diff --git a/.devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile b/.devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile
index b9f4873937b..c2bf0fbd1c6 100644
--- a/.devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
 # This needs to generally match the container host's environment.
-ARG CUDA_VERSION=12.3.1
+ARG CUDA_VERSION=13.0.0
 # Target the CUDA build image
 ARG BASE_CUDA_DEV_CONTAINER=nvidia/cuda:${CUDA_VERSION}-devel-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}
 # Target the CUDA runtime image
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/apt/archives/*
 
 # Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/53464012
-ENV CUDA_MAIN_VERSION=12.3
+ENV CUDA_MAIN_VERSION=13.0
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/cuda-${CUDA_MAIN_VERSION}/compat:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 
 COPY .. .
 # Enable cuBLAS
-RUN make base.en CMAKE_ARGS="-DGGML_CUDA=1"
+RUN make base.en CMAKE_ARGS="-DGGML_CUDA=1 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES='75;80;86;90'"
 
 RUN find /app/build -name "*.o" -delete && \
     find /app/build -name "*.a" -delete && \
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ RUN find /app/build -name "*.o" -delete && \
     rm -rf /app/build/_deps
 
 FROM ${BASE_CUDA_RUN_CONTAINER} AS runtime
-ENV CUDA_MAIN_VERSION=12.3
+ENV CUDA_MAIN_VERSION=13.0
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/cuda-${CUDA_MAIN_VERSION}/compat:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 WORKDIR /app
 
diff --git a/.devops/main-musa.Dockerfile b/.devops/main-musa.Dockerfile
index bbc33993881..026791e3f89 100644
--- a/.devops/main-musa.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/main-musa.Dockerfile
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
 # This needs to generally match the container host's environment.
-ARG MUSA_VERSION=rc4.0.1
+ARG MUSA_VERSION=rc4.2.0
 # Target the MUSA build image
-ARG BASE_MUSA_DEV_CONTAINER=mthreads/musa:${MUSA_VERSION}-mudnn-devel-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}
+ARG BASE_MUSA_DEV_CONTAINER=mthreads/musa:${MUSA_VERSION}-devel-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}-amd64
 # Target the MUSA runtime image
-ARG BASE_MUSA_RUN_CONTAINER=mthreads/musa:${MUSA_VERSION}-mudnn-runtime-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}
+ARG BASE_MUSA_RUN_CONTAINER=mthreads/musa:${MUSA_VERSION}-runtime-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}-amd64
 
 FROM ${BASE_MUSA_DEV_CONTAINER} AS build
 WORKDIR /app
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/apt/archives/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
 
-COPY --from=build /app /app
-RUN du -sh /app/*
-RUN find /app -type f -size +100M
+COPY --from=build /app/build/bin /app/build/bin
+COPY --from=build /app/samples /app/samples
+COPY --from=build /app/models /app/models
+
 ENV PATH=/app/build/bin:$PATH
 ENTRYPOINT [ "bash", "-c" ]
diff --git a/.devops/main-vulkan.Dockerfile b/.devops/main-vulkan.Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2be22e4d53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.devops/main-vulkan.Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+FROM ubuntu:24.04 AS build
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+  apt-get install -y build-essential wget cmake git libvulkan-dev glslc \
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/apt/archives/*
+
+COPY .. .
+RUN make base.en CMAKE_ARGS="-DGGML_VULKAN=1"
+
+FROM ubuntu:24.04 AS runtime
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+  apt-get install -y curl ffmpeg libsdl2-dev wget cmake git libvulkan1 mesa-vulkan-drivers \
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/apt/archives/*
+
+COPY --from=build /app /app
+ENV PATH=/app/build/bin:$PATH
+ENTRYPOINT [ "bash", "-c" ]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bindings-go.yml b/.github/workflows/bindings-go.yml
index ff420f2b636..83473e4636a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bindings-go.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bindings-go.yml
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ jobs:
   ubuntu-22:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version: '^1.23'
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - run: |
           cd bindings/go
           make test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bindings-ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/bindings-ruby.yml
index 680862fb764..c3f158e26e4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bindings-ruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bindings-ruby.yml
@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ jobs:
       - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
         with:
           ruby-version: '3.2'
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - run: rake test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 3568db32b71..fb115b22abb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,28 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+    paths: ['.github/workflows/build.yml',
+            '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+            '**/Makefile',
+            '**/*.mk',
+            '**/*.cmake',
+            '**/*.in',
+            '**/*.h',
+            '**/*.hpp',
+            '**/*.c',
+            '**/*.cpp',
+            '**/*.cu',
+            '**/*.cuh',
+            '**/*.cl',
+            '**/*.swift',
+            '**/*.m',
+            '**/*.mm',
+            '**/*.metal',
+            '**/*.comp',
+            '**/*.java']
+
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -41,10 +63,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       tag_name: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}
+      should_release: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.should_release }}
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout with full history
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
@@ -55,6 +78,7 @@ jobs:
           BUILD_NUMBER=$(git rev-list --count HEAD)
           SHORT_HASH=$(git rev-parse --short=7 HEAD)
           CUSTOM_TAG="${{ github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag }}"
+          SHOULD_RELEASE="false"
 
           echo "Raw values:"
           echo "BUILD_NUMBER: $BUILD_NUMBER"
@@ -62,21 +86,34 @@ jobs:
           echo "BRANCH_NAME: ${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}"
           echo "CUSTOM_TAG: $CUSTOM_TAG"
 
-          # Use custom tag if provided
-          if [[ -n "$CUSTOM_TAG" ]]; then
+          if [[ "${{ github.ref_type }}" == "tag" ]]; then
+            echo "Using pushed tag name"
+            TAG_NAME="${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            SHOULD_RELEASE="true"
+          elif [[ -n "$CUSTOM_TAG" ]]; then
             echo "Using custom tag"
             TAG_NAME="${CUSTOM_TAG}"
+            SHOULD_RELEASE="true"
+          elif [[ "${{ github.event.inputs.create_release }}" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "Manual release requested"
+            SHOULD_RELEASE="true"
+            TAG_NAME="b${BUILD_NUMBER}"
           elif [[ "${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}" == "master" ]]; then
             echo "Using master branch format"
             TAG_NAME="b${BUILD_NUMBER}"
+            SHOULD_RELEASE="false"
           else
             echo "Using non-master branch format"
             SAFE_NAME=$(echo "${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}" | tr '/' '-')
             TAG_NAME="${SAFE_NAME}-b${BUILD_NUMBER}-${SHORT_HASH}"
+            SHOULD_RELEASE="false"
           fi
 
           echo "Final tag name: $TAG_NAME"
+          echo "Should release: $SHOULD_RELEASE"
           echo "name=$TAG_NAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "should_release=$SHOULD_RELEASE" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
 
   ubuntu-22:
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'pull_request' ||
@@ -90,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -122,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -137,10 +174,6 @@ jobs:
             sed -i "s|archive.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
             sed -i "s|security.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
 
-            apt-get update
-            apt-get install -y ca-certificates
-            sed -i "s|http://ports.ubuntu.com|https://mirror.kumi.systems|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
-
             apt update
             apt install -y build-essential libsdl2-dev cmake git
             cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv8-a
@@ -158,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -173,10 +206,6 @@ jobs:
             sed -i "s|archive.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
             sed -i "s|security.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
 
-            apt-get update
-            apt-get install -y ca-certificates
-            sed -i "s|http://ports.ubuntu.com|https://mirror.kumi.systems|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
-
             apt update
             apt install -y build-essential libsdl2-dev cmake git
             cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv7-a+fp
@@ -194,7 +223,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Clone
         id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: ccache
         uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
@@ -205,7 +234,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Dependencies
         run: |
           brew update
-          brew install sdl2 cmake
+          cmake --version
+          brew install sdl2
 
       - name: Build
         run: |
@@ -225,7 +255,7 @@ jobs:
 #
 #    steps:
 #      - name: Clone
-#        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+#        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 #
 #      - name: Build
 #        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.27.0
@@ -251,7 +281,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -285,7 +315,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -300,10 +330,6 @@ jobs:
             sed -i "s|archive.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
             sed -i "s|security.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
 
-            apt-get update
-            apt-get install -y ca-certificates
-            sed -i "s|http://ports.ubuntu.com|https://mirror.kumi.systems|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
-
             apt update
             apt install -y build-essential cmake libsdl2-dev git
             cmake . -DWHISPER_SDL2=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build }} -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv8-a
@@ -323,7 +349,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -338,10 +364,6 @@ jobs:
             sed -i "s|archive.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
             sed -i "s|security.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
 
-            apt-get update
-            apt-get install -y ca-certificates
-            sed -i "s|http://ports.ubuntu.com|https://mirror.kumi.systems|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
-
             apt update
             apt install -y build-essential cmake libsdl2-dev git
             cmake . -DWHISPER_SDL2=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build }} -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv7-a+fp
@@ -364,7 +386,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -379,10 +401,6 @@ jobs:
             sed -i "s|archive.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
             sed -i "s|security.ubuntu.com|mirrors.kernel.org|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
 
-            apt-get update
-            apt-get install -y ca-certificates
-            sed -i "s|http://ports.ubuntu.com|https://mirror.kumi.systems|g" /etc/apt/sources.list
-
             apt update
             apt install -y clang build-essential cmake libsdl2-dev git
             cmake . -DWHISPER_SDL2=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build }} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang
@@ -402,7 +420,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -442,7 +460,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: add oneAPI to apt
         shell: bash
@@ -466,7 +484,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Clone
         id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -494,7 +512,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: add oneAPI to apt
         shell: bash
@@ -518,7 +536,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Clone
         id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -543,7 +561,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup ${{ matrix.sys }}
         uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
@@ -579,6 +597,7 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'pull_request' ||
             github.event.inputs.run_type == 'full-ci' }}
     runs-on: windows-latest
+    needs: determine-tag
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -597,7 +616,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Add msbuild to PATH
         uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
@@ -627,31 +646,31 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload SDL2.dll
         if: matrix.sdl2 == 'ON'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.s2arc }}_SDL2.dll
           path: build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}/SDL2.dll
 
       - name: Upload whisper dll
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: whisper_${{ matrix.arch }}.dll
           path: build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}/whisper.dll
 
       - name: Upload ggml dll
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ggml_${{ matrix.arch }}.dll
           path: build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}/ggml.dll
 
       - name: Upload ggml base dll
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ggml_base_${{ matrix.arch }}.dll
           path: build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}/ggml-base.dll
 
       - name: Upload ggml cpu dll
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ggml_cpu_${{ matrix.arch }}.dll
           path: build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}/ggml-cpu.dll
@@ -662,10 +681,8 @@ jobs:
               Compress-Archive -Path "build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}" -DestinationPath "whisper-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip"
 
       - name: Upload binaries
-        if: matrix.sdl2 == 'ON' && ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master') ||
-                github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' ||
-                github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: matrix.sdl2 == 'ON' && ${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.should_release }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: whisper-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
           path: whisper-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
@@ -694,10 +711,10 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Export GitHub Actions cache environment variables
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
         with:
           script: |
             core.exportVariable('ACTIONS_CACHE_URL', process.env.ACTIONS_CACHE_URL || '');
@@ -750,10 +767,8 @@ jobs:
               Compress-Archive -Path "build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}" -DestinationPath "whisper-blas-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip"
 
       - name: Upload binaries
-        if: matrix.blas == 'ON' && matrix.sdl2 == 'ON' && ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master') ||
-                github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' ||
-                github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: matrix.blas == 'ON' && matrix.sdl2 == 'ON' && ${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.should_release }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: whisper-blas-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
           path: whisper-blas-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
@@ -762,6 +777,7 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'pull_request' ||
             github.event.inputs.run_type == 'full-ci' }}
     runs-on: windows-2022
+    needs: determine-tag
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -776,7 +792,7 @@ jobs:
             sdl2_ver: 2.28.5
     steps:
       - name: Clone repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Install Ninja
         id: install_ninja
@@ -844,7 +860,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "$CUDA_TOOLKIT_DIR\libnvvp" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
           echo "CUDA_PATH=$CUDA_TOOLKIT_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
           echo "CUDA_PATH_V11_8=$CUDA_TOOLKIT_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
-        
+
       - name: Install Cuda Toolkit 12.4.0
         if: ${{ matrix.cuda-toolkit == '12.4.0' }}
         run: |
@@ -960,10 +976,8 @@ jobs:
               Compress-Archive -Path "build/bin/${{ matrix.build }}" -DestinationPath "whisper-cublas-${{ matrix.cuda-toolkit }}-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip"
 
       - name: Upload binaries
-        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master') ||
-                github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' ||
-                github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: ${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.should_release }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: whisper-cublas-${{ matrix.cuda-toolkit }}-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
           path: whisper-cublas-${{ matrix.cuda-toolkit }}-bin-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
@@ -979,7 +993,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup emsdk
         uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
@@ -1002,7 +1016,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Configure
         run: |
@@ -1039,17 +1053,12 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Pack artifacts
         id: pack_artifacts
-        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master') ||
-                github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' ||
-                github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
         run: |
           zip --symlinks -r whisper-${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.tag_name }}-xcframework.zip build-apple/whisper.xcframework
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master') ||
-                github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' ||
-                github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: ${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.should_release }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           path: whisper-${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.tag_name }}-xcframework.zip
           name: whisper-${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.tag_name }}-xcframework.zip
@@ -1061,12 +1070,12 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           path: whisper
 
       - name: Install Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
         with:
           distribution: zulu
           java-version: 21
@@ -1090,10 +1099,10 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: set up JDK 11
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
         with:
           java-version: '11'
           distribution: 'temurin'
@@ -1116,36 +1125,36 @@ jobs:
     needs: ['windows']
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Install Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
         with:
           distribution: zulu
           java-version: 20
 
       - name: Download Whisper Windows lib
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: whisper_x64.dll
 
       - name: Download GGML Windows lib
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ggml_x64.dll
 
       - name: Download GGML Base Windows lib
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ggml_base_x64.dll
 
       - name: Download GGML CPU Windows lib
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ggml_cpu_x64.dll
 
       - name: Download SDL2.dll
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: x64_SDL2.dll
 
@@ -1192,7 +1201,7 @@ jobs:
               Compress-Archive -Path "bindings/java/build/libs/whispercpp-*.jar" -DestinationPath "whispercpp.jar.zip"
 
       - name: Upload jar
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: whispercpp.jar.zip
           path: whispercpp.jar.zip
@@ -1216,17 +1225,17 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Test quantize
         run: |
           ./models/download-ggml-model.sh tiny.en
           cmake -B build
           cmake --build build --config Release
-          ./build/bin/quantize models/ggml-tiny.en.bin models/ggml-tiny.en-q4_0.bin q4_0
+          ./build/bin/whisper-quantize models/ggml-tiny.en.bin models/ggml-tiny.en-q4_0.bin q4_0
 
   release:
-    if: ${{ github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' || github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
+    if: ${{ github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' || github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' || startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
@@ -1240,7 +1249,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Clone
         id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
@@ -1253,7 +1262,7 @@ jobs:
       # Downloads all the artifacts from the previous jobs
       - name: Download artifacts
         id: download-artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           path: ./artifact
 
@@ -1269,6 +1278,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           tag_name: ${{ needs.determine-tag.outputs.tag_name }}
           prerelease: ${{ github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
+          draft: true
 
       - name: Upload release
         id: upload_release
@@ -1295,13 +1305,14 @@ jobs:
   coreml-base-en:
     if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master') ||
             github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' ||
-            github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' }}
+            github.event.inputs.pre_release_tag != '' ||
+            startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
     runs-on: macos-latest
     needs: determine-tag
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set environment variables
         id: set_vars
@@ -1327,7 +1338,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Build
         shell: bash
@@ -1339,3 +1350,211 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           ctest -R ^test-vad$ --test-dir build --output-on-failure -VV
+
+# TODO: simplify the following workflows using a matrix
+  ggml-ci-x64-cpu-low-perf:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ggml-ci-x64-cpu-low-perf
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          LLAMA_ARG_THREADS=$(nproc) GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+
+  ggml-ci-arm64-cpu-low-perf:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-arm
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ggml-ci-arm64-cpu-low-perf
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          LLAMA_ARG_THREADS=$(nproc) GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+
+  ggml-ci-x64-cpu-high-perf:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ggml-ci-x64-cpu-high-perf
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          LLAMA_ARG_THREADS=$(nproc) bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+
+  ggml-ci-arm64-cpu-high-perf:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-arm
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ggml-ci-arm64-cpu-high-perf
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          LLAMA_ARG_THREADS=$(nproc) GG_BUILD_NO_SVE=1 GG_BUILD_NO_BF16=1 GG_BUILD_EXTRA_TESTS_0=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+
+  ggml-ci-arm64-cpu-high-perf-sve:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04-arm
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ggml-ci-arm64-cpu-high-perf-sve
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          LLAMA_ARG_THREADS=$(nproc) GG_BUILD_NO_BF16=1 GG_BUILD_EXTRA_TESTS_0=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+
+  ggml-ci-x64-nvidia-cuda:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, mnt-root, NVIDIA]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          nvidia-smi
+          GG_BUILD_CUDA=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/whisper.cpp /mnt/whisper.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-x64-nvidia-vulkan-cm:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, mnt-root, NVIDIA]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          vulkaninfo --summary
+          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 GGML_VK_DISABLE_COOPMAT2=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/whisper.cpp /mnt/whisper.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-x64-nvidia-vulkan-cm2:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, mnt-root, NVIDIA, COOPMAT2]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          vulkaninfo --summary
+          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/whisper.cpp /mnt/whisper.cpp
+
+  #ggml-ci-x64-cpu-amx:
+  #  runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, X64, CPU, AMX]
+
+  #  steps:
+  #    - name: Clone
+  #      id: checkout
+  #      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+  #    - name: Test
+  #      id: ggml-ci
+  #      run: |
+  #        bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/whisper.cpp /mnt/whisper.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-mac-metal:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          GG_BUILD_METAL=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/whisper.cpp ~/mnt/whisper.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-mac-vulkan:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          vulkaninfo --summary
+          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/whisper.cpp ~/mnt/whisper.cpp
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker.yml b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
index c5e9e90d71b..6c0de0ece70 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -15,16 +15,18 @@ jobs:
     env:
       COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         config:
           - { tag: "main", dockerfile: ".devops/main.Dockerfile", platform: "linux/amd64" }
           - { tag: "main-musa", dockerfile: ".devops/main-musa.Dockerfile", platform: "linux/amd64" }
           - { tag: "main-intel", dockerfile: ".devops/main-intel.Dockerfile", platform: "linux/amd64" }
           - { tag: "main-cuda", dockerfile: ".devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile", platform: "linux/amd64" }
+          - { tag: "main-vulkan", dockerfile: ".devops/main-vulkan.Dockerfile", platform: "linux/amd64" }
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out the repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -41,21 +43,35 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - name: Build and push Docker image (versioned)
-        if: github.event_name == 'push'
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
-        with:
-          context: .
-          push: true
-          platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platform }}
-          tags: "ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ matrix.config.tag }}-${{ env.COMMIT_SHA }}"
-          file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
+      - name: Free up disk space
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get remove -y '^dotnet-.*' '^llvm-.*' '^mysql-.*' '^postgresql-.*'
+          sudo apt-get autoremove -y
+          sudo apt-get autoclean
+
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/android
+          sudo rm -rf /opt/ghc
+          sudo rm -rf /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL
+
+          docker system prune -af
+
+          df -h
+
+      - name: Generate tags
+        id: tags
+        run: |
+          TAGS="ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ matrix.config.tag }}"
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "push" ]; then
+            TAGS="$TAGS,ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ matrix.config.tag }}-${{ env.COMMIT_SHA }}"
+          fi
+          echo "tags=$TAGS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Build and push Docker image (tagged)
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           context: .
           push: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platform }}
-          tags: "ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ matrix.config.tag }}"
+          tags: ${{ steps.tags.outputs.tags }}
           file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/examples-wasm.yml b/.github/workflows/examples-wasm.yml
index 125c106bb67..927438cdad8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/examples-wasm.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/examples-wasm.yml
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v4
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
 
       - name: Setup emsdk
         uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
@@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ jobs:
           cp ${build_dir}/stream.wasm/{index.html,stream.js,helpers.js} ${target_dir}
           cp ${build_dir}/libstream.js ${target_dir}
 
+          # wchess.wasm
+          target_dir=staging/wchess.wasm
+          mkdir -p ${target_dir}
+          cp -r ${build_dir}/wchess.wasm/{index.html,css,img,js} ${target_dir}
+          cp ${build_dir}/wchess.wasm.js ${target_dir}
+
           # whisper.wasm (this will be the main example page)
           target_dir=staging
           mkdir -p ${target_dir}
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
           find staging -type f | sort
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: ./staging
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/examples.yml b/.github/workflows/examples.yml
index 74ef8e0faae..1c9ade5a300 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/examples.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/examples.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
         node-version: [ 16.x, 18.x ]
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Dependencies
         run: |
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
 
       - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
           cache: 'npm'
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0957376dd8b..957eeb75456 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 build/
 build-*/
 build_*/
+tmp/
 
 # SPM
 .build/
@@ -62,4 +63,4 @@ cmake-build-debug/
 .gradle/
 local.properties
 .log
-.exe
\ No newline at end of file
+.exe
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index cf8d3c2003b..a0f74041321 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5) # for add_link_options and implicit target directories.
 project("whisper.cpp" C CXX)
-project("whisper.cpp" VERSION 1.7.5)
+project("whisper.cpp" VERSION 1.8.4)
 include(CheckIncludeFileCXX)
 
 set(SOVERSION 1)
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ endif()
 if (EMSCRIPTEN)
     set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_DEFAULT OFF)
 
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
     option(WHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE "whisper: embed WASM inside the generated whisper.js" ON)
 
     # TODO: without these, we get the following error:
@@ -178,6 +181,10 @@ get_directory_property(WHISPER_TRANSIENT_DEFINES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
 set_target_properties(whisper PROPERTIES PUBLIC_HEADER ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/whisper.h)
 install(TARGETS whisper LIBRARY PUBLIC_HEADER)
 
+target_compile_definitions(whisper PRIVATE
+    WHISPER_VERSION="${PROJECT_VERSION}"
+)
+
 configure_package_config_file(
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/whisper-config.cmake.in
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/whisper-config.cmake
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
index acb96ce78e0..e7dca554bcb 100644
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0298818cc24..474a1301da7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 [![Conan Center](https://shields.io/conan/v/whisper-cpp)](https://conan.io/center/whisper-cpp)
 [![npm](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/whisper.cpp.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/whisper.cpp/)
 
-Stable: [v1.7.5](https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/releases/tag/v1.7.5) / [Roadmap](https://github.com/orgs/ggml-org/projects/4/)
+Stable: [v1.8.1](https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/releases/tag/v1.8.1) / [Roadmap](https://github.com/orgs/ggml-org/projects/4/)
 
 High-performance inference of [OpenAI's Whisper](https://github.com/openai/whisper) automatic speech recognition (ASR) model:
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Now build the [whisper-cli](examples/cli) example and transcribe an audio file l
 ```bash
 # build the project
 cmake -B build
-cmake --build build --config Release
+cmake --build build -j --config Release
 
 # transcribe an audio file
 ./build/bin/whisper-cli -f samples/jfk.wav
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ standard cmake setup with:
 ```bash
 # build with GGML_BLAS defined
 cmake -B build -DGGML_BLAS=1
-cmake --build build --config Release
+cmake --build build -j --config Release
 ./build/bin/whisper-cli [ .. etc .. ]
 ```
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Here are the steps for creating and using a quantized model:
 ```bash
 # quantize a model with Q5_0 method
 cmake -B build
-cmake --build build --config Release
+cmake --build build -j --config Release
 ./build/bin/quantize models/ggml-base.en.bin models/ggml-base.en-q5_0.bin q5_0
 
 # run the examples as usual, specifying the quantized model file
@@ -362,6 +362,7 @@ First, check if your Ascend NPU device is supported:
 | Ascend NPU                    | Status  |
 |:-----------------------------:|:-------:|
 | Atlas 300T A2                 | Support |
+| Atlas 300I Duo                | Support |
 
 Then, make sure you have installed [`CANN toolkit`](https://www.hiascend.com/en/software/cann/community) . The lasted version of CANN is recommanded.
 
@@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ Run the inference examples as usual, for example:
 ## Moore Threads GPU support
 
 With Moore Threads cards the processing of the models is done efficiently on the GPU via muBLAS and custom MUSA kernels.
-First, make sure you have installed `MUSA SDK rc4.0.1`: https://developer.mthreads.com/sdk/download/musa?equipment=&os=&driverVersion=&version=4.0.1
+First, make sure you have installed `MUSA SDK rc4.2.0`: https://developer.mthreads.com/sdk/download/musa?equipment=&os=&driverVersion=&version=4.2.0
 
 Now build `whisper.cpp` with MUSA support:
 
@@ -442,11 +443,12 @@ ffmpeg -i samples/jfk.wav jfk.opus
 
 ### Images
 
-We have two Docker images available for this project:
+We have multiple Docker images available for this project:
 
 1. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/whisper.cpp:main`: This image includes the main executable file as well as `curl` and `ffmpeg`. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
 2. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/whisper.cpp:main-cuda`: Same as `main` but compiled with CUDA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 3. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/whisper.cpp:main-musa`: Same as `main` but compiled with MUSA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
+4. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/whisper.cpp:main-vulkan`: Same as `main` but compiled with Vulkan support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 
 ### Usage
 
@@ -455,15 +457,27 @@ We have two Docker images available for this project:
 docker run -it --rm \
   -v path/to/models:/models \
   whisper.cpp:main "./models/download-ggml-model.sh base /models"
+
 # transcribe an audio file
 docker run -it --rm \
   -v path/to/models:/models \
   -v path/to/audios:/audios \
   whisper.cpp:main "whisper-cli -m /models/ggml-base.bin -f /audios/jfk.wav"
+
 # transcribe an audio file in samples folder
 docker run -it --rm \
   -v path/to/models:/models \
   whisper.cpp:main "whisper-cli -m /models/ggml-base.bin -f ./samples/jfk.wav"
+
+# run the web server
+docker run -it --rm -p "8080:8080" \
+  -v path/to/models:/models \
+  whisper.cpp:main "whisper-server --host 127.0.0.1 -m /models/ggml-base.bin"
+  
+# run the bench too on the small.en model using 4 threads
+docker run -it --rm \
+  -v path/to/models:/models \
+  whisper.cpp:main "whisper-bench -m /models/ggml-small.en.bin -t 4"
 ```
 
 ## Installing with Conan
@@ -489,7 +503,7 @@ You will need to have [sdl2](https://wiki.libsdl.org/SDL2/Installation) installe
 
 ```bash
 cmake -B build -DWHISPER_SDL2=ON
-cmake --build build --config Release
+cmake --build build -j --config Release
 ./build/bin/whisper-stream -m ./models/ggml-base.en.bin -t 8 --step 500 --length 5000
 ```
 
@@ -709,7 +723,9 @@ For more details, see the conversion script [models/convert-pt-to-ggml.py](model
 ## XCFramework
 The XCFramework is a precompiled version of the library for iOS, visionOS, tvOS,
 and macOS. It can be used in Swift projects without the need to compile the
-library from source. For examples:
+library from source. For example, the v1.7.5 version of the XCFramework can be
+used as follows:
+
 ```swift
 // swift-tools-version: 5.10
 // The swift-tools-version declares the minimum version of Swift required to build this package.
@@ -739,7 +755,7 @@ argument to `whisper-cli`. In addition to this option a VAD model is also
 required.
 
 The way this works is that first the audio samples are passed through
-the VAD model which will detect speech segments. Using this information the
+the VAD model which will detect speech segments. Using this information,
 only the speech segments that are detected are extracted from the original audio
 input and passed to whisper for processing. This reduces the amount of audio
 data that needs to be processed by whisper and can significantly speed up the
@@ -753,23 +769,23 @@ written in Python that is fast and accurate.
 
 Models can be downloaded by running the following command on Linux or MacOS:
 ```console
-$ ./models/download-vad-model.sh silero-v5.1.2
-Downloading ggml model silero-v5.1.2 from 'https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad' ...
-ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin        100%[==============================================>] 864.35K  --.-KB/s    in 0.04s
-Done! Model 'silero-v5.1.2' saved in '/path/models/ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin'
+$ ./models/download-vad-model.sh silero-v6.2.0
+Downloading ggml model silero-v6.2.0 from 'https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad' ...
+ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin        100%[==============================================>] 864.35K  --.-KB/s    in 0.04s
+Done! Model 'silero-v6.2.0' saved in '/path/models/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin'
 You can now use it like this:
 
-  $ ./build/bin/whisper-cli -vm /path/models/ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin --vad -f samples/jfk.wav -m models/ggml-base.en.bin
+  $ ./build/bin/whisper-cli -vm /path/models/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin --vad -f samples/jfk.wav -m models/ggml-base.en.bin
 
 ```
 And the following command on Windows:
 ```console
-> .\models\download-vad-model.cmd silero-v5.1.2
-Downloading vad model silero-v5.1.2...
-Done! Model silero-v5.1.2 saved in C:\Users\danie\work\ai\whisper.cpp\ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin
+> .\models\download-vad-model.cmd silero-v6.2.0
+Downloading vad model silero-v6.2.0...
+Done! Model silero-v6.2.0 saved in C:\Users\danie\work\ai\whisper.cpp\ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin
 You can now use it like this:
 
-C:\path\build\bin\Release\whisper-cli.exe -vm C:\path\ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin --vad -m models/ggml-base.en.bin -f samples\jfk.wav
+C:\path\build\bin\Release\whisper-cli.exe -vm C:\path\ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin --vad -m models/ggml-base.en.bin -f samples\jfk.wav
 
 ```
 
@@ -781,7 +797,7 @@ This model can be also be converted manually to ggml using the following command
 $ python3 -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate
 $ (venv) pip install silero-vad
 $ (venv) $ python models/convert-silero-vad-to-ggml.py --output models/silero.bin
-Saving GGML Silero-VAD model to models/silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin
+Saving GGML Silero-VAD model to models/silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin
 ```
 And it can then be used with whisper as follows:
 ```console
@@ -789,7 +805,7 @@ $ ./build/bin/whisper-cli \
    --file ./samples/jfk.wav \
    --model ./models/ggml-base.en.bin \
    --vad \
-   --vad-model ./models/silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin
+   --vad-model ./models/silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin
 ```
 
 ### VAD Options
diff --git a/bindings/go/Makefile b/bindings/go/Makefile
index edcc0166b74..e4436a6a291 100644
--- a/bindings/go/Makefile
+++ b/bindings/go/Makefile
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ BUILD_DIR := build_go
 MODELS_DIR := models
 EXAMPLES_DIR := $(wildcard examples/*)
 INCLUDE_PATH := $(abspath ../../include):$(abspath ../../ggml/include)
-LIBRARY_PATH := $(abspath ../../${BUILD_DIR}/src:$(abspath ../../${BUILD_DIR}/ggml/src))
+LIBRARY_PATH := $(abspath ../../${BUILD_DIR}/src):$(abspath ../../${BUILD_DIR}/ggml/src)
 
 ifeq ($(GGML_CUDA),1)
 	LIBRARY_PATH := $(LIBRARY_PATH):$(CUDA_PATH)/targets/$(UNAME_M)-linux/lib/
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ ifeq ($(GGML_CUDA),1)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(UNAME_S),Darwin)
-	EXT_LDFLAGS := -framework Foundation -framework Metal -framework MetalKit
+	LIBRARY_PATH := $(LIBRARY_PATH):$(abspath ../../${BUILD_DIR}/ggml/src/ggml-blas):$(abspath ../../${BUILD_DIR}/ggml/src/ggml-metal)
+	EXT_LDFLAGS := -framework Foundation -framework Metal -framework MetalKit -lggml-metal -lggml-blas
 endif
 
 all: clean whisper examples
diff --git a/bindings/go/examples/go-model-download/main.go b/bindings/go/examples/go-model-download/main.go
index 728c6df53d4..e72262eb7cb 100644
--- a/bindings/go/examples/go-model-download/main.go
+++ b/bindings/go/examples/go-model-download/main.go
@@ -282,13 +282,20 @@ func Download(ctx context.Context, p io.Writer, model, out string) (string, erro
 		default:
 			// Read body
 			n, err := resp.Body.Read(data)
+			if n > 0 {
+				if m, err := w.Write(data[:n]); err != nil {
+					return path, err
+				} else {
+					count += int64(m)
+				}
+			}
+
 			if err != nil {
-				DownloadReport(p, pct, count, resp.ContentLength)
-				return path, err
-			} else if m, err := w.Write(data[:n]); err != nil {
+				if err == io.EOF {
+					DownloadReport(p, pct, count, resp.ContentLength)
+					return path, nil
+				}
 				return path, err
-			} else {
-				count += int64(m)
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/bindings/go/params.go b/bindings/go/params.go
index 95c5bfaf934..7d6a30d7fea 100644
--- a/bindings/go/params.go
+++ b/bindings/go/params.go
@@ -47,6 +47,39 @@ func (p *Params) SetPrintTimestamps(v bool) {
 	p.print_timestamps = toBool(v)
 }
 
+// Voice Activity Detection (VAD)
+func (p *Params) SetVAD(v bool) {
+	p.vad = toBool(v)
+}
+
+func (p *Params) SetVADModelPath(path string) {
+	p.vad_model_path = C.CString(path)
+}
+
+func (p *Params) SetVADThreshold(t float32) {
+	p.vad_params.threshold = C.float(t)
+}
+
+func (p *Params) SetVADMinSpeechMs(ms int) {
+	p.vad_params.min_speech_duration_ms = C.int(ms)
+}
+
+func (p *Params) SetVADMinSilenceMs(ms int) {
+	p.vad_params.min_silence_duration_ms = C.int(ms)
+}
+
+func (p *Params) SetVADMaxSpeechSec(s float32) {
+	p.vad_params.max_speech_duration_s = C.float(s)
+}
+
+func (p *Params) SetVADSpeechPadMs(ms int) {
+	p.vad_params.speech_pad_ms = C.int(ms)
+}
+
+func (p *Params) SetVADSamplesOverlap(sec float32) {
+	p.vad_params.samples_overlap = C.float(sec)
+}
+
 // Set language id
 func (p *Params) SetLanguage(lang int) error {
 	if lang == -1 {
@@ -146,6 +179,10 @@ func (p *Params) SetInitialPrompt(prompt string) {
 	p.initial_prompt = C.CString(prompt)
 }
 
+func (p *Params) SetCarryInitialPrompt(v bool) {
+	p.carry_initial_prompt = toBool(v)
+}
+
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // PRIVATE METHODS
 
@@ -199,6 +236,9 @@ func (p *Params) String() string {
 	if p.token_timestamps {
 		str += " token_timestamps"
 	}
+	if p.carry_initial_prompt {
+		str += " carry_initial_prompt"
+	}
 
 	return str + ">"
 }
diff --git a/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/context.go b/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/context.go
index cb3d9eb8c1c..d356d72cccb 100644
--- a/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/context.go
+++ b/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/context.go
@@ -80,6 +80,39 @@ func (context *context) SetTranslate(v bool) {
 	context.params.SetTranslate(v)
 }
 
+// Voice Activity Detection (VAD)
+func (context *context) SetVAD(v bool) {
+	context.params.SetVAD(v)
+}
+
+func (context *context) SetVADModelPath(path string) {
+	context.params.SetVADModelPath(path)
+}
+
+func (context *context) SetVADThreshold(t float32) {
+	context.params.SetVADThreshold(t)
+}
+
+func (context *context) SetVADMinSpeechMs(ms int) {
+	context.params.SetVADMinSpeechMs(ms)
+}
+
+func (context *context) SetVADMinSilenceMs(ms int) {
+	context.params.SetVADMinSilenceMs(ms)
+}
+
+func (context *context) SetVADMaxSpeechSec(s float32) {
+	context.params.SetVADMaxSpeechSec(s)
+}
+
+func (context *context) SetVADSpeechPadMs(ms int) {
+	context.params.SetVADSpeechPadMs(ms)
+}
+
+func (context *context) SetVADSamplesOverlap(sec float32) {
+	context.params.SetVADSamplesOverlap(sec)
+}
+
 func (context *context) SetSplitOnWord(v bool) {
 	context.params.SetSplitOnWord(v)
 }
@@ -237,6 +270,9 @@ func (context *context) Process(
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// Reset n so that more Segments can be available within NextSegment call
+	context.n = 0
+
 	// Return success
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/interface.go b/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/interface.go
index e3122c44b76..2b275dd3469 100644
--- a/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/interface.go
+++ b/bindings/go/pkg/whisper/interface.go
@@ -60,6 +60,15 @@ type Context interface {
 	SetTemperature(t float32)         // Set temperature
 	SetTemperatureFallback(t float32) // Set temperature incrementation
 
+	SetVAD(v bool)
+	SetVADModelPath(path string)
+	SetVADThreshold(t float32)
+	SetVADMinSpeechMs(ms int)
+	SetVADMinSilenceMs(ms int)
+	SetVADMaxSpeechSec(s float32)
+	SetVADSpeechPadMs(ms int)
+	SetVADSamplesOverlap(sec float32)
+
 	// Process mono audio data and return any errors.
 	// If defined, newly generated segments are passed to the
 	// callback function during processing.
diff --git a/bindings/go/whisper.go b/bindings/go/whisper.go
index 525b72d2318..3ef73414d90 100644
--- a/bindings/go/whisper.go
+++ b/bindings/go/whisper.go
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import (
 // CGO
 
 /*
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -lwhisper -lggml -lggml-base -lggml-cpu  -lm -lstdc++ -fopenmp
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -lwhisper -lggml -lggml-base -lggml-cpu -lm -lstdc++
+#cgo linux LDFLAGS: -fopenmp
+#cgo darwin LDFLAGS: -lggml-metal -lggml-blas
 #cgo darwin LDFLAGS: -framework Accelerate -framework Metal -framework Foundation -framework CoreGraphics
 #include <whisper.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperContextParams.java b/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperContextParams.java
index 4bcdb6b0401..66ec5d70465 100644
--- a/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperContextParams.java
+++ b/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperContextParams.java
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public WhisperContextParams() {
     /** Use GPU for inference (default = true) */
     public CBool use_gpu;
 
-    /** Use flash attention (default = false) */
+    /** Use flash attention (default = true) */
     public CBool flash_attn;
 
     /** CUDA device to use (default = 0) */
diff --git a/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperFullParams.java b/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperFullParams.java
index 498ff126037..76ce80fb4cc 100644
--- a/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperFullParams.java
+++ b/bindings/java/src/main/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/params/WhisperFullParams.java
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ public void tdrzEnable(boolean enable) {
     /** Tokens to provide to the whisper decoder as an initial prompt.
      * These are prepended to any existing text context from a previous call. */
     public String initial_prompt;
+    /** Always prepend initial_prompt for every decode chunk. */
+    public CBool carry_initial_prompt;
 
     /** Prompt tokens. (int*) */
     public Pointer prompt_tokens;
@@ -336,8 +338,8 @@ protected List<String> getFieldOrder() {
                 "no_timestamps", "single_segment", "print_special",
                 "print_progress", "print_realtime", "print_timestamps",
                 "token_timestamps", "thold_pt", "thold_ptsum", "max_len",
-                "split_on_word", "max_tokens", "debug_mode", "audio_ctx", 
-                "tdrz_enable", "suppress_regex", "initial_prompt",
+                "split_on_word", "max_tokens", "debug_mode", "audio_ctx",
+                "tdrz_enable", "suppress_regex", "initial_prompt", "carry_initial_prompt",
                 "prompt_tokens", "prompt_n_tokens", "language", "detect_language",
                 "suppress_blank", "suppress_nst", "temperature",
                 "max_initial_ts", "length_penalty", "temperature_inc",
diff --git a/bindings/java/src/test/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/WhisperCppTest.java b/bindings/java/src/test/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/WhisperCppTest.java
index bf37e519992..e5b22cf8de8 100644
--- a/bindings/java/src/test/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/WhisperCppTest.java
+++ b/bindings/java/src/test/java/io/github/ggerganov/whispercpp/WhisperCppTest.java
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 import io.github.ggerganov.whispercpp.bean.WhisperSegment;
 import io.github.ggerganov.whispercpp.params.CBool;
+import io.github.ggerganov.whispercpp.params.WhisperContextParams;
 import io.github.ggerganov.whispercpp.params.WhisperFullParams;
 import io.github.ggerganov.whispercpp.params.WhisperSamplingStrategy;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
@@ -25,7 +26,9 @@ static void init() throws FileNotFoundException {
         //String modelName = "../../models/ggml-tiny.bin";
         String modelName = "../../models/ggml-tiny.en.bin";
         try {
-            whisper.initContext(modelName);
+            WhisperContextParams.ByValue contextParams = whisper.getContextDefaultParams();
+            contextParams.useFlashAttn(false);  // Disable flash attention
+            whisper.initContext(modelName, contextParams);
             //whisper.getFullDefaultParams(WhisperSamplingStrategy.WHISPER_SAMPLING_GREEDY);
             //whisper.getJavaDefaultParams(WhisperSamplingStrategy.WHISPER_SAMPLING_BEAM_SEARCH);
             modelInitialised = true;
diff --git a/bindings/javascript/package.json b/bindings/javascript/package.json
index df72d132943..074dfdda307 100644
--- a/bindings/javascript/package.json
+++ b/bindings/javascript/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "whisper.cpp",
-  "version": "1.7.5",
+  "version": "1.8.4",
   "description": "Whisper speech recognition",
   "main": "whisper.js",
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/README.md b/bindings/ruby/README.md
index fff6efc7c5c..c6280a6926a 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/README.md
+++ b/bindings/ruby/README.md
@@ -5,43 +5,6 @@ whispercpp
 
 Ruby bindings for [whisper.cpp][], an interface of automatic speech recognition model.
 
-Installation
-------------
-
-Install the gem and add to the application's Gemfile by executing:
-
-    $ bundle add whispercpp
-
-If bundler is not being used to manage dependencies, install the gem by executing:
-
-    $ gem install whispercpp
-
-You can pass build options for whisper.cpp, for instance:
-
-    $ bundle config build.whispercpp --enable-ggml-cuda
-
-or,
-
-    $ gem install whispercpp -- --enable-ggml-cuda
-
-See whisper.cpp's [README](https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/blob/master/README.md) for available options. You need convert options present the README to Ruby-style options, for example:
-
-Boolean options:
-
-* `-DGGML_BLAS=1` -> `--enable-ggml-blas`
-* `-DWHISER_COREML=OFF` -> `--disable-whisper-coreml`
-
-Argument options:
-
-* `-DGGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE=size` -> `--ggml-cuda-compression-mode=size`
-
-Combination:
-
-* `-DGGML_CUDA=1 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES="86"` -> `--enable-ggml-cuda --cmake_cuda-architectures="86"`
-
-For boolean options like `GGML_CUDA`, the README says `-DGGML_CUDA=1`. You need strip `-D`, prepend `--enable-` for `1` or `ON` (`--disable-` for `0` or `OFF`) and make it kebab-case: `--enable-ggml-cuda`.  
-For options which require arguments like `CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES`, the README says `-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES="86"`. You need strip `-D`, prepend `--`, make it kebab-case, append `=` and append argument: `--cmake-cuda-architectures="86"`.
-
 Usage
 -----
 
@@ -57,7 +20,8 @@ params = Whisper::Params.new(
   max_text_tokens: 300,
   translate: true,
   print_timestamps: false,
-  initial_prompt: "Initial prompt here."
+  initial_prompt: "Initial prompt here.",
+  carry_initial_prompt: true
 )
 
 whisper.transcribe("path/to/audio.wav", params) do |whole_text|
@@ -118,7 +82,8 @@ Or, you can download model files:
 ```ruby
 whisper = Whisper::Context.new("https://example.net/uri/of/your/model.bin")
 # Or
-whisper = Whisper::Context.new(URI("https://example.net/uri/of/your/model.bin"))
+uri = URI("https://example.net/uri/of/your/model.bin")
+whisper = Whisper::Context.new(uri)
 ```
 
 See [models][] page for details.
@@ -134,20 +99,20 @@ Support for Voice Activity Detection (VAD) can be enabled by setting `Whisper::P
 ```ruby
 Whisper::Params.new(
   vad: true,
-  vad_model_path: "silero-v5.1.2",
+  vad_model_path: "silero-v6.2.0",
   # other arguments...
 )
 ```
 
-When you pass the model name (`"silero-v5.1.2"`) or URI (`https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad/resolve/main/ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin`), it will be downloaded automatically.
-Currently, "silero-v5.1.2" is registered as pre-converted model like ASR models. You also specify file path or URI of model.
+When you pass the model name (`"silero-v6.2.0"`) or URI (`https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad/resolve/main/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin`), it will be downloaded automatically.
+Currently, "silero-v6.2.0" is registered as pre-converted model like ASR models. You also specify file path or URI of model.
 
 If you need configure VAD behavior, pass params for that:
 
 ```ruby
 Whisper::Params.new(
   vad: true,
-  vad_model_path: "silero-v5.1.2",
+  vad_model_path: "silero-v6.2.0",
   vad_params: Whisper::VAD::Params.new(
     threshold: 1.0, # defaults to 0.5
     min_speech_duration_ms: 500, # defaults to 250
@@ -187,6 +152,42 @@ WEBVTT
 
 You may call `#to_srt`, too
 
+Installation
+------------
+
+Install the gem and add to the application's Gemfile by executing:
+
+    $ bundle add whispercpp
+
+If bundler is not being used to manage dependencies, install the gem by executing:
+
+    $ gem install whispercpp
+
+You can pass build options for whisper.cpp, for instance:
+
+    $ bundle config build.whispercpp --enable-ggml-cuda
+
+or,
+
+    $ gem install whispercpp -- --enable-ggml-cuda
+
+See whisper.cpp's [README](https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/blob/master/README.md) for available options. You need convert options present in the README to Ruby-style options, for example:
+
+Boolean options:
+
+* `-DGGML_BLAS=1` -> `--enable-ggml-blas`
+* `-DWHISER_COREML=OFF` -> `--disable-whisper-coreml`
+
+Argument options:
+
+* `-DGGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE=size` -> `--ggml-cuda-compression-mode=size`
+
+Combination:
+
+* `-DGGML_CUDA=1 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES="86"` -> `--enable-ggml-cuda --cmake_cuda-architectures="86"`
+
+For boolean options like `GGML_CUDA`, the README says `-DGGML_CUDA=1`. You need strip `-D`, prepend `--enable-` for `1` or `ON` (`--disable-` for `0` or `OFF`) and make it kebab-case: `--enable-ggml-cuda`.  
+For options which require arguments like `CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES`, the README says `-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES="86"`. You need strip `-D`, prepend `--`, make it kebab-case, append `=` and append argument: `--cmake-cuda-architectures="86"`.
 
 API
 ---
@@ -246,6 +247,58 @@ whisper.transcribe("path/to/audio.wav", params)
 
 ```
 
+### Tokens ###
+
+Each segment has tokens.
+
+To enable token timestamps, you need to set `Whisper::Params#token_timestamps = true`. Then, retrieve tokens from segments using `Whisper::Segment#each_token`.
+
+```ruby
+whisper = Whisper::Context.new("base.en")
+params = Whisper::Params.new(token_timestamps: true)
+whisper
+  .transcribe("path/to/audio.wav", params)
+  .each_segment do |segment|
+    segment.each_token do |token|
+      token => {start_time:, end_time:, text:, probability:}
+      st = "%05.2fs" % (start_time / 1000.0)
+      et = "%05.2fs" % (end_time / 1000.0)
+      prob = "%.1f%%" % (probability * 100)
+      puts "[#{st} --> #{et}] #{text} (#{prob})"
+    end
+  end
+```
+
+```
+[00.00s --> 00.00s] [_BEG_] (84.2%)
+[00.32s --> 00.37s]  And (71.2%)
+[00.37s --> 00.53s]  so (98.5%)
+[00.69s --> 00.85s]  my (70.7%)
+[00.85s --> 01.59s]  fellow (99.5%)
+[01.59s --> 02.10s]  Americans (90.1%)
+[02.85s --> 03.30s] , (28.4%)
+[03.30s --> 04.14s]  ask (79.8%)
+[04.14s --> 04.28s]  not (78.9%)
+[05.03s --> 05.35s]  what (93.3%)
+[05.41s --> 05.74s]  your (98.8%)
+[05.74s --> 06.41s]  country (99.6%)
+[06.41s --> 06.74s]  can (97.7%)
+[06.74s --> 06.92s]  do (99.0%)
+[07.00s --> 07.00s]  for (95.8%)
+[07.01s --> 07.52s]  you (98.5%)
+[07.81s --> 08.05s] , (49.3%)
+[08.19s --> 08.37s]  ask (65.6%)
+[08.37s --> 08.75s]  what (98.8%)
+[08.91s --> 09.04s]  you (98.2%)
+[09.04s --> 09.32s]  can (96.9%)
+[09.32s --> 09.38s]  do (90.3%)
+[09.44s --> 09.76s]  for (91.8%)
+[09.76s --> 09.99s]  your (98.2%)
+[10.02s --> 10.36s]  country (99.6%)
+[10.51s --> 10.99s] . (87.0%)
+[11.00s --> 11.00s] [_TT_550] (7.6%)
+```
+
 ### Models ###
 
 You can see model information:
@@ -322,7 +375,68 @@ whisper
   end
 ```
 
-The second argument `samples` may be an array, an object with `length` and `each` method, or a MemoryView. If you can prepare audio data as C array and export it as a MemoryView, whispercpp accepts and works with it with zero copy.
+The second argument `samples` may be an array, an object with `length` and `each` method, or a MemoryView.
+
+If you can prepare audio data as C array and export it as a MemoryView, whispercpp accepts and works with it with zero copy.
+
+```ruby
+require "torchaudio"
+require "arrow-numo-narray"
+require "whisper"
+
+waveform, sample_rate = TorchAudio.load("test/fixtures/jfk.wav")
+# Convert Torch::Tensor to Arrow::Array via Numo::NArray
+samples = waveform.squeeze.numo.to_arrow.to_arrow_array
+
+whisper = Whisper::Context.new("base")
+whisper
+  # Arrow::Array exports MemoryView
+  .full(Whisper::Params.new, samples)
+```
+
+Custom context params
+---------------------
+
+You can use customize `Whisper::Context`'s behavior using `Whisper::Context::Params`.
+
+```ruby
+context_params = Whisper::Context::Params.new(
+  use_gpu: false,
+  flash_attn: false,
+  # etc
+)
+whisper = Whisper::Context.new("base", context_params)
+```
+
+Using VAD separately from ASR
+-----------------------------
+
+VAD feature itself is useful. You can use it separately from ASR:
+
+```ruby
+vad = Whisper::VAD::Context.new("silero-v6.2.0")
+vad
+  .detect("path/to/audio.wav", Whisper::VAD::Params.new)
+  .each.with_index do |segment, index|
+    segment => {start_time: st, end_time: ed} # `Segment` responds to `#deconstruct_keys`
+
+    puts "[%{nth}: %{st} --> %{ed}]" % {nth: index + 1, st:, ed:}
+  end
+```
+
+You may also low level API `Whisper::VAD::Context#segments_from_samples` as such `Whisper::Context#full`:
+
+```ruby
+# Ruby Array
+reader = WaveFile::Reader.new("path/to/audio.wav", WaveFile::Format.new(:mono, :float, 16000))
+samples = reader.enum_for(:each_buffer).map(&:samples).flatten
+
+# Or, object which exports MemoryView
+waveform, sample_rate = TorchAudio.load("test/fixtures/jfk.wav")
+samples = waveform.squeeze.numo.to_arrow.to_arrow_array
+
+segments = vad.segments_from_samples(Whisper::VAD::Params.new, samples)
+```
 
 Development
 -----------
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/extconf.rb b/bindings/ruby/ext/extconf.rb
index edb7b82ff97..acff501aa3b 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/extconf.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/extconf.rb
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 require_relative "dependencies"
 
 cmake = find_executable("cmake") || abort
-options = Options.new(cmake)
+options = Options.new(cmake).to_s
 have_library("gomp") rescue nil
-libs = Dependencies.new(cmake, options)
+libs = Dependencies.new(cmake, options).to_s
 
+$CFLAGS << " -O3 -march=native"
 $INCFLAGS << " -Isources/include -Isources/ggml/include -Isources/examples"
 $LOCAL_LIBS << " #{libs}"
 $cleanfiles << " build #{libs}"
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/options.rb b/bindings/ruby/ext/options.rb
index 30cda0f8018..ede80c0656b 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/options.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/options.rb
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def configure_metal
   def configure_coreml
     if enabled?("WHISPER_COREML")
       $LDFLAGS << " -framework Foundation -framework CoreML"
-      $CPPFLAGS << " -DRUBY_WHISPER_USE_COREML"
+      $defs << "-DRUBY_WHISPER_USE_COREML"
     end
   end
 
@@ -73,10 +73,13 @@ def option_name(name)
   end
 
   def enabled?(option)
-    if @options[option][1].nil?
+    op = @options[option]
+    raise "Option not exist: #{option}" unless op
+    raise "Option not boolean: #{option}(#{op[0]})" unless op[0] == "BOOL"
+    if op[1].nil?
       cmake_options[option][1]
     else
-      @options[option][1]
+      op[1]
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.c
index 35c196abb41..ba71d4ba594 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.c
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
-#include <ruby.h>
-#include <ruby/memory_view.h>
 #include "ruby_whisper.h"
 
 VALUE mWhisper;
 VALUE mVAD;
 VALUE cContext;
 VALUE cParams;
+VALUE cVADContext;
 VALUE cVADParams;
+VALUE cVADSegments;
+VALUE cVADSegment;
 VALUE eError;
 
 VALUE cSegment;
+VALUE cToken;
 VALUE cModel;
 
 ID id_to_s;
@@ -31,12 +33,17 @@ static bool is_log_callback_finalized = false;
 // High level API
 extern VALUE ruby_whisper_segment_allocate(VALUE klass);
 
-extern void init_ruby_whisper_context(VALUE *mWhisper);
+extern VALUE init_ruby_whisper_context(VALUE *mWhisper);
+extern void init_ruby_whisper_context_params(VALUE *cContext);
 extern void init_ruby_whisper_params(VALUE *mWhisper);
 extern void init_ruby_whisper_error(VALUE *mWhisper);
-extern void init_ruby_whisper_segment(VALUE *mWhisper, VALUE *cSegment);
+extern void init_ruby_whisper_segment(VALUE *mWhisper);
+extern void init_ruby_whisper_token(VALUE *mWhisper);
 extern void init_ruby_whisper_model(VALUE *mWhisper);
 extern void init_ruby_whisper_vad_params(VALUE *mVAD);
+extern void init_ruby_whisper_vad_context(VALUE *mVAD);
+extern void init_ruby_whisper_vad_segment(VALUE *mVAD);
+extern void init_ruby_whisper_vad_segments(VALUE *mVAD);
 extern void register_callbacks(ruby_whisper_params *rwp, VALUE *context);
 
 /*
@@ -148,6 +155,7 @@ void Init_whisper() {
   mWhisper = rb_define_module("Whisper");
   mVAD = rb_define_module_under(mWhisper, "VAD");
 
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "VERSION", rb_str_new2(whisper_version()));
   rb_define_const(mWhisper, "LOG_LEVEL_NONE", INT2NUM(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_NONE));
   rb_define_const(mWhisper, "LOG_LEVEL_INFO", INT2NUM(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_INFO));
   rb_define_const(mWhisper, "LOG_LEVEL_WARN", INT2NUM(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_WARN));
@@ -155,6 +163,22 @@ void Init_whisper() {
   rb_define_const(mWhisper, "LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG", INT2NUM(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG));
   rb_define_const(mWhisper, "LOG_LEVEL_CONT", INT2NUM(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_CONT));
 
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_NONE", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_NONE));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_N_TOP_MOST", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_N_TOP_MOST));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_CUSTOM", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_CUSTOM));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_TINY_EN", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_TINY_EN));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_TINY", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_TINY));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_BASE_EN", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_BASE_EN));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_BASE", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_BASE));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_SMALL_EN", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_SMALL_EN));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_SMALL", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_SMALL));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_MEDIUM_EN", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_MEDIUM_EN));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_MEDIUM", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_MEDIUM));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_LARGE_V1", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_LARGE_V1));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_LARGE_V2", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_LARGE_V2));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_LARGE_V3", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_LARGE_V3));
+  rb_define_const(mWhisper, "AHEADS_LARGE_V3_TURBO", INT2NUM(WHISPER_AHEADS_LARGE_V3_TURBO));
+
   rb_define_singleton_method(mWhisper, "lang_max_id", ruby_whisper_s_lang_max_id, 0);
   rb_define_singleton_method(mWhisper, "lang_id", ruby_whisper_s_lang_id, 1);
   rb_define_singleton_method(mWhisper, "lang_str", ruby_whisper_s_lang_str, 1);
@@ -163,12 +187,17 @@ void Init_whisper() {
   rb_define_singleton_method(mWhisper, "log_set", ruby_whisper_s_log_set, 2);
   rb_define_private_method(rb_singleton_class(mWhisper), "finalize_log_callback", ruby_whisper_s_finalize_log_callback, 1);
 
-  init_ruby_whisper_context(&mWhisper);
+  cContext = init_ruby_whisper_context(&mWhisper);
+  init_ruby_whisper_context_params(&cContext);
   init_ruby_whisper_params(&mWhisper);
   init_ruby_whisper_error(&mWhisper);
-  init_ruby_whisper_segment(&mWhisper, &cContext);
+  init_ruby_whisper_segment(&mWhisper);
+  init_ruby_whisper_token(&mWhisper);
   init_ruby_whisper_model(&mWhisper);
   init_ruby_whisper_vad_params(&mVAD);
+  init_ruby_whisper_vad_segment(&mVAD);
+  init_ruby_whisper_vad_segments(&mVAD);
+  init_ruby_whisper_vad_context(&mVAD);
 
   rb_require("whisper/context");
   rb_require("whisper/segment");
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.h b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.h
index 65b88122ccf..8dfd103c17a 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.h
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef RUBY_WHISPER_H
 #define RUBY_WHISPER_H
 
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <ruby/memory_view.h>
 #include "whisper.h"
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -14,6 +16,10 @@ typedef struct {
   struct whisper_context *context;
 } ruby_whisper;
 
+typedef struct ruby_whisper_context_params {
+  struct whisper_context_params params;
+} ruby_whisper_context_params;
+
 typedef struct {
   struct whisper_full_params params;
   bool diarize;
@@ -33,8 +39,69 @@ typedef struct {
   int index;
 } ruby_whisper_segment;
 
+typedef struct {
+  whisper_token_data *token_data;
+  VALUE text;
+} ruby_whisper_token;
+
 typedef struct {
   VALUE context;
 } ruby_whisper_model;
 
+typedef struct {
+  struct whisper_vad_segments *segments;
+} ruby_whisper_vad_segments;
+
+typedef struct {
+  VALUE segments;
+  int index;
+} ruby_whisper_vad_segment;
+
+typedef struct {
+  struct whisper_vad_context *context;
+} ruby_whisper_vad_context;
+
+typedef struct parsed_samples_t {
+  float *samples;
+  int n_samples;
+  rb_memory_view_t memview;
+  bool memview_exported;
+} parsed_samples_t;
+
+#define GetContext(obj, rw) do { \
+  TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, (rw)); \
+  if ((rw)->context == NULL) { \
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Not initialized"); \
+  } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GetContextParams(obj, rwcp) do { \
+  TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), ruby_whisper_context_params, &ruby_whisper_context_params_type, (rwcp)); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GetToken(obj, rwt) do { \
+  TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), ruby_whisper_token, &ruby_whisper_token_type, (rwt)); \
+  if ((rwt)->token_data == NULL) { \
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Not initialized"); \
+  } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GetVADContext(obj, rwvc) do { \
+    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), ruby_whisper_vad_context, &ruby_whisper_vad_context_type, (rwvc)); \
+    if ((rwvc)->context == NULL) { \
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Not initialized"); \
+    } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GetVADParams(obj, rwvp) do { \
+  TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), ruby_whisper_vad_params, &ruby_whisper_vad_params_type, (rwvp)); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GetVADSegments(obj, rwvss) do { \
+  TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), ruby_whisper_vad_segments, &ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type, (rwvss)); \
+  if ((rwvss)->segments == NULL) { \
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Not initialized"); \
+  } \
+} while (0)
+
 #endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_context.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_context.c
index bc0c6e99194..c39d43bd76c 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_context.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_context.c
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#include <ruby.h>
-#include <ruby/memory_view.h>
 #include "ruby_whisper.h"
 
 extern ID id_to_s;
@@ -20,6 +18,7 @@ extern VALUE eError;
 extern VALUE cModel;
 
 extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_params_type;
+extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_context_params_type;
 extern VALUE ruby_whisper_transcribe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
 extern VALUE rb_whisper_model_s_new(VALUE context);
 extern VALUE rb_whisper_segment_s_new(VALUE context, int index);
@@ -27,6 +26,27 @@ extern void prepare_transcription(ruby_whisper_params *rwp, VALUE *context);
 
 ID transcribe_option_names[1];
 
+typedef struct fill_samples_args {
+  float *dest;
+  VALUE *src;
+  int n_samples;
+} fill_samples_args;
+
+typedef struct full_args {
+  VALUE *context;
+  VALUE *params;
+  float *samples;
+  int n_samples;
+} full_args;
+
+typedef struct full_parallel_args {
+  VALUE *context;
+  VALUE *params;
+  float *samples;
+  int n_samples;
+  int n_processors;
+} full_parallel_args;
+
 static void
 ruby_whisper_free(ruby_whisper *rw)
 {
@@ -124,16 +144,25 @@ ruby_whisper_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
   VALUE whisper_model_file_path;
+  VALUE context_params;
+  struct whisper_context_params params;
 
   // TODO: we can support init from buffer here too maybe another ruby object to expose
-  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &whisper_model_file_path);
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &whisper_model_file_path, &context_params);
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
 
   whisper_model_file_path = ruby_whisper_normalize_model_path(whisper_model_file_path);
   if (!rb_respond_to(whisper_model_file_path, id_to_s)) {
     rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Expected file path to model to initialize Whisper::Context");
   }
-  rw->context = whisper_init_from_file_with_params(StringValueCStr(whisper_model_file_path), whisper_context_default_params());
+  if (NIL_P(context_params)) {
+    params = whisper_context_default_params();
+  } else {
+    ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp;
+    GetContextParams(context_params, rwcp);
+    params = rwcp->params;
+  }
+  rw->context = whisper_init_from_file_with_params(StringValueCStr(whisper_model_file_path), params);
   if (rw->context == NULL) {
     rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "error: failed to initialize whisper context");
   }
@@ -147,7 +176,7 @@ ruby_whisper_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_vocab(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_vocab(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +187,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_vocab(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_ctx(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_ctx(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -169,7 +198,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_ctx(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_state(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_state(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -180,7 +209,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_state(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_head(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_head(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -191,7 +220,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_head(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_layer(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_layer(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -202,7 +231,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_layer(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_ctx(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_ctx(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -213,7 +242,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_ctx(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_state(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_state(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +253,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_state(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_head(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_head(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +264,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_head(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_layer(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_layer(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -246,7 +275,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_text_layer(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_mels(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_mels(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +286,7 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_n_mels(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_ftype(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_ftype(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -268,86 +297,179 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_model_ftype(VALUE self)
 VALUE ruby_whisper_model_type(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return rb_str_new2(whisper_model_type_readable(rw->context));
 }
 
-/*
- * Run the entire model: PCM -> log mel spectrogram -> encoder -> decoder -> text
- * Not thread safe for same context
- * Uses the specified decoding strategy to obtain the text.
- *
- * call-seq:
- *   full(params, samples, n_samples) -> nil
- *   full(params, samples) -> nil
- *
- * The second argument +samples+ must be an array of samples, respond to :length, or be a MemoryView of an array of float. It must be 32 bit float PCM audio data.
- */
-VALUE ruby_whisper_full(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+static bool
+check_memory_view(rb_memory_view_t *memview)
 {
-  if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (given %d, expected 2..3)", argc);
+  if (memview->format != NULL && strcmp(memview->format, "f") != 0) {
+    rb_warn("currently only format \"f\" is supported for MemoryView, but given: %s", memview->format);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (memview->format != NULL && memview->ndim != 1) {
+    rb_warn("currently only 1 dimensional MemoryView is supported, but given: %zd", memview->ndim);
+    return false;
   }
 
-  ruby_whisper *rw;
-  ruby_whisper_params *rwp;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
-  VALUE params = argv[0];
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(params, ruby_whisper_params, &ruby_whisper_params_type, rwp);
-  VALUE samples = argv[1];
-  int n_samples;
-  rb_memory_view_t view;
-  const bool memory_view_available_p = rb_memory_view_available_p(samples);
-  if (argc == 3) {
-    n_samples = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
-    if (TYPE(samples) == T_ARRAY) {
-      if (RARRAY_LEN(samples) < n_samples) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples length %ld is less than n_samples %d", RARRAY_LEN(samples), n_samples);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fill_samples(VALUE rb_args)
+{
+  fill_samples_args *args = (fill_samples_args *)rb_args;
+
+  if (RB_TYPE_P(*args->src, T_ARRAY)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < args->n_samples; i++) {
+      args->dest[i] = RFLOAT_VALUE(rb_ary_entry(*args->src, i));
+    }
+  } else {
+    // TODO: use rb_block_call
+    VALUE iter = rb_funcall(*args->src, id_to_enum, 1, rb_str_new2("each"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < args->n_samples; i++) {
+      // TODO: check if iter is exhausted and raise ArgumentError appropriately
+      VALUE sample = rb_funcall(iter, id_next, 0);
+      args->dest[i] = RFLOAT_VALUE(sample);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+struct parsed_samples_t
+parse_samples(VALUE *samples, VALUE *n_samples)
+{
+  bool memview_available = rb_memory_view_available_p(*samples);
+  struct parsed_samples_t parsed = {0};
+  parsed.memview_exported = false;
+  const bool is_array = RB_TYPE_P(*samples, T_ARRAY);
+
+  if (!NIL_P(*n_samples)) {
+    parsed.n_samples = NUM2INT(*n_samples);
+    if (is_array) {
+      if (RARRAY_LEN(*samples) < parsed.n_samples) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples length %ld is less than n_samples %d", RARRAY_LEN(*samples), parsed.n_samples);
       }
     }
     // Should check when samples.respond_to?(:length)?
   } else {
-    if (TYPE(samples) == T_ARRAY) {
-      if (RARRAY_LEN(samples) > INT_MAX) {
+    if (is_array) {
+      if (RARRAY_LEN(*samples) > INT_MAX) {
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples are too long");
       }
-      n_samples = (int)RARRAY_LEN(samples);
-    } else if (memory_view_available_p) {
-      if (!rb_memory_view_get(samples, &view, RUBY_MEMORY_VIEW_SIMPLE)) {
-        view.obj = Qnil;
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unable to get a memory view");
+      parsed.n_samples = (int)RARRAY_LEN(*samples);
+    } else if (memview_available) {
+      bool memview_got = rb_memory_view_get(*samples, &parsed.memview, RUBY_MEMORY_VIEW_SIMPLE);
+      if (memview_got) {
+        parsed.memview_exported = check_memory_view(&parsed.memview);
+        if (!parsed.memview_exported) {
+          rb_memory_view_release(&parsed.memview);
+          parsed.memview = (rb_memory_view_t){0};
+        }
       }
-      ssize_t n_samples_size = view.byte_size / view.item_size;
-      if (n_samples_size > INT_MAX) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples are too long");
+      if (parsed.memview_exported) {
+        ssize_t n_samples_size = parsed.memview.byte_size / parsed.memview.item_size;
+        if (n_samples_size > INT_MAX) {
+          rb_memory_view_release(&parsed.memview);
+          rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples are too long: %zd", n_samples_size);
+        }
+        parsed.n_samples = (int)n_samples_size;
+      } else {
+        rb_warn("unable to get a memory view. falls back to Ruby object");
+        if (rb_respond_to(*samples, id_length)) {
+          parsed.n_samples = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(*samples, id_length, 0));
+        } else {
+          rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples must respond to :length");
+        }
       }
-      n_samples = (int)n_samples_size;
-    } else if (rb_respond_to(samples, id_length)) {
-      n_samples = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(samples, id_length, 0));
+    } else if (rb_respond_to(*samples, id_length)) {
+      parsed.n_samples = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(*samples, id_length, 0));
     } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples must respond to :length or be a MemoryView of an array of flaot when n_samples is not given");
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples must respond to :length or be a MemoryView of an array of float when n_samples is not given");
     }
   }
-  float * c_samples = (float *)malloc(n_samples * sizeof(float));
-  if (memory_view_available_p)  {
-    c_samples = (float *)view.data;
+
+  if (parsed.memview_exported)  {
+    parsed.samples = (float *)parsed.memview.data;
   } else {
-    if (TYPE(samples) == T_ARRAY) {
-      for (int i = 0; i < n_samples; i++) {
-        c_samples[i] = RFLOAT_VALUE(rb_ary_entry(samples, i));
-      }
-    } else {
-      // TODO: use rb_block_call
-      VALUE iter = rb_funcall(samples, id_to_enum, 1, rb_str_new2("each"));
-      for (int i = 0; i < n_samples; i++) {
-        // TODO: check if iter is exhausted and raise ArgumentError appropriately
-        VALUE sample = rb_funcall(iter, id_next, 0);
-        c_samples[i] = RFLOAT_VALUE(sample);
-      }
+    parsed.samples = ALLOC_N(float, parsed.n_samples);
+    fill_samples_args args = {
+      parsed.samples,
+      samples,
+      parsed.n_samples,
+    };
+    int state;
+    rb_protect(fill_samples, (VALUE)&args, &state);
+    if (state) {
+      xfree(parsed.samples);
+      rb_jump_tag(state);
     }
   }
-  prepare_transcription(rwp, &self);
-  const int result = whisper_full(rw->context, rwp->params, c_samples, n_samples);
+
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+VALUE
+release_samples(VALUE rb_parsed_args)
+{
+  parsed_samples_t *parsed_args = (parsed_samples_t *)rb_parsed_args;
+
+  if (parsed_args->memview_exported) {
+    rb_memory_view_release(&parsed_args->memview);
+  } else {
+    xfree(parsed_args->samples);
+  }
+  *parsed_args = (parsed_samples_t){0};
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+full_body(VALUE rb_args)
+{
+  full_args *args = (full_args *)rb_args;
+
+  ruby_whisper *rw;
+  ruby_whisper_params *rwp;
+  GetContext(*args->context, rw);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(*args->params, ruby_whisper_params, &ruby_whisper_params_type, rwp);
+
+  prepare_transcription(rwp, args->context);
+  int result = whisper_full(rw->context, rwp->params, args->samples, args->n_samples);
+
+  return INT2NUM(result);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run the entire model: PCM -> log mel spectrogram -> encoder -> decoder -> text
+ * Not thread safe for same context
+ * Uses the specified decoding strategy to obtain the text.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   full(params, samples, n_samples) -> nil
+ *   full(params, samples) -> nil
+ *
+ * The second argument +samples+ must be an array of samples, respond to :length, or be a MemoryView of an array of float. It must be 32 bit float PCM audio data.
+ */
+VALUE ruby_whisper_full(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+  if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (given %d, expected 2..3)", argc);
+  }
+
+  VALUE n_samples = argc == 2 ? Qnil : argv[2];
+
+  struct parsed_samples_t parsed = parse_samples(&argv[1], &n_samples);
+  full_args args = {
+    &self,
+    &argv[0],
+    parsed.samples,
+    parsed.n_samples,
+  };
+  VALUE rb_result = rb_ensure(full_body, (VALUE)&args, release_samples, (VALUE)&parsed);
+  const int result = NUM2INT(rb_result);
   if (0 == result) {
     return self;
   } else {
@@ -355,6 +477,22 @@ VALUE ruby_whisper_full(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
   }
 }
 
+static VALUE
+full_parallel_body(VALUE rb_args)
+{
+  full_parallel_args *args = (full_parallel_args *)rb_args;
+
+  ruby_whisper *rw;
+  ruby_whisper_params *rwp;
+  GetContext(*args->context, rw);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(*args->params, ruby_whisper_params, &ruby_whisper_params_type, rwp);
+
+  prepare_transcription(rwp, args->context);
+  int result = whisper_full_parallel(rw->context, rwp->params, args->samples, args->n_samples, args->n_processors);
+
+  return INT2NUM(result);
+}
+
 /*
  * Split the input audio in chunks and process each chunk separately using whisper_full_with_state()
  * Result is stored in the default state of the context
@@ -372,19 +510,11 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_parallel(int argc, VALUE *argv,VALUE self)
 {
   if (argc < 2 || argc > 4) {
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (given %d, expected 2..3)", argc);
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (given %d, expected 2..4)", argc);
   }
 
-  ruby_whisper *rw;
-  ruby_whisper_params *rwp;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
-  VALUE params = argv[0];
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(params, ruby_whisper_params, &ruby_whisper_params_type, rwp);
-  VALUE samples = argv[1];
-  int n_samples;
+  VALUE n_samples = argc == 2 ? Qnil : argv[2];
   int n_processors;
-  rb_memory_view_t view;
-  const bool memory_view_available_p = rb_memory_view_available_p(samples);
   switch (argc) {
   case 2:
     n_processors = 1;
@@ -396,56 +526,16 @@ ruby_whisper_full_parallel(int argc, VALUE *argv,VALUE self)
     n_processors = NUM2INT(argv[3]);
     break;
   }
-  if (argc >= 3 && !NIL_P(argv[2])) {
-    n_samples = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
-    if (TYPE(samples) == T_ARRAY) {
-      if (RARRAY_LEN(samples) < n_samples) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples length %ld is less than n_samples %d", RARRAY_LEN(samples), n_samples);
-      }
-    }
-    // Should check when samples.respond_to?(:length)?
-  } else if (memory_view_available_p) {
-    if (!rb_memory_view_get(samples, &view, RUBY_MEMORY_VIEW_SIMPLE)) {
-      view.obj = Qnil;
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unable to get a memory view");
-    }
-    ssize_t n_samples_size = view.byte_size / view.item_size;
-    if (n_samples_size > INT_MAX) {
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples are too long");
-    }
-    n_samples = (int)n_samples_size;
-  } else {
-    if (TYPE(samples) == T_ARRAY) {
-      if (RARRAY_LEN(samples) > INT_MAX) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples are too long");
-      }
-      n_samples = (int)RARRAY_LEN(samples);
-    } else if (rb_respond_to(samples, id_length)) {
-      n_samples = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(samples, id_length, 0));
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "samples must respond to :length or be a MemoryView of an array of flaot when n_samples is not given");
-    }
-  }
-  float * c_samples = (float *)malloc(n_samples * sizeof(float));
-  if (memory_view_available_p) {
-    c_samples = (float *)view.data;
-  } else {
-    if (TYPE(samples) == T_ARRAY) {
-      for (int i = 0; i < n_samples; i++) {
-        c_samples[i] = RFLOAT_VALUE(rb_ary_entry(samples, i));
-      }
-    } else {
-      // FIXME: use rb_block_call
-      VALUE iter = rb_funcall(samples, id_to_enum, 1, rb_str_new2("each"));
-      for (int i = 0; i < n_samples; i++) {
-        // TODO: check if iter is exhausted and raise ArgumentError
-        VALUE sample = rb_funcall(iter, id_next, 0);
-        c_samples[i] = RFLOAT_VALUE(sample);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  prepare_transcription(rwp, &self);
-  const int result = whisper_full_parallel(rw->context, rwp->params, c_samples, n_samples, n_processors);
+  struct parsed_samples_t parsed = parse_samples(&argv[1], &n_samples);
+  const full_parallel_args args = {
+    &self,
+    &argv[0],
+    parsed.samples,
+    parsed.n_samples,
+    n_processors,
+  };
+  const VALUE rb_result = rb_ensure(full_parallel_body, (VALUE)&args, release_samples, (VALUE)&parsed);
+  const int result = NUM2INT(rb_result);
   if (0 == result) {
     return self;
   } else {
@@ -463,7 +553,7 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_n_segments(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_full_n_segments(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -477,7 +567,7 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_lang_id(VALUE self)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_full_lang_id(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -502,7 +592,7 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_get_segment_t0(VALUE self, VALUE i_segment)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   const int c_i_segment = ruby_whisper_full_check_segment_index(rw, i_segment);
   const int64_t t0 = whisper_full_get_segment_t0(rw->context, c_i_segment);
   return LONG2NUM(t0);
@@ -520,7 +610,7 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_get_segment_t1(VALUE self, VALUE i_segment)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   const int c_i_segment = ruby_whisper_full_check_segment_index(rw, i_segment);
   const int64_t t1 = whisper_full_get_segment_t1(rw->context, c_i_segment);
   return LONG2NUM(t1);
@@ -538,7 +628,7 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_get_segment_speaker_turn_next(VALUE self, VALUE i_segment)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   const int c_i_segment = ruby_whisper_full_check_segment_index(rw, i_segment);
   const bool speaker_turn_next = whisper_full_get_segment_speaker_turn_next(rw->context, c_i_segment);
   return speaker_turn_next ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
@@ -556,7 +646,7 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_get_segment_text(VALUE self, VALUE i_segment)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   const int c_i_segment = ruby_whisper_full_check_segment_index(rw, i_segment);
   const char * text = whisper_full_get_segment_text(rw->context, c_i_segment);
   return rb_str_new2(text);
@@ -570,7 +660,7 @@ static VALUE
 ruby_whisper_full_get_segment_no_speech_prob(VALUE self, VALUE i_segment)
 {
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   const int c_i_segment = ruby_whisper_full_check_segment_index(rw, i_segment);
   const float no_speech_prob = whisper_full_get_segment_no_speech_prob(rw->context, c_i_segment);
   return DBL2NUM(no_speech_prob);
@@ -611,7 +701,7 @@ ruby_whisper_each_segment(VALUE self)
   }
 
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
 
   const int n_segments = whisper_full_n_segments(rw->context);
   for (int i = 0; i < n_segments; ++i) {
@@ -631,7 +721,7 @@ ruby_whisper_get_model(VALUE self)
   return rb_whisper_model_s_new(self);
 }
 
-void
+VALUE
 init_ruby_whisper_context(VALUE *mWhisper)
 {
   cContext = rb_define_class_under(*mWhisper, "Context", rb_cObject);
@@ -669,4 +759,6 @@ init_ruby_whisper_context(VALUE *mWhisper)
   rb_define_method(cContext, "each_segment", ruby_whisper_each_segment, 0);
 
   rb_define_method(cContext, "model", ruby_whisper_get_model, 0);
+
+  return cContext;
 }
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_context_params.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_context_params.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87df21d4b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_context_params.c
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#include "ruby_whisper.h"
+
+#define NUM_PARAMS 6
+
+#define DEF_BOOLEAN_ATTR_METHOD(name) \
+static VALUE \
+ruby_whisper_context_params_get_ ## name(VALUE self) { \
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp; \
+  GetContextParams(self, rwcp); \
+  return rwcp->params.name ? Qtrue : Qfalse; \
+} \
+static VALUE \
+ruby_whisper_context_params_set_ ## name(VALUE self, VALUE value) { \
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp; \
+  GetContextParams(self, rwcp); \
+  rwcp->params.name = RTEST(value); \
+  return value; \
+}
+
+#define DEF_INT_ATTR_METHOD(name) \
+static VALUE \
+ruby_whisper_context_params_get_ ## name(VALUE self) { \
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp; \
+  GetContextParams(self, rwcp); \
+  return INT2NUM(rwcp->params.name); \
+} \
+static VALUE \
+ruby_whisper_context_params_set_ ## name(VALUE self, VALUE value) { \
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp; \
+  GetContextParams(self, rwcp); \
+  rwcp->params.name = NUM2INT(value); \
+  return value; \
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_PARAM(param_name, nth) \
+  id_ ## param_name = rb_intern(#param_name); \
+  param_names[nth] = id_ ## param_name; \
+  rb_define_method(cContextParams, #param_name, ruby_whisper_context_params_get_ ## param_name, 0); \
+  rb_define_method(cContextParams, #param_name "=", ruby_whisper_context_params_set_ ## param_name, 1);
+
+VALUE cContextParams;
+
+static ID param_names[NUM_PARAMS];
+static ID id_use_gpu;
+static ID id_flash_attn;
+static ID id_gpu_device;
+static ID id_dtw_token_timestamps;
+static ID id_dtw_aheads_preset;
+static ID id_dtw_n_top;
+
+static size_t
+ruby_whisper_context_params_memsize(const void *p)
+{
+  const ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp = (ruby_whisper_context_params *)p;
+  if (!rwcp) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return sizeof(ruby_whisper_context_params);
+}
+
+const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_context_params_type = {
+  "ruby_whisper_context_params",
+  {0, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, ruby_whisper_context_params_memsize,},
+  0, 0,
+  0
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_context_params_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp;
+  return TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, ruby_whisper_context_params, &ruby_whisper_context_params_type, rwcp);
+}
+
+DEF_BOOLEAN_ATTR_METHOD(use_gpu);
+DEF_BOOLEAN_ATTR_METHOD(flash_attn);
+DEF_INT_ATTR_METHOD(gpu_device);
+DEF_BOOLEAN_ATTR_METHOD(dtw_token_timestamps);
+DEF_INT_ATTR_METHOD(dtw_aheads_preset);
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_context_params_get_dtw_n_top(VALUE self) {
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp;
+  GetContextParams(self, rwcp);
+
+  int dtw_n_top = rwcp->params.dtw_n_top;
+
+  return dtw_n_top == -1 ? Qnil : INT2NUM(dtw_n_top);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_context_params_set_dtw_n_top(VALUE self, VALUE value) {
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp;
+  GetContextParams(self, rwcp);
+
+  rwcp->params.dtw_n_top = NIL_P(value) ? -1 : NUM2INT(value);
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+#define SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(param_name) \
+  if (id == id_ ## param_name) { \
+    ruby_whisper_context_params_set_ ## param_name(self, value); \
+    continue; \
+  }
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_context_params_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_context_params *rwcp;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_context_params, &ruby_whisper_context_params_type, rwcp);
+  rwcp->params = whisper_context_default_params();
+
+  VALUE kw_hash;
+  rb_scan_args_kw(RB_SCAN_ARGS_KEYWORDS, argc, argv, ":", &kw_hash);
+  if (NIL_P(kw_hash)) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  VALUE values[NUM_PARAMS] = {Qundef};
+  rb_get_kwargs(kw_hash, param_names, 0, NUM_PARAMS, values);
+
+  ID id;
+  VALUE value;
+  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_PARAMS; i++) {
+    id = param_names[i];
+    value = values[i];
+    if (value == Qundef) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(use_gpu)
+    SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(flash_attn)
+    SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(gpu_device)
+    SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(dtw_token_timestamps)
+    SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(dtw_aheads_preset)
+    SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(dtw_n_top)
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+#undef SET_PARAM_IF_SAME
+
+void
+init_ruby_whisper_context_params(VALUE *cContext)
+{
+  cContextParams = rb_define_class_under(*cContext, "Params", rb_cObject);
+
+  rb_define_alloc_func(cContextParams, ruby_whisper_context_params_s_allocate);
+  rb_define_method(cContextParams, "initialize", ruby_whisper_context_params_initialize, -1);
+
+  DEFINE_PARAM(use_gpu, 0)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(flash_attn, 1)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(gpu_device, 2)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(dtw_token_timestamps, 3)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(dtw_aheads_preset, 4)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(dtw_n_top, 5)
+}
+
+#undef DEFINE_PARAM
+#undef DEF_INT_ATTR_METHOD
+#undef DEF_BOOLEAN_ATTR_METHOD
+#undef NUM_PARAMS
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_model.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_model.c
index c6f3351e622..0e91fb3f87f 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_model.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_model.c
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <ruby.h>
 #include "ruby_whisper.h"
 
 extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_type;
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_vocab(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_vocab(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_ctx(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_ctx(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_state(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_state(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_head(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_head(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_audio_layer(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_audio_layer(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_text_ctx(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_ctx(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_text_state(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_state(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_text_head(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_head(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_text_layer(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_text_layer(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_n_mels(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_n_mels(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_ftype(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return INT2NUM(whisper_model_ftype(rw->context));
 }
 
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ ruby_whisper_model_type(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_model *rwm;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_model, &rb_whisper_model_type, rwm);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwm->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rwm->context, rw);
   return rb_str_new2(whisper_model_type_readable(rw->context));
 }
 
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_params.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_params.c
index 71337c818c3..61eb1733676 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_params.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_params.c
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <ruby.h>
 #include "ruby_whisper.h"
 
 #define BOOL_PARAMS_SETTER(self, prop, value) \
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@
   rb_define_method(cParams, #param_name, ruby_whisper_params_get_ ## param_name, 0); \
   rb_define_method(cParams, #param_name "=", ruby_whisper_params_set_ ## param_name, 1);
 
-#define RUBY_WHISPER_PARAMS_PARAM_NAMES_COUNT 35
+#define RUBY_WHISPER_PARAMS_PARAM_NAMES_COUNT 37
 
 extern VALUE cParams;
 extern VALUE cVADParams;
@@ -46,9 +45,11 @@ static ID id_print_special;
 static ID id_print_progress;
 static ID id_print_realtime;
 static ID id_print_timestamps;
+static ID id_carry_initial_prompt;
 static ID id_suppress_blank;
 static ID id_suppress_nst;
 static ID id_token_timestamps;
+static ID id_max_len;
 static ID id_split_on_word;
 static ID id_initial_prompt;
 static ID id_diarize;
@@ -426,6 +427,7 @@ ruby_whisper_params_set_print_realtime(VALUE self, VALUE value)
 }
 /*
  * If true, prints results from within whisper.cpp. (avoid it, use callback instead)
+ *
  * call-seq:
  *   print_realtime -> bool
  */
@@ -454,6 +456,26 @@ ruby_whisper_params_get_print_timestamps(VALUE self)
 {
   BOOL_PARAMS_GETTER(self, print_timestamps)
 }
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    carry_initial_prompt -> true or false
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_params_get_carry_initial_prompt(VALUE self)
+{
+  BOOL_PARAMS_GETTER(self, carry_initial_prompt)
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    carry_initial_prompt = bool -> bool
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_params_set_carry_initial_prompt(VALUE self, VALUE value)
+{
+  BOOL_PARAMS_SETTER(self, carry_initial_prompt, value)
+}
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   suppress_blank = force_suppress -> force_suppress
@@ -514,6 +536,33 @@ ruby_whisper_params_set_token_timestamps(VALUE self, VALUE value)
 {
   BOOL_PARAMS_SETTER(self, token_timestamps, value)
 }
+
+/*
+ * max segment length in characters.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   max_len -> Integer
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_params_get_max_len(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_params *rwp;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_params, &ruby_whisper_params_type, rwp);
+  return INT2NUM(rwp->params.max_len);
+}
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   max_len = length -> length
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_params_set_max_len(VALUE self, VALUE value)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_params *rwp;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_params, &ruby_whisper_params_type, rwp);
+  rwp->params.max_len = NUM2INT(value);
+  return value;
+}
+
 /*
  * If true, split on word rather than on token (when used with max_len).
  *
@@ -1137,8 +1186,10 @@ ruby_whisper_params_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(suppress_blank)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(suppress_nst)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(token_timestamps)
+      SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(max_len)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(split_on_word)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(initial_prompt)
+      SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(carry_initial_prompt)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(offset)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(duration)
       SET_PARAM_IF_SAME(max_text_tokens)
@@ -1271,30 +1322,32 @@ init_ruby_whisper_params(VALUE *mWhisper)
   DEFINE_PARAM(suppress_blank, 8)
   DEFINE_PARAM(suppress_nst, 9)
   DEFINE_PARAM(token_timestamps, 10)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(split_on_word, 11)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(initial_prompt, 12)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(diarize, 13)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(offset, 14)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(duration, 15)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(max_text_tokens, 16)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(temperature, 17)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(max_initial_ts, 18)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(length_penalty, 19)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(temperature_inc, 20)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(entropy_thold, 21)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(logprob_thold, 22)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(no_speech_thold, 23)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(new_segment_callback, 24)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(new_segment_callback_user_data, 25)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(progress_callback, 26)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(progress_callback_user_data, 27)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(encoder_begin_callback, 28)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(encoder_begin_callback_user_data, 29)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(abort_callback, 30)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(abort_callback_user_data, 31)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(vad, 32)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(vad_model_path, 33)
-  DEFINE_PARAM(vad_params, 34)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(max_len, 11)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(split_on_word, 12)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(initial_prompt, 13)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(carry_initial_prompt, 14)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(diarize, 15)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(offset, 16)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(duration, 17)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(max_text_tokens, 18)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(temperature, 19)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(max_initial_ts, 20)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(length_penalty, 21)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(temperature_inc, 22)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(entropy_thold, 23)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(logprob_thold, 24)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(no_speech_thold, 25)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(new_segment_callback, 26)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(new_segment_callback_user_data, 27)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(progress_callback, 28)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(progress_callback_user_data, 29)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(encoder_begin_callback, 30)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(encoder_begin_callback_user_data, 31)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(abort_callback, 32)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(abort_callback_user_data, 33)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(vad, 34)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(vad_model_path, 35)
+  DEFINE_PARAM(vad_params, 36)
 
   rb_define_method(cParams, "on_new_segment", ruby_whisper_params_on_new_segment, 0);
   rb_define_method(cParams, "on_progress", ruby_whisper_params_on_progress, 0);
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_segment.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_segment.c
index a303187cbdd..ee0d66c4cc8 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_segment.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_segment.c
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
-#include <ruby.h>
 #include "ruby_whisper.h"
 
-#define N_KEY_NAMES 5
+#define N_KEY_NAMES 6
 
+extern ID id___method__;
+extern ID id_to_enum;
 static VALUE sym_start_time;
 static VALUE sym_end_time;
 static VALUE sym_text;
 static VALUE sym_no_speech_prob;
 static VALUE sym_speaker_turn_next;
-static VALUE key_names;
+static VALUE sym_n_tokens;
 
 extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_type;
 
 extern VALUE cSegment;
 
+extern VALUE ruby_whisper_token_s_init(struct whisper_context *context, int i_segment, int index);
+
 static void
 rb_whisper_segment_mark(void *p)
 {
@@ -29,6 +32,9 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_memsize(const void *p)
   if (!rws) {
     return 0;
   }
+  if (rws->index) {
+    size += sizeof(rws->index);
+  }
   return size;
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +75,7 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_get_start_time(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rws->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
   const int64_t t0 = whisper_full_get_segment_t0(rw->context, rws->index);
   // able to multiply 10 without overflow because to_timestamp() in whisper.cpp does it
   return LONG2NUM(t0 * 10);
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_get_end_time(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rws->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
   const int64_t t1 = whisper_full_get_segment_t1(rw->context, rws->index);
   // able to multiply 10 without overflow because to_timestamp() in whisper.cpp does it
   return LONG2NUM(t1 * 10);
@@ -105,7 +111,7 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_get_speaker_turn_next(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rws->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
   return whisper_full_get_segment_speaker_turn_next(rw->context, rws->index) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -119,7 +125,7 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_get_text(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rws->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
   const char * text = whisper_full_get_segment_text(rw->context, rws->index);
   return rb_str_new2(text);
 }
@@ -134,15 +140,67 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_get_no_speech_prob(VALUE self)
   ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rws->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
   return DBL2NUM(whisper_full_get_segment_no_speech_prob(rw->context, rws->index));
 }
 
+/*
+ * Get number of tokens in the segment
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   n_tokens -> Integer
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_segment_get_n_tokens(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
+  ruby_whisper *rw;
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
+  return INT2NUM(whisper_full_n_tokens(rw->context, rws->index));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Yields each Whisper::Token:
+ *
+ *   whisper.each_segment.first.each_token do |token|
+ *     p token
+ *   end
+ *
+ * Returns an Enumerator if no block is given:
+ *
+ *   whisper.each_segment.first.each_token.to_a # => [#<Whisper::Token>, ...]
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   each_token {|token| ... }
+ *   each_token -> Enumerator
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_segment_each_token(VALUE self)
+{
+  if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+    const VALUE method_name = rb_funcall(self, id___method__, 0);
+    return rb_funcall(self, id_to_enum, 1, method_name);
+  }
+
+  ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
+  ruby_whisper *rw;
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
+
+  const int n_tokens = whisper_full_n_tokens(rw->context, rws->index);
+  for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
+    rb_yield(ruby_whisper_token_s_init(rw->context, rws->index, i));
+  }
+
+  return self;
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *   deconstruct_keys(keys) -> hash
  *
- *  Possible keys: :start_time, :end_time, :text, :no_speech_prob, :speaker_turn_next
+ *  Possible keys: :start_time, :end_time, :text, :no_speech_prob, :speaker_turn_next, :n_tokens
  *
  *   whisper.each_segment do |segment|
  *     segment => {start_time:, end_time:, text:, no_speech_prob:, speaker_turn_next:}
@@ -156,12 +214,19 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_deconstruct_keys(VALUE self, VALUE keys)
   ruby_whisper_segment *rws;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_segment, &ruby_whisper_segment_type, rws);
   ruby_whisper *rw;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(rws->context, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(rws->context, rw);
 
   VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
   long n_keys;
   if (NIL_P(keys)) {
-    keys = key_names;
+    keys = rb_ary_new3(
+      N_KEY_NAMES,
+      sym_start_time,
+      sym_end_time,
+      sym_text,
+      sym_no_speech_prob,
+      sym_speaker_turn_next
+    );
     n_keys = N_KEY_NAMES;
   } else {
     n_keys = RARRAY_LEN(keys);
@@ -186,13 +251,16 @@ ruby_whisper_segment_deconstruct_keys(VALUE self, VALUE keys)
     if (key == sym_speaker_turn_next) {
       rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_segment_get_speaker_turn_next(self));
     }
+    if (key == sym_n_tokens) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_segment_get_n_tokens(self));
+    }
   }
 
   return hash;
 }
 
 void
-init_ruby_whisper_segment(VALUE *mWhisper, VALUE *cContext)
+init_ruby_whisper_segment(VALUE *mWhisper)
 {
   cSegment  = rb_define_class_under(*mWhisper, "Segment", rb_cObject);
 
@@ -201,14 +269,7 @@ init_ruby_whisper_segment(VALUE *mWhisper, VALUE *cContext)
   sym_text = ID2SYM(rb_intern("text"));
   sym_no_speech_prob = ID2SYM(rb_intern("no_speech_prob"));
   sym_speaker_turn_next = ID2SYM(rb_intern("speaker_turn_next"));
-  key_names = rb_ary_new3(
-    N_KEY_NAMES,
-    sym_start_time,
-    sym_end_time,
-    sym_text,
-    sym_no_speech_prob,
-    sym_speaker_turn_next
-  );
+  sym_n_tokens = ID2SYM(rb_intern("n_tokens"));
 
   rb_define_alloc_func(cSegment, ruby_whisper_segment_allocate);
   rb_define_method(cSegment, "start_time", ruby_whisper_segment_get_start_time, 0);
@@ -216,5 +277,8 @@ init_ruby_whisper_segment(VALUE *mWhisper, VALUE *cContext)
   rb_define_method(cSegment, "speaker_turn_next?", ruby_whisper_segment_get_speaker_turn_next, 0);
   rb_define_method(cSegment, "text", ruby_whisper_segment_get_text, 0);
   rb_define_method(cSegment, "no_speech_prob", ruby_whisper_segment_get_no_speech_prob, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cSegment, "n_tokens", ruby_whisper_segment_get_n_tokens, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cSegment, "each_token", ruby_whisper_segment_each_token, 0);
   rb_define_method(cSegment, "deconstruct_keys", ruby_whisper_segment_deconstruct_keys, 1);
 }
+#undef N_KEY_NAMES
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_token.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_token.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73f5a547daf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_token.c
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+#include "ruby_whisper.h"
+
+#define N_KEY_NAMES 11
+
+extern VALUE cToken;
+extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_type;
+
+static VALUE sym_id;
+static VALUE sym_tid;
+static VALUE sym_probability;
+static VALUE sym_log_probability;
+static VALUE sym_pt;
+static VALUE sym_ptsum;
+static VALUE sym_t_dtw;
+static VALUE sym_voice_length;
+static VALUE sym_start_time;
+static VALUE sym_end_time;
+static VALUE sym_text;
+
+static size_t
+ruby_whisper_token_memsize(const void *p)
+{
+  const ruby_whisper_token *rwt = (const ruby_whisper_token *)p;
+  if (!rwt) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  size_t size = sizeof(*rwt);
+  if (rwt->token_data) {
+    size += sizeof(*rwt->token_data);
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+static void
+ruby_whisper_token_mark(void *p)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt = (ruby_whisper_token *)p;
+  rb_gc_mark(rwt->text);
+}
+
+static void
+ruby_whisper_token_free(void *p)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt = (ruby_whisper_token *)p;
+  if (rwt->token_data) {
+    xfree(rwt->token_data);
+    rwt->token_data = NULL;
+  }
+  xfree(rwt);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_token_type = {
+  "ruby_whisper_token",
+  {ruby_whisper_token_mark, ruby_whisper_token_free, ruby_whisper_token_memsize,},
+  0, 0,
+  0
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  VALUE token = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, ruby_whisper_token, &ruby_whisper_token_type, rwt);
+  rwt->token_data = NULL;
+  rwt->text = Qnil;
+  return token;
+}
+
+VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_s_init(struct whisper_context *context, int i_segment, int i_token)
+{
+  const VALUE token = ruby_whisper_token_allocate(cToken);
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(token, ruby_whisper_token, &ruby_whisper_token_type, rwt);
+  rwt->token_data = ALLOC(whisper_token_data);
+  *(rwt->token_data) = whisper_full_get_token_data(context, i_segment, i_token);
+  rwt->text = rb_str_new2(whisper_full_get_token_text(context, i_segment, i_token));
+  return token;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Token ID.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   id -> Integer
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_id(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return INT2NUM(rwt->token_data->id);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Forced timestamp token ID.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   tid -> Integer
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_tid(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return INT2NUM(rwt->token_data->tid);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Probability of the token.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   probability -> Float
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_p(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return DBL2NUM(rwt->token_data->p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Log probability of the token.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   log_probability -> Float
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_plog(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return DBL2NUM(rwt->token_data->plog);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Probability of the timestamp token.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   pt -> Float
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_pt(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return DBL2NUM(rwt->token_data->pt);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sum of probability of all timestamp tokens.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   ptsum -> Float
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_ptsum(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return DBL2NUM(rwt->token_data->ptsum);
+}
+
+/*
+ * [EXPERIMENTAL] Token-level timestamps with DTW
+ *
+ * Do not use if you haven't computed token-level timestamps with dtw.
+ * Roughly corresponds to the moment in audio in which the token was output.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   t_dtw -> Integer
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_t_dtw(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return LONG2NUM(rwt->token_data->t_dtw);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Voice length of the token.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   voice_length -> Float
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_vlen(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return DBL2NUM(rwt->token_data->vlen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the token text of the token.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   text -> String
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_text(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return rwt->text;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Start time of the token.
+ *
+ * Token-level timestamp data.
+ * Do not use if you haven't computed token-level timestamps.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   start_time -> Integer
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_start_time(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return LONG2NUM(rwt->token_data->t0 * 10);
+}
+
+/*
+ * End time of the token.
+ *
+ * Token-level timestamp data.
+ * Do not use if you haven't computed token-level timestamps.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *   end_time -> Integer
+ */
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_token_get_end_time(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  return LONG2NUM(rwt->token_data->t1 * 10);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   deconstruct_keys(keys) -> hash
+ *
+ *  Possible keys: :id, :tid, :probability, :log_probability, :pt, :ptsum,
+ *                 :t_dtw, :voice_length, :start_time, :end_time, :text
+ *    segment.each_token do |token|
+ *      token => {text:, probability:}
+        puts "#{text} (#{probability})"
+ *    end
+ */
+static VALUE ruby_whisper_token_deconstruct_keys(VALUE self, VALUE keys)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_token *rwt;
+  GetToken(self, rwt);
+  VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+  long n_keys = 0;
+
+  if (NIL_P(keys)) {
+    keys = rb_ary_new3(
+      N_KEY_NAMES,
+      sym_id,
+      sym_tid,
+      sym_probability,
+      sym_log_probability,
+      sym_pt,
+      sym_ptsum,
+      sym_t_dtw,
+      sym_voice_length,
+      sym_start_time,
+      sym_end_time,
+      sym_text
+    );
+    n_keys = N_KEY_NAMES;
+  } else {
+    n_keys = RARRAY_LEN(keys);
+    if (n_keys > N_KEY_NAMES) {
+      return hash;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < n_keys; i++) {
+    VALUE key = rb_ary_entry(keys, i);
+    if (key == sym_start_time) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_start_time(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_end_time) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_end_time(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_text) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_text(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_probability) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_p(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_id) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_id(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_tid) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_tid(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_log_probability) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_plog(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_pt) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_pt(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_ptsum) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_ptsum(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_t_dtw) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_t_dtw(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (key == sym_voice_length) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_token_get_vlen(self));
+      continue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
+
+void
+init_ruby_whisper_token(VALUE *mWhisper)
+{
+  cToken = rb_define_class_under(*mWhisper, "Token", rb_cObject);
+
+  rb_define_alloc_func(cToken, ruby_whisper_token_allocate);
+
+  sym_id = ID2SYM(rb_intern("id"));
+  sym_tid = ID2SYM(rb_intern("tid"));
+  sym_probability = ID2SYM(rb_intern("probability"));
+  sym_log_probability = ID2SYM(rb_intern("log_probability"));
+  sym_pt = ID2SYM(rb_intern("pt"));
+  sym_ptsum = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ptsum"));
+  sym_t_dtw = ID2SYM(rb_intern("t_dtw"));
+  sym_voice_length = ID2SYM(rb_intern("voice_length"));
+  sym_start_time = ID2SYM(rb_intern("start_time"));
+  sym_end_time = ID2SYM(rb_intern("end_time"));
+  sym_text = ID2SYM(rb_intern("text"));
+
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "id", ruby_whisper_token_get_id, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "tid", ruby_whisper_token_get_tid, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "probability", ruby_whisper_token_get_p, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "log_probability", ruby_whisper_token_get_plog, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "pt", ruby_whisper_token_get_pt, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "ptsum", ruby_whisper_token_get_ptsum, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "t_dtw", ruby_whisper_token_get_t_dtw, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "voice_length", ruby_whisper_token_get_vlen, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "start_time", ruby_whisper_token_get_start_time, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "end_time", ruby_whisper_token_get_end_time, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "text", ruby_whisper_token_get_text, 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(cToken, "deconstruct_keys", ruby_whisper_token_deconstruct_keys, 1);
+}
+
+#undef N_KEY_NAMES
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_transcribe.cpp b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_transcribe.cpp
index dc64af00808..c00fbcd1def 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_transcribe.cpp
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_transcribe.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <ruby.h>
 #include "ruby_whisper.h"
 #include "common-whisper.h"
 #include <string>
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_params_type;
 
 extern ID id_to_s;
 extern ID id_call;
+extern ID id_to_path;
 extern ID transcribe_option_names[1];
 
 extern void
@@ -43,13 +43,16 @@ ruby_whisper_transcribe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
 
   int n_processors = opts[0] == Qundef ? 1 : NUM2INT(opts[0]);
 
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper, &ruby_whisper_type, rw);
+  GetContext(self, rw);
   TypedData_Get_Struct(params, ruby_whisper_params, &ruby_whisper_params_type, rwp);
 
   if (!rb_respond_to(wave_file_path, id_to_s)) {
     rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Expected file path to wave file");
   }
 
+  if (rb_respond_to(wave_file_path, id_to_path)) {
+    wave_file_path = rb_funcall(wave_file_path, id_to_path, 0);
+  }
   std::string fname_inp = StringValueCStr(wave_file_path);
 
   std::vector<float> pcmf32; // mono-channel F32 PCM
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_context.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_context.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..97c9736b6f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_context.c
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "ruby_whisper.h"
+
+extern ID id_to_s;
+
+extern VALUE cVADContext;
+
+extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_params_type;
+extern VALUE ruby_whisper_vad_detect(VALUE self, VALUE file_path, VALUE params);
+extern VALUE ruby_whisper_normalize_model_path(VALUE model_path);
+extern parsed_samples_t parse_samples(VALUE *samples, VALUE *n_samples);
+extern VALUE release_samples(VALUE parsed);
+
+extern VALUE ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_init(struct whisper_vad_segments *segments);
+
+typedef struct segments_from_samples_args {
+  VALUE *context;
+  VALUE *params;
+  float *samples;
+  int n_samples;
+} segments_from_samples_args;
+
+static size_t
+ruby_whisper_vad_context_memsize(const void *p)
+{
+  const ruby_whisper_vad_context *rwvc = p;
+  size_t size = sizeof(rwvc);
+  if (!rwvc) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (rwvc->context) {
+    size += sizeof(rwvc->context);
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+static void
+ruby_whisper_vad_context_free(void *p)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_context *rwvc = (ruby_whisper_vad_context *)p;
+  if (rwvc->context) {
+    whisper_vad_free(rwvc->context);
+    rwvc->context = NULL;
+  }
+  xfree(rwvc);
+}
+
+const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_context_type = {
+  "ruby_whisper_vad_context",
+  {0, ruby_whisper_vad_context_free, ruby_whisper_vad_context_memsize,},
+  0, 0,
+  0
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_context_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_context *rwvc;
+  VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, ruby_whisper_vad_context, &ruby_whisper_vad_context_type, rwvc);
+  rwvc->context = NULL;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_context_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE model_path)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_context *rwvc;
+  struct whisper_vad_context *context;
+
+  model_path = ruby_whisper_normalize_model_path(model_path);
+  context = whisper_vad_init_from_file_with_params(StringValueCStr(model_path), whisper_vad_default_context_params());
+  if (context == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Failed to initialize whisper VAD context");
+  }
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_vad_context, &ruby_whisper_vad_context_type, rwvc);
+  rwvc->context = context;
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+segments_from_samples_body(VALUE rb_args)
+{
+  segments_from_samples_args *args = (segments_from_samples_args *)rb_args;
+
+  ruby_whisper_vad_context *rwvc;
+  ruby_whisper_vad_params *rwvp;
+  GetVADContext(*args->context, rwvc);
+  GetVADParams(*args->params, rwvp);
+
+  struct whisper_vad_segments *segments = whisper_vad_segments_from_samples(rwvc->context, rwvp->params, args->samples, args->n_samples);
+
+  return ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_init(segments);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segments_from_samples(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+  if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (given %d, expected 2..3)", argc);
+  }
+
+  VALUE n_samples = argc == 2 ? Qnil : argv[2];
+  struct parsed_samples_t parsed = parse_samples(&argv[1], &n_samples);
+  segments_from_samples_args args = {
+    &self,
+    &argv[0],
+    parsed.samples,
+    parsed.n_samples,
+  };
+  VALUE segments = rb_ensure(segments_from_samples_body, (VALUE)&args, release_samples, (VALUE)&parsed);
+
+  return segments;
+}
+
+void init_ruby_whisper_vad_context(VALUE *mVAD)
+{
+  cVADContext = rb_define_class_under(*mVAD, "Context", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(cVADContext, ruby_whisper_vad_context_s_allocate);
+  rb_define_method(cVADContext, "initialize", ruby_whisper_vad_context_initialize, 1);
+  rb_define_method(cVADContext, "segments_from_samples", ruby_whisper_vad_segments_from_samples, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cVADContext, "detect", ruby_whisper_vad_detect, 2);
+}
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_context_detect.cpp b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_context_detect.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..802b0222dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_context_detect.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "ruby_whisper.h"
+#include "common-whisper.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+extern ID id_to_path;
+
+extern VALUE cVADSegments;
+
+extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_context_type;
+extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_params_type;
+extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type;
+
+extern VALUE ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_init(struct whisper_vad_segments *segments);
+
+VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_detect(VALUE self, VALUE file_path, VALUE params) {
+  ruby_whisper_vad_context *rwvc;
+  ruby_whisper_vad_params *rwvp;
+  std::string cpp_file_path;
+  std::vector<float> pcmf32;
+  std::vector<std::vector<float>> pcmf32s;
+  whisper_vad_segments *segments;
+
+  GetVADContext(self, rwvc);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(params, ruby_whisper_vad_params, &ruby_whisper_vad_params_type, rwvp);
+
+  if (rb_respond_to(file_path, id_to_path)) {
+    file_path = rb_funcall(file_path, id_to_path, 0);
+  }
+  cpp_file_path = StringValueCStr(file_path);
+
+  if (!read_audio_data(cpp_file_path, pcmf32, pcmf32s, false)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Failed to open '%s' as WAV file\n", cpp_file_path.c_str());
+  }
+
+  segments = whisper_vad_segments_from_samples(rwvc->context, rwvp->params, pcmf32.data(), pcmf32.size());
+  if (segments == nullptr) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Failed to process audio\n");
+  }
+
+  return ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_init(segments);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_params.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_params.c
index f254bfa2138..28256650e32 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_params.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_params.c
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <ruby.h>
 #include "ruby_whisper.h"
 
 #define DEFINE_PARAM(param_name, nth) \
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_segment.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_segment.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84a007bb725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_segment.c
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#include "ruby_whisper.h"
+
+#define N_KEY_NAMES 2
+
+extern VALUE cVADSegment;
+
+extern const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type;
+
+static VALUE sym_start_time;
+static VALUE sym_end_time;
+
+static void
+rb_whisper_vad_segment_mark(void *p)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segment *rwvs = (ruby_whisper_vad_segment *)p;
+  rb_gc_mark(rwvs->segments);
+}
+
+static size_t
+ruby_whisper_vad_segment_memsize(const void *p)
+{
+  const ruby_whisper_vad_segment *rwvs = p;
+  size_t size = sizeof(rwvs);
+  if (!rwvs) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (rwvs->index) {
+    size += sizeof(rwvs->index);
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_segment_type = {
+    "ruby_whisper_vad_segment",
+    {rb_whisper_vad_segment_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, ruby_whisper_vad_segment_memsize,},
+    0, 0,
+    0
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segment_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segment *rwvs;
+  VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, ruby_whisper_vad_segment, &ruby_whisper_vad_segment_type, rwvs);
+  rwvs->segments = Qnil;
+  rwvs->index = -1;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_whisper_vad_segment_s_new(VALUE segments, int index)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segment *rwvs;
+  const VALUE segment = ruby_whisper_vad_segment_s_allocate(cVADSegment);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(segment, ruby_whisper_vad_segment, &ruby_whisper_vad_segment_type, rwvs);
+  rwvs->segments = segments;
+  rwvs->index = index;
+  return segment;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segment_get_start_time(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segment *rwvs;
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss;
+  float t0;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_vad_segment, &ruby_whisper_vad_segment_type, rwvs);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwvs->segments, ruby_whisper_vad_segments, &ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type, rwvss);
+  t0 = whisper_vad_segments_get_segment_t0(rwvss->segments, rwvs->index);
+  return DBL2NUM(t0 * 10);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segment_get_end_time(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segment *rwvs;
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss;
+  float t1;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_vad_segment, &ruby_whisper_vad_segment_type, rwvs);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwvs->segments, ruby_whisper_vad_segments, &ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type, rwvss);
+  t1 = whisper_vad_segments_get_segment_t1(rwvss->segments, rwvs->index);
+  return DBL2NUM(t1 * 10);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segment_deconstruct_keys(VALUE self, VALUE keys)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segment *rwvs;
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss;
+  VALUE hash, key;
+  long n_keys;
+  int i;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ruby_whisper_vad_segment, &ruby_whisper_vad_segment_type, rwvs);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(rwvs->segments, ruby_whisper_vad_segments, &ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type, rwvss);
+
+  hash = rb_hash_new();
+  if (NIL_P(keys)) {
+    keys = rb_ary_new3(
+      N_KEY_NAMES,
+      sym_start_time,
+      sym_end_time
+    );
+    n_keys = N_KEY_NAMES;
+  } else {
+    n_keys = RARRAY_LEN(keys);
+    if (n_keys > N_KEY_NAMES) {
+      return hash;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < n_keys; i++) {
+    key = rb_ary_entry(keys, i);
+    if (key == sym_start_time) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_vad_segment_get_start_time(self));
+    }
+    if (key == sym_end_time) {
+      rb_hash_aset(hash, key, ruby_whisper_vad_segment_get_end_time(self));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
+void
+init_ruby_whisper_vad_segment(VALUE *mVAD)
+{
+  cVADSegment = rb_define_class_under(*mVAD, "Segment", rb_cObject);
+
+  sym_start_time = ID2SYM(rb_intern("start_time"));
+  sym_end_time = ID2SYM(rb_intern("end_time"));
+
+  rb_define_alloc_func(cVADSegment, ruby_whisper_vad_segment_s_allocate);
+  rb_define_method(cVADSegment, "start_time", ruby_whisper_vad_segment_get_start_time, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cVADSegment, "end_time", ruby_whisper_vad_segment_get_end_time, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cVADSegment, "deconstruct_keys", ruby_whisper_vad_segment_deconstruct_keys, 1);
+}
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_segments.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_segments.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db62fdb6222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/ruby_whisper_vad_segments.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "ruby_whisper.h"
+
+extern ID id___method__;
+extern ID id_to_enum;
+
+extern VALUE cVADSegments;
+
+extern VALUE rb_whisper_vad_segment_s_new(VALUE segments, int index);
+
+static size_t
+ruby_whisper_vad_segments_memsize(const void *p)
+{
+  const ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss = p;
+  size_t size = sizeof(rwvss);
+  if (!rwvss) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (rwvss->segments) {
+    size += sizeof(rwvss->segments);
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+static void
+ruby_whisper_vad_segments_free(void *p)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss = (ruby_whisper_vad_segments *)p;
+  if (rwvss->segments) {
+    whisper_vad_free_segments(rwvss->segments);
+    rwvss->segments = NULL;
+  }
+  xfree(rwvss);
+}
+
+const rb_data_type_t ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type = {
+  "ruby_whisper_vad_segments",
+  {0, ruby_whisper_vad_segments_free, ruby_whisper_vad_segments_memsize,},
+  0, 0,
+  0
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss;
+  VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, ruby_whisper_vad_segments, &ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type, rwvss);
+  rwvss->segments = NULL;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_init(struct whisper_vad_segments *segments)
+{
+  VALUE rb_segments;
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss;
+
+  rb_segments = ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_allocate(cVADSegments);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(rb_segments, ruby_whisper_vad_segments, &ruby_whisper_vad_segments_type, rwvss);
+  rwvss->segments = segments;
+
+  return rb_segments;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segments_each(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss;
+  VALUE method_name;
+  int n_segments, i;
+
+  if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+    method_name = rb_funcall(self, id___method__, 0);
+    return rb_funcall(self, id_to_enum, 1, method_name);
+  }
+
+  GetVADSegments(self, rwvss);
+  n_segments = whisper_vad_segments_n_segments(rwvss->segments);
+  for (i = 0; i < n_segments; ++i) {
+    rb_yield(rb_whisper_vad_segment_s_new(self, i));
+  }
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ruby_whisper_vad_segments_get_length(VALUE self)
+{
+  ruby_whisper_vad_segments *rwvss;
+  int n_segments;
+
+  GetVADSegments(self, rwvss);
+  n_segments = whisper_vad_segments_n_segments(rwvss->segments);
+
+  return INT2NUM(n_segments);
+}
+
+void
+init_ruby_whisper_vad_segments(VALUE *mVAD)
+{
+  cVADSegments = rb_define_class_under(*mVAD, "Segments", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(cVADSegments, ruby_whisper_vad_segments_s_allocate);
+  rb_define_method(cVADSegments, "each", ruby_whisper_vad_segments_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cVADSegments, "length", ruby_whisper_vad_segments_get_length, 0);
+  rb_include_module(cVADSegments, rb_path2class("Enumerable"));
+}
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/extsources.rb b/bindings/ruby/extsources.rb
index 18ae348d710..b24f1a7f13d 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/extsources.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/extsources.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
   twitch.sh
   yt-wsp.sh
   close-issue.yml
+  build-xcframework.sh
 ]
 
 EXTSOURCES =
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper/model/uri.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper/model/uri.rb
index 5bf5a098624..8eb57e5e8cf 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper/model/uri.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper/model/uri.rb
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ def download(response)
       end
 
       def show_progress(current, size)
-        progress_rate_available = size && $stderr.tty?
+        line_size = 47
+        progress_rate_available = size && $stderr.tty? && $stderr.winsize[1] >= line_size
 
         unless @prev
           @prev = Time.now
@@ -181,7 +182,6 @@ def escaping(path)
       base-q8_0
       small
       small.en
-      small.en-tdrz
       small-q5_1
       small.en-q5_1
       small-q8_0
@@ -203,28 +203,27 @@ def escaping(path)
       models[name] = URI.new("https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-#{name}.bin")
     }
 
+    %w[
+      small.en-tdrz
+    ].each do |name|
+      @pre_converted_models[name] = URI.new("https://huggingface.co/akashmjn/tinydiarize-whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-#{name}.bin")
+    end
+
     %w[
       silero-v5.1.2
+      silero-v6.2.0
     ].each do |name|
       @pre_converted_models[name] = URI.new("https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad/resolve/main/ggml-#{name}.bin")
     end
 
-    @coreml_compiled_models = %w[
-      tiny
-      tiny.en
-      base
-      base.en
-      small
-      small.en
-      medium
-      medium.en
-      large-v1
-      large-v2
-      large-v3
-      large-v3-turbo
-    ].each_with_object({}) do |name, models|
-      models[@pre_converted_models[name]] = ZipURI.new("https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-#{name}-encoder.mlmodelc.zip")
-    end
+    @coreml_compiled_models = @pre_converted_models.each_with_object({}) {|(name, uri), models|
+      next if name.end_with?("-tdrz") || name.start_with?("silero-")
+
+      if matched = name.match(/\A(?<name>.*)-q\d_\d\z/)
+        name = matched[:name]
+      end
+      models[uri] = ZipURI.new("https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-#{name}-encoder.mlmodelc.zip")
+    }
 
     class << self
       attr_reader :pre_converted_models, :coreml_compiled_models
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/sig/whisper.rbs b/bindings/ruby/sig/whisper.rbs
index e6c0e139492..9ade451c6b2 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/sig/whisper.rbs
+++ b/bindings/ruby/sig/whisper.rbs
@@ -10,12 +10,28 @@ module Whisper
   type encoder_begin_callback = ^(Whisper::Context, void, Object user_data) -> void
   type abort_callback = ^(Whisper::Context, void, Object user_data) -> boolish
 
+  VERSION: String
   LOG_LEVEL_NONE: Integer
   LOG_LEVEL_INFO: Integer
   LOG_LEVEL_WARN: Integer
   LOG_LEVEL_ERROR: Integer
   LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG: Integer
   LOG_LEVEL_CONT: Integer
+  AHEADS_NONE: Integer
+  AHEADS_N_TOP_MOST: Integer
+  AHEADS_CUSTOM: Integer
+  AHEADS_TINY_EN: Integer
+  AHEADS_TINY: Integer
+  AHEADS_BASE_EN: Integer
+  AHEADS_BASE: Integer
+  AHEADS_SMALL_EN: Integer
+  AHEADS_SMALL: Integer
+  AHEADS_MEDIUM_EN: Integer
+  AHEADS_MEDIUM: Integer
+  AHEADS_LARGE_V1: Integer
+  AHEADS_LARGE_V2: Integer
+  AHEADS_LARGE_V3: Integer
+  AHEADS_LARGE_V3_TURBO: Integer
 
   def self.lang_max_id: () -> Integer
   def self.lang_id: (string name) -> Integer
@@ -36,8 +52,8 @@ module Whisper
     #       puts text
     #     end
     #
-    def transcribe: (string, Params, ?n_processors: Integer) -> self
-                  | (string, Params, ?n_processors: Integer) { (String) -> void } -> self
+    def transcribe: (path, Params, ?n_processors: Integer) -> self
+                  | (path, Params, ?n_processors: Integer) { (String) -> void } -> self
 
     def model_n_vocab: () -> Integer
     def model_n_audio_ctx: () -> Integer
@@ -119,6 +135,30 @@ module Whisper
 
     def to_srt: () -> String
     def to_webvtt: () -> String
+
+    class Params
+      def self.new: (
+        use_gpu: boolish,
+        flash_attn: boolish,
+        gpu_device: Integer,
+        dtw_token_timestamps: boolish,
+        dtw_aheads_preset: Integer,
+        dtw_n_top: Integer | nil,
+      ) -> instance
+
+      def use_gpu=: (boolish) -> boolish
+      def use_gpu: () -> (true | false)
+      def flash_attn=: (boolish) -> boolish
+      def flash_attn: () -> (true | false)
+      def gpu_device=: (Integer) -> Integer
+      def gpu_device: () -> Integer
+      def dtw_token_timestamps=: (boolish) -> boolish
+      def dtw_token_timestamps: () -> (true | false)
+      def dtw_aheads_preset=: (Integer) -> Integer
+      def dtw_aheads_preset: () -> Integer
+      def dtw_n_top=: (Integer | nil) -> (Integer | nil)
+      def dtw_n_top: () -> (Integer | nil)
+    end
   end
 
   class Params
@@ -134,8 +174,10 @@ module Whisper
       ?suppress_blank: boolish,
       ?suppress_nst: boolish,
       ?token_timestamps: boolish,
+      ?max_len: Integer,
       ?split_on_word: boolish,
       ?initial_prompt: string | nil,
+      ?carry_initial_prompt: boolish,
       ?diarize: boolish,
       ?offset: Integer,
       ?duration: Integer,
@@ -221,6 +263,12 @@ module Whisper
     #
     def token_timestamps: () -> (true | false)
 
+    def max_len=: (Integer) -> Integer
+
+    # max segment length in characters.
+    #
+    def max_len: () -> Integer
+
     def split_on_word=: (boolish) -> boolish
 
     # If true, split on word rather than on token (when used with max_len).
@@ -228,6 +276,7 @@ module Whisper
     def split_on_word: () -> (true | false)
 
     def initial_prompt=: (_ToS) -> _ToS
+    def carry_initial_prompt=: (boolish) -> boolish
 
     # Tokens to provide to the whisper decoder as initial prompt
     # these are prepended to any existing text context from a previous call
@@ -235,6 +284,7 @@ module Whisper
     # Maximum of whisper_n_text_ctx()/2 tokens are used (typically 224).
     #
     def initial_prompt: () -> (String | nil)
+    def carry_initial_prompt: () -> (true | false)
 
     def diarize=: (boolish) -> boolish
 
@@ -423,7 +473,8 @@ module Whisper
       end_time: (Integer | nil),
       text: (String | nil),
       no_speech_prob: (Float | nil),
-      speaker_turn_next: (true | false | nil)
+      speaker_turn_next: (true | false | nil),
+      n_tokens: (Integer | nil)
     }
 
     # Start time in milliseconds.
@@ -435,13 +486,32 @@ module Whisper
     def end_time: () -> Integer
 
     # Whether the next segment is predicted as a speaker turn.
+    #
     def speaker_turn_next?: () -> (true | false)
 
     def text: () -> String
     def no_speech_prob: () -> Float
+
+    # Get number of tokens in the segment
+    #
+    def n_tokens: () -> Integer
+
+    # Yields each Whisper::Token:
+    #
+    #   whisper.each_segment.first.each_token do |token|
+    #     p token
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given:
+    #
+    #   whisper.each_segment.first.each_token.to_a # => [#<Whisper::Token>, ...]
+    #
+    def each_token: { (Token) -> void } -> void
+                  | () -> Enumerator[Token]
     def to_srt_cue: () -> String
     def to_webvtt_cue: () -> String
 
+
     #  Possible keys: :start_time, :end_time, :text, :no_speech_prob, :speaker_turn_next
     #
     #      whisper.each_segment do |segment|
@@ -449,7 +519,77 @@ module Whisper
     #
     #        puts "[#{start_time} --> #{end_time}] #{text} (no speech prob: #{no_speech_prob}#{speaker_turn_next ? ', speaker turns next' : ''})"
     #      end
-    def deconstruct_keys: (Array[:start_time | :end_time | :text | :no_speech_prob | :speaker_turn_next] | nil) -> deconstructed_keys
+    def deconstruct_keys: (Array[:start_time | :end_time | :text | :no_speech_prob | :speaker_turn_next | :n_tokens] | nil) -> deconstructed_keys
+  end
+
+  module Token
+    type deconstructed_keys = {
+      id: (Integer | nil),
+      tid: (Integer | nil),
+      probability: (Float | nil),
+      log_probability: (Float | nil),
+      pt: (Float | nil),
+      ptsum: (Float | nil),
+      t_dtw: (Integer | nil),
+      voice_length: (Float | nil),
+      text: (String | nil),
+      start_time: (Integer | nil),
+      end_time: (Integer | nil),
+    }
+
+    # Token ID.
+    #
+    def id: () -> Integer
+
+    # Forced timestamp token ID.
+    #
+    def tid: () -> Integer
+
+    # Probability of the token.
+    #
+    def probability: () -> Float
+
+    # Log probability of the token.
+    #
+    def log_probability: () -> Float
+
+    # Probability of the timestamp token.
+    #
+    def pt: () -> Float
+
+    # Sum of probability of all timestamp tokens.
+    #
+    def ptsum: () -> Float
+
+    # [EXPERIMENTAL] Token-level timestamps with DTW
+    #
+    # Do not use if you haven't computed token-level timestamps with dtw.
+    # Roughly corresponds to the moment in audio in which the token was output.
+    #
+    def t_dtw: () -> Integer
+
+    # Voice length of the token.
+    #
+    def voice_length: () -> Float
+
+    # Start time of the token.
+    #
+    # Token-level timestamp data.
+    # Do not use if you haven't computed token-level timestamps.
+    #
+    def start_time: () -> Integer
+
+    # End time of the token.
+    #
+    # Token-level timestamp data.
+    # Do not use if you haven't computed token-level timestamps.
+    #
+    def end_time: () -> Integer
+
+    # Get the token text of the token.
+    #
+    def text: () -> String
+    def deconstruct_keys: (Array[:id | :tid | :probability | :log_probability | :pt | :ptsum | :t_dtw | :voice_length | :start_time | :end_time | :text] | nil) -> deconstructed_keys
   end
 
   module VAD
@@ -499,6 +639,32 @@ module Whisper
       def samples_overlap: () -> Float
       def ==: (Params) -> (true | false)
     end
+
+    class Context
+      def self.new: (String | path | ::URI::HTTP model_name_or_path) -> instance
+      def segments_from_samples: (Params, Array[Float] samples, ?Integer n_samples) -> Segments
+                               | (Params, _Samples, ?Integer n_samples) -> Segments
+      def detect: (path wav_file_path, Params) -> Segments
+    end
+
+    class Segments
+      include Enumerable[Segment]
+
+      def each: { (Segment) -> void } -> void
+              | () -> Enumerator[Segment]
+      def length: -> Integer
+    end
+
+    class Segment
+      type deconstructed_keys = {
+        start_time: (Integer | nil),
+        end_time: (Integer | nil),
+      }
+
+      def start_time: () -> Integer
+      def end_time: () -> Integer
+      def deconstruct_keys: (Array[:start_time | :end_time] | nil) -> deconstructed_keys
+    end
   end
 
   class Error < StandardError
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_context_params.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_context_params.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d19fdc94cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_context_params.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+require_relative "helper"
+
+class TestContextParams < TestBase
+  PARAM_NAMES = [
+    :use_gpu,
+    :flash_attn,
+    :gpu_device,
+    :dtw_token_timestamps,
+    :dtw_aheads_preset,
+    :dtw_n_top
+  ]
+
+  def test_new
+    params = Whisper::Context::Params.new
+    assert_instance_of Whisper::Context::Params, params
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes
+    params = Whisper::Context::Params.new
+
+    assert_true params.use_gpu
+    params.use_gpu = false
+    assert_false params.use_gpu
+
+    assert_true params.flash_attn
+    params.flash_attn = false
+    assert_false params.flash_attn
+
+    assert_equal 0, params.gpu_device
+    params.gpu_device = 1
+    assert_equal 1, params.gpu_device
+
+    assert_false params.dtw_token_timestamps
+    params.dtw_token_timestamps = true
+    assert_true params.dtw_token_timestamps
+
+    assert_equal Whisper::AHEADS_NONE, params.dtw_aheads_preset
+    params.dtw_aheads_preset =Whisper::AHEADS_BASE
+    assert_equal Whisper::AHEADS_BASE, params.dtw_aheads_preset
+
+    assert_nil params.dtw_n_top
+    params.dtw_n_top = 6
+    assert_equal 6, params.dtw_n_top
+    params.dtw_n_top = nil
+    assert_nil params.dtw_n_top
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_kw_args
+    params = Whisper::Context::Params.new(use_gpu: false)
+    assert_false params.use_gpu
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_kw_wargs_non_existent
+    assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Whisper::Context::Params.new(non_existent: "value")
+    end
+  end
+
+  data(PARAM_NAMES.collect {|param| [param, param]}.to_h)
+  def test_new_with_kw_args_default_values(param)
+    default_params = Whisper::Context::Params.new
+    default_value = default_params.send(param)
+    value = if param == :dtw_n_top
+              6
+            else
+              case default_value
+              in true | false
+                !default_value
+              in Integer
+                default_value + 1
+              end
+            end
+    params = Whisper::Context::Params.new(param => value)
+    assert_equal value, params.send(param)
+
+    PARAM_NAMES.reject {|name| name == param}.each do |name|
+      expected = default_params.send(name)
+      actual = params.send(name)
+      assert_equal expected, actual
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_package.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_package.rb
index 33cd2a3c195..108f34efbeb 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/test/test_package.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_package.rb
@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@ def test_install_with_coreml
         Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
           system "gem", "install", "--install-dir", dir.shellescape, "--no-document", "pkg/#{gemspec.file_name.shellescape}", "--", "--enable-whisper-coreml", exception: true
           assert_installed dir, gemspec.version
+          libdir = File.join(dir, "gems", "#{gemspec.name}-#{gemspec.version}", "lib")
           assert_nothing_raised do
-            libdir = File.join(dir, "gems", "#{gemspec.name}-#{gemspec.version}", "lib")
             system "ruby", "-I", libdir, "-r", "whisper", "-e", "Whisper::Context.new('tiny')", exception: true
           end
+          assert_match(/COREML = 1/, `ruby -I #{libdir.shellescape} -r whisper -e 'puts Whisper.system_info_str'`)
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_params.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_params.rb
index 9a9535799b7..094dba6f48e 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/test/test_params.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_params.rb
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ class TestParams < TestBase
     :suppress_blank,
     :suppress_nst,
     :token_timestamps,
+    :max_len,
     :split_on_word,
     :initial_prompt,
+    :carry_initial_prompt,
     :diarize,
     :offset,
     :duration,
@@ -118,6 +120,13 @@ def test_print_timestamps
     assert !@params.print_timestamps
   end
 
+  def test_carry_initial_prompt
+    @params.carry_initial_prompt = true
+    assert @params.carry_initial_prompt
+    @params.carry_initial_prompt = false
+    assert !@params.carry_initial_prompt
+  end
+
   def test_suppress_blank
     @params.suppress_blank = true
     assert @params.suppress_blank
@@ -139,6 +148,13 @@ def test_token_timestamps
     assert !@params.token_timestamps
   end
 
+  def test_max_len
+    @params.max_len = 42
+    assert_equal @params.max_len, 42
+    @params.max_len = 0
+    assert_equal @params.max_len, 0
+  end
+
   def test_split_on_word
     @params.split_on_word = true
     assert @params.split_on_word
@@ -202,12 +218,12 @@ def test_vad
 
   def test_vad_model_path
     assert_nil @params.vad_model_path
-    @params.vad_model_path = "silero-v5.1.2"
-    assert_equal Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v5.1.2"].to_path, @params.vad_model_path
+    @params.vad_model_path = "silero-v6.2.0"
+    assert_equal Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v6.2.0"].to_path, @params.vad_model_path
   end
 
   def test_vad_model_path_with_nil
-    @params.vad_model_path = "silero-v5.1.2"
+    @params.vad_model_path = "silero-v6.2.0"
     @params.vad_model_path = nil
     assert_nil @params.vad_model_path
   end
@@ -219,13 +235,13 @@ def test_vad_model_path_with_invalid
   end
 
   def test_vad_model_path_with_URI_string
-    @params.vad_model_path = "https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad/resolve/main/ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin"
-    assert_equal @params.vad_model_path, Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v5.1.2"].to_path
+    @params.vad_model_path = "https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad/resolve/main/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin"
+    assert_equal @params.vad_model_path, Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v6.2.0"].to_path
   end
 
   def test_vad_model_path_with_URI
-    @params.vad_model_path = URI("https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad/resolve/main/ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin")
-    assert_equal @params.vad_model_path, Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v5.1.2"].to_path
+    @params.vad_model_path = URI("https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/whisper-vad/resolve/main/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin")
+    assert_equal @params.vad_model_path, Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v6.2.0"].to_path
   end
 
   def test_vad_params
@@ -273,7 +289,7 @@ def test_new_with_kw_args_default_values(param)
             in [/_user_data\Z/, *]
               Object.new
             in [:vad_model_path, *]
-              Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v5.1.2"].to_path
+              Whisper::Model.pre_converted_models["silero-v6.2.0"].to_path
             in [:vad_params, *]
               Whisper::VAD::Params.new
             end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_segment.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_segment.rb
index 5b63e0c4455..08a037c01f2 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/test/test_segment.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_segment.rb
@@ -72,6 +72,15 @@ def test_on_new_segment_twice
     whisper.transcribe(AUDIO, params)
   end
 
+  def test_transcription_after_segment_retrieved
+    segment = whisper.each_segment.first
+    assert_match(/ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country/, segment.text)
+
+    whisper.transcribe(AUDIO, Whisper::Params.new(offset: 5000))
+    assert_not_match(/ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country/, segment.text)
+    assert_match(/what you can do for your country/i, segment.text)
+  end
+
   def test_pattern_matching
     segment = whisper.each_segment.first
     segment => {start_time:, end_time:, text:, no_speech_prob:, speaker_turn_next:}
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_token.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_token.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a23f6813675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_token.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+require_relative "helper"
+
+class TestToken < TestBase
+  def setup
+    @segment = whisper.each_segment.first
+    @token = @segment.each_token.first
+  end
+
+  def test_n_tokens
+    assert_equal 27, @segment.n_tokens
+  end
+
+  def test_allocate
+    token = Whisper::Token.allocate
+    assert_raise  do
+      token.id
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_each_token
+    i = 0
+    @segment.each_token do |token|
+      i += 1
+      assert_instance_of Whisper::Token, token
+    end
+    assert_equal 27, i
+  end
+
+  def test_each_token_without_block
+    assert_instance_of Enumerator, @segment.each_token
+  end
+
+  def test_token
+    assert_instance_of Whisper::Token, @token
+
+    assert_instance_of Integer, @token.id
+    assert_instance_of Float, @token.probability
+    assert_instance_of Float, @token.log_probability
+
+    assert_instance_of Integer, @token.tid
+    assert_instance_of Float, @token.pt
+    assert_instance_of Float, @token.ptsum
+
+    assert_instance_of Integer, @token.start_time
+    assert_instance_of Integer, @token.end_time
+
+    assert_instance_of Integer, @token.t_dtw
+
+    assert_instance_of Float, @token.voice_length
+
+    assert_instance_of String, @token.text
+  end
+
+  def test_text
+    assert_equal ["[_BEG_]", " And", " so", " my", " fellow", " Americans", ",", " ask", " not", " what", " your", " country", " can", " do", " for", " you", ",", " ask", " what", " you", " can", " do", " for", " your", " country", ".", "[_TT_550]"],
+                 @segment.each_token.collect(&:text)
+  end
+
+  def test_token_timestamps
+    params = Whisper::Params.new(token_timestamps: true)
+    whisper.transcribe(TestBase::AUDIO, params)
+    prev = -1
+    whisper.each_segment.first.each_token do |token|
+      assert token.start_time >= prev
+      assert token.end_time >= token.start_time
+      prev = token.end_time
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_deconstruct_keys_with_nil
+    keys = %i[id tid probability log_probability pt ptsum t_dtw voice_length start_time end_time text]
+    expected = keys.collect {|key| [key, @token.send(key)] }.to_h
+    assert_equal(expected, @token.deconstruct_keys(nil))
+  end
+
+  def test_deconstruct_keys_with_keys
+    keys = %i[id tid probability log_probability pt ptsum t_dtw voice_length start_time end_time text]
+    expected = keys.collect {|key| [key, @token.send(key)] }.to_h
+    assert_equal expected, @token.deconstruct_keys(keys)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad.rb
index cb5e3c79d4b..3b0aedd061a 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ def setup
     vad_params = Whisper::VAD::Params.new
     @params = Whisper::Params.new(
       vad: true,
-      vad_model_path: "silero-v5.1.2",
+      vad_model_path: "silero-v6.2.0",
       vad_params:
     )
   end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_context.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_context.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b4558d34faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_context.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+require_relative "helper"
+
+class TestVADContext < TestBase
+  def test_initialize
+    context = Whisper::VAD::Context.new("silero-v6.2.0")
+    assert_instance_of Whisper::VAD::Context, context
+  end
+
+  def test_detect
+    context = Whisper::VAD::Context.new("silero-v6.2.0")
+    segments = context.detect(AUDIO, Whisper::VAD::Params.new)
+    assert_segments segments
+  end
+
+  def test_invalid_model_type
+    assert_raise TypeError do
+      Whisper::VAD::Context.new(Object.new)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_allocate
+    vad = Whisper::VAD::Context.allocate
+    assert_raise do
+      vad.detect(AUDIO, Whisper::VAD::Params.new)
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def assert_segments(segments)
+    assert_instance_of Whisper::VAD::Segments, segments
+
+    i = 0
+    segments.each do |segment|
+      i += 1
+      assert_instance_of Whisper::VAD::Segment, segment
+    end
+    assert i > 0
+
+    segments.each_with_index do |segment, index|
+      assert_instance_of Integer, index
+    end
+
+    assert_instance_of Enumerator, segments.each
+
+    segment = segments.each.first
+    assert_instance_of Float, segment.start_time
+    assert_instance_of Float, segment.end_time
+
+    segment => {start_time:, end_time:}
+    assert_equal segment.start_time, start_time
+    assert_equal segment.end_time, end_time
+
+    assert_equal 4, segments.length
+  end
+
+  sub_test_case "from samples" do
+    def setup
+      super
+      @vad = Whisper::VAD::Context.new("silero-v6.2.0")
+      @samples = File.read(AUDIO, nil, 78).unpack("s<*").collect {|i| i.to_f / 2**15}
+    end
+
+    def test_segments_from_samples
+      segments = @vad.segments_from_samples(Whisper::VAD::Params.new, @samples, @samples.length)
+      assert_segments segments
+    end
+
+    def test_segments_from_samples_without_length
+      segments = @vad.segments_from_samples(Whisper::VAD::Params.new, @samples)
+      assert_segments segments
+    end
+
+    def test_segments_from_samples_enumerator
+      samples = @samples.each
+      segments = @vad.segments_from_samples(Whisper::VAD::Params.new, samples, @samples.length)
+      assert_segments segments
+    end
+
+    def test_segments_from_samples_enumerator_without_length
+      samples = @samples.each
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        @vad.segments_from_samples(Whisper::VAD::Params.new, samples)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_segments_from_samples_enumerator_with_too_large_length
+      samples = @samples.each.take(10).to_enum
+      assert_raise StopIteration do
+        @vad.segments_from_samples(Whisper::VAD::Params.new, samples, 11)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_segments_from_samples_with_memory_view
+      samples = JFKReader.new(AUDIO)
+      segments = @vad.segments_from_samples(Whisper::VAD::Params.new, samples)
+      assert_segments segments
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_segment.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_segment.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7348562cb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_segment.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+require_relative "helper"
+
+class TestVADSegment < TestBase
+  def test_initialize
+    segment = Whisper::VAD::Segment.new
+
+    assert_raise do
+      segment.start_time
+    end
+
+    assert_raise do
+      segments.end_time
+    end
+
+    assert_raise do
+      segment => {start_time:, end_time:}
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_segments.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_segments.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..855dc48e154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_vad_segments.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+require_relative "helper"
+
+class TestVADSegments < TestBase
+  def test_initialize
+    segments = Whisper::VAD::Segments.new
+
+    assert_raise do
+      segments.each do |segment|
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_raise do
+      segments.length
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/test/test_whisper.rb b/bindings/ruby/test/test_whisper.rb
index e429c54317f..29071210072 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/test/test_whisper.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/test/test_whisper.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require_relative "helper"
 require "stringio"
 require "etc"
+require "pathname"
 
 # Exists to detect memory-related bug
 Whisper.log_set ->(level, buffer, user_data) {}, nil
@@ -20,6 +21,15 @@ def test_whisper
     }
   end
 
+  def test_whisper_pathname
+    @whisper = Whisper::Context.new("base.en")
+    params  = Whisper::Params.new
+
+    @whisper.transcribe(Pathname(AUDIO), params) {|text|
+      assert_match(/ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country/, text)
+    }
+  end
+
   def test_transcribe_non_parallel
     @whisper = Whisper::Context.new("base.en")
     params  = Whisper::Params.new
@@ -34,7 +44,7 @@ def test_transcribe_n_processors
     params  = Whisper::Params.new
 
     @whisper.transcribe(AUDIO, params, n_processors: 4) {|text|
-      assert_match(/ask not what your country can do for you[,.] ask what you can do for your country/i, text)
+      assert_match(/what you can do for your country/i, text)
     }
   end
 
@@ -116,6 +126,10 @@ def test_system_info_str
     assert_match(/\AWHISPER : COREML = \d | OPENVINO = \d |/, Whisper.system_info_str)
   end
 
+  def test_version
+    assert_kind_of String, Whisper::VERSION
+  end
+
   def test_log_set
     user_data = Object.new
     logs = []
@@ -145,6 +159,13 @@ def test_log_suppress
     $stderr = stderr
   end
 
+  def test_access_attribute_without_initialization
+    whisper = Whisper::Context.allocate
+    assert_raise do
+      whisper.model_type
+    end
+  end
+
   sub_test_case "full" do
     def setup
       super
@@ -196,6 +217,16 @@ def test_full_with_memory_view
       assert_match(/ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country/, @whisper.each_segment.first.text)
     end
 
+    def test_full_with_memroy_view_gc
+      samples = JFKReader.new(AUDIO)
+      @whisper.full(@params, samples)
+      GC.start
+      require "fiddle"
+      Fiddle::MemoryView.export samples do |view|
+        assert_equal 176000, view.to_s.unpack("#{view.format}*").length
+      end
+    end
+
     def test_full_parallel
       nprocessors = 2
       @whisper.full_parallel(@params, @samples, @samples.length, nprocessors)
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/whispercpp.gemspec b/bindings/ruby/whispercpp.gemspec
index c6e88dff7bd..88b94e7eb8a 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/whispercpp.gemspec
+++ b/bindings/ruby/whispercpp.gemspec
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require_relative "extsources"
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name    = "whispercpp"
   s.authors = ["Georgi Gerganov", "Todd A. Fisher"]
-  s.version = '1.3.3'
+  s.version = '1.3.6'
   s.description = %q{High-performance inference of OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition (ASR) model via Ruby}
   s.email   = 'todd.fisher@gmail.com'
   s.extra_rdoc_files = ['LICENSE', 'README.md']
diff --git a/build-xcframework.sh b/build-xcframework.sh
index 337e1936a56..4d462bbf4f3 100755
--- a/build-xcframework.sh
+++ b/build-xcframework.sh
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON
 GGML_BLAS_DEFAULT=ON
 GGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON
 GGML_OPENMP=OFF
+BUILD_STATIC_XCFRAMEWORK=${BUILD_STATIC_XCFRAMEWORK:-OFF}
 
 COMMON_C_FLAGS="-Wno-macro-redefined -Wno-shorten-64-to-32 -Wno-unused-command-line-argument -g"
 COMMON_CXX_FLAGS="-Wno-macro-redefined -Wno-shorten-64-to-32 -Wno-unused-command-line-argument -g"
@@ -327,6 +328,15 @@ combine_static_libraries() {
         arch_flags+=" -arch $arch"
     done
 
+
+    if [[ "${BUILD_STATIC_XCFRAMEWORK}" == "ON" ]]; then
+        echo "Packaging static framework for ${platform}."
+        mkdir -p "$(dirname "${base_dir}/${output_lib}")"
+        cp "${temp_dir}/combined.a" "${base_dir}/${output_lib}"
+        rm -rf "${temp_dir}"
+        return
+    fi
+
     # Create dynamic library
     echo "Creating dynamic library for ${platform}."
     xcrun -sdk $sdk clang++ -dynamiclib \
@@ -529,13 +539,27 @@ combine_static_libraries "build-tvos-device" "Release-appletvos" "tvos" "false"
 
 # Create XCFramework with correct debug symbols paths
 echo "Creating XCFramework..."
+
+if [[ "${BUILD_STATIC_XCFRAMEWORK}" == "ON" ]]; then
+    xcodebuild -create-xcframework \
+        -framework $(pwd)/build-ios-sim/framework/whisper.framework \
+        -framework $(pwd)/build-ios-device/framework/whisper.framework \
+        -framework $(pwd)/build-macos/framework/whisper.framework \
+        -framework $(pwd)/build-visionos/framework/whisper.framework \
+        -framework $(pwd)/build-visionos-sim/framework/whisper.framework \
+        -framework $(pwd)/build-tvos-device/framework/whisper.framework \
+        -framework $(pwd)/build-tvos-sim/framework/whisper.framework \
+        -output $(pwd)/build-apple/whisper.xcframework
+    exit 0
+fi
+
 xcodebuild -create-xcframework \
     -framework $(pwd)/build-ios-sim/framework/whisper.framework \
     -debug-symbols $(pwd)/build-ios-sim/dSYMs/whisper.dSYM \
     -framework $(pwd)/build-ios-device/framework/whisper.framework \
     -debug-symbols $(pwd)/build-ios-device/dSYMs/whisper.dSYM \
     -framework $(pwd)/build-macos/framework/whisper.framework \
-    -debug-symbols $(pwd)/build-macos/dSYMS/whisper.dSYM \
+    -debug-symbols $(pwd)/build-macos/dSYMs/whisper.dSYM \
     -framework $(pwd)/build-visionos/framework/whisper.framework \
     -debug-symbols $(pwd)/build-visionos/dSYMs/whisper.dSYM \
     -framework $(pwd)/build-visionos-sim/framework/whisper.framework \
diff --git a/ci/run.sh b/ci/run.sh
index 6c770416e2f..cbe28442e16 100644
--- a/ci/run.sh
+++ b/ci/run.sh
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ mkdir -p "$2"
 OUT=$(realpath "$1")
 MNT=$(realpath "$2")
 
-rm -f "$OUT/*.log"
-rm -f "$OUT/*.exit"
-rm -f "$OUT/*.md"
+rm -vf $OUT/*.log
+rm -vf $OUT/*.exit
+rm -vf $OUT/*.md
 
 sd=`dirname $0`
 cd $sd/../
@@ -50,8 +50,35 @@ fi
 
 CMAKE_EXTRA="-DWHISPER_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON"
 
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_METAL} ]; then
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_METAL=ON"
+fi
+
 if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_CUDA} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=native"
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_CUDA=ON"
+
+    if command -v nvidia-smi >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        CUDA_ARCH=$(nvidia-smi --query-gpu=compute_cap --format=csv,noheader,nounits 2>/dev/null | head -1 | tr -d '.')
+        if [[ -n "$CUDA_ARCH" && "$CUDA_ARCH" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+            CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=${CUDA_ARCH}"
+        else
+            echo "Warning: Using fallback CUDA architectures"
+            CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=61;70;75;80;86;89"
+        fi
+    else
+        echo "Error: nvidia-smi not found, cannot build with CUDA"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_ROCM} ]; then
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_HIP=ON"
+    if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS} ]; then
+        echo "Missing GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS, please set it to your GPU architecture (e.g. gfx90a, gfx1100, etc.)"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=${GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS}"
 fi
 
 if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_SYCL} ]; then
@@ -60,28 +87,38 @@ if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_SYCL} ]; then
         echo "source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh"
         exit 1
     fi
-
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON"
+    # Use only main GPU
+    export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:0"
+    # Enable sysman for correct memory reporting
+    export ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1
+    # to circumvent precision issues on CPY operations
+    export SYCL_PROGRAM_COMPILE_OPTIONS="-cl-fp32-correctly-rounded-divide-sqrt"
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_SYCL=1 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON"
 fi
 
-if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_OPENVINO} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DWHISPER_OPENVINO=ON"
-fi
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_VULKAN} ]; then
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_VULKAN=1"
+
+    # if on Mac, disable METAL
+    if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+        CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_METAL=OFF -DGGML_BLAS=OFF"
+    fi
 
-if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_METAL} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_METAL=ON"
 fi
 
-if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_VULKAN} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_VULKAN=ON"
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_WEBGPU} ]; then
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_WEBGPU=1"
 fi
 
-if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_BLAS} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_BLAS=ON"
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_MUSA} ]; then
+    # Use qy1 by default (MTT S80)
+    MUSA_ARCH=${MUSA_ARCH:-21}
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_MUSA=ON -DMUSA_ARCHITECTURES=${MUSA_ARCH}"
 fi
 
-if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_COREML} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DWHISPER_COREML=ON"
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_NO_SVE} ]; then
+    # arm 9 and newer enables sve by default, adjust these flags depending on the cpu used
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv8.5-a+fp16+i8mm"
 fi
 
 ## helpers
@@ -178,7 +215,7 @@ function gg_run_ctest {
     mode=$2
 
     cd ${SRC}
-    
+
     rm -rf build-ci-${mode} && mkdir build-ci-${mode} && cd build-ci-${mode}
 
     set -e
@@ -209,7 +246,7 @@ function gg_run_bench {
     cd ${SRC}
 
     # set flash attention flag if enabled
-    fattn=""
+    fattn="-nfa"
     if [ "$BENCH_FLASH_ATTN" -eq 1 ]; then
         fattn="-fa"
     fi
@@ -219,7 +256,7 @@ function gg_run_bench {
         echo "Running memcpy benchmark"
         (time ./build-ci-release/bin/whisper-bench -w 1 -t $BENCH_N_THREADS 2>&1) | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-memcpy.log
         gg_check_last_command_status "$OUT/${ci}-memcpy.exit" "memcpy benchmark"
-        
+
         echo "Running ggml_mul_mat benchmark with $BENCH_N_THREADS threads"
         (time ./build-ci-release/bin/whisper-bench -w 2 -t $BENCH_N_THREADS 2>&1) | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-mul_mat.log
         gg_check_last_command_status "$OUT/${ci}-mul_mat.exit" "ggml_mul_mat benchmark"
@@ -233,6 +270,8 @@ function gg_run_bench {
         printf "| %16s | %13s | %3s | %3s | %7s | %7s | %7s | %7s | %7s |\n" "---" "---" "---" "---" "---" "---" "---" "---" "---"
     } | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-models-table.log
 
+    res=0
+
     # run benchmark for each model
     for model in "${MODELS[@]}"; do
         echo "Benchmarking model: $model"
@@ -283,8 +322,11 @@ function gg_run_bench {
                 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-models-table.log
         else
             echo "Benchmark failed for model: $model" | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-bench-errors.log
+            res=1
         fi
     done
+
+    return $res
 }
 
 function gg_sum_bench {
@@ -326,11 +368,12 @@ ret=0
 for model in "${MODELS[@]}"; do
     test $ret -eq 0 && gg_download_model ${model}
 done
-if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_SYCL}]; then
-    test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run ctest debug
-fi
+
+test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run ctest debug
 test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run ctest release
 
 test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run bench
 
+cat $OUT/README.md
+
 exit $ret
diff --git a/close-issue.yml b/close-issue.yml
index 276a217d450..f661de1cd45 100644
--- a/close-issue.yml
+++ b/close-issue.yml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       issues: write
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v5
+      - uses: actions/stale@v10
         with:
           exempt-issue-labels: "refactor,help wanted,good first issue,research,bug,roadmap"
           days-before-issue-stale: 30
diff --git a/cmake/arm64-apple-clang.cmake b/cmake/arm64-apple-clang.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5fcd2882afc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/arm64-apple-clang.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin )
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm64 )
+
+set( target arm64-apple-darwin-macho )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_COMPILER    clang )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER  clang++ )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET   ${target} )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_TARGET ${target} )
+
+set( arch_c_flags "-march=armv8.4-a -fvectorize -ffp-model=fast -fno-finite-math-only" )
+set( warn_c_flags "-Wno-format -Wno-unused-variable -Wno-unused-function" )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_FLAGS_INIT   "${arch_c_flags} ${warn_c_flags}" )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_INIT "${arch_c_flags} ${warn_c_flags}" )
diff --git a/cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake b/cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..80237968006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows )
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm64 )
+
+set( target arm64-pc-windows-msvc )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_COMPILER    clang )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER  clang++ )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET   ${target} )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_TARGET ${target} )
+
+set( arch_c_flags "-march=armv8.7-a -fvectorize -ffp-model=fast -fno-finite-math-only" )
+set( warn_c_flags "-Wno-format -Wno-unused-variable -Wno-unused-function -Wno-gnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments" )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_FLAGS_INIT   "${arch_c_flags} ${warn_c_flags}" )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_INIT "${arch_c_flags} ${warn_c_flags}" )
diff --git a/cmake/riscv64-spacemit-linux-gnu-gcc.cmake b/cmake/riscv64-spacemit-linux-gnu-gcc.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08fdbf50630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/riscv64-spacemit-linux-gnu-gcc.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR riscv64)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
+
+if (CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(riscv)")
+    message(STATUS "HOST SYSTEM ${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+else()
+    set(GNU_MACHINE riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu CACHE STRING "GNU compiler triple")
+    if (DEFINED ENV{RISCV_ROOT_PATH})
+        file(TO_CMAKE_PATH $ENV{RISCV_ROOT_PATH} RISCV_ROOT_PATH)
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "RISCV_ROOT_PATH env must be defined")
+    endif()
+
+    set(RISCV_ROOT_PATH ${RISCV_ROOT_PATH} CACHE STRING "root path to riscv toolchain")
+    set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER ${RISCV_ROOT_PATH}/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${RISCV_ROOT_PATH}/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++)
+    set(CMAKE_STRIP ${RISCV_ROOT_PATH}/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-strip)
+    set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH "${RISCV_ROOT_PATH}/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu")
+    set(CMAKE_SYSROOT "${RISCV_ROOT_PATH}/sysroot")
+endif()
+
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-march=rv64gcv_zfh_zba_zicbop -mabi=lp64d ${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-march=rv64gcv_zfh_zba_zicbop -mabi=lp64d ${CXX_FLAGS}")
+set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -latomic")
diff --git a/cmake/whisper-config.cmake.in b/cmake/whisper-config.cmake.in
index 6a3fa22701f..b70c1e5af44 100644
--- a/cmake/whisper-config.cmake.in
+++ b/cmake/whisper-config.cmake.in
@@ -3,60 +3,25 @@ set(WHISPER_BUILD_COMMIT @WHISPER_BUILD_COMMIT@)
 set(WHISPER_BUILD_NUMBER @WHISPER_BUILD_NUMBER@)
 set(WHISPER_SHARED_LIB   @BUILD_SHARED_LIBS@)
 
-set(GGML_BLAS       @GGML_BLAS@)
-set(GGML_CUDA       @GGML_CUDA@)
-set(GGML_METAL      @GGML_METAL@)
-set(GGML_HIPBLAS    @GGML_HIPBLAS@)
-set(GGML_ACCELERATE @GGML_ACCELERATE@)
-
 @PACKAGE_INIT@
 
 set_and_check(WHISPER_INCLUDE_DIR "@PACKAGE_WHISPER_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR@")
 set_and_check(WHISPER_LIB_DIR     "@PACKAGE_WHISPER_LIB_INSTALL_DIR@")
 set_and_check(WHISPER_BIN_DIR     "@PACKAGE_WHISPER_BIN_INSTALL_DIR@")
 
-# Ensure transient dependencies satisfied
-
-find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
-
-if (APPLE AND GGML_ACCELERATE)
-    find_library(ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK Accelerate REQUIRED)
-endif()
-
-if (GGML_BLAS)
-    find_package(BLAS REQUIRED)
-endif()
-
-if (GGML_CUDA)
-    find_package(CUDAToolkit REQUIRED)
-endif()
-
-if (GGML_METAL)
-    find_library(FOUNDATION_LIBRARY Foundation REQUIRED)
-    find_library(METAL_FRAMEWORK Metal REQUIRED)
-    find_library(METALKIT_FRAMEWORK MetalKit REQUIRED)
-endif()
-
-if (GGML_HIPBLAS)
-    find_package(hip REQUIRED)
-    find_package(hipblas REQUIRED)
-    find_package(rocblas REQUIRED)
-endif()
+find_package(ggml REQUIRED HINTS ${LLAMA_LIB_DIR}/cmake)
 
 find_library(whisper_LIBRARY whisper
     REQUIRED
-    HINTS ${WHISPER_LIB_DIR})
-
-set(_whisper_link_deps "Threads::Threads" "@WHISPER_EXTRA_LIBS@")
-set(_whisper_transient_defines "@WHISPER_TRANSIENT_DEFINES@")
+    HINTS ${WHISPER_LIB_DIR}
+    NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
+)
 
 add_library(whisper UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
-
 set_target_properties(whisper
     PROPERTIES
     INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${WHISPER_INCLUDE_DIR}"
-        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${_whisper_link_deps}"
-        INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "${_whisper_transient_defines}"
+        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml;ggml::ggml-base;"
         IMPORTED_LINK_INTERFACE_LANGUAGES "CXX"
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${whisper_LIBRARY}"
         INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES cxx_std_11
diff --git a/cmake/x64-windows-llvm.cmake b/cmake/x64-windows-llvm.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77e79140798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/x64-windows-llvm.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows )
+set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR x86_64 )
+
+set( CMAKE_C_COMPILER    clang )
+set( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER  clang++ )
diff --git a/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
index c37a2e6dda1..b202ca00b77 100644
--- a/examples/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ if (EMSCRIPTEN)
     add_subdirectory(stream.wasm)
     add_subdirectory(command.wasm)
     add_subdirectory(bench.wasm)
+    add_subdirectory(wchess)
 elseif(CMAKE_JS_VERSION)
     add_subdirectory(addon.node)
 else()
diff --git a/examples/addon.node/README.md b/examples/addon.node/README.md
index 16df7d95870..bb09ba104c6 100644
--- a/examples/addon.node/README.md
+++ b/examples/addon.node/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-# addon
+# whisper.cpp Node.js addon
 
 This is an addon demo that can **perform whisper model reasoning in `node` and `electron` environments**, based on [cmake-js](https://github.com/cmake-js/cmake-js).
 It can be used as a reference for using the whisper.cpp project in other node projects.
 
+This addon now supports **Voice Activity Detection (VAD)** for improved transcription performance.
+
 ## Install
 
 ```shell
@@ -26,12 +28,88 @@ For Electron addon and cmake-js options, you can see [cmake-js](https://github.c
 
 ## Run
 
+### Basic Usage
+
 ```shell
 cd examples/addon.node
 
 node index.js --language='language' --model='model-path' --fname_inp='file-path'
 ```
 
-Because this is a simple Demo, only the above parameters are set in the node environment.
+### VAD (Voice Activity Detection) Usage
+
+Run the VAD example with performance comparison:
+
+```shell
+node vad-example.js
+```
+
+## Voice Activity Detection (VAD) Support
+
+VAD can significantly improve transcription performance by only processing speech segments, which is especially beneficial for audio files with long periods of silence.
+
+### VAD Model Setup
+
+Before using VAD, download a VAD model:
+
+```shell
+# From the whisper.cpp root directory
+./models/download-vad-model.sh silero-v6.2.0
+```
+
+### VAD Parameters
+
+All VAD parameters are optional and have sensible defaults:
+
+- `vad`: Enable VAD (default: false)
+- `vad_model`: Path to VAD model file (required when VAD enabled)
+- `vad_threshold`: Speech detection threshold 0.0-1.0 (default: 0.5)
+- `vad_min_speech_duration_ms`: Min speech duration in ms (default: 250)
+- `vad_min_silence_duration_ms`: Min silence duration in ms (default: 100)
+- `vad_max_speech_duration_s`: Max speech duration in seconds (default: FLT_MAX)
+- `vad_speech_pad_ms`: Speech padding in ms (default: 30)
+- `vad_samples_overlap`: Sample overlap 0.0-1.0 (default: 0.1)
+
+### JavaScript API Example
+
+```javascript
+const path = require("path");
+const { whisper } = require(path.join(__dirname, "../../build/Release/addon.node"));
+const { promisify } = require("util");
+
+const whisperAsync = promisify(whisper);
+
+// With VAD enabled
+const vadParams = {
+  language: "en",
+  model: path.join(__dirname, "../../models/ggml-base.en.bin"),
+  fname_inp: path.join(__dirname, "../../samples/jfk.wav"),
+  vad: true,
+  vad_model: path.join(__dirname, "../../models/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin"),
+  vad_threshold: 0.5,
+  progress_callback: (progress) => console.log(`Progress: ${progress}%`)
+};
+
+whisperAsync(vadParams).then(result => console.log(result));
+```
+
+## Supported Parameters
+
+Both traditional whisper.cpp parameters and new VAD parameters are supported:
 
-Other parameters can also be specified in the node environment.
+- `language`: Language code (e.g., "en", "es", "fr")
+- `model`: Path to whisper model file
+- `fname_inp`: Path to input audio file
+- `use_gpu`: Enable GPU acceleration (default: true)
+- `flash_attn`: Enable flash attention (default: false)
+- `no_prints`: Disable console output (default: false)
+- `no_timestamps`: Disable timestamps (default: false)
+- `detect_language`: Auto-detect language (default: false)
+- `audio_ctx`: Audio context size (default: 0)
+- `max_len`: Maximum segment length (default: 0)
+- `max_context`: Maximum context size (default: -1)
+- `prompt`: Initial prompt for decoder
+- `comma_in_time`: Use comma in timestamps (default: true)
+- `print_progress`: Print progress info (default: false)
+- `progress_callback`: Progress callback function
+- VAD parameters (see above section)
diff --git a/examples/addon.node/__test__/whisper.spec.js b/examples/addon.node/__test__/whisper.spec.js
index ce063211efe..b07430aa249 100644
--- a/examples/addon.node/__test__/whisper.spec.js
+++ b/examples/addon.node/__test__/whisper.spec.js
@@ -1,39 +1,133 @@
-const path = require("path");
-const { whisper } = require(path.join(
-  __dirname,
-  "../../../build/Release/addon.node"
-));
-const { promisify } = require("util");
+const { join } = require('path');
+const { whisper } = require('../../../build/Release/addon.node');
+const { promisify } = require('util');
 
 const whisperAsync = promisify(whisper);
 
-const whisperParamsMock = {
-  language: "en",
-  model: path.join(__dirname, "../../../models/ggml-base.en.bin"),
-  fname_inp: path.join(__dirname, "../../../samples/jfk.wav"),
+const commonParams = {
+  language: 'en',
+  model: join(__dirname, '../../../models/ggml-base.en.bin'),
+  fname_inp: join(__dirname, '../../../samples/jfk.wav'),
   use_gpu: true,
   flash_attn: false,
   no_prints: true,
-  comma_in_time: false,
-  translate: true,
   no_timestamps: false,
   detect_language: false,
   audio_ctx: 0,
-  max_len: 0,
-  prompt: "",
-  print_progress: false,
-  progress_callback: (progress) => {
-    console.log(`Progress: ${progress}`);
-  },
-  max_context: -1
+  max_len: 0
 };
 
-describe("Run whisper.node", () => {
-    test("it should receive a non-empty value", async () => {
-        let result = await whisperAsync(whisperParamsMock);
-      console.log(result);
+describe('Whisper.cpp Node.js addon with VAD support', () => {
+  test('Basic whisper transcription without VAD', async () => {
+    const params = {
+      ...commonParams,
+      vad: false
+    };
 
-        expect(result['transcription'].length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-    }, 10000);
+    const result = await whisperAsync(params);
+    
+    expect(typeof result).toBe('object');
+    expect(Array.isArray(result.transcription)).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.transcription.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    
+    // Check that we got some transcription text
+    const text = result.transcription.map(segment => segment[2]).join(' ');
+    expect(text.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(text.toLowerCase()).toContain('ask not');
+  }, 30000);
+
+  test('VAD parameters validation', async () => {
+    // Test with invalid VAD model - should return empty transcription
+    const invalidParams = {
+      ...commonParams,
+      vad: true,
+      vad_model: 'non-existent-model.bin',
+      vad_threshold: 0.5
+    };
+
+    // This should handle the error gracefully and return empty transcription
+    const result = await whisperAsync(invalidParams);
+    expect(typeof result).toBe('object');
+    expect(Array.isArray(result.transcription)).toBe(true);
+    // When VAD model doesn't exist, it should return empty transcription
+    expect(result.transcription.length).toBe(0);
+  }, 10000);
+
+  test('VAD parameter parsing', async () => {
+    // Test that VAD parameters are properly parsed (even if VAD model doesn't exist)
+    const vadParams = {
+      ...commonParams,
+      vad: false, // Disabled so no model required
+      vad_threshold: 0.7,
+      vad_min_speech_duration_ms: 300,
+      vad_min_silence_duration_ms: 150,
+      vad_max_speech_duration_s: 45.0,
+      vad_speech_pad_ms: 50,
+      vad_samples_overlap: 0.15
+    };
+
+    const result = await whisperAsync(vadParams);
+    
+    expect(typeof result).toBe('object');
+    expect(Array.isArray(result.transcription)).toBe(true);
+  }, 30000);
+
+  test('Progress callback with VAD disabled', async () => {
+    let progressCalled = false;
+    let lastProgress = 0;
+
+    const params = {
+      ...commonParams,
+      vad: false,
+      progress_callback: (progress) => {
+        progressCalled = true;
+        lastProgress = progress;
+        expect(progress).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(progress).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+      }
+    };
+
+    const result = await whisperAsync(params);
+    
+    expect(progressCalled).toBe(true);
+    expect(lastProgress).toBe(100);
+    expect(typeof result).toBe('object');
+  }, 30000);
+
+  test('Language detection without VAD', async () => {
+    const params = {
+      ...commonParams,
+      vad: false,
+      detect_language: true,
+      language: 'auto'
+    };
+
+    const result = await whisperAsync(params);
+    
+    expect(typeof result).toBe('object');
+    expect(typeof result.language).toBe('string');
+    expect(result.language.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  }, 30000);
+
+  test('Basic transcription with all VAD parameters set', async () => {
+    // Test with VAD disabled but all parameters set to ensure no crashes
+    const params = {
+      ...commonParams,
+      vad: false, // Disabled so it works without VAD model
+      vad_model: '', // Empty model path
+      vad_threshold: 0.6,
+      vad_min_speech_duration_ms: 200,
+      vad_min_silence_duration_ms: 80,
+      vad_max_speech_duration_s: 25.0,
+      vad_speech_pad_ms: 40,
+      vad_samples_overlap: 0.08
+    };
+
+    const result = await whisperAsync(params);
+    
+    expect(typeof result).toBe('object');
+    expect(Array.isArray(result.transcription)).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.transcription.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  }, 30000);
 });
 
diff --git a/examples/addon.node/addon.cpp b/examples/addon.node/addon.cpp
index 67b1ec92d7b..71f65b0423c 100644
--- a/examples/addon.node/addon.cpp
+++ b/examples/addon.node/addon.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cfloat>
 
 struct whisper_params {
     int32_t n_threads    = std::min(4, (int32_t) std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
@@ -51,6 +52,16 @@ struct whisper_params {
     std::vector<std::string> fname_out = {};
 
     std::vector<float> pcmf32 = {}; // mono-channel F32 PCM
+
+    // Voice Activity Detection (VAD) parameters
+    bool        vad           = false;
+    std::string vad_model     = "";
+    float       vad_threshold = 0.5f;
+    int         vad_min_speech_duration_ms = 250;
+    int         vad_min_silence_duration_ms = 100;
+    float       vad_max_speech_duration_s = FLT_MAX;
+    int         vad_speech_pad_ms = 30;
+    float       vad_samples_overlap = 0.1f;
 };
 
 struct whisper_print_user_data {
@@ -196,7 +207,7 @@ class ProgressWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             auto callback = [progress](Napi::Env env, Napi::Function jsCallback) {
                 jsCallback.Call({Napi::Number::New(env, progress)});
             };
-            
+
             tsfn.BlockingCall(callback);
         }
     }
@@ -333,16 +344,16 @@ class ProgressWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
                 };
                 wparams.progress_callback_user_data = this;
 
-                // Abort mechanism example
-                {
-                    static bool is_aborted = false; // Note: this should be atomic to avoid data races
+                // Set VAD parameters
+                wparams.vad            = params.vad;
+                wparams.vad_model_path = params.vad_model.c_str();
 
-                    wparams.encoder_begin_callback = [](struct whisper_context * /*ctx*/, struct whisper_state * /*state*/, void * user_data) {
-                        bool is_aborted = *(bool*)user_data;
-                        return !is_aborted;
-                    };
-                    wparams.encoder_begin_callback_user_data = &is_aborted;
-                }
+                wparams.vad_params.threshold               = params.vad_threshold;
+                wparams.vad_params.min_speech_duration_ms  = params.vad_min_speech_duration_ms;
+                wparams.vad_params.min_silence_duration_ms = params.vad_min_silence_duration_ms;
+                wparams.vad_params.max_speech_duration_s   = params.vad_max_speech_duration_s;
+                wparams.vad_params.speech_pad_ms           = params.vad_speech_pad_ms;
+                wparams.vad_params.samples_overlap         = params.vad_samples_overlap;
 
                 if (whisper_full_parallel(ctx, wparams, pcmf32.data(), pcmf32.size(), params.n_processors) != 0) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "failed to process audio\n");
@@ -385,30 +396,62 @@ Napi::Value whisper(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   std::string language = whisper_params.Get("language").As<Napi::String>();
   std::string model = whisper_params.Get("model").As<Napi::String>();
   std::string input = whisper_params.Get("fname_inp").As<Napi::String>();
-  bool use_gpu = whisper_params.Get("use_gpu").As<Napi::Boolean>();
-  bool flash_attn = whisper_params.Get("flash_attn").As<Napi::Boolean>();
-  bool no_prints = whisper_params.Get("no_prints").As<Napi::Boolean>();
-  bool no_timestamps = whisper_params.Get("no_timestamps").As<Napi::Boolean>();
-  bool detect_language = whisper_params.Get("detect_language").As<Napi::Boolean>();
-  int32_t audio_ctx = whisper_params.Get("audio_ctx").As<Napi::Number>();
-  bool comma_in_time = whisper_params.Get("comma_in_time").As<Napi::Boolean>();
-  int32_t max_len = whisper_params.Get("max_len").As<Napi::Number>();
-  
+
+  bool use_gpu = true;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("use_gpu") && whisper_params.Get("use_gpu").IsBoolean()) {
+    use_gpu = whisper_params.Get("use_gpu").As<Napi::Boolean>();
+  }
+
+  bool flash_attn = false;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("flash_attn") && whisper_params.Get("flash_attn").IsBoolean()) {
+    flash_attn = whisper_params.Get("flash_attn").As<Napi::Boolean>();
+  }
+
+  bool no_prints = false;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("no_prints") && whisper_params.Get("no_prints").IsBoolean()) {
+    no_prints = whisper_params.Get("no_prints").As<Napi::Boolean>();
+  }
+
+  bool no_timestamps = false;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("no_timestamps") && whisper_params.Get("no_timestamps").IsBoolean()) {
+    no_timestamps = whisper_params.Get("no_timestamps").As<Napi::Boolean>();
+  }
+
+  bool detect_language = false;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("detect_language") && whisper_params.Get("detect_language").IsBoolean()) {
+    detect_language = whisper_params.Get("detect_language").As<Napi::Boolean>();
+  }
+
+  int32_t audio_ctx = 0;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("audio_ctx") && whisper_params.Get("audio_ctx").IsNumber()) {
+    audio_ctx = whisper_params.Get("audio_ctx").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
+  bool comma_in_time = true;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("comma_in_time") && whisper_params.Get("comma_in_time").IsBoolean()) {
+    comma_in_time = whisper_params.Get("comma_in_time").As<Napi::Boolean>();
+  }
+
+  int32_t max_len = 0;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("max_len") && whisper_params.Get("max_len").IsNumber()) {
+    max_len = whisper_params.Get("max_len").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
   // Add support for max_context
   int32_t max_context = -1;
   if (whisper_params.Has("max_context") && whisper_params.Get("max_context").IsNumber()) {
     max_context = whisper_params.Get("max_context").As<Napi::Number>();
   }
-  
+
   // support prompt
   std::string prompt = "";
   if (whisper_params.Has("prompt") && whisper_params.Get("prompt").IsString()) {
     prompt = whisper_params.Get("prompt").As<Napi::String>();
   }
-  
+
   // Add support for print_progress
   bool print_progress = false;
-  if (whisper_params.Has("print_progress")) {
+  if (whisper_params.Has("print_progress") && whisper_params.Get("print_progress").IsBoolean()) {
     print_progress = whisper_params.Get("print_progress").As<Napi::Boolean>();
   }
   // Add support for progress_callback
@@ -417,6 +460,47 @@ Napi::Value whisper(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
     progress_callback = whisper_params.Get("progress_callback").As<Napi::Function>();
   }
 
+  // Add support for VAD parameters
+  bool vad = false;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad") && whisper_params.Get("vad").IsBoolean()) {
+    vad = whisper_params.Get("vad").As<Napi::Boolean>();
+  }
+
+  std::string vad_model = "";
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad_model") && whisper_params.Get("vad_model").IsString()) {
+    vad_model = whisper_params.Get("vad_model").As<Napi::String>();
+  }
+
+  float vad_threshold = 0.5f;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad_threshold") && whisper_params.Get("vad_threshold").IsNumber()) {
+    vad_threshold = whisper_params.Get("vad_threshold").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
+  int vad_min_speech_duration_ms = 250;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad_min_speech_duration_ms") && whisper_params.Get("vad_min_speech_duration_ms").IsNumber()) {
+    vad_min_speech_duration_ms = whisper_params.Get("vad_min_speech_duration_ms").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
+  int vad_min_silence_duration_ms = 100;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad_min_silence_duration_ms") && whisper_params.Get("vad_min_silence_duration_ms").IsNumber()) {
+    vad_min_silence_duration_ms = whisper_params.Get("vad_min_silence_duration_ms").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
+  float vad_max_speech_duration_s = FLT_MAX;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad_max_speech_duration_s") && whisper_params.Get("vad_max_speech_duration_s").IsNumber()) {
+    vad_max_speech_duration_s = whisper_params.Get("vad_max_speech_duration_s").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
+  int vad_speech_pad_ms = 30;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad_speech_pad_ms") && whisper_params.Get("vad_speech_pad_ms").IsNumber()) {
+    vad_speech_pad_ms = whisper_params.Get("vad_speech_pad_ms").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
+  float vad_samples_overlap = 0.1f;
+  if (whisper_params.Has("vad_samples_overlap") && whisper_params.Get("vad_samples_overlap").IsNumber()) {
+    vad_samples_overlap = whisper_params.Get("vad_samples_overlap").As<Napi::Number>();
+  }
+
   Napi::Value pcmf32Value = whisper_params.Get("pcmf32");
   std::vector<float> pcmf32_vec;
   if (pcmf32Value.IsTypedArray()) {
@@ -444,6 +528,16 @@ Napi::Value whisper(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   params.prompt = prompt;
   params.detect_language = detect_language;
 
+  // Set VAD parameters
+  params.vad = vad;
+  params.vad_model = vad_model;
+  params.vad_threshold = vad_threshold;
+  params.vad_min_speech_duration_ms = vad_min_speech_duration_ms;
+  params.vad_min_silence_duration_ms = vad_min_silence_duration_ms;
+  params.vad_max_speech_duration_s = vad_max_speech_duration_s;
+  params.vad_speech_pad_ms = vad_speech_pad_ms;
+  params.vad_samples_overlap = vad_samples_overlap;
+
   Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
   // Create a new Worker class with progress callback support
   ProgressWorker* worker = new ProgressWorker(callback, params, progress_callback, env);
diff --git a/examples/addon.node/index.js b/examples/addon.node/index.js
index 9324d6fa548..2e4ed610b66 100644
--- a/examples/addon.node/index.js
+++ b/examples/addon.node/index.js
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-const path = require("path");
-const { whisper } = require(path.join(
-  __dirname,
-  "../../build/Release/addon.node"
-));
+const path = require('path');
+const os = require('os');
+
+const isWindows = os.platform() === 'win32';
+const buildPath = isWindows ? "../../build/bin/Release/addon.node" : "../../build/Release/addon.node";
+
+const { whisper } = require(path.join(__dirname, buildPath));
 const { promisify } = require("util");
 
 const whisperAsync = promisify(whisper);
diff --git a/examples/addon.node/vad-example.js b/examples/addon.node/vad-example.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bdbb5ec540d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/addon.node/vad-example.js
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+const path = require("path");
+const { whisper } = require(path.join(
+  __dirname,
+  "../../build/Release/addon.node"
+));
+const { promisify } = require("util");
+
+const whisperAsync = promisify(whisper);
+
+// Example with VAD enabled
+const vadParams = {
+  language: "en",
+  model: path.join(__dirname, "../../models/ggml-base.en.bin"),
+  fname_inp: path.join(__dirname, "../../samples/jfk.wav"),
+  use_gpu: true,
+  flash_attn: false,
+  no_prints: false,
+  comma_in_time: true,
+  translate: false,
+  no_timestamps: false,
+  detect_language: false,
+  audio_ctx: 0,
+  max_len: 0,
+  // VAD parameters
+  vad: true,
+  vad_model: path.join(__dirname, "../../models/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin"), // You need to download this model
+  vad_threshold: 0.5,
+  vad_min_speech_duration_ms: 250,
+  vad_min_silence_duration_ms: 100,
+  vad_max_speech_duration_s: 30.0,
+  vad_speech_pad_ms: 30,
+  vad_samples_overlap: 0.1,
+  progress_callback: (progress) => {
+    console.log(`VAD Transcription progress: ${progress}%`);
+  }
+};
+
+// Example without VAD (traditional approach)
+const traditionalParams = {
+  language: "en",
+  model: path.join(__dirname, "../../models/ggml-base.en.bin"),
+  fname_inp: path.join(__dirname, "../../samples/jfk.wav"),
+  use_gpu: true,
+  flash_attn: false,
+  no_prints: false,
+  comma_in_time: true,
+  translate: false,
+  no_timestamps: false,
+  detect_language: false,
+  audio_ctx: 0,
+  max_len: 0,
+  vad: false, // Explicitly disable VAD
+  progress_callback: (progress) => {
+    console.log(`Traditional transcription progress: ${progress}%`);
+  }
+};
+
+async function runVADExample() {
+  try {
+    console.log("=== Whisper.cpp Node.js VAD Example ===\n");
+    
+    // Check if VAD model exists
+    const fs = require('fs');
+    if (!fs.existsSync(vadParams.vad_model)) {
+      console.log("⚠️  VAD model not found. Please download the VAD model first:");
+      console.log("   ./models/download-vad-model.sh silero-v6.2.0");
+      console.log("   Or run: python models/convert-silero-vad-to-ggml.py");
+      console.log("\n   Falling back to traditional transcription without VAD...\n");
+      
+      // Run without VAD
+      console.log("🎵 Running traditional transcription...");
+      const traditionalResult = await whisperAsync(traditionalParams);
+      console.log("\n📝 Traditional transcription result:");
+      console.log(traditionalResult);
+      return;
+    }
+    
+    console.log("🎵 Running transcription with VAD enabled...");
+    console.log("VAD Parameters:");
+    console.log(`  - Threshold: ${vadParams.vad_threshold}`);
+    console.log(`  - Min speech duration: ${vadParams.vad_min_speech_duration_ms}ms`);
+    console.log(`  - Min silence duration: ${vadParams.vad_min_silence_duration_ms}ms`);
+    console.log(`  - Max speech duration: ${vadParams.vad_max_speech_duration_s}s`);
+    console.log(`  - Speech padding: ${vadParams.vad_speech_pad_ms}ms`);
+    console.log(`  - Samples overlap: ${vadParams.vad_samples_overlap}\n`);
+    
+    const startTime = Date.now();
+    const vadResult = await whisperAsync(vadParams);
+    const vadDuration = Date.now() - startTime;
+    
+    console.log("\n✅ VAD transcription completed!");
+    console.log(`⏱️  Processing time: ${vadDuration}ms`);
+    console.log("\n📝 VAD transcription result:");
+    console.log(vadResult);
+    
+    // Compare with traditional approach
+    console.log("\n🔄 Running traditional transcription for comparison...");
+    const traditionalStartTime = Date.now();
+    const traditionalResult = await whisperAsync(traditionalParams);
+    const traditionalDuration = Date.now() - traditionalStartTime;
+    
+    console.log("\n✅ Traditional transcription completed!");
+    console.log(`⏱️  Processing time: ${traditionalDuration}ms`);
+    console.log("\n📝 Traditional transcription result:");
+    console.log(traditionalResult);
+    
+    // Performance comparison
+    console.log("\n📊 Performance Comparison:");
+    console.log(`VAD:         ${vadDuration}ms`);
+    console.log(`Traditional: ${traditionalDuration}ms`);
+    const speedup = traditionalDuration / vadDuration;
+    if (speedup > 1) {
+      console.log(`🚀 VAD is ${speedup.toFixed(2)}x faster!`);
+    } else {
+      console.log(`ℹ️  Traditional approach was ${(1/speedup).toFixed(2)}x faster in this case.`);
+    }
+    
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("❌ Error during transcription:", error);
+  }
+}
+
+// Run the example
+if (require.main === module) {
+  runVADExample();
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  runVADExample,
+  vadParams,
+  traditionalParams
+}; 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/bench.wasm/README.md b/examples/bench.wasm/README.md
index 726d4d08e0a..0ebf0a21f2d 100644
--- a/examples/bench.wasm/README.md
+++ b/examples/bench.wasm/README.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Benchmark the performance of whisper.cpp in the browser using WebAssembly
 
-Link: https://ggerganov.github.io/whisper.cpp/bench.wasm
+Link: https://ggml.ai/whisper.cpp/bench.wasm/
 
 Terminal version: [examples/bench](/examples/bench)
 
@@ -32,6 +32,16 @@ cp bin/libbench.js        /path/to/html/
 cp bin/libbench.worker.js /path/to/html/
 ```
 
+> 📝 **Note:** By default this example is built with `WHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=ON`
+> which means that that a separate .wasm file will not be generated. Instead, the
+> WASM module is embedded in the main JS file as a base64 encoded string. To
+> generate a separate .wasm file, you need to disable this option by passing
+> `-DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF`:
+> ```console
+> emcmake cmake .. -DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF
+> ```
+> This will generate a `libbench.wasm` file in the build/bin directory.
+
 > 📝 **Note:** As of Emscripten 3.1.58 (April 2024), separate worker.js files are no
 > longer generated and the worker is embedded in the main JS file. So the worker
 > file will not be geneated for versions later than `3.1.58`.
diff --git a/examples/bench.wasm/index-tmpl.html b/examples/bench.wasm/index-tmpl.html
index e9b49e07216..3a941747626 100644
--- a/examples/bench.wasm/index-tmpl.html
+++ b/examples/bench.wasm/index-tmpl.html
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
                 <a href="../bench.wasm/">bench</a> |
                 <a href="../stream.wasm">stream</a> |
                 <a href="../command.wasm/">command</a> |
+                <a href="../wchess.wasm/">wchess</a> |
 
             <br><br>
 
@@ -191,15 +192,15 @@
 
             function loadWhisper(model) {
                 let urls = {
-                    'tiny.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en.bin',
-                    'base.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en.bin',
-                    'small.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-small.en.bin',
-
-                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'small-en-q5_1': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-small.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'medium-en-q5_0':'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-medium.en-q5_0.bin',
-                    'large-q5_0':    'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-large-q5_0.bin',
+                    'tiny.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en.bin',
+                    'base.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en.bin',
+                    'small.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-small.en.bin',
+
+                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'small-en-q5_1': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-small.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'medium-en-q5_0':'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-medium.en-q5_0.bin',
+                    'large-q5_0':    'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-large-q5_0.bin',
                 };
 
                 let sizes = {
diff --git a/examples/bench/bench.cpp b/examples/bench/bench.cpp
index 979dca8ee47..049473d4f32 100644
--- a/examples/bench/bench.cpp
+++ b/examples/bench/bench.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ struct whisper_params {
     std::string model = "models/ggml-base.en.bin";
 
     bool use_gpu    = true;
-    bool flash_attn = false;
+    bool flash_attn = true;
 };
 
 void whisper_print_usage(int argc, char ** argv, const whisper_params & params);
@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ static bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params
             whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
             exit(0);
         }
-        else if (arg == "-t"  || arg == "--threads")    { params.n_threads  = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-m"  || arg == "--model")      { params.model      = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (arg == "-w"  || arg == "--what")       { params.what       = atoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-ng" || arg == "--no-gpu")     { params.use_gpu    = false; }
-        else if (arg == "-fa" || arg == "--flash-attn") { params.flash_attn = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-t"     || arg == "--threads")       { params.n_threads  = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-m"     || arg == "--model")         { params.model      = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-w"     || arg == "--what")          { params.what       = atoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-ng"    || arg == "--no-gpu")        { params.use_gpu    = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-fa"    || arg == "--flash-attn")    { params.flash_attn = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa"   || arg == "--no-flash-attn") { params.flash_attn = false; }
         else {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown argument: %s\n", arg.c_str());
             whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
@@ -46,15 +47,16 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
     fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", argv[0]);
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "options:\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -h,       --help        [default] show this help message and exit\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -t N,     --threads N   [%-7d] number of threads to use during computation\n", params.n_threads);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -m FNAME, --model FNAME [%-7s] model path\n",                                  params.model.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -w N,     --what N      [%-7d] what to benchmark:\n",                          params.what);
-    fprintf(stderr, "                           %-7s  0 - whisper\n",                                 "");
-    fprintf(stderr, "                           %-7s  1 - memcpy\n",                                  "");
-    fprintf(stderr, "                           %-7s  2 - ggml_mul_mat\n",                            "");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,      --no-gpu      [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                 params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,      --flash-attn  [%-7s] enable flash attention\n",                      params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -h,       --help          [default] show this help message and exit\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -t N,     --threads N     [%-7d] number of threads to use during computation\n", params.n_threads);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -m FNAME, --model FNAME   [%-7s] model path\n",                                  params.model.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -w N,     --what N        [%-7d] what to benchmark:\n",                          params.what);
+    fprintf(stderr, "                             %-7s  0 - whisper\n",                                 "");
+    fprintf(stderr, "                             %-7s  1 - memcpy\n",                                  "");
+    fprintf(stderr, "                             %-7s  2 - ggml_mul_mat\n",                            "");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,      --no-gpu        [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                 params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,      --flash-attn    [%-7s] enable flash attention\n",                      params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,     --no-flash-attn [%-7s] disable flash attention\n",                     params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 }
 
@@ -66,13 +68,12 @@ static int whisper_bench_full(const whisper_params & params) {
     cparams.use_gpu    = params.use_gpu;
     cparams.flash_attn = params.flash_attn;
 
-    struct whisper_context * ctx = whisper_init_from_file_with_params(params.model.c_str(), cparams);
-
     {
         fprintf(stderr, "\n");
         fprintf(stderr, "system_info: n_threads = %d / %d | %s\n", params.n_threads, std::thread::hardware_concurrency(), whisper_print_system_info());
     }
 
+    struct whisper_context * ctx = whisper_init_from_file_with_params(params.model.c_str(), cparams);
     if (ctx == nullptr) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize whisper context\n");
         return 2;
@@ -84,25 +85,38 @@ static int whisper_bench_full(const whisper_params & params) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to set mel: %d\n", ret);
         return 3;
     }
-    // heat encoder
-    if (int ret = whisper_encode(ctx, 0, params.n_threads) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode: %d\n", ret);
-        return 4;
-    }
 
     whisper_token tokens[512];
     memset(tokens, 0, sizeof(tokens));
 
-    // prompt heat
-    if (int ret = whisper_decode(ctx, tokens, 256, 0, params.n_threads) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to decode: %d\n", ret);
-        return 4;
-    }
+    // TODO: need 2 loops because of the current graph capture logic in the CUDA backend
+    //       https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/19754
+    for (int h = 0; h < 2; ++h) {
+        // heat encoder
+        if (int ret = whisper_encode(ctx, 0, params.n_threads) != 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode: %d\n", ret);
+            return 4;
+        }
 
-    // text-generation heat
-    if (int ret = whisper_decode(ctx, tokens, 1, 256, params.n_threads) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to decode: %d\n", ret);
-        return 4;
+        // prompt heat
+        if (int ret = whisper_decode(ctx, tokens, 256, 0, params.n_threads) != 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to decode: %d\n", ret);
+            return 4;
+        }
+
+        // text-generation heat
+        for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+            if (int ret = whisper_decode(ctx, tokens, 1, i, params.n_threads) != 0) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to decode: %d\n", ret);
+                return 4;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // batched heat
+        if (int ret = whisper_decode(ctx, tokens, 5, 0, params.n_threads) != 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to decode: %d\n", ret);
+            return 4;
+        }
     }
 
     whisper_reset_timings(ctx);
diff --git a/examples/cli/cli.cpp b/examples/cli/cli.cpp
index f73ed9ae078..4e84c1b2750 100644
--- a/examples/cli/cli.cpp
+++ b/examples/cli/cli.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "grammar-parser.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <string>
@@ -75,8 +76,10 @@ struct whisper_params {
     bool no_timestamps   = false;
     bool log_score       = false;
     bool use_gpu         = true;
-    bool flash_attn      = false;
+    bool flash_attn      = true;
+    int32_t gpu_device   = 0;
     bool suppress_nst    = false;
+    bool carry_initial_prompt = false;
 
     std::string language  = "en";
     std::string prompt;
@@ -127,6 +130,10 @@ static char * requires_value_error(const std::string & arg) {
 }
 
 static bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params) {
+    if (const char * env_device = std::getenv("WHISPER_ARG_DEVICE")) {
+        params.gpu_device = std::stoi(env_device);
+    }
+
     for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
         std::string arg = argv[i];
 
@@ -145,65 +152,68 @@ static bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params
             exit(0);
         }
         #define ARGV_NEXT (((i + 1) < argc) ? argv[++i] : requires_value_error(arg))
-        else if (arg == "-t"    || arg == "--threads")         { params.n_threads       = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-p"    || arg == "--processors")      { params.n_processors    = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-ot"   || arg == "--offset-t")        { params.offset_t_ms     = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-on"   || arg == "--offset-n")        { params.offset_n        = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-d"    || arg == "--duration")        { params.duration_ms     = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-mc"   || arg == "--max-context")     { params.max_context     = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-ml"   || arg == "--max-len")         { params.max_len         = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-bo"   || arg == "--best-of")         { params.best_of         = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-bs"   || arg == "--beam-size")       { params.beam_size       = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-ac"   || arg == "--audio-ctx")       { params.audio_ctx       = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-wt"   || arg == "--word-thold")      { params.word_thold      = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-et"   || arg == "--entropy-thold")   { params.entropy_thold   = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-lpt"  || arg == "--logprob-thold")   { params.logprob_thold   = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-nth"  || arg == "--no-speech-thold") { params.no_speech_thold = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-tp"   || arg == "--temperature")     { params.temperature     = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-tpi"  || arg == "--temperature-inc") { params.temperature_inc = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-debug"|| arg == "--debug-mode")      { params.debug_mode      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-tr"   || arg == "--translate")       { params.translate       = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-di"   || arg == "--diarize")         { params.diarize         = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-tdrz" || arg == "--tinydiarize")     { params.tinydiarize     = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-sow"  || arg == "--split-on-word")   { params.split_on_word   = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-nf"   || arg == "--no-fallback")     { params.no_fallback     = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-otxt" || arg == "--output-txt")      { params.output_txt      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ovtt" || arg == "--output-vtt")      { params.output_vtt      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-osrt" || arg == "--output-srt")      { params.output_srt      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-owts" || arg == "--output-words")    { params.output_wts      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-olrc" || arg == "--output-lrc")      { params.output_lrc      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-fp"   || arg == "--font-path")       { params.font_path       = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (arg == "-ocsv" || arg == "--output-csv")      { params.output_csv      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-oj"   || arg == "--output-json")     { params.output_jsn      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ojf"  || arg == "--output-json-full"){ params.output_jsn_full = params.output_jsn = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-of"   || arg == "--output-file")     { params.fname_out.emplace_back(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-np"   || arg == "--no-prints")       { params.no_prints       = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ps"   || arg == "--print-special")   { params.print_special   = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-pc"   || arg == "--print-colors")    { params.print_colors    = true; }
-        else if (                  arg == "--print-confidence"){ params.print_confidence= true; }
-        else if (arg == "-pp"   || arg == "--print-progress")  { params.print_progress  = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-nt"   || arg == "--no-timestamps")   { params.no_timestamps   = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-l"    || arg == "--language")        { params.language        = whisper_param_turn_lowercase(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-dl"   || arg == "--detect-language") { params.detect_language = true; }
-        else if (                  arg == "--prompt")          { params.prompt          = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (arg == "-m"    || arg == "--model")           { params.model           = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (arg == "-f"    || arg == "--file")            { params.fname_inp.emplace_back(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-oved" || arg == "--ov-e-device")     { params.openvino_encode_device = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (arg == "-dtw"  || arg == "--dtw")             { params.dtw             = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (arg == "-ls"   || arg == "--log-score")       { params.log_score       = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ng"   || arg == "--no-gpu")          { params.use_gpu         = false; }
-        else if (arg == "-fa"   || arg == "--flash-attn")      { params.flash_attn      = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-sns"  || arg == "--suppress-nst")    { params.suppress_nst    = true; }
-        else if (                  arg == "--suppress-regex")  { params.suppress_regex  = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (                  arg == "--grammar")         { params.grammar         = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (                  arg == "--grammar-rule")    { params.grammar_rule    = ARGV_NEXT; }
-        else if (                  arg == "--grammar-penalty") { params.grammar_penalty = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-t"    || arg == "--threads")              { params.n_threads       = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-p"    || arg == "--processors")           { params.n_processors    = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-ot"   || arg == "--offset-t")             { params.offset_t_ms     = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-on"   || arg == "--offset-n")             { params.offset_n        = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-d"    || arg == "--duration")             { params.duration_ms     = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-mc"   || arg == "--max-context")          { params.max_context     = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-ml"   || arg == "--max-len")              { params.max_len         = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-bo"   || arg == "--best-of")              { params.best_of         = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-bs"   || arg == "--beam-size")            { params.beam_size       = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-ac"   || arg == "--audio-ctx")            { params.audio_ctx       = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-wt"   || arg == "--word-thold")           { params.word_thold      = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-et"   || arg == "--entropy-thold")        { params.entropy_thold   = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-lpt"  || arg == "--logprob-thold")        { params.logprob_thold   = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-nth"  || arg == "--no-speech-thold")      { params.no_speech_thold = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-tp"   || arg == "--temperature")          { params.temperature     = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-tpi"  || arg == "--temperature-inc")      { params.temperature_inc = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-debug"|| arg == "--debug-mode")           { params.debug_mode      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-tr"   || arg == "--translate")            { params.translate       = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-di"   || arg == "--diarize")              { params.diarize         = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-tdrz" || arg == "--tinydiarize")          { params.tinydiarize     = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-sow"  || arg == "--split-on-word")        { params.split_on_word   = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nf"   || arg == "--no-fallback")          { params.no_fallback     = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-otxt" || arg == "--output-txt")           { params.output_txt      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ovtt" || arg == "--output-vtt")           { params.output_vtt      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-osrt" || arg == "--output-srt")           { params.output_srt      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-owts" || arg == "--output-words")         { params.output_wts      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-olrc" || arg == "--output-lrc")           { params.output_lrc      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-fp"   || arg == "--font-path")            { params.font_path       = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (arg == "-ocsv" || arg == "--output-csv")           { params.output_csv      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-oj"   || arg == "--output-json")          { params.output_jsn      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ojf"  || arg == "--output-json-full")     { params.output_jsn_full = params.output_jsn = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-of"   || arg == "--output-file")          { params.fname_out.emplace_back(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-np"   || arg == "--no-prints")            { params.no_prints       = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ps"   || arg == "--print-special")        { params.print_special   = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-pc"   || arg == "--print-colors")         { params.print_colors    = true; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--print-confidence")     { params.print_confidence= true; }
+        else if (arg == "-pp"   || arg == "--print-progress")       { params.print_progress  = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nt"   || arg == "--no-timestamps")        { params.no_timestamps   = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-l"    || arg == "--language")             { params.language        = whisper_param_turn_lowercase(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-dl"   || arg == "--detect-language")      { params.detect_language = true; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--prompt")               { params.prompt          = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--carry-initial-prompt") { params.carry_initial_prompt = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-m"    || arg == "--model")                { params.model           = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (arg == "-f"    || arg == "--file")                 { params.fname_inp.emplace_back(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-oved" || arg == "--ov-e-device")          { params.openvino_encode_device = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (arg == "-dtw"  || arg == "--dtw")                  { params.dtw             = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (arg == "-ls"   || arg == "--log-score")            { params.log_score       = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ng"   || arg == "--no-gpu")               { params.use_gpu         = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-dev"  || arg == "--device")               { params.gpu_device      = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-fa"   || arg == "--flash-attn")           { params.flash_attn      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa"  || arg == "--no-flash-attn")        { params.flash_attn      = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-sns"  || arg == "--suppress-nst")         { params.suppress_nst    = true; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--suppress-regex")       { params.suppress_regex  = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--grammar")              { params.grammar         = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--grammar-rule")         { params.grammar_rule    = ARGV_NEXT; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--grammar-penalty")      { params.grammar_penalty = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
         // Voice Activity Detection (VAD)
         else if (                  arg == "--vad")                         { params.vad                         = true; }
         else if (arg == "-vm"   || arg == "--vad-model")                   { params.vad_model                   = ARGV_NEXT; }
         else if (arg == "-vt"   || arg == "--vad-threshold")               { params.vad_threshold               = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
         else if (arg == "-vspd" || arg == "--vad-min-speech-duration-ms")  { params.vad_min_speech_duration_ms  = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
-        else if (arg == "-vsd"  || arg == "--vad-min-silence-duration-ms") { params.vad_min_speech_duration_ms  = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
+        else if (arg == "-vsd"  || arg == "--vad-min-silence-duration-ms") { params.vad_min_silence_duration_ms = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
         else if (arg == "-vmsd" || arg == "--vad-max-speech-duration-s")   { params.vad_max_speech_duration_s   = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
         else if (arg == "-vp"   || arg == "--vad-speech-pad-ms")           { params.vad_speech_pad_ms           = std::stoi(ARGV_NEXT); }
         else if (arg == "-vo"   || arg == "--vad-samples-overlap")         { params.vad_samples_overlap         = std::stof(ARGV_NEXT); }
@@ -223,60 +233,63 @@ static void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params
     fprintf(stderr, "supported audio formats: flac, mp3, ogg, wav\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "options:\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -h,        --help              [default] show this help message and exit\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -t N,      --threads N         [%-7d] number of threads to use during computation\n",    params.n_threads);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -p N,      --processors N      [%-7d] number of processors to use during computation\n", params.n_processors);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ot N,     --offset-t N        [%-7d] time offset in milliseconds\n",                    params.offset_t_ms);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -on N,     --offset-n N        [%-7d] segment index offset\n",                           params.offset_n);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -d  N,     --duration N        [%-7d] duration of audio to process in milliseconds\n",   params.duration_ms);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -mc N,     --max-context N     [%-7d] maximum number of text context tokens to store\n", params.max_context);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ml N,     --max-len N         [%-7d] maximum segment length in characters\n",           params.max_len);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -sow,      --split-on-word     [%-7s] split on word rather than on token\n",             params.split_on_word ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -bo N,     --best-of N         [%-7d] number of best candidates to keep\n",              params.best_of);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -bs N,     --beam-size N       [%-7d] beam size for beam search\n",                      params.beam_size);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ac N,     --audio-ctx N       [%-7d] audio context size (0 - all)\n",                   params.audio_ctx);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -wt N,     --word-thold N      [%-7.2f] word timestamp probability threshold\n",         params.word_thold);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -et N,     --entropy-thold N   [%-7.2f] entropy threshold for decoder fail\n",           params.entropy_thold);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -lpt N,    --logprob-thold N   [%-7.2f] log probability threshold for decoder fail\n",   params.logprob_thold);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -nth N,    --no-speech-thold N [%-7.2f] no speech threshold\n",                          params.no_speech_thold);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -tp,       --temperature N     [%-7.2f] The sampling temperature, between 0 and 1\n",    params.temperature);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -tpi,      --temperature-inc N [%-7.2f] The increment of temperature, between 0 and 1\n",params.temperature_inc);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -debug,    --debug-mode        [%-7s] enable debug mode (eg. dump log_mel)\n",           params.debug_mode ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -tr,       --translate         [%-7s] translate from source language to english\n",      params.translate ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -di,       --diarize           [%-7s] stereo audio diarization\n",                       params.diarize ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -tdrz,     --tinydiarize       [%-7s] enable tinydiarize (requires a tdrz model)\n",     params.tinydiarize ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -nf,       --no-fallback       [%-7s] do not use temperature fallback while decoding\n", params.no_fallback ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -otxt,     --output-txt        [%-7s] output result in a text file\n",                   params.output_txt ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ovtt,     --output-vtt        [%-7s] output result in a vtt file\n",                    params.output_vtt ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -osrt,     --output-srt        [%-7s] output result in a srt file\n",                    params.output_srt ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -olrc,     --output-lrc        [%-7s] output result in a lrc file\n",                    params.output_lrc ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -owts,     --output-words      [%-7s] output script for generating karaoke video\n",     params.output_wts ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fp,       --font-path         [%-7s] path to a monospace font for karaoke video\n",     params.font_path.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ocsv,     --output-csv        [%-7s] output result in a CSV file\n",                    params.output_csv ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -oj,       --output-json       [%-7s] output result in a JSON file\n",                   params.output_jsn ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ojf,      --output-json-full  [%-7s] include more information in the JSON file\n",      params.output_jsn_full ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -of FNAME, --output-file FNAME [%-7s] output file path (without file extension)\n",      "");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -np,       --no-prints         [%-7s] do not print anything other than the results\n",   params.no_prints ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ps,       --print-special     [%-7s] print special tokens\n",                           params.print_special ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -pc,       --print-colors      [%-7s] print colors\n",                                   params.print_colors ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "             --print-confidence  [%-7s] print confidence\n",                               params.print_confidence ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -pp,       --print-progress    [%-7s] print progress\n",                                 params.print_progress ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -nt,       --no-timestamps     [%-7s] do not print timestamps\n",                        params.no_timestamps ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -l LANG,   --language LANG     [%-7s] spoken language ('auto' for auto-detect)\n",       params.language.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -dl,       --detect-language   [%-7s] exit after automatically detecting language\n",    params.detect_language ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "             --prompt PROMPT     [%-7s] initial prompt (max n_text_ctx/2 tokens)\n",       params.prompt.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -m FNAME,  --model FNAME       [%-7s] model path\n",                                     params.model.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -f FNAME,  --file FNAME        [%-7s] input audio file path\n",                            "");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -oved D,   --ov-e-device DNAME [%-7s] the OpenVINO device used for encode inference\n",  params.openvino_encode_device.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -dtw MODEL --dtw MODEL         [%-7s] compute token-level timestamps\n",                 params.dtw.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ls,       --log-score         [%-7s] log best decoder scores of tokens\n",              params.log_score?"true":"false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,       --no-gpu            [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                    params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,       --flash-attn        [%-7s] flash attention\n",                                params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -sns,      --suppress-nst      [%-7s] suppress non-speech tokens\n",                     params.suppress_nst ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  --suppress-regex REGEX         [%-7s] regular expression matching tokens to suppress\n", params.suppress_regex.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  --grammar GRAMMAR              [%-7s] GBNF grammar to guide decoding\n",                 params.grammar.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  --grammar-rule RULE            [%-7s] top-level GBNF grammar rule name\n",               params.grammar_rule.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "  --grammar-penalty N            [%-7.1f] scales down logits of nongrammar tokens\n",      params.grammar_penalty);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -h,        --help                 [default] show this help message and exit\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -t N,      --threads N            [%-7d] number of threads to use during computation\n",    params.n_threads);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -p N,      --processors N         [%-7d] number of processors to use during computation\n", params.n_processors);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ot N,     --offset-t N           [%-7d] time offset in milliseconds\n",                    params.offset_t_ms);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -on N,     --offset-n N           [%-7d] segment index offset\n",                           params.offset_n);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -d  N,     --duration N           [%-7d] duration of audio to process in milliseconds\n",   params.duration_ms);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -mc N,     --max-context N        [%-7d] maximum number of text context tokens to store\n", params.max_context);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ml N,     --max-len N            [%-7d] maximum segment length in characters\n",           params.max_len);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -sow,      --split-on-word        [%-7s] split on word rather than on token\n",             params.split_on_word ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -bo N,     --best-of N            [%-7d] number of best candidates to keep\n",              params.best_of);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -bs N,     --beam-size N          [%-7d] beam size for beam search\n",                      params.beam_size);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ac N,     --audio-ctx N          [%-7d] audio context size (0 - all)\n",                   params.audio_ctx);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -wt N,     --word-thold N         [%-7.2f] word timestamp probability threshold\n",         params.word_thold);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -et N,     --entropy-thold N      [%-7.2f] entropy threshold for decoder fail\n",           params.entropy_thold);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -lpt N,    --logprob-thold N      [%-7.2f] log probability threshold for decoder fail\n",   params.logprob_thold);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nth N,    --no-speech-thold N    [%-7.2f] no speech threshold\n",                          params.no_speech_thold);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -tp,       --temperature N        [%-7.2f] The sampling temperature, between 0 and 1\n",    params.temperature);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -tpi,      --temperature-inc N    [%-7.2f] The increment of temperature, between 0 and 1\n",params.temperature_inc);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -debug,    --debug-mode           [%-7s] enable debug mode (eg. dump log_mel)\n",           params.debug_mode ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -tr,       --translate            [%-7s] translate from source language to english\n",      params.translate ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -di,       --diarize              [%-7s] stereo audio diarization\n",                       params.diarize ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -tdrz,     --tinydiarize          [%-7s] enable tinydiarize (requires a tdrz model)\n",     params.tinydiarize ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nf,       --no-fallback          [%-7s] do not use temperature fallback while decoding\n", params.no_fallback ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -otxt,     --output-txt           [%-7s] output result in a text file\n",                   params.output_txt ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ovtt,     --output-vtt           [%-7s] output result in a vtt file\n",                    params.output_vtt ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -osrt,     --output-srt           [%-7s] output result in a srt file\n",                    params.output_srt ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -olrc,     --output-lrc           [%-7s] output result in a lrc file\n",                    params.output_lrc ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -owts,     --output-words         [%-7s] output script for generating karaoke video\n",     params.output_wts ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fp,       --font-path            [%-7s] path to a monospace font for karaoke video\n",     params.font_path.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ocsv,     --output-csv           [%-7s] output result in a CSV file\n",                    params.output_csv ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -oj,       --output-json          [%-7s] output result in a JSON file\n",                   params.output_jsn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ojf,      --output-json-full     [%-7s] include more information in the JSON file\n",      params.output_jsn_full ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -of FNAME, --output-file FNAME    [%-7s] output file path (without file extension)\n",      "");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -np,       --no-prints            [%-7s] do not print anything other than the results\n",   params.no_prints ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ps,       --print-special        [%-7s] print special tokens\n",                           params.print_special ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -pc,       --print-colors         [%-7s] print colors\n",                                   params.print_colors ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "             --print-confidence     [%-7s] print confidence\n",                               params.print_confidence ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -pp,       --print-progress       [%-7s] print progress\n",                                 params.print_progress ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nt,       --no-timestamps        [%-7s] do not print timestamps\n",                        params.no_timestamps ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -l LANG,   --language LANG        [%-7s] spoken language ('auto' for auto-detect)\n",       params.language.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -dl,       --detect-language      [%-7s] exit after automatically detecting language\n",    params.detect_language ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "             --prompt PROMPT        [%-7s] initial prompt (max n_text_ctx/2 tokens)\n",       params.prompt.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "             --carry-initial-prompt [%-7s] always prepend initial prompt\n",                  params.carry_initial_prompt ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -m FNAME,  --model FNAME          [%-7s] model path\n",                                     params.model.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -f FNAME,  --file FNAME           [%-7s] input audio file path\n",                          "");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -oved D,   --ov-e-device DNAME    [%-7s] the OpenVINO device used for encode inference\n",  params.openvino_encode_device.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -dtw MODEL --dtw MODEL            [%-7s] compute token-level timestamps\n",                 params.dtw.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ls,       --log-score            [%-7s] log best decoder scores of tokens\n",              params.log_score?"true":"false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,       --no-gpu               [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                    params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -dev N,    --device N             [%-7d] GPU device ID (default: 0)\n",                     params.gpu_device);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,       --flash-attn           [%-7s] enable flash attention\n",                         params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,      --no-flash-attn        [%-7s] disable flash attention\n",                        params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -sns,      --suppress-nst         [%-7s] suppress non-speech tokens\n",                     params.suppress_nst ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --suppress-regex REGEX            [%-7s] regular expression matching tokens to suppress\n", params.suppress_regex.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --grammar GRAMMAR                 [%-7s] GBNF grammar to guide decoding\n",                 params.grammar.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --grammar-rule RULE               [%-7s] top-level GBNF grammar rule name\n",               params.grammar_rule.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --grammar-penalty N               [%-7.1f] scales down logits of nongrammar tokens\n",      params.grammar_penalty);
     // Voice Activity Detection (VAD) parameters
     fprintf(stderr, "\nVoice Activity Detection (VAD) options:\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "             --vad                           [%-7s] enable Voice Activity Detection (VAD)\n",            params.vad ? "true" : "false");
@@ -385,7 +398,11 @@ static void whisper_print_segment_callback(struct whisper_context * ctx, struct
                 const char * text = whisper_full_get_token_text(ctx, i, j);
                 const float  p    = whisper_full_get_token_p   (ctx, i, j);
 
-                const int col = std::max(0, std::min((int) k_colors.size() - 1, (int) (std::pow(p, 3)*float(k_colors.size()))));
+                const int n_colors = (int) k_colors.size();
+                int raw_col = (int) (std::pow(p, 3)*float(n_colors));
+                if (raw_col < 0) raw_col = 0;
+                if (raw_col > n_colors - 1) raw_col = n_colors - 1;
+                const int col = raw_col;
 
                 printf("%s%s%s%s", speaker.c_str(), k_colors[col].c_str(), text, "\033[0m");
             }
@@ -993,6 +1010,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     struct whisper_context_params cparams = whisper_context_default_params();
 
     cparams.use_gpu    = params.use_gpu;
+    cparams.gpu_device = params.gpu_device;
     cparams.flash_attn = params.flash_attn;
 
     if (!params.dtw.empty()) {
@@ -1176,7 +1194,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
             wparams.suppress_regex   = params.suppress_regex.empty() ? nullptr : params.suppress_regex.c_str();
 
-            wparams.initial_prompt   = params.prompt.c_str();
+            wparams.initial_prompt       = params.prompt.c_str();
+            wparams.carry_initial_prompt = params.carry_initial_prompt;
 
             wparams.greedy.best_of        = params.best_of;
             wparams.beam_search.beam_size = params.beam_size;
diff --git a/examples/command.wasm/README.md b/examples/command.wasm/README.md
index 78d8776f570..c50c2b43ed5 100644
--- a/examples/command.wasm/README.md
+++ b/examples/command.wasm/README.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 This is a basic Voice Assistant example that accepts voice commands from the microphone.
 It runs in fully in the browser via WebAseembly.
 
-Online demo: https://ggerganov.github.io/whisper.cpp/command.wasm
+Online demo: https://ggml.ai/whisper.cpp/command.wasm/
 
 Terminal version: [examples/command](/examples/command)
 
@@ -32,6 +32,16 @@ cp bin/libcommand.js        /path/to/html/
 cp bin/libcommand.worker.js /path/to/html/
 ```
 
+> 📝 **Note:** By default this example is built with `WHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=ON`
+> which means that that a separate .wasm file will not be generated. Instead, the
+> WASM module is embedded in the main JS file as a base64 encoded string. To
+> generate a separate .wasm file, you need to disable this option by passing
+> `-DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF`:
+> ```console
+> emcmake cmake .. -DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF
+> ```
+> This will generate a `libcommand.wasm` file in the build/bin directory.
+
 > 📝 **Note:** As of Emscripten 3.1.58 (April 2024), separate worker.js files are no
 > longer generated and the worker is embedded in the main JS file. So the worker
 > file will not be geneated for versions later than `3.1.58`.
diff --git a/examples/command.wasm/index-tmpl.html b/examples/command.wasm/index-tmpl.html
index 752d851e9cf..b8dabba349b 100644
--- a/examples/command.wasm/index-tmpl.html
+++ b/examples/command.wasm/index-tmpl.html
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
                 <a href="../bench.wasm/">bench</a> |
                 <a href="../stream.wasm">stream</a> |
                 <a href="../command.wasm/">command</a> |
+                <a href="../wchess.wasm/">wchess</a> |
 
             <br><br>
 
@@ -174,11 +175,11 @@
 
             function loadWhisper(model) {
                 let urls = {
-                    'tiny.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en.bin',
-                    'base.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en.bin',
+                    'tiny.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en.bin',
+                    'base.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en.bin',
 
-                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en-q5_1.bin',
                 };
 
                 let sizes = {
diff --git a/examples/command/command.cpp b/examples/command/command.cpp
index 7a09d30a319..ff7c037417f 100644
--- a/examples/command/command.cpp
+++ b/examples/command/command.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct whisper_params {
     bool print_energy  = false;
     bool no_timestamps = true;
     bool use_gpu       = true;
-    bool flash_attn    = false;
+    bool flash_attn    = true;
 
     std::string language  = "en";
     std::string model     = "models/ggml-base.en.bin";
@@ -66,28 +66,29 @@ static bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params
             whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
             exit(0);
         }
-        else if (arg == "-t"   || arg == "--threads")       { params.n_threads     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-pms" || arg == "--prompt-ms")     { params.prompt_ms     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-cms" || arg == "--command-ms")    { params.command_ms    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-c"   || arg == "--capture")       { params.capture_id    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-mt"  || arg == "--max-tokens")    { params.max_tokens    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-ac"  || arg == "--audio-ctx")     { params.audio_ctx     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-vth" || arg == "--vad-thold")     { params.vad_thold     = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-fth" || arg == "--freq-thold")    { params.freq_thold    = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-tr"  || arg == "--translate")     { params.translate     = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ps"  || arg == "--print-special") { params.print_special = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-pe"  || arg == "--print-energy")  { params.print_energy  = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ng"  || arg == "--no-gpu")        { params.use_gpu       = false; }
-        else if (arg == "-fa"  || arg == "--flash-attn")    { params.flash_attn    = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-l"   || arg == "--language")      { params.language      = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (arg == "-m"   || arg == "--model")         { params.model         = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (arg == "-f"   || arg == "--file")          { params.fname_out     = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (arg == "-cmd" || arg == "--commands")      { params.commands      = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (arg == "-p"   || arg == "--prompt")        { params.prompt        = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (arg == "-ctx" || arg == "--context")       { params.context       = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (                 arg == "--grammar")       { params.grammar       = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (                 arg == "--grammar-penalty") { params.grammar_penalty = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (                 arg == "--suppress-regex") { params.suppress_regex = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-t"     || arg == "--threads")       { params.n_threads     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-pms"   || arg == "--prompt-ms")     { params.prompt_ms     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-cms"   || arg == "--command-ms")    { params.command_ms    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-c"     || arg == "--capture")       { params.capture_id    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-mt"    || arg == "--max-tokens")    { params.max_tokens    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-ac"    || arg == "--audio-ctx")     { params.audio_ctx     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-vth"   || arg == "--vad-thold")     { params.vad_thold     = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-fth"   || arg == "--freq-thold")    { params.freq_thold    = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-tr"    || arg == "--translate")     { params.translate     = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ps"    || arg == "--print-special") { params.print_special = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-pe"    || arg == "--print-energy")  { params.print_energy  = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ng"    || arg == "--no-gpu")        { params.use_gpu       = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-fa"    || arg == "--flash-attn")    { params.flash_attn    = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa"   || arg == "--no-flash-attn") { params.flash_attn    = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-l"     || arg == "--language")      { params.language      = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-m"     || arg == "--model")         { params.model         = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-f"     || arg == "--file")          { params.fname_out     = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-cmd"   || arg == "--commands")      { params.commands      = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-p"     || arg == "--prompt")        { params.prompt        = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-ctx"   || arg == "--context")       { params.context       = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (                   arg == "--grammar")       { params.grammar       = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (                   arg == "--grammar-penalty") { params.grammar_penalty = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (                   arg == "--suppress-regex") { params.suppress_regex = argv[++i]; }
         else {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown argument: %s\n", arg.c_str());
             whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
@@ -116,7 +117,8 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ps,        --print-special  [%-7s] print special tokens\n",                        params.print_special ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -pe,        --print-energy   [%-7s] print sound energy (for debugging)\n",          params.print_energy ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,        --no-gpu         [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                 params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,        --flash-attn     [%-7s] flash attention\n",                             params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,        --flash-attn     [%-7s] enbale flash attention\n",                      params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,       --no-flash-attn  [%-7s] disable flash attention\n",                     params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -l LANG,    --language LANG  [%-7s] spoken language\n",                             params.language.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -m FNAME,   --model FNAME    [%-7s] model path\n",                                  params.model.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -f FNAME,   --file FNAME     [%-7s] text output file name\n",                       params.fname_out.c_str());
@@ -709,6 +711,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     cparams.flash_attn = params.flash_attn;
 
     struct whisper_context * ctx = whisper_init_from_file_with_params(params.model.c_str(), cparams);
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize whisper context\n");
+        return 2;
+    }
 
     // print some info about the processing
     {
diff --git a/examples/common-ggml.cpp b/examples/common-ggml.cpp
index d59b77fce6b..6f02a2504c5 100644
--- a/examples/common-ggml.cpp
+++ b/examples/common-ggml.cpp
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ bool ggml_common_quantize_0(
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS:
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M:
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_BF16:
+        case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4:
                 {
                     fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid model type %d\n", __func__, ftype);
                     return false;
@@ -211,6 +213,8 @@ bool ggml_common_quantize_0(
                 case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
                 case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
                 case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+                case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
                 case GGML_TYPE_COUNT:
                     {
                         fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported quantization type %d (%s)\n", __func__, ttype, ggml_type_name((ggml_type) ttype));
diff --git a/examples/lsp/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/lsp/CMakeLists.txt
index 15b5be18783..6dd96f53f82 100644
--- a/examples/lsp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/lsp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 if (WHISPER_SDL2)
     # stream
-    set(TARGET lsp)
+    set(TARGET whisper-lsp)
     add_executable(${TARGET} lsp.cpp)
 
     include(DefaultTargetOptions)
 
     target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common json_cpp common-sdl whisper ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+    install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
 endif ()
diff --git a/examples/lsp/lsp.cpp b/examples/lsp/lsp.cpp
index cf8b75e7a29..cf47f130c95 100644
--- a/examples/lsp/lsp.cpp
+++ b/examples/lsp/lsp.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct whisper_params {
     bool print_special = false;
     bool print_energy  = false;
     bool use_gpu       = true;
-    bool flash_attn    = false;
+    bool flash_attn    = true;
 
     std::string language  = "en";
     std::string model     = "models/ggml-base.en.bin";
@@ -62,21 +62,22 @@ static bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params
             whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
             exit(0);
         }
-        else if (arg == "-t"   || arg == "--threads")       { params.n_threads     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-pms" || arg == "--prompt-ms")     { params.prompt_ms     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-cms" || arg == "--command-ms")    { params.command_ms    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-c"   || arg == "--capture")       { params.capture_id    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-mt"  || arg == "--max-tokens")    { params.max_tokens    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-ac"  || arg == "--audio-ctx")     { params.audio_ctx     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-vth" || arg == "--vad-thold")     { params.vad_thold     = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-fth" || arg == "--freq-thold")    { params.freq_thold    = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-tr"  || arg == "--translate")     { params.translate     = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ps"  || arg == "--print-special") { params.print_special = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-pe"  || arg == "--print-energy")  { params.print_energy  = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-ng"  || arg == "--no-gpu")        { params.use_gpu       = false; }
-        else if (arg == "-fa"  || arg == "--flash-attn")    { params.flash_attn    = true; }
-        else if (arg == "-l"   || arg == "--language")      { params.language      = argv[++i]; }
-        else if (arg == "-m"   || arg == "--model")         { params.model         = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-t"      || arg == "--threads")       { params.n_threads     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-pms"    || arg == "--prompt-ms")     { params.prompt_ms     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-cms"    || arg == "--command-ms")    { params.command_ms    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-c"      || arg == "--capture")       { params.capture_id    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-mt"     || arg == "--max-tokens")    { params.max_tokens    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-ac"     || arg == "--audio-ctx")     { params.audio_ctx     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-vth"    || arg == "--vad-thold")     { params.vad_thold     = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-fth"    || arg == "--freq-thold")    { params.freq_thold    = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-tr"     || arg == "--translate")     { params.translate     = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ps"     || arg == "--print-special") { params.print_special = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-pe"     || arg == "--print-energy")  { params.print_energy  = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ng"     || arg == "--no-gpu")        { params.use_gpu       = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-fa"     || arg == "--flash-attn")    { params.flash_attn    = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa"    || arg == "--no-flash-attn") { params.flash_attn    = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-l"      || arg == "--language")      { params.language      = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-m"      || arg == "--model")         { params.model         = argv[++i]; }
         else {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown argument: %s\n", arg.c_str());
             whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
@@ -105,7 +106,8 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ps,        --print-special  [%-7s] print special tokens\n",                        params.print_special ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -pe,        --print-energy   [%-7s] print sound energy (for debugging)\n",          params.print_energy ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,        --no-gpu         [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                 params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,        --flash-attn     [%-7s] flash attention\n",                             params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,        --flash-attn     [%-7s] enable flash attention\n",                      params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,       --no-flash-attn  [%-7s] disable flash attention\n",                     params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -l LANG,    --language LANG  [%-7s] spoken language\n",                             params.language.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -m FNAME,   --model FNAME    [%-7s] model path\n",                                  params.model.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
diff --git a/examples/miniaudio.h b/examples/miniaudio.h
index c74bebeb3c7..24e676bb264 100644
--- a/examples/miniaudio.h
+++ b/examples/miniaudio.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
 Audio playback and capture library. Choice of public domain or MIT-0. See license statements at the end of this file.
-miniaudio - v0.11.22 - 2025-02-24
+miniaudio - v0.11.24 - 2026-01-17
 
 David Reid - mackron@gmail.com
 
@@ -12,18 +12,10 @@ GitHub:        https://github.com/mackron/miniaudio
 /*
 1. Introduction
 ===============
-To use miniaudio, include "miniaudio.h":
-
-    ```c
-    #include "miniaudio.h"
-    ```
-
-The implementation is contained in "miniaudio.c". Just compile this like any other source file. You
-can include miniaudio.c if you want to compile your project as a single translation unit:
-
-    ```c
-    #include "miniaudio.c"
-    ```
+To use miniaudio, just include "miniaudio.h" like any other header and add "miniaudio.c" to your
+source tree. If you don't want to add it to your source tree you can compile and link to it like
+any other library. Note that ABI compatibility is not guaranteed between versions, even with bug
+fix releases, so take care if compiling as a shared object.
 
 miniaudio includes both low level and high level APIs. The low level API is good for those who want
 to do all of their mixing themselves and only require a light weight interface to the underlying
@@ -303,7 +295,7 @@ The engine encapsulates both the resource manager and the node graph to create a
 use high level API. The resource manager and node graph APIs are covered in more later sections of
 this manual.
 
-The code below shows how you can initialize an engine using it's default configuration.
+The code below shows how you can initialize an engine using its default configuration.
 
     ```c
     ma_result result;
@@ -391,7 +383,7 @@ Sounds are not started by default. Start a sound with `ma_sound_start()` and sto
 `ma_sound_stop()`. When a sound is stopped, it is not rewound to the start. Use
 `ma_sound_seek_to_pcm_frame(&sound, 0)` to seek back to the start of a sound. By default, starting
 and stopping sounds happens immediately, but sometimes it might be convenient to schedule the sound
-the be started and/or stopped at a specific time. This can be done with the following functions:
+to be started and/or stopped at a specific time. This can be done with the following functions:
 
     ```c
     ma_sound_set_start_time_in_pcm_frames()
@@ -463,6 +455,11 @@ is at the end, use `ma_sound_at_end()`. Looping of a sound can be controlled wit
 miniaudio should work cleanly out of the box without the need to download or install any
 dependencies. See below for platform-specific details.
 
+This library has been designed to be added directly to your source tree which is the preferred way
+of using it, but you can compile it as a normal library if that's your preference. Be careful if
+compiling as a shared object because miniaudio is not ABI compatible between any release, including
+bug fix releases. It's recommended you link statically.
+
 Note that GCC and Clang require `-msse2`, `-mavx2`, etc. for SIMD optimizations.
 
 If you get errors about undefined references to `__sync_val_compare_and_swap_8`, `__atomic_load_8`,
@@ -532,7 +529,7 @@ you'll need to disable run-time linking with `MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING` and link wi
 The Emscripten build emits Web Audio JavaScript directly and should compile cleanly out of the box.
 You cannot use `-std=c*` compiler flags, nor `-ansi`.
 
-You can enable the use of AudioWorkets by defining `MA_ENABLE_AUDIO_WORKLETS` and then compiling
+You can enable the use of AudioWorklets by defining `MA_ENABLE_AUDIO_WORKLETS` and then compiling
 with the following options:
 
     -sAUDIO_WORKLET=1 -sWASM_WORKERS=1 -sASYNCIFY
@@ -881,7 +878,7 @@ read data within a certain range of the underlying data. To do this you can use
 
 This is useful if you have a sound bank where many sounds are stored in the same file and you want
 the data source to only play one of those sub-sounds. Note that once the range is set, everything
-that takes a position, such as cursors and loop points, should always be relatvie to the start of
+that takes a position, such as cursors and loop points, should always be relative to the start of
 the range. When the range is set, any previously defined loop point will be reset.
 
 Custom loop points can also be used with data sources. By default, data sources will loop after
@@ -889,7 +886,7 @@ they reach the end of the data source, but if you need to loop at a specific loc
 the following:
 
     ```c
-    result = ma_data_set_loop_point_in_pcm_frames(pDataSource, loopBegInFrames, loopEndInFrames);
+    result = ma_data_source_set_loop_point_in_pcm_frames(pDataSource, loopBegInFrames, loopEndInFrames);
     if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return result;  // Failed to set the loop point.
     }
@@ -3750,7 +3747,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #define MA_VERSION_MAJOR    0
 #define MA_VERSION_MINOR    11
-#define MA_VERSION_REVISION 22
+#define MA_VERSION_REVISION 24
 #define MA_VERSION_STRING   MA_XSTRINGIFY(MA_VERSION_MAJOR) "." MA_XSTRINGIFY(MA_VERSION_MINOR) "." MA_XSTRINGIFY(MA_VERSION_REVISION)
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
@@ -3857,37 +3854,65 @@ typedef ma_uint16 wchar_t;
     #define MA_SIZE_MAX    0xFFFFFFFF  /* When SIZE_MAX is not defined by the standard library just default to the maximum 32-bit unsigned integer. */
 #endif
 
+#define MA_UINT64_MAX      (((ma_uint64)0xFFFFFFFF << 32) | (ma_uint64)0xFFFFFFFF)   /* Weird shifting syntax is for VC6 compatibility. */
+
 
 /* Platform/backend detection. */
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__COSMOPOLITAN__)
+#if defined(_WIN32)
     #define MA_WIN32
     #if defined(MA_FORCE_UWP) || (defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && ((defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_PC_APP) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_PC_APP) || (defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP)))
         #define MA_WIN32_UWP
     #elif defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && (defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_GAMES) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_GAMES)
         #define MA_WIN32_GDK
+    #elif defined(NXDK)
+        #define MA_WIN32_NXDK
     #else
         #define MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
     #endif
+
+    /* The original Xbox. */
+    #if defined(NXDK)   /* <-- Add other Xbox compiler toolchains here, and then add a toolchain-specific define in case we need to discriminate between them later. */
+        #define MA_XBOX
+
+        #if defined(NXDK)
+            #define MA_XBOX_NXDK
+        #endif
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if defined(__MSDOS__) || defined(MSDOS) || defined(_MSDOS) || defined(__DOS__)
+    #define MA_DOS
+
+    /* No threading allowed on DOS. */
+    #ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
+    #define MA_NO_THREADING
+    #endif
+
+    /* No runtime linking allowed on DOS. */
+    #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
+    #define MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
+    #endif
 #endif
-#if !defined(_WIN32)    /* If it's not Win32, assume POSIX. */
+#if !defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_DOS)    /* If it's not Win32, assume POSIX. */
     #define MA_POSIX
 
-    /*
-    Use the MA_NO_PTHREAD_IN_HEADER option at your own risk. This is intentionally undocumented.
-    You can use this to avoid including pthread.h in the header section. The downside is that it
-    results in some fixed sized structures being declared for the various types that are used in
-    miniaudio. The risk here is that these types might be too small for a given platform. This
-    risk is yours to take and no support will be offered if you enable this option.
-    */
-    #ifndef MA_NO_PTHREAD_IN_HEADER
-        #include <pthread.h>    /* Unfortunate #include, but needed for pthread_t, pthread_mutex_t and pthread_cond_t types. */
-        typedef pthread_t       ma_pthread_t;
-        typedef pthread_mutex_t ma_pthread_mutex_t;
-        typedef pthread_cond_t  ma_pthread_cond_t;
-    #else
-        typedef ma_uintptr      ma_pthread_t;
-        typedef union           ma_pthread_mutex_t { char __data[40]; ma_uint64 __alignment; } ma_pthread_mutex_t;
-        typedef union           ma_pthread_cond_t  { char __data[48]; ma_uint64 __alignment; } ma_pthread_cond_t;
+    #if !defined(MA_NO_THREADING)
+        /*
+        Use the MA_NO_PTHREAD_IN_HEADER option at your own risk. This is intentionally undocumented.
+        You can use this to avoid including pthread.h in the header section. The downside is that it
+        results in some fixed sized structures being declared for the various types that are used in
+        miniaudio. The risk here is that these types might be too small for a given platform. This
+        risk is yours to take and no support will be offered if you enable this option.
+        */
+        #ifndef MA_NO_PTHREAD_IN_HEADER
+            #include <pthread.h>    /* Unfortunate #include, but needed for pthread_t, pthread_mutex_t and pthread_cond_t types. */
+            typedef pthread_t       ma_pthread_t;
+            typedef pthread_mutex_t ma_pthread_mutex_t;
+            typedef pthread_cond_t  ma_pthread_cond_t;
+        #else
+            typedef ma_uintptr      ma_pthread_t;
+            typedef union           ma_pthread_mutex_t { char __data[40]; ma_uint64 __alignment; } ma_pthread_mutex_t;
+            typedef union           ma_pthread_cond_t  { char __data[48]; ma_uint64 __alignment; } ma_pthread_cond_t;
+        #endif
     #endif
 
     #if defined(__unix__)
@@ -3914,8 +3939,11 @@ typedef ma_uint16 wchar_t;
     #if defined(__PROSPERO__)
         #define MA_PROSPERO
     #endif
-    #if defined(__NX__)
-        #define MA_NX
+    #if defined(__3DS__)
+        #define MA_3DS
+    #endif
+    #if defined(__SWITCH__) || defined(__NX__)
+        #define MA_SWITCH
     #endif
     #if defined(__BEOS__) || defined(__HAIKU__)
         #define MA_BEOS
@@ -3925,12 +3953,13 @@ typedef ma_uint16 wchar_t;
     #endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__has_c_attribute)
-    #if __has_c_attribute(fallthrough)
-        #define MA_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
-    #endif
+#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH) && defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+    #define MA_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
 #endif
-#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH) && defined(__has_attribute) && (defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__))
+#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH) && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202000L
+    #define MA_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
+#endif
+#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH) && defined(__has_attribute)
     #if __has_attribute(fallthrough)
         #define MA_FALLTHROUGH __attribute__((fallthrough))
     #endif
@@ -3967,7 +3996,7 @@ typedef ma_uint16 wchar_t;
         #define MA_NO_INLINE __attribute__((noinline))
     #else
         #define MA_INLINE MA_GNUC_INLINE_HINT
-        #define MA_NO_INLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+        #define MA_NO_INLINE
     #endif
 #elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
     #define MA_INLINE __inline
@@ -4153,9 +4182,13 @@ typedef enum
     MA_CHANNEL_AUX_29             = 49,
     MA_CHANNEL_AUX_30             = 50,
     MA_CHANNEL_AUX_31             = 51,
+
+    /* Count. */
+    MA_CHANNEL_POSITION_COUNT,
+
+    /* Aliases. */
     MA_CHANNEL_LEFT               = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT,
     MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT              = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT,
-    MA_CHANNEL_POSITION_COUNT     = (MA_CHANNEL_AUX_31 + 1)
 } _ma_channel_position; /* Do not use `_ma_channel_position` directly. Use `ma_channel` instead. */
 
 typedef enum
@@ -4350,7 +4383,7 @@ typedef struct
 
 typedef struct
 {
-    ma_int32 state;
+    ma_uint32 state;
 } ma_lcg;
 
 
@@ -6569,22 +6602,18 @@ This section contains the APIs for device playback and capture. Here is where yo
 ************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
 #ifndef MA_NO_DEVICE_IO
 /* Some backends are only supported on certain platforms. */
-#if defined(MA_WIN32)
+#if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
     #define MA_SUPPORT_WASAPI
 
     #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)   /* DirectSound and WinMM backends are only supported on desktops. */
         #define MA_SUPPORT_DSOUND
         #define MA_SUPPORT_WINMM
-
-        /* Don't enable JACK here if compiling with Cosmopolitan. It'll be enabled in the Linux section below. */
-        #if !defined(__COSMOPOLITAN__)
-            #define MA_SUPPORT_JACK    /* JACK is technically supported on Windows, but I don't know how many people use it in practice... */
-        #endif
+        #define MA_SUPPORT_JACK     /* JACK is technically supported on Windows, but I don't know how many people use it in practice... */
     #endif
 #endif
 #if defined(MA_UNIX) && !defined(MA_ORBIS) && !defined(MA_PROSPERO)
     #if defined(MA_LINUX)
-        #if !defined(MA_ANDROID) && !defined(__COSMOPOLITAN__)   /* ALSA is not supported on Android. */
+        #if !defined(MA_ANDROID) && !defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)   /* ALSA is not supported on Android. */
             #define MA_SUPPORT_ALSA
         #endif
     #endif
@@ -7426,6 +7455,7 @@ struct ma_context
             ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample;
             ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate;
             ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near;
+            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax;
             ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near;
             ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near;
             ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access;
@@ -7986,6 +8016,7 @@ struct ma_device
             /*AAudioStream**/ ma_ptr pStreamPlayback;
             /*AAudioStream**/ ma_ptr pStreamCapture;
             ma_mutex rerouteLock;
+            ma_atomic_bool32 isTearingDown;
             ma_aaudio_usage usage;
             ma_aaudio_content_type contentType;
             ma_aaudio_input_preset inputPreset;
@@ -9644,7 +9675,7 @@ Parameters
 ----------
 pBackends (out, optional)
     A pointer to the buffer that will receive the enabled backends. Set to NULL to retrieve the backend count. Setting
-    the capacity of the buffer to `MA_BUFFER_COUNT` will guarantee it's large enough for all backends.
+    the capacity of the buffer to `MA_BACKEND_COUNT` will guarantee it's large enough for all backends.
 
 backendCap (in)
     The capacity of the `pBackends` buffer.
@@ -10489,6 +10520,7 @@ typedef struct
     ma_decoding_backend_vtable** ppCustomDecodingBackendVTables;
     ma_uint32 customDecodingBackendCount;
     void* pCustomDecodingBackendUserData;
+    ma_resampler_config resampling;
 } ma_resource_manager_config;
 
 MA_API ma_resource_manager_config ma_resource_manager_config_init(void);
@@ -10816,6 +10848,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, void*
 MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_graph_get_channels(const ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);
 MA_API ma_uint64 ma_node_graph_get_time(const ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);
 MA_API ma_result ma_node_graph_set_time(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, ma_uint64 globalTime);
+MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_graph_get_processing_size_in_frames(const ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);
 
 
 
@@ -11123,6 +11156,7 @@ typedef struct
     ma_bool8 isPitchDisabled;           /* Pitching can be explicitly disabled with MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_PITCH to optimize processing. */
     ma_bool8 isSpatializationDisabled;  /* Spatialization can be explicitly disabled with MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_SPATIALIZATION. */
     ma_uint8 pinnedListenerIndex;       /* The index of the listener this node should always use for spatialization. If set to MA_LISTENER_INDEX_CLOSEST the engine will use the closest listener. */
+    ma_resampler_config resampling;
 } ma_engine_node_config;
 
 MA_API ma_engine_node_config ma_engine_node_config_init(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_engine_node_type type, ma_uint32 flags);
@@ -11137,7 +11171,7 @@ typedef struct
     ma_uint32 volumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames;
     ma_mono_expansion_mode monoExpansionMode;
     ma_fader fader;
-    ma_linear_resampler resampler;                      /* For pitch shift. */
+    ma_resampler resampler;                             /* For pitch shift. */
     ma_spatializer spatializer;
     ma_panner panner;
     ma_gainer volumeGainer;                             /* This will only be used if volumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames is > 0. */
@@ -11193,6 +11227,7 @@ typedef struct
     ma_uint64 loopPointEndInPCMFrames;
     ma_sound_end_proc endCallback;              /* Fired when the sound reaches the end. Will be fired from the audio thread. Do not restart, uninitialize or otherwise change the state of the sound from here. Instead fire an event or set a variable to indicate to a different thread to change the start of the sound. Will not be fired in response to a scheduled stop with ma_sound_set_stop_time_*(). */
     void* pEndCallbackUserData;
+    ma_resampler_config pitchResampling;
 #ifndef MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
     ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications initNotifications;
 #endif
@@ -11211,7 +11246,10 @@ struct ma_sound
     MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) atEnd;
     ma_sound_end_proc endCallback;
     void* pEndCallbackUserData;
-    ma_bool8 ownsDataSource;
+    float* pProcessingCache;            /* Will be null if pDataSource is null. */
+    ma_uint32 processingCacheFramesRemaining;
+    ma_uint32 processingCacheCap;
+    ma_bool8 ownsDataSource;    
 
     /*
     We're declaring a resource manager data source object here to save us a malloc when loading a
@@ -11255,7 +11293,7 @@ typedef struct
     ma_log* pLog;                                   /* When set to NULL, will use the context's log. */
     ma_uint32 listenerCount;                        /* Must be between 1 and MA_ENGINE_MAX_LISTENERS. */
     ma_uint32 channels;                             /* The number of channels to use when mixing and spatializing. When set to 0, will use the native channel count of the device. */
-    ma_uint32 sampleRate;                           /* The sample rate. When set to 0 will use the native channel count of the device. */
+    ma_uint32 sampleRate;                           /* The sample rate. When set to 0 will use the native sample rate of the device. */
     ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;                   /* If set to something other than 0, updates will always be exactly this size. The underlying device may be a different size, but from the perspective of the mixer that won't matter.*/
     ma_uint32 periodSizeInMilliseconds;             /* Used if periodSizeInFrames is unset. */
     ma_uint32 gainSmoothTimeInFrames;               /* The number of frames to interpolate the gain of spatialized sounds across. If set to 0, will use gainSmoothTimeInMilliseconds. */
@@ -11269,6 +11307,8 @@ typedef struct
     ma_vfs* pResourceManagerVFS;                    /* A pointer to a pre-allocated VFS object to use with the resource manager. This is ignored if pResourceManager is not NULL. */
     ma_engine_process_proc onProcess;               /* Fired at the end of each call to ma_engine_read_pcm_frames(). For engine's that manage their own internal device (the default configuration), this will be fired from the audio thread, and you do not need to call ma_engine_read_pcm_frames() manually in order to trigger this. */
     void* pProcessUserData;                         /* User data that's passed into onProcess. */
+    ma_resampler_config resourceManagerResampling;  /* The resampling config to use with the resource manager. */
+    ma_resampler_config pitchResampling;            /* The resampling config for the pitch and Doppler effects. You will typically want this to be a fast resampler. For high quality stuff, it's recommended that you pre-resample. */
 } ma_engine_config;
 
 MA_API ma_engine_config ma_engine_config_init(void);
@@ -11298,6 +11338,7 @@ struct ma_engine
     ma_mono_expansion_mode monoExpansionMode;
     ma_engine_process_proc onProcess;
     void* pProcessUserData;
+    ma_resampler_config pitchResamplingConfig;
 };
 
 MA_API ma_result ma_engine_init(const ma_engine_config* pConfig, ma_engine* pEngine);
@@ -11358,8 +11399,12 @@ MA_API ma_engine* ma_sound_get_engine(const ma_sound* pSound);
 MA_API ma_data_source* ma_sound_get_data_source(const ma_sound* pSound);
 MA_API ma_result ma_sound_start(ma_sound* pSound);
 MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop(ma_sound* pSound);
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);     /* Will overwrite any scheduled stop and fade. */
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);   /* Will overwrite any scheduled stop and fade. */
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);     /* Will overwrite any scheduled stop and fade. If you want to restart the sound, first reset it with `ma_sound_reset_stop_time_and_fade()`. There are plans to make this less awkward in the future. */
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);   /* Will overwrite any scheduled stop and fade. If you want to restart the sound, first reset it with `ma_sound_reset_stop_time_and_fade()`. There are plans to make this less awkward in the future. */
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_start_time(ma_sound* pSound);
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_stop_time(ma_sound* pSound);
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_fade(ma_sound* pSound);
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_stop_time_and_fade(ma_sound* pSound);  /* Resets fades and scheduled stop time. Does not seek back to the start. */
 MA_API void ma_sound_set_volume(ma_sound* pSound, float volume);
 MA_API float ma_sound_get_volume(const ma_sound* pSound);
 MA_API void ma_sound_set_pan(ma_sound* pSound, float pan);
@@ -11419,11 +11464,11 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_is_looping(const ma_sound* pSound);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_at_end(const ma_sound* pSound);
 MA_API ma_result ma_sound_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 frameIndex); /* Just a wrapper around ma_data_source_seek_to_pcm_frame(). */
 MA_API ma_result ma_sound_seek_to_second(ma_sound* pSound, float seekPointInSeconds); /* Abstraction to ma_sound_seek_to_pcm_frame() */
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_data_format(ma_sound* pSound, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pCursor);
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pLength);
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_seconds(ma_sound* pSound, float* pCursor);
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_seconds(ma_sound* pSound, float* pLength);
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_data_format(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pCursor);
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pLength);
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_seconds(const ma_sound* pSound, float* pCursor);
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_seconds(const ma_sound* pSound, float* pLength);
 MA_API ma_result ma_sound_set_end_callback(ma_sound* pSound, ma_sound_end_proc callback, void* pUserData);
 
 MA_API ma_result ma_sound_group_init(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 flags, ma_sound_group* pParentGroup, ma_sound_group* pGroup);
@@ -11544,16 +11589,22 @@ IMPLEMENTATION
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(MA_WIN32)
-#include <sched.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>   /* select() (used for ma_sleep()). */
-#include <pthread.h>
-#endif
+    #if !defined(MA_NO_THREADING)
+        #include <sched.h>
+        #include <pthread.h>     /* For pthreads. */
+    #endif
 
-#ifdef MA_NX
-#include <time.h>       /* For nanosleep() */
+    #include <sys/time.h>   /* select() (used for ma_sleep()). */
+    #include <time.h>       /* For nanosleep() */
+    #include <unistd.h> 
 #endif
 
-#include <sys/stat.h>   /* For fstat(), etc. */
+/* For fstat(), etc. */
+#if defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
+    #include <stat.h>       /* Suggestion for NXDK: Add a sys/stat.h wrapper for compatibility. */
+#else
+    #include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif
 
 #ifdef MA_EMSCRIPTEN
 #include <emscripten/emscripten.h>
@@ -11606,7 +11657,7 @@ IMPLEMENTATION
 #endif
 
 /* Intrinsics Support */
-#if (defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)) && !defined(__COSMOPOLITAN__)
+#if defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)
     #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
         /* MSVC. */
         #if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !defined(MA_NO_SSE2)   /* 2005 */
@@ -11861,7 +11912,7 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_has_neon(void)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MA_RESTRICT
-    #if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #if defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 95)))
         #define MA_RESTRICT __restrict
     #else
         #define MA_RESTRICT
@@ -11955,7 +12006,7 @@ static void ma_sleep__posix(ma_uint32 milliseconds)
     (void)milliseconds;
     MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);  /* The Emscripten build should never sleep. */
 #else
-    #if (defined(_POSIX_C_SOURCE) && _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 199309L) || defined(MA_NX)
+    #if (defined(_POSIX_C_SOURCE) && _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 199309L) || defined(MA_SWITCH)
         struct timespec ts;
         ts.tv_sec  = milliseconds / 1000;
         ts.tv_nsec = milliseconds % 1000 * 1000000;
@@ -11997,7 +12048,7 @@ static MA_INLINE void ma_yield(void)
             #endif
         #endif
     #else
-        __asm__ __volatile__ ("pause");
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("rep; nop");
     #endif
 #elif (defined(__arm__) && defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 7) || defined(_M_ARM64) || (defined(_M_ARM) && _M_ARM >= 7) || defined(__ARM_ARCH_6K__) || defined(__ARM_ARCH_6T2__)
     /* ARM */
@@ -12020,7 +12071,7 @@ static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_disable_denormals(void)
 {
     unsigned int prevState;
 
-    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
     {
         /*
         Older versions of Visual Studio don't support the "safe" versions of _controlfp_s(). I don't
@@ -12043,7 +12094,7 @@ static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_disable_denormals(void)
     }
     #elif defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
     {
-        #if defined(__SSE2__) && !(defined(__TINYC__) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__COSMOPOLITAN__)) /* <-- Add compilers that lack support for _mm_getcsr() and _mm_setcsr() to this list. */
+        #if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2) && defined(__SSE2__) && !(defined(__TINYC__) || defined(__WATCOMC__)) /* <-- Add compilers that lack support for _mm_getcsr() and _mm_setcsr() to this list. */
         {
             prevState = _mm_getcsr();
             _mm_setcsr(prevState | MA_MM_DENORMALS_ZERO_MASK | MA_MM_FLUSH_ZERO_MASK);
@@ -12067,7 +12118,7 @@ static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_disable_denormals(void)
 
 static MA_INLINE void ma_restore_denormals(unsigned int prevState)
 {
-    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
     {
         /* Older versions of Visual Studio do not support _controlfp_s(). See ma_disable_denormals(). */
         #if _MSC_VER <= 1200
@@ -12083,7 +12134,7 @@ static MA_INLINE void ma_restore_denormals(unsigned int prevState)
     }
     #elif defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
     {
-        #if defined(__SSE2__) && !(defined(__TINYC__) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__COSMOPOLITAN__))   /* <-- Add compilers that lack support for _mm_getcsr() and _mm_setcsr() to this list. */
+        #if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2) && defined(__SSE2__) && !(defined(__TINYC__) || defined(__WATCOMC__))   /* <-- Add compilers that lack support for _mm_getcsr() and _mm_setcsr() to this list. */
         {
             _mm_setcsr(prevState);
         }
@@ -12719,6 +12770,29 @@ MA_API MA_NO_INLINE int ma_strcmp(const char* str1, const char* str2)
     return ((unsigned char*)str1)[0] - ((unsigned char*)str2)[0];
 }
 
+MA_API MA_NO_INLINE int ma_wcscmp(const wchar_t* str1, const wchar_t* str2)
+{
+    if (str1 == str2) return  0;
+
+    /* These checks differ from the standard implementation. It's not important, but I prefer it just for sanity. */
+    if (str1 == NULL) return -1;
+    if (str2 == NULL) return  1;
+
+    for (;;) {
+        if (str1[0] == L'\0') {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (str1[0] != str2[0]) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        str1 += 1;
+        str2 += 1;
+    }
+
+    return ((unsigned short*)str1)[0] - ((unsigned short*)str2)[0];
+}
+
 MA_API MA_NO_INLINE int ma_strappend(char* dst, size_t dstSize, const char* srcA, const char* srcB)
 {
     int result;
@@ -12736,6 +12810,22 @@ MA_API MA_NO_INLINE int ma_strappend(char* dst, size_t dstSize, const char* srcA
     return result;
 }
 
+MA_API MA_NO_INLINE size_t ma_wcslen(const wchar_t* str)
+{
+    const wchar_t* end;
+
+    if (str == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    end = str;
+    while (end[0] != '\0') {
+        end += 1;
+    }
+
+    return end - str;
+}
+
 MA_API MA_NO_INLINE char* ma_copy_string(const char* src, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     size_t sz;
@@ -12758,7 +12848,7 @@ MA_API MA_NO_INLINE char* ma_copy_string(const char* src, const ma_allocation_ca
 
 MA_API MA_NO_INLINE wchar_t* ma_copy_string_w(const wchar_t* src, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    size_t sz = wcslen(src)+1;
+    size_t sz = ma_wcslen(src)+1;
     wchar_t* dst = (wchar_t*)ma_malloc(sz * sizeof(*dst), pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (dst == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -13189,7 +13279,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_fopen(FILE** ppFile, const char* pFilePath, const char* pOpe
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
     }
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400) && !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
     err = fopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
     if (err != 0) {
         return ma_result_from_errno(err);
@@ -13231,7 +13321,7 @@ _wfopen() isn't always available in all compilation environments.
 This can be reviewed as compatibility issues arise. The preference is to use _wfopen_s() and _wfopen() as opposed to the wcsrtombs()
 fallback, so if you notice your compiler not detecting this properly I'm happy to look at adding support.
 */
-#if defined(_WIN32)
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
     #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW64__) || (!defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && !defined(_NO_EXT_KEYS))
         #define MA_HAS_WFOPEN
     #endif
@@ -13247,29 +13337,34 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_wfopen(FILE** ppFile, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const wchar_
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
     }
 
-#if defined(MA_HAS_WFOPEN)
+    #if defined(MA_HAS_WFOPEN)
     {
         /* Use _wfopen() on Windows. */
-    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
-        errno_t err = _wfopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
-        if (err != 0) {
-            return ma_result_from_errno(err);
+        #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
+        {
+            errno_t err = _wfopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return ma_result_from_errno(err);
+            }
         }
-    #else
-        *ppFile = _wfopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
-        if (*ppFile == NULL) {
-            return ma_result_from_errno(errno);
+        #else
+        {
+            *ppFile = _wfopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
+            if (*ppFile == NULL) {
+                return ma_result_from_errno(errno);
+            }
         }
-    #endif
+        #endif
+
         (void)pAllocationCallbacks;
     }
-#else
-    /*
-    Use fopen() on anything other than Windows. Requires a conversion. This is annoying because fopen() is locale specific. The only real way I can
-    think of to do this is with wcsrtombs(). Note that wcstombs() is apparently not thread-safe because it uses a static global mbstate_t object for
-    maintaining state. I've checked this with -std=c89 and it works, but if somebody get's a compiler error I'll look into improving compatibility.
-    */
+    #elif !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK) && !defined(MA_DOS)    /* If your compiler does not support wcsrtombs(), add it here. */
     {
+        /*
+        Use fopen() on anything other than Windows. Requires a conversion. This is annoying because fopen() is locale specific. The only real way I can
+        think of to do this is with wcsrtombs(). Note that wcstombs() is apparently not thread-safe because it uses a static global mbstate_t object for
+        maintaining state. I've checked this with -std=c89 and it works, but if somebody get's a compiler error I'll look into improving compatibility.
+        */
         mbstate_t mbs;
         size_t lenMB;
         const wchar_t* pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
@@ -13310,11 +13405,16 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_wfopen(FILE** ppFile, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const wchar_
 
         ma_free(pFilePathMB, pAllocationCallbacks);
     }
+    #else
+    {
+        /* Getting here means there is no way to open the file with a wide character string. */
+        *ppFile = NULL;
+    }
+    #endif
 
     if (*ppFile == NULL) {
         return MA_ERROR;
     }
-#endif
 
     return MA_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -13323,7 +13423,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_wfopen(FILE** ppFile, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const wchar_
 
 static MA_INLINE void ma_copy_memory_64(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 sizeInBytes)
 {
-#if 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF <= MA_SIZE_MAX
+#if MA_SIZE_MAX > 0xFFFFFFFF
     MA_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, (size_t)sizeInBytes);
 #else
     while (sizeInBytes > 0) {
@@ -13343,7 +13443,7 @@ static MA_INLINE void ma_copy_memory_64(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 si
 
 static MA_INLINE void ma_zero_memory_64(void* dst, ma_uint64 sizeInBytes)
 {
-#if 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF <= MA_SIZE_MAX
+#if MA_SIZE_MAX > 0xFFFFFFFF
     MA_ZERO_MEMORY(dst, (size_t)sizeInBytes);
 #else
     while (sizeInBytes > 0) {
@@ -13472,6 +13572,18 @@ static ma_result ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(ma_allocation_callbacks* pDst
 Logging
 
 **************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
+#ifndef ma_va_copy
+    #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1800
+        #if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 3)
+            #define ma_va_copy(dst, src) ((dst) = (src))    /* This is untested. Not sure if this is correct for old GCC. */
+        #else
+            #define ma_va_copy(dst, src) va_copy((dst), (src))
+        #endif
+    #else
+        #define ma_va_copy(dst, src) ((dst) = (src))
+    #endif
+#endif
+
 MA_API const char* ma_log_level_to_string(ma_uint32 logLevel)
 {
     switch (logLevel)
@@ -13712,9 +13824,15 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_log_postv(ma_log* pLog, ma_uint32 level, const char* pFormat
         int length;
         char  pFormattedMessageStack[1024];
         char* pFormattedMessageHeap = NULL;
+        va_list args2;
 
         /* First try formatting into our fixed sized stack allocated buffer. If this is too small we'll fallback to a heap allocation. */
-        length = vsnprintf(pFormattedMessageStack, sizeof(pFormattedMessageStack), pFormat, args);
+        ma_va_copy(args2, args);
+        {
+            length = vsnprintf(pFormattedMessageStack, sizeof(pFormattedMessageStack), pFormat, args2);
+        }
+        va_end(args2);
+
         if (length < 0) {
             return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* An error occurred when trying to convert the buffer. */
         }
@@ -13755,17 +13873,10 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_log_postv(ma_log* pLog, ma_uint32 level, const char* pFormat
             char* pFormattedMessage = NULL;
             va_list args2;
 
-            #if _MSC_VER >= 1800
-            {
-                va_copy(args2, args);
-            }
-            #else
+            ma_va_copy(args2, args);
             {
-                args2 = args;
+                formattedLen = ma_vscprintf(&pLog->allocationCallbacks, pFormat, args2);
             }
-            #endif
-
-            formattedLen = ma_vscprintf(&pLog->allocationCallbacks, pFormat, args2);
             va_end(args2);
 
             if (formattedLen <= 0) {
@@ -13964,7 +14075,7 @@ miniaudio's purposes.
 #define MA_LCG_A   48271
 #define MA_LCG_C   0
 
-static ma_lcg g_maLCG = {MA_DEFAULT_LCG_SEED}; /* Non-zero initial seed. Use ma_seed() to use an explicit seed. */
+static ma_lcg g_maLCG = {MA_DEFAULT_LCG_SEED}; /* Non-zero initial seed. Use ma_lcg_seed() to use an explicit seed. */
 
 static MA_INLINE void ma_lcg_seed(ma_lcg* pLCG, ma_int32 seed)
 {
@@ -14013,7 +14124,7 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_int32 ma_lcg_rand_range_s32(ma_lcg* pLCG, ma_int32 lo, ma_in
 }
 
 
-
+#if 0   /* Currently unused. */
 static MA_INLINE void ma_seed(ma_int32 seed)
 {
     ma_lcg_seed(&g_maLCG, seed);
@@ -14038,6 +14149,7 @@ static MA_INLINE float ma_rand_f32(void)
 {
     return ma_lcg_rand_f32(&g_maLCG);
 }
+#endif
 
 static MA_INLINE float ma_rand_range_f32(float lo, float hi)
 {
@@ -14097,6 +14209,7 @@ Atomics
 **************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
 /* c89atomic.h begin */
 #ifndef ma_atomic_h
+#define ma_atomic_h
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -14108,11 +14221,63 @@ extern "C" {
     #endif
 #endif
 typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
-#define MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8
-#define MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16
-#define MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32
-#define MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64
-#if (defined(_MSC_VER) ) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__DMC__)
+#if !defined(MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_MSVC) && \
+    !defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC) && \
+    !defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC_ASM) && \
+    !defined(MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_GCC) && \
+    !defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC) && \
+    !defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC_ASM)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__DMC__) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+        #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1600)
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_MSVC
+        #else
+            #if defined(MA_X64)
+                #define MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC
+            #else
+                #define MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC_ASM
+            #endif
+        #endif
+    #elif (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7))) || defined(__clang__)
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_GCC
+    #else
+        #if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC
+        #else
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC_ASM
+        #endif
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_MSVC) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC)
+    #include <intrin.h>
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed  1
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume  2
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire  3
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release  4
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  5
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  6
+    #define MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_NORETURN(dst, src, order, intrin, ma_atomicType, msvcType)   \
+        switch (order) \
+        { \
+            case ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed: \
+            { \
+                intrin##_nf((volatile msvcType*)dst, (msvcType)src); \
+            } break; \
+            case ma_atomic_memory_order_consume: \
+            case ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire: \
+            { \
+                intrin##_acq((volatile msvcType*)dst, (msvcType)src); \
+            } break; \
+            case ma_atomic_memory_order_release: \
+            { \
+                intrin##_rel((volatile msvcType*)dst, (msvcType)src); \
+            } break; \
+            case ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel: \
+            case ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst: \
+            default: \
+            { \
+                intrin((volatile msvcType*)dst, (msvcType)src); \
+            } break; \
+        }
     #define MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, intrin, ma_atomicType, msvcType)   \
         ma_atomicType result; \
         switch (order) \
@@ -14138,720 +14303,1501 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
             } break; \
         } \
         return result;
-    #define MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, expected, desired, order, intrin, ma_atomicType, msvcType)   \
+    typedef ma_uint32 ma_atomic_flag;
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, 1, order, _InterlockedExchange, ma_atomic_flag, long);
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            (void)order;
+            return (ma_atomic_flag)_InterlockedExchange((volatile long*)dst, (long)1);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_NORETURN(dst, 0, order, _InterlockedExchange, ma_atomic_flag, long);
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            (void)order;
+            _InterlockedExchange((volatile long*)dst, (long)0);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(volatile const ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        (void)order;
+        return (ma_uint32)_InterlockedCompareExchange((volatile long*)dst, 0, 0);
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC_ASM)
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed  1
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume  2
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire  3
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release  4
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  5
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  6
+    typedef ma_uint32 ma_atomic_flag;
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        ma_atomic_flag result = 0;
+        (void)order;
+        __asm {
+            mov ecx, dst
+            mov eax, 1
+            xchg [ecx], eax
+            mov result, eax
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov dword ptr [esi], 0
+            }
+        } else {
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov eax, 0
+                xchg [esi], eax
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(volatile const ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        ma_atomic_flag result = 0;
+        if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov eax, [esi]
+                mov result, eax
+            }
+        } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov eax, [esi]
+                lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                mov result, eax
+            }
+        } else {
+            __asm {
+                lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov eax, [esi]
+                mov result, eax
+                lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_GCC)
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed                   __ATOMIC_RELAXED
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume                   __ATOMIC_CONSUME
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire                   __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release                   __ATOMIC_RELEASE
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel                   __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst                   __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST
+    typedef ma_uint32 ma_atomic_flag;
+    #define ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(dst, order) __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
+    #define ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(dst, order)        __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
+    #define ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(dst, order)         __atomic_load_n(dst, order)
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC)
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed  1
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume  2
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire  3
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release  4
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  5
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  6
+    typedef ma_uint32 ma_atomic_flag;
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        if (order > ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) {
+            __sync_synchronize();
+        }
+        return __sync_lock_test_and_set(dst, 1);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        if (order > ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+            __sync_synchronize();
+        }
+        __sync_lock_release(dst);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(volatile const ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        (void)order;
+        return __sync_val_compare_and_swap((ma_atomic_flag*)dst, 0, 0);
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC_ASM)
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed  1
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume  2
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire  3
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release  4
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  5
+    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  6
+    #if defined(MA_X86)
+        #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order) __asm__ __volatile__("lock; addl $0, (%%esp)" ::: "memory")
+    #elif defined(MA_X64)
+        #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order) __asm__ __volatile__("lock; addq $0, (%%rsp)" ::: "memory")
+    #else
+        #error Unsupported architecture.
+    #endif
+    #define MA_ATOMIC_XCHG_GCC_X86(instructionSizeSuffix, result, dst, src) \
+        __asm__ __volatile__(                    \
+            "xchg"instructionSizeSuffix" %0, %1" \
+            : "=r"(result),              \
+              "=m"(*dst)                 \
+            : "0"(src),                  \
+              "m"(*dst)                  \
+            : "memory"                           \
+        )
+    #define MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELAXED_GCC_X86(instructionSizeSuffix, result, dst) \
+        __asm__ __volatile__(                   \
+            "mov"instructionSizeSuffix" %1, %0" \
+            : "=r"(result)              \
+            : "m"(*dst)                 \
+        )
+    #define MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELEASE_GCC_X86(instructionSizeSuffix, result, dst) \
+        ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order_release); \
+        __asm__ __volatile__(                   \
+            "mov"instructionSizeSuffix" %1, %0" \
+            : "=r"(result)              \
+            : "m"(*dst)                 \
+            : "memory"                          \
+        )
+    #define MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_SEQ_CST_GCC_X86(instructionSizeSuffix, result, dst) \
+        ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst); \
+        __asm__ __volatile__(                   \
+            "mov"instructionSizeSuffix" %1, %0" \
+            : "=r"(result)              \
+            : "m"(*dst)                 \
+            : "memory"                          \
+        );                                      \
+        ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+    typedef ma_uint32 ma_atomic_flag;
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        ma_atomic_flag result;
+        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+        {
+            (void)order;
+            MA_ATOMIC_XCHG_GCC_X86("l", result, dst, 1);
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            #error Unsupported architecture.
+        }
+        #endif
+        return result;
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(volatile ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+        {
+            if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                __asm__ __volatile__(
+                    "movl $0, %0"
+                    : "=m"(*dst)
+                );
+            } else if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                __asm__ __volatile__(
+                    "movl $0, %0"
+                    : "=m"(*dst)
+                    :
+                    : "memory"
+                );
+            } else {
+                ma_atomic_flag tmp = 0;
+                __asm__ __volatile__(
+                    "xchgl %0, %1"
+                    : "=r"(tmp),
+                      "=m"(*dst)
+                    : "0"(tmp),
+                      "m"(*dst)
+                    : "memory"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            #error Unsupported architecture.
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(volatile const ma_atomic_flag* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+        {
+            ma_atomic_flag result;
+            if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELAXED_GCC_X86("l", result, dst);
+            } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELEASE_GCC_X86("l", result, dst);
+            } else {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_SEQ_CST_GCC_X86("l", result, dst);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            #error Unsupported architecture.
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+#endif
+#define ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set(dst) ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire)
+#define ma_atomic_flag_clear(dst)        ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_release)
+typedef ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_spinlock;
+static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_spinlock_lock(volatile ma_atomic_spinlock* pSpinlock)
+{
+    for (;;) {
+        if (ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(pSpinlock, ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) == 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        while (ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(pSpinlock, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) == 1) {
+        }
+    }
+}
+static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_spinlock_unlock(volatile ma_atomic_spinlock* pSpinlock)
+{
+    ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(pSpinlock, ma_atomic_memory_order_release);
+}
+ma_atomic_spinlock ma_atomic_global_lock;
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_MSVC) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC_ASM) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC_ASM)
+    #if defined(MA_X64) || (defined(MA_X86) && ((defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__i486__)) || (defined(_M_IX86) && _M_IX86 >= 400)))
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC) && defined(MA_X64)
+        #else
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8  1
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16 1
+        #endif
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32     1
+        #if defined(MA_X64) || (defined(MA_X86) && ((defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__i586__)) || (defined(_M_IX86) && _M_IX86 >= 500)))
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64 1
+        #else
+        #endif
+    #else
+    #endif
+    #if defined(MA_ARM32) || defined(MA_ARM64)
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8  1
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16 1
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32 1
+        #if defined(MA_ARM64) || defined(__ARM_ARCH_7A__) || defined(__ARM_ARCH_7R__) || defined(__ARM_ARCH_6K__) || defined(__ARM_ARCH_6Z__) || defined(__ARM_ARCH_6ZK__)
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64 1
+        #endif
+    #endif
+    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_PPC32) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_PPC64)
+        #if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 7))) && !defined(__clang__)
+        #else
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8  1
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16 1
+        #endif
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32     1
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_PPC64)
+            #define MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64 1
+        #endif
+    #endif
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_8(volatile void* ptr)
+    {
+        (void)ptr;
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            return 1;
+        #else
+            return 0;
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_16(volatile void* ptr)
+    {
+        (void)ptr;
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            return 1;
+        #else
+            return 0;
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_32(volatile void* ptr)
+    {
+        (void)ptr;
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            return 1;
+        #else
+            return 0;
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_64(volatile void* ptr)
+    {
+        (void)ptr;
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            return 1;
+        #else
+            return 0;
+        #endif
+    }
+#endif
+#define MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(sizeInBits, dst, expected, replacement) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits result; \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_lock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    { \
+        result = *dst; \
+        if (result == expected) { \
+            *dst = replacement; \
+        } \
+    } \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_unlock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    return result
+#define MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(sizeInBits, ptr, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits result; \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_lock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    { \
+        result = *ptr; \
+        (void)order; \
+    } \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_unlock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    return result
+#define MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_lock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    { \
+        *dst = src; \
+        (void)order; \
+    } \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_unlock(&ma_atomic_global_lock)
+#define MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_CAS(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits oldValue; \
+    do { \
+        oldValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_##sizeInBits(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed); \
+    } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_##sizeInBits(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue); \
+    (void)order
+#define MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits result; \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_lock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    { \
+        result = *dst; \
+        *dst = src; \
+        (void)order; \
+    } \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_unlock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    return result
+#define MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_CAS(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits oldValue; \
+    do { \
+        oldValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_##sizeInBits(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed); \
+    } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_##sizeInBits(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue); \
+    (void)order; \
+    return oldValue
+#define MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits result; \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_lock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    { \
+        result = *dst; \
+        *dst += src; \
+        (void)order; \
+    } \
+    ma_atomic_spinlock_unlock(&ma_atomic_global_lock); \
+    return result
+#define MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_CAS(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits oldValue; \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits newValue; \
+    do { \
+        oldValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_##sizeInBits(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed); \
+        newValue = oldValue + src; \
+    } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_##sizeInBits(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue); \
+    (void)order; \
+    return oldValue
+#define MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits oldValue; \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits newValue; \
+    do { \
+        oldValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_##sizeInBits(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed); \
+        newValue = (ma_uint##sizeInBits)(oldValue & src); \
+    } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_##sizeInBits(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue); \
+    (void)order; \
+    return oldValue
+#define MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits oldValue; \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits newValue; \
+    do { \
+        oldValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_##sizeInBits(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed); \
+        newValue = (ma_uint##sizeInBits)(oldValue | src); \
+    } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_##sizeInBits(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue); \
+    (void)order; \
+    return oldValue
+#define MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(sizeInBits, dst, src, order) \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits oldValue; \
+    ma_uint##sizeInBits newValue; \
+    do { \
+        oldValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_##sizeInBits(dst, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed); \
+        newValue = (ma_uint##sizeInBits)(oldValue ^ src); \
+    } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_##sizeInBits(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue); \
+    (void)order; \
+    return oldValue
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_MSVC) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC)
+    #define MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, expected, replacement, order, intrin, ma_atomicType, msvcType)   \
         ma_atomicType result; \
         switch (order) \
         { \
             case ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed: \
             { \
-                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin##_nf((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)desired); \
+                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin##_nf((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)replacement); \
             } break; \
             case ma_atomic_memory_order_consume: \
             case ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire: \
             { \
-                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin##_acq((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)desired); \
+                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin##_acq((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)replacement); \
             } break; \
             case ma_atomic_memory_order_release: \
             { \
-                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin##_rel((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)desired); \
+                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin##_rel((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)replacement); \
             } break; \
             case ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel: \
             case ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst: \
             default: \
             { \
-                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)desired); \
+                result = (ma_atomicType)intrin((volatile msvcType*)ptr, (msvcType)expected, (msvcType)replacement); \
             } break; \
         } \
         return result;
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed  0
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume  1
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire  2
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release  3
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  4
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  5
-    #if _MSC_VER < 1600 && defined(MA_X86)
-        #define MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_USE_INLINED_ASSEMBLY
+    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8( dst, expected, replacement) (ma_uint8 )_InterlockedCompareExchange8((volatile char*)dst, (char)replacement, (char)expected)
+    #else
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 replacement)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(8, dst, expected, replacement);
+        }
+    #endif
+    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expected, replacement) (ma_uint16)_InterlockedCompareExchange16((volatile short*)dst, (short)replacement, (short)expected)
+    #else
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 replacement)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(16, dst, expected, replacement);
+        }
     #endif
-    #if _MSC_VER < 1600
-        #undef MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8
-        #undef MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16
+    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expected, replacement) (ma_uint32)_InterlockedCompareExchange((volatile long*)dst, (long)replacement, (long)expected)
+    #else
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 replacement)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(32, dst, expected, replacement);
+        }
     #endif
-    #if !defined(MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_USE_INLINED_ASSEMBLY)
-        #include <intrin.h>
+    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expected, replacement) (ma_uint64)_InterlockedCompareExchange64((volatile ma_int64*)dst, (ma_int64)replacement, (ma_int64)expected)
+    #else
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 replacement)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(64, dst, expected, replacement);
+        }
     #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_USE_INLINED_ASSEMBLY)
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 desired)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(volatile const ma_uint8* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ARM)
             {
-                ma_uint8 result = 0;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov al,  expected
-                    mov dl,  desired
-                    lock cmpxchg [ecx], dl
-                    mov result, al
-                }
-                return result;
+                MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange8, ma_uint8, char);
             }
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 desired)
+            #else
             {
-                ma_uint16 result = 0;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov ax,  expected
-                    mov dx,  desired
-                    lock cmpxchg [ecx], dx
-                    mov result, ax
-                }
-                return result;
+                (void)order;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8((volatile ma_uint8*)ptr, 0, 0);
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, ptr, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 desired)
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_load_explicit_16(volatile const ma_uint16* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ARM)
             {
-                ma_uint32 result = 0;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov eax, expected
-                    mov edx, desired
-                    lock cmpxchg [ecx], edx
-                    mov result, eax
-                }
-                return result;
+                MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange16, ma_uint16, short);
             }
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 desired)
+            #else
             {
-                ma_uint32 resultEAX = 0;
-                ma_uint32 resultEDX = 0;
-                __asm {
-                    mov esi, dst
-                    mov eax, dword ptr expected
-                    mov edx, dword ptr expected + 4
-                    mov ebx, dword ptr desired
-                    mov ecx, dword ptr desired + 4
-                    lock cmpxchg8b qword ptr [esi]
-                    mov resultEAX, eax
-                    mov resultEDX, edx
-                }
-                return ((ma_uint64)resultEDX << 32) | resultEAX;
+                (void)order;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16((volatile ma_uint16*)ptr, 0, 0);
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, ptr, order);
+        }
         #endif
-    #else
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-            #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8( dst, expected, desired) (ma_uint8 )_InterlockedCompareExchange8((volatile char*)dst, (char)desired, (char)expected)
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-            #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expected, desired) (ma_uint16)_InterlockedCompareExchange16((volatile short*)dst, (short)desired, (short)expected)
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-            #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expected, desired) (ma_uint32)_InterlockedCompareExchange((volatile long*)dst, (long)desired, (long)expected)
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-            #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expected, desired) (ma_uint64)_InterlockedCompareExchange64((volatile ma_int64*)dst, (ma_int64)desired, (ma_int64)expected)
-        #endif
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_USE_INLINED_ASSEMBLY)
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(volatile const ma_uint32* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ARM)
             {
-                ma_uint8 result = 0;
-                (void)order;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov al,  src
-                    lock xchg [ecx], al
-                    mov result, al
-                }
-                return result;
+                MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange, ma_uint32, long);
             }
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+            #else
             {
-                ma_uint16 result = 0;
                 (void)order;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov ax,  src
-                    lock xchg [ecx], ax
-                    mov result, ax
-                }
-                return result;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32((volatile ma_uint32*)ptr, 0, 0);
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, ptr, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_load_explicit_64(volatile const ma_uint64* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ARM)
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange64, ma_uint64, long long);
+            }
+            #else
             {
-                ma_uint32 result = 0;
                 (void)order;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov eax, src
-                    lock xchg [ecx], eax
-                    mov result, eax
-                }
-                return result;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((volatile ma_uint64*)ptr, 0, 0);
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, ptr, order);
+        }
         #endif
-    #else
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+        {
             #if defined(MA_ARM)
+            {
                 MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchange8, ma_uint8, char);
+            }
             #else
+            {
                 (void)order;
                 return (ma_uint8)_InterlockedExchange8((volatile char*)dst, (char)src);
-            #endif
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        {
             #if defined(MA_ARM)
+            {
                 MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchange16, ma_uint16, short);
+            }
             #else
+            {
                 (void)order;
                 return (ma_uint16)_InterlockedExchange16((volatile short*)dst, (short)src);
-            #endif
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
             #if defined(MA_ARM)
+            {
                 MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchange, ma_uint32, long);
+            }
             #else
+            {
                 (void)order;
                 return (ma_uint32)_InterlockedExchange((volatile long*)dst, (long)src);
-            #endif
             }
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64) && defined(MA_64BIT)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
-            #if defined(MA_ARM)
-                MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchange64, ma_uint64, long long);
-            #else
-                (void)order;
-                return (ma_uint64)_InterlockedExchange64((volatile long long*)dst, (long long)src);
             #endif
-            }
+        }
         #else
-        #endif
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64) && !defined(MA_64BIT)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_USE_INLINED_ASSEMBLY)
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_32BIT)
             {
-                ma_uint8 result = 0;
-                (void)order;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov al,  src
-                    lock xadd [ecx], al
-                    mov result, al
-                }
-                return result;
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
             }
-        #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+            #else
             {
-                ma_uint16 result = 0;
-                (void)order;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov ax,  src
-                    lock xadd [ecx], ax
-                    mov result, ax
+                #if defined(MA_ARM)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchange64, ma_uint64, long long);
                 }
-                return result;
+                #else
+                {
+                    (void)order;
+                    return (ma_uint64)_InterlockedExchange64((volatile long long*)dst, (long long)src);
+                }
+                #endif
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ARM)
             {
-                ma_uint32 result = 0;
-                (void)order;
-                __asm {
-                    mov ecx, dst
-                    mov eax, src
-                    lock xadd [ecx], eax
-                    mov result, eax
-                }
-                return result;
-            }
-        #endif
-    #else
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
-            #if defined(MA_ARM)
                 MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchangeAdd8, ma_uint8, char);
+            }
             #else
+            {
                 (void)order;
                 return (ma_uint8)_InterlockedExchangeAdd8((volatile char*)dst, (char)src);
-            #endif
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        {
             #if defined(MA_ARM)
+            {
                 MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchangeAdd16, ma_uint16, short);
+            }
             #else
+            {
                 (void)order;
                 return (ma_uint16)_InterlockedExchangeAdd16((volatile short*)dst, (short)src);
-            #endif
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
             #if defined(MA_ARM)
+            {
                 MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchangeAdd, ma_uint32, long);
+            }
             #else
+            {
                 (void)order;
                 return (ma_uint32)_InterlockedExchangeAdd((volatile long*)dst, (long)src);
-            #endif
             }
+            #endif
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
-        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64) && defined(MA_64BIT)
-            static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_32BIT)
             {
-            #if defined(MA_ARM)
-                MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchangeAdd64, ma_uint64, long long);
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
             #else
-                (void)order;
-                return (ma_uint64)_InterlockedExchangeAdd64((volatile long long*)dst, (long long)src);
-            #endif
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_ARM)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedExchangeAdd64, ma_uint64, long long);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    (void)order;
+                    return (ma_uint64)_InterlockedExchangeAdd64((volatile long long*)dst, (long long)src);
+                }
+                #endif
             }
+            #endif
+        }
         #else
-        #endif
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64) && !defined(MA_64BIT)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-        {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue + src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_USE_INLINED_ASSEMBLY)
-        static MA_INLINE void __stdcall ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(dst, (ma_uint8)(-(ma_int8)src), order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, (ma_uint16)(-(ma_int16)src), order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, (ma_uint32)(-(ma_int32)src), order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(dst, (ma_uint64)(-(ma_int64)src), order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            __asm {
-                lock add [esp], 0
-            }
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd8, ma_uint8, char);
         }
-    #else
-        #if defined(MA_X64)
-            #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order)   __faststorefence(), (void)order
-        #elif defined(MA_ARM64)
-            #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order)   __dmb(_ARM64_BARRIER_ISH), (void)order
         #else
-            static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-            {
-                volatile ma_uint32 barrier = 0;
-                ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(&barrier, 0, order);
-            }
-        #endif
-    #endif
-    #define ma_atomic_compiler_fence()      ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-    #define ma_atomic_signal_fence(order)   ma_atomic_thread_fence(order)
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(volatile const ma_uint8* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
         #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange8, ma_uint8, char);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd16, ma_uint16, short);
+        }
         #else
-            (void)order;
-            return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8((volatile ma_uint8*)ptr, 0, 0);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd, ma_uint32, long);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_load_explicit_16(volatile const ma_uint16* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
         #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange16, ma_uint16, short);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd64, ma_uint64, long long);
+        }
         #else
-            (void)order;
-            return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16((volatile ma_uint16*)ptr, 0, 0);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr8, ma_uint8, char);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(volatile const ma_uint32* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
         #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange, ma_uint32, long);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr16, ma_uint16, short);
+        }
         #else
-            (void)order;
-            return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32((volatile ma_uint32*)ptr, 0, 0);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr, ma_uint32, long);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_load_explicit_64(volatile const ma_uint64* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
         #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC_COMPARE_EXCHANGE(ptr, 0, 0, order, _InterlockedCompareExchange64, ma_uint64, long long);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr64, ma_uint64, long long);
+        }
         #else
-            (void)order;
-            return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((volatile ma_uint64*)ptr, 0, 0);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor8, ma_uint8, char);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, src, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-        {
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue - src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-        {
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue - src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor16, ma_uint16, short);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-        {
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue - src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-        {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue - src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ARM)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor, ma_uint32, long);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
         #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd8, ma_uint8, char);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor64, ma_uint64, long long);
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue & src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, src, order)
+    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)
+    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)
+    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)
+    #if defined(MA_X64)
+        #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order)   __faststorefence(), (void)order
+    #elif defined(MA_ARM64)
+        #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order)   __dmb(_ARM64_BARRIER_ISH), (void)order
+    #else
+        static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            volatile ma_uint32 barrier = 0;
+            ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(&barrier, 0, order);
         }
     #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    #define ma_atomic_signal_fence(order)   _ReadWriteBarrier(), (void)order
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_MSVC_ASM)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 replacement)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd16, ma_uint16, short);
+            ma_uint8 result = 0;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov al,  expected
+                mov dl,  replacement
+                lock cmpxchg [ecx], dl
+                mov result, al
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue & src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
-        #endif
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(8, dst, expected, replacement);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 replacement)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd, ma_uint32, long);
+            ma_uint16 result = 0;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov ax,  expected
+                mov dx,  replacement
+                lock cmpxchg [ecx], dx
+                mov result, ax
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue & src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
-        #endif
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(16, dst, expected, replacement);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 replacement)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedAnd64, ma_uint64, long long);
+            ma_uint32 result = 0;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov eax, expected
+                mov edx, replacement
+                lock cmpxchg [ecx], edx
+                mov result, eax
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue & src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
-        #endif
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(32, dst, expected, replacement);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 replacement)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor8, ma_uint8, char);
+            ma_uint32 resultEAX = 0;
+            ma_uint32 resultEDX = 0;
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov eax, dword ptr expected
+                mov edx, dword ptr expected + 4
+                mov ebx, dword ptr replacement
+                mov ecx, dword ptr replacement + 4
+                lock cmpxchg8b qword ptr [esi]
+                mov resultEAX, eax
+                mov resultEDX, edx
+            }
+            return ((ma_uint64)resultEDX << 32) | resultEAX;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue ^ src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
-        #endif
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(64, dst, expected, replacement);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(volatile const ma_uint8* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor16, ma_uint16, short);
+            ma_uint8 result = 0;
+            if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov al, [esi]
+                    mov result, al
+                }
+            } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov al, [esi]
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                    mov result, al
+                }
+            } else {
+                __asm {
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov al, [esi]
+                    mov result, al
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue ^ src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_load_explicit_16(volatile const ma_uint16* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        {
+            ma_uint16 result = 0;
+            if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov ax, [esi]
+                    mov result, ax
+                }
+            } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov ax, [esi]
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                    mov result, ax
+                }
+            } else {
+                __asm {
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov ax, [esi]
+                    mov result, ax
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor, ma_uint32, long);
+            MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(volatile const ma_uint32* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
+            ma_uint32 result = 0;
+            if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov eax, [esi]
+                    mov result, eax
+                }
+            } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov eax, [esi]
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                    mov result, eax
+                }
+            } else {
+                __asm {
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov eax, [esi]
+                    mov result, eax
+                    lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue ^ src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_load_explicit_64(volatile const ma_uint64* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        (void)order;
+        return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, 0, 0);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void __stdcall ma_atomic_store_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov al, src
+                mov [esi], al
+            }
+        } else {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov al, src
+                    xchg [esi], al
+                }
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void __stdcall ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov ax, src
+                mov [esi], ax
+            }
+        } else {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov ax, src
+                    xchg [esi], ax
+                }
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void __stdcall ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+            __asm {
+                mov esi, dst
+                mov eax, src
+                mov [esi], eax
+            }
+        } else {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                __asm {
+                    mov esi, dst
+                    mov eax, src
+                    xchg [esi], eax
+                }
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void __stdcall ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedXor64, ma_uint64, long long);
+            MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue ^ src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+        {
+            ma_uint8 result = 0;
+            (void)order;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov al,  src
+                lock xchg [ecx], al
+                mov result, al
+            }
+            return result;
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr8, ma_uint8, char);
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        {
+            ma_uint16 result = 0;
+            (void)order;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov ax,  src
+                lock xchg [ecx], ax
+                mov result, ax
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue | src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
+            ma_uint32 result = 0;
             (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov eax, src
+                xchg [ecx], eax
+                mov result, eax
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr16, ma_uint16, short);
+            MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+        {
+            ma_uint8 result = 0;
+            (void)order;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov al,  src
+                lock xadd [ecx], al
+                mov result, al
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue | src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        {
+            ma_uint16 result = 0;
             (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov ax,  src
+                lock xadd [ecx], ax
+                mov result, ax
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
+            ma_uint32 result = 0;
+            (void)order;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov eax, src
+                lock xadd [ecx], eax
+                mov result, eax
+            }
+            return result;
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr, ma_uint32, long);
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue | src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+        {
+            ma_uint8 result = 0;
+            (void)order;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov al,  src
+                neg al
+                lock xadd [ecx], al
+                mov result, al
+            }
+            return result;
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        #else
         {
-        #if defined(MA_ARM)
-            MA_ATOMIC_MSVC_ARM_INTRINSIC(dst, src, order, _InterlockedOr64, ma_uint64, long long);
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(8, dst, (ma_uint8)(-(ma_int8)src), order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+        {
+            ma_uint16 result = 0;
+            (void)order;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov ax,  src
+                neg ax
+                lock xadd [ecx], ax
+                mov result, ax
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
         #else
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue | src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(16, dst, (ma_uint16)(-(ma_int16)src), order);
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+        {
+            ma_uint32 result = 0;
             (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            __asm {
+                mov ecx, dst
+                mov eax, src
+                neg eax
+                lock xadd [ecx], eax
+                mov result, eax
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(32, dst, (ma_uint32)(-(ma_int32)src), order);
+        }
         #endif
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_CAS(64, dst, (ma_uint64)(-(ma_int64)src), order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 __stdcall ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+    }
+    static MA_INLINE void __stdcall ma_atomic_thread_fence(ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    {
+        (void)order;
+        __asm {
+            lock add dword ptr [esp], 0
         }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( dst, order) ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, 1, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(dst, order) ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, 1, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(dst, order) ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, 1, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(dst, order) ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, 1, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_8( dst, order) ma_atomic_store_explicit_8 (dst, 0, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_16(dst, order) ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, 0, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_32(dst, order) ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, 0, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_64(dst, order) ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, 0, order)
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        typedef ma_uint8 ma_atomic_flag;
-        #define ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(ptr, order)    (ma_bool32)ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8(ptr, order)
-        #define ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(ptr, order)           ma_atomic_clear_explicit_8(ptr, order)
-        #define ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(ptr, order)            ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(ptr, order)
-    #else
-        typedef ma_uint32 ma_atomic_flag;
-        #define ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(ptr, order)    (ma_bool32)ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(ptr, order)
-        #define ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(ptr, order)           ma_atomic_clear_explicit_32(ptr, order)
-        #define ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(ptr, order)            ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(ptr, order)
-    #endif
-#elif defined(__clang__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7)))
+    }
+    #define ma_atomic_signal_fence(order) __asm {}; (void)order
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_MODERN_GCC)
     #define MA_ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_COMPARE_EXCHANGE
-    #define MA_ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_IS_LOCK_FREE
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed                          __ATOMIC_RELAXED
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume                          __ATOMIC_CONSUME
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire                          __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release                          __ATOMIC_RELEASE
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel                          __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst                          __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST
-    #define ma_atomic_compiler_fence()                              __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")
     #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order)                           __atomic_thread_fence(order)
     #define ma_atomic_signal_fence(order)                           __atomic_signal_fence(order)
     #define ma_atomic_is_lock_free_8(ptr)                           __atomic_is_lock_free(1, ptr)
     #define ma_atomic_is_lock_free_16(ptr)                          __atomic_is_lock_free(2, ptr)
     #define ma_atomic_is_lock_free_32(ptr)                          __atomic_is_lock_free(4, ptr)
     #define ma_atomic_is_lock_free_64(ptr)                          __atomic_is_lock_free(8, ptr)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_8( dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_16(dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_32(dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_64(dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
     #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order)            __atomic_store_n(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order)            __atomic_store_n(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order)            __atomic_store_n(dst, src, order)
@@ -14864,14 +15810,14 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
     #define ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)         __atomic_exchange_n(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)         __atomic_exchange_n(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)         __atomic_exchange_n(dst, src, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8( dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, replacement, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
     #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_add(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_add(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_add(dst, src, order)
@@ -14892,19 +15838,19 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
     #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_and(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_and(dst, src, order)
     #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_and(dst, src, order)
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 desired)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 replacement)
     {
-        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, desired, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, replacement, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
         return expected;
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 desired)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 replacement)
     {
-        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, desired, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, replacement, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
         return expected;
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 desired)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 replacement)
     {
-        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, desired, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, replacement, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
         return expected;
     }
     #if defined(__clang__)
@@ -14913,636 +15859,1134 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
             #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Watomic-alignment"
         #endif
     #endif
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 desired)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 replacement)
     {
-        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, desired, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, &expected, replacement, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
         return expected;
     }
     #if defined(__clang__)
         #pragma clang diagnostic pop
     #endif
-    typedef ma_uint8 ma_atomic_flag;
-    #define ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(dst, order)        (ma_bool32)__atomic_test_and_set(dst, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(dst, order)               __atomic_clear(dst, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(ptr, order)                ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(ptr, order)
-#else
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed  1
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_consume  2
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire  3
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_release  4
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  5
-    #define ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  6
-    #define ma_atomic_compiler_fence() __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")
-    #if defined(__GNUC__)
+#endif
+#if defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC) || defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC_ASM)
+    #define ma_atomic_signal_fence(order)   __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")
+    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC)
         #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order) __sync_synchronize(), (void)order
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 replacement)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                return __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(8, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 replacement)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                return __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(16, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 replacement)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                return __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(32, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 replacement)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                return __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(64, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(volatile const ma_uint8* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8((ma_uint8*)ptr, 0, 0);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, ptr, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_load_explicit_16(volatile const ma_uint16* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16((ma_uint16*)ptr, 0, 0);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, ptr, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(volatile const ma_uint32* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32((ma_uint32*)ptr, 0, 0);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, ptr, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_load_explicit_64(volatile const ma_uint64* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((ma_uint64*)ptr, 0, 0);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, ptr, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            if (order > ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) {
-                __sync_synchronize();
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                if (order > ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) {
+                    __sync_synchronize();
+                }
+                return __sync_lock_test_and_set(dst, src);
             }
-            return __sync_lock_test_and_set(dst, src);
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-            } while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                if (order > ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) {
+                    __sync_synchronize();
+                }
+                return __sync_lock_test_and_set(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-            } while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                if (order > ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) {
+                    __sync_synchronize();
+                }
+                return __sync_lock_test_and_set(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-            } while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                if (order > ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) {
+                    __sync_synchronize();
+                }
+                return __sync_lock_test_and_set(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
+        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, src, order)
+        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)
+        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)
+        #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, src, order) (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(8, dst, (ma_uint8)(-(ma_int8)src), order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(16, dst, (ma_uint16)(-(ma_int16)src), order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(32, dst, (ma_uint32)(-(ma_int32)src), order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(64, dst, (ma_uint64)(-(ma_int64)src), order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64)
+            {
+                (void)order;
+                return __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+    #elif defined(MA_ATOMIC_LEGACY_GCC_ASM)
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_CMPXCHG_GCC_X86(instructionSizeSuffix, result, dst, expected, replacement) \
+            __asm__ __volatile__(                             \
+                "lock; cmpxchg"instructionSizeSuffix" %2, %1" \
+                : "=a"(result),                       \
+                  "=m"(*dst)                          \
+                : "r"(replacement),                   \
+                  "0"(expected),                      \
+                  "m"(*dst)                           \
+                : "cc", "memory")
+        #define MA_ATOMIC_XADD_GCC_X86(instructionSizeSuffix, result, dst, src) \
+            __asm__ __volatile__(        \
+                "lock; xadd"instructionSizeSuffix" %0, %1"      \
+                : "=a"(result),  \
+                  "=m"(*dst)     \
+                : "0"(src),      \
+                  "m"(*dst)      \
+                : "cc", "memory")
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 replacement)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint8 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_CMPXCHG_GCC_X86("b", result, dst, expected, replacement);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(8, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 replacement)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint16 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_CMPXCHG_GCC_X86("w", result, dst, expected, replacement);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(16, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 replacement)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint32 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_CMPXCHG_GCC_X86("l", result, dst, expected, replacement);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(32, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 replacement)
         {
-            (void)order;
-            return __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src);
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint64 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X86)
+                {
+                    ma_uint32 resultEAX;
+                    ma_uint32 resultEDX;
+                    __asm__ __volatile__(
+                        "pushl %%ebx\n"
+                        "movl  %4, %%ebx\n"
+                        "lock  cmpxchg8b (%%edi)\n"
+                        "popl  %%ebx\n"
+                        : "=a"(resultEAX),
+                          "=d"(resultEDX)
+                        : "a"((ma_uint32)(expected & 0xFFFFFFFF)),
+                          "d"((ma_uint32)(expected >> 32)),
+                          "r"((ma_uint32)(replacement & 0xFFFFFFFF)),
+                          "c"((ma_uint32)(replacement >> 32)),
+                          "D"(dst)
+                        : "memory", "cc");
+                    result = ((ma_uint64)resultEDX << 32) | resultEAX;
+                }
+                #elif defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_CMPXCHG_GCC_X86("q", result, dst, expected, replacement);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_LOCK(64, dst, expected, replacement);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8( dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
-        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
-        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
-        #define ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
-    #else
-        #if defined(MA_X86)
-            #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order) __asm__ __volatile__("lock; addl $0, (%%esp)" ::: "memory", "cc")
-        #elif defined(MA_X64)
-            #define ma_atomic_thread_fence(order) __asm__ __volatile__("lock; addq $0, (%%rsp)" ::: "memory", "cc")
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 expected, ma_uint8 desired)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(volatile const ma_uint8* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint8 result;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg %3, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(expected), "d"(desired) : "cc");
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint8 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELAXED_GCC_X86("b", result, dst);
+                    } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELEASE_GCC_X86("b", result, dst);
+                    } else {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_SEQ_CST_GCC_X86("b", result, dst);
+                    }
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 expected, ma_uint16 desired)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_load_explicit_16(volatile const ma_uint16* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 result;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg %3, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(expected), "d"(desired) : "cc");
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint16 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELAXED_GCC_X86("w", result, dst);
+                    } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELEASE_GCC_X86("w", result, dst);
+                    } else {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_SEQ_CST_GCC_X86("w", result, dst);
+                    }
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(volatile const ma_uint32* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint32 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELAXED_GCC_X86("l", result, dst);
+                    } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELEASE_GCC_X86("l", result, dst);
+                    } else {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_SEQ_CST_GCC_X86("l", result, dst);
+                    }
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_load_explicit_64(volatile const ma_uint64* dst, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint64 result;
+                #if defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELAXED_GCC_X86("q", result, dst);
+                    } else if (order <= ma_atomic_memory_order_release) {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_RELEASE_GCC_X86("q", result, dst);
+                    } else {
+                        MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_SEQ_CST_GCC_X86("q", result, dst);
+                    }
+                }
+                #elif defined(MA_X86)
+                {
+                    (void)order;
+                    return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, 0, 0);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_LOAD_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, dst, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint8 result;
+                (void)order;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XCHG_GCC_X86("b", result, dst, src);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        {
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint16 result;
+                (void)order;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XCHG_GCC_X86("w", result, dst, src);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 expected, ma_uint32 desired)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 result;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg %3, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(expected), "d"(desired) : "cc");
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint32 result;
+                (void)order;
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XCHG_GCC_X86("l", result, dst, src);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 expected, ma_uint64 desired)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            volatile ma_uint64 result;
-        #if defined(MA_X86)
-            ma_uint32 resultEAX;
-            ma_uint32 resultEDX;
-            __asm__ __volatile__("push %%ebx; xchg %5, %%ebx; lock; cmpxchg8b %0; pop %%ebx" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(resultEAX), "=d"(resultEDX) : "a"(expected & 0xFFFFFFFF), "d"(expected >> 32), "r"(desired & 0xFFFFFFFF), "c"(desired >> 32) : "cc");
-            result = ((ma_uint64)resultEDX << 32) | resultEAX;
-        #elif defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; cmpxchg %3, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(expected), "d"(desired) : "cc");
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                ma_uint64 result;
+                (void)order;
+                #if defined(MA_X86)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+                }
+                #elif defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XCHG_GCC_X86("q", result, dst, src);
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+                return result;
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_store_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint8 result = 0;
-            (void)order;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xchg %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src));
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "movb %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "xchgb %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                            : "memory"
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 result = 0;
-            (void)order;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xchg %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src));
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "movw %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "xchgw %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                            : "memory"
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 result;
-            (void)order;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xchg %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src));
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "movl %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "xchgl %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                            : "memory"
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint64 result;
-            (void)order;
-        #if defined(MA_X86)
-            do {
-                result = *dst;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, result, src) != result);
-        #elif defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xchg %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src));
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    if (order == ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "movq %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        __asm__ __volatile__ (
+                            "xchgq %1, %0"
+                            : "=m"(*dst)
+                            : "r"(src)
+                            : "memory"
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_STORE_EXPLICIT_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint8 result;
-            (void)order;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xadd %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src) : "cc");
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_8) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    ma_uint8 result;
+                    (void)order;
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XADD_GCC_X86("b", result, dst, src);
+                    return result;
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(8, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 result;
-            (void)order;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xadd %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src) : "cc");
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_16) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    ma_uint16 result;
+                    (void)order;
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XADD_GCC_X86("w", result, dst, src);
+                    return result;
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(16, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 result;
-            (void)order;
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xadd %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src) : "cc");
-        #else
-            #error Unsupported architecture. Please submit a feature request.
-        #endif
-            return result;
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_32) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    ma_uint32 result;
+                    (void)order;
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XADD_GCC_X86("l", result, dst, src);
+                    return result;
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(32, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-        #if defined(MA_X86)
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            (void)order;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue + src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            return oldValue;
-        #elif defined(MA_X64)
-            ma_uint64 result;
-            (void)order;
-            __asm__ __volatile__("lock; xadd %1, %0" : "+m"(*dst), "=a"(result) : "a"(src) : "cc");
-            return result;
-        #endif
+            #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_IS_LOCK_FREE_64) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64))
+            {
+                #if defined(MA_X86)
+                {
+                    MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
+                }
+                #elif defined(MA_X64)
+                {
+                    ma_uint64 result;
+                    MA_ATOMIC_XADD_GCC_X86("q", result, dst, src);
+                    (void)order;
+                    return result;
+                }
+                #else
+                {
+                    #error Unsupported architecture.
+                }
+                #endif
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD_LOCK(64, dst, src, order);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue - src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(dst, (ma_uint8)(-(ma_int8)src), order);
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue - src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, (ma_uint16)(-(ma_int16)src), order);
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue - src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, (ma_uint32)(-(ma_int32)src), order);
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue - src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            return ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(dst, (ma_uint64)(-(ma_int64)src), order);
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue & src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue & src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue & src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
         }
         static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue & src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue ^ src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue ^ src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue ^ src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue ^ src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_OR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint8 oldValue;
-            ma_uint8 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint8)(oldValue | src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(8, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint16 oldValue;
-            ma_uint16 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = (ma_uint16)(oldValue | src);
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(16, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint32 oldValue;
-            ma_uint32 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue | src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(32, dst, src, order);
         }
-        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
+        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, ma_uint64 src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
         {
-            ma_uint64 oldValue;
-            ma_uint64 newValue;
-            do {
-                oldValue = *dst;
-                newValue = oldValue | src;
-            } while (ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
-            (void)order;
-            return oldValue;
+            MA_ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR_CAS(64, dst, src, order);
         }
+    #else
+        #error Unsupported compiler.
     #endif
-    #define ma_atomic_signal_fence(order)                           ma_atomic_thread_fence(order)
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(volatile const ma_uint8* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-    {
-        (void)order;
-        return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8((ma_uint8*)ptr, 0, 0);
-    }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_atomic_load_explicit_16(volatile const ma_uint16* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-    {
-        (void)order;
-        return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16((ma_uint16*)ptr, 0, 0);
-    }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(volatile const ma_uint32* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-    {
-        (void)order;
-        return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32((ma_uint32*)ptr, 0, 0);
-    }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_atomic_load_explicit_64(volatile const ma_uint64* ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
-    {
-        (void)order;
-        return ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((ma_uint64*)ptr, 0, 0);
-    }
-    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order)            (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, src, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order)            (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order)            (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, src, order)            (void)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( dst, order)          ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(dst, order)          ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(dst, order)          ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(dst, order)          ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, 1, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_8( dst, order)                 ma_atomic_store_explicit_8 (dst, 0, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_16(dst, order)                 ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, 0, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_32(dst, order)                 ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, 0, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_64(dst, order)                 ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, 0, order)
-    typedef ma_uint8 ma_atomic_flag;
-    #define ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(ptr, order)        (ma_bool32)ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8(ptr, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(ptr, order)               ma_atomic_clear_explicit_8(ptr, order)
-    #define ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(ptr, order)                ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(ptr, order)
 #endif
 #if !defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_COMPARE_EXCHANGE)
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_8)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8* expected, ma_uint8 desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
-        {
-            ma_uint8 expectedValue;
-            ma_uint8 result;
-            (void)successOrder;
-            (void)failureOrder;
-            expectedValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_8(expected, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
-            result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, expectedValue, desired);
-            if (result == expectedValue) {
-                return 1;
-            } else {
-                ma_atomic_store_explicit_8(expected, result, failureOrder);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_16)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16* expected, ma_uint16 desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
-        {
-            ma_uint16 expectedValue;
-            ma_uint16 result;
-            (void)successOrder;
-            (void)failureOrder;
-            expectedValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_16(expected, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
-            result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expectedValue, desired);
-            if (result == expectedValue) {
-                return 1;
-            } else {
-                ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(expected, result, failureOrder);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_32)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32* expected, ma_uint32 desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
-        {
-            ma_uint32 expectedValue;
-            ma_uint32 result;
-            (void)successOrder;
-            (void)failureOrder;
-            expectedValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(expected, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
-            result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expectedValue, desired);
-            if (result == expectedValue) {
-                return 1;
-            } else {
-                ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(expected, result, failureOrder);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_64)
-        static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, volatile ma_uint64* expected, ma_uint64 desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
-        {
-            ma_uint64 expectedValue;
-            ma_uint64 result;
-            (void)successOrder;
-            (void)failureOrder;
-            expectedValue = ma_atomic_load_explicit_64(expected, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
-            result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expectedValue, desired);
-            if (result == expectedValue) {
-                return 1;
-            } else {
-                ma_atomic_store_explicit_64(expected, result, failureOrder);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    #endif
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8 (dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#endif
-#if !defined(MA_ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_IS_LOCK_FREE)
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_8(volatile void* ptr)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8(volatile ma_uint8* dst, ma_uint8* expected, ma_uint8 replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        (void)ptr;
-        return 1;
+        ma_uint8 result;
+        (void)successOrder;
+        (void)failureOrder;
+        result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, *expected, replacement);
+        if (result == *expected) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            *expected = result;
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_16(volatile void* ptr)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(volatile ma_uint16* dst, ma_uint16* expected, ma_uint16 replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        (void)ptr;
-        return 1;
+        ma_uint16 result;
+        (void)successOrder;
+        (void)failureOrder;
+        result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, *expected, replacement);
+        if (result == *expected) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            *expected = result;
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_32(volatile void* ptr)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(volatile ma_uint32* dst, ma_uint32* expected, ma_uint32 replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        (void)ptr;
-        return 1;
+        ma_uint32 result;
+        (void)successOrder;
+        (void)failureOrder;
+        result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, *expected, replacement);
+        if (result == *expected) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            *expected = result;
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_64(volatile void* ptr)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(volatile ma_uint64* dst, volatile ma_uint64* expected, ma_uint64 replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        (void)ptr;
-    #if defined(MA_64BIT)
-        return 1;
-    #else
-        #if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
+        ma_uint64 result;
+        (void)successOrder;
+        (void)failureOrder;
+        result = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, *expected, replacement);
+        if (result == *expected) {
             return 1;
-        #else
+        } else {
+            *expected = result;
             return 0;
-        #endif
-    #endif
+        }
     }
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8 (dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+    #define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder) ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
 #endif
 #if defined(MA_64BIT)
     static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_ptr(volatile void** ptr)
@@ -15561,17 +17005,17 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
     {
         return (void*)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64)src, order);
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)desired, successOrder, failureOrder);
+        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder);
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)desired, successOrder, failureOrder);
+        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder);
     }
-    static MA_INLINE void* ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_ptr(volatile void** dst, void* expected, void* desired)
+    static MA_INLINE void* ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_ptr(volatile void** dst, void* expected, void* replacement)
     {
-        return (void*)ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64)expected, (ma_uint64)desired);
+        return (void*)ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64)expected, (ma_uint64)replacement);
     }
 #elif defined(MA_32BIT)
     static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_is_lock_free_ptr(volatile void** ptr)
@@ -15590,36 +17034,26 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
     {
         return (void*)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32)src, order);
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)desired, successOrder, failureOrder);
+        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder);
     }
-    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+    static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr(volatile void** dst, void** expected, void* replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
     {
-        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)desired, successOrder, failureOrder);
+        return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder);
     }
-    static MA_INLINE void* ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_ptr(volatile void** dst, void* expected, void* desired)
+    static MA_INLINE void* ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_ptr(volatile void** dst, void* expected, void* replacement)
     {
-        return (void*)ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32)expected, (ma_uint32)desired);
+        return (void*)ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32)expected, (ma_uint32)replacement);
     }
 #else
     #error Unsupported architecture.
 #endif
-#define ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set(ptr)                                ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_flag_clear(ptr)                                       ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_store_ptr(dst, src)                                   ma_atomic_store_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void*)src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_load_ptr(ptr)                                         ma_atomic_load_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_exchange_ptr(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void*)src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_ptr(dst, expected, desired)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void**)expected, (void*)desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_ptr(dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void**)expected, (void*)desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_8( ptr)                                  ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_16(ptr)                                  ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_32(ptr)                                  ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_64(ptr)                                  ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_8( ptr)                                         ma_atomic_clear_explicit_8( ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_16(ptr)                                         ma_atomic_clear_explicit_16(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_32(ptr)                                         ma_atomic_clear_explicit_32(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_64(ptr)                                         ma_atomic_clear_explicit_64(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_store_ptr(dst, src)                                       ma_atomic_store_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void*)src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_load_ptr(ptr)                                             ma_atomic_load_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_exchange_ptr(dst, src)                                    ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void*)src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_ptr(dst, expected, replacement)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void**)expected, (void*)replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_ptr(dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr((volatile void**)dst, (void**)expected, (void*)replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_store_8( dst, src)                                    ma_atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_store_16(dst, src)                                    ma_atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_store_32(dst, src)                                    ma_atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
@@ -15632,14 +17066,14 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_16(dst, src)                                 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_32(dst, src)                                 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_64(dst, src)                                 ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_8( dst, expected, desired)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_16(dst, expected, desired)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_32(dst, expected, desired)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_64(dst, expected, desired)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_8(  dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_16( dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_32( dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_64( dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_8( dst, expected, replacement)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8( dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_16(dst, expected, replacement)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_32(dst, expected, replacement)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_64(dst, expected, replacement)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_8(  dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_16( dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_32( dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_64( dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_8( dst, src)                                ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8( dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_16(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_32(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
@@ -15660,14 +17094,6 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_16(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_32(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_64(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i8( ptr, order)                 (ma_int8 )ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )ptr, order)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i16(ptr, order)                 (ma_int16)ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)ptr, order)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i32(ptr, order)                 (ma_int32)ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)ptr, order)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i64(ptr, order)                 (ma_int64)ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)ptr, order)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i8( ptr, order)                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )ptr, order)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i16(ptr, order)                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)ptr, order)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i32(ptr, order)                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)ptr, order)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i64(ptr, order)                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)ptr, order)
 #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_i8( dst, src, order)                   ma_atomic_store_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )dst, (ma_uint8 )src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_i16(dst, src, order)                   ma_atomic_store_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16)src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_store_explicit_i32(dst, src, order)                   ma_atomic_store_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32)src, order)
@@ -15680,14 +17106,14 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_i16(dst, src, order)                (ma_int16)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16)src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_i32(dst, src, order)                (ma_int32)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32)src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_i64(dst, src, order)                (ma_int64)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64)src, order)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )dst, (ma_uint8* )expected, (ma_uint8 )desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16*)expected, (ma_uint16)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )dst, (ma_uint8* )expected, (ma_uint8 )desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16*)expected, (ma_uint16)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i8( dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )dst, (ma_uint8* )expected, (ma_uint8 )replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i16(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16*)expected, (ma_uint16)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i32(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i64(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)  ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i8( dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )dst, (ma_uint8* )expected, (ma_uint8 )replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i16(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16*)expected, (ma_uint16)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i32(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, (ma_uint32)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i64(dst, expected, replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)    ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, (ma_uint64)replacement, successOrder, failureOrder)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_i8( dst, src, order)               (ma_int8 )ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8( (ma_uint8* )dst, (ma_uint8 )src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_i16(dst, src, order)               (ma_int16)ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16)src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_i32(dst, src, order)               (ma_int32)ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32)src, order)
@@ -15708,14 +17134,6 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_i16(dst, src, order)               (ma_int16)ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16((ma_uint16*)dst, (ma_uint16)src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_i32(dst, src, order)               (ma_int32)ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32((ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32)src, order)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_i64(dst, src, order)               (ma_int64)ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64((ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64)src, order)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_i8( ptr)                                 ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i8( ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_i16(ptr)                                 ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i16(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_i32(ptr)                                 ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i32(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_test_and_set_i64(ptr)                                 ma_atomic_test_and_set_explicit_i64(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_i8( ptr)                                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i8( ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_i16(ptr)                                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i16(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_i32(ptr)                                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i32(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_clear_i64(ptr)                                        ma_atomic_clear_explicit_i64(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_store_i8( dst, src)                                   ma_atomic_store_explicit_i8( dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_store_i16(dst, src)                                   ma_atomic_store_explicit_i16(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_store_i32(dst, src)                                   ma_atomic_store_explicit_i32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
@@ -15728,14 +17146,14 @@ typedef int ma_atomic_memory_order;
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_i16(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_i16(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_i32(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_i32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_i64(dst, src)                                ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_i64(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i8( dst, expected, desired)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i8( dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i16(dst, expected, desired)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i16(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i32(dst, expected, desired)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i32(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i64(dst, expected, desired)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i64(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i8( dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i8( dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i16(dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i16(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i32(dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i32(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i64(dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i64(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i8( dst, expected, replacement)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i8( dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i16(dst, expected, replacement)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i16(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i32(dst, expected, replacement)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i32(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_i64(dst, expected, replacement)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_i64(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i8( dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i8( dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i16(dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i16(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i32(dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i32(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_i64(dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_i64(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_i8( dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_i8( dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_i16(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_i16(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_i32(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_i32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
@@ -15812,28 +17230,28 @@ static MA_INLINE double ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_f64(volatile double* dst, do
     r.i = ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, x.i, order);
     return r.f;
 }
-static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f32(volatile float* dst, float* expected, float desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f32(volatile float* dst, float* expected, float replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
 {
     ma_atomic_if32 d;
-    d.f = desired;
+    d.f = replacement;
     return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, d.i, successOrder, failureOrder);
 }
-static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f64(volatile double* dst, double* expected, double desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f64(volatile double* dst, double* expected, double replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
 {
     ma_atomic_if64 d;
-    d.f = desired;
+    d.f = replacement;
     return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, d.i, successOrder, failureOrder);
 }
-static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f32(volatile float* dst, float* expected, float desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f32(volatile float* dst, float* expected, float replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
 {
     ma_atomic_if32 d;
-    d.f = desired;
+    d.f = replacement;
     return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, (ma_uint32*)expected, d.i, successOrder, failureOrder);
 }
-static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f64(volatile double* dst, double* expected, double desired, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
+static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f64(volatile double* dst, double* expected, double replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order successOrder, ma_atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
 {
     ma_atomic_if64 d;
-    d.f = desired;
+    d.f = replacement;
     return ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, (ma_uint64*)expected, d.i, successOrder, failureOrder);
 }
 static MA_INLINE float ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_f32(volatile float* dst, float src, ma_atomic_memory_order order)
@@ -15924,10 +17342,10 @@ static MA_INLINE double ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_f64(volatile double* dst, d
 #define ma_atomic_load_f64(ptr)                                         (double)ma_atomic_load_explicit_f64(ptr, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_f32(dst, src)                                (float )ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_f32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_exchange_f64(dst, src)                                (double)ma_atomic_exchange_explicit_f64(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_f32(dst, expected, desired)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f32(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_f64(dst, expected, desired)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f64(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_f32(dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f32(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_f64(dst, expected, desired)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f64(dst, expected, desired, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_f32(dst, expected, replacement)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f32(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_f64(dst, expected, replacement)   ma_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_f64(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_f32(dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f32(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
+#define ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_f64(dst, expected, replacement)     ma_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_f64(dst, expected, replacement, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_f32(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_f32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_add_f64(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_add_explicit_f64(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_sub_f32(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_f32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
@@ -15938,39 +17356,24 @@ static MA_INLINE double ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_f64(volatile double* dst, d
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_xor_f64(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_f64(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_f32(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_f32(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
 #define ma_atomic_fetch_and_f64(dst, src)                               ma_atomic_fetch_and_explicit_f64(dst, src, ma_atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
-static MA_INLINE float ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_f32(volatile float* dst, float expected, float desired)
+static MA_INLINE float ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_f32(volatile float* dst, float expected, float replacement)
 {
     ma_atomic_if32 r;
     ma_atomic_if32 e, d;
     e.f = expected;
-    d.f = desired;
+    d.f = replacement;
     r.i = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_32((volatile ma_uint32*)dst, e.i, d.i);
     return r.f;
 }
-static MA_INLINE double ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_f64(volatile double* dst, double expected, double desired)
+static MA_INLINE double ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_f64(volatile double* dst, double expected, double replacement)
 {
     ma_atomic_if64 r;
     ma_atomic_if64 e, d;
     e.f = expected;
-    d.f = desired;
+    d.f = replacement;
     r.i = ma_atomic_compare_and_swap_64((volatile ma_uint64*)dst, e.i, d.i);
     return r.f;
 }
-typedef ma_atomic_flag ma_atomic_spinlock;
-static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_spinlock_lock(volatile ma_atomic_spinlock* pSpinlock)
-{
-    for (;;) {
-        if (ma_atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(pSpinlock, ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire) == 0) {
-            break;
-        }
-        while (ma_atomic_flag_load_explicit(pSpinlock, ma_atomic_memory_order_relaxed) == 1) {
-        }
-    }
-}
-static MA_INLINE void ma_atomic_spinlock_unlock(volatile ma_atomic_spinlock* pSpinlock)
-{
-    ma_atomic_flag_clear_explicit(pSpinlock, ma_atomic_memory_order_release);
-}
 #if defined(__clang__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)))
     #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif
@@ -16176,7 +17579,7 @@ static ma_result ma_thread_create__posix(ma_thread* pThread, ma_thread_priority
     int result;
     pthread_attr_t* pAttr = NULL;
 
-#if !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && !defined(__3DS__)
+#if !defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN) && !defined(MA_3DS) && !defined(MA_SWITCH)
     /* Try setting the thread priority. It's not critical if anything fails here. */
     pthread_attr_t attr;
     if (pthread_attr_init(&attr) == 0) {
@@ -16208,9 +17611,18 @@ static ma_result ma_thread_create__posix(ma_thread* pThread, ma_thread_priority
         }
         #endif
 
-        if (stackSize > 0) {
-            pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stackSize);
+        #if defined(_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE) && _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE >= 0
+        {
+            if (stackSize > 0) {
+                pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stackSize);
+            }
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            (void)stackSize;  /* Suppress unused parameter warning. */
         }
+        #endif
+        
 
         if (scheduler != -1) {
             int priorityMin = sched_get_priority_min(scheduler);
@@ -16218,7 +17630,7 @@ static ma_result ma_thread_create__posix(ma_thread* pThread, ma_thread_priority
             int priorityStep = (priorityMax - priorityMin) / 7;  /* 7 = number of priorities supported by miniaudio. */
 
             struct sched_param sched;
-            if (pthread_attr_getschedparam(&attr, &sched) == 0) {
+            if (priorityMin != -1 && priorityMax != -1 && pthread_attr_getschedparam(&attr, &sched) == 0) {
                 if (priority == ma_thread_priority_idle) {
                     sched.sched_priority = priorityMin;
                 } else if (priority == ma_thread_priority_realtime) {
@@ -16267,6 +17679,21 @@ static ma_result ma_thread_create__posix(ma_thread* pThread, ma_thread_priority
     }
 
     if (result != 0) {
+        /*
+        There have been reports that attempting to create a realtime thread can sometimes fail. In this case,
+        fall back to a normal priority thread.
+
+        I'm including a compile-time option here to disable this functionality for those who have a hard
+        requirement on realtime threads and would rather an explicit failure.
+        */
+        #ifndef MA_NO_PTHREAD_REALTIME_PRIORITY_FALLBACK
+        {
+            if(result == EPERM && priority == ma_thread_priority_realtime) {
+                return ma_thread_create__posix(pThread, ma_thread_priority_normal, stackSize, entryProc, pData);
+            }
+        }
+        #endif
+
         return ma_result_from_errno(result);
     }
 
@@ -16538,7 +17965,7 @@ static ma_result ma_event_signal__win32(ma_event* pEvent)
 
 static ma_result ma_semaphore_init__win32(int initialValue, ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
 {
-    *pSemaphore = CreateSemaphoreW(NULL, (LONG)initialValue, LONG_MAX, NULL);
+    *pSemaphore = CreateSemaphore(NULL, (LONG)initialValue, LONG_MAX, NULL);
     if (*pSemaphore == NULL) {
         return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
     }
@@ -17432,10 +18859,12 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_job_extract_slot(ma_uint64 toc)
     return (ma_uint16)(toc & 0x0000FFFF);
 }
 
+#if 0   /* Currently unused, but might make use of this later. */
 static MA_INLINE ma_uint16 ma_job_extract_code(ma_uint64 toc)
 {
     return (ma_uint16)((toc & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
 }
+#endif
 
 static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_job_toc_to_allocation(ma_uint64 toc)
 {
@@ -17900,6 +19329,13 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_job_queue_next(ma_job_queue* pQueue, ma_job* pJob)
 Dynamic Linking
 
 *******************************************************************************/
+/* Disable run-time linking on certain backends and platforms. */
+#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
+    #if defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN) || defined(MA_ORBIS) || defined(MA_PROSPERO) || defined(MA_SWITCH) || defined(MA_DOS)
+        #define MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
+    #endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef MA_POSIX
     /* No need for dlfcn.h if we're not using runtime linking. */
     #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
@@ -17909,104 +19345,124 @@ Dynamic Linking
 
 MA_API ma_handle ma_dlopen(ma_log* pLog, const char* filename)
 {
-#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
-    ma_handle handle;
+    #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
+    {
+        ma_handle handle;
 
-    ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "Loading library: %s\n", filename);
+        ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "Loading library: %s\n", filename);
 
-    #ifdef MA_WIN32
-        /* From MSDN: Desktop applications cannot use LoadPackagedLibrary; if a desktop application calls this function it fails with APPMODEL_ERROR_NO_PACKAGE.*/
-        #if !defined(MA_WIN32_UWP) || !(defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && ((defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP)))
-            handle = (ma_handle)LoadLibraryA(filename);
+        #ifdef MA_WIN32
+            /* From MSDN: Desktop applications cannot use LoadPackagedLibrary; if a desktop application calls this function it fails with APPMODEL_ERROR_NO_PACKAGE.*/
+            #if !defined(MA_WIN32_UWP) || !(defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && ((defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP)))
+                handle = (ma_handle)LoadLibraryA(filename);
+            #else
+                /* *sigh* It appears there is no ANSI version of LoadPackagedLibrary()... */
+                WCHAR filenameW[4096];
+                if (MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1, filenameW, sizeof(filenameW)) == 0) {
+                    handle = NULL;
+                } else {
+                    handle = (ma_handle)LoadPackagedLibrary(filenameW, 0);
+                }
+            #endif
         #else
-            /* *sigh* It appears there is no ANSI version of LoadPackagedLibrary()... */
-            WCHAR filenameW[4096];
-            if (MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1, filenameW, sizeof(filenameW)) == 0) {
-                handle = NULL;
-            } else {
-                handle = (ma_handle)LoadPackagedLibrary(filenameW, 0);
-            }
+            handle = (ma_handle)dlopen(filename, RTLD_NOW);
         #endif
-    #else
-        handle = (ma_handle)dlopen(filename, RTLD_NOW);
-    #endif
 
-    /*
-    I'm not considering failure to load a library an error nor a warning because seamlessly falling through to a lower-priority
-    backend is a deliberate design choice. Instead I'm logging it as an informational message.
-    */
-    if (handle == NULL) {
-        ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "Failed to load library: %s\n", filename);
-    }
+        /*
+        I'm not considering failure to load a library an error nor a warning because seamlessly falling through to a lower-priority
+        backend is a deliberate design choice. Instead I'm logging it as an informational message.
+        */
+        if (handle == NULL) {
+            ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "Failed to load library: %s\n", filename);
+        }
 
-    return handle;
-#else
-    /* Runtime linking is disabled. */
-    (void)pLog;
-    (void)filename;
-    return NULL;
-#endif
+        return handle;
+    }
+    #else
+    {
+        /* Runtime linking is disabled. */
+        (void)pLog;
+        (void)filename;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    #endif
 }
 
 MA_API void ma_dlclose(ma_log* pLog, ma_handle handle)
 {
-#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
-    #ifdef MA_WIN32
-        FreeLibrary((HMODULE)handle);
-    #else
-        /* Hack for Android bug (see https://github.com/android/ndk/issues/360). Calling dlclose() pre-API 28 may segfault. */
-        #if !defined(MA_ANDROID) || (defined(__ANDROID_API__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 28)
+    #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
+    {
+        #ifdef MA_WIN32
         {
-            dlclose((void*)handle);
+            FreeLibrary((HMODULE)handle);
         }
         #else
         {
-            (void)handle;
+            /* Hack for Android bug (see https://github.com/android/ndk/issues/360). Calling dlclose() pre-API 28 may segfault. */
+            #if !defined(MA_ANDROID) || (defined(__ANDROID_API__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 28)
+            {
+                dlclose((void*)handle);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                (void)handle;
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         #endif
-    #endif
 
-    (void)pLog;
-#else
-    /* Runtime linking is disabled. */
-    (void)pLog;
-    (void)handle;
-#endif
+        (void)pLog;
+    }
+    #else
+    {
+        /* Runtime linking is disabled. */
+        (void)pLog;
+        (void)handle;
+    }
+    #endif
 }
 
 MA_API ma_proc ma_dlsym(ma_log* pLog, ma_handle handle, const char* symbol)
 {
-#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
-    ma_proc proc;
+    #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
+    {
+        ma_proc proc;
 
-    ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "Loading symbol: %s\n", symbol);
+        ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "Loading symbol: %s\n", symbol);
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    proc = (ma_proc)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)handle, symbol);
-#else
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8))) || defined(__clang__)
-    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
-    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
-#endif
-    proc = (ma_proc)dlsym((void*)handle, symbol);
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8))) || defined(__clang__)
-    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-#endif
+        #ifdef _WIN32
+        {
+            proc = (ma_proc)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)handle, symbol);
+        }
+        #else
+        {
+            #if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8))) || defined(__clang__)
+                #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+                #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
+            #endif
+                proc = (ma_proc)dlsym((void*)handle, symbol);
+            #if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8))) || defined(__clang__)
+                #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+            #endif
+        }
+        #endif
 
-    if (proc == NULL) {
-        ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "Failed to load symbol: %s\n", symbol);
-    }
+        if (proc == NULL) {
+            ma_log_postf(pLog, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "Failed to load symbol: %s\n", symbol);
+        }
 
-    (void)pLog; /* It's possible for pContext to be unused. */
-    return proc;
-#else
-    /* Runtime linking is disabled. */
-    (void)pLog;
-    (void)handle;
-    (void)symbol;
-    return NULL;
-#endif
+        (void)pLog; /* It's possible for pContext to be unused. */
+        return proc;
+    }
+    #else
+    {
+        /* Runtime linking is disabled. */
+        (void)pLog;
+        (void)handle;
+        (void)symbol;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    #endif
 }
 
 
@@ -18020,13 +19476,6 @@ DEVICE I/O
 *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
 ************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
 
-/* Disable run-time linking on certain backends and platforms. */
-#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
-    #if defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN) || defined(MA_ORBIS) || defined(MA_PROSPERO)
-        #define MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
-    #endif
-#endif
-
 #ifdef MA_APPLE
     #include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
 #endif
@@ -18039,12 +19488,6 @@ DEVICE I/O
 
 #ifdef MA_POSIX
     #include <sys/types.h>
-    #include <unistd.h>
-
-    /* No need for dlfcn.h if we're not using runtime linking. */
-    #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
-        #include <dlfcn.h>
-    #endif
 #endif
 
 /* This must be set to at least 26. */
@@ -18299,7 +19742,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_is_loopback_supported(ma_backend backend)
 
 
 
-#if defined(MA_WIN32)
+#if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
 /* WASAPI error codes. */
 #define MA_AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED              ((HRESULT)0x88890001)
 #define MA_AUDCLNT_E_ALREADY_INITIALIZED          ((HRESULT)0x88890002)
@@ -18514,6 +19957,11 @@ typedef LONG    (WINAPI * MA_PFN_RegCloseKey)(HKEY hKey);
 typedef LONG    (WINAPI * MA_PFN_RegQueryValueExA)(HKEY hKey, const char* lpValueName, DWORD* lpReserved, DWORD* lpType, BYTE* lpData, DWORD* lpcbData);
 #endif  /* MA_WIN32_DESKTOP */
 
+static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM        = {0x00000001, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};
+static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT = {0x00000003, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};
+/*static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_ALAW       = {0x00000006, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};*/
+/*static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_MULAW      = {0x00000007, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};*/
+
 MA_API size_t ma_strlen_WCHAR(const WCHAR* str)
 {
     size_t len = 0;
@@ -18577,7 +20025,7 @@ Timing
 *******************************************************************************/
 #if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_POSIX)
     static LARGE_INTEGER g_ma_TimerFrequency;   /* <-- Initialized to zero since it's static. */
-    static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
+    static MA_INLINE void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
     {
         LARGE_INTEGER counter;
 
@@ -18589,7 +20037,7 @@ Timing
         pTimer->counter = counter.QuadPart;
     }
 
-    static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
+    static MA_INLINE double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
     {
         LARGE_INTEGER counter;
         if (!QueryPerformanceCounter(&counter)) {
@@ -18600,7 +20048,7 @@ Timing
     }
 #elif defined(MA_APPLE) && (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 101200)
     static ma_uint64 g_ma_TimerFrequency = 0;
-    static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
+    static MA_INLINE void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
     {
         mach_timebase_info_data_t baseTime;
         mach_timebase_info(&baseTime);
@@ -18609,7 +20057,7 @@ Timing
         pTimer->counter = mach_absolute_time();
     }
 
-    static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
+    static MA_INLINE double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
     {
         ma_uint64 newTimeCounter = mach_absolute_time();
         ma_uint64 oldTimeCounter = pTimer->counter;
@@ -18634,15 +20082,15 @@ Timing
             #define MA_CLOCK_ID CLOCK_REALTIME
         #endif
 
-        static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
+        static MA_INLINE void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
         {
             struct timespec newTime;
             clock_gettime(MA_CLOCK_ID, &newTime);
 
-            pTimer->counter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000000) + newTime.tv_nsec;
+            pTimer->counter = ((ma_int64)newTime.tv_sec * 1000000000) + newTime.tv_nsec;
         }
 
-        static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
+        static MA_INLINE double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
         {
             ma_uint64 newTimeCounter;
             ma_uint64 oldTimeCounter;
@@ -18650,21 +20098,21 @@ Timing
             struct timespec newTime;
             clock_gettime(MA_CLOCK_ID, &newTime);
 
-            newTimeCounter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000000) + newTime.tv_nsec;
+            newTimeCounter = ((ma_uint64)newTime.tv_sec * 1000000000) + newTime.tv_nsec;
             oldTimeCounter = pTimer->counter;
 
             return (newTimeCounter - oldTimeCounter) / 1000000000.0;
         }
     #else
-        static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
+        static MA_INLINE void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
         {
             struct timeval newTime;
             gettimeofday(&newTime, NULL);
 
-            pTimer->counter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000) + newTime.tv_usec;
+            pTimer->counter = ((ma_int64)newTime.tv_sec * 1000000) + newTime.tv_usec;
         }
 
-        static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
+        static MA_INLINE double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
         {
             ma_uint64 newTimeCounter;
             ma_uint64 oldTimeCounter;
@@ -18672,7 +20120,7 @@ Timing
             struct timeval newTime;
             gettimeofday(&newTime, NULL);
 
-            newTimeCounter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000) + newTime.tv_usec;
+            newTimeCounter = ((ma_uint64)newTime.tv_sec * 1000000) + newTime.tv_usec;
             oldTimeCounter = pTimer->counter;
 
             return (newTimeCounter - oldTimeCounter) / 1000000.0;
@@ -19248,14 +20696,6 @@ static MA_INLINE void ma_device__set_state(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_state n
 }
 
 
-#if defined(MA_WIN32)
-    static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM        = {0x00000001, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};
-    static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT = {0x00000003, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};
-    /*static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_ALAW       = {0x00000006, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};*/
-    /*static GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_MULAW      = {0x00000007, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};*/
-#endif
-
-
 
 MA_API ma_uint32 ma_get_format_priority_index(ma_format format) /* Lower = better. */
 {
@@ -19967,7 +21407,7 @@ static ma_result ma_context_init__null(ma_context* pContext, const ma_context_co
 WIN32 COMMON
 
 *******************************************************************************/
-#if defined(MA_WIN32)
+#if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
 #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP) || defined(MA_WIN32_GDK)
     #define ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, pvReserved, dwCoInit)                          ((pContext->win32.CoInitializeEx) ? ((MA_PFN_CoInitializeEx)pContext->win32.CoInitializeEx)(pvReserved, dwCoInit) : ((MA_PFN_CoInitialize)pContext->win32.CoInitialize)(pvReserved))
     #define ma_CoUninitialize(pContext)                                                ((MA_PFN_CoUninitialize)pContext->win32.CoUninitialize)()
@@ -19982,7 +21422,7 @@ WIN32 COMMON
     #define ma_PropVariantClear(pContext, pvar)                                        PropVariantClear(pvar)
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(MAXULONG_PTR) && !defined(__WATCOMC__)
+#if !defined(MAXULONG_PTR) && !defined(__WATCOMC__) && !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
 typedef size_t DWORD_PTR;
 #endif
 
@@ -20409,11 +21849,21 @@ typedef enum
     MA_AudioCategory_Other = 0  /* <-- miniaudio is only caring about Other. */
 } MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY;
 
+typedef enum
+{
+    MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMOPTIONS_NONE,
+    MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMOPTIONS_RAW,
+    MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMOPTIONS_MATCH_FORMAT,
+    MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMOPTIONS_AMBISONICS,
+    MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMOPTIONS_POST_VOLUME_LOOPBACK
+} MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMOPTIONS;
+
 typedef struct
 {
     ma_uint32 cbSize;
     BOOL bIsOffload;
     MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY eCategory;
+    MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMOPTIONS Options;
 } ma_AudioClientProperties;
 
 /* IUnknown */
@@ -21588,6 +23038,7 @@ static ma_result ma_context_get_MMDevice__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device
 {
     ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator;
     HRESULT hr;
+    HRESULT CoInitializeResult;
 
     MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
     MA_ASSERT(ppMMDevice != NULL);
@@ -21601,12 +23052,17 @@ static ma_result ma_context_get_MMDevice__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device
     The community has reported that this seems to fix the crash. There are future plans to move all WASAPI operation
     over to a single thread to make everything safer, but in the meantime while we wait for that to come online I'm
     happy enough to use this hack instead.
+
+    CoUninitialize should only be called if we successfully initialized. S_OK and S_FALSE both mean that we need to
+    call CoUninitialize since the internal ref count was increased. RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE means that CoInitializeEx was
+    called with a different COINIT value, and we don't call CoUninitialize in that case. Other errors are possible,
+    so we check for S_OK and S_FALSE specifically.
     */
-    ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, NULL, MA_COINIT_VALUE);
+    CoInitializeResult = ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, NULL, MA_COINIT_VALUE);
     {
         hr = ma_CoCreateInstance(pContext, &MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, &MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator, (void**)&pDeviceEnumerator);
-    }
-    ma_CoUninitialize(pContext);
+    }    
+    if (CoInitializeResult == S_OK || CoInitializeResult == S_FALSE) { ma_CoUninitialize(pContext); }
 
     if (FAILED(hr)) {   /* <-- This is checking the call above to ma_CoCreateInstance(). */
         ma_log_postf(ma_context_get_log(pContext), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create IMMDeviceEnumerator.\n");
@@ -21950,7 +23406,7 @@ static ma_result ma_context_get_IAudioClient__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_de
         pActivationParams = &activationParams;
 
         /* When requesting a specific device ID we need to use a special device ID. */
-        MA_COPY_MEMORY(virtualDeviceID.wasapi, MA_VIRTUAL_AUDIO_DEVICE_PROCESS_LOOPBACK, (wcslen(MA_VIRTUAL_AUDIO_DEVICE_PROCESS_LOOPBACK) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t)); /* +1 for the null terminator. */
+        MA_COPY_MEMORY(virtualDeviceID.wasapi, MA_VIRTUAL_AUDIO_DEVICE_PROCESS_LOOPBACK, (ma_wcslen(MA_VIRTUAL_AUDIO_DEVICE_PROCESS_LOOPBACK) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t)); /* +1 for the null terminator. */
         pDeviceID = &virtualDeviceID;
     } else {
         pActivationParams = NULL;   /* No activation parameters required. */
@@ -26679,6 +28135,9 @@ typedef snd_pcm_channel_area_t                  ma_snd_pcm_channel_area_t;
 typedef snd_pcm_chmap_t                         ma_snd_pcm_chmap_t;
 typedef snd_pcm_state_t                         ma_snd_pcm_state_t;
 
+/* snd_pcm_state_t */
+#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN                   SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN
+
 /* snd_pcm_stream_t */
 #define MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK              SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK
 #define MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE               SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE
@@ -26874,6 +28333,7 @@ typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_minmax_proc) (
 typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample_proc)   (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int val);
 typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_proc)            (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int val, int dir);
 typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near_proc)       (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val, int *dir);
+typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax_proc)     (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *min, int *mindir, unsigned int *max, int *maxdir);
 typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near_proc)(ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t *val);
 typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near_proc)    (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val, int *dir);
 typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access_proc)          (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_access_t _access);
@@ -28640,8 +30100,9 @@ static ma_result ma_context_init__alsa(ma_context* pContext, const ma_context_co
     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask_proc      _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask      = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask;
     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_proc         _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels         = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels;
     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near_proc    _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near    = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near;
+    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_minmax_proc  _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_minmax  = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_minmax;
     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample_proc    _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample    = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample;
-    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near             _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate             = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate;
+    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_proc             _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate             = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate;
     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near_proc        _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near        = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near;
     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax_proc      _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax      = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax;
     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near_proc _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near;
@@ -28693,9 +30154,9 @@ static ma_result ma_context_init__alsa(ma_context* pContext, const ma_context_co
     ma_snd_pcm_info_proc                           _snd_pcm_info                           = snd_pcm_info;
     ma_snd_pcm_info_sizeof_proc                    _snd_pcm_info_sizeof                    = snd_pcm_info_sizeof;
     ma_snd_pcm_info_get_name_proc                  _snd_pcm_info_get_name                  = snd_pcm_info_get_name;
-    ma_snd_pcm_poll_descriptors                    _snd_pcm_poll_descriptors               = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors;
-    ma_snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count              _snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count         = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count;
-    ma_snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents            _snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents       = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents;
+    ma_snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_proc               _snd_pcm_poll_descriptors               = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors;
+    ma_snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count_proc         _snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count         = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count;
+    ma_snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents_proc       _snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents       = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents;
     ma_snd_config_update_free_global_proc          _snd_config_update_free_global          = snd_config_update_free_global;
 
     pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_open                           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_open;
@@ -28711,6 +30172,7 @@ static ma_result ma_context_init__alsa(ma_context* pContext, const ma_context_co
     pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample    = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample;
     pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate             = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate;
     pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near        = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near;
+    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax      = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax;
     pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near;
     pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near     = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near;
     pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access;
@@ -29436,7 +30898,7 @@ typedef void                     (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock_proc)       (
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_wait_proc)         (ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_signal_proc)       (ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m, int wait_for_accept);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_accept_proc)       (ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m);
-typedef int                      (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_get_retval_proc)   (ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m);
+typedef int                      (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_get_retval_proc)   (const ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m);
 typedef ma_pa_mainloop_api*      (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api_proc)      (ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_in_thread_proc)    (ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_threaded_mainloop_set_name_proc)     (ma_pa_threaded_mainloop* m, const char* name);
@@ -29445,13 +30907,13 @@ typedef void                     (* ma_pa_context_unref_proc)                  (
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_context_connect_proc)                (ma_pa_context* c, const char* server, ma_pa_context_flags_t flags, const ma_pa_spawn_api* api);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc)             (ma_pa_context* c);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_context_set_state_callback_proc)     (ma_pa_context* c, ma_pa_context_notify_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
-typedef ma_pa_context_state_t    (* ma_pa_context_get_state_proc)              (ma_pa_context* c);
+typedef ma_pa_context_state_t    (* ma_pa_context_get_state_proc)              (const ma_pa_context* c);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_list_proc)     (ma_pa_context* c, ma_pa_sink_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_source_info_list_proc)   (ma_pa_context* c, ma_pa_source_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name_proc)  (ma_pa_context* c, const char* name, ma_pa_sink_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_source_info_by_name_proc)(ma_pa_context* c, const char* name, ma_pa_source_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)                (ma_pa_operation* o);
-typedef ma_pa_operation_state_t  (* ma_pa_operation_get_state_proc)            (ma_pa_operation* o);
+typedef ma_pa_operation_state_t  (* ma_pa_operation_get_state_proc)            (const ma_pa_operation* o);
 typedef ma_pa_channel_map*       (* ma_pa_channel_map_init_extend_proc)        (ma_pa_channel_map* m, unsigned channels, ma_pa_channel_map_def_t def);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_channel_map_valid_proc)              (const ma_pa_channel_map* m);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_channel_map_compatible_proc)         (const ma_pa_channel_map* m, const ma_pa_sample_spec* ss);
@@ -29460,12 +30922,12 @@ typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_unref_proc)                   (
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_connect_playback_proc)        (ma_pa_stream* s, const char* dev, const ma_pa_buffer_attr* attr, ma_pa_stream_flags_t flags, const ma_pa_cvolume* volume, ma_pa_stream* sync_stream);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_connect_record_proc)          (ma_pa_stream* s, const char* dev, const ma_pa_buffer_attr* attr, ma_pa_stream_flags_t flags);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_disconnect_proc)              (ma_pa_stream* s);
-typedef ma_pa_stream_state_t     (* ma_pa_stream_get_state_proc)               (ma_pa_stream* s);
+typedef ma_pa_stream_state_t     (* ma_pa_stream_get_state_proc)               (const ma_pa_stream* s);
 typedef const ma_pa_sample_spec* (* ma_pa_stream_get_sample_spec_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
 typedef const ma_pa_channel_map* (* ma_pa_stream_get_channel_map_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
 typedef const ma_pa_buffer_attr* (* ma_pa_stream_get_buffer_attr_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s, const ma_pa_buffer_attr* attr, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
-typedef const char*              (* ma_pa_stream_get_device_name_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
+typedef const char*              (* ma_pa_stream_get_device_name_proc)         (const ma_pa_stream* s);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_set_write_callback_proc)      (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_request_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_set_read_callback_proc)       (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_request_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_set_suspended_callback_proc)  (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_notify_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
@@ -29473,15 +30935,15 @@ typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_set_moved_callback_proc)      (
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_is_suspended_proc)            (const ma_pa_stream* s);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_flush_proc)                   (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_drain_proc)                   (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
-typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_is_corked_proc)               (ma_pa_stream* s);
+typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_is_corked_proc)               (const ma_pa_stream* s);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_cork_proc)                    (ma_pa_stream* s, int b, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_trigger_proc)                 (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_begin_write_proc)             (ma_pa_stream* s, void** data, size_t* nbytes);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_write_proc)                   (ma_pa_stream* s, const void* data, size_t nbytes, ma_pa_free_cb_t free_cb, int64_t offset, ma_pa_seek_mode_t seek);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_peek_proc)                    (ma_pa_stream* s, const void** data, size_t* nbytes);
 typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_drop_proc)                    (ma_pa_stream* s);
-typedef size_t                   (* ma_pa_stream_writable_size_proc)           (ma_pa_stream* s);
-typedef size_t                   (* ma_pa_stream_readable_size_proc)           (ma_pa_stream* s);
+typedef size_t                   (* ma_pa_stream_writable_size_proc)           (const ma_pa_stream* s);
+typedef size_t                   (* ma_pa_stream_readable_size_proc)           (const ma_pa_stream* s);
 
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -29777,9 +31239,10 @@ static ma_result ma_init_pa_mainloop_and_pa_context__pulse(ma_context* pContext,
     }
 
     /* Now we need to connect to the context. Everything is asynchronous so we need to wait for it to connect before returning. */
-    result = ma_result_from_pulse(((ma_pa_context_connect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect)((ma_pa_context*)pPulseContext, pServerName, (tryAutoSpawn) ? 0 : MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN, NULL));
+    result = ma_result_from_pulse(((ma_pa_context_connect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect)((ma_pa_context*)pPulseContext, pServerName, (tryAutoSpawn) ? MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOFLAGS : MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN, NULL));
     if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
         ma_log_postf(ma_context_get_log(pContext), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to connect PulseAudio context.");
+        ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)((ma_pa_context*)(pPulseContext));
         ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)((ma_pa_mainloop*)(pMainLoop));
         return result;
     }
@@ -29788,6 +31251,7 @@ static ma_result ma_init_pa_mainloop_and_pa_context__pulse(ma_context* pContext,
     result = ma_wait_for_pa_context_to_connect__pulse(pContext, pMainLoop, pPulseContext);
     if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
         ma_log_postf(ma_context_get_log(pContext), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Waiting for connection failed.");
+        ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)((ma_pa_context*)(pPulseContext));
         ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)((ma_pa_mainloop*)(pMainLoop));
         return result;
     }
@@ -30510,7 +31974,7 @@ static ma_result ma_device_init__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, const ma_device_confi
     const ma_pa_buffer_attr* pActualAttr = NULL;
     const ma_pa_channel_map* pActualChannelMap = NULL;
     ma_uint32 iChannel;
-    ma_pa_stream_flags_t streamFlags;
+    int streamFlags;
 
     MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
     MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->pulse);
@@ -30568,8 +32032,13 @@ static ma_result ma_device_init__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, const ma_device_confi
             ss.channels = pDescriptorCapture->channels;
         }
 
+        /* PulseAudio has a maximum channel count of 32. We'll get a crash if this is exceeded. */
+        if (ss.channels > 32) {
+            ss.channels = 32;
+        }
+
         /* Use a default channel map. */
-        ((ma_pa_channel_map_init_extend_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_init_extend)(&cmap, ss.channels, pConfig->pulse.channelMap);
+        ((ma_pa_channel_map_init_extend_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_init_extend)(&cmap, ss.channels, (ma_pa_channel_map_def_t)pConfig->pulse.channelMap);
 
         /* Use the requested sample rate if one was specified. */
         if (pDescriptorCapture->sampleRate != 0) {
@@ -30626,7 +32095,7 @@ static ma_result ma_device_init__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, const ma_device_confi
             streamFlags |= MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE;
         }
 
-        error = ((ma_pa_stream_connect_record_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_record)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture, devCapture, &attr, streamFlags);
+        error = ((ma_pa_stream_connect_record_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_record)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture, devCapture, &attr, (ma_pa_stream_flags_t)streamFlags);
         if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
             ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to connect PulseAudio capture stream.");
             result = ma_result_from_pulse(error);
@@ -30720,8 +32189,13 @@ static ma_result ma_device_init__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, const ma_device_confi
             ss.channels = pDescriptorPlayback->channels;
         }
 
+        /* PulseAudio has a maximum channel count of 32. We'll get a crash if this is exceeded. */
+        if (ss.channels > 32) {
+            ss.channels = 32;
+        }
+
         /* Use a default channel map. */
-        ((ma_pa_channel_map_init_extend_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_init_extend)(&cmap, ss.channels, pConfig->pulse.channelMap);
+        ((ma_pa_channel_map_init_extend_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_init_extend)(&cmap, ss.channels, (ma_pa_channel_map_def_t)pConfig->pulse.channelMap);
 
 
         /* Use the requested sample rate if one was specified. */
@@ -30783,7 +32257,7 @@ static ma_result ma_device_init__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, const ma_device_confi
             streamFlags |= MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE;
         }
 
-        error = ((ma_pa_stream_connect_playback_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_playback)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback, devPlayback, &attr, streamFlags, NULL, NULL);
+        error = ((ma_pa_stream_connect_playback_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_playback)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback, devPlayback, &attr, (ma_pa_stream_flags_t)streamFlags, NULL, NULL);
         if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
             ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to connect PulseAudio playback stream.");
             result = ma_result_from_pulse(error);
@@ -31338,6 +32812,7 @@ typedef JackProcessCallback         ma_JackProcessCallback;
 typedef JackBufferSizeCallback      ma_JackBufferSizeCallback;
 typedef JackShutdownCallback        ma_JackShutdownCallback;
 #define MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE  JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE
+#define ma_JackNullOption           JackNullOption
 #define ma_JackNoStartServer        JackNoStartServer
 #define ma_JackPortIsInput          JackPortIsInput
 #define ma_JackPortIsOutput         JackPortIsOutput
@@ -31352,6 +32827,7 @@ typedef int  (* ma_JackProcessCallback)   (ma_jack_nframes_t nframes, void* arg)
 typedef int  (* ma_JackBufferSizeCallback)(ma_jack_nframes_t nframes, void* arg);
 typedef void (* ma_JackShutdownCallback)  (void* arg);
 #define MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE "32 bit float mono audio"
+#define ma_JackNullOption          0
 #define ma_JackNoStartServer       1
 #define ma_JackPortIsInput         1
 #define ma_JackPortIsOutput        2
@@ -31392,7 +32868,7 @@ static ma_result ma_context_open_client__jack(ma_context* pContext, ma_jack_clie
     maxClientNameSize = ((ma_jack_client_name_size_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_name_size)(); /* Includes null terminator. */
     ma_strncpy_s(clientName, ma_min(sizeof(clientName), maxClientNameSize), (pContext->jack.pClientName != NULL) ? pContext->jack.pClientName : "miniaudio", (size_t)-1);
 
-    pClient = ((ma_jack_client_open_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_open)(clientName, (pContext->jack.tryStartServer) ? 0 : ma_JackNoStartServer, &status, NULL);
+    pClient = ((ma_jack_client_open_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_open)(clientName, (pContext->jack.tryStartServer) ? ma_JackNullOption : ma_JackNoStartServer, &status, NULL);
     if (pClient == NULL) {
         return MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE;
     }
@@ -36994,7 +38470,7 @@ OSS Backend
 
 #define MA_OSS_DEFAULT_DEVICE_NAME  "/dev/dsp"
 
-static int ma_open_temp_device__oss()
+static int ma_open_temp_device__oss(void)
 {
     /* The OSS sample code uses "/dev/mixer" as the device for getting system properties so I'm going to do the same. */
     int fd = open("/dev/mixer", O_RDONLY, 0);
@@ -37834,25 +39310,30 @@ static void ma_stream_error_callback__aaudio(ma_AAudioStream* pStream, void* pUs
 
     (void)error;
     ma_log_postf(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] ERROR CALLBACK: error=%d, AAudioStream_getState()=%d\n", error, ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getState)pDevice->pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getState)(pStream));
+    
     /*
     When we get an error, we'll assume that the stream is in an erroneous state and needs to be restarted. From the documentation,
     we cannot do this from the error callback. Therefore we are going to use an event thread for the AAudio backend to do this
     cleanly and safely.
     */
-    job = ma_job_init(MA_JOB_TYPE_DEVICE_AAUDIO_REROUTE);
-    job.data.device.aaudio.reroute.pDevice = pDevice;
-
-    if (pStream == pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture) {
-        job.data.device.aaudio.reroute.deviceType = ma_device_type_capture;
+    if (ma_atomic_bool32_get(&pDevice->aaudio.isTearingDown)) {
+        ma_log_postf(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] Device Disconnected. Tearing down device.\n");
     }
     else {
-        job.data.device.aaudio.reroute.deviceType = ma_device_type_playback;
-    }
-
-    result = ma_device_job_thread_post(&pDevice->pContext->aaudio.jobThread, &job);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_log_postf(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] Device Disconnected. Failed to post job for rerouting.\n");
-        return;
+        job = ma_job_init(MA_JOB_TYPE_DEVICE_AAUDIO_REROUTE);
+        job.data.device.aaudio.reroute.pDevice = pDevice;
+    
+        if (pStream == pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture) {
+            job.data.device.aaudio.reroute.deviceType = ma_device_type_capture;
+        } else {
+            job.data.device.aaudio.reroute.deviceType = ma_device_type_playback;
+        }
+    
+        result = ma_device_job_thread_post(&pDevice->pContext->aaudio.jobThread, &job);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            ma_log_postf(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] Device Disconnected. Failed to post job for rerouting.\n");
+            return;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -38169,7 +39650,7 @@ static ma_result ma_close_streams__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
 {
     MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
 
-    /* When re-routing, streams may have been closed and never re-opened. Hence the extra checks below. */
+    /* When rerouting, streams may have been closed and never re-opened. Hence the extra checks below. */
     if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
         ma_close_stream__aaudio(pDevice->pContext, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
         pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture = NULL;
@@ -38186,6 +39667,12 @@ static ma_result ma_device_uninit__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
 {
     MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
 
+    /*
+    Note: Closing the streams may cause a timeout error, which would then trigger rerouting in our error callback.
+    We must not schedule a reroute when device is getting destroyed.
+    */
+    ma_atomic_bool32_set(&pDevice->aaudio.isTearingDown, MA_TRUE);
+
     /* Wait for any rerouting to finish before attempting to close the streams. */
     ma_mutex_lock(&pDevice->aaudio.rerouteLock);
     {
@@ -38193,7 +39680,7 @@ static ma_result ma_device_uninit__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
     }
     ma_mutex_unlock(&pDevice->aaudio.rerouteLock);
 
-    /* Destroy re-routing lock. */
+    /* Destroy rerouting lock. */
     ma_mutex_uninit(&pDevice->aaudio.rerouteLock);
 
     return MA_SUCCESS;
@@ -38429,17 +39916,22 @@ static ma_result ma_device_stop__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
 
 static ma_result ma_device_reinit__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType)
 {
+    const ma_int32 maxAttempts = 4; /* Reasonable retry limit. */
+
     ma_result result;
-    int32_t retries = 0;
+    ma_int32 iAttempt;
 
     MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
 
-    /*
-     TODO: Stop retrying if main thread is about to uninit device.
-    */
-    ma_mutex_lock(&pDevice->aaudio.rerouteLock);
-    {
-error_disconnected:
+    /* We got disconnected! Retry a few times, until we find a connected device! */
+    iAttempt = 0;
+    while (iAttempt++ < maxAttempts) {        
+        /* Device tearing down? No need to reroute! */
+        if (ma_atomic_bool32_get(&pDevice->aaudio.isTearingDown)) {
+            result = MA_SUCCESS; /* Caller should continue as normal. */
+            break;
+        }
+
         /* The first thing to do is close the streams. */
         ma_close_streams__aaudio(pDevice);
 
@@ -38495,14 +39987,16 @@ static ma_result ma_device_reinit__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type dev
         result = ma_device_init_streams__aaudio(pDevice, &deviceConfig, &descriptorPlayback, &descriptorCapture);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
             ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "[AAudio] Failed to create stream after route change.");
-            goto done;
+            /* Reroute failed! */
+            break;
         }
 
         result = ma_device_post_init(pDevice, deviceType, &descriptorPlayback, &descriptorCapture);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
             ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "[AAudio] Failed to initialize device after route change.");
             ma_close_streams__aaudio(pDevice);
-            goto done;
+            /* Reroute failed! */
+            break;
         }
 
         /* We'll only ever do this in response to a reroute. */
@@ -38513,26 +40007,23 @@ static ma_result ma_device_reinit__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type dev
             if (pDevice->aaudio.noAutoStartAfterReroute == MA_FALSE) {
                 result = ma_device_start__aaudio(pDevice);
                 if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-                    /* We got disconnected! Retry a few times, until we find a connected device! */
-                    retries += 1;
-                    if (retries <= 3) {
-                        ma_log_postf(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] Failed to start stream after route change, retrying(%d)", retries);
-                        goto error_disconnected;
+                    if (iAttempt < maxAttempts) {
+                        ma_log_postf(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] Failed to start stream after route change, retrying(%d)", iAttempt);
+                    } else {
+                        ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] Failed to start stream after route change, giving up.");
                     }
-                    ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[AAudio] Failed to start stream after route change.");
-                    goto done;
                 }
             } else {
-                ma_device_stop(pDevice);    /* Do a full device stop so we set internal state correctly. */
+                ma_device_stop(pDevice); /* Do a full device stop so we set internal state correctly. */
             }
         }
-        
-        result = MA_SUCCESS;
-    }
-done:
-    /* Re-routing done */
-    ma_mutex_unlock(&pDevice->aaudio.rerouteLock);
 
+        if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
+            /* Reroute successful! */
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -38698,7 +40189,7 @@ static ma_result ma_context_init__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_context_
 
 static ma_result ma_job_process__device__aaudio_reroute(ma_job* pJob)
 {
-    ma_result result;
+    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
     ma_device* pDevice;
 
     MA_ASSERT(pJob != NULL);
@@ -38706,19 +40197,22 @@ static ma_result ma_job_process__device__aaudio_reroute(ma_job* pJob)
     pDevice = (ma_device*)pJob->data.device.aaudio.reroute.pDevice;
     MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
 
-    /* Here is where we need to reroute the device. To do this we need to uninitialize the stream and reinitialize it. */
-    result = ma_device_reinit__aaudio(pDevice, (ma_device_type)pJob->data.device.aaudio.reroute.deviceType);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        /*
-        Getting here means we failed to reroute the device. The best thing I can think of here is to
-        just stop the device.
-        */
-        ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[AAudio] Stopping device due to reroute failure.");
-        ma_device_stop(pDevice);
-        return result;
+    ma_mutex_lock(&pDevice->aaudio.rerouteLock);
+    {
+        /* Here is where we need to reroute the device. To do this we need to uninitialize the stream and reinitialize it. */
+        result = ma_device_reinit__aaudio(pDevice, (ma_device_type)pJob->data.device.aaudio.reroute.deviceType);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            /*
+            Getting here means we failed to reroute the device. The best thing I can think of here is to
+            just stop the device.
+            */
+            ma_log_post(ma_device_get_log(pDevice), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[AAudio] Stopping device due to reroute failure.");
+            ma_device_stop(pDevice);
+        }
     }
+    ma_mutex_unlock(&pDevice->aaudio.rerouteLock);
 
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
+    return result;
 }
 #else
 /* Getting here means there is no AAudio backend so we need a no-op job implementation. */
@@ -40269,8 +41763,11 @@ static EM_BOOL ma_audio_worklet_process_callback__webaudio(int inputCount, const
         frameCount = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
     }
 
+    /*
+    If this is called by the device has not yet been started we need to return early, making sure we output silence to
+    the output buffer.
+    */
     if (ma_device_get_state(pDevice) != ma_device_state_started) {
-        /* Fill the output buffer with zero to avoid a noise sound */
         for (int i = 0; i < outputCount; i += 1) {
             MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pOutputs[i].data, pOutputs[i].numberOfChannels * frameCount * sizeof(float));
         }
@@ -40292,7 +41789,9 @@ static EM_BOOL ma_audio_worklet_process_callback__webaudio(int inputCount, const
     if (outputCount > 0) {
         /* If it's a capture-only device, we'll need to output silence. */
         if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture) {
-            MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pOutputs[0].data, frameCount * pDevice->playback.internalChannels * sizeof(float));
+            for (int i = 0; i < outputCount; i += 1) {
+                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pOutputs[i].data, pOutputs[i].numberOfChannels * frameCount * sizeof(float));
+            }
         } else {
             ma_device_process_pcm_frames_playback__webaudio(pDevice, frameCount, pDevice->webaudio.pIntermediaryBuffer);
 
@@ -40302,6 +41801,14 @@ static EM_BOOL ma_audio_worklet_process_callback__webaudio(int inputCount, const
                     pOutputs[0].data[frameCount*iChannel + iFrame] = pDevice->webaudio.pIntermediaryBuffer[iFrame*pDevice->playback.internalChannels + iChannel];
                 }
             }
+
+            /*
+            Just above we output data to the first output buffer. Here we just make sure we're putting silence into any
+            remaining output buffers.
+            */
+            for (int i = 1; i < outputCount; i += 1) {  /* <-- Note that the counter starts at 1 instead of 0. */
+                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pOutputs[i].data, pOutputs[i].numberOfChannels * frameCount * sizeof(float));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -40782,8 +42289,8 @@ static ma_result ma_context_uninit__webaudio(ma_context* pContext)
     /* Remove the global miniaudio object from window if there are no more references to it. */
     EM_ASM({
         if (typeof(window.miniaudio) !== 'undefined') {
-            miniaudio.unlock_event_types.map(function(event_type) {
-                document.removeEventListener(event_type, miniaudio.unlock, true);
+            window.miniaudio.unlock_event_types.map(function(event_type) {
+                document.removeEventListener(event_type, window.miniaudio.unlock, true);
             });
 
             window.miniaudio.referenceCount -= 1;
@@ -41236,13 +42743,13 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_device_post_init(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceTy
 static ma_thread_result MA_THREADCALL ma_worker_thread(void* pData)
 {
     ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pData;
-#ifdef MA_WIN32
+#if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
     HRESULT CoInitializeResult;
 #endif
 
     MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
 
-#ifdef MA_WIN32
+#if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
     CoInitializeResult = ma_CoInitializeEx(pDevice->pContext, NULL, MA_COINIT_VALUE);
 #endif
 
@@ -41333,8 +42840,8 @@ static ma_thread_result MA_THREADCALL ma_worker_thread(void* pData)
         ma_event_signal(&pDevice->stopEvent);
     }
 
-#ifdef MA_WIN32
-    if (CoInitializeResult == S_OK) {
+#if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
+    if (CoInitializeResult == S_OK || CoInitializeResult == S_FALSE) {
         ma_CoUninitialize(pDevice->pContext);
     }
 #endif
@@ -41358,67 +42865,92 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_device__is_initialized(ma_device* pDevice)
 static ma_result ma_context_uninit_backend_apis__win32(ma_context* pContext)
 {
     /* For some reason UWP complains when CoUninitialize() is called. I'm just not going to call it on UWP. */
-#if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP) || defined(MA_WIN32_GDK)
-    if (pContext->win32.CoInitializeResult == S_OK) {
-        ma_CoUninitialize(pContext);
-    }
+    #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP) || defined(MA_WIN32_GDK)
+    {
+        /* TODO: Remove this once the new single threaded backend system is in place in 0.12. */
+        #if !defined(MA_XBOX)
+        {
+            if (pContext->win32.CoInitializeResult == S_OK || pContext->win32.CoInitializeResult == S_FALSE) {
+                ma_CoUninitialize(pContext);    /* TODO: Remove this once the new single threaded backend system is in place in 0.12. */
+            }
+        }
+        #endif
 
-    #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
-        ma_dlclose(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hUser32DLL);
-        ma_dlclose(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL);
-    #endif
+        #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
+            ma_dlclose(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hUser32DLL);
+            ma_dlclose(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL);
+        #endif
 
-    ma_dlclose(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL);
-#else
-    (void)pContext;
-#endif
+        ma_dlclose(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL);
+    }
+    #else
+    {
+        (void)pContext;
+    }
+    #endif
 
     return MA_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static ma_result ma_context_init_backend_apis__win32(ma_context* pContext)
 {
-#if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP) || defined(MA_WIN32_GDK)
-    #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
-        /* User32.dll */
-        pContext->win32.hUser32DLL = ma_dlopen(ma_context_get_log(pContext), "user32.dll");
-        if (pContext->win32.hUser32DLL == NULL) {
-            return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
-        }
+    /*
+    TODO: Reassess all of this stuff and move everything to the relevant backends. For example, I think
+    GetForegroundWindow() and GetDesktopWindow() are only used by the DirectSound backend.
+    */
+    #if (defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP) || defined(MA_WIN32_GDK)) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
+    {
+        #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
+        {
+            /* User32.dll */
+            pContext->win32.hUser32DLL = ma_dlopen(ma_context_get_log(pContext), "user32.dll");
+            if (pContext->win32.hUser32DLL == NULL) {
+                return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
+            }
+
+            pContext->win32.GetForegroundWindow = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hUser32DLL, "GetForegroundWindow");
+            pContext->win32.GetDesktopWindow    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hUser32DLL, "GetDesktopWindow");
 
-        pContext->win32.GetForegroundWindow = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hUser32DLL, "GetForegroundWindow");
-        pContext->win32.GetDesktopWindow    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hUser32DLL, "GetDesktopWindow");
 
+            /* Advapi32.dll */
+            pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL = ma_dlopen(ma_context_get_log(pContext), "advapi32.dll");
+            if (pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL == NULL) {
+                return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
+            }
+
+            pContext->win32.RegOpenKeyExA    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegOpenKeyExA");
+            pContext->win32.RegCloseKey      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegCloseKey");
+            pContext->win32.RegQueryValueExA = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegQueryValueExA");
+        }
+        #endif
 
-        /* Advapi32.dll */
-        pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL = ma_dlopen(ma_context_get_log(pContext), "advapi32.dll");
-        if (pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL == NULL) {
+        /* Ole32.dll */
+        pContext->win32.hOle32DLL = ma_dlopen(ma_context_get_log(pContext), "ole32.dll");
+        if (pContext->win32.hOle32DLL == NULL) {
             return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
         }
 
-        pContext->win32.RegOpenKeyExA    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegOpenKeyExA");
-        pContext->win32.RegCloseKey      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegCloseKey");
-        pContext->win32.RegQueryValueExA = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegQueryValueExA");
+        pContext->win32.CoInitialize     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoInitialize");
+        pContext->win32.CoInitializeEx   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoInitializeEx");
+        pContext->win32.CoUninitialize   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoUninitialize");
+        pContext->win32.CoCreateInstance = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoCreateInstance");
+        pContext->win32.CoTaskMemFree    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoTaskMemFree");
+        pContext->win32.PropVariantClear = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "PropVariantClear");
+        pContext->win32.StringFromGUID2  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "StringFromGUID2");
+    }
+    #else
+    {
+        (void)pContext; /* Unused. */
+    }
     #endif
 
-    /* Ole32.dll */
-    pContext->win32.hOle32DLL = ma_dlopen(ma_context_get_log(pContext), "ole32.dll");
-    if (pContext->win32.hOle32DLL == NULL) {
-        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
+    /* TODO: Remove this once the new single threaded backend system is in place in 0.12. */
+    #if !defined(MA_XBOX)
+    {
+        pContext->win32.CoInitializeResult = ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, NULL, MA_COINIT_VALUE);
     }
+    #endif
 
-    pContext->win32.CoInitialize     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoInitialize");
-    pContext->win32.CoInitializeEx   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoInitializeEx");
-    pContext->win32.CoUninitialize   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoUninitialize");
-    pContext->win32.CoCreateInstance = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoCreateInstance");
-    pContext->win32.CoTaskMemFree    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoTaskMemFree");
-    pContext->win32.PropVariantClear = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "PropVariantClear");
-    pContext->win32.StringFromGUID2  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(ma_context_get_log(pContext), pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "StringFromGUID2");
-#else
-    (void)pContext; /* Unused. */
-#endif
-
-    pContext->win32.CoInitializeResult = ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, NULL, MA_COINIT_VALUE);
     return MA_SUCCESS;
 }
 #else
@@ -44016,7 +45548,7 @@ static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, m
 
     ma_uint64 i;
     for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
-        dst_s32[i] = src_s16[i] << 16;
+        dst_s32[i] = (ma_int32)src_s16[i] << 16;
     }
 
     (void)ditherMode;
@@ -49347,15 +50879,15 @@ static /*__attribute__((noinline))*/ ma_result ma_gainer_process_pcm_frames_inte
                     a += d;
                 }
             }
+
+            pFramesOut = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, interpolatedFrameCount * sizeof(float));
+            pFramesIn  = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn,  interpolatedFrameCount * sizeof(float));
         }
 
+        frameCount -= interpolatedFrameCount;
+
         /* Make sure the timer is updated. */
         pGainer->t = (ma_uint32)ma_min(pGainer->t + interpolatedFrameCount, pGainer->config.smoothTimeInFrames);
-
-        /* Adjust our arguments so the next part can work normally. */
-        frameCount -= interpolatedFrameCount;
-        pFramesOut  = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, interpolatedFrameCount * sizeof(float));
-        pFramesIn   = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn,  interpolatedFrameCount * sizeof(float));
     }
 
     /* All we need to do here is apply the new gains using an optimized path. */
@@ -50783,13 +52315,16 @@ static float ma_calculate_angular_gain(ma_vec3f dirA, ma_vec3f dirB, float coneI
 
 MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_process_pcm_frames(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
 {
-    ma_channel* pChannelMapIn  = pSpatializer->pChannelMapIn;
-    ma_channel* pChannelMapOut = pListener->config.pChannelMapOut;
+    ma_channel* pChannelMapIn;
+    ma_channel* pChannelMapOut;
 
-    if (pSpatializer == NULL) {
+    if (pSpatializer == NULL || pListener == NULL) {
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
     }
 
+    pChannelMapIn = pSpatializer->pChannelMapIn;
+    pChannelMapOut = pListener->config.pChannelMapOut;
+
     /* If we're not spatializing we need to run an optimized path. */
     if (ma_atomic_load_i32(&pSpatializer->attenuationModel) == ma_attenuation_model_none) {
         if (ma_spatializer_listener_is_enabled(pListener)) {
@@ -50834,23 +52369,17 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_process_pcm_frames(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer,
         We'll need the listener velocity for doppler pitch calculations. The speed of sound is
         defined by the listener, so we'll grab that here too.
         */
-        if (pListener != NULL) {
-            listenerVel  = ma_spatializer_listener_get_velocity(pListener);
-            speedOfSound = pListener->config.speedOfSound;
-        } else {
-            listenerVel  = ma_vec3f_init_3f(0, 0, 0);
-            speedOfSound = MA_DEFAULT_SPEED_OF_SOUND;
-        }
+        listenerVel  = ma_spatializer_listener_get_velocity(pListener);
+        speedOfSound = pListener->config.speedOfSound;
 
-        if (pListener == NULL || ma_spatializer_get_positioning(pSpatializer) == ma_positioning_relative) {
-            /* There's no listener or we're using relative positioning. */
+        if (ma_spatializer_get_positioning(pSpatializer) == ma_positioning_relative) {
             relativePos = ma_spatializer_get_position(pSpatializer);
             relativeDir = ma_spatializer_get_direction(pSpatializer);
         } else {
             /*
-            We've found a listener and we're using absolute positioning. We need to transform the
-            sound's position and direction so that it's relative to listener. Later on we'll use
-            this for determining the factors to apply to each channel to apply the panning effect.
+            We're using absolute positioning. We need to transform the sound's position and
+            direction so that it's relative to listener. Later on we'll use this for determining
+            the factors to apply to each channel to apply the panning effect.
             */
             ma_spatializer_get_relative_position_and_direction(pSpatializer, pListener, &relativePos, &relativeDir);
         }
@@ -52885,7 +54414,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_is_spatial_channel_position(ma_channel channelPosition)
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
 
-    if (channelPosition >= MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 && channelPosition <= MA_CHANNEL_AUX_31) {
+    if (channelPosition >= MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
 
@@ -56408,8 +57937,12 @@ MA_API size_t ma_channel_map_to_string(const ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_uint32
     }
 
     /* Null terminate. Don't increment the length here. */
-    if (pBufferOut != NULL && bufferCap > len + 1) {
-        pBufferOut[len] = '\0';
+    if (pBufferOut != NULL) {
+        if (bufferCap > len) {
+            pBufferOut[len] = '\0';
+        } else if (bufferCap > 0) {
+            pBufferOut[bufferCap - 1] = '\0';
+        }
     }
 
     return len;
@@ -56620,7 +58153,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_rb_init_ex(size_t subbufferSizeInBytes, size_t subbufferCoun
         Here is where we allocate our own buffer. We always want to align this to MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT for future SIMD optimization opportunity. To do this
         we need to make sure the stride is a multiple of MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT.
         */
-        pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes = (pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes + (MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT-1)) & ~MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT;
+        pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes = ma_align(pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes, MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT);
 
         bufferSizeInBytes = (size_t)pRB->subbufferCount*pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes;
         pRB->pBuffer = ma_aligned_malloc(bufferSizeInBytes, MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT, &pRB->allocationCallbacks);
@@ -59515,7 +61048,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_info(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo
 }
 
 
-#if !defined(MA_USE_WIN32_FILEIO) && (defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP) && !defined(MA_NO_WIN32_FILEIO) && !defined(MA_POSIX))
+#if !defined(MA_USE_WIN32_FILEIO) && (defined(MA_WIN32) && (defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP) || defined(MA_WIN32_NXDK)) && !defined(MA_NO_WIN32_FILEIO) && !defined(MA_POSIX))
     #define MA_USE_WIN32_FILEIO
 #endif
 
@@ -59592,25 +61125,34 @@ static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath,
 
 static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open_w__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
 {
-    HANDLE hFile;
-    DWORD dwDesiredAccess;
-    DWORD dwShareMode;
-    DWORD dwCreationDisposition;
+    #if !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
+    {
+        HANDLE hFile;
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess;
+        DWORD dwShareMode;
+        DWORD dwCreationDisposition;
 
-    (void)pVFS;
+        (void)pVFS;
 
-    /* Load some Win32 symbols dynamically so we can dynamically check for the existence of SetFilePointerEx. */
-    ma_win32_fileio_init();
+        /* Load some Win32 symbols dynamically so we can dynamically check for the existence of SetFilePointerEx. */
+        ma_win32_fileio_init();
 
-    ma_default_vfs__get_open_settings_win32(openMode, &dwDesiredAccess, &dwShareMode, &dwCreationDisposition);
+        ma_default_vfs__get_open_settings_win32(openMode, &dwDesiredAccess, &dwShareMode, &dwCreationDisposition);
 
-    hFile = CreateFileW(pFilePath, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
-    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
-    }
+        hFile = CreateFileW(pFilePath, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+        if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
+        }
 
-    *pFile = hFile;
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
+        *pFile = hFile;
+        return MA_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    #else
+    {
+        /* No CreateFileW() available. */
+        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+    }
+    #endif
 }
 
 static ma_result ma_default_vfs_close__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file)
@@ -59781,19 +61323,28 @@ static ma_result ma_default_vfs_tell__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_i
 
 static ma_result ma_default_vfs_info__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo)
 {
-    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fi;
-    BOOL result;
-
     (void)pVFS;
 
-    result = GetFileInformationByHandle((HANDLE)file, &fi);
-    if (result == 0) {
-        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
-    }
+    #if !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
+    {
+        BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fi;
+        BOOL result;
 
-    pInfo->sizeInBytes = ((ma_uint64)fi.nFileSizeHigh << 32) | ((ma_uint64)fi.nFileSizeLow);
+        result = GetFileInformationByHandle((HANDLE)file, &fi);
+        if (result == 0) {
+            return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
+        }
 
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
+        pInfo->sizeInBytes = ((ma_uint64)fi.nFileSizeHigh << 32) | ((ma_uint64)fi.nFileSizeLow);
+
+        return MA_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    #else
+    {
+        /* GetFileInformationByHandle() is unavailable. */
+        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+    }
+    #endif
 }
 #else
 static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
@@ -60131,6 +61682,8 @@ static ma_result ma_default_vfs_tell(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64* p
 
 static ma_result ma_default_vfs_info(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo)
 {
+    ma_result result;
+
     if (pInfo == NULL) {
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
     }
@@ -60142,10 +61695,42 @@ static ma_result ma_default_vfs_info(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_inf
     }
 
 #if defined(MA_USE_WIN32_FILEIO)
-    return ma_default_vfs_info__win32(pVFS, file, pInfo);
+    result = ma_default_vfs_info__win32(pVFS, file, pInfo);
 #else
-    return ma_default_vfs_info__stdio(pVFS, file, pInfo);
+    result = ma_default_vfs_info__stdio(pVFS, file, pInfo);
 #endif
+
+    if (result == MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED) {
+        /* Not implemented. Fall back to seek/tell/seek. */
+        ma_int64 cursor;
+        ma_int64 sizeInBytes;
+        
+        result = ma_default_vfs_tell(pVFS, file, &cursor);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        result = ma_default_vfs_seek(pVFS, file, 0, ma_seek_origin_end);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        result = ma_default_vfs_tell(pVFS, file, &sizeInBytes);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        pInfo->sizeInBytes = sizeInBytes;
+
+        result = ma_default_vfs_seek(pVFS, file, cursor, ma_seek_origin_start);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        MA_ASSERT(result == MA_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 
@@ -60324,6 +61909,8 @@ Decoding and Encoding Headers. These are auto-generated from a tool.
 
 **************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
 #if !defined(MA_NO_WAV) && (!defined(MA_NO_DECODING) || !defined(MA_NO_ENCODING))
+#define MA_HAS_WAV
+
 /* dr_wav_h begin */
 #ifndef ma_dr_wav_h
 #define ma_dr_wav_h
@@ -60333,8 +61920,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #define MA_DR_WAV_STRINGIFY(x)      #x
 #define MA_DR_WAV_XSTRINGIFY(x)     MA_DR_WAV_STRINGIFY(x)
 #define MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_MAJOR     0
-#define MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_MINOR     13
-#define MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_REVISION  18
+#define MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_MINOR     14
+#define MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_REVISION  4
 #define MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_STRING    MA_DR_WAV_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_MAJOR) "." MA_DR_WAV_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_MINOR) "." MA_DR_WAV_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_WAV_VERSION_REVISION)
 #include <stddef.h>
 #define MA_DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM          0x1
@@ -60350,8 +61937,9 @@ MA_API void ma_dr_wav_version(ma_uint32* pMajor, ma_uint32* pMinor, ma_uint32* p
 MA_API const char* ma_dr_wav_version_string(void);
 typedef enum
 {
-    ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start,
-    ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current
+    MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET,
+    MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR,
+    MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_END
 } ma_dr_wav_seek_origin;
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -60388,6 +61976,7 @@ MA_API ma_uint16 ma_dr_wav_fmt_get_format(const ma_dr_wav_fmt* pFMT);
 typedef size_t (* ma_dr_wav_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead);
 typedef size_t (* ma_dr_wav_write_proc)(void* pUserData, const void* pData, size_t bytesToWrite);
 typedef ma_bool32 (* ma_dr_wav_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin origin);
+typedef ma_bool32 (* ma_dr_wav_tell_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor);
 typedef ma_uint64 (* ma_dr_wav_chunk_proc)(void* pChunkUserData, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pReadSeekUserData, const ma_dr_wav_chunk_header* pChunkHeader, ma_dr_wav_container container, const ma_dr_wav_fmt* pFMT);
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -60432,6 +62021,11 @@ typedef enum
     ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_genre             = 1 << 15,
     ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_album             = 1 << 16,
     ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_tracknumber       = 1 << 17,
+    ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_location          = 1 << 18,
+    ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_organization      = 1 << 19,
+    ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_keywords          = 1 << 20,
+    ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_medium            = 1 << 21,
+    ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_description       = 1 << 22,
     ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_all_info_strings       = ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_software
                                                     | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_copyright
                                                     | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_title
@@ -60440,7 +62034,12 @@ typedef enum
                                                     | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_date
                                                     | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_genre
                                                     | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_album
-                                                    | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_tracknumber,
+                                                    | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_tracknumber
+                                                    | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_location
+                                                    | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_organization
+                                                    | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_keywords
+                                                    | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_medium
+                                                    | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_description,
     ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_all_adtl               = ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_label
                                                     | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_note
                                                     | ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_labelled_cue_region,
@@ -60457,8 +62056,8 @@ typedef struct
 {
     ma_uint32 cuePointId;
     ma_uint32 type;
-    ma_uint32 firstSampleByteOffset;
-    ma_uint32 lastSampleByteOffset;
+    ma_uint32 firstSampleOffset;
+    ma_uint32 lastSampleOffset;
     ma_uint32 sampleFraction;
     ma_uint32 playCount;
 } ma_dr_wav_smpl_loop;
@@ -60493,7 +62092,7 @@ typedef struct
     ma_uint8 dataChunkId[4];
     ma_uint32 chunkStart;
     ma_uint32 blockStart;
-    ma_uint32 sampleByteOffset;
+    ma_uint32 sampleOffset;
 } ma_dr_wav_cue_point;
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -60595,6 +62194,7 @@ typedef struct
     ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead;
     ma_dr_wav_write_proc onWrite;
     ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek;
+    ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell;
     void* pUserData;
     ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
     ma_dr_wav_container container;
@@ -60637,9 +62237,9 @@ typedef struct
         ma_bool8 isUnsigned;
     } aiff;
 } ma_dr_wav;
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_ex(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pReadSeekUserData, void* pChunkUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_with_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_ex(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_wav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, void* pChunkUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_with_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_write(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const ma_dr_wav_data_format* pFormat, ma_dr_wav_write_proc onWrite, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_write_sequential(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const ma_dr_wav_data_format* pFormat, ma_uint64 totalSampleCount, ma_dr_wav_write_proc onWrite, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_write_sequential_pcm_frames(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const ma_dr_wav_data_format* pFormat, ma_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, ma_dr_wav_write_proc onWrite, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
@@ -60711,9 +62311,9 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_memory_write(ma_dr_wav* pWav, void** ppData, siz
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_memory_write_sequential(ma_dr_wav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const ma_dr_wav_data_format* pFormat, ma_uint64 totalSampleCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_memory_write_sequential_pcm_frames(ma_dr_wav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const ma_dr_wav_data_format* pFormat, ma_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 #ifndef MA_DR_WAV_NO_CONVERSION_API
-MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API float* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API float* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 #ifndef MA_DR_WAV_NO_STDIO
 MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_wav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API float* ma_dr_wav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
@@ -60744,6 +62344,8 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_fourcc_equal(const ma_uint8* a, const char* b);
 #endif  /* MA_NO_WAV */
 
 #if !defined(MA_NO_FLAC) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING)
+#define MA_HAS_FLAC
+
 /* dr_flac_h begin */
 #ifndef ma_dr_flac_h
 #define ma_dr_flac_h
@@ -60753,8 +62355,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #define MA_DR_FLAC_STRINGIFY(x)      #x
 #define MA_DR_FLAC_XSTRINGIFY(x)     MA_DR_FLAC_STRINGIFY(x)
 #define MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_MAJOR     0
-#define MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_MINOR     12
-#define MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_REVISION  43
+#define MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_MINOR     13
+#define MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_REVISION  3
 #define MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_STRING    MA_DR_FLAC_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_MAJOR) "." MA_DR_FLAC_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_MINOR) "." MA_DR_FLAC_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_FLAC_VERSION_REVISION)
 #include <stddef.h>
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700
@@ -60817,8 +62419,9 @@ typedef enum
 } ma_dr_flac_container;
 typedef enum
 {
-    ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start,
-    ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current
+    MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET,
+    MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR,
+    MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_END
 } ma_dr_flac_seek_origin;
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -60841,8 +62444,9 @@ typedef struct
 typedef struct
 {
     ma_uint32 type;
-    const void* pRawData;
     ma_uint32 rawDataSize;
+    ma_uint64 rawDataOffset;
+    const void* pRawData;
     union
     {
         ma_dr_flac_streaminfo streaminfo;
@@ -60888,12 +62492,14 @@ typedef struct
             ma_uint32 colorDepth;
             ma_uint32 indexColorCount;
             ma_uint32 pictureDataSize;
+            ma_uint64 pictureDataOffset;
             const ma_uint8* pPictureData;
         } picture;
     } data;
 } ma_dr_flac_metadata;
 typedef size_t (* ma_dr_flac_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead);
 typedef ma_bool32 (* ma_dr_flac_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin origin);
+typedef ma_bool32 (* ma_dr_flac_tell_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor);
 typedef void (* ma_dr_flac_meta_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_dr_flac_metadata* pMetadata);
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -60905,6 +62511,7 @@ typedef struct
 {
     ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead;
     ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek;
+    ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell;
     void* pUserData;
     size_t unalignedByteCount;
     ma_dr_flac_cache_t unalignedCache;
@@ -60964,10 +62571,10 @@ typedef struct
     ma_dr_flac_bs bs;
     ma_uint8 pExtraData[1];
 } ma_dr_flac;
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API void ma_dr_flac_close(ma_dr_flac* pFlac);
 MA_API ma_uint64 ma_dr_flac_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_flac* pFlac, ma_uint64 framesToRead, ma_int32* pBufferOut);
 MA_API ma_uint64 ma_dr_flac_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_flac* pFlac, ma_uint64 framesToRead, ma_int16* pBufferOut);
@@ -60981,9 +62588,9 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_file_with_metadata_w(const wchar_t* pFileName
 #endif
 MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_memory_with_metadata(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API float* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API float* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 #ifndef MA_DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
 MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_flac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_flac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
@@ -61031,6 +62638,14 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac_next_cuesheet_track(ma_dr_flac_cuesheet_track_iterat
 #endif  /* MA_NO_FLAC */
 
 #if !defined(MA_NO_MP3) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING)
+#define MA_HAS_MP3
+
+#ifndef MA_DR_MP3_NO_SIMD
+    #if (defined(MA_NO_NEON) && defined(MA_ARM)) || (defined(MA_NO_SSE2) && (defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)))
+    #define MA_DR_MP3_NO_SIMD
+    #endif
+#endif
+
 /* dr_mp3_h begin */
 #ifndef ma_dr_mp3_h
 #define ma_dr_mp3_h
@@ -61040,31 +62655,57 @@ extern "C" {
 #define MA_DR_MP3_STRINGIFY(x)      #x
 #define MA_DR_MP3_XSTRINGIFY(x)     MA_DR_MP3_STRINGIFY(x)
 #define MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_MAJOR     0
-#define MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_MINOR     6
-#define MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_REVISION  40
+#define MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_MINOR     7
+#define MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_REVISION  3
 #define MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_STRING    MA_DR_MP3_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_MAJOR) "." MA_DR_MP3_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_MINOR) "." MA_DR_MP3_XSTRINGIFY(MA_DR_MP3_VERSION_REVISION)
 #include <stddef.h>
 #define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_PCM_FRAMES_PER_MP3_FRAME  1152
 #define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME         (MA_DR_MP3_MAX_PCM_FRAMES_PER_MP3_FRAME*2)
 MA_API void ma_dr_mp3_version(ma_uint32* pMajor, ma_uint32* pMinor, ma_uint32* pRevision);
 MA_API const char* ma_dr_mp3_version_string(void);
+#define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES      511
+#define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_FREE_FORMAT_FRAME_SIZE  2304
+#define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_L3_FRAME_PAYLOAD_BYTES  MA_DR_MP3_MAX_FREE_FORMAT_FRAME_SIZE
 typedef struct
 {
-    int frame_bytes, channels, hz, layer, bitrate_kbps;
+    int frame_bytes, channels, sample_rate, layer, bitrate_kbps;
 } ma_dr_mp3dec_frame_info;
 typedef struct
+{
+    const ma_uint8 *buf;
+    int pos, limit;
+} ma_dr_mp3_bs;
+typedef struct
+{
+    const ma_uint8 *sfbtab;
+    ma_uint16 part_23_length, big_values, scalefac_compress;
+    ma_uint8 global_gain, block_type, mixed_block_flag, n_long_sfb, n_short_sfb;
+    ma_uint8 table_select[3], region_count[3], subblock_gain[3];
+    ma_uint8 preflag, scalefac_scale, count1_table, scfsi;
+} ma_dr_mp3_L3_gr_info;
+typedef struct
+{
+    ma_dr_mp3_bs bs;
+    ma_uint8 maindata[MA_DR_MP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES + MA_DR_MP3_MAX_L3_FRAME_PAYLOAD_BYTES];
+    ma_dr_mp3_L3_gr_info gr_info[4];
+    float grbuf[2][576], scf[40], syn[18 + 15][2*32];
+    ma_uint8 ist_pos[2][39];
+} ma_dr_mp3dec_scratch;
+typedef struct
 {
     float mdct_overlap[2][9*32], qmf_state[15*2*32];
     int reserv, free_format_bytes;
     ma_uint8 header[4], reserv_buf[511];
+    ma_dr_mp3dec_scratch scratch;
 } ma_dr_mp3dec;
 MA_API void ma_dr_mp3dec_init(ma_dr_mp3dec *dec);
 MA_API int ma_dr_mp3dec_decode_frame(ma_dr_mp3dec *dec, const ma_uint8 *mp3, int mp3_bytes, void *pcm, ma_dr_mp3dec_frame_info *info);
 MA_API void ma_dr_mp3dec_f32_to_s16(const float *in, ma_int16 *out, size_t num_samples);
 typedef enum
 {
-    ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_start,
-    ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_current
+    MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET,
+    MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_CUR,
+    MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END
 } ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin;
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -61073,8 +62714,24 @@ typedef struct
     ma_uint16 mp3FramesToDiscard;
     ma_uint16 pcmFramesToDiscard;
 } ma_dr_mp3_seek_point;
+typedef enum
+{
+    MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_ID3V1,
+    MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_ID3V2,
+    MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_APE,
+    MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_XING,
+    MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_VBRI
+} ma_dr_mp3_metadata_type;
+typedef struct
+{
+    ma_dr_mp3_metadata_type type;
+    const void* pRawData;
+    size_t rawDataSize;
+} ma_dr_mp3_metadata;
 typedef size_t (* ma_dr_mp3_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead);
 typedef ma_bool32 (* ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin origin);
+typedef ma_bool32 (* ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor);
+typedef void (* ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc)(void* pUserData, const ma_dr_mp3_metadata* pMetadata);
 typedef struct
 {
     ma_uint32 channels;
@@ -61087,7 +62744,9 @@ typedef struct
     ma_uint32 sampleRate;
     ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead;
     ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek;
+    ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta;
     void* pUserData;
+    void* pUserDataMeta;
     ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
     ma_uint32 mp3FrameChannels;
     ma_uint32 mp3FrameSampleRate;
@@ -61096,13 +62755,20 @@ typedef struct
     ma_uint8 pcmFrames[sizeof(float)*MA_DR_MP3_MAX_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME];
     ma_uint64 currentPCMFrame;
     ma_uint64 streamCursor;
+    ma_uint64 streamLength;
+    ma_uint64 streamStartOffset;
     ma_dr_mp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints;
     ma_uint32 seekPointCount;
+    ma_uint32 delayInPCMFrames;
+    ma_uint32 paddingInPCMFrames;
+    ma_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
+    ma_bool32 isVBR;
+    ma_bool32 isCBR;
     size_t dataSize;
     size_t dataCapacity;
     size_t dataConsumed;
     ma_uint8* pData;
-    ma_bool32 atEnd : 1;
+    ma_bool32 atEnd;
     struct
     {
         const ma_uint8* pData;
@@ -61110,9 +62776,12 @@ typedef struct
         size_t currentReadPos;
     } memory;
 } ma_dr_mp3;
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_memory_with_metadata(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserDataMeta, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_memory(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 #ifndef MA_DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file_with_metadata(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const char* pFilePath, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserDataMeta, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file_with_metadata_w(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserDataMeta, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const char* pFilePath, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file_w(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 #endif
@@ -61125,8 +62794,8 @@ MA_API ma_uint64 ma_dr_mp3_get_mp3_frame_count(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint64* pMP3FrameCount, ma_uint64* pPCMFrameCount);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_calculate_seek_points(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint32* pSeekPointCount, ma_dr_mp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints);
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_bind_seek_table(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint32 seekPointCount, ma_dr_mp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints);
-MA_API float* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
-MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API float* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
+MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API float* ma_dr_mp3_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_mp3_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
 #ifndef MA_DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
@@ -61591,7 +63260,6 @@ static ma_result ma_decoder_init_custom_from_memory__internal(const void* pData,
 
 /* WAV */
 #ifdef ma_dr_wav_h
-#define MA_HAS_WAV
 
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -61679,8 +63347,10 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_wav_dr_callback__seek(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_wav
     MA_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
 
     maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_start;
-    if (origin == ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current) {
-        maSeekOrigin =  ma_seek_origin_current;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_current;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_END) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_end;
     }
 
     result = pWav->onSeek(pWav->pReadSeekTellUserData, offset, maSeekOrigin);
@@ -61690,6 +63360,26 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_wav_dr_callback__seek(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_wav
 
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
+
+static ma_bool32 ma_wav_dr_callback__tell(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    ma_wav* pWav = (ma_wav*)pUserData;
+    ma_result result;
+
+    MA_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
+    MA_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);
+
+    if (pWav->onTell == NULL) {
+        return MA_FALSE;  /* Not implemented. */
+    }
+
+    result = pWav->onTell(pWav->pReadSeekTellUserData, pCursor);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        return MA_FALSE;  /* Failed to tell. */
+    }
+
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
 #endif
 
 static ma_result ma_wav_init_internal(const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, ma_wav* pWav)
@@ -61784,7 +63474,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_wav_init(ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_p
     {
         ma_bool32 wavResult;
 
-        wavResult = ma_dr_wav_init(&pWav->dr, ma_wav_dr_callback__read, ma_wav_dr_callback__seek, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks);
+        wavResult = ma_dr_wav_init(&pWav->dr, ma_wav_dr_callback__read, ma_wav_dr_callback__seek, ma_wav_dr_callback__tell, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks);
         if (wavResult != MA_TRUE) {
             return MA_INVALID_FILE;
         }
@@ -62275,7 +63965,6 @@ static ma_result ma_decoder_init_wav_from_memory__internal(const void* pData, si
 
 /* FLAC */
 #ifdef ma_dr_flac_h
-#define MA_HAS_FLAC
 
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -62363,8 +64052,10 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_flac_dr_callback__seek(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_fl
     MA_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
 
     maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_start;
-    if (origin == ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current) {
-        maSeekOrigin =  ma_seek_origin_current;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_current;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_END) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_end;
     }
 
     result = pFlac->onSeek(pFlac->pReadSeekTellUserData, offset, maSeekOrigin);
@@ -62374,6 +64065,26 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_flac_dr_callback__seek(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_fl
 
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
+
+static ma_bool32 ma_flac_dr_callback__tell(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    ma_flac* pFlac = (ma_flac*)pUserData;
+    ma_result result;
+
+    MA_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
+    MA_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);
+
+    if (pFlac->onTell == NULL) {
+        return MA_FALSE;  /* Not implemented. */
+    }
+
+    result = pFlac->onTell(pFlac->pReadSeekTellUserData, pCursor);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        return MA_FALSE;  /* Failed to tell. */
+    }
+
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
 #endif
 
 static ma_result ma_flac_init_internal(const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, ma_flac* pFlac)
@@ -62425,7 +64136,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_flac_init(ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_
 
     #if !defined(MA_NO_FLAC)
     {
-        pFlac->dr = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_flac_dr_callback__read, ma_flac_dr_callback__seek, pFlac, pAllocationCallbacks);
+        pFlac->dr = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_flac_dr_callback__read, ma_flac_dr_callback__seek, ma_flac_dr_callback__tell, pFlac, pAllocationCallbacks);
         if (pFlac->dr == NULL) {
             return MA_INVALID_FILE;
         }
@@ -62897,7 +64608,6 @@ static ma_result ma_decoder_init_flac_from_memory__internal(const void* pData, s
 
 /* MP3 */
 #ifdef ma_dr_mp3_h
-#define MA_HAS_MP3
 
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -62986,9 +64696,12 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_mp3_dr_callback__seek(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_mp3
 
     MA_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
 
-    maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_start;
-    if (origin == ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_current) {
-        maSeekOrigin =  ma_seek_origin_current;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_start;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_end;
+    } else {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_current;
     }
 
     result = pMP3->onSeek(pMP3->pReadSeekTellUserData, offset, maSeekOrigin);
@@ -62998,6 +64711,21 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_mp3_dr_callback__seek(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_mp3
 
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
+
+static ma_bool32 ma_mp3_dr_callback__tell(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    ma_mp3* pMP3 = (ma_mp3*)pUserData;
+    ma_result result;
+
+    MA_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
+
+    result = pMP3->onTell(pMP3->pReadSeekTellUserData, pCursor);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
 #endif
 
 static ma_result ma_mp3_init_internal(const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, ma_mp3* pMP3)
@@ -63098,7 +64826,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_mp3_init(ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_p
     {
         ma_bool32 mp3Result;
 
-        mp3Result = ma_dr_mp3_init(&pMP3->dr, ma_mp3_dr_callback__read, ma_mp3_dr_callback__seek, pMP3, pAllocationCallbacks);
+        mp3Result = ma_dr_mp3_init(&pMP3->dr, ma_mp3_dr_callback__read, ma_mp3_dr_callback__seek, ma_mp3_dr_callback__tell, NULL, pMP3, pAllocationCallbacks);
         if (mp3Result != MA_TRUE) {
             return MA_INVALID_FILE;
         }
@@ -64557,11 +66285,9 @@ static ma_result ma_decoder_init__internal(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decod
         We use trial and error to open a decoder. We prioritize custom decoders so that if they
         implement the same encoding format they take priority over the built-in decoders.
         */
+        result = ma_decoder_init_custom__internal(pConfig, pDecoder);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            result = ma_decoder_init_custom__internal(pConfig, pDecoder);
-            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-                onSeek(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
-            }
+            onSeek(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
         }
 
         /*
@@ -64825,14 +66551,6 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, cons
         /* Initialization was successful. Finish up. */
         result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            /*
-            The backend was initialized successfully, but for some reason post-initialization failed. This is most likely
-            due to an out of memory error. We're going to abort with an error here and not try to recover.
-            */
-            if (pDecoder->pBackendVTable != NULL && pDecoder->pBackendVTable->onUninit != NULL) {
-                pDecoder->pBackendVTable->onUninit(pDecoder->pBackendUserData, &pDecoder->pBackend, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
-            }
-
             return result;
         }
     } else {
@@ -64997,14 +66715,16 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_path_extension_equal_w(const wchar_t* path, const wchar_t* e
     ext1 = extension;
     ext2 = ma_path_extension_w(path);
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__DMC__)
-    return _wcsicmp(ext1, ext2) == 0;
-#else
-    /*
-    I'm not aware of a wide character version of strcasecmp(). I'm therefore converting the extensions to multibyte strings and comparing those. This
-    isn't the most efficient way to do it, but it should work OK.
-    */
+    #if (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__DMC__)) && !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK)
+    {
+        return _wcsicmp(ext1, ext2) == 0;
+    }
+    #elif !defined(MA_XBOX_NXDK) && !defined(MA_DOS)
     {
+        /*
+        I'm not aware of a wide character version of strcasecmp(). I'm therefore converting the extensions to multibyte strings and comparing those. This
+        isn't the most efficient way to do it, but it should work OK.
+        */
         char ext1MB[4096];
         char ext2MB[4096];
         const wchar_t* pext1 = ext1;
@@ -65024,7 +66744,13 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_path_extension_equal_w(const wchar_t* path, const wchar_t* e
 
         return strcasecmp(ext1MB, ext2MB) == 0;
     }
-#endif
+    #else
+    {
+        /* Getting here means we don't have a way to do a case-sensitive comparison for wide strings. Fall back to a simple case-sensitive comparison. */
+        /* TODO: Implement our own wchar_t-to-char conversion routine and then use the char* version for comparing. */
+        return ma_wcscmp(ext1, ext2) == 0;
+    }
+    #endif
 }
 #endif  /* MA_HAS_PATH_API */
 
@@ -65125,11 +66851,9 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const
         We use trial and error to open a decoder. We prioritize custom decoders so that if they
         implement the same encoding format they take priority over the built-in decoders.
         */
+        result = ma_decoder_init_custom__internal(&config, pDecoder);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            result = ma_decoder_init_custom__internal(&config, pDecoder);
-            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-                ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
-            }
+            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
         }
 
         /*
@@ -65258,11 +66982,9 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, c
         We use trial and error to open a decoder. We prioritize custom decoders so that if they
         implement the same encoding format they take priority over the built-in decoders.
         */
+        result = ma_decoder_init_custom__internal(&config, pDecoder);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            result = ma_decoder_init_custom__internal(&config, pDecoder);
-            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-                ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
-            }
+            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
         }
 
         /*
@@ -65444,14 +67166,6 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file(const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_co
         /* Initialization was successful. Finish up. */
         result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            /*
-            The backend was initialized successfully, but for some reason post-initialization failed. This is most likely
-            due to an out of memory error. We're going to abort with an error here and not try to recover.
-            */
-            if (pDecoder->pBackendVTable != NULL && pDecoder->pBackendVTable->onUninit != NULL) {
-                pDecoder->pBackendVTable->onUninit(pDecoder->pBackendUserData, &pDecoder->pBackend, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
-            }
-
             return result;
         }
     } else {
@@ -65594,14 +67308,6 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decod
         /* Initialization was successful. Finish up. */
         result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            /*
-            The backend was initialized successfully, but for some reason post-initialization failed. This is most likely
-            due to an out of memory error. We're going to abort with an error here and not try to recover.
-            */
-            if (pDecoder->pBackendVTable != NULL && pDecoder->pBackendVTable->onUninit != NULL) {
-                pDecoder->pBackendVTable->onUninit(pDecoder->pBackendUserData, &pDecoder->pBackend, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
-            }
-
             return result;
         }
     } else {
@@ -66119,10 +67825,18 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_encoder__internal_on_seek_wav(void* pUserData, int offset, m
 {
     ma_encoder* pEncoder = (ma_encoder*)pUserData;
     ma_result result;
+    ma_seek_origin maSeekOrigin;
 
     MA_ASSERT(pEncoder != NULL);
 
-    result = pEncoder->onSeek(pEncoder, offset, (origin == ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start) ? ma_seek_origin_start : ma_seek_origin_current);
+    maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_start;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_current;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_END) {
+        maSeekOrigin = ma_seek_origin_end;
+    }
+
+    result = pEncoder->onSeek(pEncoder, offset, maSeekOrigin);
     if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     } else {
@@ -67644,7 +69358,7 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_hash_getblock(const ma_uint32* blocks, int i)
     ma_uint32 block;
 
     /* Try silencing a sanitization warning about unaligned access by doing a memcpy() instead of assignment. */
-    MA_COPY_MEMORY(&block, ma_offset_ptr(blocks, i * sizeof(block)), sizeof(block));
+    MA_COPY_MEMORY(&block, ma_offset_ptr(blocks, i * (int) sizeof(block)), sizeof(block));
 
     if (ma_is_little_endian()) {
         return block;
@@ -67720,7 +69434,7 @@ static ma_uint32 ma_hash_string_32(const char* str)
 
 static ma_uint32 ma_hash_string_w_32(const wchar_t* str)
 {
-    return ma_hash_32(str, (int)wcslen(str) * sizeof(*str), MA_DEFAULT_HASH_SEED);
+    return ma_hash_32(str, (int)ma_wcslen(str) * sizeof(*str), MA_DEFAULT_HASH_SEED);
 }
 
 
@@ -67880,6 +69594,7 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* ma_resource_manager_data_
     return ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_find_min(pDataBufferNode->pChildHi);
 }
 
+#if 0   /* Currently unused, but might make use of this later. */
 static MA_INLINE ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_find_inorder_predecessor(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* pDataBufferNode)
 {
     MA_ASSERT(pDataBufferNode           != NULL);
@@ -67887,6 +69602,7 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* ma_resource_manager_data_
 
     return ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_find_max(pDataBufferNode->pChildLo);
 }
+#endif
 
 static ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_remove(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* pDataBufferNode)
 {
@@ -68237,6 +69953,7 @@ MA_API ma_resource_manager_config ma_resource_manager_config_init(void)
     config.decodedSampleRate = 0;
     config.jobThreadCount    = 1;   /* A single miniaudio-managed job thread by default. */
     config.jobQueueCapacity  = MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_QUEUE_CAPACITY;
+    config.resampling        = ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format_unknown, 0, 0, 0, ma_resample_algorithm_linear); /* Format/channels/rate doesn't matter here. */
 
     /* Flags. */
     config.flags = 0;
@@ -68490,6 +70207,7 @@ static ma_decoder_config ma_resource_manager__init_decoder_config(ma_resource_ma
     config.ppCustomBackendVTables = pResourceManager->config.ppCustomDecodingBackendVTables;
     config.customBackendCount     = pResourceManager->config.customDecodingBackendCount;
     config.pCustomBackendUserData = pResourceManager->config.pCustomDecodingBackendUserData;
+    config.resampling = pResourceManager->config.resampling;
 
     return config;
 }
@@ -69009,16 +70727,19 @@ static ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_acquire_critical_section(m
                 /* Failed to post job. Probably ran out of memory. */
                 ma_log_postf(ma_resource_manager_get_log(pResourceManager), MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to post MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_LOAD_DATA_BUFFER_NODE job. %s.\n", ma_result_description(result));
 
-                /*
-                Fences were acquired before posting the job, but since the job was not able to
-                be posted, we need to make sure we release them so nothing gets stuck waiting.
-                */
-                if (pInitFence != NULL) { ma_fence_release(pInitFence); }
-                if (pDoneFence != NULL) { ma_fence_release(pDoneFence); }
-
                 if ((flags & MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_WAIT_INIT) != 0) {
                     ma_resource_manager_inline_notification_uninit(pInitNotification);
                 } else {
+                    /*
+                    Fences were acquired before posting the job, but since the job was not able to
+                    be posted, we need to make sure we release them so nothing gets stuck waiting.
+
+                    In the WAIT_INIT case, these will have already been released in ma_job_process()
+                    so we should only release fences in this branch.
+                    */
+                    if (pInitFence != NULL) { ma_fence_release(pInitFence); }
+                    if (pDoneFence != NULL) { ma_fence_release(pDoneFence); }
+
                     /* These will have been freed by the job thread, but with WAIT_INIT they will already have happened since the job has already been handled. */
                     ma_free(pFilePathCopy,  &pResourceManager->config.allocationCallbacks);
                     ma_free(pFilePathWCopy, &pResourceManager->config.allocationCallbacks);
@@ -69812,13 +71533,13 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_data_format(ma_resource_man
 
 MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_uint64* pCursor)
 {
-    /* We cannot be using the data source after it's been uninitialized. */
-    MA_ASSERT(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_result(pDataBuffer->pNode) != MA_UNAVAILABLE);
-
     if (pDataBuffer == NULL || pCursor == NULL) {
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
     }
 
+    /* We cannot be using the data source after it's been uninitialized. */
+    MA_ASSERT(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_result(pDataBuffer->pNode) != MA_UNAVAILABLE);
+
     *pCursor = 0;
 
     switch (ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_get_data_supply_type(pDataBuffer->pNode))
@@ -69852,13 +71573,13 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_res
 
 MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_uint64* pLength)
 {
-    /* We cannot be using the data source after it's been uninitialized. */
-    MA_ASSERT(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_result(pDataBuffer->pNode) != MA_UNAVAILABLE);
-
     if (pDataBuffer == NULL || pLength == NULL) {
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
     }
 
+    /* We cannot be using the data source after it's been uninitialized. */
+    MA_ASSERT(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_result(pDataBuffer->pNode) != MA_UNAVAILABLE);
+
     if (ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_get_data_supply_type(pDataBuffer->pNode) == ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_unknown) {
         return MA_BUSY; /* Still loading. */
     }
@@ -71213,8 +72934,6 @@ static ma_result ma_job_process__resource_manager__free_data_buffer_node(ma_job*
         return ma_resource_manager_post_job(pResourceManager, pJob);    /* Out of order. */
     }
 
-    ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_free(pResourceManager, pDataBufferNode);
-
     /* The event needs to be signalled last. */
     if (pJob->data.resourceManager.freeDataBufferNode.pDoneNotification != NULL) {
         ma_async_notification_signal(pJob->data.resourceManager.freeDataBufferNode.pDoneNotification);
@@ -71225,6 +72944,9 @@ static ma_result ma_job_process__resource_manager__free_data_buffer_node(ma_job*
     }
 
     ma_atomic_fetch_add_32(&pDataBufferNode->executionPointer, 1);
+
+    ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node_free(pResourceManager, pDataBufferNode);
+
     return MA_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -72097,6 +73819,15 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_node_graph_set_time(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, ma_uint64 glo
     return ma_node_set_time(&pNodeGraph->endpoint, globalTime); /* Global time is just the local time of the endpoint. */
 }
 
+MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_graph_get_processing_size_in_frames(const ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph)
+{
+    if (pNodeGraph == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return pNodeGraph->processingSizeInFrames;
+}
+
 
 #define MA_NODE_OUTPUT_BUS_FLAG_HAS_READ    0x01    /* Whether or not this bus ready to read more data. Only used on nodes with multiple output buses. */
 
@@ -73256,12 +74987,12 @@ MA_API ma_node_state ma_node_get_state_by_time_range(const ma_node* pNode, ma_ui
     its start time not having been reached yet. Also, the stop time may have also been reached in
     which case it'll be considered stopped.
     */
-    if (ma_node_get_state_time(pNode, ma_node_state_started) > globalTimeBeg) {
-        return ma_node_state_stopped;   /* Start time has not yet been reached. */
+    if (ma_node_get_state_time(pNode, ma_node_state_stopped) < globalTimeBeg) {
+        return ma_node_state_stopped;   /* End time is before the start of the range. */
     }
 
-    if (ma_node_get_state_time(pNode, ma_node_state_stopped) <= globalTimeEnd) {
-        return ma_node_state_stopped;   /* Stop time has been reached. */
+    if (ma_node_get_state_time(pNode, ma_node_state_started) > globalTimeEnd) {
+        return ma_node_state_stopped;   /* Start time is after the end of the range. */
     }
 
     /* Getting here means the node is marked as started and is within its start/stop times. */
@@ -73341,14 +75072,14 @@ static ma_result ma_node_read_pcm_frames(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusInde
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Invalid output bus index. */
     }
 
+    globalTimeBeg = globalTime;
+    globalTimeEnd = globalTime + frameCount;
+
     /* Don't do anything if we're in a stopped state. */
-    if (ma_node_get_state_by_time_range(pNode, globalTime, globalTime + frameCount) != ma_node_state_started) {
+    if (ma_node_get_state_by_time_range(pNode, globalTimeBeg, globalTimeEnd) != ma_node_state_started) {
         return MA_SUCCESS;  /* We're in a stopped state. This is not an error - we just need to not read anything. */
     }
 
-
-    globalTimeBeg = globalTime;
-    globalTimeEnd = globalTime + frameCount;
     startTime = ma_node_get_state_time(pNode, ma_node_state_started);
     stopTime  = ma_node_get_state_time(pNode, ma_node_state_stopped);
 
@@ -73361,11 +75092,16 @@ static ma_result ma_node_read_pcm_frames(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusInde
     therefore need to offset it by a number of frames to accommodate. The same thing applies for
     the stop time.
     */
-    timeOffsetBeg = (globalTimeBeg < startTime) ? (ma_uint32)(globalTimeEnd - startTime) : 0;
+    timeOffsetBeg = (globalTimeBeg < startTime) ? (ma_uint32)(startTime - globalTimeBeg) : 0;
     timeOffsetEnd = (globalTimeEnd > stopTime)  ? (ma_uint32)(globalTimeEnd - stopTime)  : 0;
 
     /* Trim based on the start offset. We need to silence the start of the buffer. */
     if (timeOffsetBeg > 0) {
+        MA_ASSERT(timeOffsetBeg <= frameCount);
+        if (timeOffsetBeg > frameCount) {
+            timeOffsetBeg = frameCount;
+        }
+
         ma_silence_pcm_frames(pFramesOut, timeOffsetBeg, ma_format_f32, ma_node_get_output_channels(pNode, outputBusIndex));
         pFramesOut += timeOffsetBeg * ma_node_get_output_channels(pNode, outputBusIndex);
         frameCount -= timeOffsetBeg;
@@ -73373,6 +75109,11 @@ static ma_result ma_node_read_pcm_frames(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusInde
 
     /* Trim based on the end offset. We don't need to silence the tail section because we'll just have a reduced value written to pFramesRead. */
     if (timeOffsetEnd > 0) {
+        MA_ASSERT(timeOffsetEnd <= frameCount);
+        if (timeOffsetEnd > frameCount) {
+            timeOffsetEnd = frameCount;
+        }
+
         frameCount -= timeOffsetEnd;
     }
 
@@ -74787,12 +76528,20 @@ static void ma_sound_set_at_end(ma_sound* pSound, ma_bool32 atEnd)
     MA_ASSERT(pSound != NULL);
     ma_atomic_exchange_32(&pSound->atEnd, atEnd);
 
+    /*
+    When this function is called the state of the sound will not yet be in a stopped state. This makes it confusing
+    because an end callback will intuitively expect ma_sound_is_playing() to return false from inside the callback.
+    I'm therefore no longer firing the callback here and will instead fire it manually in the *next* processing step
+    when the state should be set to stopped as expected.
+    */
+    #if 0
     /* Fire any callbacks or events. */
     if (atEnd) {
         if (pSound->endCallback != NULL) {
             pSound->endCallback(pSound->pEndCallbackUserData, pSound);
         }
     }
+    #endif
 }
 
 static ma_bool32 ma_sound_get_at_end(const ma_sound* pSound)
@@ -74812,6 +76561,7 @@ MA_API ma_engine_node_config ma_engine_node_config_init(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_e
     config.isPitchDisabled          = (flags & MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_PITCH) != 0;
     config.isSpatializationDisabled = (flags & MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_SPATIALIZATION) != 0;
     config.monoExpansionMode        = pEngine->monoExpansionMode;
+    config.resampling               = pEngine->pitchResamplingConfig;
 
     return config;
 }
@@ -74838,7 +76588,7 @@ static void ma_engine_node_update_pitch_if_required(ma_engine_node* pEngineNode)
 
     if (isUpdateRequired) {
         float basePitch = (float)pEngineNode->sampleRate / ma_engine_get_sample_rate(pEngineNode->pEngine);
-        ma_linear_resampler_set_rate_ratio(&pEngineNode->resampler, basePitch * pEngineNode->oldPitch * pEngineNode->oldDopplerPitch);
+        ma_resampler_set_rate_ratio(&pEngineNode->resampler, basePitch * pEngineNode->oldPitch * pEngineNode->oldDopplerPitch);
     }
 }
 
@@ -74857,22 +76607,6 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_engine_node_is_spatialization_enabled(const ma_engine_node*
     return !ma_atomic_load_explicit_32(&pEngineNode->isSpatializationDisabled, ma_atomic_memory_order_acquire);
 }
 
-static ma_uint64 ma_engine_node_get_required_input_frame_count(const ma_engine_node* pEngineNode, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount)
-{
-    ma_uint64 inputFrameCount = 0;
-
-    if (ma_engine_node_is_pitching_enabled(pEngineNode)) {
-        ma_result result = ma_linear_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(&pEngineNode->resampler, outputFrameCount, &inputFrameCount);
-        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            inputFrameCount = 0;
-        }
-    } else {
-        inputFrameCount = outputFrameCount;    /* No resampling, so 1:1. */
-    }
-
-    return inputFrameCount;
-}
-
 static ma_result ma_engine_node_set_volume(ma_engine_node* pEngineNode, float volume)
 {
     if (pEngineNode == NULL) {
@@ -75014,7 +76748,7 @@ static void ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__general(ma_engine_node* pEngineNo
             ma_uint64 resampleFrameCountIn  = framesAvailableIn;
             ma_uint64 resampleFrameCountOut = framesAvailableOut;
 
-            ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pEngineNode->resampler, pRunningFramesIn, &resampleFrameCountIn, pWorkingBuffer, &resampleFrameCountOut);
+            ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pEngineNode->resampler, pRunningFramesIn, &resampleFrameCountIn, pWorkingBuffer, &resampleFrameCountOut);
             isWorkingBufferValid = MA_TRUE;
 
             framesJustProcessedIn  = (ma_uint32)resampleFrameCountIn;
@@ -75138,6 +76872,11 @@ static void ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__sound(ma_node* pNode, const float
     /* If we're marked at the end we need to stop the sound and do nothing. */
     if (ma_sound_at_end(pSound)) {
         ma_sound_stop(pSound);
+
+        if (pSound->endCallback != NULL) {
+            pSound->endCallback(pSound->pEndCallbackUserData, pSound);
+        }
+
         *pFrameCountOut = 0;
         return;
     }
@@ -75175,55 +76914,74 @@ static void ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__sound(ma_node* pNode, const float
         /* Keep reading until we've read as much as was requested or we reach the end of the data source. */
         while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
             ma_uint32 framesRemaining = frameCount - totalFramesRead;
-            ma_uint32 framesToRead;
             ma_uint64 framesJustRead;
             ma_uint32 frameCountIn;
             ma_uint32 frameCountOut;
             const float* pRunningFramesIn;
             float* pRunningFramesOut;
 
-            /*
-            The first thing we need to do is read into the temporary buffer. We can calculate exactly
-            how many input frames we'll need after resampling.
-            */
-            framesToRead = (ma_uint32)ma_engine_node_get_required_input_frame_count(&pSound->engineNode, framesRemaining);
-            if (framesToRead > tempCapInFrames) {
-                framesToRead = tempCapInFrames;
-            }
+            /* If there's any input frames sitting in the cache get those processed first. */
+            if (pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining > 0) {
+                pRunningFramesIn = pSound->pProcessingCache;
+                frameCountIn = pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining;
 
-            result = ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pSound->pDataSource, temp, framesToRead, &framesJustRead);
+                pRunningFramesOut = ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr_f32(ppFramesOut[0], totalFramesRead, ma_node_get_output_channels(pNode, 0));
+                frameCountOut = framesRemaining;
 
-            /* If we reached the end of the sound we'll want to mark it as at the end and stop it. This should never be returned for looping sounds. */
-            if (result == MA_AT_END) {
-                ma_sound_set_at_end(pSound, MA_TRUE);   /* This will be set to false in ma_sound_start(). */
-            }
+                ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__general(&pSound->engineNode, &pRunningFramesIn, &frameCountIn, &pRunningFramesOut, &frameCountOut);
 
-            pRunningFramesOut = ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr_f32(ppFramesOut[0], totalFramesRead, ma_node_get_output_channels(pNode, 0));
+                MA_ASSERT(frameCountIn <= pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining);
+                pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining -= frameCountIn;
 
-            frameCountIn = (ma_uint32)framesJustRead;
-            frameCountOut = framesRemaining;
+                /* Move any remaining data in the cache down. */
+                if (pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining > 0) {
+                    MA_MOVE_MEMORY(pSound->pProcessingCache, ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr_f32(pSound->pProcessingCache, frameCountIn, dataSourceChannels), pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(ma_format_f32, dataSourceChannels));
+                }
+                
+                totalFramesRead += (ma_uint32)frameCountOut;   /* Safe cast. */
 
-            /* Convert if necessary. */
-            if (dataSourceFormat == ma_format_f32) {
-                /* Fast path. No data conversion necessary. */
-                pRunningFramesIn = (float*)temp;
-                ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__general(&pSound->engineNode, &pRunningFramesIn, &frameCountIn, &pRunningFramesOut, &frameCountOut);
+                if (result != MA_SUCCESS || ma_sound_at_end(pSound)) {
+                    break;  /* Might have reached the end. */
+                }
             } else {
-                /* Slow path. Need to do sample format conversion to f32. If we give the f32 buffer the same count as the first temp buffer, we're guaranteed it'll be large enough. */
-                float tempf32[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE]; /* Do not do `MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE/sizeof(float)` here like we've done in other places. */
-                ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(tempf32, ma_format_f32, temp, dataSourceFormat, framesJustRead, dataSourceChannels, ma_dither_mode_none);
+                /* Getting here means there's nothing in the cache. Read more data from the data source. */
+                if (dataSourceFormat == ma_format_f32) {
+                    /* Fast path. No conversion to f32 necessary. */
+                    result = ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pSound->pDataSource, pSound->pProcessingCache, pSound->processingCacheCap, &framesJustRead);
+                } else {
+                    /* Slow path. Need to convert to f32. */
+                    ma_uint64 totalFramesConverted = 0;
+
+                    while (totalFramesConverted < pSound->processingCacheCap) {
+                        ma_uint64 framesConverted;
+                        ma_uint32 framesToConvertThisIteration = pSound->processingCacheCap - (ma_uint32)totalFramesConverted;
+                        if (framesToConvertThisIteration > tempCapInFrames) {
+                            framesToConvertThisIteration = tempCapInFrames;
+                        }
 
-                /* Now that we have our samples in f32 format we can process like normal. */
-                pRunningFramesIn = tempf32;
-                ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__general(&pSound->engineNode, &pRunningFramesIn, &frameCountIn, &pRunningFramesOut, &frameCountOut);
-            }
+                        result = ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pSound->pDataSource, temp, framesToConvertThisIteration, &framesConverted);
+                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+                            break;
+                        }
 
-            /* We should have processed all of our input frames since we calculated the required number of input frames at the top. */
-            MA_ASSERT(frameCountIn == framesJustRead);
-            totalFramesRead += (ma_uint32)frameCountOut;   /* Safe cast. */
+                        ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr_f32(pSound->pProcessingCache, totalFramesConverted, dataSourceChannels), ma_format_f32, temp, dataSourceFormat, framesConverted, dataSourceChannels, ma_dither_mode_none);
+                        totalFramesConverted += framesConverted;
+                    }
 
-            if (result != MA_SUCCESS || ma_sound_at_end(pSound)) {
-                break;  /* Might have reached the end. */
+                    framesJustRead = totalFramesConverted;
+                }
+
+                MA_ASSERT(framesJustRead <= pSound->processingCacheCap);
+                pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining = (ma_uint32)framesJustRead;
+
+                /* If we reached the end of the sound we'll want to mark it as at the end and stop it. This should never be returned for looping sounds. */
+                if (result == MA_AT_END) {
+                    ma_sound_set_at_end(pSound, MA_TRUE);   /* This will be set to false in ma_sound_start(). */
+                }
+
+                if (result != MA_SUCCESS || ma_sound_at_end(pSound)) {
+                    break;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -75246,25 +77004,6 @@ static void ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__group(ma_node* pNode, const float
     ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__general((ma_engine_node*)pNode, ppFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, ppFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
 }
 
-static ma_result ma_engine_node_get_required_input_frame_count__group(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputFrameCount, ma_uint32* pInputFrameCount)
-{
-    ma_uint64 inputFrameCount;
-
-    MA_ASSERT(pInputFrameCount != NULL);
-
-    /* Our pitch will affect this calculation. We need to update it. */
-    ma_engine_node_update_pitch_if_required((ma_engine_node*)pNode);
-
-    inputFrameCount = ma_engine_node_get_required_input_frame_count((ma_engine_node*)pNode, outputFrameCount);
-    if (inputFrameCount > 0xFFFFFFFF) {
-        inputFrameCount = 0xFFFFFFFF;    /* Will never happen because miniaudio will only ever process in relatively small chunks. */
-    }
-
-    *pInputFrameCount = (ma_uint32)inputFrameCount;
-
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
-}
-
 
 static ma_node_vtable g_ma_engine_node_vtable__sound =
 {
@@ -75278,7 +77017,7 @@ static ma_node_vtable g_ma_engine_node_vtable__sound =
 static ma_node_vtable g_ma_engine_node_vtable__group =
 {
     ma_engine_node_process_pcm_frames__group,
-    ma_engine_node_get_required_input_frame_count__group,
+    NULL,   /* onGetRequiredInputFrameCount */
     1,      /* Groups have one input bus. */
     1,      /* Groups have one output bus. */
     MA_NODE_FLAG_DIFFERENT_PROCESSING_RATES /* The engine node does resampling so should let miniaudio know about it. */
@@ -75324,9 +77063,10 @@ static ma_result ma_engine_node_get_heap_layout(const ma_engine_node_config* pCo
     ma_result result;
     size_t tempHeapSize;
     ma_node_config baseNodeConfig;
-    ma_linear_resampler_config resamplerConfig;
+    ma_resampler_config resamplerConfig;
     ma_spatializer_config spatializerConfig;
     ma_gainer_config gainerConfig;
+    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
     ma_uint32 channelsIn;
     ma_uint32 channelsOut;
     ma_channel defaultStereoChannelMap[2] = {MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT, MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT};  /* <-- Consistent with the default channel map of a stereo listener. Means channel conversion can run on a fast path. */
@@ -75345,6 +77085,7 @@ static ma_result ma_engine_node_get_heap_layout(const ma_engine_node_config* pCo
 
     pHeapLayout->sizeInBytes = 0;
 
+    sampleRate  = (pConfig->sampleRate   > 0) ? pConfig->sampleRate  : ma_engine_get_sample_rate(pConfig->pEngine);
     channelsIn  = (pConfig->channelsIn  != 0) ? pConfig->channelsIn  : ma_engine_get_channels(pConfig->pEngine);
     channelsOut = (pConfig->channelsOut != 0) ? pConfig->channelsOut : ma_engine_get_channels(pConfig->pEngine);
 
@@ -75364,10 +77105,13 @@ static ma_result ma_engine_node_get_heap_layout(const ma_engine_node_config* pCo
 
 
     /* Resmapler. */
-    resamplerConfig = ma_linear_resampler_config_init(ma_format_f32, channelsIn, 1, 1); /* Input and output sample rates don't affect the calculation of the heap size. */
-    resamplerConfig.lpfOrder = 0;
+    resamplerConfig = pConfig->resampling;
+    resamplerConfig.format        = ma_format_f32;
+    resamplerConfig.channels      = channelsIn;
+    resamplerConfig.sampleRateIn  = sampleRate;
+    resamplerConfig.sampleRateOut = ma_engine_get_sample_rate(pConfig->pEngine);
 
-    result = ma_linear_resampler_get_heap_size(&resamplerConfig, &tempHeapSize);
+    result = ma_resampler_get_heap_size(&resamplerConfig, &tempHeapSize);
     if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return result;  /* Failed to retrieve the size of the heap for the resampler. */
     }
@@ -75435,7 +77179,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_engine_node_init_preallocated(const ma_engine_node_config* p
     ma_result result;
     ma_engine_node_heap_layout heapLayout;
     ma_node_config baseNodeConfig;
-    ma_linear_resampler_config resamplerConfig;
+    ma_resampler_config resamplerConfig;
     ma_fader_config faderConfig;
     ma_spatializer_config spatializerConfig;
     ma_panner_config pannerConfig;
@@ -75510,10 +77254,13 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_engine_node_init_preallocated(const ma_engine_node_config* p
     */
 
     /* We'll always do resampling first. */
-    resamplerConfig = ma_linear_resampler_config_init(ma_format_f32, baseNodeConfig.pInputChannels[0], pEngineNode->sampleRate, ma_engine_get_sample_rate(pEngineNode->pEngine));
-    resamplerConfig.lpfOrder = 0;    /* <-- Need to disable low-pass filtering for pitch shifting for now because there's cases where the biquads are becoming unstable. Need to figure out a better fix for this. */
+    resamplerConfig = pConfig->resampling;
+    resamplerConfig.format        = ma_format_f32;
+    resamplerConfig.channels      = baseNodeConfig.pInputChannels[0];
+    resamplerConfig.sampleRateIn  = pEngineNode->sampleRate;
+    resamplerConfig.sampleRateOut = ma_engine_get_sample_rate(pEngineNode->pEngine);
 
-    result = ma_linear_resampler_init_preallocated(&resamplerConfig, ma_offset_ptr(pHeap, heapLayout.resamplerOffset), &pEngineNode->resampler);
+    result = ma_resampler_init_preallocated(&resamplerConfig, ma_offset_ptr(pHeap, heapLayout.resamplerOffset), &pEngineNode->resampler);
     if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
         goto error1;
     }
@@ -75572,7 +77319,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_engine_node_init_preallocated(const ma_engine_node_config* p
 
     /* No need for allocation callbacks here because we use a preallocated heap. */
 error3: ma_spatializer_uninit(&pEngineNode->spatializer, NULL);
-error2: ma_linear_resampler_uninit(&pEngineNode->resampler, NULL);
+error2: ma_resampler_uninit(&pEngineNode->resampler, NULL);
 error1: ma_node_uninit(&pEngineNode->baseNode, NULL);
 error0: return result;
 }
@@ -75621,7 +77368,7 @@ MA_API void ma_engine_node_uninit(ma_engine_node* pEngineNode, const ma_allocati
     }
 
     ma_spatializer_uninit(&pEngineNode->spatializer, pAllocationCallbacks);
-    ma_linear_resampler_uninit(&pEngineNode->resampler, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    ma_resampler_uninit(&pEngineNode->resampler, pAllocationCallbacks);
 
     /* Free the heap last. */
     if (pEngineNode->_ownsHeap) {
@@ -75643,8 +77390,12 @@ MA_API ma_sound_config ma_sound_config_init_2(ma_engine* pEngine)
 
     if (pEngine != NULL) {
         config.monoExpansionMode = pEngine->monoExpansionMode;
+        config.pitchResampling = pEngine->pitchResamplingConfig;
     } else {
         config.monoExpansionMode = ma_mono_expansion_mode_default;
+
+        config.pitchResampling = ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format_f32, 0, 0, 0, ma_resample_algorithm_linear);
+        config.pitchResampling.linear.lpfOrder = 0; /* <-- Need to disable low-pass filtering for pitch shifting for now because there's cases where the biquads are becoming unstable. Need to figure out a better fix for this. */
     }
 
     config.rangeEndInPCMFrames     = ~((ma_uint64)0);
@@ -75666,8 +77417,12 @@ MA_API ma_sound_group_config ma_sound_group_config_init_2(ma_engine* pEngine)
 
     if (pEngine != NULL) {
         config.monoExpansionMode = pEngine->monoExpansionMode;
+        config.pitchResampling   = pEngine->pitchResamplingConfig;
     } else {
         config.monoExpansionMode = ma_mono_expansion_mode_default;
+
+        config.pitchResampling = ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format_f32, 0, 0, 0, ma_resample_algorithm_linear);
+        config.pitchResampling.linear.lpfOrder = 0; /* <-- Need to disable low-pass filtering for pitch shifting for now because there's cases where the biquads are becoming unstable. Need to figure out a better fix for this. */
     }
 
     return config;
@@ -75679,8 +77434,12 @@ MA_API ma_engine_config ma_engine_config_init(void)
     ma_engine_config config;
 
     MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
-    config.listenerCount     = 1;   /* Always want at least one listener. */
-    config.monoExpansionMode = ma_mono_expansion_mode_default;
+    config.listenerCount             = 1;   /* Always want at least one listener. */
+    config.monoExpansionMode         = ma_mono_expansion_mode_default;
+    config.resourceManagerResampling = ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format_unknown, 0, 0, 0, ma_resample_algorithm_linear);
+
+    config.pitchResampling = ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format_f32, 0, 0, 0, ma_resample_algorithm_linear);
+    config.pitchResampling.linear.lpfOrder = 0; /* <-- Need to disable low-pass filtering for pitch shifting for now because there's cases where the biquads are becoming unstable. Need to figure out a better fix for this. */
 
     return config;
 }
@@ -75761,6 +77520,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_engine_init(const ma_engine_config* pConfig, ma_engine* pEng
     pEngine->defaultVolumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames = engineConfig.defaultVolumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames;
     pEngine->onProcess = engineConfig.onProcess;
     pEngine->pProcessUserData = engineConfig.pProcessUserData;
+    pEngine->pitchResamplingConfig = engineConfig.pitchResampling;
     ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&pEngine->allocationCallbacks, &engineConfig.allocationCallbacks);
 
     #if !defined(MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER)
@@ -75943,6 +77703,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_engine_init(const ma_engine_config* pConfig, ma_engine* pEng
             resourceManagerConfig.decodedSampleRate = ma_engine_get_sample_rate(pEngine);
             ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&resourceManagerConfig.allocationCallbacks, &pEngine->allocationCallbacks);
             resourceManagerConfig.pVFS              = engineConfig.pResourceManagerVFS;
+            resourceManagerConfig.resampling        = engineConfig.resourceManagerResampling;
 
             /* The Emscripten build cannot use threads unless it's targeting pthreads. */
             #if defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN) && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN_PTHREADS__)
@@ -76668,13 +78429,32 @@ static ma_result ma_sound_init_from_data_source_internal(ma_engine* pEngine, con
     }
 
 
+    /*
+    When pulling data from a data source we need a processing cache to hold onto unprocessed input data from the data source
+    after doing resampling.
+    */
+    if (pSound->pDataSource != NULL) {
+        pSound->processingCacheFramesRemaining = 0;
+        pSound->processingCacheCap = ma_node_graph_get_processing_size_in_frames(&pEngine->nodeGraph);
+        if (pSound->processingCacheCap == 0) {
+            pSound->processingCacheCap = 512;
+        }
+        
+        pSound->pProcessingCache = (float*)ma_calloc(pSound->processingCacheCap * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(ma_format_f32, engineNodeConfig.channelsIn), &pEngine->allocationCallbacks);
+        if (pSound->pProcessingCache == NULL) {
+            ma_engine_node_uninit(&pSound->engineNode, &pEngine->allocationCallbacks);
+            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+        }
+    }
+
+
     /* Apply initial range and looping state to the data source if applicable. */
     if (pConfig->rangeBegInPCMFrames != 0 || pConfig->rangeEndInPCMFrames != ~((ma_uint64)0)) {
         ma_data_source_set_range_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound_get_data_source(pSound), pConfig->rangeBegInPCMFrames, pConfig->rangeEndInPCMFrames);
     }
 
     if (pConfig->loopPointBegInPCMFrames != 0 || pConfig->loopPointEndInPCMFrames != ~((ma_uint64)0)) {
-        ma_data_source_set_range_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound_get_data_source(pSound), pConfig->loopPointBegInPCMFrames, pConfig->loopPointEndInPCMFrames);
+        ma_data_source_set_loop_point_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound_get_data_source(pSound), pConfig->loopPointBegInPCMFrames, pConfig->loopPointEndInPCMFrames);
     }
 
     ma_sound_set_looping(pSound, pConfig->isLooping || ((pConfig->flags & MA_SOUND_FLAG_LOOPING) != 0));
@@ -76736,6 +78516,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_init_from_file_internal(ma_engine* pEngine, const ma_s
 
         result = ma_resource_manager_data_source_init_ex(pEngine->pResourceManager, &resourceManagerDataSourceConfig, pSound->pResourceManagerDataSource);
         if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            ma_free(pSound->pResourceManagerDataSource, &pEngine->allocationCallbacks);
             goto done;
         }
 
@@ -76904,6 +78685,11 @@ MA_API void ma_sound_uninit(ma_sound* pSound)
     */
     ma_engine_node_uninit(&pSound->engineNode, &pSound->engineNode.pEngine->allocationCallbacks);
 
+    if (pSound->pProcessingCache != NULL) {
+        ma_free(pSound->pProcessingCache, &pSound->engineNode.pEngine->allocationCallbacks);
+        pSound->pProcessingCache = NULL;
+    }
+
     /* Once the sound is detached from the group we can guarantee that it won't be referenced by the mixer thread which means it's safe for us to destroy the data source. */
 #ifndef MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
     if (pSound->ownsDataSource) {
@@ -76999,6 +78785,27 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, ma_ui
     return ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_pcm_frames(pSound, (fadeLengthInMilliseconds * sampleRate) / 1000);
 }
 
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_start_time(ma_sound* pSound)
+{
+    ma_sound_set_start_time_in_pcm_frames(pSound, 0);
+}
+
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_stop_time(ma_sound* pSound)
+{
+    ma_sound_set_stop_time_in_pcm_frames(pSound, ~(ma_uint64)0);
+}
+
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_fade(ma_sound* pSound)
+{
+    ma_sound_set_fade_in_pcm_frames(pSound, 0, 1, 0);
+}
+
+MA_API void ma_sound_reset_stop_time_and_fade(ma_sound* pSound)
+{
+    ma_sound_reset_stop_time(pSound);
+    ma_sound_reset_fade(pSound);
+}
+
 MA_API void ma_sound_set_volume(ma_sound* pSound, float volume)
 {
     if (pSound == NULL) {
@@ -77541,7 +79348,12 @@ MA_API ma_uint64 ma_sound_get_time_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound)
 
 MA_API ma_uint64 ma_sound_get_time_in_milliseconds(const ma_sound* pSound)
 {
-    return ma_sound_get_time_in_pcm_frames(pSound) * 1000 / ma_engine_get_sample_rate(ma_sound_get_engine(pSound));
+    ma_uint32 sampleRate = ma_engine_get_sample_rate(ma_sound_get_engine(pSound));
+    if (sampleRate == 0) {
+        return 0;   /* Prevent a division by zero. */
+    }
+
+    return ma_sound_get_time_in_pcm_frames(pSound) * 1000 / sampleRate;
 }
 
 MA_API void ma_sound_set_looping(ma_sound* pSound, ma_bool32 isLooping)
@@ -77625,7 +79437,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_seek_to_second(ma_sound* pSound, float seekPointInSeco
     return ma_sound_seek_to_pcm_frame(pSound, frameIndex);
 }
 
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_data_format(ma_sound* pSound, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap)
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_data_format(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap)
 {
     if (pSound == NULL) {
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
@@ -77645,7 +79457,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_data_format(ma_sound* pSound, ma_format* pFormat,
         }
 
         if (pSampleRate != NULL) {
-            *pSampleRate = pSound->engineNode.resampler.config.sampleRateIn;
+            *pSampleRate = pSound->engineNode.resampler.sampleRateIn;
         }
 
         if (pChannelMap != NULL) {
@@ -77658,7 +79470,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_data_format(ma_sound* pSound, ma_format* pFormat,
     }
 }
 
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pCursor)
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pCursor)
 {
     ma_uint64 seekTarget;
 
@@ -77680,7 +79492,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64*
     }
 }
 
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pLength)
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pLength)
 {
     if (pSound == NULL) {
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
@@ -77694,7 +79506,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64*
     return ma_data_source_get_length_in_pcm_frames(pSound->pDataSource, pLength);
 }
 
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_seconds(ma_sound* pSound, float* pCursor)
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_seconds(const ma_sound* pSound, float* pCursor)
 {
     ma_result result;
     ma_uint64 cursorInPCMFrames;
@@ -77720,7 +79532,7 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_seconds(ma_sound* pSound, float* pCursor
     return MA_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_seconds(ma_sound* pSound, float* pLength)
+MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_seconds(const ma_sound* pSound, float* pLength)
 {
     if (pSound == NULL) {
         return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
@@ -78539,12 +80351,12 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__seek_forward(ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_uint
     ma_uint64 bytesRemainingToSeek = offset;
     while (bytesRemainingToSeek > 0) {
         if (bytesRemainingToSeek > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
-            if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             bytesRemainingToSeek -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
         } else {
-            if (!onSeek(pUserData, (int)bytesRemainingToSeek, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!onSeek(pUserData, (int)bytesRemainingToSeek, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             bytesRemainingToSeek = 0;
@@ -78555,17 +80367,17 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__seek_forward(ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_uint
 MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__seek_from_start(ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_uint64 offset, void* pUserData)
 {
     if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
-        return onSeek(pUserData, (int)offset, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start);
+        return onSeek(pUserData, (int)offset, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET);
     }
-    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
     for (;;) {
         if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
-            return onSeek(pUserData, (int)offset, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current);
+            return onSeek(pUserData, (int)offset, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR);
         }
-        if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current)) {
+        if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR)) {
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
         offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
@@ -78588,7 +80400,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__on_seek(ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserD
     if (!onSeek(pUserData, offset, origin)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    if (origin == ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start) {
+    if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET) {
         *pCursor = offset;
     } else {
         *pCursor += offset;
@@ -78707,12 +80519,12 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav__read_smpl_to_metadata_obj(ma_dr_wav__metadata_pa
                 ma_uint8 smplLoopData[MA_DR_WAV_SMPL_LOOP_BYTES];
                 bytesJustRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_parser_read(pParser, smplLoopData, sizeof(smplLoopData), &totalBytesRead);
                 if (bytesJustRead == sizeof(smplLoopData)) {
-                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].cuePointId            = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 0);
-                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].type                  = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 4);
-                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].firstSampleByteOffset = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 8);
-                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].lastSampleByteOffset  = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 12);
-                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].sampleFraction        = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 16);
-                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].playCount             = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 20);
+                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].cuePointId        = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 0);
+                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].type              = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 4);
+                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].firstSampleOffset = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 8);
+                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].lastSampleOffset  = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 12);
+                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].sampleFraction    = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 16);
+                    pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iSampleLoop].playCount         = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData + 20);
                 } else {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -78756,7 +80568,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav__read_cue_to_metadata_obj(ma_dr_wav__metadata_par
                         pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].dataChunkId[3]    = cuePointData[11];
                         pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].chunkStart        = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(cuePointData + 12);
                         pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].blockStart        = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(cuePointData + 16);
-                        pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].sampleByteOffset  = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(cuePointData + 20);
+                        pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].sampleOffset      = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32(cuePointData + 20);
                     } else {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -79096,7 +80908,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_chunk(ma_dr_wav__metadata_parse
             if (pParser->stage == ma_dr_wav__metadata_parser_stage_count) {
                 ma_uint8 buffer[4];
                 size_t bytesJustRead;
-                if (!pParser->onSeek(pParser->pReadSeekUserData, 28, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current)) {
+                if (!pParser->onSeek(pParser->pReadSeekUserData, 28, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR)) {
                     return bytesRead;
                 }
                 bytesRead += 28;
@@ -79191,7 +81003,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_chunk(ma_dr_wav__metadata_parse
                     return bytesRead;
                 }
                 allocSizeNeeded += ma_dr_wav__strlen(buffer) + 1;
-                allocSizeNeeded += (size_t)pChunkHeader->sizeInBytes - MA_DR_WAV_BEXT_BYTES;
+                allocSizeNeeded += (size_t)pChunkHeader->sizeInBytes - MA_DR_WAV_BEXT_BYTES + 1;
                 ma_dr_wav__metadata_request_extra_memory_for_stage_2(pParser, allocSizeNeeded, 1);
                 pParser->metadataCount += 1;
             } else {
@@ -79274,6 +81086,16 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_chunk(ma_dr_wav__metadata_parse
                 subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_info_text_chunk(pParser, subchunkDataSize,  ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_album);
             } else if (ma_dr_wav__chunk_matches(allowedMetadataTypes, subchunkId, ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_tracknumber, "ITRK")) {
                 subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_info_text_chunk(pParser, subchunkDataSize,  ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_tracknumber);
+            } else if (ma_dr_wav__chunk_matches(allowedMetadataTypes, subchunkId, ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_location, "IARL")) {
+                subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_info_text_chunk(pParser, subchunkDataSize,  ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_location);
+            } else if (ma_dr_wav__chunk_matches(allowedMetadataTypes, subchunkId, ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_organization, "ICMS")) {
+                subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_info_text_chunk(pParser, subchunkDataSize,  ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_organization);
+            } else if (ma_dr_wav__chunk_matches(allowedMetadataTypes, subchunkId, ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_keywords, "IKEY")) {
+                subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_info_text_chunk(pParser, subchunkDataSize,  ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_keywords);
+            } else if (ma_dr_wav__chunk_matches(allowedMetadataTypes, subchunkId, ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_medium, "IMED")) {
+                subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_info_text_chunk(pParser, subchunkDataSize,  ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_medium);
+            } else if (ma_dr_wav__chunk_matches(allowedMetadataTypes, subchunkId, ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_description, "ISBJ")) {
+                subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_info_text_chunk(pParser, subchunkDataSize,  ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_description);
             } else if ((allowedMetadataTypes & ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_unknown) != 0) {
                 subchunkBytesRead = ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_unknown_chunk(pParser, subchunkId, subchunkDataSize, listType);
             }
@@ -79281,13 +81103,13 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav__metadata_process_chunk(ma_dr_wav__metadata_parse
             MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(subchunkBytesRead <= subchunkDataSize);
             if (subchunkBytesRead < subchunkDataSize) {
                 ma_uint64 bytesToSeek = subchunkDataSize - subchunkBytesRead;
-                if (!pParser->onSeek(pParser->pReadSeekUserData, (int)bytesToSeek, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current)) {
+                if (!pParser->onSeek(pParser->pReadSeekUserData, (int)bytesToSeek, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR)) {
                     break;
                 }
                 bytesRead += bytesToSeek;
             }
             if ((subchunkDataSize % 2) == 1) {
-                if (!pParser->onSeek(pParser->pReadSeekUserData, 1, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current)) {
+                if (!pParser->onSeek(pParser->pReadSeekUserData, 1, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR)) {
                     break;
                 }
                 bytesRead += 1;
@@ -79324,7 +81146,7 @@ MA_API ma_uint16 ma_dr_wav_fmt_get_format(const ma_dr_wav_fmt* pFMT)
         return ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u16(pFMT->subFormat);
     }
 }
-MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_preinit(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pReadSeekUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_preinit(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     if (pWav == NULL || onRead == NULL || onSeek == NULL) {
         return MA_FALSE;
@@ -79332,7 +81154,8 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_preinit(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRe
     MA_DR_WAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pWav, sizeof(*pWav));
     pWav->onRead    = onRead;
     pWav->onSeek    = onSeek;
-    pWav->pUserData = pReadSeekUserData;
+    pWav->onTell    = onTell;
+    pWav->pUserData = pReadSeekTellUserData;
     pWav->allocationCallbacks = ma_dr_wav_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pWav->allocationCallbacks.onFree == NULL || (pWav->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc == NULL && pWav->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc == NULL)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
@@ -79546,14 +81369,14 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init__internal(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_chunk_p
                         fmt.channelMask        = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32_ex(fmtext + 2, pWav->container);
                         ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_guid(fmtext + 6, fmt.subFormat);
                     } else {
-                        if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, fmt.extendedSize, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current) == MA_FALSE) {
+                        if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, fmt.extendedSize, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) == MA_FALSE) {
                             return MA_FALSE;
                         }
                     }
                     cursor += fmt.extendedSize;
                     bytesReadSoFar += fmt.extendedSize;
                 }
-                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)(header.sizeInBytes - bytesReadSoFar), ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current) == MA_FALSE) {
+                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)(header.sizeInBytes - bytesReadSoFar), MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) == MA_FALSE) {
                     return MA_FALSE;
                 }
                 cursor += (header.sizeInBytes - bytesReadSoFar);
@@ -79704,15 +81527,26 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init__internal(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_chunk_p
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             offset = ma_dr_wav_bytes_to_u32_ex(offsetAndBlockSizeData + 0, pWav->container);
-            if (ma_dr_wav__seek_forward(pWav->onSeek, offset, pWav->pUserData) == MA_FALSE) {
-                return MA_FALSE;
-            }
-            cursor += offset;
-            pWav->dataChunkDataPos = cursor;
+            pWav->dataChunkDataPos = cursor + offset;
             dataChunkSize = chunkSize;
-            if (sequential || !isProcessingMetadata) {
-                break;
+            if (dataChunkSize  > offset) {
+                dataChunkSize -= offset;
+            } else {
+                dataChunkSize = 0;
+            }
+            if (sequential) {
+                if (foundChunk_fmt) {
+                    if (ma_dr_wav__seek_forward(pWav->onSeek, offset, pWav->pUserData) == MA_FALSE) {
+                        return MA_FALSE;
+                    }
+                    cursor += offset;
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    return MA_FALSE;
+                }
             } else {
+                chunkSize += header.paddingSize;
+                chunkSize -= sizeof(offsetAndBlockSizeData);
                 if (ma_dr_wav__seek_forward(pWav->onSeek, chunkSize, pWav->pUserData) == MA_FALSE) {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -79776,6 +81610,17 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init__internal(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_chunk_p
         pWav->pMetadata     = metadataParser.pMetadata;
         pWav->metadataCount = metadataParser.metadataCount;
     }
+    if (pWav->onTell != NULL && pWav->onSeek != NULL) {
+        if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, 0, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_END) == MA_TRUE) {
+            ma_int64 fileSize;
+            if (pWav->onTell(pWav->pUserData, &fileSize)) {
+                if (dataChunkSize + pWav->dataChunkDataPos > (ma_uint64)fileSize) {
+                    dataChunkSize = (ma_uint64)fileSize - pWav->dataChunkDataPos;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+        }
+    }
     if (dataChunkSize == 0xFFFFFFFF && (pWav->container == ma_dr_wav_container_riff || pWav->container == ma_dr_wav_container_rifx) && pWav->isSequentialWrite == MA_FALSE) {
         dataChunkSize = 0;
         for (;;) {
@@ -79795,8 +81640,14 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init__internal(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_chunk_p
     pWav->sampleRate          = fmt.sampleRate;
     pWav->channels            = fmt.channels;
     pWav->bitsPerSample       = fmt.bitsPerSample;
-    pWav->bytesRemaining      = dataChunkSize;
     pWav->translatedFormatTag = translatedFormatTag;
+    if (!ma_dr_wav__is_compressed_format_tag(translatedFormatTag)) {
+        ma_uint32 bytesPerFrame = ma_dr_wav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
+        if (bytesPerFrame > 0) {
+            dataChunkSize -= (dataChunkSize % bytesPerFrame);
+        }
+    }
+    pWav->bytesRemaining      = dataChunkSize;
     pWav->dataChunkDataSize   = dataChunkSize;
     if (sampleCountFromFactChunk != 0) {
         pWav->totalPCMFrameCount = sampleCountFromFactChunk;
@@ -79851,20 +81702,20 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init__internal(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_chunk_p
 #endif
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    return ma_dr_wav_init_ex(pWav, onRead, onSeek, NULL, pUserData, NULL, 0, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    return ma_dr_wav_init_ex(pWav, onRead, onSeek, onTell, NULL, pUserData, NULL, 0, pAllocationCallbacks);
 }
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_ex(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pReadSeekUserData, void* pChunkUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_ex(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_wav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, void* pChunkUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, onRead, onSeek, pReadSeekUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, onRead, onSeek, onTell, pReadSeekTellUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     return ma_dr_wav_init__internal(pWav, onChunk, pChunkUserData, flags);
 }
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_with_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_with_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, onRead, onSeek, onTell, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     return ma_dr_wav_init__internal(pWav, NULL, NULL, flags | MA_DR_WAV_WITH_METADATA);
@@ -80026,8 +81877,8 @@ MA_PRIVATE size_t ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_
                 for (iLoop = 0; iLoop < pMetadata->data.smpl.sampleLoopCount; ++iLoop) {
                     bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].cuePointId);
                     bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].type);
-                    bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].firstSampleByteOffset);
-                    bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].lastSampleByteOffset);
+                    bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].firstSampleOffset);
+                    bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].lastSampleOffset);
                     bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].sampleFraction);
                     bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.smpl.pLoops[iLoop].playCount);
                 }
@@ -80061,7 +81912,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE size_t ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_
                     bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count(pWav, pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].dataChunkId, 4);
                     bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].chunkStart);
                     bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].blockStart);
-                    bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].sampleByteOffset);
+                    bytesWritten += ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_u32ne_to_le(pWav, pMetadata->data.cue.pCuePoints[iCuePoint].sampleOffset);
                 }
             } break;
             case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_acid:
@@ -80147,15 +81998,20 @@ MA_PRIVATE size_t ma_dr_wav__write_or_count_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_dr_wav_
             if (pMetadata->type & ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_all_info_strings) {
                 const char* pID = NULL;
                 switch (pMetadata->type) {
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_software:    pID = "ISFT"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_copyright:   pID = "ICOP"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_title:       pID = "INAM"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_artist:      pID = "IART"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_comment:     pID = "ICMT"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_date:        pID = "ICRD"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_genre:       pID = "IGNR"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_album:       pID = "IPRD"; break;
-                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_tracknumber: pID = "ITRK"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_software:     pID = "ISFT"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_copyright:    pID = "ICOP"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_title:        pID = "INAM"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_artist:       pID = "IART"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_comment:      pID = "ICMT"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_date:         pID = "ICRD"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_genre:        pID = "IGNR"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_album:        pID = "IPRD"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_tracknumber:  pID = "ITRK"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_location:     pID = "IARL"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_organization: pID = "ICMS"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_keywords:     pID = "IKEY"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_medium:       pID = "IMED"; break;
+                    case ma_dr_wav_metadata_type_list_info_description:  pID = "ISBJ"; break;
                     default: break;
                 }
                 MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pID != NULL);
@@ -80370,7 +82226,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_write__internal(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const ma_dr
     }
     pWav->dataChunkDataSizeTargetWrite = initialDataChunkSize;
     if (pFormat->container == ma_dr_wav_container_riff) {
-        ma_uint32 chunkSizeRIFF = 28 + (ma_uint32)initialDataChunkSize;
+        ma_uint32 chunkSizeRIFF = 36 + (ma_uint32)initialDataChunkSize;
         runningPos += ma_dr_wav__write(pWav, "RIFF", 4);
         runningPos += ma_dr_wav__write_u32ne_to_le(pWav, chunkSizeRIFF);
         runningPos += ma_dr_wav__write(pWav, "WAVE", 4);
@@ -80493,7 +82349,31 @@ MA_PRIVATE size_t ma_dr_wav__on_write_stdio(void* pUserData, const void* pData,
 }
 MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin origin)
 {
-    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, (origin == ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
+    int whence = SEEK_SET;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) {
+        whence = SEEK_CUR;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_END) {
+        whence = SEEK_END;
+    }
+    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, whence) == 0;
+}
+MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__on_tell_stdio(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    FILE* pFileStdio = (FILE*)pUserData;
+    ma_int64 result;
+    MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pFileStdio != NULL);
+    MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pCursor    != NULL);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(NXDK)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1200
+        result = _ftelli64(pFileStdio);
+    #else
+        result = ftell(pFileStdio);
+    #endif
+#else
+    result = ftell(pFileStdio);
+#endif
+    *pCursor = result;
+    return MA_TRUE;
 }
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_file(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const char* filename, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
@@ -80502,7 +82382,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_file(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const char* filename, cons
 MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_file__internal_FILE(ma_dr_wav* pWav, FILE* pFile, ma_dr_wav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_bool32 result;
-    result = ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, ma_dr_wav__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_wav__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    result = ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, ma_dr_wav__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_wav__on_seek_stdio, ma_dr_wav__on_tell_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (result != MA_TRUE) {
         fclose(pFile);
         return result;
@@ -80639,25 +82519,26 @@ MA_PRIVATE size_t ma_dr_wav__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, s
 MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__on_seek_memory(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin origin)
 {
     ma_dr_wav* pWav = (ma_dr_wav*)pUserData;
+    ma_int64 newCursor;
     MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
-    if (origin == ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current) {
-        if (offset > 0) {
-            if (pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos + offset > pWav->memoryStream.dataSize) {
-                return MA_FALSE;
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos < (size_t)-offset) {
-                return MA_FALSE;
-            }
-        }
-        pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos += offset;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET) {
+        newCursor = 0;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_END) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)pWav->memoryStream.dataSize;
     } else {
-        if ((ma_uint32)offset <= pWav->memoryStream.dataSize) {
-            pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos = offset;
-        } else {
-            return MA_FALSE;
-        }
+        MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(!"Invalid seek origin");
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    newCursor += offset;
+    if (newCursor < 0) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    if ((size_t)newCursor > pWav->memoryStream.dataSize) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
     }
+    pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos = (size_t)newCursor;
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
 MA_PRIVATE size_t ma_dr_wav__on_write_memory(void* pUserData, const void* pDataIn, size_t bytesToWrite)
@@ -80691,25 +82572,34 @@ MA_PRIVATE size_t ma_dr_wav__on_write_memory(void* pUserData, const void* pDataI
 MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__on_seek_memory_write(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin origin)
 {
     ma_dr_wav* pWav = (ma_dr_wav*)pUserData;
+    ma_int64 newCursor;
     MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
-    if (origin == ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current) {
-        if (offset > 0) {
-            if (pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos + offset > pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize) {
-                offset = (int)(pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize - pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos);
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos < (size_t)-offset) {
-                offset = -(int)pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos;
-            }
-        }
-        pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos += offset;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET) {
+        newCursor = 0;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_END) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize;
     } else {
-        if ((ma_uint32)offset <= pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize) {
-            pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos = offset;
-        } else {
-            pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos = pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize;
-        }
+        MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(!"Invalid seek origin");
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    newCursor += offset;
+    if (newCursor < 0) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    if ((size_t)newCursor > pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
     }
+    pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos = (size_t)newCursor;
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
+MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav__on_tell_memory(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    ma_dr_wav* pWav = (ma_dr_wav*)pUserData;
+    MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
+    MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);
+    *pCursor = (ma_int64)pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos;
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
 MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_memory(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const void* data, size_t dataSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
@@ -80721,7 +82611,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_memory_ex(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const void* data, siz
     if (data == NULL || dataSize == 0) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, ma_dr_wav__on_read_memory, ma_dr_wav__on_seek_memory, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, ma_dr_wav__on_read_memory, ma_dr_wav__on_seek_memory, ma_dr_wav__on_tell_memory, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     pWav->memoryStream.data = (const ma_uint8*)data;
@@ -80734,7 +82624,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_init_memory_with_metadata(ma_dr_wav* pWav, const void
     if (data == NULL || dataSize == 0) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, ma_dr_wav__on_read_memory, ma_dr_wav__on_seek_memory, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_wav_preinit(pWav, ma_dr_wav__on_read_memory, ma_dr_wav__on_seek_memory, ma_dr_wav__on_tell_memory, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     pWav->memoryStream.data = (const ma_uint8*)data;
@@ -80793,30 +82683,30 @@ MA_API ma_result ma_dr_wav_uninit(ma_dr_wav* pWav)
         }
         if (pWav->onSeek && !pWav->isSequentialWrite) {
             if (pWav->container == ma_dr_wav_container_riff) {
-                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, 4, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, 4, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
                     ma_uint32 riffChunkSize = ma_dr_wav__riff_chunk_size_riff(pWav->dataChunkDataSize, pWav->pMetadata, pWav->metadataCount);
                     ma_dr_wav__write_u32ne_to_le(pWav, riffChunkSize);
                 }
-                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos - 4, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos - 4, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
                     ma_uint32 dataChunkSize = ma_dr_wav__data_chunk_size_riff(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                     ma_dr_wav__write_u32ne_to_le(pWav, dataChunkSize);
                 }
             } else if (pWav->container == ma_dr_wav_container_w64) {
-                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, 16, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, 16, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
                     ma_uint64 riffChunkSize = ma_dr_wav__riff_chunk_size_w64(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                     ma_dr_wav__write_u64ne_to_le(pWav, riffChunkSize);
                 }
-                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos - 8, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos - 8, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
                     ma_uint64 dataChunkSize = ma_dr_wav__data_chunk_size_w64(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                     ma_dr_wav__write_u64ne_to_le(pWav, dataChunkSize);
                 }
             } else if (pWav->container == ma_dr_wav_container_rf64) {
                 int ds64BodyPos = 12 + 8;
-                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, ds64BodyPos + 0, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, ds64BodyPos + 0, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
                     ma_uint64 riffChunkSize = ma_dr_wav__riff_chunk_size_rf64(pWav->dataChunkDataSize, pWav->pMetadata, pWav->metadataCount);
                     ma_dr_wav__write_u64ne_to_le(pWav, riffChunkSize);
                 }
-                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, ds64BodyPos + 8, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, ds64BodyPos + 8, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
                     ma_uint64 dataChunkSize = ma_dr_wav__data_chunk_size_rf64(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                     ma_dr_wav__write_u64ne_to_le(pWav, dataChunkSize);
                 }
@@ -80863,7 +82753,7 @@ MA_API size_t ma_dr_wav_read_raw(ma_dr_wav* pWav, size_t bytesToRead, void* pBuf
             if (bytesToSeek > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
                 bytesToSeek = 0x7FFFFFFF;
             }
-            if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)bytesToSeek, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current) == MA_FALSE) {
+            if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)bytesToSeek, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR) == MA_FALSE) {
                 break;
             }
             bytesRead += bytesToSeek;
@@ -80962,7 +82852,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_seek_to_first_pcm_frame(ma_dr_wav* pWav)
     if (pWav->onWrite != NULL) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    if (!pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_start)) {
+    if (!pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_SET)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     if (ma_dr_wav__is_compressed_format_tag(pWav->translatedFormatTag)) {
@@ -81043,7 +82933,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_wav_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_uint64 targetFr
         }
         while (offset > 0) {
             int offset32 = ((offset > INT_MAX) ? INT_MAX : (int)offset);
-            if (!pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, offset32, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, offset32, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             pWav->readCursorInPCMFrames += offset32 / bytesPerFrame;
@@ -81169,12 +83059,12 @@ MA_API ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_write_pcm_frames(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_uint64 framesToW
 MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_uint64 framesToRead, ma_int16* pBufferOut)
 {
     ma_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
-    static ma_int32 adaptationTable[] = {
+    static const ma_int32 adaptationTable[] = {
         230, 230, 230, 230, 307, 409, 512, 614,
         768, 614, 512, 409, 307, 230, 230, 230
     };
-    static ma_int32 coeff1Table[] = { 256, 512, 0, 192, 240, 460,  392 };
-    static ma_int32 coeff2Table[] = { 0,  -256, 0, 64,  0,  -208, -232 };
+    static const ma_int32 coeff1Table[] = { 256, 512, 0, 192, 240, 460,  392 };
+    static const ma_int32 coeff2Table[] = { 0,  -256, 0, 64,  0,  -208, -232 };
     MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
     MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(framesToRead > 0);
     while (pWav->readCursorInPCMFrames < pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
@@ -81193,7 +83083,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_
                 pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[2]  = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0];
                 pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[3]  = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                 pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount = 2;
-                if (pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table)) {
+                if (pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table) || pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff2Table)) {
                     return totalFramesRead;
                 }
             } else {
@@ -81215,7 +83105,8 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_
                 pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[2] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                 pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[3] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][1];
                 pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount = 2;
-                if (pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table) || pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff2Table)) {
+                if (pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table) || pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff2Table) ||
+                    pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table) || pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff2Table)) {
                     return totalFramesRead;
                 }
             }
@@ -81252,6 +83143,9 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_
                 if (pWav->channels == 1) {
                     ma_int32 newSample0;
                     ma_int32 newSample1;
+                    if (pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table) || pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff2Table)) {
+                        return totalFramesRead;
+                    }
                     newSample0  = ((pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] * coeff1Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]]) + (pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] * coeff2Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]])) >> 8;
                     newSample0 += nibble0 * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0];
                     newSample0  = ma_dr_wav_clamp(newSample0, -32768, 32767);
@@ -81276,6 +83170,9 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_
                 } else {
                     ma_int32 newSample0;
                     ma_int32 newSample1;
+                    if (pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table) || pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff2Table)) {
+                        return totalFramesRead;
+                    }
                     newSample0  = ((pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] * coeff1Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]]) + (pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] * coeff2Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]])) >> 8;
                     newSample0 += nibble0 * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0];
                     newSample0  = ma_dr_wav_clamp(newSample0, -32768, 32767);
@@ -81285,6 +83182,9 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_
                     }
                     pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                     pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] = newSample0;
+                    if (pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff1Table) || pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(coeff2Table)) {
+                        return totalFramesRead;
+                    }
                     newSample1  = ((pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][1] * coeff1Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1]]) + (pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][0] * coeff2Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1]])) >> 8;
                     newSample1 += nibble1 * pWav->msadpcm.delta[1];
                     newSample1  = ma_dr_wav_clamp(newSample1, -32768, 32767);
@@ -81307,11 +83207,11 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_uint
 {
     ma_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
     ma_uint32 iChannel;
-    static ma_int32 indexTable[16] = {
+    static const ma_int32 indexTable[16] = {
         -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8,
         -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8
     };
-    static ma_int32 stepTable[89] = {
+    static const ma_int32 stepTable[89] = {
         7,     8,     9,     10,    11,    12,    13,    14,    16,    17,
         19,    21,    23,    25,    28,    31,    34,    37,    41,    45,
         50,    55,    60,    66,    73,    80,    88,    97,    107,   118,
@@ -81334,7 +83234,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_uint
                 }
                 pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = pWav->fmt.blockAlign - sizeof(header);
                 if (header[2] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(stepTable)) {
-                    pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current);
+                    pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR);
                     pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = 0;
                     return totalFramesRead;
                 }
@@ -81349,7 +83249,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_uint
                 }
                 pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = pWav->fmt.blockAlign - sizeof(header);
                 if (header[2] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(stepTable) || header[6] >= ma_dr_wav_countof(stepTable)) {
-                    pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock, ma_dr_wav_seek_origin_current);
+                    pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock, MA_DR_WAV_SEEK_CUR);
                     pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = 0;
                     return totalFramesRead;
                 }
@@ -81424,7 +83324,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_uint64 ma_dr_wav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(ma_dr_wav* pWav, ma_uint
     return totalFramesRead;
 }
 #ifndef MA_DR_WAV_NO_CONVERSION_API
-static unsigned short g_ma_dr_wavAlawTable[256] = {
+static const unsigned short ma_dr_wav_gAlawTable[256] = {
     0xEA80, 0xEB80, 0xE880, 0xE980, 0xEE80, 0xEF80, 0xEC80, 0xED80, 0xE280, 0xE380, 0xE080, 0xE180, 0xE680, 0xE780, 0xE480, 0xE580,
     0xF540, 0xF5C0, 0xF440, 0xF4C0, 0xF740, 0xF7C0, 0xF640, 0xF6C0, 0xF140, 0xF1C0, 0xF040, 0xF0C0, 0xF340, 0xF3C0, 0xF240, 0xF2C0,
     0xAA00, 0xAE00, 0xA200, 0xA600, 0xBA00, 0xBE00, 0xB200, 0xB600, 0x8A00, 0x8E00, 0x8200, 0x8600, 0x9A00, 0x9E00, 0x9200, 0x9600,
@@ -81442,7 +83342,7 @@ static unsigned short g_ma_dr_wavAlawTable[256] = {
     0x0560, 0x0520, 0x05E0, 0x05A0, 0x0460, 0x0420, 0x04E0, 0x04A0, 0x0760, 0x0720, 0x07E0, 0x07A0, 0x0660, 0x0620, 0x06E0, 0x06A0,
     0x02B0, 0x0290, 0x02F0, 0x02D0, 0x0230, 0x0210, 0x0270, 0x0250, 0x03B0, 0x0390, 0x03F0, 0x03D0, 0x0330, 0x0310, 0x0370, 0x0350
 };
-static unsigned short g_ma_dr_wavMulawTable[256] = {
+static const unsigned short ma_dr_wav_gMulawTable[256] = {
     0x8284, 0x8684, 0x8A84, 0x8E84, 0x9284, 0x9684, 0x9A84, 0x9E84, 0xA284, 0xA684, 0xAA84, 0xAE84, 0xB284, 0xB684, 0xBA84, 0xBE84,
     0xC184, 0xC384, 0xC584, 0xC784, 0xC984, 0xCB84, 0xCD84, 0xCF84, 0xD184, 0xD384, 0xD584, 0xD784, 0xD984, 0xDB84, 0xDD84, 0xDF84,
     0xE104, 0xE204, 0xE304, 0xE404, 0xE504, 0xE604, 0xE704, 0xE804, 0xE904, 0xEA04, 0xEB04, 0xEC04, 0xED04, 0xEE04, 0xEF04, 0xF004,
@@ -81462,11 +83362,11 @@ static unsigned short g_ma_dr_wavMulawTable[256] = {
 };
 static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_dr_wav__alaw_to_s16(ma_uint8 sampleIn)
 {
-    return (short)g_ma_dr_wavAlawTable[sampleIn];
+    return (short)ma_dr_wav_gAlawTable[sampleIn];
 }
 static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_dr_wav__mulaw_to_s16(ma_uint8 sampleIn)
 {
-    return (short)g_ma_dr_wavMulawTable[sampleIn];
+    return (short)ma_dr_wav_gMulawTable[sampleIn];
 }
 MA_PRIVATE void ma_dr_wav__pcm_to_s16(ma_int16* pOut, const ma_uint8* pIn, size_t totalSampleCount, unsigned int bytesPerSample)
 {
@@ -82529,6 +84429,10 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_int16* ma_dr_wav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s16(ma_dr_wav* pWav, u
     ma_int16* pSampleData;
     ma_uint64 framesRead;
     MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
+    if (pWav->channels == 0 || pWav->totalPCMFrameCount > MA_SIZE_MAX / pWav->channels / sizeof(ma_int16)) {
+        ma_dr_wav_uninit(pWav);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     sampleDataSize = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount * pWav->channels * sizeof(ma_int16);
     if (sampleDataSize > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
         ma_dr_wav_uninit(pWav);
@@ -82563,6 +84467,10 @@ MA_PRIVATE float* ma_dr_wav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_f32(ma_dr_wav* pWav, unsi
     float* pSampleData;
     ma_uint64 framesRead;
     MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
+    if (pWav->channels == 0 || pWav->totalPCMFrameCount > MA_SIZE_MAX / pWav->channels / sizeof(float)) {
+        ma_dr_wav_uninit(pWav);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     sampleDataSize = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount * pWav->channels * sizeof(float);
     if (sampleDataSize > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
         ma_dr_wav_uninit(pWav);
@@ -82597,6 +84505,10 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_int32* ma_dr_wav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(ma_dr_wav* pWav, u
     ma_int32* pSampleData;
     ma_uint64 framesRead;
     MA_DR_WAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
+    if (pWav->channels == 0 || pWav->totalPCMFrameCount > MA_SIZE_MAX / pWav->channels / sizeof(ma_int32)) {
+        ma_dr_wav_uninit(pWav);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     sampleDataSize = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount * pWav->channels * sizeof(ma_int32);
     if (sampleDataSize > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
         ma_dr_wav_uninit(pWav);
@@ -82625,7 +84537,7 @@ MA_PRIVATE ma_int32* ma_dr_wav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(ma_dr_wav* pWav, u
     }
     return pSampleData;
 }
-MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_wav wav;
     if (channelsOut) {
@@ -82637,12 +84549,12 @@ MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRe
     if (totalFrameCountOut) {
         *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_wav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_wav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, onTell, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return ma_dr_wav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s16(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
 }
-MA_API float* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API float* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_wav wav;
     if (channelsOut) {
@@ -82654,12 +84566,12 @@ MA_API float* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead,
     if (totalFrameCountOut) {
         *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_wav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_wav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, onTell, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return ma_dr_wav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_f32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
 }
-MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_wav_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_wav_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_wav wav;
     if (channelsOut) {
@@ -82671,7 +84583,7 @@ MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_wav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_wav_read_proc onRe
     if (totalFrameCountOut) {
         *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_wav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_wav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, onTell, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return ma_dr_wav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
@@ -83979,7 +85891,7 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_dr_flac__clz_lzcnt(ma_dr_flac_cache_t x)
             {
                 ma_uint64 r;
                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
-                    "lzcnt{ %1, %0| %0, %1}" : "=r"(r) : "r"(x) : "cc"
+                    "rep; bsr{q %1, %0| %0, %1}" : "=r"(r) : "r"(x) : "cc"
                 );
                 return (ma_uint32)r;
             }
@@ -83987,11 +85899,11 @@ static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_dr_flac__clz_lzcnt(ma_dr_flac_cache_t x)
             {
                 ma_uint32 r;
                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
-                    "lzcnt{l %1, %0| %0, %1}" : "=r"(r) : "r"(x) : "cc"
+                    "rep; bsr{l %1, %0| %0, %1}" : "=r"(r) : "r"(x) : "cc"
                 );
                 return r;
             }
-        #elif defined(MA_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 5) && !defined(__ARM_ARCH_6M__) && !defined(MA_64BIT)
+        #elif defined(MA_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 5) && !defined(__ARM_ARCH_6M__) && !(defined(__thumb__) && !defined(__thumb2__)) && !defined(MA_64BIT)
             {
                 unsigned int r;
                 __asm__ __volatile__ (
@@ -84106,23 +86018,23 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__seek_to_byte(ma_dr_flac_bs* bs, ma_uint64 offsetFro
     MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(offsetFromStart > 0);
     if (offsetFromStart > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
         ma_uint64 bytesRemaining = offsetFromStart;
-        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
         bytesRemaining -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
         while (bytesRemaining > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
-            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             bytesRemaining -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
         }
         if (bytesRemaining > 0) {
-            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)bytesRemaining, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)bytesRemaining, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
         }
     } else {
-        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)offsetFromStart, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)offsetFromStart, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
     }
@@ -86600,6 +88512,7 @@ typedef struct
 {
     ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead;
     ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek;
+    ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell;
     ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta;
     ma_dr_flac_container container;
     void* pUserData;
@@ -86728,11 +88641,12 @@ static void ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(void* p, const ma_allocation_callbac
         pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
     }
 }
-static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, ma_uint64* pFirstFramePos, ma_uint64* pSeektablePos, ma_uint32* pSeekpointCount, ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, ma_uint64* pFirstFramePos, ma_uint64* pSeektablePos, ma_uint32* pSeekpointCount, ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_uint64 runningFilePos = 42;
     ma_uint64 seektablePos   = 0;
     ma_uint32 seektableSize  = 0;
+    (void)onTell;
     for (;;) {
         ma_dr_flac_metadata metadata;
         ma_uint8 isLastBlock = 0;
@@ -86743,8 +88657,9 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRea
         }
         runningFilePos += 4;
         metadata.type = blockType;
-        metadata.pRawData = NULL;
         metadata.rawDataSize = 0;
+        metadata.rawDataOffset = runningFilePos;
+        metadata.pRawData = NULL;
         switch (blockType)
         {
             case MA_DR_FLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_APPLICATION:
@@ -86944,53 +88859,124 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRea
                     return MA_FALSE;
                 }
                 if (onMeta) {
-                    void* pRawData;
-                    const char* pRunningData;
-                    const char* pRunningDataEnd;
-                    pRawData = ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
-                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
-                        return MA_FALSE;
+                    ma_bool32 result = MA_TRUE;
+                    ma_uint32 blockSizeRemaining = blockSize;
+                    char* pMime = NULL;
+                    char* pDescription = NULL;
+                    void* pPictureData = NULL;
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.type, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
                     }
-                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
-                        ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
-                        return MA_FALSE;
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.type = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.type);
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.mimeLength, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
                     }
-                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
-                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
-                    pRunningData    = (const char*)pRawData;
-                    pRunningDataEnd = (const char*)pRawData + blockSize;
-                    metadata.data.picture.type       = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    metadata.data.picture.mimeLength = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    if ((pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData) - 24 < (ma_int64)metadata.data.picture.mimeLength) {
-                        ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
-                        return MA_FALSE;
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.mimeLength = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.mimeLength);
+                    pMime = (char*)ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks(metadata.data.picture.mimeLength + 1, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    if (pMime == NULL) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
                     }
-                    metadata.data.picture.mime              = pRunningData;                                   pRunningData += metadata.data.picture.mimeLength;
-                    metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    if ((pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData) - 20 < (ma_int64)metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength) {
-                        ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
-                        return MA_FALSE;
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < metadata.data.picture.mimeLength || onRead(pUserData, pMime, metadata.data.picture.mimeLength) != metadata.data.picture.mimeLength) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
                     }
-                    metadata.data.picture.description     = pRunningData;                                   pRunningData += metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength;
-                    metadata.data.picture.width           = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    metadata.data.picture.height          = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    metadata.data.picture.colorDepth      = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    metadata.data.picture.indexColorCount = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32_ptr_unaligned(pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
-                    metadata.data.picture.pPictureData    = (const ma_uint8*)pRunningData;
-                    if (pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData < (ma_int64)metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize) {
-                        ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= metadata.data.picture.mimeLength;
+                    pMime[metadata.data.picture.mimeLength] = '\0';
+                    metadata.data.picture.mime = (const char*)pMime;
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength);
+                    pDescription = (char*)ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks(metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength + 1, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    if (pDescription == NULL) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength || onRead(pUserData, pDescription, metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength) != metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength;
+                    pDescription[metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength] = '\0';
+                    metadata.data.picture.description = (const char*)pDescription;
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.width, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.width = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.width);
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.height, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.height = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.height);
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.colorDepth, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.colorDepth = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.colorDepth);
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.indexColorCount, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.indexColorCount = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.indexColorCount);
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < 4 || onRead(pUserData, &metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize, 4) != 4) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= 4;
+                    metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize = ma_dr_flac__be2host_32(metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize);
+                    if (blockSizeRemaining < metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize) {
+                        result = MA_FALSE;
+                        goto done_flac;
+                    }
+                    metadata.data.picture.pictureDataOffset = runningFilePos + (blockSize - blockSizeRemaining);
+                #ifndef MA_DR_FLAC_NO_PICTURE_METADATA_MALLOC
+                    pPictureData = ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks(metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    if (pPictureData != NULL) {
+                        if (onRead(pUserData, pPictureData, metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize) != metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize) {
+                            result = MA_FALSE;
+                            goto done_flac;
+                        }
+                    } else
+                #endif
+                    {
+                        if (!onSeek(pUserData, metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
+                            result = MA_FALSE;
+                            goto done_flac;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    blockSizeRemaining -= metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize;
+                    (void)blockSizeRemaining;
+                    metadata.data.picture.pPictureData = (const ma_uint8*)pPictureData;
+                    if (metadata.data.picture.pictureDataOffset != 0 || metadata.data.picture.pPictureData != NULL) {
+                        onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
+                    } else {
+                    }
+                done_flac:
+                    ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pMime,        pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pDescription, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pPictureData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    if (result != MA_TRUE) {
                         return MA_FALSE;
                     }
-                    onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
-                    ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                 }
             } break;
             case MA_DR_FLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PADDING:
             {
                 if (onMeta) {
                     metadata.data.padding.unused = 0;
-                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                         isLastBlock = MA_TRUE;
                     } else {
                         onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
@@ -87000,7 +88986,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRea
             case MA_DR_FLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_INVALID:
             {
                 if (onMeta) {
-                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                         isLastBlock = MA_TRUE;
                     }
                 }
@@ -87009,12 +88995,15 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRea
             {
                 if (onMeta) {
                     void* pRawData = ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
-                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
-                        return MA_FALSE;
-                    }
-                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
-                        ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
-                        return MA_FALSE;
+                    if (pRawData != NULL) {
+                        if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
+                            ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                            return MA_FALSE;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
+                            return MA_FALSE;
+                        }
                     }
                     metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                     metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
@@ -87024,7 +89013,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRea
             } break;
         }
         if (onMeta == NULL && blockSize > 0) {
-            if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 isLastBlock = MA_TRUE;
             }
         }
@@ -87288,6 +89277,7 @@ typedef struct
 {
     ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead;
     ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek;
+    ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell;
     void* pUserData;
     ma_uint64 currentBytePos;
     ma_uint64 firstBytePos;
@@ -87306,29 +89296,29 @@ static size_t ma_dr_flac_oggbs__read_physical(ma_dr_flac_oggbs* oggbs, void* buf
 }
 static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(ma_dr_flac_oggbs* oggbs, ma_uint64 offset, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin origin)
 {
-    if (origin == ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start) {
+    if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET) {
         if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
-            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             oggbs->currentBytePos = offset;
             return MA_TRUE;
         } else {
-            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             oggbs->currentBytePos = offset;
-            return ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, offset - 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current);
+            return ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, offset - 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR);
         }
     } else {
         while (offset > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
-            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             oggbs->currentBytePos += 0x7FFFFFFF;
             offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
         }
-        if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+        if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
         oggbs->currentBytePos += offset;
@@ -87354,7 +89344,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac_oggbs__goto_next_page(ma_dr_flac_oggbs* oggbs, ma_dr
             continue;
         }
         if (header.serialNumber != oggbs->serialNumber) {
-            if (pageBodySize > 0 && !ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, pageBodySize, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (pageBodySize > 0 && !ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, pageBodySize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             continue;
@@ -87416,7 +89406,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_to_next_packet(ma_dr_flac_oggbs* oggbs)
             }
             bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage += segmentSize;
         }
-        ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current);
+        ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR);
         oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage;
         if (atEndOfPage) {
             if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs)) {
@@ -87469,36 +89459,44 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__on_seek_ogg(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_flac
     int bytesSeeked = 0;
     MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(oggbs != NULL);
     MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
-    if (origin == ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start) {
-        if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, (int)oggbs->firstBytePos, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+    if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET) {
+        if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, (int)oggbs->firstBytePos, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
         if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, ma_dr_flac_ogg_fail_on_crc_mismatch)) {
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
-        return ma_dr_flac__on_seek_ogg(pUserData, offset, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current);
-    }
-    MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(origin == ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current);
-    while (bytesSeeked < offset) {
-        int bytesRemainingToSeek = offset - bytesSeeked;
-        MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(bytesRemainingToSeek >= 0);
-        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage >= (size_t)bytesRemainingToSeek) {
-            bytesSeeked += bytesRemainingToSeek;
-            (void)bytesSeeked;
-            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= bytesRemainingToSeek;
-            break;
-        }
-        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage > 0) {
-            bytesSeeked += (int)oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
-            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 0;
-        }
-        MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(bytesRemainingToSeek > 0);
-        if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, ma_dr_flac_ogg_fail_on_crc_mismatch)) {
-            return MA_FALSE;
+        return ma_dr_flac__on_seek_ogg(pUserData, offset, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR);
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR) {
+        while (bytesSeeked < offset) {
+            int bytesRemainingToSeek = offset - bytesSeeked;
+            MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(bytesRemainingToSeek >= 0);
+            if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage >= (size_t)bytesRemainingToSeek) {
+                bytesSeeked += bytesRemainingToSeek;
+                (void)bytesSeeked;
+                oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= bytesRemainingToSeek;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage > 0) {
+                bytesSeeked += (int)oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
+                oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 0;
+            }
+            MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(bytesRemainingToSeek > 0);
+            if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, ma_dr_flac_ogg_fail_on_crc_mismatch)) {
+                return MA_FALSE;
+            }
         }
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_END) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
     }
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__on_tell_ogg(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    (void)pUserData;
+    (void)pCursor;
+    return MA_FALSE;
+}
 static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac_ogg__seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_dr_flac* pFlac, ma_uint64 pcmFrameIndex)
 {
     ma_dr_flac_oggbs* oggbs = (ma_dr_flac_oggbs*)pFlac->_oggbs;
@@ -87515,7 +89513,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac_ogg__seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_dr_flac* pFlac, ma_uint64
     runningGranulePosition = 0;
     for (;;) {
         if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, ma_dr_flac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch)) {
-            ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, originalBytePos, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start);
+            ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, originalBytePos, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET);
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
         runningFrameBytePos = oggbs->currentBytePos - ma_dr_flac_ogg__get_page_header_size(&oggbs->currentPageHeader) - oggbs->pageDataSize;
@@ -87534,7 +89532,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac_ogg__seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_dr_flac* pFlac, ma_uint64
             }
         }
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, runningFrameBytePos, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, runningFrameBytePos, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     if (!ma_dr_flac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, ma_dr_flac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch)) {
@@ -87629,7 +89627,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__init_private__ogg(ma_dr_flac_init_info* pInit, ma_d
                     if (mappingVersion[0] != 1) {
                         return MA_FALSE;
                     }
-                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 2, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 2, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                         return MA_FALSE;
                     }
                     if (onRead(pUserData, sig, 4) != 4) {
@@ -87674,17 +89672,17 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__init_private__ogg(ma_dr_flac_init_info* pInit, ma_d
                         return MA_FALSE;
                     }
                 } else {
-                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                         return MA_FALSE;
                     }
                 }
             } else {
-                if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+                if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                     return MA_FALSE;
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            if (!onSeek(pUserData, pageBodySize, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!onSeek(pUserData, pageBodySize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
         }
@@ -87698,7 +89696,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__init_private__ogg(ma_dr_flac_init_info* pInit, ma_d
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
 #endif
-static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__init_private(ma_dr_flac_init_info* pInit, ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD)
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__init_private(ma_dr_flac_init_info* pInit, ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD)
 {
     ma_bool32 relaxed;
     ma_uint8 id[4];
@@ -87708,12 +89706,14 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__init_private(ma_dr_flac_init_info* pInit, ma_dr_fla
     MA_DR_FLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pInit, sizeof(*pInit));
     pInit->onRead       = onRead;
     pInit->onSeek       = onSeek;
+    pInit->onTell       = onTell;
     pInit->onMeta       = onMeta;
     pInit->container    = container;
     pInit->pUserData    = pUserData;
     pInit->pUserDataMD  = pUserDataMD;
     pInit->bs.onRead    = onRead;
     pInit->bs.onSeek    = onSeek;
+    pInit->bs.onTell    = onTell;
     pInit->bs.pUserData = pUserData;
     ma_dr_flac__reset_cache(&pInit->bs);
     relaxed = container != ma_dr_flac_container_unknown;
@@ -87736,7 +89736,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__init_private(ma_dr_flac_init_info* pInit, ma_dr_fla
             if (flags & 0x10) {
                 headerSize += 10;
             }
-            if (!onSeek(pUserData, headerSize, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!onSeek(pUserData, headerSize, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             pInit->runningFilePos += headerSize;
@@ -87779,7 +89779,7 @@ static void ma_dr_flac__init_from_info(ma_dr_flac* pFlac, const ma_dr_flac_init_
     pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount      = pInit->totalPCMFrameCount;
     pFlac->container               = pInit->container;
 }
-static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_flac_init_info init;
     ma_uint32 allocationSize;
@@ -87794,7 +89794,7 @@ static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
     ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
     ma_dr_flac* pFlac;
     ma_dr_flac__init_cpu_caps();
-    if (!ma_dr_flac__init_private(&init, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, container, pUserData, pUserDataMD)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_flac__init_private(&init, onRead, onSeek, onTell, onMeta, container, pUserData, pUserDataMD)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
@@ -87827,6 +89827,7 @@ static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
         MA_DR_FLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pOggbs, sizeof(*pOggbs));
         pOggbs->onRead = onRead;
         pOggbs->onSeek = onSeek;
+        pOggbs->onTell = onTell;
         pOggbs->pUserData = pUserData;
         pOggbs->currentBytePos = init.oggFirstBytePos;
         pOggbs->firstBytePos = init.oggFirstBytePos;
@@ -87841,15 +89842,17 @@ static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
     if (init.hasMetadataBlocks) {
         ma_dr_flac_read_proc onReadOverride = onRead;
         ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeekOverride = onSeek;
+        ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTellOverride = onTell;
         void* pUserDataOverride = pUserData;
 #ifndef MA_DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
         if (init.container == ma_dr_flac_container_ogg) {
             onReadOverride = ma_dr_flac__on_read_ogg;
             onSeekOverride = ma_dr_flac__on_seek_ogg;
+            onTellOverride = ma_dr_flac__on_tell_ogg;
             pUserDataOverride = (void*)pOggbs;
         }
 #endif
-        if (!ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(onReadOverride, onSeekOverride, onMeta, pUserDataOverride, pUserDataMD, &firstFramePos, &seektablePos, &seekpointCount, &allocationCallbacks)) {
+        if (!ma_dr_flac__read_and_decode_metadata(onReadOverride, onSeekOverride, onTellOverride, onMeta, pUserDataOverride, pUserDataMD, &firstFramePos, &seektablePos, &seekpointCount, &allocationCallbacks)) {
         #ifndef MA_DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
             ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pOggbs, &allocationCallbacks);
         #endif
@@ -87875,6 +89878,7 @@ static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
         pOggbs = NULL;
         pFlac->bs.onRead = ma_dr_flac__on_read_ogg;
         pFlac->bs.onSeek = ma_dr_flac__on_seek_ogg;
+        pFlac->bs.onTell = ma_dr_flac__on_tell_ogg;
         pFlac->bs.pUserData = (void*)pInternalOggbs;
         pFlac->_oggbs = (void*)pInternalOggbs;
     }
@@ -87894,7 +89898,7 @@ static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
             pFlac->pSeekpoints = (ma_dr_flac_seekpoint*)((ma_uint8*)pFlac->pDecodedSamples + decodedSamplesAllocationSize);
             MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bs.onSeek != NULL);
             MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bs.onRead != NULL);
-            if (pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, (int)seektablePos, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+            if (pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, (int)seektablePos, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
                 ma_uint32 iSeekpoint;
                 for (iSeekpoint = 0; iSeekpoint < seekpointCount; iSeekpoint += 1) {
                     if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pFlac->pSeekpoints + iSeekpoint, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEKPOINT_SIZE_IN_BYTES) == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEKPOINT_SIZE_IN_BYTES) {
@@ -87907,7 +89911,7 @@ static ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
                         break;
                     }
                 }
-                if (!pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, (int)pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_start)) {
+                if (!pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, (int)pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes, MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET)) {
                     ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pFlac, &allocationCallbacks);
                     return NULL;
                 }
@@ -87950,8 +89954,31 @@ static size_t ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t
 }
 static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin origin)
 {
-    MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
-    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, (origin == ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
+    int whence = SEEK_SET;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR) {
+        whence = SEEK_CUR;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_END) {
+        whence = SEEK_END;
+    }
+    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, whence) == 0;
+}
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__on_tell_stdio(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    FILE* pFileStdio = (FILE*)pUserData;
+    ma_int64 result;
+    MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(pFileStdio != NULL);
+    MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(pCursor    != NULL);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(NXDK)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1200
+        result = _ftelli64(pFileStdio);
+    #else
+        result = ftell(pFileStdio);
+    #endif
+#else
+    result = ftell(pFileStdio);
+#endif
+    *pCursor = result;
+    return MA_TRUE;
 }
 MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_file(const char* pFileName, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
@@ -87960,7 +89987,7 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_file(const char* pFileName, const ma_allocati
     if (ma_fopen(&pFile, pFileName, "rb") != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_tell_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         fclose(pFile);
         return NULL;
@@ -87975,7 +90002,7 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_file_w(const wchar_t* pFileName, const ma_all
     if (ma_wfopen(&pFile, pFileName, L"rb", pAllocationCallbacks) != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_tell_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         fclose(pFile);
         return NULL;
@@ -87990,7 +90017,7 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_file_with_metadata(const char* pFileName, ma_
     if (ma_fopen(&pFile, pFileName, "rb") != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, (void*)pFile, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_tell_stdio, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, (void*)pFile, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         fclose(pFile);
         return pFlac;
@@ -88005,7 +90032,7 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_file_with_metadata_w(const wchar_t* pFileName
     if (ma_wfopen(&pFile, pFileName, L"rb", pAllocationCallbacks) != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, (void*)pFile, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_stdio, ma_dr_flac__on_tell_stdio, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, (void*)pFile, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         fclose(pFile);
         return pFlac;
@@ -88033,24 +90060,34 @@ static size_t ma_dr_flac__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_
 static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__on_seek_memory(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_flac_seek_origin origin)
 {
     ma_dr_flac__memory_stream* memoryStream = (ma_dr_flac__memory_stream*)pUserData;
+    ma_int64 newCursor;
     MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(memoryStream != NULL);
-    MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
-    if (offset > (ma_int64)memoryStream->dataSize) {
+    if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_SET) {
+        newCursor = 0;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_CUR) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)memoryStream->currentReadPos;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_FLAC_SEEK_END) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)memoryStream->dataSize;
+    } else {
+        MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(!"Invalid seek origin");
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    if (origin == ma_dr_flac_seek_origin_current) {
-        if (memoryStream->currentReadPos + offset <= memoryStream->dataSize) {
-            memoryStream->currentReadPos += offset;
-        } else {
-            return MA_FALSE;
-        }
-    } else {
-        if ((ma_uint32)offset <= memoryStream->dataSize) {
-            memoryStream->currentReadPos = offset;
-        } else {
-            return MA_FALSE;
-        }
+    newCursor += offset;
+    if (newCursor < 0) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
     }
+    if ((size_t)newCursor > memoryStream->dataSize) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    memoryStream->currentReadPos = (size_t)newCursor;
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_flac__on_tell_memory(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    ma_dr_flac__memory_stream* memoryStream = (ma_dr_flac__memory_stream*)pUserData;
+    MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(memoryStream != NULL);
+    MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);
+    *pCursor = (ma_int64)memoryStream->currentReadPos;
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
 MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
@@ -88060,7 +90097,7 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, co
     memoryStream.data = (const ma_uint8*)pData;
     memoryStream.dataSize = dataSize;
     memoryStream.currentReadPos = 0;
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac__on_read_memory, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_memory, &memoryStream, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac__on_read_memory, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_memory, ma_dr_flac__on_tell_memory, &memoryStream, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -88085,7 +90122,7 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_memory_with_metadata(const void* pData, size_
     memoryStream.data = (const ma_uint8*)pData;
     memoryStream.dataSize = dataSize;
     memoryStream.currentReadPos = 0;
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac__on_read_memory, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_memory, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, &memoryStream, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(ma_dr_flac__on_read_memory, ma_dr_flac__on_seek_memory, ma_dr_flac__on_tell_memory, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, &memoryStream, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -88103,21 +90140,21 @@ MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_memory_with_metadata(const void* pData, size_
     }
     return pFlac;
 }
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, NULL, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onTell, NULL, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
 }
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, NULL, container, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onTell, NULL, container, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
 }
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onTell, onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container_unknown, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
 }
-MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_dr_flac* ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_relaxed(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_flac_meta_proc onMeta, ma_dr_flac_container container, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
-    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onMeta, container, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    return ma_dr_flac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onTell, onMeta, container, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
 }
 MA_API void ma_dr_flac_close(ma_dr_flac* pFlac)
 {
@@ -90345,57 +92382,42 @@ static type* ma_dr_flac__full_read_and_close_ ## extension (ma_dr_flac* pFlac, u
 {                                                                                                                                                                   \
     type* pSampleData = NULL;                                                                                                                                       \
     ma_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;                                                                                                                               \
+    type buffer[4096];                                                                                                                                              \
+    ma_uint64 pcmFramesRead;                                                                                                                                    \
+    size_t sampleDataBufferSize = sizeof(buffer);                                                                                                                   \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
     MA_DR_FLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);                                                                                                                                   \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
-    totalPCMFrameCount = pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount;                                                                                                                 \
-                                                                                                                                                                    \
-    if (totalPCMFrameCount == 0) {                                                                                                                                  \
-        type buffer[4096];                                                                                                                                          \
-        ma_uint64 pcmFramesRead;                                                                                                                                \
-        size_t sampleDataBufferSize = sizeof(buffer);                                                                                                               \
+    totalPCMFrameCount = 0;                                                                                                                                         \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
-        pSampleData = (type*)ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks(sampleDataBufferSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);                                                      \
-        if (pSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                                  \
-            goto on_error;                                                                                                                                          \
-        }                                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                                    \
-        while ((pcmFramesRead = (ma_uint64)ma_dr_flac_read_pcm_frames_##extension(pFlac, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0])/pFlac->channels, buffer)) > 0) {          \
-            if (((totalPCMFrameCount + pcmFramesRead) * pFlac->channels * sizeof(type)) > sampleDataBufferSize) {                                                   \
-                type* pNewSampleData;                                                                                                                               \
-                size_t newSampleDataBufferSize;                                                                                                                     \
+    pSampleData = (type*)ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks(sampleDataBufferSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);                                                          \
+    if (pSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                                      \
+        goto on_error;                                                                                                                                              \
+    }                                                                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
-                newSampleDataBufferSize = sampleDataBufferSize * 2;                                                                                                 \
-                pNewSampleData = (type*)ma_dr_flac__realloc_from_callbacks(pSampleData, newSampleDataBufferSize, sampleDataBufferSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);    \
-                if (pNewSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                       \
-                    ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pSampleData, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);                                                                          \
-                    goto on_error;                                                                                                                                  \
-                }                                                                                                                                                   \
+    while ((pcmFramesRead = (ma_uint64)ma_dr_flac_read_pcm_frames_##extension(pFlac, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0])/pFlac->channels, buffer)) > 0) {              \
+        if (((totalPCMFrameCount + pcmFramesRead) * pFlac->channels * sizeof(type)) > sampleDataBufferSize) {                                                       \
+            type* pNewSampleData;                                                                                                                                   \
+            size_t newSampleDataBufferSize;                                                                                                                         \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
-                sampleDataBufferSize = newSampleDataBufferSize;                                                                                                     \
-                pSampleData = pNewSampleData;                                                                                                                       \
+            newSampleDataBufferSize = sampleDataBufferSize * 2;                                                                                                     \
+            pNewSampleData = (type*)ma_dr_flac__realloc_from_callbacks(pSampleData, newSampleDataBufferSize, sampleDataBufferSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);        \
+            if (pNewSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                           \
+                ma_dr_flac__free_from_callbacks(pSampleData, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);                                                                              \
+                goto on_error;                                                                                                                                      \
             }                                                                                                                                                       \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
-            MA_DR_FLAC_COPY_MEMORY(pSampleData + (totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels), buffer, (size_t)(pcmFramesRead*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type)));                   \
-            totalPCMFrameCount += pcmFramesRead;                                                                                                                    \
-        }                                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                                    \
-                                                                                                                         \
-        MA_DR_FLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pSampleData + (totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels), (size_t)(sampleDataBufferSize - totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type)));   \
-    } else {                                                                                                                                                        \
-        ma_uint64 dataSize = totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type);                                                                                   \
-        if (dataSize > (ma_uint64)MA_SIZE_MAX) {                                                                                                            \
-            goto on_error;                                                                                                        \
-        }                                                                                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                                                                                    \
-        pSampleData = (type*)ma_dr_flac__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)dataSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);               \
-        if (pSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                                  \
-            goto on_error;                                                                                                                                          \
+            sampleDataBufferSize = newSampleDataBufferSize;                                                                                                         \
+            pSampleData = pNewSampleData;                                                                                                                           \
         }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
-        totalPCMFrameCount = ma_dr_flac_read_pcm_frames_##extension(pFlac, pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount, pSampleData);                                                     \
+        MA_DR_FLAC_COPY_MEMORY(pSampleData + (totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels), buffer, (size_t)(pcmFramesRead*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type)));                       \
+        totalPCMFrameCount += pcmFramesRead;                                                                                                                        \
     }                                                                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                                                     \
+                                                                                                                         \
+    MA_DR_FLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pSampleData + (totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels), (size_t)(sampleDataBufferSize - totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type)));       \
+                                                                                                                                                                    \
     if (sampleRateOut) *sampleRateOut = pFlac->sampleRate;                                                                                                          \
     if (channelsOut) *channelsOut = pFlac->channels;                                                                                                                \
     if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) *totalPCMFrameCountOut = totalPCMFrameCount;                                                                                         \
@@ -90410,7 +92432,7 @@ on_error:
 MA_DR_FLAC_DEFINE_FULL_READ_AND_CLOSE(s32, ma_int32)
 MA_DR_FLAC_DEFINE_FULL_READ_AND_CLOSE(s16, ma_int16)
 MA_DR_FLAC_DEFINE_FULL_READ_AND_CLOSE(f32, float)
-MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_flac* pFlac;
     if (channelsOut) {
@@ -90422,13 +92444,13 @@ MA_API ma_int32* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
     if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) {
         *totalPCMFrameCountOut = 0;
     }
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(onRead, onSeek, onTell, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return ma_dr_flac__full_read_and_close_s32(pFlac, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalPCMFrameCountOut);
 }
-MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_flac* pFlac;
     if (channelsOut) {
@@ -90440,13 +92462,13 @@ MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_flac_read_proc on
     if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) {
         *totalPCMFrameCountOut = 0;
     }
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(onRead, onSeek, onTell, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return ma_dr_flac__full_read_and_close_s16(pFlac, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalPCMFrameCountOut);
 }
-MA_API float* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API float* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_flac_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_flac_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, ma_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_flac* pFlac;
     if (channelsOut) {
@@ -90458,7 +92480,7 @@ MA_API float* ma_dr_flac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_flac_read_proc onRea
     if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) {
         *totalPCMFrameCountOut = 0;
     }
-    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    pFlac = ma_dr_flac_open(onRead, onSeek, onTell, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pFlac == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -90680,12 +92702,9 @@ MA_API const char* ma_dr_mp3_version_string(void)
 #define MA_DR_MP3_NO_SIMD
 #endif
 #define MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(p, offset) ((void*)((ma_uint8*)(p) + (offset)))
-#define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_FREE_FORMAT_FRAME_SIZE  2304
 #ifndef MA_DR_MP3_MAX_FRAME_SYNC_MATCHES
 #define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_FRAME_SYNC_MATCHES      10
 #endif
-#define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_L3_FRAME_PAYLOAD_BYTES  MA_DR_MP3_MAX_FREE_FORMAT_FRAME_SIZE
-#define MA_DR_MP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES      511
 #define MA_DR_MP3_SHORT_BLOCK_TYPE            2
 #define MA_DR_MP3_STOP_BLOCK_TYPE             3
 #define MA_DR_MP3_MODE_MONO                   3
@@ -90735,7 +92754,7 @@ MA_API const char* ma_dr_mp3_version_string(void)
 #define MA_DR_MP3_VMUL_S(x, s)  _mm_mul_ps(x, _mm_set1_ps(s))
 #define MA_DR_MP3_VREV(x) _mm_shuffle_ps(x, x, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3))
 typedef __m128 ma_dr_mp3_f4;
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(MA_DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD)
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(MA_DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD)) && !defined(__clang__)
 #define ma_dr_mp3_cpuid __cpuid
 #else
 static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) void ma_dr_mp3_cpuid(int CPUInfo[], const int InfoType)
@@ -90851,11 +92870,6 @@ static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) ma_int32 ma_dr_mp3_clip_int16_a
 #define MA_DR_MP3_FREE(p) free((p))
 #endif
 typedef struct
-{
-    const ma_uint8 *buf;
-    int pos, limit;
-} ma_dr_mp3_bs;
-typedef struct
 {
     float scf[3*64];
     ma_uint8 total_bands, stereo_bands, bitalloc[64], scfcod[64];
@@ -90864,22 +92878,6 @@ typedef struct
 {
     ma_uint8 tab_offset, code_tab_width, band_count;
 } ma_dr_mp3_L12_subband_alloc;
-typedef struct
-{
-    const ma_uint8 *sfbtab;
-    ma_uint16 part_23_length, big_values, scalefac_compress;
-    ma_uint8 global_gain, block_type, mixed_block_flag, n_long_sfb, n_short_sfb;
-    ma_uint8 table_select[3], region_count[3], subblock_gain[3];
-    ma_uint8 preflag, scalefac_scale, count1_table, scfsi;
-} ma_dr_mp3_L3_gr_info;
-typedef struct
-{
-    ma_dr_mp3_bs bs;
-    ma_uint8 maindata[MA_DR_MP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES + MA_DR_MP3_MAX_L3_FRAME_PAYLOAD_BYTES];
-    ma_dr_mp3_L3_gr_info gr_info[4];
-    float grbuf[2][576], scf[40], syn[18 + 15][2*32];
-    ma_uint8 ist_pos[2][39];
-} ma_dr_mp3dec_scratch;
 static void ma_dr_mp3_bs_init(ma_dr_mp3_bs *bs, const ma_uint8 *data, int bytes)
 {
     bs->buf   = data;
@@ -91262,6 +93260,10 @@ static float ma_dr_mp3_L3_ldexp_q2(float y, int exp_q2)
     } while ((exp_q2 -= e) > 0);
     return y;
 }
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 13)) && !defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstringop-overflow"
+#endif
 static void ma_dr_mp3_L3_decode_scalefactors(const ma_uint8 *hdr, ma_uint8 *ist_pos, ma_dr_mp3_bs *bs, const ma_dr_mp3_L3_gr_info *gr, float *scf, int ch)
 {
     static const ma_uint8 g_scf_partitions[3][28] = {
@@ -91320,7 +93322,10 @@ static void ma_dr_mp3_L3_decode_scalefactors(const ma_uint8 *hdr, ma_uint8 *ist_
         scf[i] = ma_dr_mp3_L3_ldexp_q2(gain, iscf[i] << scf_shift);
     }
 }
-static const float g_ma_dr_mp3_pow43[129 + 16] = {
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 13)) && !defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+static const float ma_dr_mp3_g_pow43[129 + 16] = {
     0,-1,-2.519842f,-4.326749f,-6.349604f,-8.549880f,-10.902724f,-13.390518f,-16.000000f,-18.720754f,-21.544347f,-24.463781f,-27.473142f,-30.567351f,-33.741992f,-36.993181f,
     0,1,2.519842f,4.326749f,6.349604f,8.549880f,10.902724f,13.390518f,16.000000f,18.720754f,21.544347f,24.463781f,27.473142f,30.567351f,33.741992f,36.993181f,40.317474f,43.711787f,47.173345f,50.699631f,54.288352f,57.937408f,61.644865f,65.408941f,69.227979f,73.100443f,77.024898f,81.000000f,85.024491f,89.097188f,93.216975f,97.382800f,101.593667f,105.848633f,110.146801f,114.487321f,118.869381f,123.292209f,127.755065f,132.257246f,136.798076f,141.376907f,145.993119f,150.646117f,155.335327f,160.060199f,164.820202f,169.614826f,174.443577f,179.305980f,184.201575f,189.129918f,194.090580f,199.083145f,204.107210f,209.162385f,214.248292f,219.364564f,224.510845f,229.686789f,234.892058f,240.126328f,245.389280f,250.680604f,256.000000f,261.347174f,266.721841f,272.123723f,277.552547f,283.008049f,288.489971f,293.998060f,299.532071f,305.091761f,310.676898f,316.287249f,321.922592f,327.582707f,333.267377f,338.976394f,344.709550f,350.466646f,356.247482f,362.051866f,367.879608f,373.730522f,379.604427f,385.501143f,391.420496f,397.362314f,403.326427f,409.312672f,415.320884f,421.350905f,427.402579f,433.475750f,439.570269f,445.685987f,451.822757f,457.980436f,464.158883f,470.357960f,476.577530f,482.817459f,489.077615f,495.357868f,501.658090f,507.978156f,514.317941f,520.677324f,527.056184f,533.454404f,539.871867f,546.308458f,552.764065f,559.238575f,565.731879f,572.243870f,578.774440f,585.323483f,591.890898f,598.476581f,605.080431f,611.702349f,618.342238f,625.000000f,631.675540f,638.368763f,645.079578f
 };
@@ -91330,7 +93335,7 @@ static float ma_dr_mp3_L3_pow_43(int x)
     int sign, mult = 256;
     if (x < 129)
     {
-        return g_ma_dr_mp3_pow43[16 + x];
+        return ma_dr_mp3_g_pow43[16 + x];
     }
     if (x < 1024)
     {
@@ -91339,7 +93344,7 @@ static float ma_dr_mp3_L3_pow_43(int x)
     }
     sign = 2*x & 64;
     frac = (float)((x & 63) - sign) / ((x & ~63) + sign);
-    return g_ma_dr_mp3_pow43[16 + ((x + sign) >> 6)]*(1.f + frac*((4.f/3) + frac*(2.f/9)))*mult;
+    return ma_dr_mp3_g_pow43[16 + ((x + sign) >> 6)]*(1.f + frac*((4.f/3) + frac*(2.f/9)))*mult;
 }
 static void ma_dr_mp3_L3_huffman(float *dst, ma_dr_mp3_bs *bs, const ma_dr_mp3_L3_gr_info *gr_info, const float *scf, int layer3gr_limit)
 {
@@ -91409,7 +93414,7 @@ static void ma_dr_mp3_L3_huffman(float *dst, ma_dr_mp3_bs *bs, const ma_dr_mp3_L
                             *dst = one*ma_dr_mp3_L3_pow_43(lsb)*((ma_int32)bs_cache < 0 ? -1: 1);
                         } else
                         {
-                            *dst = g_ma_dr_mp3_pow43[16 + lsb - 16*(bs_cache >> 31)]*one;
+                            *dst = ma_dr_mp3_g_pow43[16 + lsb - 16*(bs_cache >> 31)]*one;
                         }
                         MA_DR_MP3_FLUSH_BITS(lsb ? 1 : 0);
                     }
@@ -91437,7 +93442,7 @@ static void ma_dr_mp3_L3_huffman(float *dst, ma_dr_mp3_bs *bs, const ma_dr_mp3_L
                     for (j = 0; j < 2; j++, dst++, leaf >>= 4)
                     {
                         int lsb = leaf & 0x0F;
-                        *dst = g_ma_dr_mp3_pow43[16 + lsb - 16*(bs_cache >> 31)]*one;
+                        *dst = ma_dr_mp3_g_pow43[16 + lsb - 16*(bs_cache >> 31)]*one;
                         MA_DR_MP3_FLUSH_BITS(lsb ? 1 : 0);
                     }
                     MA_DR_MP3_CHECK_BITS;
@@ -92245,7 +94250,6 @@ MA_API int ma_dr_mp3dec_decode_frame(ma_dr_mp3dec *dec, const ma_uint8 *mp3, int
     int i = 0, igr, frame_size = 0, success = 1;
     const ma_uint8 *hdr;
     ma_dr_mp3_bs bs_frame[1];
-    ma_dr_mp3dec_scratch scratch;
     if (mp3_bytes > 4 && dec->header[0] == 0xff && ma_dr_mp3_hdr_compare(dec->header, mp3))
     {
         frame_size = ma_dr_mp3_hdr_frame_bytes(mp3, dec->free_format_bytes) + ma_dr_mp3_hdr_padding(mp3);
@@ -92268,7 +94272,7 @@ MA_API int ma_dr_mp3dec_decode_frame(ma_dr_mp3dec *dec, const ma_uint8 *mp3, int
     MA_DR_MP3_COPY_MEMORY(dec->header, hdr, MA_DR_MP3_HDR_SIZE);
     info->frame_bytes = i + frame_size;
     info->channels = MA_DR_MP3_HDR_IS_MONO(hdr) ? 1 : 2;
-    info->hz = ma_dr_mp3_hdr_sample_rate_hz(hdr);
+    info->sample_rate = ma_dr_mp3_hdr_sample_rate_hz(hdr);
     info->layer = 4 - MA_DR_MP3_HDR_GET_LAYER(hdr);
     info->bitrate_kbps = ma_dr_mp3_hdr_bitrate_kbps(hdr);
     ma_dr_mp3_bs_init(bs_frame, hdr + MA_DR_MP3_HDR_SIZE, frame_size - MA_DR_MP3_HDR_SIZE);
@@ -92278,23 +94282,23 @@ MA_API int ma_dr_mp3dec_decode_frame(ma_dr_mp3dec *dec, const ma_uint8 *mp3, int
     }
     if (info->layer == 3)
     {
-        int main_data_begin = ma_dr_mp3_L3_read_side_info(bs_frame, scratch.gr_info, hdr);
+        int main_data_begin = ma_dr_mp3_L3_read_side_info(bs_frame, dec->scratch.gr_info, hdr);
         if (main_data_begin < 0 || bs_frame->pos > bs_frame->limit)
         {
             ma_dr_mp3dec_init(dec);
             return 0;
         }
-        success = ma_dr_mp3_L3_restore_reservoir(dec, bs_frame, &scratch, main_data_begin);
+        success = ma_dr_mp3_L3_restore_reservoir(dec, bs_frame, &dec->scratch, main_data_begin);
         if (success && pcm != NULL)
         {
             for (igr = 0; igr < (MA_DR_MP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr) ? 2 : 1); igr++, pcm = MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(pcm, sizeof(ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t)*576*info->channels))
             {
-                MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_MEMORY(scratch.grbuf[0], 576*2*sizeof(float));
-                ma_dr_mp3_L3_decode(dec, &scratch, scratch.gr_info + igr*info->channels, info->channels);
-                ma_dr_mp3d_synth_granule(dec->qmf_state, scratch.grbuf[0], 18, info->channels, (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pcm, scratch.syn[0]);
+                MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_MEMORY(dec->scratch.grbuf[0], 576*2*sizeof(float));
+                ma_dr_mp3_L3_decode(dec, &dec->scratch, dec->scratch.gr_info + igr*info->channels, info->channels);
+                ma_dr_mp3d_synth_granule(dec->qmf_state, dec->scratch.grbuf[0], 18, info->channels, (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pcm, dec->scratch.syn[0]);
             }
         }
-        ma_dr_mp3_L3_save_reservoir(dec, &scratch);
+        ma_dr_mp3_L3_save_reservoir(dec, &dec->scratch);
     } else
     {
 #ifdef MA_DR_MP3_ONLY_MP3
@@ -92305,15 +94309,15 @@ MA_API int ma_dr_mp3dec_decode_frame(ma_dr_mp3dec *dec, const ma_uint8 *mp3, int
             return ma_dr_mp3_hdr_frame_samples(hdr);
         }
         ma_dr_mp3_L12_read_scale_info(hdr, bs_frame, sci);
-        MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_MEMORY(scratch.grbuf[0], 576*2*sizeof(float));
+        MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_MEMORY(dec->scratch.grbuf[0], 576*2*sizeof(float));
         for (i = 0, igr = 0; igr < 3; igr++)
         {
-            if (12 == (i += ma_dr_mp3_L12_dequantize_granule(scratch.grbuf[0] + i, bs_frame, sci, info->layer | 1)))
+            if (12 == (i += ma_dr_mp3_L12_dequantize_granule(dec->scratch.grbuf[0] + i, bs_frame, sci, info->layer | 1)))
             {
                 i = 0;
-                ma_dr_mp3_L12_apply_scf_384(sci, sci->scf + igr, scratch.grbuf[0]);
-                ma_dr_mp3d_synth_granule(dec->qmf_state, scratch.grbuf[0], 12, info->channels, (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pcm, scratch.syn[0]);
-                MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_MEMORY(scratch.grbuf[0], 576*2*sizeof(float));
+                ma_dr_mp3_L12_apply_scf_384(sci, sci->scf + igr, dec->scratch.grbuf[0]);
+                ma_dr_mp3d_synth_granule(dec->qmf_state, dec->scratch.grbuf[0], 12, info->channels, (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pcm, dec->scratch.syn[0]);
+                MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_MEMORY(dec->scratch.grbuf[0], 576*2*sizeof(float));
                 pcm = MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(pcm, sizeof(ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t)*384*info->channels);
             }
             if (bs_frame->pos > bs_frame->limit)
@@ -92491,19 +94495,41 @@ static ma_allocation_callbacks ma_dr_mp3_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(c
 }
 static size_t ma_dr_mp3__on_read(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
 {
-    size_t bytesRead = pMP3->onRead(pMP3->pUserData, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
+    size_t bytesRead;
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3         != NULL);
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3->onRead != NULL);
+    if (bytesToRead == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    bytesRead = pMP3->onRead(pMP3->pUserData, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
     pMP3->streamCursor += bytesRead;
     return bytesRead;
 }
+static size_t ma_dr_mp3__on_read_clamped(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
+{
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3         != NULL);
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3->onRead != NULL);
+    if (pMP3->streamLength == MA_UINT64_MAX) {
+        return ma_dr_mp3__on_read(pMP3, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
+    } else {
+        ma_uint64 bytesRemaining;
+        bytesRemaining = (pMP3->streamLength - pMP3->streamCursor);
+        if (bytesToRead >         bytesRemaining) {
+            bytesToRead = (size_t)bytesRemaining;
+        }
+        return ma_dr_mp3__on_read(pMP3, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
+    }
+}
 static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, int offset, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin origin)
 {
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET || origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_CUR);
     if (!pMP3->onSeek(pMP3->pUserData, offset, origin)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    if (origin == ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_start) {
+    if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET) {
         pMP3->streamCursor = (ma_uint64)offset;
-    } else {
+    } else{
         pMP3->streamCursor += offset;
     }
     return MA_TRUE;
@@ -92513,18 +94539,18 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_64(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint64 offset, ma_dr_
     if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
         return ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, (int)offset, origin);
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_start)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
     while (offset > 0) {
         if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
-            if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, (int)offset, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, (int)offset, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             offset = 0;
         } else {
-            if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_current)) {
+            if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0x7FFFFFFF, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_CUR)) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
             offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
@@ -92532,7 +94558,18 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_64(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint64 offset, ma_dr_
     }
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
-static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames)
+static void ma_dr_mp3__on_meta(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_metadata_type type, const void* pRawData, size_t rawDataSize)
+{
+    if (pMP3->onMeta) {
+        ma_dr_mp3_metadata metadata;
+        MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_OBJECT(&metadata);
+        metadata.type        = type;
+        metadata.pRawData    = pRawData;
+        metadata.rawDataSize = rawDataSize;
+        pMP3->onMeta(pMP3->pUserDataMeta, &metadata);
+    }
+}
+static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames, ma_dr_mp3dec_frame_info* pMP3FrameInfo, const ma_uint8** ppMP3FrameData)
 {
     ma_uint32 pcmFramesRead = 0;
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
@@ -92559,7 +94596,7 @@ static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_d
                 pMP3->pData = pNewData;
                 pMP3->dataCapacity = newDataCap;
             }
-            bytesRead = ma_dr_mp3__on_read(pMP3, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataSize, (pMP3->dataCapacity - pMP3->dataSize));
+            bytesRead = ma_dr_mp3__on_read_clamped(pMP3, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataSize, (pMP3->dataCapacity - pMP3->dataSize));
             if (bytesRead == 0) {
                 if (pMP3->dataSize == 0) {
                     pMP3->atEnd = MA_TRUE;
@@ -92578,16 +94615,20 @@ static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_d
             return 0;
         }
         pcmFramesRead = ma_dr_mp3dec_decode_frame(&pMP3->decoder, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataConsumed, (int)pMP3->dataSize, pPCMFrames, &info);
-        if (info.frame_bytes > 0) {
-            pMP3->dataConsumed += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
-            pMP3->dataSize     -= (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
-        }
+        pMP3->dataConsumed += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
+        pMP3->dataSize     -= (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
         if (pcmFramesRead > 0) {
             pcmFramesRead = ma_dr_mp3_hdr_frame_samples(pMP3->decoder.header);
             pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame = 0;
             pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame = pcmFramesRead;
             pMP3->mp3FrameChannels = info.channels;
-            pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate = info.hz;
+            pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate = info.sample_rate;
+            if (pMP3FrameInfo != NULL) {
+                *pMP3FrameInfo = info;
+            }
+            if (ppMP3FrameData != NULL) {
+                *ppMP3FrameData = pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataConsumed - (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
+            }
             break;
         } else if (info.frame_bytes == 0) {
             size_t bytesRead;
@@ -92604,7 +94645,7 @@ static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_d
                 pMP3->pData = pNewData;
                 pMP3->dataCapacity = newDataCap;
             }
-            bytesRead = ma_dr_mp3__on_read(pMP3, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataSize, (pMP3->dataCapacity - pMP3->dataSize));
+            bytesRead = ma_dr_mp3__on_read_clamped(pMP3, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataSize, (pMP3->dataCapacity - pMP3->dataSize));
             if (bytesRead == 0) {
                 pMP3->atEnd = MA_TRUE;
                 return 0;
@@ -92614,7 +94655,7 @@ static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_d
     };
     return pcmFramesRead;
 }
-static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__memory(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames)
+static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__memory(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames, ma_dr_mp3dec_frame_info* pMP3FrameInfo, const ma_uint8** ppMP3FrameData)
 {
     ma_uint32 pcmFramesRead = 0;
     ma_dr_mp3dec_frame_info info;
@@ -92630,36 +94671,44 @@ static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__memory(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_m
             pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame  = 0;
             pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame = pcmFramesRead;
             pMP3->mp3FrameChannels             = info.channels;
-            pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate           = info.hz;
+            pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate           = info.sample_rate;
+            if (pMP3FrameInfo != NULL) {
+                *pMP3FrameInfo = info;
+            }
+            if (ppMP3FrameData != NULL) {
+                *ppMP3FrameData = pMP3->memory.pData + pMP3->memory.currentReadPos;
+            }
             break;
         } else if (info.frame_bytes > 0) {
             pMP3->memory.currentReadPos += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
+            pMP3->streamCursor          += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
         } else {
             break;
         }
     }
     pMP3->memory.currentReadPos += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
+    pMP3->streamCursor          += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
     return pcmFramesRead;
 }
-static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames)
+static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames, ma_dr_mp3dec_frame_info* pMP3FrameInfo, const ma_uint8** ppMP3FrameData)
 {
     if (pMP3->memory.pData != NULL && pMP3->memory.dataSize > 0) {
-        return ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__memory(pMP3, pPCMFrames);
+        return ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__memory(pMP3, pPCMFrames, pMP3FrameInfo, ppMP3FrameData);
     } else {
-        return ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(pMP3, pPCMFrames);
+        return ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(pMP3, pPCMFrames, pMP3FrameInfo, ppMP3FrameData);
     }
 }
 static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3)
 {
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
-    return ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pMP3->pcmFrames);
+    return ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pMP3->pcmFrames, NULL, NULL);
 }
 #if 0
 static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_seek_next_frame(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3)
 {
     ma_uint32 pcmFrameCount;
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
-    pcmFrameCount = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
+    pcmFrameCount = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL, NULL, NULL);
     if (pcmFrameCount == 0) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -92669,33 +94718,252 @@ static ma_uint32 ma_dr_mp3_seek_next_frame(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3)
     return pcmFrameCount;
 }
 #endif
-static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMeta, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
+    ma_dr_mp3dec_frame_info firstFrameInfo;
+    const ma_uint8* pFirstFrameData;
+    ma_uint32 firstFramePCMFrameCount;
+    ma_uint32 detectedMP3FrameCount = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(onRead != NULL);
     ma_dr_mp3dec_init(&pMP3->decoder);
     pMP3->onRead = onRead;
     pMP3->onSeek = onSeek;
+    pMP3->onMeta = onMeta;
     pMP3->pUserData = pUserData;
+    pMP3->pUserDataMeta = pUserDataMeta;
     pMP3->allocationCallbacks = ma_dr_mp3_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (pMP3->allocationCallbacks.onFree == NULL || (pMP3->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc == NULL && pMP3->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc == NULL)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    if (ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame(pMP3) == 0) {
+    pMP3->streamCursor       = 0;
+    pMP3->streamLength       = MA_UINT64_MAX;
+    pMP3->streamStartOffset  = 0;
+    pMP3->delayInPCMFrames   = 0;
+    pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames = 0;
+    pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount = MA_UINT64_MAX;
+    #if 1
+    if (onSeek != NULL && onTell != NULL) {
+        if (onSeek(pUserData, 0, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END)) {
+            ma_int64 streamLen;
+            int streamEndOffset = 0;
+            if (onTell(pUserData, &streamLen)) {
+                if (streamLen > 128) {
+                    char id3[3];
+                    if (onSeek(pUserData, streamEndOffset - 128, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END)) {
+                        if (onRead(pUserData, id3, 3) == 3 && id3[0] == 'T' && id3[1] == 'A' && id3[2] == 'G') {
+                            streamEndOffset -= 128;
+                            streamLen       -= 128;
+                            if (onMeta != NULL) {
+                                ma_uint8 tag[128];
+                                tag[0] = 'T'; tag[1] = 'A'; tag[2] = 'G';
+                                if (onRead(pUserData, tag + 3, 125) == 125) {
+                                    ma_dr_mp3__on_meta(pMP3, MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_ID3V1, tag, 128);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                    }
+                } else {
+                }
+                if (streamLen > 32) {
+                    char ape[32];
+                    if (onSeek(pUserData, streamEndOffset - 32, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END)) {
+                        if (onRead(pUserData, ape, 32) == 32 && ape[0] == 'A' && ape[1] == 'P' && ape[2] == 'E' && ape[3] == 'T' && ape[4] == 'A' && ape[5] == 'G' && ape[6] == 'E' && ape[7] == 'X') {
+                            ma_uint32 tagSize =
+                                ((ma_uint32)ape[24] << 0)  |
+                                ((ma_uint32)ape[25] << 8)  |
+                                ((ma_uint32)ape[26] << 16) |
+                                ((ma_uint32)ape[27] << 24);
+                            if (32 + tagSize < streamLen) {
+                                streamEndOffset -= 32 + tagSize;
+                                streamLen       -= 32 + tagSize;
+                                if (onMeta != NULL) {
+                                    if (onSeek(pUserData, streamEndOffset, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END)) {
+                                        size_t apeTagSize = (size_t)tagSize + 32;
+                                        ma_uint8* pTagData = (ma_uint8*)ma_dr_mp3_malloc(apeTagSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                                        if (pTagData != NULL) {
+                                            if (onRead(pUserData, pTagData, apeTagSize) == apeTagSize) {
+                                                ma_dr_mp3__on_meta(pMP3, MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_APE, pTagData, apeTagSize);
+                                            }
+                                            ma_dr_mp3_free(pTagData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                }
+                if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET)) {
+                    return MA_FALSE;
+                }
+                pMP3->streamLength = (ma_uint64)streamLen;
+                if (pMP3->memory.pData != NULL) {
+                    pMP3->memory.dataSize = (size_t)pMP3->streamLength;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET)) {
+                    return MA_FALSE;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+        }
+    } else {
+    }
+    #endif
+    #if 1
+    {
+        char header[10];
+        if (onRead(pUserData, header, 10) == 10) {
+            if (header[0] == 'I' && header[1] == 'D' && header[2] == '3') {
+                ma_uint32 tagSize =
+                    (((ma_uint32)header[6] & 0x7F) << 21) |
+                    (((ma_uint32)header[7] & 0x7F) << 14) |
+                    (((ma_uint32)header[8] & 0x7F) << 7)  |
+                    (((ma_uint32)header[9] & 0x7F) << 0);
+                if (header[5] & 0x10) {
+                    tagSize += 10;
+                }
+                if (onMeta != NULL) {
+                    size_t tagSizeWithHeader = 10 + tagSize;
+                    ma_uint8* pTagData = (ma_uint8*)ma_dr_mp3_malloc(tagSizeWithHeader, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    if (pTagData != NULL) {
+                        MA_DR_MP3_COPY_MEMORY(pTagData, header, 10);
+                        if (onRead(pUserData, pTagData + 10, tagSize) == tagSize) {
+                            ma_dr_mp3__on_meta(pMP3, MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_ID3V2, pTagData, tagSizeWithHeader);
+                        }
+                        ma_dr_mp3_free(pTagData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (onSeek != NULL) {
+                        if (!onSeek(pUserData, tagSize, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_CUR)) {
+                            return MA_FALSE;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        char discard[1024];
+                        while (tagSize > 0) {
+                            size_t bytesToRead = tagSize;
+                            if (bytesToRead > sizeof(discard)) {
+                                bytesToRead = sizeof(discard);
+                            }
+                            if (onRead(pUserData, discard, bytesToRead) != bytesToRead) {
+                                return MA_FALSE;
+                            }
+                            tagSize -= (ma_uint32)bytesToRead;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                pMP3->streamStartOffset += 10 + tagSize;
+                pMP3->streamCursor = pMP3->streamStartOffset;
+            } else {
+                if (onSeek != NULL) {
+                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET)) {
+                        return MA_FALSE;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            return MA_FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+    #endif
+    firstFramePCMFrameCount = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pMP3->pcmFrames, &firstFrameInfo, &pFirstFrameData);
+    if (firstFramePCMFrameCount > 0) {
+        MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pFirstFrameData != NULL);
+        #if 1
+        MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(firstFrameInfo.frame_bytes > 0);
+        {
+            ma_dr_mp3_bs bs;
+            ma_dr_mp3_L3_gr_info grInfo[4];
+            ma_dr_mp3_bs_init(&bs, pFirstFrameData + MA_DR_MP3_HDR_SIZE, firstFrameInfo.frame_bytes - MA_DR_MP3_HDR_SIZE);
+            if (MA_DR_MP3_HDR_IS_CRC(pFirstFrameData)) {
+                ma_dr_mp3_bs_get_bits(&bs, 16);
+            }
+            if (ma_dr_mp3_L3_read_side_info(&bs, grInfo, pFirstFrameData) >= 0) {
+                ma_bool32 isXing = MA_FALSE;
+                ma_bool32 isInfo = MA_FALSE;
+                const ma_uint8* pTagData;
+                const ma_uint8* pTagDataBeg;
+                pTagDataBeg = pFirstFrameData + MA_DR_MP3_HDR_SIZE + (bs.pos/8);
+                pTagData    = pTagDataBeg;
+                isXing = (pTagData[0] == 'X' && pTagData[1] == 'i' && pTagData[2] == 'n' && pTagData[3] == 'g');
+                isInfo = (pTagData[0] == 'I' && pTagData[1] == 'n' && pTagData[2] == 'f' && pTagData[3] == 'o');
+                if (isXing || isInfo) {
+                    ma_uint32 bytes = 0;
+                    ma_uint32 flags = pTagData[7];
+                    pTagData += 8;
+                    if (flags & 0x01) {
+                        detectedMP3FrameCount = (ma_uint32)pTagData[0] << 24 | (ma_uint32)pTagData[1] << 16 | (ma_uint32)pTagData[2] << 8 | (ma_uint32)pTagData[3];
+                        pTagData += 4;
+                    }
+                    if (flags & 0x02) {
+                        bytes  = (ma_uint32)pTagData[0] << 24 | (ma_uint32)pTagData[1] << 16 | (ma_uint32)pTagData[2] << 8 | (ma_uint32)pTagData[3];
+                        (void)bytes;
+                        pTagData += 4;
+                    }
+                    if (flags & 0x04) {
+                        pTagData += 100;
+                    }
+                    if (flags & 0x08) {
+                        pTagData += 4;
+                    }
+                    if (pTagData[0]) {
+                        pTagData += 21;
+                        if (pTagData - pFirstFrameData + 14 < firstFrameInfo.frame_bytes) {
+                            int delayInPCMFrames;
+                            int paddingInPCMFrames;
+                            delayInPCMFrames   = (( (ma_uint32)pTagData[0]        << 4) | ((ma_uint32)pTagData[1] >> 4)) + (528 + 1);
+                            paddingInPCMFrames = ((((ma_uint32)pTagData[1] & 0xF) << 8) | ((ma_uint32)pTagData[2]     )) - (528 + 1);
+                            if (paddingInPCMFrames < 0) {
+                                paddingInPCMFrames = 0;
+                            }
+                            pMP3->delayInPCMFrames   = (ma_uint32)delayInPCMFrames;
+                            pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames = (ma_uint32)paddingInPCMFrames;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (isXing) {
+                        pMP3->isVBR = MA_TRUE;
+                    } else if (isInfo) {
+                        pMP3->isCBR = MA_TRUE;
+                    }
+                    if (onMeta != NULL) {
+                        ma_dr_mp3_metadata_type metadataType = isXing ? MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_XING : MA_DR_MP3_METADATA_TYPE_VBRI;
+                        size_t tagDataSize;
+                        tagDataSize  = (size_t)firstFrameInfo.frame_bytes;
+                        tagDataSize -= (size_t)(pTagDataBeg - pFirstFrameData);
+                        ma_dr_mp3__on_meta(pMP3, metadataType, pTagDataBeg, tagDataSize);
+                    }
+                    pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame = 0;
+                    pMP3->streamStartOffset += (ma_uint32)(firstFrameInfo.frame_bytes);
+                    pMP3->streamCursor = pMP3->streamStartOffset;
+                    ma_dr_mp3dec_init(&pMP3->decoder);
+                }
+            } else {
+            }
+        }
+        #endif
+    } else {
         ma_dr_mp3__free_from_callbacks(pMP3->pData, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
+    if (detectedMP3FrameCount != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount = detectedMP3FrameCount * firstFramePCMFrameCount;
+    }
     pMP3->channels   = pMP3->mp3FrameChannels;
     pMP3->sampleRate = pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate;
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc onTell, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     if (pMP3 == NULL || onRead == NULL) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_OBJECT(pMP3);
-    return ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(pMP3, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    return ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(pMP3, onRead, onSeek, onTell, onMeta, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
 }
 static size_t ma_dr_mp3__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
 {
@@ -92716,29 +94984,39 @@ static size_t ma_dr_mp3__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_
 static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_memory(void* pUserData, int byteOffset, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin origin)
 {
     ma_dr_mp3* pMP3 = (ma_dr_mp3*)pUserData;
+    ma_int64 newCursor;
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
-    if (origin == ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_current) {
-        if (byteOffset > 0) {
-            if (pMP3->memory.currentReadPos + byteOffset > pMP3->memory.dataSize) {
-                byteOffset = (int)(pMP3->memory.dataSize - pMP3->memory.currentReadPos);
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (pMP3->memory.currentReadPos < (size_t)-byteOffset) {
-                byteOffset = -(int)pMP3->memory.currentReadPos;
-            }
-        }
-        pMP3->memory.currentReadPos += byteOffset;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET) {
+        newCursor = 0;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_CUR) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)pMP3->memory.currentReadPos;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END) {
+        newCursor = (ma_int64)pMP3->memory.dataSize;
     } else {
-        if ((ma_uint32)byteOffset <= pMP3->memory.dataSize) {
-            pMP3->memory.currentReadPos = byteOffset;
-        } else {
-            pMP3->memory.currentReadPos = pMP3->memory.dataSize;
-        }
+        MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(!"Invalid seek origin");
+        return MA_FALSE;
     }
+    newCursor += byteOffset;
+    if (newCursor < 0) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    if ((size_t)newCursor > pMP3->memory.dataSize) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    pMP3->memory.currentReadPos = (size_t)newCursor;
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_memory(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3__on_tell_memory(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
 {
+    ma_dr_mp3* pMP3 = (ma_dr_mp3*)pUserData;
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);
+    *pCursor = (ma_int64)pMP3->memory.currentReadPos;
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_memory_with_metadata(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserDataMeta, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    ma_bool32 result;
     if (pMP3 == NULL) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
@@ -92749,7 +95027,21 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_memory(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_
     pMP3->memory.pData = (const ma_uint8*)pData;
     pMP3->memory.dataSize = dataSize;
     pMP3->memory.currentReadPos = 0;
-    return ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(pMP3, ma_dr_mp3__on_read_memory, ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_memory, pMP3, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    result = ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(pMP3, ma_dr_mp3__on_read_memory, ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_memory, ma_dr_mp3__on_tell_memory, onMeta, pMP3, pUserDataMeta, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    if (result == MA_FALSE) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    if (pMP3->streamLength <= (ma_uint64)MA_SIZE_MAX) {
+        pMP3->memory.dataSize = (size_t)pMP3->streamLength;
+    }
+    if (pMP3->streamStartOffset > (ma_uint64)MA_SIZE_MAX) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_memory(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    return ma_dr_mp3_init_memory_with_metadata(pMP3, pData, dataSize, NULL, NULL, pAllocationCallbacks);
 }
 #ifndef MA_DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -92760,36 +95052,76 @@ static size_t ma_dr_mp3__on_read_stdio(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t
 }
 static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin origin)
 {
-    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, (origin == ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
+    int whence = SEEK_SET;
+    if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_CUR) {
+        whence = SEEK_CUR;
+    } else if (origin == MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_END) {
+        whence = SEEK_END;
+    }
+    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, whence) == 0;
 }
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const char* pFilePath, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3__on_tell_stdio(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor)
+{
+    FILE* pFileStdio = (FILE*)pUserData;
+    ma_int64 result;
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pFileStdio != NULL);
+    MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pCursor    != NULL);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(NXDK)
+    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1200
+        result = _ftelli64(pFileStdio);
+    #else
+        result = ftell(pFileStdio);
+    #endif
+#else
+    result = ftell(pFileStdio);
+#endif
+    *pCursor = result;
+    return MA_TRUE;
+}
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file_with_metadata(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const char* pFilePath, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserDataMeta, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_bool32 result;
     FILE* pFile;
+    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_OBJECT(pMP3);
     if (ma_fopen(&pFile, pFilePath, "rb") != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    result = ma_dr_mp3_init(pMP3, ma_dr_mp3__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    result = ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(pMP3, ma_dr_mp3__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_stdio, ma_dr_mp3__on_tell_stdio, onMeta, (void*)pFile, pUserDataMeta, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (result != MA_TRUE) {
         fclose(pFile);
         return result;
     }
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
-MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file_w(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file_with_metadata_w(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_dr_mp3_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserDataMeta, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_bool32 result;
     FILE* pFile;
+    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
+        return MA_FALSE;
+    }
+    MA_DR_MP3_ZERO_OBJECT(pMP3);
     if (ma_wfopen(&pFile, pFilePath, L"rb", pAllocationCallbacks) != MA_SUCCESS) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
-    result = ma_dr_mp3_init(pMP3, ma_dr_mp3__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    result = ma_dr_mp3_init_internal(pMP3, ma_dr_mp3__on_read_stdio, ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_stdio, ma_dr_mp3__on_tell_stdio, onMeta, (void*)pFile, pUserDataMeta, pAllocationCallbacks);
     if (result != MA_TRUE) {
         fclose(pFile);
         return result;
     }
     return MA_TRUE;
 }
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const char* pFilePath, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    return ma_dr_mp3_init_file_with_metadata(pMP3, pFilePath, NULL, NULL, pAllocationCallbacks);
+}
+MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_init_file_w(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    return ma_dr_mp3_init_file_with_metadata_w(pMP3, pFilePath, NULL, NULL, pAllocationCallbacks);
+}
 #endif
 MA_API void ma_dr_mp3_uninit(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3)
 {
@@ -92859,17 +95191,38 @@ static ma_uint64 ma_dr_mp3_read_pcm_frames_raw(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint64 frames
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3->onRead != NULL);
     while (framesToRead > 0) {
-        ma_uint32 framesToConsume = (ma_uint32)MA_DR_MP3_MIN(pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame, framesToRead);
+        ma_uint32 framesToConsume;
+        if (pMP3->currentPCMFrame < pMP3->delayInPCMFrames) {
+            ma_uint32 framesToSkip = (ma_uint32)MA_DR_MP3_MIN(pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame, pMP3->delayInPCMFrames - pMP3->currentPCMFrame);
+            pMP3->currentPCMFrame              += framesToSkip;
+            pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame  += framesToSkip;
+            pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame -= framesToSkip;
+        }
+        framesToConsume = (ma_uint32)MA_DR_MP3_MIN(pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame, framesToRead);
+        if (pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount != MA_UINT64_MAX && pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount > pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames) {
+            if (pMP3->currentPCMFrame < (pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount - pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames)) {
+                ma_uint64 framesRemainigToPadding = (pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount - pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames) - pMP3->currentPCMFrame;
+                if (framesToConsume >               framesRemainigToPadding) {
+                    framesToConsume = (ma_uint32)framesRemainigToPadding;
+                }
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
         if (pBufferOut != NULL) {
-        #if defined(MA_DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
-            float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut,          sizeof(float) * totalFramesRead                   * pMP3->channels);
-            float* pFramesInF32  = (float*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(&pMP3->pcmFrames[0], sizeof(float) * pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame * pMP3->mp3FrameChannels);
-            MA_DR_MP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutF32, pFramesInF32, sizeof(float) * framesToConsume * pMP3->channels);
-        #else
-            ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut,          sizeof(ma_int16) * totalFramesRead                   * pMP3->channels);
-            ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (ma_int16*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(&pMP3->pcmFrames[0], sizeof(ma_int16) * pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame * pMP3->mp3FrameChannels);
-            MA_DR_MP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutS16, pFramesInS16, sizeof(ma_int16) * framesToConsume * pMP3->channels);
-        #endif
+            #if defined(MA_DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
+            {
+                float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut,          sizeof(float) * totalFramesRead                   * pMP3->channels);
+                float* pFramesInF32  = (float*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(&pMP3->pcmFrames[0], sizeof(float) * pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame * pMP3->mp3FrameChannels);
+                MA_DR_MP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutF32, pFramesInF32, sizeof(float) * framesToConsume * pMP3->channels);
+            }
+            #else
+            {
+                ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut,          sizeof(ma_int16) * totalFramesRead                   * pMP3->channels);
+                ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (ma_int16*)MA_DR_MP3_OFFSET_PTR(&pMP3->pcmFrames[0], sizeof(ma_int16) * pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame * pMP3->mp3FrameChannels);
+                MA_DR_MP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutS16, pFramesInS16, sizeof(ma_int16) * framesToConsume * pMP3->channels);
+            }
+            #endif
         }
         pMP3->currentPCMFrame              += framesToConsume;
         pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame  += framesToConsume;
@@ -92879,6 +95232,9 @@ static ma_uint64 ma_dr_mp3_read_pcm_frames_raw(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint64 frames
         if (framesToRead == 0) {
             break;
         }
+        if (pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount != MA_UINT64_MAX && pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount > pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames && pMP3->currentPCMFrame >= (pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount - pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames)) {
+            break;
+        }
         MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame == 0);
         if (ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame(pMP3) == 0) {
             break;
@@ -92958,7 +95314,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3)
 {
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
     MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3->onSeek != NULL);
-    if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_start)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_64(pMP3, pMP3->streamStartOffset, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     ma_dr_mp3_reset(pMP3);
@@ -93024,7 +95380,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_seek_to_pcm_frame__seek_table(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uin
         seekPoint.mp3FramesToDiscard = 0;
         seekPoint.pcmFramesToDiscard = 0;
     }
-    if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_64(pMP3, seekPoint.seekPosInBytes, ma_dr_mp3_seek_origin_start)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_mp3__on_seek_64(pMP3, seekPoint.seekPosInBytes, MA_DR_MP3_SEEK_SET)) {
         return MA_FALSE;
     }
     ma_dr_mp3_reset(pMP3);
@@ -93035,7 +95391,7 @@ static ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_seek_to_pcm_frame__seek_table(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uin
         if (iMP3Frame == seekPoint.mp3FramesToDiscard-1) {
             pPCMFrames = (ma_dr_mp3d_sample_t*)pMP3->pcmFrames;
         }
-        pcmFramesRead = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, pPCMFrames);
+        pcmFramesRead = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, pPCMFrames, NULL, NULL);
         if (pcmFramesRead == 0) {
             return MA_FALSE;
         }
@@ -93077,7 +95433,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint6
     totalMP3FrameCount = 0;
     for (;;) {
         ma_uint32 pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame;
-        pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
+        pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL, NULL, NULL);
         if (pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame == 0) {
             break;
         }
@@ -93101,10 +95457,26 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint6
 MA_API ma_uint64 ma_dr_mp3_get_pcm_frame_count(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3)
 {
     ma_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
-    if (!ma_dr_mp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(pMP3, NULL, &totalPCMFrameCount)) {
+    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
         return 0;
     }
-    return totalPCMFrameCount;
+    if (pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount != MA_UINT64_MAX) {
+        totalPCMFrameCount = pMP3->totalPCMFrameCount;
+        if (totalPCMFrameCount >= pMP3->delayInPCMFrames) {
+            totalPCMFrameCount -= pMP3->delayInPCMFrames;
+        } else {
+        }
+        if (totalPCMFrameCount >= pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames) {
+            totalPCMFrameCount -= pMP3->paddingInPCMFrames;
+        } else {
+        }
+        return totalPCMFrameCount;
+    } else {
+        if (!ma_dr_mp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(pMP3, NULL, &totalPCMFrameCount)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return totalPCMFrameCount;
+    }
 }
 MA_API ma_uint64 ma_dr_mp3_get_mp3_frame_count(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3)
 {
@@ -93174,7 +95546,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_calculate_seek_points(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint32* pSe
             MA_DR_MP3_ASSERT(pMP3->streamCursor >= pMP3->dataSize);
             mp3FrameInfo[iMP3Frame].bytePos       = pMP3->streamCursor - pMP3->dataSize;
             mp3FrameInfo[iMP3Frame].pcmFrameIndex = runningPCMFrameCount;
-            pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
+            pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL, NULL, NULL);
             if (pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn == 0) {
                 return MA_FALSE;
             }
@@ -93198,7 +95570,7 @@ MA_API ma_bool32 ma_dr_mp3_calculate_seek_points(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_uint32* pSe
                     }
                     mp3FrameInfo[MA_DR_MP3_COUNTOF(mp3FrameInfo)-1].bytePos       = pMP3->streamCursor - pMP3->dataSize;
                     mp3FrameInfo[MA_DR_MP3_COUNTOF(mp3FrameInfo)-1].pcmFrameIndex = runningPCMFrameCount;
-                    pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
+                    pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn = ma_dr_mp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                     if (pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn == 0) {
                         pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].seekPosInBytes     = mp3FrameInfo[0].bytePos;
                         pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].pcmFrameIndex      = nextTargetPCMFrame;
@@ -93264,6 +95636,8 @@ static float* ma_dr_mp3__full_read_and_close_f32(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_conf
             pNewFrames = (float*)ma_dr_mp3__realloc_from_callbacks(pFrames, (size_t)newFramesBufferSize, (size_t)oldFramesBufferSize, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
             if (pNewFrames == NULL) {
                 ma_dr_mp3__free_from_callbacks(pFrames, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
+                pFrames = NULL;
+                totalFramesRead = 0;
                 break;
             }
             pFrames = pNewFrames;
@@ -93315,6 +95689,8 @@ static ma_int16* ma_dr_mp3__full_read_and_close_s16(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_c
             pNewFrames = (ma_int16*)ma_dr_mp3__realloc_from_callbacks(pFrames, (size_t)newFramesBufferSize, (size_t)oldFramesBufferSize, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
             if (pNewFrames == NULL) {
                 ma_dr_mp3__free_from_callbacks(pFrames, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
+                pFrames = NULL;
+                totalFramesRead = 0;
                 break;
             }
             pFrames = pNewFrames;
@@ -93336,18 +95712,18 @@ static ma_int16* ma_dr_mp3__full_read_and_close_s16(ma_dr_mp3* pMP3, ma_dr_mp3_c
     }
     return pFrames;
 }
-MA_API float* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API float* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_mp3 mp3;
-    if (!ma_dr_mp3_init(&mp3, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_mp3_init(&mp3, onRead, onSeek, onTell, NULL, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return ma_dr_mp3__full_read_and_close_f32(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
 }
-MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+MA_API ma_int16* ma_dr_mp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(ma_dr_mp3_read_proc onRead, ma_dr_mp3_seek_proc onSeek, ma_dr_mp3_tell_proc onTell, void* pUserData, ma_dr_mp3_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
 {
     ma_dr_mp3 mp3;
-    if (!ma_dr_mp3_init(&mp3, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
+    if (!ma_dr_mp3_init(&mp3, onRead, onSeek, onTell, NULL, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     return ma_dr_mp3__full_read_and_close_s16(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
diff --git a/examples/quantize/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/quantize/CMakeLists.txt
index 8d2d2e4d487..aa2828e3e45 100644
--- a/examples/quantize/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/quantize/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-set(TARGET quantize)
+set(TARGET whisper-quantize)
 add_executable(${TARGET} quantize.cpp)
 
 include(DefaultTargetOptions)
 
 target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common whisper ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
diff --git a/examples/server.py b/examples/server.py
index 14f677220f3..e47368d8f68 100644
--- a/examples/server.py
+++ b/examples/server.py
@@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ def do_GET(self):
 
             elif actual_path == '/':
                 self.path = '/whisper.wasm/index.html'
-            elif actual_path.startswith('/bench.wasm/') or actual_path.startswith('/command.wasm/') or actual_path.startswith('/stream.wasm/'):
+            elif any(actual_path.startswith(prefix) for prefix in (
+                '/bench.wasm/',
+                '/command.wasm/',
+                '/stream.wasm/',
+                '/wchess.wasm/'
+            )):
                 # Keep the path as is, just remove the context root
                 self.path = actual_path
             # For all other paths under the context root
diff --git a/examples/server/server.cpp b/examples/server/server.cpp
index 8b6c5a96720..f6a7a83181a 100644
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ struct server_params
     std::string public_path = "examples/server/public";
     std::string request_path = "";
     std::string inference_path = "/inference";
+    std::string tmp_dir = ".";
 
     int32_t port          = 8080;
     int32_t read_timeout  = 600;
@@ -101,9 +102,11 @@ struct whisper_params {
     bool print_progress  = false;
     bool no_timestamps   = false;
     bool use_gpu         = true;
-    bool flash_attn      = false;
+    bool flash_attn      = true;
+    int32_t gpu_device   = 0;
     bool suppress_nst    = false;
-    bool no_context      = false;
+    bool no_context      = true;
+    bool no_language_probabilities = false;
 
     std::string language        = "en";
     std::string prompt          = "";
@@ -173,11 +176,14 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
     fprintf(stderr, "  --request-path PATH,           [%-7s] Request path for all requests\n", sparams.request_path.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  --inference-path PATH,         [%-7s] Inference path for all requests\n", sparams.inference_path.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  --convert,                     [%-7s] Convert audio to WAV, requires ffmpeg on the server\n", sparams.ffmpeg_converter ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --tmp-dir,                     [%-7s] Temporary directory for ffmpeg transcoded files\n", sparams.tmp_dir.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -sns,      --suppress-nst      [%-7s] suppress non-speech tokens\n", params.suppress_nst ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -nth N,    --no-speech-thold N [%-7.2f] no speech threshold\n",   params.no_speech_thold);
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -nc,       --no-context        [%-7s] do not use previous audio context\n", params.no_context ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,       --no-gpu            [%-7s] do not use gpu\n", params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,       --flash-attn        [%-7s] flash attention\n", params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -dev N,    --device N          [%-7d] GPU device ID (default: 0)\n", params.gpu_device);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,       --flash-attn        [%-7s] enable flash attention\n", params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,      --no-flash-attn     [%-7s] disable flash attention\n", params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nlp,      --no-language-probabilities [%-7s] exclude language probabilities from verbose_json output\n", params.no_language_probabilities ? "true" : "false");
     // Voice Activity Detection (VAD) parameters
     fprintf(stderr, "\nVoice Activity Detection (VAD) options:\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "             --vad                           [%-7s] enable Voice Activity Detection (VAD)\n",            params.vad ? "true" : "false");
@@ -194,6 +200,10 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
 }
 
 bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params, server_params & sparams) {
+    if (const char * env_device = std::getenv("WHISPER_ARG_DEVICE")) {
+        params.gpu_device = std::stoi(env_device);
+    }
+
     for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
         std::string arg = argv[i];
 
@@ -233,10 +243,12 @@ bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params, serve
         else if (arg == "-oved" || arg == "--ov-e-device")     { params.openvino_encode_device = argv[++i]; }
         else if (arg == "-dtw"  || arg == "--dtw")             { params.dtw             = argv[++i]; }
         else if (arg == "-ng"   || arg == "--no-gpu")          { params.use_gpu         = false; }
+        else if (arg == "-dev"  || arg == "--device")          { params.gpu_device      = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
         else if (arg == "-fa"   || arg == "--flash-attn")      { params.flash_attn      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa"  || arg == "--no-flash-attn")   { params.flash_attn      = false; }
         else if (arg == "-sns"  || arg == "--suppress-nst")    { params.suppress_nst    = true; }
         else if (arg == "-nth"  || arg == "--no-speech-thold") { params.no_speech_thold = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-nc"   || arg == "--no-context")      { params.no_context      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nlp"  || arg == "--no-language-probabilities") { params.no_language_probabilities = true; }
 
         // server params
         else if (                  arg == "--port")            { sparams.port        = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
@@ -245,13 +257,14 @@ bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params, serve
         else if (                  arg == "--request-path")    { sparams.request_path = argv[++i]; }
         else if (                  arg == "--inference-path")  { sparams.inference_path = argv[++i]; }
         else if (                  arg == "--convert")         { sparams.ffmpeg_converter     = true; }
+        else if (                  arg == "--tmp-dir")         { sparams.tmp_dir     = argv[++i]; }
 
         // Voice Activity Detection (VAD)
         else if (                  arg == "--vad")                         { params.vad                         = true; }
         else if (arg == "-vm"   || arg == "--vad-model")                   { params.vad_model                   = argv[++i]; }
         else if (arg == "-vt"   || arg == "--vad-threshold")               { params.vad_threshold               = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
         else if (arg == "-vspd" || arg == "--vad-min-speech-duration-ms")  { params.vad_min_speech_duration_ms  = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
-        else if (arg == "-vsd"  || arg == "--vad-min-silence-duration-ms") { params.vad_min_speech_duration_ms  = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-vsd"  || arg == "--vad-min-silence-duration-ms") { params.vad_min_silence_duration_ms = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
         else if (arg == "-vmsd" || arg == "--vad-max-speech-duration-s")   { params.vad_max_speech_duration_s   = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
         else if (arg == "-vp"   || arg == "--vad-speech-pad-ms")           { params.vad_speech_pad_ms           = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
         else if (arg == "-vo"   || arg == "--vad-samples-overlap")         { params.vad_samples_overlap         = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
@@ -285,7 +298,7 @@ void check_ffmpeg_availibility() {
     }
 }
 
-std::string generate_temp_filename(const std::string &prefix, const std::string &extension) {
+std::string generate_temp_filename(const std::string &path, const std::string &prefix, const std::string &extension) {
     auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     auto now_time_t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
 
@@ -293,7 +306,9 @@ std::string generate_temp_filename(const std::string &prefix, const std::string
     std::uniform_int_distribution<long long> dist(0, 1e9);
 
     std::stringstream ss;
-    ss << prefix
+    ss << path
+       << std::filesystem::path::preferred_separator
+       << prefix
        << "-"
        << std::put_time(std::localtime(&now_time_t), "%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
        << "-"
@@ -567,10 +582,6 @@ void get_req_parameters(const Request & req, whisper_params & params)
     {
         params.suppress_nst = parse_str_to_bool(req.get_file_value("suppress_nst").content);
     }
-    if (req.has_file("no_context"))
-    {
-        params.no_context = parse_str_to_bool(req.get_file_value("no_context").content);
-    }
     if (req.has_file("vad"))
     {
         params.vad = parse_str_to_bool(req.get_file_value("vad").content);
@@ -599,6 +610,10 @@ void get_req_parameters(const Request & req, whisper_params & params)
     {
         params.vad_samples_overlap = std::stof(req.get_file_value("vad_samples_overlap").content);
     }
+    if (req.has_file("no_language_probabilities"))
+    {
+        params.no_language_probabilities = parse_str_to_bool(req.get_file_value("no_language_probabilities").content);
+    }
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -635,6 +650,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     struct whisper_context_params cparams = whisper_context_default_params();
 
     cparams.use_gpu    = params.use_gpu;
+    cparams.gpu_device = params.gpu_device;
     cparams.flash_attn = params.flash_attn;
 
     if (!params.dtw.empty()) {
@@ -674,7 +690,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         if (params.dtw == "large.v3") {
             cparams.dtw_aheads_preset = WHISPER_AHEADS_LARGE_V3;
         }
-
+        if (params.dtw == "large.v3.turbo") { 
+            cparams.dtw_aheads_preset = WHISPER_AHEADS_LARGE_V3_TURBO;
+        }
+        
         if (cparams.dtw_aheads_preset == WHISPER_AHEADS_NONE) {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown DTW preset '%s'\n", params.dtw.c_str());
             return 3;
@@ -729,9 +748,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     <body>
         <h1>Whisper.cpp Server</h1>
 
-        <h2>/inference</h2>
+        <h2>)" + sparams.request_path + sparams.inference_path + R"(</h2>
         <pre>
-    curl 127.0.0.1:)" + std::to_string(sparams.port) + R"(/inference \
+    curl 127.0.0.1:)" + std::to_string(sparams.port) + sparams.request_path + sparams.inference_path + R"( \
     -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" \
     -F file="@&lt;file-path&gt;" \
     -F temperature="0.0" \
@@ -748,7 +767,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
         <div>
             <h2>Try it out</h2>
-            <form action="/inference" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
+            <form action=")" + sparams.request_path + sparams.inference_path + R"(" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
                 <label for="file">Choose an audio file:</label>
                 <input type="file" id="file" name="file" accept="audio/*" required><br>
 
@@ -792,6 +811,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: no 'file' field in the request\n");
             const std::string error_resp = "{\"error\":\"no 'file' field in the request\"}";
+            res.status = 400;
             res.set_content(error_resp, "application/json");
             return;
         }
@@ -810,7 +830,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         if (sparams.ffmpeg_converter) {
             // if file is not wav, convert to wav
             // write to temporary file
-            const std::string temp_filename = generate_temp_filename("whisper-server", ".wav");
+            const std::string temp_filename = generate_temp_filename(sparams.tmp_dir, "whisper-server", ".wav");
             std::ofstream temp_file{temp_filename, std::ios::binary};
             temp_file << audio_file.content;
             temp_file.close();
@@ -818,6 +838,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             std::string error_resp = "{\"error\":\"Failed to execute ffmpeg command.\"}";
             const bool is_converted = convert_to_wav(temp_filename, error_resp);
             if (!is_converted) {
+                res.status = 500;
                 res.set_content(error_resp, "application/json");
                 return;
             }
@@ -827,6 +848,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             {
                 fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read WAV file '%s'\n", temp_filename.c_str());
                 const std::string error_resp = "{\"error\":\"failed to read WAV file\"}";
+                res.status = 400;
                 res.set_content(error_resp, "application/json");
                 std::remove(temp_filename.c_str());
                 return;
@@ -838,6 +860,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             {
                 fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read audio data\n");
                 const std::string error_resp = "{\"error\":\"failed to read audio data\"}";
+                res.status = 400;
                 res.set_content(error_resp, "application/json");
                 return;
             }
@@ -916,7 +939,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             wparams.logprob_thold    = params.logprob_thold;
 
             wparams.no_timestamps    = params.no_timestamps;
-            wparams.token_timestamps = !params.no_timestamps && params.response_format == vjson_format;
+            wparams.token_timestamps = !params.no_timestamps;
             wparams.no_context       = params.no_context;
 
             wparams.suppress_nst     = params.suppress_nst;
@@ -1021,23 +1044,25 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         } else if (params.response_format == vjson_format) {
             /* try to match openai/whisper's Python format */
             std::string results = output_str(ctx, params, pcmf32s); 
-            // Get language probabilities
-            std::vector<float> lang_probs(whisper_lang_max_id() + 1, 0.0f);
-            const auto detected_lang_id = whisper_lang_auto_detect(ctx, 0, params.n_threads, lang_probs.data());
             json jres = json{
                 {"task", params.translate ? "translate" : "transcribe"},
                 {"language", whisper_lang_str_full(whisper_full_lang_id(ctx))},
                 {"duration", float(pcmf32.size())/WHISPER_SAMPLE_RATE},
                 {"text", results},
-                {"segments", json::array()},
-                {"detected_language", whisper_lang_str_full(detected_lang_id)},
-                {"detected_language_probability", lang_probs[detected_lang_id]},
-                {"language_probabilities", json::object()}
+                {"segments", json::array()}
             };
-            // Add all language probabilities
-            for (int i = 0; i <= whisper_lang_max_id(); ++i) {
-                if (lang_probs[i] > 0.001f) { // Only include non-negligible probabilities
-                    jres["language_probabilities"][whisper_lang_str(i)] = lang_probs[i];
+            // Only compute language probabilities if requested (expensive operation)
+            if (!params.no_language_probabilities) {
+                std::vector<float> lang_probs(whisper_lang_max_id() + 1, 0.0f);
+                const auto detected_lang_id = whisper_lang_auto_detect(ctx, 0, params.n_threads, lang_probs.data());
+                jres["detected_language"] = whisper_lang_str_full(detected_lang_id);
+                jres["detected_language_probability"] = lang_probs[detected_lang_id];
+                jres["language_probabilities"] = json::object();
+                // Add all language probabilities
+                for (int i = 0; i <= whisper_lang_max_id(); ++i) {
+                    if (lang_probs[i] > 0.001f) { // Only include non-negligible probabilities
+                        jres["language_probabilities"][whisper_lang_str(i)] = lang_probs[i];
+                    }
                 }
             }
             const int n_segments = whisper_full_n_segments(ctx);
@@ -1106,6 +1131,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: no 'model' field in the request\n");
             const std::string error_resp = "{\"error\":\"no 'model' field in the request\"}";
+            res.status = 400;
             res.set_content(error_resp, "application/json");
             return;
         }
@@ -1114,6 +1140,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: 'model': %s not found!\n", model.c_str());
             const std::string error_resp = "{\"error\":\"model not found!\"}";
+            res.status = 400;
             res.set_content(error_resp, "application/json");
             return;
         }
diff --git a/examples/stream.wasm/README.md b/examples/stream.wasm/README.md
index f3c0c3d7582..431555655ac 100644
--- a/examples/stream.wasm/README.md
+++ b/examples/stream.wasm/README.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Real-time transcription in the browser using WebAssembly
 
-Online demo: https://whisper.ggerganov.com/stream/
+Online demo: https://ggml.ai/whisper.cpp/stream.wasm/
 
 ## Build instructions
 
@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@ cp bin/libstream.js        /path/to/html/
 cp bin/libstream.worker.js /path/to/html/
 ```
 
+> 📝 **Note:** By default this example is built with `WHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=ON`
+> which means that that a separate .wasm file will not be generated. Instead, the
+> WASM module is embedded in the main JS file as a base64 encoded string. To
+> generate a separate .wasm file, you need to disable this option by passing
+> `-DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF`:
+> ```console
+> emcmake cmake .. -DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF
+> ```
+> This will generate a `libstream.wasm` file in the build/bin directory.
+
 > 📝 **Note:** As of Emscripten 3.1.58 (April 2024), separate worker.js files are no
 > longer generated and the worker is embedded in the main JS file. So the worker
 > file will not be geneated for versions later than `3.1.58`.
diff --git a/examples/stream.wasm/emscripten.cpp b/examples/stream.wasm/emscripten.cpp
index 43e71bf23f0..5dff24ad3bd 100644
--- a/examples/stream.wasm/emscripten.cpp
+++ b/examples/stream.wasm/emscripten.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@ void stream_set_status(const std::string & status) {
     g_status = status;
 }
 
-void stream_main(size_t index) {
+void stream_main(size_t index, const std::string & lang) {
     stream_set_status("loading data ...");
 
     struct whisper_full_params wparams = whisper_full_default_params(whisper_sampling_strategy::WHISPER_SAMPLING_GREEDY);
+    bool is_multilingual = whisper_is_multilingual(g_contexts[index]);
 
     wparams.n_threads        = std::min(N_THREAD, (int) std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
     wparams.offset_ms        = 0;
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ void stream_main(size_t index) {
     // disable temperature fallback
     wparams.temperature_inc  = -1.0f;
 
-    wparams.language         = "en";
+    wparams.language         = is_multilingual ? lang.c_str() : "en";
 
     printf("stream: using %d threads\n", wparams.n_threads);
 
@@ -127,9 +128,8 @@ void stream_main(size_t index) {
         g_contexts[index] = nullptr;
     }
 }
-
 EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(stream) {
-    emscripten::function("init", emscripten::optional_override([](const std::string & path_model) {
+    emscripten::function("init", emscripten::optional_override([](const std::string & path_model, const std::string & lang) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < g_contexts.size(); ++i) {
             if (g_contexts[i] == nullptr) {
                 g_contexts[i] = whisper_init_from_file_with_params(path_model.c_str(), whisper_context_default_params());
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(stream) {
                     if (g_worker.joinable()) {
                         g_worker.join();
                     }
-                    g_worker = std::thread([i]() {
-                        stream_main(i);
+                    g_worker = std::thread([i, lang]() {
+                        stream_main(i, lang);
                     });
 
                     return i + 1;
diff --git a/examples/stream.wasm/index-tmpl.html b/examples/stream.wasm/index-tmpl.html
index c831b2f52b7..546d30a5ce4 100644
--- a/examples/stream.wasm/index-tmpl.html
+++ b/examples/stream.wasm/index-tmpl.html
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
                 <a href="../bench.wasm/">bench</a> |
                 <a href="../stream.wasm">stream</a> |
                 <a href="../command.wasm/">command</a> |
+                <a href="../wchess.wasm/">wchess</a> |
 
             <br><br>
 
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
                 Whisper model: <span id="model-whisper-status"></span>
                 <button id="fetch-whisper-tiny-en" onclick="loadWhisper('tiny.en')">tiny.en (75 MB)</button>
                 <button id="fetch-whisper-base-en" onclick="loadWhisper('base.en')">base.en (142 MB)</button>
+                <button id="fetch-whisper-base" onclick="loadWhisper('base')">base (142 MB)</button>
                 <br><br>
                 Quantized models:<br><br>
                 <button id="fetch-whisper-tiny-en-q5_1"   onclick="loadWhisper('tiny-en-q5_1')">tiny.en (Q5_1, 31 MB)</button>
@@ -66,6 +68,77 @@
                 -->
             </div>
 
+            <table>
+                <tr>
+                    <td>
+                        Language:
+                        <select id="language" name="language">
+                            <option value="en">English</option>
+                            <option value="ar">Arabic</option>
+                            <option value="hy">Armenian</option>
+                            <option value="az">Azerbaijani</option>
+                            <option value="eu">Basque</option>
+                            <option value="be">Belarusian</option>
+                            <option value="bn">Bengali</option>
+                            <option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
+                            <option value="ca">Catalan</option>
+                            <option value="zh">Chinese</option>
+                            <option value="hr">Croatian</option>
+                            <option value="cs">Czech</option>
+                            <option value="da">Danish</option>
+                            <option value="nl">Dutch</option>
+                            <option value="en">English</option>
+                            <option value="et">Estonian</option>
+                            <option value="tl">Filipino</option>
+                            <option value="fi">Finnish</option>
+                            <option value="fr">French</option>
+                            <option value="gl">Galician</option>
+                            <option value="ka">Georgian</option>
+                            <option value="de">German</option>
+                            <option value="el">Greek</option>
+                            <option value="gu">Gujarati</option>
+                            <option value="iw">Hebrew</option>
+                            <option value="hi">Hindi</option>
+                            <option value="hu">Hungarian</option>
+                            <option value="is">Icelandic</option>
+                            <option value="id">Indonesian</option>
+                            <option value="ga">Irish</option>
+                            <option value="it">Italian</option>
+                            <option value="ja">Japanese</option>
+                            <option value="kn">Kannada</option>
+                            <option value="ko">Korean</option>
+                            <option value="la">Latin</option>
+                            <option value="lv">Latvian</option>
+                            <option value="lt">Lithuanian</option>
+                            <option value="mk">Macedonian</option>
+                            <option value="ms">Malay</option>
+                            <option value="mt">Maltese</option>
+                            <option value="no">Norwegian</option>
+                            <option value="fa">Persian</option>
+                            <option value="pl">Polish</option>
+                            <option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
+                            <option value="ro">Romanian</option>
+                            <option value="ru">Russian</option>
+                            <option value="sr">Serbian</option>
+                            <option value="sk">Slovak</option>
+                            <option value="sl">Slovenian</option>
+                            <option value="es">Spanish</option>
+                            <option value="sw">Swahili</option>
+                            <option value="sv">Swedish</option>
+                            <option value="ta">Tamil</option>
+                            <option value="te">Telugu</option>
+                            <option value="th">Thai</option>
+                            <option value="tr">Turkish</option>
+                            <option value="uk">Ukrainian</option>
+                            <option value="ur">Urdu</option>
+                            <option value="vi">Vietnamese</option>
+                            <option value="cy">Welsh</option>
+                            <option value="yi">Yiddish</option>
+                        </select>
+                    </td>
+                </tr>
+            </table>
+
             <br>
 
             <div id="input">
@@ -174,16 +247,18 @@
 
             function loadWhisper(model) {
                 let urls = {
-                    'tiny.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en.bin',
-                    'base.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en.bin',
+                    'tiny.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en.bin',
+                    'base.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en.bin',
+                    'base'   : 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.bin',
 
-                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en-q5_1.bin',
                 };
 
                 let sizes = {
                     'tiny.en': 75,
                     'base.en': 142,
+                    'base':     142,
 
                     'tiny-en-q5_1':   31,
                     'base-en-q5_1':   57,
@@ -197,6 +272,7 @@
 
                 document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-tiny-en').style.display = 'none';
                 document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-base-en').style.display = 'none';
+                document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-base').style.display = 'none';
 
                 document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-tiny-en-q5_1').style.display = 'none';
                 document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-base-en-q5_1').style.display = 'none';
@@ -212,6 +288,7 @@
                     var el;
                     el = document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-tiny-en'); if (el) el.style.display = 'inline-block';
                     el = document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-base-en'); if (el) el.style.display = 'inline-block';
+                    el = document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-base'); if (el) el.style.display = 'inline-block';
 
                     el = document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-tiny-en-q5_1'); if (el) el.style.display = 'inline-block';
                     el = document.getElementById('fetch-whisper-base-en-q5_1'); if (el) el.style.display = 'inline-block';
@@ -368,7 +445,7 @@
 
             function onStart() {
                 if (!instance) {
-                    instance = Module.init('whisper.bin');
+                    instance = Module.init('whisper.bin', document.getElementById('language').value);
 
                     if (instance) {
                         printTextarea("js: whisper initialized, instance: " + instance);
diff --git a/examples/stream/stream.cpp b/examples/stream/stream.cpp
index bc6f13fb267..94f9016e075 100644
--- a/examples/stream/stream.cpp
+++ b/examples/stream/stream.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct whisper_params {
     bool tinydiarize   = false;
     bool save_audio    = false; // save audio to wav file
     bool use_gpu       = true;
-    bool flash_attn    = false;
+    bool flash_attn    = true;
 
     std::string language  = "en";
     std::string model     = "models/ggml-base.en.bin";
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ static bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params
         else if (arg == "-sa"   || arg == "--save-audio")    { params.save_audio    = true; }
         else if (arg == "-ng"   || arg == "--no-gpu")        { params.use_gpu       = false; }
         else if (arg == "-fa"   || arg == "--flash-attn")    { params.flash_attn    = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa"  || arg == "--no-flash-attn") { params.flash_attn    = false; }
 
         else {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown argument: %s\n", arg.c_str());
@@ -111,7 +112,8 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
     fprintf(stderr, "  -tdrz,    --tinydiarize   [%-7s] enable tinydiarize (requires a tdrz model)\n",     params.tinydiarize ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -sa,      --save-audio    [%-7s] save the recorded audio to a file\n",              params.save_audio ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,      --no-gpu        [%-7s] disable GPU inference\n",                          params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,      --flash-attn    [%-7s] flash attention during inference\n",               params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,      --flash-attn    [%-7s] enable flash attention during inference\n",        params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,     --no-flash-attn [%-7s] disable flash attention during inference\n",       params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 }
 
@@ -163,6 +165,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     cparams.flash_attn = params.flash_attn;
 
     struct whisper_context * ctx = whisper_init_from_file_with_params(params.model.c_str(), cparams);
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize whisper context\n");
+        return 2;
+    }
 
     std::vector<float> pcmf32    (n_samples_30s, 0.0f);
     std::vector<float> pcmf32_old;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/talk-llama/CMakeLists.txt
index 13ecced8285..1adeef8f511 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ if (WHISPER_SDL2)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 
+    file(GLOB SRC_MODELS models/*.cpp)
+
     set(TARGET whisper-talk-llama)
     add_executable(${TARGET} talk-llama.cpp
         llama.cpp
@@ -16,23 +18,26 @@ if (WHISPER_SDL2)
         llama-hparams.cpp
         llama-impl.cpp
         llama-io.cpp
-        llama-kv-cache-unified.cpp
-        llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.cpp
+        llama-kv-cache.cpp
+        llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp
         llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
         llama-memory-hybrid.cpp
+        llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.cpp
         llama-memory.cpp
         llama-mmap.cpp
         llama-model-loader.cpp
         llama-model-saver.cpp
         llama-model.cpp
         llama-quant.cpp
-        llama-sampling.cpp
+        llama-sampler.cpp
         llama-vocab.cpp
         unicode.cpp
-        unicode-data.cpp)
-    target_include_directories(${TARGET} PRIVATE ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+        unicode-data.cpp
+        ${SRC_MODELS})
+    target_include_directories(${TARGET} PRIVATE . ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 
     target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common common-sdl whisper ${SDL2_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+    install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
 
     if(WIN32)
         # It requires Windows 8.1 or later for PrefetchVirtualMemory
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.cpp
index 8d94034aed9..d6a5800e63a 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <map>
 #include <cassert>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
 // vec
@@ -163,13 +164,38 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
 
     // check metadata
     {
+        const gguf_context * gguf_ctx = ctx_gguf.get();
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: Dumping metadata keys/values.\n", __func__);
+
+        // get metadata as string
+        for (int i = 0; i < gguf_get_n_kv(gguf_ctx); i++) {
+            gguf_type type = gguf_get_kv_type(gguf_ctx, i);
+            const std::string type_name =
+                type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY
+                ? format("%s[%s,%zu]", gguf_type_name(type), gguf_type_name(gguf_get_arr_type(gguf_ctx, i)), gguf_get_arr_n(gguf_ctx, i))
+                : gguf_type_name(type);
+            const char * name = gguf_get_key(gguf_ctx, i);
+            const std::string value = gguf_kv_to_str(gguf_ctx, i);
+
+            if (type != GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                adapter.gguf_kv.emplace(name, value);
+            }
+
+            const size_t MAX_VALUE_LEN = 40;
+            std::string print_value = value.size() > MAX_VALUE_LEN ? format("%s...", value.substr(0, MAX_VALUE_LEN - 3).c_str()) : value;
+            replace_all(print_value, "\n", "\\n");
+
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: - kv %3d: %42s %-16s = %s\n", __func__, i, name, type_name.c_str(), print_value.c_str());
+        }
+
         auto get_kv_str = [&](const std::string & key) -> std::string {
-            int id = gguf_find_key(ctx_gguf.get(), key.c_str());
-            return id < 0 ? "" : std::string(gguf_get_val_str(ctx_gguf.get(), id));
+            int id = gguf_find_key(gguf_ctx, key.c_str());
+            return id < 0 ? "" : std::string(gguf_get_val_str(gguf_ctx, id));
         };
         auto get_kv_f32 = [&](const std::string & key) -> float {
-            int id = gguf_find_key(ctx_gguf.get(), key.c_str());
-            return id < 0 ? 0.0f : gguf_get_val_f32(ctx_gguf.get(), id);
+            int id = gguf_find_key(gguf_ctx, key.c_str());
+            return id < 0 ? 0.0f : gguf_get_val_f32(gguf_ctx, id);
         };
         LLM_KV llm_kv = LLM_KV(LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN);
 
@@ -190,6 +216,26 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
         }
 
         adapter.alpha = get_kv_f32(llm_kv(LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_ALPHA));
+
+        // parse alora invocation sequence vector
+        const auto & key = llm_kv(LLM_KV_ADAPTER_ALORA_INVOCATION_TOKENS);
+        const int kid = gguf_find_key(ctx_gguf.get(), key.c_str());
+        if (kid >= 0) {
+            if (gguf_get_kv_type(ctx_gguf.get(), kid) != GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("invalid gguf type for " + key);
+            }
+            const auto arr_type = gguf_get_arr_type(ctx_gguf.get(), kid);
+            if (arr_type != GGUF_TYPE_UINT32) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("invalid gguf element type for " + key);
+            }
+            const size_t seq_len = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx_gguf.get(), kid);
+            const void * data = gguf_get_arr_data(ctx_gguf.get(), kid);
+            adapter.alora_invocation_tokens.resize(seq_len);
+            std::copy(
+                (const llama_token *)data,
+                (const llama_token *)data + seq_len,
+                adapter.alora_invocation_tokens.begin());
+        }
     }
 
     int n_tensors = gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx_gguf.get());
@@ -365,6 +411,9 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
         }
     }
 
+    // register adapter with model
+    model.loras.insert(&adapter);
+
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loaded %zu tensors from lora file\n", __func__, adapter.ab_map.size()*2);
 }
 
@@ -383,6 +432,57 @@ llama_adapter_lora * llama_adapter_lora_init(llama_model * model, const char * p
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-void llama_adapter_lora_free(llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
-    delete adapter;
+int32_t llama_adapter_meta_val_str(const llama_adapter_lora * adapter, const char * key, char * buf, size_t buf_size) {
+    const auto & it = adapter->gguf_kv.find(key);
+    if (it == adapter->gguf_kv.end()) {
+        if (buf_size > 0) {
+            buf[0] = '\0';
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%s", it->second.c_str());
+}
+
+int32_t llama_adapter_meta_count(const llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
+    return (int)adapter->gguf_kv.size();
+}
+
+int32_t llama_adapter_meta_key_by_index(const llama_adapter_lora * adapter, int i, char * buf, size_t buf_size) {
+    if (i < 0 || i >= (int)adapter->gguf_kv.size()) {
+        if (buf_size > 0) {
+            buf[0] = '\0';
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    auto it = adapter->gguf_kv.begin();
+    std::advance(it, i);
+    return snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%s", it->first.c_str());
+}
+
+int32_t llama_adapter_meta_val_str_by_index(const llama_adapter_lora * adapter, int32_t i, char * buf, size_t buf_size) {
+    if (i < 0 || i >= (int)adapter->gguf_kv.size()) {
+        if (buf_size > 0) {
+            buf[0] = '\0';
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    auto it = adapter->gguf_kv.begin();
+    std::advance(it, i);
+    return snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%s", it->second.c_str());
+}
+
+void llama_adapter_lora_free(llama_adapter_lora *) {
+    // deprecated: adapters are freed by llama_model's destructor
+}
+
+uint64_t llama_adapter_get_alora_n_invocation_tokens(const struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
+    if (!adapter) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return adapter->alora_invocation_tokens.size();
+}
+
+const llama_token * llama_adapter_get_alora_invocation_tokens(const llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(adapter);
+    return adapter->alora_invocation_tokens.data();
 }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.h
index 65824e97276..aa3ab63ad75 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-adapter.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ struct llama_adapter_cvec {
     std::vector<ggml_tensor *> tensors; // per layer
 };
 
+using llama_adapter_cvec_ptr = std::shared_ptr<llama_adapter_cvec>;
+
 //
 // llama_adapter_lora
 //
@@ -67,10 +69,21 @@ struct llama_adapter_lora {
 
     float alpha;
 
+    // gguf metadata
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> gguf_kv;
+
+    // activated lora (aLoRA)
+    std::vector<llama_token> alora_invocation_tokens;
+
     llama_adapter_lora() = default;
     ~llama_adapter_lora() = default;
 
     llama_adapter_lora_weight * get_weight(ggml_tensor * w);
+
+    uint32_t get_n_nodes() const {
+        return ab_map.size() * 6u; // a, b, scale, add, 2 x mul_mat
+    }
 };
 
 using llama_adapter_loras = std::unordered_map<llama_adapter_lora *, float>;
+using llama_adapter_loras_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llama_adapter_loras>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.cpp
index 8dadef204f9..799d16167ba 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 
 #include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
 
 static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
+    { LLM_ARCH_CLIP,             "clip"             }, // dummy, only used by llama-quantize
     { LLM_ARCH_LLAMA,            "llama"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4,           "llama4"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_DECI,             "deci"             },
@@ -18,10 +21,13 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
     { LLM_ARCH_STARCODER,        "starcoder"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_REFACT,           "refact"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_BERT,             "bert"             },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT,      "modern-bert"      },
     { LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT,       "nomic-bert"       },
     { LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE,   "nomic-bert-moe"   },
     { LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT,         "neo-bert"         },
     { LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2,     "jina-bert-v2"     },
+    { LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3,     "jina-bert-v3"     },
+    { LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT,         "eurobert"         },
     { LLM_ARCH_BLOOM,            "bloom"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_STABLELM,         "stablelm"         },
     { LLM_ARCH_QWEN,             "qwen"             },
@@ -30,10 +36,17 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
     { LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL,          "qwen2vl"          },
     { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3,            "qwen3"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE,         "qwen3moe"         },
+    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT,        "qwen3next"        },
+    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL,          "qwen3vl"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE,       "qwen3vlmoe"       },
+    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN35,           "qwen35"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE,        "qwen35moe"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_PHI2,             "phi2"             },
     { LLM_ARCH_PHI3,             "phi3"             },
     { LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE,           "phimoe"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_PLAMO,            "plamo"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2,           "plamo2"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_PLAMO3,           "plamo3"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_CODESHELL,        "codeshell"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_ORION,            "orion"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_INTERNLM2,        "internlm2"        },
@@ -42,8 +55,13 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
     { LLM_ARCH_GEMMA,            "gemma"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_GEMMA2,           "gemma2"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3,           "gemma3"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N,          "gemma3n"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING,  "gemma-embedding"  },
     { LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2,       "starcoder2"       },
     { LLM_ARCH_MAMBA,            "mamba"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2,           "mamba2"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_JAMBA,            "jamba"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1,        "falcon-h1"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_XVERSE,           "xverse"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_COMMAND_R,        "command-r"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_COHERE2,          "cohere2"          },
@@ -57,64 +75,125 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
     { LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2,        "deepseek2"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM,          "chatglm"          },
     { LLM_ARCH_GLM4,             "glm4"             },
+    { LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE,         "glm4moe"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA,          "glm-dsa"          },
     { LLM_ARCH_BITNET,           "bitnet"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_T5,               "t5"               },
     { LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER,        "t5encoder"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_JAIS,             "jais"             },
+    { LLM_ARCH_JAIS2,            "jais2"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON,         "nemotron"         },
+    { LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H,       "nemotron_h"       },
+    { LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE,   "nemotron_h_moe"   },
     { LLM_ARCH_EXAONE,           "exaone"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_EXAONE4,          "exaone4"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_EXAONE_MOE,       "exaone-moe"       },
     { LLM_ARCH_RWKV6,            "rwkv6"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2,       "rwkv6qwen2"       },
     { LLM_ARCH_RWKV7,            "rwkv7"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7,           "arwkv7"           },
     { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,          "granite"          },
     { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE,      "granitemoe"       },
+    { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID,   "granitehybrid"    },
     { LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON,        "chameleon"        },
     { LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC, "wavtokenizer-dec" },
     { LLM_ARCH_PLM,              "plm"              },
     { LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE,       "bailingmoe"       },
+    { LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2,      "bailingmoe2"      },
     { LLM_ARCH_DOTS1,            "dots1"            },
     { LLM_ARCH_ARCEE,            "arcee"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_AFMOE,            "afmoe"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5,         "ernie4_5"         },
+    { LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE,     "ernie4_5-moe"     },
+    { LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_MOE,      "hunyuan-moe"      },
+    { LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_DENSE,    "hunyuan-dense"    },
+    { LLM_ARCH_SMOLLM3,          "smollm3"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE,       "gpt-oss"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_LFM2,             "lfm2"             },
+    { LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE,          "lfm2moe"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_DREAM,            "dream"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER,     "smallthinker"     },
+    { LLM_ARCH_LLADA,            "llada"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE,        "llada-moe"        },
+    { LLM_ARCH_SEED_OSS,         "seed_oss"         },
+    { LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE,         "grovemoe"         },
+    { LLM_ARCH_APERTUS,          "apertus"          },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MINIMAX_M2,       "minimax-m2"       },
+    { LLM_ARCH_COGVLM,           "cogvlm"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_RND1,             "rnd1"             },
+    { LLM_ARCH_PANGU_EMBED,      "pangu-embedded"   },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3,         "mistral3"         },
+    { LLM_ARCH_PADDLEOCR,        "paddleocr"        },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MIMO2,            "mimo2"            },
+    { LLM_ARCH_STEP35,           "step35"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED,      "llama-embed"      },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MAINCODER,        "maincoder"        },
+    { LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR,      "kimi-linear"      },
     { LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,          "(unknown)"        },
 };
 
 static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_TYPE,                 "general.type"                          },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE,         "general.architecture"                  },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_QUANTIZATION_VERSION, "general.quantization_version"          },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT,            "general.alignment"                     },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_FILE_TYPE,            "general.file_type"                     },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME,                 "general.name"                          },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_AUTHOR,               "general.author"                        },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_VERSION,              "general.version"                       },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_URL,                  "general.url"                           },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_DESCRIPTION,          "general.description"                   },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_LICENSE,              "general.license"                       },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SOURCE_URL,           "general.source.url"                    },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SOURCE_HF_REPO,       "general.source.huggingface.repository" },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_TYPE,                     "general.type"                          },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE,             "general.architecture"                  },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_QUANTIZATION_VERSION,     "general.quantization_version"          },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT,                "general.alignment"                     },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_FILE_TYPE,                "general.file_type"                     },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_SEQUENCE,        "general.sampling.sequence"             },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_TOP_K,           "general.sampling.top_k"                },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_TOP_P,           "general.sampling.top_p"                },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIN_P,           "general.sampling.min_p"                },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_XTC_PROBABILITY, "general.sampling.xtc_probability"      },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_XTC_THRESHOLD,   "general.sampling.xtc_threshold"        },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_TEMP,            "general.sampling.temp"                 },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_PENALTY_LAST_N,  "general.sampling.penalty_last_n"       },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_PENALTY_REPEAT,  "general.sampling.penalty_repeat"       },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT,        "general.sampling.mirostat"             },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_TAU,    "general.sampling.mirostat_tau"         },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_ETA,    "general.sampling.mirostat_eta"         },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME,                     "general.name"                          },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_AUTHOR,                   "general.author"                        },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_VERSION,                  "general.version"                       },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_URL,                      "general.url"                           },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_DESCRIPTION,              "general.description"                   },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_LICENSE,                  "general.license"                       },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SOURCE_URL,               "general.source.url"                    },
+    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_SOURCE_HF_REPO,           "general.source.huggingface.repository" },
 
     { LLM_KV_VOCAB_SIZE,                        "%s.vocab_size"                        },
     { LLM_KV_CONTEXT_LENGTH,                    "%s.context_length"                    },
     { LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH,                  "%s.embedding_length"                  },
+    { LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH_OUT,              "%s.embedding_length_out"              },
     { LLM_KV_FEATURES_LENGTH,                   "%s.features_length"                   },
     { LLM_KV_BLOCK_COUNT,                       "%s.block_count"                       },
     { LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,         "%s.leading_dense_block_count"         },
     { LLM_KV_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,               "%s.feed_forward_length"               },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        "%s.expert_feed_forward_length"        },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, "%s.expert_shared_feed_forward_length" },
+    { LLM_KV_EXPERT_CHUNK_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  "%s.expert_chunk_feed_forward_length"  },
+    { LLM_KV_SWIGLU_CLAMP_EXP,                  "%s.swiglu_clamp_exp"                  },
+    { LLM_KV_SWIGLU_CLAMP_SHEXP,                "%s.swiglu_clamp_shexp"                },
     { LLM_KV_USE_PARALLEL_RESIDUAL,             "%s.use_parallel_residual"             },
     { LLM_KV_TENSOR_DATA_LAYOUT,                "%s.tensor_data_layout"                },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_COUNT,                      "%s.expert_count"                      },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_USED_COUNT,                 "%s.expert_used_count"                 },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,               "%s.expert_shared_count"               },
+    { LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_COUNT,                "%s.expert_group_count"                },
+    { LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_USED_COUNT,           "%s.expert_group_used_count"           },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,              "%s.expert_weights_scale"              },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,               "%s.expert_weights_norm"               },
     { LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,                "%s.expert_gating_func"                },
+    { LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_SCALE,                "%s.expert_group_scale"                },
+    { LLM_KV_EXPERTS_PER_GROUP,                 "%s.experts_per_group"                 },
     { LLM_KV_MOE_EVERY_N_LAYERS,                "%s.moe_every_n_layers"                },
+    { LLM_KV_MOE_LATENT_SIZE,                   "%s.moe_latent_size"                   },
+    { LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS,              "%s.nextn_predict_layers"              },
+    { LLM_KV_NUM_DEEPSTACK_LAYERS,              "%s.n_deepstack_layers"                },
     { LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,                      "%s.pooling_type"                      },
     { LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,                       "%s.logit_scale"                       },
     { LLM_KV_DECODER_START_TOKEN_ID,            "%s.decoder_start_token_id"            },
+    { LLM_KV_DECODER_BLOCK_COUNT,               "%s.decoder_block_count"               },
     { LLM_KV_ATTN_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,            "%s.attn_logit_softcapping"            },
+    { LLM_KV_ROUTER_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,          "%s.router_logit_softcapping"          },
     { LLM_KV_FINAL_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,           "%s.final_logit_softcapping"           },
     { LLM_KV_SWIN_NORM,                         "%s.swin_norm"                         },
     { LLM_KV_RESCALE_EVERY_N_LAYERS,            "%s.rescale_every_n_layers"            },
@@ -124,6 +203,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
     { LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,                   "%s.embedding_scale"                   },
     { LLM_KV_TOKEN_SHIFT_COUNT,                 "%s.token_shift_count"                 },
     { LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,         "%s.interleave_moe_layer_step"         },
+    { LLM_KV_FULL_ATTENTION_INTERVAL,           "%s.full_attention_interval"           },
 
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT,                   "%s.attention.head_count"                   },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT_KV,                "%s.attention.head_count_kv"                },
@@ -144,21 +224,35 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GATE_LORA_RANK,               "%s.attention.gate_lora_rank"               },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_RELATIVE_BUCKETS_COUNT,       "%s.attention.relative_buckets_count"       },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,               "%s.attention.sliding_window"               },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN,       "%s.attention.sliding_window_pattern"       },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,                        "%s.attention.scale"                        },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_OUTPUT_SCALE,                 "%s.attention.output_scale"                 },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_LENGTH,           "%s.attention.temperature_length"           },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_SCALE,            "%s.attention.temperature_scale"            },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,               "%s.attention.key_length_mla"               },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA,             "%s.attention.value_length_mla"             },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYER_INDICES,                "%s.attention.layer_indices"                },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_SWA,               "%s.attention.key_length_swa"               },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_SWA,             "%s.attention.value_length_swa"             },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_HEAD_COUNT,           "%s.attention.indexer.head_count"           },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_KEY_LENGTH,           "%s.attention.indexer.key_length"           },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_TOP_K,                "%s.attention.indexer.top_k"                },
 
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT,      "%s.rope.dimension_count"                 },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS,   "%s.rope.dimension_sections"              },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE,            "%s.rope.freq_base"                       },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALE_LINEAR,         "%s.rope.scale_linear"                    },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE,         "%s.rope.scaling.type"                    },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FACTOR,       "%s.rope.scaling.factor"                  },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_ATTN_FACTOR,  "%s.rope.scaling.attn_factor"             },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_ORIG_CTX_LEN, "%s.rope.scaling.original_context_length" },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FINETUNED,    "%s.rope.scaling.finetuned"               },
-    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_LOG_MUL, "%s.rope.scaling.yarn_log_multiplier"     },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT,           "%s.rope.dimension_count"                 },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT_SWA,       "%s.rope.dimension_count_swa"             },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS,        "%s.rope.dimension_sections"              },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE,                 "%s.rope.freq_base"                       },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,             "%s.rope.freq_base_swa"                   },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALE_LINEAR,              "%s.rope.scale_linear"                    },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE,              "%s.rope.scaling.type"                    },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FACTOR,            "%s.rope.scaling.factor"                  },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_ATTN_FACTOR,       "%s.rope.scaling.attn_factor"             },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_ORIG_CTX_LEN,      "%s.rope.scaling.original_context_length" },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FINETUNED,         "%s.rope.scaling.finetuned"               },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_LOG_MUL,      "%s.rope.scaling.yarn_log_multiplier"     },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_EXT_FACTOR,   "%s.rope.scaling.yarn_ext_factor"         },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_ATTN_FACTOR,  "%s.rope.scaling.yarn_attn_factor"        },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_FAST,    "%s.rope.scaling.yarn_beta_fast"          },
+    { LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_SLOW,    "%s.rope.scaling.yarn_beta_slow"          },
 
     { LLM_KV_SPLIT_NO,            "split.no"            },
     { LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT,         "split.count"         },
@@ -168,8 +262,11 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
     { LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     "%s.ssm.inner_size"     },
     { LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     "%s.ssm.state_size"     },
     { LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, "%s.ssm.time_step_rank" },
+    { LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    "%s.ssm.group_count"    },
     { LLM_KV_SSM_DT_B_C_RMS,     "%s.ssm.dt_b_c_rms"     },
 
+    { LLM_KV_KDA_HEAD_DIM, "%s.kda.head_dim" },
+
     { LLM_KV_WKV_HEAD_SIZE, "%s.wkv.head_size" },
 
     { LLM_KV_POSNET_EMBEDDING_LENGTH, "%s.posnet.embedding_length" },
@@ -180,6 +277,13 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
 
     { LLM_KV_CLASSIFIER_OUTPUT_LABELS, "%s.classifier.output_labels" },
 
+    { LLM_KV_SHORTCONV_L_CACHE, "%s.shortconv.l_cache" },
+    // sentence-transformers dense modules feature dims
+    { LLM_KV_DENSE_2_FEAT_IN,        "%s.dense_2_feat_in"  },
+    { LLM_KV_DENSE_2_FEAT_OUT,       "%s.dense_2_feat_out"  },
+    { LLM_KV_DENSE_3_FEAT_IN,        "%s.dense_3_feat_in"   },
+    { LLM_KV_DENSE_3_FEAT_OUT,       "%s.dense_3_feat_out"  },
+
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_MODEL,                "tokenizer.ggml.model"                    },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_PRE,                  "tokenizer.ggml.pre"                      },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_LIST,                 "tokenizer.ggml.tokens"                   },
@@ -212,8 +316,16 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_REP_ID,           "tokenizer.ggml.fim_rep_token_id"         },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_SEP_ID,           "tokenizer.ggml.fim_sep_token_id"         },
 
-    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_TYPE,       "adapter.type"       },
-    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_ALPHA, "adapter.lora.alpha" },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_TYPE,                    "adapter.type"               },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_ALPHA,              "adapter.lora.alpha"         },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_TASK_NAME,          "adapter.lora.task_name"     },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_PROMPT_PREFIX,      "adapter.lora.prompt_prefix" },
+    { LLM_KV_ADAPTER_ALORA_INVOCATION_TOKENS, "adapter.alora.invocation_tokens" },
+
+    { LLM_KV_XIELU_ALPHA_N,         "xielu.alpha_n"         },
+    { LLM_KV_XIELU_ALPHA_P,         "xielu.alpha_p"         },
+    { LLM_KV_XIELU_BETA,            "xielu.beta"            },
+    { LLM_KV_XIELU_EPS,             "xielu.eps"             },
 
     // deprecated
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_PREFIX_ID, "tokenizer.ggml.prefix_token_id" },
@@ -221,1423 +333,2244 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_MIDDLE_ID, "tokenizer.ggml.middle_token_id" },
 };
 
-static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_NAMES = {
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_LLAMA,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_down.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,      "blk.%d.ffn_up.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_ARCEE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_down.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,      "blk.%d.ffn_up.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,  "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,  "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_DECI,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_down.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,      "blk.%d.ffn_up.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_BAICHUAN,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_FALCON,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,     "blk.%d.attn_norm_2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GROK,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_down.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,      "blk.%d.ffn_up.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,  "blk.%d.layer_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GPT2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,        "position_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GPTJ,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GPTNEOX,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_MPT,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output"},
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_ACT,         "blk.%d.ffn.act" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,        "position_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm"},
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm"},
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_STARCODER,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,        "position_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_REFACT,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_BERT,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM, "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,     "token_types" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,        "position_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,  "blk.%d.layer_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CLS,             "cls" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,         "cls.output" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM, "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,     "token_types" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,  "blk.%d.layer_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM, "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,     "token_types" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,  "blk.%d.layer_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM, "enc.output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CLS,             "cls" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,         "cls.output" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM, "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,     "token_types" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,     "blk.%d.attn_norm_2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,  "blk.%d.layer_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CLS,             "cls" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_BLOOM,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM, "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_STABLELM,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN3,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_PHI2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_PHI3,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "rope_factors_long" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "rope_factors_short" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,           "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "rope_factors_long" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "rope_factors_short" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,           "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_PLAMO,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_CODESHELL,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_ORION,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_INTERNLM2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_MINICPM,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "rope_factors_long" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "rope_factors_short" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_down.%d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,      "blk.%d.ffn_up.%d" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_MINICPM3,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "rope_factors_long" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "rope_factors_short" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,      "blk.%d.attn_q_a_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,           "blk.%d.attn_q_a" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,           "blk.%d.attn_q_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,      "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_mqa" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,          "blk.%d.attn_kv_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,           "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GEMMA,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GEMMA2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,  "blk.%d.post_attention_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,   "blk.%d.post_ffw_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,  "blk.%d.post_attention_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,   "blk.%d.post_ffw_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_MAMBA,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,          "blk.%d.ssm_in" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,      "blk.%d.ssm_conv1d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,           "blk.%d.ssm_x" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,          "blk.%d.ssm_dt" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,           "blk.%d.ssm_a" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,           "blk.%d.ssm_d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,         "blk.%d.ssm_out" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_XVERSE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_COMMAND_R,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_COHERE2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_DBRX,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_OLMO,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_OLMO2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,  "blk.%d.post_attention_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,   "blk.%d.post_ffw_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_OLMOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_OPENELM,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_ARCTIC,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_norm_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,         "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,      "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,           "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,      "blk.%d.attn_q_a_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,           "blk.%d.attn_q_a" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,           "blk.%d.attn_q_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,      "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_mqa" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,          "blk.%d.attn_kv_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,           "blk.%d.attn_k_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,           "blk.%d.attn_v_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,           "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,    "blk.%d.exp_probs_b" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_PLM,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,      "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_mqa" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,          "blk.%d.attn_kv_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GLM4,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,  "blk.%d.post_attention_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,   "blk.%d.post_ffw_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_BITNET,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SUB_NORM,      "blk.%d.attn_sub_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,           "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_SUB_NORM,       "blk.%d.ffn_sub_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_T5,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,           "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,               "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_OUTPUT_NORM,      "dec.output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_NORM,        "dec.blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_Q,           "dec.blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_K,           "dec.blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_V,           "dec.blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_OUT,         "dec.blk.%d.attn_o" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_REL_B,       "dec.blk.%d.attn_rel_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_NORM,  "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_Q,     "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_K,     "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_V,     "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_OUT,   "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_o" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_REL_B, "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_rel_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_NORM,         "dec.blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_GATE,         "dec.blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_DOWN,         "dec.blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_UP,           "dec.blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,      "enc.output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_NORM,        "enc.blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_Q,           "enc.blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_K,           "enc.blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_V,           "enc.blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_OUT,         "enc.blk.%d.attn_o" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_REL_B,       "enc.blk.%d.attn_rel_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_NORM,         "enc.blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_GATE,         "enc.blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_DOWN,         "enc.blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_UP,           "enc.blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,           "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,               "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,      "enc.output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_NORM,        "enc.blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_Q,           "enc.blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_K,           "enc.blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_V,           "enc.blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_OUT,         "enc.blk.%d.attn_o" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_REL_B,       "enc.blk.%d.attn_rel_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_NORM,         "enc.blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_GATE,         "enc.blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_DOWN,         "enc.blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_UP,           "enc.blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_JAIS,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_EXAONE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,   "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_RWKV6,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,           "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,               "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                    "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                 "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,               "blk.%d.attn_norm_2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_X,           "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_x" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_W,           "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_w" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_K,           "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_V,           "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_R,           "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_r" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_G,           "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_g" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,       "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_fused" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_FIRST,            "blk.%d.time_mix_first" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY,            "blk.%d.time_mix_decay" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W1,         "blk.%d.time_mix_decay_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W2,         "blk.%d.time_mix_decay_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,              "blk.%d.time_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,            "blk.%d.time_mix_value" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,       "blk.%d.time_mix_receptance" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_GATE,             "blk.%d.time_mix_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,               "blk.%d.time_mix_ln" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,           "blk.%d.time_mix_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,        "blk.%d.channel_mix_lerp_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_R,        "blk.%d.channel_mix_lerp_r" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_KEY,           "blk.%d.channel_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_VALUE,         "blk.%d.channel_mix_value" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_RECEPTANCE,    "blk.%d.channel_mix_receptance" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,               "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                    "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                 "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_X,           "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_x" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,       "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_fused" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_FIRST,            "blk.%d.time_mix_first" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY,            "blk.%d.time_mix_decay" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W1,         "blk.%d.time_mix_decay_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W2,         "blk.%d.time_mix_decay_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,              "blk.%d.time_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,            "blk.%d.time_mix_value" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,       "blk.%d.time_mix_receptance" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_GATE,             "blk.%d.time_mix_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,           "blk.%d.time_mix_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,                  "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,                  "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,                  "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,                    "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_RWKV7,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,           "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,               "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                    "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                 "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,               "blk.%d.attn_norm_2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_a" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_r_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,       "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_fused" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,              "blk.%d.time_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,            "blk.%d.time_mix_value" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,       "blk.%d.time_mix_receptance" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,               "blk.%d.time_mix_ln" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,           "blk.%d.time_mix_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,        "blk.%d.channel_mix_lerp_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_KEY,           "blk.%d.channel_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_VALUE,         "blk.%d.channel_mix_value" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,           "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,               "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                    "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                 "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_a" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_r_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,       "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_fused" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,              "blk.%d.time_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,            "blk.%d.time_mix_value" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,       "blk.%d.time_mix_receptance" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,               "blk.%d.time_mix_ln" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,           "blk.%d.time_mix_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,                  "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,                  "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,                  "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,                    "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,  "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,  "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,        "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,   "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D,            "conv1d" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_DW,       "convnext.%d.dw" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_NORM,     "convnext.%d.norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW1,      "convnext.%d.pw1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW2,      "convnext.%d.pw2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_GAMMA,    "convnext.%d.gamma" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,       "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,            "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_CONV1,     "posnet.%d.conv1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_CONV2,     "posnet.%d.conv2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM,      "posnet.%d.norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM1,     "posnet.%d.norm1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM2,     "posnet.%d.norm2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_NORM, "posnet.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_Q,    "posnet.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_K,    "posnet.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_V,    "posnet.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_OUT,  "posnet.%d.attn_output" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,         "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_DOTS1,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,           "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,    "blk.%d.exp_probs_b" },
-        }
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-        },
-    },
+static const std::map<llm_tensor, const char *> LLM_TENSOR_NAMES = {
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                             "token_embd" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,                            "output_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM_LFM2,                       "token_embd_norm" }, // fix for wrong tensor name
+    { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                                 "output" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,                             "rope_freqs" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                              "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,                                 "blk.%d.attn_q" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,                                 "blk.%d.attn_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,                                 "blk.%d.attn_v" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,                               "blk.%d.attn_output" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,                          "blk.%d.attn_rot_embd" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,                           "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,                               "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,                               "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,                               "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,                                 "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,                           "blk.%d.ffn_gate.%d" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,                           "blk.%d.ffn_down.%d" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,                             "blk.%d.ffn_up.%d" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,                          "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_UP_EXPS,                       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_up_exps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,                          "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,                            "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,                         "blk.%d.post_attention_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,                            "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,                            "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,                              "blk.%d.attn_gate" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,                          "blk.%d.post_ffw_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,                         "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,                           "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,                         "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,                        "blk.%d.exp_probs_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_DOWN,                        "blk.%d.ffn_latent_down" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_UP,                          "blk.%d.ffn_latent_up" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,                            "blk.%d.attn_norm_2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,                               "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,                         "blk.%d.layer_output_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,                          "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,                               "position_embd" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_ACT,                                "blk.%d.ffn.act" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,                        "token_embd_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,                            "token_types" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CLS,                                    "cls" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,                                "cls.output" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CLS_NORM,                               "cls.norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,                        "enc.output_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,                     "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp_shexp" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,                           "blk.%d.ssm_a" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,                             "blk.%d.ssm_conv1d" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,                                 "blk.%d.ssm_dt" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA_ALPHA,                         "blk.%d.ssm_ba" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA,                              "blk.%d.ssm_alpha" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,                                 "blk.%d.ssm_in" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,                               "blk.%d.ssm_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,                                "blk.%d.ssm_out" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,                      "rope_factors_long" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT,                     "rope_factors_short" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,                                  "blk.%d.ssm_x" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,                                  "blk.%d.ssm_a" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,                                  "blk.%d.ssm_d" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT_NORM,                            "blk.%d.ssm_dt_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_B_NORM,                             "blk.%d.ssm_b_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_C_NORM,                             "blk.%d.ssm_c_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_Q,                           "blk.%d.ssm_conv1d_q" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_K,                           "blk.%d.ssm_conv1d_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_V,                           "blk.%d.ssm_conv1d_v" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_A,                                "blk.%d.ssm_f_a" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_B,                                "blk.%d.ssm_f_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,                               "blk.%d.ssm_beta" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_A,                                "blk.%d.ssm_g_a" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_B,                                "blk.%d.ssm_g_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,                               "blk.%d.ssm_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,                          "blk.%d.attn_q_a_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,                         "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,                               "blk.%d.attn_q_a" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,                               "blk.%d.attn_q_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,                          "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_mqa" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,                              "blk.%d.attn_kv_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_TOKEN_EMBD,                   "per_layer_token_embd" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_MODEL_PROJ,                   "per_layer_model_proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ_NORM,                    "per_layer_proj_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_UNEMBD_PROJ,                      "altup_unembd_proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PROJ,                             "altup_proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_INP_GATE,                     "blk.%d.inp_gate" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ,                         "blk.%d.proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_POST_NORM,                    "blk.%d.post_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_COEF,                     "blk.%d.altup_correct_coef" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_SCALE,                    "blk.%d.altup_correct_scale" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PREDICT_COEF,                     "blk.%d.altup_predict_coef" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER,                           "blk.%d.altup_router" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER_NORM,                      "blk.%d.altup_router_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_L,                               "blk.%d.laurel_l" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_R,                               "blk.%d.laurel_r" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_POST_NORM,                       "blk.%d.laurel_post_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT,                            "dense_2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_3_OUT,                            "dense_3" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM_EXPS,                          "blk.%d.ffn_norm_exps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,                               "blk.%d.attn_k_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,                               "blk.%d.attn_v_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,                          "blk.%d.nextn.eh_proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,                     "blk.%d.nextn.embed_tokens" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,                            "blk.%d.nextn.enorm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,                            "blk.%d.nextn.hnorm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,                 "blk.%d.nextn.shared_head_head" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,                 "blk.%d.nextn.shared_head_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SUB_NORM,                          "blk.%d.attn_sub_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_SUB_NORM,                           "blk.%d.ffn_sub_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_OUTPUT_NORM,                        "dec.output_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_NORM,                          "dec.blk.%d.attn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_Q,                             "dec.blk.%d.attn_q" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_K,                             "dec.blk.%d.attn_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_V,                             "dec.blk.%d.attn_v" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_OUT,                           "dec.blk.%d.attn_o" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_REL_B,                         "dec.blk.%d.attn_rel_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_NORM,                    "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_Q,                       "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_q" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_K,                       "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_V,                       "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_v" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_OUT,                     "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_o" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_REL_B,                   "dec.blk.%d.cross_attn_rel_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_NORM,                           "dec.blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_GATE,                           "dec.blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_DOWN,                           "dec.blk.%d.ffn_down" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_UP,                             "dec.blk.%d.ffn_up" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_NORM,                          "enc.blk.%d.attn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_Q,                             "enc.blk.%d.attn_q" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_K,                             "enc.blk.%d.attn_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_V,                             "enc.blk.%d.attn_v" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_OUT,                           "enc.blk.%d.attn_o" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_REL_B,                         "enc.blk.%d.attn_rel_b" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_NORM,                           "enc.blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_GATE,                           "enc.blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_DOWN,                           "enc.blk.%d.ffn_down" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_UP,                             "enc.blk.%d.ffn_up" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_w1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_w2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_X,                        "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_x" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_W,                        "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_w" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_K,                        "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_V,                        "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_v" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_R,                        "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_r" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_G,                        "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_g" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,                    "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_fused" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_FIRST,                         "blk.%d.time_mix_first" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY,                         "blk.%d.time_mix_decay" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W1,                      "blk.%d.time_mix_decay_w1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W2,                      "blk.%d.time_mix_decay_w2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,                           "blk.%d.time_mix_key" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,                         "blk.%d.time_mix_value" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,                    "blk.%d.time_mix_receptance" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_GATE,                          "blk.%d.time_mix_gate" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_ln" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,                        "blk.%d.time_mix_output" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,                     "blk.%d.channel_mix_lerp_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_R,                     "blk.%d.channel_mix_lerp_r" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_KEY,                        "blk.%d.channel_mix_key" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_VALUE,                      "blk.%d.channel_mix_value" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_RECEPTANCE,                 "blk.%d.channel_mix_receptance" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_w0" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_a0" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_a1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_a2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_v0" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_v1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_v2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_g1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,                            "blk.%d.time_mix_g2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,                           "blk.%d.time_mix_k_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,                           "blk.%d.time_mix_k_a" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,                           "blk.%d.time_mix_r_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D,                                 "conv1d" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_DW,                            "convnext.%d.dw" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_NORM,                          "convnext.%d.norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW1,                           "convnext.%d.pw1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW2,                           "convnext.%d.pw2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_GAMMA,                         "convnext.%d.gamma" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_CONV1,                          "posnet.%d.conv1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_CONV2,                          "posnet.%d.conv2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM,                           "posnet.%d.norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM1,                          "posnet.%d.norm1" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM2,                          "posnet.%d.norm2" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_NORM,                      "posnet.%d.attn_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_Q,                         "posnet.%d.attn_q" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_K,                         "posnet.%d.attn_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_V,                         "posnet.%d.attn_v" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_OUT,                       "posnet.%d.attn_output" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS,                             "blk.%d.attn_sinks" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_CONV,                         "blk.%d.shortconv.conv" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_INPROJ,                       "blk.%d.shortconv.in_proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_OUTPROJ,                      "blk.%d.shortconv.out_proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_CHEXPS,                        "blk.%d.ffn_gate_chexps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_CHEXPS,                        "blk.%d.ffn_down_chexps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_CHEXPS,                          "blk.%d.ffn_up_chexps" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_QKV,                        "blk.%d.vis_attn_qkv" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_OUT,                        "blk.%d.vis_attn_output" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_GATE,                        "blk.%d.vis_gate" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_DOWN,                        "blk.%d.vis_down" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_UP,                          "blk.%d.vis_up" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_K_NORM,                         "blk.%d.indexer.k_norm" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_PROJ,                           "blk.%d.indexer.proj" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_K,                         "blk.%d.indexer.attn_k" },
+    { LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_Q_B,                       "blk.%d.indexer.attn_q_b" },
 };
 
+static std::set<llm_tensor> llm_get_tensor_names(llm_arch arch) {
+    switch (arch) {
+        case LLM_ARCH_CLIP:
+            return {};
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_DECI:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_ARCEE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_AFMOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_BAICHUAN:
+        case LLM_ARCH_ORION:
+        case LLM_ARCH_XVERSE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_FALCON:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GROK:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GPT2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GPTNEOX:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MPT:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_ACT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_REFACT:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL:
+        case LLM_ARCH_INTERNLM2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PADDLEOCR:
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMOLLM3:
+        case LLM_ARCH_DREAM:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PANGU_EMBED:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_BERT:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_BLOOM:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_STABLELM:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_OLMOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_RND1:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA_ALPHA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL:
+        case LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON:
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_DENSE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_PHI2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_PHI3:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_B_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_C_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO3:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_CODESHELL:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM3:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_MODEL_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_UNEMBD_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_INP_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_COEF,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_SCALE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PREDICT_COEF,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_L,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_R,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_POST_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_3_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAMBA:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_B_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_C_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_COMMAND_R:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_COHERE2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_DBRX:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_OLMO:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_OLMO2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_OPENELM:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_ARCTIC:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLM:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM4:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_Q_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_BITNET:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SUB_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_SUB_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_T5:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_REL_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_REL_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DEC_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_REL_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_ATTN_REL_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAIS:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAIS2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                // mamba(2) ssm layers
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+                // attention layers
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                // dense FFN
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                // MoE FFN (for MoE layers)
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_UP,
+                // MoE shared expert layer
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE4:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_X,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_W,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_R,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_G,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_FIRST,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_R,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_KEY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_VALUE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_RECEPTANCE,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_X,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_FIRST,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_RWKV7:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_KEY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_VALUE,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_DW,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_GAMMA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_CONV1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_CONV2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM1,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_DOTS1:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_CONV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_INPROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_OUTPROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM_LFM2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_CONV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_INPROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_OUTPROJ,
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM_LFM2,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_APERTUS:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_SEED_OSS:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_CHEXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_CHEXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_CHEXPS,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MINIMAX_M2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_COGVLM:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_QKV,
+                LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MIMO2:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_STEP35:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_GPTJ:
+        case LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAINCODER:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+            };
+        case LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR:
+            return {
+                LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
+                // Dense FFN (layer 0 only)
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,
+                // MoE FFN (layers 1+)
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+                // Shared experts
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
+                LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+                // KDA (using SSM_ enum prefix, keeping GGUF names for backward compat)
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_Q,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_K,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_V,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+                LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
+                // MLA
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,
+                LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,
+            };
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unknown architecture for tensor mapping");
+    }
+}
+
+// declare information about the model weight tensors:
+// - the layer in which the tensor is going to be used. this is needed in order to assign the correct buffer type for the weight
+// - the operator which is going to use the weight. this is needed to determine if the respective backend supports the operator
+//
+// for example, input layers are usually assigned to CPU/host buffer types
+//
+// a mismatch between the declared information and the actual layer/op in which the tensor is used can lead to sub-optimal
+//   assignment of the buffer types and extra overhead during computation
+// example: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17548
+//
 static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_CLS,                        {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CLS_NORM,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}}, // Dense layer output
+    {LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_3_OUT,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}}, // Dense layer output
     {LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM_LFM2,           {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_OUTPUT_NORM,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ROPE}},
@@ -1648,6 +2581,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,                  {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
@@ -1660,6 +2594,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,                  {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_SCALE}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_Q,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_K,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_V,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
@@ -1684,6 +2619,8 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,                      {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA,                  {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA_ALPHA,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
@@ -1705,7 +2642,21 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_ACT,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_DIV}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_SSM_CONV}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,                      {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}}, // a version of SSM_A used for MUL instead of SSM_SCAN
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT_NORM,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_B_NORM,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_C_NORM,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,                      {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    // Kimi KDA - Conv tensors are 4D [d_conv, 1, d_inner, 1], reshaped to 2D at runtime
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_Q,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_K,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_V,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_A,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_B,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_A,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_B,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_X,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,         {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
@@ -1748,7 +2699,28 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_UP_EXPS,           {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_CHEXPS,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_CHEXPS,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_CHEXPS,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
+    // altup / laurel (gemma 3n)
+    {LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_TOKEN_EMBD,       {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT,    GGML_OP_GET_ROWS}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_MODEL_PROJ,       {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT,    GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ_NORM,        {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT,    GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PROJ,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT,    GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_UNEMBD_PROJ,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT,    GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_INP_GATE,         {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_POST_NORM,        {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_COEF,         {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_SCALE,        {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PREDICT_COEF,         {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER_NORM,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_L,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_R,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_POST_NORM,           {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
     // this tensor is loaded for T5, but never used
     {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_REL_B,       {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_NONE}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT,     GGML_OP_IM2COL}},
@@ -1767,6 +2739,29 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW1,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_PW2,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
     {LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_GAMMA,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_CONV,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_SSM_CONV}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_INPROJ,           {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_OUTPROJ,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_QKV,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_OUT,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_GATE,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_DOWN,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_UP,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_K_NORM,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_PROJ,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_K,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_Q_B,           {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    // NextN/MTP tensors are currently ignored (reserved for future MTP support)
+    // These tensors only exist in the last layer(s) and are treated as output tensors
+    {LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,         {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    // Nemotron 3 Super
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_DOWN,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_UP,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
 };
 
 LLM_KV::LLM_KV(llm_arch arch, const char * suffix) : arch(arch), suffix(suffix) {}
@@ -1782,13 +2777,20 @@ std::string LLM_KV::operator()(llm_kv kv) const {
     return name;
 }
 
+LLM_TN_IMPL::LLM_TN_IMPL(llm_arch arch, llm_tensor tensor, const char * suffix, int bid, int xid)
+    : arch(arch), tensor(tensor), suffix(suffix), bid(bid), xid(xid),
+      model_tensors(llm_get_tensor_names(arch)) {}
+
 std::string LLM_TN_IMPL::str() const {
-    if (LLM_TENSOR_NAMES.at(arch).find(tensor) == LLM_TENSOR_NAMES.at(arch).end()) {
-        return "__missing__";
+    if (LLM_TENSOR_NAMES.find(tensor) == LLM_TENSOR_NAMES.end()) {
+        GGML_ABORT("unknown tensor name for tensor id %d", static_cast<int>(tensor));
     }
 
-    std::string name = ::format(LLM_TENSOR_NAMES.at(arch).at(tensor), bid, xid);
+    if (model_tensors.find(tensor) == model_tensors.end()) {
+        return LLM_TENSOR_NAMES.at(tensor);
+    }
 
+    std::string name = ::format(LLM_TENSOR_NAMES.at(tensor), bid, xid);
     if (suffix != nullptr) {
         name += ".";
         name += suffix;
@@ -1797,6 +2799,15 @@ std::string LLM_TN_IMPL::str() const {
     return name;
 }
 
+std::vector<llm_arch> llm_arch_all() {
+    std::vector<llm_arch> ret;
+    ret.reserve(LLM_ARCH_NAMES.size());
+    for (const auto & [arch, _] : LLM_ARCH_NAMES) {
+        ret.push_back(arch);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 const char * llm_arch_name(llm_arch arch) {
     auto it = LLM_ARCH_NAMES.find(arch);
     if (it == LLM_ARCH_NAMES.end()) {
@@ -1822,6 +2833,7 @@ const llm_tensor_info & llm_tensor_info_for(llm_tensor tensor) {
 bool llm_arch_is_recurrent(const llm_arch & arch) {
     switch (arch) {
         case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2:
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6:
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2:
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV7:
@@ -1833,9 +2845,32 @@ bool llm_arch_is_recurrent(const llm_arch & arch) {
 }
 
 bool llm_arch_is_hybrid(const llm_arch & arch) {
-    // TODO: There are currently no hybrid models! Once there are, this will be
-    //  the place to identify them
     switch (arch) {
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAMBA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H:
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT:
+        case LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool llm_arch_is_diffusion(const llm_arch & arch) {
+    switch (arch) {
+        case LLM_ARCH_DREAM:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_RND1:
+            return true;
         default:
             return false;
     }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.h
index 5b0230c1506..b1b1dcf1883 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-arch.h
@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@
 #include "ggml.h" // ggml_op
 
 #include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
 
 //
 // gguf constants (sync with gguf.py)
 //
 
 enum llm_arch {
+    LLM_ARCH_CLIP,
     LLM_ARCH_LLAMA,
     LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4,
     LLM_ARCH_DECI,
@@ -22,10 +25,13 @@ enum llm_arch {
     LLM_ARCH_STARCODER,
     LLM_ARCH_REFACT,
     LLM_ARCH_BERT,
+    LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT,
     LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT,
     LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE,
     LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT,
     LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2,
+    LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3,
+    LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT,
     LLM_ARCH_BLOOM,
     LLM_ARCH_STABLELM,
     LLM_ARCH_QWEN,
@@ -34,10 +40,17 @@ enum llm_arch {
     LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL,
     LLM_ARCH_QWEN3,
     LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT,
+    LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL,
+    LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_QWEN35,
+    LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE,
     LLM_ARCH_PHI2,
     LLM_ARCH_PHI3,
     LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE,
     LLM_ARCH_PLAMO,
+    LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2,
+    LLM_ARCH_PLAMO3,
     LLM_ARCH_CODESHELL,
     LLM_ARCH_ORION,
     LLM_ARCH_INTERNLM2,
@@ -46,8 +59,13 @@ enum llm_arch {
     LLM_ARCH_GEMMA,
     LLM_ARCH_GEMMA2,
     LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3,
+    LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N,
+    LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING,
     LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2,
     LLM_ARCH_MAMBA,
+    LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2,
+    LLM_ARCH_JAMBA,
+    LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1,
     LLM_ARCH_XVERSE,
     LLM_ARCH_COMMAND_R,
     LLM_ARCH_COHERE2,
@@ -61,24 +79,60 @@ enum llm_arch {
     LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2,
     LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM,
     LLM_ARCH_GLM4,
+    LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA,
     LLM_ARCH_BITNET,
     LLM_ARCH_T5,
     LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER,
     LLM_ARCH_JAIS,
+    LLM_ARCH_JAIS2,
     LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON,
+    LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H,
+    LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE,
     LLM_ARCH_EXAONE,
+    LLM_ARCH_EXAONE4,
+    LLM_ARCH_EXAONE_MOE,
     LLM_ARCH_RWKV6,
     LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2,
     LLM_ARCH_RWKV7,
     LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7,
     LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,
     LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID,
     LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON,
     LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC,
     LLM_ARCH_PLM,
     LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2,
     LLM_ARCH_DOTS1,
     LLM_ARCH_ARCEE,
+    LLM_ARCH_AFMOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5,
+    LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_DENSE,
+    LLM_ARCH_SMOLLM3,
+    LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_LFM2,
+    LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_DREAM,
+    LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER,
+    LLM_ARCH_LLADA,
+    LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_SEED_OSS,
+    LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_APERTUS,
+    LLM_ARCH_MINIMAX_M2,
+    LLM_ARCH_COGVLM,
+    LLM_ARCH_RND1,
+    LLM_ARCH_PANGU_EMBED,
+    LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3,
+    LLM_ARCH_PADDLEOCR,
+    LLM_ARCH_MIMO2,
+    LLM_ARCH_STEP35,
+    LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED,
+    LLM_ARCH_MAINCODER,
+    LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR,
     LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,
 };
 
@@ -88,6 +142,18 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_GENERAL_QUANTIZATION_VERSION,
     LLM_KV_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT,
     LLM_KV_GENERAL_FILE_TYPE,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_SEQUENCE,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_TOP_K,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_TOP_P,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIN_P,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_XTC_PROBABILITY,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_XTC_THRESHOLD,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_TEMP,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_PENALTY_LAST_N,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_PENALTY_REPEAT,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_TAU,
+    LLM_KV_GENERAL_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_ETA,
     LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME,
     LLM_KV_GENERAL_AUTHOR,
     LLM_KV_GENERAL_VERSION,
@@ -100,25 +166,38 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_VOCAB_SIZE,
     LLM_KV_CONTEXT_LENGTH,
     LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH,
+    LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH_OUT,
     LLM_KV_FEATURES_LENGTH,
     LLM_KV_BLOCK_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,
+    LLM_KV_EXPERT_CHUNK_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,
+    LLM_KV_SWIGLU_CLAMP_EXP,
+    LLM_KV_SWIGLU_CLAMP_SHEXP,
     LLM_KV_USE_PARALLEL_RESIDUAL,
     LLM_KV_TENSOR_DATA_LAYOUT,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_USED_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,
+    LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_COUNT,
+    LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_USED_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,
     LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,
+    LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_SCALE,
+    LLM_KV_EXPERTS_PER_GROUP,
     LLM_KV_MOE_EVERY_N_LAYERS,
+    LLM_KV_MOE_LATENT_SIZE,
+    LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS,
+    LLM_KV_NUM_DEEPSTACK_LAYERS,
     LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,
     LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,
     LLM_KV_DECODER_START_TOKEN_ID,
+    LLM_KV_DECODER_BLOCK_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_ATTN_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,
+    LLM_KV_ROUTER_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,
     LLM_KV_FINAL_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,
     LLM_KV_SWIN_NORM,
     LLM_KV_RESCALE_EVERY_N_LAYERS,
@@ -128,6 +207,7 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,
     LLM_KV_TOKEN_SHIFT_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,
+    LLM_KV_FULL_ATTENTION_INTERVAL,
 
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT_KV,
@@ -148,14 +228,24 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GATE_LORA_RANK,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_RELATIVE_BUCKETS_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_OUTPUT_SCALE,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_LENGTH,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_SCALE,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA,
-    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYER_INDICES,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_SWA,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_SWA,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_HEAD_COUNT,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_KEY_LENGTH,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_TOP_K,
 
     LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT,
+    LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT_SWA,
     LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS,
     LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE,
+    LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,
     LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALE_LINEAR,
     LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE,
     LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FACTOR,
@@ -163,6 +253,10 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_ORIG_CTX_LEN,
     LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FINETUNED,
     LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_LOG_MUL,
+    LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_EXT_FACTOR,
+    LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_ATTN_FACTOR,
+    LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_FAST,
+    LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_SLOW,
 
     LLM_KV_SPLIT_NO,
     LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT,
@@ -172,8 +266,11 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,
     LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,
     LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK,
+    LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,
     LLM_KV_SSM_DT_B_C_RMS,
 
+    LLM_KV_KDA_HEAD_DIM,
+
     LLM_KV_WKV_HEAD_SIZE,
 
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_MODEL,
@@ -210,6 +307,9 @@ enum llm_kv {
 
     LLM_KV_ADAPTER_TYPE,
     LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_ALPHA,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_TASK_NAME,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_LORA_PROMPT_PREFIX,
+    LLM_KV_ADAPTER_ALORA_INVOCATION_TOKENS,
 
     LLM_KV_POSNET_EMBEDDING_LENGTH,
     LLM_KV_POSNET_BLOCK_COUNT,
@@ -219,10 +319,23 @@ enum llm_kv {
 
     LLM_KV_CLASSIFIER_OUTPUT_LABELS,
 
+    LLM_KV_SHORTCONV_L_CACHE,
+
+    LLM_KV_XIELU_ALPHA_N,
+    LLM_KV_XIELU_ALPHA_P,
+    LLM_KV_XIELU_BETA,
+    LLM_KV_XIELU_EPS,
+
     // deprecated:
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_PREFIX_ID,
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_SUFFIX_ID,
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_MIDDLE_ID,
+
+    // sentence-transformers dense layers in and out features
+    LLM_KV_DENSE_2_FEAT_IN,
+    LLM_KV_DENSE_2_FEAT_OUT,
+    LLM_KV_DENSE_3_FEAT_IN,
+    LLM_KV_DENSE_3_FEAT_OUT,
 };
 
 enum llm_tensor {
@@ -230,8 +343,11 @@ enum llm_tensor {
     LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,
     LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,
+    LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT,
+    LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_3_OUT,
     LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,
     LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM_LFM2, // fix for wrong tensor name
     LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,
     LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,
     LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT,
@@ -245,6 +361,8 @@ enum llm_tensor {
     LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_ROT_EMBD,
+    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS,
+    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,
@@ -260,22 +378,60 @@ enum llm_tensor {
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, // merged experts
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,
+    LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_UP_EXPS,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,
+    LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_CHEXPS,
+    LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_CHEXPS,
+    LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_CHEXPS,
     LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+    LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_DOWN,
+    LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_UP,
     LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_POST_ATTN_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_POST_MLP_NORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_TOKEN_EMBD, // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_MODEL_PROJ, // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_INP_GATE,   // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ,       // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ_NORM,  // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_POST_NORM,  // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PROJ,           // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_UNEMBD_PROJ,    // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_COEF,   // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_SCALE,  // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PREDICT_COEF,   // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER,         // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER_NORM,    // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_L,             // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_R,             // gemma3n
+    LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_POST_NORM,     // gemma3n
     LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
     LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
     LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,
     LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,        // qwen3next special case with MUL instead of SSM_SCAN
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_B_NORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_C_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA_ALPHA,      // qwen3next
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA,           // qwen3.5
+    // Kimi Linear KDA (using SSM_ prefix for consistency)
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_Q,        // kimi: Q conv1d weight
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_K,        // kimi: K conv1d weight
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_V,        // kimi: V conv1d weight
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_A,             // kimi: forget gate projection A
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_B,             // kimi: forget gate projection B
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,            // kimi: beta mixing coefficient and qwen3.5
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_A,             // kimi: output gate projection A
+    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_B,             // kimi: output gate projection B
     LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,
     LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,
     LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,
@@ -352,6 +508,7 @@ enum llm_tensor {
     LLM_TENSOR_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_CLS,
     LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CLS_NORM,
     LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D,
     LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_DW,
     LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_NORM,
@@ -368,6 +525,24 @@ enum llm_tensor {
     LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_K,
     LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_V,
     LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_ATTN_OUT,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_CONV,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_INPROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_OUTPROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_QKV,
+    LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_OUT,
+    LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_GATE,
+    LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_DOWN,
+    LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_UP,
+    LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_K_NORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_PROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_K,
+    LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_Q_B,
+    LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,
+    LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD,
+    LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM,
 };
 
 enum llm_tensor_layer {
@@ -401,6 +576,10 @@ struct LLM_TN_IMPL {
     const int bid;
     const int xid;
 
+    const std::set<llm_tensor> model_tensors;
+
+    LLM_TN_IMPL(llm_arch arch, llm_tensor tensor, const char * suffix, int bid, int xid);
+
     std::string str() const;
 
     operator std::string() const {
@@ -422,11 +601,11 @@ struct LLM_TN {
     llm_arch arch;
 
     LLM_TN_IMPL operator()(llm_tensor tensor, const char * suffix, int bid = -1, int xid = -1) const {
-        return { arch, tensor, suffix, bid, xid };
+        return LLM_TN_IMPL(arch, tensor, suffix, bid, xid);
     }
 
     LLM_TN_IMPL operator()(llm_tensor tensor, int bid = -1, int xid = -1) const {
-        return { arch, tensor, nullptr, bid, xid };
+        return LLM_TN_IMPL(arch, tensor, nullptr, bid, xid);
     }
 };
 
@@ -436,6 +615,8 @@ struct llm_tensor_info {
     ggml_op op;
 };
 
+std::vector<llm_arch> llm_arch_all();
+
 const char * llm_arch_name(llm_arch arch);
 
 llm_arch llm_arch_from_string(const std::string & name);
@@ -444,3 +625,4 @@ const llm_tensor_info & llm_tensor_info_for(llm_tensor tensor);
 
 bool llm_arch_is_recurrent(const llm_arch & arch);
 bool llm_arch_is_hybrid   (const llm_arch & arch);
+bool llm_arch_is_diffusion(const llm_arch & arch);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.cpp
index b3c996e18ab..6bf76939cdd 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
         const llama_vocab & vocab,
         const llama_memory_i * memory,
         uint32_t n_embd,
+        uint32_t n_seq_max,
         bool output_all) {
     clear();
 
@@ -40,6 +41,11 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
     // validate input batch
     //
 
+    if (n_seq_max > LLAMA_MAX_SEQ) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: n_seq_max = %d > %d\n", __func__, n_seq_max, LLAMA_MAX_SEQ);
+        return false;
+    }
+
     if (batch.token) {
         for (int32_t i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; ++i) {
             if (batch.token[i] < 0 || (uint32_t) batch.token[i] >= vocab.n_tokens()) {
@@ -52,8 +58,8 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
     if (batch.seq_id) {
         for (int32_t i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; ++i) {
             for (int32_t s = 0; s < batch.n_seq_id[i]; ++s) {
-                if (batch.seq_id && (batch.seq_id[i][s] < 0 || batch.seq_id[i][s] >= LLAMA_MAX_SEQ)) {
-                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid seq_id[%d][%d] = %d > %d\n", __func__, i, s, batch.seq_id[i][s], LLAMA_MAX_SEQ);
+                if (batch.seq_id && (batch.seq_id[i][s] < 0 || batch.seq_id[i][s] >= (llama_seq_id) n_seq_max)) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid seq_id[%d][%d] = %d >= %d\n", __func__, i, s, batch.seq_id[i][s], (llama_seq_id) n_seq_max);
                     return false;
                 }
             }
@@ -86,7 +92,7 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
 
         // initialize the starting position for each sequence based on the positions in the memory
         llama_pos p0[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
-        for (int32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seq_max; ++s) {
             if (!memory) {
                 // if no memory -> start from 0
                 p0[s] = 0;
@@ -143,13 +149,16 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
     // compute stats
     //
 
-    this->n_embd = n_embd;
+    this->n_embd    = n_embd;
+    this->n_seq_max = n_seq_max;
 
     // count the outputs in this batch
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; ++i) {
         n_outputs += batch.logits[i] != 0;
     }
 
+    has_cpl = false;
+
     // determine coupled sequences
     // these are pairs of sequences that have at least one token in the input batch that is assigned to both of them
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; ++i) {
@@ -166,6 +175,8 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
 
                 // note: tracking the other way around is not necessary for now
                 //seq_cpl[s0][s1] = true;
+
+                has_cpl = true;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -187,7 +198,7 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
             seq_set_map[cur].push_back(i);
         }
 
-        for (int32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seq_max; ++s) {
             if (seq_set_unq.test(s)) {
                 seq_idx[s] = seq_id_unq.size();
                 seq_id_unq.push_back(s);
@@ -199,11 +210,12 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
         LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: input batch info:\n", __func__);
 
         llama_ubatch ubatch {
-            /*.equal_seqs   =*/ false,
+            /*.b_equal_seqs =*/ false,
             /*.n_tokens     =*/ (uint32_t) batch.n_tokens,
             /*.n_seq_tokens =*/ (uint32_t) 1,
             /*.n_seqs       =*/ (uint32_t) batch.n_tokens,
             /*.n_seqs_unq   =*/ (uint32_t) this->seq_id_unq.size(),
+            /*.n_pos        =*/ n_pos_per_embd,
             /*.token        =*/ batch.token,
             /*.embd         =*/ batch.embd,
             /*.pos          =*/ batch.pos,
@@ -212,6 +224,7 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
             /*.seq_id_unq   =*/ this->seq_id_unq.data(),
             /*.seq_idx      =*/ this->seq_idx.data(),
             /*.output       =*/ batch.logits,
+            /*.data         =*/ {},
         };
 
         ubatch_print(ubatch, debug);
@@ -239,38 +252,77 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
     // consistency checks
     //
 
-    for (int32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
-        if (seq_pos[s].empty()) {
-            continue;
-        }
+    if (n_pos_per_embd > 1) {
+        // M-RoPE case: allow position to "jump" forward only (non-continuous positions are allowed)
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seq_max; ++s) {
+            if (seq_pos[s].empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const llama_pos p0 = memory ? memory->seq_pos_max(s) : -1;
 
-        if (memory) {
             if (batch.token) {
-                if (seq_pos_min(s) != memory->seq_pos_max(s) + 1) {
-                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: sequence %d does not start from the last position stored in the memory\n", __func__, s);
+                if (p0 >= 0 && p0 >= seq_pos_min(s)) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR(
+                            "%s: the tokens of sequence %d in the input batch have inconsistent sequence positions:\n"
+                            " - the last position stored in the memory module of the context (i.e. the KV cache) for sequence %d is X = %d\n"
+                            " - the tokens for sequence %d in the input batch have a starting position of Y = %d\n"
+                            " for M-RoPE, it is required that the position satisfies: X < Y\n",
+                            __func__, s, s, p0, s, seq_pos_min(s));
+
                     return false;
                 }
             } else {
-                assert(batch.embd);
+                // embedding inputs can have overlapping positions
+                if (p0 >= 0 && p0 > seq_pos_min(s)) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR(
+                            "%s: the tokens of sequence %d in the input batch have inconsistent sequence positions:\n"
+                            " - the last position stored in the memory module of the context (i.e. the KV cache) for sequence %d is X = %d\n"
+                            " - the tokens for sequence %d in the input batch have a starting position of Y = %d\n"
+                            " for M-RoPE, it is required that the position satisfies: X <= Y\n",
+                            __func__, s, s, p0, s, seq_pos_min(s));
 
-                // for embeddings (typically used as vision input), we allow them to have repeating positions
-                // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/13694#issuecomment-2983871762
-                if (seq_pos_min(s) != memory->seq_pos_max(s) && seq_pos_min(s) != memory->seq_pos_max(s) + 1) {
-                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: sequence %d does not start from the last position stored in the memory\n", __func__, s);
                     return false;
                 }
             }
         }
+    } else {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seq_max; ++s) {
+            if (seq_pos[s].empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const llama_pos p0 = memory ? memory->seq_pos_max(s) : -1;
+
+            if (p0 >= 0) {
+                bool ok = true;
+
+                if (seq_pos_min(s) != p0 + 1) {
+                    ok = false;
+                }
+
+                if (!ok) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR(
+                            "%s: the tokens of sequence %d in the input batch have inconsistent sequence positions:\n"
+                            " - the last position stored in the memory module of the context (i.e. the KV cache) for sequence %d is X = %d\n"
+                            " - the tokens for sequence %d in the input batch have a starting position of Y = %d\n"
+                            " it is required that the sequence positions remain consecutive: Y = X + 1\n",
+                            __func__, s, s, p0, s, seq_pos_min(s));
+
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
 
-        if (seq_pos_max(s) - seq_pos_min(s) + 1 > (int) seq_pos[s].size()) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: sequence %d positions are not continuous\n", __func__, s);
-            return false;
+            if (seq_pos_max(s) - seq_pos_min(s) + 1 > (int) seq_pos[s].size()) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: sequence %d positions are not continuous\n", __func__, s);
+                return false;
+            }
         }
     }
 
     if (memory) {
-        for (int32_t s0 = 0; s0 < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s0) {
-            for (int32_t s1 = 0; s1 < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s1) {
+        for (uint32_t s0 = 0; s0 < n_seq_max; ++s0) {
+            for (uint32_t s1 = 0; s1 < n_seq_max; ++s1) {
                 if (seq_cpl[s0][s1]) {
                     if (memory->seq_pos_min(s0) != memory->seq_pos_min(s1) ||
                         memory->seq_pos_max(s0) != memory->seq_pos_max(s1)) {
@@ -301,12 +353,12 @@ bool llama_batch_allocr::init(
     //
     {
         seq_set_t cur_seq_set[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
-        for (int32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seq_max; ++s) {
             cur_seq_set[s].set();
         }
 
         llama_pos cur_seq_pos[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
-        for (int32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seq_max; ++s) {
             cur_seq_pos[s] = -1;
         }
 
@@ -342,39 +394,41 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::ubatch_reserve(uint32_t n_seq_tokens, uint32_t
     clear();
     split_reset();
 
-    ubatches.emplace_back();
+    const int64_t n_pos_all = (int64_t) n_tokens*n_pos_per_embd;
 
-    auto & ubatch = ubatches.back();
+    auto udata = std::make_shared<llama_ubatch::data_t>();
 
-    ubatch.token     .resize(n_tokens);
-    ubatch.embd      .clear();
-    ubatch.pos       .resize(n_tokens);
-    ubatch.n_seq_id  .resize(n_tokens);
-    ubatch.seq_id    .resize(n_tokens);
-    ubatch.seq_id_unq.resize(0);
-    ubatch.seq_idx   .resize(LLAMA_MAX_SEQ, -1);
-    ubatch.output    .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->token     .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->embd      .clear();
+    udata->pos       .resize(n_pos_all);
+    udata->n_seq_id  .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->seq_id    .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->seq_id_unq.resize(0);
+    udata->seq_idx   .resize(LLAMA_MAX_SEQ, -1);
+    udata->output    .resize(n_tokens);
 
     for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seqs; ++s) {
-        ubatch.seq_idx[s] = s;
-        ubatch.seq_id_unq.push_back(s);
+        udata->seq_idx[s] = s;
+        udata->seq_id_unq.push_back(s);
     }
 
     llama_ubatch res {
-        /*.equal_seqs   =*/ true,
+        /*.b_equal_seqs =*/ true,
         /*.n_tokens     =*/ n_tokens,
         /*.n_seq_tokens =*/ n_seq_tokens,
         /*.n_seqs       =*/ n_seqs,
         /*.n_seqs_unq   =*/ n_seqs,
+        /*.n_pos        =*/ n_pos_per_embd,
 
-        /*.token        =*/ ubatch.token.data(),
+        /*.token        =*/ udata->token.data(),
         /*.embd         =*/ nullptr,
-        /*.pos          =*/ ubatch.pos.data(),
-        /*.n_seq_id     =*/ ubatch.n_seq_id.data(),
-        /*.seq_id       =*/ ubatch.seq_id.data(),
-        /*.seq_id_unq   =*/ ubatch.seq_id_unq.data(),
-        /*.seq_idx      =*/ ubatch.seq_idx.data(),
-        /*.output       =*/ ubatch.output.data(),
+        /*.pos          =*/ udata->pos.data(),
+        /*.n_seq_id     =*/ udata->n_seq_id.data(),
+        /*.seq_id       =*/ udata->seq_id.data(),
+        /*.seq_id_unq   =*/ udata->seq_id_unq.data(),
+        /*.seq_idx      =*/ udata->seq_idx.data(),
+        /*.output       =*/ udata->output.data(),
+        /*.data         =*/ std::move(udata),
     };
 
     return res;
@@ -392,6 +446,10 @@ uint32_t llama_batch_allocr::get_n_outputs() const {
     return n_outputs;
 }
 
+uint32_t llama_batch_allocr::get_n_used() const {
+    return n_used;
+}
+
 std::vector<int32_t> & llama_batch_allocr::get_out_ids() {
     return out_ids;
 }
@@ -407,10 +465,10 @@ llama_pos llama_batch_allocr::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
 void llama_batch_allocr::split_reset() {
     out_ids.clear();
 
+    n_used = 0;
+
     used.clear();
     used.resize(get_n_tokens(), false);
-
-    ubatches.clear();
 }
 
 llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_simple(uint32_t n_ubatch) {
@@ -431,6 +489,7 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_simple(uint32_t n_ubatch) {
         idxs.push_back(cur_idx);
 
         used[cur_idx] = true;
+        ++n_used;
 
         ++cur_idx;
 
@@ -446,9 +505,17 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_simple(uint32_t n_ubatch) {
     return ubatch_add(idxs, idxs.size(), false);
 }
 
-llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_equal(uint32_t n_ubatch) {
+llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_equal(uint32_t n_ubatch, bool sequential) {
+    if (sequential && has_cpl) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: sequential split is not supported when there are coupled sequences in the input batch (you may need to use the -kvu flag)\n", __func__);
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
     std::vector<seq_set_t> cur_seq_set;
 
+    llama_seq_id last_seq_id = -1;
+
     // determine the non-overlapping sequence sets participating in this ubatch
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; ++i) {
         if (used[i]) {
@@ -465,9 +532,16 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_equal(uint32_t n_ubatch) {
             }
         }
 
+        // accept only increasing sequence ids
+        if (sequential) {
+            add = add && (cur_seq_set.empty() || batch.seq_id[i][0] == last_seq_id + 1);
+        }
+
         if (add) {
             cur_seq_set.push_back(seq_set[i]);
 
+            last_seq_id = batch.seq_id[i][0];
+
             if (cur_seq_set.size() > n_ubatch) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -516,6 +590,7 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_equal(uint32_t n_ubatch) {
             idxs_per_seq[s].push_back(idx);
 
             used[idx] = true;
+            ++n_used;
 
             ++cur_idx[s];
         }
@@ -557,6 +632,7 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::split_seq(uint32_t n_ubatch) {
         idxs.push_back(cur_idx);
 
         used[cur_idx] = true;
+        ++n_used;
 
         if (idxs.size() >= n_ubatch) {
             break;
@@ -607,78 +683,91 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::ubatch_add(const std::vector<int32_t> & idxs, u
 
     assert(n_tokens%n_seqs == 0);
 
-    ubatches.emplace_back();
-
-    auto & ubatch = ubatches.back();
-
-    const int32_t n_pos_cur = batch.embd ? n_pos_per_embd : 1;
+    auto udata = std::make_shared<llama_ubatch::data_t>();
 
     const int64_t n_embd_all = batch.embd ? (int64_t) n_tokens*n_embd : 0;
-    const int64_t n_pos_all  =              (int64_t) n_tokens*n_pos_cur;
+    const int64_t n_pos_all  =              (int64_t) n_tokens*n_pos_per_embd;
 
-    ubatch.token     .resize(n_tokens);
-    ubatch.embd      .resize(n_embd_all);
-    ubatch.pos       .resize(n_pos_all);
-    ubatch.n_seq_id  .resize(n_tokens);
-    ubatch.seq_id    .resize(n_tokens);
-    ubatch.seq_id_unq.resize(0);
-    ubatch.seq_idx   .resize(LLAMA_MAX_SEQ, -1);
-    ubatch.output    .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->token     .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->embd      .resize(n_embd_all);
+    udata->pos       .resize(n_pos_all);
+    udata->n_seq_id  .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->seq_id    .resize(n_tokens);
+    udata->seq_id_unq.resize(0);
+    udata->seq_idx   .resize(LLAMA_MAX_SEQ, -1);
+    udata->output    .resize(n_tokens);
+
+    udata->seq_id_data.reserve(n_tokens);
 
     seq_set_t seq_set_unq;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < idxs.size(); ++i) {
         if (batch.token) {
-            ubatch.token[i] = batch.token[idxs[i]];
+            udata->token[i] = batch.token[idxs[i]];
         }
 
         if (batch.embd) {
-            memcpy(ubatch.embd.data() + i*n_embd, batch.embd + (int64_t) idxs[i]*n_embd, n_embd*sizeof(float));
+            memcpy(udata->embd.data() + i*n_embd, batch.embd + (int64_t) idxs[i]*n_embd, n_embd*sizeof(float));
         }
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < n_pos_cur; ++j) {
-            ubatch.pos[j*n_tokens + i] = batch.pos[j*batch.n_tokens + idxs[i]];
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < (size_t)n_pos_per_embd; ++j) {
+            // if we are using M-RoPE
+            //     if the current batch is text, we need to broadcast the same position across all RoPE sections
+            //     otherwise, the input batch is image embeddings, we copy the positions as-is
+            // if we are not using M-RoPE, there is only one position per token (this loop runs only once)
+            size_t src_off = batch.token ? 0 : j*batch.n_tokens;
+            udata->pos[j*n_tokens + i] = batch.pos[src_off + idxs[i]];
         }
 
-        ubatch.n_seq_id[i] = batch.n_seq_id[idxs[i]];
-        ubatch.seq_id[i]   = batch.seq_id[idxs[i]];
-        ubatch.output[i]   = batch.logits[idxs[i]];
+        udata->n_seq_id[i] = batch.n_seq_id[idxs[i]];
+        udata->output[i]   = batch.logits[idxs[i]];
+
+        for (int s = 0; s < udata->n_seq_id[i]; ++s) {
+            const llama_seq_id seq_id = batch.seq_id[idxs[i]][s];
 
-        for (int s = 0; s < ubatch.n_seq_id[i]; ++s) {
-            seq_set_unq.set(ubatch.seq_id[i][s]);
+            udata->seq_id_data.push_back(seq_id);
+            seq_set_unq.set(seq_id);
         }
 
-        if (ubatch.output[i]) {
+        if (udata->output[i]) {
             out_ids.push_back(idxs[i]);
         }
     }
 
-    for (int32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+    llama_seq_id * seq_id_ptr = udata->seq_id_data.data();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < idxs.size(); ++i) {
+        udata->seq_id[i] = seq_id_ptr;
+        seq_id_ptr += udata->n_seq_id[i];
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seq_max; ++s) {
         if (seq_set_unq.test(s)) {
-            ubatch.seq_idx[s] = ubatch.seq_id_unq.size();
-            ubatch.seq_id_unq.push_back(s);
+            udata->seq_idx[s] = udata->seq_id_unq.size();
+            udata->seq_id_unq.push_back(s);
         }
     }
 
     llama_ubatch res {
-        /*.equal_seqs   =*/ equal_seqs,
+        /*.b_equal_seqs =*/ equal_seqs,
         /*.n_tokens     =*/ n_tokens,
         /*.n_seq_tokens =*/ n_tokens/n_seqs,
         /*.n_seqs       =*/ n_seqs,
-        /*.n_seqs_unq   =*/ (uint32_t) ubatch.seq_id_unq.size(),
-
-        /*.token        =*/ batch.token ? ubatch.token.data() : nullptr,
-        /*.embd         =*/ batch.embd ? ubatch.embd.data() : nullptr,
-        /*.pos          =*/ ubatch.pos.data(),
-        /*.n_seq_id     =*/ ubatch.n_seq_id.data(),
-        /*.seq_id       =*/ ubatch.seq_id.data(),
-        /*.seq_id_unq   =*/ ubatch.seq_id_unq.data(),
-        /*.seq_idx      =*/ ubatch.seq_idx.data(),
-        /*.output       =*/ ubatch.output.data(),
+        /*.n_seqs_unq   =*/ (uint32_t) udata->seq_id_unq.size(),
+        /*.n_pos        =*/ n_pos_per_embd,
+
+        /*.token        =*/ batch.token ? udata->token.data() : nullptr,
+        /*.embd         =*/ batch.embd ? udata->embd.data() : nullptr,
+        /*.pos          =*/ udata->pos.data(),
+        /*.n_seq_id     =*/ udata->n_seq_id.data(),
+        /*.seq_id       =*/ udata->seq_id.data(),
+        /*.seq_id_unq   =*/ udata->seq_id_unq.data(),
+        /*.seq_idx      =*/ udata->seq_idx.data(),
+        /*.output       =*/ udata->output.data(),
+        /*.data         =*/ std::move(udata),
     };
 
     if (debug > 0) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: added ubatch %d to split:\n", __func__, (int) ubatches.size() - 1);
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: added ubatch to split:\n", __func__);
 
         ubatch_print(res, debug);
     }
@@ -688,7 +777,7 @@ llama_ubatch llama_batch_allocr::ubatch_add(const std::vector<int32_t> & idxs, u
 
 void llama_batch_allocr::ubatch_print(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, int debug) {
     if (debug > 0) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   equal_seqs   = %d\n", __func__, ubatch.equal_seqs);
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   equal_seqs   = %d\n", __func__, ubatch.equal_seqs());
         LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   n_tokens     = %d\n", __func__, ubatch.n_tokens);
         LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   n_seq_tokens = %d\n", __func__, ubatch.n_seq_tokens);
         LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   n_seqs       = %d\n", __func__, ubatch.n_seqs);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.h
index d2c5376188a..8e6fac0efab 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-batch.h
@@ -8,18 +8,34 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <set>
 #include <bitset>
+#include <memory>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 // keep this struct lightweight
-// it points to data in `llama_batch_allocr`
 struct llama_ubatch {
-    bool equal_seqs;
+    bool equal_seqs() const {
+        return b_equal_seqs != 0;
+    }
+
+    // typical for M-RoPE cases:
+    //   0 - sequantial position of the tokens/embeddings in the sequence
+    //   1 - y position in the image
+    //   2 - x position in the image
+    //   3 - other
+    bool is_pos_2d() const {
+        // TODO @ngxson : we may need to check for model arch when more models use >1 positions
+        return n_pos >= 3;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t b_equal_seqs; // note: this is a boolean, but we use an int32_t for alignment
+                           //       otherwise address sanitizer complains
     // TODO: whole_seqs for embeddings?
 
     uint32_t n_tokens;     // total tokens (n_seq_tokens * n_seqs)
     uint32_t n_seq_tokens; // tokens per sequence set
     uint32_t n_seqs;       // sequence sets in the ubatch
     uint32_t n_seqs_unq;   // unique sequence ids in the ubatch
+    uint32_t n_pos;        // number of position inputs for each token/embedding
 
     // seq_id_unq: unique sequence ids in the ubatch
     // seq_idx:    indices of the unique sequence ids in the ubatch in [0, n_seqs_unq)
@@ -28,12 +44,28 @@ struct llama_ubatch {
     //                          // size               | idx | val
     llama_token  *  token;      // [n_tokens]         | i   | id, token
     float        *  embd;       // [n_embd, n_tokens] | i   | embd
-    llama_pos    *  pos;        // [n_tokens]         | i   | pos
+    llama_pos    *  pos;        // [n_tokens*n_pos]   | i   | pos
     int32_t      *  n_seq_id;   // [n_tokens]         | i   | -
     llama_seq_id ** seq_id;     // [n_tokens]         | s   | s0, s1, seq_id
     llama_seq_id *  seq_id_unq; // [n_seqs_unq]       | s   | seq_id
     int32_t      *  seq_idx;    // [LLAMA_MAX_SEQ]    | -   | seq_idx
     int8_t       *  output;     // [n_tokens]         | i   | -
+
+    struct data_t {
+        std::vector<llama_token>    token;
+        std::vector<float>          embd;
+        std::vector<llama_pos>      pos;
+        std::vector<int32_t>        n_seq_id;
+        std::vector<llama_seq_id *> seq_id;      // these point into the seq_id_data below
+        std::vector<llama_seq_id>   seq_id_unq;
+        std::vector<int32_t>        seq_idx;
+        std::vector<int8_t>         output;
+
+        std::vector<llama_seq_id> seq_id_data;
+    };
+
+    // the llama_ubatch pointers above point to this data if set. otherwise - point to external non-owning data
+    std::shared_ptr<data_t> data;
 };
 
 // a helper for sanitizing, fulfilling and splitting a batch
@@ -48,12 +80,14 @@ class llama_batch_allocr {
             const llama_vocab & vocab,
             const llama_memory_i * memory,
             uint32_t n_embd,
+            uint32_t n_seq_max,
             bool output_all);
 
     const llama_batch & get_batch() const;
 
     uint32_t get_n_tokens()  const;
     uint32_t get_n_outputs() const;
+    uint32_t get_n_used()    const;
 
     // the array of output indices in the order they were encountered during the ubatch splitting
     std::vector<int32_t> & get_out_ids();
@@ -69,7 +103,8 @@ class llama_batch_allocr {
     llama_ubatch split_simple(uint32_t n_ubatch);
 
     // make ubatches of equal-length sequences sets
-    llama_ubatch split_equal(uint32_t n_ubatch);
+    // if sequential == true, the tokens in the ubatch will have increasing sequential sequence ids
+    llama_ubatch split_equal(uint32_t n_ubatch, bool sequential);
 
     // sequence-set-wise split - each ubatch contains a single sequence-set
     llama_ubatch split_seq(uint32_t n_ubatch);
@@ -98,9 +133,10 @@ class llama_batch_allocr {
     const uint32_t n_pos_per_embd;
 
     uint32_t n_embd;
+    uint32_t n_seq_max;
     uint32_t n_outputs;
 
-    std::array<llama_seq_id, 1> seq_id_0 = { 0 }; // default sequence id
+    std::array<llama_seq_id, 1> seq_id_0 = {{ 0 }}; // default sequence id
 
     std::vector<llama_pos>      pos;
     std::vector<int32_t>        n_seq_id;
@@ -112,6 +148,9 @@ class llama_batch_allocr {
     using pos_set_t = std::set<llama_pos>;
     using seq_cpl_t = std::vector<bool>;
 
+    // helper flag to quickly determine if there are any coupled sequences in the batch
+    bool has_cpl = false;
+
     std::vector<pos_set_t> seq_pos; // seq_pos[s]: the set of positions in sequence s
     std::vector<seq_cpl_t> seq_cpl; // seq_cpl[s0][s1]: if sequence s0 is coupled to sequence s1
 
@@ -125,23 +164,10 @@ class llama_batch_allocr {
     // batch indices of the output
     std::vector<int32_t> out_ids;
 
+    uint32_t n_used;
+
     // used[i] indicates if token i has already been used in a previous ubatch
     std::vector<bool> used;
 
-    // llama_ubatch points to this data:
-    struct ubatch {
-        std::vector<llama_token>    token;
-        std::vector<float>          embd;
-        std::vector<llama_pos>      pos;
-        std::vector<int32_t>        n_seq_id;
-        std::vector<llama_seq_id *> seq_id;
-        std::vector<llama_seq_id>   seq_id_unq;
-        std::vector<int32_t>        seq_idx;
-        std::vector<int8_t>         output;
-    };
-
-    // current splitting state:
-    std::vector<ubatch> ubatches;
-
     int debug;
 };
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.cpp
index 0839cad3ee6..c415a998f33 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.cpp
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 static std::string trim(const std::string & str) {
     size_t start = 0;
     size_t end = str.size();
-    while (start < end && isspace(str[start])) {
+    while (start < end && isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[start]))) {
         start += 1;
     }
-    while (end > start && isspace(str[end - 1])) {
+    while (end > start && isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[end - 1]))) {
         end -= 1;
     }
     return str.substr(start, end - start);
@@ -56,14 +56,26 @@ static const std::map<std::string, llm_chat_template> LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATES = {
     { "glmedge",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE           },
     { "minicpm",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MINICPM           },
     { "exaone3",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_3          },
+    { "exaone4",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_4          },
+    { "exaone-moe",        LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_MOE        },
     { "rwkv-world",        LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_RWKV_WORLD        },
     { "granite",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GRANITE           },
     { "gigachat",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GIGACHAT          },
     { "megrez",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MEGREZ            },
     { "yandex",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX            },
     { "bailing",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING           },
+    { "bailing-think",     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING_THINK     },
+    { "bailing2",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING2          },
     { "llama4",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA4            },
     { "smolvlm",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SMOLVLM           },
+    { "hunyuan-moe",       LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_MOE       },
+    { "gpt-oss",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_OPENAI_MOE        },
+    { "hunyuan-dense",     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_DENSE     },
+    { "kimi-k2",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_KIMI_K2           },
+    { "seed_oss",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SEED_OSS          },
+    { "grok-2",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GROK_2            },
+    { "pangu-embedded",    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PANGU_EMBED       },
+    { "solar-open",        LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SOLAR_OPEN        },
 };
 
 llm_chat_template llm_chat_template_from_str(const std::string & name) {
@@ -126,6 +138,9 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
     } else if (tmpl_contains("[gMASK]<sop>")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_4;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("<|assistant|>") && tmpl_contains("<|user|>")) {
+        if (tmpl_contains("<|tool_declare|>")) {
+            return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_MOE;
+        }
         return tmpl_contains("</s>") ? LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_FALCON_3 : LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("<|{{ item['role'] }}|>") && tmpl_contains("<|begin_of_image|>")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE;
@@ -166,10 +181,13 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
     } else if (tmpl_contains(LU8("<｜Assistant｜>")) && tmpl_contains(LU8("<｜User｜>")) && tmpl_contains(LU8("<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>"))) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_DEEPSEEK_3;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("[|system|]") && tmpl_contains("[|assistant|]") && tmpl_contains("[|endofturn|]")) {
+        if (tmpl_contains("[|tool|]")) {
+            return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_4;
+        }
         // ref: https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/EXAONE-3.0-7.8B-Instruct/discussions/8#66bae61b1893d14ee8ed85bb
         // EXAONE-3.0-7.8B-Instruct
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_3;
-    } else if (tmpl_contains("rwkv-world")) {
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("rwkv-world") || tmpl_contains("{{- 'User: ' + message['content']|trim + '\\n\\n' -}}")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_RWKV_WORLD;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("<|start_of_role|>")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GRANITE;
@@ -181,10 +199,30 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("<role>ASSISTANT</role>") && tmpl_contains("'HUMAN'")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<role>ASSISTANT</role>") && tmpl_contains("\"HUMAN\"") && tmpl_contains("<think>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING_THINK;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<role>ASSISTANT</role>") && tmpl_contains("<role>HUMAN</role>") && tmpl_contains("<|role_end|>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING2;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("<|header_start|>") && tmpl_contains("<|header_end|>")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA4;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("<|endofuserprompt|>")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_DOTS1;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|extra_0|>") && tmpl_contains("<|extra_4|>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_MOE;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|start|>") && tmpl_contains("<|channel|>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_OPENAI_MOE;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<｜hy_Assistant｜>") && tmpl_contains("<｜hy_place▁holder▁no▁3｜>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_DENSE;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|im_assistant|>assistant<|im_middle|>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_KIMI_K2;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<seed:bos>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SEED_OSS;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("'Assistant: '  + message['content'] + '<|separator|>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GROK_2;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains(LU8("[unused9]系统：[unused10]"))) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PANGU_EMBED;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|begin|>") && tmpl_contains("<|end|>") && tmpl_contains("<|content|>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SOLAR_OPEN;
     }
     return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_UNKNOWN;
 }
@@ -195,7 +233,7 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
     llm_chat_template tmpl,
     const std::vector<const llama_chat_message *> & chat,
     std::string & dest, bool add_ass) {
-    // Taken from the research: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/5527
+    // Taken from the research: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/5527
     std::stringstream ss;
     if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATML) {
         // chatml template
@@ -526,14 +564,51 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
         if (add_ass) {
             ss << "[|assistant|]";
         }
-    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_RWKV_WORLD) {
-        // this template requires the model to have "\n\n" as EOT token
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_4) {
         for (auto message : chat) {
             std::string role(message->role);
-            if (role == "user") {
-                ss << "User: " << message->content << "\n\nAssistant:";
-            } else {
-                ss << message->content << "\n\n";
+            if (role == "system") {
+                ss << "[|system|]" << trim(message->content) << "[|endofturn|]\n";
+            } else if (role == "user") {
+                ss << "[|user|]" << trim(message->content) << "\n";
+            } else if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << "[|assistant|]" << trim(message->content) << "[|endofturn|]\n";
+            } else if (role == "tool") {
+                ss << "[|tool|]" << trim(message->content) << "[|endofturn|]\n";
+            }
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "[|assistant|]";
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_MOE) {
+        for (auto message : chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+            if (role == "system") {
+                ss << "<|system|>\n" << trim(message->content) << "<|endofturn|>\n";
+            } else if (role == "user") {
+                ss << "<|user|>\n" << trim(message->content) << "<|endofturn|>\n";
+            } else if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << "<|assistant|>\n" << trim(message->content) << "<|endofturn|>\n";
+            } else if (role == "tool") {
+                ss << "<|tool|>\n" << trim(message->content) << "<|endofturn|>\n";
+            }
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "<|assistant|>\n";
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_RWKV_WORLD) {
+        // this template requires the model to have "\n\n" as EOT token
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < chat.size(); i++) {
+            std::string role(chat[i]->role);
+            if (role == "system") {
+                ss << "System: " << trim(chat[i]->content) << "\n\n";
+            } else if (role == "user") {
+                ss << "User: " << trim(chat[i]->content) << "\n\n";
+                if (i == chat.size() - 1) {
+                    ss << "Assistant:";
+                }
+            } else if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << "Assistant: " << trim(chat[i]->content) << "\n\n";
             }
         }
     } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GRANITE) {
@@ -547,7 +622,7 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
             ss << message->content << "<|end_of_text|>\n";
         }
         if (add_ass) {
-            ss << "<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>\n";
+            ss << "<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>";
         }
     } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GIGACHAT) {
         // GigaChat template
@@ -588,8 +663,6 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
     } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX) {
         // Yandex template ("\n\n" is defined as EOT token)
 
-        ss << "<s>";
-
         for (size_t i = 0; i < chat.size(); i++) {
             std::string role(chat[i]->role);
             if (role == "user") {
@@ -603,8 +676,8 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
         if (add_ass) {
             ss << " Ассистент:[SEP]";
         }
-    }  else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING) {
-        // Bailing (Ling) template
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING || tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING_THINK) {
+        // Bailing (Ling/Ring) template
         for (auto message : chat) {
             std::string role(message->role);
 
@@ -617,6 +690,33 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
             ss << "<role>" << role << "</role>" << message->content;
         }
 
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "<role>ASSISTANT</role>";
+
+            if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING_THINK) {
+                ss << "<think>";
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING2) {
+        // Bailing2 (Ling 2.0) template
+        bool has_system = !chat.empty() && std::string(chat[0]->role) == "system";
+
+        if (!has_system) {
+            ss << "<role>SYSTEM</role>detailed thinking off<|role_end|>";
+        }
+
+        for (auto message : chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+
+            if (role == "user") {
+                role = "HUMAN";
+            } else {
+                std::transform(role.begin(), role.end(), role.begin(), ::toupper);
+            }
+
+            ss << "<role>" << role << "</role>" << message->content << "<|role_end|>";
+        }
+
         if (add_ass) {
             ss << "<role>ASSISTANT</role>";
         }
@@ -660,6 +760,122 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
         if (add_ass) {
             ss << "<|response|>";
         }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_MOE) {
+        // tencent/Hunyuan-A13B-Instruct
+        for (auto message : chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+            if (role == "system") {
+                ss << "<|startoftext|>" << message->content << "<|extra_4|>";
+            } else if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << message->content << "<|eos|>";
+            } else {
+                ss << "<|startoftext|>" << message->content << "<|extra_0|>";
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_OPENAI_MOE) {
+        // OpenAI MoE (based on Harmony chat template)
+        for (auto message : chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+            ss << "<|start|>" << role << "<|message|>" << message->content;
+            ss << (role == "assistant" ? "<|return|>" : "<|end|>");
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "<|start|>assistant";
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_DENSE) {
+        // tencent/Hunyuan-4B-Instruct
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < chat.size(); i++) {
+            std::string role(chat[i]->role);
+            if (i == 0) {
+                if (role == "system") {
+                    ss << chat[i]->content << "<｜hy_place▁holder▁no▁3｜>";
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << "<｜hy_Assistant｜>" << chat[i]->content << "<｜hy_place▁holder▁no▁2｜>";
+            } else if (role == "user") {
+                ss << "<｜hy_User｜>" << chat[i]->content << "<｜hy_Assistant｜>";
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_KIMI_K2) {
+        // moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Instruct
+        for (auto message : chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+            if (role == "system") {
+                ss << "<|im_system|>system<|im_middle|>";
+            } else if (role == "user") {
+                ss << "<|im_user|>user<|im_middle|>";
+            } else if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << "<|im_assistant|>assistant<|im_middle|>";
+            } else if (role == "tool") {
+                ss << "<|im_system|>tool<|im_middle|>";
+            }
+
+            ss << message->content << "<|im_end|>";
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "<|im_assistant|>assistant<|im_middle|>";
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SEED_OSS) {
+        for (auto message: chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+            ss << "<seed:bos>" << role << "\n" << (role == "assistant" ? trim(message->content) : message->content) << "<seed:eos>";
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "<seed:bos>assistant\n";
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GROK_2) {
+        for (auto message : chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+            if (role == "system") {
+                ss << "System: " << trim(message->content) << "<|separator|>\n\n";
+            } else if (role == "user") {
+                ss << "Human: " << trim(message->content) << "<|separator|>\n\n";
+            } else if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << "Assistant: " << message->content << "<|separator|>\n\n";
+            }
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "Assistant:";
+        }
+    }else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PANGU_EMBED) {
+        // [unused9]系统：xxx[unused10]
+        // [unused9]用户：xxx[unused10]
+        // [unused9]助手：xxx[unused10]
+        // ...
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < chat.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto & msg = chat[i];
+            const std::string & role = msg->role;
+            const std::string & content = msg->content;
+
+            if (i == 0 && role != "system") {
+                ss << "[unused9]系统：[unused10]";
+            }
+
+            if (role == "system") {
+                ss << "[unused9]系统：" << content << "[unused10]";
+            } else if (role == "user") {
+                ss << "[unused9]用户：" << content << "[unused10]";
+            } else if (role == "assistant") {
+                ss << "[unused9]助手：" << content << "[unused10]";
+            } else if (role == "tool") {
+                ss << "[unused9]工具：" << content << "[unused10]";
+            } else if (role == "function") {
+                ss << "[unused9]方法：" << content << "[unused10]";
+            }
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "[unused9]助手：";
+        }
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SOLAR_OPEN) {
+        for (auto message : chat) {
+            std::string role(message->role);
+            ss << "<|begin|>" << role << "<|content|>" << message->content << "<|end|>";
+        }
+        if (add_ass) {
+            ss << "<|begin|>assistant";
+        }
     } else {
         // template not supported
         return -1;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.h
index 38800010ae4..9ed1db128ec 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-chat.h
@@ -35,15 +35,27 @@ enum llm_chat_template {
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MINICPM,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_3,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_4,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_MOE,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_RWKV_WORLD,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GRANITE,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GIGACHAT,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MEGREZ,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING_THINK,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING2,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA4,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SMOLVLM,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_DOTS1,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_MOE,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_OPENAI_MOE,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_HUNYUAN_DENSE,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_KIMI_K2,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SEED_OSS,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GROK_2,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PANGU_EMBED,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SOLAR_OPEN,
     LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_UNKNOWN,
 };
 
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.cpp
index 5a18a4fb393..1f7a52d7895 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 #include "llama-context.h"
 
+#include "llama-arch.h"
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 #include "llama-batch.h"
 #include "llama-io.h"
 #include "llama-memory.h"
 #include "llama-mmap.h"
 #include "llama-model.h"
+#include "llama-ext.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -20,7 +23,11 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
         const llama_model & model,
               llama_context_params params) :
     model(model),
+    cvec(std::make_unique<llama_adapter_cvec>()),
+    loras(std::make_unique<llama_adapter_loras>()),
     balloc(std::make_unique<llama_batch_allocr>(model.hparams.n_pos_per_embd())) {
+    // TODO warning when creating llama_context with awkward ctx size that is not a power of 2,
+    //     may need to be backend-dependent
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: constructing llama_context\n", __func__);
 
     t_start_us = model.t_start_us;
@@ -35,14 +42,12 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
 
     cparams.n_threads        = params.n_threads;
     cparams.n_threads_batch  = params.n_threads_batch;
-    cparams.yarn_ext_factor  = params.yarn_ext_factor;
-    cparams.yarn_attn_factor = params.yarn_attn_factor;
-    cparams.yarn_beta_fast   = params.yarn_beta_fast;
-    cparams.yarn_beta_slow   = params.yarn_beta_slow;
-    cparams.defrag_thold     = params.defrag_thold;
+    cparams.yarn_ext_factor  = params.yarn_ext_factor  >= 0.0f ? params.yarn_ext_factor  : hparams.yarn_ext_factor;
+    cparams.yarn_attn_factor = params.yarn_attn_factor >= 0.0f ? params.yarn_attn_factor : hparams.yarn_attn_factor;
+    cparams.yarn_beta_fast   = params.yarn_beta_fast   >= 0.0f ? params.yarn_beta_fast   : hparams.yarn_beta_fast;
+    cparams.yarn_beta_slow   = params.yarn_beta_slow   >= 0.0f ? params.yarn_beta_slow   : hparams.yarn_beta_slow;
     cparams.embeddings       = params.embeddings;
     cparams.offload_kqv      = params.offload_kqv;
-    cparams.flash_attn       = params.flash_attn;
     cparams.no_perf          = params.no_perf;
     cparams.pooling_type     = params.pooling_type;
     cparams.warmup           = false;
@@ -58,6 +63,25 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
     cparams.cb_eval           = params.cb_eval;
     cparams.cb_eval_user_data = params.cb_eval_user_data;
 
+    // Initialize backend samplers here so they are part of the sampling graph
+    // before the reserve passes run later in this function. This avoids a later
+    // re-reserve when graph nodes change.
+    if (params.samplers != nullptr && params.n_samplers > 0) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < params.n_samplers; ++i) {
+            const auto & config = params.samplers[i];
+
+            if (llama_sampler_chain_get(config.sampler, -1) == nullptr) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("the backend samplers must be of type llama_sampler_chain");
+            }
+
+            if (set_sampler(config.seq_id, config.sampler)) {
+                const int n_samplers = llama_sampler_chain_n(config.sampler);
+
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: setting backend sampler for seq_id %d (n = %d)\n", __func__, config.seq_id, n_samplers);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     auto rope_scaling_type = params.rope_scaling_type;
     if (rope_scaling_type == LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED) {
         rope_scaling_type = hparams.rope_scaling_type_train;
@@ -71,6 +95,43 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
         cparams.yarn_ext_factor = rope_scaling_type == LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_YARN ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
     }
 
+    if (cparams.yarn_ext_factor != 0) {
+        static auto get_mscale = [](float scale, float mscale) {
+            return scale <= 1.0f ? 1.0f : (0.1f * mscale * logf(scale) + 1.0f);
+        };
+
+        const float factor = 1.0f / cparams.rope_freq_scale;
+
+        // ref: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/6d00f6b0a5679c36510f203e4226e36f517c3032/src/transformers/modeling_rope_utils.py#L336-L348
+        if (hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul != 0.0f) {
+            // note: here we assume `mscale == 1.0f`
+            // TODO: start reading the actual value of mscale and handle the case where it is not 1.0f
+                  float mscale          = 1.0f;
+            const float mscale_all_dims = hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul;
+
+            // [TAG_DEEPSEEK2_YARN_LOG_MUL_FIX]
+            // special-case DEEPSEEK v2:
+            // https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V2-Lite-Chat/blob/main/config.json#L42-L43
+            if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2 && mscale_all_dims != 1.0f) {
+                mscale = mscale_all_dims;
+            }
+
+            cparams.yarn_attn_factor = get_mscale(factor, mscale) / get_mscale(factor, mscale_all_dims);
+
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: setting new yarn_attn_factor = %.4f (mscale == %.1f, mscale_all_dim = %.1f)\n",
+                    __func__, cparams.yarn_attn_factor, mscale, mscale_all_dims);
+        } else {
+            cparams.yarn_attn_factor = get_mscale(factor, 1.0f);
+        }
+
+        // when YARN is applied with yarn_ext_factor != 0.0f, we need to cancel this factor:
+        // https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/a81a569577cc38b32558958b048228150be63eae/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp#L5541-L5544
+        //
+        // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/7416
+        //      https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17945
+        cparams.yarn_attn_factor *= 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.1f * logf(factor));
+    }
+
     cparams.yarn_attn_factor *= hparams.rope_attn_factor;
 
     if (cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED) {
@@ -87,47 +148,71 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
         cparams.causal_attn = params.attention_type == LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_CAUSAL;
     }
 
+    cparams.flash_attn = params.flash_attn_type != LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED;
+    cparams.auto_fa    = params.flash_attn_type == LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO;
+
+    cparams.fused_gdn_ar = true;
+    cparams.fused_gdn_ch = true;
+    cparams.auto_fgdn    = true;
+
     // with causal attention, the batch size is limited by the context size
     cparams.n_batch = cparams.causal_attn ? std::min(cparams.n_ctx, params.n_batch) : params.n_batch;
 
-    // the batch has to be at least GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD because we will be padding the KQ_mask
-    // this is required by GPU kernels in order to avoid out-of-bounds accesses (e.g. ggml_flash_attn_ext)
-    // ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5021
-    // TODO: this padding is not needed for the cache-less context so we should probably move it to llama_context_kv_self
-    if (cparams.n_batch < GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: n_batch is less than GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD - increasing to %d\n", __func__, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD);
-        cparams.n_batch = GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD;
-    }
-
     cparams.n_ubatch = std::min(cparams.n_batch, params.n_ubatch == 0 ? params.n_batch : params.n_ubatch);
 
     cparams.op_offload = params.op_offload;
+    cparams.kv_unified = params.kv_unified;
+
+    // initialized later
+    cparams.pipeline_parallel = false;
+
+    {
+        const char * LLAMA_GRAPH_REUSE_DISABLE = getenv("LLAMA_GRAPH_REUSE_DISABLE");
+        graph_reuse_disable = LLAMA_GRAPH_REUSE_DISABLE ? (atoi(LLAMA_GRAPH_REUSE_DISABLE) != 0) : graph_reuse_disable;
+
+        if (graph_reuse_disable) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: graph reuse disabled\n", __func__);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17046#discussion_r2503085732
+    cparams.n_ctx = GGML_PAD(cparams.n_ctx, 256);
 
-    const uint32_t n_ctx_per_seq = cparams.n_ctx / cparams.n_seq_max;
+    if (cparams.kv_unified) {
+        cparams.n_ctx_seq = cparams.n_ctx;
+    } else {
+        cparams.n_ctx_seq = cparams.n_ctx / cparams.n_seq_max;
+        cparams.n_ctx_seq = GGML_PAD(cparams.n_ctx_seq, 256);
+
+        if (cparams.n_ctx_seq == 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("n_ctx_seq == 0");
+        }
+
+        if (cparams.n_ctx != cparams.n_ctx_seq * cparams.n_seq_max) {
+            cparams.n_ctx =  cparams.n_ctx_seq * cparams.n_seq_max;
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: n_ctx is not divisible by n_seq_max - rounding down to %u\n", __func__, cparams.n_ctx);
+        }
+    }
 
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_seq_max     = %u\n",   __func__, cparams.n_seq_max);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ctx         = %u\n",   __func__, cparams.n_ctx);
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ctx_per_seq = %u\n",   __func__, n_ctx_per_seq);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ctx_seq     = %u\n",   __func__, cparams.n_ctx_seq);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_batch       = %u\n",   __func__, cparams.n_batch);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ubatch      = %u\n",   __func__, cparams.n_ubatch);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: causal_attn   = %d\n",   __func__, cparams.causal_attn);
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: flash_attn    = %d\n",   __func__, cparams.flash_attn);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: flash_attn    = %s\n",   __func__, llama_flash_attn_type_name(params.flash_attn_type));
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: kv_unified    = %s\n",   __func__, cparams.kv_unified ? "true" : "false");
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_base     = %.1f\n", __func__, cparams.rope_freq_base);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_scale    = %g\n",   __func__, cparams.rope_freq_scale);
 
-    if (n_ctx_per_seq < hparams.n_ctx_train) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: n_ctx_per_seq (%u) < n_ctx_train (%u) -- the full capacity of the model will not be utilized\n",
-                __func__, n_ctx_per_seq, hparams.n_ctx_train);
-    }
-
-    if (n_ctx_per_seq > hparams.n_ctx_train) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: n_ctx_per_seq (%u) > n_ctx_train (%u) -- possible training context overflow\n",
-                __func__, n_ctx_per_seq, hparams.n_ctx_train);
+    if (cparams.n_ctx_seq < hparams.n_ctx_train) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: n_ctx_seq (%u) < n_ctx_train (%u) -- the full capacity of the model will not be utilized\n",
+                __func__, cparams.n_ctx_seq, hparams.n_ctx_train);
     }
 
-    if (!params.swa_full && cparams.n_seq_max > 1 && hparams.is_swa_any()) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: requested n_seq_max (%u) > 1, but swa_full is not enabled -- performance may be degraded: %s\n",
-                __func__, cparams.n_seq_max, "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13845#issuecomment-2924800573");
+    if (cparams.n_ctx_seq > hparams.n_ctx_train) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: n_ctx_seq (%u) > n_ctx_train (%u) -- possible training context overflow\n",
+                __func__, cparams.n_ctx_seq, hparams.n_ctx_train);
     }
 
     if (!hparams.vocab_only) {
@@ -175,8 +260,7 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
 
         // graph outputs buffer
         {
-            // resized during inference when a batch uses more outputs
-            if ((uint32_t) output_reserve(params.n_seq_max) < params.n_seq_max) {
+            if (output_reserve(params.n_seq_max) < params.n_seq_max) {
                 throw std::runtime_error("failed to reserve initial output buffer");
             }
 
@@ -203,6 +287,7 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
 
         backend_buft.clear();
         backend_ptrs.clear();
+        backend_buf_exp_size.clear();
 
         for (auto & backend : backends) {
             auto * buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend.get());
@@ -219,23 +304,17 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
 
             backend_buft.push_back(buft);
             backend_ptrs.push_back(backend.get());
+            backend_buf_exp_size.push_back(0);
         }
 
         LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: backend_ptrs.size() = %zu\n", __func__, backend_ptrs.size());
 
-        const size_t max_nodes = this->graph_max_nodes();
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: max_nodes = %zu\n", __func__, max_nodes);
-
-        // buffer used to store the computation graph and the tensor meta data
-        buf_compute_meta.resize(ggml_tensor_overhead()*max_nodes + ggml_graph_overhead_custom(max_nodes, false));
-
         // TODO: move these checks to ggml_backend_sched
         // enabling pipeline parallelism in the scheduler increases memory usage, so it is only done when necessary
         bool pipeline_parallel =
             model.n_devices() > 1 &&
-            model.params.n_gpu_layers > (int) model.hparams.n_layer &&
-            model.params.split_mode == LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER &&
+            model.n_gpu_layers() > model.hparams.n_layer &&
+            model.split_mode() == LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER &&
             cparams.offload_kqv &&
             !model.has_tensor_overrides();
 
@@ -245,6 +324,7 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
                 auto dev_type = ggml_backend_dev_type(ggml_backend_get_device(backend.get()));
                 if (dev_type == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) {
                     // ignore CPU backend
+                    // TODO: should we ignore ACCEL types too?
                     continue;
                 }
                 auto * dev = ggml_backend_get_device(backend.get());
@@ -258,95 +338,308 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
             }
         }
 
-        sched.reset(ggml_backend_sched_new(backend_ptrs.data(), backend_buft.data(), backend_ptrs.size(), max_nodes, pipeline_parallel, cparams.op_offload));
+        cparams.pipeline_parallel = pipeline_parallel;
 
-        if (pipeline_parallel) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: pipeline parallelism enabled (n_copies=%d)\n", __func__, ggml_backend_sched_get_n_copies(sched.get()));
+        if (cparams.pipeline_parallel) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: pipeline parallelism enabled\n", __func__);
+
+            if (!graph_reuse_disable) {
+                // TODO: figure out a way to make graph reuse work with pipeline parallelism
+                // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/20463
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: graph reuse is currently not compatible with pipeline parallelism - disabling\n", __func__);
+
+                graph_reuse_disable = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        sched_reserve();
+
+        if (!cparams.flash_attn) {
+            if (ggml_is_quantized(params.type_v)) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("quantized V cache was requested, but this requires Flash Attention");
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    // reserve worst-case graph
-    if (!hparams.vocab_only && memory) {
-        const uint32_t n_seqs = cparams.n_seq_max;
-        const uint32_t n_tokens = std::min(cparams.n_ctx, cparams.n_ubatch);
+    // Initialize the full vocabulary token ids for backend samplers.
+    {
+        const int n_vocab = model.vocab.n_tokens();
 
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: worst-case: n_tokens = %d, n_seqs = %d, n_outputs = %d\n", __func__, n_tokens, n_seqs, n_outputs);
+        sampling.token_ids_full_vocab.resize(n_vocab);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_vocab; ++i) {
+            sampling.token_ids_full_vocab[i] = i;
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-        int n_splits_pp = -1;
-        int n_nodes_pp  = -1;
+llama_context::~llama_context() {
+    if (!model.hparams.no_alloc) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < backend_ptrs.size(); ++i) {
+            ggml_backend_t             backend = backend_ptrs[i];
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft    = backend_buft[i];
 
-        int n_splits_tg = -1;
-        int n_nodes_tg  = -1;
+            const size_t size_exp = backend_buf_exp_size[i];
+            const size_t size_act = ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(sched.get(), backend);
+            if (size_exp == size_act) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: %10s compute buffer size is %8.4f MiB, matches expectation of %8.4f MiB\n",
+                    __func__, ggml_backend_buft_name(buft), size_act / (1024.0*1024.0), size_exp / (1024.0*1024.0));
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: %10s compute buffer size of %8.4f MiB, does not match expectation of %8.4f MiB\n",
+                    __func__, ggml_backend_buft_name(buft), size_act / (1024.0*1024.0), size_exp / (1024.0*1024.0));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ggml_opt_free(opt_ctx);
+}
+
+void llama_context::sched_reserve() {
+    if (!sched_need_reserve) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    sched_need_reserve = false;
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: reserving ...\n", __func__);
+
+    synchronize();
+
+    const int64_t t_start_us = ggml_time_us();
+
+    const uint32_t n_seqs = cparams.n_seq_max;
+    const uint32_t n_tokens = std::min(cparams.n_ctx, cparams.n_ubatch);
+
+    const size_t max_nodes = this->graph_max_nodes(n_tokens);
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: max_nodes = %zu\n", __func__, max_nodes);
+
+    gf_res_prev.reset(new llm_graph_result(max_nodes));
+    gf_res_reserve.reset(new llm_graph_result(max_nodes));
 
-        // simulate full KV cache
+    sched.reset(ggml_backend_sched_new(backend_ptrs.data(), backend_buft.data(), backend_ptrs.size(), max_nodes, cparams.pipeline_parallel, cparams.op_offload));
 
-        const auto mstate = memory->init_full();
-        if (!mstate) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("failed to initialize KV cache");
+    llama_memory_context_ptr mctx;
+    if (memory) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: reserving full memory module\n", __func__);
+        mctx = memory->init_full();
+        if (!mctx) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to initialize memory module");
         }
+    }
 
-        cross.v_embd.clear();
+    // avoid reserving graphs with zero outputs - assume one output per sequence
+    const int n_outputs = n_seqs;
 
-        // reserve pp graph first so that buffers are only allocated once
-        {
-            auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, mstate.get());
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: worst-case: n_tokens = %d, n_seqs = %d, n_outputs = %d\n", __func__, n_tokens, n_seqs, n_outputs);
+
+    // resolve automatic Flash Attention use
+    if (cparams.auto_fa) {
+        auto * gf = graph_reserve(1, n_seqs, n_outputs, mctx.get(), true);
+        if (!gf) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to reserve graph for Flash Attention check");
+        }
+
+        const size_t prefix_len = strlen(LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FATTN) + 1;
+        bool fa_device_mismatch = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf); i++) {
+            ggml_tensor * n = ggml_graph_node(gf, i);
+            if (n->op != GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ggml_backend_dev_t device_fa = ggml_backend_get_device(ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched.get(), n));
+
+            // TODO: instead of the tensor names, use a map to keep track of which (FA) tensors belong to which layer
+            GGML_ASSERT(strncmp(n->name, LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FATTN "-", prefix_len) == 0);
+            const int il = std::stoi(n->name + prefix_len);
+            ggml_backend_dev_t device_kv = model.dev_layer(il);
+            if (device_fa != device_kv) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: layer %d is assigned to device %s but the Flash Attention tensor "
+                        "is assigned to device %s (usually due to missing support)\n",
+                        __func__, il, ggml_backend_dev_name(device_kv), ggml_backend_dev_name(device_fa));
+                // FIXME: fa_device_mismatch logic is wrong for --no-kv-offload, but this is broken anyways
+                fa_device_mismatch = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (fa_device_mismatch) {
+            cparams.flash_attn = false;
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: Flash Attention was auto, set to disabled\n", __func__);
+        } else {
+            cparams.flash_attn = true;
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: Flash Attention was auto, set to enabled\n", __func__);
+        }
+
+        cparams.auto_fa = false;
+    }
+
+    if (cparams.auto_fgdn) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: resolving fused Gated Delta Net support:\n", __func__);
+
+        if (cparams.fused_gdn_ar) {
+            auto * gf = graph_reserve(1, n_seqs, n_outputs, mctx.get(), true);
             if (!gf) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate compute pp buffers");
+                throw std::runtime_error("failed to reserve graph for fused Gated Delta Net check (autoregressive)");
             }
 
-            n_splits_pp = ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(sched.get());
-            n_nodes_pp  = ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf);
+            const size_t prefix_len = strlen(LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_AR) + 1;
+            bool gdn_device_mismatch = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf); i++) {
+                ggml_tensor * n = ggml_graph_node(gf, i);
+                if (n->op != GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ggml_backend_dev_t device_gdn = ggml_backend_get_device(ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched.get(), n));
+
+                GGML_ASSERT(strncmp(n->name, LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_AR "-", prefix_len) == 0);
+                const int il = std::stoi(n->name + prefix_len);
+                ggml_backend_dev_t device_kv = model.dev_layer(il);
+                if (device_gdn != device_kv) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: layer %d is assigned to device %s but the fused Gated Delta Net tensor "
+                            "is assigned to device %s (usually due to missing support)\n",
+                            __func__, il, ggml_backend_dev_name(device_kv), ggml_backend_dev_name(device_gdn));
+                    gdn_device_mismatch = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (gdn_device_mismatch) {
+                cparams.fused_gdn_ar = false;
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: fused Gated Delta Net (autoregressive) not supported, set to disabled\n", __func__);
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: fused Gated Delta Net (autoregressive) enabled\n", __func__);
+            }
         }
 
-        // reserve with tg graph to get the number of splits and nodes
-        {
-            auto * gf = graph_reserve(1, 1, 1, mstate.get());
+        if (cparams.fused_gdn_ch) {
+            // more than one token in the batch per sequence in order to take the chunked path
+            // note: n_outputs must match n_tokens for embedding models with mean/rank pooling,
+            // because build_pooling creates inp_mean with shape [n_tokens, n_seqs] and multiplies
+            // it with t_embd which is reduced to [n_outputs, ...] via out_ids. if n_outputs != n_tokens,
+            // the ggml_mul_mat assertion fails. this matches the pp reservation below (line ~553).
+            const uint32_t n_tokens_ch = 16*n_seqs;
+            auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens_ch, n_seqs, n_tokens_ch, mctx.get(), true);
             if (!gf) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate compute tg buffers");
+                throw std::runtime_error("failed to reserve graph for fused Gated Delta Net check (chunked)");
+            }
+
+            const size_t prefix_len = strlen(LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_CH) + 1;
+            bool gdn_device_mismatch = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf); i++) {
+                ggml_tensor * n = ggml_graph_node(gf, i);
+                if (n->op != GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ggml_backend_dev_t device_gdn = ggml_backend_get_device(ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched.get(), n));
+
+                GGML_ASSERT(strncmp(n->name, LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_CH "-", prefix_len) == 0);
+                const int il = std::stoi(n->name + prefix_len);
+                ggml_backend_dev_t device_kv = model.dev_layer(il);
+                if (device_gdn != device_kv) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: layer %d is assigned to device %s but the fused Gated Delta Net tensor "
+                            "is assigned to device %s (usually due to missing support)\n",
+                            __func__, il, ggml_backend_dev_name(device_kv), ggml_backend_dev_name(device_gdn));
+                    gdn_device_mismatch = true;
+                    break;
+                }
             }
 
-            n_splits_tg = ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(sched.get());
-            n_nodes_tg  = ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf);
+            if (gdn_device_mismatch) {
+                cparams.fused_gdn_ch = false;
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: fused Gated Delta Net (chunked) not supported, set to disabled\n", __func__);
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: fused Gated Delta Net (chunked) enabled\n", __func__);
+            }
         }
 
-        // reserve again with pp graph to avoid ggml-alloc reallocations during inference
-        {
-            auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, mstate.get());
+        cparams.auto_fgdn = false;
+    }
+
+    // reserve worst-case graph
+    int n_splits_pp = -1;
+    int n_nodes_pp  = -1;
+
+    int n_splits_tg = -1;
+    int n_nodes_tg  = -1;
+
+    // reserve pp (prompt processing) graph first so that buffers are only allocated once
+    {
+        auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, mctx.get(),
+                model.hparams.no_alloc, model.hparams.no_alloc ? backend_buf_exp_size.data() : nullptr);
+        if (!gf) {
+            if (cparams.pipeline_parallel) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: compute buffer allocation failed, retrying without pipeline parallelism\n", __func__);
+                cparams.pipeline_parallel = false;
+                sched.reset(ggml_backend_sched_new(backend_ptrs.data(), backend_buft.data(), backend_ptrs.size(), max_nodes, false, cparams.op_offload));
+                gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, mctx.get());
+            }
             if (!gf) {
                 throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate compute pp buffers");
             }
         }
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < backend_ptrs.size(); ++i) {
-            ggml_backend_t             backend = backend_ptrs[i];
-            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft    = backend_buft[i];
-            size_t size = ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(sched.get(), backend);
-            if (size > 1) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %10s compute buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__,
-                        ggml_backend_buft_name(buft),
-                        size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-            }
+        n_splits_pp = ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(sched.get());
+        n_nodes_pp  = ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf);
+    }
+
+    // reserve with tg (token generation) graph to get the number of splits and nodes
+    {
+        auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_seqs, n_seqs, n_seqs, mctx.get(), model.hparams.no_alloc);
+        if (!gf) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate compute tg buffers");
         }
 
-        if (n_nodes_pp == n_nodes_tg) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph nodes  = %d\n", __func__, n_nodes_pp);
-        } else {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph nodes  = %d (with bs=%d), %d (with bs=1)\n", __func__, n_nodes_pp, n_tokens, n_nodes_tg);
+        n_splits_tg = ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(sched.get());
+        n_nodes_tg  = ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf);
+    }
+
+    // reserve again with pp graph to avoid ggml-alloc reallocations during inference
+    {
+        // TODO: not sure if the following graph would be worster case for multi-stream KV caches:
+        //
+        // auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, 1, n_tokens, mctx.get());
+        //
+        auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, mctx.get(), model.hparams.no_alloc);
+        if (!gf) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate compute pp buffers");
         }
+    }
 
-        if (n_splits_pp == n_splits_tg) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph splits = %d\n", __func__, n_splits_pp);
-        } else {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph splits = %d (with bs=%d), %d (with bs=1)\n", __func__, n_splits_pp, n_tokens, n_splits_tg);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < backend_ptrs.size(); ++i) {
+        ggml_backend_t             backend = backend_ptrs[i];
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft    = backend_buft[i];
+        if (!model.hparams.no_alloc) {
+            backend_buf_exp_size[i] = ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(sched.get(), backend);
+        }
+        if (backend_buf_exp_size[i] > 1) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %10s compute buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__,
+                    ggml_backend_buft_name(buft),
+                    backend_buf_exp_size[i] / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
         }
     }
-}
 
-llama_context::~llama_context() {
-    ggml_opt_free(opt_ctx);
+    if (n_nodes_pp == n_nodes_tg) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph nodes  = %d\n", __func__, n_nodes_pp);
+    } else {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph nodes  = %d (with bs=%d), %d (with bs=1)\n", __func__, n_nodes_pp, n_tokens, n_nodes_tg);
+    }
+
+    if (n_splits_pp == n_splits_tg) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph splits = %d\n", __func__, n_splits_pp);
+    } else {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: graph splits = %d (with bs=%d), %d (with bs=1)\n", __func__, n_splits_pp, n_tokens, n_splits_tg);
+    }
+
+    const int64_t t_end_us = ggml_time_us();
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: reserve took %.2f ms, sched copies = %d\n",
+            __func__, (t_end_us - t_start_us)/1000.0, ggml_backend_sched_get_n_copies(sched.get()));
 }
 
 void llama_context::synchronize() {
+    if (!sched) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(sched.get());
 
     // FIXME: if multiple single tokens are evaluated without a synchronization,
@@ -388,16 +681,12 @@ ggml_backend_sched_t llama_context::get_sched() const {
     return sched.get();
 }
 
-ggml_context * llama_context::get_ctx_compute() const {
-    return ctx_compute.get();
-}
-
 uint32_t llama_context::n_ctx() const {
     return cparams.n_ctx;
 }
 
-uint32_t llama_context::n_ctx_per_seq() const {
-    return cparams.n_ctx / cparams.n_seq_max;
+uint32_t llama_context::n_ctx_seq() const {
+    return cparams.n_ctx_seq;
 }
 
 uint32_t llama_context::n_batch() const {
@@ -424,28 +713,14 @@ llama_memory_t llama_context::get_memory() const {
     return memory.get();
 }
 
-// deprecated
-void llama_context::kv_self_defrag_sched() {
-    if (!memory) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    memory_force_optimize = true;
-}
-
-// deprecated
-bool llama_context::kv_self_update(bool optimize) {
+bool llama_context::memory_update(bool optimize) {
     if (!memory) {
         return false;
     }
 
     {
-        // TODO: remove in the future
-        optimize |= memory_force_optimize;
-        memory_force_optimize = false;
-
-        const auto mstate = memory->init_update(this, optimize);
-        switch (mstate->get_status()) {
+        const auto mctx = memory->init_update(this, optimize);
+        switch (mctx->get_status()) {
             case LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS:
                 {
                     // noop
@@ -463,22 +738,27 @@ bool llama_context::kv_self_update(bool optimize) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (!mstate->apply()) {
+        // reset the previous graph result to make sure that it won't be reused
+        // TODO: change the mctx->apply() to return information if a graph reserve is needed
+        //       reset the graph result only if the memory module did reset the scheduler
+        gf_res_prev->reset();
+
+        if (!mctx->apply()) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to apply memory update\n", __func__);
         }
     }
 
     // if the memory module did any computation, we have to reserve a new worst-case graph
     {
-        const auto mstate = memory->init_full();
-        if (!mstate) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("failed to initialize memory state");
+        const auto mctx = memory->init_full();
+        if (!mctx) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to initialize memory context");
         }
 
-        const uint32_t n_seqs   = cparams.n_seq_max;
+        const uint32_t n_seqs = cparams.n_seq_max;
         const uint32_t n_tokens = std::min(cparams.n_ctx, cparams.n_ubatch);
 
-        auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, mstate.get());
+        auto * gf = graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, mctx.get());
         if (!gf) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to reserve graph after the memory update\n", __func__);
         }
@@ -492,37 +772,50 @@ enum llama_pooling_type llama_context::pooling_type() const {
 }
 
 float * llama_context::get_logits() {
-    return logits;
+    output_reorder();
+
+    return logits.data;
 }
 
-float * llama_context::get_logits_ith(int32_t i) {
+int64_t llama_context::output_resolve_row(int32_t i) const {
     int64_t j = -1;
 
-    try {
-        if (logits == nullptr) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("no logits");
+    // support negative indices (last output row)
+    if (i < 0) {
+        j = n_outputs + i;
+        if (j < 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("negative index out of range [0, %d)", n_outputs));
         }
+    } else if ((size_t) i >= output_ids.size()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(format("out of range [0, %zu)", output_ids.size()));
+    } else {
+        // use output_ids to translate the batch token index into a row number
+        // that holds this token's data.
+        j = output_ids[i];
+    }
 
-        if (i < 0) {
-            j = n_outputs + i;
-            if (j < 0) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("negative index out of range [0, %d)", n_outputs));
-            }
-        } else if ((size_t) i >= output_ids.size()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("out of range [0, %zu)", output_ids.size()));
-        } else {
-            j = output_ids[i];
-        }
+    if (j < 0) {
+        // the batch token was not configured to output anything
+        throw std::runtime_error(format("batch.logits[%d] != true", i));
+    }
 
-        if (j < 0) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("batch.logits[%d] != true", i));
-        }
-        if (j >= n_outputs) {
-            // This should not happen
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("corrupt output buffer (j=%" PRId64 ", n_outputs=%d)", j, n_outputs));
+    if (j >= n_outputs) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(format("corrupt output buffer (j=%" PRId64 ", n_outputs=%d)", j, n_outputs));
+    }
+
+    return j;
+}
+
+float * llama_context::get_logits_ith(int32_t i) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    try {
+        if (logits.data == nullptr) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("no logits");
         }
 
-        return logits + j*model.vocab.n_tokens();
+        const int64_t j = output_resolve_row(i);
+        return logits.data + j*model.vocab.n_tokens();
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid logits id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, i, err.what());
 #ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -534,37 +827,26 @@ float * llama_context::get_logits_ith(int32_t i) {
 }
 
 float * llama_context::get_embeddings() {
-    return embd;
+    output_reorder();
+
+    return embd.data;
+}
+
+llama_token * llama_context::get_sampled_tokens()  const{
+    return sampling.sampled.data;
 }
 
 float * llama_context::get_embeddings_ith(int32_t i) {
-    int64_t j = -1;
+    output_reorder();
 
     try {
-        if (embd == nullptr) {
+        if (embd.data == nullptr) {
             throw std::runtime_error("no embeddings");
         }
 
-        if (i < 0) {
-            j = n_outputs + i;
-            if (j < 0) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("negative index out of range [0, %d)", n_outputs));
-            }
-        } else if ((size_t) i >= output_ids.size()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("out of range [0, %zu)", output_ids.size()));
-        } else {
-            j = output_ids[i];
-        }
-
-        if (j < 0) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("batch.logits[%d] != true", i));
-        }
-        if (j >= n_outputs) {
-            // This should not happen
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("corrupt output buffer (j=%" PRId64 ", n_outputs=%d)", j, n_outputs));
-        }
-
-        return embd + j*model.hparams.n_embd;
+        const int64_t j = output_resolve_row(i);
+        const uint32_t n_embd_out = model.hparams.n_embd_out();
+        return embd.data + j*n_embd_out;
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid embeddings id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, i, err.what());
 #ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -584,6 +866,137 @@ float * llama_context::get_embeddings_seq(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
     return it->second.data();
 }
 
+llama_token llama_context::get_sampled_token_ith(int32_t idx) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    if (!sampling.sampled.has_data()) {
+        return LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const int64_t row = output_resolve_row(idx);
+        GGML_ASSERT(row < (int64_t) sampling.sampled.size);
+        return sampling.sampled.data[row];
+    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid backend sampled token id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, idx, err.what());
+        return LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+float * llama_context::get_sampled_probs_ith(int32_t idx) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    if (!sampling.probs.has_data()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const int64_t row = output_resolve_row(idx);
+        if ((size_t) row >= sampling.probs_count.size() || sampling.probs_count[row] == 0) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return sampling.probs.data + row*model.vocab.n_tokens();
+    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid backend sampled probs id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, idx, err.what());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+float * llama_context::get_sampled_logits_ith(int32_t idx) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    if (!sampling.logits.has_data()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const int64_t row = output_resolve_row(idx);
+        if ((size_t) row >= sampling.logits_count.size() || sampling.logits_count[row] == 0) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return sampling.logits.data + row*model.vocab.n_tokens();
+    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid backend sampled logits id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, idx, err.what());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+const llama_token * llama_context::get_sampled_candidates_ith(int32_t idx) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    try {
+        const int64_t row = output_resolve_row(idx);
+        if (sampling.candidates.has_data() &&
+            (size_t) row < sampling.candidates_count.size() &&
+            sampling.candidates_count[row] > 0) {
+            return sampling.candidates.data + row*model.vocab.n_tokens();
+        }
+    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
+        // fallback to full vocab list
+        GGML_UNUSED(err);
+    }
+
+    return sampling.token_ids_full_vocab.data();
+}
+
+size_t llama_context::get_sampled_candidates_count(int32_t idx) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    if (!sampling.candidates.has_data()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const int64_t row = output_resolve_row(idx);
+        if ((size_t) row >= sampling.candidates_count.size()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return sampling.candidates_count[row];
+    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid backend sampled candidates count id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, idx, err.what());
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+size_t llama_context::get_sampled_logits_count(int32_t idx) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    if (!sampling.logits.has_data()) {
+        return model.vocab.n_tokens();
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const int64_t row = output_resolve_row(idx);
+        if ((size_t) row >= sampling.logits_count.size()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return sampling.logits_count[row];
+    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid backend sampled logits count id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, idx, err.what());
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+size_t llama_context::get_sampled_probs_count(int32_t idx) {
+    output_reorder();
+
+    if (!sampling.probs.has_data()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        const int64_t row = output_resolve_row(idx);
+        if ((size_t) row >= sampling.probs_count.size()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return sampling.probs_count[row];
+    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid backend sampled probs count id %d, reason: %s\n", __func__, idx, err.what());
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
 void llama_context::attach_threadpool(
            ggml_threadpool_t threadpool,
            ggml_threadpool_t threadpool_batch) {
@@ -626,48 +1039,125 @@ void llama_context::set_embeddings(bool value) {
     LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: value = %d\n", __func__, value);
 
     cparams.embeddings = value;
+
+    // TODO: not sure yet if we want to reserve here
+    //sched_need_reserve = true;
 }
 
 void llama_context::set_causal_attn(bool value) {
     LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: value = %d\n", __func__, value);
 
+    if (cparams.causal_attn == value) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     cparams.causal_attn = value;
+
+    sched_need_reserve = true;
 }
 
 void llama_context::set_warmup(bool value) {
     LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: value = %d\n", __func__, value);
 
+    if (cparams.warmup == value) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     cparams.warmup = value;
+
+    // warmups are usually with small batches, so no need to reserve
+    //sched_need_reserve = true;
 }
 
-void llama_context::set_adapter_lora(
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter,
-            float scale) {
-    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: adapter = %p, scale = %f\n", __func__, (void *) adapter, scale);
+bool llama_context::set_sampler(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_sampler * sampler) {
+    if (!sampler && sampling.samplers.count(seq_id) == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
 
-    loras[adapter] = scale;
-}
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: seq_id = %d, sampler = %p\n", __func__, (int) seq_id, (void *) sampler);
 
-bool llama_context::rm_adapter_lora(
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
-    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: adapter = %p\n", __func__, (void *) adapter);
+    const bool can_offload =
+        sampler &&
+        sampler->iface->backend_init &&
+        sampler->iface->backend_apply &&
+        llama_sampler_chain_n(sampler) > 0;
+
+    if (sampler && can_offload) {
+        auto * buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(model.dev_output());
+
+        sampler->iface->backend_init(sampler, buft);
+
+        sampling.samplers[seq_id] = sampler;
+
+        sched_need_reserve = true;
 
-    auto pos = loras.find(adapter);
-    if (pos != loras.end()) {
-        loras.erase(pos);
         return true;
     }
 
-    return false;
+    if (sampler && !can_offload) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: sampler '%s' for seq_id = %d, cannot be offloaded to the backend\n", __func__, llama_sampler_name(sampler), seq_id);
+
+        if (sampling.samplers.count(seq_id) > 0) {
+            sched_need_reserve = true;
+        }
+
+        sampling.samplers.erase(seq_id);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    sampling.samplers.erase(seq_id);
+
+    sched_need_reserve = true;
+
+    return true;
 }
 
-void llama_context::clear_adapter_lora() {
-    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: call\n", __func__);
+void llama_context::set_adapters_lora(llama_adapter_lora ** adapters, size_t n_adapters, float * scales) {
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: adapters = %p\n", __func__, (void *) adapters);
+
+    if (adapters_lora_are_same(adapters, n_adapters, scales)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    loras.reset(new llama_adapter_loras());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_adapters; i ++) {
+        if (scales[i] != 0.0f) {
+            loras->insert({adapters[i], scales[i]});
+        }
+    }
 
-    loras.clear();
+    sched_need_reserve = true;
 }
 
-bool llama_context::apply_adapter_cvec(
+bool llama_context::adapters_lora_are_same(llama_adapter_lora ** adapters, size_t n_adapters, float * scales) {
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: adapters = %p\n", __func__, (void *) adapters);
+
+    // Adapters with a zero scale are never added to `loras`, so also ignore them for the comparison.
+    size_t n_non_zero = 0;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_adapters; i ++) {
+        if (scales[i] == 0.0f) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        n_non_zero++;
+
+        auto it = loras->find(adapters[i]);
+
+        if (it == loras->end() || it->second != scales[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (n_non_zero != loras->size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool llama_context::set_adapter_cvec(
             const float * data,
                  size_t   len,
                 int32_t   n_embd,
@@ -675,41 +1165,65 @@ bool llama_context::apply_adapter_cvec(
                 int32_t   il_end) {
     LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: il_start = %d, il_end = %d\n", __func__, il_start, il_end);
 
-    return cvec.apply(model, data, len, n_embd, il_start, il_end);
+    // TODO: should we reserve?
+
+    return cvec->apply(model, data, len, n_embd, il_start, il_end);
 }
 
-llm_graph_result_ptr llama_context::process_ubatch(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, llm_graph_type gtype, llama_memory_state_i * mstate, ggml_status & ret) {
-    if (mstate && !mstate->apply()) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to apply memory state\n", __func__);
+llm_graph_result * llama_context::process_ubatch(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, llm_graph_type gtype, llama_memory_context_i * mctx, ggml_status & ret) {
+    if (mctx && !mctx->apply()) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to apply memory context\n", __func__);
         ret = GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    auto * gf = graph_init();
-    if (!gf) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize graph\n", __func__);
-        ret = GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
-        return nullptr;
-    }
+    auto * res = gf_res_prev.get();
+    auto * gf  = res->get_gf();
 
-    auto res = graph_build(ctx_compute.get(), gf, ubatch, gtype, mstate);
-    if (!res) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to build graph\n", __func__);
-        ret = GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
-        return nullptr;
-    }
+    // the new graph parameters
+    // in order to correctly reuse a graph, it's full topology has to be uniquely determined by these parameters
+    const auto gparams = graph_params(res, ubatch, mctx, gtype);
 
-    // LLAMA_LOG_INFO("graph build time: %.3f ms (%d nodes, %d leafs)\n", (ggml_time_us() - t_start_us)/1000.0, gf->n_nodes, gf->n_leafs);
+    if (!graph_reuse_disable && res->can_reuse(gparams)) {
+        //LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: reusing previous graph\n", __func__);
 
-    if (!ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(sched.get(), gf)) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate graph\n", __func__);
-        ret = GGML_STATUS_ALLOC_FAILED;
-        return nullptr;
+        n_reused++;
+    } else {
+        res->reset();
+
+        ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched.get());
+        ggml_backend_sched_set_eval_callback(sched.get(), cparams.cb_eval, cparams.cb_eval_user_data);
+
+        //const auto t_start_us = ggml_time_us();
+
+        gf = model.build_graph(gparams);
+
+        //LLAMA_LOG_INFO("graph build time: %.3f ms\n", (ggml_time_us() - t_start_us)/1000.0);
+
+        if (!gf) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize graph\n", __func__);
+            ret = GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (!ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(sched.get(), gf)) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate graph\n", __func__);
+            ret = GGML_STATUS_ALLOC_FAILED;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
     }
 
-    res->set_inputs(&ubatch);
+    // set the input data for the input tensors
+    {
+        //const auto t_start_us = ggml_time_us();
+
+        // FIXME this call causes a crash if any model inputs were not used in the graph and were therefore not allocated
+        res->set_inputs(&ubatch);
 
-    const auto status = graph_compute(gf, ubatch.n_tokens > 1);
+        //LLAMA_LOG_INFO("graph set inputs time: %.3f ms\n", (ggml_time_us() - t_start_us)/1000.0);
+    }
+
+    const auto status = graph_compute(res->get_gf(), ubatch.n_tokens > 1);
     if (status != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to compute graph, compute status: %d\n", __func__, status);
         ret = status;
@@ -731,16 +1245,19 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
 
     const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
 
-    const int64_t n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
+    const int64_t n_embd  = hparams.n_embd_inp();
+    const int64_t n_vocab = model.vocab.n_tokens();
 
     // note: during encode, we always pass the full sequence starting from pos = 0
-    if (!balloc->init(batch_inp, model.vocab, nullptr, n_embd, true)) {
+    if (!balloc->init(batch_inp, model.vocab, nullptr, n_embd, cparams.kv_unified ? LLAMA_MAX_SEQ : cparams.n_seq_max, true)) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize batch\n", __func__);
         return -1;
     }
 
     const uint32_t n_tokens = balloc->get_n_tokens();
 
+    // [TAG_NO_CACHE_PAD]
+    // TODO: add new split mode where we pad the input sequences so that ubatch.equal_seqs == true
     const llama_ubatch ubatch = balloc->split_simple(n_tokens);
 
     // micro-batching is not possible for non-causal encoding, so we process the batch in a single shot
@@ -753,6 +1270,8 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
     // TODO: this clear of the buffer can easily be forgotten - need something better
     embd_seq.clear();
 
+    sched_reserve();
+
     n_queued_tokens += n_tokens;
 
     // reserve output buffer
@@ -767,9 +1286,6 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
 
     n_outputs = n_tokens;
 
-    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched.get());
-    ggml_backend_sched_set_eval_callback(sched.get(), cparams.cb_eval, cparams.cb_eval_user_data);
-
     const auto causal_attn_org = cparams.causal_attn;
 
     // always use non-causal attention for encoder graphs
@@ -778,7 +1294,7 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
     cparams.causal_attn = false;
 
     ggml_status status;
-    const auto res = process_ubatch(ubatch, LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_ENCODER, nullptr, status);
+    const auto * res = process_ubatch(ubatch, LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_ENCODER, nullptr, status);
 
     cparams.causal_attn = causal_attn_org;
 
@@ -791,10 +1307,20 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
         }
     }
 
+    auto * t_logits = res->get_logits();
     auto * t_embd = res->get_embd_pooled() ? res->get_embd_pooled() : res->get_embd();
 
+    // extract logits
+    if (logits.data && t_logits) {
+        ggml_backend_t backend_res = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched.get(), t_logits);
+        GGML_ASSERT(backend_res != nullptr);
+        GGML_ASSERT(logits.data != nullptr);
+
+        ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend_res, t_logits, logits.data, 0, n_tokens*n_vocab*sizeof(float));
+    }
+
     // extract embeddings
-    if (t_embd) {
+    if (embd.data && t_embd) {
         ggml_backend_t backend_embd = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched.get(), t_embd);
         GGML_ASSERT(backend_embd != nullptr);
 
@@ -802,10 +1328,11 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
             case LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE:
                 {
                     // extract token embeddings
-                    GGML_ASSERT(embd != nullptr);
+                    GGML_ASSERT(embd.data != nullptr);
+                    const uint32_t n_embd_out = hparams.n_embd_out();
 
-                    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens*n_embd <= (int64_t) embd_size);
-                    ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend_embd, t_embd, embd, 0, n_tokens*n_embd*sizeof(float));
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens*n_embd_out <= (int64_t) embd.size);
+                    ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend_embd, t_embd, embd.data, 0, n_tokens*n_embd_out*sizeof(float));
                 } break;
             case LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_MEAN:
             case LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_CLS:
@@ -844,10 +1371,6 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
         }
     }
 
-    // Reset state for the next token before backend sync, to allow the CPU activities in the reset to
-    // overlap with device computation.
-    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched.get());
-
     // TODO: hacky solution
     if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_T5 && t_embd) {
         //cross.t_embd = t_embd;
@@ -857,7 +1380,7 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
         cross.n_embd = t_embd->ne[0];
         cross.n_enc  = t_embd->ne[1];
         cross.v_embd.resize(cross.n_embd*cross.n_enc);
-        memcpy(cross.v_embd.data(), embd, ggml_nbytes(t_embd));
+        memcpy(cross.v_embd.data(), embd.data, ggml_nbytes(t_embd));
 
         const auto & batch = balloc->get_batch();
 
@@ -877,6 +1400,128 @@ int llama_context::encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
     return 0;
 }
 
+static std::map<llama_seq_id, uint32_t> build_seq_to_output_row(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, uint32_t row_offset) {
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, uint32_t> seq_to_row;
+    // how many output tokens we have seen so far for this ubatch.
+    uint32_t local = 0;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch.n_tokens; ++i) {
+        // skip tokens that are not output.
+        if (!ubatch.output[i]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch.seq_id[i][0];
+        // row_offset is the number of output tokens before this ubatch.
+        seq_to_row[seq_id] = row_offset + local;
+        ++local;
+    }
+    return seq_to_row;
+}
+
+static void copy_tensor_async_ints(
+    const std::map<llama_seq_id, ggml_tensor*> & tensor_map,
+    const buffer_view<llama_token> & sampled,
+    const std::map<llama_seq_id, uint32_t> & seq_to_row,
+    ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    if (!sampled.has_data()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & [seq_id, tensor] : tensor_map) {
+        auto it = seq_to_row.find(seq_id);
+        if (it == seq_to_row.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t row = it->second;
+        GGML_ASSERT(row < sampled.size);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(tensor) && "sampled tokens tensor must be contiguous for async copy");
+
+        ggml_backend_t backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, tensor);
+        ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend, tensor, sampled.data + row, 0, sizeof(sampled.data[row]));
+    }
+}
+
+static void copy_tensor_async_floats(
+    const std::map<llama_seq_id, ggml_tensor*> & tensor_map,
+    const buffer_view<float> & dst,
+    size_t stride,
+    std::vector<uint32_t> & counts,
+    const std::map<llama_seq_id, uint32_t> & seq_to_row,
+    ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    if (!dst.has_data()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & [seq_id, tensor] : tensor_map) {
+        auto it = seq_to_row.find(seq_id);
+        if (it == seq_to_row.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t row = it->second;
+        GGML_ASSERT(row < counts.size());
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(tensor) && "logits/probs tensor must be contiguous for async copy");
+
+        ggml_backend_t backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, tensor);
+        float * row_ptr = dst.data + (size_t) row * stride;
+        ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend, tensor, row_ptr, 0, ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+
+        // Update the actual number of logits/probabilities that were written for this row.
+        counts[row] = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    }
+}
+
+static void copy_tensor_async_candidates(
+    const std::map<llama_seq_id, ggml_tensor*> & tensor_map,
+    const buffer_view<llama_token> & dst,
+    size_t stride,
+    std::vector<uint32_t> & counts,
+    const std::map<llama_seq_id, uint32_t> & seq_to_row,
+    ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    if (!dst.has_data()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & [seq_id, tensor] : tensor_map) {
+        auto it = seq_to_row.find(seq_id);
+        if (it == seq_to_row.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t row = it->second;
+        GGML_ASSERT(row < counts.size());
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(tensor) && "candidates tensor must be contiguous for async copy");
+
+        ggml_backend_t backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, tensor);
+        llama_token * row_ptr = dst.data + (size_t) row * stride;
+        ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend, tensor, row_ptr, 0, ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+
+        // Update the actual number of candidates that were written.
+        counts[row] = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool needs_raw_logits(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, const std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> & samplers) {
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch.n_tokens; i++) {
+        if (!ubatch.output[i]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the output token has at least one sequence without a backend sampler.
+        for (int32_t j = 0; j < ubatch.n_seq_id[i]; ++j) {
+            llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch.seq_id[i][j];
+            if (samplers.find(seq_id) == samplers.end()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false; // all sequences use backend sampling
+}
+
 int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
     GGML_ASSERT((!batch_inp.token && batch_inp.embd) || (batch_inp.token && !batch_inp.embd)); // NOLINT
 
@@ -893,13 +1538,40 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
     const auto & vocab   = model.vocab;
     const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
 
-    const int32_t n_vocab = vocab.n_tokens();
-    const int64_t n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+    const int64_t n_vocab = vocab.n_tokens();
+    const int64_t n_embd  = hparams.n_embd_inp();
 
     // when computing embeddings, all tokens are output
-    const bool output_all = cparams.embeddings;
+    const bool output_all   = cparams.embeddings;
+    const bool has_samplers = !sampling.samplers.empty();
 
-    if (!balloc->init(batch_inp, vocab, memory.get(), n_embd, output_all)) {
+    const uint32_t n_seq_max = cparams.kv_unified ? LLAMA_MAX_SEQ : cparams.n_seq_max;
+
+    // TODO: avoid this workaround in the future
+    if (has_samplers && batch_inp.logits) {
+        std::vector<int32_t> seq_output_count(n_seq_max, 0);
+
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < batch_inp.n_tokens; ++i) {
+            if (batch_inp.logits[i] == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const int ns = batch_inp.n_seq_id ? batch_inp.n_seq_id[i] : 1;
+
+            for (int32_t s = 0; s < ns; ++s) {
+                const llama_seq_id seq_id = batch_inp.seq_id ? batch_inp.seq_id[i][s] : 0;
+
+                seq_output_count[seq_id]++;
+                if (seq_output_count[seq_id] > 1) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: backend sampling requires at most one output token per sequence (seq_id %d had %d)\n",
+                            __func__, seq_id, seq_output_count[seq_id]);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!balloc->init(batch_inp, vocab, memory.get(), n_embd, n_seq_max, output_all)) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize batch\n", __func__);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -927,27 +1599,30 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
 
     // TODO: this clear of the buffer can easily be forgotten - need something better
     embd_seq.clear();
+    output_swaps.clear();
+
+    sched_reserve();
 
     bool did_optimize = false;
 
-    // handle any pending defrags/shifts
-    kv_self_update(false);
+    // handle any pending shifts/copies
+    memory_update(false);
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr mstate;
+    llama_memory_context_ptr mctx;
 
     while (true) {
-        mstate = memory->init_batch(*balloc, cparams.n_ubatch, output_all);
-        if (!mstate) {
+        mctx = memory->init_batch(*balloc, cparams.n_ubatch, output_all);
+        if (!mctx) {
             return -2;
         }
 
-        switch (mstate->get_status()) {
+        switch (mctx->get_status()) {
             case LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS:
                 {
                 } break;
             case LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE:
                 {
-                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unexpected memory state status: %d\n", __func__, mstate->get_status());
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unexpected memory context status: %d\n", __func__, mctx->get_status());
 
                     return -2;
                 }
@@ -956,7 +1631,7 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
                     if (!did_optimize) {
                         did_optimize = true;
 
-                        if (kv_self_update(true)) {
+                        if (memory_update(true)) {
                             LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: retrying batch size %d after cache optimization\n", __func__, balloc->get_n_tokens());
 
                             continue;
@@ -987,7 +1662,7 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
     int64_t n_outputs_prev = 0;
 
     do {
-        const auto & ubatch = mstate->get_ubatch();
+        const auto & ubatch = mctx->get_ubatch();
 
         // count the outputs in this ubatch
         {
@@ -1005,20 +1680,16 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
             n_outputs = n_outputs_new;
         }
 
-        ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched.get());
-        ggml_backend_sched_set_eval_callback(sched.get(), cparams.cb_eval, cparams.cb_eval_user_data);
-
         ggml_status status;
-        const auto res = process_ubatch(ubatch, LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DECODER, mstate.get(), status);
+        const auto * res = process_ubatch(ubatch, LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DECODER, mctx.get(), status);
 
         if (!res) {
-            // the last ubatch failed or was aborted -> remove all positions of that ubatch from the KV cache
+            // the last ubatch failed or was aborted -> remove all positions of that ubatch from the memory module
             llama_pos pos_min[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
             for (int s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
                 pos_min[s] = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
             }
 
-            // TODO: fix sequence indexing
             for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch.n_tokens; ++i) {
                 const auto & seq_id = ubatch.seq_id[i][0];
 
@@ -1030,7 +1701,7 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: removing KV cache entries for seq_id = %d, pos = [%d, +inf)\n", __func__, s, pos_min[s]);
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: removing memory module entries for seq_id = %d, pos = [%d, +inf)\n", __func__, s, pos_min[s]);
 
                 memory->seq_rm(s, pos_min[s], -1);
             }
@@ -1056,22 +1727,22 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
         }
 
         // extract logits
-        if (t_logits && n_outputs > 0) {
+        if (logits.data && t_logits && n_outputs > 0 && needs_raw_logits(ubatch, sampling.samplers)) {
             ggml_backend_t backend_res = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched.get(), t_logits);
             GGML_ASSERT(backend_res != nullptr);
-            GGML_ASSERT(logits != nullptr);
+            GGML_ASSERT(logits.data != nullptr);
 
-            float * logits_out = logits + n_outputs_prev*n_vocab;
+            float * logits_out = logits.data + n_outputs_prev*n_vocab;
 
             if (n_outputs) {
                 GGML_ASSERT( n_outputs_prev + n_outputs <= n_outputs_all);
-                GGML_ASSERT((n_outputs_prev + n_outputs)*n_vocab <= (int64_t) logits_size);
+                GGML_ASSERT((n_outputs_prev + n_outputs)*n_vocab <= (int64_t) logits.size);
                 ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend_res, t_logits, logits_out, 0, n_outputs*n_vocab*sizeof(float));
             }
         }
 
         // extract embeddings
-        if (t_embd && n_outputs > 0) {
+        if (embd.data && t_embd && n_outputs > 0) {
             ggml_backend_t backend_embd = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched.get(), t_embd);
             GGML_ASSERT(backend_embd != nullptr);
 
@@ -1079,13 +1750,14 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
                 case LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE:
                     {
                         // extract token embeddings
-                        GGML_ASSERT(embd != nullptr);
-                        float * embd_out = embd + n_outputs_prev*n_embd;
+                        GGML_ASSERT(embd.data != nullptr);
+                        const uint32_t n_embd_out = hparams.n_embd_out();
+                        float * embd_out = embd.data + n_outputs_prev*n_embd_out;
 
                         if (n_outputs) {
                             GGML_ASSERT( n_outputs_prev + n_outputs <= n_outputs_all);
-                            GGML_ASSERT((n_outputs_prev + n_outputs)*n_embd <= (int64_t) embd_size);
-                            ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend_embd, t_embd, embd_out, 0, n_outputs*n_embd*sizeof(float));
+                            GGML_ASSERT((n_outputs_prev + n_outputs)*n_embd_out <= (int64_t) embd.size);
+                            ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(backend_embd, t_embd, embd_out, 0, n_outputs*n_embd_out*sizeof(float));
                         }
                     } break;
                 case LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_MEAN:
@@ -1125,8 +1797,21 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
             }
         }
 
+        // Copy backend sampling output if this ubatch produced any sampling tensors.
+        if (has_samplers && (!res->t_sampled.empty() || !res->t_sampled_probs.empty() || !res->t_sampled_logits.empty())) {
+            const auto seq_to_output_row = build_seq_to_output_row(ubatch, n_outputs_prev);
+            const auto stride = n_vocab;
+
+            // async copy the sampling data from the backend to the host
+            copy_tensor_async_ints(res->t_sampled, sampling.sampled, seq_to_output_row, sched.get());
+
+            copy_tensor_async_floats    (res->t_sampled_logits, sampling.logits,     stride, sampling.logits_count,     seq_to_output_row, sched.get());
+            copy_tensor_async_floats    (res->t_sampled_probs,  sampling.probs,      stride, sampling.probs_count,      seq_to_output_row, sched.get());
+            copy_tensor_async_candidates(res->t_candidates,     sampling.candidates, stride, sampling.candidates_count, seq_to_output_row, sched.get());
+        }
+
         n_outputs_prev += n_outputs;
-    } while (mstate->next());
+    } while (mctx->next());
 
     // set to total number of outputs in the batch, for use in llama_get_logits_ith
     n_outputs = n_outputs_all;
@@ -1149,10 +1834,7 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
 
         // make the outputs have the same order they had in the user-provided batch
         // note: this is mostly relevant for recurrent models atm
-        if (!sorted_output) {
-            const uint32_t n_vocab = model.vocab.n_tokens();
-            const uint64_t n_embd  = model.hparams.n_embd;
-
+        if (!sorted_output && n_outputs > 1) {
             GGML_ASSERT((size_t) n_outputs == out_ids.size());
 
             // TODO: is there something more efficient which also minimizes swaps?
@@ -1168,16 +1850,9 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 std::swap(out_ids[i], out_ids[j_min]);
-                if (logits_size > 0) {
-                    for (uint32_t k = 0; k < n_vocab; k++) {
-                        std::swap(logits[i*n_vocab + k], logits[j_min*n_vocab + k]);
-                    }
-                }
-                if (embd_size > 0) {
-                    for (uint32_t k = 0; k < n_embd; k++) {
-                        std::swap(embd[i*n_embd + k], embd[j_min*n_embd + k]);
-                    }
-                }
+
+                // remember the swaps and apply them lazily upon logits/embeddings access
+                output_swaps.push_back({ i, j_min });
             }
 
             std::fill(output_ids.begin(), output_ids.end(), -1);
@@ -1191,10 +1866,6 @@ int llama_context::decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp) {
     // wait for the computation to finish (automatically done when obtaining the model output)
     //synchronize();
 
-    // Reset state for the next token before backend sync, to allow the CPU activities in the reset to
-    // overlap with device computation.
-    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched.get());
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1208,9 +1879,9 @@ uint32_t llama_context::output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs) {
 
     const int64_t n_outputs_max = std::max<int64_t>(n_outputs, n_seq_max());
 
-    const auto n_batch = cparams.n_batch;
-    const auto n_vocab = vocab.n_tokens();
-    const auto n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+    const auto n_batch    = cparams.n_batch;
+    const auto n_vocab    = vocab.n_tokens();
+    const auto n_embd_out = hparams.n_embd_out();
 
     bool has_logits = true;
     bool has_embd   = cparams.embeddings;
@@ -1221,8 +1892,19 @@ uint32_t llama_context::output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs) {
         has_embd   = true;
     }
 
-    logits_size = has_logits ? n_vocab*n_outputs_max : 0;
-    embd_size   = has_embd   ?  n_embd*n_outputs_max : 0;
+
+    size_t backend_float_count = 0;
+    size_t backend_token_count = 0;
+
+    logits.size = has_logits ? n_vocab*n_outputs_max : 0;
+    embd.size   = has_embd ? n_embd_out*n_outputs_max : 0;
+
+    // Allocate backend sampling output buffers if there are backend samplers configured.
+    const bool has_sampling = !sampling.samplers.empty();
+    if (has_sampling) {
+        backend_float_count = 2 * n_vocab * n_outputs_max;      // logits + probs
+        backend_token_count = (1 + n_vocab) * n_outputs_max;    // sampled + candidates
+    }
 
     if (output_ids.empty()) {
         // init, never resized afterwards
@@ -1230,7 +1912,9 @@ uint32_t llama_context::output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs) {
     }
 
     const size_t prev_size = buf_output ? ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf_output.get()) : 0;
-    const size_t new_size  = (logits_size + embd_size) * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t new_size  =
+        (logits.size + embd.size + backend_float_count) * sizeof(float) +
+        (                          backend_token_count) * sizeof(llama_token);
 
     // alloc only when more than the current capacity is required
     // TODO: also consider shrinking the buffer
@@ -1238,11 +1922,14 @@ uint32_t llama_context::output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs) {
         if (buf_output) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
             // This doesn't happen often, but may be annoying in some cases (like the HellaSwag benchmark)
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: reallocating output buffer from size %.02f MiB to %.02f MiB\n", __func__, prev_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, new_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: reallocating output buffer from size %.02f MiB to %.02f MiB\n", __func__, prev_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, new_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
 #endif
+            synchronize();
+
+            // TODO: not needed?
             buf_output = nullptr;
-            logits = nullptr;
-            embd = nullptr;
+            logits.data = nullptr;
+            embd.data = nullptr;
         }
 
         auto * buft = ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
@@ -1261,8 +1948,50 @@ uint32_t llama_context::output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs) {
 
     float * output_base = (float *) ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf_output.get());
 
-    logits = has_logits ? output_base               : nullptr;
-    embd   = has_embd   ? output_base + logits_size : nullptr;
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    uint8_t * base = (uint8_t *) output_base;
+
+    logits = has_logits ? buffer_view<float>{output_base, logits.size} : buffer_view<float>{nullptr, 0};
+    offset += logits.size * sizeof(float);
+
+    embd = has_embd ? buffer_view<float>{(float *) (base + offset), embd.size} : buffer_view<float>{nullptr, 0};
+    offset += embd.size * sizeof(float);
+
+    if (has_sampling) {
+        sampling.logits = {(float *) (base + offset), (size_t)(n_vocab*n_outputs_max)};
+        offset += sampling.logits.size * sizeof(float);
+
+        sampling.probs = {(float *) (base + offset), (size_t)(n_vocab*n_outputs_max)};
+        offset += sampling.probs.size * sizeof(float);
+
+        sampling.sampled = {(llama_token *) (base + offset), (size_t)n_outputs_max};
+        offset += sampling.sampled.size * sizeof(llama_token);
+
+        sampling.candidates = {(llama_token *) (base + offset), (size_t)(n_vocab*n_outputs_max)};
+        offset += sampling.candidates.size * sizeof(llama_token);
+
+        // The count vectors keep track of the actual number of logits/probs/candidates
+        // copied from the backend for each output row.
+
+        sampling.logits_count.resize(n_outputs_max);
+        sampling.probs_count.resize(n_outputs_max);
+        sampling.candidates_count.resize(n_outputs_max);
+
+        std::fill(sampling.logits_count.begin(),     sampling.logits_count.end(),     0);
+        std::fill(sampling.probs_count.begin(),      sampling.probs_count.end(),      0);
+        std::fill(sampling.candidates_count.begin(), sampling.candidates_count.end(), 0);
+
+        std::fill_n(sampling.sampled.data, sampling.sampled.size, LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL);
+    } else {
+        sampling.logits     = {nullptr, 0};
+        sampling.probs      = {nullptr, 0};
+        sampling.sampled    = {nullptr, 0};
+        sampling.candidates = {nullptr, 0};
+
+        sampling.logits_count.clear();
+        sampling.probs_count.clear();
+        sampling.candidates_count.clear();
+    }
 
     // set all ids as invalid (negative)
     std::fill(output_ids.begin(), output_ids.end(), -1);
@@ -1272,36 +2001,93 @@ uint32_t llama_context::output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs) {
     return n_outputs_max;
 }
 
+void llama_context::output_reorder() {
+    const uint64_t n_vocab = model.vocab.n_tokens();
+    const uint64_t n_embd  = model.hparams.n_embd;
+
+    for (size_t s = 0; s < output_swaps.size(); ++s) {
+        const uint64_t i0 = output_swaps[s].i0;
+        const uint64_t i1 = output_swaps[s].i1;
+
+        if (logits.size > 0) {
+            for (uint64_t k = 0; k < n_vocab; k++) {
+                std::swap(logits.data[i0*n_vocab + k], logits.data[i1*n_vocab + k]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (embd.size > 0) {
+            for (uint64_t k = 0; k < n_embd; k++) {
+                std::swap(embd.data[i0*n_embd + k], embd.data[i1*n_embd + k]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!sampling.samplers.empty()) {
+            assert(sampling.logits.size > 0);
+            assert(sampling.probs.size > 0);
+            assert(sampling.candidates.size > 0);
+            assert(sampling.sampled.size > 0);
+            assert(sampling.logits_count.size() > 0);
+            assert(sampling.probs_count.size() > 0);
+            assert(sampling.candidates_count.size() > 0);
+
+            for (uint64_t k = 0; k < n_vocab; ++k) {
+                std::swap(sampling.logits.data[i0*n_vocab + k], sampling.logits.data[i1*n_vocab + k]);
+            }
+
+            for (uint64_t k = 0; k < n_vocab; ++k) {
+                std::swap(sampling.probs.data[i0*n_vocab + k], sampling.probs.data[i1*n_vocab + k]);
+            }
+
+            for (uint64_t k = 0; k < n_vocab; ++k) {
+                std::swap(sampling.candidates.data[i0*n_vocab + k], sampling.candidates.data[i1*n_vocab + k]);
+            }
+
+            std::swap(sampling.sampled.data[i0],     sampling.sampled.data[i1]);
+            std::swap(sampling.logits_count[i0],     sampling.logits_count[i1]);
+            std::swap(sampling.probs_count[i0],      sampling.probs_count[i1]);
+            std::swap(sampling.candidates_count[i0], sampling.candidates_count[i1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    output_swaps.clear();
+}
+
 //
 // graph
 //
 
-int32_t llama_context::graph_max_nodes() const {
-    return std::max<int32_t>(65536, 5*model.n_tensors());
+uint32_t llama_context::graph_max_nodes(uint32_t n_tokens) const {
+    if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN35 || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE) {
+        return std::max<uint32_t>(n_tokens * 40, 32u * model.n_tensors());
+    }
+    uint32_t res = std::max<uint32_t>(1024u, 8u*model.n_tensors());
+    for (const auto & lora : model.loras) {
+        res += lora->get_n_nodes();
+    }
+    return res;
 }
 
-ggml_cgraph * llama_context::graph_init() {
-    ggml_init_params params = {
-        /*.mem_size   =*/ buf_compute_meta.size(),
-        /*.mem_buffer =*/ buf_compute_meta.data(),
-        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
-    };
-
-    ctx_compute.reset(ggml_init(params));
-
-    return ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute.get(), graph_max_nodes(), false);
+llm_graph_result * llama_context::get_gf_res_reserve() const {
+    return static_cast<llm_graph_result *>(gf_res_reserve.get());
 }
 
-ggml_cgraph * llama_context::graph_reserve(uint32_t n_tokens, uint32_t n_seqs, uint32_t n_outputs, const llama_memory_state_i * mstate) {
+ggml_cgraph * llama_context::graph_reserve(
+        uint32_t n_tokens, uint32_t n_seqs, uint32_t n_outputs, const llama_memory_context_i * mctx, bool split_only, size_t * sizes) {
     LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: reserving a graph for ubatch with n_tokens = %4u, n_seqs = %2u, n_outputs = %4u\n", __func__, n_tokens, n_seqs, n_outputs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_outputs >= 1);
 
     if (n_tokens % n_seqs != 0) {
         n_tokens = ((n_tokens + (n_seqs - 1)) / n_seqs) * n_seqs; // round to next multiple of n_seqs
-        n_outputs = std::min(n_outputs, n_tokens);
+        n_outputs = std::max(n_outputs, n_tokens);
 
         LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: making n_tokens a multiple of n_seqs - n_tokens = %u, n_seqs = %u, n_outputs = %u\n", __func__, n_tokens, n_seqs, n_outputs);
     }
 
+    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched.get());
+
+    // when the scheduler is reset, we cannot reuse the old graph, so we reset the previous graph result to prevent that
+    gf_res_prev->reset();
+
     // store the n_outputs as it is, and restore it afterwards
     // TODO: not sure if needed, might simplify in the future by removing this
     const auto save_n_outputs = this->n_outputs;
@@ -1311,20 +2097,34 @@ ggml_cgraph * llama_context::graph_reserve(uint32_t n_tokens, uint32_t n_seqs, u
     llama_batch_allocr balloc(model.hparams.n_pos_per_embd());
     llama_ubatch ubatch = balloc.ubatch_reserve(n_tokens/n_seqs, n_seqs);
 
-    auto * gf = graph_init();
-    auto res = graph_build(ctx_compute.get(), gf, ubatch, LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DEFAULT, mstate);
+    // set one output token per sequence in order to activate all backend samplers
+    std::vector<llama_seq_id> seq_ids(n_seqs);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_seqs; ++i) {
+        seq_ids[i] = i;
+        ubatch.n_seq_id[i] = 1;
+        ubatch.seq_id[i] = &seq_ids[i];
+        ubatch.output[i] = true;
+    }
 
-    this->n_outputs = save_n_outputs;
+    auto * res = gf_res_reserve.get();
 
-    if (!res) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to build worst-case graph\n", __func__);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
+    const auto gparams = graph_params(res, ubatch, mctx, LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DEFAULT);
 
-    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched.get());
+    res->reset();
+
+    auto * gf = model.build_graph(gparams);
+
+    this->n_outputs = save_n_outputs;
 
     // initialize scheduler with the specified graph
-    if (!ggml_backend_sched_reserve(sched.get(), gf)) {
+    if (split_only) {
+        if (sizes) {
+            ggml_backend_sched_reserve_size(sched.get(), gf, sizes);
+        } else {
+            ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(sched.get(), gf);
+        }
+    } else if (!ggml_backend_sched_reserve(sched.get(), gf)) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(!sizes);
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate compute buffers\n", __func__);
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -1332,28 +2132,28 @@ ggml_cgraph * llama_context::graph_reserve(uint32_t n_tokens, uint32_t n_seqs, u
     return gf;
 }
 
-llm_graph_result_ptr llama_context::graph_build(
-                    ggml_context * ctx,
-                     ggml_cgraph * gf,
-              const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                  llm_graph_type   gtype,
-      const llama_memory_state_i * mstate) {
-    return model.build_graph(
-            {
-                /*.ctx         =*/ ctx,
-                /*.arch        =*/ model.arch,
-                /*.hparams     =*/ model.hparams,
-                /*.cparams     =*/ cparams,
-                /*.ubatch      =*/ ubatch,
-                /*.sched       =*/ sched.get(),
-                /*.backend_cpu =*/ backend_cpu,
-                /*.cvec        =*/ &cvec,
-                /*.loras       =*/ &loras,
-                /*.mstate      =*/ mstate,
-                /*.cross       =*/ &cross,
-                /*.n_outputs   =*/ n_outputs,
-                /*.cb          =*/ graph_get_cb(),
-            }, gf, gtype);
+llm_graph_params llama_context::graph_params(
+                        llm_graph_result * res,
+                      const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+            const llama_memory_context_i * mctx,
+                          llm_graph_type   gtype) const {
+    return {
+        /*.arch        =*/ model.arch,
+        /*.hparams     =*/ model.hparams,
+        /*.cparams     =*/ cparams,
+        /*.ubatch      =*/ ubatch,
+        /*.gtype       =*/ gtype,
+        /*.sched       =*/ sched.get(),
+        /*.backend_cpu =*/ backend_cpu,
+        /*.cvec        =*/ cvec.get(),
+        /*.loras       =*/ loras.get(),
+        /*.mctx        =*/ mctx,
+        /*.cross       =*/ &cross,
+        /*.samplers    =*/ sampling.samplers,
+        /*.n_outputs   =*/ n_outputs,
+        /*.cb          =*/ graph_get_cb(),
+        /*.res         =*/ res,
+    };
 }
 
 ggml_status llama_context::graph_compute(
@@ -1365,7 +2165,9 @@ ggml_status llama_context::graph_compute(
     if (backend_cpu != nullptr) {
         auto * reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(ggml_backend_get_device(backend_cpu));
         auto * set_threadpool_fn = (decltype(ggml_backend_cpu_set_threadpool) *) ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_backend_cpu_set_threadpool");
-        set_threadpool_fn(backend_cpu, tp);
+        if (set_threadpool_fn) {
+            set_threadpool_fn(backend_cpu, tp);
+        }
     }
 
     // set the number of threads for all the backends
@@ -1391,16 +2193,9 @@ llm_graph_cb llama_context::graph_get_cb() const {
             ggml_set_name(cur, name);
         }
 
-        if (!cparams.offload_kqv) {
-            if (strcmp(name, "kqv_merged_cont") == 0) {
-                // all nodes between the KV store and the attention output are run on the CPU
-                ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(sched.get(), cur, backend_cpu);
-            }
-        }
-
         // norm may be automatically assigned to the backend of the previous layer, increasing data transfer between backends
         // FIXME: fix in ggml_backend_sched
-        const bool full_offload = model.params.n_gpu_layers > (int) model.hparams.n_layer;
+        const bool full_offload = model.n_gpu_layers() > model.hparams.n_layer;
         if (ubatch.n_tokens < 32 || full_offload) {
             if (il != -1 && strcmp(name, "norm") == 0) {
                 const auto & dev_layer = model.dev_layer(il);
@@ -1584,30 +2379,30 @@ size_t llama_context::state_set_data(const uint8_t * src, size_t size) {
     }
 }
 
-size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     llama_io_write_dummy io;
     try {
-        return state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id);
+        return state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id, flags);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error getting state size: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
         return 0;
     }
 }
 
-size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, uint8_t * dst, size_t size) {
+size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, uint8_t * dst, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     llama_io_write_buffer io(dst, size);
     try {
-        return state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id);
+        return state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id, flags);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error saving state: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
         return 0;
     }
 }
 
-size_t llama_context::state_seq_set_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, const uint8_t * src, size_t size) {
+size_t llama_context::state_seq_set_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     llama_io_read_buffer io(src, size);
     try {
-        return state_seq_read_data(io, seq_id);
+        return state_seq_read_data(io, seq_id, flags);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error loading state: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
         return 0;
@@ -1705,7 +2500,7 @@ size_t llama_context::state_seq_load_file(llama_seq_id seq_id, const char * file
     {
         const size_t state_size = file.size() - file.tell();
         llama_io_read_file io(&file);
-        const size_t nread = state_seq_read_data(io, seq_id);
+        const size_t nread = state_seq_read_data(io, seq_id, 0);
         if (!nread) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to restore sequence state\n", __func__);
             return 0;
@@ -1729,7 +2524,7 @@ size_t llama_context::state_seq_save_file(llama_seq_id seq_id, const char * file
 
     // save the context state using stream saving
     llama_io_write_file io(&file);
-    state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id);
+    state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id, 0);
 
     const size_t res = file.tell();
     GGML_ASSERT(res == sizeof(uint32_t) * 3 + sizeof(llama_token) * n_token_count + io.n_bytes());
@@ -1749,62 +2544,8 @@ size_t llama_context::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io) {
         // TODO: add more model-specific info which should prevent loading the session file if not identical
     }
 
-    // write output ids
-    {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - writing output ids\n", __func__);
-
-        const auto n_outputs    = this->n_outputs;
-        const auto & output_ids = this->output_ids;
-
-        std::vector<int32_t> w_output_pos;
-
-        w_output_pos.resize(n_outputs);
-
-        // build a more compact representation of the output ids
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_batch(); ++i) {
-            // map an output id to a position in the batch
-            int64_t pos = output_ids[i];
-            if (pos >= 0) {
-                GGML_ASSERT(pos < n_outputs);
-                w_output_pos[pos] = i;
-            }
-        }
-
-        io.write(&n_outputs, sizeof(n_outputs));
-
-        if (n_outputs) {
-            io.write(w_output_pos.data(), n_outputs * sizeof(int32_t));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // write logits
-    {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - writing logits\n", __func__);
-
-        const uint64_t logits_size = std::min((uint64_t) this->logits_size, (uint64_t) n_outputs * model.vocab.n_tokens());
-
-        io.write(&logits_size, sizeof(logits_size));
-
-        if (logits_size) {
-            io.write(logits, logits_size * sizeof(float));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // write embeddings
-    {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - writing embeddings\n", __func__);
-
-        const uint64_t embd_size = std::min((uint64_t) this->embd_size, (uint64_t) n_outputs * model.hparams.n_embd);
-
-        io.write(&embd_size, sizeof(embd_size));
-
-        if (embd_size) {
-            io.write(embd, embd_size * sizeof(float));
-        }
-    }
-
     if (memory != nullptr) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - writing KV self\n", __func__);
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - writing memory module\n", __func__);
         memory->state_write(io);
     }
 
@@ -1828,69 +2569,8 @@ size_t llama_context::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io) {
         // TODO: add more info which needs to be identical but which is not verified otherwise
     }
 
-    // read output ids
-    {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - reading output ids\n", __func__);
-
-        auto n_outputs = this->n_outputs;
-        io.read_to(&n_outputs, sizeof(n_outputs));
-
-        if (n_outputs > output_reserve(n_outputs)) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("could not reserve outputs");
-        }
-
-        std::vector<int32_t> output_pos;
-
-        if (n_outputs) {
-            output_pos.resize(n_outputs);
-            io.read_to(output_pos.data(), n_outputs * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-            for (int32_t i = 0; i < (int32_t) output_pos.size(); ++i) {
-                int32_t id = output_pos[i];
-                if ((uint32_t) id >= n_batch()) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid output id, %d does not fit in batch size of %u", id, n_batch()));
-                }
-                this->output_ids[id] = i;
-            }
-
-            this->n_outputs = n_outputs;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // read logits
-    {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - reading logits\n", __func__);
-
-        uint64_t logits_size;
-        io.read_to(&logits_size, sizeof(logits_size));
-
-        if (this->logits_size < logits_size) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("logits buffer too small");
-        }
-
-        if (logits_size) {
-            io.read_to(this->logits, logits_size * sizeof(float));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // read embeddings
-    {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - reading embeddings\n", __func__);
-
-        uint64_t embd_size;
-        io.read_to(&embd_size, sizeof(embd_size));
-
-        if (this->embd_size < embd_size) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("embeddings buffer too small");
-        }
-
-        if (embd_size) {
-            io.read_to(this->embd, embd_size * sizeof(float));
-        }
-    }
-
     if (memory) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - reading KV self\n", __func__);
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - reading memory module\n", __func__);
 
         memory->state_read(io);
     }
@@ -1898,21 +2578,21 @@ size_t llama_context::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io) {
     return io.n_bytes();
 }
 
-size_t llama_context::state_seq_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+size_t llama_context::state_seq_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     GGML_UNUSED(seq_id);
 
     if (memory) {
-        memory->state_write(io, seq_id);
+        memory->state_write(io, seq_id, flags);
     }
 
     return io.n_bytes();
 }
 
-size_t llama_context::state_seq_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+size_t llama_context::state_seq_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     GGML_UNUSED(seq_id);
 
     if (memory) {
-        memory->state_read(io, seq_id);
+        memory->state_read(io, seq_id, flags);
     }
 
     return io.n_bytes();
@@ -1931,6 +2611,7 @@ llama_perf_context_data llama_context::perf_get_data() const {
     data.t_eval_ms   = 1e-3 * t_eval_us;
     data.n_p_eval    = std::max(1, n_p_eval);
     data.n_eval      = std::max(1, n_eval);
+    data.n_reused    = std::max(0, n_reused);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -1939,6 +2620,33 @@ void llama_context::perf_reset() {
     t_start_us  = ggml_time_us();
     t_eval_us   = n_eval = 0;
     t_p_eval_us = n_p_eval = 0;
+    n_reused    = 0;
+}
+
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> llama_context::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> ret;
+    for (const auto & [buft, size] : model.memory_breakdown()) {
+        ret[buft].model += size;
+    }
+    if (memory) {
+        for (const auto & [buft, size] : memory->memory_breakdown()) {
+            ret[buft].context += size;
+        }
+    }
+    if (model.hparams.no_alloc) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < backends.size(); ++i) {
+            ggml_backend_t             backend = backends[i].get();
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft    = ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_type(sched.get(), backend);
+            ret[buft].compute += backend_buf_exp_size[i];
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (const auto & backend_ptr : backends) {
+            ggml_backend_t             backend = backend_ptr.get();
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft    = ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_type(sched.get(), backend);
+            ret[buft].compute += ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(sched.get(), backend);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
 
 //
@@ -1973,7 +2681,7 @@ void llama_context::opt_init(struct llama_model * model, struct llama_opt_params
     opt_params.opt_period      = n_batch / n_ubatch;
     opt_params.get_opt_pars    = lopt_params.get_opt_pars;
     opt_params.get_opt_pars_ud = lopt_params.get_opt_pars_ud;
-
+    opt_params.optimizer       = lopt_params.optimizer_type;
     opt_ctx = ggml_opt_init(opt_params);
 
     llama_opt_param_filter param_filter = lopt_params.param_filter;
@@ -1993,6 +2701,7 @@ void llama_context::opt_init(struct llama_model * model, struct llama_opt_params
     llama_set_param(model->cls_b,           param_filter, param_filter_ud);
     llama_set_param(model->cls_out,         param_filter, param_filter_ud);
     llama_set_param(model->cls_out_b,       param_filter, param_filter_ud);
+    llama_set_param(model->cls_norm,        param_filter, param_filter_ud);
 
     for (struct llama_layer & layer : model->layers) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(layer)/sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *); ++i) {
@@ -2029,7 +2738,7 @@ void llama_context::opt_epoch_iter(
             batch.logits  [pos_batch]    = true;
         }
 
-        if (!balloc->init(batch, model.vocab, nullptr, model.hparams.n_embd, true)) {
+        if (!balloc->init(batch, model.vocab, nullptr, model.hparams.n_embd_inp(), cparams.kv_unified ? LLAMA_MAX_SEQ : cparams.n_seq_max, true)) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize batch\n", __func__);
             return;
         }
@@ -2042,8 +2751,8 @@ void llama_context::opt_epoch_iter(
 
         uint32_t n_outputs_all = n_tokens_all;
 
-        auto mstate = memory->init_batch(*balloc, cparams.n_ubatch, true);
-        if (!mstate || mstate->get_status() != LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        auto mctx = memory->init_batch(*balloc, cparams.n_ubatch, true);
+        if (!mctx || mctx->get_status() != LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: could not initialize batch\n", __func__);
             break;
         }
@@ -2056,17 +2765,22 @@ void llama_context::opt_epoch_iter(
 
         uint32_t pos_batch = 0;
         do {
-            const auto & ubatch = mstate->get_ubatch();
+            const auto & ubatch = mctx->get_ubatch();
 
             n_outputs = ubatch.n_tokens;
 
-            if (!mstate->apply()) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to update the memory state\n", __func__);
+            if (!mctx->apply()) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to update the memory context\n", __func__);
                 break;
             }
 
-            auto * gf = graph_init();
-            auto res = graph_build(ctx_compute.get(), gf, ubatch, LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DEFAULT, mstate.get());
+            auto * res = gf_res_prev.get();
+
+            const auto gparams = graph_params(res, ubatch, mctx.get(), LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DEFAULT);
+
+            res->reset();
+
+            auto * gf = model.build_graph(gparams);
 
             struct ggml_context * ctx_compute_opt;
             {
@@ -2079,7 +2793,7 @@ void llama_context::opt_epoch_iter(
                 };
                 ctx_compute_opt = ggml_init(params);
             }
-            ggml_opt_prepare_alloc(opt_ctx, ctx_compute_opt, gf, res->get_tokens(), res->get_logits());
+            ggml_opt_prepare_alloc(opt_ctx, ctx_compute_opt, gf, res->get_inp_tokens(), res->get_logits());
             ggml_opt_alloc(opt_ctx, train);
 
             res->set_inputs(&ubatch);
@@ -2101,7 +2815,7 @@ void llama_context::opt_epoch_iter(
             ggml_free(ctx_compute_opt);
 
             pos_batch += ubatch.n_tokens;
-        } while (mstate->next());
+        } while (mctx->next());
     }
 }
 
@@ -2168,12 +2882,13 @@ llama_context_params llama_context_default_params() {
         /*.rope_scaling_type           =*/ LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
         /*.pooling_type                =*/ LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
         /*.attention_type              =*/ LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
+        /*.flash_attn_type             =*/ LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO,
         /*.rope_freq_base              =*/ 0.0f,
         /*.rope_freq_scale             =*/ 0.0f,
         /*.yarn_ext_factor             =*/ -1.0f,
-        /*.yarn_attn_factor            =*/ 1.0f,
-        /*.yarn_beta_fast              =*/ 32.0f,
-        /*.yarn_beta_slow              =*/ 1.0f,
+        /*.yarn_attn_factor            =*/ -1.0f,
+        /*.yarn_beta_fast              =*/ -1.0f,
+        /*.yarn_beta_slow              =*/ -1.0f,
         /*.yarn_orig_ctx               =*/ 0,
         /*.defrag_thold                =*/ -1.0f,
         /*.cb_eval                     =*/ nullptr,
@@ -2184,10 +2899,12 @@ llama_context_params llama_context_default_params() {
         /*.abort_callback_data         =*/ nullptr,
         /*.embeddings                  =*/ false,
         /*.offload_kqv                 =*/ true,
-        /*.flash_attn                  =*/ false,
         /*.no_perf                     =*/ true,
         /*.op_offload                  =*/ true,
         /*.swa_full                    =*/ true,
+        /*.kv_unified                  =*/ false,
+        /*.sampler                     =*/ nullptr,
+        /*.n_sampler                   =*/ 0,
     };
 
     return result;
@@ -2211,16 +2928,45 @@ llama_context * llama_init_from_model(
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    if (params.flash_attn && model->arch == LLM_ARCH_GROK) {
+    if (params.flash_attn_type != LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED && model->arch == LLM_ARCH_GROK) {
         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: flash_attn is not compatible with Grok - forcing off\n", __func__);
-        params.flash_attn = false;
+        params.flash_attn_type = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED;
+    }
+
+    if (params.flash_attn_type == LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO && ggml_is_quantized(params.type_k)) {
+        const uint32_t blck_size = ggml_blck_size(params.type_k);
+        for (uint32_t il = 0; il < model->hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
+            if (model->hparams.n_embd_head_k(il) % blck_size != 0) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: K cache type %s with block size %u does not divide n_embd_head_k=%u\n",
+                    __func__, ggml_type_name(params.type_k), blck_size, model->hparams.n_embd_head_k(il));
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (params.flash_attn_type == LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO && ggml_is_quantized(params.type_v)) {
+        const uint32_t blck_size = ggml_blck_size(params.type_v);
+        for (uint32_t il = 0; il < model->hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
+            if (model->hparams.n_embd_head_v(il) % blck_size != 0) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: V cache type %s with block size %u does not divide n_embd_head_v=%u\n",
+                    __func__, ggml_type_name(params.type_v), blck_size, model->hparams.n_embd_head_v(il));
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    if (ggml_is_quantized(params.type_v) && !params.flash_attn) {
+    if (ggml_is_quantized(params.type_v) && params.flash_attn_type == LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: V cache quantization requires flash_attn\n", __func__);
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    if (params.pooling_type != LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED &&
+        params.pooling_type != model->hparams.pooling_type) {
+        //user-specified pooling-type is different from the model default
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: model default pooling_type is [%d], but [%d] was specified\n", __func__,
+                       model->hparams.pooling_type, params.pooling_type);
+    }
+
     try {
         auto * ctx = new llama_context(*model, params);
         return ctx;
@@ -2246,6 +2992,10 @@ uint32_t llama_n_ctx(const llama_context * ctx) {
     return ctx->n_ctx();
 }
 
+uint32_t llama_n_ctx_seq(const llama_context * ctx) {
+    return ctx->n_ctx_seq();
+}
+
 uint32_t llama_n_batch(const llama_context * ctx) {
     return ctx->n_batch();
 }
@@ -2262,16 +3012,6 @@ const llama_model * llama_get_model(const llama_context * ctx) {
     return &ctx->get_model();
 }
 
-// deprecated
-llama_kv_cache * llama_get_kv_self(llama_context * ctx) {
-    return dynamic_cast<llama_kv_cache *>(ctx->get_memory());
-}
-
-// deprecated
-void llama_kv_self_update(llama_context * ctx) {
-    ctx->kv_self_update(false);
-}
-
 enum llama_pooling_type llama_pooling_type(const llama_context * ctx) {
     return ctx->pooling_type();
 }
@@ -2328,7 +3068,15 @@ float * llama_get_logits(llama_context * ctx) {
 float * llama_get_logits_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
     ctx->synchronize();
 
-    return ctx->get_logits_ith(i);
+    float * res = nullptr;
+
+    res = ctx->get_sampled_logits_ith(i);
+
+    if (!res) {
+        res = ctx->get_logits_ith(i);
+    }
+
+    return res;
 }
 
 float * llama_get_embeddings(llama_context * ctx) {
@@ -2349,37 +3097,89 @@ float * llama_get_embeddings_seq(llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
     return ctx->get_embeddings_seq(seq_id);
 }
 
-// llama adapter API
+bool llama_set_sampler(llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    return ctx->set_sampler(seq_id, smpl);
+}
 
-int32_t llama_set_adapter_lora(
-            llama_context * ctx,
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter,
-            float scale) {
-    ctx->set_adapter_lora(adapter, scale);
+llama_token llama_get_sampled_token_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    ctx->synchronize();
 
-    return 0;
+    return ctx->get_sampled_token_ith(i);
 }
 
-int32_t llama_rm_adapter_lora(
-            llama_context * ctx,
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
-    bool res = ctx->rm_adapter_lora(adapter);
+float * llama_get_sampled_probs_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    ctx->synchronize();
 
-    return res ? 0 : -1;
+    return ctx->get_sampled_probs_ith(i);
+}
+
+float * llama_get_sampled_logits_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    ctx->synchronize();
+
+    return ctx->get_sampled_logits_ith(i);
+}
+
+llama_token * llama_get_sampled_candidates_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    ctx->synchronize();
+
+    return const_cast<llama_token *>(ctx->get_sampled_candidates_ith(i));
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_get_sampled_candidates_count_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    ctx->synchronize();
+
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(ctx->get_sampled_candidates_count(i));
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_get_sampled_logits_count_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    ctx->synchronize();
+
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(ctx->get_sampled_logits_count(i));
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_get_sampled_probs_count_ith(llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    ctx->synchronize();
+
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(ctx->get_sampled_probs_count(i));
+}
+
+struct ggml_cgraph * llama_graph_reserve(
+        struct llama_context * ctx,
+        uint32_t n_tokens,
+        uint32_t n_seqs,
+        uint32_t n_outputs) {
+    auto * memory = ctx->get_memory();
+    llama_memory_context_ptr mctx;
+    if (memory) {
+        mctx = memory->init_full();
+    }
+    return ctx->graph_reserve(n_tokens, n_seqs, n_outputs, mctx.get());
 }
 
-void llama_clear_adapter_lora(llama_context * ctx) {
-    ctx->clear_adapter_lora();
+// llama adapter API
+
+int32_t llama_set_adapters_lora(
+            llama_context * ctx,
+            llama_adapter_lora ** adapters,
+            size_t n_adapters,
+            float * scales) {
+    if (adapters == nullptr || scales == nullptr) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_adapters == 0 && "invalid llama_set_adapters_lora call");
+    }
+
+    ctx->set_adapters_lora(adapters, n_adapters, scales);
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
-int32_t llama_apply_adapter_cvec(
+int32_t llama_set_adapter_cvec(
         llama_context * ctx,
-                 const float * data,
-                      size_t   len,
-                     int32_t   n_embd,
-                     int32_t   il_start,
-                     int32_t   il_end) {
-    bool res = ctx->apply_adapter_cvec(data, len, n_embd, il_start, il_end);
+          const float * data,
+               size_t   len,
+              int32_t   n_embd,
+              int32_t   il_start,
+              int32_t   il_end) {
+    bool res = ctx->set_adapter_cvec(data, len, n_embd, il_start, il_end);
 
     return res ? 0 : -1;
 }
@@ -2489,168 +3289,6 @@ bool llama_memory_can_shift(llama_memory_t mem) {
     return mem->get_can_shift();
 }
 
-//
-// kv cache
-//
-
-// deprecated
-int32_t llama_kv_self_n_tokens(const llama_context * ctx) {
-    const auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    int32_t res = 0;
-
-    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < ctx->get_cparams().n_seq_max; s++) {
-        const llama_pos p0 = kv->seq_pos_min(s);
-        const llama_pos p1 = kv->seq_pos_max(s);
-
-        if (p0 >= 0) {
-            res += (p1 - p0) + 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-// deprecated
-// note: this is the same as above - will be removed anyway, so it's ok
-int32_t llama_kv_self_used_cells(const llama_context * ctx) {
-    const auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    int32_t res = 0;
-
-    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < ctx->get_cparams().n_seq_max; s++) {
-        const llama_pos p0 = kv->seq_pos_min(s);
-        const llama_pos p1 = kv->seq_pos_max(s);
-
-        if (p0 >= 0) {
-            res += (p1 - p0) + 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-// deprecated
-void llama_kv_self_clear(llama_context * ctx) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    llama_memory_clear(kv, true);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-bool llama_kv_self_seq_rm(
-        llama_context * ctx,
-         llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-            llama_pos   p0,
-            llama_pos   p1) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    return llama_memory_seq_rm(kv, seq_id, p0, p1);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-void llama_kv_self_seq_cp(
-        llama_context * ctx,
-         llama_seq_id   seq_id_src,
-         llama_seq_id   seq_id_dst,
-            llama_pos   p0,
-            llama_pos   p1) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    llama_memory_seq_cp(kv, seq_id_src, seq_id_dst, p0, p1);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-void llama_kv_self_seq_keep(llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    llama_memory_seq_keep(kv, seq_id);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-void llama_kv_self_seq_add(
-        llama_context * ctx,
-         llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-            llama_pos   p0,
-            llama_pos   p1,
-            llama_pos   delta) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    llama_memory_seq_add(kv, seq_id, p0, p1, delta);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-void llama_kv_self_seq_div(
-        llama_context * ctx,
-         llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-            llama_pos   p0,
-            llama_pos   p1,
-                  int   d) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    llama_memory_seq_div(kv, seq_id, p0, p1, d);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-llama_pos llama_kv_self_seq_pos_min(llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return llama_memory_seq_pos_min(kv, seq_id);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-llama_pos llama_kv_self_seq_pos_max(llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return llama_memory_seq_pos_max(kv, seq_id);
-}
-
-// deprecated
-void llama_kv_self_defrag(llama_context * ctx) {
-    // force defrag
-    ctx->kv_self_defrag_sched();
-}
-
-// deprecated
-bool llama_kv_self_can_shift(const llama_context * ctx) {
-    auto * kv = llama_get_memory(ctx);
-    if (!kv) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return llama_memory_can_shift(kv);
-}
-
 // llama state API
 
 // deprecated
@@ -2720,19 +3358,31 @@ bool llama_state_save_file(llama_context * ctx, const char * path_session, const
 }
 
 size_t llama_state_seq_get_size(llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    return ctx->state_seq_get_size(seq_id);
+    return llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx, seq_id, 0);
 }
 
 size_t llama_state_seq_get_data(llama_context * ctx, uint8_t * dst, size_t size, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+    return llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx, dst, size, seq_id, 0);
+}
+
+size_t llama_state_seq_set_data(llama_context * ctx, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+    return llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(ctx, src, size, seq_id, 0);
+}
+
+size_t llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
+    return ctx->state_seq_get_size(seq_id, flags);
+}
+
+size_t llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(llama_context * ctx, uint8_t * dst, size_t size, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     ctx->synchronize();
 
-    return ctx->state_seq_get_data(seq_id, dst, size);
+    return ctx->state_seq_get_data(seq_id, dst, size, flags);
 }
 
-size_t llama_state_seq_set_data(llama_context * ctx, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+size_t llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(llama_context * ctx, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     ctx->synchronize();
 
-    return ctx->state_seq_set_data(seq_id, src, size);
+    return ctx->state_seq_set_data(seq_id, src, size, flags);
 }
 
 size_t llama_state_seq_save_file(llama_context * ctx, const char * filepath, llama_seq_id seq_id, const llama_token * tokens, size_t n_token_count) {
@@ -2808,12 +3458,149 @@ void llama_perf_context_print(const llama_context * ctx) {
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:        eval time = %10.2f ms / %5d runs   (%8.2f ms per token, %8.2f tokens per second)\n",
             __func__, data.t_eval_ms, data.n_eval, data.t_eval_ms / data.n_eval, 1e3 / data.t_eval_ms * data.n_eval);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:       total time = %10.2f ms / %5d tokens\n", __func__, (t_end_ms - data.t_start_ms), (data.n_p_eval + data.n_eval));
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:    graphs reused = %10d\n", __func__, data.n_reused);
 }
 
 void llama_perf_context_reset(llama_context * ctx) {
     ctx->perf_reset();
 }
 
+void llama_memory_breakdown_print(const struct llama_context * ctx) {
+    const std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> & devices = ctx->get_model().devices;
+
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> memory_breakdown = ctx->memory_breakdown();
+
+    std::vector<std::array<std::string, 9>> table_data;
+    table_data.reserve(devices.size());
+    const std::string template_header = "%s: | %s | %s   %s    %s   %s   %s   %s    %s |\n";
+    const std::string template_gpu    = "%s: | %s | %s = %s + (%s = %s + %s + %s) + %s |\n";
+    const std::string template_other  = "%s: | %s | %s   %s    %s = %s + %s + %s    %s |\n";
+
+    table_data.push_back({template_header, "memory breakdown [MiB]", "total", "free", "self", "model", "context", "compute", "unaccounted"});
+
+    constexpr size_t MiB = 1024 * 1024;
+    const std::vector<std::string> desc_prefixes_strip = {"NVIDIA ", "GeForce ", "Tesla ", "AMD ", "Radeon ", "Instinct "};
+
+    // track seen buffer types to avoid double counting:
+    std::set<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> seen_buffer_types;
+
+    // accumulative memory breakdown for each device and for host:
+    std::vector<llama_memory_breakdown_data> mb_dev(devices.size());
+    llama_memory_breakdown_data              mb_host;
+
+    for (const auto & buft_mb : memory_breakdown) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t          buft = buft_mb.first;
+        const llama_memory_breakdown_data & mb   = buft_mb.second;
+        if (ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft)) {
+            mb_host.model   += mb.model;
+            mb_host.context += mb.context;
+            mb_host.compute += mb.compute;
+            seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+            continue;
+        }
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+        if (dev) {
+            int i_dev = -1;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
+                if (devices[i] == dev) {
+                    i_dev = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (i_dev != -1) {
+                mb_dev[i_dev].model   += mb.model;
+                mb_dev[i_dev].context += mb.context;
+                mb_dev[i_dev].compute += mb.compute;
+                seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for each device:
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t          dev = devices[i];
+        llama_memory_breakdown_data mb  = mb_dev[i];
+
+        const std::string name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev);
+        std::string desc = ggml_backend_dev_description(dev);
+        for (const std::string & prefix : desc_prefixes_strip) {
+            if (desc.length() >= prefix.length() && desc.substr(0, prefix.length()) == prefix) {
+                desc = desc.substr(prefix.length());
+            }
+        }
+
+        size_t free, total;
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
+
+        const size_t self = mb.model + mb.context + mb.compute;
+        const size_t unaccounted = total - self - free;
+
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_gpu,
+            "  - " + name + " (" + desc + ")",
+            std::to_string(total / MiB),
+            std::to_string(free / MiB),
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.compute / MiB),
+            std::to_string(unaccounted / MiB)});
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for host:
+    {
+        const size_t self = mb_host.model + mb_host.context + mb_host.compute;
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_other,
+            "  - Host",
+            "", // total
+            "", // free
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.compute / MiB),
+            ""}); // unaccounted
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for all remaining buffer types:
+    for (const auto & buft_mb : memory_breakdown) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t          buft = buft_mb.first;
+        const llama_memory_breakdown_data & mb   = buft_mb.second;
+        if (seen_buffer_types.count(buft) == 1) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const std::string name = ggml_backend_buft_name(buft);
+        const size_t self = mb.model + mb.context + mb.compute;
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_other,
+            "  - " + name,
+            "", // total
+            "", // free
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.compute / MiB),
+            ""}); // unaccounted
+        seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t j = 1; j < table_data[0].size(); j++) {
+        size_t max_len = 0;
+        for (const auto & td : table_data) {
+            max_len = std::max(max_len, td[j].length());
+        }
+        for (auto & td : table_data) {
+            td[j].insert(j == 1 ? td[j].length() : 0, max_len - td[j].length(), ' ');
+        }
+    }
+    for (const auto & td : table_data) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO(td[0].c_str(),
+            __func__, td[1].c_str(), td[2].c_str(), td[3].c_str(), td[4].c_str(), td[5].c_str(),
+            td[6].c_str(), td[7].c_str(), td[8].c_str());
+    }
+}
+
 //
 // training
 //
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.h
index 7d300c14572..e0d0085c1c3 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-context.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "llama-cparams.h"
 #include "llama-graph.h"
 #include "llama-adapter.h"
+#include "llama-impl.h"
 
 #include "ggml-cpp.h"
 #include "ggml-opt.h"
@@ -17,8 +18,20 @@ class llama_batch_allocr;
 class llama_io_read_i;
 class llama_io_write_i;
 
+// "memory" as in abstract memory for the context
 struct llama_memory_i;
-struct llama_memory_state_i;
+struct llama_memory_context_i;
+
+// "memory" as in physical memory for a buffer type, in bytes
+struct llama_memory_breakdown_data {
+    size_t model   = 0; // memory allocated for the model
+    size_t context = 0; // memory allocated for the context
+    size_t compute = 0; // memory allocated for temporary compute buffers
+
+    size_t total() const {
+        return model + context + compute;
+    }
+};
 
 struct llama_context {
     // init scheduler and compute buffers, reserve worst-case graphs
@@ -28,6 +41,14 @@ struct llama_context {
 
     ~llama_context();
 
+    // reserve a new backend scheduler (if needed)
+    // for example, when:
+    //   - changing loras
+    //   - changing samplers
+    //   - changing attention type
+    //   - etc.
+    void sched_reserve();
+
     void synchronize();
 
     const llama_model   & get_model()   const;
@@ -35,23 +56,19 @@ struct llama_context {
 
     ggml_backend_sched_t get_sched() const;
 
-    ggml_context * get_ctx_compute() const;
-
-    uint32_t n_ctx()         const;
-    uint32_t n_ctx_per_seq() const;
-    uint32_t n_batch()       const;
-    uint32_t n_ubatch()      const;
-    uint32_t n_seq_max()     const;
+    uint32_t n_ctx()     const;
+    uint32_t n_ctx_seq() const;
+    uint32_t n_batch()   const;
+    uint32_t n_ubatch()  const;
+    uint32_t n_seq_max() const;
 
     uint32_t n_threads()       const;
     uint32_t n_threads_batch() const;
 
     llama_memory_t get_memory() const;
 
-    // return true of the KV cache was updated
-    // TODO: remove
-    bool kv_self_update(bool optimize);
-    void kv_self_defrag_sched();
+    // return true if the memory was updated
+    bool memory_update(bool optimize);
 
     enum llama_pooling_type pooling_type() const;
 
@@ -62,6 +79,18 @@ struct llama_context {
     float * get_embeddings_ith(int32_t i);
     float * get_embeddings_seq(llama_seq_id seq_id);
 
+    llama_token * get_sampled_tokens() const;
+    llama_token   get_sampled_token_ith(int32_t idx);
+
+    float * get_sampled_logits_ith(int32_t idx);
+    size_t  get_sampled_logits_count(int32_t idx);
+
+    float * get_sampled_probs_ith(int32_t idx);
+    size_t  get_sampled_probs_count(int32_t idx);
+
+    const llama_token * get_sampled_candidates_ith(int32_t idx);
+    size_t get_sampled_candidates_count(int32_t idx);
+
     void attach_threadpool(
             ggml_threadpool_t threadpool,
             ggml_threadpool_t threadpool_batch);
@@ -76,16 +105,11 @@ struct llama_context {
     void set_causal_attn(bool value);
     void set_warmup(bool value);
 
-    void set_adapter_lora(
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter,
-            float scale);
+    void set_adapters_lora(llama_adapter_lora ** adapters, size_t n_adapters, float * scales);
 
-    bool rm_adapter_lora(
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter);
+    bool adapters_lora_are_same(llama_adapter_lora ** adapters, size_t n_adapters, float * scales);
 
-    void clear_adapter_lora();
-
-    bool apply_adapter_cvec(
+    bool set_adapter_cvec(
             const float * data,
                  size_t   len,
                 int32_t   n_embd,
@@ -93,14 +117,14 @@ struct llama_context {
                 int32_t   il_end);
 
     // process a single ubatch with a specific graph type
-    // if memory_state is provided, it will be applied first to the context's memory
+    // if memory_context is provided, it will be applied first to the context's memory
     // ret contains the status of the graph computation
     // returns nullptr only if ret != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS
-    llm_graph_result_ptr process_ubatch(
-              const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                  llm_graph_type   gtype,
-            llama_memory_state_i * mstate,
-                     ggml_status & ret);
+    llm_graph_result * process_ubatch(
+                const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                    llm_graph_type   gtype,
+            llama_memory_context_i * mctx,
+                       ggml_status & ret);
 
     int encode(const llama_batch & batch_inp);
     int decode(const llama_batch & batch_inp);
@@ -113,9 +137,9 @@ struct llama_context {
     size_t state_get_data(      uint8_t * dst, size_t size);
     size_t state_set_data(const uint8_t * src, size_t size);
 
-    size_t state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id);
-    size_t state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id,       uint8_t * dst, size_t size);
-    size_t state_seq_set_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, const uint8_t * src, size_t size);
+    size_t state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
+    size_t state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id,       uint8_t * dst, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
+    size_t state_seq_set_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
 
     bool state_load_file(
             const char * filepath,
@@ -148,12 +172,15 @@ struct llama_context {
     llama_perf_context_data perf_get_data() const;
     void perf_reset();
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> memory_breakdown() const;
+
     //
     // training
     //
 
     void opt_init(struct llama_model * model, struct llama_opt_params lopt_params);
 
+    // TODO: more flexible combinations of logical/physical batch size and context size
     void opt_epoch(
             ggml_opt_dataset_t      dataset,
             ggml_opt_result_t       result_train,
@@ -183,29 +210,36 @@ struct llama_context {
     // Returns max number of outputs for which space was reserved.
     uint32_t output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs);
 
+    void output_reorder();
+
+    // map the output row index `i` to batch index
+    int64_t output_resolve_row(int32_t i) const;
+
     //
     // graph
     //
 
 public:
-    int32_t graph_max_nodes() const;
+    uint32_t graph_max_nodes(uint32_t n_tokens) const;
 
-    // zero-out inputs and create the ctx_compute for the compute graph
-    ggml_cgraph * graph_init();
+    // can reuse the llm_graph_result instance of the context (for example to update a memory module)
+    llm_graph_result * get_gf_res_reserve() const;
 
     // returns the result of ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async execution
     ggml_status graph_compute(ggml_cgraph * gf, bool batched);
 
     // reserve a graph with a dummy ubatch of the specified size
-    ggml_cgraph * graph_reserve(uint32_t n_tokens, uint32_t n_seqs, uint32_t n_outputs, const llama_memory_state_i * mstate);
+    ggml_cgraph * graph_reserve(
+        uint32_t n_tokens, uint32_t n_seqs, uint32_t n_outputs, const llama_memory_context_i * mctx, bool split_only = false, size_t * sizes = nullptr);
+
+    bool set_sampler(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_sampler * sampler);
 
 private:
-    llm_graph_result_ptr graph_build(
-                    ggml_context * ctx,
-                     ggml_cgraph * gf,
-              const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                  llm_graph_type   gtype,
-      const llama_memory_state_i * mstate);
+    llm_graph_params graph_params(
+                        llm_graph_result * res,
+                      const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+            const llama_memory_context_i * mctx,
+                          llm_graph_type   gtype) const;
 
     llm_graph_cb graph_get_cb() const;
 
@@ -213,8 +247,8 @@ struct llama_context {
     size_t state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io);
     size_t state_read_data (llama_io_read_i  & io);
 
-    size_t state_seq_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id);
-    size_t state_seq_read_data (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id);
+    size_t state_seq_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
+    size_t state_seq_read_data (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
 
     //
     // members
@@ -222,25 +256,40 @@ struct llama_context {
 
     const llama_model & model;
 
-    llama_cparams       cparams;
-    llama_adapter_cvec  cvec;
-    llama_adapter_loras loras;
+    llama_cparams cparams;
+
+    llama_adapter_cvec_ptr  cvec;
+    llama_adapter_loras_ptr loras;
 
     llama_cross cross; // TODO: tmp for handling cross-attention - need something better probably
 
     std::unique_ptr<llama_memory_i> memory;
 
-    // TODO: temporary, until the llama_kv_self_defrag() API is removed
-    bool memory_force_optimize = false;
-
     // decode output (2-dimensional array: [n_outputs][n_vocab])
-    size_t  logits_size = 0; // capacity (of floats) for logits
-    float * logits      = nullptr;
+    buffer_view<float> logits = {nullptr, 0};
 
     // embeddings output (2-dimensional array: [n_outputs][n_embd])
     // populated only when pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE
-    size_t  embd_size = 0; // capacity (of floats) for embeddings
-    float * embd      = nullptr;
+    buffer_view<float> embd = {nullptr, 0};
+
+    struct sampling_info {
+        // !samplers.empty() to check if any samplers are active
+        std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> samplers;
+
+        buffer_view<float>       logits     = {nullptr, 0};
+        buffer_view<llama_token> sampled    = {nullptr, 0};
+        buffer_view<float>       probs      = {nullptr, 0};
+        buffer_view<llama_token> candidates = {nullptr, 0};
+
+        std::vector<uint32_t> logits_count;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> probs_count;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> candidates_count;
+
+        // optimization
+        std::vector<llama_token> token_ids_full_vocab;
+    };
+
+    sampling_info sampling;
 
     // sequence embeddings output (map of [n_embd] vectors)
     // populated only when pooling_type != LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE
@@ -253,13 +302,20 @@ struct llama_context {
 
     std::vector<int32_t> output_ids; // map batch token positions to ids of the logits and embd buffers
 
+    struct swap_info {
+        uint32_t i0;
+        uint32_t i1;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<swap_info> output_swaps;
+
     ggml_backend_sched_ptr sched;
 
+    bool sched_need_reserve = true;
+
     ggml_backend_t backend_cpu = nullptr;
     std::vector<ggml_backend_ptr> backends;
 
-    ggml_context_ptr ctx_compute;
-
     // training
     ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx = nullptr;
 
@@ -271,18 +327,22 @@ struct llama_context {
 
     std::vector<std::pair<ggml_backend_t, ggml_backend_set_n_threads_t>> set_n_threads_fns;
 
-    // buffer types used for the compute buffer of each backend
+    // pointers and buffer types used for the compute buffer of each backend
     std::vector<ggml_backend_t>             backend_ptrs;
     std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> backend_buft;
+    std::vector<size_t>                     backend_buf_exp_size; // expected buffer sizes
 
-    // memory buffers used to evaluate the model
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buf_compute_meta;
+    llm_graph_result_ptr gf_res_prev;
+    llm_graph_result_ptr gf_res_reserve;
 
     // host buffer for the model output (logits and embeddings)
     ggml_backend_buffer_ptr buf_output;
 
     bool has_evaluated_once = false;
 
+    // env: LLAMA_GRAPH_REUSE_DISABLE
+    bool graph_reuse_disable = false;
+
     // perf
     mutable int64_t t_start_us  = 0;
     mutable int64_t t_load_us   = 0;
@@ -294,4 +354,6 @@ struct llama_context {
 
     mutable int32_t n_p_eval = 0; // number of tokens in eval calls for the prompt (with batch size > 1)
     mutable int32_t n_eval   = 0; // number of eval calls
+
+    mutable int32_t n_reused = 0; // number of times the previous graph was reused
 };
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-cparams.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-cparams.h
index 118615d5bd2..9d359474132 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-cparams.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-cparams.h
@@ -4,15 +4,16 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 
-#define LLAMA_MAX_SEQ 64
+#define LLAMA_MAX_SEQ 256
 
 struct llama_cparams {
     uint32_t n_ctx;           // context size used during inference
+    uint32_t n_ctx_seq;       // context for a single sequence
     uint32_t n_batch;
     uint32_t n_ubatch;
     uint32_t n_seq_max;
-    int      n_threads;       // number of threads to use for generation
-    int      n_threads_batch; // number of threads to use for batch processing
+    int32_t  n_threads;       // number of threads to use for generation
+    int32_t  n_threads_batch; // number of threads to use for batch processing
 
     float rope_freq_base;
     float rope_freq_scale;
@@ -24,15 +25,20 @@ struct llama_cparams {
     float yarn_attn_factor;
     float yarn_beta_fast;
     float yarn_beta_slow;
-    float defrag_thold;
 
     bool embeddings;
     bool causal_attn;
     bool offload_kqv;
     bool flash_attn;
+    bool auto_fa;
+    bool fused_gdn_ar;       // use fused gated delta net (autoregressive)
+    bool fused_gdn_ch;       // use fused gated delta net (chunked)
+    bool auto_fgdn;
     bool no_perf;
     bool warmup;
     bool op_offload;
+    bool kv_unified;
+    bool pipeline_parallel;
 
     enum llama_pooling_type pooling_type;
 
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-ext.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-ext.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..13ced783b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-ext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "llama-context.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "stdint.h"
+
+// Reserve a new compute graph. It is valid until the next call to llama_graph_reserve.
+LLAMA_API struct ggml_cgraph * llama_graph_reserve(
+        struct llama_context * ctx,
+        uint32_t n_tokens,
+        uint32_t n_seqs,
+        uint32_t n_outputs);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.cpp
index bed706bb248..aac0d41f2b4 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.cpp
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 #include "llama-vocab.h"
-#include "llama-sampling.h"
+#include "llama-sampler.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
+#define MAX_REPETITION_THRESHOLD 2000
 //
 // helpers
 //
@@ -179,6 +181,52 @@ static std::pair<uint32_t, const char *> parse_char(const char * src) {
     throw std::runtime_error("unexpected end of input");
 }
 
+static std::pair<uint32_t, const char *> parse_token(const llama_vocab * vocab, const char * src) {
+    const char * pos = src;
+    if (*pos != '<') {
+        throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expecting '<' at ") + pos);
+    }
+    pos++;
+
+    // Parse <[id]>
+    if (*pos == '[') {
+        pos++;
+        const char * int_end = parse_int(pos);
+        uint32_t token_id = std::stoul(std::string(pos, int_end - pos));
+        pos = int_end;
+        if (*pos != ']') {
+            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expecting ']' at ") + pos);
+        }
+        pos++;
+        if (*pos != '>') {
+            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expecting '>' at ") + pos);
+        }
+        pos++;
+        return std::make_pair(token_id, pos);
+    }
+
+    if (vocab == nullptr) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(std::string("no vocab to parse token at ") + src);
+    }
+
+    // Parse <token> and tokenize to obtain the token id
+    while (*pos != 0 && *pos != '>') {
+        pos++;
+    }
+    if (*pos != '>') {
+        throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expecting '>' at ") + pos);
+    }
+    pos++;
+
+    llama_token tokens[2];
+    int32_t n_tokens = vocab->tokenize(src, static_cast<int32_t>(pos - src), tokens, 2, false, true);
+    if (n_tokens != 1) {
+        // must tokenize to exactly 1 token
+        throw std::runtime_error("invalid token '" + std::string(src, pos - src) + "'");
+    }
+    return std::make_pair(tokens[0], pos);
+}
+
 static void print_grammar_char(FILE * file, uint32_t c) {
     if (0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7f) {
         fprintf(file, "%c", static_cast<char>(c));
@@ -210,6 +258,8 @@ static void print_rule_binary(FILE * file, const llama_grammar_rule & rule) {
             case LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR_RNG_UPPER: fprintf(file, "CHAR_RNG_UPPER"); break;
             case LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR_ALT:       fprintf(file, "CHAR_ALT");       break;
             case LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR_ANY:       fprintf(file, "CHAR_ANY");       break;
+            case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN:          fprintf(file, "TOKEN");          break;
+            case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT:      fprintf(file, "TOKEN_NOT");      break;
         }
         switch (elem.type) {
             case LLAMA_GRETYPE_END:
@@ -226,6 +276,17 @@ static void print_rule_binary(FILE * file, const llama_grammar_rule & rule) {
                 print_grammar_char(file, elem.value);
                 fprintf(file, "\") ");
                 break;
+            case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN:
+                fprintf(file, "<[");
+                fprintf(file, "%u", elem.value);
+                fprintf(file, "]> ");
+                break;
+            case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT:
+                fprintf(file, "!");
+                fprintf(file, "<[");
+                fprintf(file, "%u", elem.value);
+                fprintf(file, "]> ");
+                break;
         }
     }
     fprintf(file, "\n");
@@ -282,6 +343,17 @@ static void print_rule(
             case LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR_ANY:
                 fprintf(file, ".");
                 break;
+            case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN:
+                fprintf(file, "<[");
+                fprintf(file, "%u", elem.value);
+                fprintf(file, "]> ");
+                break;
+            case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT:
+                fprintf(file, "!");
+                fprintf(file, "<[");
+                fprintf(file, "%u", elem.value);
+                fprintf(file, "]> ");
+                break;
         }
         if (is_char_element(elem)) {
             switch (rule[i + 1].type) {
@@ -297,6 +369,44 @@ static void print_rule(
     fprintf(file, "\n");
 }
 
+//
+// Regex utilities
+//
+
+size_t llama_grammar_trigger_pattern::find(const std::string & input) const {
+    auto find_start_pos = [](const std::smatch & match) {
+        // get from the first matched capturing group to the end of the string
+        size_t start = std::string::npos;
+        for (auto i = 1u; i < match.size(); i++) {
+            if (match.length(i) > 0) {
+                start = match.position(i);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (start == std::string::npos) {
+            start = match.position(0);
+        }
+        return start;
+    };
+
+    if (!pattern.empty() && pattern.front() == '^' && pattern.back() == '$') {
+        // match against the entire input
+        std::smatch match;
+        if (std::regex_match(input, match, regex)) {
+            return find_start_pos(match);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // search anywhere
+    std::smatch match;
+    if (std::regex_search(input, match, regex)) {
+        return find_start_pos(match);
+    }
+
+    return std::string::npos;
+}
+
+
 //
 // implementation
 //
@@ -345,8 +455,10 @@ const char * llama_grammar_parser::parse_sequence(
     size_t last_sym_start = rule.size();
     const char * pos = src;
 
-    auto handle_repetitions = [&](int min_times, int max_times) {
-
+    // use UINT64_MAX as the empty value because we aligned to the proper uint64_t type so -1 can't be used
+    // (though it's technically the same as -1 now)
+    auto handle_repetitions = [&](uint64_t min_times, uint64_t max_times) {
+        bool no_max = max_times == UINT64_MAX;
         if (last_sym_start == rule.size()) {
             throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expecting preceding item to */+/?/{ at ") + pos);
         }
@@ -373,20 +485,20 @@ const char * llama_grammar_parser::parse_sequence(
             rule.resize(last_sym_start);
         } else {
             // Repeat the previous elements (min_times - 1) times
-            for (int i = 1; i < min_times; i++) {
+            for (uint64_t i = 1; i < min_times; i++) {
                 rule.insert(rule.end(), prev_rule.begin(), prev_rule.end());
             }
         }
 
         uint32_t last_rec_rule_id = 0;
-        auto n_opt = max_times < 0 ? 1 : max_times - min_times;
+        auto n_opt = no_max ? 1 : max_times - min_times;
 
         llama_grammar_rule rec_rule(prev_rule);
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_opt; i++) {
+        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < n_opt; i++) {
             rec_rule.resize(prev_rule.size());
             uint32_t rec_rule_id = generate_symbol_id( rule_name);
-            if (i > 0 || max_times < 0) {
-                rec_rule.push_back({LLAMA_GRETYPE_RULE_REF, max_times < 0 ? rec_rule_id : last_rec_rule_id});
+            if (i > 0 || no_max) {
+                rec_rule.push_back({LLAMA_GRETYPE_RULE_REF, no_max ? rec_rule_id : last_rec_rule_id});
             }
             rec_rule.push_back({LLAMA_GRETYPE_ALT, 0});
             rec_rule.push_back({LLAMA_GRETYPE_END, 0});
@@ -440,6 +552,17 @@ const char * llama_grammar_parser::parse_sequence(
                 }
             }
             pos = parse_space(pos + 1, is_nested);
+        } else if (*pos == '<' || *pos == '!') { // token
+            auto type = LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN;
+            if (*pos == '!') { // token inverse
+                type = LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT;
+                pos++;
+            }
+            auto token_pair = parse_token(vocab, pos);
+            const char * token_end  = token_pair.second;
+            last_sym_start = rule.size();
+            rule.push_back({type, token_pair.first});
+            pos = parse_space(token_end, is_nested);
         } else if (is_word_char(*pos)) { // rule reference
             const char * name_end    = parse_name(pos);
             uint32_t ref_rule_id = get_symbol_id(pos, name_end - pos);
@@ -478,10 +601,10 @@ const char * llama_grammar_parser::parse_sequence(
                 throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expecting an int at ") + pos);
             }
             const char * int_end = parse_int(pos);
-            int min_times = std::stoul(std::string(pos, int_end - pos));
+            uint64_t min_times = std::stoull(std::string(pos, int_end - pos));
             pos = parse_space(int_end, is_nested);
 
-            int max_times = -1;
+            uint64_t max_times = UINT64_MAX; // default: no max limit
 
             if (*pos == '}') {
                 max_times = min_times;
@@ -491,7 +614,7 @@ const char * llama_grammar_parser::parse_sequence(
 
                 if (is_digit_char(*pos)) {
                     const char * int_end = parse_int(pos);
-                    max_times = std::stoul(std::string(pos, int_end - pos));
+                    max_times = std::stoull(std::string(pos, int_end - pos));
                     pos = parse_space(int_end, is_nested);
                 }
 
@@ -502,6 +625,10 @@ const char * llama_grammar_parser::parse_sequence(
             } else {
                 throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expecting ',' at ") + pos);
             }
+            bool has_max = max_times != UINT64_MAX;
+            if (min_times > MAX_REPETITION_THRESHOLD || (has_max && max_times > MAX_REPETITION_THRESHOLD)) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(std::string("number of repetitions exceeds sane defaults, please reduce the number of repetitions"));
+            }
             handle_repetitions(min_times, max_times);
         } else {
             break;
@@ -683,6 +810,21 @@ static bool llama_grammar_match_partial_char(
     return !is_positive_char;
 }
 
+// returns true iff token matches the rule at pos (regular or inverse)
+// asserts that pos is pointing to a token element
+static bool llama_grammar_match_token(
+    const llama_grammar_element * pos,
+    const llama_token             token) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN || pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT);
+    if (pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN) {
+        return pos->value == static_cast<uint32_t>(token);
+    }
+    if (pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT) {
+        return pos->value != static_cast<uint32_t>(token);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 // transforms a grammar pushdown stack into N possible stacks, all ending
 // at a character range (terminal element)
 static void llama_grammar_advance_stack(
@@ -730,6 +872,8 @@ static void llama_grammar_advance_stack(
         case LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR:
         case LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR_NOT:
         case LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR_ANY:
+        case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN:
+        case LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT:
             if (std::find(new_stacks.begin(), new_stacks.end(), stack) == new_stacks.end()) {
                 // only add the stack if it's not a duplicate of one we already have
                 new_stacks.emplace_back(stack);
@@ -823,26 +967,38 @@ llama_grammar_stacks & llama_grammar_get_stacks(struct llama_grammar * grammar)
     return grammar->stacks;
 }
 
+static void llama_grammar_accept_chr(
+        struct llama_grammar       & grammar,
+        const llama_grammar_stack  & stack,
+              uint32_t               chr,
+              llama_grammar_stacks & new_stacks) {
+    if (stack.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const llama_grammar_element * pos = stack.back();
+
+    // ignore if this turns into a token
+    if (pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN || pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto match = llama_grammar_match_char(pos, chr);
+    if (match.first) {
+        llama_grammar_stack new_stack(stack.begin(), stack.end() - 1);
+        if (!llama_grammar_is_end_of_sequence(match.second)) {
+            new_stack.push_back(match.second);
+        }
+        llama_grammar_advance_stack(grammar.rules, new_stack, new_stacks);
+    }
+}
+
 void llama_grammar_accept(struct llama_grammar * grammar, uint32_t chr) {
     llama_grammar_stacks stacks_new;
     stacks_new.reserve(grammar->stacks.size());
 
     for (const auto & stack : grammar->stacks) {
-        if (stack.empty()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        auto match = llama_grammar_match_char(stack.back(), chr);
-        if (match.first) {
-            const llama_grammar_element * pos = match.second;
-
-            // update top of stack to next element, if any
-            llama_grammar_stack new_stack(stack.begin(), stack.end() - 1);
-            if (!llama_grammar_is_end_of_sequence(pos)) {
-                new_stack.push_back(pos);
-            }
-            llama_grammar_advance_stack(grammar->rules, new_stack, stacks_new);
-        }
+        llama_grammar_accept_chr(*grammar, stack, chr, stacks_new);
     }
 
     grammar->stacks = std::move(stacks_new);
@@ -867,6 +1023,22 @@ llama_grammar_candidates llama_grammar_reject_candidates_for_stack(
 
     const llama_grammar_element * stack_pos = stack.back();
 
+    // if the top of the stack is a token rule, then we only need to check the token id
+    if (stack_pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN || stack_pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT) {
+        for (const auto & tok : candidates) {
+            if (*tok.code_points == 0) {
+                // reached the end of a token consumed by char rules, reject iff it ended
+                // in a partial response
+                if (tok.partial_utf8.n_remain != 0) {
+                    rejects.push_back(tok);
+                }
+            } else if (!llama_grammar_match_token(stack_pos, tok.id)) {
+                rejects.push_back(tok);
+            }
+        }
+        return rejects;
+    }
+
     llama_grammar_candidates next_candidates;
     next_candidates.reserve(candidates.size());
 
@@ -879,7 +1051,7 @@ llama_grammar_candidates llama_grammar_reject_candidates_for_stack(
                 rejects.push_back(tok);
             }
         } else if (llama_grammar_match_char(stack_pos, *tok.code_points).first) {
-            next_candidates.push_back({ tok.index, tok.code_points + 1, tok.partial_utf8 });
+            next_candidates.push_back({ tok.index, tok.code_points + 1, tok.partial_utf8, tok.id });
         } else {
             rejects.push_back(tok);
         }
@@ -897,7 +1069,7 @@ llama_grammar_candidates llama_grammar_reject_candidates_for_stack(
 
     auto next_rejects = llama_grammar_reject_candidates(rules, next_stacks, next_candidates);
     for (const auto & tok : next_rejects) {
-        rejects.push_back({ tok.index, tok.code_points - 1, tok.partial_utf8 });
+        rejects.push_back({ tok.index, tok.code_points - 1, tok.partial_utf8, tok.id });
     }
 
     return rejects;
@@ -964,12 +1136,13 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
         vocab,
         std::move(vec_rules),
         std::move(stacks),
-        /* .partial_utf8 = */     {},
-        /* .lazy =*/              false,
-        /* .awaiting_trigger = */ false,
-        /* .trigger_buffer = */   "",
-        /* .trigger_tokens   = */ {},
-        /* .trigger_patterns    = */ {},
+        /* .partial_utf8 = */             {},
+        /* .lazy = */                     false,
+        /* .awaiting_trigger = */         false,
+        /* .trigger_buffer = */           "",
+        /* .trigger_buffer_positions = */ {},
+        /* .trigger_tokens = */           {},
+        /* .trigger_patterns = */         {},
     };
 }
 
@@ -982,18 +1155,18 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
                             size_t num_trigger_patterns,
                const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
                             size_t num_trigger_tokens) {
-    llama_grammar_parser parser;
+    llama_grammar_parser parser(vocab);
 
     // if there is a grammar, parse it
     // rules will be empty (default) if there are parse errors
     if (!parser.parse(grammar_str) || parser.rules.empty()) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to parse grammar\n", __func__);
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("failed to parse grammar\n");
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    // Ensure that there is a "root" node.
-    if (parser.symbol_ids.find("root") == parser.symbol_ids.end()) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: grammar does not contain a 'root' symbol\n", __func__);
+    // Ensure that the grammar contains the start symbol
+    if (parser.symbol_ids.find(grammar_root) == parser.symbol_ids.end()) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("grammar does not contain a '%s' symbol\n", grammar_root);
         return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -1022,7 +1195,7 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
             continue;
         }
         if (llama_grammar_detect_left_recursion(vec_rules, i, &rules_visited, &rules_in_progress, &rules_may_be_empty)) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("unsupported grammar, left recursion detected for nonterminal at index %zu", i);
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("unsupported grammar, left recursion detected for nonterminal at index %zu\n", i);
             return nullptr;
         }
     }
@@ -1069,10 +1242,11 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
         vocab,
         std::move(vec_rules),
         std::move(stacks),
-        /* .partial_utf8 = */     {},
-        /* .lazy = */             lazy,
-        /* .awaiting_trigger = */ lazy,
-        /* .trigger_buffer = */   "",
+        /* .partial_utf8 = */             {},
+        /* .lazy = */                     lazy,
+        /* .awaiting_trigger = */         lazy,
+        /* .trigger_buffer = */           "",
+        /* .trigger_buffer_positions = */ {},
         std::move(vec_trigger_tokens),
         std::move(vec_trigger_patterns),
     };
@@ -1095,6 +1269,7 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_clone_impl(const struct llama_grammar & gra
         grammar.lazy,
         grammar.awaiting_trigger,
         grammar.trigger_buffer,
+        grammar.trigger_buffer_positions,
         grammar.trigger_tokens,
         grammar.trigger_patterns,
     };
@@ -1148,7 +1323,7 @@ void llama_grammar_apply_impl(const struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token_
             cur_p->data[i].logit = -INFINITY;
         } else {
             candidates_decoded.push_back(decode_utf8(piece, grammar.partial_utf8));
-            candidates_grammar.push_back({ i, candidates_decoded.back().first.data(), candidates_decoded.back().second });
+            candidates_grammar.push_back({ i, candidates_decoded.back().first.data(), candidates_decoded.back().second, id });
         }
     }
 
@@ -1167,31 +1342,35 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token
         if (std::find(grammar.trigger_tokens.begin(), grammar.trigger_tokens.end(), token) != grammar.trigger_tokens.end()) {
             grammar.awaiting_trigger = false;
             grammar.trigger_buffer.clear();
-            llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, piece);
+            llama_grammar_accept_token(grammar, token, piece);
             LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar triggered on token %u (`%s`)", token, piece.c_str());
             return;
         } else {
+            auto position = std::make_pair(grammar.trigger_buffer.size(), grammar.trigger_buffer.size() + piece.size());
+            grammar.trigger_buffer_positions.push_back(std::make_pair(token, position));
             grammar.trigger_buffer += piece;
 
-            std::smatch match;
             for (const auto & trigger_pattern : grammar.trigger_patterns) {
-                if (std::regex_match(grammar.trigger_buffer, match, trigger_pattern.regex)) {
+                auto start = trigger_pattern.find(grammar.trigger_buffer);
+                if (start != std::string::npos) {
                     grammar.awaiting_trigger = false;
-                    // get from the first matched capturing group to the end of the string
-                    size_t start = std::string::npos;
-                    for (auto i = 1u; i < match.size(); i++) {
-                        if (match.length(i) > 0) {
-                            start = match.position(i);
-                            break;
+
+                    // replay tokens that overlap with [start, end)
+                    for (const auto & [tok, tok_pos] : grammar.trigger_buffer_positions) {
+                        auto [tok_start, tok_end] = tok_pos;
+                        if (tok_end <= start) {
+                            continue;
                         }
+
+                        size_t piece_start = (tok_start < start) ? start : tok_start; // allow for partial token pieces
+                        size_t piece_len = tok_end - piece_start;
+                        auto tok_piece = grammar.trigger_buffer.substr(piece_start, piece_len);
+                        llama_grammar_accept_token(grammar, tok, tok_piece);
                     }
-                    if (start == std::string::npos) {
-                        start = match.position(0);
-                    }
+
                     auto constrained_str = grammar.trigger_buffer.substr(start);
-                    // std::string constrained_str(match[1].first, grammar.trigger_buffer.end());
                     grammar.trigger_buffer.clear();
-                    llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, constrained_str);
+                    grammar.trigger_buffer_positions.clear();
                     LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar triggered on regex: '%s'\n", constrained_str.c_str());
                     return;
                 }
@@ -1210,7 +1389,7 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 
-    llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, piece);
+    llama_grammar_accept_token(grammar, token, piece);
 }
 
 void llama_grammar_accept_str(struct llama_grammar & grammar, const std::string & piece) {
@@ -1227,3 +1406,59 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_str(struct llama_grammar & grammar, const std::string
         throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected empty grammar stack after accepting piece: " + piece);
     }
 }
+
+void llama_grammar_accept_token(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token, const std::string & piece) {
+    // Note terminating 0 in decoded string
+    const auto   decoded     = decode_utf8(piece, grammar.partial_utf8);
+    const auto & code_points = decoded.first;
+
+    llama_grammar_stacks stacks_new;
+    stacks_new.reserve(grammar.stacks.size());
+
+    for (const auto & stack : grammar.stacks) {
+        if (stack.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const llama_grammar_element * pos = stack.back();
+
+        if (pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN || pos->type == LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT) {
+            if (llama_grammar_match_token(pos, token)) {
+                llama_grammar_stack new_stack(stack.begin(), stack.end() - 1);
+                if (!llama_grammar_is_end_of_sequence(pos + 1)) {
+                    new_stack.push_back(pos + 1);
+                }
+                llama_grammar_advance_stack(grammar.rules, new_stack, stacks_new);
+            }
+        } else {
+            llama_grammar_stacks current_stacks = {stack};
+
+            for (auto it = code_points.begin(), end = code_points.end() - 1; it != end; ++it) {
+                llama_grammar_stacks next_stacks;
+
+                for (const auto & cur_stack : current_stacks) {
+                    llama_grammar_accept_chr(grammar, cur_stack, *it, next_stacks);
+                }
+
+                current_stacks = std::move(next_stacks);
+                if (current_stacks.empty()) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (auto & surviving_stack : current_stacks) {
+                if (std::find(stacks_new.begin(), stacks_new.end(), surviving_stack) == stacks_new.end()) {
+                    stacks_new.emplace_back(surviving_stack);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    grammar.stacks = std::move(stacks_new);
+    grammar.partial_utf8 = decoded.second;
+
+    if (grammar.stacks.empty()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected empty grammar stack after accepting piece: " + piece + " (" + std::to_string(token) + ")");
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.h
index f8c291de999..b5a0e588e90 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-grammar.h
@@ -36,11 +36,17 @@ enum llama_gretype {
 
     // any character (.)
     LLAMA_GRETYPE_CHAR_ANY       = 7,
+
+    // terminal element: token (<[token-id]>)
+    LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN          = 8,
+
+    // inverse token (!<[token-id]>)
+    LLAMA_GRETYPE_TOKEN_NOT      = 9,
 };
 
 typedef struct llama_grammar_element {
     enum llama_gretype type;
-    uint32_t           value; // Unicode code point or rule ID
+    uint32_t           value; // Unicode code point, rule ID, or token ID
 } llama_grammar_element;
 
 struct llama_partial_utf8 {
@@ -52,6 +58,7 @@ struct llama_grammar_candidate {
     size_t               index;
     const uint32_t     * code_points;
     llama_partial_utf8   partial_utf8;
+    llama_token          id;
 };
 
 using llama_grammar_rule  = std::vector<      llama_grammar_element>;
@@ -77,10 +84,13 @@ std::vector<llama_grammar_candidate> llama_grammar_reject_candidates_for_stack(
         const llama_grammar_candidates & candidates);
 
 struct llama_grammar_parser {
+    const llama_vocab * vocab;
     std::map<std::string, uint32_t> symbol_ids;
 
     llama_grammar_rules rules;
 
+    llama_grammar_parser(const struct llama_vocab * vocab = nullptr) : vocab(vocab) {}
+
     llama_grammar_stack c_rules() const;
 
     uint32_t get_symbol_id(const char * src, size_t len);
@@ -109,9 +119,14 @@ struct llama_grammar_parser {
 struct llama_grammar_trigger_pattern {
     std::string pattern;
     std::regex  regex;
+
+    size_t find(const std::string & input) const;
 };
 
 struct llama_grammar {
+    // maintain a list of llama_tokens and their positions in the trigger_buffer
+    using token_pos = std::pair<llama_token, std::pair<size_t, size_t>>;
+
     // note: allow null vocab for testing (not great)
     const llama_vocab * vocab;
 
@@ -127,6 +142,7 @@ struct llama_grammar {
     bool                     lazy             = false;
     bool                     awaiting_trigger = false; // Initialized to true for lazy grammars only
     std::string              trigger_buffer;           // Output buffered by lazy grammar. Will be cleared once trigger is found.
+    std::vector<token_pos>   trigger_buffer_positions; // Tokens buffered by lazy grammar. Used to replay when a trigger is found.
     std::vector<llama_token> trigger_tokens;           // Tokens that trigger a lazy grammar, or tokens to force printing of (even if special).
     std::vector<llama_grammar_trigger_pattern>
                              trigger_patterns;         // Regular expressions that trigger a lazy grammar. Must be a full match of the entire generated
@@ -171,3 +187,8 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_impl(
 void llama_grammar_accept_str(
               struct llama_grammar & grammar,
                  const std::string & piece);
+
+void llama_grammar_accept_token(
+              struct llama_grammar & grammar,
+                       llama_token   token,
+                 const std::string & piece);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.cpp
index 7e162c55522..9a215bb77a0 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.cpp
@@ -4,14 +4,53 @@
 #include "llama-batch.h"
 #include "llama-cparams.h"
 
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified.h"
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cache.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cache-iswa.h"
 #include "llama-memory-hybrid.h"
+#include "llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.h"
 #include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+// dedup helpers
+
+static ggml_tensor * build_kq_mask(
+        ggml_context * ctx,
+        const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx,
+        const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+        const llama_cparams & cparams) {
+    const auto n_kv     = mctx->get_n_kv();
+    const auto n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
+    const auto n_stream = cparams.kv_unified ? 1 : ubatch.n_seqs_unq;
+
+    return ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, n_tokens/n_stream, 1, n_stream);
+}
+
+static bool can_reuse_kq_mask(
+        ggml_tensor * kq_mask,
+        const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx,
+        const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+        const llama_cparams & cparams) {
+    const auto n_kv     = mctx->get_n_kv();
+    const auto n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
+    const auto n_stream = cparams.kv_unified ? 1 : ubatch.n_seqs_unq;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= (kq_mask->ne[0] == n_kv);
+    res &= (kq_mask->ne[1] == n_tokens/n_stream);
+    res &= (kq_mask->ne[2] == 1);
+    res &= (kq_mask->ne[3] == n_stream);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+// impl
 
 void llm_graph_input_embd::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     if (ubatch->token) {
@@ -21,13 +60,23 @@ void llm_graph_input_embd::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     }
 
     if (ubatch->embd) {
-        const int64_t n_embd   = embd->ne[0];
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd == embd->ne[0]);
+
         const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
 
         ggml_backend_tensor_set(embd, ubatch->embd, 0, n_tokens*n_embd*ggml_element_size(embd));
     }
 }
 
+bool llm_graph_input_embd::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= (!params.ubatch.token) || (tokens && tokens->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens);
+    res &= (!params.ubatch.embd)  || (embd   &&   embd->ne[1] == params.ubatch.n_tokens);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 void llm_graph_input_pos::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     if (ubatch->pos && pos) {
         const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
@@ -50,15 +99,26 @@ void llm_graph_input_pos::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     }
 }
 
+bool llm_graph_input_pos::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= pos->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens*n_pos_per_embd;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 void llm_graph_input_attn_temp::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     if (ubatch->pos && attn_scale) {
         const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
 
+        GGML_ASSERT(f_attn_temp_scale != 0.0f);
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_attn_temp_floor_scale != 0);
+
         std::vector<float> attn_scale_data(n_tokens, 0.0f);
         for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
             const float pos = ubatch->pos[i];
             attn_scale_data[i] = std::log(
-                std::floor((pos + 1.0f) / n_attn_temp_floor_scale) + 1.0
+                std::floor((pos + f_attn_temp_offset) / n_attn_temp_floor_scale) + 1.0
             ) * f_attn_temp_scale + 1.0;
         }
 
@@ -71,15 +131,13 @@ void llm_graph_input_pos_bucket::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
         const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
 
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(pos_bucket->buffer));
-        GGML_ASSERT(!ubatch->equal_seqs); // TODO: use ubatch->n_seqs instead of failing
+        GGML_ASSERT(!ubatch->equal_seqs()); // TODO: use ubatch->n_seqs instead of failing
 
         int32_t * data = (int32_t *) pos_bucket->data;
 
-        for (int h = 0; h < 1; ++h) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < n_tokens; ++j) {
-                for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
-                    data[h*(n_tokens*n_tokens) + j*n_tokens + i] = llama_relative_position_bucket(ubatch->pos[i], ubatch->pos[j], hparams.n_rel_attn_bkts, true);
-                }
+        for (int j = 0; j < n_tokens; ++j) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
+                data[j*n_tokens + i] = llama_relative_position_bucket(ubatch->pos[i], ubatch->pos[j], hparams.n_rel_attn_bkts, true);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -87,7 +145,7 @@ void llm_graph_input_pos_bucket::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
 
 void llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     if (pos_bucket) {
-        kv_state->set_input_pos_bucket(pos_bucket, ubatch);
+        mctx->set_input_pos_bucket(pos_bucket, ubatch);
     }
 }
 
@@ -118,8 +176,19 @@ void llm_graph_input_out_ids::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     }
 }
 
+bool llm_graph_input_out_ids::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= n_outputs == params.n_outputs;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 void llm_graph_input_mean::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
-    if (cparams.embeddings && cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_MEAN) {
+    if (cparams.embeddings   &&
+       (cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_MEAN ||
+        cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_RANK )) {
+
         const int64_t n_tokens     = ubatch->n_tokens;
         const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch->n_seq_tokens;
         const int64_t n_seqs_unq   = ubatch->n_seqs_unq;
@@ -163,38 +232,26 @@ void llm_graph_input_mean::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
 
 void llm_graph_input_cls::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     const int64_t n_tokens     = ubatch->n_tokens;
-    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch->n_seq_tokens;
     const int64_t n_seqs_unq   = ubatch->n_seqs_unq;
 
     if (cparams.embeddings && (
-            cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_CLS ||
-            cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_RANK
-        )) {
+        cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_CLS  ||
+        cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_RANK ||
+        cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_LAST
+    )) {
         GGML_ASSERT(cls);
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(cls->buffer));
 
         uint32_t * data = (uint32_t *) cls->data;
         memset(cls->data, 0, n_seqs_unq*ggml_element_size(cls));
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; i += n_seq_tokens) {
-            for (int s = 0; s < ubatch->n_seq_id[i]; ++s) {
-                const llama_seq_id seq_id  = ubatch->seq_id[i][s];
-                const int32_t      seq_idx = ubatch->seq_idx[seq_id];
+        std::vector<int> target_pos(n_seqs_unq, -1);
+        std::vector<int> target_row(n_seqs_unq, -1);
 
-                data[seq_idx] = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (cparams.embeddings && cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_LAST) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(cls);
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(cls->buffer));
-
-        uint32_t * data = (uint32_t *) cls->data;
-        memset(cls->data, 0, n_seqs_unq*ggml_element_size(cls));
-
-        std::vector<int> last_pos(n_seqs_unq, -1);
-        std::vector<int> last_row(n_seqs_unq, -1);
+        const bool last = (
+             cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_LAST ||
+            (cparams.pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_RANK && (arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3 || arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL)) // qwen3 reranking & embedding models use last token
+        );
 
         for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
             const llama_pos pos = ubatch->pos[i];
@@ -203,16 +260,20 @@ void llm_graph_input_cls::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
                 const llama_seq_id seq_id  = ubatch->seq_id[i][s];
                 const int32_t      seq_idx = ubatch->seq_idx[seq_id];
 
-                if (pos >= last_pos[seq_idx]) {
-                    last_pos[seq_idx] = pos;
-                    last_row[seq_idx] = i;
+                if (
+                    (target_pos[seq_idx] == -1) ||
+                    ( last && pos >= target_pos[seq_idx]) ||
+                    (!last && pos <  target_pos[seq_idx])
+                ) {
+                    target_pos[seq_idx] = pos;
+                    target_row[seq_idx] = i;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         for (int s = 0; s < n_seqs_unq; ++s) {
-            if (last_row[s] >= 0) {
-                data[s] = last_row[s];
+            if (target_row[s] >= 0) {
+                data[s] = target_row[s];
             }
         }
     }
@@ -221,7 +282,7 @@ void llm_graph_input_cls::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
 void llm_graph_input_rs::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     GGML_UNUSED(ubatch);
 
-    const int64_t n_rs = mem_state->get_n_rs();
+    const int64_t n_rs = mctx->get_n_rs();
 
     if (s_copy) {
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(s_copy->buffer));
@@ -229,11 +290,29 @@ void llm_graph_input_rs::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
 
         // assuming copy destinations ALWAYS happen ONLY on the cells between head and head+n
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_rs; ++i) {
-            data[i] = mem_state->s_copy(i);
+            data[i] = mctx->s_copy(i);
         }
     }
 }
 
+bool llm_graph_input_rs::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    const auto * mctx = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(params.mctx);
+
+    this->mctx = mctx;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= s_copy->ne[0] == mctx->get_n_rs();
+
+    res &= s_copy_main->ne[0]  == params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+    res &= s_copy_extra->ne[0] == mctx->get_n_rs() - params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    res &= head == mctx->get_head();
+    res &= rs_z == mctx->get_rs_z();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 void llm_graph_input_cross_embd::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     GGML_UNUSED(ubatch);
 
@@ -244,56 +323,178 @@ void llm_graph_input_cross_embd::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     }
 }
 
+static void print_mask(const float * data, int64_t n_tokens, int64_t n_kv, int64_t n_swa, llama_swa_type swa_type) {
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: === Attention mask ===\n", __func__);
+    const char * swa_type_str = "unknown";
+
+    switch (swa_type) {
+        case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE:      swa_type_str = "LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE"; break;
+        case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD:  swa_type_str = "LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD"; break;
+        case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED:   swa_type_str = "LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED"; break;
+        case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_SYMMETRIC: swa_type_str = "LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_SYMMETRIC"; break;
+    };
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: n_swa : %d, n_kv: %d, swq_type: %s\n", __func__, (int)n_swa, (int)n_kv, swa_type_str);
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: '0' = can attend, '∞' = masked\n", __func__);
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: Rows = query tokens, Columns = key/value tokens\n\n", __func__);
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("    ");
+    for (int j = 0; j < std::min((int64_t)20, n_kv); ++j) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%2d", j);
+    }
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("\n");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < std::min((int64_t)20, n_tokens); ++i) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG(" %2d ", i);
+        for (int j = 0; j < std::min((int64_t)20, n_kv); ++j) {
+            float val = data[i * n_kv + j];
+            if (val == -INFINITY) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG(" ∞");
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG(" 0");
+            }
+        }
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("\n");
+    }
+}
+
 void llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     const int64_t n_kv     = ubatch->n_tokens;
     const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(kq_mask);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(kq_mask->buffer));
-
-    float * data = (float *) kq_mask->data;
-
-    for (int h = 0; h < 1; ++h) {
+    const auto fill_mask = [&](float * data, int n_swa, llama_swa_type swa_type) {
         for (int i1 = 0; i1 < n_tokens; ++i1) {
             const llama_seq_id s1 = ubatch->seq_id[i1][0];
+            const llama_pos    p1 = ubatch->pos[i1];
+
+            const uint64_t idst = i1*n_kv;
 
             for (int i0 = 0; i0 < n_tokens; ++i0) {
-                float f = -INFINITY;
-
-                for (int s = 0; s < ubatch->n_seq_id[i0]; ++s) {
-                    const llama_seq_id s0 = ubatch->seq_id[i0][0];
-
-                    // TODO: reimplement this like in llama_kv_cache_unified
-                    if (s0 == s1 && (!cparams.causal_attn || ubatch->pos[i0] <= ubatch->pos[i1])) {
-                        if (hparams.use_alibi) {
-                            f = -std::abs(ubatch->pos[i0] - ubatch->pos[i1]);
-                        } else {
-                            f = 0.0f;
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    }
+                const llama_seq_id s0 = ubatch->seq_id[i0][0];
+                const llama_pos p0    = ubatch->pos[i0];
+
+                // mask different sequences
+                if (s0 != s1) {
+                    continue;
                 }
 
-                data[h*(n_kv*n_tokens) + i1*n_kv + i0] = f;
+                // mask future tokens
+                if (cparams.causal_attn && p0 > p1) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // apply SWA if any
+                if (llama_hparams::is_masked_swa(n_swa, swa_type, p0, p1)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                data[idst + i0] = hparams.use_alibi ? -std::abs(p0 - p1) : 0.0f;
             }
         }
+    };
+
+    {
+        GGML_ASSERT(self_kq_mask);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(self_kq_mask->buffer));
+
+        float * data = (float *) self_kq_mask->data;
+
+        std::fill(data, data + ggml_nelements(self_kq_mask), -INFINITY);
+
+        fill_mask(data, 0, LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE);
+
+        if (debug) {
+            print_mask(data, n_tokens, n_kv, 0, LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE);
+        }
     }
-}
 
-void llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
-    if (self_kq_mask) {
-        kv_state->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+    if (hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(self_kq_mask_swa);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(self_kq_mask_swa->buffer));
+
+        float * data = (float *) self_kq_mask_swa->data;
+
+        std::fill(data, data + ggml_nelements(self_kq_mask_swa), -INFINITY);
+
+        fill_mask(data, hparams.n_swa, hparams.swa_type);
+
+        if (debug) {
+            print_mask(data, n_tokens, n_kv, hparams.n_swa, hparams.swa_type);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
-    if (self_kq_mask) {
-        kv_state->get_base()->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
-    }
+void llm_graph_input_attn_kv::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    mctx->set_input_k_idxs(self_k_idxs, ubatch);
+    mctx->set_input_v_idxs(self_v_idxs, ubatch);
 
-    if (self_kq_mask_swa) {
-        kv_state->get_swa()->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask_swa, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
-    }
+    mctx->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+}
+
+bool llm_graph_input_attn_kv::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    const auto * mctx = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(params.mctx);
+
+    this->mctx = mctx;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= self_k_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+  //res &= self_v_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens; // TODO: need to move this to the unified cache and check there
+
+    res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, mctx, params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void llm_graph_input_attn_k::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    mctx->set_input_k_idxs(self_k_idxs, ubatch);
+
+    mctx->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+}
+
+bool llm_graph_input_attn_k::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    const auto * mctx = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(params.mctx);
+
+    this->mctx = mctx;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= self_k_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+
+    res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, mctx, params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    mctx->get_base()->set_input_k_idxs(self_k_idxs, ubatch);
+    mctx->get_base()->set_input_v_idxs(self_v_idxs, ubatch);
+
+    mctx->get_base()->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+
+    mctx->get_swa()->set_input_k_idxs(self_k_idxs_swa, ubatch);
+    mctx->get_swa()->set_input_v_idxs(self_v_idxs_swa, ubatch);
+
+    mctx->get_swa()->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask_swa, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+}
+
+bool llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    const auto * mctx = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_iswa_context *>(params.mctx);
+
+    this->mctx = mctx;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= self_k_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+  //res &= self_v_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens; // TODO: need to move this to the unified cache and check there
+
+    res &= self_k_idxs_swa->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+  //res &= self_v_idxs_swa->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens; // TODO: need to move this to the unified cache and check there
+
+    res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(self_kq_mask,     mctx->get_base(), params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+    res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(self_kq_mask_swa, mctx->get_swa(),  params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+
+    return res;
 }
 
 void llm_graph_input_attn_cross::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
@@ -303,53 +504,340 @@ void llm_graph_input_attn_cross::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
     const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(cross_kq_mask->buffer));
-    GGML_ASSERT(!ubatch->equal_seqs); // TODO: use ubatch->n_seqs instead of failing
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ubatch->equal_seqs()); // TODO: use ubatch->n_seqs instead of failing
 
     float * data = (float *) cross_kq_mask->data;
 
-    for (int h = 0; h < 1; ++h) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < n_enc; ++j) {
-                float f = -INFINITY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(!cross->seq_ids_enc.empty() && "llama_encode must be called first");
+        for (int j = 0; j < n_enc; ++j) {
+            float f = -INFINITY;
 
-                for (int s = 0; s < ubatch->n_seq_id[i]; ++s) {
-                    const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch->seq_id[i][s];
+            for (int s = 0; s < ubatch->n_seq_id[i]; ++s) {
+                const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch->seq_id[i][s];
 
-                    if (cross->seq_ids_enc[j].find(seq_id) != cross->seq_ids_enc[j].end()) {
-                        f = 0.0f;
-                    }
+                if (cross->seq_ids_enc[j].find(seq_id) != cross->seq_ids_enc[j].end()) {
+                    f = 0.0f;
                 }
-
-                data[h*(n_enc*n_tokens) + i*n_enc + j] = f;
             }
-        }
 
-        for (int i = n_tokens; i < GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD); ++i) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < n_enc; ++j) {
-                data[h*(n_enc*n_tokens) + i*n_enc + j] = -INFINITY;
-            }
+            data[i*n_enc + j] = f;
         }
     }
 }
 
 void llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
-    if (self_kq_mask) {
-        mem_state->get_state_attn()->set_input_kq_mask(self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+    mctx->get_attn()->set_input_k_idxs(inp_attn->self_k_idxs, ubatch);
+    mctx->get_attn()->set_input_v_idxs(inp_attn->self_v_idxs, ubatch);
+
+    mctx->get_attn()->set_input_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+
+    const int64_t n_rs = mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs();
+
+    if (inp_rs->s_copy) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(inp_rs->s_copy->buffer));
+        int32_t * data = (int32_t *) inp_rs->s_copy->data;
+
+        // assuming copy destinations ALWAYS happen ONLY on the cells between head and head+n
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_rs; ++i) {
+            data[i] = mctx->get_recr()->s_copy(i);
+        }
     }
+}
 
-    const int64_t n_rs = mem_state->get_state_recr()->get_n_rs();
+bool llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    const auto * mctx = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_context *>(params.mctx);
 
-    if (s_copy) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(s_copy->buffer));
-        int32_t * data = (int32_t *) s_copy->data;
+    this->mctx = mctx;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= inp_attn->self_k_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+  //res &= inp_attn->self_v_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens; // TODO: need to move this to the unified cache and check there
+
+    res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask, mctx->get_attn(), params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy->ne[0] == mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs();
+
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy_main->ne[0]  == params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy_extra->ne[0] == mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs() - params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    res &= inp_rs->head == mctx->get_recr()->get_head();
+    res &= inp_rs->rs_z == mctx->get_recr()->get_rs_z();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+// TODO: Hybrid input classes are a bit redundant.
+// Instead of creating a hybrid input, the graph can simply create 2 separate inputs.
+// Refactoring is required in the future.
+void llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    mctx->get_attn()->set_input_k_idxs(inp_attn->self_k_idxs, ubatch);
+
+    mctx->get_attn()->set_input_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+
+    const int64_t n_rs = mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs();
+
+    if (inp_rs->s_copy) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(inp_rs->s_copy->buffer));
+        int32_t * data = (int32_t *) inp_rs->s_copy->data;
+
+        // assuming copy destinations ALWAYS happen ONLY on the cells between head and head+n
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_rs; ++i) {
+            data[i] = mctx->get_recr()->s_copy(i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    const auto * mctx = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_context *>(params.mctx);
+
+    this->mctx = mctx;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res &= inp_attn->self_k_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+
+    res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask, mctx->get_attn(), params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy->ne[0] == mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs();
+
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy_main->ne[0]  == params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy_extra->ne[0] == mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs() - params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    res &= inp_rs->head == mctx->get_recr()->get_head();
+    res &= inp_rs->rs_z == mctx->get_recr()->get_rs_z();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    const auto * attn_ctx = mctx->get_attn();
+
+    // base tensors may not be allocated if there are no non-SWA attention layers
+    if (inp_attn->self_k_idxs && inp_attn->self_k_idxs->buffer) {
+        attn_ctx->get_base()->set_input_k_idxs(inp_attn->self_k_idxs, ubatch);
+        attn_ctx->get_base()->set_input_v_idxs(inp_attn->self_v_idxs, ubatch);
+
+        attn_ctx->get_base()->set_input_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+    }
+
+    // swa tensors may not be allocated if there are no SWA attention layers
+    if (inp_attn->self_k_idxs_swa && inp_attn->self_k_idxs_swa->buffer) {
+        attn_ctx->get_swa()->set_input_k_idxs(inp_attn->self_k_idxs_swa, ubatch);
+        attn_ctx->get_swa()->set_input_v_idxs(inp_attn->self_v_idxs_swa, ubatch);
+
+        attn_ctx->get_swa()->set_input_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask_swa, ubatch, cparams.causal_attn);
+    }
+
+    const int64_t n_rs = mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs();
+
+    if (inp_rs->s_copy) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(inp_rs->s_copy->buffer));
+        int32_t * data = (int32_t *) inp_rs->s_copy->data;
 
         // assuming copy destinations ALWAYS happen ONLY on the cells between head and head+n
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_rs; ++i) {
-            data[i] = mem_state->get_state_recr()->s_copy(i);
+            data[i] = mctx->get_recr()->s_copy(i);
         }
     }
 }
 
+bool llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    const auto * mctx = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context *>(params.mctx);
+
+    this->mctx = mctx;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    const auto * attn_ctx = mctx->get_attn();
+
+    // base tensors may not be allocated if there are no non-SWA attention layers
+    if (inp_attn->self_k_idxs && inp_attn->self_k_idxs->buffer) {
+        res &= inp_attn->self_k_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+      //res &= inp_attn->self_v_idxs->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens; // TODO: need to move this to the unified cache and check there
+
+        res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask, attn_ctx->get_base(), params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+    }
+
+    // swa tensors may not be allocated if there are no SWA attention layers
+    if (inp_attn->self_k_idxs_swa && inp_attn->self_k_idxs_swa->buffer) {
+        res &= inp_attn->self_k_idxs_swa->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens;
+      //res &= inp_attn->self_v_idxs_swa->ne[0] == params.ubatch.n_tokens; // TODO: need to move this to the unified cache and check there
+
+        res &= can_reuse_kq_mask(inp_attn->self_kq_mask_swa, attn_ctx->get_swa(), params.ubatch, params.cparams);
+    }
+
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy->ne[0] == mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs();
+
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy_main->ne[0]  == params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+    res &= inp_rs->s_copy_extra->ne[0] == mctx->get_recr()->get_n_rs() - params.ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    res &= inp_rs->head == mctx->get_recr()->get_head();
+    res &= inp_rs->rs_z == mctx->get_recr()->get_rs_z();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void llm_graph_input_sampling::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    // set the inputs only for the active samplers in the current ubatch
+    std::unordered_set<llama_seq_id> active_samplers;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch->n_tokens; i++) {
+        if (ubatch->output[i]) {
+            llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch->seq_id[i][0];
+            active_samplers.insert(seq_id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto seq_id : active_samplers) {
+        if (samplers.find(seq_id) == samplers.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto & sampler = samplers[seq_id];
+
+        if (sampler->iface->backend_set_input) {
+            sampler->iface->backend_set_input(sampler);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool llm_graph_input_sampling::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    if (samplers.size() != params.samplers.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & [seq_id, sampler] : params.samplers) {
+        if (samplers[seq_id] != sampler) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+//
+// llm_graph_result
+//
+
+llm_graph_result::llm_graph_result(int64_t max_nodes) : max_nodes(max_nodes) {
+    reset();
+
+    const char * LLAMA_GRAPH_RESULT_DEBUG = getenv("LLAMA_GRAPH_RESULT_DEBUG");
+    debug = LLAMA_GRAPH_RESULT_DEBUG ? atoi(LLAMA_GRAPH_RESULT_DEBUG) : 0;
+}
+
+int64_t llm_graph_result::get_max_nodes() const {
+    return max_nodes;
+}
+
+void llm_graph_result::reset() {
+    t_inp_tokens  = nullptr;
+    t_inp_embd    = nullptr;
+    t_logits      = nullptr;
+    t_embd        = nullptr;
+    t_embd_pooled = nullptr;
+    t_sampled.clear();
+    t_sampled_probs.clear();
+    t_sampled_logits.clear();
+    t_candidates.clear();
+
+    params = {};
+
+    inputs.clear();
+
+    buf_compute_meta.resize(ggml_tensor_overhead()*max_nodes + ggml_graph_overhead_custom(max_nodes, false));
+
+    ggml_init_params params = {
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ buf_compute_meta.size(),
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/ buf_compute_meta.data(),
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
+    };
+
+    ctx_compute.reset(ggml_init(params));
+
+    gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute.get(), max_nodes, false);
+}
+
+void llm_graph_result::set_inputs(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    for (auto & input : inputs) {
+        input->set_input(ubatch);
+    }
+}
+
+void llm_graph_result::set_outputs() {
+    if (t_logits != nullptr) {
+        ggml_set_output(t_logits);
+    }
+    if (t_embd != nullptr) {
+        ggml_set_output(t_embd);
+    }
+    if (t_embd_pooled != nullptr) {
+        ggml_set_output(t_embd_pooled);
+    }
+    for (auto & [seq_id, t] : t_sampled) {
+        if (t != nullptr) {
+            ggml_set_output(t);
+        }
+    }
+    for (auto & [seq_id, t] : t_sampled_probs) {
+        if (t != nullptr) {
+            ggml_set_output(t);
+        }
+    }
+    for (auto & [seq_id, t] : t_sampled_logits) {
+        if (t != nullptr) {
+            ggml_set_output(t);
+        }
+    }
+    for (auto & [seq_id, t] : t_candidates) {
+        if (t != nullptr) {
+            ggml_set_output(t);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool llm_graph_result::can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    if (!this->params.allow_reuse(params)) {
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: cannot reuse graph due to incompatible graph parameters\n", __func__);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (debug > 1) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: checking compatibility of %d inputs:\n", __func__, (int) inputs.size());
+    }
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    for (auto & input : inputs) {
+        const bool cur = input->can_reuse(params);
+
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: can_reuse = %d\n", "placeholder", cur);
+        }
+
+        res = res && cur;
+    }
+
+    if (debug > 0) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: can reuse graph = %d\n", __func__, res);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+llm_graph_input_i * llm_graph_result::add_input(llm_graph_input_ptr input) {
+    inputs.emplace_back(std::move(input));
+    return inputs.back().get();
+}
+
+void llm_graph_result::set_params(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+    this->params = params;
+}
+
 //
 // llm_graph_context
 //
@@ -361,13 +849,13 @@ llm_graph_context::llm_graph_context(const llm_graph_params & params) :
     ubatch           (params.ubatch),
     n_embd           (hparams.n_embd),
     n_layer          (hparams.n_layer),
-    n_rot            (hparams.n_rot),
+    n_rot            (hparams.n_rot()),
     n_ctx            (cparams.n_ctx),
     n_head           (hparams.n_head()),
     n_head_kv        (hparams.n_head_kv()),
-    n_embd_head_k    (hparams.n_embd_head_k),
+    n_embd_head_k    (hparams.n_embd_head_k()),
     n_embd_k_gqa     (hparams.n_embd_k_gqa()),
-    n_embd_head_v    (hparams.n_embd_head_v),
+    n_embd_head_v    (hparams.n_embd_head_v()),
     n_embd_v_gqa     (hparams.n_embd_v_gqa()),
     n_expert         (hparams.n_expert),
     n_expert_used    (cparams.warmup ? hparams.n_expert : hparams.n_expert_used),
@@ -384,15 +872,18 @@ llm_graph_context::llm_graph_context(const llm_graph_params & params) :
     n_ctx_orig       (cparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn),
     pooling_type     (cparams.pooling_type),
     rope_type        (hparams.rope_type),
-    ctx0             (params.ctx),
     sched            (params.sched),
     backend_cpu      (params.backend_cpu),
     cvec             (params.cvec),
     loras            (params.loras),
-    mstate           (params.mstate),
+    mctx             (params.mctx),
     cross            (params.cross),
+    samplers         (params.samplers),
     cb_func          (params.cb),
-    res              (std::make_unique<llm_graph_result>()) {
+    res              (params.res),
+    ctx0             (res->get_ctx()),
+    gf               (res->get_gf()) {
+        res->set_params(params);
     }
 
 void llm_graph_context::cb(ggml_tensor * cur, const char * name, int il) const {
@@ -409,7 +900,8 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_cvec(
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_lora_mm(
           ggml_tensor * w,
-          ggml_tensor * cur) const {
+          ggml_tensor * cur,
+          ggml_tensor * w_s) const {
     ggml_tensor * res = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, w, cur);
 
     for (const auto & lora : *loras) {
@@ -430,6 +922,10 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_lora_mm(
         res = ggml_add(ctx0, res, ab_cur);
     }
 
+    if (w_s) {
+        res = ggml_mul(ctx0, res, w_s);
+    }
+
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -554,12 +1050,40 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_ffn(
 
     switch (type_op) {
         case LLM_FFN_SILU:
-            {
+            if (gate && type_gate == LLM_FFN_PAR) {
+                // Step35: HF clamps gate (after SiLU) and up before multiplication
+                if (arch == LLM_ARCH_STEP35 && il >= 0) {
+                    const float limit = hparams.swiglu_clamp_shexp[il];
+                    constexpr float eps = 1e-6f;
+                    if (limit > eps) {
+                        ggml_tensor * gate_act = ggml_silu(ctx0, cur);
+                        cb(gate_act, "ffn_silu", il);
+                        gate_act = ggml_clamp(ctx0, gate_act, -INFINITY, limit);
+                        cb(gate_act, "ffn_silu_clamped", il);
+
+                        tmp = ggml_clamp(ctx0, tmp, -limit, limit);
+                        cb(tmp, "ffn_up_clamped", il);
+
+                        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, gate_act, tmp);
+                        cb(cur, "ffn_swiglu_limited", il);
+                        type_gate = LLM_FFN_SEQ;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                cur = ggml_swiglu_split(ctx0, cur, tmp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_swiglu", il);
+                type_gate = LLM_FFN_SEQ;
+            } else {
                 cur = ggml_silu(ctx0, cur);
                 cb(cur, "ffn_silu", il);
             } break;
         case LLM_FFN_GELU:
-            {
+            if (gate && type_gate == LLM_FFN_PAR) {
+                cur = ggml_geglu_split(ctx0, cur, tmp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_geglu", il);
+                type_gate = LLM_FFN_SEQ;
+            } else {
                 cur = ggml_gelu(ctx0, cur);
                 cb(cur, "ffn_gelu", il);
                 if (act_scales != NULL) {
@@ -568,7 +1092,11 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_ffn(
                 }
             } break;
         case LLM_FFN_RELU:
-            {
+            if (gate && type_gate == LLM_FFN_PAR) {
+                cur = ggml_reglu_split(ctx0, cur, tmp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_reglu", il);
+                type_gate = LLM_FFN_SEQ;
+            } else {
                 cur = ggml_relu(ctx0, cur);
                 cb(cur, "ffn_relu", il);
             } break;
@@ -582,32 +1110,21 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_ffn(
             } break;
         case LLM_FFN_SWIGLU:
             {
-                // Project to 4h. If using swiglu double the output width, see https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.05202.pdf
-                int64_t split_point = cur->ne[0] / 2;
-                // TODO: these conts should not be needed, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14090#discussion_r2137437217
-                ggml_tensor * x0 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, split_point, cur->ne[1], cur->nb[1], 0));
-                ggml_tensor * x1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, split_point, cur->ne[1], cur->nb[1], split_point * ggml_element_size(cur)));
-
-                x0 = ggml_silu(ctx0, x0);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_silu", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, x0, x1);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_mul", il);
+                cur = ggml_swiglu(ctx0, cur);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_swiglu", il);
             } break;
         case LLM_FFN_GEGLU:
             {
-                // Split into two equal parts
-                int64_t split_point = cur->ne[0] / 2;
-                // TODO: these conts should not be needed, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14090#discussion_r2137437217
-                ggml_tensor * x0 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, split_point, cur->ne[1], cur->nb[1], 0));
-                ggml_tensor * x1 = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, split_point, cur->ne[1], cur->nb[1], split_point * ggml_element_size(cur)));
-
-                x0 = ggml_gelu(ctx0, x0);
-                cb(x0, "ffn_gelu", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, x0, x1);
+                cur = ggml_geglu(ctx0, cur);
                 cb(cur, "ffn_geglu", il);
             } break;
+        case LLM_FFN_REGLU:
+            {
+                cur = ggml_reglu(ctx0, cur);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_reglu", il);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 
     if (gate && type_gate == LLM_FFN_PAR) {
@@ -617,8 +1134,8 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_ffn(
 
     if (down) {
         cur = build_lora_mm(down, cur);
-        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4) {
-            // GLM4 seems to have numerical issues with half-precision accumulators
+        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4 || arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE || arch == LLM_ARCH_JAIS2) {
+            // GLM4, GLM4_MOE, and JAIS2 seem to have numerical issues with half-precision accumulators
             ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(cur, GGML_PREC_F32);
         }
     }
@@ -650,16 +1167,78 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_moe_ffn(
              int64_t   n_expert_used,
      llm_ffn_op_type   type_op,
                 bool   norm_w,
-                bool   scale_w,
                float   w_scale,
          llama_expert_gating_func_type gating_op,
-                 int   il) const {
+                 int   il,
+         ggml_tensor * probs_in,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_up_exps,
+         ggml_tensor * up_exps_s,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_exps_s,
+         ggml_tensor * down_exps_s) const {
+    return build_moe_ffn(
+        cur,
+        gate_inp,  /* gate_inp_b  */ nullptr,
+        up_exps,   /* up_exps_b   */ nullptr,
+        gate_exps, /* gate_exps_b */ nullptr,
+        down_exps, /* down_exps_b */ nullptr,
+        exp_probs_b,
+        n_expert,
+        n_expert_used,
+        type_op,
+        norm_w,
+        w_scale,
+        gating_op,
+        il,
+        probs_in,
+        gate_up_exps,
+        /* gate_up_exps_b */ nullptr,
+        up_exps_s,
+        gate_exps_s,
+        down_exps_s
+    );
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_moe_ffn(
+         ggml_tensor * cur,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_inp,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_inp_b,
+         ggml_tensor * up_exps,
+         ggml_tensor * up_exps_b,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_exps,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_exps_b,
+         ggml_tensor * down_exps,
+         ggml_tensor * down_exps_b,
+         ggml_tensor * exp_probs_b,
+             int64_t   n_expert,
+             int64_t   n_expert_used,
+     llm_ffn_op_type   type_op,
+                bool   norm_w,
+               float   w_scale,
+        llama_expert_gating_func_type gating_op,
+                 int   il,
+         ggml_tensor * probs_in,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_up_exps,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_up_exps_b,
+         ggml_tensor * up_exps_s,
+         ggml_tensor * gate_exps_s,
+         ggml_tensor * down_exps_s) const {
     const int64_t n_embd   = cur->ne[0];
     const int64_t n_tokens = cur->ne[1];
     const bool weight_before_ffn = arch == LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4; // for llama4, we apply the sigmoid-ed weights before the FFN
 
-    ggml_tensor * logits = build_lora_mm(gate_inp, cur); // [n_expert, n_tokens]
-    cb(logits, "ffn_moe_logits", il);
+    ggml_tensor * logits = nullptr;
+
+    if (probs_in == nullptr) {
+        logits = build_lora_mm(gate_inp, cur); // [n_expert, n_tokens]
+        cb(logits, "ffn_moe_logits", il);
+    } else {
+        logits = probs_in;
+    }
+
+    if (gate_inp_b) {
+        logits = ggml_add(ctx0, logits, gate_inp_b);
+        cb(logits, "ffn_moe_logits_biased", il);
+    }
 
     ggml_tensor * probs = nullptr;
     switch (gating_op) {
@@ -671,6 +1250,10 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_moe_ffn(
             {
                 probs = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, logits); // [n_expert, n_tokens]
             } break;
+        case LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT:
+            {
+                probs = logits; // [n_expert, n_tokens]
+            } break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
@@ -690,31 +1273,84 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_moe_ffn(
         selection_probs = logits;
     }
 
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE) {
+        selection_probs = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, logits); // [n_expert, n_tokens]
+        cb(selection_probs, "ffn_moe_probs_biased", il);
+    }
+
+    // select top n_group_used expert groups
+    // https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3/blob/e815299b0bcbac849fa540c768ef21845365c9eb/modeling_deepseek.py#L440-L457
+    if (hparams.n_expert_groups > 1 && n_tokens > 0) {
+        const int64_t n_exp_per_group = n_expert / hparams.n_expert_groups;
+
+        // organize experts into n_expert_groups
+        ggml_tensor * selection_groups = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, selection_probs, n_exp_per_group, hparams.n_expert_groups, n_tokens); // [n_exp_per_group, n_expert_groups, n_tokens]
+
+        ggml_tensor * group_scores = ggml_argsort_top_k(ctx0, selection_groups, 2); // [2, n_expert_groups, n_tokens]
+        group_scores = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, selection_groups, 1, selection_groups->ne[0], selection_groups->ne[1], selection_groups->ne[2]), group_scores); // [1, 2, n_expert_groups, n_tokens]
+
+        // get top n_group_used expert groups
+        group_scores = ggml_sum_rows(ctx0, ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, group_scores, group_scores->ne[1], group_scores->ne[2], group_scores->ne[3])); // [1, n_expert_groups, n_tokens]
+        group_scores = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, group_scores, group_scores->ne[1], group_scores->ne[2]); // [n_expert_groups, n_tokens]
+
+        ggml_tensor * expert_groups = ggml_argsort_top_k(ctx0, group_scores, hparams.n_group_used); // [n_group_used, n_tokens]
+        cb(expert_groups, "ffn_moe_group_topk", il);
+
+        // mask out the other groups
+        selection_probs = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, selection_groups, expert_groups); // [n_exp_per_group, n_group_used, n_tokens]
+        selection_probs = ggml_set_rows(ctx0, ggml_fill(ctx0, selection_groups, -INFINITY), selection_probs, expert_groups); // [n_exp_per_group, n_expert_groups, n_tokens]
+        selection_probs = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, selection_probs, n_expert, n_tokens); // [n_expert, n_tokens]
+        cb(selection_probs, "ffn_moe_probs_masked", il);
+    }
+
     // select experts
-    ggml_tensor * selected_experts = ggml_top_k(ctx0, selection_probs, n_expert_used); // [n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+    ggml_tensor * selected_experts = ggml_argsort_top_k(ctx0, selection_probs, n_expert_used); // [n_expert_used, n_tokens]
     cb(selected_experts->src[0], "ffn_moe_argsort", il);
     cb(selected_experts, "ffn_moe_topk", il);
 
-    ggml_tensor * weights = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,
-            ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, probs, 1, n_expert, n_tokens), selected_experts); // [1, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE && n_expert != hparams.n_expert) {
+        // TODO: Use scalar div instead when/if implemented
+        ggml_tensor * f_sel = ggml_cast(ctx0, selected_experts, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        selected_experts = ggml_cast(ctx0, ggml_scale(ctx0, f_sel, 1.0f / float(hparams.n_group_experts)), GGML_TYPE_I32);
+        probs = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, probs, 1, hparams.n_expert, n_tokens);
+    } else {
+        probs = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, probs, 1, n_expert, n_tokens);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * weights = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, probs, selected_experts); // [1, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
     cb(weights, "ffn_moe_weights", il);
 
+
+    if (gating_op == LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT) {
+        weights = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, weights, n_expert_used, n_tokens);
+        weights = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, weights); // [n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+        weights = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, weights, 1, n_expert_used, n_tokens);
+        cb(weights, "ffn_moe_weights_softmax", il);
+    }
+
     if (norm_w) {
         weights = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, weights, n_expert_used, n_tokens);
 
         ggml_tensor * weights_sum = ggml_sum_rows(ctx0, weights); // [1, n_tokens]
         cb(weights_sum, "ffn_moe_weights_sum", il);
 
+        // Avoid division by zero, clamp to smallest number representable by F16
+        weights_sum = ggml_clamp(ctx0, weights_sum, 6.103515625e-5, INFINITY);
+        cb(weights_sum, "ffn_moe_weights_sum_clamped", il);
+
         weights = ggml_div(ctx0, weights, weights_sum); // [n_expert_used, n_tokens]
         cb(weights, "ffn_moe_weights_norm", il);
 
         weights = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, weights, 1, n_expert_used, n_tokens);
     }
-    if (scale_w) {
+    if (w_scale != 0.0f && w_scale != 1.0f) {
         weights = ggml_scale(ctx0, weights, w_scale);
         cb(weights, "ffn_moe_weights_scaled", il);
     }
 
+    //call early so that topk-moe can be used
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, weights);
+
     cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, 1, n_tokens);
 
     if (weight_before_ffn) {
@@ -724,59 +1360,187 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_moe_ffn(
         cb(cur, "ffn_moe_weighted", il);
     }
 
-    ggml_tensor * up = build_lora_mm_id(up_exps, cur, selected_experts); // [n_ff, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
-    cb(up, "ffn_moe_up", il);
-
+    ggml_tensor * up = nullptr;
     ggml_tensor * experts = nullptr;
-    if (gate_exps) {
-        cur = build_lora_mm_id(gate_exps, cur, selected_experts); // [n_ff, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+
+    if (gate_up_exps) {
+        // merged gate_up path: one mul_mat_id, then split into gate and up views
+        ggml_tensor * gate_up = build_lora_mm_id(gate_up_exps, cur, selected_experts); // [n_ff*2, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+        cb(gate_up, "ffn_moe_gate_up", il);
+
+        if (gate_up_exps_b) {
+            gate_up = ggml_add_id(ctx0, gate_up, gate_up_exps_b, selected_experts);
+            cb(gate_up, "ffn_moe_gate_up_biased", il);
+        }
+
+        // apply per-expert scale2 to merged gate_up (use up_exps_s since gate and up are fused)
+        if (up_exps_s) {
+            ggml_tensor * s = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, up_exps_s, 1, n_expert, 1);
+            s = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, s, 1, n_expert, n_tokens, 1);
+            s = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, s, selected_experts); // [1, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+            gate_up = ggml_mul(ctx0, gate_up, s);
+            cb(gate_up, "ffn_moe_gate_up_scaled", il);
+        }
+
+        const int64_t n_ff = gate_up->ne[0] / 2;
+        cur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, gate_up, n_ff, gate_up->ne[1], gate_up->ne[2], gate_up->nb[1], gate_up->nb[2], 0);
         cb(cur, "ffn_moe_gate", il);
+        up  = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, gate_up, n_ff, gate_up->ne[1], gate_up->ne[2], gate_up->nb[1], gate_up->nb[2], n_ff * gate_up->nb[0]);
+        cb(up, "ffn_moe_up", il);
     } else {
-        cur = up;
+        // separate gate and up path
+        up = build_lora_mm_id(up_exps, cur, selected_experts); // [n_ff, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+        cb(up, "ffn_moe_up", il);
+
+        if (up_exps_b) {
+            up = ggml_add_id(ctx0, up, up_exps_b, selected_experts);
+            cb(up, "ffn_moe_up_biased", il);
+        }
+
+        // apply per-expert scale2 to up
+        if (up_exps_s) {
+            ggml_tensor * s = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, up_exps_s, 1, n_expert, 1);
+            s = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, s, 1, n_expert, n_tokens, 1);
+            s = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, s, selected_experts); // [1, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+            up = ggml_mul(ctx0, up, s);
+            cb(up, "ffn_moe_up_scaled", il);
+        }
+
+        if (gate_exps) {
+            cur = build_lora_mm_id(gate_exps, cur, selected_experts); // [n_ff, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_gate", il);
+        } else {
+            cur = up;
+        }
+
+        if (gate_exps_b) {
+            cur = ggml_add_id(ctx0, cur, gate_exps_b, selected_experts);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_gate_biased", il);
+        }
+
+        // apply per-expert scale2 to gate
+        if (gate_exps_s) {
+            ggml_tensor * s = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, gate_exps_s, 1, n_expert, 1);
+            s = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, s, 1, n_expert, n_tokens, 1);
+            s = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, s, selected_experts); // [1, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, s);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_gate_scaled", il);
+        }
     }
 
+    const bool has_gate = gate_exps || gate_up_exps;
+
     switch (type_op) {
         case LLM_FFN_SILU:
-            {
+            if (gate_exps) {
+                // Step35: per-layer clamp for routed experts
+                if (arch == LLM_ARCH_STEP35 && il >= 0) {
+                    const float limit = hparams.swiglu_clamp_exp[il];
+                    constexpr float eps = 1e-6f;
+                    if (limit > eps) {
+                        ggml_tensor * gate_act = ggml_silu(ctx0, cur);
+                        cb(gate_act, "ffn_moe_silu", il);
+                        gate_act = ggml_clamp(ctx0, gate_act, -INFINITY, limit);
+                        cb(gate_act, "ffn_moe_silu_clamped", il);
+
+                        up = ggml_clamp(ctx0, up, -limit, limit);
+                        cb(up, "ffn_moe_up_clamped", il);
+
+                        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, gate_act, up);
+                        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_swiglu_limited", il);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (has_gate) {
+                cur = ggml_swiglu_split(ctx0, cur, up);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_swiglu", il);
+            } else {
                 cur = ggml_silu(ctx0, cur);
                 cb(cur, "ffn_moe_silu", il);
             } break;
         case LLM_FFN_GELU:
-            {
+            if (has_gate) {
+                cur = ggml_geglu_split(ctx0, cur, up);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_geglu", il);
+            } else {
                 cur = ggml_gelu(ctx0, cur);
                 cb(cur, "ffn_moe_gelu", il);
             } break;
+        case LLM_FFN_SWIGLU_OAI_MOE:
+            {
+                // TODO: move to hparams?
+                constexpr float alpha = 1.702f;
+                constexpr float limit = 7.0f;
+                cur = ggml_swiglu_oai(ctx0, cur, up, alpha, limit);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_swiglu_oai", il);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_FFN_RELU:
+            if (has_gate) {
+                cur = ggml_reglu_split(ctx0, cur, up);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_reglu", il);
+            } else {
+                cur = ggml_relu(ctx0, cur);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_relu", il);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR:
+            if (has_gate) {
+                // TODO: add support for gated squared relu
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error: gated squared relu not implemented");
+            } else {
+                cur = ggml_relu(ctx0, cur);
+                cur = ggml_sqr(ctx0, cur);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_relu_sqr", il);
+            } break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 
-    if (gate_exps) {
-        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, up); // [n_ff, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
-        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_gate_par", il);
-    }
-
     experts = build_lora_mm_id(down_exps, cur, selected_experts); // [n_embd, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
     cb(experts, "ffn_moe_down", il);
 
-    if (!weight_before_ffn) {
-        experts = ggml_mul(ctx0, experts, weights);
-        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_weighted", il);
+    if (down_exps_b) {
+        experts = ggml_add_id(ctx0, experts, down_exps_b, selected_experts);
+        cb(experts, "ffn_moe_down_biased", il);
+    }
+
+    // apply per-expert scale2 to down
+    if (down_exps_s) {
+        ggml_tensor * s = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, down_exps_s, 1, n_expert, 1);
+        s = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, s, 1, n_expert, n_tokens, 1);
+        s = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, s, selected_experts); // [1, n_expert_used, n_tokens]
+        experts = ggml_mul(ctx0, experts, s);
+        cb(experts, "ffn_moe_down_scaled", il);
+    }
+
+    if (!weight_before_ffn) {
+        experts = ggml_mul(ctx0, experts, weights);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_weighted", il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur_experts[LLAMA_MAX_EXPERTS] = { nullptr };
+
+    assert(n_expert_used > 0);
+
+    // order the views before the adds
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_expert_used; ++i) {
+        cur_experts[i] = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, experts, n_embd, n_tokens, experts->nb[2], i*experts->nb[1]);
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur_experts[i]);
     }
 
     // aggregate experts
-    ggml_tensor * moe_out = nullptr;
-    for (int i = 0; i < n_expert_used; ++i) {
-        ggml_tensor * cur_expert = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, experts, n_embd, n_tokens,
-                experts->nb[2], i*experts->nb[1]);
+    // note: here we explicitly use hparams.n_expert_used instead of n_expert_used
+    //       to avoid potentially a large number of add nodes during warmup
+    //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14753
+    ggml_tensor * moe_out = cur_experts[0];
 
-        if (i == 0) {
-            moe_out = cur_expert;
-        } else {
-            moe_out = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, cur_expert);
-        }
+    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < hparams.n_expert_used; ++i) {
+        moe_out = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, cur_experts[i]);
     }
 
-    if (n_expert_used == 1) {
+    if (hparams.n_expert_used == 1) {
         // avoid returning a non-contiguous tensor
         moe_out = ggml_cont(ctx0, moe_out);
     }
@@ -788,17 +1552,29 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_moe_ffn(
 
 // input embeddings with optional lora
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_embd(ggml_tensor * tok_embd) const {
-    const int64_t n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
+    const int64_t n_embd_inp = hparams.n_embd_inp();
+    const int64_t n_embd     = hparams.n_embd;
+
+    assert(n_embd_inp >= n_embd);
+
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_embd>(n_embd_inp);
 
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_embd>();
+    inp->tokens = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, ubatch.n_tokens);
+    cb(inp->tokens, "inp_tokens", -1);
+    ggml_set_input(inp->tokens);
+    res->t_inp_tokens = inp->tokens;
 
-    ggml_tensor * cur = nullptr;
+    inp->embd = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd_inp, ubatch.n_tokens);
+    cb(inp->embd, "inp_embd", -1);
+    ggml_set_input(inp->embd);
 
-    if (ubatch.token) {
-        inp->tokens = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, ubatch.n_tokens);
-        //cb(inp->tokens, "inp_tokens", -1);
-        ggml_set_input(inp->tokens);
-        res->t_tokens = inp->tokens;
+    // select one of the 2 inputs, based on the batch contents
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18550
+    std::array<ggml_tensor *, 2> inps;
+
+    // token embeddings path (ubatch.token != nullptr)
+    {
+        auto & cur = inps[0];
 
         cur = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, tok_embd, inp->tokens);
 
@@ -819,22 +1595,43 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_embd(ggml_tensor * tok_embd) const {
 
             cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL_delta);
         }
-    } else {
-        inp->embd = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, ubatch.n_tokens);
-        ggml_set_input(inp->embd);
+
+        if (n_embd_inp != n_embd) {
+            cur = ggml_pad(ctx0, cur, hparams.n_embd_inp() - n_embd, 0, 0, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // vector embeddings path (ubatch.embd != nullptr)
+    {
+        auto & cur = inps[1];
 
         cur = inp->embd;
     }
 
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape (inps[0], inps[1]));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_stride(inps[0], inps[1]));
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_build_forward_select(gf, inps.data(), inps.size(), ubatch.token ? 0 : 1);
+
+    if (n_embd_inp != n_embd) {
+        cur = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0);
+    }
+
+    res->t_inp_embd = cur;
+
     // For Granite architecture
     if (hparams.f_embedding_scale != 0.0f) {
         cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_embedding_scale);
     }
 
-    cb(cur, "inp_embd", -1);
+    cb(cur, "embd", -1);
 
     res->add_input(std::move(inp));
 
+    // make sure the produced embeddings are immediately materialized in the ggml graph
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18599
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
     return cur;
 }
 
@@ -852,13 +1649,14 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_pos() const {
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_attn_scale() const {
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_temp>(hparams.n_attn_temp_floor_scale, hparams.f_attn_temp_scale);
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_temp>(hparams.n_attn_temp_floor_scale, hparams.f_attn_temp_scale, hparams.f_attn_temp_offset);
 
     auto & cur = inp->attn_scale;
 
     // this need to be 1x1xN for broadcasting
     cur = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1, 1, n_tokens);
     ggml_set_input(cur);
+    ggml_set_name(cur, "attn_scale");
 
     res->add_input(std::move(inp));
 
@@ -868,7 +1666,7 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_attn_scale() const {
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_out_ids() const {
     // note: when all tokens are output, we could skip this optimization to spare the ggml_get_rows() calls,
     //       but this would make the graph topology depend on the number of output tokens, which can interere with
-    //       features that require constant topology such as pipline parallelism
+    //       features that require constant topology such as pipeline parallelism
     //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14275#issuecomment-2987424471
     //if (n_outputs < n_tokens) {
     //    return nullptr;
@@ -900,7 +1698,7 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_mean() const {
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_cls() const {
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_cls>(cparams);
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_cls>(cparams, arch);
 
     auto & cur = inp->cls;
 
@@ -925,8 +1723,8 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_cross_embd() const {
     //    return cur;
     //}
 
-    const auto n_embd = !cross->v_embd.empty() ? cross->n_embd : hparams.n_embd;
-    const auto n_enc  = !cross->v_embd.empty() ? cross->n_enc : hparams.n_ctx_train;
+    const auto n_embd = !cross->v_embd.empty() ? cross->n_embd : hparams.n_embd_inp();
+    const auto n_enc  = !cross->v_embd.empty() ? cross->n_enc  : hparams.n_ctx_train;
 
     cur = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_enc);
     ggml_set_input(cur);
@@ -950,11 +1748,11 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_pos_bucket_enc() const {
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_inp_pos_bucket_dec() const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_state *>(mstate);
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(mctx);
 
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv>(hparams, kv_state);
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv>(hparams, mctx_cur);
 
-    const auto n_kv = kv_state->get_n_kv();
+    const auto n_kv = mctx_cur->get_n_kv();
 
     auto & cur = inp->pos_bucket;
 
@@ -981,56 +1779,31 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_pos_bias(ggml_tensor * pos_bucket, ggml_t
     return pos_bias;
 }
 
-llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * llm_graph_context::build_inp_mem_hybrid() const {
-    const auto * mem_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_state *>(mstate);
-
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid>(hparams, cparams, mem_state);
-
-    {
-        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE && "Hybrid recurrent is not supported with SWA attention layers");
-
-        const auto n_kv = inp->mem_state->get_state_attn()->get_n_kv();
-
-        inp->self_kq_mask = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD));
-        //cb(inp->self_kq_mask, "KQ_mask", -1);
-        ggml_set_input(inp->self_kq_mask);
-
-        inp->self_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->self_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->self_kq_mask;
-    }
-
-    {
-        const auto n_rs = mem_state->get_state_recr()->get_n_rs();
-
-        inp->s_copy = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_rs);
-        ggml_set_input(inp->s_copy);
-    }
-
-    return (llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
-}
-
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn_mha(
-         ggml_cgraph * gf,
          ggml_tensor * q,
          ggml_tensor * k,
          ggml_tensor * v,
          ggml_tensor * kq_b,
          ggml_tensor * kq_mask,
+         ggml_tensor * sinks,
          ggml_tensor * v_mla,
-             float     kq_scale) const {
+               float   kq_scale,
+                 int   il) const {
     const bool v_trans = v->nb[1] > v->nb[2];
 
+    // split the batch into streams if needed
+    const auto n_stream = k->ne[3];
+
+    q = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, q, q->ne[0], q->ne[1], q->ne[2]/n_stream, n_stream, q->nb[1], q->nb[2], q->nb[3]/n_stream, 0);
+
     q = ggml_permute(ctx0, q, 0, 2, 1, 3);
     k = ggml_permute(ctx0, k, 0, 2, 1, 3);
     v = ggml_permute(ctx0, v, 0, 2, 1, 3);
 
-    const auto n_tokens = q->ne[1];
-    const auto n_head   = q->ne[2];
-    const auto n_kv     = k->ne[1];
-
     ggml_tensor * cur;
 
-    // TODO: replace hardcoded padding with ggml-provided padding
-    if (cparams.flash_attn && (n_kv % 256 == 0) && kq_b == nullptr) {
+    const bool use_flash_attn = cparams.flash_attn && kq_b == nullptr;
+    if (use_flash_attn) {
         GGML_ASSERT(kq_b == nullptr && "Flash attention does not support KQ bias yet");
 
         if (v_trans) {
@@ -1048,13 +1821,15 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn_mha(
 
         cur = ggml_flash_attn_ext(ctx0, q, k, v, kq_mask, kq_scale, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias,
                                   hparams.attn_soft_cap ? hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping : 0.0f);
+        cb(cur, LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FATTN, il);
 
-        ggml_flash_attn_ext_set_prec(cur, GGML_PREC_F32);
+        ggml_flash_attn_ext_add_sinks(cur, sinks);
+        ggml_flash_attn_ext_set_prec (cur, GGML_PREC_F32);
 
         if (v_mla) {
 #if 0
             // v_mla can be applied as a matrix-vector multiplication with broadcasting across dimension 3 == n_tokens.
-            // However, the code is optimized for dimensions 0 and 1 being large, so this is ineffient.
+            // However, the code is optimized for dimensions 0 and 1 being large, so this is inefficient.
             cur = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, cur, v_mla->ne[0], 1, n_head, n_tokens);
             cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, v_mla, cur);
 #else
@@ -1062,14 +1837,16 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn_mha(
             // The permutations are noops and only change how the tensor data is interpreted.
             cur = ggml_permute(ctx0, cur, 0, 2, 1, 3);
             cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, v_mla, cur);
+            cb(cur, "fattn_mla", il);
             cur = ggml_permute(ctx0, cur, 0, 2, 1, 3);
             cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, cur); // Needed because ggml_reshape_2d expects contiguous inputs.
 #endif
         }
 
-        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0]*n_head, n_tokens);
+        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0]*cur->ne[1], cur->ne[2]*cur->ne[3]);
     } else {
         ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, k, q);
+        cb(kq, "kq", il);
 
         // note: this op tends to require high floating point range
         //       while for some models F16 is enough, for others it is not, so we default to F32 here
@@ -1077,42 +1854,54 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn_mha(
 
         if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GROK) {
             // need to do the following:
-            // multiply by attn_output_multiplyer of 0.08838834764831845
+            // multiply by attn_output_multiplier
             // and then :
             // kq = 30 * tanh(kq / 30)
             // before the softmax below
 
-            kq = ggml_tanh(ctx0, ggml_scale(ctx0, kq, 0.08838834764831845f/30.0f));
-            kq = ggml_scale(ctx0, kq, 30);
+            kq = ggml_tanh(ctx0, ggml_scale(ctx0, kq, hparams.f_attn_out_scale / hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping));
+            cb(kq, "kq_tanh", il);
+            kq = ggml_scale(ctx0, kq, hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping);
+            cb(kq, "kq_scaled", il);
         }
 
         if (hparams.attn_soft_cap) {
             kq = ggml_scale(ctx0, kq, 1.0f / hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping);
+            cb(kq, "kq_scaled_1", il);
             kq = ggml_tanh (ctx0, kq);
+            cb(kq, "kq_tanh", il);
             kq = ggml_scale(ctx0, kq, hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping);
+            cb(kq, "kq_scaled_2", il);
         }
 
         if (kq_b) {
             kq = ggml_add(ctx0, kq, kq_b);
+            cb(kq, "kq_plus_kq_b", il);
         }
 
         kq = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx0, kq, kq_mask, kq_scale, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
+        ggml_soft_max_add_sinks(kq, sinks);
+        cb(kq, "kq_soft_max", il);
 
         if (!v_trans) {
             // note: avoid this branch
             v = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, v));
+            cb(v, "v_cont", il);
         }
 
         ggml_tensor * kqv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, v, kq);
+        cb(kqv, "kqv", il);
 
         // for MLA with the absorption optimization, we need to "decompress" from MQA back to MHA
         if (v_mla) {
             kqv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, v_mla, kqv);
+            cb(kqv, "kqv_mla", il);
         }
 
         cur = ggml_permute(ctx0, kqv, 0, 2, 1, 3);
 
-        cur = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0]*n_head, n_tokens);
+        // recombine streams
+        cur = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0]*cur->ne[1], cur->ne[2]*cur->ne[3]);
 
         if (!cparams.offload_kqv) {
             // all nodes between the KV store and the attention output are run on the CPU
@@ -1129,24 +1918,33 @@ llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_no_cache() con
     auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache>(hparams, cparams);
 
     // note: there is no KV cache, so the number of KV values is equal to the number of tokens in the batch
-    inp->kq_mask = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_tokens, GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD));
-    //cb(inp_kq_mask, "KQ_mask", -1);
-    ggml_set_input(inp->kq_mask);
+    inp->self_kq_mask = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_tokens, n_tokens, 1, 1);
+    ggml_set_input(inp->self_kq_mask);
+
+    inp->self_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->self_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->self_kq_mask;
+
+    if (hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
+        inp->self_kq_mask_swa = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_tokens, n_tokens, 1, 1);
+        ggml_set_input(inp->self_kq_mask_swa);
 
-    inp->kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->kq_mask;
+        inp->self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->self_kq_mask_swa, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->self_kq_mask_swa;
+    } else {
+        inp->self_kq_mask_swa     = nullptr;
+        inp->self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = nullptr;
+    }
 
     return (llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
         llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache * inp,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
         ggml_tensor * wo,
         ggml_tensor * wo_b,
         ggml_tensor * q_cur,
         ggml_tensor * k_cur,
         ggml_tensor * v_cur,
         ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+        ggml_tensor * sinks,
         ggml_tensor * v_mla,
             float     kq_scale,
             int       il) const {
@@ -1158,13 +1956,20 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, v_cur);
 
-    const auto & kq_mask = inp->get_kq_mask();
+    const bool is_swa = hparams.is_swa(il);
+
+    const auto & kq_mask = is_swa ? inp->get_kq_mask_swa() : inp->get_kq_mask();
+
+    // [TAG_NO_CACHE_PAD]
+    // TODO: if ubatch.equal_seqs() == true, we can split the three tensors below into ubatch.n_seqs_unq streams
+    //       but it might not be worth it: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15636
+    //assert(!ubatch.equal_seqs() || (k_cur->ne[3] == 1 && k_cur->ne[3] == ubatch.n_seqs_unq));
 
     ggml_tensor * q = q_cur;
     ggml_tensor * k = k_cur;
     ggml_tensor * v = v_cur;
 
-    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(gf, q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, v_mla, kq_scale);
+    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, sinks, v_mla, kq_scale, il);
     cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
 
     if (wo) {
@@ -1182,65 +1987,84 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
     return cur;
 }
 
-llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_kv_unified() const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_state *>(mstate);
+static std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_kv> build_attn_inp_kv_impl(
+           ggml_context * ctx0,
+     const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+    const llama_hparams & hparams,
+    const llama_cparams & cparams,
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx_cur) {
 
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified>(hparams, cparams, kv_state);
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_kv>(hparams, cparams, mctx_cur);
 
     {
-        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE && "Use llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa for SWA");
+        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE && "Use llama_kv_cache_iswa for SWA");
+
+        inp->self_k_idxs = mctx_cur->build_input_k_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+        inp->self_v_idxs = mctx_cur->build_input_v_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
 
-        const auto n_kv = kv_state->get_n_kv();
+        inp->self_kq_mask = build_kq_mask(ctx0, mctx_cur, ubatch, cparams);
 
-        inp->self_kq_mask = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD));
-        //cb(inp->self_kq_mask, "KQ_mask", -1);
         ggml_set_input(inp->self_kq_mask);
 
         inp->self_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->self_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->self_kq_mask;
     }
 
-    return (llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+    return inp;
+}
+
+llm_graph_input_attn_kv * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_kv() const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(mctx);
+
+    auto inp = build_attn_inp_kv_impl(ctx0, ubatch, hparams, cparams, mctx_cur);
+
+    return (llm_graph_input_attn_kv *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
-        llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified * inp,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp,
         ggml_tensor * wo,
         ggml_tensor * wo_b,
         ggml_tensor * q_cur,
         ggml_tensor * k_cur,
         ggml_tensor * v_cur,
         ggml_tensor * kq_b,
-        ggml_tensor * v_mla,
+        ggml_tensor * sinks,
+        ggml_tensor * v_mla, // TODO: remove
             float     kq_scale,
             int       il) const {
+    GGML_ASSERT(v_mla == nullptr);
+
     // these nodes are added to the graph together so that they are not reordered
     // by doing so, the number of splits in the graph is reduced
+    // expand k later to enable rope fusion which directly writes into k-v cache
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, q_cur);
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, v_cur);
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
 
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_state *>(mstate);
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
 
     // store to KV cache
     {
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, kv_state->cpy_k(ctx0, k_cur, il));
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, kv_state->cpy_v(ctx0, v_cur, il));
+        const auto & k_idxs = inp->get_k_idxs();
+        const auto & v_idxs = inp->get_v_idxs();
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, mctx_cur->cpy_k(ctx0, k_cur, k_idxs, il));
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, mctx_cur->cpy_v(ctx0, v_cur, v_idxs, il));
     }
 
     const auto & kq_mask = inp->get_kq_mask();
 
     ggml_tensor * q = q_cur;
-    ggml_tensor * k = kv_state->get_k(ctx0, il);
-    ggml_tensor * v = kv_state->get_v(ctx0, il);
+    ggml_tensor * k = mctx_cur->get_k(ctx0, il);
+    ggml_tensor * v = mctx_cur->get_v(ctx0, il);
 
-    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(gf, q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, v_mla, kq_scale);
+    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, sinks, v_mla, kq_scale, il);
     cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
 
     if (wo) {
         cur = build_lora_mm(wo, cur);
-        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4) {
-            // GLM4 seems to have numerical issues with half-precision accumulators
+        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4 || arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE || arch == LLM_ARCH_JAIS2) {
+            // GLM4, GLM4_MOE, and JAIS2 seem to have numerical issues with half-precision accumulators
             ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(cur, GGML_PREC_F32);
         }
     }
@@ -1252,51 +2076,80 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
     return cur;
 }
 
+static std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_k> build_attn_inp_k_impl(
+           ggml_context * ctx0,
+     const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+    const llama_hparams & hparams,
+    const llama_cparams & cparams,
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx_cur) {
+
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_k>(hparams, cparams, mctx_cur);
+
+    {
+        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE && "Use llama_kv_cache_iswa for SWA");
+
+        inp->self_k_idxs = mctx_cur->build_input_k_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+
+        inp->self_kq_mask = build_kq_mask(ctx0, mctx_cur, ubatch, cparams);
+        ggml_set_input(inp->self_kq_mask);
+
+        inp->self_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->self_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->self_kq_mask;
+    }
+
+    return inp;
+}
+
+llm_graph_input_attn_k * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_k() const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(mctx);
+
+    auto inp = build_attn_inp_k_impl(ctx0, ubatch, hparams, cparams, mctx_cur);
+
+    return (llm_graph_input_attn_k *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+}
+
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
-        llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa * inp,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        llm_graph_input_attn_k * inp,
         ggml_tensor * wo,
         ggml_tensor * wo_b,
         ggml_tensor * q_cur,
         ggml_tensor * k_cur,
         ggml_tensor * v_cur,
         ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+        ggml_tensor * sinks,
         ggml_tensor * v_mla,
             float     kq_scale,
             int       il) const {
     // these nodes are added to the graph together so that they are not reordered
     // by doing so, the number of splits in the graph is reduced
+    // expand k later to enable rope fusion which directly writes into k-v cache
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, q_cur);
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, v_cur);
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
 
-    const auto * kv_state_iswa = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state *>(mstate);
-
-    const bool is_swa = hparams.is_swa(il);
-
-    const auto * kv_state = is_swa ? kv_state_iswa->get_swa() : kv_state_iswa->get_base();
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
 
     // store to KV cache
     {
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, kv_state->cpy_k(ctx0, k_cur, il));
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, kv_state->cpy_v(ctx0, v_cur, il));
+        const auto & k_idxs = inp->get_k_idxs();
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, mctx_cur->cpy_k(ctx0, k_cur, k_idxs, il));
     }
 
-    const auto & kq_mask = is_swa ? inp->get_kq_mask_swa() : inp->get_kq_mask();
+    const auto & kq_mask = inp->get_kq_mask();
 
     ggml_tensor * q = q_cur;
-    ggml_tensor * k = kv_state->get_k(ctx0, il);
-    ggml_tensor * v = kv_state->get_v(ctx0, il);
+    ggml_tensor * k = mctx_cur->get_k(ctx0, il);
+    ggml_tensor * v = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, k, v_cur->ne[0], k->ne[1], k->ne[2], k->ne[3], k->nb[1], k->nb[2], k->nb[3], 0);
 
-    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(gf, q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, v_mla, kq_scale);
+    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, sinks, v_mla, kq_scale, il);
     cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
 
     if (wo) {
         cur = build_lora_mm(wo, cur);
-    }
-
-    if (wo_b) {
-        //cb(cur, "kqv_wo", il);
+        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4 || arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE) {
+            // GLM4 and GLM4_MOE seem to have numerical issues with half-precision accumulators
+            ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(cur, GGML_PREC_F32);
+        }
     }
 
     if (wo_b) {
@@ -1306,44 +2159,56 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
     return cur;
 }
 
-llm_graph_input_attn_cross * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_cross() const {
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_cross>(cross);
-
-    const int32_t n_enc = !cross->v_embd.empty() ? cross->n_enc : hparams.n_ctx_train;
-
-    inp->cross_kq_mask = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_enc, GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD));
-    ggml_set_input(inp->cross_kq_mask);
-
-    inp->cross_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->cross_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->cross_kq_mask;
-
-    return (llm_graph_input_attn_cross *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
-}
-
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
-        llm_graph_input_attn_cross * inp,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa * inp,
         ggml_tensor * wo,
         ggml_tensor * wo_b,
         ggml_tensor * q_cur,
         ggml_tensor * k_cur,
         ggml_tensor * v_cur,
         ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+        ggml_tensor * sinks,
         ggml_tensor * v_mla,
             float     kq_scale,
             int       il) const {
     // these nodes are added to the graph together so that they are not reordered
     // by doing so, the number of splits in the graph is reduced
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, q_cur);
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, v_cur);
 
-    const auto & kq_mask = inp->get_kq_mask_cross();
+    if (k_cur) {
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
+    }
+
+    if (v_cur) {
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, v_cur);
+    }
+
+    const auto * mctx_iswa = inp->mctx;
+
+    const bool is_swa = hparams.is_swa(il);
+
+    const auto * mctx_cur = is_swa ? mctx_iswa->get_swa() : mctx_iswa->get_base();
+
+    // optionally store to KV cache
+    if (k_cur) {
+        const auto & k_idxs = is_swa ? inp->get_k_idxs_swa() : inp->get_k_idxs();
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, mctx_cur->cpy_k(ctx0, k_cur, k_idxs, il));
+    }
+
+    if (v_cur) {
+        const auto & v_idxs = is_swa ? inp->get_v_idxs_swa() : inp->get_v_idxs();
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, mctx_cur->cpy_v(ctx0, v_cur, v_idxs, il));
+    }
+
+    const auto & kq_mask = is_swa ? inp->get_kq_mask_swa() : inp->get_kq_mask();
 
     ggml_tensor * q = q_cur;
-    ggml_tensor * k = k_cur;
-    ggml_tensor * v = v_cur;
+    ggml_tensor * k = mctx_cur->get_k(ctx0, il);
+    ggml_tensor * v = mctx_cur->get_v(ctx0, il);
 
-    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(gf, q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, v_mla, kq_scale);
+    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, sinks, v_mla, kq_scale, il);
     cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
 
     if (wo) {
@@ -1361,15 +2226,28 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
     return cur;
 }
 
+llm_graph_input_attn_cross * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_cross() const {
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_cross>(cross);
+
+    const int32_t n_enc = !cross->v_embd.empty() ? cross->n_enc : hparams.n_ctx_train;
+
+    inp->cross_kq_mask = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_enc, n_tokens, 1, 1);
+    ggml_set_input(inp->cross_kq_mask);
+
+    inp->cross_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->cross_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->cross_kq_mask;
+
+    return (llm_graph_input_attn_cross *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+}
+
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
-        llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * inp,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        llm_graph_input_attn_cross * inp,
         ggml_tensor * wo,
         ggml_tensor * wo_b,
         ggml_tensor * q_cur,
         ggml_tensor * k_cur,
         ggml_tensor * v_cur,
         ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+        ggml_tensor * sinks,
         ggml_tensor * v_mla,
             float     kq_scale,
             int       il) const {
@@ -1379,29 +2257,21 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, k_cur);
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, v_cur);
 
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_state *>(mstate)->get_state_attn();
-
-    // store to KV cache
-    {
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, kv_state->cpy_k(ctx0, k_cur, il));
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, kv_state->cpy_v(ctx0, v_cur, il));
-    }
-
-    const auto & kq_mask = inp->get_kq_mask();
+    const auto & kq_mask = inp->get_kq_mask_cross();
 
     ggml_tensor * q = q_cur;
-    ggml_tensor * k = kv_state->get_k(ctx0, il);
-    ggml_tensor * v = kv_state->get_v(ctx0, il);
+    ggml_tensor * k = k_cur;
+    ggml_tensor * v = v_cur;
 
-    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(gf, q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, v_mla, kq_scale);
+    ggml_tensor * cur = build_attn_mha(q, k, v, kq_b, kq_mask, sinks, v_mla, kq_scale, il);
     cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
 
     if (wo) {
         cur = build_lora_mm(wo, cur);
-        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM4) {
-            // GLM4 seems to have numerical issues with half-precision accumulators
-            ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(cur, GGML_PREC_F32);
-        }
+    }
+
+    if (wo_b) {
+        //cb(cur, "kqv_wo", il);
     }
 
     if (wo_b) {
@@ -1411,131 +2281,135 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_attn(
     return cur;
 }
 
-llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa() const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state *>(mstate);
+// TODO: maybe separate the inner implementation into a separate function
+//       like with the non-sliding window equivalent
+//       once sliding-window hybrid caches are a thing.
+llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa * llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_kv_iswa() const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_iswa_context *>(mctx);
 
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa>(hparams, cparams, kv_state);
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa>(hparams, cparams, mctx_cur);
 
     {
-        const auto n_kv = kv_state->get_base()->get_n_kv();
+        inp->self_k_idxs = mctx_cur->get_base()->build_input_k_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+        inp->self_v_idxs = mctx_cur->get_base()->build_input_v_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
 
-        inp->self_kq_mask = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD));
-        //cb(inp->self_kq_mask, "KQ_mask", -1);
+        inp->self_kq_mask = build_kq_mask(ctx0, mctx_cur->get_base(), ubatch, cparams);
         ggml_set_input(inp->self_kq_mask);
+        ggml_set_name(inp->self_kq_mask, "self_kq_mask");
 
         inp->self_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->self_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->self_kq_mask;
+        ggml_set_name(inp->self_kq_mask_cnv, "self_kq_mask_cnv");
     }
 
     {
-        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE && "Use llama_kv_cache_unified for non-SWA");
+        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE && "Use llama_kv_cache for non-SWA");
 
-        const auto n_kv = kv_state->get_swa()->get_n_kv();
+        inp->self_k_idxs_swa = mctx_cur->get_swa()->build_input_k_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+        inp->self_v_idxs_swa = mctx_cur->get_swa()->build_input_v_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
 
-        inp->self_kq_mask_swa = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD));
-        //cb(inp->self_kq_mask_swa, "KQ_mask_swa", -1);
+        inp->self_kq_mask_swa = build_kq_mask(ctx0, mctx_cur->get_swa(), ubatch, cparams);
         ggml_set_input(inp->self_kq_mask_swa);
+        ggml_set_name(inp->self_kq_mask_swa, "self_kq_mask_swa");
 
         inp->self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp->self_kq_mask_swa, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp->self_kq_mask_swa;
+        ggml_set_name(inp->self_kq_mask_swa_cnv, "self_kq_mask_swa_cnv");
     }
 
-    return (llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+    return (llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_rs(
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
         ggml_tensor * s,
-        ggml_tensor * state_copy,
+        ggml_tensor * state_copy_main,
+        ggml_tensor * state_copy_extra,
             int32_t   state_size,
             int32_t   n_seqs,
-           uint32_t   n_kv,
-           uint32_t   kv_head,
-           uint32_t   kv_size,
+           uint32_t   n_rs,
+           uint32_t   rs_head,
+           uint32_t   rs_size,
             int32_t   rs_zero,
-               bool   avoid_copies) const {
+        const llm_graph_get_rows_fn & get_state_rows) const {
 
-    ggml_tensor * states = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, s, state_size, kv_size);
+    ggml_tensor * states = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, s, state_size, rs_size);
 
     // Clear a single state which will then be copied to the other cleared states.
     // Note that this is a no-op when the view is zero-sized.
     ggml_tensor * state_zero = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, states, state_size*(rs_zero >= 0), rs_zero*states->nb[1]*(rs_zero >= 0));
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, state_zero, 0));
 
-    ggml_tensor * output_states;
-
-    if (!avoid_copies) {
-        // copy states
-        // NOTE: assuming the copy destinations are ALL contained between kv_head and kv_head + n_kv
-        // {state_size, kv_size} -> {state_size, n_seqs}
-        output_states = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, states, ggml_view_1d(ctx0, state_copy, n_seqs, 0));
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, output_states);
-    } else {
-        // FIXME: make the gathering operation happen before the copy below
-        //        (maybe with an optional lambda function passed as a parameter instead of `avoid_copies`?)
-        output_states = states;
-    }
+    // copy states
+    // NOTE: assuming the copy destinations are ALL contained between rs_head and rs_head + n_rs
+    // {state_size, rs_size} -> {state_size, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * output_states = get_state_rows(ctx0, states, state_copy_main);
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, output_states);
 
-    // copy extra states which won't be changed further (between n_seqs and n_kv)
-    ggml_tensor * states_extra = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, states, ggml_view_1d(ctx0, state_copy, n_kv - n_seqs, n_seqs*state_copy->nb[0]));
+    // copy extra states which won't be changed further (between n_seqs and n_rs)
+    ggml_tensor * states_extra = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, states, state_copy_extra);
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
         ggml_cpy(ctx0,
             states_extra,
-            ggml_view_1d(ctx0, s, state_size*(n_kv - n_seqs), (kv_head + n_seqs)*state_size*ggml_element_size(s))));
+            ggml_view_1d(ctx0, s, state_size*(n_rs - n_seqs), (rs_head + n_seqs)*state_size*ggml_element_size(s))));
 
     return output_states;
 }
 
-llm_graph_input_rs * llm_graph_context::build_rs_inp() const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
+static std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_rs> build_rs_inp_impl(
+           ggml_context * ctx0,
+     const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+    const llama_memory_recurrent_context * mctx_cur) {
 
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_rs>(kv_state);
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_rs>(mctx_cur);
 
-    const auto n_rs = kv_state->get_n_rs();
+    const int64_t n_rs   = mctx_cur->get_n_rs();
+    const int64_t n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
 
     inp->s_copy = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_rs);
     ggml_set_input(inp->s_copy);
 
-    return (llm_graph_input_rs *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+    inp->s_copy_main  = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, inp->s_copy, n_seqs, 0);
+    inp->s_copy_extra = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, inp->s_copy, n_rs - n_seqs, n_seqs * inp->s_copy->nb[0]);
+
+    inp->head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+    inp->rs_z = mctx_cur->get_rs_z();
+
+    return inp;
 }
 
-ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_rs(
-        llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
-        ggml_tensor * s,
-            int32_t   state_size,
-            int32_t   n_seqs,
-               bool   avoid_copies) const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
+llm_graph_input_rs * llm_graph_context::build_rs_inp() const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(mctx);
 
-    return build_rs(gf, s, inp->s_copy, state_size, n_seqs, kv_state->get_n_rs(), kv_state->get_head(), kv_state->get_size(), kv_state->get_rs_z(), avoid_copies);
+    auto inp = build_rs_inp_impl(ctx0, ubatch, mctx_cur);
+
+    return (llm_graph_input_rs *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_rs(
-        llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * inp,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
         ggml_tensor * s,
             int32_t   state_size,
             int32_t   n_seqs,
-               bool   avoid_copies) const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_state *>(mstate)->get_state_recr();
+        const llm_graph_get_rows_fn & get_state_rows) const {
+    const auto * kv_state = inp->mctx;
 
-    return build_rs(gf, s, inp->s_copy, state_size, n_seqs, kv_state->get_n_rs(), kv_state->get_head(), kv_state->get_size(), kv_state->get_rs_z(), avoid_copies);
+    return build_rs(s, inp->s_copy_main, inp->s_copy_extra, state_size, n_seqs,
+                    kv_state->get_n_rs(), kv_state->get_head(), kv_state->get_size(), kv_state->get_rs_z(),
+                    get_state_rows);
 }
 
 ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_rwkv_token_shift_load(
     llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
-           ggml_cgraph * gf,
     const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                 int   il) const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
+                   int   il) const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(mctx);
 
     const auto token_shift_count = hparams.token_shift_count;
 
     const int64_t n_seqs  = ubatch.n_seqs;
 
-    ggml_tensor * token_shift_all = kv_state->get_r_l(il);
+    ggml_tensor * token_shift_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
 
     ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rs(
-            inp, gf, token_shift_all,
+            inp, token_shift_all,
             hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
 
     token_shift = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, token_shift, hparams.n_embd, token_shift_count, n_seqs);
@@ -1547,28 +2421,110 @@ ggml_tensor * llm_graph_context::build_rwkv_token_shift_store(
          ggml_tensor * token_shift,
   const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
                  int   il) const {
-    const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(mctx);
 
     const auto token_shift_count = hparams.token_shift_count;
     const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
 
     const int64_t n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
 
-    const auto kv_head = kv_state->get_head();
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
 
     return ggml_cpy(
         ctx0,
         ggml_view_1d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd * n_seqs * token_shift_count, 0),
-        ggml_view_1d(ctx0, kv_state->get_r_l(il), hparams.n_embd_r()*n_seqs, hparams.n_embd_r()*kv_head*ggml_element_size(kv_state->get_r_l(il)))
+        ggml_view_1d(ctx0, mctx_cur->get_r_l(il), hparams.n_embd_r()*n_seqs, hparams.n_embd_r()*kv_head*ggml_element_size(mctx_cur->get_r_l(il)))
     );
 }
 
+llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * llm_graph_context::build_inp_mem_hybrid() const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_context *>(mctx);
+
+    auto inp_rs   = build_rs_inp_impl     (ctx0, ubatch, mctx_cur->get_recr());
+    auto inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_impl(ctx0, ubatch, hparams, cparams, mctx_cur->get_attn());
+
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid>(cparams, std::move(inp_attn), std::move(inp_rs), mctx_cur);
+
+    return (llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+}
+
+llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k * llm_graph_context::build_inp_mem_hybrid_k() const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_context *>(mctx);
+
+    auto inp_rs   = build_rs_inp_impl     (ctx0, ubatch, mctx_cur->get_recr());
+    auto inp_attn = build_attn_inp_k_impl(ctx0, ubatch, hparams, cparams, mctx_cur->get_attn());
+
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k>(cparams, std::move(inp_attn), std::move(inp_rs), mctx_cur);
+
+    return (llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+}
+
+llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa * llm_graph_context::build_inp_mem_hybrid_iswa() const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context *>(mctx);
+
+    auto inp_rs = build_rs_inp_impl(ctx0, ubatch, mctx_cur->get_recr());
+
+    // build iswa attention input
+    const auto * attn_ctx = mctx_cur->get_attn();
+
+    auto inp_attn = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa>(hparams, cparams, attn_ctx);
+
+    {
+        inp_attn->self_k_idxs = attn_ctx->get_base()->build_input_k_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+        inp_attn->self_v_idxs = attn_ctx->get_base()->build_input_v_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+
+        inp_attn->self_kq_mask = build_kq_mask(ctx0, attn_ctx->get_base(), ubatch, cparams);
+        ggml_set_input(inp_attn->self_kq_mask);
+
+        inp_attn->self_kq_mask_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_attn->self_kq_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp_attn->self_kq_mask;
+    }
+
+    {
+        inp_attn->self_k_idxs_swa = attn_ctx->get_swa()->build_input_k_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+        inp_attn->self_v_idxs_swa = attn_ctx->get_swa()->build_input_v_idxs(ctx0, ubatch);
+
+        inp_attn->self_kq_mask_swa = build_kq_mask(ctx0, attn_ctx->get_swa(), ubatch, cparams);
+        ggml_set_input(inp_attn->self_kq_mask_swa);
+
+        inp_attn->self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = cparams.flash_attn ? ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_attn->self_kq_mask_swa, GGML_TYPE_F16) : inp_attn->self_kq_mask_swa;
+    }
+
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa>(cparams, std::move(inp_attn), std::move(inp_rs), mctx_cur);
+
+    return (llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa *) res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+}
+
+void llm_graph_context::build_dense_out(
+    ggml_tensor * dense_2,
+    ggml_tensor * dense_2_b,
+    ggml_tensor * dense_3) const {
+    if (!cparams.embeddings || !(dense_2 || dense_2_b || dense_3)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * cur = res->t_embd_pooled != nullptr ? res->t_embd_pooled : res->t_embd;
+    GGML_ASSERT(cur != nullptr && "missing t_embd_pooled/t_embd");
+
+    if (dense_2) {
+        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, dense_2, cur);
+    }
+    if (dense_2_b) {
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, dense_2_b);
+    }
+    if (dense_3) {
+        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, dense_3, cur);
+    }
+    cb(cur, "result_embd_pooled", -1);
+    res->t_embd_pooled = cur;
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+
 void llm_graph_context::build_pooling(
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
         ggml_tensor * cls,
         ggml_tensor * cls_b,
         ggml_tensor * cls_out,
-        ggml_tensor * cls_out_b) const {
+        ggml_tensor * cls_out_b,
+        ggml_tensor * cls_norm) const {
     if (!cparams.embeddings) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1607,35 +2563,48 @@ void llm_graph_context::build_pooling(
             } break;
         case LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_RANK:
             {
-                ggml_tensor * inp_cls = build_inp_cls();
-                inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inp, inp_cls);
+                if (arch == LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT) {
+                    // modern bert gte reranker builds mean first then applies prediction head and classifier
+                    // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/modernbert/modular_modernbert.py#L1404-1411
+                    ggml_tensor * inp_mean = build_inp_mean();
+                    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, inp)), inp_mean);
+                } else {
+                    ggml_tensor * inp_cls = build_inp_cls();
+                    cur = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inp, inp_cls);
+                }
 
+                // classification head
+                // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/5af7d41e49bbfc8319f462eb45253dcb3863dfb7/src/transformers/models/roberta/modeling_roberta.py#L1566
                 if (cls) {
-                    // classification head
-                    // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/5af7d41e49bbfc8319f462eb45253dcb3863dfb7/src/transformers/models/roberta/modeling_roberta.py#L1566
-                    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, cls, inp);
+                    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, cls, cur);
                     if (cls_b) {
                         cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, cls_b);
                     }
-                    cur = ggml_tanh(ctx0, cur);
-
-                    // some models don't have `cls_out`, for example: https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en
-                    // https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en/blob/cb5347e43979c3084a890e3f99491952603ae1b7/modeling_bert.py#L884-L896
-                    if (cls_out) {
-                        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, cls_out, cur);
-                        if (cls_out_b) {
-                            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, cls_out_b);
-                        }
+                    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT) {
+                        cur = ggml_gelu(ctx0, cur);
+                    } else {
+                        cur = ggml_tanh(ctx0, cur);
                     }
-                } else if (cls_out) {
-                    // Single layer classification head (direct projection)
-                    // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/f4fc42216cd56ab6b68270bf80d811614d8d59e4/src/transformers/models/bert/modeling_bert.py#L1476
-                    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, cls_out, inp);
+                    if (cls_norm) {
+                        // head norm
+                        cur = build_norm(cur, cls_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, -1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // some models don't have `cls_out`, for example: https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en
+                // https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en/blob/cb5347e43979c3084a890e3f99491952603ae1b7/modeling_bert.py#L884-L896
+                // Single layer classification head (direct projection)
+                // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/f4fc42216cd56ab6b68270bf80d811614d8d59e4/src/transformers/models/bert/modeling_bert.py#L1476
+                if (cls_out) {
+                    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, cls_out, cur);
                     if (cls_out_b) {
                         cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, cls_out_b);
                     }
-                } else {
-                    GGML_ABORT("RANK pooling requires either cls+cls_b or cls_out+cls_out_b");
+                }
+
+                // softmax for qwen3 reranker
+                if (arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3 || arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL) {
+                    cur = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, cur);
                 }
             } break;
         default:
@@ -1650,6 +2619,94 @@ void llm_graph_context::build_pooling(
     ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
 }
 
+void llm_graph_context::build_sampling() const {
+    if (samplers.empty() || !res->t_logits) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::array<ggml_tensor *, 2> outs;
+    outs[0] = res->t_logits;
+
+    auto inp_sampling = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_sampling>(samplers);
+    res->add_input(std::move(inp_sampling));
+
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, int32_t> seq_to_logit_row;
+    int32_t logit_row_idx = 0;
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch.n_tokens; i++) {
+        if (ubatch.output[i]) {
+            llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch.seq_id[i][0];
+            seq_to_logit_row[seq_id] = logit_row_idx;
+            logit_row_idx++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // res->t_logits will contain logits for all tokens that want the logits calculated (logits=1 or output=1)
+    GGML_ASSERT(res->t_logits != nullptr && "missing t_logits tensor");
+
+    // add a dummy row of logits
+    // this trick makes the graph static, regardless of which samplers are activated
+    // this is important in order to minimize graph reallocations
+    ggml_tensor * logits_t = ggml_pad(ctx0, res->t_logits, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+
+    for (const auto & [seq_id, sampler] : samplers) {
+        const auto it = seq_to_logit_row.find(seq_id);
+
+        // inactive samplers always work on the first row
+        const auto row_idx = it != seq_to_logit_row.end() ? it->second : 0;
+        const int i_out    = it != seq_to_logit_row.end() ? 1          : 0;
+
+        ggml_tensor * logits_seq = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, logits_t, logits_t->ne[0], row_idx * logits_t->nb[1]);
+        ggml_format_name(logits_seq, "logits_seq_%d", seq_id);
+
+        struct llama_sampler_data data = {
+            /*.logits      =*/ logits_seq,
+            /*.probs       =*/ nullptr,
+            /*.sampled     =*/ nullptr,
+            /*.candidates  =*/ nullptr,
+        };
+
+        assert(sampler->iface->backend_apply);
+        sampler->iface->backend_apply(sampler, ctx0, gf, &data);
+
+        if (data.sampled != nullptr) {
+            res->t_sampled[seq_id] = data.sampled;
+            outs[1] = data.sampled;
+            ggml_build_forward_select(gf, outs.data(), outs.size(), i_out);
+        }
+
+        if (data.probs != nullptr) {
+            res->t_sampled_probs[seq_id] = data.probs;
+            outs[1] = data.probs;
+            ggml_build_forward_select(gf, outs.data(), outs.size(), i_out);
+        }
+
+        if (data.logits != nullptr) {
+            res->t_sampled_logits[seq_id] = data.logits;
+            outs[1] = data.logits;
+            ggml_build_forward_select(gf, outs.data(), outs.size(), i_out);
+        }
+
+        if (data.candidates != nullptr) {
+            res->t_candidates[seq_id] = data.candidates;
+            outs[1] = data.candidates;
+            ggml_build_forward_select(gf, outs.data(), outs.size(), i_out);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Call llama_sampler_accept_ggml after all samplers have been applied.
+    /*
+    for (const auto & [seq_id, sampler] : samplers) {
+        if (auto it = res->t_sampled.find(seq_id); it != res->t_sampled.end()) {
+            ggml_tensor * selected_token = it->second;
+            if (selected_token != nullptr) {
+                llama_sampler_accept_ggml(sampler, ctx0, gf, selected_token);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    */
+}
+
 int32_t llama_relative_position_bucket(llama_pos x, llama_pos y, uint64_t n_buckets, bool bidirectional) {
     // TODO move to hparams if a T5 variant appears that uses a different value
     const int64_t max_distance = 128;
@@ -1665,7 +2722,7 @@ int32_t llama_relative_position_bucket(llama_pos x, llama_pos y, uint64_t n_buck
 
     if (bidirectional) {
         relative_bucket += (relative_position > 0) * n_buckets;
-        relative_position = abs(relative_position);
+        relative_position = std::abs(relative_position);
     } else {
         relative_position = -std::min<int32_t>(relative_position, 0);
     }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.h
index 9e62fa60720..4855685ef71 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-graph.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "llama-arch.h"
+#include "llama-batch.h"
 #include "llama-hparams.h"
 #include "llama-adapter.h"
 
@@ -9,20 +10,21 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <functional>
+#include <map>
 
 struct ggml_cgraph;
 struct ggml_context;
 struct ggml_tensor;
 
-struct llama_ubatch;
 struct llama_cparams;
 
-struct llama_memory_state_i;
+struct llama_memory_context_i;
 
-class llama_kv_cache_unified_state;
-class llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state;
-class llama_memory_recurrent_state;
-class llama_memory_hybrid_state;
+class llama_kv_cache_context;
+class llama_kv_cache_iswa_context;
+class llama_memory_recurrent_context;
+class llama_memory_hybrid_context;
+class llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context;
 
 // certain models (typically multi-modal) can produce different types of graphs
 enum llm_graph_type {
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ enum llm_ffn_op_type {
     LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR,
     LLM_FFN_SWIGLU,
     LLM_FFN_GEGLU,
+    LLM_FFN_REGLU,
+    LLM_FFN_SWIGLU_OAI_MOE,
 };
 
 enum llm_ffn_gate_type {
@@ -68,29 +72,51 @@ struct llama_cross {
     std::vector<std::set<llama_seq_id>> seq_ids_enc;
 };
 
+struct llm_graph_params;
+
 //
 // llm_graph_input
 //
 
 class llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
+    llm_graph_input_i() {
+        const char * LLAMA_GRAPH_INPUT_DEBUG = getenv("LLAMA_GRAPH_INPUT_DEBUG");
+        debug = LLAMA_GRAPH_INPUT_DEBUG ? atoi(LLAMA_GRAPH_INPUT_DEBUG) : 0;
+    }
+
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_i() = default;
 
     virtual void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) = 0;
+
+    // return true if the resulting input tensors using the provided graph parameters would be
+    //   the same as the previous input tensors that we have currently stored in the object
+    virtual bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) {
+        // returning false here by default will prevent from reusing the graph if the check
+        //   for the input type has not been implemented yet
+        GGML_UNUSED(params);
+        return false;
+    }
+protected:
+    // env: LLAMA_GRAPH_INPUT_DEBUG
+    int debug = 0;
 };
 
 using llm_graph_input_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_i>;
 
-
 class llm_graph_input_embd : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
-    llm_graph_input_embd()          = default;
+    llm_graph_input_embd(int64_t n_embd) : n_embd(n_embd) {}
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_embd() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
     ggml_tensor * tokens = nullptr; // I32 [n_batch]
     ggml_tensor * embd   = nullptr; // F32 [n_embd, n_batch]
+
+    const int64_t n_embd = 0;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_pos : public llm_graph_input_i {
@@ -100,6 +126,8 @@ class llm_graph_input_pos : public llm_graph_input_i {
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
     ggml_tensor * pos = nullptr; // I32 [n_batch]
 
     const uint32_t n_pos_per_embd = 1;
@@ -108,8 +136,8 @@ class llm_graph_input_pos : public llm_graph_input_i {
 // temperature tuning, used by llama4
 class llm_graph_input_attn_temp : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
-    llm_graph_input_attn_temp(uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale, float f_attn_temp_scale)
-        : n_attn_temp_floor_scale(n_attn_temp_floor_scale), f_attn_temp_scale(f_attn_temp_scale) {}
+    llm_graph_input_attn_temp(uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale, float f_attn_temp_scale, float f_attn_temp_offset)
+        : n_attn_temp_floor_scale(n_attn_temp_floor_scale), f_attn_temp_scale(f_attn_temp_scale), f_attn_temp_offset(f_attn_temp_offset) {}
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_attn_temp() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
@@ -118,6 +146,7 @@ class llm_graph_input_attn_temp : public llm_graph_input_i {
 
     const uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale;
     const float    f_attn_temp_scale;
+    const float    f_attn_temp_offset;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_pos_bucket : public llm_graph_input_i {
@@ -129,22 +158,23 @@ class llm_graph_input_pos_bucket : public llm_graph_input_i {
 
     ggml_tensor * pos_bucket = nullptr; // I32 [n_batch, n_batch]
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
+    const llama_hparams hparams;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
     llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv(
             const llama_hparams & hparams,
-            const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * kv_state) : hparams(hparams), kv_state(kv_state) {}
+            const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx) : hparams(hparams), mctx(mctx) {}
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
     ggml_tensor * pos_bucket = nullptr; // I32 [n_kv, n_batch]
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * kv_state;
+    const llama_hparams hparams;
+
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_out_ids : public llm_graph_input_i {
@@ -152,17 +182,19 @@ class llm_graph_input_out_ids : public llm_graph_input_i {
     llm_graph_input_out_ids(
             const llama_hparams & hparams,
             const llama_cparams & cparams,
-            int32_t n_outputs) : hparams(hparams), cparams(cparams), n_outputs(n_outputs) {}
+            uint32_t n_outputs) : hparams(hparams), cparams(cparams), n_outputs(n_outputs) {}
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_out_ids() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
     ggml_tensor * out_ids; // I32 [n_outputs]
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
+    const llama_hparams hparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
 
-    const int32_t n_outputs;
+    const uint32_t n_outputs;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_mean : public llm_graph_input_i {
@@ -174,31 +206,43 @@ class llm_graph_input_mean : public llm_graph_input_i {
 
     ggml_tensor * mean; // F32 [n_batch, n_batch]
 
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_cls : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
-    llm_graph_input_cls(const llama_cparams & cparams) : cparams(cparams) {}
+    llm_graph_input_cls(const llama_cparams & cparams, const llm_arch arch) : cparams(cparams), arch(arch) {}
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_cls() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
     ggml_tensor * cls; // I32 [n_batch]
 
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
+    const llm_arch arch;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_rs : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
-    llm_graph_input_rs(const llama_memory_recurrent_state * mem_state) : mem_state(mem_state) {}
+    llm_graph_input_rs(const llama_memory_recurrent_context * mctx) : mctx(mctx) {}
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_rs() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
-    ggml_tensor * s_copy; // I32 [kv_size]
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
+    ggml_tensor * s_copy;  // I32 [n_rs]
 
-    const llama_memory_recurrent_state * mem_state;
+    // views of s_copy, computed once per graph
+    // and shared across layers which use build_rs
+    ggml_tensor * s_copy_main;   // I32 [n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * s_copy_extra;  // I32 [n_rs - n_seqs]
+
+    const llama_memory_recurrent_context * mctx;
+
+    // used in view offsets, need to match for valid graph reuse
+    uint32_t head;
+    int32_t rs_z;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_cross_embd : public llm_graph_input_i {
@@ -224,66 +268,126 @@ class llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache : public llm_graph_input_i {
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
-    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask() const { return kq_mask_cnv; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask()     const { return self_kq_mask_cnv; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask_swa() const { return self_kq_mask_swa_cnv; }
 
-    ggml_tensor * kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_tokens, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_tokens, n_batch]
+    // n_tokens == n_batch
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask         = nullptr; // F32 [n_tokens, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv     = nullptr; //     [n_tokens, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa     = nullptr; // F32 [n_tokens, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_tokens, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
+    const llama_hparams hparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
 };
 
-class llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified : public llm_graph_input_i {
+class llm_graph_input_attn_kv : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
-    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified(
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv(
             const llama_hparams & hparams,
             const llama_cparams & cparams,
-            const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * kv_state) :
+            const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx) :
         hparams(hparams),
         cparams(cparams),
-        kv_state(kv_state) {
+        mctx(mctx) {
     }
-    ~llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified() = default;
+    ~llm_graph_input_attn_kv() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
+    ggml_tensor * get_k_idxs() const { return self_k_idxs; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_v_idxs() const { return self_v_idxs; }
+
     ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask() const { return self_kq_mask_cnv; }
 
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch]
+    ggml_tensor * self_k_idxs = nullptr; // I64 [n_batch]
+    ggml_tensor * self_v_idxs = nullptr; // I64 [n_batch] or [n_batch*n_embd_v_gqa]
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
 
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * kv_state;
+    // note: these have to be copies because in order to be able to reuse a graph, its inputs
+    //       need to carry these parameters with them. otherwise, they can point to freed
+    //       llm_graph_params from a previous batch, causing stack-use-after-return
+    const llama_hparams hparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
+
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx;
 };
 
-class llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa : public llm_graph_input_i {
+// V-less input for the KV cache
+// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/19067
+class llm_graph_input_attn_k : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
-    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa(
+    llm_graph_input_attn_k(
             const llama_hparams & hparams,
             const llama_cparams & cparams,
-            const llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state * kv_state) :
+            const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx) :
         hparams(hparams),
         cparams(cparams),
-        kv_state(kv_state) {
+        mctx(mctx) {
     }
-    ~llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa() = default;
+    ~llm_graph_input_attn_k() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
+    ggml_tensor * get_k_idxs() const { return self_k_idxs; }
+
+    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask() const { return self_kq_mask_cnv; }
+
+    ggml_tensor * self_k_idxs = nullptr; // I64 [n_batch]
+
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+
+    const llama_hparams hparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
+
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * mctx;
+};
+
+class llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa : public llm_graph_input_i {
+public:
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa(
+            const llama_hparams & hparams,
+            const llama_cparams & cparams,
+            const llama_kv_cache_iswa_context * mctx) :
+        hparams(hparams),
+        cparams(cparams),
+        mctx(mctx) {
+    }
+    ~llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa() = default;
+
+    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
+
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
+    ggml_tensor * get_k_idxs()     const { return self_k_idxs; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_v_idxs()     const { return self_v_idxs; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_k_idxs_swa() const { return self_k_idxs_swa; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_v_idxs_swa() const { return self_v_idxs_swa; }
+
     ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask()     const { return self_kq_mask_cnv; }
     ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask_swa() const { return self_kq_mask_swa_cnv; }
 
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask         = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv     = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa     = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch]
+    ggml_tensor * self_k_idxs     = nullptr; // I64 [n_batch]
+    ggml_tensor * self_v_idxs     = nullptr; // I64 [n_batch] or [n_batch*n_embd_v_gqa]
+    ggml_tensor * self_k_idxs_swa = nullptr; // I64 [n_batch]
+    ggml_tensor * self_v_idxs_swa = nullptr; // I64 [n_batch] or [n_batch*n_embd_v_gqa]
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask         = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv     = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa     = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
+    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch/n_stream, 1, n_stream]
 
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state * kv_state;
+    const llama_hparams hparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
+
+    const llama_kv_cache_iswa_context * mctx;
 };
 
 class llm_graph_input_attn_cross : public llm_graph_input_i {
@@ -295,8 +399,8 @@ class llm_graph_input_attn_cross : public llm_graph_input_i {
 
     ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask_cross() const { return cross_kq_mask_cnv; }
 
-    ggml_tensor * cross_kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_outputs_enc, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * cross_kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; // F32 [n_outputs_enc, n_batch]
+    ggml_tensor * cross_kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_outputs_enc, n_batch, 1, 1]
+    ggml_tensor * cross_kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; // F32 [n_outputs_enc, n_batch, 1, 1]
 
     const llama_cross * cross = nullptr;
 };
@@ -304,28 +408,97 @@ class llm_graph_input_attn_cross : public llm_graph_input_i {
 class llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid : public llm_graph_input_i {
 public:
     llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid(
-            const llama_hparams & hparams,
             const llama_cparams & cparams,
-            const llama_memory_hybrid_state * mem_state) :
-        hparams(hparams),
+            std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_kv> inp_attn,
+            std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_rs>      inp_rs,
+            const llama_memory_hybrid_context *      mctx) :
+        inp_attn(std::move(inp_attn)),
+        inp_rs(std::move(inp_rs)),
         cparams(cparams),
-        mem_state(mem_state) {
-    }
+        mctx(mctx) { }
     virtual ~llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid() = default;
 
     void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
 
-    ggml_tensor * s_copy; // I32 [kv_size]
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
 
-    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask() const { return self_kq_mask_cnv; }
+    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_kv> inp_attn;
+    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_rs>      inp_rs;
 
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch]
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv * get_attn() const { return inp_attn.get(); }
+    llm_graph_input_rs      * get_recr() const { return inp_rs.get(); }
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
+
+    const llama_memory_hybrid_context * mctx;
+};
+
+class llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k : public llm_graph_input_i {
+public:
+    llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k(
+            const llama_cparams & cparams,
+            std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_k> inp_attn,
+            std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_rs>      inp_rs,
+            const llama_memory_hybrid_context *      mctx) :
+        inp_attn(std::move(inp_attn)),
+        inp_rs(std::move(inp_rs)),
+        cparams(cparams),
+        mctx(mctx) { }
+    virtual ~llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k() = default;
+
+    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
+
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_k> inp_attn;
+    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_rs>      inp_rs;
+
+    llm_graph_input_attn_k * get_attn() const { return inp_attn.get(); }
+    llm_graph_input_rs      * get_recr() const { return inp_rs.get(); }
+
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
+
+    const llama_memory_hybrid_context * mctx;
+};
+
+class llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa : public llm_graph_input_i {
+public:
+    llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa(
+            const llama_cparams & cparams,
+            std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa> inp_attn,
+            std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_rs>          inp_rs,
+            const llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context *     mctx) :
+        inp_attn(std::move(inp_attn)),
+        inp_rs(std::move(inp_rs)),
+        cparams(cparams),
+        mctx(mctx) { }
+    virtual ~llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa() = default;
+
+    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
+
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa> inp_attn;
+    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_rs>          inp_rs;
+
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa * get_attn() const { return inp_attn.get(); }
+    llm_graph_input_rs           * get_recr() const { return inp_rs.get(); }
 
-    const llama_memory_hybrid_state * mem_state;
+    const llama_cparams cparams;
+
+    const llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context * mctx;
+};
+
+class llm_graph_input_sampling : public llm_graph_input_i {
+public:
+    llm_graph_input_sampling(std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> samplers) :
+        samplers(std::move(samplers)) { }
+    virtual ~llm_graph_input_sampling() = default;
+
+    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params) override;
+
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> samplers;
 };
 
 //
@@ -338,78 +511,191 @@ class llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid : public llm_graph_input_i {
 // along with the input tensors, the object also provides commonly used outputs tensors, such as logits, embeddings, etc.
 //   these are used by the llama_context to extact the relevant data, based on the compute parameters
 
-class llm_graph_result_i {
-public:
-    virtual ~llm_graph_result_i() = default;
+// callback that allows us to apply custom logic to each tensor (e.g. ggml-alloc, offloading, etc.)
+using llm_graph_cb = std::function<void(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, ggml_tensor * cur, const char * name, int il)>;
 
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_tokens()      = 0;
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_logits()      = 0;
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_embd()        = 0;
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_embd_pooled() = 0;
+class llm_graph_result;
 
-    virtual void set_inputs(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) = 0;
-};
+struct llm_graph_params {
+    llm_arch arch = LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN;
 
-using llm_graph_result_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_result_i>;
+    llama_hparams hparams;
+    llama_cparams cparams;
 
+    llama_ubatch ubatch; // note: intentionally make a copy
 
-class llm_graph_result : public llm_graph_result_i {
-public:
-    virtual ~llm_graph_result() = default;
+    llm_graph_type gtype;
+
+    ggml_backend_sched_t sched;
+    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu;
+
+    const llama_adapter_cvec     * cvec;
+    const llama_adapter_loras    * loras;
+    const llama_memory_context_i * mctx;
+    const llama_cross            * cross;
 
-    ggml_tensor * get_tokens()      override { return t_tokens; }
-    ggml_tensor * get_logits()      override { return t_logits; }
-    ggml_tensor * get_embd()        override { return t_embd; }
-    ggml_tensor * get_embd_pooled() override { return t_embd_pooled; }
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> samplers;
 
-    void set_inputs(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override {
-        for (auto & input : inputs) {
-            input->set_input(ubatch);
+    static bool samplers_equal(
+          const std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> & lhs,
+          const std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> & rhs) {
+        if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) {
+            return false;
         }
+        for (const auto & [seq_id, sampler] : lhs) {
+            auto it = rhs.find(seq_id);
+            if (it == rhs.end() || it->second != sampler) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
-    llm_graph_input_i * add_input(llm_graph_input_ptr input) {
-        inputs.emplace_back(std::move(input));
-        return inputs.back().get();
+    uint32_t n_outputs;
+
+    llm_graph_cb cb;
+
+    llm_graph_result * res;
+
+    // return true if the "other" params would result in a graph with the same topology as with the current params
+    //   having the same topology allows us to reuse the graph in some cases
+    bool allow_reuse(const llm_graph_params & other) const {
+        // first check the ubatch
+        bool can_reuse_ubatch =
+            ubatch.equal_seqs() == other.ubatch.equal_seqs() &&
+            ubatch.n_tokens     == other.ubatch.n_tokens &&
+            ubatch.n_seq_tokens == other.ubatch.n_seq_tokens &&
+            ubatch.n_seqs       == other.ubatch.n_seqs &&
+            ubatch.n_seqs_unq   == other.ubatch.n_seqs_unq &&
+            (
+                (!ubatch.token && !other.ubatch.token) ||
+                (!ubatch.embd  && !other.ubatch.embd)
+            );
+
+        // when we split the batch using "equal_seqs" we have to verify that the participating sequences are the same
+        //   the reason is because the set of attention streams would be different for different sequences
+        if (can_reuse_ubatch && ubatch.equal_seqs()) {
+            if (!ubatch.data) {
+                // if the old ubatch does not own it's data, then we cannot guarantee that it is still alive, and
+                //   therefore we cannot perform the sequence id check. normally should never happen
+                can_reuse_ubatch = false;
+            } else {
+                for (uint32_t s = 0; s < ubatch.n_seqs_unq; ++s) {
+                    can_reuse_ubatch &= ubatch.seq_id_unq[s] == other.ubatch.seq_id_unq[s];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!can_reuse_ubatch) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (n_outputs != other.n_outputs) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!samplers_equal(samplers, other.samplers)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (samplers.size() > 0) {
+            if (!ubatch.data || !other.ubatch.data) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // check that the outputs are the same for all samplers
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch.n_tokens; ++i) {
+                if (ubatch.output[i]    != other.ubatch.output[i] ||
+                    ubatch.seq_id[i][0] != other.ubatch.seq_id[i][0]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return
+            cparams.embeddings  == other.cparams.embeddings  &&
+            cparams.causal_attn == other.cparams.causal_attn &&
+            arch  == other.arch  &&
+            gtype == other.gtype &&
+            cvec  == other.cvec  &&
+            loras == other.loras &&
+            cross == other.cross;
     }
+};
+
+class llm_graph_result {
+public:
+    llm_graph_result(int64_t max_nodes);
+
+    virtual ~llm_graph_result() = default;
+
+    ggml_tensor * get_inp_tokens()  const { return t_inp_tokens; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_logits()      const { return t_logits; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_embd()        const { return t_embd; }
+    ggml_tensor * get_embd_pooled() const { return t_embd_pooled; }
+
+    ggml_cgraph  * get_gf()  const { return gf; }
+    ggml_context * get_ctx() const { return ctx_compute.get(); }
+
+    int64_t get_max_nodes() const;
+
+    void reset();
+
+    void set_inputs(const llama_ubatch * ubatch);
+    void set_outputs();
+
+    // try to update the existing graph result using the new graph parameters in order to reuse it
+    // this can only be done if we determine that the resulting graph using the new graph parameters
+    //   would be identical to the existing graph. in that case, we simply have to update the memory
+    //   contexts of the input tensors of the graph and we can reuse it for another computation
+    // return true if the graph was updated and can be reused
+    bool can_reuse(const llm_graph_params & params);
+
+    llm_graph_input_i * add_input(llm_graph_input_ptr input);
+
+    void set_params(const llm_graph_params & params);
 
     // important graph nodes
-    ggml_tensor * t_tokens      = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * t_inp_tokens  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * t_inp_embd    = nullptr; // [n_embd_inp, n_tokens]
     ggml_tensor * t_logits      = nullptr;
     ggml_tensor * t_embd        = nullptr;
     ggml_tensor * t_embd_pooled = nullptr;
 
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, ggml_tensor*> t_sampled_logits;
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, ggml_tensor*> t_candidates;
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, ggml_tensor*> t_sampled;
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, ggml_tensor*> t_sampled_probs;
+
     std::vector<llm_graph_input_ptr> inputs;
-};
 
-//
-// llm_graph_context
-//
+    ggml_context_ptr ctx_compute;
 
-// callback that allows us to apply custom logic to each tensor (e.g. ggml-alloc, offloading, etc.)
-using llm_graph_cb = std::function<void(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, ggml_tensor * cur, const char * name, int il)>;
+    // memory buffers used to evaluate the model
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buf_compute_meta;
 
-struct llm_graph_params {
-    ggml_context * ctx;
+    ggml_cgraph * gf;
 
-    const llm_arch arch;
+    int64_t max_nodes;
 
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-    const llama_ubatch  & ubatch;
+private:
+    // keep a copy of the previous graph parameters
+    // we will use this to determine whether the graph can be reused by comparing them with the new parameters
+    // note: these are updated after constructing the new graph
+    llm_graph_params params;
 
-    ggml_backend_sched_t sched;
-    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu;
+    // env: LLAMA_GRAPH_RESULT_DEBUG
+    int debug = 0;
+};
 
-    const llama_adapter_cvec   * cvec;
-    const llama_adapter_loras  * loras;
-    const llama_memory_state_i * mstate;
-    const llama_cross          * cross;
+using llm_graph_result_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_result>;
 
-    uint32_t n_outputs;
+//
+// llm_graph_context
+//
 
-    const llm_graph_cb & cb;
-};
+// used in build_rs to properly order writes and avoid unnecessary copies
+using llm_graph_get_rows_fn = std::function<ggml_tensor * (ggml_context *, ggml_tensor * states, ggml_tensor * ids)>;
 
 struct llm_graph_context {
     const llm_arch arch;
@@ -447,22 +733,26 @@ struct llm_graph_context {
     const enum llama_pooling_type pooling_type;
     const enum llama_rope_type    rope_type;
 
-    ggml_context * ctx0 = nullptr;
-
     ggml_backend_sched_t sched;
 
     ggml_backend_t backend_cpu; // TODO: needed by build_attn_mha, figure out a way to remove?
 
-    const llama_adapter_cvec   * cvec;
-    const llama_adapter_loras  * loras;
-    const llama_memory_state_i * mstate;
-    const llama_cross          * cross;
+    const llama_adapter_cvec     * cvec;
+    const llama_adapter_loras    * loras;
+    const llama_memory_context_i * mctx;
+    const llama_cross            * cross;
+
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_sampler *> samplers;
 
     const llm_graph_cb & cb_func;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_result> res;
+    llm_graph_result * res;
+
+    ggml_context * ctx0 = nullptr;
+    ggml_cgraph  * gf   = nullptr;
 
     llm_graph_context(const llm_graph_params & params);
+    virtual ~llm_graph_context() = default;
 
     void cb(ggml_tensor * cur, const char * name, int il) const;
 
@@ -474,10 +764,11 @@ struct llm_graph_context {
              ggml_tensor * cur,
                      int   il) const;
 
-    // do mat_mul, while optionally apply lora
+    // do mat_mul, while optionally apply lora and per-tensor scale
     ggml_tensor * build_lora_mm(
               ggml_tensor * w,
-              ggml_tensor * cur) const;
+              ggml_tensor * cur,
+              ggml_tensor * w_s = nullptr) const;
 
     // do mat_mul_id, while optionally apply lora
     ggml_tensor * build_lora_mm_id(
@@ -508,6 +799,7 @@ struct llm_graph_context {
        llm_ffn_gate_type   type_gate,
                      int   il) const;
 
+    // build MoE FFN without bias tensors
     ggml_tensor * build_moe_ffn(
              ggml_tensor * cur,
              ggml_tensor * gate_inp,
@@ -519,10 +811,39 @@ struct llm_graph_context {
                  int64_t   n_expert_used,
          llm_ffn_op_type   type_op,
                     bool   norm_w,
-                    bool   scale_w,
                    float   w_scale,
             llama_expert_gating_func_type gating_op,
-                     int   il) const;
+                     int   il,
+             ggml_tensor * probs_in = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_up_exps = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * up_exps_s = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_exps_s = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * down_exps_s = nullptr) const;
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_moe_ffn(
+             ggml_tensor * cur,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_inp,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_inp_b,
+             ggml_tensor * up_exps,
+             ggml_tensor * up_exps_b,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_exps,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_exps_b,
+             ggml_tensor * down_exps,
+             ggml_tensor * down_exps_b,
+             ggml_tensor * exp_probs_b,
+                 int64_t   n_expert,
+                 int64_t   n_expert_used,
+         llm_ffn_op_type   type_op,
+                    bool   norm_w,
+                   float   w_scale,
+            llama_expert_gating_func_type gating_op,
+                     int   il,
+             ggml_tensor * probs_in = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_up_exps = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_up_exps_b = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * up_exps_s = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * gate_exps_s = nullptr,
+             ggml_tensor * down_exps_s = nullptr) const;
 
     //
     // inputs
@@ -540,155 +861,170 @@ struct llm_graph_context {
     ggml_tensor * build_inp_pos_bucket_dec() const;
     ggml_tensor * build_pos_bias(ggml_tensor * pos_bucket, ggml_tensor * attn_rel_b) const;
 
-    llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * build_inp_mem_hybrid() const;
-
     //
     // attention
     //
 
     ggml_tensor * build_attn_mha(
-             ggml_cgraph * gf,
-             ggml_tensor * q,       // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
-             ggml_tensor * k,       // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
-             ggml_tensor * v,       // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens] (v_trans == false)
-             ggml_tensor * kq_b,
-             ggml_tensor * kq_mask,
-             ggml_tensor * v_mla,   // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
-                   float   kq_scale) const;
+            ggml_tensor * q,       // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
+            ggml_tensor * k,       // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
+            ggml_tensor * v,       // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens] (v_trans == false)
+            ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+            ggml_tensor * kq_mask,
+            ggml_tensor * sinks,   // [n_head_q]
+            ggml_tensor * v_mla,   // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
+                  float   kq_scale,
+                    int   il) const;
 
     llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache * build_attn_inp_no_cache() const;
 
     ggml_tensor * build_attn(
             llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
             ggml_tensor * wo,
             ggml_tensor * wo_b,
             ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+            ggml_tensor * sinks, // [n_head_q]
             ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
                   float   kq_scale,
                     int   il) const;
 
-    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified * build_attn_inp_kv_unified() const;
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv * build_attn_inp_kv() const;
 
     ggml_tensor * build_attn(
-            llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
+            llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp,
             ggml_tensor * wo,
             ggml_tensor * wo_b,
             ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * kq_b,
-            ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
+            ggml_tensor * sinks, // [n_head_q]
+            ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v] // TODO: remove
                   float   kq_scale,
                     int   il) const;
 
-    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa * build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa() const;
+    llm_graph_input_attn_k  * build_attn_inp_k() const;
 
     ggml_tensor * build_attn(
-            llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
+            llm_graph_input_attn_k * inp,
             ggml_tensor * wo,
             ggml_tensor * wo_b,
             ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+            ggml_tensor * sinks, // [n_head_q]
             ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
                   float   kq_scale,
                     int   il) const;
 
-    llm_graph_input_attn_cross * build_attn_inp_cross() const;
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa * build_attn_inp_kv_iswa() const;
 
+    // note: if k_cur or v_cur are not provided, they will not be stored in the memory
     ggml_tensor * build_attn(
-            llm_graph_input_attn_cross * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
+            llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa * inp,
             ggml_tensor * wo,
             ggml_tensor * wo_b,
             ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
+            ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens] optional
+            ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens] optional
             ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+            ggml_tensor * sinks, // [n_head_q]
             ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
                   float   kq_scale,
                     int   il) const;
 
+    llm_graph_input_attn_cross * build_attn_inp_cross() const;
+
     ggml_tensor * build_attn(
-            llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
+            llm_graph_input_attn_cross * inp,
             ggml_tensor * wo,
             ggml_tensor * wo_b,
             ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
             ggml_tensor * kq_b,
+            ggml_tensor * sinks, // [n_head_q]
             ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
                   float   kq_scale,
                     int   il) const;
+
     //
     // recurrent
     //
 
-    // TODO: avoid notion of "kv"
     // TODO: move this implementation to llama_memory_recurrent.
-    //       this is analogous to llama_kv_cache_unified::cpy_k / cpy_v
+    //       this is analogous to llama_kv_cache::cpy_k / cpy_v
     //       when moving, avoid passing `ggml_cgraph` - only pass `ggml_context`. would likely need to split the
     //         implementation in 2 separate methods. the goal is to avoid calling `ggml_build_forward_expand` in
     //         `llama_memory_recurrent`
     ggml_tensor * build_rs(
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
             ggml_tensor * s,
-            ggml_tensor * state_copy,
+            ggml_tensor * state_copy_main,
+            ggml_tensor * state_copy_extra,
                 int32_t   state_size,
                 int32_t   n_seqs,
-               uint32_t   n_kv,
-               uint32_t   kv_head,
-               uint32_t   kv_size,
+               uint32_t   n_rs,
+               uint32_t   rs_head,
+               uint32_t   rs_size,
                 int32_t   rs_zero,
-                   bool   avoid_copies = false) const;
+            const llm_graph_get_rows_fn & get_state_rows = ggml_get_rows) const;
 
     llm_graph_input_rs * build_rs_inp() const;
 
     ggml_tensor * build_rs(
             llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-            ggml_tensor * s,
-                int32_t   state_size,
-                int32_t   n_seqs,
-                   bool   avoid_copies = false) const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_rs(
-            llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
             ggml_tensor * s,
                 int32_t   state_size,
                 int32_t   n_seqs,
-                   bool   avoid_copies = false) const;
+            const llm_graph_get_rows_fn & get_state_rows = ggml_get_rows) const;
 
     ggml_tensor * build_rwkv_token_shift_load(
         llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
-               ggml_cgraph * gf,
         const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                     int   il) const;
+                       int   il) const;
 
     ggml_tensor * build_rwkv_token_shift_store(
              ggml_tensor * token_shift,
       const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
                      int   il) const;
+    //
+    // hybrid
+    //
+
+    llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid * build_inp_mem_hybrid() const;
+    llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_k * build_inp_mem_hybrid_k() const;
+
+    llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa * build_inp_mem_hybrid_iswa() const;
 
     //
     // pooling
     //
 
     void build_pooling(
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
             ggml_tensor * cls,
             ggml_tensor * cls_b,
             ggml_tensor * cls_out,
-            ggml_tensor * cls_out_b) const;
+            ggml_tensor * cls_out_b,
+            ggml_tensor * cls_norm) const;
+
+    //
+    // sampling (backend sampling)
+    //
+
+    void build_sampling() const;
+
+    //
+    // dense (out)
+    //
+
+    void build_dense_out(
+            ggml_tensor * dense_2,
+            ggml_tensor * dense_2_b,
+            ggml_tensor * dense_3) const;
 };
 
 // TODO: better name
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.cpp
index bba7a12dc54..002d15d415f 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,18 @@
 
 #include "ggml.h"
 
-void llama_hparams::set_swa_pattern(uint32_t n_pattern) {
-    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-        swa_layers[il] = n_pattern == 0 || (il % n_pattern < (n_pattern - 1));
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+
+void llama_hparams::set_swa_pattern(uint32_t n_pattern, bool dense_first) {
+    if (dense_first) {
+        for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+            swa_layers[il] = n_pattern == 0 || (il % n_pattern != 0);
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+            swa_layers[il] = n_pattern == 0 || (il % n_pattern < (n_pattern - 1));
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -53,16 +62,94 @@ uint32_t llama_hparams::n_gqa(uint32_t il) const {
     return n_head/n_head_kv;
 }
 
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_rot(uint32_t il) const {
+    if (il < n_layer) {
+        return is_swa(il) ? n_rot_swa : n_rot_full;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_inp() const {
+    uint32_t n_embd_inp = n_embd;
+
+    if (n_deepstack_layers > 0) {
+        n_embd_inp += n_embd * n_deepstack_layers;
+    }
+
+    return n_embd_inp;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_out() const {
+    return n_embd_out_impl > 0 ? n_embd_out_impl : n_embd;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_head_k(uint32_t il) const {
+    if (il < n_layer) {
+        return is_swa(il) ? n_embd_head_k_swa : n_embd_head_k_full;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_head_v(uint32_t il) const {
+    if (il < n_layer) {
+        return is_swa(il) ? n_embd_head_v_swa : n_embd_head_v_full;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
 uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_k_gqa(uint32_t il) const {
     const uint32_t n_head_kv = this->n_head_kv(il);
 
-    return n_embd_head_k * n_head_kv;
+    return n_embd_head_k(il) * n_head_kv;
 }
 
 uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_v_gqa(uint32_t il) const {
     const uint32_t n_head_kv = this->n_head_kv(il);
 
-    return n_embd_head_v * n_head_kv;
+    return n_embd_head_v(il) * n_head_kv;
+}
+
+bool llama_hparams::is_n_embd_k_gqa_variable() const {
+    const uint32_t val = n_embd_k_gqa();
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        if (val != n_embd_k_gqa(il)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool llama_hparams::is_n_embd_v_gqa_variable() const {
+    const uint32_t val = n_embd_v_gqa();
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        if (val != n_embd_v_gqa(il)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_k_gqa_max() const {
+    uint32_t val = n_embd_k_gqa();
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        val = std::max(val, n_embd_k_gqa(il));
+    }
+
+    return val;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_v_gqa_max() const {
+    uint32_t val = n_embd_v_gqa();
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        val = std::max(val, n_embd_v_gqa(il));
+    }
+
+    return val;
 }
 
 uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_r() const {
@@ -71,9 +158,22 @@ uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_r() const {
         return token_shift_count * n_embd;
     }
 
+    if (n_shortconv_l_cache != 0) {
+        // for LFM2 models
+        return n_embd * (n_shortconv_l_cache - 1);
+    }
+
+    if (n_embd_head_kda != 0) {
+        // for Kimi KDA layers
+        // Conv state for Q, K, V: 3 * (d_conv - 1) * n_head * head_dim
+        const uint32_t d_inner = n_head() * n_embd_head_kda;  // 32 * 128 = 4096
+        return 3 * (ssm_d_conv > 0 ? ssm_d_conv - 1 : 3) * d_inner;
+    }
+
     // TODO: maybe support other convolution strides than 1
     // NOTE: since the first column of the conv_state is shifted out each time, it's not actually needed
-    return (ssm_d_conv > 0 ? ssm_d_conv - 1 : 0) * ssm_d_inner;
+    // Corresponds to Mamba's conv_states size
+    return (ssm_d_conv > 0 ? ssm_d_conv - 1 : 0) * (ssm_d_inner + 2*ssm_n_group*ssm_d_state);
 }
 
 uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_s() const {
@@ -82,16 +182,27 @@ uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_s() const {
         return n_embd * wkv_head_size;
     }
 
+    if (n_embd_head_kda != 0) {
+        // for Kimi KDA layers
+        // Full recurrent state: head_dim * head_dim * n_head
+        // h tensor shape for delta attention: [head_dim, head_dim, n_head]
+        return n_embd_head_kda * n_embd_head_kda * n_head();  // 128 * 128 * 32 = 524288
+    }
+
     // corresponds to Mamba's ssm_states size
     return ssm_d_state * ssm_d_inner;
 }
 
 bool llama_hparams::is_recurrent(uint32_t il) const {
-    return recurrent_layer_arr[il];
+    if (il < n_layer) {
+        return recurrent_layer_arr[il];
+    }
+
+    GGML_ABORT("%s: il (%u) out of bounds (n_layer: %u)\n", __func__, il, n_layer);
 }
 
 uint32_t llama_hparams::n_pos_per_embd() const {
-    return rope_type == LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE ? 4 : 1;
+    return rope_type == LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE || rope_type == LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE ? 4 : 1;
 }
 
 bool llama_hparams::is_swa(uint32_t il) const {
@@ -101,3 +212,47 @@ bool llama_hparams::is_swa(uint32_t il) const {
 
     GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
 }
+
+bool llama_hparams::is_mla() const {
+    assert((n_embd_head_k_mla_impl == 0 && n_embd_head_v_mla_impl == 0) ||
+           (n_embd_head_k_mla_impl != 0 && n_embd_head_v_mla_impl != 0));
+
+    return n_embd_head_k_mla_impl != 0 && n_embd_head_v_mla_impl != 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_head_k_mla() const {
+    return is_mla() ? n_embd_head_k_mla_impl : n_embd_head_k();
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_embd_head_v_mla() const {
+    return is_mla() ? n_embd_head_v_mla_impl : n_embd_head_v();
+}
+
+bool llama_hparams::has_kv(uint32_t il) const {
+    if (n_layer_kv_from_start >= 0) {
+        if (il < (uint32_t) n_layer_kv_from_start) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // by default, all layers have kv
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_hparams::n_layer_kv() const {
+    uint32_t res = 0;
+
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        if (has_kv(il)) {
+            res++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+bool llama_hparams::use_mrope() const {
+    return rope_sections[0] > 0 && rope_sections[1] > 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.h
index 7b315a9a74b..78c0bc27d4d 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-hparams.h
@@ -3,21 +3,24 @@
 #include "llama.h"
 
 #include <array>
+#include <cassert>
 
 // bump if necessary
 #define LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS  512
-#define LLAMA_MAX_EXPERTS 256  // DeepSeekV3
+#define LLAMA_MAX_EXPERTS 512 // Qwen3 Next
 
 enum llama_expert_gating_func_type {
-    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE    = 0,
-    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX = 1,
-    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID = 2,
+    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE           = 0,
+    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX        = 1,
+    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID        = 2,
+    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT = 3, // applied to the router weights instead of the logits
 };
 
 enum llama_swa_type {
-    LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE     = 0,
-    LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD = 1,
-    LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED  = 2,
+    LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE      = 0,
+    LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD  = 1,
+    LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED   = 2,
+    LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_SYMMETRIC = 3,
 };
 
 struct llama_hparams_posnet {
@@ -32,29 +35,39 @@ struct llama_hparams_convnext {
 
 struct llama_hparams {
     bool vocab_only;
+    bool no_alloc;
     bool rope_finetuned;
     bool use_par_res;
     bool swin_norm;
 
     uint32_t n_ctx_train; // context size the model was trained on
     uint32_t n_embd;
-    uint32_t n_embd_features = 0;
     uint32_t n_layer;
-    uint32_t n_rot;
-    uint32_t n_embd_head_k; // dimension of keys (d_k). d_q is assumed to be the same, but there are n_head q heads, and only n_head_kv k-v heads
-    uint32_t n_embd_head_v; // dimension of values (d_v) aka n_embd_head
+    int32_t n_layer_kv_from_start = -1; // if non-negative, the first n_layer_kv_from_start layers have KV cache
     uint32_t n_expert = 0;
     uint32_t n_expert_used = 0;
     uint32_t n_rel_attn_bkts = 0;
 
+    // different head size for full_attention and SWA layers
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_k_full; // dimension of keys (d_k). d_q is assumed to be the same, but there are n_head q heads, and only n_head_kv k-v heads
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_v_full; // dimension of values (d_v) aka n_embd_head
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_k_swa;
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_v_swa;
+
+    // different RoPE dimensions for full_attention and SWA layers
+    uint32_t n_rot_full;
+    uint32_t n_rot_swa;
+
     // note: deepseek2 using MLA converts into MQA with larger heads, then decompresses to MHA
-    uint32_t n_embd_head_k_mla = 0;
-    uint32_t n_embd_head_v_mla = 0;
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_k_mla_impl = 0;
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_v_mla_impl = 0;
 
     // for WavTokenizer
     struct llama_hparams_posnet   posnet;
     struct llama_hparams_convnext convnext;
 
+    uint32_t n_shortconv_l_cache  = 0;
+
     std::array<uint32_t, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> n_head_arr;
     std::array<uint32_t, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> n_head_kv_arr;
     std::array<uint32_t, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> n_ff_arr;
@@ -64,20 +77,28 @@ struct llama_hparams {
     uint32_t n_lora_kv          = 0;
     uint32_t n_ff_exp           = 0;
     uint32_t n_ff_shexp         = 0;
+    uint32_t n_ff_chexp         = 0;
     uint32_t n_expert_shared    = 0;
     uint32_t n_norm_groups      = 0;
+    uint32_t n_expert_groups    = 0;
+    uint32_t n_group_used       = 0;
+    uint32_t n_group_experts    = 0;
 
-    float    expert_weights_scale = 0.0;
+    float    expert_group_scale   = 0.05f;
+    float    expert_weights_scale = 0.0f;
     bool     expert_weights_norm  = false;
     uint32_t expert_gating_func   = LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE;
     uint32_t moe_every_n_layers   = 0;
+    uint32_t moe_latent_size      = 0;
+    uint32_t nextn_predict_layers = 0;
 
     float f_norm_eps;
     float f_norm_rms_eps;
     float f_norm_group_eps;
 
-    float f_attn_logit_softcapping  = 50.0f;
-    float f_final_logit_softcapping = 30.0f;
+    float f_attn_logit_softcapping   = 50.0f;
+    float f_router_logit_softcapping = 30.0f;
+    float f_final_logit_softcapping  = 30.0f;
 
     // for RWKV
     uint32_t rescale_every_n_layers = 0;
@@ -92,11 +113,17 @@ struct llama_hparams {
 
     float    rope_attn_factor = 1.0f;
     float    rope_freq_base_train;
-    float    rope_freq_base_train_swa;
+    float    rope_freq_base_train_swa  = 10000.0f;
     float    rope_freq_scale_train;
-    float    rope_freq_scale_train_swa;
+    float    rope_freq_scale_train_swa = 1.0f;
+
     uint32_t n_ctx_orig_yarn;
-    float    rope_yarn_log_mul;
+    float    rope_yarn_log_mul = 0.0f;
+
+    float    yarn_ext_factor  = -1.0f;
+    float    yarn_attn_factor =  1.0f;
+    float    yarn_beta_fast   = 32.0f;
+    float    yarn_beta_slow   =  1.0f;
 
     std::array<int, 4> rope_sections;
 
@@ -104,16 +131,21 @@ struct llama_hparams {
     llama_swa_type swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
     // the size of the sliding window (0 - no SWA)
     uint32_t n_swa = 0;
-    // if swa_layers[il] == true, then layer il is SWA
-    // if swa_layers[il] == false, then layer il is dense (i.e. non-SWA)
+    // if swa_layers[il] == 1, then layer il is SWA
+    // if swa_layers[il] == 0, then layer il is dense (i.e. non-SWA)
     // by default, all layers are dense
-    std::array<bool, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> swa_layers;
+    // note: using uint32_t type for compatibility reason
+    std::array<uint32_t, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> swa_layers;
 
     // for State Space Models
     uint32_t ssm_d_conv  = 0;
     uint32_t ssm_d_inner = 0;
     uint32_t ssm_d_state = 0;
     uint32_t ssm_dt_rank = 0;
+    uint32_t ssm_n_group = 0;
+
+    // for Kimi Linear KDA
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_kda = 0;
 
     // for hybrid state space models
     std::array<bool, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> recurrent_layer_arr;
@@ -129,32 +161,73 @@ struct llama_hparams {
     float f_embedding_scale = 0.0f;
     float f_attention_scale = 0.0f;
 
+    // grok-2
+    float    f_attn_out_scale = 0.0f;
+    uint32_t attn_temp_length = 0;
+
     bool causal_attn   = true;
     bool use_alibi     = false;
     bool attn_soft_cap = false;
-    bool use_kq_norm   = true;
+    bool use_kq_norm   = false;
 
     // for Classifiers
     uint32_t n_cls_out = 1;
 
-    // llama4
+    // output embedding dimension (0 = use n_embd)
+    uint32_t n_embd_out_impl = 0;
+
+    // llama4 smallthinker
     uint32_t n_moe_layer_step        = 0;
     uint32_t n_no_rope_layer_step    = 4;
-    uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale = 8192;
-    float    f_attn_temp_scale       = 0.1;
+    uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale = 0;
+    float    f_attn_temp_scale       = 0.0f;
+    float    f_attn_temp_offset      = 0.0f; // offset position index
+
+    // gemma3n altup
+    uint32_t n_altup      = 4; // altup_num_inputs
+    uint32_t i_altup_act  = 0; // altup_active_idx
+    uint32_t laurel_rank  = 64;
+    uint32_t n_embd_altup = 256;
+
+    // needed for sentence-transformers dense layers
+    uint32_t dense_2_feat_in  = 0;  // in_features of the 2_Dense
+    uint32_t dense_2_feat_out = 0;  // out_features of the 2_Dense
+    uint32_t dense_3_feat_in  = 0;  // in_features of the 3_Dense
+    uint32_t dense_3_feat_out = 0;  // out_features of the 3_Dense
+
+    // xIELU
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> xielu_alpha_n;
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> xielu_alpha_p;
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> xielu_beta;
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> xielu_eps;
+
+    // DSA (deepseek sparse attention)
+    uint32_t indexer_n_head    = 0;
+    uint32_t indexer_head_size = 0;
+    uint32_t indexer_top_k     = 0;
+
+    // qwen3vl deepstack
+    uint32_t n_deepstack_layers = 0;
 
     // needed by encoder-decoder models (e.g. T5, FLAN-T5)
-    // ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/8141
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/8141
     llama_token dec_start_token_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+    uint32_t    dec_n_layer        = 0;
 
     enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type            = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE;
     enum llama_rope_type         rope_type               = LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NONE;
     enum llama_rope_scaling_type rope_scaling_type_train = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_NONE;
 
+
+    // Step35: optional per-layer clamps for (Swi)GLU
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> swiglu_clamp_exp; // clamping for expert FFN
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> swiglu_clamp_shexp; // shared expert
+
     // this value n_pattern means that every nth layer is dense (i.e. non-SWA)
+    // dense_first means whether the pattern is start with a dense layer
     // note that if n_pattern == 0, all layers are SWA
     //           if n_pattern == 1, all layers are dense
-    // example: n_pattern = 3
+    // example 1: n_pattern = 3, dense_first = false
     //   il == 0: swa
     //   il == 1: swa
     //   il == 2: dense
@@ -163,7 +236,13 @@ struct llama_hparams {
     //   il == 5: dense
     //   il == 6: swa
     //   etc ...
-    void set_swa_pattern(uint32_t n_pattern);
+    // example 2: n_pattern = 2, dense_first = true
+    //   il == 0: dense
+    //   il == 1: swa
+    //   il == 2: dense
+    //   il == 3: swa
+    //   etc ...
+    void set_swa_pattern(uint32_t n_pattern, bool dense_first = false);
 
     // return true if one of the layers is SWA
     bool is_swa_any() const;
@@ -176,12 +255,32 @@ struct llama_hparams {
 
     uint32_t n_gqa(uint32_t il = 0) const;
 
+    uint32_t n_rot(uint32_t il = 0) const;
+
+    // dimension of main + auxiliary input embeddings
+    uint32_t n_embd_inp() const;
+
+    // dimension of output embeddings
+    uint32_t n_embd_out() const;
+
+    // dimension of key/value embeddings for each head (per layer)
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_k(uint32_t il = 0) const;
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_v(uint32_t il = 0) const;
+
     // dimension of key embeddings across all k-v heads
     uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa(uint32_t il = 0) const;
 
     // dimension of value embeddings across all k-v heads
     uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa(uint32_t il = 0) const;
 
+    // true if any layer has a different n_embd_k_gqa/n_embd_v_gqa
+    bool is_n_embd_k_gqa_variable() const;
+    bool is_n_embd_v_gqa_variable() const;
+
+    // return the maximum n_embd_k_gqa/n_embd_v_gqa across all layers
+    uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa_max() const;
+    uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa_max() const;
+
     // dimension of the rolling state embeddings
     // corresponds to Mamba's conv_states size or RWKV's token_shift states size
     uint32_t n_embd_r() const;
@@ -195,7 +294,60 @@ struct llama_hparams {
     uint32_t n_pos_per_embd() const;
 
     bool is_swa(uint32_t il) const;
+
+    // note: currently only support if either all or none of the layers are MLA
+    bool is_mla() const;
+
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_k_mla() const;
+    uint32_t n_embd_head_v_mla() const;
+
+    bool has_kv(uint32_t il) const;
+
+    // number of layers for which has_kv() returns true
+    uint32_t n_layer_kv() const;
+
+    // note that this function uses different SWA parameters from those in the hparams
+    // note: inlined on purpose for performance reasons
+    // TODO: think of a better place for this function
+    // TODO: pack the SWA params in a struct?
+    static bool is_masked_swa(uint32_t n_swa, llama_swa_type swa_type, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+        assert(p0 >= 0 && p1 >= 0);
+
+        switch (swa_type) {
+            case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE:
+                {
+                } break;
+            case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD:
+                {
+                    if (p1 - p0 >= (int32_t) n_swa) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED:
+                {
+                    const llama_pos pos_chunk_start = (p1 / n_swa) * n_swa;
+
+                    if (p0 < pos_chunk_start) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_SYMMETRIC:
+                {
+                    const int32_t half_n_swa = (int32_t) n_swa / 2;
+                    const int32_t pos_diff = p1 - p0;
+
+                    // Mask if outside the symmetric window
+                    if (pos_diff < -half_n_swa || pos_diff > half_n_swa) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                } break;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    bool use_mrope() const;
 };
 
 static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<llama_hparams>::value, "llama_hparams must be trivially copyable");
-
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.cpp
index 6ec709dd323..4c0188ee722 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,14 @@ static llama_logger_state g_logger_state;
 time_meas::time_meas(int64_t & t_acc, bool disable) : t_start_us(disable ? -1 : ggml_time_us()), t_acc(t_acc) {}
 
 time_meas::~time_meas() {
-        if (t_start_us >= 0) {
-            t_acc += ggml_time_us() - t_start_us;
-        }
+    if (t_start_us >= 0) {
+        t_acc += ggml_time_us() - t_start_us;
     }
+}
+
+void llama_log_get(ggml_log_callback * log_callback, void ** user_data) {
+    ggml_log_get(log_callback, user_data);
+}
 
 void llama_log_set(ggml_log_callback log_callback, void * user_data) {
     ggml_log_set(log_callback, user_data);
@@ -96,18 +100,18 @@ std::string format(const char * fmt, ...) {
 
 std::string llama_format_tensor_shape(const std::vector<int64_t> & ne) {
     char buf[256];
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%5" PRId64, ne.at(0));
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%6" PRId64, ne.at(0));
     for (size_t i = 1; i < ne.size(); i++) {
-        snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), ", %5" PRId64, ne.at(i));
+        snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), ", %6" PRId64, ne.at(i));
     }
     return buf;
 }
 
 std::string llama_format_tensor_shape(const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
     char buf[256];
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%5" PRId64, t->ne[0]);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%6" PRId64, t->ne[0]);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), ", %5" PRId64, t->ne[i]);
+        snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), ", %6" PRId64, t->ne[i]);
     }
     return buf;
 }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.h
index 02b1d07f840..e4f35c8e53d 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-impl.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void llama_log_callback_default(ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void *
 template <typename T>
 struct no_init {
     T value;
-    no_init() { /* do nothing */ }
+    no_init() = default;
 };
 
 struct time_meas {
@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ struct time_meas {
     int64_t & t_acc;
 };
 
+template <typename T>
+struct buffer_view {
+    T * data;
+    size_t size = 0;
+
+    bool has_data() const {
+        return data && size > 0;
+    }
+};
+
 void replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::string & replace);
 
 // TODO: rename to llama_format ?
@@ -59,3 +69,7 @@ std::string llama_format_tensor_shape(const std::vector<int64_t> & ne);
 std::string llama_format_tensor_shape(const struct ggml_tensor * t);
 
 std::string gguf_kv_to_str(const struct gguf_context * ctx_gguf, int i);
+
+#define LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FATTN   "__fattn__"
+#define LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_AR "__fgdn_ar__"
+#define LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_CH "__fgdn_ch__"
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26e2cb4270b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+#include "llama-kv-cache-iswa.h"
+
+#include "llama-impl.h"
+#include "llama-batch.h"
+#include "llama-model.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+
+//
+// llama_kv_cache_iswa
+//
+
+llama_kv_cache_iswa::llama_kv_cache_iswa(
+        const llama_model & model,
+                ggml_type   type_k,
+                ggml_type   type_v,
+                     bool   v_trans,
+                     bool   offload,
+                     bool   swa_full,
+                     bool   unified,
+                 uint32_t   kv_size,
+                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+                 uint32_t   n_ubatch,
+                 uint32_t   n_pad,
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter,
+    const  layer_reuse_cb & reuse) : hparams(model.hparams), unified(unified) {
+
+    // chain filters
+    const layer_filter_cb filter_base = [&](int32_t il) {
+        if (filter && !filter(il)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return !model.hparams.is_swa(il);
+    };
+
+    const layer_filter_cb filter_swa  = [&](int32_t il) {
+        if (filter && !filter(il)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return  model.hparams.is_swa(il);
+    };
+
+    const uint32_t size_base = kv_size;
+
+    // note: the SWA cache is always padded to 256 for performance
+    //       https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/17037
+    uint32_t size_swa = GGML_PAD(std::min(size_base, hparams.n_swa*(unified ? n_seq_max : 1) + n_ubatch), 256);
+
+    // when using full-size SWA cache, we set the SWA cache size to be equal to the base cache size
+    if (swa_full) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: using full-size SWA cache (ref: %s)\n",
+                __func__, "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13194#issuecomment-2868343055");
+
+        size_swa = size_base;
+    }
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: creating non-SWA KV cache, size = %u cells\n", __func__, size_base);
+
+    kv_base = std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache>(
+            model, type_k, type_v,
+            v_trans, offload, unified, size_base, n_seq_max, n_pad,
+            0, LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE, filter_base, reuse);
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: creating     SWA KV cache, size = %u cells\n", __func__, size_swa);
+
+    kv_swa = std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache>(
+            model, type_k, type_v,
+            v_trans, offload, unified, size_swa, n_seq_max, n_pad,
+            hparams.n_swa, hparams.swa_type, filter_swa, reuse);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_iswa::clear(bool data) {
+    kv_base->clear(data);
+    kv_swa ->clear(data);
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res = res & kv_base->seq_rm(seq_id, p0, p1);
+    res = res & kv_swa ->seq_rm(seq_id, p0, p1);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_cp(llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+    kv_base->seq_cp(seq_id_src, seq_id_dst, p0, p1);
+    kv_swa ->seq_cp(seq_id_src, seq_id_dst, p0, p1);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+    kv_base->seq_keep(seq_id);
+    kv_swa ->seq_keep(seq_id);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_add(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) {
+    kv_base->seq_add(seq_id, p0, p1, shift);
+    kv_swa ->seq_add(seq_id, p0, p1, shift);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_div(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) {
+    kv_base->seq_div(seq_id, p0, p1, d);
+    kv_swa ->seq_div(seq_id, p0, p1, d);
+}
+
+llama_pos llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+    // the base cache is a superset of the SWA cache, so we can just check the SWA cache
+    return kv_swa->seq_pos_min(seq_id);
+}
+
+llama_pos llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+    return kv_swa->seq_pos_max(seq_id);
+}
+
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_kv_cache_iswa::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> mb = kv_base->memory_breakdown();
+    for (const auto & buft_size : kv_swa->memory_breakdown()) {
+        mb[buft_size.first] += buft_size.second;
+    }
+    return mb;
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache_iswa::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(embd_all);
+
+    // first try simple split
+    do {
+        if (!unified) {
+            // requires equal splits, so we skip the simple split
+            break;
+        }
+
+        balloc.split_reset();
+
+        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
+        while (true) {
+            auto ubatch = balloc.split_simple(n_ubatch);
+
+            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
+        }
+
+        if (balloc.get_n_used() < balloc.get_n_tokens()) {
+            // failed to find a suitable split
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto sinfos_base = kv_base->prepare(ubatches);
+        if (sinfos_base.empty()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto sinfos_swa = kv_swa->prepare(ubatches);
+        if (sinfos_swa.empty()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        assert(sinfos_base.size() == sinfos_swa.size());
+
+        return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_iswa_context>(
+                this, std::move(sinfos_base), std::move(sinfos_swa), std::move(ubatches));
+    } while (false);
+
+    // if it fails, try equal split
+    do {
+        balloc.split_reset();
+
+        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
+        while (true) {
+            auto ubatch = balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch, !unified);
+
+            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
+        }
+
+        if (balloc.get_n_used() < balloc.get_n_tokens()) {
+            // failed to find a suitable split
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto sinfos_base = kv_base->prepare(ubatches);
+        if (sinfos_base.empty()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto sinfos_swa = kv_swa->prepare(ubatches);
+        if (sinfos_swa.empty()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        assert(sinfos_base.size() == sinfos_swa.size());
+
+        return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_iswa_context>(
+                this, std::move(sinfos_base), std::move(sinfos_swa), std::move(ubatches));
+    } while (false);
+
+    // TODO: if we fail again, we should attempt different splitting strategies
+    //       but to do that properly, we first have to refactor the batches to be more flexible
+
+    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_iswa_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache_iswa::init_full() {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_iswa_context>(this);
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache_iswa::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_iswa_context>(this, lctx, optimize);
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_iswa::get_can_shift() const {
+    return kv_base->get_can_shift() &&
+           kv_swa->get_can_shift() &&
+           kv_base->get_size() == kv_swa->get_size();
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_iswa::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) const {
+    if ((flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY) == 0) {
+        kv_base->state_write(io, seq_id, flags);
+    }
+
+    kv_swa->state_write(io, seq_id, flags);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_iswa::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
+    if ((flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY) == 0) {
+        kv_base->state_read(io, seq_id, flags);
+    }
+
+    kv_swa->state_read(io, seq_id, flags);
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache * llama_kv_cache_iswa::get_base() const {
+    return kv_base.get();
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache * llama_kv_cache_iswa::get_swa() const {
+    return kv_swa.get();
+}
+
+//
+// llama_kv_cache_iswa_context
+//
+
+llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
+
+llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(
+        llama_kv_cache_iswa * kv) :
+    ctx_base(kv->get_base()->init_full()),
+    ctx_swa (kv->get_swa ()->init_full()),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_base->get_status(), ctx_swa->get_status())) {
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(
+        llama_kv_cache_iswa * kv,
+        llama_context * lctx,
+        bool optimize) :
+    ctx_base(kv->get_base()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
+    ctx_swa (kv->get_swa ()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_base->get_status(), ctx_swa->get_status())) {
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(
+        llama_kv_cache_iswa * kv,
+        slot_info_vec_t sinfos_base,
+        slot_info_vec_t sinfos_swa,
+        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches) :
+    ubatches(std::move(ubatches)),
+    // note: here we copy the ubatches. not sure if this is ideal
+    ctx_base(new llama_kv_cache_context(kv->get_base(), std::move(sinfos_base), this->ubatches)),
+    ctx_swa (new llama_kv_cache_context(kv->get_swa (), std::move(sinfos_swa),  this->ubatches)),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_base->get_status(), ctx_swa->get_status())) {
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache_iswa_context:: ~llama_kv_cache_iswa_context() = default;
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::next() {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    ctx_base->next();
+    ctx_swa ->next();
+
+    if (++i_next >= ubatches.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::apply() {
+    assert(!llama_memory_status_is_fail(status));
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res = res & ctx_base->apply();
+    res = res & ctx_swa ->apply();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+llama_memory_status llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::get_status() const {
+    return status;
+}
+
+const llama_ubatch & llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::get_ubatch() const {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    return ubatches[i_next];
+}
+
+const llama_kv_cache_context * llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::get_base() const {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    return static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(ctx_base.get());
+}
+
+const llama_kv_cache_context * llama_kv_cache_iswa_context::get_swa()  const {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    return static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(ctx_swa.get());
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-iswa.h
similarity index 52%
rename from examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.h
rename to examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-iswa.h
index 071041585db..70ab22f0d60 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-iswa.h
@@ -1,44 +1,47 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cache.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
 //
-// llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa
+// llama_kv_cache_iswa
 //
 
-// utilizes two instances of llama_kv_cache_unified
+// utilizes two instances of llama_kv_cache
 //   the first instance is for the non-SWA layers of the model and the second instance is for the SWA layers
 
-class llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa : public llama_memory_i {
+class llama_kv_cache_iswa : public llama_memory_i {
 public:
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa(
+    llama_kv_cache_iswa(
             const llama_model & model,
                     ggml_type   type_k,
                     ggml_type   type_v,
                          bool   v_trans,
                          bool   offload,
                          bool   swa_full,
+                         bool   unified,
                      uint32_t   kv_size,
                      uint32_t   n_seq_max,
                      uint32_t   n_ubatch,
-                     uint32_t   n_pad);
+                     uint32_t   n_pad,
+        const layer_filter_cb & filter,
+        const  layer_reuse_cb & reuse);
 
-    ~llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa() = default;
+    ~llama_kv_cache_iswa() = default;
 
     //
     // llama_memory_i
     //
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_batch(
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_batch(
             llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
             uint32_t n_ubatch,
             bool embd_all) override;
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_full() override;
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_full() override;
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
 
     bool get_can_shift() const override;
 
@@ -53,51 +56,57 @@ class llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa : public llama_memory_i {
     llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
     llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
     // state write/load
 
-    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const override;
-    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1)       override;
+    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
+    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) override;
 
     //
-    // llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa specific API
+    // llama_kv_cache_iswa specific API
     //
 
-    llama_kv_cache_unified * get_base() const;
-    llama_kv_cache_unified * get_swa () const;
+    llama_kv_cache * get_base() const;
+    llama_kv_cache * get_swa () const;
 
 private:
     const llama_hparams & hparams;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<llama_kv_cache_unified> kv_base;
-    std::unique_ptr<llama_kv_cache_unified> kv_swa;
+    const bool unified;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<llama_kv_cache> kv_base;
+    std::unique_ptr<llama_kv_cache> kv_swa;
 };
 
-class llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
+class llama_kv_cache_iswa_context : public llama_memory_context_i {
 public:
+    using slot_info_vec_t = llama_kv_cache::slot_info_vec_t;
+
     // used for errors
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(llama_memory_status status);
+    llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(llama_memory_status status);
 
-    // used to create a full-cache state
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(
-            llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa * kv);
+    // used to create a full-cache context
+    llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(
+            llama_kv_cache_iswa * kv);
 
-    // used to create an update state
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(
-            llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa * kv,
+    // used to create an update context
+    llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(
+            llama_kv_cache_iswa * kv,
             llama_context * lctx,
             bool optimize);
 
-    // used to create a state from a batch
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(
-            llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa * kv,
-            std::vector<uint32_t> heads_base,
-            std::vector<uint32_t> heads_swa,
+    // used to create a batch processing context from a batch
+    llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(
+            llama_kv_cache_iswa * kv,
+            slot_info_vec_t sinfos_base,
+            slot_info_vec_t sinfos_swa,
             std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches);
 
-    virtual ~llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state();
+    virtual ~llama_kv_cache_iswa_context();
 
     //
-    // llama_memory_state_i
+    // llama_memory_context_i
     //
 
     bool next()  override;
@@ -107,22 +116,22 @@ class llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
     const llama_ubatch & get_ubatch() const override;
 
     //
-    // llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state specific API
+    // llama_kv_cache_iswa_context specific API
     //
 
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * get_base() const;
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * get_swa()  const;
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * get_base() const;
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * get_swa()  const;
 
 private:
-    //llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa * kv;
+    //llama_kv_cache_iswa * kv;
 
     // the index of the next ubatch to process
     size_t i_next = 0;
 
     std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
 
-    const llama_memory_state_ptr state_base;
-    const llama_memory_state_ptr state_swa;
+    const llama_memory_context_ptr ctx_base;
+    const llama_memory_context_ptr ctx_swa;
 
     const llama_memory_status status;
 };
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ced340dec6..00000000000
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.h"
-
-#include "llama-impl.h"
-#include "llama-batch.h"
-#include "llama-model.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cassert>
-
-//
-// llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa
-//
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa(
-        const llama_model & model,
-                ggml_type   type_k,
-                ggml_type   type_v,
-                     bool   v_trans,
-                     bool   offload,
-                     bool   swa_full,
-                 uint32_t   kv_size,
-                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
-                 uint32_t   n_ubatch,
-                 uint32_t   n_pad) : hparams(model.hparams) {
-    llama_kv_cache_unified::layer_filter_cb filter_base = [&](int32_t il) { return !model.hparams.is_swa(il); };
-    llama_kv_cache_unified::layer_filter_cb filter_swa  = [&](int32_t il) { return  model.hparams.is_swa(il); };
-
-    const uint32_t size_base = kv_size;
-
-    uint32_t size_swa = std::min(size_base, GGML_PAD(hparams.n_swa*n_seq_max + n_ubatch, n_pad));
-
-    // when using full-size SWA cache, we set the SWA cache size to be equal to the base cache size
-    if (swa_full) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: using full-size SWA cache (ref: %s)\n",
-                __func__, "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13194#issuecomment-2868343055");
-
-        size_swa = size_base;
-    }
-
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: creating non-SWA KV cache, size = %u cells\n", __func__, size_base);
-
-    kv_base = std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified>(
-            model, std::move(filter_base), type_k, type_v,
-            v_trans, offload, size_base, n_seq_max, n_pad,
-            0, LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE);
-
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: creating     SWA KV cache, size = %u cells\n", __func__, size_swa);
-
-    kv_swa = std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified>(
-            model, std::move(filter_swa), type_k, type_v,
-            v_trans, offload, size_swa, n_seq_max, n_pad,
-            hparams.n_swa, hparams.swa_type);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::clear(bool data) {
-    kv_base->clear(data);
-    kv_swa ->clear(data);
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
-    bool res = true;
-
-    res = res & kv_base->seq_rm(seq_id, p0, p1);
-    res = res & kv_swa ->seq_rm(seq_id, p0, p1);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::seq_cp(llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
-    kv_base->seq_cp(seq_id_src, seq_id_dst, p0, p1);
-    kv_swa ->seq_cp(seq_id_src, seq_id_dst, p0, p1);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    kv_base->seq_keep(seq_id);
-    kv_swa ->seq_keep(seq_id);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::seq_add(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) {
-    kv_base->seq_add(seq_id, p0, p1, shift);
-    kv_swa ->seq_add(seq_id, p0, p1, shift);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::seq_div(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) {
-    kv_base->seq_div(seq_id, p0, p1, d);
-    kv_swa ->seq_div(seq_id, p0, p1, d);
-}
-
-llama_pos llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    // the base cache is a superset of the SWA cache, so we can just check the SWA cache
-    return kv_swa->seq_pos_min(seq_id);
-}
-
-llama_pos llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    return kv_swa->seq_pos_max(seq_id);
-}
-
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(embd_all);
-
-    // first try simple split
-    do {
-        balloc.split_reset();
-
-        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
-        while (true) {
-            auto ubatch = balloc.split_simple(n_ubatch);
-
-            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
-        }
-
-        auto heads_base = kv_base->prepare(ubatches);
-        if (heads_base.empty()) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        auto heads_swa = kv_swa->prepare(ubatches);
-        if (heads_swa.empty()) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        assert(heads_base.size() == heads_swa.size());
-
-        return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state>(
-                this, std::move(heads_base), std::move(heads_swa), std::move(ubatches));
-    } while (false);
-
-    // if it fails, try equal split
-    do {
-        balloc.split_reset();
-
-        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
-        while (true) {
-            auto ubatch = balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch);
-
-            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
-        }
-
-        auto heads_base = kv_base->prepare(ubatches);
-        if (heads_base.empty()) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        auto heads_swa = kv_swa->prepare(ubatches);
-        if (heads_swa.empty()) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        assert(heads_base.size() == heads_swa.size());
-
-        return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state>(
-                this, std::move(heads_base), std::move(heads_swa), std::move(ubatches));
-    } while (false);
-
-    // TODO: if we fail again, we should attempt different splitting strategies
-    //       but to do that properly, we first have to refactor the batches to be more flexible
-
-    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
-}
-
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::init_full() {
-    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state>(this);
-}
-
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
-    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state>(this, lctx, optimize);
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::get_can_shift() const {
-    return kv_base->get_size() == kv_swa->get_size();
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    kv_base->state_write(io, seq_id);
-    kv_swa ->state_write(io, seq_id);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    kv_base->state_read(io, seq_id);
-    kv_swa ->state_read(io, seq_id);
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified * llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::get_base() const {
-    return kv_base.get();
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified * llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa::get_swa() const {
-    return kv_swa.get();
-}
-
-//
-// llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state
-//
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(
-        llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa * kv) :
-    state_base(kv->get_base()->init_full()),
-    state_swa (kv->get_swa ()->init_full()),
-    status(llama_memory_status_combine(state_base->get_status(), state_swa->get_status())) {
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(
-        llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa * kv,
-        llama_context * lctx,
-        bool optimize) :
-    state_base(kv->get_base()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
-    state_swa (kv->get_swa ()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
-    status(llama_memory_status_combine(state_base->get_status(), state_swa->get_status())) {
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state(
-        llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa * kv,
-        std::vector<uint32_t> heads_base,
-        std::vector<uint32_t> heads_swa,
-        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches) :
-    ubatches(std::move(ubatches)),
-    // note: here we copy the ubatches. not sure if this is ideal
-    state_base(new llama_kv_cache_unified_state(kv->get_base(), std::move(heads_base), this->ubatches)),
-    state_swa (new llama_kv_cache_unified_state(kv->get_swa (), std::move(heads_swa),  this->ubatches)),
-    status(llama_memory_status_combine(state_base->get_status(), state_swa->get_status())) {
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state:: ~llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state() = default;
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::next() {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    state_base->next();
-    state_swa ->next();
-
-    if (++i_next >= ubatches.size()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::apply() {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    bool res = true;
-
-    res = res & state_base->apply();
-    res = res & state_swa ->apply();
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-llama_memory_status llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::get_status() const {
-    return status;
-}
-
-const llama_ubatch & llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::get_ubatch() const {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    return ubatches[i_next];
-}
-
-const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::get_base() const {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    return static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_state *>(state_base.get());
-}
-
-const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state::get_swa()  const {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    return static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_state *>(state_swa.get());
-}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6897b797153..00000000000
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1815 +0,0 @@
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified.h"
-
-#include "llama-impl.h"
-#include "llama-io.h"
-#include "llama-model.h"
-#include "llama-context.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cassert>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <limits>
-#include <map>
-#include <stdexcept>
-
-//
-// llama_kv_cache_unified
-//
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified::llama_kv_cache_unified(
-        const llama_model &  model,
-          layer_filter_cb && filter,
-                ggml_type    type_k,
-                ggml_type    type_v,
-                     bool    v_trans,
-                     bool    offload,
-                 uint32_t    kv_size,
-                 uint32_t    n_seq_max,
-                 uint32_t    n_pad,
-                 uint32_t    n_swa,
-           llama_swa_type    swa_type) :
-    model(model), hparams(model.hparams), v_trans(v_trans),
-    n_seq_max(n_seq_max), n_pad(n_pad), n_swa(n_swa), swa_type(swa_type) {
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(kv_size % n_pad == 0);
-
-    // create a context for each buffer type
-    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, ggml_context *> ctx_map;
-    auto ctx_for_buft = [&](ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) -> ggml_context * {
-        auto it = ctx_map.find(buft);
-        if (it == ctx_map.end()) {
-            ggml_init_params params = {
-                /*.mem_size   =*/ size_t(2u*hparams.n_layer*ggml_tensor_overhead()),
-                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
-                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
-            };
-
-            ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
-            if (!ctx) {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            ctx_map[buft] = ctx;
-            ctxs.emplace_back(ctx);
-
-            return ctx;
-        }
-
-        return it->second;
-    };
-
-    head = 0;
-
-    cells.resize(kv_size);
-
-    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; il++) {
-        if (filter && !filter(il)) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: layer %3d: skipped\n", __func__, il);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
-        const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
-
-        const char * dev_name = "CPU";
-
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
-
-        if (offload) {
-            auto * dev = model.dev_layer(il);
-            buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev);
-
-            dev_name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev);
-        }
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: layer %3d: dev = %s\n", __func__, il, dev_name);
-
-        ggml_context * ctx = ctx_for_buft(buft);
-        if (!ctx) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create ggml context for kv cache");
-        }
-
-        ggml_tensor * k;
-        ggml_tensor * v;
-
-        k = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, type_k, n_embd_k_gqa, kv_size);
-        v = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, type_v, n_embd_v_gqa, kv_size);
-
-        ggml_format_name(k, "cache_k_l%d", il);
-        ggml_format_name(v, "cache_v_l%d", il);
-
-        map_layer_ids[il] = layers.size();
-        layers.push_back({ il, k, v });
-    }
-
-    // allocate tensors and initialize the buffers to avoid NaNs in the padding
-    for (auto it : ctx_map) {
-        auto * buft = it.first;
-        auto * ctx  = it.second;
-
-        ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx, buft);
-        if (!buf) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer for kv cache");
-        }
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %10s KV buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf), ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf)/1024.0/1024.0);
-
-        ggml_backend_buffer_clear(buf, 0);
-        bufs.emplace_back(buf);
-    }
-
-    {
-        const size_t memory_size_k = size_k_bytes();
-        const size_t memory_size_v = size_v_bytes();
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: size = %7.2f MiB (%6u cells, %3d layers, %2u seqs), K (%s): %7.2f MiB, V (%s): %7.2f MiB\n", __func__,
-                (float)(memory_size_k + memory_size_v) / (1024.0f * 1024.0f), kv_size, (int) layers.size(), n_seq_max,
-                ggml_type_name(type_k), (float)memory_size_k / (1024.0f * 1024.0f),
-                ggml_type_name(type_v), (float)memory_size_v / (1024.0f * 1024.0f));
-    }
-
-    const char * LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG = getenv("LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG");
-    debug = LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG ? atoi(LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG) : 0;
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::clear(bool data) {
-    cells.reset();
-
-    head = 0;
-
-    if (data) {
-        for (auto & buf : bufs) {
-            ggml_backend_buffer_clear(buf.get(), 0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
-    uint32_t new_head = cells.size();
-
-    if (p0 < 0) {
-        p0 = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (p1 < 0) {
-        p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
-    }
-
-    if (seq_id >= 0) {
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-            if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id) && cells.seq_rm(i, seq_id)) {
-                if (new_head == cells.size()) {
-                    new_head = i;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        // match any sequence
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-            if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            cells.rm(i);
-
-            if (new_head == cells.size()) {
-                new_head = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // If we freed up a slot, set head to it so searching can start there.
-    if (new_head != cells.size() && new_head < head) {
-        head = new_head;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::seq_cp(llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
-    if (seq_id_src == seq_id_dst) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (p0 < 0) {
-        p0 = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (p1 < 0) {
-        p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
-    }
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-        if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id_src)) {
-            cells.seq_add(i, seq_id_dst);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    uint32_t new_head = cells.size();
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-        if (cells.seq_keep(i, seq_id)) {
-            if (new_head == cells.size()) {
-                new_head = i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // If we freed up a slot, set head to it so searching can start there.
-    if (new_head != cells.size() && new_head < head) {
-        head = new_head;
-    }
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::seq_add(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) {
-    if (shift == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t new_head = cells.size();
-
-    if (p0 < 0) {
-        p0 = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (p1 < 0) {
-        p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
-    }
-
-    // If there is no range then return early to avoid looping over all cells.
-    if (p0 == p1) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-        if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id)) {
-            if (cells.pos_add(i, shift)) {
-                if (new_head == cells.size()) {
-                    new_head = i;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // If we freed up a slot, set head to it so searching can start there.
-    // Otherwise we just start the next search from the beginning.
-    head = new_head != cells.size() ? new_head : 0;
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::seq_div(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) {
-    if (d == 1) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (p0 < 0) {
-        p0 = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (p1 < 0) {
-        p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
-    }
-
-    // If there is no range then return early to avoid looping over the cache.
-    if (p0 == p1) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-        if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id)) {
-            cells.pos_div(i, d);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-llama_pos llama_kv_cache_unified::seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    return cells.seq_pos_min(seq_id);
-}
-
-llama_pos llama_kv_cache_unified::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    return cells.seq_pos_max(seq_id);
-}
-
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified::init_batch(
-            llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
-            uint32_t n_ubatch,
-            bool embd_all) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(embd_all);
-
-    do {
-        balloc.split_reset();
-
-        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
-        while (true) {
-            auto ubatch = balloc.split_simple(n_ubatch);
-
-            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
-        }
-
-        auto heads = prepare(ubatches);
-        if (heads.empty()) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_state>(
-                this, std::move(heads), std::move(ubatches));
-    } while (false);
-
-    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_state>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
-}
-
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified::init_full() {
-    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_state>(this);
-}
-
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
-    bool do_shift = get_has_shift();
-
-    defrag_info dinfo;
-
-    // see if we need to defrag
-    {
-        bool do_defrag = optimize;
-
-        const auto thold = lctx->get_cparams().defrag_thold;
-
-        if (!do_defrag && thold > 0.0f) {
-            const auto n_kv = cells.used_max_p1();
-
-            // - do not defrag small contexts (i.e. < 2048 tokens)
-            // - count the padding towards the number of used tokens
-            const float fragmentation = n_kv >= 2048 ? std::max(0.0f, 1.0f - (float(cells.get_used() + n_pad)/n_kv)) : 0.0f;
-
-            if (fragmentation > thold) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: fragmentation: %.2f - requesting defrag\n", __func__, fragmentation);
-
-                do_defrag = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (do_defrag) {
-            dinfo = defrag_prepare(lctx->graph_max_nodes());
-        }
-    }
-
-    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_unified_state>(this, lctx, do_shift, std::move(dinfo));
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified::ubatch_heads llama_kv_cache_unified::prepare(const std::vector<llama_ubatch> & ubatches) {
-    llama_kv_cache_unified::ubatch_heads res;
-
-    struct state {
-        uint32_t head_old; // old position of the head, before placing the ubatch
-        uint32_t head_new; // new position of the head, after placing the ubatch
-
-        llama_kv_cells_unified cells; // copy of the old cells, before placing the ubatch
-    };
-
-    // remember the old state of the cells so we can restore it in the end
-    std::vector<state> states;
-
-    bool success = true;
-
-    for (const auto & ubatch : ubatches) {
-        // only find a suitable slot for the ubatch. don't modify the cells yet
-        const int32_t head_new = find_slot(ubatch);
-        if (head_new < 0) {
-            success = false;
-            break;
-        }
-
-        // remeber the position that we found
-        res.push_back(head_new);
-
-        // store the old state of the cells in the recovery stack
-        states.push_back({head, (uint32_t) head_new, cells.cp(head_new, ubatch.n_tokens)});
-
-        // now emplace the ubatch
-        apply_ubatch(head_new, ubatch);
-    }
-
-    // iterate backwards and restore the cells to their original state
-    for (auto it = states.rbegin(); it != states.rend(); ++it) {
-        cells.set(it->head_new, it->cells);
-        head = it->head_old;
-    }
-
-    if (!success) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified::update(llama_context * lctx, bool do_shift, const defrag_info & dinfo) {
-    bool updated = false;
-
-    auto * sched = lctx->get_sched();
-
-    if (do_shift) {
-        if (!get_can_shift()) {
-            GGML_ABORT("The current KV cache / model configuration does not support K-shift");
-        }
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: applying K-shift\n", __func__);
-
-        // apply K-shift if needed
-        if (hparams.rope_type != LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NONE) {
-            ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
-
-            auto * gf = lctx->graph_init();
-
-            auto res = build_graph_shift(lctx->get_cparams(), lctx->get_ctx_compute(), gf);
-            if (!res) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to build graph for K-shift\n", __func__);
-                return updated;
-            }
-
-            if (!ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(sched, gf)) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate compute graph for K-shift\n", __func__);
-                return updated;
-            }
-
-            res->set_inputs(nullptr);
-
-            if (lctx->graph_compute(gf, false) != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to compute K-shift\n", __func__);
-                return updated;
-            }
-
-            updated = true;
-        }
-
-        cells.reset_shift();
-    }
-
-    if (!dinfo.empty()) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: defragmenting KV cache\n", __func__);
-
-        // apply moves:
-        {
-            const auto n_kv = dinfo.ids.size();
-
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_kv; ++i) {
-                assert(dinfo.ids[i] <= n_kv);
-
-                if (dinfo.ids[i] == n_kv || dinfo.ids[i] == i) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                cells.mv(i, dinfo.ids[i]);
-            }
-
-            // reset the head so we can find the first free slot during the next ubatch
-            head = 0;
-        }
-
-        ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
-
-        auto * gf = lctx->graph_init();
-
-        auto res = build_graph_defrag(lctx->get_cparams(), lctx->get_ctx_compute(), gf, dinfo);
-        if (!res) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to build graph for defrag\n", __func__);
-            return updated;
-        }
-
-        if (!ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(sched, gf)) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate compute graph for defrag\n", __func__);
-            return updated;
-        }
-
-        res->set_inputs(nullptr);
-
-        if (lctx->graph_compute(gf, false) != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to compute defrag\n", __func__);
-            return updated;
-        }
-
-        updated = true;
-    }
-
-    return updated;
-}
-
-int32_t llama_kv_cache_unified::find_slot(const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const {
-    const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
-
-    uint32_t head_cur = this->head;
-
-    // if we have enough unused cells before the current head ->
-    //   better to start searching from the beginning of the cache, hoping to fill it
-    if (head_cur > cells.get_used() + 2*ubatch.n_tokens) {
-        head_cur = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (n_tokens > cells.size()) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: n_tokens = %d > size = %u\n", __func__, n_tokens, cells.size());
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (debug > 0) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: n = %5d, used = %5d, head = %5d, size = %5d, n_swa = %5d\n", __func__, cells.used_max_p1(), cells.get_used(), head, get_size(), n_swa);
-
-        if ((debug == 2 && n_swa > 0) || debug > 2) {
-            std::string ss;
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-                if (cells.is_empty(i)) {
-                    ss += '.';
-                } else {
-                    assert(cells.seq_count(i) >= 1);
-
-                    if (cells.seq_count(i) == 1) {
-                        ss += std::to_string(cells.seq_get(i));
-                    } else {
-                        ss += 'M';
-                    }
-                }
-                if (i%256 == 255) {
-                    ss += " *";
-                    ss += '\n';
-                }
-            }
-            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("\n%s\n", ss.c_str());
-        }
-
-        if ((debug == 2 && n_swa > 0) || debug > 2) {
-            std::string ss;
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-                std::string cur;
-                if (cells.is_empty(i)) {
-                    cur = '.';
-                } else {
-                    cur = std::to_string(cells.pos_get(i));
-                }
-                const int n = cur.size();
-                for (int j = 0; j < 5 - n; ++j) {
-                    cur += ' ';
-                }
-                ss += cur;
-                if (i%256 == 255) {
-                    ss += " *";
-                }
-                if (i%64 == 63) {
-                    ss += '\n';
-                }
-            }
-            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("\n%s\n", ss.c_str());
-        }
-
-        for (int s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
-            if (cells.seq_pos_min(s) < 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: min[%d] = %5d, max[%d] = %5d\n", __func__, s, cells.seq_pos_min(s), s, cells.seq_pos_max(s));
-        }
-    }
-
-    uint32_t n_tested = 0;
-
-    while (true) {
-        if (head_cur + n_tokens > cells.size()) {
-            n_tested += cells.size() - head_cur;
-            head_cur = 0;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        bool found = true;
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens; i++) {
-            //const llama_pos    pos    = ubatch.pos[i];
-            //const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch.seq_id[i][0];
-
-            // can we use this cell? either:
-            //  - the cell is empty
-            //  - the cell is occupied only by one sequence:
-            //    - (disabled) mask causally, if the sequence is the same as the one we are inserting
-            //    - mask SWA, using current max pos for that sequence in the cache
-            //                always insert in the cell with minimum pos
-            bool can_use = cells.is_empty(head_cur + i);
-
-            if (!can_use && cells.seq_count(head_cur + i) == 1) {
-                const llama_pos pos_cell = cells.pos_get(head_cur + i);
-
-                // (disabled) causal mask
-                // note: it's better to purge any "future" tokens beforehand
-                //if (cells.seq_has(head_cur + i, seq_id)) {
-                //    can_use = pos_cell >= pos;
-                //}
-
-                if (!can_use) {
-                    const llama_seq_id seq_id_cell = cells.seq_get(head_cur + i);
-
-                    // SWA mask
-                    if (is_masked_swa(pos_cell, cells.seq_pos_max(seq_id_cell) + 1)) {
-                        can_use = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (!can_use) {
-                found = false;
-                head_cur += i + 1;
-                n_tested += i + 1;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (found) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        if (n_tested >= cells.size()) {
-            //LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to find a slot for %d tokens\n", __func__, n_tokens);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return head_cur;
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::apply_ubatch(uint32_t head_cur, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) {
-    // keep track of the max sequence position that we would overwrite with this ubatch
-    // for non-SWA cache, this would be always empty
-    llama_seq_id seq_pos_max_rm[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
-    for (int s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
-        seq_pos_max_rm[s] = -1;
-    }
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch.n_tokens; ++i) {
-        if (!cells.is_empty(head_cur + i)) {
-            assert(cells.seq_count(head_cur + i) == 1);
-
-            const llama_seq_id seq_id = cells.seq_get(head_cur + i);
-            const llama_pos    pos    = cells.pos_get(head_cur + i);
-
-            seq_pos_max_rm[seq_id] = std::max(seq_pos_max_rm[seq_id], pos);
-
-            cells.rm(head_cur + i);
-        }
-
-        cells.pos_set(head_cur + i, ubatch.pos[i]);
-
-        for (int32_t s = 0; s < ubatch.n_seq_id[i]; s++) {
-            cells.seq_add(head_cur + i, ubatch.seq_id[i][s]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // note: we want to preserve the invariant that all positions between [pos_min, pos_max] for each sequence
-    //       will be present in the cache. so we have to purge any position which is less than those we would overwrite
-    //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13746#issuecomment-2916057092
-    for (int s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
-        if (seq_pos_max_rm[s] == -1) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (cells.seq_pos_min(s) <= seq_pos_max_rm[s]) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: purging positions [%d, %d] of sequence %d from KV cache\n",
-                    __func__, cells.seq_pos_min(s), seq_pos_max_rm[s], s);
-
-            seq_rm(s, cells.seq_pos_min(s), seq_pos_max_rm[s] + 1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // move the head at the end of the slot
-    head = head_cur + ubatch.n_tokens;
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified::get_can_shift() const {
-    return true;
-}
-
-uint32_t llama_kv_cache_unified::get_size() const {
-    return cells.size();
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified::get_has_shift() const {
-    return cells.get_has_shift();
-}
-
-uint32_t llama_kv_cache_unified::get_n_kv() const {
-    return std::min(cells.size(), std::max(n_pad, GGML_PAD(cells.used_max_p1(), n_pad)));
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified::get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv) const {
-    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
-
-    auto * k = layers[ikv].k;
-
-    return ggml_view_3d(ctx, k,
-            hparams.n_embd_head_k, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_kv,
-            ggml_row_size(k->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k),
-            ggml_row_size(k->type, hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il)),
-            0);
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified::get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv) const {
-    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
-
-    auto * v = layers[ikv].v;
-
-    if (!v_trans) {
-        // note: v->nb[1] <= v->nb[2]
-        return ggml_view_3d(ctx, v,
-                hparams.n_embd_head_v, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_kv,
-                ggml_row_size(v->type, hparams.n_embd_head_v),    // v->nb[1]
-                ggml_row_size(v->type, hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il)), // v->nb[2]
-                0);
-    }
-
-    // note: v->nb[1] > v->nb[2]
-    return ggml_view_3d(ctx, v,
-            n_kv, hparams.n_head_kv(il), hparams.n_embd_head_v,
-            ggml_row_size(v->type, v->ne[1]*hparams.n_embd_head_v), // v->nb[1]
-            ggml_row_size(v->type, v->ne[1]),                       // v->nb[2]
-            0);
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified::cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, int32_t il, uint32_t head_cur) const {
-    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
-
-    auto * k = layers[ikv].k;
-
-    const int64_t n_tokens = k_cur->ne[2];
-
-    ggml_tensor * k_view = ggml_view_1d(ctx, k,
-            n_tokens*hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il),
-            ggml_row_size(k->type, hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il))*head_cur);
-
-    return ggml_cpy(ctx, k_cur, k_view);
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified::cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, int32_t il, uint32_t head_cur) const {
-    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
-
-    auto * v = layers[ikv].v;
-
-    const int64_t n_tokens = v_cur->ne[2];
-
-    v_cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, v_cur, hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il), n_tokens);
-
-    ggml_tensor * v_view = nullptr;
-
-    if (!v_trans) {
-        v_view = ggml_view_1d(ctx, v,
-                n_tokens*hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il),
-                ggml_row_size(v->type, hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il))*head_cur);
-    } else {
-        // note: the V cache is transposed when not using flash attention
-        v_view = ggml_view_2d(ctx, v, n_tokens, hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il),
-                (v->ne[1])*ggml_element_size(v),
-                (head_cur)*ggml_element_size(v));
-
-        v_cur = ggml_transpose(ctx, v_cur);
-    }
-
-    return ggml_cpy(ctx, v_cur, v_view);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::set_input_kq_mask(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const {
-    const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
-    float * data = (float *) dst->data;
-
-    const int64_t n_kv = dst->ne[0];
-
-    // Use only the previous KV cells of the correct sequence for each token of the ubatch.
-    // It's assumed that if a token in the batch has multiple sequences, they are equivalent.
-    // Example with a cache of 10 tokens, 2 tokens populated in cache and 3 tokens in batch:
-    //   Causal mask:
-    //      xxx-------
-    //      xxxx------
-    //      xxxxx-----
-    //   Non-causal mask:
-    //      xxxxx-----
-    //      xxxxx-----
-    //      xxxxx-----
-    // To visualize the mask, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12615
-    for (uint32_t h = 0; h < 1; ++h) {
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
-            const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch->seq_id[i][0];
-
-            const llama_pos p1 = ubatch->pos[i];
-
-            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_kv; ++j) {
-                float f = 0.0f;
-
-                bool masked = false;
-
-                if (cells.is_empty(j)) {
-                    masked = true;
-                } else {
-                    const llama_pos p0 = cells.pos_get(j);
-
-                    // mask the token if not the same sequence
-                    masked = masked || (!cells.seq_has(j, seq_id));
-
-                    // mask future tokens
-                    masked = masked || (causal_attn && p0 > p1);
-
-                    // apply SWA if any
-                    masked = masked || (is_masked_swa(p0, p1));
-
-                    if (!masked && hparams.use_alibi) {
-                        f = -std::abs(p0 - p1);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (masked) {
-                    f = -INFINITY;
-                }
-
-                data[h*(n_kv*n_tokens) + i*n_kv + j] = f;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // mask padded tokens
-        if (data) {
-            for (uint32_t i = n_tokens; i < GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD); ++i) {
-                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_kv; ++j) {
-                    data[h*(n_kv*n_tokens) + i*n_kv + j] = -INFINITY;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::set_input_k_shift(ggml_tensor * dst) const {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
-
-    int32_t * data = (int32_t *) dst->data;
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-        data[i] = cells.is_empty(i) ? 0 : cells.get_shift(i);
-    }
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const {
-    const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
-    GGML_ASSERT(!ubatch->equal_seqs); // TODO: use ubatch->n_seqs instead of failing
-
-    int32_t * data = (int32_t *) dst->data;
-
-    const int32_t n_kv = dst->ne[0];
-
-    for (int h = 0; h < 1; ++h) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < n_kv; ++j) {
-                // the position when the cells is empty is irrelevant - it will be masked out later in the attention
-                const llama_pos p0 = cells.is_empty(j) ? -1 : cells.pos_get(j);
-
-                data[h*(n_kv*n_tokens) + i*n_kv + j] = llama_relative_position_bucket(p0, ubatch->pos[i], hparams.n_rel_attn_bkts, false);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-size_t llama_kv_cache_unified::total_size() const {
-    size_t size = 0;
-
-    for (const auto & buf : bufs) {
-        size += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get());
-    }
-
-    return size;
-}
-
-size_t llama_kv_cache_unified::size_k_bytes() const {
-    size_t size_k_bytes = 0;
-
-    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-        size_k_bytes += ggml_nbytes(layer.k);
-    }
-
-    return size_k_bytes;
-}
-
-size_t llama_kv_cache_unified::size_v_bytes() const {
-    size_t size_v_bytes = 0;
-
-    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-        size_v_bytes += ggml_nbytes(layer.v);
-    }
-
-    return size_v_bytes;
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified::build_rope_shift(
-        const llama_cparams & cparams,
-               ggml_context * ctx,
-                ggml_tensor * cur,
-                ggml_tensor * shift,
-                ggml_tensor * factors,
-                      float   freq_base,
-                      float   freq_scale) const {
-    const auto & n_ctx_orig = cparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn;
-
-    const auto & yarn_ext_factor = cparams.yarn_ext_factor;
-    const auto & yarn_beta_fast  = cparams.yarn_beta_fast;
-    const auto & yarn_beta_slow  = cparams.yarn_beta_slow;
-
-    const auto & n_rot     = hparams.n_rot;
-    const auto & rope_type = hparams.rope_type == LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE
-                                // @ngxson : this is a workaround
-                                // for M-RoPE, we want to rotate the whole vector when doing KV shift
-                                // a normal RoPE should work, we just need to use the correct ordering
-                                // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13870
-                                ? LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX
-                                : hparams.rope_type;
-
-    // See llm_build_deepseek2() for why attn_factor has to be scaled for YaRN RoPE to work correctly.
-    // See https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/7416 for detailed explanation.
-    const float yarn_attn_factor = model.arch == LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2
-                                    ? 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.1f * logf(1.0f / freq_scale))
-                                    : cparams.yarn_attn_factor;
-
-    ggml_tensor * tmp;
-
-    if (ggml_is_quantized(cur->type)) {
-        // dequantize to f32 -> RoPE -> quantize back
-        tmp = ggml_cast(ctx, cur, GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-        tmp = ggml_rope_ext(ctx, tmp,
-                shift, factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                yarn_ext_factor, yarn_attn_factor, yarn_beta_fast, yarn_beta_slow);
-
-        tmp = ggml_cpy(ctx, tmp, cur);
-    } else {
-        // we rotate only the first n_rot dimensions
-        tmp = ggml_rope_ext_inplace(ctx, cur,
-                shift, factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                yarn_ext_factor, yarn_attn_factor, yarn_beta_fast, yarn_beta_slow);
-    }
-
-    return tmp;
-}
-
-class llm_graph_input_k_shift : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_k_shift(const llama_kv_cache_unified * kv_self) : kv_self(kv_self) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_k_shift() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * k_shift; // I32 [kv_size]
-
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified * kv_self;
-};
-
-void llm_graph_input_k_shift::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(ubatch);
-
-    if (k_shift) {
-        kv_self->set_input_k_shift(k_shift);
-    }
-}
-
-llm_graph_result_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified::build_graph_shift(
-        const llama_cparams & cparams,
-               ggml_context * ctx,
-                ggml_cgraph * gf) const {
-    auto res = std::make_unique<llm_graph_result>();
-
-    const auto & n_embd_head_k = hparams.n_embd_head_k;
-  //const auto & n_embd_head_v = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_k_shift>(this);
-
-    inp->k_shift = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, cells.size());
-    ggml_set_input(inp->k_shift);
-
-    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-        const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-        const int64_t n_head_kv    = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
-        const int64_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
-
-        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
-        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
-
-        ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-        ggml_tensor * k =
-            ggml_view_3d(ctx, layer.k,
-                n_embd_head_k, n_head_kv, cells.size(),
-                ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_head_k),
-                ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa),
-                0);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur = build_rope_shift(cparams, ctx, k, inp->k_shift, rope_factors, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l);
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-
-    res->add_input(std::move(inp));
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-llm_graph_result_ptr llama_kv_cache_unified::build_graph_defrag(
-                const llama_cparams & cparams,
-                       ggml_context * ctx,
-                        ggml_cgraph * gf,
-                  const defrag_info & dinfo) const {
-    auto res = std::make_unique<llm_graph_result>();
-
-    const auto & ids = dinfo.ids;
-
-#if 0
-    // CPU defrag
-    //
-    // TODO: optimizations are possible:
-    //       - multiple threads
-    //       - avoid copying to the host memory when already there
-    //
-    // likely not worth the effort, as we have ggml_graph based defrag
-    //
-
-    const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa();
-    const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-    const uint32_t kv_size = size;
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buf_k;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buf_v;
-
-    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-        const size_t k_size_row = ggml_row_size(k_l[il]->type, n_embd_k_gqa);
-        const size_t k_size     = ggml_row_size(k_l[il]->type, n_embd_k_gqa*kv_size);
-
-        const size_t v_size_el = ggml_type_size(v_l[il]->type);
-        const size_t v_size    = ggml_row_size (v_l[il]->type, n_embd_v_gqa*kv_size);
-
-        buf_k.resize(k_size);
-        buf_v.resize(v_size);
-
-        ggml_backend_tensor_get(k_l[il], buf_k.data(), 0, buf_k.size());
-        ggml_backend_tensor_get(v_l[il], buf_v.data(), 0, buf_v.size());
-
-        // batch move [i, i+nm) to [id, id+nm)
-        // note: cells can move only to a lower index
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_kv; ++i) {
-            const uint32_t id = ids[i];
-
-            if (i == id || id == n_kv) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            uint32_t nm = 1;
-
-            while (i + nm < n_kv && ids[i + nm] == id + nm) {
-                nm++;
-            }
-
-            // move keys
-            {
-                const int64_t os =  i*k_size_row;
-                const int64_t od = id*k_size_row;
-
-                memcpy(buf_k.data() + od, buf_k.data() + os, nm*k_size_row);
-            }
-
-            // move values (note: they are transposed)
-            {
-                const int64_t os =  i;
-                const int64_t od = id;
-
-                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_v_gqa; ++j) {
-                    memcpy(buf_v.data() + (od + j*kv_size)*v_size_el, buf_v.data() + (os + j*kv_size)*v_size_el, nm*v_size_el);
-                }
-            }
-
-            i += nm - 1;
-        }
-
-        ggml_backend_tensor_set(k_l[il], buf_k.data(), 0, buf_k.size());
-        ggml_backend_tensor_set(v_l[il], buf_v.data(), 0, buf_v.size());
-    }
-#else
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ids.size(); ++i) {
-        const uint32_t id = ids[i];
-
-        if (i == id || id == ids.size()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        uint32_t nm = 1;
-
-        while (i + nm < ids.size() && ids[i + nm] == id + nm) {
-            nm++;
-        }
-
-        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-            const int64_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
-            const int64_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * view_k_src = ggml_view_2d(ctx, layer.k,
-                    n_embd_k_gqa, nm,
-                    ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa),
-                    ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa*i));
-
-            ggml_tensor * view_k_dst = ggml_view_2d(ctx, layer.k,
-                    n_embd_k_gqa, nm,
-                    ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa),
-                    ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa*id));
-
-            ggml_tensor * view_v_src;
-            ggml_tensor * view_v_dst;
-
-            if (cparams.flash_attn) {
-                // NOTE: the V cache is not transposed when using flash attention
-                view_v_src = ggml_view_2d(ctx, layer.v,
-                        n_embd_v_gqa, nm,
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, n_embd_v_gqa),
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, n_embd_v_gqa*i));
-
-                view_v_dst = ggml_view_2d(ctx, layer.v,
-                        n_embd_v_gqa, nm,
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, n_embd_v_gqa),
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, n_embd_v_gqa*id));
-            } else {
-                view_v_src = ggml_view_2d(ctx, layer.v,
-                        nm, n_embd_v_gqa,
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, cells.size()),
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, i));
-
-                view_v_dst = ggml_view_2d(ctx, layer.v,
-                        nm, n_embd_v_gqa,
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, cells.size()),
-                        ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, id));
-            }
-
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx, view_k_src, view_k_dst));
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx, view_v_src, view_v_dst));
-        }
-
-        i += nm - 1;
-    }
-
-    //LLAMA_LOG_INFO("gf->n_nodes = %d\n", gf->n_nodes);
-#endif
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified::defrag_info llama_kv_cache_unified::defrag_prepare(int32_t n_max_nodes) const {
-    const uint32_t n_layer = layers.size();
-
-    const uint32_t n_kv   = cells.used_max_p1();
-    const uint32_t n_used = cells.get_used();
-
-    assert(n_used <= n_kv);
-
-    //const int64_t t_start = ggml_time_us();
-
-    // number of cells moved
-    uint32_t n_moves = 0;
-
-    // each move requires 6*n_layer tensors (see graph_build_kv_self_defrag)
-    //   - source view, destination view, copy operation
-    //   - x2 for keys and values
-    //const uint32_t max_moves = max_nodes()/(6*n_layer);
-    // TODO: tmp fix https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/6685#issuecomment-2057579516
-    const uint32_t max_moves = (n_max_nodes - 2*n_layer)/(6*n_layer);
-
-    // determine which KV cells to move where
-    defrag_info res;
-    auto & ids = res.ids;
-
-    ids.resize(n_kv, n_kv);
-
-    for (uint32_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_used; ++i0) {
-        if (!cells.is_empty(i0)) {
-            ids[i0] = i0;
-
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // found a hole - fill it with data from the end of the cache
-
-        uint32_t nh = 1;
-
-        // determine the size of the hole
-        while (i0 + nh < n_used && cells.is_empty(i0 + nh)) {
-            nh++;
-        }
-
-        uint32_t nf = 0;
-        uint32_t is = n_kv - 1;
-
-        // starting from the end, find nh non-empty cells
-        for (; is > i0; --is) {
-            if (cells.is_empty(is) || ids[is] != n_kv) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // non-empty cell which is not yet moved
-            nf++;
-
-            if (nf == nh) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // this can only happen if `n_used` is not accurate, which would be a bug
-        GGML_ASSERT(nf == nh && "KV defrag bug: nf != nh");
-
-        nf = 0;
-
-        uint32_t i1 = is;
-
-        // are we moving a continuous block of memory?
-        bool cont = false;
-
-        // should we stop searching for the next move?
-        bool stop = false;
-
-        // go back and move the nf cells to the hole
-        for (; i1 < n_kv; ++i1) {
-            if (cells.is_empty(i1) || ids[i1] != n_kv) {
-                if (n_moves == max_moves) {
-                    stop = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                cont = false;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // this cell goes to (i0 + nf)
-            ids[i1] = i0 + nf;
-
-            if (!cont) {
-                n_moves++;
-                cont = true;
-            }
-
-            nf++;
-
-            if (nf == nh) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (stop || n_moves == max_moves) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        //LLAMA_LOG_INFO("(tmp log) KV defrag: move [%u, %u) to [%u, %u)\n", is, i1 + 1, i0, i0 + nh);
-
-        i0 += nh - 1;
-    }
-
-    if (n_moves == 0) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: (tmp log) KV defrag cell moves: %u\n", __func__, n_moves);
-
-    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: expected gf nodes: %u\n", __func__, 6*n_moves*n_layer);
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified::is_masked_swa(llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) const {
-    assert(p0 >= 0 && p1 >= 0);
-
-    switch (swa_type) {
-        case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE:
-            {
-            } break;
-        case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD:
-            {
-                if (p1 - p0 >= (int32_t) n_swa) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            } break;
-        case LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED:
-            {
-                const llama_pos pos_chunk_start = (p1 / n_swa) * n_swa;
-
-                if (p0 < pos_chunk_start) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            } break;
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> cell_ranges; // ranges, from inclusive, to exclusive
-    uint32_t cell_count = 0;
-
-    // Count the number of cells with the specified seq_id
-    // Find all the ranges of cells with this seq id (or all, when -1)
-    uint32_t cell_range_begin = cells.size();
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
-        if (!cells.is_empty(i) && (seq_id == -1 || cells.seq_has(i, seq_id))) {
-            ++cell_count;
-            if (cell_range_begin == cells.size()) {
-                cell_range_begin = i;
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (cell_range_begin != cells.size()) {
-                cell_ranges.emplace_back(cell_range_begin, i);
-                cell_range_begin = cells.size();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (cell_range_begin != cells.size()) {
-        cell_ranges.emplace_back(cell_range_begin, cells.size());
-    }
-
-    // DEBUG CHECK: Sum of cell counts in ranges should equal the total cell count
-    uint32_t cell_count_check = 0;
-    for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
-        cell_count_check += range.second - range.first;
-    }
-    GGML_ASSERT(cell_count == cell_count_check);
-
-    io.write(&cell_count, sizeof(cell_count));
-
-    state_write_meta(io, cell_ranges, seq_id);
-    state_write_data(io, cell_ranges);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    uint32_t cell_count;
-    io.read_to(&cell_count, sizeof(cell_count));
-
-    bool res = true;
-    res = res && state_read_meta(io, cell_count, seq_id);
-    res = res && state_read_data(io, cell_count);
-
-    if (!res) {
-        if (seq_id == -1) {
-            clear(true);
-        } else {
-            seq_rm(seq_id, -1, -1);
-        }
-        throw std::runtime_error("failed to restore kv cache");
-    }
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::state_write_meta(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges, llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
-        for (uint32_t i = range.first; i < range.second; ++i) {
-            std::vector<llama_seq_id> seq_ids;
-
-            for (llama_seq_id cur = 0; cur < (int) n_seq_max; ++cur) {
-                if (cur == seq_id || seq_id == -1) {
-                    if (cells.seq_has(i, cur)) {
-                        seq_ids.push_back(cur);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            const llama_pos pos     = cells.pos_get(i);
-            const uint32_t n_seq_id = seq_ids.size();
-
-            io.write(&pos,      sizeof(pos));
-            io.write(&n_seq_id, sizeof(n_seq_id));
-
-            for (const auto & seq_id : seq_ids) {
-                io.write(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges) const {
-    const uint32_t v_trans = this->v_trans ? 1 : 0;
-    const uint32_t n_layer = layers.size();
-
-    io.write(&v_trans, sizeof(v_trans));
-    io.write(&n_layer, sizeof(n_layer));
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_buf;
-
-    // Iterate and write all the keys first, each row is a cell
-    // Get whole range at a time
-    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-        const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-        const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
-
-        // Write key type
-        const int32_t k_type_i = (int32_t)layer.k->type;
-        io.write(&k_type_i, sizeof(k_type_i));
-
-        // Write row size of key
-        const uint64_t k_size_row = ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa);
-        io.write(&k_size_row, sizeof(k_size_row));
-
-        // Read each range of cells of k_size length each into tmp_buf and write out
-        for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
-            const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
-            const size_t buf_size = range_size * k_size_row;
-            io.write_tensor(layer.k, range.first * k_size_row, buf_size);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!v_trans) {
-        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
-
-            // Write value type
-            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t)layer.v->type;
-            io.write(&v_type_i, sizeof(v_type_i));
-
-            // Write row size of value
-            const uint64_t v_size_row = ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, n_embd_v_gqa);
-            io.write(&v_size_row, sizeof(v_size_row));
-
-            // Read each range of cells of v_size length each into tmp_buf and write out
-            for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
-                const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
-                const size_t buf_size = range_size * v_size_row;
-                io.write_tensor(layer.v, range.first * v_size_row, buf_size);
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        // When v is transposed, we also need the element size and get the element ranges from each row
-        const uint32_t kv_size = cells.size();
-
-        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
-
-            // Write value type
-            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t)layer.v->type;
-            io.write(&v_type_i, sizeof(v_type_i));
-
-            // Write element size
-            const uint32_t v_size_el = ggml_type_size(layer.v->type);
-            io.write(&v_size_el, sizeof(v_size_el));
-
-            // Write GQA embedding size
-            io.write(&n_embd_v_gqa, sizeof(n_embd_v_gqa));
-
-            // For each row, we get the element values of each cell
-            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_v_gqa; ++j) {
-                // Read each range of cells of v_size_el length each into tmp_buf and write out
-                for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
-                    const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
-                    const size_t src_offset = (range.first + j * kv_size) * v_size_el;
-                    const size_t buf_size = range_size * v_size_el;
-                    io.write_tensor(layer.v, src_offset, buf_size);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified::state_read_meta(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count, llama_seq_id dest_seq_id) {
-    if (dest_seq_id != -1) {
-        // single sequence
-
-        seq_rm(dest_seq_id, -1, -1);
-
-        llama_batch_allocr balloc(hparams.n_pos_per_embd());
-
-        llama_ubatch ubatch = balloc.ubatch_reserve(cell_count, 1);
-
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
-            llama_pos pos;
-            uint32_t n_seq_id;
-
-            io.read_to(&pos,      sizeof(pos));
-            io.read_to(&n_seq_id, sizeof(n_seq_id));
-
-            if (n_seq_id != 1) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid seq_id-agnostic kv cell\n", __func__);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // read the sequence id, but directly discard it - we will use dest_seq_id instead
-            {
-                llama_seq_id seq_id;
-                io.read_to(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
-            }
-
-            ubatch.pos[i]      = pos;
-            ubatch.n_seq_id[i] = n_seq_id;
-            ubatch.seq_id[i]   = &dest_seq_id;
-        }
-
-        const auto head_cur = find_slot(ubatch);
-        if (head_cur < 0) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to find available cells in kv cache\n", __func__);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        apply_ubatch(head_cur, ubatch);
-
-        // keep the head at the old position because we will read the KV data into it in state_read_data()
-        head = head_cur;
-
-        // DEBUG CHECK: head_cur should be our first cell, head_cur + cell_count - 1 should be our last cell (verify seq_id and pos values)
-        // Assume that this is one contiguous block of cells
-        GGML_ASSERT(head_cur + cell_count <= cells.size());
-        GGML_ASSERT(cells.pos_get(head_cur)                  == ubatch.pos[0]);
-        GGML_ASSERT(cells.pos_get(head_cur + cell_count - 1) == ubatch.pos[cell_count - 1]);
-        GGML_ASSERT(cells.seq_has(head_cur,                  dest_seq_id));
-        GGML_ASSERT(cells.seq_has(head_cur + cell_count - 1, dest_seq_id));
-    } else {
-        // whole KV cache restore
-
-        if (cell_count > cells.size()) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: not enough cells in kv cache\n", __func__);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        clear(true);
-
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
-            llama_pos pos;
-            uint32_t  n_seq_id;
-
-            io.read_to(&pos,      sizeof(pos));
-            io.read_to(&n_seq_id, sizeof(n_seq_id));
-
-            cells.pos_set(i, pos);
-
-            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_seq_id; ++j) {
-                llama_seq_id seq_id;
-                io.read_to(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
-
-                if (seq_id < 0 || (uint32_t) seq_id >= n_seq_max) {
-                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid seq_id, %d is out of range [0, %u)\n", __func__, seq_id, n_seq_max);
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                cells.seq_add(i, seq_id);
-            }
-        }
-
-        head = 0;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count) {
-    uint32_t v_trans;
-    uint32_t n_layer;
-
-    io.read_to(&v_trans, sizeof(v_trans));
-    io.read_to(&n_layer, sizeof(n_layer));
-
-    if (n_layer != layers.size()) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched layer count (%u instead of %u)\n", __func__, n_layer, (uint32_t) layers.size());
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (cell_count > cells.size()) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: not enough cells in kv cache to restore state (%u > %u)\n", __func__, cell_count, cells.size());
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (this->v_trans != (bool) v_trans) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: incompatible V transposition\n", __func__);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // For each layer, read the keys for each cell, one row is one cell, read as one contiguous block
-    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-        const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-        const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
-
-        // Read type of key
-        int32_t k_type_i_ref;
-        io.read_to(&k_type_i_ref, sizeof(k_type_i_ref));
-        const int32_t k_type_i = (int32_t) layer.k->type;
-        if (k_type_i != k_type_i_ref) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched key type (%d != %d, layer %d)\n", __func__, k_type_i, k_type_i_ref, il);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Read row size of key
-        uint64_t k_size_row_ref;
-        io.read_to(&k_size_row_ref, sizeof(k_size_row_ref));
-        const size_t k_size_row = ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa);
-        if (k_size_row != k_size_row_ref) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched key row size (%zu != %zu, layer %d)\n", __func__, k_size_row, (size_t) k_size_row_ref, il);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (cell_count) {
-            // Read and set the keys for the whole cell range
-            ggml_backend_tensor_set(layer.k, io.read(cell_count * k_size_row), head * k_size_row, cell_count * k_size_row);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!this->v_trans) {
-        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
-
-            // Read type of value
-            int32_t v_type_i_ref;
-            io.read_to(&v_type_i_ref, sizeof(v_type_i_ref));
-            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t)layer.v->type;
-            if (v_type_i != v_type_i_ref) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value type (%d != %d, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_type_i, v_type_i_ref, il);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // Read row size of value
-            uint64_t v_size_row_ref;
-            io.read_to(&v_size_row_ref, sizeof(v_size_row_ref));
-            const size_t v_size_row = ggml_row_size(layer.v->type, n_embd_v_gqa);
-            if (v_size_row != v_size_row_ref) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value row size (%zu != %zu, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_size_row, (size_t) v_size_row_ref, il);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (cell_count) {
-                // Read and set the values for the whole cell range
-                ggml_backend_tensor_set(layer.v, io.read(cell_count * v_size_row), head * v_size_row, cell_count * v_size_row);
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        // For each layer, read the values for each cell (transposed)
-        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
-            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
-
-            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
-
-            // Read type of value
-            int32_t v_type_i_ref;
-            io.read_to(&v_type_i_ref, sizeof(v_type_i_ref));
-            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t)layer.v->type;
-            if (v_type_i != v_type_i_ref) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value type (%d != %d, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_type_i, v_type_i_ref, il);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // Read element size of value
-            uint32_t v_size_el_ref;
-            io.read_to(&v_size_el_ref, sizeof(v_size_el_ref));
-            const size_t v_size_el = ggml_type_size(layer.v->type);
-            if (v_size_el != v_size_el_ref) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value element size (%zu != %zu, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_size_el, (size_t) v_size_el_ref, il);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // Read GQA embedding size
-            uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa_ref;
-            io.read_to(&n_embd_v_gqa_ref, sizeof(n_embd_v_gqa_ref));
-            if (n_embd_v_gqa != n_embd_v_gqa_ref) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched GQA embedding size (%u != %u, layer %d)\n", __func__, n_embd_v_gqa, n_embd_v_gqa_ref, il);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (cell_count) {
-                // For each row in the transposed matrix, read the values for the whole cell range
-                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_v_gqa; ++j) {
-                    const size_t dst_offset = (head + j * cells.size()) * v_size_el;
-                    ggml_backend_tensor_set(layer.v, io.read(cell_count * v_size_el), dst_offset, cell_count * v_size_el);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-//
-// llama_kv_cache_unified_state
-//
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_state(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_state(
-        llama_kv_cache_unified * kv) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), kv(kv) {
-    n_kv = kv->get_size();
-    head = 0;
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_state(
-        llama_kv_cache_unified * kv,
-        llama_context * lctx,
-        bool do_shift,
-        defrag_info dinfo) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), kv(kv), lctx(lctx), do_shift(do_shift), dinfo(std::move(dinfo)) {
-    if (!do_shift && this->dinfo.empty()) {
-        status = LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE;
-    }
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_state::llama_kv_cache_unified_state(
-        llama_kv_cache_unified * kv,
-        llama_kv_cache_unified::ubatch_heads heads,
-        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), kv(kv), heads(std::move(heads)), ubatches(std::move(ubatches)) {
-}
-
-llama_kv_cache_unified_state::~llama_kv_cache_unified_state() = default;
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified_state::next() {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    if (++i_next >= ubatches.size()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool llama_kv_cache_unified_state::apply() {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    // no ubatches -> this is a KV cache update
-    if (ubatches.empty()) {
-        kv->update(lctx, do_shift, dinfo);
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    kv->apply_ubatch(heads[i_next], ubatches[i_next]);
-
-    n_kv = kv->get_n_kv();
-    head = heads[i_next];
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-llama_memory_status llama_kv_cache_unified_state::get_status() const {
-    return status;
-}
-
-const llama_ubatch & llama_kv_cache_unified_state::get_ubatch() const {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
-
-    return ubatches[i_next];
-}
-
-uint32_t llama_kv_cache_unified_state::get_n_kv() const {
-    return n_kv;
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified_state::get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const {
-    return kv->get_k(ctx, il, n_kv);
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified_state::get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const {
-    return kv->get_v(ctx, il, n_kv);
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified_state::cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, int32_t il) const {
-    return kv->cpy_k(ctx, k_cur, il, head);
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_unified_state::cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, int32_t il) const {
-    return kv->cpy_v(ctx, v_cur, il, head);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_state::set_input_k_shift(ggml_tensor * dst) const {
-    kv->set_input_k_shift(dst);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_state::set_input_kq_mask(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const {
-    kv->set_input_kq_mask(dst, ubatch, causal_attn);
-}
-
-void llama_kv_cache_unified_state::set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const {
-    kv->set_input_pos_bucket(dst, ubatch);
-}
-
-uint32_t llama_kv_cache_unified::get_padding(const llama_cparams & cparams) {
-    // the FA kernels require padding to avoid extra runtime boundary checks
-    return cparams.flash_attn ? 256u : 32u;
-}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1560640045c..00000000000
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache-unified.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,303 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "llama-batch.h"
-#include "llama-graph.h"
-#include "llama-kv-cells.h"
-#include "llama-memory.h"
-
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-
-struct llama_cparams;
-struct llama_hparams;
-struct llama_model;
-struct llama_context;
-
-//
-// llama_kv_cache_unified
-//
-
-class llama_kv_cache_unified : public llama_memory_i {
-public:
-    static uint32_t get_padding(const llama_cparams & cparams);
-
-    // this callback is used to filter out layers that should not be included in the cache
-    using layer_filter_cb = std::function<bool(int32_t il)>;
-
-    using ubatch_heads = std::vector<uint32_t>;
-
-    struct defrag_info {
-        bool empty() const {
-            return ids.empty();
-        }
-
-        // contains information about which cell moves where:
-        //  - cell i moves to ids[i]
-        //  - if ids[i] == i || ids[i] == ids.size(), then cell i is not moved
-        std::vector<uint32_t> ids;
-    };
-
-    llama_kv_cache_unified(
-            const llama_model &  model,
-              layer_filter_cb && filter,
-                    ggml_type    type_k,
-                    ggml_type    type_v,
-                         bool    v_trans,
-                         bool    offload,
-                     uint32_t    kv_size,
-                     uint32_t    n_seq_max,
-                     uint32_t    n_pad,
-                     uint32_t    n_swa,
-               llama_swa_type    swa_type);
-
-    ~llama_kv_cache_unified() = default;
-
-    //
-    // llama_memory_i
-    //
-
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_batch(
-            llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
-            uint32_t n_ubatch,
-            bool embd_all) override;
-
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_full() override;
-
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
-
-    bool get_can_shift() const override;
-
-    void clear(bool data) override;
-
-    bool seq_rm  (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
-    void seq_cp  (llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
-    void seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id)                                                          override;
-    void seq_add (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) override;
-    void seq_div (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) override;
-
-    llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
-    llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
-
-    // state write/load
-
-    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const override;
-    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1)       override;
-
-    //
-    // llama_kv_cache_unified specific API
-    //
-
-    uint32_t get_size() const;
-
-    bool get_has_shift() const;
-
-    //
-    // graph_build API
-    //
-
-    uint32_t get_n_kv() const;
-
-    // get views of the current state of the cache
-    ggml_tensor * get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv) const;
-    ggml_tensor * get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv) const;
-
-    // store k_cur and v_cur in the cache based on the provided head location
-    ggml_tensor * cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, int32_t il, uint32_t head_cur) const;
-    ggml_tensor * cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, int32_t il, uint32_t head_cur) const;
-
-    //
-    // preparation API
-    //
-
-    // find places for the provided ubatches in the cache, returns the head locations
-    // return empty vector on failure
-    ubatch_heads prepare(const std::vector<llama_ubatch> & ubatches);
-
-    bool update(llama_context * lctx, bool do_shift, const defrag_info & dinfo);
-
-    // return the cell position where we can insert the ubatch
-    // return -1 on failure to find a contiguous slot of kv cells
-    int32_t find_slot(const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const;
-
-    // emplace the ubatch context into slot: [head_cur, head_cur + ubatch.n_tokens)
-    void apply_ubatch(uint32_t head_cur, const llama_ubatch & ubatch);
-
-    //
-    // set_input API
-    //
-
-    void set_input_kq_mask   (ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const;
-    void set_input_k_shift   (ggml_tensor * dst) const;
-    void set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const;
-
-private:
-    const llama_model & model;
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-
-    struct kv_layer {
-        // layer index in the model
-        // note: can be different from the layer index in the KV cache
-        uint32_t il;
-
-        ggml_tensor * k;
-        ggml_tensor * v;
-    };
-
-    bool v_trans = true;  // the value tensor is transposed
-
-    // the current index from where we start searching for a free slot in the ring buffer of KV cells (see find_slot())
-    // note: this is not part of the KV state and it's only used to speed-up the find_slot() method
-    uint32_t head = 0;
-
-    const uint32_t n_seq_max = 1;
-
-    // required padding
-    const uint32_t n_pad = 1;
-
-    // SWA
-    const uint32_t n_swa = 0;
-
-    int debug = 0;
-
-    const llama_swa_type swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
-
-    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr>        ctxs;
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;
-
-    llama_kv_cells_unified cells;
-
-    std::vector<kv_layer> layers;
-
-    // model layer id -> KV cache layer id
-    std::unordered_map<int32_t, int32_t> map_layer_ids;
-
-    // return non-empty vector if cells have been moved
-    defrag_info defrag_prepare(int32_t n_max_nodes) const;
-
-    size_t total_size() const;
-
-    size_t size_k_bytes() const;
-    size_t size_v_bytes() const;
-
-    bool is_masked_swa(llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_rope_shift(
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-                   ggml_context * ctx,
-                    ggml_tensor * cur,
-                    ggml_tensor * shift,
-                    ggml_tensor * factors,
-                          float   freq_base,
-                          float   freq_scale) const;
-
-    llm_graph_result_ptr build_graph_shift(
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-                   ggml_context * ctx,
-                    ggml_cgraph * gf) const;
-
-    llm_graph_result_ptr build_graph_defrag(
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-                   ggml_context * ctx,
-                    ggml_cgraph * gf,
-              const defrag_info & dinfo) const;
-
-    void state_write_meta(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const;
-    void state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges) const;
-
-    bool state_read_meta(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count, llama_seq_id dest_seq_id = -1);
-    bool state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count);
-};
-
-class llama_kv_cache_unified_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
-public:
-    // some shorthands
-    using ubatch_heads = llama_kv_cache_unified::ubatch_heads;
-    using defrag_info  = llama_kv_cache_unified::defrag_info;
-
-    // used for errors
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_state(llama_memory_status status);
-
-    // used to create a full-cache state
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_state(
-            llama_kv_cache_unified * kv);
-
-    // used to create an update state
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_state(
-            llama_kv_cache_unified * kv,
-            llama_context * lctx,
-            bool do_shift,
-            defrag_info dinfo);
-
-    // used to create a decode state from a batch
-    llama_kv_cache_unified_state(
-            llama_kv_cache_unified * kv,
-            ubatch_heads heads,
-            std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches);
-
-    virtual ~llama_kv_cache_unified_state();
-
-    //
-    // llama_memory_state_i
-    //
-
-    bool next()  override;
-    bool apply() override;
-
-    llama_memory_status  get_status() const override;
-    const llama_ubatch & get_ubatch() const override;
-
-    //
-    // llama_kv_cache_unified_state specific API
-    //
-
-    uint32_t get_n_kv() const;
-
-    // get views of the current state of the cache
-    ggml_tensor * get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const;
-    ggml_tensor * get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const;
-
-    // store k_cur and v_cur in the cache based on the provided head location
-    ggml_tensor * cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, int32_t il) const;
-    ggml_tensor * cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, int32_t il) const;
-
-    void set_input_k_shift(ggml_tensor * dst) const;
-
-    void set_input_kq_mask   (ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const;
-    void set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const;
-
-private:
-    llama_memory_status status;
-
-    llama_kv_cache_unified * kv;
-    llama_context * lctx;
-
-    //
-    // update state
-    //
-
-    bool do_shift = false;
-
-    defrag_info dinfo;
-
-    //
-    // batch processing state
-    //
-
-    // the index of the next ubatch to process
-    size_t i_next = 0;
-
-    ubatch_heads heads;
-
-    std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
-
-    //
-    // data needed for building the compute graph for the current ubatch:
-    //
-
-    // a heuristic, to avoid attending the full cache if it is not yet utilized
-    // as the cache gets filled, the benefit from this heuristic disappears
-    int32_t n_kv;
-
-    // the beginning of the current slot in which the ubatch will be inserted
-    int32_t head;
-};
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01166fac9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2285 @@
+#include "llama-kv-cache.h"
+
+#include "llama-impl.h"
+#include "llama-io.h"
+#include "llama-model.h"
+#include "llama-context.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+//
+// llama_kv_cache
+//
+
+llama_kv_cache::llama_kv_cache(
+        const llama_model & model,
+                ggml_type   type_k,
+                ggml_type   type_v,
+                     bool   v_trans,
+                     bool   offload,
+                     bool   unified,
+                 uint32_t   kv_size,
+                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+                 uint32_t   n_pad,
+                 uint32_t   n_swa,
+           llama_swa_type   swa_type,
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter,
+    const  layer_reuse_cb & reuse) :
+    model(model), hparams(model.hparams), v_trans(v_trans),
+    n_seq_max(n_seq_max), n_stream(unified ? 1 : n_seq_max), n_pad(n_pad), n_swa(n_swa), swa_type(swa_type) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(kv_size % n_pad == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t n_layer_kv = hparams.n_layer_kv();
+
+    // define a comparator for the buft -> ctx map to ensure that the order is well-defined:
+    struct ggml_backend_buft_comparator {
+        bool operator()(const ggml_backend_buffer_type_t & lhs, const ggml_backend_buffer_type_t & rhs) const {
+            return strcmp(ggml_backend_buft_name(lhs), ggml_backend_buft_name(rhs)) < 0;
+        }
+    };
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, ggml_context_ptr, ggml_backend_buft_comparator> ctx_map;
+
+    // create a context for each buffer type
+    auto ctx_for_buft = [&](ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) -> ggml_context * {
+        auto it = ctx_map.find(buft);
+        if (it == ctx_map.end()) {
+            ggml_init_params params = {
+                /*.mem_size   =*/ size_t(2u*(1 + n_stream)*n_layer_kv*ggml_tensor_overhead()),
+                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
+            };
+
+            ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
+            if (!ctx) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
+            ctx_map.emplace(buft, ctx);
+
+            return ctx;
+        }
+
+        return it->second.get();
+    };
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_stream == 1 || n_stream == n_seq_max);
+
+    v_heads.resize(n_stream);
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        v_heads[s] = 0;
+    }
+
+    v_cells.resize(n_stream);
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        v_cells[s].resize(kv_size);
+    }
+
+    // by default, all sequence ids are mapped to the 0th stream
+    seq_to_stream.resize(LLAMA_MAX_SEQ, 0);
+
+    if (n_stream > 1) {
+        seq_to_stream.resize(n_stream, 0);
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+            seq_to_stream[s] = s;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // [TAG_V_CACHE_VARIABLE]
+    if (v_trans && hparams.is_n_embd_v_gqa_variable()) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: the V embeddings have different sizes across layers and FA is not enabled - padding V cache to %d\n",
+                __func__, hparams.n_embd_v_gqa_max());
+    }
+
+    const bool is_mla = hparams.is_mla();
+
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; il++) {
+        if (!hparams.has_kv(il)) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: layer %3d: does not have KV cache\n", __func__, il);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (filter && !filter(il)) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: layer %3d: filtered\n", __func__, il);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // [TAG_V_CACHE_VARIABLE]
+        const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa =            hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
+        const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = !v_trans ? hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il) : hparams.n_embd_v_gqa_max();
+
+        const char * dev_name = "CPU";
+
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
+
+        if (offload) {
+            auto * dev = model.dev_layer(il);
+            buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev);
+
+            dev_name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev);
+        }
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: layer %3d: dev = %s\n", __func__, il, dev_name);
+
+        ggml_context * ctx = ctx_for_buft(buft);
+        if (!ctx) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create ggml context for kv cache");
+        }
+
+        const bool has_k = true;
+        const bool has_v = !is_mla;
+
+        ggml_tensor * k = has_k ? ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, type_k, n_embd_k_gqa, kv_size, n_stream) : nullptr;
+        ggml_tensor * v = has_v ? ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, type_v, n_embd_v_gqa, kv_size, n_stream) : nullptr;
+
+        has_k && ggml_format_name(k, "cache_k_l%d", il);
+        has_v && ggml_format_name(v, "cache_v_l%d", il);
+
+        std::vector<ggml_tensor *> k_stream;
+        std::vector<ggml_tensor *> v_stream;
+
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+            k_stream.push_back(has_k ? ggml_view_2d(ctx, k, n_embd_k_gqa, kv_size, k->nb[1], s*k->nb[2]) : nullptr);
+            v_stream.push_back(has_v ? ggml_view_2d(ctx, v, n_embd_v_gqa, kv_size, v->nb[1], s*v->nb[2]) : nullptr);
+        }
+
+        map_layer_ids[il] = layers.size();
+
+        layers.push_back({ il, k, v, k_stream, v_stream, });
+    }
+
+    if (reuse) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: reusing layers:\n", __func__);
+
+        for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; il++) {
+            const int32_t il_reuse = reuse(il);
+
+            if (il_reuse < 0) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - layer %3d: no reuse\n", __func__, il);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (filter && !filter(il)) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - layer %3d: filtered\n", __func__, il);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(map_layer_ids.find(il_reuse) != map_layer_ids.end());
+
+            map_layer_ids[il] = map_layer_ids[il_reuse];
+
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - layer %3d: reuse layer %d, is_swa = %d\n", __func__, il, il_reuse, hparams.is_swa(il));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // allocate tensors and initialize the buffers to avoid NaNs in the padding
+    for (auto & [buft, ctx] : ctx_map) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_t buf;
+        if (model.hparams.no_alloc) {
+            buf = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, /*size =*/ 0); // dummy buffer
+            for (ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx.get()); t != nullptr; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx.get(), t)) {
+                t->buffer = buf; // set dummy buffer for KV cache so that the backend scheduler won't try to allocate it
+            }
+        } else {
+            buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx.get(), buft); // real buffer
+        }
+        if (!buf) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer for kv cache");
+        }
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %10s KV buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf), ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf)/1024.0/1024.0);
+
+        ggml_backend_buffer_clear(buf, 0);
+        ctxs_bufs.emplace_back(std::move(ctx), buf);
+    }
+
+    {
+        const size_t memory_size_k = size_k_bytes();
+        const size_t memory_size_v = size_v_bytes();
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: size = %7.2f MiB (%6u cells, %3d layers, %2u/%u seqs), K (%s): %7.2f MiB, V (%s): %7.2f MiB\n", __func__,
+                (float)(memory_size_k + memory_size_v) / (1024.0f * 1024.0f), kv_size, (int) layers.size(), n_seq_max, n_stream,
+                ggml_type_name(type_k), (float)memory_size_k / (1024.0f * 1024.0f),
+                ggml_type_name(type_v), (float)memory_size_v / (1024.0f * 1024.0f));
+    }
+
+    const char * LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG = getenv("LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG");
+    debug = LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG ? atoi(LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG) : 0;
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::clear(bool data) {
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        v_cells[s].reset();
+        v_heads[s] = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (data) {
+        for (auto & [_, buf] : ctxs_bufs) {
+            ggml_backend_buffer_clear(buf.get(), 0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id == -1 || (seq_id >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id < seq_to_stream.size()));
+
+    if (p0 < 0) {
+        p0 = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (p1 < 0) {
+        p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
+    }
+
+    if (seq_id >= 0) {
+        auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+        auto & head  = v_heads[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+        uint32_t new_head = cells.size();
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id) && cells.seq_rm(i, seq_id)) {
+                if (new_head == cells.size()) {
+                    new_head = i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If we freed up a slot, set head to it so searching can start there.
+        if (new_head != cells.size() && new_head < head) {
+            head = new_head;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // match any sequence
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+            auto & cells = v_cells[s];
+            auto & head  = v_heads[s];
+
+            uint32_t new_head = cells.size();
+
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+                if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                cells.rm(i);
+
+                if (new_head == cells.size()) {
+                    new_head = i;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If we freed up a slot, set head to it so searching can start there.
+            if (new_head != cells.size() && new_head < head) {
+                head = new_head;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::seq_cp(llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id_src >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id_src < seq_to_stream.size());
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id_dst >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id_dst < seq_to_stream.size());
+
+    const auto s0 = seq_to_stream[seq_id_src];
+    const auto s1 = seq_to_stream[seq_id_dst];
+
+    if (s0 == s1) {
+        // since both sequences are in the same stream, no data copy is necessary
+        // we just have to update the cells meta data
+
+        auto & cells = v_cells[s0];
+
+        if (seq_id_src == seq_id_dst) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (p0 < 0) {
+            p0 = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (p1 < 0) {
+            p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
+        }
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id_src)) {
+                cells.seq_add(i, seq_id_dst);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // cross-stream sequence copies require to copy the actual buffer data
+
+    bool is_full = true;
+
+    if (p0 > 0 && p0 + 1 < (int) get_size()) {
+        is_full = false;
+    }
+
+    if (p1 > 0 && p1 + 1 < (int) get_size()) {
+        is_full = false;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(is_full && "seq_cp() is only supported for full KV buffers");
+
+    // enqueue the copy operation - the buffer copy will be performed during the next update
+    sc_info.ssrc.push_back(s0);
+    sc_info.sdst.push_back(s1);
+
+    v_cells[s1].reset();
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < v_cells[s0].size(); ++i) {
+        if (v_cells[s0].seq_has(i, seq_id_src)) {
+            llama_pos pos   = v_cells[s0].pos_get(i);
+            llama_pos shift = v_cells[s0].get_shift(i);
+
+            llama_kv_cell_ext ext = v_cells[s0].ext_get(i);
+
+            if (shift != 0) {
+                pos -= shift;
+                assert(pos >= 0);
+            }
+
+            v_cells[s1].pos_set(i, pos);
+            v_cells[s1].seq_add(i, seq_id_dst);
+
+            if (shift != 0) {
+                v_cells[s1].pos_add(i, shift);
+            }
+
+            v_cells[s1].ext_set(i, ext);
+        }
+    }
+
+    v_heads[s1] = v_heads[s0];
+
+    //for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+    //    LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: seq %d: min = %d, max = %d\n", __func__, s, v_cells[s].seq_pos_min(s), v_cells[s].seq_pos_max(s));
+    //}
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id < seq_to_stream.size());
+
+    auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+    auto & head  = v_heads[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+    uint32_t new_head = cells.size();
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+        if (cells.seq_keep(i, seq_id)) {
+            if (new_head == cells.size()) {
+                new_head = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If we freed up a slot, set head to it so searching can start there.
+    if (new_head != cells.size() && new_head < head) {
+        head = new_head;
+    }
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::seq_add(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id < seq_to_stream.size());
+    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_pos_per_embd() == 1 && "seq_add() is only supported for n_pos_per_embd() == 1");
+
+    auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+    auto & head  = v_heads[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+    if (shift == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t new_head = cells.size();
+
+    if (p0 < 0) {
+        p0 = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (p1 < 0) {
+        p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
+    }
+
+    // If there is no range then return early to avoid looping over all cells.
+    if (p0 == p1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id)) {
+            if (cells.pos_add(i, shift)) {
+                if (new_head == cells.size()) {
+                    new_head = i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If we freed up a slot, set head to it so searching can start there.
+    // Otherwise we just start the next search from the beginning.
+    head = new_head != cells.size() ? new_head : 0;
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::seq_div(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id < seq_to_stream.size());
+    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_pos_per_embd() == 1 && "seq_div() is only supported for n_pos_per_embd() == 1");
+
+    auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+    if (d == 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (p0 < 0) {
+        p0 = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (p1 < 0) {
+        p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
+    }
+
+    // If there is no range then return early to avoid looping over the cache.
+    if (p0 == p1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!cells.pos_in(i, p0, p1)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (cells.seq_has(i, seq_id)) {
+            cells.pos_div(i, d);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+llama_pos llama_kv_cache::seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id < seq_to_stream.size());
+
+    const auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+    return cells.seq_pos_min(seq_id);
+}
+
+llama_pos llama_kv_cache::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id < seq_to_stream.size());
+
+    const auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+    return cells.seq_pos_max(seq_id);
+}
+
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_kv_cache::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> ret;
+    for (const auto & [ctx, buf] : ctxs_bufs) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(buf.get());
+
+        if (hparams.no_alloc) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf.get()) == nullptr);
+            ret[buft] += ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_size(ctx.get(), buft);
+        } else {
+            // GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf.get()) != nullptr); // multi_buffer does not have a defined base
+            ret[buft] += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get());
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache::init_batch(
+            llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
+            uint32_t n_ubatch,
+            bool embd_all) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(embd_all);
+
+    do {
+        balloc.split_reset();
+
+        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
+        while (true) {
+            auto ubatch = n_stream == 1 ? balloc.split_simple(n_ubatch) : balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch, true);
+
+            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
+        }
+
+        if (balloc.get_n_used() < balloc.get_n_tokens()) {
+            // failed to find a suitable split
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto sinfos = prepare(ubatches);
+        if (sinfos.empty()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_context>(
+                this, std::move(sinfos), std::move(ubatches));
+    } while (false);
+
+    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache::init_full() {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_context>(this);
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(optimize);
+
+    bool do_shift = get_has_shift();
+
+    return std::make_unique<llama_kv_cache_context>(this, lctx, do_shift, std::move(sc_info));
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache::slot_info_vec_t llama_kv_cache::prepare(const std::vector<llama_ubatch> & ubatches) {
+    llama_kv_cache::slot_info_vec_t res;
+
+    struct state_t {
+        slot_info sinfo; // slot info for the ubatch
+
+        std::vector<uint32_t> v_heads_old; // old positions of the heads, before placing the ubatch
+
+        std::vector<llama_kv_cells> v_cells; // copy of the old cells, before placing the ubatch
+    };
+
+    // remember the old state of the cells so we can restore it in the end
+    std::vector<state_t> states;
+
+    bool success = true;
+
+    for (const auto & ubatch : ubatches) {
+        // only find a suitable slot for the ubatch. don't modify the cells yet
+        const auto sinfo_new = find_slot(ubatch, false);
+        if (sinfo_new.empty()) {
+            success = false;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // remember the position that we found
+        res.push_back(sinfo_new);
+
+        // store the old state of the cells in the recovery stack
+        {
+            state_t state = { sinfo_new, v_heads, {} };
+
+            for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo_new.n_stream(); ++s) {
+                auto & cells = v_cells[sinfo_new.strm[s]];
+
+                state.v_cells.push_back(cells.cp(sinfo_new.idxs[s]));
+            }
+
+            states.push_back(std::move(state));
+        }
+
+        // now emplace the ubatch
+        apply_ubatch(sinfo_new, ubatch);
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!states.empty() || !success);
+
+    // iterate backwards and restore the cells to their original state
+    for (auto it = states.rbegin(); it != states.rend(); ++it) {
+        const auto & sinfo = it->sinfo;
+
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo.n_stream(); ++s) {
+            auto & cells = v_cells[sinfo.strm[s]];
+            auto & head  = v_heads[sinfo.strm[s]];
+
+            cells.set(sinfo.idxs[s], it->v_cells[s]);
+            head = it->v_heads_old[s];
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!success) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache::update(llama_context * lctx, bool do_shift, const stream_copy_info & sc_info) {
+    bool updated = false;
+
+    auto * sched = lctx->get_sched();
+
+    if (!sc_info.empty()) {
+        assert(n_stream > 1 && "stream copy should never happen with a single stream");
+
+        llama_synchronize(lctx);
+
+        const size_t n_copy = sc_info.ssrc.size();
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_copy; ++i) {
+            const auto ssrc = sc_info.ssrc[i];
+            const auto sdst = sc_info.sdst[i];
+
+            assert(ssrc < n_stream);
+            assert(sdst < n_stream);
+
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: copying KV buffer: stream %d to stream %d\n", __func__, ssrc, sdst);
+
+            assert(ssrc != sdst);
+
+            for (uint32_t il = 0; il < layers.size(); ++il) {
+                const auto & layer = layers[il];
+
+                ggml_backend_tensor_copy(layer.k_stream[ssrc], layer.k_stream[sdst]);
+
+                if (layer.v_stream[ssrc]) {
+                    ggml_backend_tensor_copy(layer.v_stream[ssrc], layer.v_stream[sdst]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (do_shift) {
+        if (!get_can_shift()) {
+            GGML_ABORT("The current KV cache / model configuration does not support K-shift");
+        }
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: applying K-shift\n", __func__);
+
+        // apply K-shift if needed
+        if (hparams.rope_type != LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NONE) {
+            ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
+
+            auto * res = lctx->get_gf_res_reserve();
+
+            res->reset();
+
+            auto * gf = build_graph_shift(res, lctx);
+            if (!ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(sched, gf)) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate compute graph for K-shift\n", __func__);
+                return updated;
+            }
+
+            res->set_inputs(nullptr);
+
+            if (lctx->graph_compute(gf, false) != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to compute K-shift\n", __func__);
+                return updated;
+            }
+
+            updated = true;
+        }
+
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+            auto & cells = v_cells[s];
+
+            cells.reset_shift();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return updated;
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache::slot_info llama_kv_cache::find_slot(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, bool cont) const {
+
+    if (debug > 0) {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < ubatch.n_seqs_unq; ++s) {
+            const auto seq_id = ubatch.seq_id_unq[s];
+            const auto stream_id = seq_to_stream[seq_id];
+            const auto & cells = v_cells[stream_id];
+            const uint32_t head_cur = v_heads[stream_id];
+
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: stream[%d], n = %5d, used = %5d, head = %5d, size = %5d, n_swa = %5d\n",
+                    __func__, stream_id, cells.used_max_p1(), cells.get_used(), head_cur, get_size(), n_swa);
+
+            if ((debug == 2 && n_swa > 0) || debug > 2) {
+                std::string ss;
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+                    if (cells.is_empty(i)) {
+                        ss += '.';
+                    } else {
+                        assert(cells.seq_count(i) >= 1);
+
+                        if (cells.seq_count(i) == 1) {
+                            ss += std::to_string(cells.seq_get(i));
+                        } else {
+                            ss += 'M';
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (i%256 == 255) {
+                        ss += " *";
+                        ss += '\n';
+                    }
+                }
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("\n%s\n", ss.c_str());
+            }
+
+            if ((debug == 2 && n_swa > 0) || debug > 2) {
+                std::string ss;
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+                    std::string cur;
+                    if (cells.is_empty(i)) {
+                        cur = '.';
+                    } else {
+                        cur = std::to_string(cells.pos_get(i));
+                    }
+                    const int n = cur.size();
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 5 - n; ++j) {
+                        cur += ' ';
+                    }
+                    ss += cur;
+                    if (i%256 == 255) {
+                        ss += " *";
+                    }
+                    if (i%64 == 63) {
+                        ss += '\n';
+                    }
+                }
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("\n%s\n", ss.c_str());
+            }
+
+            for (int s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+                if (cells.seq_pos_min(s) < 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: stream[%d] min[%d] = %5d, max[%d] = %5d\n", __func__, stream_id, s, cells.seq_pos_min(s), s, cells.seq_pos_max(s));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
+    uint32_t n_seqs   = 1;
+
+    if (n_stream > 1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens % ubatch.n_seqs_unq == 0);
+
+        n_seqs   = ubatch.n_seqs_unq;
+        n_tokens = n_tokens / n_seqs;
+    }
+
+    slot_info res = {
+        /*.s0   =*/ LLAMA_MAX_SEQ,
+        /*.s1   =*/ 0,
+        /*.strm =*/ { },
+        /*.idxs =*/ { },
+    };
+
+    res.resize(n_seqs);
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_seqs; ++s) {
+        const auto seq_id = ubatch.seq_id_unq[s];
+
+        if (n_stream > 1) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_seq_id[s*n_tokens]    == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.seq_id  [s*n_tokens][0] == seq_id);
+        }
+
+        res.s0 = std::min<uint32_t>(res.s0, seq_to_stream[seq_id]);
+        res.s1 = std::max<uint32_t>(res.s1, seq_to_stream[seq_id]);
+
+        res.strm[s] = seq_to_stream[seq_id];
+        res.idxs[s].reserve(n_tokens);
+
+        const auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+        uint32_t head_cur = v_heads[seq_to_stream[seq_id]];
+
+        // if we have enough unused cells before the current head ->
+        //   better to start searching from the beginning of the cache, hoping to fill it
+        if (head_cur > cells.get_used() + 2*n_tokens) {
+            head_cur = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (n_tokens > cells.size()) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: n_tokens = %d > size = %u\n", __func__, n_tokens, cells.size());
+            return { };
+        }
+
+        uint32_t n_tested = 0;
+
+        // for continuous slots, we test that all tokens in the ubatch fit, starting from the current head
+        // for non-continuous slots, we test the tokens one by one
+        const uint32_t n_test = cont ? n_tokens : 1;
+
+        while (true) {
+            if (head_cur + n_test > cells.size()) {
+                n_tested += cells.size() - head_cur;
+                head_cur = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_test; i++) {
+                const auto idx = head_cur;
+
+                head_cur++;
+                n_tested++;
+
+                //const llama_pos    pos    = ubatch.pos[i];
+                //const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch.seq_id[i][0];
+
+                // can we use this cell? either:
+                //  - the cell is empty
+                //  - the cell is occupied only by one sequence:
+                //    - (disabled) mask causally, if the sequence is the same as the one we are inserting
+                //    - mask SWA, using current max pos for that sequence in the cache
+                //                always insert in the cell with minimum pos
+                bool can_use = cells.is_empty(idx);
+
+                if (!can_use && cells.seq_count(idx) == 1) {
+                    const llama_pos pos_cell = cells.pos_get(idx);
+
+                    // (disabled) causal mask
+                    // note: it's better to purge any "future" tokens beforehand
+                    //if (cells.seq_has(idx, seq_id)) {
+                    //    can_use = pos_cell >= pos;
+                    //}
+
+                    if (!can_use) {
+                        const llama_seq_id seq_id_cell = cells.seq_get(idx);
+
+                        // SWA mask
+                        if (llama_hparams::is_masked_swa(n_swa, swa_type, pos_cell, cells.seq_pos_max(seq_id_cell) + 1)) {
+                            can_use = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (can_use) {
+                    res.idxs[s].push_back(idx);
+                } else {
+                    if (cont) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (res.idxs[s].size() == n_tokens) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (cont) {
+                res.idxs[s].clear();
+            }
+
+            if (n_tested >= cells.size()) {
+                //LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to find a slot for %d tokens\n", __func__, n_tokens);
+                return { };
+            }
+        }
+
+        // we didn't find a suitable slot - return empty result
+        if (res.idxs[s].size() < n_tokens) {
+            return { };
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert(res.s1 >= res.s0);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::apply_ubatch(const slot_info & sinfo, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) {
+    // keep track of the max sequence position that we would overwrite with this ubatch
+    // for non-SWA cache, this would be always empty
+    llama_seq_id seq_pos_max_rm[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+        seq_pos_max_rm[s] = -1;
+    }
+
+    assert(ubatch.n_tokens == sinfo.n_stream()*sinfo.size());
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo.n_stream(); ++s) {
+        for (uint32_t ii = 0; ii < sinfo.size(); ++ii) {
+            const uint32_t i = s*sinfo.size() + ii;
+
+            auto & cells = v_cells[sinfo.strm[s]];
+
+            const auto idx = sinfo.idxs[s][ii];
+
+            if (!cells.is_empty(idx)) {
+                assert(cells.seq_count(idx) == 1);
+
+                const llama_seq_id seq_id = cells.seq_get(idx);
+                const llama_pos    pos    = cells.pos_get(idx);
+
+                seq_pos_max_rm[seq_id] = std::max(seq_pos_max_rm[seq_id], pos);
+
+                cells.rm(idx);
+            }
+
+            cells.pos_set(idx, ubatch.pos[i]);
+
+            if (ubatch.is_pos_2d()) {
+                llama_kv_cell_ext ext {
+                    /*.x =*/ ubatch.pos[i + ubatch.n_tokens*2],
+                    /*.y =*/ ubatch.pos[i + ubatch.n_tokens],
+                };
+                cells.ext_set(idx, ext);
+            }
+
+            for (int32_t s = 0; s < ubatch.n_seq_id[i]; s++) {
+                cells.seq_add(idx, ubatch.seq_id[i][s]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // note: we want to preserve the invariant that all positions between [pos_min, pos_max] for each sequence
+    //       will be present in the cache. so we have to purge any position which is less than those we would overwrite
+    //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13746#issuecomment-2916057092
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
+        if (seq_pos_max_rm[s] == -1) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(s < seq_to_stream.size());
+
+        auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[s]];
+
+        if (cells.seq_pos_min(s) <= seq_pos_max_rm[s]) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: purging positions [%d, %d] of sequence %d from KV cache\n",
+                    __func__, cells.seq_pos_min(s), seq_pos_max_rm[s], s);
+
+            seq_rm(s, cells.seq_pos_min(s), seq_pos_max_rm[s] + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // move the head at the end of the slot
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo.n_stream(); ++s) {
+        auto & head = v_heads[sinfo.strm[s]];
+
+        head = sinfo.idxs[s].back() + 1;
+    }
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache::get_can_shift() const {
+    // Step35 uses per-layer RoPE dims; K-shift assumes a single global n_rot.
+    if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_STEP35) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (hparams.n_pos_per_embd() > 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_kv_cache::get_size() const {
+    const auto & cells = v_cells[seq_to_stream[0]];
+
+    return cells.size();
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_kv_cache::get_n_stream() const {
+    return n_stream;
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache::get_has_shift() const {
+    bool result = false;
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        result |= v_cells[s].get_has_shift();
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_kv_cache::get_n_kv(const slot_info & sinfo) const {
+    uint32_t result = 0;
+
+    // pad the n_kv value so that the graph remains constant across batches and can be reused
+    // note: this also helps some backends with performance (f.ex https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16812#issuecomment-3455112220)
+    const uint32_t n_pad_cur = std::max(n_pad, 256u);
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo.n_stream(); ++s) {
+        const auto & cells = v_cells[sinfo.strm[s]];
+
+        result = std::max(std::min(cells.size(), std::max(n_pad_cur, GGML_PAD(cells.used_max_p1(), n_pad_cur))), result);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache::get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv, const slot_info & sinfo) const {
+    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
+
+    auto * k = layers[ikv].k;
+
+    const uint64_t kv_size      = get_size();
+    const uint64_t n_embd_k_gqa = k->ne[0];
+
+    assert(n_embd_k_gqa == hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il));
+
+    const uint32_t ns = sinfo.s1 - sinfo.s0 + 1;
+
+    return ggml_view_4d(ctx, k,
+            hparams.n_embd_head_k(il), hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_kv, ns,
+            ggml_row_size(k->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k(il)),
+            ggml_row_size(k->type, n_embd_k_gqa),
+            ggml_row_size(k->type, n_embd_k_gqa*kv_size),
+            ggml_row_size(k->type, n_embd_k_gqa*kv_size)*sinfo.s0);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache::get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv, const slot_info & sinfo) const {
+    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
+
+    auto * v = layers[ikv].v;
+
+    const uint64_t kv_size      = get_size();
+    const uint64_t n_embd_v_gqa = v->ne[0];
+
+    // [TAG_V_CACHE_VARIABLE]
+    assert(n_embd_v_gqa >= hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il));
+
+    const uint32_t ns = sinfo.s1 - sinfo.s0 + 1;
+
+    if (!v_trans) {
+        // note: v->nb[1] <= v->nb[2]
+        return ggml_view_4d(ctx, v,
+                hparams.n_embd_head_v(il), hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_kv, ns,
+                ggml_row_size(v->type, hparams.n_embd_head_v(il)),          // v->nb[1]
+                ggml_row_size(v->type, n_embd_v_gqa),                   // v->nb[2]
+                ggml_row_size(v->type, n_embd_v_gqa*kv_size),           // v->nb[3]
+                ggml_row_size(v->type, n_embd_v_gqa*kv_size)*sinfo.s0);
+    }
+
+    // note: v->nb[1] > v->nb[2]
+    return ggml_view_4d(ctx, v,
+            n_kv, hparams.n_head_kv(il), hparams.n_embd_head_v(il), ns,
+            ggml_row_size(v->type, kv_size*hparams.n_embd_head_v(il)),  // v->nb[1]
+            ggml_row_size(v->type, kv_size),                        // v->nb[2]
+            ggml_row_size(v->type, kv_size*n_embd_v_gqa),           // v->nb[3]
+            ggml_row_size(v->type, kv_size*n_embd_v_gqa)*sinfo.s0);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache::cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, ggml_tensor * k_idxs, int32_t il, const slot_info & sinfo) const {
+    GGML_UNUSED(sinfo);
+
+    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * k = layers[ikv].k;
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = k_cur->ne[0];
+    const int64_t n_head      = k_cur->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_tokens    = k_cur->ne[2];
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa = n_embd_head*n_head;
+
+    // we can merge dims 0 and 1
+    // TODO: add ggml helper function for this?
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_row_size(k_cur->type, n_embd_head) == k_cur->nb[1]);
+
+    k_cur = ggml_view_2d(ctx, k_cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, k_cur->nb[2], 0);
+
+    const int64_t n_stream = k->ne[2];
+
+    if (n_stream > 1) {
+        const int64_t kv_size = get_size();
+
+        assert(n_embd_gqa == k->ne[0]);
+        assert(kv_size    == k->ne[1]);
+
+        // merge the buffer across all streams because the idxs are global
+        k = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, k, n_embd_gqa, kv_size*n_stream);
+    }
+
+    // store the current K values into the cache
+    return ggml_set_rows(ctx, k, k_cur, k_idxs);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache::cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, ggml_tensor * v_idxs, int32_t il, const slot_info & sinfo) const {
+    GGML_UNUSED(sinfo);
+
+    const int32_t ikv = map_layer_ids.at(il);
+
+    auto * v = layers[ikv].v;
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = v_cur->ne[0];
+    const int64_t n_head      = v_cur->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_tokens    = v_cur->ne[2];
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa = n_embd_head*n_head;
+
+    // we can merge dims 0 and 1
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_row_size(v_cur->type, n_embd_head) == v_cur->nb[1]);
+
+    const int64_t n_stream = v->ne[2];
+
+    // take this branch when FA is enabled (the V cache is not transposed)
+    if (!v_trans) {
+        v_cur = ggml_view_2d(ctx, v_cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, v_cur->nb[2], 0);
+
+        if (n_stream > 1) {
+            const int64_t kv_size = get_size();
+
+            assert(n_embd_gqa == v->ne[0]);
+            assert(kv_size    == v->ne[1]);
+
+            // merge the buffer across all streams because the idxs are global
+            v = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, v, n_embd_gqa, kv_size*n_stream);
+        }
+
+        return ggml_set_rows(ctx, v, v_cur, v_idxs);
+    }
+
+    if (ggml_row_size(v_cur->type, n_embd_gqa) == v_cur->nb[2]) {
+        // we can merge dims 0, 1 and 2
+        v_cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, v_cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens);
+    } else {
+        // otherwise -> make a copy to get contiguous data
+        v_cur = ggml_cont_2d   (ctx, v_cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens);
+    }
+
+    // [TAG_V_CACHE_VARIABLE]
+    if (n_embd_gqa < v->ne[0]) {
+        v_cur = ggml_pad(ctx, v_cur, v->ne[0] - n_embd_gqa, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    // in this branch the v_idxs are constructed in such a way that each row is a single head element
+    ggml_tensor * v_view = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, v, 1, ggml_nelements(v));
+
+    v_cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, v_cur, 1, ggml_nelements(v_cur));
+
+    return ggml_set_rows(ctx, v_view, v_cur, v_idxs);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache::build_input_k_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const {
+    const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
+
+    ggml_tensor * k_idxs = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I64, n_tokens);
+
+    ggml_set_input(k_idxs);
+
+    return k_idxs;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache::build_input_v_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const {
+    const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
+
+    ggml_tensor * v_idxs;
+
+    if (!v_trans) {
+        v_idxs = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I64, n_tokens);
+    } else {
+        v_idxs = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I64, n_tokens*hparams.n_embd_v_gqa_max());
+    }
+
+    ggml_set_input(v_idxs);
+
+    return v_idxs;
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::set_input_k_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, const slot_info & sinfo) const {
+    const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens == (int64_t) sinfo.size()*sinfo.n_stream());
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
+    int64_t * data = (int64_t *) dst->data;
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo.n_stream(); ++s) {
+        const int64_t offs = sinfo.strm[s]*get_size();
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sinfo.size(); ++i) {
+            data[s*sinfo.size() + i] = offs + sinfo.idxs[s][i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::set_input_v_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, const slot_info & sinfo) const {
+    const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens == (int64_t) sinfo.size()*sinfo.n_stream());
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
+    int64_t * data = (int64_t *) dst->data;
+
+    if (!v_trans) {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo.n_stream(); ++s) {
+            const int64_t offs = sinfo.strm[s]*get_size();
+
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sinfo.size(); ++i) {
+                data[s*sinfo.size() + i] = offs + sinfo.idxs[s][i];
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // note: the V cache is transposed when not using flash attention
+        const int64_t kv_size = get_size();
+
+        const int64_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa_max();
+
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < sinfo.n_stream(); ++s) {
+            const int64_t offs = sinfo.strm[s]*kv_size*n_embd_v_gqa;
+
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sinfo.size(); ++i) {
+                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_v_gqa; ++j) {
+                    data[s*sinfo.size()*n_embd_v_gqa + i*n_embd_v_gqa + j] = offs + j*kv_size + sinfo.idxs[s][i];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::set_input_k_shift(ggml_tensor * dst) const {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
+
+    int32_t * data = (int32_t *) dst->data;
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        const auto & cells = v_cells[s];
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+            data[s*cells.size() + i] = cells.is_empty(i) ? 0 : cells.get_shift(i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct args_set_input_kq_mask {
+    const llama_hparams & hparams;
+    const llama_ubatch  * ubatch;
+
+    const std::vector<llama_kv_cells> & v_cells;
+    const std::vector<uint32_t>       & seq_to_stream;
+
+    uint32_t       n_swa;
+    llama_swa_type swa_type;
+
+    int64_t n_kv;
+    int64_t n_stream;
+    int64_t n_tps;
+};
+
+template<bool causal, bool swa, bool is_2d, bool alibi>
+static void set_input_kq_mask_impl(const args_set_input_kq_mask & args, float * data) {
+  //const auto & hparams = args.hparams;
+    const auto & ubatch  = args.ubatch;
+
+    const auto & v_cells       = args.v_cells;
+    const auto & seq_to_stream = args.seq_to_stream;
+
+    const uint32_t       n_swa    = args.n_swa;
+    const llama_swa_type swa_type = args.swa_type;
+
+    const int64_t n_kv     = args.n_kv;
+    const int64_t n_stream = args.n_stream;
+    const int64_t n_tps    = args.n_tps;
+
+    // the min position in the batch for each sequence
+    llama_pos seq_pos_min[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
+    std::fill(seq_pos_min, seq_pos_min + LLAMA_MAX_SEQ, INT32_MAX);
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch->n_tokens; ++i) {
+        const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch->seq_id[i][0];
+
+        seq_pos_min[seq_id] = std::min(seq_pos_min[seq_id], ubatch->pos[i]);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        // bookkeeping of the KQ mask cells that could change for other tokens of the same sequence
+        std::unordered_map<llama_seq_id, uint32_t>              seq_srct;
+        std::unordered_map<llama_seq_id, std::vector<uint32_t>> seq_idxs;
+
+        for (uint32_t ii = 0; ii < n_tps; ++ii) {
+            const uint32_t i = s*n_tps + ii;
+
+            const llama_seq_id seq_id = ubatch->seq_id[i][0];
+
+            const auto & cells = v_cells.at(seq_to_stream[seq_id]);
+
+                  llama_pos p0 = -1;
+            const llama_pos p1 = ubatch->pos[i];
+
+            // for M-RoPE
+            const llama_pos p1_x = is_2d ? ubatch->pos[i + ubatch->n_tokens*2] : 0;
+            const llama_pos p1_y = is_2d ? ubatch->pos[i + ubatch->n_tokens]   : 0;
+
+            const uint64_t idst = n_kv*i;
+
+            // for tokens of the same sequence, the mask is mostly the same, so we can reuse it
+            // the only cells that could change are the ones that are with similar positions as the
+            //   ones in the batch (i.e. due to causal masking, SWA, etc.)
+            // keep track of those cells and shortcut the loop to save time
+            // note: this optimization is not compatible with Alibi position encoding
+            // ref:  https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18842
+            bool prev = false;
+
+            auto & idxs = seq_idxs[seq_id];
+
+            if (!alibi) {
+                if (seq_srct.find(seq_id) != seq_srct.end()) {
+                    const uint32_t srct = seq_srct[seq_id];
+
+                    const uint64_t idst_prev = n_kv*srct;
+
+                    std::copy(data + idst_prev, data + idst_prev + n_kv, data + idst);
+
+                    prev = true;
+                } else {
+                    idxs.clear();
+                    idxs.reserve(ubatch->n_tokens + n_swa + 32);
+
+                    seq_srct[seq_id] = i;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (uint32_t jj = 0; jj < n_kv; ++jj) {
+                uint32_t j = jj;
+
+                // we have an exiting mask for this sequence -> update just seq_idxs
+                if (!alibi) {
+                    if (prev) {
+                        if (jj >= idxs.size()) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        j = idxs[jj];
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (cells.is_empty(j)) {
+                    goto skip;
+                }
+
+                // mask the token if not the same sequence
+                if (!cells.seq_has(j, seq_id)) {
+                    goto skip;
+                }
+
+                p0 = cells.pos_get(j);
+
+                if (!alibi) {
+                    if (!prev) {
+                        // record all cells for which: p0 >= seq_pos_min[seq_id] - n_swa - 32
+                        if (p0 + (int32_t) (n_swa + 32) >= seq_pos_min[seq_id]) {
+                            idxs.push_back(j);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (causal) {
+                    // mask future tokens
+                    if (p0 > p1) {
+                        goto skip;
+                    }
+
+                    // M-RoPE causal mask
+                    if (is_2d) {
+                        if (p0 == p1) {
+                            const auto & p0_ext = cells.ext_get(j);
+
+                            if (p0_ext.is_2d_gt(p1_x, p1_y)) {
+                                goto skip;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // apply SWA if any
+                if (swa) {
+                    if (llama_hparams::is_masked_swa(n_swa, swa_type, p0, p1)) {
+                        goto skip;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (alibi) {
+                    data[idst + j] = -std::abs(p0 - p1);
+                } else {
+                    data[idst + j] = 0.0f;
+                }
+
+                continue;
+skip:
+                data[idst + j] = -INFINITY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<bool causal, bool swa, bool is_2d>
+static void set_input_kq_mask_impl(const args_set_input_kq_mask & args, float * data) {
+    const bool alibi = args.hparams.use_alibi;
+    if (alibi) {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<causal, swa, is_2d, true> (args, data);
+    } else {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<causal, swa, is_2d, false>(args, data);
+    }
+}
+
+template<bool causal, bool swa>
+static void set_input_kq_mask_impl(const args_set_input_kq_mask & args, float * data) {
+    const bool is_2d = args.ubatch->is_pos_2d();
+    if (is_2d) {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<causal, swa, true> (args, data);
+    } else {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<causal, swa, false>(args, data);
+    }
+}
+
+template<bool causal>
+static void set_input_kq_mask_impl(const args_set_input_kq_mask & args, float * data) {
+    const bool swa = args.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+    if (swa) {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<causal, true> (args, data);
+    } else {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<causal, false>(args, data);
+    }
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::set_input_kq_mask(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const {
+    const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
+    float * data = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    const int64_t n_kv     = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t n_stream = dst->ne[3]; // num streams in the current ubatch
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens%n_stream == 0);
+
+    // n_tps == n_tokens_per_stream
+    const int64_t n_tps = n_tokens/n_stream;
+
+    //const int64_t t_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+    const args_set_input_kq_mask args = {
+        /*.hparams          =*/ hparams,
+        /*.ubatch           =*/ ubatch,
+        /*.v_cells          =*/ v_cells,
+        /*.seq_to_stream    =*/ seq_to_stream,
+        /*.n_swa            =*/ n_swa,
+        /*.swa_type         =*/ swa_type,
+        /*.n_kv             =*/ n_kv,
+        /*.n_stream         =*/ n_stream,
+        /*.n_tps            =*/ n_tps,
+    };
+
+    if (causal_attn) {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<true> (args, data);
+    } else {
+        set_input_kq_mask_impl<false>(args, data);
+    }
+
+    //const int64_t t_end = ggml_time_us();
+
+    //LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: kq mask time: %0.3f ms\n", __func__, (t_end - t_start)/1000.0);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const {
+    const int64_t n_tokens = ubatch->n_tokens;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_stream == 1 && "TODO: support multiple streams");
+    const auto & cells = v_cells[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst->buffer));
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ubatch->equal_seqs()); // TODO: use ubatch->n_seqs instead of failing
+
+    int32_t * data = (int32_t *) dst->data;
+
+    const int32_t n_kv = dst->ne[0];
+
+    for (int h = 0; h < 1; ++h) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < n_kv; ++j) {
+                // the position when the cells is empty is irrelevant - it will be masked out later in the attention
+                const llama_pos p0 = cells.is_empty(j) ? -1 : cells.pos_get(j);
+
+                data[h*(n_kv*n_tokens) + i*n_kv + j] = llama_relative_position_bucket(p0, ubatch->pos[i], hparams.n_rel_attn_bkts, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+size_t llama_kv_cache::total_size() const {
+    size_t size = 0;
+
+    for (const auto & [_, buf] : ctxs_bufs) {
+        size += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get());
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+size_t llama_kv_cache::size_k_bytes() const {
+    size_t size_k_bytes = 0;
+
+    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+        size_k_bytes += ggml_nbytes(layer.k);
+    }
+
+    return size_k_bytes;
+}
+
+size_t llama_kv_cache::size_v_bytes() const {
+    size_t size_v_bytes = 0;
+
+    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+        size_v_bytes += layer.v ? ggml_nbytes(layer.v) : 0;
+    }
+
+    return size_v_bytes;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache::build_rope_shift(
+        const llama_cparams & cparams,
+               ggml_context * ctx,
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                ggml_tensor * shift,
+                ggml_tensor * factors,
+                      float   freq_base,
+                      float   freq_scale,
+                   uint32_t   il) const {
+    const auto & n_ctx_orig = cparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn;
+
+    const auto & yarn_ext_factor  = cparams.yarn_ext_factor;
+    const auto & yarn_beta_fast   = cparams.yarn_beta_fast;
+    const auto & yarn_beta_slow   = cparams.yarn_beta_slow;
+    const auto & yarn_attn_factor = cparams.yarn_attn_factor;
+
+    const auto & n_rot     = hparams.n_rot(il);
+    const auto & rope_type = hparams.rope_type == LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE || hparams.rope_type == LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE
+                                // @ngxson : this is a workaround
+                                // for M-RoPE, we want to rotate the whole vector when doing KV shift
+                                // a normal RoPE should work, we just need to use the correct ordering
+                                // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13870
+                                ? LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX
+                                : hparams.rope_type;
+
+    ggml_tensor * tmp;
+
+    if (ggml_is_quantized(cur->type)) {
+        // dequantize to f32 -> RoPE -> quantize back
+        tmp = ggml_cast(ctx, cur, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+        tmp = ggml_rope_ext(ctx, tmp,
+                shift, factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                yarn_ext_factor, yarn_attn_factor, yarn_beta_fast, yarn_beta_slow);
+
+        tmp = ggml_cpy(ctx, tmp, cur);
+    } else {
+        // we rotate only the first n_rot dimensions
+        tmp = ggml_rope_ext_inplace(ctx, cur,
+                shift, factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                yarn_ext_factor, yarn_attn_factor, yarn_beta_fast, yarn_beta_slow);
+    }
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+class llm_graph_input_k_shift : public llm_graph_input_i {
+public:
+    llm_graph_input_k_shift(const llama_kv_cache * kv_self) : kv_self(kv_self) {}
+    virtual ~llm_graph_input_k_shift() = default;
+
+    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
+
+    ggml_tensor * k_shift; // I32 [kv_size*n_stream]
+
+    const llama_kv_cache * kv_self;
+};
+
+void llm_graph_input_k_shift::set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ubatch);
+
+    if (k_shift) {
+        kv_self->set_input_k_shift(k_shift);
+    }
+}
+
+ggml_cgraph * llama_kv_cache::build_graph_shift(llm_graph_result * res, llama_context * lctx) const {
+    auto * ctx = res->get_ctx();
+    auto * gf  = res->get_gf();
+
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_k_shift>(this);
+
+    inp->k_shift = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, (int64_t) get_size()*n_stream);
+    ggml_set_input(inp->k_shift);
+
+    const auto & cparams = lctx->get_cparams();
+
+    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+        const uint32_t il = layer.il;
+
+        const int64_t n_head_kv    = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+        const int64_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
+
+        const auto n_rot         = hparams.n_rot(il);
+        const auto n_embd_head_k = hparams.n_embd_head_k(il);
+        const auto n_embd_nope   = hparams.n_lora_kv > 0 ? n_embd_head_k - n_rot : 0;
+
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * k =
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx, layer.k,
+                n_rot, n_head_kv, get_size()*n_stream,
+                ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_head_k),
+                ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_k_gqa),
+                ggml_row_size(layer.k->type, n_embd_nope));
+
+        ggml_tensor * cur = build_rope_shift(cparams, ctx, k, inp->k_shift, rope_factors, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l, il);
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+    }
+
+    res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+
+    return gf;
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) const {
+    GGML_UNUSED(flags);
+
+    io.write(&n_stream, sizeof(n_stream));
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        cell_ranges_t cr { s, {} };
+
+        uint32_t cell_count = 0;
+
+        const auto & cells = v_cells[s];
+
+        // Count the number of cells with the specified seq_id
+        // Find all the ranges of cells with this seq id (or all, when -1)
+        uint32_t cell_range_begin = cells.size();
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cells.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!cells.is_empty(i) && (seq_id == -1 || cells.seq_has(i, seq_id))) {
+                ++cell_count;
+                if (cell_range_begin == cells.size()) {
+                    cell_range_begin = i;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (cell_range_begin != cells.size()) {
+                    cr.data.emplace_back(cell_range_begin, i);
+                    cell_range_begin = cells.size();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (cell_range_begin != cells.size()) {
+            cr.data.emplace_back(cell_range_begin, cells.size());
+        }
+
+        // DEBUG CHECK: Sum of cell counts in ranges should equal the total cell count
+        uint32_t cell_count_check = 0;
+        for (const auto & range : cr.data) {
+            cell_count_check += range.second - range.first;
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(cell_count == cell_count_check);
+
+        io.write(&cell_count, sizeof(cell_count));
+
+        // skip empty streams
+        if (cell_count == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        state_write_meta(io, cr, seq_id);
+        state_write_data(io, cr);
+    }
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(flags);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(seq_id == -1 || (seq_id >= 0 && (size_t) seq_id < seq_to_stream.size()));
+
+    uint32_t n_stream_cur;
+    io.read_to(&n_stream_cur, sizeof(n_stream_cur));
+    if (n_stream_cur != n_stream) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("n_stream mismatch");
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        uint32_t cell_count;
+        io.read_to(&cell_count, sizeof(cell_count));
+
+        if (cell_count == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t strm = seq_id == -1 ? s : seq_to_stream[seq_id];
+
+        slot_info sinfo;
+
+        bool res = true;
+        res = res && state_read_meta(io, strm, cell_count, sinfo, seq_id);
+        res = res && state_read_data(io, strm, cell_count, sinfo);
+
+        if (!res) {
+            if (seq_id == -1) {
+                clear(true);
+            } else {
+                seq_rm(seq_id, -1, -1);
+            }
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to restore kv cache");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::state_write_meta(llama_io_write_i & io, const cell_ranges_t & cr, llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+    const auto & cells = v_cells[cr.strm];
+
+    for (const auto & range : cr.data) {
+        for (uint32_t i = range.first; i < range.second; ++i) {
+            std::vector<llama_seq_id> seq_ids;
+
+            for (llama_seq_id cur = 0; cur < (int) n_seq_max; ++cur) {
+                if (cur == seq_id || seq_id == -1) {
+                    if (cells.seq_has(i, cur)) {
+                        seq_ids.push_back(cur);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            const llama_pos pos     = cells.pos_get(i);
+            const uint32_t n_seq_id = seq_ids.size();
+
+            io.write(&pos,      sizeof(pos));
+            io.write(&n_seq_id, sizeof(n_seq_id));
+
+            if (hparams.n_pos_per_embd() > 1) {
+                const llama_kv_cell_ext ext = cells.ext_get(i);
+                io.write(&ext, sizeof(ext));
+            }
+
+            for (const auto & seq_id : seq_ids) {
+                io.write(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const cell_ranges_t & cr) const {
+    const auto & cells = v_cells[cr.strm];
+
+    const uint32_t v_trans = this->v_trans ? 1 : 0;
+    const uint32_t n_layer = layers.size();
+
+    io.write(&v_trans, sizeof(v_trans));
+    io.write(&n_layer, sizeof(n_layer));
+
+    // Iterate and write all the keys first, each row is a cell
+    // Get whole range at a time
+    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+        const uint32_t il = layer.il;
+
+        const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
+
+        auto * k = layer.k_stream[cr.strm];
+
+        // Write key type
+        const int32_t k_type_i = (int32_t) k->type;
+        io.write(&k_type_i, sizeof(k_type_i));
+
+        // Write row size of key
+        const uint64_t k_size_row = ggml_row_size(k->type, n_embd_k_gqa);
+        io.write(&k_size_row, sizeof(k_size_row));
+
+        // Read each range of cells of k_size length and write out
+        for (const auto & range : cr.data) {
+            const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
+            const size_t buf_size = range_size * k_size_row;
+            io.write_tensor(k, range.first * k_size_row, buf_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!v_trans) {
+        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
+
+            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
+
+            auto * v = layer.v_stream[cr.strm];
+            if (!v) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Write value type
+            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t) v->type;
+            io.write(&v_type_i, sizeof(v_type_i));
+
+            // Write row size of value
+            const uint64_t v_size_row = ggml_row_size(v->type, n_embd_v_gqa);
+            io.write(&v_size_row, sizeof(v_size_row));
+
+            // Read each range of cells of v_size length and write out
+            for (const auto & range : cr.data) {
+                const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
+                const size_t buf_size = range_size * v_size_row;
+                io.write_tensor(v, range.first * v_size_row, buf_size);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // When v is transposed, we also need the element size and get the element ranges from each row
+        const uint32_t kv_size = cells.size();
+
+        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
+
+            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
+
+            auto * v = layer.v_stream[cr.strm];
+            if (!v) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Write value type
+            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t) v->type;
+            io.write(&v_type_i, sizeof(v_type_i));
+
+            // Write element size
+            const uint32_t v_size_el = ggml_type_size(v->type);
+            io.write(&v_size_el, sizeof(v_size_el));
+
+            // Write GQA embedding size
+            io.write(&n_embd_v_gqa, sizeof(n_embd_v_gqa));
+
+            // For each row, we get the element values of each cell
+            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_v_gqa; ++j) {
+                // Read each range of cells of v_size_el length and write out
+                for (const auto & range : cr.data) {
+                    const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
+                    const size_t src_offset = (range.first + j * kv_size) * v_size_el;
+                    const size_t buf_size = range_size * v_size_el;
+                    io.write_tensor(v, src_offset, buf_size);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache::state_read_meta(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t strm, uint32_t cell_count, slot_info & sinfo, llama_seq_id dest_seq_id) {
+    auto & cells = v_cells[strm];
+    auto & head  = v_heads[strm];
+
+    if (dest_seq_id != -1) {
+        // single sequence
+        seq_rm(dest_seq_id, -1, -1);
+
+        llama_batch_allocr balloc(hparams.n_pos_per_embd());
+
+        llama_ubatch ubatch = balloc.ubatch_reserve(cell_count, 1);
+
+        ubatch.seq_id_unq[0] = dest_seq_id;
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
+            llama_pos pos;
+            uint32_t n_seq_id;
+
+            io.read_to(&pos,      sizeof(pos));
+            io.read_to(&n_seq_id, sizeof(n_seq_id));
+
+            if (n_seq_id != 1) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid seq_id-agnostic kv cell\n", __func__);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (hparams.n_pos_per_embd() > 1) {
+                llama_kv_cell_ext ext;
+                io.read_to(&ext, sizeof(ext));
+
+                ubatch.pos[i + ubatch.n_tokens]   = ext.y;
+                ubatch.pos[i + ubatch.n_tokens*2] = ext.x;
+            }
+
+            // read the sequence id, but directly discard it - we will use dest_seq_id instead
+            {
+                llama_seq_id seq_id;
+                io.read_to(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
+            }
+
+            ubatch.pos[i]      = pos;
+            ubatch.n_seq_id[i] = n_seq_id;
+            ubatch.seq_id[i]   = &dest_seq_id;
+        }
+
+        sinfo = find_slot(ubatch, false);
+        if (sinfo.empty()) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to find available cells in kv cache\n", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: we cannot yet restore llama_kv_cell_ext as the apply_ubatch() does not support it yet
+        //       see: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16825#issuecomment-3460868350
+        apply_ubatch(sinfo, ubatch);
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: cell_count = %d, dest_seq_id = %d\n", __func__, cell_count, dest_seq_id);
+
+        // DEBUG CHECK: verify that all cells were allocated and have correct seq_id and pos values
+        GGML_ASSERT(sinfo.n_stream() == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(sinfo.idxs[0].size() == cell_count);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
+            const uint32_t idx = sinfo.idxs[0][i];
+            GGML_ASSERT(cells.pos_get(idx) == ubatch.pos[i]);
+            GGML_ASSERT(cells.seq_has(idx, dest_seq_id));
+        }
+    } else {
+        // whole KV cache restore
+
+        if (cell_count > cells.size()) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: not enough cells in kv cache\n", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        clear(true);
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
+            llama_pos pos;
+            uint32_t  n_seq_id;
+
+            io.read_to(&pos,      sizeof(pos));
+            io.read_to(&n_seq_id, sizeof(n_seq_id));
+
+            cells.pos_set(i, pos);
+
+            if (hparams.n_pos_per_embd() > 1) {
+                llama_kv_cell_ext ext;
+                io.read_to(&ext, sizeof(ext));
+                cells.ext_set(i, ext);
+            }
+
+            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_seq_id; ++j) {
+                llama_seq_id seq_id;
+                io.read_to(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
+
+                if (seq_id < 0 || (uint32_t) seq_id >= n_seq_max) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid seq_id, %d is out of range [0, %u)\n", __func__, seq_id, n_seq_max);
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                cells.seq_add(i, seq_id);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create contiguous slot_info for whole cache restore
+        sinfo.s0 = strm;
+        sinfo.s1 = strm;
+        sinfo.resize(1);
+        sinfo.strm[0] = strm;
+        sinfo.idxs[0].resize(cell_count);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
+            sinfo.idxs[0][i] = i;
+        }
+
+        head = 0;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t strm, uint32_t cell_count, const slot_info & sinfo) {
+    auto & cells = v_cells[strm];
+
+    uint32_t v_trans;
+    uint32_t n_layer;
+
+    io.read_to(&v_trans, sizeof(v_trans));
+    io.read_to(&n_layer, sizeof(n_layer));
+
+    if (n_layer != layers.size()) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched layer count (%u instead of %u)\n", __func__, n_layer, (uint32_t) layers.size());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (cell_count > cells.size()) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: not enough cells in kv cache to restore state (%u > %u)\n", __func__, cell_count, cells.size());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (this->v_trans != (bool) v_trans) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: incompatible V transposition\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // For each layer, read the keys for each cell, one row is one cell, read as one contiguous block
+    for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+        const uint32_t il = layer.il;
+
+        const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il);
+
+        auto * k = layer.k_stream[strm];
+
+        // Read type of key
+        int32_t k_type_i_ref;
+        io.read_to(&k_type_i_ref, sizeof(k_type_i_ref));
+        const int32_t k_type_i = (int32_t) k->type;
+        if (k_type_i != k_type_i_ref) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched key type (%d != %d, layer %d)\n", __func__, k_type_i, k_type_i_ref, il);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read row size of key
+        uint64_t k_size_row_ref;
+        io.read_to(&k_size_row_ref, sizeof(k_size_row_ref));
+        const size_t k_size_row = ggml_row_size(k->type, n_embd_k_gqa);
+        if (k_size_row != k_size_row_ref) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched key row size (%zu != %zu, layer %d)\n", __func__, k_size_row, (size_t) k_size_row_ref, il);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (cell_count) {
+            if (sinfo.is_contiguous()) {
+                // Fast path: contiguous cells, single memcpy
+                ggml_backend_tensor_set(k, io.read(cell_count * k_size_row), sinfo.head() * k_size_row, cell_count * k_size_row);
+            } else {
+                // Slow path: scatter to non-contiguous positions
+                const void * src = io.read(cell_count * k_size_row);
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
+                    const size_t dst_offset = sinfo.idxs[0][i] * k_size_row;
+                    ggml_backend_tensor_set(k, (const char*)src + i * k_size_row, dst_offset, k_size_row);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!this->v_trans) {
+        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
+
+            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
+
+            auto * v = layer.v_stream[strm];
+            if (!v) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Read type of value
+            int32_t v_type_i_ref;
+            io.read_to(&v_type_i_ref, sizeof(v_type_i_ref));
+            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t) v->type;
+            if (v_type_i != v_type_i_ref) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value type (%d != %d, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_type_i, v_type_i_ref, il);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Read row size of value
+            uint64_t v_size_row_ref;
+            io.read_to(&v_size_row_ref, sizeof(v_size_row_ref));
+            const size_t v_size_row = ggml_row_size(v->type, n_embd_v_gqa);
+            if (v_size_row != v_size_row_ref) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value row size (%zu != %zu, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_size_row, (size_t) v_size_row_ref, il);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (cell_count) {
+                if (sinfo.is_contiguous()) {
+                    // Fast path: contiguous cells, single memcpy
+                    ggml_backend_tensor_set(v, io.read(cell_count * v_size_row), sinfo.head() * v_size_row, cell_count * v_size_row);
+                } else {
+                    // Slow path: scatter to non-contiguous positions
+                    const void * src = io.read(cell_count * v_size_row);
+                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
+                        const size_t dst_offset = sinfo.idxs[0][i] * v_size_row;
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_set(v, (const char*)src + i * v_size_row, dst_offset, v_size_row);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // For each layer, read the values for each cell (transposed)
+        for (const auto & layer : layers) {
+            const uint32_t il = layer.il;
+
+            const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il);
+
+            auto * v = layer.v_stream[strm];
+            if (!v) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Read type of value
+            int32_t v_type_i_ref;
+            io.read_to(&v_type_i_ref, sizeof(v_type_i_ref));
+            const int32_t v_type_i = (int32_t) v->type;
+            if (v_type_i != v_type_i_ref) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value type (%d != %d, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_type_i, v_type_i_ref, il);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Read element size of value
+            uint32_t v_size_el_ref;
+            io.read_to(&v_size_el_ref, sizeof(v_size_el_ref));
+            const size_t v_size_el = ggml_type_size(v->type);
+            if (v_size_el != v_size_el_ref) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched value element size (%zu != %zu, layer %d)\n", __func__, v_size_el, (size_t) v_size_el_ref, il);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Read GQA embedding size
+            uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa_ref;
+            io.read_to(&n_embd_v_gqa_ref, sizeof(n_embd_v_gqa_ref));
+            if (n_embd_v_gqa != n_embd_v_gqa_ref) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched GQA embedding size (%u != %u, layer %d)\n", __func__, n_embd_v_gqa, n_embd_v_gqa_ref, il);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (cell_count) {
+                if (sinfo.is_contiguous()) {
+                    // Fast path: contiguous cells
+                    const uint32_t h = sinfo.head();
+                    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_v_gqa; ++j) {
+                        const size_t dst_offset = (h + j * cells.size()) * v_size_el;
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_set(v, io.read(cell_count * v_size_el), dst_offset, cell_count * v_size_el);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Slow path: scatter to non-contiguous positions
+                    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_v_gqa; ++j) {
+                        const void * src = io.read(cell_count * v_size_el);
+                        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cell_count; ++i) {
+                            const size_t dst_offset = (sinfo.idxs[0][i] + j * cells.size()) * v_size_el;
+                            ggml_backend_tensor_set(v, (const char*)src + i * v_size_el, dst_offset, v_size_el);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+//
+// llama_kv_cache_context
+//
+
+llama_kv_cache_context::llama_kv_cache_context(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
+
+llama_kv_cache_context::llama_kv_cache_context(
+        llama_kv_cache * kv) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), kv(kv) {
+    n_kv = kv->get_size();
+
+    const uint32_t n_stream = kv->get_n_stream();
+
+    // create a dummy slot info - the actual data is irrelevant. we just need to build the graph
+    sinfos.resize(1);
+    sinfos[0].s0 = 0;
+    sinfos[0].s1 = n_stream - 1;
+    sinfos[0].idxs.resize(n_stream);
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < n_stream; ++s) {
+        sinfos[0].strm.push_back(s);
+        sinfos[0].idxs[s].resize(1, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache_context::llama_kv_cache_context(
+        llama_kv_cache * kv,
+        llama_context * lctx,
+        bool do_shift,
+        stream_copy_info sc_info) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), kv(kv), lctx(lctx), do_shift(do_shift), sc_info(std::move(sc_info)) {
+    if (!do_shift && this->sc_info.empty()) {
+        status = LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE;
+    }
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache_context::llama_kv_cache_context(
+        llama_kv_cache * kv,
+        llama_kv_cache::slot_info_vec_t sinfos,
+        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), kv(kv), sinfos(std::move(sinfos)), ubatches(std::move(ubatches)) {
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache_context::~llama_kv_cache_context() = default;
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_context::next() {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    if (++i_cur >= ubatches.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_context::apply() {
+    assert(!llama_memory_status_is_fail(status));
+
+    // no ubatches -> this is a KV cache update
+    if (ubatches.empty()) {
+        kv->update(lctx, do_shift, sc_info);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    kv->apply_ubatch(sinfos[i_cur], ubatches[i_cur]);
+    n_kv = kv->get_n_kv(sinfos[i_cur]);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+llama_memory_status llama_kv_cache_context::get_status() const {
+    return status;
+}
+
+const llama_ubatch & llama_kv_cache_context::get_ubatch() const {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    return ubatches[i_cur];
+}
+
+uint32_t llama_kv_cache_context::get_n_kv() const {
+    return n_kv;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_context::get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const {
+    return kv->get_k(ctx, il, n_kv, sinfos[i_cur]);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_context::get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const {
+    return kv->get_v(ctx, il, n_kv, sinfos[i_cur]);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_context::cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, ggml_tensor * k_idxs, int32_t il) const {
+    return kv->cpy_k(ctx, k_cur, k_idxs, il, sinfos[i_cur]);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_context::cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, ggml_tensor * v_idxs, int32_t il) const {
+    return kv->cpy_v(ctx, v_cur, v_idxs, il, sinfos[i_cur]);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_context::build_input_k_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const {
+    return kv->build_input_k_idxs(ctx, ubatch);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llama_kv_cache_context::build_input_v_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const {
+    return kv->build_input_v_idxs(ctx, ubatch);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_context::set_input_k_shift(ggml_tensor * dst) const {
+    kv->set_input_k_shift(dst);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_context::set_input_k_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const {
+    kv->set_input_k_idxs(dst, ubatch, sinfos[i_cur]);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_context::set_input_v_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const {
+    kv->set_input_v_idxs(dst, ubatch, sinfos[i_cur]);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_context::set_input_kq_mask(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const {
+    kv->set_input_kq_mask(dst, ubatch, causal_attn);
+}
+
+void llama_kv_cache_context::set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const {
+    kv->set_input_pos_bucket(dst, ubatch);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache.h
index 2d04705f278..33c78c5f210 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cache.h
@@ -1,44 +1,389 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "llama.h"
-#include "llama-io.h"
+#include "llama-batch.h"
+#include "llama-graph.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cells.h"
 #include "llama-memory.h"
 
-struct llama_kv_cache : public llama_memory_i {
-    virtual ~llama_kv_cache() = default;
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
 
-    // split the input batch into a set of ubatches and verify that they can fit into the cache
-    // return a state object containing the ubatches and KV cache state required to process them
-    // check the llama_memory_state_i::get_status() for the result
-    virtual llama_memory_state_ptr init_batch(
-            const llama_batch & batch,
+struct llama_cparams;
+struct llama_hparams;
+struct llama_model;
+struct llama_context;
+
+//
+// llama_kv_cache
+//
+
+class llama_kv_cache : public llama_memory_i {
+public:
+    struct stream_copy_info {
+        bool empty() const {
+            assert(ssrc.size() == sdst.size());
+            return ssrc.empty();
+        }
+
+        std::vector<uint32_t> ssrc;
+        std::vector<uint32_t> sdst;
+    };
+
+    // for each ubatch, create a slot_info that contains information about where the ubatch should be inserted in the
+    //   KV cells. for example, cell indices for each token, such that: token[i] -> goes to cells[idxs[i]]
+    struct slot_info {
+        // data for ggml_set_rows
+        using idx_vec_t = std::vector<uint32_t>;
+
+        // number of streams: ns = s1 - s0 + 1
+        uint32_t s0;
+        uint32_t s1;
+
+        std::vector<llama_seq_id> strm; // [ns]
+        std::vector<idx_vec_t>    idxs; // [ns]
+
+        uint32_t head() const {
+            GGML_ASSERT(idxs.size() == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(!idxs[0].empty());
+
+            return idxs[0][0];
+        }
+
+        void resize(size_t n) {
+            strm.resize(n);
+            idxs.resize(n);
+        }
+
+        size_t size() const {
+            GGML_ASSERT(idxs.size() == strm.size());
+            GGML_ASSERT(!idxs.empty());
+
+            return idxs[0].size();
+        }
+
+        size_t n_stream() const {
+            return strm.size();
+        }
+
+        bool empty() const {
+            return idxs.empty();
+        }
+
+        void clear() {
+            idxs.clear();
+        }
+
+        // check if indices are contiguous starting from head()
+        bool is_contiguous() const {
+            if (idxs.empty() || idxs[0].empty()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (idxs.size() > 1) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const uint32_t h = idxs[0][0];
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < idxs[0].size(); ++i) {
+                if (idxs[0][i] != h + i) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    using slot_info_vec_t = std::vector<slot_info>;
+
+    llama_kv_cache(
+            const llama_model & model,
+                    ggml_type   type_k,
+                    ggml_type   type_v,
+                         bool   v_trans,
+                         bool   offload,
+                         bool   unified,
+                     uint32_t   kv_size,
+                     uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+                     uint32_t   n_pad,
+                     uint32_t   n_swa,
+               llama_swa_type   swa_type,
+        const layer_filter_cb & filter,
+        const  layer_reuse_cb & reuse);
+
+    ~llama_kv_cache() = default;
+
+    //
+    // llama_memory_i
+    //
+
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_batch(
+            llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
             uint32_t n_ubatch,
-            bool embd_pooled,
-            bool logits_all) = 0;
+            bool embd_all) override;
+
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_full() override;
+
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
+
+    bool get_can_shift() const override;
+
+    void clear(bool data) override;
+
+    bool seq_rm  (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
+    void seq_cp  (llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
+    void seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id)                                                          override;
+    void seq_add (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) override;
+    void seq_div (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) override;
+
+    llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
+    llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
-    // simulate full cache, used for allocating worst-case compute buffers
-    virtual llama_memory_state_ptr init_full() = 0;
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
 
-    // process any pending defrag/shift/etc. operations
-    // optionally call once before processing a new batch
-    // return true if any operations were performed
-    virtual bool update(llama_context & lctx) = 0;
+    // state write/load
 
-    // schedule a defrag if the fragmentation threshold is exceeded. otherwise, do nothing
-    // TODO: change to
-    //   llama_memory_state_ptr init_defrag(float thold) = 0;
+    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
+    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) override;
+
+    //
+    // llama_kv_cache specific API
+    //
+
+    uint32_t get_size()     const;
+    uint32_t get_n_stream() const;
+
+    bool get_has_shift() const;
+
+    //
+    // graph_build API
     //
-    virtual void defrag_sched(float thold) = 0;
 
-    // getters
-    virtual bool get_can_shift() const = 0;
+    uint32_t get_n_kv(const slot_info & sinfo) const;
+
+    // get views of the current state of the cache
+    ggml_tensor * get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv, const slot_info & sinfo) const;
+    ggml_tensor * get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il, uint32_t n_kv, const slot_info & sinfo) const;
+
+    // store k_cur and v_cur in the cache based on the provided head location
+    ggml_tensor * cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, ggml_tensor * k_idxs, int32_t il, const slot_info & sinfo) const;
+    ggml_tensor * cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, ggml_tensor * v_idxs, int32_t il, const slot_info & sinfo) const;
+
+    //
+    // preparation API
+    //
+
+    // find places for the provided ubatches in the cache, returns the slot infos
+    // return empty vector on failure
+    slot_info_vec_t prepare(const std::vector<llama_ubatch> & ubatches);
+
+    bool update(llama_context * lctx, bool do_shift, const stream_copy_info & sc_info);
+
+    // find a slot of kv cells that can hold the ubatch
+    // if cont == true, then the slot must be continuous
+    // return empty slot_info on failure
+    slot_info find_slot(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, bool cont) const;
+
+    // emplace the ubatch context into slot: [sinfo.idxs[0...ubatch.n_tokens - 1]]
+    void apply_ubatch(const slot_info & sinfo, const llama_ubatch & ubatch);
+
+    //
+    // input API
+    //
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_input_k_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const;
+    ggml_tensor * build_input_v_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const;
+
+    void set_input_k_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, const slot_info & sinfo) const;
+    void set_input_v_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, const slot_info & sinfo) const;
+
+    void set_input_k_shift(ggml_tensor * dst) const;
+
+    void set_input_kq_mask   (ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const;
+    void set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const;
+
+private:
+    const llama_model & model;
+    const llama_hparams & hparams;
+
+    struct kv_layer {
+        // layer index in the model
+        // note: can be different from the layer index in the KV cache
+        uint32_t il;
+
+        ggml_tensor * k;
+        ggml_tensor * v;
+
+        std::vector<ggml_tensor *> k_stream;
+        std::vector<ggml_tensor *> v_stream;
+    };
+
+    bool v_trans = true;  // the value tensor is transposed
+
+    const uint32_t n_seq_max = 1;
+    const uint32_t n_stream  = 1;
+
+    // required padding
+    const uint32_t n_pad = 1;
+
+    // SWA
+    const uint32_t n_swa = 0;
+
+    // env: LLAMA_KV_CACHE_DEBUG
+    int debug = 0;
+
+    // this is the SWA type of the cache - not to be confused with the model SWA type
+    const llama_swa_type swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+
+    // ggml contexts for the KV cache along with the allocated backend buffers:
+    std::vector<std::pair<ggml_context_ptr, ggml_backend_buffer_ptr>> ctxs_bufs;
+
+    // the current index from where we start searching for a free slot in the ring buffer of KV cells (see find_slot())
+    // note: this is not part of the KV state and it's only used to speed-up the find_slot() method
+    std::vector<uint32_t> v_heads;
+
+    std::vector<llama_kv_cells> v_cells;
+
+    // maps from a sequence id to a stream id
+    std::vector<uint32_t> seq_to_stream;
+
+    // pending stream copies that will be applied during the next update
+    stream_copy_info sc_info;
+
+    std::vector<kv_layer> layers;
+
+    // model layer id -> KV cache layer id
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, int32_t> map_layer_ids;
+
+    size_t total_size() const;
+
+    size_t size_k_bytes() const;
+    size_t size_v_bytes() const;
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_rope_shift(
+            const llama_cparams & cparams,
+                   ggml_context * ctx,
+                    ggml_tensor * cur,
+                    ggml_tensor * shift,
+                    ggml_tensor * factors,
+                          float   freq_base,
+                          float   freq_scale,
+                       uint32_t   il) const;
+
+    ggml_cgraph * build_graph_shift(
+               llm_graph_result * res,
+                  llama_context * lctx) const;
+
+    struct cell_ranges_t {
+        uint32_t strm;
+
+        std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> data; // ranges, from inclusive, to exclusive
+    };
+
+    void state_write_meta(llama_io_write_i & io, const cell_ranges_t & cr, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const;
+    void state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const cell_ranges_t & cr) const;
+
+    bool state_read_meta(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t strm, uint32_t cell_count,       slot_info & sinfo, llama_seq_id dest_seq_id = -1);
+    bool state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t strm, uint32_t cell_count, const slot_info & sinfo);
+};
+
+class llama_kv_cache_context : public llama_memory_context_i {
+public:
+    // some shorthands
+    using slot_info_vec_t  = llama_kv_cache::slot_info_vec_t;
+    using stream_copy_info = llama_kv_cache::stream_copy_info;
+
+    // used for errors
+    llama_kv_cache_context(llama_memory_status status);
+
+    // used to create a full-cache context
+    llama_kv_cache_context(
+            llama_kv_cache * kv);
+
+    // used to create an update context
+    llama_kv_cache_context(
+            llama_kv_cache * kv,
+            llama_context * lctx,
+            bool do_shift,
+            stream_copy_info sc_info);
+
+    // used to create a batch processing context from a batch
+    llama_kv_cache_context(
+            llama_kv_cache * kv,
+            slot_info_vec_t sinfos,
+            std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches);
+
+    virtual ~llama_kv_cache_context();
+
+    //
+    // llama_memory_context_i
+    //
+
+    bool next()  override;
+    bool apply() override;
+
+    llama_memory_status  get_status() const override;
+    const llama_ubatch & get_ubatch() const override;
+
+    //
+    // llama_kv_cache_context specific API
+    //
+
+    uint32_t get_n_kv() const;
+
+    // get views of the current state of the cache
+    ggml_tensor * get_k(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const;
+    ggml_tensor * get_v(ggml_context * ctx, int32_t il) const;
+
+    // store k_cur and v_cur in the cache based on the provided head location
+    // note: the heads in k_cur and v_cur should be layed out contiguously in memory
+    //   - k_cur  [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
+    //   - k_idxs [n_tokens]
+    //   - v_cur  [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
+    //   - v_idxs [n_tokens] or [n_tokens*n_embd_v_gqa] depending if V cache is transposed
+    ggml_tensor * cpy_k(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * k_cur, ggml_tensor * k_idxs, int32_t il) const;
+    ggml_tensor * cpy_v(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * v_cur, ggml_tensor * v_idxs, int32_t il) const;
+
+    // create destination indices for each head of the current batch for where it would be written in the KV cache
+    // the indices address the global KV cache (not per stream) - this is not relevant for the user of this API, but
+    //   helps understand the implementation logic of cpy_k and cpy_v
+    ggml_tensor * build_input_k_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const;
+    ggml_tensor * build_input_v_idxs(ggml_context * ctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch) const;
+
+    void set_input_k_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const;
+    void set_input_v_idxs(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const;
+
+    void set_input_k_shift   (ggml_tensor * dst) const;
+    void set_input_kq_mask   (ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch, bool causal_attn) const;
+    void set_input_pos_bucket(ggml_tensor * dst, const llama_ubatch * ubatch) const;
+
+private:
+    llama_memory_status status;
+
+    llama_kv_cache * kv;
+    llama_context * lctx;
+
+    //
+    // update context
+    //
+
+    bool do_shift = false;
+
+    stream_copy_info sc_info;
+
+    //
+    // batch processing context
+    //
+
+    // the index of the cur ubatch to process
+    size_t i_cur = 0;
+
+    slot_info_vec_t sinfos;
 
-    bool get_can_edit() const override { return get_can_shift(); }
+    std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
 
     //
-    // state write/read
+    // data needed for building the compute graph for the current ubatch:
     //
 
-    virtual void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const = 0;
-    virtual void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) = 0;
+    // a heuristic, to avoid attending the full cache if it is not yet utilized
+    // as the cache gets filled, the benefit from this heuristic disappears
+    int32_t n_kv;
 };
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cells.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cells.h
index 349e9032e24..10063bf4272 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cells.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-kv-cells.h
@@ -5,16 +5,36 @@
 
 #include <bitset>
 #include <cassert>
-#include <vector>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <map>
 #include <set>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct llama_kv_cell_ext {
+    // 2D spatial positions, typically used for M-RoPE
+    llama_pos x = 0;
+    llama_pos y = 0;
+
+    // return true if the current 2D spatial position is greater than other
+    bool is_2d_gt(llama_pos ox, llama_pos oy) const {
+        return (y > oy) || (y == oy && x > ox);
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<llama_kv_cell_ext>);
+
+        memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    }
+};
 
 // meta information about KV cells that can be part of multiple sequences at the same time
 // TODO: add unit tests
-class llama_kv_cells_unified {
+class llama_kv_cells {
 public:
     void reset() {
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pos.size(); ++i) {
             pos[i]   = -1;
+            ext[i].reset();
             shift[i] =  0;
             seq[i].reset();
         }
@@ -42,6 +62,7 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
 
     void resize(uint32_t n) {
         pos.resize(n);
+        ext.resize(n);
         shift.resize(n);
         seq.resize(n);
 
@@ -76,68 +97,124 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
     }
 
     // move cell isrc to idst (used during defrag)
-    void mv(uint32_t isrc, uint32_t idst) {
-        assert(isrc < pos.size());
-        assert(idst < pos.size());
+    //void mv(uint32_t isrc, uint32_t idst) {
+    //    assert(isrc < pos.size());
+    //    assert(idst < pos.size());
 
-        assert(pos[idst] == -1);
-        assert(pos[isrc] != -1);
+    //    assert(pos[idst] == -1);
+    //    assert(pos[isrc] != -1);
 
-        pos  [idst] = pos  [isrc];
-        shift[idst] = shift[isrc];
-        seq  [idst] = seq  [isrc];
+    //    pos  [idst] = pos  [isrc];
+    //    shift[idst] = shift[isrc];
+    //    seq  [idst] = seq  [isrc];
 
-        pos  [isrc] = -1;
-        shift[isrc] =  0;
-        seq  [isrc].reset();
+    //    pos  [isrc] = -1;
+    //    shift[isrc] =  0;
+    //    seq  [isrc].reset();
 
-        used.erase (isrc);
-        used.insert(idst);
-    }
+    //    used.erase (isrc);
+    //    used.insert(idst);
+    //}
 
     // copy the state of cells [i, i + n) (used for save/restore the state of the cells)
-    llama_kv_cells_unified cp(uint32_t i, uint32_t n) const {
+    llama_kv_cells cp(uint32_t i, uint32_t n) const {
         assert(i + n <= pos.size());
 
-        llama_kv_cells_unified res;
+        llama_kv_cells res;
 
         res.resize(n);
 
         for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
-            res.pos[j] = pos[i + j];
-            res.seq[j] = seq[i + j];
+            const auto idx = i + j;
+
+            res.pos[j] = pos[idx];
+            res.ext[j] = ext[idx];
+            res.seq[j] = seq[idx];
+
+            assert(shift[idx] == 0);
+        }
 
-            assert(shift[i + j] == 0);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    // copy the state of cells [idxs[0], idxs[1], ..., idxs[idxs.size() - 1])
+    llama_kv_cells cp(const std::vector<uint32_t> & idxs) const {
+        llama_kv_cells res;
+
+        res.resize(idxs.size());
+
+        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < idxs.size(); ++j) {
+            const auto idx = idxs[j];
+
+            res.pos[j] = pos[idx];
+            res.ext[j] = ext[idx];
+            res.seq[j] = seq[idx];
+
+            assert(shift[idx] == 0);
         }
 
         return res;
     }
 
     // set the state of cells [i, i + other.pos.size()) (used for save/restore the state of the cells)
-    void set(uint32_t i, const llama_kv_cells_unified & other) {
+    void set(uint32_t i, const llama_kv_cells & other) {
         assert(i + other.pos.size() <= pos.size());
 
         for (uint32_t j = 0; j < other.pos.size(); ++j) {
-            if (pos[i + j] == -1 && other.pos[j] != -1) {
+            const auto idx = i + j;
+
+            if (pos[idx] == -1 && other.pos[j] != -1) {
                 used.insert(i + j);
             }
 
-            if (pos[i + j] != -1 && other.pos[j] == -1) {
+            if (pos[idx] != -1 && other.pos[j] == -1) {
                 used.erase(i + j);
             }
 
-            if (pos[i + j] != -1) {
+            if (pos[idx] != -1) {
                 seq_pos_rm(i + j);
             }
 
-            pos[i + j] = other.pos[j];
-            seq[i + j] = other.seq[j];
+            pos[idx] = other.pos[j];
+            ext[idx] = other.ext[j];
+            seq[idx] = other.seq[j];
 
-            if (pos[i + j] != -1) {
+            if (pos[idx] != -1) {
                 seq_pos_add(i + j);
             }
 
-            assert(shift[i + j] == 0);
+            assert(shift[idx] == 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // set the state of cells [idxs[0], idxs[1], ..., idxs[idxs.size() - 1])
+    void set(const std::vector<uint32_t> & idxs, const llama_kv_cells & other) {
+        assert(idxs.size() == other.pos.size());
+
+        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < other.pos.size(); ++j) {
+            const auto idx = idxs[j];
+
+            if (pos[idx] == -1 && other.pos[j] != -1) {
+                used.insert(idx);
+            }
+
+            if (pos[idx] != -1 && other.pos[j] == -1) {
+                used.erase(idx);
+            }
+
+            if (pos[idx] != -1) {
+                seq_pos_rm(idx);
+            }
+
+            pos[idx] = other.pos[j];
+            ext[idx] = other.ext[j];
+            seq[idx] = other.seq[j];
+
+            if (pos[idx] != -1) {
+                seq_pos_add(idx);
+            }
+
+            assert(shift[idx] == 0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -150,6 +227,7 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
         seq[i].reset();
 
         pos[i] = -1;
+        ext[i].reset();
         shift[i] = 0;
 
         used.erase(i);
@@ -164,10 +242,11 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
         assert(seq_id >= 0);
 
         seq[i].reset(seq_id);
-        seq_pos[seq_id].erase(pos[i]);
+        seq_pos_dec(seq_id, pos[i]);
 
         if (seq[i].none()) {
             pos[i] = -1;
+            ext[i].reset();
             shift[i] = 0;
 
             used.erase(i);
@@ -187,7 +266,7 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
             seq[i].reset();
 
             seq[i].set(seq_id);
-            seq_pos[seq_id].insert(pos[i]);
+            seq_pos_inc(seq_id, pos[i]);
 
             return false;
         }
@@ -197,6 +276,7 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
             seq[i].reset();
 
             pos[i] = -1;
+            ext[i].reset();
             shift[i] = 0;
 
             used.erase(i);
@@ -232,7 +312,7 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
         assert(!seq[i].test(seq_id));
 
         seq[i].set(seq_id);
-        seq_pos[seq_id].insert(pos[i]);
+        seq_pos_inc(seq_id, pos[i]);
     }
 
     // return the sequence id of this cell
@@ -259,7 +339,9 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
             return -1;
         }
 
-        return *seq_pos[seq_id].begin();
+        assert(seq_pos[seq_id].begin()->second > 0);
+
+        return seq_pos[seq_id].begin()->first;
     }
 
     // the maximum position of sequence seq_id currently present in any of the cells
@@ -272,7 +354,9 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
             return -1;
         }
 
-        return *seq_pos[seq_id].rbegin();
+        assert(seq_pos[seq_id].rbegin()->second > 0);
+
+        return seq_pos[seq_id].rbegin()->first;
     }
 
     // note: call only if the cell is not empty
@@ -283,6 +367,13 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
         return pos[i];
     }
 
+    const llama_kv_cell_ext & ext_get(uint32_t i) const {
+        assert(i < pos.size());
+        assert(pos[i] != -1);
+
+        return ext[i];
+    }
+
     // note: call only if the cell is not empty
     llama_pos get_shift(uint32_t i) const {
         assert(i < pos.size());
@@ -311,6 +402,11 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
         used.insert(i);
     }
 
+    void ext_set(uint32_t i, llama_kv_cell_ext p) {
+        assert(i < ext.size());
+        ext[i] = p;
+    }
+
     // pos[i] = pos[i] + d
     // sets "has_shift" to true
     // note: call only if the cell is not empty
@@ -367,6 +463,9 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
 
     std::vector<llama_pos> pos;
 
+    // stores extra info per cell
+    std::vector<llama_kv_cell_ext> ext;
+
     // this array accumulates any applied shifts to the pos array since the last reset_shift() call
     // this is used to queue multiple updates to the pos array, which in the end can be applied in one go:
     //
@@ -389,17 +488,36 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
     // the bitset seq[i] tells us which sequences are currently occupying the i-th cell
     std::vector<seq_set_t> seq;
 
-    // the set seq_pos[s] tells us which positions are currently present for sequence s
+    // the set seq_pos[s][p] tells us how many times the position p is currently present for sequence s
+    // if the position p is not present, seq_pos[s][p] is not set
     // this way seq_pos[s].begin() and seq_pos[s].rbegin() give us the min/max positions currently in the cache
-    std::set<llama_pos> seq_pos[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
+    //
+    // note that we cannot a use an std::set because in some cases a position can occur more than once for the same seq:
+    //  - during performing a cache reuse via (rm + add)
+    //  - some vision models have input embeddings with repeating positions
+    //
+    std::map<llama_pos, int> seq_pos[LLAMA_MAX_SEQ];
 
     // helper functions for updating `seq_pos`, once cell at a time:
 
+    void seq_pos_dec(llama_seq_id s, llama_pos p) {
+        auto it = seq_pos[s].find(p);
+        assert(it != seq_pos[s].end());
+
+        if (--it->second == 0) {
+            seq_pos[s].erase(it);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void seq_pos_inc(llama_seq_id s, llama_pos p) {
+        seq_pos[s][p]++;
+    }
+
     // remove cell i
     void seq_pos_rm(uint32_t i) {
         for (int s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
             if (seq[i].test(s)) {
-                seq_pos[s].erase(pos[i]);
+                seq_pos_dec(s, pos[i]);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -408,7 +526,7 @@ class llama_kv_cells_unified {
     void seq_pos_add(uint32_t i) {
         for (int s = 0; s < LLAMA_MAX_SEQ; ++s) {
             if (seq[i].test(s)) {
-                seq_pos[s].insert(pos[i]);
+                seq_pos_inc(s, pos[i]);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..411769672af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+#include "llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.h"
+
+#include "llama-impl.h"
+#include "llama-model.h"
+#include "llama-context.h"
+
+//
+// llama_memory_hybrid_iswa
+//
+
+llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::llama_memory_hybrid_iswa(
+        const llama_model & model,
+                            /* attn */
+                ggml_type   type_k,
+                ggml_type   type_v,
+                     bool   v_trans,
+                     bool   swa_full,
+                 uint32_t   kv_size,
+                 uint32_t   n_ubatch,
+                 uint32_t   n_pad,
+                            /* recurrent */
+                ggml_type   type_r,
+                ggml_type   type_s,
+                 uint32_t   rs_size,
+                            /* common */
+                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+                     bool   offload,
+                     bool   unified,
+                            /* layer filters */
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_attn,
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_recr) :
+    hparams(model.hparams),
+    mem_attn(new llama_kv_cache_iswa(
+        model,
+        type_k,
+        type_v,
+        v_trans,
+        offload,
+        swa_full,
+        unified,
+        kv_size,
+        n_seq_max,
+        n_ubatch,
+        n_pad,
+        filter_attn == nullptr ?
+            [&](int32_t il) { return !hparams.is_recurrent(il); }
+            : filter_attn,
+        nullptr
+    )),
+    mem_recr(new llama_memory_recurrent(
+        model,
+        type_r,
+        type_s,
+        offload,
+        rs_size,
+        n_seq_max,
+        filter_recr == nullptr ?
+            [&](int32_t il) { return hparams.is_recurrent(il); }
+            : filter_recr
+    )) {}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
+    do {
+        balloc.split_reset();
+
+        // follow the recurrent pattern for creating the ubatch splits
+        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
+
+        while (true) {
+            llama_ubatch ubatch;
+
+            if (embd_all) {
+                // if all tokens are output, split by sequence
+                ubatch = balloc.split_seq(n_ubatch);
+            } else {
+                // TODO: non-sequential equal split can be done if using unified KV cache
+                //       for simplicity, we always use sequential equal split for now
+                ubatch = balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch, true);
+            }
+
+            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
+        }
+
+        if (balloc.get_n_used() < balloc.get_n_tokens()) {
+            // failed to find a suitable split
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // prepare the recurrent batches first
+        if (!mem_recr->prepare(ubatches)) {
+            // TODO: will the recurrent cache be in an undefined context at this point?
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to prepare recurrent ubatches\n", __func__);
+            return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+        }
+
+        // prepare the attention cache (iswa version returns both base and swa slot infos)
+        auto sinfos_base = mem_attn->get_base()->prepare(ubatches);
+        if (sinfos_base.empty()) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to prepare attention base ubatches\n", __func__);
+            return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+        }
+
+        auto sinfos_swa = mem_attn->get_swa()->prepare(ubatches);
+        if (sinfos_swa.empty()) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to prepare attention swa ubatches\n", __func__);
+            return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+        }
+
+        return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context>(
+                this, std::move(sinfos_base), std::move(sinfos_swa), std::move(ubatches));
+    } while(false);
+
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::init_full() {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context>(this);
+}
+
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context>(this, lctx, optimize);
+}
+
+bool llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::get_can_shift() const {
+    // Shifting is trivially supported for recurrent
+    return mem_attn->get_can_shift();
+}
+
+void llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::clear(bool data) {
+    mem_attn->clear(data);
+    mem_recr->clear(data);
+}
+
+bool llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+    // Try removing from the recurrent cache first since it may fail. If it does
+    // fail, the cache will not have been mutated.
+    if (!mem_recr->seq_rm(seq_id, p0, p1)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return mem_attn->seq_rm(seq_id, p0, p1);
+}
+
+void llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::seq_cp(llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+    mem_attn->seq_cp(seq_id_src, seq_id_dst, p0, p1);
+    mem_recr->seq_cp(seq_id_src, seq_id_dst, p0, p1);
+}
+
+void llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+    mem_attn->seq_keep(seq_id);
+    mem_recr->seq_keep(seq_id);
+}
+
+void llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::seq_add(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) {
+    mem_attn->seq_add(seq_id, p0, p1, shift);
+    mem_recr->seq_add(seq_id, p0, p1, shift);
+}
+
+void llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::seq_div(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) {
+    mem_attn->seq_div(seq_id, p0, p1, d);
+    mem_recr->seq_div(seq_id, p0, p1, d);
+}
+
+llama_pos llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+    // the min of the total cache is the max of the two caches' min values
+    return std::max(mem_attn->seq_pos_min(seq_id), mem_recr->seq_pos_min(seq_id));
+}
+
+llama_pos llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+    // the max of the total cache is the min of the two caches' max values
+    return std::min(mem_attn->seq_pos_max(seq_id), mem_recr->seq_pos_max(seq_id));
+}
+
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> mb = mem_attn->memory_breakdown();
+    for (const auto & buft_size : mem_recr->memory_breakdown()) {
+        mb[buft_size.first] += buft_size.second;
+    }
+    return mb;
+}
+
+void llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) const {
+    mem_attn->state_write(io, seq_id, flags);
+    mem_recr->state_write(io, seq_id, flags);
+}
+
+void llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
+    mem_attn->state_read(io, seq_id, flags);
+    mem_recr->state_read(io, seq_id, flags);
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache_iswa * llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::get_mem_attn() const {
+    return mem_attn.get();
+}
+
+llama_memory_recurrent * llama_memory_hybrid_iswa::get_mem_recr() const {
+    return mem_recr.get();
+}
+
+//
+// llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context
+//
+
+llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
+
+llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(llama_memory_hybrid_iswa * mem) :
+    ctx_attn(mem->get_mem_attn()->init_full()),
+    ctx_recr(mem->get_mem_recr()->init_full()),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_attn->get_status(), ctx_recr->get_status())) {
+}
+
+llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(
+        llama_memory_hybrid_iswa * mem,
+                   llama_context * lctx,
+                            bool   optimize) :
+    ctx_attn(mem->get_mem_attn()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
+    ctx_recr(mem->get_mem_recr()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_attn->get_status(), ctx_recr->get_status())) {
+}
+
+llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(
+           llama_memory_hybrid_iswa * mem,
+                    slot_info_vec_t   sinfos_base,
+                    slot_info_vec_t   sinfos_swa,
+          std::vector<llama_ubatch>   ubatches) :
+    ubatches(std::move(ubatches)),
+    // note: here we copy the ubatches. not sure if this is ideal
+    ctx_attn(new llama_kv_cache_iswa_context(mem->get_mem_attn(), std::move(sinfos_base), std::move(sinfos_swa), this->ubatches)),
+    ctx_recr(new llama_memory_recurrent_context(mem->get_mem_recr(), this->ubatches)),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_attn->get_status(), ctx_recr->get_status())) {
+}
+
+bool llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::next() {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+
+    ctx_attn->next();
+    ctx_recr->next();
+
+    if (++i_next >= ubatches.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::apply() {
+    assert(!llama_memory_status_is_fail(status));
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    res = res & ctx_attn->apply();
+    res = res & ctx_recr->apply();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+llama_memory_status llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::get_status() const {
+    return status;
+}
+
+const llama_ubatch & llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::get_ubatch() const {
+    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+    return ubatches[i_next];
+}
+
+const llama_kv_cache_iswa_context * llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::get_attn() const {
+    return static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_iswa_context *>(ctx_attn.get());
+}
+
+const llama_memory_recurrent_context * llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context::get_recr() const {
+    return static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(ctx_recr.get());
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..807c8aac96c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "llama-batch.h"
+#include "llama-graph.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cache-iswa.h"
+#include "llama-memory.h"
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+//
+// llama_memory_hybrid_iswa
+//
+
+// utilizes instances of llama_memory_recurrent and llama_kv_cache_iswa to
+//   support models where each layer may be either attention-based (with SWA support) or recurrent
+
+class llama_memory_hybrid_iswa : public llama_memory_i {
+public:
+    llama_memory_hybrid_iswa(
+        const llama_model & model,
+                            /* attn */
+                ggml_type   type_k,
+                ggml_type   type_v,
+                     bool   v_trans,
+                     bool   swa_full,
+                 uint32_t   kv_size,
+                 uint32_t   n_ubatch,
+                 uint32_t   n_pad,
+                            /* recurrent */
+                ggml_type   type_r,
+                ggml_type   type_s,
+                 uint32_t   rs_size,
+                            /* common */
+                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+                     bool   offload,
+                     bool   unified,
+                            /* layer filters */
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_attn = nullptr,
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_recr = nullptr);
+
+    ~llama_memory_hybrid_iswa() = default;
+
+    //
+    // llama_memory_i
+    //
+
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_batch(
+            llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
+            uint32_t n_ubatch,
+            bool embd_all) override;
+
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_full() override;
+
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
+
+    bool get_can_shift() const override;
+
+    void clear(bool data) override;
+
+    bool seq_rm  (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
+    void seq_cp  (llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
+    void seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id)                                                          override;
+    void seq_add (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos shift) override;
+    void seq_div (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) override;
+
+    llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
+    llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
+
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
+    // state write/load
+
+    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
+    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0)       override;
+
+    //
+    // llama_memory_hybrid_iswa specific API
+    //
+
+    llama_kv_cache_iswa * get_mem_attn() const;
+    llama_memory_recurrent * get_mem_recr() const;
+
+private:
+    const llama_hparams & hparams;
+
+    const std::unique_ptr<llama_kv_cache_iswa> mem_attn;
+    const std::unique_ptr<llama_memory_recurrent> mem_recr;
+};
+
+class llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context : public llama_memory_context_i {
+public:
+    using slot_info_vec_t = llama_kv_cache::slot_info_vec_t;
+
+    // init failure
+    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(llama_memory_status status);
+
+    // init full
+    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(llama_memory_hybrid_iswa * mem);
+
+    // init update
+    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(
+        llama_memory_hybrid_iswa * mem,
+                   llama_context * lctx,
+                            bool   optimize);
+
+    // init success
+    llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context(
+           llama_memory_hybrid_iswa * mem,
+                    slot_info_vec_t   sinfos_base,
+                    slot_info_vec_t   sinfos_swa,
+          std::vector<llama_ubatch>   ubatches);
+
+    ~llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context() = default;
+
+    bool next()  override;
+    bool apply() override;
+
+    llama_memory_status  get_status() const override;
+    const llama_ubatch & get_ubatch() const override;
+
+    //
+    // llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context
+    //
+
+    const llama_kv_cache_iswa_context * get_attn() const;
+    const llama_memory_recurrent_context * get_recr() const;
+
+private:
+    // the index of the next ubatch to process
+    size_t i_next = 0;
+
+    std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
+
+    const llama_memory_context_ptr ctx_attn;
+    const llama_memory_context_ptr ctx_recr;
+
+    const llama_memory_status status;
+};
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp
index 1b16686819e..a1b45e4a3cc 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp
@@ -9,54 +9,57 @@
 //
 
 llama_memory_hybrid::llama_memory_hybrid(
-    const llama_model & model,
-                         /* attn */
-            ggml_type    type_k,
-            ggml_type    type_v,
-                 bool    v_trans,
-             uint32_t    kv_size,
-             uint32_t    n_pad,
-             uint32_t    n_swa,
-       llama_swa_type    swa_type,
-                         /* recurrent */
-            ggml_type    type_r,
-            ggml_type    type_s,
-             uint32_t    rs_size,
-                         /* common */
-             uint32_t    n_seq_max,
-                 bool    offload,
-                         /* layer filters */
-      layer_filter_cb && filter_attn,
-      layer_filter_cb && filter_recr) :
+        const llama_model & model,
+                            /* attn */
+                ggml_type   type_k,
+                ggml_type   type_v,
+                     bool   v_trans,
+                 uint32_t   kv_size,
+                 uint32_t   n_pad,
+                 uint32_t   n_swa,
+           llama_swa_type   swa_type,
+                            /* recurrent */
+                ggml_type   type_r,
+                ggml_type   type_s,
+                 uint32_t   rs_size,
+                            /* common */
+                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+                     bool   offload,
+                     bool   unified,
+                            /* layer filters */
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_attn,
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_recr) :
     hparams(model.hparams),
-    mem_attn(new llama_kv_cache_unified(
+    mem_attn(new llama_kv_cache(
         model,
-        filter_attn == nullptr ?
-            [&](int32_t il) { return !hparams.is_recurrent(il); }
-            : filter_attn,
         type_k,
         type_v,
         v_trans,
         offload,
+        unified,
         kv_size,
         n_seq_max,
         n_pad,
         n_swa,
-        swa_type
+        swa_type,
+        filter_attn == nullptr ?
+            [&](int32_t il) { return !hparams.is_recurrent(il); }
+            : filter_attn,
+        nullptr
     )),
     mem_recr(new llama_memory_recurrent(
         model,
-        filter_recr == nullptr ?
-            [&](int32_t il) { return hparams.is_recurrent(il); }
-            : filter_recr,
         type_r,
         type_s,
         offload,
         rs_size,
-        n_seq_max
+        n_seq_max,
+        filter_recr == nullptr ?
+            [&](int32_t il) { return hparams.is_recurrent(il); }
+            : filter_recr
     )) {}
 
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
     do {
         balloc.split_reset();
 
@@ -70,7 +73,9 @@ llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & ball
                 // if all tokens are output, split by sequence
                 ubatch = balloc.split_seq(n_ubatch);
             } else {
-                ubatch = balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch);
+                // TODO: non-sequential equal split can be done if using unified KV cache
+                //       for simplicity, we always use sequential equal split for now
+                ubatch = balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch, true);
             }
 
             if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
@@ -80,33 +85,38 @@ llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & ball
             ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
         }
 
+        if (balloc.get_n_used() < balloc.get_n_tokens()) {
+            // failed to find a suitable split
+            break;
+        }
+
         // prepare the recurrent batches first
         if (!mem_recr->prepare(ubatches)) {
-            // TODO: will the recurrent cache be in an undefined state at this point?
+            // TODO: will the recurrent cache be in an undefined context at this point?
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to prepare recurrent ubatches\n", __func__);
-            return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_state>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+            return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
         }
 
         // prepare the attention cache
         auto heads_attn = mem_attn->prepare(ubatches);
         if (heads_attn.empty()) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to prepare attention ubatches\n", __func__);
-            return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_state>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+            return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
         }
 
-        return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_state>(
+        return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_context>(
                 this, std::move(heads_attn), std::move(ubatches));
     } while(false);
 
-    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_state>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
 }
 
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_full() {
-    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_state>(this);
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_full() {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_context>(this);
 }
 
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
-    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_state>(this, lctx, optimize);
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_hybrid::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_hybrid_context>(this, lctx, optimize);
 }
 
 bool llama_memory_hybrid::get_can_shift() const {
@@ -158,17 +168,29 @@ llama_pos llama_memory_hybrid::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
     return std::min(mem_attn->seq_pos_max(seq_id), mem_recr->seq_pos_max(seq_id));
 }
 
-void llama_memory_hybrid::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
-    mem_attn->state_write(io, seq_id);
-    mem_recr->state_write(io, seq_id);
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_memory_hybrid::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> mb = mem_attn->memory_breakdown();
+    for (const auto & buft_size : mem_recr->memory_breakdown()) {
+        mb[buft_size.first] += buft_size.second;
+    }
+    return mb;
 }
 
-void llama_memory_hybrid::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-    mem_attn->state_read(io, seq_id);
-    mem_recr->state_read(io, seq_id);
+void llama_memory_hybrid::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) const {
+    if ((flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY) == 0) {
+        mem_attn->state_write(io, seq_id, flags);
+    }
+    mem_recr->state_write(io, seq_id, flags);
 }
 
-llama_kv_cache_unified * llama_memory_hybrid::get_mem_attn() const {
+void llama_memory_hybrid::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
+    if ((flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY) == 0) {
+        mem_attn->state_read(io, seq_id, flags);
+    }
+    mem_recr->state_read(io, seq_id, flags);
+}
+
+llama_kv_cache * llama_memory_hybrid::get_mem_attn() const {
     return mem_attn.get();
 }
 
@@ -176,39 +198,39 @@ llama_memory_recurrent * llama_memory_hybrid::get_mem_recr() const {
     return mem_recr.get();
 }
 
-llama_memory_hybrid_state::llama_memory_hybrid_state(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
+llama_memory_hybrid_context::llama_memory_hybrid_context(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
 
-llama_memory_hybrid_state::llama_memory_hybrid_state(llama_memory_hybrid * mem) :
-    state_attn(mem->get_mem_attn()->init_full()),
-    state_recr(mem->get_mem_recr()->init_full()),
-    status(llama_memory_status_combine(state_attn->get_status(), state_recr->get_status())) {
+llama_memory_hybrid_context::llama_memory_hybrid_context(llama_memory_hybrid * mem) :
+    ctx_attn(mem->get_mem_attn()->init_full()),
+    ctx_recr(mem->get_mem_recr()->init_full()),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_attn->get_status(), ctx_recr->get_status())) {
 }
 
-llama_memory_hybrid_state::llama_memory_hybrid_state(
+llama_memory_hybrid_context::llama_memory_hybrid_context(
         llama_memory_hybrid * mem,
               llama_context * lctx,
                        bool   optimize) :
-    state_attn(mem->get_mem_attn()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
-    state_recr(mem->get_mem_recr()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
-    status(llama_memory_status_combine(state_attn->get_status(), state_recr->get_status())) {
+    ctx_attn(mem->get_mem_attn()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
+    ctx_recr(mem->get_mem_recr()->init_update(lctx, optimize)),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_attn->get_status(), ctx_recr->get_status())) {
 }
 
-llama_memory_hybrid_state::llama_memory_hybrid_state(
+llama_memory_hybrid_context::llama_memory_hybrid_context(
               llama_memory_hybrid * mem,
-            std::vector<uint32_t>   heads_attn,
+                  slot_info_vec_t   sinfos_attn,
         std::vector<llama_ubatch>   ubatches) :
     ubatches(std::move(ubatches)),
     // note: here we copy the ubatches. not sure if this is ideal
-    state_attn(new llama_kv_cache_unified_state(mem->get_mem_attn(), std::move(heads_attn), this->ubatches)),
-    state_recr(new llama_memory_recurrent_state(mem->get_mem_recr(),                        this->ubatches)),
-    status(llama_memory_status_combine(state_attn->get_status(), state_recr->get_status())) {
+    ctx_attn(new llama_kv_cache_context(mem->get_mem_attn(), std::move(sinfos_attn), this->ubatches)),
+    ctx_recr(new llama_memory_recurrent_context(mem->get_mem_recr(), this->ubatches)),
+    status(llama_memory_status_combine(ctx_attn->get_status(), ctx_recr->get_status())) {
 }
 
-bool llama_memory_hybrid_state::next() {
+bool llama_memory_hybrid_context::next() {
     assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
 
-    state_attn->next();
-    state_recr->next();
+    ctx_attn->next();
+    ctx_recr->next();
 
     if (++i_next >= ubatches.size()) {
         return false;
@@ -217,30 +239,30 @@ bool llama_memory_hybrid_state::next() {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool llama_memory_hybrid_state::apply() {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+bool llama_memory_hybrid_context::apply() {
+    assert(!llama_memory_status_is_fail(status));
 
     bool res = true;
 
-    res = res & state_attn->apply();
-    res = res & state_recr->apply();
+    res = res & ctx_attn->apply();
+    res = res & ctx_recr->apply();
 
     return res;
 }
 
-llama_memory_status llama_memory_hybrid_state::get_status() const {
+llama_memory_status llama_memory_hybrid_context::get_status() const {
     return status;
 }
 
-const llama_ubatch & llama_memory_hybrid_state::get_ubatch() const {
+const llama_ubatch & llama_memory_hybrid_context::get_ubatch() const {
     assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
     return ubatches[i_next];
 }
 
-const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * llama_memory_hybrid_state::get_state_attn() const {
-    return static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_state *>(state_attn.get());
+const llama_kv_cache_context * llama_memory_hybrid_context::get_attn() const {
+    return static_cast<const llama_kv_cache_context *>(ctx_attn.get());
 }
 
-const llama_memory_recurrent_state * llama_memory_hybrid_state::get_state_recr() const {
-    return static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(state_recr.get());
+const llama_memory_recurrent_context * llama_memory_hybrid_context::get_recr() const {
+    return static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(ctx_recr.get());
 }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.h
index 4d27ab896aa..558cafdf984 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-hybrid.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "llama-batch.h"
 #include "llama-graph.h"
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cache.h"
 #include "llama-memory.h"
 #include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
 
@@ -13,35 +13,32 @@
 // llama_memory_hybrid
 //
 
-// utilizes instances of llama_memory_recurrent and llama_kv_cache_unified to
+// utilizes instances of llama_memory_recurrent and llama_kv_cache to
 //   support models where each layer may be either attention-based or recurrent
 
 class llama_memory_hybrid : public llama_memory_i {
 public:
-
-    // this callback is used to filter out layers that should not be included in the cache
-    using layer_filter_cb = std::function<bool(int32_t il)>;
-
     llama_memory_hybrid(
         const llama_model & model,
                             /* attn */
-                ggml_type    type_k,
-                ggml_type    type_v,
-                     bool    v_trans,
-                 uint32_t    kv_size,
-                 uint32_t    n_pad,
-                 uint32_t    n_swa,
-           llama_swa_type    swa_type,
-                             /* recurrent */
-                ggml_type    type_r,
-                ggml_type    type_s,
-                 uint32_t    rs_size,
-                             /* common */
-                 uint32_t    n_seq_max,
-                     bool    offload,
-                             /* layer filters */
-          layer_filter_cb && filter_attn = nullptr,
-          layer_filter_cb && filter_recr = nullptr);
+                ggml_type   type_k,
+                ggml_type   type_v,
+                     bool   v_trans,
+                 uint32_t   kv_size,
+                 uint32_t   n_pad,
+                 uint32_t   n_swa,
+           llama_swa_type   swa_type,
+                            /* recurrent */
+                ggml_type   type_r,
+                ggml_type   type_s,
+                 uint32_t   rs_size,
+                            /* common */
+                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+                     bool   offload,
+                     bool   unified,
+                            /* layer filters */
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_attn = nullptr,
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter_recr = nullptr);
 
     ~llama_memory_hybrid() = default;
 
@@ -49,14 +46,14 @@ class llama_memory_hybrid : public llama_memory_i {
     // llama_memory_i
     //
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_batch(
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_batch(
             llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
             uint32_t n_ubatch,
             bool embd_all) override;
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_full() override;
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_full() override;
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
 
     bool get_can_shift() const override;
 
@@ -71,46 +68,50 @@ class llama_memory_hybrid : public llama_memory_i {
     llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
     llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
     // state write/load
 
-    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const override;
-    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1)       override;
+    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
+    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0)       override;
 
     //
     // llama_memory_hybrid specific API
     //
 
-    llama_kv_cache_unified * get_mem_attn() const;
+    llama_kv_cache * get_mem_attn() const;
     llama_memory_recurrent * get_mem_recr() const;
 
 private:
     const llama_hparams & hparams;
 
-    const std::unique_ptr<llama_kv_cache_unified> mem_attn;
+    const std::unique_ptr<llama_kv_cache> mem_attn;
     const std::unique_ptr<llama_memory_recurrent> mem_recr;
 };
 
-class llama_memory_hybrid_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
+class llama_memory_hybrid_context : public llama_memory_context_i {
 public:
+    using slot_info_vec_t = llama_kv_cache::slot_info_vec_t;
+
     // init failure
-    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_state(llama_memory_status status);
+    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_context(llama_memory_status status);
 
     // init full
-    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_state(llama_memory_hybrid * mem);
+    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_context(llama_memory_hybrid * mem);
 
     // init update
-    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_state(
+    explicit llama_memory_hybrid_context(
         llama_memory_hybrid * mem,
               llama_context * lctx,
                        bool   optimize);
 
     // init success
-    llama_memory_hybrid_state(
+    llama_memory_hybrid_context(
               llama_memory_hybrid * mem,
-            std::vector<uint32_t>   heads_attn,
+                  slot_info_vec_t   sinfos_attn,
         std::vector<llama_ubatch>   ubatches);
 
-    ~llama_memory_hybrid_state() = default;
+    ~llama_memory_hybrid_context() = default;
 
     bool next()  override;
     bool apply() override;
@@ -119,11 +120,11 @@ class llama_memory_hybrid_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
     const llama_ubatch & get_ubatch() const override;
 
     //
-    // llama_memory_hybrid_state
+    // llama_memory_hybrid_context
     //
 
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * get_state_attn() const;
-    const llama_memory_recurrent_state * get_state_recr() const;
+    const llama_kv_cache_context * get_attn() const;
+    const llama_memory_recurrent_context * get_recr() const;
 
 private:
     // the index of the next ubatch to process
@@ -131,8 +132,8 @@ class llama_memory_hybrid_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
 
     std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
 
-    const llama_memory_state_ptr state_attn;
-    const llama_memory_state_ptr state_recr;
+    const llama_memory_context_ptr ctx_attn;
+    const llama_memory_context_ptr ctx_recr;
 
     const llama_memory_status status;
 };
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
index b064da0084c..6e8413f493d 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
 #include <map>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -16,18 +17,15 @@
 //
 
 llama_memory_recurrent::llama_memory_recurrent(
-        const llama_model &  model,
-          layer_filter_cb && filter,
-                ggml_type    type_r,
-                ggml_type    type_s,
-                     bool    offload,
-                 uint32_t    mem_size,
-                 uint32_t    n_seq_max) : hparams(model.hparams), n_seq_max(n_seq_max) {
+        const llama_model & model,
+                ggml_type   type_r,
+                ggml_type   type_s,
+                     bool   offload,
+                 uint32_t   mem_size,
+                 uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+    const layer_filter_cb & filter) : hparams(model.hparams), n_seq_max(n_seq_max) {
     const int32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
 
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: mem_size = %u, n_seq_max = %u, type_r = '%s', type_s = '%s', n_layer = %d\n",
-            __func__, mem_size, n_seq_max, ggml_type_name(type_r), ggml_type_name(type_s), n_layer);
-
     head = 0;
     size = mem_size;
     used = 0;
@@ -35,8 +33,15 @@ llama_memory_recurrent::llama_memory_recurrent(
     cells.clear();
     cells.resize(mem_size);
 
+    // define a comparator for the buft -> ctx map to ensure that the order is well-defined:
+    struct ggml_backend_buft_comparator {
+        bool operator()(const ggml_backend_buffer_type_t & lhs, const ggml_backend_buffer_type_t & rhs) const {
+            return strcmp(ggml_backend_buft_name(lhs), ggml_backend_buft_name(rhs)) < 0;
+        }
+    };
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, ggml_context_ptr, ggml_backend_buft_comparator> ctx_map;
+
     // create a context for each buffer type
-    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, ggml_context *> ctx_map;
     auto ctx_for_buft = [&](ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) -> ggml_context * {
         auto it = ctx_map.find(buft);
         if (it == ctx_map.end()) {
@@ -51,13 +56,12 @@ llama_memory_recurrent::llama_memory_recurrent(
                 return nullptr;
             }
 
-            ctx_map[buft] = ctx;
-            ctxs.emplace_back(ctx);
+            ctx_map.emplace(buft, ctx);
 
             return ctx;
         }
 
-        return it->second;
+        return it->second.get();
     };
 
     r_l.resize(n_layer);
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ llama_memory_recurrent::llama_memory_recurrent(
 
         ggml_context * ctx = ctx_for_buft(buft);
         if (!ctx) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create ggml context for kv cache");
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create ggml context for rs cache");
         }
 
         ggml_tensor * r = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, type_r, hparams.n_embd_r()*mem_size);
@@ -96,25 +100,22 @@ llama_memory_recurrent::llama_memory_recurrent(
     }
 
     // allocate tensors and initialize the buffers to avoid NaNs in the padding
-    for (auto it : ctx_map) {
-        auto * buft = it.first;
-        auto * ctx  = it.second;
-
-        ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx, buft);
+    for (auto & [buft, ctx] : ctx_map) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx.get(), buft);
         if (!buf) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer for kv cache");
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer for rs cache");
         }
         ggml_backend_buffer_clear(buf, 0);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %10s KV buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf), ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf)/1024.0/1024.0);
-        bufs.emplace_back(buf);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %10s RS buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf), ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf)/1024.0/1024.0);
+        ctxs_bufs.emplace_back(std::move(ctx), buf);
     }
 
     {
         const size_t memory_size_r = size_r_bytes();
         const size_t memory_size_s = size_s_bytes();
 
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: KV self size  = %7.2f MiB, R (%s): %7.2f MiB, S (%s): %7.2f MiB\n", __func__,
-                (float)(memory_size_r + memory_size_s) / (1024.0f * 1024.0f),
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: size = %7.2f MiB (%6u cells, %3d layers, %2u seqs), R (%s): %7.2f MiB, S (%s): %7.2f MiB\n", __func__,
+                (float)(memory_size_r + memory_size_s) / (1024.0f * 1024.0f), mem_size, n_layer, n_seq_max,
                 ggml_type_name(type_r), (float)memory_size_r / (1024.0f * 1024.0f),
                 ggml_type_name(type_s), (float)memory_size_s / (1024.0f * 1024.0f));
     }
@@ -132,13 +133,14 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::clear(bool data) {
     used = 0;
 
     if (data) {
-        for (auto & buf : bufs) {
+        for (auto & [_, buf] : ctxs_bufs) {
             ggml_backend_buffer_clear(buf.get(), 0);
         }
     }
 }
 
 bool llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) {
+    //printf("[DEBUG] calling llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm` with `seq_id=%d, p0=%d, p1=%d`\n", seq_id, p0, p1);
     uint32_t new_head = size;
 
     if (p0 < 0) {
@@ -149,7 +151,8 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos
         p1 = std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max();
     }
 
-    // models like Mamba or RWKV can't have a state partially erased
+    // models like Mamba or RWKV can't have a state partially erased at the end
+    // of the sequence because their state isn't preserved for previous tokens
     if (seq_id >= (int64_t) size) {
         // could be fatal
         return false;
@@ -158,8 +161,9 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos
         int32_t & tail_id = cells[seq_id].tail;
         if (tail_id >= 0) {
             const auto & cell = cells[tail_id];
-            // partial intersection is invalid
-            if ((0 < p0 && p0 <= cell.pos) || (0 < p1 && p1 <= cell.pos)) {
+            // partial intersection is invalid if it includes the final pos
+            if (0 < p0 && p0 <= cell.pos && p1 > cell.pos) {
+                //printf("[DEBUG] inside `llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm`: partial intersection is invalid, so returning false, p0 = %d, cell.pos = %d, p1 = %d\n", p0, cell.pos, p1);
                 return false;
             }
             // invalidate tails which will be cleared
@@ -170,6 +174,7 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_pos p0, llama_pos
     } else {
         // seq_id is negative, then the range should include everything or nothing
         if (p0 != p1 && (p0 != 0 || p1 != std::numeric_limits<llama_pos>::max())) {
+            //printf("[DEBUG] inside `llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm`: `seq_id` is negative, so returning false\n");
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -362,42 +367,62 @@ llama_pos llama_memory_recurrent::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
     return result;
 }
 
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_recurrent::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
-    std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_memory_recurrent::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> ret;
+    for (const auto & [_, buf] : ctxs_bufs) {
+        ret[ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(buf.get())] += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get());
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
 
-    while (true) {
-        llama_ubatch ubatch;
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_recurrent::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
+    do {
+        balloc.split_reset();
 
-        if (embd_all) {
-            // if all tokens are output, split by sequence
-            ubatch = balloc.split_seq(n_ubatch);
-        } else {
-            ubatch = balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch);
+        std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches;
+        while (true) {
+            llama_ubatch ubatch;
+
+            if (embd_all) {
+                // if all tokens are output, split by sequence
+                ubatch = balloc.split_seq(n_ubatch);
+            } else {
+                // TODO: non-sequential equal split can be done if using unified KV cache
+                //       for simplicity, we always use sequential equal split for now
+                ubatch = balloc.split_equal(n_ubatch, true);
+            }
+
+            if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
         }
 
-        if (ubatch.n_tokens == 0) {
+        if (balloc.get_n_used() < balloc.get_n_tokens()) {
+            // failed to find a suitable split
             break;
         }
 
-        ubatches.push_back(std::move(ubatch)); // NOLINT
-    }
+        if (!prepare(ubatches)) {
+            break;
+        }
 
-    if (!prepare(ubatches)) {
-        return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_state>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
-    }
+        return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_context>(this, std::move(ubatches));
+    } while (false);
 
-    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_state>(this, std::move(ubatches));
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE);
 }
 
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_recurrent::init_full() {
-    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_state>(this);
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_recurrent::init_full() {
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_context>(this);
 }
 
-llama_memory_state_ptr llama_memory_recurrent::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
+llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_recurrent::init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) {
     GGML_UNUSED(lctx);
     GGML_UNUSED(optimize);
 
-    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_state>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE);
+    return std::make_unique<llama_memory_recurrent_context>(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE);
 }
 
 bool llama_memory_recurrent::prepare(const std::vector<llama_ubatch> & ubatches) {
@@ -439,7 +464,7 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::find_slot(const llama_ubatch & ubatch) {
     // A slot should be always be contiguous.
 
     // can only process batches with an equal number of new tokens in each sequence
-    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
 
     int32_t min = size - 1;
     int32_t max = 0;
@@ -642,7 +667,7 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::get_can_shift() const {
 
 size_t llama_memory_recurrent::total_size() const {
     size_t size = 0;
-    for (const auto & buf : bufs) {
+    for (const auto & [_, buf] : ctxs_bufs) {
         size += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get());
     }
 
@@ -673,7 +698,9 @@ size_t llama_memory_recurrent::size_s_bytes() const {
     return size_s_bytes;
 }
 
-void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
+void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) const {
+    GGML_UNUSED(flags);
+
     std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> cell_ranges; // ranges, from inclusive, to exclusive
     uint32_t cell_count = 0;
 
@@ -711,7 +738,9 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq
     state_write_data(io, cell_ranges);
 }
 
-void llama_memory_recurrent::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+void llama_memory_recurrent::state_read(llama_io_read_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(flags);
+
     uint32_t cell_count;
     io.read_to(&cell_count, sizeof(cell_count));
 
@@ -756,21 +785,21 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::
     io.write(&s_trans, sizeof(s_trans));
     io.write(&n_layer,   sizeof(n_layer));
 
-    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_buf;
-
-    // Iterate and write all the keys first, each row is a cell
+    // Iterate and write all the R tensors first, each row is a cell
     // Get whole range at a time
     for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // skip null layers (read_data will handle this by checking "r_l" and "s_l" for null)
+        if (r_l[il] == nullptr) continue;
 
-        // Write key type
+        // Write R tensor type
         const int32_t r_type_i = (int32_t)r_l[il]->type;
         io.write(&r_type_i, sizeof(r_type_i));
 
-        // Write row size of key
+        // Write row size of R tensor
         const uint64_t r_size_row = ggml_row_size(r_l[il]->type, hparams.n_embd_r());
         io.write(&r_size_row, sizeof(r_size_row));
 
-        // Read each range of cells of k_size length each into tmp_buf and write out
+        // Write each range of cells of r_size_row length
         for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
             const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
             const size_t buf_size = range_size * r_size_row;
@@ -780,16 +809,18 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::
 
     if (!s_trans) {
         for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+            // skip null layers (read_data will handle this by checking "r_l" and "s_l" for null)
+            if (s_l[il] == nullptr) continue;
 
-            // Write value type
+            // Write S tensor type
             const int32_t s_type_i = (int32_t)s_l[il]->type;
             io.write(&s_type_i, sizeof(s_type_i));
 
-            // Write row size of value
+            // Write row size of S tensor
             const uint64_t s_size_row = ggml_row_size(s_l[il]->type, hparams.n_embd_s());
             io.write(&s_size_row, sizeof(s_size_row));
 
-            // Read each range of cells of s_size length each into tmp_buf and write out
+            // Write each range of S tensor rows
             for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
                 const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
                 const size_t buf_size = range_size * s_size_row;
@@ -797,12 +828,15 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::
             }
         }
     } else {
-        // When v is transposed, we also need the element size and get the element ranges from each row
+        // When S tensor is transposed, we also need the element size and get the element ranges from each row
         const uint32_t mem_size = size;
         for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+            // skip null layers (read_data will handle this by checking "r_l" and "s_l" for null)
+            if (s_l[il] == nullptr) continue;
+
             const uint32_t n_embd_s = hparams.n_embd_s();
 
-            // Write value type
+            // Write S tensor type
             const int32_t s_type_i = (int32_t)s_l[il]->type;
             io.write(&s_type_i, sizeof(s_type_i));
 
@@ -815,7 +849,7 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::
 
             // For each row, we get the element values of each cell
             for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_embd_s; ++j) {
-                // Read each range of cells of v_size_el length each into tmp_buf and write out
+                // Write each range of cells of s_size_el length
                 for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
                     const size_t range_size = range.second - range.first;
                     const size_t src_offset = (range.first + j * mem_size) * s_size_el;
@@ -830,9 +864,12 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::
 bool llama_memory_recurrent::state_read_meta(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count, llama_seq_id dest_seq_id) {
     if (dest_seq_id != -1) {
         // single sequence
-
         seq_rm(dest_seq_id, -1, -1);
 
+        if (cell_count == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         llama_batch_allocr balloc(hparams.n_pos_per_embd());
 
         llama_ubatch ubatch = balloc.ubatch_reserve(cell_count, 1);
@@ -944,6 +981,8 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell
 
     // For each layer, read the keys for each cell, one row is one cell, read as one contiguous block
     for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // skip null layers
+        if (r_l[il] == nullptr) continue;
 
         // Read type of key
         int32_t r_type_i_ref;
@@ -971,11 +1010,14 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell
 
     if (!s_trans) {
         for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+            // skip null layers
+            if (s_l[il] == nullptr) continue;
 
             // Read type of value
             int32_t s_type_i_ref;
             io.read_to(&s_type_i_ref, sizeof(s_type_i_ref));
             const int32_t s_type_i = (int32_t)s_l[il]->type;
+
             if (s_type_i != s_type_i_ref) {
                 LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: mismatched s type (%d != %d, layer %d)\n", __func__, s_type_i, s_type_i_ref, il);
                 return false;
@@ -998,6 +1040,9 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell
     } else {
         // For each layer, read the values for each cell (transposed)
         for (uint32_t il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+            // skip null layers
+            if (s_l[il] == nullptr) continue;
+
             const uint32_t n_embd_s = hparams.n_embd_s();
 
             // Read type of value
@@ -1040,22 +1085,22 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent::state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell
 }
 
 //
-// llama_memory_recurrent_state
+// llama_memory_recurrent_context
 //
 
-llama_memory_recurrent_state::llama_memory_recurrent_state(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
+llama_memory_recurrent_context::llama_memory_recurrent_context(llama_memory_status status) : status(status) {}
 
-llama_memory_recurrent_state::llama_memory_recurrent_state(
+llama_memory_recurrent_context::llama_memory_recurrent_context(
         llama_memory_recurrent * mem) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), mem(mem), is_full(true) {
 }
 
-llama_memory_recurrent_state::llama_memory_recurrent_state(
+llama_memory_recurrent_context::llama_memory_recurrent_context(
         llama_memory_recurrent * mem,
         std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches) : status(LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS), mem(mem), ubatches(std::move(ubatches)) {}
 
-llama_memory_recurrent_state::~llama_memory_recurrent_state() = default;
+llama_memory_recurrent_context::~llama_memory_recurrent_context() = default;
 
-bool llama_memory_recurrent_state::next() {
+bool llama_memory_recurrent_context::next() {
     assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
 
     if (++i_next >= ubatches.size()) {
@@ -1065,48 +1110,56 @@ bool llama_memory_recurrent_state::next() {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool llama_memory_recurrent_state::apply() {
-    assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
+bool llama_memory_recurrent_context::apply() {
+    assert(!llama_memory_status_is_fail(status));
+
+    // no ubatches -> this is an update
+    if (ubatches.empty()) {
+        // recurrent cache never performs updates
+        assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE);
+
+        return true;
+    }
 
     mem->find_slot(ubatches[i_next]);
 
     return true;
 }
 
-llama_memory_status llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_status() const {
+llama_memory_status llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_status() const {
     return status;
 }
 
-const llama_ubatch & llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_ubatch() const {
+const llama_ubatch & llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_ubatch() const {
     assert(status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
 
     return ubatches[i_next];
 }
 
-uint32_t llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_n_rs() const {
+uint32_t llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_n_rs() const {
     return is_full ? mem->size : mem->n;
 }
 
-uint32_t llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_head() const {
+uint32_t llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_head() const {
     return is_full ? 0 : mem->head;
 }
 
-int32_t llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_rs_z() const {
+int32_t llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_rs_z() const {
     return is_full ? 0 : mem->rs_z;
 }
 
-uint32_t llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_size() const {
+uint32_t llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_size() const {
     return mem->size;
 }
 
-ggml_tensor * llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_r_l(int32_t il) const {
+ggml_tensor * llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_r_l(int32_t il) const {
     return mem->r_l[il];
 }
 
-ggml_tensor * llama_memory_recurrent_state::get_s_l(int32_t il) const {
+ggml_tensor * llama_memory_recurrent_context::get_s_l(int32_t il) const {
     return mem->s_l[il];
 }
 
-int32_t llama_memory_recurrent_state::s_copy(int i) const {
+int32_t llama_memory_recurrent_context::s_copy(int i) const {
     return  mem->cells[i + mem->head].src0;
 }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.h
index be58dae7cfe..47f01d73912 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory-recurrent.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "llama-graph.h"
 #include "llama-memory.h"
 
+#include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -11,22 +12,18 @@
 // llama_memory_recurrent
 //
 
-// TODO: extract the cache state used for graph computation into llama_memory_recurrent_state_i
-//       see the implementation of llama_kv_cache_unified_state_i for an example how to do it
+// TODO: extract the cache state used for graph computation into llama_memory_recurrent_context_i
+//       see the implementation of llama_kv_cache_context_i for an example how to do it
 class llama_memory_recurrent : public llama_memory_i {
 public:
-
-    // this callback is used to filter out layers that should not be included in the cache
-    using layer_filter_cb = std::function<bool(int32_t il)>;
-
     llama_memory_recurrent(
-            const llama_model &  model,
-              layer_filter_cb && filter,
-                    ggml_type    type_r,
-                    ggml_type    type_s,
-                         bool    offload,
-                     uint32_t    mem_size,
-                     uint32_t    n_seq_max);
+            const llama_model & model,
+                    ggml_type   type_r,
+                    ggml_type   type_s,
+                         bool   offload,
+                     uint32_t   mem_size,
+                     uint32_t   n_seq_max,
+        const layer_filter_cb & filter);
 
     ~llama_memory_recurrent() = default;
 
@@ -34,14 +31,14 @@ class llama_memory_recurrent : public llama_memory_i {
     // llama_memory_i
     //
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_batch(
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_batch(
             llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
             uint32_t n_ubatch,
             bool embd_all) override;
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_full() override;
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_full() override;
 
-    llama_memory_state_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
+    llama_memory_context_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) override;
 
     void clear(bool data) override;
 
@@ -54,6 +51,8 @@ class llama_memory_recurrent : public llama_memory_i {
     llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
     llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
     bool prepare(const std::vector<llama_ubatch> & ubatches);
 
     // find a contiguous slot of memory cells and emplace the ubatch there
@@ -63,8 +62,8 @@ class llama_memory_recurrent : public llama_memory_i {
 
     // state write/load
 
-    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const override;
-    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) override;
+    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
+    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) override;
 
     uint32_t head = 0; // the location where the batch will be placed in the cache (see find_slot())
     uint32_t size = 0; // total number of cells, shared across all sequences
@@ -110,8 +109,8 @@ class llama_memory_recurrent : public llama_memory_i {
 
     const uint32_t n_seq_max = 1;
 
-    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr>        ctxs;
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;
+    // ggml contexts for the KV cache along with the allocated backend buffers:
+    std::vector<std::pair<ggml_context_ptr, ggml_backend_buffer_ptr>> ctxs_bufs;
 
     size_t total_size() const;
 
@@ -125,24 +124,24 @@ class llama_memory_recurrent : public llama_memory_i {
     bool state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count);
 };
 
-class llama_memory_recurrent_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
+class llama_memory_recurrent_context : public llama_memory_context_i {
 public:
     // used for errors
-    llama_memory_recurrent_state(llama_memory_status status);
+    llama_memory_recurrent_context(llama_memory_status status);
 
-    // used to create a full-cache state
-    llama_memory_recurrent_state(
+    // used to create a full-cache or update context
+    llama_memory_recurrent_context(
             llama_memory_recurrent * mem);
 
-    // used to create a state from a batch
-    llama_memory_recurrent_state(
+    // used to create a batch processing context from a batch
+    llama_memory_recurrent_context(
             llama_memory_recurrent * mem,
             std::vector<llama_ubatch> ubatches);
 
-    virtual ~llama_memory_recurrent_state();
+    virtual ~llama_memory_recurrent_context();
 
     //
-    // llama_memory_state_i
+    // llama_memory_context_i
     //
 
     bool next()  override;
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ class llama_memory_recurrent_state : public llama_memory_state_i {
     const llama_ubatch & get_ubatch() const override;
 
     //
-    // llama_memory_recurrent_state specific API
+    // llama_memory_recurrent_context specific API
     //
 
     uint32_t get_n_rs() const;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.cpp
index f1107672c64..ca6844c32a7 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.cpp
@@ -40,3 +40,20 @@ llama_memory_status llama_memory_status_combine(llama_memory_status s0, llama_me
     // if either status has an update, then the combined status has an update
     return has_update ? LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS : LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE;
 }
+
+bool llama_memory_status_is_fail(llama_memory_status status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_SUCCESS:
+        case LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE:
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        case LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_PREPARE:
+        case LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_COMPUTE:
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.h
index d2ef0c2a3b4..4a157b91fdb 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-memory.h
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "llama.h"
 
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
 
 struct llama_ubatch;
 
@@ -28,23 +29,24 @@ enum llama_memory_status {
     LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_FAILED_COMPUTE,
 };
 
-// helper function for combining the status of two memory states
+// helper function for combining the status of two memory contexts
 // useful for implementing hybrid memory types (e.g. iSWA)
 llama_memory_status llama_memory_status_combine(llama_memory_status s0, llama_memory_status s1);
 
-// the interface for managing the memory state during batch processing
+// helper function for checking if a memory status indicates a failure
+bool llama_memory_status_is_fail(llama_memory_status status);
+
+// the interface for managing the memory context during batch processing
 // this interface is implemented per memory type. see:
-//   - llama_kv_cache_unified_state
-//   - llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa_state
+//   - llama_kv_cache_context
+//   - llama_kv_cache_iswa_context
 //   ...
 //
-// the only method that can mutate the memory and the memory state is llama_memory_i::apply()
-//
-// TODO: rename to llama_memory_context_i ?
-struct llama_memory_state_i {
-    virtual ~llama_memory_state_i() = default;
+// the only method that should mutate the memory and the memory context is llama_memory_i::apply()
+struct llama_memory_context_i {
+    virtual ~llama_memory_context_i() = default;
 
-    // consume the current ubatch from the state and proceed to the next one
+    // consume the current ubatch from the context and proceed to the next one
     // return false if we are done
     virtual bool next() = 0;
 
@@ -55,31 +57,38 @@ struct llama_memory_state_i {
     // get the current ubatch
     virtual const llama_ubatch & get_ubatch() const = 0;
 
-    // get the status of the memory state - used for error handling and checking if any updates would be applied
+    // get the status of the memory context - used for error handling and checking if any updates would be applied
     virtual llama_memory_status get_status() const = 0;
 };
 
-using llama_memory_state_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llama_memory_state_i>;
+using llama_memory_context_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llama_memory_context_i>;
 
 // general concept of LLM memory
 // the KV cache is a type of LLM memory, but there can be other types
 struct llama_memory_i {
+    // this callback is used to filter out layers that should not be included in the cache
+    using layer_filter_cb = std::function<bool(int32_t il)>;
+
+    // this callback is used to specify which layers should reuse memory from other layers
+    // return negative value to indicate that the layer il should not reuse memory
+    using layer_reuse_cb = std::function<int32_t(int32_t il)>;
+
     virtual ~llama_memory_i() = default;
 
     // split the input batch into a set of ubatches and verify that they can fit into the cache
-    // return a state object containing the ubatches and KV cache state required to process them
-    // check the llama_memory_state_i::get_status() for the result
-    virtual llama_memory_state_ptr init_batch(
+    // return a context object containing the ubatches and memory state required to process them
+    // check the llama_memory_context_i::get_status() for the result
+    virtual llama_memory_context_ptr init_batch(
             llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
             uint32_t n_ubatch,
             bool embd_all) = 0;
 
     // simulate full cache, used for allocating worst-case compute buffers
-    virtual llama_memory_state_ptr init_full() = 0;
+    virtual llama_memory_context_ptr init_full() = 0;
 
-    // prepare for any pending memory updates, such as shifts, defrags, etc.
+    // prepare for any pending memory updates, such as shifts, copies, etc.
     // status == LLAMA_MEMORY_STATUS_NO_UPDATE if there is nothing to update
-    virtual llama_memory_state_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) = 0;
+    virtual llama_memory_context_ptr init_update(llama_context * lctx, bool optimize) = 0;
 
     // getters
     virtual bool get_can_shift() const = 0;
@@ -100,17 +109,14 @@ struct llama_memory_i {
     virtual llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const = 0;
     virtual llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const = 0;
 
+    virtual std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const = 0;
+
     //
     // state write/read
     //
 
-    virtual void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const = 0;
-    virtual void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) = 0;
+    virtual void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const = 0;
+    virtual void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) = 0;
 };
 
 using llama_memory_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llama_memory_i>;
-
-// TODO: temporary until the llama_kv_cache is removed from the public API
-struct llama_kv_cache : public llama_memory_i {
-    virtual ~llama_kv_cache() = default;
-};
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.cpp
index 47497cf953f..c03228e9ce2 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.cpp
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@
 #ifdef __has_include
     #if __has_include(<unistd.h>)
         #include <unistd.h>
+        #include <fcntl.h>
+        #include <sys/stat.h>
         #if defined(_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES)
             #include <sys/mman.h>
-            #include <fcntl.h>
         #endif
         #if defined(_POSIX_MEMLOCK_RANGE)
             #include <sys/resource.h>
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ struct llama_file::impl {
         return ret;
     }
 
-    impl(const char * fname, const char * mode) {
+    impl(const char * fname, const char * mode, [[maybe_unused]] const bool use_direct_io = false) {
         fp = ggml_fopen(fname, mode);
         if (fp == NULL) {
             throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno)));
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ struct llama_file::impl {
         }
     }
 
-    void read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len) const {
+    void read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len) {
         size_t bytes_read = 0;
         while (bytes_read < len) {
             size_t chunk_size = std::min<size_t>(len - bytes_read, 64*1024*1024);
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ struct llama_file::impl {
         }
     }
 
-    uint32_t read_u32() const {
+    uint32_t read_u32() {
         uint32_t val;
         read_raw(&val, sizeof(val));
         return val;
@@ -153,16 +154,55 @@ struct llama_file::impl {
         write_raw(&val, sizeof(val));
     }
 
+    bool has_direct_io() const {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     ~impl() {
         if (fp) {
             std::fclose(fp);
         }
     }
 #else
-    impl(const char * fname, const char * mode) {
-        fp = ggml_fopen(fname, mode);
+    impl(const char * fname, const char * mode, [[maybe_unused]] const bool use_direct_io = false) : fname(fname) {
+#ifdef __linux__
+        // Try unbuffered I/O for read only
+        if (use_direct_io && std::strcmp(mode, "rb") == 0) {
+            if (init_fd()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("Failed to open file '%s' with error: %s. Falling back to buffered I/O",
+                           fname, strerror(errno));
+        }
+#endif
+        init_fp(mode);
+    }
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+    bool init_fd() {
+        fd = open(fname.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECT);
+
+        if (fd != -1) {
+            struct stat file_stats{};
+            fstat(fd, &file_stats);
+
+            size = file_stats.st_size;
+            alignment = file_stats.st_blksize;
+
+            off_t ret = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+            if (ret == -1) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("seek error: %s", strerror(errno)));
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void init_fp(const char * mode) {
+        fp = ggml_fopen(fname.c_str(), mode);
         if (fp == NULL) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno)));
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to open %s: %s", fname.c_str(), strerror(errno)));
         }
         seek(0, SEEK_END);
         size = tell();
@@ -170,46 +210,122 @@ struct llama_file::impl {
     }
 
     size_t tell() const {
-// TODO: this ifdef is never true?
-#ifdef _WIN32
-        __int64 ret = _ftelli64(fp);
-#else
-        long ret = std::ftell(fp);
-#endif
-        if (ret == -1) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("ftell error: %s", strerror(errno)));
+        if (fd == -1) {
+            long ret = std::ftell(fp);
+            if (ret == -1) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("ftell error: %s", strerror(errno)));
+            }
+
+            return (size_t) ret;
         }
 
-        return (size_t) ret;
+        off_t pos = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+        if (pos == -1) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("lseek error: %s", strerror(errno)));
+        }
+        return (size_t) pos;
     }
 
     void seek(size_t offset, int whence) const {
-// TODO: this ifdef is never true?
-#ifdef _WIN32
-        int ret = _fseeki64(fp, (__int64) offset, whence);
-#else
-        int ret = std::fseek(fp, (long) offset, whence);
-#endif
-        if (ret != 0) {
+        off_t ret = 0;
+        if (fd == -1) {
+            ret = std::fseek(fp, (long) offset, whence);
+        } else {
+            ret = lseek(fd, offset, whence);
+        }
+        if (ret == -1) {
             throw std::runtime_error(format("seek error: %s", strerror(errno)));
         }
     }
 
-    void read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len) const {
+    void read_raw_unsafe(void * ptr, size_t len) {
         if (len == 0) {
             return;
         }
         errno = 0;
-        std::size_t ret = std::fread(ptr, len, 1, fp);
-        if (ferror(fp)) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("read error: %s", strerror(errno)));
+        if (fd == -1) {
+            const size_t curr_off = tell();
+            const size_t to_read = std::min(len, size - curr_off);
+
+            std::size_t ret = std::fread(ptr, to_read, 1, fp);
+            if (ferror(fp)) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("read error: %s", strerror(errno)));
+            }
+            if (to_read > 0 && ret != 1) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("unexpectedly reached end of file");
+            }
+        } else {
+            size_t bytes_read = 0;
+            while (bytes_read < len) {
+                const size_t to_read = len - bytes_read;
+                ssize_t ret = ::read(fd, reinterpret_cast<char *>(ptr) + bytes_read, to_read);
+
+                if (ret == -1) {
+                    if (errno == EINTR) {
+                        continue;  // Interrupted by signal, retry
+                    }
+                    // Fallback to std::fread in case the DMA controller cannot access the buffer
+                    if (errno == EFAULT || errno == EINVAL) {
+                        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: Falling back to buffered IO due to %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
+                        auto curr_off = tell();
+                        close(fd);
+                        fd = -1;
+                        alignment = 1;
+                        init_fp("rb");
+                        seek(curr_off, SEEK_SET);
+                        read_raw_unsafe(ptr, len);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    throw std::runtime_error(format("read error: %s", strerror(errno)));
+                }
+                if (ret == 0) {
+                    // EOF: allow if this read was only pulling alignment padding past file end
+                    off_t pos = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+                    if (pos != -1 && (size_t) pos == size) {
+                        std::memset(reinterpret_cast<char *>(ptr) + bytes_read, 0, len - bytes_read);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    throw std::runtime_error("unexpectedly reached end of file");
+                }
+
+                bytes_read += (size_t) ret;
+            }
         }
-        if (ret != 1) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("unexpectedly reached end of file");
+    }
+
+    void read_aligned_chunk(void * dest, size_t size) {
+        size_t offset = tell();
+        off_t aligned_offset = offset & ~(alignment - 1);
+        off_t offset_from_alignment = offset - aligned_offset;
+        size_t bytes_to_read = (offset_from_alignment + size + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
+
+        void * raw_buffer = nullptr;
+        int ret = posix_memalign(&raw_buffer, alignment, bytes_to_read);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("posix_memalign failed with error %d", ret));
         }
+
+        struct aligned_buffer_deleter {
+            void operator()(void * p) const { free(p); }
+        };
+        std::unique_ptr<void, aligned_buffer_deleter> buffer(raw_buffer);
+
+        seek(aligned_offset, SEEK_SET);
+        read_raw_unsafe(buffer.get(), bytes_to_read);
+
+        uintptr_t actual_data = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer.get()) + offset_from_alignment;
+        memcpy(dest, reinterpret_cast<void *>(actual_data), size);
     }
 
-    uint32_t read_u32() const {
+    void read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len) {
+        if (has_direct_io()) {
+            read_aligned_chunk(ptr, len);
+        } else {
+            read_raw_unsafe(ptr, len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t read_u32() {
         uint32_t ret;
         read_raw(&ret, sizeof(ret));
         return ret;
@@ -230,27 +346,48 @@ struct llama_file::impl {
         write_raw(&val, sizeof(val));
     }
 
+    bool has_direct_io() const {
+        return fd != -1 && alignment > 1;
+    }
+
     ~impl() {
-        if (fp) {
+        if (fd != -1) {
+            close(fd);
+        } else {
             std::fclose(fp);
         }
     }
+    int fd = -1;
+    std::string fname;
 #endif
 
-    FILE * fp;
-    size_t size;
+    size_t read_alignment() const {
+        return alignment;
+    }
+
+    size_t alignment = 1;
+
+    FILE * fp{};
+    size_t size{};
 };
 
-llama_file::llama_file(const char * fname, const char * mode) : pimpl(std::make_unique<impl>(fname, mode)) {}
+llama_file::llama_file(const char * fname, const char * mode, const bool use_direct_io) :
+    pimpl(std::make_unique<impl>(fname, mode, use_direct_io)) {}
 llama_file::~llama_file() = default;
 
 size_t llama_file::tell() const { return pimpl->tell(); }
 size_t llama_file::size() const { return pimpl->size; }
 
+size_t llama_file::read_alignment() const { return pimpl->read_alignment(); }
+bool llama_file::has_direct_io() const { return pimpl->has_direct_io(); }
+
 int llama_file::file_id() const {
 #ifdef _WIN32
     return _fileno(pimpl->fp);
 #else
+    if (pimpl->fd != -1) {
+        return pimpl->fd;
+    }
 #if defined(fileno)
     return fileno(pimpl->fp);
 #else
@@ -260,9 +397,14 @@ int llama_file::file_id() const {
 }
 
 void llama_file::seek(size_t offset, int whence) const { pimpl->seek(offset, whence); }
-void llama_file::read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len) const { pimpl->read_raw(ptr, len); }
+void llama_file::read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len) { pimpl->read_raw(ptr, len); }
+#ifdef _WIN32
+void llama_file::read_raw_unsafe(void * ptr, size_t len) { pimpl->read_raw(ptr, len); }
+#else
+void llama_file::read_raw_unsafe(void * ptr, size_t len) { pimpl->read_raw_unsafe(ptr, len); }
+#endif
 
-uint32_t llama_file::read_u32() const { return pimpl->read_u32(); }
+uint32_t llama_file::read_u32() { return pimpl->read_u32(); }
 
 void llama_file::write_raw(const void * ptr, size_t len) const { pimpl->write_raw(ptr, len); }
 void llama_file::write_u32(uint32_t val) const { pimpl->write_u32(val); }
@@ -362,6 +504,8 @@ struct llama_mmap::impl {
         }
     }
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
+    HANDLE hMapping = nullptr;
+
     impl(struct llama_file * file, size_t prefetch, bool numa) {
         GGML_UNUSED(numa);
 
@@ -369,7 +513,7 @@ struct llama_mmap::impl {
 
         HANDLE hFile = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(file->file_id());
 
-        HANDLE hMapping = CreateFileMappingA(hFile, NULL, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, NULL);
+        hMapping = CreateFileMappingA(hFile, NULL, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, NULL);
 
         if (hMapping == NULL) {
             DWORD error = GetLastError();
@@ -378,9 +522,9 @@ struct llama_mmap::impl {
 
         addr = MapViewOfFile(hMapping, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0);
         DWORD error = GetLastError();
-        CloseHandle(hMapping);
 
         if (addr == NULL) {
+            CloseHandle(hMapping);
             throw std::runtime_error(format("MapViewOfFile failed: %s", llama_format_win_err(error).c_str()));
         }
 
@@ -412,9 +556,17 @@ struct llama_mmap::impl {
     }
 
     ~impl() {
-        if (!UnmapViewOfFile(addr)) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("warning: UnmapViewOfFile failed: %s\n",
-                    llama_format_win_err(GetLastError()).c_str());
+        if (hMapping) {
+            if (addr) {
+                if (!UnmapViewOfFile(addr)) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_WARN("warning: UnmapViewOfFile failed: %s\n",
+                            llama_format_win_err(GetLastError()).c_str());
+                }
+            }
+            if (!CloseHandle(hMapping)) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("warning: CloseHandle failed: %s\n",
+                        llama_format_win_err(GetLastError()).c_str());
+            }
         }
     }
 #else
@@ -476,16 +628,16 @@ struct llama_mlock::impl {
 
         char* errmsg = std::strerror(errno);
         bool suggest = (errno == ENOMEM);
-#if defined(TARGET_OS_VISION) || defined(TARGET_OS_TV) || defined(_AIX)
-        // visionOS/tvOS dont't support RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
-        // Skip resource limit checks on visionOS/tvOS
+#if defined(TARGET_OS_VISION) || defined(TARGET_OS_TV) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__HAIKU__)
+        // visionOS/tvOS/Haiku don't support RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
+        // Skip resource limit checks on these platforms
         suggest = false;
 #else
         struct rlimit lock_limit;
         if (suggest && getrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &lock_limit)) {
             suggest = false;
         }
-        if (suggest && (lock_limit.rlim_max > lock_limit.rlim_cur + size)) {
+        if (suggest && ((uint64_t)lock_limit.rlim_max > (uint64_t)lock_limit.rlim_cur + size)) {
             suggest = false;
         }
 #endif
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.h
index 4e5aec3f440..29ce4d24685 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-mmap.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 struct llama_file;
 struct llama_mmap;
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ using llama_mmaps  = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<llama_mmap>>;
 using llama_mlocks = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<llama_mlock>>;
 
 struct llama_file {
-    llama_file(const char * fname, const char * mode);
+    llama_file(const char * fname, const char * mode, bool use_direct_io = false);
     ~llama_file();
 
     size_t tell() const;
@@ -23,12 +24,16 @@ struct llama_file {
 
     void seek(size_t offset, int whence) const;
 
-    void read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len) const;
-    uint32_t read_u32() const;
+    void read_raw(void * ptr, size_t len);
+    void read_raw_unsafe(void * ptr, size_t len);
+    void read_aligned_chunk(void * dest, size_t size);
+    uint32_t read_u32();
 
     void write_raw(const void * ptr, size_t len) const;
     void write_u32(uint32_t val) const;
 
+    size_t read_alignment() const;
+    bool has_direct_io() const;
 private:
     struct impl;
     std::unique_ptr<impl> pimpl;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.cpp
index bd9e6da8832..413f34c2268 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 #include "llama-model-loader.h"
 
+#include "ggml-alloc.h"
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
+#include "llama-hparams.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <future>
+#include <regex>
 
 static const size_t kiB = 1024;
 static const size_t MiB = 1024*kiB;
@@ -35,6 +41,8 @@ static std::string llama_model_ftype_name(llama_ftype ftype) {
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0:     return "Q5_0";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1:     return "Q5_1";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0:     return "Q8_0";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4_MOE: return "MXFP4 MoE";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4:    return "NVFP4";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:     return "Q2_K - Medium";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K_S:   return "Q2_K - Small";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_S:   return "Q3_K - Small";
@@ -261,7 +269,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
     template<typename T>
     typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value, bool>::type
     llama_model_loader::get_arr_n(const std::string & key, T & result, bool required) {
-        const int kid = gguf_find_key(meta.get(), key.c_str());
+        const int kid = gguf_find_key(metadata, key.c_str());
 
         if (kid < 0) {
             if (required) {
@@ -271,7 +279,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
         }
 
         struct GGUFMeta::ArrayInfo arr_info =
-            GGUFMeta::GKV<GGUFMeta::ArrayInfo>::get_kv(meta.get(), kid);
+            GGUFMeta::GKV<GGUFMeta::ArrayInfo>::get_kv(metadata, kid);
 
 
         result = arr_info.length;
@@ -288,7 +296,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
 
     template<typename T>
     bool llama_model_loader::get_arr(const std::string & key, std::vector<T> & result, bool required) {
-        const gguf_context * ctx = meta.get();
+        const gguf_context * ctx = metadata;
         const int kid = gguf_find_key(ctx, key.c_str());
 
         if (kid < 0 || gguf_get_kv_type(ctx, kid) != GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
@@ -329,7 +337,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
 
     template<typename T, size_t N_MAX>
     bool llama_model_loader::get_arr(const std::string & key, std::array<T, N_MAX> & result, bool required) {
-        const gguf_context * ctx = meta.get();
+        const gguf_context * ctx = metadata;
         const int kid = gguf_find_key(ctx, key.c_str());
 
         if (kid < 0 || gguf_get_kv_type(ctx, kid) != GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
@@ -343,6 +351,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
             GGUFMeta::GKV<GGUFMeta::ArrayInfo>::get_kv(ctx, kid);
 
         switch (arr_info.gt) {
+            case GGUF_TYPE_BOOL:
             case GGUF_TYPE_UINT32:
             case GGUF_TYPE_INT32:   GGML_ASSERT((std::is_same<T,     int32_t>::value) ||
                                                 (std::is_same<T,    uint32_t>::value)); break;
@@ -364,7 +373,13 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
                 result[i] = value;
             }
         } else {
-            std::copy((const T*)arr_info.data, (const T *)arr_info.data + arr_info.length, result.begin());
+            if (arr_info.gt == GGUF_TYPE_BOOL) {
+                std::transform((const bool *)arr_info.data, (const bool *)arr_info.data + arr_info.length, result.begin(), [](bool x) {
+                    return static_cast<T>(x);
+                });
+            } else {
+                std::copy((const T*)arr_info.data, (const T *)arr_info.data + arr_info.length, result.begin());
+            }
         }
 
         return true;
@@ -384,7 +399,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
         const struct llama_model_kv_override * override =
             it != kv_overrides.end() ? &it->second : nullptr;
 
-        const bool found = GGUFMeta::GKV<T>::set(meta.get(), key, result, override);
+        const bool found = GGUFMeta::GKV<T>::set(metadata, key, result, override);
 
         if (required && !found) {
             throw std::runtime_error(format("key not found in model: %s", key.c_str()));
@@ -418,7 +433,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
     // get array of n <= N_MAX elements, or a single element repeated n times
     template<typename T, size_t N_MAX>
     bool llama_model_loader::get_key_or_arr(const std::string & key, std::array<T, N_MAX> & result, uint32_t n, bool required) {
-        const int kid = gguf_find_key(meta.get(), key.c_str());
+        const int kid = gguf_find_key(metadata, key.c_str());
 
         if (kid < 0) {
             if (required) {
@@ -431,9 +446,9 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
             throw std::runtime_error(format("n > N_MAX: %u > %u for key %s", (uint32_t) n, (uint32_t) N_MAX, key.c_str()));
         }
 
-        if (gguf_get_kv_type(meta.get(), kid) == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+        if (gguf_get_kv_type(metadata, kid) == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
             struct GGUFMeta::ArrayInfo arr_info =
-                GGUFMeta::GKV<GGUFMeta::ArrayInfo>::get_kv(meta.get(), kid);
+                GGUFMeta::GKV<GGUFMeta::ArrayInfo>::get_kv(metadata, kid);
 
             if (n != arr_info.length) {
                 throw std::runtime_error(format("key %s has wrong array length; expected %u, got %u", key.c_str(), n, (uint32_t) arr_info.length));
@@ -461,17 +476,48 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
         return get_key_or_arr(llm_kv(kid), result, n, required);
     }
 
+    bool llama_model_loader::get_key_or_arr(enum llm_kv kid, uint32_t & result, bool required) {
+        const std::string key = llm_kv(kid);
+
+        const int id = gguf_find_key(metadata, key.c_str());
+
+        if (id < 0) {
+            if (required) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("key not found in model: %s", key.c_str()));
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // throw and error if type is an array
+        if (gguf_get_kv_type(metadata, id) == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+            if (required) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("expected scalar, found array for key: %s", key.c_str()));
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return get_key(key, result, required);
+    }
+
     // TODO: this is not very clever - figure out something better
     template bool llama_model_loader::get_key_or_arr<std::array<int, 4>>(enum llm_kv kid, std::array<int, 4> & result, uint32_t n, bool required);
     template bool llama_model_loader::get_key_or_arr<std::array<uint32_t, 512>>(enum llm_kv kid, std::array<uint32_t, 512> & result, uint32_t n, bool required);
+    template bool llama_model_loader::get_key_or_arr<std::array<float, 512>>(enum llm_kv kid, std::array<float, 512> & result, uint32_t n, bool required);
+
 
 llama_model_loader::llama_model_loader(
+        struct gguf_context * meta,
+        llama_model_set_tensor_data_t set_tensor_data,
+        void * set_tensor_data_ud,
         const std::string & fname,
         std::vector<std::string> & splits,
         bool use_mmap,
+        bool use_direct_io,
         bool check_tensors,
+        bool no_alloc,
         const llama_model_kv_override * param_overrides_p,
-        const llama_model_tensor_buft_override * param_tensor_buft_overrides_p) {
+        const llama_model_tensor_buft_override * param_tensor_buft_overrides_p)
+        : metadata(meta), set_tensor_data(set_tensor_data), set_tensor_data_ud(set_tensor_data_ud) {
     int trace = 0;
     if (getenv("LLAMA_TRACE")) {
         trace = atoi(getenv("LLAMA_TRACE"));
@@ -485,122 +531,142 @@ llama_model_loader::llama_model_loader(
 
     tensor_buft_overrides = param_tensor_buft_overrides_p;
 
-    // Load the main GGUF
-    struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
-    struct gguf_init_params params = {
-        /*.no_alloc = */ true,
-        /*.ctx      = */ &ctx,
-    };
-
-    meta.reset(gguf_init_from_file(fname.c_str(), params));
-    if (!meta) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: failed to load model from %s", __func__, fname.c_str()));
-    }
-
-    get_key(llm_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE), arch_name, false);
-    llm_kv = LLM_KV(llm_arch_from_string(arch_name));
+    if (!fname.empty()) {
+        // Load the main GGUF
+        struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
+        struct gguf_init_params params = {
+            /*.no_alloc = */ true,
+            /*.ctx      = */ &ctx,
+        };
+
+        metadata_ptr.reset(gguf_init_from_file(fname.c_str(), params));
+        metadata = metadata_ptr.get();
+        if (metadata == nullptr) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: failed to load model from %s", __func__, fname.c_str()));
+        }
 
-    files.emplace_back(new llama_file(fname.c_str(), "rb"));
-    contexts.emplace_back(ctx);
+        get_key(llm_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE), arch_name, false);
+        llm_kv = LLM_KV(llm_arch_from_string(arch_name));
 
-    // Save tensors data offset of the main file.
-    // For subsidiary files, `meta` tensor data offset must not be used,
-    // so we build a unified tensors index for weights.
-    for (ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); cur; cur = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, cur)) {
-        std::string tensor_name = std::string(cur->name);
-        // make sure there is no duplicated tensor names
-        if (weights_map.find(tensor_name) != weights_map.end()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid model: tensor '%s' is duplicated", ggml_get_name(cur)));
-        }
-        n_elements += ggml_nelements(cur);
-        n_bytes    += ggml_nbytes(cur);
-        weights_map.emplace(tensor_name, llama_tensor_weight(files.back().get(), 0, meta.get(), cur));
-    }
-    uint16_t n_split = 0;
-    get_key(llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT), n_split, false);
+        files.emplace_back(new llama_file(fname.c_str(), "rb", use_direct_io));
+        contexts.emplace_back(ctx);
 
-    // Load additional GGML contexts
-    if (n_split > 1) {
-        // make sure the main file is loaded first
-        uint16_t idx = 0;
-        const std::string kv_split_no = llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_NO);
-        get_key(kv_split_no, idx);
-        if (idx != 0) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("illegal split file idx: %d (file: %s), model must be loaded with the first split", idx, fname.c_str()));
-        }
+        if (use_mmap && use_direct_io) {
+            if (files.back()->has_direct_io()) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: direct I/O is enabled, disabling mmap\n", __func__);
+                use_mmap = false;
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: direct I/O is not available, using mmap\n", __func__);
+                use_direct_io = false;
 
-        // generate list of splits if needed
-        if (splits.empty()) {
-            splits = llama_get_list_splits(fname, idx, n_split);
+                // reopen file using std::fopen for mmap
+                files.pop_back();
+                files.emplace_back(new llama_file(fname.c_str(), "rb", false));
+            }
         }
 
-        // in case user give a custom list of splits, check if it matches the expected number
-        if (n_split != (uint16_t)splits.size()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid split count, given: %zu splits, but expected %d", splits.size(), n_split));
+        // Save tensors data offset of the main file.
+        // For subsidiary files, `meta` tensor data offset must not be used,
+        // so we build a unified tensors index for weights.
+        for (ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); cur; cur = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, cur)) {
+            std::string tensor_name = std::string(cur->name);
+            // make sure there is no duplicated tensor names
+            if (weights_map.find(tensor_name) != weights_map.end()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid model: tensor '%s' is duplicated", ggml_get_name(cur)));
+            }
+            n_elements += ggml_nelements(cur);
+            n_bytes    += ggml_nbytes(cur);
+            weights_map.emplace(tensor_name, llama_tensor_weight(files.back().get(), 0, metadata, cur));
         }
+        uint16_t n_split = 0;
+        get_key(llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT), n_split, false);
+
+        // Load additional GGML contexts
+        if (n_split > 1) {
+            // make sure the main file is loaded first
+            uint16_t idx = 0;
+            const std::string kv_split_no = llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_NO);
+            get_key(kv_split_no, idx);
+            if (idx != 0) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("illegal split file idx: %d (file: %s), model must be loaded with the first split", idx, fname.c_str()));
+            }
 
-        if (trace > 0) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loading additional %d GGUFs\n", __func__, n_split);
-        }
+            // generate list of splits if needed
+            if (splits.empty()) {
+                splits = llama_get_list_splits(fname, idx, n_split);
+            }
 
-        // load other splits
-        for (idx = 1; idx < n_split; idx++) {
-            const char * fname_split = splits[idx].c_str();
+            // in case user give a custom list of splits, check if it matches the expected number
+            if (n_split != (uint16_t)splits.size()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid split count, given: %zu splits, but expected %d", splits.size(), n_split));
+            }
 
-            struct gguf_init_params split_params = {
-                /*.no_alloc = */ true,
-                /*.ctx      = */ &ctx,
-            };
-            gguf_context_ptr ctx_gguf { gguf_init_from_file(fname_split, split_params) };
-            if (!ctx_gguf) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: failed to load GGUF split from %s", __func__, fname_split));
+            if (trace > 0) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loading additional %d GGUFs\n", __func__, n_split);
             }
 
-            // check idx
-            {
-                const int kid = gguf_find_key(ctx_gguf.get(), kv_split_no.c_str());
-                if (kid < 0) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error(format("missing key %s in GGUF split %s", kv_split_no.c_str(), fname_split));
+            // load other splits
+            for (idx = 1; idx < n_split; idx++) {
+                const char * fname_split = splits[idx].c_str();
+
+                struct gguf_init_params split_params = {
+                    /*.no_alloc = */ true,
+                    /*.ctx      = */ &ctx,
+                };
+                gguf_context_ptr ctx_gguf { gguf_init_from_file(fname_split, split_params) };
+                if (!ctx_gguf) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: failed to load GGUF split from %s", __func__, fname_split));
                 }
-                int idx_gguf = gguf_get_val_u16(ctx_gguf.get(), kid);
-                if (idx_gguf != idx) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid split file idx: %d (file: %s), expected %d", idx_gguf, fname_split, idx));
+
+                // check idx
+                {
+                    const int kid = gguf_find_key(ctx_gguf.get(), kv_split_no.c_str());
+                    if (kid < 0) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error(format("missing key %s in GGUF split %s", kv_split_no.c_str(), fname_split));
+                    }
+                    int idx_gguf = gguf_get_val_u16(ctx_gguf.get(), kid);
+                    if (idx_gguf != idx) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid split file idx: %d (file: %s), expected %d", idx_gguf, fname_split, idx));
+                    }
                 }
-            }
 
-            files.emplace_back(new llama_file(fname_split, "rb"));
-            contexts.emplace_back(ctx);
+                files.emplace_back(new llama_file(fname_split, "rb", use_direct_io));
+                contexts.emplace_back(ctx);
 
-            // Save tensors data offset info of the shard.
-            for (ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); cur; cur = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, cur)) {
-                std::string tensor_name = std::string(cur->name);
-                // make sure there is no duplicated tensor names
-                if (weights_map.find(tensor_name) != weights_map.end()) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid model: tensor '%s' is duplicated", ggml_get_name(cur)));
+                // Save tensors data offset info of the shard.
+                for (ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); cur; cur = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, cur)) {
+                    std::string tensor_name = std::string(cur->name);
+                    // make sure there is no duplicated tensor names
+                    if (weights_map.find(tensor_name) != weights_map.end()) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid model: tensor '%s' is duplicated", ggml_get_name(cur)));
+                    }
+                    n_elements += ggml_nelements(cur);
+                    n_bytes    += ggml_nbytes(cur);
+                    weights_map.emplace(tensor_name, llama_tensor_weight(files.back().get(), idx, ctx_gguf.get(), cur));
                 }
-                n_elements += ggml_nelements(cur);
-                n_bytes    += ggml_nbytes(cur);
-                weights_map.emplace(tensor_name, llama_tensor_weight(files.back().get(), idx, ctx_gguf.get(), cur));
             }
-        }
 
-        get_key(llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_TENSORS_COUNT), n_tensors);
+            get_key(llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_TENSORS_COUNT), n_tensors);
 
-        // sanity check
-        {
-            const int n_tensors_loaded = (int) weights_map.size();
-            if (n_tensors != n_tensors_loaded) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("corrupted model: %d tensors expected but %d found", n_tensors, n_tensors_loaded));
+            // sanity check
+            {
+                const int n_tensors_loaded = (int) weights_map.size();
+                if (n_tensors != n_tensors_loaded) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error(format("corrupted model: %d tensors expected but %d found", n_tensors, n_tensors_loaded));
+                }
             }
-        }
 
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: additional %d GGUFs metadata loaded.\n",  __func__, n_split - 1);
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: additional %d GGUFs metadata loaded.\n",  __func__, n_split - 1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        get_key(llm_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE), arch_name, false);
+        llm_kv = LLM_KV(llm_arch_from_string(arch_name));
     }
 
-    n_kv      = gguf_get_n_kv(meta.get());
+    n_kv      = gguf_get_n_kv(metadata);
     n_tensors = weights_map.size();
 
-    fver = (enum llama_fver) gguf_get_version(meta.get());
+    fver = (enum llama_fver) gguf_get_version(metadata);
 
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loaded meta data with %d key-value pairs and %d tensors from %s (version %s)\n",
             __func__, n_kv, n_tensors, fname.c_str(), llama_file_version_name(fver));
@@ -659,6 +725,7 @@ llama_model_loader::llama_model_loader(
             case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:  ftype = LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_NL;  break;
             case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:  ftype = LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS;  break;
             case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:   ftype = LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_S;   break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:   ftype = LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4;   break;
             default:
                 {
                     LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: unknown type %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(type_max));
@@ -679,14 +746,14 @@ llama_model_loader::llama_model_loader(
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: Dumping metadata keys/values. Note: KV overrides do not apply in this output.\n", __func__);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < n_kv; i++) {
-            const char * name           = gguf_get_key(meta.get(), i);
-            const enum gguf_type type   = gguf_get_kv_type(meta.get(), i);
+            const char * name           = gguf_get_key(metadata, i);
+            const enum gguf_type type   = gguf_get_kv_type(metadata, i);
             const std::string type_name =
                 type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY
-                ? format("%s[%s,%zu]", gguf_type_name(type), gguf_type_name(gguf_get_arr_type(meta.get(), i)), gguf_get_arr_n(meta.get(), i))
+                ? format("%s[%s,%zu]", gguf_type_name(type), gguf_type_name(gguf_get_arr_type(metadata, i)), gguf_get_arr_n(metadata, i))
                 : gguf_type_name(type);
 
-            std::string value          = gguf_kv_to_str(meta.get(), i);
+            std::string value          = gguf_kv_to_str(metadata, i);
             const size_t MAX_VALUE_LEN = 40;
             if (value.size() > MAX_VALUE_LEN) {
                 value = format("%s...", value.substr(0, MAX_VALUE_LEN - 3).c_str());
@@ -712,7 +779,9 @@ llama_model_loader::llama_model_loader(
     }
 
     this->use_mmap = use_mmap;
+    this->use_direct_io = use_direct_io;
     this->check_tensors = check_tensors;
+    this->no_alloc = no_alloc;
 }
 
 std::string llama_model_loader::get_arch_name() const {
@@ -786,14 +855,382 @@ const struct ggml_tensor * llama_model_loader::check_tensor_dims(const std::stri
     return cur;
 }
 
-struct ggml_tensor * llama_model_loader::create_tensor(struct ggml_context * ctx, const std::string & name, const std::initializer_list<int64_t> & ne, int flags) {
-    const struct ggml_tensor * cur = check_tensor_dims(name, ne, !(flags & TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED));
+// checks if the weight tensor can be used with the specified buffer type and device
+static bool weight_buft_supported(const llama_hparams & hparams, ggml_tensor * w, ggml_op op, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(w != nullptr);
+
+    if (op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ggml_init_params params = {
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ ggml_tensor_overhead()*8,
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
+    };
+    ggml_context_ptr ctx_ptr { ggml_init(params) };
+    if (!ctx_ptr) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
+    }
+    ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
+
+    ggml_tensor * op_tensor = nullptr;
+
+    switch (op) {
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, 512);
+                op_tensor = ggml_get_rows(ctx, w, b);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], 512, w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
+                op_tensor = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, w, b);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            {
+                const int n_expert_used = hparams.n_expert_used;
+                GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used > 0);
+                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], n_expert_used, 512);
+                ggml_tensor * ids = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_expert_used, 512);
+                op_tensor = ggml_mul_mat_id(ctx, w, b, ids);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], w->ne[1], w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
+                op_tensor = ggml_add(ctx, a, w);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            {
+                const int n_expert_used = hparams.n_expert_used;
+                GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used > 0);
+                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], n_expert_used, 512);
+                ggml_tensor * c = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_expert_used, 512);
+                op_tensor = ggml_add_id(ctx, a, w, c);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], w->ne[1], w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
+                op_tensor = ggml_mul(ctx, a, w);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0]);
+                op_tensor = ggml_div(ctx, a, w);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            {
+                const int n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+                const int n_head = hparams.n_head();
+                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd_head, n_head, 512);
+                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, 512);
+                op_tensor = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx, a, b, w,
+                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                    0, 0, 0, 0
+                );
+
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            {
+                const int64_t n_seq_tokens = 512;
+                const int64_t n_seqs       = 3;
+                ggml_tensor * conv_x = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0] - 1 + n_seq_tokens, w->ne[1], n_seqs);
+                op_tensor = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx, conv_x, w);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+            {
+                // w is ssm_a, which is used to distinguish Mamba-1 and Mamba-2
+                const int64_t d_state      = w->ne[0] == 1 ? hparams.ssm_d_state : w->ne[0];
+                const int64_t n_head       = w->ne[1];
+                const int64_t head_dim     = hparams.ssm_d_inner / n_head;
+                const int64_t n_group      = hparams.ssm_n_group ? hparams.ssm_n_group : 1;
+                const int64_t n_seq_tokens = 512;
+                const int64_t n_seqs       = 3;
+                ggml_tensor * s   = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_state, head_dim, n_head, n_seqs);
+                ggml_tensor * x   = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+                ggml_tensor * dt  = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+                ggml_tensor * B   = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_state, n_group, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+                ggml_tensor * C   = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_state, n_group, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+                ggml_tensor * ids = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_seqs);
+                op_tensor = ggml_ssm_scan(ctx, s, x, dt, w, B, C, ids);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
+            {
+                // FIXME
+                const int64_t S = 123;
+                const int64_t H = 123;
+                const int64_t n_tokens = 123;
+                const int64_t n_seqs = 123;
+                ggml_tensor  * k = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
+                ggml_tensor  * v = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
+                ggml_tensor  * r = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
+                ggml_tensor  * tf = w;
+                ggml_tensor  * td = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
+                ggml_tensor  * state = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, n_seqs, S, H);
+                op_tensor = ggml_rwkv_wkv6(ctx, k, v, r, tf, td, state);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
+            {
+                const int n_embd_inp = hparams.n_embd_inp();
+                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd_inp, w->ne[1], 1, 1);
+                op_tensor = ggml_im2col(ctx, w, b, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, false, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            {
+                op_tensor = ggml_scale(ctx, w, 1.0f);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("%s: missing test for op %s for tensor %s", __func__, ggml_op_name(op), w->name);
+    }
+
+    // create a temporary dummy buffer for the weight so that supports_op can check the buffer type
+    GGML_ASSERT(w->buffer == nullptr);
+    w->buffer = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, 0);
+    bool op_supported = ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(dev, op_tensor);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_free(w->buffer);
+    w->buffer = nullptr;
+
+    return op_supported;
+}
+
+// find the first buffer type in the list that can use the tensor
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t select_weight_buft(const llama_hparams & hparams, ggml_tensor * tensor, ggml_op op, const buft_list_t * buft_list) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(!buft_list->empty());
+    for (const auto & cur : *buft_list) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t cur_dev = cur.first;
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t cur_buft = cur.second;
+        if (weight_buft_supported(hparams, tensor, op, cur_buft, cur_dev)) {
+            return cur_buft;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * llama_model_loader::create_tensor(
+        const llama_hparams & hparams, const buft_list_t * buft_list_cpu, const buft_list_t * buft_list_input, const buft_list_t * buft_list_output,
+        const buft_list_t * buft_list_layer, const LLM_TN_IMPL & tn, const std::initializer_list<int64_t> & ne, int flags) {
+    auto ctx_for_buft = [&](ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) -> ggml_context * {
+        auto it = ctx_map.find(buft);
+        if (it == ctx_map.end()) {
+            // one ggml context per buffer type
+            int max_n_tensors = n_tensors;
+            max_n_tensors += 1;                 // duplicated output tensor
+            max_n_tensors += hparams.n_layer*2; // duplicated rope freq tensors
+            if (files.empty()) {
+                max_n_tensors += hparams.n_layer*256; // this should be well above what any model actually uses
+            }
+            const size_t ctx_size = ggml_tensor_overhead()*max_n_tensors;
+
+            ggml_init_params params = {
+                /*.mem_size   =*/ ctx_size,
+                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
+            };
+
+            ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
+            if (!ctx) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
+            }
+
+            ctx_map.emplace(buft, ctx);
+
+            return ctx;
+        }
+        return it->second.get();
+    };
+
+    auto buft_for_tensor = [&](ggml_tensor * t_meta) -> ggml_backend_buffer_type_t {
+        if (!t_meta) {
+            if (flags & TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("missing tensor '%s'", tn.str().c_str()));
+        }
+
+        // some models use the token embedding tensor as the output, but since these are used in different layers and with different ops
+        // the tensor is duplicated
+        // to handle this, we check if the tensor is duplicated, and if so, we assume that it is being loaded as the output tensor
+        llm_tensor tn_tensor = tn.tensor;
+        if (tn.tensor == LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD && (flags & TENSOR_DUPLICATED)) {
+            tn_tensor = LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT;
+        }
+
+        llm_tensor_info info;
+        try {
+            info = llm_tensor_info_for(tn_tensor);
+        } catch (const std::out_of_range & e) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("missing tensor info mapping for %s", tn.str().c_str()));
+        }
+
+        // skip unused tensors
+        if (info.op == GGML_OP_NONE || (flags & TENSOR_SKIP)) {
+            const size_t nbytes = ggml_nbytes(t_meta);
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("model has unused tensor %s (size = %zu bytes) -- ignoring\n", tn.str().c_str(), nbytes);
+
+            size_data -= nbytes;
+            n_created++;
+
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // tensors with "bias" suffix are always used with GGML_OP_ADD or GGML_OP_ADD_ID
+        ggml_op op;
+        bool bias = tn.suffix != nullptr && strcmp(tn.suffix, "bias") == 0;
+        if (bias) {
+            if (info.op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
+                op = GGML_OP_ADD_ID;
+            } else {
+                op = GGML_OP_ADD;
+            }
+        } else {
+            op = info.op;
+        }
+
+        // sanity checks
+        if (info.layer == LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT || info.layer == LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT) {
+            if (tn.bid != -1) {
+                GGML_ABORT("input/output layer tensor %s used with a layer number", tn.str().c_str());
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (tn.bid == -1) {
+                GGML_ABORT("repeating layer tensor %s used without a layer number", tn.str().c_str());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // select the buffer type for this tensor
+        const buft_list_t * buft_list;
+        switch (info.layer) {
+            case LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT:
+                buft_list = buft_list_input;
+                break;
+            case LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT:
+                buft_list = buft_list_output;
+                break;
+            case LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING:
+                GGML_ASSERT(buft_list_layer != nullptr);
+                buft_list = buft_list_layer;
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("invalid layer %d for tensor %s", info.layer, tn.str().c_str());
+        }
+
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = nullptr;
+
+        // check overrides
+        if (tensor_buft_overrides) {
+            std::string tensor_name = tn.str();
+            for (const auto * overrides = tensor_buft_overrides; overrides->pattern != nullptr; ++overrides) {
+                std::regex pattern(overrides->pattern);
+                if (std::regex_search(tensor_name, pattern)) {
+                    if (overrides->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()) {
+                        // when overriding to a CPU buffer, consider the extra buffer types
+                        buft = select_weight_buft(hparams, t_meta, op, buft_list_cpu);
+                    } else {
+                        buft = overrides->buft;
+                    }
+
+                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("tensor %s (%zu MiB %s) buffer type overridden to %s\n",
+                            tensor_name.c_str(),
+                            ggml_nbytes(t_meta) / 1024 / 1024, ggml_type_name(t_meta->type),
+                            ggml_backend_buft_name(buft));
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!buft) {
+            buft = select_weight_buft(hparams, t_meta, op, buft_list);
+            if (!buft) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to find a compatible buffer type for tensor %s", tn.str().c_str()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // avoid using a host buffer when using mmap
+        auto * buft_dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+        if (use_mmap && buft_dev && buft == ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(buft_dev)) {
+            auto * cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
+            if (!cpu_dev) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("no CPU backend found");
+            }
+            buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(cpu_dev);
+        }
+
+        if (buft != buft_list->front().second) {
+            if (n_tensors_moved == 0) {
+                first_tensor_moved_name = t_meta->name;
+                first_tensor_moved_type_name = ggml_type_name(t_meta->type);
+                first_moved_from_buft = buft_list->front().second;
+                first_moved_to_buft   = buft;
+            }
+            n_tensors_moved++;
+        }
+
+        return buft;
+    };
+
+    if (files.empty()) {
+        if (flags & TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        ggml_type type = GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        const int64_t tid = gguf_find_tensor(metadata, tn.str().c_str());
+        if (tid != -1) {
+            type = gguf_get_tensor_type(metadata, tid);
+        }
+
+        // for tensors that are not required some of the dimensions can be invalid:
+        if (flags & TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED) {
+            for (size_t dim = 0; dim < ne.size(); dim++) {
+                if (ne.begin()[dim] <= 0) {
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor t_meta;
+        memset(&t_meta, 0, sizeof(ggml_tensor));
+        t_meta.type = type;
+        for (size_t dim = 0; dim < GGML_MAX_DIMS; dim++) {
+            t_meta.ne[dim] = dim < ne.size() ? ne.begin()[dim] : 1;
+            GGML_ASSERT(t_meta.ne[dim] >= 1);
+            t_meta.nb[dim] = dim == 0 ? ggml_type_size(type) : t_meta.ne[dim-1]*t_meta.nb[dim-1];
+            GGML_ASSERT(t_meta.nb[dim] >= 1);
+        }
+        ggml_set_name(&t_meta, tn.str().c_str());
+
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = buft_for_tensor(&t_meta);
+        GGML_ASSERT(buft != nullptr);
+        ggml_context * ctx = ctx_for_buft(buft);
+        ggml_tensor * ret = ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, &t_meta);
+        ggml_set_name(ret, tn.str().c_str());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * t_meta = get_tensor_meta(tn.str().c_str());
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = buft_for_tensor(t_meta);
+    if (buft == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr; // return type is ggml_tensor *
+    }
+    ggml_context * ctx = ctx_for_buft(buft);
+
+    // if duplicated, check if the original tensor was allocated in the same buffer type context and avoid creating a new one
+    if (flags & TENSOR_DUPLICATED) {
+        ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_tensor(ctx, tn.str().c_str());
+        if (t) {
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: loading tensor %s\n", __func__, tn.str().c_str());
+    const struct ggml_tensor * cur = check_tensor_dims(tn.str(), ne, !(flags & TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED));
 
     if (cur == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    bool duplicated = flags & TENSOR_DUPLICATED;
+    const bool duplicated = flags & TENSOR_DUPLICATED;
 
     struct ggml_tensor * tensor = ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, cur);
     ggml_set_name(tensor, ggml_get_name(cur));
@@ -805,7 +1242,6 @@ struct ggml_tensor * llama_model_loader::create_tensor(struct ggml_context * ctx
     }
 
     return tensor;
-
 }
 
 struct ggml_tensor * llama_model_loader::create_tensor_as_view(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * base, const std::string & name, const std::initializer_list<int64_t> & ne, size_t offset, bool required) {
@@ -840,6 +1276,11 @@ void llama_model_loader::done_getting_tensors() const {
     if (n_created != n_tensors) {
         throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: wrong number of tensors; expected %d, got %d", __func__, n_tensors, n_created));
     }
+    if (n_tensors_moved > 0) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: tensor '%s' (%s) (and %zu others) cannot be used with preferred buffer type %s, using %s instead\n",
+            __func__, first_tensor_moved_name.c_str(), first_tensor_moved_type_name.c_str(), n_tensors_moved - 1,
+            ggml_backend_buft_name(first_moved_from_buft), ggml_backend_buft_name(first_moved_to_buft));
+    }
 }
 
 void llama_model_loader::init_mappings(bool prefetch, llama_mlocks * mlock_mmaps) {
@@ -921,6 +1362,12 @@ bool llama_model_loader::load_all_data(
         llama_mlocks * lmlocks,
         llama_progress_callback progress_callback,
         void * progress_callback_user_data) {
+    if (files.empty()) {
+        for (ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != nullptr; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
+            set_tensor_data(t, set_tensor_data_ud);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
     GGML_ASSERT(size_data != 0 && "call init_mappings() first");
 
     std::vector<no_init<uint8_t>> read_buf;
@@ -929,7 +1376,15 @@ bool llama_model_loader::load_all_data(
     // 4 staging buffers for async uploads, each sized 1MB seems to be a good default for single NVMe drives.
     // NVMe raid configurations might require more / larger buffers.
     constexpr size_t n_buffers = 4;
-    constexpr size_t buffer_size = 1 * 1024 * 1024; // 1MB
+
+    size_t alignment = 1;
+    for (const auto & file : files) {
+        alignment = std::max(file->read_alignment(), alignment);
+    }
+
+    // Buffer size: balance between memory usage and I/O efficiency
+    // 64MB works well for NVMe drives
+    const size_t buffer_size = alignment != 1 ? 64 * 1024 * 1024 + 2 * alignment : 1 * 1024 * 1024;
 
     std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_t> host_buffers;
     std::vector<ggml_backend_event_t> events;
@@ -979,6 +1434,7 @@ bool llama_model_loader::load_all_data(
         // If the backend is supported, create pinned memory buffers and events for synchronisation.
         for (size_t idx = 0; idx < n_buffers; ++idx) {
             auto * buf = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(host_buft, buffer_size);
+
             if (!buf) {
                 LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: failed to allocate host buffer for async uploads for device %s\n", func,
                     ggml_backend_dev_name(dev));
@@ -1060,6 +1516,7 @@ bool llama_model_loader::load_all_data(
             }
         } else {
             const auto & file = files.at(weight->idx);
+
             if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(cur->buffer)) {
                 file->seek(weight->offs, SEEK_SET);
                 file->read_raw(cur->data, n_size);
@@ -1071,19 +1528,54 @@ bool llama_model_loader::load_all_data(
             } else {
                 // If upload_backend is valid load the tensor in chunks to pinned memory and upload the buffers asynchronously to the GPU.
                 if (upload_backend) {
-                    file->seek(weight->offs, SEEK_SET);
+                    size_t offset = weight->offs;
+                    alignment = file->read_alignment();
+                    size_t aligned_offset = offset & ~(alignment - 1);
+                    size_t offset_from_alignment = offset - aligned_offset;
+                    file->seek(aligned_offset, SEEK_SET);
+
+                    // Calculate aligned read boundaries
+                    size_t read_start = aligned_offset;
+                    size_t read_end = (offset + n_size + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
 
                     size_t bytes_read = 0;
+                    size_t data_read = 0;  // Actual tensor data copied (excluding padding)
 
-                    while (bytes_read < n_size) {
-                        size_t read_iteration = std::min<size_t>(buffer_size, n_size - bytes_read);
+                    while (bytes_read < read_end - read_start) {
+                        size_t read_size = std::min<size_t>(buffer_size, read_end - read_start - bytes_read);
 
+                        // Align the destination pointer within the pinned buffer
+                        uintptr_t ptr_dest_aligned = (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(host_ptrs[buffer_idx]) + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
+
+                        // Wait for previous upload to complete before reusing buffer
                         ggml_backend_event_synchronize(events[buffer_idx]);
-                        file->read_raw(host_ptrs[buffer_idx], read_iteration);
-                        ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(upload_backend, cur, host_ptrs[buffer_idx], bytes_read, read_iteration);
+
+                        // Read aligned chunk from file
+                        file->read_raw_unsafe(reinterpret_cast<void *>(ptr_dest_aligned), read_size);
+
+                        // Calculate actual data portion (excluding alignment padding)
+                        uintptr_t ptr_data = ptr_dest_aligned;
+                        size_t data_to_copy = read_size;
+
+                        // Skip alignment padding at start of first chunk
+                        if (bytes_read == 0) {
+                            ptr_data += offset_from_alignment;
+                            data_to_copy -= offset_from_alignment;
+                        }
+
+                        // Trim alignment padding at end of last chunk
+                        if (aligned_offset + bytes_read + read_size > offset + n_size) {
+                            data_to_copy -= (read_end - (offset + n_size));
+                        }
+
+                        // Async upload actual data to GPU
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(upload_backend, cur,
+                                                      reinterpret_cast<void *>(ptr_data), data_read, data_to_copy);
                         ggml_backend_event_record(events[buffer_idx], upload_backend);
 
-                        bytes_read += read_iteration;
+                        data_read += data_to_copy;
+                        bytes_read += read_size;
+
                         ++buffer_idx;
                         buffer_idx %= n_buffers;
                     }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.h
index 0f52b011b69..ed5de729caf 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-loader.h
@@ -4,17 +4,22 @@
 
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 #include "llama-arch.h"
+#include "llama-hparams.h"
 #include "llama-mmap.h"
 
 #include "ggml-cpp.h"
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <map>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 using llama_buf_map = std::unordered_map<uint32_t, ggml_backend_buffer_t>;
 
+// lists of buffer types used for each layer
+using buft_list_t = std::vector<std::pair<ggml_backend_dev_t, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t>>;
+
 enum llama_fver {
     GGUF_FILE_VERSION_V1 = 1,
     GGUF_FILE_VERSION_V2 = 2,
@@ -58,8 +63,10 @@ struct llama_model_loader {
         }
     };
 
-    static const int TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED = 1;
-    static const int TENSOR_DUPLICATED   = 2;
+    static const int TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED    = 1 << 0;
+    static const int TENSOR_DUPLICATED      = 1 << 1;
+    static const int TENSOR_SKIP            = 1 << 2;
+    static const int TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL = 1 << 3;
 
     int n_kv      = 0;
     int n_tensors = 0;
@@ -69,7 +76,9 @@ struct llama_model_loader {
     size_t   n_bytes    = 0;
 
     bool use_mmap = false;
+    bool use_direct_io = false;
     bool check_tensors;
+    bool no_alloc;
 
     llama_files files;
     llama_ftype ftype;
@@ -81,7 +90,10 @@ struct llama_model_loader {
     std::unordered_map<std::string, llama_model_kv_override> kv_overrides;
     const llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides;
 
-    gguf_context_ptr meta;
+    gguf_context_ptr metadata_ptr;
+    struct gguf_context * metadata; // either metadata_ptr.get() or externally set
+    llama_model_set_tensor_data_t set_tensor_data;
+    void * set_tensor_data_ud;
     std::vector<ggml_context_ptr> contexts;
 
     std::string arch_name;
@@ -91,11 +103,32 @@ struct llama_model_loader {
     size_t size_data = 0;
     std::vector<std::pair<size_t, size_t>> mmaps_used;
 
+    // define a comparator for the buft -> ctx map to ensure that the order is well-defined:
+    struct ggml_backend_buft_comparator {
+        bool operator()(const ggml_backend_buffer_type_t & lhs, const ggml_backend_buffer_type_t & rhs) const {
+            return strcmp(ggml_backend_buft_name(lhs), ggml_backend_buft_name(rhs)) < 0;
+        }
+    };
+
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, ggml_context_ptr, ggml_backend_buft_comparator> ctx_map;
+
+    // track tensors that had to be moved for debugging:
+    size_t n_tensors_moved = 0;
+    std::string first_tensor_moved_name;
+    std::string first_tensor_moved_type_name;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t first_moved_from_buft = nullptr;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t first_moved_to_buft = nullptr;
+
     llama_model_loader(
+        struct gguf_context * metadata,
+        llama_model_set_tensor_data_t set_tensor_data,
+        void * set_tensor_data_ud,
         const std::string & fname,
         std::vector<std::string> & splits, // optional, only need if the split does not follow naming scheme
         bool use_mmap,
+        bool use_direct_io,
         bool check_tensors,
+        bool no_alloc,
         const llama_model_kv_override * param_overrides_p,
         const llama_model_tensor_buft_override * param_tensor_buft_overrides_p);
 
@@ -128,6 +161,8 @@ struct llama_model_loader {
     template<typename T>
     bool get_key_or_arr(enum llm_kv kid, T & result, uint32_t n, bool required = true);
 
+    bool get_key_or_arr(enum llm_kv kid, uint32_t & result, bool required = true);
+
     std::string get_arch_name() const;
 
     enum llm_arch get_arch() const;
@@ -142,7 +177,9 @@ struct llama_model_loader {
 
     const struct ggml_tensor * check_tensor_dims(const std::string & name, const std::vector<int64_t> & ne, bool required) const;
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * create_tensor(struct ggml_context * ctx, const std::string & name, const std::initializer_list<int64_t> & ne, int flags = 0);
+    struct ggml_tensor * create_tensor(
+        const llama_hparams & hparams, const buft_list_t * buft_list_cpu, const buft_list_t * buft_list_input, const buft_list_t * buft_list_output,
+        const buft_list_t * buft_list_layer, const LLM_TN_IMPL & tn, const std::initializer_list<int64_t> & ne, int flags);
 
     struct ggml_tensor * create_tensor_as_view(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * base, const std::string & name, const std::initializer_list<int64_t> & ne, size_t offset, bool required = true);
 
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.cpp
index 563823dc35d..6f6538aeccd 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.cpp
@@ -7,14 +7,19 @@
 #include "llama-model.h"
 #include "llama-vocab.h"
 
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 
-llama_model_saver::llama_model_saver(const struct llama_model & model) : model(model), llm_kv(model.arch) {
-    gguf_ctx = gguf_init_empty();
-}
+llama_model_saver::llama_model_saver(const struct llama_model * model) :
+    gguf_ctx(gguf_init_empty()), gguf_ctx_owned(true), model(model), llm_kv(model->arch) {}
+
+llama_model_saver::llama_model_saver(enum llm_arch arch, struct gguf_context * gguf_ctx) :
+        gguf_ctx(gguf_ctx == nullptr ? gguf_init_empty() : gguf_ctx), gguf_ctx_owned(gguf_ctx == nullptr), model(nullptr), llm_kv(arch) {}
 
 llama_model_saver::~llama_model_saver() {
-    gguf_free(gguf_ctx);
+    if (gguf_ctx_owned) {
+        gguf_free(gguf_ctx);
+    }
 }
 
 void llama_model_saver::add_kv(const enum llm_kv key, const uint32_t value) {
@@ -46,7 +51,8 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_kv(const enum llm_kv key, const char value) {
 
 template <typename Container>
 void llama_model_saver::add_kv(const enum llm_kv key, const Container & value, const bool per_layer) {
-    const size_t n_values = per_layer ? size_t(model.hparams.n_layer) : value.size();
+    GGML_ASSERT(model != nullptr || !per_layer);
+    const size_t n_values = per_layer ? size_t(model->hparams.n_layer) : value.size();
     GGML_ASSERT(n_values <= value.size());
 
     if (n_values == 0) {
@@ -83,6 +89,8 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_kv(const enum llm_kv key, const Container & value, c
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 }
+// instantiate for external usage:
+template void llama_model_saver::add_kv<std::vector<uint32_t>>(const enum llm_kv, const std::vector<uint32_t> &, const bool);
 
 void llama_model_saver::add_kv(const enum llm_kv key, const std::vector<std::string> & value) {
     std::vector<const char *> tmp(value.size());
@@ -104,37 +112,39 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_tensor(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
 }
 
 void llama_model_saver::add_kv_from_model() {
-    const llama_hparams & hparams = model.hparams;
-    const llama_vocab   & vocab   = model.vocab;
+    const llama_hparams & hparams = model->hparams;
+    const llama_vocab   & vocab   = model->vocab;
 
     const int32_t n_vocab = vocab.n_tokens();
     std::vector<std::string> tokens(n_vocab);
     std::vector<float>       scores(n_vocab);
     std::vector<int32_t>     token_types(n_vocab);
 
-    for (int32_t id = 0; id < n_vocab; ++id) {
-        const llama_vocab::token_data & token_data = vocab.get_token_data(id);
-
-        tokens[id] = token_data.text;
-        scores[id] = token_data.score;
-
-        switch(token_data.attr) {
-            case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNKNOWN:      token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_UNKNOWN;      break;
-            case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNUSED:       token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_UNUSED;       break;
-            case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_NORMAL:       token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_NORMAL;       break;
-            case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL:      token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_CONTROL;      break;
-            case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_USER_DEFINED: token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_USER_DEFINED; break;
-            case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_BYTE:         token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_BYTE;         break;
-            case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNDEFINED:
-            default:                            token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_UNDEFINED;    break;
+    if (vocab.get_type() != LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_NONE) {
+        for (int32_t id = 0; id < n_vocab; ++id) {
+            const llama_vocab::token_data & token_data = vocab.get_token_data(id);
+
+            tokens[id] = token_data.text;
+            scores[id] = token_data.score;
+
+            switch(token_data.attr) {
+                case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNKNOWN:      token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_UNKNOWN;      break;
+                case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNUSED:       token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_UNUSED;       break;
+                case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_NORMAL:       token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_NORMAL;       break;
+                case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL:      token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_CONTROL;      break;
+                case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_USER_DEFINED: token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_USER_DEFINED; break;
+                case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_BYTE:         token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_BYTE;         break;
+                case LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNDEFINED:
+                default:                            token_types[id] = LLAMA_TOKEN_TYPE_UNDEFINED;    break;
+            }
         }
     }
 
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_TYPE,                      ???);
-    add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE,              model.arch_name());
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE,              model->arch_name());
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_QUANTIZATION_VERSION,      ???);
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT,                 ???);
-    add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME,                      model.name);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME,                      model->name);
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_AUTHOR,                    ???);
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_VERSION,                   ???);
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_GENERAL_URL,                       ???);
@@ -146,6 +156,9 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_kv_from_model() {
     add_kv(LLM_KV_VOCAB_SIZE,                        vocab.n_tokens());
     add_kv(LLM_KV_CONTEXT_LENGTH,                    hparams.n_ctx_train);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH,                  hparams.n_embd);
+    if (hparams.n_embd_out_impl > 0) {
+        add_kv(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH_OUT,          hparams.n_embd_out_impl);
+    }
     add_kv(LLM_KV_BLOCK_COUNT,                       hparams.n_layer);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,         hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,               hparams.n_ff_arr, true);
@@ -173,8 +186,10 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_kv_from_model() {
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT_KV,           hparams.n_head_kv_arr, true);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_MAX_ALIBI_BIAS,          hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CLAMP_KQV,               hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
-    add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH,              hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-    add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH,            hparams.n_embd_head_v);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH,              hparams.n_embd_head_k_full);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH,            hparams.n_embd_head_v_full);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_SWA,          hparams.n_embd_head_k_swa);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_SWA,        hparams.n_embd_head_v_swa);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,           hparams.f_norm_eps);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,                  hparams.causal_attn);
@@ -186,7 +201,8 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_kv_from_model() {
 
     const float rope_scaling_factor = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train == 1.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f/hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
 
-    add_kv(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT,              hparams.n_rot);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT,              hparams.n_rot_full);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT_SWA,          hparams.n_rot_swa);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE,                    hparams.rope_freq_base_train);
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALE_LINEAR,                 rope_scaling_factor); // old name
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE,                 llama_rope_scaling_type_name(hparams.rope_scaling_type_train));
@@ -252,24 +268,25 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_kv_from_model() {
 }
 
 void llama_model_saver::add_tensors_from_model() {
-    if (std::string(model.output->name) != std::string(model.tok_embd->name)) {
-        add_tensor(model.tok_embd); // some models use the same tensor for tok_embd and output
+    if (std::string(model->output->name) != std::string(model->tok_embd->name)) {
+        add_tensor(model->tok_embd); // some models use the same tensor for tok_embd and output
     }
-    add_tensor(model.type_embd);
-    add_tensor(model.pos_embd);
-    add_tensor(model.tok_norm);
-    add_tensor(model.tok_norm_b);
-    add_tensor(model.output_norm);
-    add_tensor(model.output_norm_b);
-    add_tensor(model.output);
-    add_tensor(model.output_b);
-    add_tensor(model.output_norm_enc);
-    add_tensor(model.cls);
-    add_tensor(model.cls_b);
-    add_tensor(model.cls_out);
-    add_tensor(model.cls_out_b);
-
-    for (const struct llama_layer & layer : model.layers) {
+    add_tensor(model->type_embd);
+    add_tensor(model->pos_embd);
+    add_tensor(model->tok_norm);
+    add_tensor(model->tok_norm_b);
+    add_tensor(model->output_norm);
+    add_tensor(model->output_norm_b);
+    add_tensor(model->output);
+    add_tensor(model->output_b);
+    add_tensor(model->output_norm_enc);
+    add_tensor(model->cls);
+    add_tensor(model->cls_b);
+    add_tensor(model->cls_out);
+    add_tensor(model->cls_out_b);
+    add_tensor(model->cls_norm);
+
+    for (const struct llama_layer & layer : model->layers) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(layer)/sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *); ++i) {
             add_tensor(reinterpret_cast<const struct ggml_tensor * const *>(&layer)[i]);
         }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.h
index a5a434c3069..2b3541ce6c5 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model-saver.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "gguf.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "llama-arch.h"
 
@@ -7,10 +8,12 @@
 
 struct llama_model_saver {
     struct gguf_context * gguf_ctx = nullptr;
-    const struct llama_model & model;
+    const bool gguf_ctx_owned;
+    const struct llama_model * model;
     const struct LLM_KV llm_kv;
 
-    llama_model_saver(const struct llama_model & model);
+    llama_model_saver(const struct llama_model * model);
+    llama_model_saver(enum llm_arch arch, struct gguf_context * gguf_ctx);
     ~llama_model_saver();
 
     void add_kv(enum llm_kv key, uint32_t     value);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.cpp
index e2c82017f68..e8e1bbf1cd1 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.cpp
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 #include "llama-model.h"
 
+#include "ggml.h"
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 #include "llama-mmap.h"
-#include "llama-batch.h"
 #include "llama-cparams.h"
 #include "llama-model-loader.h"
 
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified.h"
-#include "llama-kv-cache-unified-iswa.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cache.h"
+#include "llama-kv-cache-iswa.h"
 #include "llama-memory-hybrid.h"
+#include "llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.h"
 #include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
 
 #include "ggml-cpp.h"
 
+#include "models/models.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
-#include <cmath>
 #include <cfloat>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
@@ -31,25 +34,38 @@ const char * llm_type_name(llm_type type) {
         case LLM_TYPE_17M:           return "17M";
         case LLM_TYPE_22M:           return "22M";
         case LLM_TYPE_33M:           return "33M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_47M:           return "47M";
         case LLM_TYPE_60M:           return "60M";
         case LLM_TYPE_70M:           return "70M";
         case LLM_TYPE_80M:           return "80M";
         case LLM_TYPE_109M:          return "109M";
         case LLM_TYPE_137M:          return "137M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_140M:          return "140M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_149M:          return "149M";
         case LLM_TYPE_160M:          return "160M";
         case LLM_TYPE_190M:          return "190M";
         case LLM_TYPE_220M:          return "220M";
         case LLM_TYPE_250M:          return "250M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_256M:          return "256M";
         case LLM_TYPE_270M:          return "270M";
         case LLM_TYPE_335M:          return "335M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_350M:          return "350M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_360M:          return "360M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_395M:          return "395M";
         case LLM_TYPE_410M:          return "410M";
         case LLM_TYPE_450M:          return "450M";
         case LLM_TYPE_475M:          return "475M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_558M:          return "558M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_700M:          return "700M";
         case LLM_TYPE_770M:          return "770M";
         case LLM_TYPE_780M:          return "780M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_950M:          return "950M";
+        case LLM_TYPE_0_3B:          return "0.3B";
         case LLM_TYPE_0_5B:          return "0.5B";
         case LLM_TYPE_0_6B:          return "0.6B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_0_8B:          return "0.8B";
         case LLM_TYPE_1B:            return "1B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_1_2B:          return "1.2B";
         case LLM_TYPE_1_3B:          return "1.3B";
         case LLM_TYPE_1_4B:          return "1.4B";
         case LLM_TYPE_1_5B:          return "1.5B";
@@ -57,6 +73,7 @@ const char * llm_type_name(llm_type type) {
         case LLM_TYPE_1_7B:          return "1.7B";
         case LLM_TYPE_1_8B:          return "1.8B";
         case LLM_TYPE_2B:            return "2B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_2_6B:          return "2.6B";
         case LLM_TYPE_2_8B:          return "2.8B";
         case LLM_TYPE_2_9B:          return "2.9B";
         case LLM_TYPE_3B:            return "3B";
@@ -73,14 +90,17 @@ const char * llm_type_name(llm_type type) {
         case LLM_TYPE_15B:           return "15B";
         case LLM_TYPE_16B:           return "16B";
         case LLM_TYPE_20B:           return "20B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_26B:           return "26B";
         case LLM_TYPE_27B:           return "27B";
         case LLM_TYPE_30B:           return "30B";
         case LLM_TYPE_32B:           return "32B";
         case LLM_TYPE_34B:           return "34B";
         case LLM_TYPE_35B:           return "35B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_36B:           return "36B";
         case LLM_TYPE_40B:           return "40B";
         case LLM_TYPE_65B:           return "65B";
         case LLM_TYPE_70B:           return "70B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_120B:          return "120B";
         case LLM_TYPE_142B:          return "142B";
         case LLM_TYPE_236B:          return "236B";
         case LLM_TYPE_290B:          return "290B";
@@ -101,8 +121,32 @@ const char * llm_type_name(llm_type type) {
         case LLM_TYPE_57B_A14B:      return "57B.A14B";
         case LLM_TYPE_17B_16E:       return "17Bx16E (Scout)";
         case LLM_TYPE_17B_128E:      return "17Bx128E (Maverick)";
+        case LLM_TYPE_A13B:          return "A13B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_7B_A1B:        return "7B.A1B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_8B_A1B:        return "8B.A1B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_16B_A1B:       return "16B.A1B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_21B_A3B:       return "21B.A3B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_24B_A2B:       return "24B.A2B";
         case LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B:       return "30B.A3B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_31B_A3_5B:     return "31B.A3.5B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_35B_A3B:       return "35B.A3B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_48B_A3B:       return "48B.A3B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_80B_A3B:       return "80B.A3B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_100B_A6B:      return "100B.A6B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_102B_A12B:     return "102B.A12B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_106B_A12B:     return "106B.A12B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_120B_A12B:     return "120B.A12B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_122B_A10B:     return "122B.A10B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_196B_A11B:     return "196B.A11B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_230B_A10B:     return "230B.A10B";
         case LLM_TYPE_235B_A22B:     return "235B.A22B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_300B_A47B:     return "300B.A47B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_310B_A15B:     return "310B.A15B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_355B_A32B:     return "355B.A32B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_397B_A17B:     return "397B.A17B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_744B_A40B:     return "744B.A40B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_E2B:           return "E2B";
+        case LLM_TYPE_E4B:           return "E4B";
         default:                     return "?B";
     }
 }
@@ -136,147 +180,8 @@ static llama_rope_scaling_type llama_rope_scaling_type_from_string(const std::st
     return LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 }
 
-// checks if the weight tensor can be used with the specified buffer type and device
-static bool weight_buft_supported(const llama_hparams & hparams, ggml_tensor * w, ggml_op op, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(w != nullptr);
-
-    if (op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    ggml_init_params params = {
-        /*.mem_size   =*/ ggml_tensor_overhead()*8,
-        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
-        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
-    };
-    ggml_context_ptr ctx_ptr { ggml_init(params) };
-    if (!ctx_ptr) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
-    }
-    ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
-
-    ggml_tensor * op_tensor = nullptr;
-
-    switch (op) {
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, 512);
-                op_tensor = ggml_get_rows(ctx, w, b);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], 512, w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
-                op_tensor = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, w, b);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
-            {
-                int n_expert_used = hparams.n_expert_used;
-                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], n_expert_used, 512);
-                ggml_tensor * ids = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_expert_used, 512);
-                op_tensor = ggml_mul_mat_id(ctx, w, b, ids);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_ADD:
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], w->ne[1], w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
-                op_tensor = ggml_add(ctx, a, w);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL:
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], w->ne[1], w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
-                op_tensor = ggml_mul(ctx, a, w);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_DIV:
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0]);
-                op_tensor = ggml_div(ctx, a, w);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-            {
-                int n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-                int n_head = hparams.n_head();
-                ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd_head, n_head, 512);
-                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, 512);
-                op_tensor = ggml_rope_ext(
-                    ctx, a, b, w,
-                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                    0, 0, 0, 0
-                );
-
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
-            {
-                // FIXME
-                ggml_tensor * conv_x = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 12345, w->ne[1], 6789);
-                op_tensor = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx, conv_x, w);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
-            {
-                // FIXME
-                const int64_t d_state      = w->ne[0];
-                const int64_t d_inner      = w->ne[1];
-                const int64_t n_seq_tokens = 512;
-                const int64_t n_seqs       = 1;
-                ggml_tensor * s  = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_state, d_inner, n_seqs);
-                ggml_tensor * x = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-                ggml_tensor * dt = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-                ggml_tensor * B = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-                ggml_tensor * C = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-                op_tensor = ggml_ssm_scan(ctx, s, x, dt, w, B, C);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
-            {
-                // FIXME
-                const int64_t S = 123;
-                const int64_t H = 123;
-                const int64_t n_tokens = 123;
-                const int64_t n_seqs = 123;
-                ggml_tensor  * k = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
-                ggml_tensor  * v = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
-                ggml_tensor  * r = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
-                ggml_tensor  * tf = w;
-                ggml_tensor  * td = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, H, n_tokens);
-                ggml_tensor  * state = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, S, n_seqs, S, H);
-                op_tensor = ggml_rwkv_wkv6(ctx, k, v, r, tf, td, state);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-            {
-                const int n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
-                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, w->ne[1], 1, 1);
-                op_tensor = ggml_im2col(ctx, w, b, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, false, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-            } break;
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("%s: missing test for op %s for tensor %s", __func__, ggml_op_name(op), w->name);
-    }
-
-    // create a temporary dummy buffer for the weight so that supports_op can check the buffer type
-    GGML_ASSERT(w->buffer == nullptr);
-    w->buffer = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, 0);
-    bool op_supported = ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(dev, op_tensor);
-    ggml_backend_buffer_free(w->buffer);
-    w->buffer = nullptr;
-
-    return op_supported;
-}
-
-// lists of buffer types used for each layer
-using buft_list_t = std::vector<std::pair<ggml_backend_dev_t, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t>>;
-
-// find the first buffer type in the list that can use the tensor
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t select_weight_buft(const llama_hparams & hparams, ggml_tensor * tensor, ggml_op op, const buft_list_t & buft_list) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(!buft_list.empty());
-    for (const auto & cur : buft_list) {
-        ggml_backend_dev_t cur_dev = cur.first;
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t cur_buft = cur.second;
-        if (weight_buft_supported(hparams, tensor, op, cur_buft, cur_dev)) {
-            return cur_buft;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
 // CPU: ACCEL -> GPU host -> CPU extra -> CPU
-static buft_list_t make_cpu_buft_list(const std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> & devices) {
+static buft_list_t make_cpu_buft_list(const std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> & devices, bool use_extra_bufts, bool no_host) {
     buft_list_t buft_list;
 
     // add ACCEL buffer types
@@ -297,29 +202,32 @@ static buft_list_t make_cpu_buft_list(const std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> & de
     // generally, this will be done using the first device in the list
     // a better approach would be to handle this on a weight-by-weight basis using the offload_op
     // function of the device to determine if it would benefit from being stored in a host buffer
-    for (auto * dev : devices) {
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(dev);
-        if (buft) {
-            buft_list.emplace_back(dev, buft);
-            break;
+    if (!no_host) {
+        for (auto * dev : devices) {
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(dev);
+            if (buft) {
+                buft_list.emplace_back(dev, buft);
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    // add extra buffer types, only if no GPU device is present
-    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/12481#issuecomment-2743136094
-    auto * cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
-    if (cpu_dev == nullptr) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
-    }
+    // add extra buffer types
+    if (use_extra_bufts) {
+        auto * cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
+        if (cpu_dev == nullptr) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
+        }
 
-    auto * cpu_reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(cpu_dev);
-    auto ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn = (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_t)
-        ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(cpu_reg, "ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts");
-    if (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn) {
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * extra_bufts = ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn(cpu_dev);
-        while (extra_bufts && *extra_bufts) {
-            buft_list.emplace_back(cpu_dev, *extra_bufts);
-            ++extra_bufts;
+        auto * cpu_reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(cpu_dev);
+        auto ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn = (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_t)
+            ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(cpu_reg, "ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts");
+        if (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn) {
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * extra_bufts = ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn(cpu_dev);
+            while (extra_bufts && *extra_bufts) {
+                buft_list.emplace_back(cpu_dev, *extra_bufts);
+                ++extra_bufts;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -363,12 +271,25 @@ static buft_list_t make_gpu_buft_list(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, llama_split_mode s
     // add the device default buffer type
     buft_list.emplace_back(dev, ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev));
 
+    // add the device extra buffer type (if any)
+    ggml_backend_reg_t reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(dev);
+    auto ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn = (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_t)
+        ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts");
+
+    if (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * extra_bufts = ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn(dev);
+        while (extra_bufts && *extra_bufts) {
+            buft_list.emplace_back(dev, *extra_bufts);
+            ++extra_bufts;
+        }
+    }
+
     return buft_list;
 }
 
 struct llama_model::impl {
-    impl() {}
-    ~impl() {}
+    impl() = default;
+    ~impl() = default;
 
     uint64_t n_elements = 0;
 
@@ -383,11 +304,8 @@ struct llama_model::impl {
     llama_mlocks mlock_bufs;
     llama_mlocks mlock_mmaps;
 
-    // contexts where the model tensors metadata is stored
-    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr> ctxs;
-
-    // the model memory buffers for the tensor data
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;
+    // contexts where the model tensors metadata is stored as well as the corresponding buffers:
+    std::vector<std::pair<ggml_context_ptr, std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr>>> ctxs_bufs;
 
     buft_list_t cpu_buft_list;
     std::map<ggml_backend_dev_t, buft_list_t> gpu_buft_list;
@@ -408,7 +326,11 @@ llama_model::llama_model(const llama_model_params & params) : params(params), pi
     pimpl->has_tensor_overrides = params.tensor_buft_overrides && params.tensor_buft_overrides[0].pattern;
 }
 
-llama_model::~llama_model() {}
+llama_model::~llama_model() {
+    for (auto * lora : loras) {
+        delete lora;
+    }
+}
 
 void llama_model::load_stats(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     pimpl->n_elements = ml.n_elements;
@@ -423,7 +345,7 @@ void llama_model::load_arch(llama_model_loader & ml) {
 }
 
 void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
-    const gguf_context * ctx = ml.meta.get();
+    const gguf_context * ctx = ml.metadata;
 
     // get metadata as string
     for (int i = 0; i < gguf_get_n_kv(ctx); i++) {
@@ -440,18 +362,23 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     ml.get_key(LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME, name, false);
 
     // everything past this point is not vocab-related
-    if (hparams.vocab_only) {
+    // for CLIP models, we only need to load tensors, no hparams
+    if (hparams.vocab_only || ml.get_arch() == LLM_ARCH_CLIP) {
         return;
     }
 
-    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_CONTEXT_LENGTH,    hparams.n_ctx_train);
-    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH,  hparams.n_embd);
-    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_BLOCK_COUNT,       hparams.n_layer);
-    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_COUNT,      hparams.n_expert,      false);
-    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_USED_COUNT, hparams.n_expert_used, false);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_CONTEXT_LENGTH,          hparams.n_ctx_train);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH,        hparams.n_embd);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH_OUT,    hparams.n_embd_out_impl, false);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_BLOCK_COUNT,             hparams.n_layer);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_COUNT,            hparams.n_expert,        false);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_USED_COUNT,       hparams.n_expert_used,   false);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_COUNT,      hparams.n_expert_groups, false);
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_USED_COUNT, hparams.n_group_used,    false);
 
     if (arch == LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC) {
-        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_FEATURES_LENGTH, hparams.n_embd_features);
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_FEATURES_LENGTH,  hparams.n_embd);
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_LENGTH, hparams.n_embd_out_impl);
 
         ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POSNET_EMBEDDING_LENGTH, hparams.posnet.n_embd);
         ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POSNET_BLOCK_COUNT,      hparams.posnet.n_layer);
@@ -464,8 +391,15 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert_used <= hparams.n_expert);
     if (hparams.n_expert > 0) {
         GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert_used > 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert_groups < hparams.n_expert);
+        if (hparams.n_expert_groups > 1) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert % hparams.n_expert_groups == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_group_used > 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_group_used < hparams.n_expert_groups);
+        }
     } else {
         GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert_used == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert_groups == 0);
     }
 
     std::fill(hparams.n_head_arr.begin(),    hparams.n_head_arr.end(),    0);
@@ -477,9 +411,15 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         llm_arch_is_recurrent(ml.get_arch()));
 
     std::fill(hparams.rope_sections.begin(), hparams.rope_sections.end(), 0);
-
     std::fill(hparams.swa_layers.begin(), hparams.swa_layers.end(), 0);
 
+    std::fill(hparams.xielu_alpha_n.begin(), hparams.xielu_alpha_n.end(), 0.0f);
+    std::fill(hparams.xielu_alpha_p.begin(), hparams.xielu_alpha_p.end(), 0.0f);
+    std::fill(hparams.xielu_beta.begin(), hparams.xielu_beta.end(), 0.0f);
+    std::fill(hparams.xielu_eps.begin(), hparams.xielu_eps.end(), 0.0f);
+    std::fill(hparams.swiglu_clamp_exp.begin(),   hparams.swiglu_clamp_exp.end(),   0.0f);
+    std::fill(hparams.swiglu_clamp_shexp.begin(), hparams.swiglu_clamp_shexp.end(), 0.0f);
+
     ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_arr,   hparams.n_layer, false);
     ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT, hparams.n_head_arr, hparams.n_layer, false);
 
@@ -504,6 +444,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     hparams.rope_scaling_type_train = llama_rope_scaling_type_from_string(rope_scaling);
     GGML_ASSERT(hparams.rope_scaling_type_train != LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED);
 
+    // TODO: Handle SWA metadata similarly when models start implementing it
     // rope_freq_scale (inverse of the kv) is optional
     float ropescale = 0.0f;
     if (!ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FACTOR, ropescale, false)) {
@@ -512,10 +453,6 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     }
     hparams.rope_freq_scale_train = ropescale == 0.0f ? 1.0f : 1.0f/ropescale;
 
-    // by default assume that the sliding-window layers use the same scaling type as the non-sliding-window layers
-    hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
-    hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
-
     ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_ATTN_FACTOR, hparams.rope_attn_factor, false);
 
     // non-transformer models do not have attention heads
@@ -523,26 +460,37 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         // gpt-neox n_rot = rotary_pct * (n_embd / n_head)
         // gpt-j n_rot = rotary_dim
 
-        hparams.n_embd_head_k = hparams.n_embd / hparams.n_head();
-        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH, hparams.n_embd_head_k, false);
+        hparams.n_embd_head_k_full = hparams.n_embd / hparams.n_head();
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH, hparams.n_embd_head_k_full, false);
 
-        hparams.n_embd_head_v = hparams.n_embd / hparams.n_head();
-        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH, hparams.n_embd_head_v, false);
+        hparams.n_embd_head_v_full = hparams.n_embd / hparams.n_head();
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH, hparams.n_embd_head_v_full, false);
 
         // sanity check for n_rot (optional)
-        hparams.n_rot = hparams.n_embd_head_k;
+        hparams.n_rot_full = hparams.n_embd_head_k_full;
 
-        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT, hparams.n_rot, false);
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT, hparams.n_rot_full, false);
 
-        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_LLAMA || arch == LLM_ARCH_DECI || arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON) {
-            if (hparams.n_rot != hparams.n_embd_head_k) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid n_rot: %u, expected %u", hparams.n_rot, hparams.n_embd_head_k));
+        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_LLAMA || arch == LLM_ARCH_DECI || arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON || arch == LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED) {
+            if (hparams.n_rot_full != hparams.n_embd_head_k_full) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid n_rot: %u, expected %u", hparams.n_rot_full, hparams.n_embd_head_k_full));
             }
         }
     } else {
-        hparams.n_rot = 0;
-        hparams.n_embd_head_k = 0;
-        hparams.n_embd_head_v = 0;
+        hparams.n_rot_full = 0;
+        hparams.n_embd_head_k_full = 0;
+        hparams.n_embd_head_v_full = 0;
+    }
+
+    // head size and n_rot for SWA layers
+    {
+        hparams.n_embd_head_k_swa = hparams.n_embd_head_k_full;
+        hparams.n_embd_head_v_swa = hparams.n_embd_head_v_full;
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_SWA, hparams.n_embd_head_k_swa, false);
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_SWA, hparams.n_embd_head_v_swa, false);
+
+        hparams.n_rot_swa = hparams.n_rot_full;
+        ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT_SWA, hparams.n_rot_swa, false);
     }
 
     // for differentiating model types
@@ -558,6 +506,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     // arch-specific KVs
     switch (arch) {
         case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
 
@@ -573,6 +522,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         case 22: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break;
                         case 26: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
                         case 28: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break; // Llama 3.2 3B
+                        case 30: type = LLM_TYPE_256M; break; // smoldocling 256M
                         // granite uses a vocab with len 49152
                         case 32: type = n_vocab == 49152 ? LLM_TYPE_3B : (n_vocab < 40000 ? LLM_TYPE_7B : LLM_TYPE_8B); break;
                         case 36: type = LLM_TYPE_8B; break; // granite
@@ -590,19 +540,41 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,   hparams.n_moe_layer_step);
 
-                hparams.swa_type      = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED;
-                hparams.n_swa         = 8192; // should this be a gguf kv? currently it's the same for Scout and Maverick
-                hparams.set_swa_pattern(4);   // pattern: 3 chunked - 1 full
+                const bool found_swa = ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa, false);
+                if (found_swa && hparams.n_swa == 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type             = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+                    hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step = hparams.n_layer; // always use rope
+                } else {
+                    hparams.swa_type                = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_CHUNKED;
+                    hparams.n_swa                   = 8192;
+                    hparams.n_attn_temp_floor_scale = 8192;
+                    hparams.f_attn_temp_scale       = 0.1f;
+                    hparams.f_attn_temp_offset      = 1.0f;
+                    uint32_t swa_period             = 4; // pattern: 3 chunked - 1 full
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+
+                    hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                    hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                }
 
                 switch (hparams.n_expert) {
+                    case 0: {
+                        // MobileLLM (no MoE)
+                        switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                            case 2048: type = LLM_TYPE_140M; break;
+                            case 4096: type = LLM_TYPE_360M; break;
+                            case 6144: type = LLM_TYPE_950M; break;
+                            default:   type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                        }
+                    } break;
                     case 16:  type = LLM_TYPE_17B_16E; break;
                     case 128: type = LLM_TYPE_17B_128E; break;
                     default:  type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
 
-                if (type == LLM_TYPE_17B_128E) {
-                    hparams.use_kq_norm = false;
-                }
+                hparams.use_kq_norm = type != LLM_TYPE_17B_128E;
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_ARCEE:
             {
@@ -614,6 +586,43 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_AFMOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,         hparams.n_expert_shared);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,          hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,         hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,    hparams.n_swa, false);
+
+                // Set up interleaved sliding window attention (ISWA)
+                // Pattern: 3 sliding - 1 full (global_attn_every_n_layers = 4)
+                if (hparams.n_swa > 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                    uint32_t swa_period = 4;
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+
+                    hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                    hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                } else {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+                }
+
+                // Default to sigmoid if not set
+                if (hparams.expert_gating_func == LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE) {
+                    hparams.expert_gating_func = LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID;
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 56: type = LLM_TYPE_6B; break;
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_26B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DECI:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
@@ -626,10 +635,20 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM:
             {
+                // Backward-compatible defaults for older MiniCPM GGUFs
+                hparams.f_embedding_scale = 12.0f;
+                hparams.f_residual_scale  = 1.4f / sqrtf(float(hparams.n_layer));
+                hparams.f_logit_scale     = hparams.n_embd ? (256.0f / float(hparams.n_embd)) : 1.0f;
+
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,             hparams.f_embedding_scale);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,              hparams.f_residual_scale);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,                 hparams.f_logit_scale);
+
+                // Optional KV reads, override defaults if present in newer GGUF exports
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE, hparams.f_embedding_scale, /*required=*/false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE, hparams.f_residual_scale, /*required=*/false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE, hparams.f_logit_scale, /*required=*/false);
+
+                // MiniCPM uses rope by default, unlike Granite which uses it as a switch
+                hparams.rope_finetuned = true;
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 52: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break;
@@ -650,7 +669,30 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GROK:
             {
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                // defaults for old GGUFs
+                hparams.yarn_beta_fast = 8.0f;
+                hparams.f_logit_scale = 0.5773502691896257f;
+                hparams.f_embedding_scale = 78.38367176906169f;
+                hparams.f_attn_out_scale = 0.08838834764831845f;
+                hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping = 30.0f;
+                hparams.f_router_logit_softcapping = 30.0f;
+                // no final_logit_softcapping in grok-1
+                hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping = 0.0f;
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,  hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,   hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,                  hparams.f_logit_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,              hparams.f_embedding_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_OUTPUT_SCALE,       hparams.f_attn_out_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTN_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,       hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROUTER_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,     hparams.f_router_logit_softcapping, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_FINAL_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,      hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping, false);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_LENGTH,  hparams.attn_temp_length, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_EXT_FACTOR,  hparams.yarn_ext_factor, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_ATTN_FACTOR, hparams.yarn_attn_factor, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_FAST,   hparams.yarn_beta_fast, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_SLOW,   hparams.yarn_beta_slow, false);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 64: type = LLM_TYPE_314B; break;
@@ -706,7 +748,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         case LLM_ARCH_BERT:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,               hparams.pooling_type, false);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
@@ -725,10 +767,37 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT:
+            {
+                const bool found_swa = ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa, false);
+                if (found_swa && hparams.n_swa > 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_SYMMETRIC;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                    uint32_t swa_period = 3;
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period, true);
+                } else {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+                }
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,        hparams.causal_attn, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,            hparams.pooling_type, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 12:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_47M; break; // granite-embedding-small
+                    case 22:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_149M; break; // modern-bert-base
+                    case 28:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_395M; break; // modern-bert-large
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,               hparams.pooling_type, false);
                 hparams.f_max_alibi_bias = 8.0f;
 
@@ -738,12 +807,24 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,               hparams.pooling_type, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 24:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_558M; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,               hparams.pooling_type);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,               hparams.pooling_type, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_MOE_EVERY_N_LAYERS,         hparams.moe_every_n_layers, 0);
 
                 if (hparams.n_layer == 12 && hparams.n_embd == 768) {
@@ -757,13 +838,23 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         case LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,            hparams.causal_attn);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,                hparams.pooling_type);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,            hparams.causal_attn, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,                hparams.pooling_type, false);
 
                 if (hparams.n_layer == 28) {
                     type = LLM_TYPE_250M;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,            hparams.causal_attn, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,                hparams.pooling_type, false);
+
+                if (hparams.n_layer == 12) {
+                    type = LLM_TYPE_SMALL;  // 0.2B
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BLOOM:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
@@ -786,7 +877,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,  hparams.f_norm_eps);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CLAMP_KQV,      hparams.f_clamp_kqv, false);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_MAX_ALIBI_BIAS, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_MAX_ALIBI_BIAS, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias, false);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
@@ -836,6 +927,60 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_DREAM:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                // Dream models are primarily 7B with 28 layers
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 28:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_7B;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+                // Set non-causal attention for diffusion models
+                hparams.causal_attn = false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                // LLaDA-8B has 32 layers, similar to LLaMA but for diffusion
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_8B;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+                // Set non-causal attention for diffusion models
+                hparams.causal_attn = false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                // diffusion language model uses non-causal attention
+                hparams.causal_attn = false;
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 16: type = LLM_TYPE_A1_7B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_RND1:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+                // Set non-causal attention for diffusion models
+                hparams.causal_attn = false;
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
@@ -850,6 +995,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3:
             {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE, hparams.pooling_type, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 28: type = hparams.n_embd == 1024 ? LLM_TYPE_0_6B : LLM_TYPE_1_7B; break;
@@ -859,10 +1005,42 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAINCODER:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NUM_DEEPSTACK_LAYERS, hparams.n_deepstack_layers, false);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS, hparams.rope_sections, 4, true);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 28: type = LLM_TYPE_1_7B; break;
+                    case 36: type = hparams.n_embd == 2560 ? LLM_TYPE_4B : LLM_TYPE_8B; break;
+                    case 64: type = LLM_TYPE_32B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
 
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B; break;
+                    case 94: type = LLM_TYPE_235B_A22B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NUM_DEEPSTACK_LAYERS, hparams.n_deepstack_layers, false);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS, hparams.rope_sections, 4, true);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B; break;
@@ -922,6 +1100,52 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                // Load Mamba SSM parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
+
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                    hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = hparams.n_head_kv(i) == 0;
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 16: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break;
+                    case 32:
+                        if (hparams.n_embd == 2048) {
+                            type = LLM_TYPE_2B;
+                        } else if (hparams.n_embd == 4096) {
+                            type = LLM_TYPE_8B;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO3:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                const bool found_swa = ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa, false);
+                if (found_swa && hparams.n_swa > 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                    uint32_t swa_period = 8;
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+                } else {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 24: type = LLM_TYPE_2B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GPT2:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
@@ -973,9 +1197,14 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             {
                 hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
                 hparams.n_swa = 4096; // default value of gemma 2
-                hparams.set_swa_pattern(2);
+                uint32_t swa_period = 2;
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
                 hparams.attn_soft_cap = true;
+                hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
 
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,          hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,    hparams.n_swa, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTN_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING,      hparams.f_attn_logit_softcapping, false);
@@ -991,21 +1220,30 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 // ref: https://github.com/google/gemma_pytorch/blob/014acb7ac4563a5f77c76d7ff98f31b568c16508/gemma/config.py#L173
                 hparams.f_attention_scale = type == LLM_TYPE_27B
                     ? 1.0f / std::sqrt(float(hparams.n_embd / hparams.n_head(0)))
-                    : 1.0f / std::sqrt(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k));
+                    : 1.0f / std::sqrt(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k()));
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3:
             {
-                hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
-                hparams.set_swa_pattern(6);
+                const bool found_swa = ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa, false);
+                if (found_swa && hparams.n_swa > 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                    uint32_t swa_period = 6;
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
 
-                hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = 10000.0f;
-                hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = 1.0f;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                } else {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+                }
 
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,    hparams.n_swa);
+                hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping = 0.0f;
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_FINAL_LOGIT_SOFTCAPPING, hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 18: type = LLM_TYPE_270M; break;
                     case 26: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break;
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_8B; break; // Rnj-1
                     case 34: type = LLM_TYPE_4B; break;
                     case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_12B; break;
                     case 62: type = LLM_TYPE_27B; break;
@@ -1015,15 +1253,65 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 // ref: https://github.com/google/gemma_pytorch/blob/014acb7ac4563a5f77c76d7ff98f31b568c16508/gemma/config.py#L289
                 hparams.f_attention_scale = type == LLM_TYPE_27B
                     ? 1.0f / std::sqrt(float(hparams.n_embd / hparams.n_head(0)))
-                    : 1.0f / std::sqrt(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k));
+                    : 1.0f / std::sqrt(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k()));
             } break;
-        case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N:
             {
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
-                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
-                    case 30: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
-                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
-                    case 40: type = LLM_TYPE_15B; break;
+                uint32_t swa_period = 5;
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+
+                hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start     = 20;
+                hparams.f_attention_scale         = 1.0f;
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,          hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,    hparams.n_swa);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 30: type = LLM_TYPE_E2B; break;
+                    case 35: type = LLM_TYPE_E4B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING:
+            {
+                hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_SYMMETRIC;
+                uint32_t swa_period = 6;
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+
+                hparams.causal_attn = false; // embeddings do not use causal attention
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE, hparams.pooling_type, false);
+
+                //applied only if model converted with --sentence-transformers-dense-modules
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_DENSE_2_FEAT_IN, hparams.dense_2_feat_in, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_DENSE_2_FEAT_OUT, hparams.dense_2_feat_out, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_DENSE_3_FEAT_IN, hparams.dense_3_feat_in, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_DENSE_3_FEAT_OUT, hparams.dense_3_feat_out, false);
+
+                GGML_ASSERT((hparams.dense_2_feat_in == 0 || hparams.dense_2_feat_in == hparams.n_embd) && "dense_2_feat_in must be equal to n_embd");
+                GGML_ASSERT((hparams.dense_3_feat_out == 0 || hparams.dense_3_feat_out == hparams.n_embd) && "dense_3_feat_out must be equal to n_embd");
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 24: type = LLM_TYPE_0_3B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+                hparams.f_attention_scale = 1.0f / std::sqrt(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k()));
+
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 30: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
+                    case 40: type = LLM_TYPE_15B; break;
                     case 52: type = LLM_TYPE_20B; break; // granite
                     case 88: type = LLM_TYPE_34B; break; // granite
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
@@ -1060,6 +1348,58 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 24:
+                        switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                            case 768: type = LLM_TYPE_SMALL; break;
+                            default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                        } break;
+                    case 48:
+                        switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                            case 1024: type = LLM_TYPE_MEDIUM; break;
+                            case 1536: type = LLM_TYPE_LARGE; break;
+                            case 2048: type = LLM_TYPE_XL; break;
+                            default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                        } break;
+                    case 64:
+                        switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                            case 2560: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
+                            case 4096: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
+                            default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                        } break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAMBA:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                    hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = hparams.n_head_kv(i) == 0;
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    // TODO: Jamba layers are a bit heterogeneous, so naming this is hard.
+                    case 12: // 900M  8x???M
+                    case 32: // 51B  16x?B
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_XVERSE:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
@@ -1072,7 +1412,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_COMMAND_R:
             {
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,             hparams.f_logit_scale);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,             hparams.f_logit_scale, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 40: type = LLM_TYPE_35B; break;
@@ -1082,8 +1422,13 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         case LLM_ARCH_COHERE2:
             {
                 hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
-                hparams.set_swa_pattern(4);
+                uint32_t swa_period = 4;
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+                hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
 
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,       hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,              hparams.f_logit_scale);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,  hparams.f_norm_eps);
@@ -1118,6 +1463,20 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
 
+                const bool found_swa = ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa, false);
+                if (found_swa && hparams.n_swa > 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                    uint32_t swa_period = 4;
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+
+                    hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                    hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = 1.0; // See olmo2.cpp
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                } else {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+                }
+
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 16: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break;
                     case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
@@ -1126,6 +1485,14 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_SEED_OSS:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 64: type = LLM_TYPE_36B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_OLMOE:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
@@ -1208,41 +1575,61 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,         hparams.n_expert_shared);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
 
-                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
-                    case 28: type = LLM_TYPE_20B; break;
+                switch (hparams.n_ff_exp) {
+                    case 1408: type = LLM_TYPE_16B; break;
+                    case 1792: type = LLM_TYPE_20B; break;
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2:
             {
-                bool is_lite = (hparams.n_layer == 27);
+                // lite variants include DeepSeek-V2-Lite, GigaChat3-10B-A1.8B, Kanana-2-30B-A3B
+                const bool is_lite = (hparams.n_layer == 27 || hparams.n_layer == 26 || (hparams.n_layer == 48 && n_vocab == 128256));
+
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
                 if (!is_lite) {
                     ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_Q_LORA_RANK, hparams.n_lora_q);
                 }
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KV_LORA_RANK,     hparams.n_lora_kv);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,   hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla, false);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA, hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,   hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla_impl, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA, hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla_impl, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_exp);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,        hparams.n_expert_shared);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,       hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,       hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,        hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,         hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
                 if (hparams.expert_gating_func == LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE) {
                     // for compatibility with existing DeepSeek V2 and V2.5 GGUFs
                     // that have no expert_gating_func model parameter set
-                    hparams.expert_gating_func = LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX;
+                    if ((hparams.n_layer == 47 || hparams.n_layer == 48) && n_vocab == 154880) {
+                        // GLM 4.7 Lite
+                        hparams.expert_gating_func = LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID;
+                    } else {
+                        hparams.expert_gating_func = LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_LOG_MUL, hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul, 0.0f)) {
+                    // [TAG_DEEPSEEK2_YARN_LOG_MUL_FIX]
+                    // cancel the factor from the convert script
+                    hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul /= 0.1f;
                 }
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_LOG_MUL, hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul);
+
+                // (optional) temperature tuning - used by mistral-large
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_SCALE,  hparams.f_attn_temp_scale,       false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_LENGTH, hparams.n_attn_temp_floor_scale, false);
+
+                hparams.f_attn_temp_offset = 0.0f;
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 27: type = LLM_TYPE_16B; break;
+                    case 47: type = LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B; break;
                     case 60: type = LLM_TYPE_236B; break;
                     case 61: type = LLM_TYPE_671B; break;
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
@@ -1280,13 +1667,99 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GLM4:
             {
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS, hparams.rope_sections, 4, false);
+
+                // NextN/MTP parameters (GLM-OCR)
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS, hparams.nextn_predict_layers, false);
+
+                // TODO: when MTP is implemented, this should probably be updated if needed
+                hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start = hparams.n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 17: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break; // GLM-OCR
                     case 40: type = LLM_TYPE_9B; break;
                     case 61: type = LLM_TYPE_32B; break;
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,     hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS, hparams.rope_sections, 4, false);
+
+                // MoE parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_COUNT,                hparams.n_expert);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_USED_COUNT,           hparams.n_expert_used);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,         hparams.n_expert_shared);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,         hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
+
+                // Expert gating function (GLM-4.5 uses sigmoid)
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,          hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
+                if (hparams.expert_gating_func == LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE) {
+                    hparams.expert_gating_func =  LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID;
+                }
+
+                // NextN/MTP parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS,        hparams.nextn_predict_layers, false);
+
+                // TODO: when MTP is implemented, this should probably be updated if needed
+                hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start = hparams.n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 47: type = LLM_TYPE_106B_A12B; break; // GLM-4.5-Air (46 layers + 1 NextN layer)
+                    case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_102B_A12B; break; // Solar Open
+                    case 93: type = LLM_TYPE_355B_A32B; break; // GLM-4.5 (92 layers + 1 NextN layer)
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,     hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS, hparams.rope_sections, 4, false);
+
+                // MoE parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_COUNT,                hparams.n_expert);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_USED_COUNT,           hparams.n_expert_used);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,         hparams.n_expert_shared);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,         hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
+
+                // deepseek MLA parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_Q_LORA_RANK,      hparams.n_lora_q);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KV_LORA_RANK,     hparams.n_lora_kv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,   hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla_impl, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA, hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla_impl, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,        hparams.n_expert_shared);
+
+                // DSA parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_HEAD_COUNT, hparams.indexer_n_head);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_KEY_LENGTH, hparams.indexer_head_size);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_INDEXER_TOP_K,      hparams.indexer_top_k);
+
+                // Expert gating function (GLM-4.5 uses sigmoid)
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,          hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
+                if (hparams.expert_gating_func == LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE) {
+                    hparams.expert_gating_func =  LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID;
+                }
+
+                // NextN/MTP parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS,        hparams.nextn_predict_layers, false);
+
+                // TODO: when MTP is implemented, this should probably be updated if needed
+                hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start = hparams.n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 79: type = LLM_TYPE_744B_A40B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BITNET:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
@@ -1306,6 +1779,9 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     hparams.dec_start_token_id = dec_start_token_id;
                 }
 
+                hparams.dec_n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_DECODER_BLOCK_COUNT, hparams.dec_n_layer, false);
+
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 6:  type = LLM_TYPE_60M;  break; // t5-small
                     case 8:  type = LLM_TYPE_80M;  break; // flan-t5-small
@@ -1337,7 +1813,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         case LLM_ARCH_JAIS:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_MAX_ALIBI_BIAS, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_MAX_ALIBI_BIAS, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias, false);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 24: type = LLM_TYPE_1_3B; break;
@@ -1346,6 +1822,16 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAIS2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_8B; break;
+                    case 68: type = LLM_TYPE_70B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
@@ -1354,6 +1840,37 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H:
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
+
+                // A layer is recurrent IFF the n_head_kv value is set to 0 and
+                // the n_ff value is set to 0
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                    hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = (hparams.n_head_kv(i) == 0 && hparams.n_ff(i) == 0);
+                }
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp,        false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp,      false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,               hparams.n_expert_shared, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,               hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,              hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_MOE_LATENT_SIZE,                   hparams.moe_latent_size, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 52: type = LLM_TYPE_31B_A3_5B; break; // Nemotron-H_MOE 31B
+                    case 56: type = LLM_TYPE_9B; break;
+                    case 88: type = LLM_TYPE_120B_A12B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
@@ -1363,6 +1880,59 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE4:
+            {
+                if (hparams.n_layer == 64) {    // 32B
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                    hparams.n_swa = 4096;
+                    uint32_t swa_period = 4;
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+
+                    hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                    hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                }
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,    hparams.n_swa, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 30: type = LLM_TYPE_1_2B; break;
+                    case 64: type = LLM_TYPE_32B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE_MOE:
+            {
+                hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                hparams.n_swa = 128;
+                uint32_t swa_period = 4;
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+                hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,                hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,          hparams.n_swa);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,               hparams.n_expert_shared, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,                hparams.expert_gating_func);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,              hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,               hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,         hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS,              hparams.nextn_predict_layers, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B; break;
+                    case 48:
+                    case 49: type = LLM_TYPE_235B_A22B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6:
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2:
             {
@@ -1400,7 +1970,11 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_TOKEN_SHIFT_COUNT,                      hparams.token_shift_count, false);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
-                    case 12: type = LLM_TYPE_190M; break;
+                    case 12:
+                        switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                            case 768: type = LLM_TYPE_190M; break;
+                            default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                        } break;
                     case 24:
                         switch (hparams.n_embd) {
                             case 1024: type = LLM_TYPE_450M; break;
@@ -1413,7 +1987,17 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                             case 3584: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
                             default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                         } break;
-                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_2_9B; break; // RWKV-7-World
+                    case 32:
+                        switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                            case 2560: type = LLM_TYPE_2_9B; break;
+                            case 4096: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
+                            default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                        } break;
+                    case 61:
+                        switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                            case 4096: type = LLM_TYPE_14B; break;
+                            default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                        } break;
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
@@ -1422,9 +2006,14 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,                 hparams.f_logit_scale);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,              hparams.f_residual_scale);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,             hparams.f_embedding_scale);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,             hparams.f_attention_scale);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,              hparams.f_residual_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,             hparams.f_embedding_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,             hparams.f_attention_scale, false);
+
+                // Granite uses rope_finetuned as a switch for rope, so default to true
+                bool rope_finetuned = true;
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FINETUNED, rope_finetuned, false);
+                hparams.rope_finetuned = rope_finetuned;
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
@@ -1433,6 +2022,43 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
 
+                // For Granite MoE Shared
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, /* required */ false);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,                 hparams.f_logit_scale, /* required */ false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,              hparams.f_residual_scale, /* required */ false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,             hparams.f_embedding_scale, /* required */ false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,             hparams.f_attention_scale, /* required */ false);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
+
+                // Granite uses rope_finetuned as a switch for rope, so default to true
+                bool rope_finetuned = true;
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_FINETUNED, rope_finetuned, false);
+                hparams.rope_finetuned = rope_finetuned;
+
+                // A layer is recurrent IFF the n_head_kv value is set to 0
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                    hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = hparams.n_head_kv(i) == 0;
+                }
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                    case 768: type = LLM_TYPE_350M; break;
+                    case 1536: type = (hparams.n_embd == 2048 ? LLM_TYPE_7B_A1B : LLM_TYPE_1B); break;
+                    case 2048: case 2560: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
+                    case 4096: type = LLM_TYPE_32B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+
                 // For Granite MoE Shared
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, /* required */ false);
             } break;
@@ -1440,7 +2066,7 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
                 hparams.f_norm_eps = 1e-5;  // eps for qk-norm, torch default
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SWIN_NORM, hparams.swin_norm);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SWIN_NORM, hparams.swin_norm, false);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
                     case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
@@ -1453,15 +2079,15 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_eps);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GROUPNORM_EPS,    hparams.f_norm_group_eps);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GROUPNORM_GROUPS, hparams.n_norm_groups);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,           hparams.causal_attn, false);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,         hparams.n_expert_shared);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,         hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
@@ -1470,13 +2096,36 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,         hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,               hparams.n_expert_shared);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,              hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,               hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,                hparams.expert_gating_func);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS,              hparams.nextn_predict_layers, false);
+
+                // TODO: when MTP is implemented, this should probably be updated if needed
+                hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start = hparams.n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 20: type = LLM_TYPE_16B_A1B; break;
+                    case 21: type = LLM_TYPE_16B_A1B; break;
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_100B_A6B; break;
+                    case 33: type = LLM_TYPE_100B_A6B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DOTS1:
             {
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,         hparams.n_expert_shared);
-                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,        hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,         hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,          hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
@@ -1484,40 +2133,461 @@ void llama_model::load_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
-        default: throw std::runtime_error("unsupported model architecture");
-    }
-
-    pimpl->n_bytes = ml.n_bytes;
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5:
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PADDLEOCR:
+            {
+                // paddleocr need mrope_section
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS, hparams.rope_sections, 4, false);
 
-    pimpl->desc_str = arch_name() + " " + type_name() + " " + ml.ftype_name();
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                if (arch == LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE) {
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, false);
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,         hparams.n_moe_layer_step);
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,         hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+                }
 
-    if (hparams.f_max_alibi_bias > 0.0f) {
-        hparams.use_alibi = true;
-    }
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 18: type = LLM_TYPE_0_3B; break;
+                    case 28: type = LLM_TYPE_21B_A3B; break;
+                    case 54: type = LLM_TYPE_300B_A47B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1:
+            {
+                // Common parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
 
-    hparams.rope_type = llama_model_rope_type(this);
-}
+                // SSM parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
 
-void llama_model::load_vocab(llama_model_loader & ml) {
-    const auto kv = LLM_KV(arch);
+                std::fill(hparams.recurrent_layer_arr.begin(), hparams.recurrent_layer_arr.end(), true);
 
-    vocab.load(ml, kv);
-}
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 36:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_0_5B; break;
+                    case 24:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_1_5B; break;
+                    case 66:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break;
+                    case 32:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
+                    case 44:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
+                    case 72:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_34B; break;
+                    default:
+                        type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_MOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_A13B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_DENSE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_embd) {
+                    case 1024: type = LLM_TYPE_0_5B; break;
+                    case 2048: type = LLM_TYPE_1_8B; break;
+                    case 3072: type = LLM_TYPE_4B; break;
+                    case 4096: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMOLLM3:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step = 4;
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 36: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,    hparams.n_swa);
+
+                hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                uint32_t swa_period = 2;
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period);
+
+                hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 24: type = LLM_TYPE_20B; break;
+                    case 36: type = LLM_TYPE_120B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SHORTCONV_L_CACHE,           hparams.n_shortconv_l_cache);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
+                    hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[il] = hparams.n_head_kv(il) == 0;
+                }
+                hparams.n_layer_dense_lead = hparams.n_layer;
+                switch (hparams.n_ff()) {
+                    case  4608: type = LLM_TYPE_350M; break;
+                    case  6912: type = LLM_TYPE_700M; break;
+                    case  8192: type = LLM_TYPE_1_2B; break;
+                    case 10752: type = LLM_TYPE_2_6B; break;
+                    default:    type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+                if (const auto is_swa = ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa, false); is_swa && hparams.n_swa > 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
+                        hparams.swa_layers[il] = !hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[il];
+                    }
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SHORTCONV_L_CACHE,           hparams.n_shortconv_l_cache);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,   hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,          hparams.expert_gating_func);
+
+                for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
+                    hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[il] = hparams.n_head_kv(il) == 0;
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 24: type = LLM_TYPE_8B_A1B;  break;
+                    case 40: type = LLM_TYPE_24B_A2B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER:
+            {
+                const bool found_swa = ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW, hparams.n_swa, false);
+
+                if (found_swa && hparams.n_swa > 0) {
+                    hparams.swa_type    = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+                    hparams.n_swa       = 4096;
+                    uint32_t swa_period = 4;
+                    ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, swa_period, false);
+                    hparams.set_swa_pattern(swa_period, true);
+
+                    hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa  = hparams.rope_freq_base_train;
+                    hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa = hparams.rope_freq_scale_train;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                } else {
+                    hparams.swa_type             = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+                    hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step = hparams.n_layer;
+                }
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,          hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_4B;  break;
+                    case 52: type = LLM_TYPE_20B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_CHUNK_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,  hparams.n_ff_chexp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GROUP_SCALE,                hparams.expert_group_scale);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERTS_PER_GROUP,                 hparams.n_group_experts);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_APERTUS:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_XIELU_ALPHA_N,        hparams.xielu_alpha_n, hparams.n_layer);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_XIELU_ALPHA_P,        hparams.xielu_alpha_p, hparams.n_layer);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_XIELU_BETA,           hparams.xielu_beta,    hparams.n_layer);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_XIELU_EPS,            hparams.xielu_eps,     hparams.n_layer);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_8B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MINIMAX_M2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,  hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,   hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,           hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 62: type = LLM_TYPE_230B_A10B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_COGVLM:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: type = LLM_TYPE_13B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PANGU_EMBED:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 26: type = LLM_TYPE_1B; break; // openPangu-Embedded-1B-V1.1
+                    case 34: type = LLM_TYPE_7B; break; // openPangu-Embedded-7B-V1.1
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                // Load linear attention (gated delta net) parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
+
+                // Mark recurrent layers (linear attention layers)
+                {
+                    uint32_t full_attn_interval = 4;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_FULL_ATTENTION_INTERVAL, full_attn_interval, false);
+                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                        hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = ((i + 1) % full_attn_interval != 0);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_80B_A3B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS,    hparams.rope_sections, 4, true);
+
+                // Load linear attention (gated delta net) parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
+
+                // Mark recurrent layers (linear attention layers)
+                {
+                    uint32_t full_attn_interval = 4;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_FULL_ATTENTION_INTERVAL, full_attn_interval, false);
+                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                        hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = ((i + 1) % full_attn_interval != 0);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 24: type = hparams.n_embd == 1024 ? LLM_TYPE_0_8B : LLM_TYPE_2B; break;
+                    case 32: type = hparams.n_embd == 2560 ? LLM_TYPE_4B : LLM_TYPE_9B; break;
+                    case 64: type = LLM_TYPE_27B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,       hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS,    hparams.rope_sections, 4, true);
+
+                // Load linear attention (gated delta net) parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,    hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_INNER_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_STATE_SIZE,     hparams.ssm_d_state);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_TIME_STEP_RANK, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_GROUP_COUNT,    hparams.ssm_n_group);
+
+                // Mark recurrent layers (linear attention layers)
+                {
+                    uint32_t full_attn_interval = 4;
+                    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_FULL_ATTENTION_INTERVAL, full_attn_interval, false);
+                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                        hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = ((i + 1) % full_attn_interval != 0);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 40: type = LLM_TYPE_35B_A3B; break;
+                    case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_122B_A10B; break;
+                    case 60: type = LLM_TYPE_397B_A17B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_SCALE, hparams.f_attn_temp_scale, false);
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_FAST, hparams.yarn_beta_fast,    false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_BETA_SLOW, hparams.yarn_beta_slow,    false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_SCALING_YARN_LOG_MUL,   hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul, 0.0f);
+
+                hparams.f_attn_temp_offset = 0.0f;
+
+                // TODO: maybe add n_attn_temp_floor_scale as a separate KV?
+                if (hparams.f_attn_temp_scale != 0.0f) {
+                    hparams.n_attn_temp_floor_scale = hparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn;
+                    if (hparams.n_attn_temp_floor_scale == 0) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("invalid n_ctx_orig_yarn for attention temperature scaling");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 26: type = LLM_TYPE_3B; break;
+                    case 34: type = LLM_TYPE_8B; break;
+                    case 40: type = LLM_TYPE_14B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MIMO2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,   hparams.n_swa);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,         hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, hparams.swa_layers, hparams.n_layer);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_310B_A15B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,    hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla_impl);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA,  hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla_impl);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KV_LORA_RANK,      hparams.n_lora_kv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_SSM_CONV_KERNEL,             hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_KDA_HEAD_DIM,                hparams.n_embd_head_kda);
+
+                // MLA qk_rope_head_dim (for reference)
+                // qk_rope_head_dim = 64, qk_nope_head_dim = 128, qk_head_dim = 192
+
+                // Mark KDA layers as recurrent using n_head_kv pattern (like Jamba)
+                // Set n_head_kv = 0 for KDA layers (recurrent), n_head_kv = n_head for MLA layers (attention)
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < hparams.n_layer; ++i) {
+                    hparams.recurrent_layer_arr[i] = hparams.n_head_kv(i) == 0;  // KDA layers are recurrent
+                }
+
+                // MoE parameters - Kimi uses moe_intermediate_size = 1024
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_COUNT,               hparams.n_expert_shared);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_LEADING_DENSE_BLOCK_COUNT,         hparams.n_layer_dense_lead, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,              hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,                hparams.expert_gating_func);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 27: type = LLM_TYPE_48B_A3B; break; // Kimi-Linear-48B-A3B
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_STEP35:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+                hparams.swa_type = LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD;
+
+                // full_attention layer only use half of the RoPE dimensions
+                hparams.n_rot_full = hparams.n_rot_full / 2;
+
+                // MoE + SWA parameters
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH,        hparams.n_ff_exp);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_SHARED_FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH, hparams.n_ff_shexp, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,                hparams.expert_gating_func, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,              hparams.expert_weights_scale, false);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,               hparams.expert_weights_norm, false);
+
+                // Step35 uses sigmoid gating by default (if not set in GGUF)
+                if (hparams.expert_gating_func == LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE) {
+                    hparams.expert_gating_func = LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID;
+                }
+
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,  hparams.n_swa);
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,        hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, hparams.swa_layers, hparams.n_layer);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_SWIGLU_CLAMP_EXP,   hparams.swiglu_clamp_exp,   hparams.n_layer, false);
+                ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_SWIGLU_CLAMP_SHEXP, hparams.swiglu_clamp_shexp, hparams.n_layer, false);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 45: type = LLM_TYPE_196B_A11B; break;
+                    default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
+        default: throw std::runtime_error("unsupported model architecture: " + arch_name());
+    }
+
+    pimpl->n_bytes = ml.n_bytes;
+
+    pimpl->desc_str = arch_name() + " " + type_name() + " " + ml.ftype_name();
+
+    if (hparams.f_max_alibi_bias > 0.0f) {
+        hparams.use_alibi = true;
+    }
+
+    hparams.rope_type = llama_model_rope_type(this);
+}
+
+void llama_model::load_vocab(llama_model_loader & ml) {
+    const auto kv = LLM_KV(arch);
+
+    vocab.load(ml, kv);
+}
 
 bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     const auto & split_mode   = params.split_mode;
-    const auto & n_gpu_layers = params.n_gpu_layers;
     const auto & use_mlock    = params.use_mlock;
     const auto & tensor_split = params.tensor_split;
 
-    const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
+    const int n_layer      = hparams.n_layer;
+    const int n_gpu_layers = this->n_gpu_layers();
 
     const bool use_mmap_buffer = true;
 
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loading model tensors, this can take a while... (mmap = %s)\n", __func__, ml.use_mmap ? "true" : "false");
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loading model tensors, this can take a while... (mmap = %s, direct_io = %s)\n",
+        __func__, ml.use_mmap ? "true" : "false", ml.use_direct_io ? "true" : "false");
 
     // build a list of buffer types for the CPU and GPU devices
-    pimpl->cpu_buft_list = make_cpu_buft_list(devices);
+    pimpl->cpu_buft_list = make_cpu_buft_list(devices, params.use_extra_bufts, params.no_host);
     for (auto * dev : devices) {
         buft_list_t buft_list = make_gpu_buft_list(dev, split_mode, tensor_split);
         // add CPU buffer types as a fallback
@@ -1525,6 +2595,11 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         pimpl->gpu_buft_list.emplace(dev, std::move(buft_list));
     }
 
+    ggml_backend_dev_t cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
+    if (cpu_dev == nullptr) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
+    }
+
     // calculate the split points
     bool all_zero = tensor_split == nullptr || std::all_of(tensor_split, tensor_split + n_devices(), [](float x) { return x == 0.0f; });
     std::vector<float> splits(n_devices());
@@ -1535,6 +2610,13 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             size_t total;
             size_t free;
             ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
+
+            // devices can return 0 bytes for free and total memory if they do not
+            // have any to report. in this case, we will use the host memory as a fallback
+            // fixes: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/18577
+            if (free == 0 && total == 0) {
+                ggml_backend_dev_memory(cpu_dev, &free, &total);
+            }
             splits[i] = free;
         }
     } else {
@@ -1551,14 +2633,10 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         splits[i] /= split_sum;
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_dev_t cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
-    if (cpu_dev == nullptr) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
-    }
-    const int i_gpu_start = std::max((int) hparams.n_layer - n_gpu_layers, (int) 0);
-    const int act_gpu_layers = devices.empty() ? 0 : std::min(n_gpu_layers, (int)n_layer + 1);
+    const int i_gpu_start = std::max(int(hparams.n_layer) + 1 - n_gpu_layers, 0);
+    const int act_gpu_layers = devices.empty() ? 0 : std::min(n_gpu_layers, int(n_layer) + 1);
     auto get_layer_buft_list = [&](int il) -> llama_model::impl::layer_dev {
-        const bool is_swa = il < (int) hparams.n_layer && hparams.is_swa(il);
+        const bool is_swa = il < int(hparams.n_layer) && hparams.is_swa(il);
         if (il < i_gpu_start || (il - i_gpu_start) >= act_gpu_layers) {
             LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("load_tensors: layer %3d assigned to device %s, is_swa = %d\n", il, ggml_backend_dev_name(cpu_dev), is_swa);
             return {cpu_dev, &pimpl->cpu_buft_list};
@@ -1582,37 +2660,10 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     // assign the output layer
     pimpl->dev_output = get_layer_buft_list(n_layer);
 
-    // one ggml context per buffer type
-    int max_n_tensors = ml.n_tensors;
-    max_n_tensors += 1;         // duplicated output tensor
-    max_n_tensors += n_layer*2; // duplicated rope freq tensors
-    const size_t ctx_size = ggml_tensor_overhead()*max_n_tensors;
-
-    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, ggml_context *> ctx_map;
-    auto ctx_for_buft = [&](ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) -> ggml_context * {
-        auto it = ctx_map.find(buft);
-        if (it == ctx_map.end()) {
-            ggml_init_params params = {
-                /*.mem_size   =*/ ctx_size,
-                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
-                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
-            };
-
-            ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
-            if (!ctx) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
-            }
-
-            ctx_map[buft] = ctx;
-            pimpl->ctxs.emplace_back(ctx);
-
-            return ctx;
-        }
-        return it->second;
-    };
-
-    const auto TENSOR_DUPLICATED   = llama_model_loader::TENSOR_DUPLICATED;
-    const auto TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED = llama_model_loader::TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED;
+    const auto TENSOR_DUPLICATED      = llama_model_loader::TENSOR_DUPLICATED;
+    const auto TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED    = llama_model_loader::TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED;
+    const auto TENSOR_SKIP            = llama_model_loader::TENSOR_SKIP;
+    const auto TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL = llama_model_loader::TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL;
 
     // create tensors for the weights
     {
@@ -1622,13 +2673,13 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
         const int64_t n_embd        = hparams.n_embd;
         const int64_t n_embd_k_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa();
         const int64_t n_embd_v_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-        const int64_t n_embd_head_k = hparams.n_embd_head_k;
-        const int64_t n_embd_head_v = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
+        const int64_t n_embd_head_k = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+        const int64_t n_embd_head_v = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
         const int64_t n_ff          = hparams.n_ff();
         const int64_t n_embd_gqa    = n_embd_v_gqa;
         const int64_t n_vocab       = vocab.n_tokens();
         const int64_t n_token_types = vocab.n_token_types();
-        const int64_t n_rot         = hparams.n_rot;
+        const int64_t n_rot         = hparams.n_rot();
         const int64_t n_expert      = hparams.n_expert;
         const int64_t n_expert_used = hparams.n_expert_used;
         const int64_t n_ctx_train   = hparams.n_ctx_train;
@@ -1637,160 +2688,45 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             throw std::runtime_error("model has expert layers but no expert layers are used");
         }
 
-        int n_moved_tensors = 0;
-        ggml_tensor * first_moved_tensor = nullptr;
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t first_moved_from_buft = nullptr;
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t first_moved_to_buft = nullptr;
-
         auto create_tensor = [&](const LLM_TN_IMPL & tn, const std::initializer_list<int64_t> & ne, int flags) -> ggml_tensor * {
-            ggml_tensor * t_meta = ml.get_tensor_meta(tn.str().c_str());
+            const buft_list_t * buft_list_layer = tn.bid == -1 ? nullptr : pimpl->dev_layer.at(tn.bid).buft_list;
+            return ml.create_tensor(
+                hparams, &pimpl->cpu_buft_list, pimpl->dev_input.buft_list, pimpl->dev_output.buft_list, buft_list_layer,
+                tn, ne, flags);
+        };
 
-            if (!t_meta) {
-                if (flags & TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED) {
-                    return nullptr;
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("missing tensor '%s'", tn.str().c_str()));
-            }
+        layers.resize(n_layer);
 
-            // some models use the token embedding tensor as the output, but since these are used in different layers and with different ops
-            // the tensor is duplicated
-            // to handle this, we check if the tensor is duplicated, and if so, we assume that it is being loaded as the output tensor
-            llm_tensor tn_tensor = tn.tensor;
-            if (tn.tensor == LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD && flags & TENSOR_DUPLICATED) {
-                tn_tensor = LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT;
-            }
+        // TODO: move to a separate function
+        const auto tn = LLM_TN(arch);
 
-            llm_tensor_info info;
-            try {
-                info = llm_tensor_info_for(tn_tensor);
-            } catch (const std::out_of_range & e) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("missing tensor info mapping for %s", tn.str().c_str()));
+        // helper: try merged gate_up_exps first, fall back to separate gate and up
+        auto create_tensor_gate_up_exps = [&](llama_layer & layer, int bid, int64_t n_embd_, int64_t n_ff_, int64_t n_expert_, int flags) {
+            layer.ffn_gate_up_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_UP_EXPS, "weight", bid), {n_embd_, n_ff_ * 2, n_expert_}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            if (layer.ffn_gate_up_exps == nullptr) {
+                layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", bid), {n_embd_, n_ff_, n_expert_}, flags);
+                layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", bid), {n_embd_, n_ff_, n_expert_}, flags);
             }
+        };
+        switch (arch) {
+            case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA:
+            case LLM_ARCH_REFACT:
+            case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM:
+            case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE:
+            case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE:
+            case LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3:
+            case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            // skip unused tensors
-            if (info.op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
-                const size_t nbytes = ggml_nbytes(t_meta);
-                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("model has unused tensor %s (size = %zu bytes) -- ignoring\n", tn.str().c_str(), nbytes);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-                ml.size_data -= nbytes;
-                ml.n_created++;
-
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            // tensors with "bias" suffix are always used with GGML_OP_ADD
-            ggml_op op;
-            bool bias = tn.suffix != nullptr && strcmp(tn.suffix, "bias") == 0;
-            if (bias) {
-                op = GGML_OP_ADD;
-            } else {
-                op = info.op;
-            }
-
-            // sanity checks
-            if (info.layer == LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT || info.layer == LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT) {
-                if (tn.bid != -1) {
-                    GGML_ABORT("input/output layer tensor %s used with a layer number", tn.str().c_str());
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (tn.bid == -1) {
-                    GGML_ABORT("repeating layer tensor %s used without a layer number", tn.str().c_str());
-                }
-            }
-
-            // select the buffer type for this tensor
-            buft_list_t * buft_list;
-            switch (info.layer) {
-                case LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT:
-                    buft_list = pimpl->dev_input.buft_list;
-                    break;
-                case LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUTPUT:
-                    buft_list = pimpl->dev_output.buft_list;
-                    break;
-                case LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING:
-                    buft_list = pimpl->dev_layer.at(tn.bid).buft_list;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    GGML_ABORT("invalid layer %d for tensor %s", info.layer, tn.str().c_str());
-            }
-
-            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = nullptr;
-
-            // check overrides
-            if (ml.tensor_buft_overrides) {
-                std::string tensor_name = tn.str();
-                for (const auto * overrides = ml.tensor_buft_overrides; overrides->pattern != nullptr; ++overrides) {
-                    std::regex pattern(overrides->pattern);
-                    if (std::regex_search(tensor_name, pattern)) {
-                        buft = overrides->buft;
-                        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("tensor %s (%zu MiB %s) buffer type overridden to %s\n",
-                                tensor_name.c_str(),
-                                ggml_nbytes(t_meta) / 1024 / 1024, ggml_type_name(t_meta->type),
-                                ggml_backend_buft_name(buft));
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (!buft) {
-                buft = select_weight_buft(hparams, t_meta, op, *buft_list);
-                if (!buft) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to find a compatible buffer type for tensor %s", tn.str().c_str()));
-                }
-            }
-
-            // avoid using a host buffer when using mmap
-            auto * buft_dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
-            if (ml.use_mmap && buft_dev && buft == ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(buft_dev)) {
-                auto * cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
-                if (!cpu_dev) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error("no CPU backend found");
-                }
-                buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(cpu_dev);
-            }
-
-            if (buft != buft_list->front().second) {
-                n_moved_tensors++;
-                if (!first_moved_tensor) {
-                    first_moved_tensor = t_meta;
-                    first_moved_from_buft = buft_list->front().second;
-                    first_moved_to_buft   = buft;
-                }
-            }
-
-            ggml_context * ctx = ctx_for_buft(buft);
-
-            // if duplicated, check if the original tensor was allocated in the same buffer type context and avoid creating a new one
-            if (flags & TENSOR_DUPLICATED) {
-                ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_tensor(ctx, tn.str().c_str());
-                if (t) {
-                    return t;
-                }
-            }
-            return ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn, ne, flags);
-        };
-
-        layers.resize(n_layer);
-
-        // TODO: move to a separate function
-        const auto tn = LLM_TN(arch);
-        switch (arch) {
-            case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA:
-            case LLM_ARCH_REFACT:
-            case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM:
-            case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE:
-            case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE:
-                {
-                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
-
-                    // output
-                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
-                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-
-                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
-                    if (output == NULL) {
-                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
-                    }
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
@@ -1842,8 +2778,92 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         }
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_LLADA:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output =
+                            create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+
+                        // Use separate Q, K, V projections without bias, matching LLaDALlamaBlock
+                        layer.wq =
+                            create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head }, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa }, 0);
+                        // No bias for QKV projections as per config: include_bias=false, include_qkv_bias=false
+                        layer.wo =
+                            create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), { n_embd }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+
+                        layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), { n_rot / 2 },
+                                                         TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), { n_ff, n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff }, 0);
+
+                        // optional MLP bias
+                        layer.ffn_gate_b =
+                            create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "bias", i), { n_ff }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down_b =
+                            create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i), { n_embd }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "bias", i), { n_ff }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert > 0 && "n_expert must be > 0 for llada-moe");
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used > 0 && "n_expert_used must be > 0 for llada-moe");
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+
+                        const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp ? hparams.n_ff_exp : n_ff / n_expert_used;
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4:
                 {
+                    if (n_expert == 0) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error(arch_name() + " model cannot have zero experts");
+                    }
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
                     // output
@@ -1855,9 +2875,8 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
                     }
 
-                    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_moe_layer_step > 0 && "Llama 4 requires n_moe_layer_step > 0");
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-                        bool is_moe_layer = (i + 1) % hparams.n_moe_layer_step == 0;
+                        const bool is_moe_layer = hparams.n_moe_layer_step > 0 && (i + 1) % hparams.n_moe_layer_step == 0;
 
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
 
@@ -1873,7 +2892,7 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
 
                         if (is_moe_layer) {
-                            int n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                            const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
 
                             layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
                             layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
@@ -1960,8 +2979,8 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM3:
                 {
-                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot;
-                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k - hparams.n_rot;
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k() - hparams.n_rot();
 
                     const int64_t q_lora_rank  = hparams.n_lora_q;
                     const int64_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
@@ -2004,7 +3023,7 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             case LLM_ARCH_GROK:
                 {
                     if (n_expert == 0) {
-                        throw std::runtime_error("Grok model cannot have zero experts");
+                        throw std::runtime_error(arch_name() + " model cannot have zero experts");
                     }
 
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -2018,6 +3037,7 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
                     }
 
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp ? hparams.n_ff_exp : n_ff/* / n_expert_used*/; // grok-1 n_ff_exp == n_ff
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
 
@@ -2032,12 +3052,19 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
 
                         layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff,   n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
                         layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff_exp, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp, n_embd,   n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
 
-                        layer.layer_out_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        if (!layer.ffn_post_norm) {
+                            layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        }
                     }
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_DBRX:
@@ -2166,7 +3193,11 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
             case LLM_ARCH_BERT:
             case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT:
             case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE:
+            case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3:
                 {
+                    if (n_token_types == 0) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error(arch_name() + " model needs to define token type count");
+                    }
                     tok_embd     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,  "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
                     type_embd    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES, "weight"), {n_embd, n_token_types}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
@@ -2201,24 +3232,22 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         }
 
                         layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,      "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,      "bias", i),   {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
                         layer.attn_out_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                         layer.attn_out_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
 
                         if (hparams.moe_every_n_layers > 0 && i % hparams.moe_every_n_layers == 1) {
-                            layer.bo         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                             layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}, 0);
                             layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_ff,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
                             layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
                         } else {
-                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,        "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
-                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,      "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i),   {n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_down   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-                            if (arch == LLM_ARCH_BERT || arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE) {
-                                layer.bo         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                                layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i), {n_ff}, 0);
-                                layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                            } else {
+                            if (arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT) {
                                 layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
                             }
                         }
@@ -2227,6 +3256,38 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.layer_out_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+                    tok_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                    for(int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto& layer = layers[i];
+
+                        if ( i != 0 ) {
+                            layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        } else{
+                            // layer 0 uses identity
+                            layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
+
+
+                        layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, 3 * n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, 2 * n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+
+                    cls_out   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,  "weight"), {n_embd, hparams.n_cls_out}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    cls_out_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,  "bias"),   {hparams.n_cls_out},         TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    cls       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CLS,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_embd},            TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    cls_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CLS_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd},                    TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,  "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -2253,6 +3314,29 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2:
                 {
                     tok_embd  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,  "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0); // word_embeddings
@@ -2291,7 +3375,14 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.attn_norm_2_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2, "bias",   i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
                         layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, layer.ffn_gate ? n_ff : n_ff * 2}, 0);
+
+                        const auto tn_ffn_up_weight = tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "weight", i);
+                        ggml_tensor * t_ffn_up = ml.get_tensor_meta(tn_ffn_up_weight.str().c_str());
+                        const int64_t n_ffn_up = t_ffn_up ? t_ffn_up->ne[1] : n_ff;
+
+                        GGML_ASSERT(n_ffn_up == n_ff || n_ffn_up == n_ff * 2);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn_ffn_up_weight, {n_embd, n_ffn_up}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "bias", i), {n_ffn_up}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
                         layer.ffn_down   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
                         layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias",   i), {n_embd}, 0);
@@ -2373,8 +3464,9 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_up     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
                         layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i),   {n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-                        layer.attn_q_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                        layer.attn_q_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "bias",   i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        // FIXME test-llama-archs crashes if q_norm is created
+                        layer.attn_q_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "bias",   i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL);
 
                         layer.attn_k_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                         layer.attn_k_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "bias",   i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
@@ -2447,12 +3539,14 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2:
             case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL:
+            case LLM_ARCH_DREAM:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
                     // output
                     output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
                     output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    output_b    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "bias"),   {n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                     // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
                     if (output == NULL) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
@@ -2469,9 +3563,9 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
 
                         // optional bias tensors
-                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
-                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
                         layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
@@ -2531,6 +3625,7 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     }
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3:
+            case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
@@ -2542,6 +3637,9 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
                     }
 
+                    // output rerank head
+                    cls_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT, "weight"), {n_embd, hparams.n_cls_out}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
 
@@ -2562,6 +3660,8 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     }
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE:
+            case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE:
+            case LLM_ARCH_RND1:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
@@ -2742,6 +3842,113 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2:
+                {
+                    // mamba parameters
+                    const uint32_t d_conv             = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+                    const uint32_t d_state            = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const uint32_t num_heads          = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+                    const uint32_t intermediate_size  = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+                    const int64_t dt_dim              = std::max(64, int(hparams.n_embd / 16));
+
+                    // attention parameters
+                    const uint32_t qk_dim = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+                    const uint32_t v_dim  = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+                        bool is_mamba_layer = hparams.is_recurrent(i);
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        if (is_mamba_layer) {
+                            layer.ssm_in       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,     "weight", i), {n_embd, 2 * intermediate_size}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "weight", i), {d_conv, intermediate_size}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_x    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,  "weight", i), {intermediate_size, dt_dim + 2*d_state}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_dt   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "weight", i), {dt_dim, num_heads}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_dt_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "bias", i), {num_heads}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {num_heads}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D, i), {num_heads}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "weight", i), {intermediate_size, n_embd}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_dt_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT_NORM, i), {dt_dim}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_b_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_B_NORM, i), {d_state}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_c_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_C_NORM, i), {d_state}, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            const int64_t num_attention_heads = hparams.n_head(i);
+                            const int64_t q_num_heads         = num_attention_heads;
+                            const int64_t num_key_value_heads = hparams.n_head_kv(i);
+                            const int64_t k_num_heads         = num_key_value_heads;
+                            const int64_t v_num_heads         = num_key_value_heads;
+                            const int64_t q_proj_dim          = q_num_heads * qk_dim;
+                            const int64_t k_proj_dim          = k_num_heads * qk_dim;
+                            const int64_t v_proj_dim          = v_num_heads * v_dim;
+
+                            layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, q_proj_dim + k_proj_dim + v_proj_dim}, 0);
+                            layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {qk_dim, num_attention_heads}, 0);
+                            layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {qk_dim, k_num_heads}, 0);
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {q_num_heads * v_dim, n_embd}, 0);
+                        }
+
+                        // All layers have post-attention norm, FFN norm, and FFN tensors
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff * 2}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO3:
+                {
+                    const int64_t head_dim_q = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+                    const int64_t head_dim_v = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        const int64_t num_attention_heads = hparams.n_head(i);
+                        const int64_t num_key_value_heads = hparams.n_head_kv(i);
+                        const int64_t q_proj_dim = num_attention_heads * head_dim_q;
+                        const int64_t k_proj_dim = num_key_value_heads * head_dim_q;
+                        const int64_t v_proj_dim = num_key_value_heads * head_dim_v;
+                        const int64_t n_ff_cur   = hparams.n_ff(i);
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i),
+                                {n_embd,q_proj_dim + k_proj_dim + v_proj_dim}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {head_dim_q}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {head_dim_q}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {num_attention_heads * head_dim_v, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_cur * 2}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff_cur, n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_GPT2:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -2917,6 +4124,7 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                     }
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3:
+            case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
@@ -2929,6 +4137,11 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,   "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
                     }
 
+                    // Dense linear weights
+                    dense_2_out_layers = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT, "weight"), {n_embd, hparams.dense_2_feat_out}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    dense_3_out_layers = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_3_OUT, "weight"), {hparams.dense_3_feat_in, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
 
@@ -2950,13 +4163,11 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
-            case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2:
+            case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N:
                 {
-                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
-
-                    // output
-                    output_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
-                    output_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "bias"),   {n_embd}, 0);
+                    const int64_t n_altup      = hparams.n_altup;
+                    const int64_t laurel_rank  = hparams.laurel_rank;
+                    const int64_t n_embd_altup = hparams.n_embd_altup;
 
                     output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                     // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
@@ -2964,30 +4175,88 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
                     }
 
-                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
-                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+                    tok_embd           = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,           "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+                    tok_embd_per_layer = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd_altup * n_layer, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-                        layer.attn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.attn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
+                    altup_proj           = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PROJ,           "weight"), {n_embd, n_embd, n_altup - 1}, 0);
+                    altup_unembd_proj    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_UNEMBD_PROJ,    "weight"), {n_embd, n_embd, n_altup - 1}, 0);
+                    per_layer_model_proj = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_MODEL_PROJ, "weight"), {n_embd, n_embd_altup * n_layer}, 0);
+                    per_layer_proj_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ_NORM,  "weight"), {n_embd_altup}, 0);
 
-                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
-                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
-                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        // optional bias tensors
-                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
-                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
-                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-                        layer.ffn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        // optional bias tensors
+                        layer.attn_q_norm    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,    "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,    "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        // altup & laurel
+                        layer.per_layer_inp_gate   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_INP_GATE,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_altup}, 0);
+                        layer.per_layer_proj       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_PROJ,      "weight", i), {n_embd_altup, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.per_layer_post_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_PER_LAYER_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.altup_correct_coef   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_COEF,  "weight", i), {n_altup, n_altup}, 0);
+                        layer.altup_correct_scale  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_CORRECT_SCALE, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.altup_predict_coef   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_PREDICT_COEF,  "weight", i), {n_altup, n_altup * n_altup}, 0);
+                        layer.altup_router         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER,        "weight", i), {n_embd, n_altup}, 0);
+                        layer.altup_router_norm    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ALTUP_ROUTER_NORM,   "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.laurel_l             = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_L,            "weight", i), {n_embd, laurel_rank}, 0);
+                        layer.laurel_r             = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_R,            "weight", i), {laurel_rank, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.laurel_post_norm     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAUREL_POST_NORM,    "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "bias"),   {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                    output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        // optional bias tensors
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+
+                        // optional bias tensors
                         layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                         layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP ,  "bias", i), {  n_ff}, 0);
                     }
@@ -3039,6 +4308,228 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ssm_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "weight", i), {d_inner, n_embd}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2:
+                {
+                    const int64_t d_conv  = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+                    const int64_t d_inner = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+                    const int64_t d_state = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t n_head  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+                    const int64_t n_group = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+                    const int64_t d_in_proj = 2*d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state + n_head;
+
+                    // only an expansion factor of 2 is supported for now
+                    GGML_ASSERT(2 * n_embd == d_inner);
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    {
+                        output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed, duplicated to allow offloading
+                        if (output == NULL) {
+                            output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        // norm
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ssm_in = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN, "weight", i), {n_embd, d_in_proj}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ssm_conv1d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "weight", i), {d_conv, d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state}, 0);
+                        layer.ssm_conv1d_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "bias", i), {d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ssm_dt_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "bias", i), {n_head}, 0);
+
+                        // no "weight" suffix for these
+                        layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {1, n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.ssm_d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D, i), {1, n_head}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ssm_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM, "weight", i), {d_inner / n_group, n_group}, 0);
+
+                        // out_proj
+                        layer.ssm_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "weight", i), {d_inner, n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_JAMBA:
+                {
+                    const int64_t d_conv  = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+                    const int64_t d_inner = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+                    const int64_t d_state = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t dt_rank = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+
+                    // only an expansion factor of 2 is supported for now
+                    GGML_ASSERT(2 * n_embd == d_inner);
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    {
+                        output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed, duplicated to allow offloading
+                        if (output == NULL) {
+                            output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        const int64_t n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(i);
+                        const int64_t n_embd_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(i);
+
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        // norm
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        if (n_head_kv == 0) {
+                            // Mamba layer
+                            layer.ssm_in = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN, "weight", i), {n_embd, 2*d_inner}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "weight", i), {d_conv, d_inner}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "bias", i), {d_inner}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_x = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X, "weight", i), {d_inner, dt_rank + 2*d_state}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_dt_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT_NORM, "weight", i), {dt_rank}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_dt = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "weight", i), {dt_rank, d_inner}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_dt_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "bias", i), {d_inner}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_b_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_B_NORM, "weight", i), {d_state}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_c_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_C_NORM, "weight", i), {d_state}, 0);
+
+                            // no "weight" suffix for these
+                            layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {d_state, d_inner}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D, i), {d_inner}, 0);
+
+                            // out_proj
+                            layer.ssm_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "weight", i), {d_inner, n_embd}, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            // Attention layers
+
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        }
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                        if (layer.ffn_gate_inp) {
+                            // MoE
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff, n_expert}, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            // FFN (no MoE)
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID:
+                {
+                    // mamba2 Mixer SSM params
+                    // NOTE: int64_t for tensor dimensions
+                    const int64_t d_conv     = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+                    const int64_t d_inner    = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+                    const int64_t d_state    = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t n_ssm_head = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+                    const int64_t n_group    = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+                    const int64_t d_in_proj  = 2*d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state + n_ssm_head;
+
+                    // only an expansion factor of 2 is supported for now
+                    GGML_ASSERT(2 * n_embd == d_inner);
+
+                    // embeddings
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    {
+                        output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed, duplicated to allow offloading
+                        if (output == NULL) {
+                            output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        // norm
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        if (hparams.is_recurrent(i)) {
+                            // ssm layers
+                            layer.ssm_in = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN, "weight", i), {n_embd, d_in_proj}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "weight", i), {d_conv, d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "bias", i), {d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                            layer.ssm_dt_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "bias", i), {n_ssm_head}, 0);
+
+                            // no "weight" suffix for these
+                            layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {1, n_ssm_head}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D, i), {1, n_ssm_head}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM, "weight", i), {d_inner / n_group, n_group}, 0);
+
+                            // out_proj
+                            layer.ssm_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "weight", i), {d_inner, n_embd}, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            // attention layers (with optional bias)
+                            const int64_t n_head_i = hparams.n_head(i);
+                            const int64_t n_embd_k_gqa_i = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(i);
+                            const int64_t n_embd_v_gqa_i = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(i);
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head_i}, 0);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa_i}, 0);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa_i}, 0);
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head_i, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd},         TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_k_gqa_i}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_v_gqa_i}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd},         TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
+
+                        // feed forward (w/ optional biases)
+                        if (n_expert > 0) {
+                            // MoE FFN
+                            layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff, n_expert}, 0);
+
+                            // For Granite MoE Shared
+                            if (hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0) {
+                                layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {hparams.n_ff_shexp, n_embd}, 0);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "bias", i), {n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i), {n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_XVERSE:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -3168,6 +4659,43 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_SEED_OSS:
+                {
+                    const uint32_t head_dim             = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+                    const int64_t n_qo_dim              = n_head * head_dim;
+                    const int64_t n_kv_dim              = n_head_kv * head_dim;
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_qo_dim}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_kv_dim}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_kv_dim}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_qo_dim, n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_qo_dim},   TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_kv_dim},   TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_kv_dim},   TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+
             case LLM_ARCH_OLMOE:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -3311,7 +4839,11 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
 
                     // output
                     output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
-                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+                    // try to load output.weight, if not found, use token_embd (tied embeddings)
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    if (!output) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
@@ -3352,16 +4884,15 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2:
                 {
-                    const bool is_lite = (hparams.n_layer == 27);
-
-                    const bool is_mla = (hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla != 0 && hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla != 0);
+                    const bool is_mla = hparams.is_mla();
 
                     // note: these are the actual head sizes you get when treating as MHA or after "decompression" using wv_b for MLA
-                    const int64_t n_embd_head_k_mla = is_mla ? hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla : hparams.n_embd_head_k;
-                    const int64_t n_embd_head_v_mla = is_mla ? hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla : hparams.n_embd_head_v;
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_k_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla();
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_v_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla();
 
-                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot;
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();
                     const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = n_embd_head_k_mla - n_embd_head_qk_rope;
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head_qk_nope >= 1);
 
                     const int64_t q_lora_rank  = hparams.n_lora_q;
                     const int64_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
@@ -3373,19 +4904,23 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
 
                     // output
                     output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
-                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+                    // try to load output.weight, if not found, use token_embd (tied embeddings)
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    if (!output) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
 
                         layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                        if (!is_lite) {
+                        if (q_lora_rank > 0) {
                             layer.attn_q_a_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM, "weight", i), {q_lora_rank}, 0);
                         }
 
                         layer.attn_kv_a_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM, "weight", i), {kv_lora_rank}, 0);
 
-                        if (!is_lite) {
+                        if (q_lora_rank > 0) {
                             layer.wq_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A, "weight", i), {n_embd, q_lora_rank}, 0);
                             layer.wq_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B, "weight", i), {q_lora_rank, n_head * n_embd_head_k_mla}, 0);
                         } else {
@@ -3422,9 +4957,8 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                             }
 
                             // MoE branch
-                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
                             layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
-                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                            create_tensor_gate_up_exps(layer, i, n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert, 0);
 
                             // Shared expert branch
                             layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp * n_expert_shared}, 0);
@@ -3435,8 +4969,8 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_PLM:
                 {
-                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot;
-                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k - hparams.n_rot;
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k() - hparams.n_rot();
                     const int64_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
 
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -3476,23 +5010,23 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.attn_sub_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SUB_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
                         layer.wq       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.wq_scale = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.wq_s     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                         layer.wk       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
-                        layer.wk_scale = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.wk_s     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                         layer.wv       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
-                        layer.wv_scale = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.wv_s     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                         layer.wo       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.wo_scale = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.wo_s     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
                         layer.ffn_norm     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,     "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                         layer.ffn_sub_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_SUB_NORM, "weight", i), {n_ff}, 0);
 
                         layer.ffn_gate       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_gate_scale = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                         layer.ffn_down       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_down_scale = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                         layer.ffn_up         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_up_scale   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up_s   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "scale",  i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                     }
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_T5:
@@ -3511,6 +5045,14 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
                     }
 
+                    // n_layer:     number of encoder_layers
+                    // dec_n_layer: number of decoder_layers
+                    const int dec_n_layer = hparams.dec_n_layer;
+                    if (dec_n_layer > n_layer) {
+                        layers.resize(dec_n_layer);
+                    }
+
+                    // load encoder layers
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
 
@@ -3526,6 +5068,11 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_gate_enc = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                         layer.ffn_down_enc = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
                         layer.ffn_up_enc   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ENC_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                    }
+
+                    // load decoder layers
+                    for (int i = 0; i < dec_n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
                         layer.attn_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_NORM,  "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                         layer.attn_rel_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_REL_B, "weight", i), {n_head, n_rel_attn_bkts}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
@@ -3537,7 +5084,8 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
 
                         layer.attn_norm_cross  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_NORM,  "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
                         // this tensor seems to be unused in HF transformers implementation
-                        layer.attn_rel_b_cross = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_REL_B, "weight", i), {n_head, n_rel_attn_bkts}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.attn_rel_b_cross = create_tensor(
+                            tn(LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_REL_B, "weight", i), {n_head, n_rel_attn_bkts}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL);
 
                         layer.wq_cross = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
                         layer.wk_cross = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
@@ -3615,50 +5163,52 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i),   {n_ff}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
-            case LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM:
+            case LLM_ARCH_JAIS2:
                 {
-                    tok_embd   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
                     // output
                     output_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "bias"),   {n_embd}, 0);
                     output        = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
-                    if (output == NULL) {
+                    if (!output) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
                     }
 
                     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
                         auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                        layer.bqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "bias", i),   {n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.attn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        if (layer.wqkv == nullptr) {
-                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
-                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
-                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
-                            layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                            layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                            layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-                        }
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        layer.wo   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        // attention biases - all have shape n_embd (output dimension of projections)
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
                         layer.ffn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        layer.ffn_up     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff * 2}, 0);
-
-                        layer.ffn_down   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        // Jais-2 uses simple MLP (no gate) with biases
+                        layer.ffn_up     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i),   {n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
-            case LLM_ARCH_GLM4:
+            case LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM:
                 {
-                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+                    tok_embd   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
                     // output
-                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
-                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    output_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output        = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                     // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
                     if (output == NULL) {
                         output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
@@ -3682,13 +5232,271 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
 
                         layer.wo   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
-                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff * 2}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff * 2}, 0);
 
-                        layer.ffn_post_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_GLM4:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        int flags = 0;
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            // skip all tensors in the NextN layers
+                            flags |= TENSOR_SKIP;
+                        }
+
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+                        layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "bias", i),   {n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                        if (layer.wqkv == nullptr) {
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, flags);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, flags);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, flags);
+                            layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "bias", i), {n_embd}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
+
+                        layer.wo   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, flags);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff * 2}, flags);
+
+                        layer.ffn_post_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        // NextN/MTP tensors (preserved but unused) - conditionally load for last nextn_predict_layers
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            layer.nextn.eh_proj          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ, "weight", i), { 2 * n_embd, n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.enorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.hnorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+
+                            // Optional tensors
+                            layer.nextn.embed_tokens     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_head = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE:
+                {
+                    const int64_t n_expert        = hparams.n_expert;
+                    const int64_t n_expert_used   = hparams.n_expert_used;
+                    const int64_t n_expert_shared = hparams.n_expert_shared;
+
+                    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert > 0 && "n_expert must be > 0 for GLM4_MOE MoE layers");
+                    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_expert_used > 0 && "n_expert_used must be > 0 for GLM4_MOE MoE layers");
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    // Load ALL tensors including NextN layer to satisfy total tensor count
+                    // but only PROCESS up to last layer (skipping final NextN layer) in forward pass
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        int flags = 0;
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            // skip all tensors in the NextN layers
+                            flags |= TENSOR_SKIP;
+                        }
+
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+
+                        // GLM-style attention with bias terms
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head }, flags);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa }, flags);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa }, flags);
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "bias", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "bias", i), { n_embd_k_gqa }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "bias", i), { n_embd_v_gqa }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, flags);
+
+                        // K/Q norm tensors (optional for GLM-4.5 355B variant)
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(
+                            tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(
+                            tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+
+                        // Check if this layer uses MoE or dense FFN based on n_layer_dense_lead
+                        // GLM 4.5 uses hybrid architecture: layer 0 is dense, layers 1+ are MoE
+                        const bool use_moe = (static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+
+                        if (use_moe) {
+                            // MoE layers
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp =
+                                create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_expert }, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), { n_expert }, flags);
+
+                            // MoE branch
+                            const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp ? hparams.n_ff_exp : n_ff / n_expert_used;
+
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(
+                                tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert }, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(
+                                tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert }, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps = create_tensor(
+                                tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert }, flags);
+
+                            // Shared expert
+                            if (n_expert_shared > 0) {
+                                const int64_t n_ff_shexp = n_ff_exp * n_expert_shared;
+                                layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(
+                                    tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_shexp }, flags);
+                                layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(
+                                    tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), { n_ff_shexp, n_embd }, flags);
+                                layer.ffn_up_shexp = create_tensor(
+                                    tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_shexp }, flags);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            // Dense layers (first k layers) - GLM uses separate gate/up projections
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff }, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), { n_ff, n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff }, flags);
+                        }
+
+                        // NextN/MTP tensors (preserved but unused) - conditionally load for last nextn_predict_layers
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            layer.nextn.eh_proj          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ, "weight", i), { 2 * n_embd, n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.enorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.hnorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+
+                            // Optional tensors
+                            layer.nextn.embed_tokens     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_head = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA:
+                {
+                    const bool is_mla = hparams.is_mla();
+                    if (!is_mla) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("GLM_DSA architecture requires MLA");
+                    }
+
+                    // note: these are the actual head sizes you get when treating as MHA or after "decompression" using wv_b for MLA
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_k_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla();
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_v_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla();
+
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = n_embd_head_k_mla - n_embd_head_qk_rope;
+
+                    const int64_t q_lora_rank  = hparams.n_lora_q;
+                    const int64_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
+
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp        = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                    const int64_t n_expert_shared = hparams.n_expert_shared;
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    // try to load output.weight, if not found, use token_embd (tied embeddings)
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    if (!output) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        int flags = 0;
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            // skip all tensors in the NextN layers
+                            // TODO @ngxson : TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED was a hack, need to remove it later
+                            flags |= TENSOR_SKIP | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED;
+                        }
+
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+                        layer.attn_q_a_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM, "weight", i), {q_lora_rank}, flags);
+                        layer.attn_kv_a_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM, "weight", i), {kv_lora_rank}, flags);
+
+                        layer.wq_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A, "weight", i), {n_embd, q_lora_rank}, flags);
+                        layer.wq_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B, "weight", i), {q_lora_rank, n_head * n_embd_head_k_mla}, flags);
+
+                        layer.wkv_a_mqa = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA, "weight", i), {n_embd, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope}, flags);
+
+                        // note: only old legacy GGUF files will have the unsplit wkv_b tensor in
+                        layer.wk_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_qk_nope, kv_lora_rank, n_head}, flags);
+                        layer.wv_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B, "weight", i), {kv_lora_rank, n_embd_head_v_mla, n_head}, flags);
+
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_head * n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        // DSA indexer
+                        layer.indexer_k_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_K_NORM,   "weight", i), {hparams.indexer_head_size}, flags);
+                        layer.indexer_k_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_K_NORM,   "bias",   i), {hparams.indexer_head_size}, flags);
+                        layer.indexer_proj     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_PROJ,     "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.indexer_n_head}, flags);
+                        layer.indexer_attn_k   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.indexer_head_size}, flags);
+                        layer.indexer_attn_q_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_INDEXER_ATTN_Q_B, "weight", i), {q_lora_rank, hparams.indexer_n_head * hparams.indexer_head_size}, flags);
+                        if (i < (int) hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, flags);
+                        } else {
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                            if (n_expert == 0) {
+                                throw std::runtime_error("n_expert must be > 0");
+                            }
+                            if (n_expert_used == 0) {
+                                throw std::runtime_error("n_expert_used must be > 0");
+                            }
+
+                            // MoE branch
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, flags);
+
+                            // Shared expert branch
+                            layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp * n_expert_shared}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {        n_ff_exp * n_expert_shared, n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp * n_expert_shared}, flags);
+                        }
+
+                        // NextN/MTP tensors (preserved but unused) - conditionally load for last nextn_predict_layers
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            layer.nextn.eh_proj          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ, "weight", i), { 2 * n_embd, n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.enorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.hnorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+
+                            // Optional tensors
+                            layer.nextn.embed_tokens     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_head = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
                     }
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON:
@@ -3728,6 +5536,97 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i), {n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H:
+            case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE:
+                {
+                    // mamba2 Mixer SSM params
+                    // NOTE: int64_t for tensor dimensions
+                    const int64_t d_conv     = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+                    const int64_t d_inner    = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+                    const int64_t d_state    = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t n_ssm_head = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+                    const int64_t n_group    = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+                    const int64_t d_in_proj  = 2*d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state + n_ssm_head;
+                    const int64_t moe_n_embd = hparams.moe_latent_size > 0 ? hparams.moe_latent_size : n_embd;
+
+                    // embeddings
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    {
+                        output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed, duplicated to allow offloading
+                        if (output == NULL) {
+                            output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        // all blocks use the attn norm
+                        layer.attn_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        if (hparams.is_recurrent(i)) {
+                            // ssm layers
+                            layer.ssm_in = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN, "weight", i), {n_embd, d_in_proj}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "weight", i), {d_conv, d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "bias", i), {d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                            layer.ssm_dt_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "bias", i), {n_ssm_head}, 0);
+
+                            // no "weight" suffix for these
+                            layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {1, n_ssm_head}, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D, i), {1, n_ssm_head}, 0);
+
+                            layer.ssm_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM, "weight", i), {d_inner / n_group, n_group}, 0);
+
+                            // out_proj
+                            layer.ssm_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "weight", i), {d_inner, n_embd}, 0);
+                        } else if (hparams.n_ff(i) == 0) {
+                            // attention layers (with optional bias)
+                            const int64_t n_head_i = hparams.n_head(i);
+                            const int64_t n_embd_k_gqa_i = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(i);
+                            const int64_t n_embd_v_gqa_i = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(i);
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head_i}, 0);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa_i}, 0);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa_i}, 0);
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head_i, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias",   i), {n_embd},         TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias",   i), {n_embd_k_gqa_i}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias",   i), {n_embd_v_gqa_i}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias",   i), {n_embd},         TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }  else {
+                            if (n_expert != 0) {
+                                const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp ? hparams.n_ff_exp : n_ff / n_expert_used;
+                                const int64_t n_ff_shexp = hparams.n_ff_shexp;
+
+                                layer.ffn_gate_inp    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), { n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert         }, 0);
+
+                                // MoE branch
+                                layer.ffn_latent_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_embd, moe_n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                                layer.ffn_latent_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_LATENT_UP,   "weight", i), {moe_n_embd, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                                layer.ffn_down_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   moe_n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_up_exps     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {moe_n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+
+                                // Shared expert branch
+                                layer.ffn_down_shexp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_ff_shexp, n_embd}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_up_shexp    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+
+                            } else {
+                                // mlp layers
+                                layer.ffn_down   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  hparams.n_ff(i), n_embd}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_up     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   hparams.n_ff(i)}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias",   i), {n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                                layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias",   i), {hparams.n_ff(i)}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -3758,6 +5657,117 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_up     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,     "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE4:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+
+                        layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_post_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE_MOE:
+                {
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp       = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                    const int64_t n_expert       = hparams.n_expert;
+                    const int64_t n_expert_used  = hparams.n_expert_used;
+                    const int64_t n_ff_shexp     = hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0 ? hparams.n_ff_shexp : n_ff_exp;
+                    const int64_t head_dim       = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+                    const int64_t n_qo_dim       = n_head * head_dim;
+                    const int64_t n_kv_dim       = n_head_kv * head_dim;
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        int flags = 0;
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            // skip all tensors in the NextN layers
+                            flags |= TENSOR_SKIP;
+                        }
+
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_qo_dim}, flags);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_kv_dim}, flags);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_kv_dim}, flags);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_qo_dim, n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        layer.rope_freqs   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,  "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0) | flags);
+
+                        layer.attn_norm    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,   "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, flags);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, flags);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,    "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        // dense layers for first n_layer_dense_lead layers or nextn_predict_layers layers at the end
+                        if (i < (int) hparams.n_layer_dense_lead || (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers)) {
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, flags);
+                        } else {
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+
+                            if (n_expert == 0) {
+                                throw std::runtime_error("n_expert must be > 0");
+                            }
+                            if (n_expert_used == 0) {
+                                throw std::runtime_error("n_expert_used must be > 0");
+                            }
+
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,  "weight", i), {n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,    "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, flags);
+
+                            layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_ff_shexp, n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, flags);
+                        }
+
+                        // NextN/MTP tensors (preserved but unused) - conditionally load for last nextn_predict_layers
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            layer.nextn.eh_proj          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ, "weight", i), {2 * n_embd, n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.enorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,   "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.hnorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,   "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.embed_tokens     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS,     "weight", i), {n_embd, n_vocab}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_head = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_vocab}, flags | TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -4048,9 +6058,9 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC:
                 {
-                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {hparams.n_embd_features, n_vocab}, 0);
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {hparams.n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-                    conv1d   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D, "weight"), {7, hparams.n_embd_features, hparams.posnet.n_embd}, 0);
+                    conv1d   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D, "weight"), {7, hparams.n_embd, hparams.posnet.n_embd}, 0);
                     conv1d_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D, "bias"),   {1, hparams.posnet.n_embd}, 0);
 
                     // posnet
@@ -4146,8 +6156,8 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         output_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "bias"),   {n_embd}, 0);
                     }
 
-                    output   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {hparams.convnext.n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
-                    output_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "bias"),   {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {hparams.convnext.n_embd, hparams.n_embd_out()}, 0);
+                    output_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "bias"),   {hparams.n_embd_out()}, 0);
                 } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE:
                 {
@@ -4189,6 +6199,70 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp * n_expert_shared}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2:
+                {
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp        = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                    const int64_t n_expert_shared = hparams.n_expert_shared;
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
+
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert > 0 && "n_expert must be > 0 for bailingmoe2");
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used > 0 && "n_expert_used must be > 0 for bailingmoe2");
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        int flags = 0;
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            // skip all tensors in the NextN layers
+                            flags |= TENSOR_SKIP;
+                        }
+
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa}, flags);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, flags);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, flags);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+
+                        if (static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) { // MoE layers
+                            const int64_t n_ff_shexp = (hparams.n_ff_shexp ? hparams.n_ff_shexp : n_ff_exp) * n_expert_shared;
+
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, flags);
+
+                            layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_ff_shexp, n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, flags);
+                        } else { // Dense layers
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, flags);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, flags);
+                        }
+
+                        // NextN/MTP tensors (preserved but unused) - conditionally load for last nextn_predict_layers
+                        if (hparams.nextn_predict_layers > 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
+                            layer.nextn.eh_proj          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ, "weight", i), { 2 * n_embd, n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.embed_tokens     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+                            layer.nextn.enorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.hnorm            = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, flags);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_head = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_HEAD, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+                            layer.nextn.shared_head_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_SHARED_HEAD_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | flags);
+                            layer.layer_out_norm         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, flags);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_DOTS1:
                 {
                     const int64_t n_ff_exp        = hparams.n_ff_exp;
@@ -4272,9483 +6346,1672 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
                     }
                 } break;
-            default:
-                throw std::runtime_error("unknown architecture");
-        }
-
-        if (n_moved_tensors > 0) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: tensor '%s' (%s) (and %d others) cannot be used with preferred buffer type %s, using %s instead\n",
-                __func__, first_moved_tensor->name, ggml_type_name(first_moved_tensor->type), n_moved_tensors - 1,
-                ggml_backend_buft_name(first_moved_from_buft), ggml_backend_buft_name(first_moved_to_buft));
-        }
-    }
-
-    ml.done_getting_tensors();
-
-    ml.init_mappings(true, use_mlock ? &pimpl->mlock_mmaps : nullptr);
-    pimpl->mappings.reserve(ml.mappings.size());
-
-    // create the backend buffers
-    std::vector<std::pair<ggml_context *, llama_buf_map>> ctx_bufs;
-    ctx_bufs.reserve(ctx_map.size());
-
-    // Ensure we have enough capacity for the maximum backend buffer we will potentially create
-    const size_t n_max_backend_buffer = ctx_map.size() * ml.files.size();
-    pimpl->bufs.reserve(n_max_backend_buffer);
-
-    for (auto & it : ctx_map) {
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = it.first;
-        ggml_context * ctx              = it.second;
-
-        // skip contexts without tensors
-        if (ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx) == nullptr) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        llama_buf_map buf_map;
-        buf_map.reserve(n_max_backend_buffer);
-
-        // check if it is possible to use buffer_from_host_ptr with this buffer type
-        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
-        if (!dev) {
-            // FIXME: workaround for CPU backend buft having a NULL device
-            dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
-            if (!dev) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
-            }
-        }
-        ggml_backend_dev_props props;
-        ggml_backend_dev_get_props(dev, &props);
-        bool buffer_from_host_ptr_supported = props.caps.buffer_from_host_ptr;
-        bool is_default_buft = buft == ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev);
-
-        if (ml.use_mmap && use_mmap_buffer && buffer_from_host_ptr_supported && is_default_buft) {
-            for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < ml.files.size(); idx++) {
-                // only the mmap region containing the tensors in the model is mapped to the backend buffer
-                // this is important for metal with apple silicon: if the entire model could be mapped to a metal buffer, then we could just use metal for all layers
-                // this allows using partial offloading when the model size exceeds the metal buffer size, but not the RAM size
-                void * addr = nullptr;
-                size_t first, last; // NOLINT
-                ml.get_mapping_range(&first, &last, &addr, idx, ctx);
-                if (first >= last) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                const size_t max_size = ggml_get_max_tensor_size(ctx);
-                ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_from_host_ptr(dev, (char *) addr + first, last - first, max_size);
-                if (buf == nullptr) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error(format("unable to allocate %s buffer", ggml_backend_buft_name(buft)));
-                }
-                pimpl->bufs.emplace_back(buf);
-                buf_map.emplace(idx, buf);
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx, buft);
-            if (buf == nullptr) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("unable to allocate %s buffer", ggml_backend_buft_name(buft)));
-            }
-            pimpl->bufs.emplace_back(buf);
-            if (use_mlock && ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(buf)) {
-                pimpl->mlock_bufs.emplace_back(new llama_mlock);
-                auto & mlock_buf = pimpl->mlock_bufs.back();
-                mlock_buf->init   (ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf));
-                mlock_buf->grow_to(ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf));
-            }
-            for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < ml.files.size(); idx++) {
-                buf_map.emplace(idx, buf);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (pimpl->bufs.empty()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer");
-        }
-
-        for (auto & buf : buf_map) {
-            // indicate that this buffer contains weights
-            // this is used by ggml_backend_sched to improve op scheduling: ops that use a weight are preferably scheduled to the backend that contains the weight
-            ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(buf.second, GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS);
-        }
-
-        ctx_bufs.emplace_back(ctx, buf_map);
-    }
-
-    if (llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
-        const int n_gpu = std::min(n_gpu_layers, int(hparams.n_layer));
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: offloading %d repeating layers to GPU\n", __func__, n_gpu);
-        if (n_gpu_layers > (int) hparams.n_layer) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: offloading output layer to GPU\n", __func__);
-        }
-
-        const int max_backend_supported_layers = hparams.n_layer + 1;
-        const int max_offloadable_layers       = hparams.n_layer + 1;
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: offloaded %d/%d layers to GPU\n", __func__, std::min(n_gpu_layers, max_offloadable_layers), max_backend_supported_layers);
-    }
-
-    // print memory requirements per buffer type
-    for (auto & buf : pimpl->bufs) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %12s model buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf.get()), ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get()) / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-    }
-
-    // populate tensors_by_name
-    for (auto & ctx : pimpl->ctxs) {
-        for (auto * cur = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx.get()); cur != NULL; cur = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx.get(), cur)) {
-            tensors_by_name.emplace_back(ggml_get_name(cur), cur);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // load tensor data
-    for (auto & it : ctx_bufs) {
-        ggml_context * ctx = it.first;
-        auto & bufs = it.second;
-        if (!ml.load_all_data(ctx, bufs, use_mlock ? &pimpl->mlock_mmaps : NULL, params.progress_callback, params.progress_callback_user_data)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (use_mmap_buffer) {
-        for (auto & mapping : ml.mappings) {
-            pimpl->mappings.emplace_back(std::move(mapping));
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-std::string llama_model::arch_name() const {
-    return llm_arch_name(arch);
-}
-
-std::string llama_model::type_name() const {
-    return llm_type_name(type);
-}
-
-std::string llama_model::desc() const {
-    return pimpl->desc_str;
-}
-
-size_t llama_model::size() const {
-    return pimpl->n_bytes;
-}
-
-size_t llama_model::n_tensors() const {
-    return tensors_by_name.size();
-}
-
-size_t llama_model::n_devices() const {
-    return devices.size();
-}
-
-uint64_t llama_model::n_elements() const {
-    return pimpl->n_elements;
-}
-
-void llama_model::print_info() const {
-    const std::string rope_scaling_type = llama_rope_scaling_type_name(hparams.rope_scaling_type_train);
-
-    auto print_f = [](const std::function<uint32_t(uint32_t)> & f, uint32_t n) {
-        bool is_var = false;
-
-        std::vector<uint32_t> v;
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-            v.push_back(f(i));
-            if (v[i] != v[0]) {
-                is_var = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        std::stringstream ss;
-
-        if (is_var) {
-            ss << "[";
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                ss << v[i];
-                if (i < n - 1) {
-                    ss << ", ";
-                }
-            }
-            ss << "]";
-        } else {
-            ss << v[0];
-        }
-
-        return ss.str();
-    };
-
-    // hparams
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: arch             = %s\n",     __func__, arch_name().c_str());
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: vocab_only       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.vocab_only);
-
-    if (!hparams.vocab_only) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ctx_train      = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ctx_train);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd           = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer          = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_head           = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_head(il);    }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_head_kv        = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_head_kv(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_rot            = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_rot);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_swa            = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_swa);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: is_swa_any       = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.is_swa_any());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_k    = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_v    = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_v);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_gqa            = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_gqa(il);        }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_k_gqa     = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_v_gqa     = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_norm_eps       = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_norm_eps);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_norm_rms_eps   = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_clamp_kqv      = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_max_alibi_bias = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_logit_scale    = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_logit_scale);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_attn_scale     = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_attention_scale);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff             = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_ff(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert         = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_used    = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_used);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: causal attn      = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.causal_attn);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: pooling type     = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.pooling_type);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope type        = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.rope_type);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope scaling     = %s\n",     __func__, rope_scaling_type.c_str());
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_base_train  = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.rope_freq_base_train);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_scale_train = %g\n",     __func__, hparams.rope_freq_scale_train);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ctx_orig_yarn  = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope_finetuned   = %s\n",     __func__, hparams.rope_finetuned ? "yes" : "unknown");
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_d_conv       = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_d_conv);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_d_inner      = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_d_inner);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_d_state      = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_d_state);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_dt_rank      = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_dt_b_c_rms   = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_dt_b_c_rms);
-
-        if (!classifier_labels.empty()) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_cls_out        = %u\n", __func__, hparams.n_cls_out);
-
-            size_t i = 0;
-            for (auto label : classifier_labels) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: cls_label[%2zu]    = %s\n", __func__, i++, label.c_str());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model type       = %s\n",     __func__, type_name().c_str());
-    if (pimpl->n_elements >= 1e12) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params     = %.2f T\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-12);
-    } else if (pimpl->n_elements >= 1e9) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params     = %.2f B\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-9);
-    } else if (pimpl->n_elements >= 1e6) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params     = %.2f M\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-6);
-    } else {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params     = %.2f K\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-3);
-    }
-
-    // general kv
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: general.name     = %s\n",    __func__, name.c_str());
-
-    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer_dense_lead   = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp             = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_shared      = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_shared);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_scale = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_weights_scale);
-    }
-
-    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer_dense_lead   = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_lora_q             = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_lora_q);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_lora_kv            = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_lora_kv);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_k_mla    = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_v_mla    = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp             = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_shared      = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_shared);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_scale = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_weights_scale);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_norm  = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.expert_weights_norm);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_gating_func   = %s\n",     __func__, llama_expert_gating_func_name((llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func));
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope_yarn_log_mul    = %.4f\n",   __func__, hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul);
-    }
-
-    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp         = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_shexp       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_shexp);
-    }
-
-    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp         = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
-    }
-
-    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_MINICPM ||
-        arch == LLM_ARCH_GRANITE ||
-        arch == LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_embedding_scale = %f\n", __func__, hparams.f_embedding_scale);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_residual_scale  = %f\n", __func__, hparams.f_residual_scale);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_attention_scale = %f\n", __func__, hparams.f_attention_scale);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_shexp        = %d\n", __func__, hparams.n_ff_shexp);
-    }
-
-    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer_dense_lead   = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp             = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_shared      = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_shared);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_scale = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_weights_scale);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_norm  = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.expert_weights_norm);
-    }
-
-    vocab.print_info();
-}
-
-ggml_backend_dev_t llama_model::dev_layer(int il) const {
-    return pimpl->dev_layer.at(il).dev;
-}
-
-ggml_backend_dev_t llama_model::dev_output() const {
-    return pimpl->dev_output.dev;
-}
-
-template<typename F>
-static bool buft_supported(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, ggml_backend_dev_t dev, F & fn) {
-    ggml_init_params params = {
-        /*.mem_size   =*/ ggml_tensor_overhead()*8,
-        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
-        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
-    };
-
-    ggml_context_ptr ctx { ggml_init(params) };
-    if (!ctx) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
-    }
-
-    ggml_backend_buffer_ptr buf { ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, 0) };
-    ggml_tensor * op_tensor = fn(ctx.get());
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
-        if (op_tensor->src[i] != nullptr) {
-            assert(op_tensor->src[i]->buffer == nullptr);
-            op_tensor->src[i]->buffer = buf.get();
-        }
-    }
-
-    bool op_supported = ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(dev, op_tensor);
-
-    return op_supported;
-}
-
-template<typename F>
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t select_buft(const buft_list_t & buft_list, const F & fn) {
-    for (const auto & cur : buft_list) {
-        ggml_backend_dev_t cur_dev = cur.first;
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t cur_buft = cur.second;
-        if (buft_supported(cur_buft, cur_dev, fn)) {
-            return cur_buft;
-        }
-    }
-
-    throw std::runtime_error(format("no suitable buffer type found"));
-}
-
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t llama_model::select_buft(int il) const {
-    return ::select_buft(
-            *pimpl->dev_layer.at(il).buft_list,
-            [&](ggml_context * ctx) {
-                ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, hparams.n_embd);
-                ggml_tensor * layer_dir = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, hparams.n_embd);
-                return ggml_add(ctx, cur, layer_dir);
-            });
-}
-
-bool llama_model::has_tensor_overrides() const {
-    return pimpl->has_tensor_overrides;
-}
-
-const ggml_tensor * llama_model::get_tensor(const char * name) const {
-    auto it = std::find_if(tensors_by_name.begin(), tensors_by_name.end(),
-            [name](const std::pair<std::string, ggml_tensor *> & it) {
-                return it.first == name;
-            });
-    if (it == tensors_by_name.end()) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return it->second;
-}
-
-float llama_model::get_rope_freq_base (const llama_cparams & cparams, int il) const {
-    return hparams.is_swa(il) ? hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa : cparams.rope_freq_base;
-}
-
-float llama_model::get_rope_freq_scale(const llama_cparams & cparams, int il) const {
-    return hparams.is_swa(il) ? hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa : cparams.rope_freq_scale;
-}
-
-ggml_tensor * llama_model::get_rope_factors(const llama_cparams & cparams, int il) const {
-    const uint32_t n_ctx_per_seq = cparams.n_ctx / cparams.n_seq_max;
-
-    // choose long/short freq factors based on the context size
-    if (layers[il].rope_freqs != nullptr) {
-        return layers[il].rope_freqs;
-    }
-
-    if (n_ctx_per_seq > hparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn) {
-        return layers[il].rope_long;
-    }
-
-    return layers[il].rope_short;
-}
-
-struct llm_build_llama : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_llama(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
-            if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
-
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else {
-                // MoE branch
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
-                        false, 0.0,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                        il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_llama_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_llama_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        // temperature tuning
-        ggml_tensor * inp_attn_scale = nullptr;
-        inp_attn_scale = build_inp_attn_scale();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa();
-
-        const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            const bool use_rope = (il + 1) % hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step != 0;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                if (use_rope) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
-
-                    Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
-                } else if (inp_attn_scale) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Qcur, inp_attn_scale);
-                }
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                if (use_rope && hparams.use_kq_norm) {
-                    // Llama4TextL2Norm
-                    Qcur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                    Kcur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, Kcur, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
-                }
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
-            if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else {
-                ggml_tensor * ffn_inp_normed = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(ffn_inp_normed,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
-                        false, 0.0,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID,
-                        il);
-
-                // Shared experts
-                ggml_tensor * shexp_out = build_ffn(ffn_inp_normed,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(shexp_out, "ffn_moe_shexp", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, shexp_out);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out_merged", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_deci : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_deci(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-            const int64_t n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
-            const int64_t n_head    = hparams.n_head(il);
-            const int64_t n_ff      = hparams.n_ff(il);
-
-            if (n_head == 0) {
-                // attention-free layer of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-51B
-                cur = inpL;
-            } else {
-                // norm
-                cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-            }
-
-            if (n_head > 0 && n_head_kv == 0) {
-                // "linear attention" of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-51B
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wo", il);
-            } else if (n_head > 0) {
-                // self-attention
-                // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // FFN-free layer of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-Ultra-253B
-            if (n_ff == 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // modified to support attention-free layer of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-51B
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
-            if (n_head > 0) {
-                ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-                cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-            }
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_baichuan : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_baichuan(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = model.type == LLM_TYPE_7B ? build_inp_pos() : nullptr;
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                switch (model.type) {
-                    case LLM_TYPE_7B:
-                        Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                                ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                                );
-                        Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                                ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                                );
-                        break;
-                    case LLM_TYPE_13B:
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_xverse : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_xverse(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_falcon : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_falcon(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * attn_norm;
-
-            attn_norm = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(attn_norm, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_norm_2) {
-                    // Falcon-40B
-                    cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_norm_2,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_norm_2_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(cur, "attn_norm_2", il);
-                } else {
-                    cur = attn_norm;
-                }
-
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                // using mode = 2 for neox mode
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur       = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,       cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,      inpL, inp_out_ids);
-                attn_norm = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, attn_norm, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
-
-            // feed forward
-            {
-                cur = build_ffn(attn_norm, // !! use the attn norm, not the result
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        // norm
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_grok : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_grok(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // multiply by embedding_multiplier_scale of 78.38367176906169
-        inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, 78.38367176906169f);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // Grok
-            // if attn_out_norm is present then apply it before adding the input
-            if (model.layers[il].attn_out_norm) {
-                cur = build_norm(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_out_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_out_norm", il);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            // MoE branch
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                    nullptr,
-                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                    LLM_FFN_GELU, true,
-                    false, 0.0,
-                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                    il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-            // Grok
-            // if layer_out_norm is present then apply it before adding the input
-            // Idea: maybe ffn_out_norm is a better name
-            if (model.layers[il].layer_out_norm) {
-                cur = build_norm(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].layer_out_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "layer_out_norm", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        // Grok
-        // multiply logits by output_multiplier_scale of 0.5773502691896257
-
-        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 0.5773502691896257f);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_dbrx : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_dbrx(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
-
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, cur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv_clamped", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            // MoE branch
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_out_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_out_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                    nullptr,
-                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
-                    false, 0.0,
-                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                    il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_starcoder : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_starcoder(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * pos = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos);
-        cb(pos, "pos_embd", -1);
-
-        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, pos);
-        cb(inpL, "inpL", -1);
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // add the input
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_refact : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_refact(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_bert : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = nullptr;
-
-        if (model.arch != LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2) {
-            inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-        }
-
-        // construct input embeddings (token, type, position)
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // token types are hardcoded to zero ("Sentence A")
-        if (model.type_embd) {
-            ggml_tensor * type_row0 = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.type_embd, n_embd, 0);
-            inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, type_row0);
-        }
-        if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_BERT) {
-            inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos), inpL);
-        }
-        cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
-
-        // embed layer norm
-        inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.tok_norm, model.tok_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
-        cb(inpL, "inp_norm", -1);
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * cur = inpL;
-
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur;
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur;
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur;
-
-                // self-attention
-                if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
-                    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                    cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                    if (model.layers[il].bqkv) {
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                        cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-                    }
-
-                    Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-                } else {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur), model.layers[il].bq);
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur), model.layers[il].bk);
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur), model.layers[il].bv);
-                }
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
-                    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                }
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
-                    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                // RoPE
-                if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
-
-                    Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
-                }
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-                cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // re-add the layer input
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-
-            // attention layer norm
-            cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_out_norm, model.layers[il].attn_out_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
-
-            if (model.layers[il].attn_norm_2 != nullptr) {
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL); // re-add the layer input
-                cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_norm_2, model.layers[il].attn_norm_2_b, LLM_NORM, il);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            if (hparams.moe_every_n_layers > 0 && il % hparams.moe_every_n_layers == 1) {
-                // MoE branch
-                cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        hparams.n_expert,
-                        hparams.n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU,
-                        false, false,
-                        0.0f,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-            } else if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_BERT || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE) {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2) {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate ? LLM_FFN_GELU : LLM_FFN_GEGLU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            // attentions bypass the intermediate layer
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            // output layer norm
-            cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].layer_out_norm, model.layers[il].layer_out_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_neo_bert : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_neo_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        // construct input embeddings (token, type, position)
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-        cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * cur = inpL;
-
-            // pre-norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur;
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur;
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur;
-
-                // self-attention
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                // RoPE
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-                cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // re-add the layer input
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // pre-norm
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,
-                    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down,
-                    NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-
-            // attentions bypass the intermediate layer
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm_enc, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_bloom : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_bloom(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        inpL = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.tok_norm,
-                model.tok_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-        cb(inpL, "inp_norm", -1);
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // Add the input
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_mpt : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_mpt(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * pos;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        if (model.pos_embd) {
-            // inp_pos - contains the positions
-            ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-            pos = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos);
-            cb(pos, "pos_embd", -1);
-
-            inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, pos);
-            cb(inpL, "inpL", -1);
-        }
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * attn_norm;
-
-            attn_norm = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(attn_norm, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = attn_norm;
-
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                if (model.layers[il].bqkv){
-                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                    cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-                }
-
-                if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
-                    cur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, cur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
-                    cb(cur, "wqkv_clamped", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                // Q/K Layernorm
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
-                    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // Add the input
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed forward
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_act,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_stablelm : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_stablelm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = cur;
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
-                    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm,
-                            NULL,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
-                    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm,
-                            NULL,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  inpL, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                if (model.layers[il].ffn_norm) {
-                    cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-                } else {
-                    // parallel residual
-                    cur = inpSA;
-                }
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_qwen : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_qwen(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 2*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                // using mode = 2 for neox mode
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward forward
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_qwen2 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_qwen2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_qwen2vl : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_qwen2vl(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        int sections[4];
-        std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_qwen2moe : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_qwen2moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // MoE branch
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * moe_out =
-                build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
-                        false, 0.0,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                        il);
-            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-            // FFN shared expert
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * cur_gate_inp = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp_shexp, cur);
-                cb(cur_gate_inp, "ffn_shexp_gate_inp", il);
-
-                // sigmoid
-                ggml_tensor * cur_gate = ggml_div(ctx0, ggml_silu(ctx0, cur_gate_inp), cur_gate_inp);
-                cb(cur_gate, "ffn_shexp_gate", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * cur_ffn = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur_ffn, "ffn_shexp", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp_out = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur_ffn, cur_gate);
-                cb(ffn_shexp_out, "ffn_shexp_out", il);
-
-                moe_out = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp_out);
-                cb(moe_out, "ffn_out", il);
-
-                cur = moe_out;
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_qwen3 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_qwen3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_qwen3moe : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_qwen3moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // MoE branch
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * moe_out =
-                build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
-                        false, 0.0,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                        il);
-            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-            cur = moe_out;
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_phi2 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_phi2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * attn_norm_output;
-        ggml_tensor * ffn_output;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            attn_norm_output = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(attn_norm_output, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
-
-                if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
-                    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, attn_norm_output);
-                    cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                    cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                    Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-                } else {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bq);
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bk);
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bv);
-                }
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                // with phi2, we scale the Q to avoid precision issues
-                // ref: https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-examples/blob/08e862336ade809bc37d1035f94b359e7d1a5152/phi2/phi2.py#L64-L66
-                Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur              = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,              cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL             = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,             inpL, inp_out_ids);
-                attn_norm_output = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, attn_norm_output, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                ffn_output = build_ffn(attn_norm_output,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(ffn_output, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_output);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-        cb(cur, "result_output_no_bias", -1);
-
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-template<bool iswa>
-struct llm_build_phi3 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_phi3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        using inp_attn_type = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified_iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified>;
-        inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
-
-        if constexpr (iswa) {
-            inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa();
-        } else {
-            inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-        }
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            auto * residual = inpL;
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for 128k context
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-                ggml_tensor* attn_norm_output = build_norm(inpL,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(attn_norm_output, "attn_norm", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
-
-                if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
-                    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, attn_norm_output);
-                    cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                    Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd)));
-                    Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd)));
-                    Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-                } else {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bq);
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bk);
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bv);
-                }
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,      inp_out_ids);
-                residual = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, residual, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, residual);
-            residual = cur;
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else {
-                // MoE branch
-                cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
-                        false, 0.0,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                        il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, cur);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        if (model.output_b != nullptr) {
-            cb(cur, "result_output_no_bias", -1);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
-        }
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_plamo : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_plamo(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * sa_inp = cur;
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_embd_head, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_embd_head, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur    = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,    cur, inp_out_ids);
-                sa_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, sa_inp, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * sa_out = cur;
-
-            cur = sa_inp;
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_gpt2 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_gpt2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * pos;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        pos = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos);
-        cb(pos, "pos_embd", -1);
-
-        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, pos);
-        cb(inpL, "inpL", -1);
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // add the input
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_codeshell : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_codeshell(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // add the input
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_orion : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_orion(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                // if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                //     Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                //     cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                // }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                // if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                //     Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                //     cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                // }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                // if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                //     Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                //     cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                // }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_internlm2 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_internlm2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_minicpm3 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_minicpm3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        //TODO: if the model varies, these parameters need to be read from the model
-        const int64_t n_embd_base = 256;
-        const float scale_embd  = 12.0f;
-        const float scale_depth = 1.4f;
-        const float kq_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k));
-
-        const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot;
-        const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k - hparams.n_rot;
-        const uint32_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // scale the input embeddings
-        inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, scale_embd);
-        cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * q = NULL;
-                // {n_embd, q_lora_rank} * {n_embd, n_tokens} -> {q_lora_rank, n_tokens}
-                q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_a, cur);
-                cb(q, "q", il);
-
-                q = build_norm(q,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_q_a_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(q, "q", il);
-
-                // {q_lora_rank, n_head * hparams.n_embd_head_k} * {q_lora_rank, n_tokens} -> {n_head * hparams.n_embd_head_k, n_tokens}
-                q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_b, q);
-                cb(q, "q", il);
-
-                // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * q_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k * n_head),
-                        0);
-                cb(q_nope, "q_nope", il);
-
-                // and {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * q_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k * n_head),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
-                cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
-
-                // {n_embd, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope} * {n_embd, n_tokens} -> {kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * kv_pe_compresseed = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_a_mqa, cur);
-                cb(kv_pe_compresseed, "kv_pe_compresseed", il);
-
-                // split into {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * kv_compressed = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, kv_lora_rank, n_tokens,
-                        kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
-                        0);
-                cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
-
-                // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * k_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens,
-                        kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
-                        kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
-                        ggml_row_size(kv_pe_compresseed->type, kv_lora_rank));
-                cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
-
-                // TODO: the CUDA backend used to not support non-cont. (RMS) norm, investigate removing ggml_cont
-                kv_compressed = ggml_cont(ctx0, kv_compressed);
-                kv_compressed = build_norm(kv_compressed,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_kv_a_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
-
-                // {kv_lora_rank, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v)} * {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens} -> {n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v), n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * kv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_b, kv_compressed);
-                cb(kv, "kv", il);
-
-                // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * k_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v)),
-                        0);
-                cb(k_nope, "k_nope", il);
-
-                // and {n_head * n_embd_head_v, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * v_states = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, hparams.n_embd_head_v, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v)),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v)*n_head),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope)));
-                cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
-
-                v_states = ggml_cont(ctx0, v_states);
-                cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
-
-                v_states = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, v_states, hparams.n_embd_head_v * n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, hparams.n_embd_head_v * n_head),
-                        0);
-                cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
-
-                q_pe = ggml_cont(ctx0, q_pe); // TODO: the CUDA backend used to not support non-cont. RoPE, investigate removing this
-                q_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, q_pe, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-                cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
-
-                // shared RoPE key
-                k_pe = ggml_cont(ctx0, k_pe); // TODO: the CUDA backend used to not support non-cont. RoPE, investigate removing this
-                k_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, k_pe, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-                cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * q_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_nope, q_pe, 0);
-                cb(q_states, "q_states", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * k_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, k_nope, ggml_repeat(ctx0, k_pe, q_pe), 0);
-                cb(k_states, "k_states", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        q_states, k_states, v_states, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // scale_res - scale the hidden states for residual connection
-            const float scale_res = scale_depth/sqrtf(float(n_layer)); // TODO: is this correct?
-            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, scale_res);
-            cb(cur, "hidden_scaled", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            // scale the hidden states for residual connection
-            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, scale_res);
-            cb(cur, "hidden_scaled_ffn", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head scaling
-        const float scale_lmhead = float(n_embd_base)/float(n_embd);
-        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, scale_lmhead);
-        cb(cur, "lmhead_scaling", -1);
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_gemma : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_gemma(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, sqrtf(n_embd));
-        cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_scaled", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(sa_out,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_gemma2_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_gemma2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_k;
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, sqrtf(n_embd));
-        cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_attention_scale);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(sa_out,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", -1);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        // final logit soft-capping
-        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
-        cur = ggml_tanh(ctx0, cur);
-        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_gemma3_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_gemma3_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_k;
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // important: do not normalize weights for raw embeddings input (i.e. encoded image emdeddings)
-        if (ubatch.token) {
-            inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, sqrtf(n_embd));
-            cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
-        }
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        // TODO: is causal == true correct? might need some changes
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
-            const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
-
-                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                // ref: https://github.com/google/gemma_pytorch/blob/014acb7ac4563a5f77c76d7ff98f31b568c16508/gemma/model.py#L315
-                Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_attention_scale);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(sa_out,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", -1);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-// TODO: move up next to build_starcoder
-struct llm_build_starcoder2 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_starcoder2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_mamba : public llm_graph_context {
-    const llama_model & model;
-
-    llm_build_mamba(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params), model(model) {
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        // {n_embd, n_tokens}
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_mamba_layer(rs_inp, gf, cur, ubatch, il);
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // residual
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        // final rmsnorm
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-
-    // TODO: split
-    ggml_tensor * build_mamba_layer(
-        llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
-               ggml_cgraph * gf,
-               ggml_tensor * cur,
-        const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                       int   il) const {
-        const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
-
-        const auto kv_head = kv_state->get_head();
-
-        const int64_t d_conv  = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
-        const int64_t d_inner = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
-        const int64_t d_state = hparams.ssm_d_state;
-        const int64_t dt_rank = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
-        const int64_t n_seqs  = ubatch.n_seqs;
-        // Some variants of Mamba arch (e.g. FalconMamba do apply layer norm on B and Dt layers)
-        const bool ssm_dt_b_c_rms = hparams.ssm_dt_b_c_rms;
-        // Use the same RMS norm as the final layer norm
-        const float norm_rms_eps = hparams.f_norm_rms_eps;
-
-        const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
-        GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs);
-        GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
-
-        ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = kv_state->get_r_l(il);
-        ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all  = kv_state->get_s_l(il);
-
-        // (ab)using the KV cache to store the states
-        ggml_tensor * conv = build_rs(
-                inp, gf, conv_states_all,
-                hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
-        conv = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv, d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs);
-        ggml_tensor * ssm = build_rs(
-                inp, gf, ssm_states_all,
-                hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
-        ssm = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, ssm, d_state, d_inner, n_seqs);
-
-        // {n_embd, n_tokens} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
-        cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-
-        // {n_embd, 2*d_inner} @ {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {2*d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
-        ggml_tensor * xz = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_in, cur);
-        // split the above in two
-        // => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
-        ggml_tensor * x = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, xz, d_inner, xz->ne[1], xz->ne[2], xz->nb[1], xz->nb[2], 0);
-        ggml_tensor * z = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, xz, d_inner, xz->ne[1], xz->ne[2], xz->nb[1], xz->nb[2], d_inner*ggml_element_size(xz));
-
-        // conv
-        {
-            // => {d_conv - 1 + n_seq_tokens, d_inner, n_seqs}
-            ggml_tensor * conv_x = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv, ggml_transpose(ctx0, x), 0);
-
-            // copy last (d_conv - 1) columns back into the state cache
-            ggml_tensor * last_conv = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_x, d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs, conv_x->nb[1], conv_x->nb[2], n_seq_tokens*(conv_x->nb[0]));
-
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
-                ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv,
-                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_states_all,
-                        (d_conv - 1)*(d_inner)*(n_seqs),
-                        kv_head*(d_conv - 1)*(d_inner)*ggml_element_size(conv_states_all))));
-
-            // 1D convolution
-            // The equivalent is to make a self-overlapping view of conv_x
-            // over d_conv columns at each stride in the 3rd dimension,
-            // then element-wise multiply that with the conv1d weight,
-            // then sum the elements of each row,
-            // (the last two steps are a dot product over rows (also doable with mul_mat))
-            // then permute away the ne[0] dimension,
-            // and then you're left with the resulting x tensor.
-            // For simultaneous sequences, all sequences need to have the same length.
-            x = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_x, model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d);
-
-            // bias
-            x = ggml_add(ctx0, x, model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d_b);
-
-            x = ggml_silu(ctx0, x);
-        }
-
-        // ssm
-        {
-            // {d_inner, dt_rank + 2*d_state} @ {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {dt_rank + 2*d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
-            ggml_tensor * x_db = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_x, x);
-            // split
-            ggml_tensor * dt = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_db, dt_rank, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x_db->nb[1], x_db->nb[2], 0);
-            ggml_tensor * B  = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_db, d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x_db->nb[1], x_db->nb[2], ggml_element_size(x_db)*dt_rank);
-            ggml_tensor * C  = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_db, d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x_db->nb[1], x_db->nb[2], ggml_element_size(x_db)*(dt_rank+d_state));
-
-            // Some Mamba variants (e.g. FalconMamba) apply RMS norm in B, C & Dt layers
-            if (ssm_dt_b_c_rms) {
-                dt = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, dt, norm_rms_eps);
-                B = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, B, norm_rms_eps);
-                C = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, C, norm_rms_eps);
-            }
-
-            // {dt_rank, d_inner} @ {dt_rank, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
-            dt = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_dt, dt);
-            dt = ggml_add(ctx0, dt, model.layers[il].ssm_dt_b);
-
-            // Custom operator to optimize the parallel associative scan
-            // as described in the Annex D of the Mamba paper.
-            // => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} and {d_state, d_inner, n_seqs}
-            ggml_tensor * y_ssm = ggml_ssm_scan(ctx0, ssm, x, dt, model.layers[il].ssm_a, B, C);
-
-            // store last states
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
-                ggml_cpy(ctx0,
-                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, y_ssm, d_state*d_inner*n_seqs, x->nb[3]),
-                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, d_state*d_inner*n_seqs, kv_head*d_state*d_inner*ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
-
-            ggml_tensor * y = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, y_ssm, d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x->nb[1], x->nb[2], 0);
-
-            // TODO: skip computing output earlier for unused tokens
-
-            // {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} * {d_inner} => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
-            y = ggml_add(ctx0, y, ggml_mul(ctx0, x, model.layers[il].ssm_d));
-            y = ggml_mul(ctx0, y, ggml_silu(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, z)));
-
-            // {d_inner, n_embd} @ {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
-            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_out, y);
-        }
-
-        // {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_tokens}
-        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
-        //cb(cur, "mamba_out", il);
-
-        return cur;
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_command_r : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_command_r(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        const float f_logit_scale = hparams.f_logit_scale;
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
-                    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm,
-                            NULL,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
-                    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm,
-                            NULL,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,     cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL    = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,    inpL, inp_out_ids);
-                ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * attn_out = cur;
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_ffn(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            // add together residual + FFN + self-attention
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, attn_out);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        if (f_logit_scale) {
-            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, f_logit_scale);
-        }
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_cohere2_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_cohere2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        const float f_logit_scale = hparams.f_logit_scale;
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            const bool is_swa = hparams.is_swa(il);
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for 128k context
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                if (is_swa) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
-
-                    Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
-                }
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL    = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-                ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * attn_out = cur;
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_ffn(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_gate,
-                        NULL, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL, NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR,
-                        il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            // add together residual + FFN + self-attention
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, attn_out);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        if (f_logit_scale) {
-            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, f_logit_scale);
-        }
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-// ref: https://allenai.org/olmo
-// based on the original build_llama() function, changes:
-//   * non-parametric layer norm
-//   * clamp qkv
-//   * removed bias
-//   * removed MoE
-struct llm_build_olmo : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_olmo(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    NULL, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, Qcur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, Kcur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, Vcur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    NULL, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                NULL, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_olmo2 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_olmo2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            cur = inpL;
-
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
-
-                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_ffn(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", -1);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-// based on the build_qwen2moe() function, changes:
-//   * removed shared experts
-//   * removed bias
-//   * added q, k norm
-struct llm_build_olmoe : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_olmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
-
-                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // MoE branch
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                    nullptr,
-                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
-                    false, 0.0,
-                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                    il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_openelm : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_openelm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            const int64_t n_head    = hparams.n_head(il);
-            const int64_t n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
-            const int64_t n_head_qkv = 2*n_head_kv + n_head;
-
-            cur = inpL;
-            ggml_tensor * residual = cur;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_qkv, n_tokens);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, cur->nb[1], cur->nb[2], 0));
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], cur->nb[2], cur->nb[1]*n_head));
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], cur->nb[2], cur->nb[1]*(n_head+n_head_kv)));
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, NULL,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, NULL,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                residual = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, residual, inp_out_ids);
-                cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,      inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, cur);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        // norm
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_gptneox : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_gptneox(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // ffn
-            if (hparams.use_par_res) {
-                // attention and ffn are computed in parallel
-                // x = x + attn(ln1(x)) + ffn(ln2(x))
-
-                ggml_tensor * attn_out = cur;
-
-                cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, attn_out);
-
-                cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-                cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-                // input for next layer
-                inpL = cur;
-            } else {
-                // attention and ffn are computed sequentially
-                // x = x + attn(ln1(x))
-                // x = x + ffn(ln2(x))
-
-                ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-                cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-                cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-                cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-                // input for next layer
-                inpL = cur;
-            }
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_arctic : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_arctic(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(ffn_out, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            // MoE
-            cur = build_norm(inpSA,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_exps, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm_exps", il);
-
-            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                    nullptr,
-                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
-                    false, 0.0,
-                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                    il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_out);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_deepseek : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_deepseek(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            if ((uint32_t) il < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else {
-                // MoE branch
-                ggml_tensor * moe_out =
-                    build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                            nullptr,
-                            n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                            LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
-                            false, hparams.expert_weights_scale,
-                            LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                            il);
-                cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-                // FFN shared expert
-                {
-                    ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                            NULL,
-                            LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                    cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
-
-                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
-                    cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-                }
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_deepseek2 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_deepseek2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        bool is_lite = (hparams.n_layer == 27);
-
-        const bool is_mla = (hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla != 0 && hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla != 0);
-
-        // note: these are the actual head sizes you get when treating as MHA or after "decompression" using wv_b for MLA
-        const int64_t n_embd_head_k = is_mla ? hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla : hparams.n_embd_head_k;
-        const int64_t n_embd_head_v = is_mla ? hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla : hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot;
-        const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = n_embd_head_k - n_embd_head_qk_rope;
-
-        const uint32_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
-
-        // We have to pre-scale kq_scale and attn_factor to make the YaRN RoPE work correctly.
-        // See https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/7416 for detailed explanation.
-        const float mscale = attn_factor * (1.0f + hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul * logf(1.0f / freq_scale));
-        const float kq_scale = 1.0f*mscale*mscale/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_k));
-        const float attn_factor = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.1f * logf(1.0f / freq_scale));
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        // {n_embd, n_tokens}
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * q = NULL;
-                if (!is_lite) {
-                    q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_a, cur);
-                    cb(q, "q", il);
-
-                    q = build_norm(q,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_a_norm, nullptr,
-                            LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                    cb(q, "q", il);
-
-                    q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_b, q);
-                    cb(q, "q", il);
-                } else {
-                    q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                    cb(q, "q", il);
-                }
-
-                // split into {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * q_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q,
-                        n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k) * n_head,
-                        0);
-                cb(q_nope, "q_nope", il);
-
-                // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * q_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q,
-                        n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k) * n_head,
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
-                cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * kv_cmpr_pe = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_a_mqa, cur);
-                cb(kv_cmpr_pe, "kv_cmpr_pe", il);
-
-                // split into {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * kv_cmpr = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_cmpr_pe,
-                        kv_lora_rank, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope),
-                        0);
-                cb(kv_cmpr, "kv_cmpr", il);
-
-                // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * k_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv_cmpr_pe,
-                        n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank));
-                cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
-
-                q_pe = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, q_pe, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                );
-                cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
-
-                k_pe = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, k_pe, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                );
-                cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
-
-                kv_cmpr = build_norm(kv_cmpr,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_kv_a_norm, nullptr,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(kv_cmpr, "kv_cmpr", il);
-
-                if (is_mla) {
-                    // {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens, n_head}
-                    q_nope = ggml_permute(ctx0, q_nope, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-                    cb(q_nope, "q_nope_perm", il);
-
-                    // {n_embd_head_qk_nope, kv_lora_rank, n_head} x {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens, n_head}
-                    ggml_tensor * q_nope_absorbed = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wk_b, q_nope);
-                    cb(q_nope_absorbed, "q_nope_absorbed", il);
-
-                    // {kv_lora_rank, n_head, n_tokens}
-                    q_nope_absorbed = ggml_permute(ctx0, q_nope_absorbed, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-                    cb(q_nope_absorbed, "q_nope_absorbed_perm", il);
-
-                    // {n_embd_head_qk_rope + kv_lora_rank, n_head, n_tokens}
-                    // note: rope must go first for in-place context shifting in build_rope_shift()
-                    ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_pe, q_nope_absorbed, 0);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                    kv_cmpr = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, kv_cmpr, kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens);
-                    cb(kv_cmpr, "kv_cmpr_reshape", il);
-
-                    // {n_embd_head_qk_rope + kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens}
-                    ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, k_pe, kv_cmpr, 0);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                    // {kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens}
-                    ggml_tensor * Vcur = kv_cmpr;
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                    // note: MLA with the absorption optimzation converts into MQA (ie: GQA with 1 group)
-                    cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                            model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                            Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, model.layers[il].wv_b, kq_scale, il);
-                } else {
-                    ggml_tensor * kv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_b, kv_cmpr);
-                    cb(kv, "kv", il);
-
-                    // split into {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens}
-                    ggml_tensor * k_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv,
-                            n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                            ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v),
-                            ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v) * n_head,
-                            0);
-                    cb(k_nope, "k_nope_view", il);
-
-                    // and {n_embd_head_v, n_head, n_tokens}
-                    ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv,
-                            n_embd_head_v, n_head, n_tokens,
-                            ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v),
-                            ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v) * n_head,
-                            ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur_view", il);
-
-                    Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, Vcur);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur_cont", il);
-
-                    // note: rope must go first for in-place context shifting in build_rope_shift()
-                    ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_pe, q_nope, 0);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                    ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, ggml_repeat(ctx0, k_pe, q_pe), k_nope, 0);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                    // note: MLA without the absorption optimization converts into MHA (ie: GQA with full n_head groups)
-                    cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                            model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                            Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            if ((uint32_t) il < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else {
-                // MoE branch
-                ggml_tensor * moe_out =
-                    build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
-                            n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                            LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
-                            true, hparams.expert_weights_scale,
-                            (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
-                            il);
-                cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-                // FFN shared expert
-                {
-                    ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                            NULL,
-                            LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                    cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
-
-                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
-                    cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-                }
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_bitnet : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_bitnet(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                if (model.layers[il].wq_scale) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].wq_scale);
-                }
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                // B1.K
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                if (model.layers[il].wk_scale) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].wk_scale);
-                }
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                // B1.V
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                if (model.layers[il].wv_scale) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].wv_scale);
-                }
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        NULL, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-
-                cur = build_norm(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_sub_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_sub_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur);
-                if (model.layers[il].wo_scale) {
-                    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].wo_scale);
-                }
-                if (model.layers[il].bo) {
-                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bo);
-                }
-                cb(cur, "attn_o_out", il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward forward
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_up_scale,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_scale,
-                    NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_sub_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_sub_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_sub_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_down, cur);
-            if (model.layers[il].ffn_down_scale) {
-                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].ffn_down_scale);
-            }
-            cb(cur, "ffn_down", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        // FIXME: do not use model.tok_embd directly, duplicate as model.output
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.tok_embd, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_t5_enc : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_t5_enc(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        ggml_tensor * pos_bucket_enc = build_inp_pos_bucket_enc();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_enc, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq_enc, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk_enc, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv_enc, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                ggml_tensor * attn_rel_b = model.layers[il].attn_rel_b_enc ? model.layers[il].attn_rel_b_enc : model.layers[0].attn_rel_b_enc;
-                ggml_tensor * kq_b = build_pos_bias(pos_bucket_enc, attn_rel_b);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo_enc, nullptr,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, kq_b, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-                cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_enc, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                // T5 uses relu, flan-T5 uses gelu-gated
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_enc,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_enc, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc ? LLM_FFN_GELU : LLM_FFN_RELU,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc ? LLM_FFN_PAR  : LLM_FFN_SEQ,
-                        il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-        cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm_enc, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_t5_dec : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_t5_dec(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        //const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        ggml_tensor * embd_enc       = build_inp_cross_embd();
-        ggml_tensor * pos_bucket_dec = build_inp_pos_bucket_dec();
-
-        const int64_t n_outputs_enc = embd_enc->ne[1];
-
-        auto * inp_attn_self  = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-        auto * inp_attn_cross = build_attn_inp_cross();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                ggml_tensor * attn_rel_b = model.layers[il].attn_rel_b ? model.layers[il].attn_rel_b : model.layers[0].attn_rel_b;
-                ggml_tensor * kq_b = build_pos_bias(pos_bucket_dec, attn_rel_b);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn_self, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, kq_b, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-                cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(cur, "cross_inp", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * inpCA = cur;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_cross, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm_cross", il);
-
-            // cross-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq_cross, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk_cross, embd_enc);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv_cross, embd_enc);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_outputs_enc);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_outputs_enc);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn_cross, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo_cross, nullptr,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
-                cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
-
-                //ggml_tensor * q =                 ggml_permute(ctx0, Qcur, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-                //ggml_tensor * k = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, Kcur, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-
-                //ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, k, q);
-                //cb(kq, "kq", il);
-
-                //kq = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx0, kq, KQ_mask_cross, 1.0f, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
-                //cb(kq, "kq_soft_max_ext", il);
-
-                //ggml_tensor * v = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_gqa, n_outputs_enc)));
-                //cb(v, "v", il);
-
-                //ggml_tensor * kqv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, v, n_outputs_enc, n_embd_head, n_head_kv), kq);
-                //cb(kqv, "kqv", il);
-
-                //ggml_tensor * kqv_merged = ggml_permute(ctx0, kqv, 0, 2, 1, 3);
-                //cb(kqv_merged, "kqv_merged", il);
-
-                //cur = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, kqv_merged, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens);
-                //cb(cur, "kqv_merged_cont", il);
-
-                //ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-
-                //cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo_cross, cur);
-                //cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpCA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpCA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpCA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                // T5 uses relu, flan-T5 uses gelu-gated
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc ? LLM_FFN_GELU : LLM_FFN_RELU,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc ? LLM_FFN_PAR : LLM_FFN_SEQ,
-                        il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-        cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_jais : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_jais(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*cur->nb[0]*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*cur->nb[0]*(n_embd)));
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*cur->nb[0]*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/float(n_embd_head), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // add the input
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                        LLM_NORM, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            }
-
-            inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(inpL, "l_out", il);
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_chatglm : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_chatglm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
-
-                if (model.layers[il].wqkv == nullptr) {
-                    Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                        Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    }
-                    Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                        Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    }
-                    Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                        Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                    cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bqkv) {
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                        cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-                    }
-                    Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                //printf("freq_base: %f freq_scale: %f ext_factor: %f attn_factor: %f\n", freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor);
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // Add the input
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            }
-
-            inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(inpL, "l_out", il);
-        }
-
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_glm4 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_glm4(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-        const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // Pre-attention norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
-
-                if (model.layers[il].wqkv == nullptr) {
-                    Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                        Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    }
-                    Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                        Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    }
-                    Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                        Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
-                    cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
-                    if (model.layers[il].bqkv) {
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
-                        cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
-                    }
-                    Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
-                    Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // Post-attention norm (new!)
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_post_norm,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "post_attn_norm", il);
-
-            // Add the input (residual connection after post-attention norm)
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // FF
-            {
-                // Pre-MLP norm
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                // MLP
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-                // Post-MLP norm
-                cur = build_norm(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "post_mlp_norm", il);
-            }
-
-            // Add residual connection after post-MLP norm
-            inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(inpL, "l_out", il);
-        }
-
-        // Final norm
-        cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                model.output_norm,
-                NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // Output projection
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_nemotron : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_nemotron(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        //GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_exaone : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_exaone(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_rwkv6_base : public llm_graph_context {
-    const llama_model & model;
-
-    llm_build_rwkv6_base(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params), model(model) {
-    }
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv6_channel_mix(
-            const llama_layer * layer,
-            ggml_tensor * cur,
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev,
-            llm_arch arch) const {
-        ggml_tensor * sx = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
-        switch (arch) {
-            case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6:
+            case LLM_ARCH_AFMOE:
                 {
-                    ggml_tensor * xk = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer->channel_mix_lerp_k), cur);
-                    ggml_tensor * xr = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer->channel_mix_lerp_r), cur);
-
-                    ggml_tensor * r = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_receptance, xr));
-                    ggml_tensor * k = ggml_sqr(
-                            ctx0,
-                            ggml_relu(
-                                ctx0,
-                                build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_key, xk)
-                                )
-                            );
-                    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, r, build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_value, k));
-                } break;
-            default:
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-        }
-
-        return cur;
-    }
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv6_time_mix(
-            llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-            ggml_tensor * cur,
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev,
-            const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-            int   il) const {
-        const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
-
-        const auto n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
-        const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
-        const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
-        const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
-        const auto head_size = hparams.wkv_head_size;
-        const auto n_head = n_embd / head_size;
-        const auto n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
-
-        const auto kv_head = kv_state->get_head();
-
-        const auto & layer = model.layers[il];
-
-        bool is_qrwkv = layer.time_mix_first == nullptr;
-
-        ggml_tensor * sx = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
-
-        sx  = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, sx,  n_embd, n_tokens);
-        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
-
-        ggml_tensor * xxx = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer.time_mix_lerp_x), cur);
-
-        xxx = ggml_reshape_4d(
-                ctx0,
-                ggml_tanh(
-                    ctx0,
-                    ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_w1, xxx)
-                    ),
-                layer.time_mix_w1->ne[1] / 5, 1, 5, n_tokens
-                );
-
-        xxx = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, xxx, 0, 1, 3, 2));
-
-        xxx = ggml_mul_mat(
-                ctx0,
-                ggml_reshape_4d(
-                    ctx0,
-                    layer.time_mix_w2,
-                    layer.time_mix_w2->ne[0], layer.time_mix_w2->ne[1], 1, 5
-                    ),
-                xxx
-                );
-
-        ggml_tensor *xw, *xk, *xv, *xr, *xg;
-        if (layer.time_mix_lerp_fused) {
-            // fusing these weights makes some performance improvement
-            sx  = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, sx,  n_embd, 1, n_tokens);
-            cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, 1, n_tokens);
-            xxx = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xxx, layer.time_mix_lerp_fused), sx), cur);
-            xw = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], 0);
-            xk = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
-            xv = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 2 * sizeof(float));
-            xr = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 3 * sizeof(float));
-            xg = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 4 * sizeof(float));
-        } else {
-            // for backward compatibility
-            xw = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], 0);
-            xk = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
-            xv = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 2 * sizeof(float));
-            xr = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 3 * sizeof(float));
-            xg = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 4 * sizeof(float));
-
-            xw = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xw, layer.time_mix_lerp_w), sx), cur);
-            xk = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xk, layer.time_mix_lerp_k), sx), cur);
-            xv = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xv, layer.time_mix_lerp_v), sx), cur);
-            xr = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xr, layer.time_mix_lerp_r), sx), cur);
-            xg = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xg, layer.time_mix_lerp_g), sx), cur);
-        }
-
-        ggml_tensor * r = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_receptance, xr);
-        ggml_tensor * k = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_key,        xk);
-        ggml_tensor * v = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_value,      xv);
-        if (layer.time_mix_receptance_b) {
-            r = ggml_add(ctx0, r, layer.time_mix_receptance_b);
-        }
-        if (layer.time_mix_key_b) {
-            k = ggml_add(ctx0, k, layer.time_mix_key_b);
-        }
-        if (layer.time_mix_value_b) {
-            v = ggml_add(ctx0, v, layer.time_mix_value_b);
-        }
-
-        ggml_tensor * g = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_gate, xg);
-        if (is_qrwkv) {
-            g = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, g);
-        } else {
-            g = ggml_silu(ctx0, g);
-        }
-
-        if (n_head_kv != 0 && n_head_kv != n_head) {
-            GGML_ASSERT(n_head % n_head_kv == 0);
-            k = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, k, head_size, 1, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-            v = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, v, head_size, 1, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-            ggml_tensor * tmp = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, head_size, n_head / n_head_kv, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-            k = ggml_repeat(ctx0, k, tmp);
-            v = ggml_repeat(ctx0, v, tmp);
-        }
-
-        k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, k, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
-        v = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, v, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
-        r = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, r, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
-
-        ggml_tensor * w = ggml_mul_mat(
-                ctx0,
-                layer.time_mix_decay_w2,
-                ggml_tanh(
-                    ctx0,
-                    ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_decay_w1, xw)
-                    )
-                );
-
-        w = ggml_add(ctx0, w, layer.time_mix_decay);
-        w = ggml_exp(ctx0, ggml_neg(ctx0, ggml_exp(ctx0, w)));
-        w = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, w, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
-
-        if (is_qrwkv) {
-            // k = k * (1 - w)
-            k = ggml_sub(ctx0, k, ggml_mul(ctx0, k, w));
-        }
-
-        ggml_tensor * wkv_state = build_rs(
-                inp, gf, kv_state->get_s_l(il),
-                hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
-
-        ggml_tensor * wkv_output;
-        if (is_qrwkv) {
-            wkv_output = ggml_gated_linear_attn(ctx0, k, v, r, w, wkv_state, pow(head_size, -0.5f));
-        } else {
-            wkv_output = ggml_rwkv_wkv6(ctx0, k, v, r, layer.time_mix_first, w, wkv_state);
-        }
-        cur = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * n_tokens, 0);
-        wkv_state = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * head_size * n_seqs, n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(
-                gf,
-                ggml_cpy(
-                    ctx0,
-                    wkv_state,
-                    ggml_view_1d(
-                        ctx0,
-                        kv_state->get_s_l(il),
-                        hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
-                        hparams.n_embd_s() * kv_head * ggml_element_size(kv_state->get_s_l(il))
-                        )
-                    )
-                );
-
-        if (!is_qrwkv) {
-            // group norm with head_count groups
-            cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd / n_head, n_head, n_tokens);
-            cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, 64e-5f);
-
-            // Convert back to regular vectors.
-            cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.time_mix_ln), layer.time_mix_ln_b);
-        } else {
-            cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
-        }
-
-        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, g);
-        cur = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_output, cur);
-
-        return ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-    }
-};
-
-struct llm_build_rwkv6 : public llm_build_rwkv6_base {
-    llm_build_rwkv6(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_build_rwkv6_base(model, params) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.token_shift_count == 2);
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-        inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.tok_norm, model.tok_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
-
-        const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
-        const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
-        const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
-            inpL = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-
-            ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, gf, ubatch, il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * att_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1], token_shift->nb[2], 0);
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1], token_shift->nb[2], n_embd * ggml_element_size(token_shift));
-
-            ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
-                    ctx0,
-                    att_shift,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0),
-                    1
-                    );
-
-            cur = build_rwkv6_time_mix(rs_inp, gf, att_norm, x_prev, ubatch, il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_norm = build_norm(ffn_inp, layer->attn_norm_2, layer->attn_norm_2_b, LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(ffn_norm, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            x_prev = ggml_concat(
-                    ctx0,
-                    ffn_shift,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2], 0),
-                    1
-                    );
-
-            token_shift = ggml_concat(ctx0,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(att_norm)),
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(ffn_norm)),
-                    1
-                    );
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
-
-            ffn_inp  = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp,  n_embd, n_tokens);
-            ffn_norm = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_tokens);
-            x_prev   = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, x_prev,   n_embd, n_tokens);
-            cur      = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur,      n_embd, n_tokens);
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                ffn_inp  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp,  inp_out_ids);
-                ffn_norm = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_norm, inp_out_ids);
-                x_prev   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, x_prev,   inp_out_ids);
-                cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,      inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            cur = build_rwkv6_channel_mix(layer, ffn_norm, x_prev, LLM_ARCH_RWKV6);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            if (hparams.rescale_every_n_layers != 0 && (il + 1) % hparams.rescale_every_n_layers == 0) {
-                cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 0.5F);
-            }
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
-
-        cur = inpL;
-        cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
-
-// ref: https://huggingface.co/recursal/QRWKV6-32B-Instruct-Preview-v0.1/blob/main/modeling_rwkv6qwen2.py
-struct llm_build_rwkv6qwen2 : public llm_build_rwkv6_base {
-    llm_build_rwkv6qwen2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_build_rwkv6_base(model, params) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd == hparams.n_embd_r());
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
-
-        const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
-        const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
-        const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
-            inpL = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-
-            ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, gf, ubatch, il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
-                    ctx0,
-                    token_shift,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0),
-                    1
-                    );
-
-            cur = build_rwkv6_time_mix(rs_inp, gf, att_norm, x_prev, ubatch, il);
-
-            token_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(att_norm));
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            cur     = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur,     n_embd, n_tokens);
-            ffn_inp = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp, n_embd, n_tokens);
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,     inp_out_ids);
-                ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
-            }
-
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-        cur = inpL;
-        cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                    const int64_t n_expert_shared = hparams.n_expert_shared;
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+                        // dual attention normalization
+                        layer.attn_norm      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,      "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+                        // attention projections
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
+                        // Q/K normalization
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
 
-struct llm_build_rwkv7_base : public llm_graph_context {
-    const llama_model & model;
+                        // attention gating
+                        layer.wqkv_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
 
-    llm_build_rwkv7_base(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params), model(model) {
-    }
+                        // dual ffn normalization
+                        layer.ffn_norm      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,      "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv7_channel_mix(
-            const llama_layer * layer,
-            ggml_tensor * cur,
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev,
-            llm_arch arch) const {
-        ggml_tensor * sx = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
-        switch (arch) {
-            case LLM_ARCH_RWKV7:
+                        if (static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+                            // MoE layers
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, 0);
+
+                            // grouped expert weights
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+
+                            // shared expert
+                            if (n_expert_shared > 0) {
+                                const int64_t n_ff_shexp = n_ff_exp * n_expert_shared;
+                                layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_ff_shexp, n_embd}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            // Dense layers
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5:
+            case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE:
+            case LLM_ARCH_PADDLEOCR:
                 {
-                    ggml_tensor * xk = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer->channel_mix_lerp_k), cur);
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-                    ggml_tensor * k = ggml_sqr(
-                        ctx0,
-                        ggml_relu(
-                            ctx0,
-                            build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_key, xk)
-                        )
-                    );
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-                    cur = build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_value, k);
-                } break;
-            default:
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-        }
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        return cur;
-    }
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv7_time_mix(
-            llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-            ggml_tensor * cur,
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev,
-            ggml_tensor *& first_layer_value,
-            const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-            int   il) const {
-        const auto * kv_state = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
-
-        const auto n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
-        const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
-        const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
-        const auto head_size = hparams.wkv_head_size;
-        const auto head_count = n_embd / head_size;
-        const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
-
-        const auto kv_head = kv_state->get_head();
-
-        const auto & layer = model.layers[il];
-
-        bool has_gating = layer.time_mix_g1 && layer.time_mix_g2;
-
-        ggml_tensor * sx = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
-        ggml_tensor * dummy = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, has_gating ? 6 : 5);
-        sx = ggml_repeat(ctx0, sx, dummy);
-
-        ggml_tensor * xxx = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer.time_mix_lerp_fused), cur);
-
-        ggml_tensor * xr = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], 0);
-        ggml_tensor * xw = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
-        ggml_tensor * xk = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 2 * sizeof(float));
-        ggml_tensor * xv = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 3 * sizeof(float));
-        ggml_tensor * xa = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 4 * sizeof(float));
-        ggml_tensor * xg = has_gating ? ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 5 * sizeof(float)) : nullptr;
-
-        ggml_tensor * r = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_receptance, xr);
-        ggml_tensor * w = ggml_add(
-            ctx0,
-            ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_w2, ggml_tanh(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_w1, xw))),
-            layer.time_mix_w0
-        );
-        w = ggml_exp(ctx0, ggml_scale(ctx0, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, w), -0.606531));
-
-        ggml_tensor * k = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_key, xk);
-        ggml_tensor * v = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_value, xv);
-        if (first_layer_value == nullptr) {
-            first_layer_value = v;
-        } else {
-            // Add the first layer value as a residual connection.
-            v = ggml_add(ctx0, v,
-                ggml_mul(ctx0,
-                    ggml_sub(ctx0, first_layer_value, v),
-                    ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0,
-                            ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_v2, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_v1, xv)),
-                            layer.time_mix_v0
-                        )
-                    )
-                )
-            );
-        }
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-        ggml_tensor * g = nullptr;
-        if (layer.time_mix_g1 && layer.time_mix_g2) {
-            g = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_g2, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_g1, xg)));
-        }
+                        // optional bias tensors
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd},     TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd},     TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-        ggml_tensor * a = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0,
-            ggml_add(
-                ctx0,
-                ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_a2, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_a1, xa)),
-                layer.time_mix_a0
-            )
-        );
-
-        ggml_tensor * kk = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, k, layer.time_mix_k_k), head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
-        kk = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, kk, 1e-12);
-
-        ggml_tensor * ka = ggml_mul(ctx0, k, layer.time_mix_k_a);
-        k = ggml_add(ctx0, k, ggml_sub(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, a, ka), ka));
-
-        r = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, r, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
-        w = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, w, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
-        k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, k, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
-        v = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, v, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
-        a = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, a, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
-
-        ggml_tensor * wkv_state = build_rs(
-                inp, gf, kv_state->get_s_l(il),
-                hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
-
-        ggml_tensor * wkv_output = ggml_rwkv_wkv7(ctx0, r, w, k, v, ggml_neg(ctx0, kk), ggml_mul(ctx0, kk, a), wkv_state);
-        cur = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * n_tokens, 0);
-        wkv_state = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * head_size * n_seqs, n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
-
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(
-                gf,
-                ggml_cpy(
-                    ctx0,
-                    wkv_state,
-                    ggml_view_1d(
-                        ctx0,
-                        kv_state->get_s_l(il),
-                        hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
-                        hparams.n_embd_s() * kv_head * ggml_element_size(kv_state->get_s_l(il))
-                        )
-                    )
-                );
-
-        if (layer.time_mix_ln && layer.time_mix_ln_b) {
-            // group norm with head_count groups
-            cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd / head_count, head_count, n_tokens);
-            cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, 64e-5f);
-
-            // Convert back to regular vectors.
-            cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.time_mix_ln), layer.time_mix_ln_b);
-        } else {
-            cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
-        }
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        ggml_tensor * rk = ggml_sum_rows(ctx0,
-                ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, k, r), ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, layer.time_mix_r_k, head_size, head_count)));
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, v, rk), n_embd, n_tokens));
+                        if (arch == LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE && static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) { // MoE layers
+                            int n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
 
-        if (has_gating) {
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, g);
-        }
-        cur = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_output, cur);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff_exp, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
 
-        return ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
-    }
-};
+                            // Shared expert (if present)
+                            if (hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0) {
+                                layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {    n_embd, hparams.n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {hparams.n_ff_shexp, n_embd    }, 0);
+                                layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {    n_embd, hparams.n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                            }
+                        } else { // Dense layers
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1:
+                {
+                    // Common
+                    const int64_t hidden_size = hparams.n_embd; // hidden_size
 
-struct llm_build_rwkv7 : public llm_build_rwkv7_base {
-    llm_build_rwkv7(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_build_rwkv7_base(model, params) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.token_shift_count == 2);
+                    // mamba2 Mixer SSM params
+                    const int64_t ssm_conv_kernel_size  = hparams.ssm_d_conv; // ssm_conv_kernel_size
+                    const int64_t ssm_n_groups          = hparams.ssm_n_group; // ssm_n_groups
+                    const int64_t ssm_state_size        = hparams.ssm_d_state; // ssm_state_size
+                    const int64_t ssm_intermediate_size = hparams.ssm_d_inner; // TODO expand
+                    const int64_t ssm_num_heads         = hparams.ssm_dt_rank; // ssm_num_heads
+                    const int64_t ssm_conv_dim          = ssm_intermediate_size + 2 * ssm_n_groups * ssm_state_size;
+                    const int64_t ssm_projection_size   = ssm_intermediate_size + ssm_conv_dim + ssm_num_heads;
 
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-        ggml_tensor * v_first = nullptr;
+                    // attn params
+                    const int64_t attn_num_attention_head = hparams.n_head(0); // rename to: attn_num_attention_head
+                    const int64_t attn_num_key_value_head = hparams.n_head_kv(0);
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-        inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.tok_norm, model.tok_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+                    // ffn params
+                    const int64_t ffn_intermediate_size = hparams.n_ff(0);
 
-        auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
+                    // embeddings
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {hidden_size, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
-        const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
-        const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
+                    // output
+                    output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), {hidden_size, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {hidden_size}, 0);
 
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {hidden_size, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
-            inpL = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, gf, ubatch, il);
+                        /*SSM LAYERS*/
+                        // ssm in
+                        layer.ssm_in = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN, "weight", i), {hidden_size, ssm_projection_size}, 0);
+                        // ssm 1d conv
+                        layer.ssm_conv1d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "weight", i), {ssm_conv_kernel_size, ssm_conv_dim}, 0);
+                        layer.ssm_conv1d_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D, "bias", i), {ssm_conv_dim}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        // ssm_dt
+                        layer.ssm_dt_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "bias", i), {ssm_num_heads}, 0);
+                        // no "weight" suffix for these
+                        layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {1, ssm_num_heads}, 0);
+                        layer.ssm_d = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D, i), {1, ssm_num_heads}, 0);
+                        // ssm_norm
+                        layer.ssm_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM, "weight", i), {ssm_intermediate_size / ssm_n_groups, ssm_n_groups}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        // out_proj
+                        layer.ssm_out = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "weight", i), {ssm_intermediate_size, hidden_size}, 0);
+
+                        /*ATTENTION LAYERS*/
+                        // attention layers (with optional bias)
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {hidden_size, n_embd_head_k * attn_num_attention_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {hidden_size, attn_num_key_value_head * n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {hidden_size, attn_num_key_value_head * n_embd_head_v}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * attn_num_attention_head, hidden_size}, 0);
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {hidden_size}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {attn_num_key_value_head * n_embd_head_k}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {attn_num_key_value_head * n_embd_head_v}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {hidden_size}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {hidden_size}, 0);
+
+
+                        // feed forward (w/ optional biases)
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, i), {hidden_size}, 0);
+                        layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {hidden_size,   ffn_intermediate_size}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  ffn_intermediate_size, hidden_size}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {hidden_size,   ffn_intermediate_size}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * att_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1], token_shift->nb[2], 0);
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1], token_shift->nb[2], n_embd * ggml_element_size(token_shift));
+                        layer.ffn_gate_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "bias", i), {ffn_intermediate_size}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i), {hidden_size}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "bias", i), {ffn_intermediate_size}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_MOE:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
-                    ctx0,
-                    att_shift,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0),
-                    1
-                    );
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+                        const uint32_t n_ff_shexp = hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0 ? hparams.n_ff_shexp : hparams.n_ff(i);
 
-            cur = build_rwkv7_time_mix(rs_inp, gf, att_norm, x_prev, v_first, ubatch, il);
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_norm = build_norm(ffn_inp, layer->attn_norm_2, layer->attn_norm_2_b, LLM_NORM, il);
-            cb(ffn_norm, "ffn_norm", il);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
 
-            x_prev = ggml_concat(
-                    ctx0,
-                    ffn_shift,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2], 0),
-                    1
-                    );
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            token_shift = ggml_concat(ctx0,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(att_norm)),
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(ffn_norm)),
-                    1
-                    );
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff, n_expert}, 0);
 
-            ffn_inp  = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp,  n_embd, n_tokens);
-            ffn_norm = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_tokens);
-            x_prev   = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, x_prev,   n_embd, n_tokens);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_ff_shexp, n_embd}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_DENSE:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                ffn_inp  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp,  inp_out_ids);
-                ffn_norm = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_norm, inp_out_ids);
-                x_prev   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, x_prev,   inp_out_ids);
-            }
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-            cur = build_rwkv7_channel_mix(layer, ffn_norm, x_prev, LLM_ARCH_RWKV7);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-        cur = inpL;
-        cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_SMOLLM3:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-struct llm_build_arwkv7 : public llm_build_rwkv7_base {
-    llm_build_arwkv7(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_build_rwkv7_base(model, params) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd == hparams.n_embd_r());
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-        ggml_tensor * v_first = nullptr;
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-        auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE:
+                {
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
 
-        const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
-        const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
-        const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
-            inpL = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, gf, ubatch, il);
+                        layer.attn_norm      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,      "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_head * n_rot}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_head_kv * n_rot}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_head_kv * n_rot}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_head * n_rot, n_embd}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
-                    ctx0,
-                    token_shift,
-                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0),
-                    1
-                    );
+                        layer.attn_sinks = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS, "weight", i), {n_head}, 0);
 
-            cur = build_rwkv7_time_mix(rs_inp, gf, att_norm, x_prev, v_first, ubatch, il);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
 
-            token_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(att_norm));
-            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
+                        // bias
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_head * n_rot}, 0);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_head_kv * n_rot}, 0);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_head_kv * n_rot}, 0);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp_b  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "bias", i), {n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "bias", i), {n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "bias", i), {  n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "bias", i), {n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_LFM2:
+            case LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            cur     = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur,     n_embd, n_tokens);
-            ffn_inp = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp, n_embd, n_tokens);
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM_LFM2, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,           "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,     inp_out_ids);
-                ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
-            }
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-            // feed-forward network
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+                        const bool is_moe_layer = i >= static_cast<int>(hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
 
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+                        // ffn/moe is same for transformer and conv layers
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        if (is_moe_layer) {
+                            GGML_ASSERT(n_expert && n_expert_used);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i),  {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {hparams.n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS, "weight", i),   {n_embd, hparams.n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, 0);
+                        } else {  // dense
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        }
 
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+                        // for operator_norm
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
+                        if (!hparams.is_recurrent(i)) {
+                            layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                            layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                            GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_v_gqa == n_embd_k_gqa);
 
-        cur = inpL;
-        cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(i)}, 0);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(i)}, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            layer.shortconv.conv     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_CONV,    "weight", i), {hparams.n_shortconv_l_cache, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.shortconv.in_proj  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_INPROJ,  "weight", i), {n_embd, 3 * n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.shortconv.out_proj = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SHORTCONV_OUTPROJ, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                        }
+                    }
 
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+                    // for LFM2-ColBert-350M
+                    dense_2_out_layers   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT, "weight"), {n_embd, hparams.n_embd_out()}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    dense_2_out_layers_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_DENSE_2_OUT, "bias"),   {hparams.n_embd_out()        }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-struct llm_build_granite : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_granite(
-        const llama_model & model,
-        const llm_graph_params & params,
-        ggml_cgraph * gf,
-        const bool use_rope = true)
-        : llm_graph_context(params) {
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
 
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head }, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
 
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
 
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
+                        GGML_ASSERT(n_expert > 0 && "n_expert must be > 0 for SMALLTHINKER");
+                        GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used > 0 && "n_expert_used must be > 0 for SMALLTHINKER");
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+                        // MoE branch
+                        const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_expert }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert }, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        // inp_pos - built only if rope enabled
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = nullptr;
-        if (use_rope) {
-            inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-        }
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert > 0 && "n_expert must be > 0 for GROVEMOE");
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used > 0 && "n_expert_used must be > 0 for GROVEMOE");
+                    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_group_experts > 0 && "n_group_experts must be > 0 for GROVEMOE");
 
-        const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
 
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and (optionally) RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
 
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
+                        // MoE branch
+                        const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp ? hparams.n_ff_exp : n_ff / n_expert_used;
+                        const int64_t n_ff_chexp = hparams.n_ff_chexp ? hparams.n_ff_chexp : n_embd_head_k;
+                        const int64_t n_chunk_expert = n_expert / hparams.n_group_experts;
 
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
 
-                if (use_rope) {
-                    ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
-                    Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
+                        layer.ffn_gate_chexps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_CHEXPS, "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_chexp, n_chunk_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_chexps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_CHEXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_chexp,   n_embd, n_chunk_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_chexps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_CHEXPS,   "weight", i), {  n_embd, n_ff_chexp, n_chunk_expert}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_APERTUS:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
 
-                    Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                            );
-                }
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
 
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
-            }
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
 
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
+                        if (hparams.rope_scaling_type_train == LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_LONGROPE) {
+                            layer.rope_long  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "weight", i), { n_rot/2 }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                            layer.rope_short = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "weight", i), { n_rot/2 }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        } else {
+                            layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), { n_rot/2 }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        }
 
-            // For Granite architectures - scale residual
-            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_residual_scale);
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head }, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
 
-            // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
-            if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+                        // optional bias tensors
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), { n_embd },     TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), { n_embd_gqa }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), { n_embd_gqa }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), { n_embd },     TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), { n_ff, n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff }, 0);
 
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+                        // Q and K layernorms for Apertus
+                        layer.attn_q_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "bias",   i), { n_embd_head_k }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "bias",   i), { n_embd_head_k }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_MINIMAX_M2:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            } else {
-                // MoE branch
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
-                        false, 0.0,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                        il);
-                cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-                // For Granite MoE Shared
-                if (hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0) {
-                    ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                    cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
-
-                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
-                    cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-                } else {
-                    cur = moe_out;
-                }
-            }
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            // For Granite architectures - scale residual
-            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_residual_scale);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head }, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
 
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
 
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        cur = inpL;
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        // For Granite architectures - scale logits
-        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_logit_scale);
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+                        // Check for KDA specific tensors to determine layer type or if it's a mixed model
+                        // Assuming KDA layer if KDA tensors are present
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
+                        // KDA uses head_dim = 128 (from linear_attn_config.head_dim)
+                        const int64_t n_embd_head_k_kda = hparams.n_embd_head_kda;
+                        const int64_t n_embd_head_v_kda = hparams.n_embd_head_kda;
+                        const int64_t ssm_d_conv = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
 
-// ref: https://github.com/facebookresearch/chameleon
-// based on the original build_llama() function, changes:
-//   * qk-norm
-//   * swin-norm
-//   * removed bias
-//   * removed MoE
-struct llm_build_chameleon : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_chameleon(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
+                        if (hparams.is_recurrent(i)) {
+                            // Conv1d weights: try 4D first, then 3D (quantization may remove trailing 1)
+                            // 4D: [d_conv, 1, d_inner, 1], 3D: [d_conv, 1, d_inner]
+                            layer.ssm_q_conv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_Q, "weight", i), {ssm_d_conv, 1, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head, 1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            if (!layer.ssm_q_conv) {
+                                layer.ssm_q_conv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_Q, "weight", i), {ssm_d_conv, 1, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head}, 0);
+                            }
 
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
+                             // KDA Layer - Conv1d weights may be 3D or 4D
+                             layer.ssm_k_conv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_K, "weight", i), {ssm_d_conv, 1, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head, 1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                             if (!layer.ssm_k_conv) {
+                                 layer.ssm_k_conv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_K, "weight", i), {ssm_d_conv, 1, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head}, 0);
+                             }
+                             layer.ssm_v_conv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_V, "weight", i), {ssm_d_conv, 1, n_embd_head_v_kda * n_head, 1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                             if (!layer.ssm_v_conv) {
+                                 layer.ssm_v_conv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D_V, "weight", i), {ssm_d_conv, 1, n_embd_head_v_kda * n_head}, 0);
+                             }
+
+                             // q, k, v projections
+                             // Python: q_proj, k_proj, v_proj
+                             layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head}, 0);
+                             layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head}, 0);
+                             layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_v_kda * n_head}, 0);
+
+                             // KDA specific projections
+                             // f_a_proj, f_b_proj
+                             layer.ssm_f_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_A, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k_kda}, 0); // head_dim
+                             layer.ssm_f_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_F_B, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k_kda, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head}, 0); // projection_size
+
+                             // b_proj (beta mixing coefficient)
+                             layer.ssm_beta = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_head}, 0);
+
+                             // A_log - Shape in GGUF: [1, num_heads, 1, 1] (4D) or [1, num_heads] (2D after quantization) Note: -exp(A_log) is applied in convert_hf_to_gguf.py
+                             layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {1, n_head, 1, 1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                             if (!layer.ssm_a) {
+                                 layer.ssm_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A, i), {1, n_head}, 0);
+                             }
+
+                             // dt_bias - shape [n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head] = [4096]
+                             layer.ssm_dt_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT, "bias", i), {n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head}, 0);
+
+                             // g_a_proj, g_b_proj (output gate)
+                             layer.ssm_g_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_A, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k_kda}, 0);
+                             layer.ssm_g_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_G_B, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k_kda, n_embd_head_k_kda * n_head}, 0);
+
+                             // o_norm (reusing SSM_NORM)
+                             layer.ssm_o_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k_kda}, 0); // FusedRMSNormGated
+
+                             // o_proj
+                             layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_v_kda * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
+                        } else {
+                             // MLA Layer - use MLA-specific head dimensions
+                             const int64_t q_lora_rank  = hparams.n_lora_q;
+                             const int64_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
+                             const int64_t n_embd_head_k_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla();
+                             const int64_t n_embd_head_v_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla();
+
+                             layer.attn_q_a_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM, "weight", i), {q_lora_rank}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                             layer.attn_kv_a_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM, "weight", i), {kv_lora_rank}, 0);
+
+                             if (layer.attn_q_a_norm) {
+                                 layer.wq_a = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A, "weight", i), {n_embd, q_lora_rank}, 0);
+                                 layer.wq_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B, "weight", i), {q_lora_rank, n_head * n_embd_head_k_mla}, 0);
+                             } else {
+                                 // Kimi MLA without Q compression: wq = [n_embd, n_head * n_embd_head_k_mla]
+                                 layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_head * n_embd_head_k_mla}, 0);
+                             }
+
+                             // Kimi: qk_rope_head_dim = 64 (actual RoPE dimension for MLA)
+                             // Note: hparams.n_rot may be 72 (from conversion) but actual is 64
+                             const int64_t qk_rope_head_dim = hparams.n_rot();  // From config: qk_rope_head_dim
+                             layer.wkv_a_mqa = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA, "weight", i), {n_embd, kv_lora_rank + qk_rope_head_dim}, 0);
+                             // Support Legacy GGUFs that don't split wkv_b (MLA KV cache disabled)
+                             layer.wkv_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B, "weight", i),
+                                {kv_lora_rank, n_head * (n_embd_head_k_mla - qk_rope_head_dim + n_embd_head_v_mla)}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | TENSOR_SKIP_IF_VIRTUAL);
+                             if (!layer.wkv_b) { // MLA KV cache enabled
+                                 layer.wk_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k_mla - qk_rope_head_dim, kv_lora_rank, n_head}, 0);
+                                 layer.wv_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B, "weight", i), {kv_lora_rank, n_embd_head_v_mla, n_head}, 0);
+                             }
+                             layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_head * n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd}, 0);
+                        }
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+                        // MoE intermediate size (different from dense FFN)
+                        const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
 
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
+                        // Kimi uses n_layer_dense_lead to determine which layers use dense FFN vs MoE
+                        // first_k_dense_replace = 1 means layer 0 uses dense FFN, layers 1+ use MoE
+                        if (i < (int) hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+                            // Dense FFN layer - use normal n_ff
+                            layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            // MoE layer - use n_ff_exp (1024) instead of n_ff (9216)
+                            layer.ffn_gate_inp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                            layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert}, 0);
+
+                            // Shared experts use moe_intermediate_size * num_shared_experts
+                            // Kimi: shared_expert_intermediate_size = 1024 * 1 = 1024
+                            // Tensors are 2D: [n_embd, n_ff_shexp] or [n_ff_shexp, n_embd]
+                            const int64_t n_ff_shexp_actual = n_ff_exp * (hparams.n_expert_shared > 0 ? hparams.n_expert_shared : 1);
+                            layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp_actual}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_ff_shexp_actual, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_shexp_actual}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                            layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, 0);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_COGVLM:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-            // norm
-            if (hparams.swin_norm) {
-                cur = inpL;
-            } else {
-                cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-            }
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens,
-                            ggml_element_size(Qcur) * n_embd_head,
-                            ggml_element_size(Qcur) * n_embd_head * n_head,
-                            0);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-
-                    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_q_norm_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
-
-                if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens,
-                            ggml_element_size(Kcur) * n_embd_head,
-                            ggml_element_size(Kcur) * n_embd_head * n_head_kv,
-                            0);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-
-                    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm,
-                            model.layers[il].attn_k_norm_b,
-                            LLM_NORM, il);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head * 3}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
+                        layer.visexp_attn_wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head * 3}, 0);
+                        layer.visexp_attn_wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-            if (hparams.swin_norm) {
-                cur = build_norm(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            }
+                        layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
 
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
 
-            // feed-forward network
-            if (!hparams.swin_norm) {
-                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-            }
+                        layer.visexp_ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.visexp_ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.visexp_ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_VISEXP_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_PANGU_EMBED:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-
-            if (hparams.swin_norm) {
-                cur = build_norm(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-            }
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        cur = inpL;
+                        // weight tensors
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+                        // bias tensors
+                        layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "bias", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "bias", i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.bo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-        cb(cur, "result_output_with_img_logits", -1);
+                        if (hparams.rope_scaling_type_train == LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_LONGROPE) {
+                            layer.rope_long  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                            layer.rope_short = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        } else {
+                            layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        }
 
-        // TODO: this suppresses the output of image tokens, which is required to enable text-only outputs.
-        // Needs to be removed once image outputs are supported.
-        int img_token_end_idx = 8196;
-        int img_token_start_idx = 4;
-        int num_img_tokens = img_token_end_idx - img_token_start_idx;
-        // creates 1d tensor of size num_img_tokens and values -FLT_MAX,
-        // which ensures that text token values are always at least larger than image token values
-        ggml_tensor * img_logits = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, num_img_tokens);
-        img_logits = ggml_clamp(ctx0, img_logits, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
-        cb(img_logits, "img_logits", -1);
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT:
+                {
+                    if (n_expert == 0) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error(arch_name() + " model cannot have zero experts");
+                    }
 
-        cur = ggml_set_1d(ctx0, cur, img_logits, ggml_element_size(cur) * img_token_start_idx);
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-struct llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp ? hparams.n_ff_exp : n_ff / n_expert_used;
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+                    // Calculate dimensions from hyperparameters
+                    const int64_t head_k_dim = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t head_v_dim = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t n_k_heads  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+                    const int64_t n_v_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+                    const int64_t key_dim    = head_k_dim * n_k_heads;
+                    const int64_t value_dim  = head_v_dim * n_v_heads;
+                    const int64_t conv_dim   = key_dim * 2 + value_dim;
 
-        cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, inpL));
+                    // Calculate projection sizes
+                    const int64_t qkvz_dim = key_dim * 2 + value_dim * 2;
+                    const int64_t ba_dim   = n_v_heads * 2;
 
-        cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, model.conv1d, cur, 1, 1);
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.conv1d_b);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+                        const uint32_t n_ff_shexp = hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0 ? hparams.n_ff_shexp : hparams.n_ff(i);
 
-        // posnet
-        for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.posnet.n_layer; ++il) {
-            const auto & layer = model.layers[il].posnet;
+                        layer.attn_norm      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,      "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
 
-            inpL = cur;
+                        if (!hparams.is_recurrent(i)) {
+                            // Attention layers
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head * 2 }, 0);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa }, 0);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa }, 0);
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
 
-            switch (il) {
-                case 0:
-                case 1:
-                case 3:
-                case 4:
-                    {
-                        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                                layer.norm1,
-                                layer.norm1_b,
-                                LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
+                            // Q/K normalization for attention layers
+                            layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                            layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            // Linear attention (gated delta net) specific tensors
+                            // Create tensors with calculated dimensions
+                            // note: ssm_in is used by legacy GGUF
+                            layer.ssm_in         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,         "weight", i), { n_embd, qkvz_dim }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.wqkv           = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,       "weight", i), { n_embd, key_dim * 2 + value_dim }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.wqkv_gate      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,      "weight", i), { n_embd, value_dim }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,     "weight", i), { hparams.ssm_d_conv, conv_dim }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_dt         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,         "bias",   i), { hparams.ssm_dt_rank }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_a          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,             i), { hparams.ssm_dt_rank }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_beta_alpha = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA_ALPHA, "weight", i), { n_embd, ba_dim }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_norm       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,       "weight", i), { head_v_dim }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_out        = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,        "weight", i), { value_dim, n_embd }, 0);
+                        }
 
-                        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, cur), cur);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), { n_embd, n_expert }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert }, 0);
+                        create_tensor_gate_up_exps(layer, i, n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert, 0);
 
-                        cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.conv1, cur, 1, 1);
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.conv1_b);
+                        // Shared experts
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_shexp     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_shexp }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_shexp       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_shexp }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_shexp     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "weight", i), { n_ff_shexp, n_embd }, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
 
-                        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                                layer.norm2,
-                                layer.norm2_b,
-                                LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-                        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, cur), cur);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-                        cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.conv2, cur, 1, 1);
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.conv2_b);
+                    const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp ? hparams.n_ff_exp : n_ff / n_expert_used;
 
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-                    } break;
-                case 2:
-                    {
-                        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                                layer.attn_norm,
-                                layer.attn_norm_b,
-                                LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
+                    // Calculate dimensions from hyperparameters
+                    const int64_t head_k_dim = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t head_v_dim = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t n_k_heads  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+                    const int64_t n_v_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+                    const int64_t key_dim    = head_k_dim * n_k_heads;
+                    const int64_t value_dim  = head_v_dim * n_v_heads;
+                    const int64_t conv_dim   = key_dim * 2 + value_dim;
 
-                        ggml_tensor * q;
-                        ggml_tensor * k;
-                        ggml_tensor * v;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-                        q = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_q, cur, 1, 1);
-                        k = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_k, cur, 1, 1);
-                        v = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_v, cur, 1, 1);
+                        layer.attn_norm      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,      "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
 
-                        q = ggml_add(ctx0, q, layer.attn_q_b);
-                        k = ggml_add(ctx0, k, layer.attn_k_b);
-                        v = ggml_add(ctx0, v, layer.attn_v_b);
+                        if (!hparams.is_recurrent(i)) {
+                            // Attention layers
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head * 2 }, 0);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa }, 0);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa }, 0);
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
 
-                        q = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, q));
-                        k = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, k));
+                            // Q/K normalization for attention layers
+                            layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                            layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            // Linear attention (gated delta net) specific tensors
+                            // Create tensors with calculated dimensions
+                            layer.wqkv           = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,       "weight", i), { n_embd, key_dim * 2 + value_dim }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.wqkv_gate      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,      "weight", i), { n_embd, value_dim }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,     "weight", i), { hparams.ssm_d_conv, conv_dim }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_dt         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,         "bias",   i), { hparams.ssm_dt_rank }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_a          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,             i), { hparams.ssm_dt_rank }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_beta       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,       "weight", i), { n_embd, n_v_heads }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_alpha      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA,      "weight", i), { n_embd, n_v_heads }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_norm       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,       "weight", i), { head_v_dim }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_out        = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,        "weight", i), { value_dim, n_embd }, 0);
+                        }
 
-                        ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, k, q);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), { n_embd, n_expert }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), { n_ff_exp, n_embd, n_expert }, 0);
+                        create_tensor_gate_up_exps(layer, i, n_embd, n_ff_exp, n_expert, 0);
 
-                        kq = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx0, kq, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(hparams.posnet.n_embd)), 0.0f);
+                        // Shared experts
+                        const int64_t n_ff_shexp = hparams.n_ff_shexp ? hparams.n_ff_shexp : n_ff;
 
-                        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, kq, v);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_shexp     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_shexp }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_shexp       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "weight", i), { n_embd, n_ff_shexp }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_shexp     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "weight", i), { n_ff_shexp, n_embd }, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
 
-                        cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_o, cur, 1, 1);
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.attn_o_b);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-                        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-                    } break;
-                case 5:
-                    {
-                        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                                layer.norm,
-                                layer.norm_b,
-                                LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
-                    } break;
-                default: GGML_ABORT("unknown posnet layer");
-            };
-        }
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-        cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+                    // Calculate dimensions from hyperparameters
+                    const int64_t head_k_dim = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t head_v_dim = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+                    const int64_t n_k_heads  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+                    const int64_t n_v_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+                    const int64_t key_dim    = head_k_dim * n_k_heads;
+                    const int64_t value_dim  = head_v_dim * n_v_heads;
+                    const int64_t conv_dim   = key_dim * 2 + value_dim;
 
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.tok_norm,
-                model.tok_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+                        layer.attn_norm      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,      "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.attn_post_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
 
-        inpL = cur;
+                        if (!hparams.is_recurrent(i)) {
+                            // Attention layers
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head * 2 }, 0);
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa }, 0);
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa }, 0);
+                            layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
 
-        // convnext
-        for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.convnext.n_layer; ++il) {
-            const auto & layer = model.layers[il].convnext;
+                            // Q/K normalization for attention layers
+                            layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                            layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_k }, 0);
+                        } else {
+                            // Linear attention (gated delta net) specific tensors
+                            // Create tensors with calculated dimensions
+                            layer.wqkv           = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,       "weight", i), { n_embd, key_dim * 2 + value_dim }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.wqkv_gate      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE,      "weight", i), { n_embd, value_dim }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                            layer.ssm_conv1d     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,     "weight", i), { hparams.ssm_d_conv, conv_dim }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_dt         = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_DT,         "bias",   i), { hparams.ssm_dt_rank }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_a          = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A_NOSCAN,             i), { hparams.ssm_dt_rank }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_beta       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA,       "weight", i), { n_embd, n_v_heads }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_alpha      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA,      "weight", i), { n_embd, n_v_heads }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_norm       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_NORM,       "weight", i), { head_v_dim }, 0);
+                            layer.ssm_out        = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,        "weight", i), { value_dim, n_embd }, 0);
+                        }
 
-            cur = inpL;
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_MIMO2:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            cur = ggml_conv_1d_dw_ph(ctx0, layer.dw, cur, 1, 1);
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.dw_b);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+                        uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(i);
+                        uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(i);
+                        uint32_t n_head = hparams.n_head(i);
 
-            cur = build_norm(cur,
-                    layer.norm,
-                    layer.norm_b,
-                    LLM_NORM, -1);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head }, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa }, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_v * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
 
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    layer.pw1, layer.pw1_b, NULL,
-                    NULL,      NULL,        NULL,
-                    layer.pw2, layer.pw2_b, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+                        layer.attn_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,  "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_sinks = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS, "weight", i), {n_head}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.gamma);
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+                        // non-MoE branch
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-            inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
-        }
+                        // MoE branch
+                        int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_STEP35:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        cur = inpL;
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-        cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+                    // STEP35 supports per-layer partial RoPE dims; rope factors are stored as a single shared tensor
+                    // ("rope_freqs.weight") and ggml uses only the first (n_rot_l/2) entries per layer.
+                    uint32_t n_rot_max = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        n_rot_max = std::max(n_rot_max, hparams.n_rot(i));
+                    }
+                    if (n_rot_max == 0) {
+                        n_rot_max = n_rot;
+                    }
 
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm,
-                model.output_norm_b,
-                LLM_NORM, -1);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+                        const uint32_t n_head_l      = hparams.n_head(i);
+                        const uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(i);
+                        const uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(i);
 
-        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
+                        layer.attn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+                        // optional rope factors (llama3) / longrope tensors
+                        if (hparams.rope_scaling_type_train == LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_LONGROPE) {
+                            layer.rope_long  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "weight", i), {n_rot_max/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                            layer.rope_short = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "weight", i), {n_rot_max/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        } else {
+                            layer.rope_freqs = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS, "weight", i), {n_rot_max/2}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        }
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head_l}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_k_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_v_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_v * n_head_l, n_embd}, 0);
 
-struct llm_build_plm : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_plm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const float kq_scale = 1.0f/sqrtf(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k));
-
-        const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot;
-        const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k - hparams.n_rot;
-        const uint32_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
-
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
-
-        // {n_embd, n_tokens}
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
-
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
-
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
-
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
-
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
-
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
-
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * q = NULL;
-                q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(q, "q", il);
-
-                // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * q_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k * n_head),
-                        0);
-                cb(q_nope, "q_nope", il);
-
-                // and {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * q_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k * n_head),
-                        ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
-                cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
-
-                // {n_embd, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope} * {n_embd, n_tokens} -> {kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * kv_pe_compresseed = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_a_mqa, cur);
-                cb(kv_pe_compresseed, "kv_pe_compresseed", il);
-
-                // split into {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * kv_compressed = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, kv_lora_rank, n_tokens,
-                        kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
-                        0);
-                cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
-
-                // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * k_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens,
-                        kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
-                        kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
-                        ggml_row_size(kv_pe_compresseed->type, kv_lora_rank));
-                cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
-
-                kv_compressed = build_norm(kv_compressed,
-                        model.layers[il].attn_kv_a_norm, NULL,
-                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
-
-                // {kv_lora_rank, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v)} * {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens} -> {n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v), n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * kv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_b, kv_compressed);
-                cb(kv, "kv", il);
-
-                // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * k_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v)),
-                        0);
-                cb(k_nope, "k_nope", il);
-
-                // and {n_head * n_embd_head_v, n_tokens}
-                ggml_tensor * v_states = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, hparams.n_embd_head_v, n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v)),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v)*n_head),
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope)));
-                cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
-
-                v_states = ggml_cont(ctx0, v_states);
-                cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
-
-                v_states = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, v_states, hparams.n_embd_head_v * n_head, n_tokens,
-                        ggml_row_size(kv->type, hparams.n_embd_head_v * n_head),
-                        0);
-                cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
-
-                q_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, q_pe, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-                cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
-
-                // shared RoPE key
-                k_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, k_pe, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-                cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * q_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_nope, q_pe, 0);
-                cb(q_states, "q_states", il);
-
-                ggml_tensor * k_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, k_nope, ggml_repeat(ctx0, k_pe, q_pe), 0);
-                cb(k_states, "k_states", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        q_states, k_states, v_states, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-            }
+                        // head-wise attention gate (Step35 self_attn.g_proj)
+                        layer.wqkv_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_head_l}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
 
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+                        // dense MLP (leading dense blocks)
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                        // MoE routed experts + selection bias (router_bias)
+                        const int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps     = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps       = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_exp_probs_b   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+
+                        // shared expert MLP
+                        layer.ffn_gate_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.n_ff_shexp}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_up_shexp   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,   "weight", i), {n_embd, hparams.n_ff_shexp}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        layer.ffn_down_shexp = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "weight", i), {hparams.n_ff_shexp, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_MAINCODER:
+                {
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+                    // output
+                    output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                    // if output is NULL, init from the input tok embed
+                    if (output == NULL) {
+                        output = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, TENSOR_DUPLICATED);
+                    }
 
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+                        layer.attn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
 
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+                        layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head}, 0);
+                        layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd}, 0);
 
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
+                        layer.attn_k_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
+                        layer.attn_q_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd_head_k}, 0);
 
-        cur = inpL;
+                        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, 0);
+                    }
+                } break;
+            default:
+                throw std::runtime_error("unknown architecture");
+        }
 
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        // generic pass: load optional per-tensor/per-expert ".scale" tensors (e.g. NVFP4 scale2)
+        // this avoids having to add scale loading to every architecture
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+            auto & layer = layers[i];
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+            // attention weight scales (per-tensor, shape {1})
+            if (!layer.wq_s && layer.wq) {
+                layer.wq_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,   "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.wk_s && layer.wk) {
+                layer.wk_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,   "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.wv_s && layer.wv) {
+                layer.wv_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,   "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.wo_s && layer.wo) {
+                layer.wo_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.wqkv_s && layer.wqkv) {
+                layer.wqkv_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.wqkv_gate_s && layer.wqkv_gate) {
+                layer.wqkv_gate_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_GATE, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
 
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+            // dense FFN weight scales (per-tensor, shape {1})
+            if (!layer.ffn_gate_s && layer.ffn_gate) {
+                layer.ffn_gate_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ffn_down_s && layer.ffn_down) {
+                layer.ffn_down_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ffn_up_s && layer.ffn_up) {
+                layer.ffn_up_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ffn_gate_shexp_s && layer.ffn_gate_shexp) {
+                layer.ffn_gate_shexp_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ffn_down_shexp_s && layer.ffn_down_shexp) {
+                layer.ffn_down_shexp_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ffn_up_shexp_s && layer.ffn_up_shexp) {
+                layer.ffn_up_shexp_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
 
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+            // MoE expert weight scales (per-expert, shape {n_expert})
+            if (!layer.ffn_gate_exps_s && layer.ffn_gate_exps) {
+                layer.ffn_gate_exps_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "scale", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ffn_down_exps_s && layer.ffn_down_exps) {
+                layer.ffn_down_exps_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "scale", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ffn_up_exps_s && layer.ffn_up_exps) {
+                layer.ffn_up_exps_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS, "scale", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+            // recurrent / linear-attention weight scales (per-tensor, shape {1})
+            if (!layer.ssm_out_s && layer.ssm_out) {
+                layer.ssm_out_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ssm_alpha_s && layer.ssm_alpha) {
+                layer.ssm_alpha_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_ALPHA, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+            if (!layer.ssm_beta_s && layer.ssm_beta) {
+                layer.ssm_beta_s = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_SSM_BETA, "scale", i), {1}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+            }
+        }
     }
-};
 
-struct llm_build_bailingmoe : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_bailingmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ml.done_getting_tensors();
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    ml.init_mappings(true, use_mlock ? &pimpl->mlock_mmaps : nullptr);
+    pimpl->mappings.reserve(ml.mappings.size());
 
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    // create the backend buffers
+    std::vector<std::pair<ggml_context *, llama_buf_map>> ctx_buf_maps;
+    ctx_buf_maps.reserve(ml.ctx_map.size());
 
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
+    // Ensure we have enough capacity for the maximum backend buffer we will potentially create
+    const size_t n_max_backend_buffer = ml.ctx_map.size() * ml.files.size();
+    pimpl->ctxs_bufs.reserve(n_max_backend_buffer);
 
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+    for (auto & [buft, ctx_ptr] : ml.ctx_map) {
+        ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
 
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+        // skip contexts without tensors
+        if (ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx) == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
 
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        llama_buf_map buf_map;
+        buf_map.reserve(n_max_backend_buffer);
 
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+        // check if it is possible to use buffer_from_host_ptr with this buffer type
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+        if (!dev) {
+            // FIXME: workaround for CPU backend buft having a NULL device
+            dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
+            if (!dev) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
+            }
+        }
+        ggml_backend_dev_props props;
+        ggml_backend_dev_get_props(dev, &props);
+        bool buffer_from_host_ptr_supported = props.caps.buffer_from_host_ptr;
+        bool is_default_buft = buft == ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev);
 
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;
+        if (ml.use_mmap && use_mmap_buffer && buffer_from_host_ptr_supported && is_default_buft) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(!ml.no_alloc);
+            for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < ml.files.size(); idx++) {
+                // only the mmap region containing the tensors in the model is mapped to the backend buffer
+                // this is important for metal with apple silicon: if the entire model could be mapped to a metal buffer,
+                //     then we could just use metal for all layers
+                // this allows using partial offloading when the model size exceeds the metal buffer size, but not the RAM size
+                void * addr = nullptr;
+                size_t first, last; // NOLINT
+                ml.get_mapping_range(&first, &last, &addr, idx, ctx);
+                if (first >= last) {
+                    continue;
                 }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+                const size_t max_size = ggml_get_max_tensor_size(ctx);
+                ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_from_host_ptr(dev, (char *) addr + first, last - first, max_size);
+                if (buf == nullptr) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error(format("unable to allocate %s buffer", ggml_backend_buft_name(buft)));
                 }
-
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+                bufs.emplace_back(buf);
+                buf_map.emplace(idx, buf);
+            }
+        } else {
+            ggml_backend_buffer_t buf;
+            if (ml.no_alloc) {
+                buf = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, /*size =*/ 0); // dummy buffer
+                for (ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != nullptr; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
+                    t->buffer = buf; // set dummy buffer for weights so that the backend scheduler won't try to allocate them
                 }
-
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_rot, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_rot, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_rot, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
-
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_rot)), il);
+            } else {
+                buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx, buft); // real buffer
             }
-
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+            if (buf == nullptr) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("unable to allocate %s buffer", ggml_backend_buft_name(buft)));
             }
-
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            ggml_tensor * moe_out =
-                build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                        nullptr,
-                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
-                        false, hparams.expert_weights_scale,
-                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
-                        il);
-            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-            // FFN shared expert
-            {
-                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
-
-                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            if (use_mlock && ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(buf)) {
+                pimpl->mlock_bufs.emplace_back(new llama_mlock);
+                auto & mlock_buf = pimpl->mlock_bufs.back();
+                mlock_buf->init   (ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf));
+                mlock_buf->grow_to(ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf));
+            }
+            bufs.emplace_back(buf);
+            for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < ml.files.size(); idx++) {
+                buf_map.emplace(idx, buf);
             }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
         }
+        pimpl->ctxs_bufs.emplace_back(std::move(ctx_ptr), std::move(bufs));
 
-        cur = inpL;
+        for (auto & buf : buf_map) {
+            // indicate that this buffer contains weights
+            // this is used by ggml_backend_sched to improve op scheduling: ops that use a weight are preferably scheduled to the backend that contains the weight
+            ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(buf.second, GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS);
+        }
 
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        ctx_buf_maps.emplace_back(ctx, buf_map);
+    }
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+    if (llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
+        const int n_gpu = std::min(n_gpu_layers, int(hparams.n_layer));
 
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+        int n_repeating = n_gpu;
+        if (n_repeating > 0) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: offloading output layer to GPU\n", __func__);
+            n_repeating--;
+        }
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: offloading %d repeating layers to GPU\n", __func__, n_repeating);
 
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+        const int max_backend_supported_layers = hparams.n_layer + 1;
+        const int max_offloadable_layers       = hparams.n_layer + 1;
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: offloaded %d/%d layers to GPU\n", __func__, std::min(n_gpu_layers, max_offloadable_layers), max_backend_supported_layers);
     }
-};
 
-struct llm_build_dots1 : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_dots1(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
+    // print memory requirements per buffer type
+    for (auto & [_, bufs] : pimpl->ctxs_bufs) {
+        for (auto & buf: bufs) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %12s model buffer size = %8.2f MiB\n",
+                __func__, ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf.get()), ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get()) / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+        }
+    }
 
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    // populate tensors_by_name
+    for (auto & [ctx, _] : pimpl->ctxs_bufs) {
+        for (auto * cur = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx.get()); cur != NULL; cur = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx.get(), cur)) {
+            tensors_by_name.emplace_back(ggml_get_name(cur), cur);
+        }
+    }
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    if (ml.no_alloc) {
+        return true;
+    }
 
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    // load tensor data
+    for (auto & [ctx, buf_map] : ctx_buf_maps) {
+        if (!ml.load_all_data(ctx, buf_map, use_mlock ? &pimpl->mlock_mmaps : NULL, params.progress_callback, params.progress_callback_user_data)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
 
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
+    if (use_mmap_buffer) {
+        for (auto & mapping : ml.mappings) {
+            pimpl->mappings.emplace_back(std::move(mapping));
+        }
+    }
 
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+    return true;
+}
 
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+std::string llama_model::arch_name() const {
+    return llm_arch_name(arch);
+}
 
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+std::string llama_model::type_name() const {
+    return llm_type_name(type);
+}
 
-            // self_attention
-            {
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+std::string llama_model::desc() const {
+    return pimpl->desc_str;
+}
 
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+size_t llama_model::size() const {
+    return pimpl->n_bytes;
+}
 
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+size_t llama_model::n_tensors() const {
+    return tensors_by_name.size();
+}
 
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+size_t llama_model::n_devices() const {
+    return devices.size();
+}
 
-                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+uint32_t llama_model::n_gpu_layers() const {
+    return params.n_gpu_layers >= 0 ? params.n_gpu_layers : hparams.n_layer + 1;
+}
 
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
+llama_split_mode llama_model::split_mode() const {
+    return params.split_mode;
+}
 
-                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_model::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> ret;
+    for (const auto & [ctx, bufs] : pimpl->ctxs_bufs) {
+        if (hparams.no_alloc) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(bufs.size() == 1);
+            ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = bufs[0].get();
+            GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf) == nullptr);
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(buf);
+            ret[buft] += ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_size(ctx.get(), buft);
+        } else {
+            for (const auto & buf : bufs) {
+                // GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf.get()) != nullptr); // multi_buffer does not have a defined base
+                ret[ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(buf.get())] += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
 
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
+uint64_t llama_model::n_elements() const {
+    return pimpl->n_elements;
+}
 
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+void llama_model::print_info() const {
+    const std::string rope_scaling_type = llama_rope_scaling_type_name(hparams.rope_scaling_type_train);
 
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
-            }
+    auto print_f = [](const std::function<uint32_t(uint32_t)> & f, uint32_t n) {
+        bool is_var = false;
 
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        std::vector<uint32_t> v;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            v.push_back(f(i));
+            if (v[i] != v[0]) {
+                is_var = true;
             }
+        }
 
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
-
-            // MoE branch
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
-
-            if ((uint32_t) il < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
-                cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
-                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                        NULL,
-                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
-            } else {
-                ggml_tensor * moe_out =
-                    build_moe_ffn(cur,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
-                            n_expert, n_expert_used,
-                            LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
-                            true, hparams.expert_weights_scale,
-                            (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
-                            il);
-                cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
-
-                {
-                    ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                            model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
-                            NULL,
-                            LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
-                    cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+        std::stringstream ss;
 
-                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
-                    cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        if (is_var) {
+            ss << "[";
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                ss << v[i];
+                if (i < n - 1) {
+                    ss << ", ";
                 }
             }
-
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
-
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
+            ss << "]";
+        } else {
+            ss << v[0];
         }
 
-        cur = inpL;
-
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
-
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
-
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+        return ss.str();
+    };
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
-    }
-};
+    // hparams
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: arch                  = %s\n",     __func__, arch_name().c_str());
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: vocab_only            = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.vocab_only);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: no_alloc              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.no_alloc);
 
-struct llm_build_arcee : public llm_graph_context {
-    llm_build_arcee(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params, ggml_cgraph * gf) : llm_graph_context(params) {
-        const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v;
+    if (!hparams.vocab_only) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ctx_train           = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ctx_train);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd                = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_inp            = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_inp());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer               = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_head                = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_head(il);    }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_head_kv             = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_head_kv(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_rot                 = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_rot_full);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_swa                 = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_swa);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: is_swa_any            = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.is_swa_any());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_k         = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_k_full);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_v         = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_v_full);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_gqa                 = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_gqa(il);        }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_k_gqa          = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_v_gqa          = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_norm_eps            = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_norm_eps);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_norm_rms_eps        = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_clamp_kqv           = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_max_alibi_bias      = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_logit_scale         = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_logit_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_attn_scale          = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_attention_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff                  = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_ff(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert              = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_used         = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_used);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_groups       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_groups);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_group_used          = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_group_used);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: causal attn           = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.causal_attn);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: pooling type          = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.pooling_type);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope type             = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.rope_type);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope scaling          = %s\n",     __func__, rope_scaling_type.c_str());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_base_train       = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.rope_freq_base_train);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_scale_train      = %g\n",     __func__, hparams.rope_freq_scale_train);
+        if (hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_base_swa         = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa);
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_scale_swa        = %g\n",     __func__, hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa);
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_k_swa     = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_k_swa);
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_v_swa     = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_v_swa);
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_rot_swa             = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_rot_swa);
+        }
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ctx_orig_yarn       = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope_yarn_log_mul     = %.4f\n",   __func__, hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: rope_finetuned        = %s\n",     __func__, hparams.rope_finetuned ? "yes" : "unknown");
+        // MRoPE (Multi-axis Rotary Position Embedding) sections
+        if (const auto & s = hparams.rope_sections; s[0] || s[1] || s[2] || s[3]) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: mrope sections        = [%d, %d, %d, %d]\n", __func__, s[0], s[1], s[2], s[3]);
+        }
+        if (!classifier_labels.empty()) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_cls_out             = %u\n", __func__, hparams.n_cls_out);
 
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
+            size_t i = 0;
+            for (auto label : classifier_labels) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: cls_label[%2zu]         = %s\n", __func__, i++, label.c_str());
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-        ggml_tensor * cur;
-        ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_MAMBA ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2 ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_JAMBA ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1 ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2 ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN35 ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_d_conv            = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_d_conv);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_d_inner           = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_d_inner);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_d_state           = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_d_state);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_dt_rank           = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_dt_rank);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_n_group           = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_n_group);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: ssm_dt_b_c_rms        = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.ssm_dt_b_c_rms);
+    }
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model type            = %s\n",     __func__, type_name().c_str());
+    if (pimpl->n_elements >= 1e12) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params          = %.2f T\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-12);
+    } else if (pimpl->n_elements >= 1e9) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params          = %.2f B\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-9);
+    } else if (pimpl->n_elements >= 1e6) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params          = %.2f M\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-6);
+    } else {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model params          = %.2f K\n", __func__, pimpl->n_elements*1e-3);
+    }
 
-        inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    // general kv
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: general.name          = %s\n",    __func__, name.c_str());
 
-        // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer_dense_lead    = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_shared       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_shared);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_scale  = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+    }
 
-        auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_unified();
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2 || arch == LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer_dense_lead    = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_lora_q              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_lora_q);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_lora_kv             = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_lora_kv);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_k_mla     = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_embd_head_v_mla     = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla());
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_shared       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_shared);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_scale  = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_norm   = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.expert_weights_norm);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_gating_func    = %s\n",     __func__, llama_expert_gating_func_name((llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func));
+    }
 
-        const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_shexp            = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_shexp);
+    }
 
-        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE || arch == LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE || arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE || arch == LLM_ARCH_RND1) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+    }
 
-        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
-            ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_MINICPM ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_GRANITE ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID ||
+        arch == LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_embedding_scale     = %f\n", __func__, hparams.f_embedding_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_residual_scale      = %f\n", __func__, hparams.f_residual_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_attention_scale     = %f\n", __func__, hparams.f_attention_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_shexp            = %d\n", __func__, hparams.n_ff_shexp);
+    }
 
-            // norm
-            cur = build_norm(inpL,
-                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer_dense_lead    = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_shared       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_shared);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_scale  = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_norm   = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.expert_weights_norm);
+    }
 
-            // self-attention
-            {
-                // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
-                ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_layer_dense_lead    = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_shexp            = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_shexp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_shared       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_shared);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_scale  = %.1f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_weights_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_weights_norm   = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.expert_weights_norm);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_gating_func    = %s\n",     __func__, llama_expert_gating_func_name((llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func));
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: nextn_predict_layers  = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.nextn_predict_layers);
+    }
 
-                // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
-                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
-                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                }
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER || arch == LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_gating_func    = %s\n",     __func__, llama_expert_gating_func_name((llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func));
+    }
 
-                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
-                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
-                    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                }
+    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_exp              = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_exp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff_chexp            = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_ff_chexp);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_group_experts       = %d\n",     __func__, hparams.n_group_experts);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: expert_group_scale    = %.2f\n",   __func__, hparams.expert_group_scale);
+    }
 
-                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
-                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
-                    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
-                }
+    vocab.print_info();
+}
 
-                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
-                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
-                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+ggml_backend_dev_t llama_model::dev_layer(int il) const {
+    return pimpl->dev_layer.at(il).dev;
+}
 
-                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
+ggml_backend_dev_t llama_model::dev_output() const {
+    return pimpl->dev_output.dev;
+}
 
-                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
-                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
-                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
-                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
-                        );
+template<typename F>
+static bool buft_supported(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, ggml_backend_dev_t dev, F & fn) {
+    ggml_init_params params = {
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ ggml_tensor_overhead()*8,
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
+    };
 
-                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
-                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
-                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+    ggml_context_ptr ctx { ggml_init(params) };
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
+    }
 
-                cur = build_attn(inp_attn, gf,
-                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
-                cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
-            }
+    ggml_backend_buffer_ptr buf { ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, 0) };
+    ggml_tensor * op_tensor = fn(ctx.get());
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (op_tensor->src[i] != nullptr) {
+            assert(op_tensor->src[i]->buffer == nullptr);
+            op_tensor->src[i]->buffer = buf.get();
+        }
+    }
 
-            if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
-                cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
-                inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
-            }
+    bool op_supported = ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(dev, op_tensor);
 
-            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
-            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+    return op_supported;
+}
 
-            // feed-forward network
-            // ARCEE uses relu^2 instead of silu
-            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
-                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+template<typename F>
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t select_buft(const buft_list_t & buft_list, const F & fn) {
+    for (const auto & cur : buft_list) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t cur_dev = cur.first;
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t cur_buft = cur.second;
+        if (buft_supported(cur_buft, cur_dev, fn)) {
+            return cur_buft;
+        }
+    }
 
-            cur = build_ffn(cur,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
-                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
-                    NULL,
-                    LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+    throw std::runtime_error(format("no suitable buffer type found"));
+}
 
-            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
-            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t llama_model::select_buft(int il) const {
+    return ::select_buft(
+            *pimpl->dev_layer.at(il).buft_list,
+            [&](ggml_context * ctx) {
+                ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, hparams.n_embd);
+                ggml_tensor * layer_dir = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, hparams.n_embd);
+                return ggml_add(ctx, cur, layer_dir);
+            });
+}
 
-            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
-            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+bool llama_model::has_tensor_overrides() const {
+    return pimpl->has_tensor_overrides;
+}
 
-            // input for next layer
-            inpL = cur;
-        }
+const ggml_tensor * llama_model::get_tensor(const char * name) const {
+    auto it = std::find_if(tensors_by_name.begin(), tensors_by_name.end(),
+            [name](const std::pair<std::string, ggml_tensor *> & it) {
+                return it.first == name;
+            });
+    if (it == tensors_by_name.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
 
-        cur = inpL;
+    return it->second;
+}
 
-        cur = build_norm(cur,
-                model.output_norm, NULL,
-                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+float llama_model::get_rope_freq_base (const llama_cparams & cparams, int il) const {
+    return hparams.is_swa(il) ? hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa : cparams.rope_freq_base;
+}
 
-        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
-        res->t_embd = cur;
+float llama_model::get_rope_freq_scale(const llama_cparams & cparams, int il) const {
+    return hparams.is_swa(il) ? hparams.rope_freq_scale_train_swa : cparams.rope_freq_scale;
+}
 
-        // lm_head
-        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+ggml_tensor * llama_model::get_rope_factors(const llama_cparams & cparams, int il) const {
+    const uint32_t n_ctx_seq = cparams.n_ctx_seq;
 
-        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
-        res->t_logits = cur;
+    // choose long/short freq factors based on the context size
+    if (layers[il].rope_freqs != nullptr) {
+        return layers[il].rope_freqs;
+    }
 
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+    if (n_ctx_seq > hparams.n_ctx_orig_yarn) {
+        return layers[il].rope_long;
     }
-};
 
-llama_memory_i * llama_model::create_memory(const llama_memory_params & params, llama_cparams & cparams) const {
+    return layers[il].rope_short;
+}
+
+llama_memory_i * llama_model::create_memory(const llama_memory_params & params, const llama_cparams & cparams) const {
     llama_memory_i * res;
 
     switch (arch) {
@@ -13756,10 +8019,18 @@ llama_memory_i * llama_model::create_memory(const llama_memory_params & params,
         // switch statement
         case LLM_ARCH_BERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3:
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE:
         case LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT:
+        case LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING:
+        case LLM_ARCH_DREAM:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_RND1:
             {
                 res = nullptr;
             } break;
@@ -13770,67 +8041,114 @@ llama_memory_i * llama_model::create_memory(const llama_memory_params & params,
                 if (llm_arch_is_recurrent(arch)) {
                     res = new llama_memory_recurrent(
                             *this,
-                            nullptr,
                             GGML_TYPE_F32,
                             GGML_TYPE_F32,
                             cparams.offload_kqv,
                             std::max((uint32_t) 1, cparams.n_seq_max),
-                            cparams.n_seq_max);
+                            cparams.n_seq_max,
+                            nullptr);
                 } else if (llm_arch_is_hybrid(arch)) {
-                    const auto padding = llama_kv_cache_unified::get_padding(cparams);
-
-                    cparams.n_ctx = GGML_PAD(cparams.n_ctx, padding);
-
-                    res = new llama_memory_hybrid(
-                        /* model             */ *this,
-                        /* attn_type_k       */ params.type_k,
-                        /* attn_type_v       */ params.type_v,
-                        /* attn_v_trans      */ !cparams.flash_attn,
-                        /* attn_kv_size      */ cparams.n_ctx,
-                        /* attn_n_pad        */ padding,
-                        /* attn_n_swa        */ hparams.n_swa,
-                        /* attn_swa_type     */ hparams.swa_type,
-                        /* recurrent_type_k  */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
-                        /* recurrent_type_v  */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
-                        /* recurrent_kv_size */ std::max((uint32_t) 1, cparams.n_seq_max),
-                        /* n_seq_max         */ cparams.n_seq_max,
-                        /* offload           */ cparams.offload_kqv);
+                    // The main difference between hybrid architectures is the
+                    // layer filters, so pick the right one here
+                    llama_memory_hybrid::layer_filter_cb filter_attn = nullptr;
+                    llama_memory_hybrid::layer_filter_cb filter_recr = nullptr;
+                    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1) {
+                        filter_attn = [&](int32_t) { return true; };
+                        filter_recr = [&](int32_t) { return true; };
+                    } else if (arch == LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H || arch == LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE) {
+                        filter_attn = [&](int32_t il) {
+                            return !hparams.is_recurrent(il) && hparams.n_ff(il) == 0;
+                        };
+                        filter_recr = [&](int32_t il) {
+                            return hparams.is_recurrent(il) && hparams.n_ff(il) == 0;
+                        };
+                    }
+
+                    if (hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
+                        // Use hybrid-iswa for hybrid models with SWA
+                        res = new llama_memory_hybrid_iswa(
+                            /* model             */ *this,
+                            /* attn_type_k       */ params.type_k,
+                            /* attn_type_v       */ params.type_v,
+                            /* attn_v_trans      */ !cparams.flash_attn,
+                            /* attn_swa_full     */ params.swa_full,
+                            /* attn_kv_size      */ cparams.n_ctx_seq,
+                            /* attn_n_ubatch     */ cparams.n_ubatch,
+                            /* attn_n_pad        */ 1,
+                            /* recurrent_type_r  */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+                            /* recurrent_type_s  */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+                            /* recurrent_rs_size */ std::max((uint32_t) 1, cparams.n_seq_max),
+                            /* n_seq_max         */ cparams.n_seq_max,
+                            /* offload           */ cparams.offload_kqv,
+                            /* unified           */ cparams.kv_unified,
+                            /* filter_attn       */ std::move(filter_attn),
+                            /* filter_recr       */ std::move(filter_recr));
+                    } else {
+                        res = new llama_memory_hybrid(
+                            /* model             */ *this,
+                            /* attn_type_k       */ params.type_k,
+                            /* attn_type_v       */ params.type_v,
+                            /* attn_v_trans      */ !cparams.flash_attn,
+                            /* attn_kv_size      */ cparams.n_ctx_seq,
+                            /* attn_n_pad        */ 1,
+                            /* attn_n_swa        */ hparams.n_swa,
+                            /* attn_swa_type     */ hparams.swa_type,
+                            /* recurrent_type_k  */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+                            /* recurrent_type_v  */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+                            /* recurrent_kv_size */ std::max((uint32_t) 1, cparams.n_seq_max),
+                            /* n_seq_max         */ cparams.n_seq_max,
+                            /* offload           */ cparams.offload_kqv,
+                            /* unified           */ cparams.kv_unified,
+                            /* filter_attn       */ std::move(filter_attn),
+                            /* filter_recr       */ std::move(filter_recr));
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    const auto padding = llama_kv_cache_unified::get_padding(cparams);
+                    llama_memory_i::layer_reuse_cb reuse = nullptr;
 
-                    cparams.n_ctx = GGML_PAD(cparams.n_ctx, padding);
+                    if (arch == LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N) {
+                        reuse = [&](int32_t il) {
+                            if (il >= (int32_t) hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start) {
+                                return (int32_t) hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start - (hparams.is_swa(il) ? 2 : 1);
+                            }
 
-                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: n_ctx = %u (padded)\n", __func__, cparams.n_ctx);
+                            return -1;
+                        };
+                    }
 
                     if (hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
                         GGML_ASSERT(hparams.is_swa_any());
 
-                        res = new llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa(
+                        res = new llama_kv_cache_iswa(
                                 *this,
                                 params.type_k,
                                 params.type_v,
                                 !cparams.flash_attn,
                                 cparams.offload_kqv,
                                 params.swa_full,
-                                cparams.n_ctx,
+                                cparams.kv_unified,
+                                cparams.n_ctx_seq,
                                 cparams.n_seq_max,
                                 cparams.n_ubatch,
-                                padding);
+                                1,
+                                nullptr,
+                                reuse);
                     } else {
                         GGML_ASSERT(!hparams.is_swa_any());
 
-                        res = new llama_kv_cache_unified(
+                        res = new llama_kv_cache(
                                 *this,
-                                nullptr,
                                 params.type_k,
                                 params.type_v,
                                 !cparams.flash_attn,
                                 cparams.offload_kqv,
-                                cparams.n_ctx,
+                                cparams.kv_unified,
+                                cparams.n_ctx_seq,
                                 cparams.n_seq_max,
-                                padding,
+                                1,
                                 hparams.n_swa,
-                                hparams.swa_type);
+                                hparams.swa_type,
+                                nullptr,
+                                nullptr);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -13839,218 +8157,302 @@ llama_memory_i * llama_model::create_memory(const llama_memory_params & params,
     return res;
 }
 
-llm_graph_result_ptr llama_model::build_graph(
-        const llm_graph_params & params,
-                   ggml_cgraph * gf,
-                llm_graph_type   type) const {
+ggml_cgraph * llama_model::build_graph(const llm_graph_params & params) const {
     std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_context> llm;
 
     switch (arch) {
         case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llama>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llama<false>>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llama_iswa>(*this, params, gf);
+                if (hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llama<false>>(*this, params);
+                } else {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llama_iswa>(*this, params);
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llama<true>>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAINCODER:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_maincoder>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DECI:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_deci>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_deci>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BAICHUAN:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_baichuan>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_baichuan>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_FALCON:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_falcon>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_falcon>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GROK:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_grok>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_grok>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_starcoder>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_starcoder>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_REFACT:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_refact>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_refact>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3:
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bert>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bert>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_modern_bert>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_neo_bert>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_neo_bert>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_eurobert>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BLOOM:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bloom>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bloom>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_MPT:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_mpt>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_mpt>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_STABLELM:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_stablelm>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_stablelm>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen2>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen2>(*this, params);
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_DREAM:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_dream>(*this, params);
+            }
+            break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llada>(*this, params);
+            }
+            break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_llada_moe>(*this, params);
+            }
+            break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_RND1:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_rnd1>(*this, params);
+            }
+            break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen2vl>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen2vl>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen2moe>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen2moe>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen3>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen3>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen3moe>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen3moe>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen3vl>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen3vlmoe>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_PHI2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_phi2>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_phi2>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_PHI3:
         case LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE:
             {
                 if (hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
-                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_phi3<true>> (*this, params, gf);
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_phi3<true>> (*this, params);
                 } else {
-                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_phi3<false>>(*this, params, gf);
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_phi3<false>>(*this, params);
                 }
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_plamo>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_plamo>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_plamo2>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO3:
+            {
+                if (hparams.swa_type != LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE) {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_plamo3<true>> (*this, params);
+                } else {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_plamo3<false>>(*this, params);
+                }
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GPT2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gpt2>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gpt2>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_CODESHELL:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_codeshell>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_codeshell>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_ORION:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_orion>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_orion>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_INTERNLM2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_internlm2>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_internlm2>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM3:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_minicpm3>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_minicpm3>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma2_iswa>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma2_iswa>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma3_iswa>(*this, params, gf);
+                if (hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD) {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma3<true>>(*this, params);
+                } else {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma3<false>>(*this, params);
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma3n_iswa>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gemma_embedding>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_starcoder2>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_starcoder2>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_mamba>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAMBA:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_mamba>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_jamba>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_XVERSE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_xverse>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_xverse>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_COMMAND_R:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_command_r>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_command_r>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_COHERE2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_cohere2_iswa>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_cohere2_iswa>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DBRX:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_dbrx>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_dbrx>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_OLMO:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_olmo>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_olmo>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_OLMO2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_olmo2>(*this, params, gf);
+                if (hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD) {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_olmo2<true>>(*this, params);
+                } else {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_olmo2<false>>(*this, params);
+                }
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_OLMOE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_olmoe>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_olmoe>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_OPENELM:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_openelm>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_openelm>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GPTNEOX:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gptneox>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_gptneox>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_ARCTIC:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_arctic>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_arctic>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_deepseek>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_deepseek>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_deepseek2>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_deepseek2>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_chatglm>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_chatglm>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GLM4:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_glm4>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_glm4>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_glm4_moe>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BITNET:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bitnet>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bitnet>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_T5:
             {
-                switch (type) {
+                switch (params.gtype) {
                     case LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_ENCODER:
-                        llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_t5_enc>(*this, params, gf);
+                        llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_t5_enc>(*this, params);
                         break;
                     case LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DEFAULT:
                     case LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DECODER:
-                        llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_t5_dec>(*this, params, gf);
+                        llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_t5_dec>(*this, params);
                         break;
                     default:
                         GGML_ABORT("invalid graph type");
@@ -14058,77 +8460,223 @@ llm_graph_result_ptr llama_model::build_graph(
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_t5_enc>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_t5_enc>(*this, params);
             }
             break;
         case LLM_ARCH_JAIS:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_jais>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_jais>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAIS2:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_jais2>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_nemotron>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_nemotron>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H:
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_nemotron_h>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_exaone>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_exaone>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE4:
+            {
+                if (hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD) {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_exaone4<true>>(*this, params);
+                } else {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_exaone4<false>>(*this, params);
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE_MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_exaone_moe>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_rwkv6>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_rwkv6>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_rwkv6qwen2>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_rwkv6qwen2>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV7:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_rwkv7>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_rwkv7>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_arwkv7>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_arwkv7>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE:
         case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE:
         case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_granite>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_granite>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_granite_hybrid>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_chameleon>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_chameleon>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_PLM:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_plm>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_plm>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bailingmoe>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bailingmoe>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_bailingmoe2>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_SEED_OSS:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_seed_oss>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_DOTS1:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_dots1>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_dots1>(*this, params);
             } break;
         case LLM_ARCH_ARCEE:
             {
-                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_arcee>(*this, params, gf);
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_arcee>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_AFMOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_afmoe>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_ernie4_5>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_ernie4_5_moe>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PADDLEOCR:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_paddleocr>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_hunyuan_moe>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_DENSE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_hunyuan_dense>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMOLLM3:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_smollm3>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_openai_moe_iswa>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_falcon_h1>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE:
+            {
+                if (hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD) {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_lfm2<true>>(*this, params);
+                } else {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_lfm2<false>>(*this, params);
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER:
+            {
+                if (hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_STANDARD) {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_smallthinker<true>> (*this, params);
+                } else {
+                    llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_smallthinker<false>>(*this, params);
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_grovemoe>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_APERTUS:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_apertus>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MINIMAX_M2:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_minimax_m2>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_COGVLM:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_cogvlm>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PANGU_EMBED:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_pangu_embedded>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen3next>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen35>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_qwen35moe>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_mistral3>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_MIMO2:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_mimo2_iswa>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_kimi_linear>(*this, params);
+            } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_STEP35:
+            {
+                llm = std::make_unique<llm_build_step35_iswa>(*this, params);
             } break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 
     // add on pooling layer
-    llm->build_pooling(gf, cls, cls_b, cls_out, cls_out_b);
+    llm->build_pooling(cls, cls_b, cls_out, cls_out_b, cls_norm);
+
+    // add backend sampling layers (if any)
+    llm->build_sampling();
+
+    // if the gguf model was converted with --sentence-transformers-dense-modules
+    // there will be two additional dense projection layers
+    // dense linear projections are applied after pooling
+    // TODO: move reranking logic here and generalize
+    llm->build_dense_out(dense_2_out_layers, dense_2_out_layers_b, dense_3_out_layers);
+
+    llm->res->set_outputs();
 
-    return std::move(llm->res);
+    return llm->res->get_gf();
 }
 
+
 //
 // interface implementation
 //
@@ -14137,7 +8685,7 @@ llama_model_params llama_model_default_params() {
     llama_model_params result = {
         /*.devices                     =*/ nullptr,
         /*.tensor_buft_overrides       =*/ nullptr,
-        /*.n_gpu_layers                =*/ 0,
+        /*.n_gpu_layers                =*/ -1,
         /*.split_mode                  =*/ LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER,
         /*.main_gpu                    =*/ 0,
         /*.tensor_split                =*/ nullptr,
@@ -14146,15 +8694,14 @@ llama_model_params llama_model_default_params() {
         /*.kv_overrides                =*/ nullptr,
         /*.vocab_only                  =*/ false,
         /*.use_mmap                    =*/ true,
+        /*.use_direct_io               =*/ false,
         /*.use_mlock                   =*/ false,
         /*.check_tensors               =*/ false,
+        /*.use_extra_bufts             =*/ true,
+        /*.no_host                     =*/ false,
+        /*.no_alloc                    =*/ false,
     };
 
-#ifdef GGML_USE_METAL
-    // note: we usually have plenty of VRAM, so by default offload all layers to the GPU
-    result.n_gpu_layers = 999;
-#endif
-
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -14178,6 +8725,14 @@ int32_t llama_model_n_embd(const llama_model * model) {
     return model->hparams.n_embd;
 }
 
+int32_t llama_model_n_embd_inp(const llama_model * model) {
+    return model->hparams.n_embd_inp();
+}
+
+int32_t llama_model_n_embd_out(const llama_model * model) {
+    return model->hparams.n_embd_out();
+}
+
 int32_t llama_model_n_layer(const llama_model * model) {
     return model->hparams.n_layer;
 }
@@ -14229,12 +8784,15 @@ int32_t llama_n_head(const llama_model * model) {
 llama_rope_type llama_model_rope_type(const llama_model * model) {
     switch (model->arch) {
         // these models do not use RoPE
+        case LLM_ARCH_CLIP:
         case LLM_ARCH_GPT2:
         case LLM_ARCH_GPTJ:
         case LLM_ARCH_MPT:
         case LLM_ARCH_REFACT:
         case LLM_ARCH_BLOOM:
         case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAMBA:
         case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2:
         case LLM_ARCH_T5:
         case LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER:
@@ -14244,10 +8802,14 @@ llama_rope_type llama_model_rope_type(const llama_model * model) {
         case LLM_ARCH_RWKV7:
         case LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7:
         case LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC:
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H:
+        case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON_H_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_KIMI_LINEAR:
             return LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NONE;
 
         // use what we call a normal RoPE, operating on pairs of consecutive head values
         case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA:
         case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4:
         case LLM_ARCH_DECI:
         case LLM_ARCH_BAICHUAN:
@@ -14263,38 +8825,56 @@ llama_rope_type llama_model_rope_type(const llama_model * model) {
         case LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2:
         case LLM_ARCH_PLM:
         case LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM:
-        case LLM_ARCH_GLM4:
         case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE:
         case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_HYBRID:
         case LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON:
         case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE:
         case LLM_ARCH_NEO_BERT:
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMOLLM3:
         case LLM_ARCH_ARCEE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5:
+        case LLM_ARCH_ERNIE4_5_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLAMA_EMBED:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MAINCODER:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM_DSA:
             return LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NORM;
 
         // the pairs of head values are offset by n_rot/2
         case LLM_ARCH_FALCON:
+        case LLM_ARCH_FALCON_H1:
         case LLM_ARCH_GROK:
         case LLM_ARCH_DBRX:
         case LLM_ARCH_BERT:
+        case LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MODERN_BERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_EUROBERT:
         case LLM_ARCH_STABLELM:
         case LLM_ARCH_BITNET:
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN:
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_DREAM:
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE:
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3:
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LLADA_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_RND1:
         case LLM_ARCH_OLMO2:
         case LLM_ARCH_OLMOE:
         case LLM_ARCH_PHI2:
         case LLM_ARCH_PHI3:
         case LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE:
         case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO3:
         case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA:
         case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA2:
         case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA3N:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GEMMA_EMBEDDING:
         case LLM_ARCH_STARCODER2:
         case LLM_ARCH_OPENELM:
         case LLM_ARCH_GPTNEOX:
@@ -14302,12 +8882,43 @@ llama_rope_type llama_model_rope_type(const llama_model * model) {
         case LLM_ARCH_ORION:
         case LLM_ARCH_NEMOTRON:
         case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE4:
+        case LLM_ARCH_EXAONE_MOE:
         case LLM_ARCH_MINICPM3:
+        case LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE2:
         case LLM_ARCH_DOTS1:
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_JAIS2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_OPENAI_MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_HUNYUAN_DENSE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_LFM2MOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_SMALLTHINKER:
+        case LLM_ARCH_SEED_OSS:
+        case LLM_ARCH_GROVEMOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_APERTUS:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MINIMAX_M2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_COGVLM:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PANGU_EMBED:
+        case LLM_ARCH_AFMOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3NEXT:
+        case LLM_ARCH_MIMO2:
+        case LLM_ARCH_STEP35:
             return LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
 
         case LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL:
+        case LLM_ARCH_PADDLEOCR:
             return LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VL:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN3VLMOE:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35:
+        case LLM_ARCH_QWEN35MOE:
+            return LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE;
+
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM4:
+            return model->hparams.use_mrope() ? LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE : LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NORM;
+        case LLM_ARCH_GLM4_MOE:
+            return model->hparams.use_mrope() ? LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE : LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
 
         // all model arches should be listed explicitly here
         case LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN:
@@ -14336,6 +8947,24 @@ int32_t llama_model_meta_count(const llama_model * model) {
     return (int)model->gguf_kv.size();
 }
 
+const char * llama_model_meta_key_str(llama_model_meta_key key) {
+    switch (key) {
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_SEQUENCE:        return "general.sampling.sequence";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_TOP_K:           return "general.sampling.top_k";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_TOP_P:           return "general.sampling.top_p";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIN_P:           return "general.sampling.min_p";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_XTC_PROBABILITY: return "general.sampling.xtc_probability";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_XTC_THRESHOLD:   return "general.sampling.xtc_threshold";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_TEMP:            return "general.sampling.temp";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_PENALTY_LAST_N:  return "general.sampling.penalty_last_n";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_PENALTY_REPEAT:  return "general.sampling.penalty_repeat";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT:        return "general.sampling.mirostat";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_TAU:    return "general.sampling.mirostat_tau";
+        case LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_ETA:    return "general.sampling.mirostat_eta";
+        default:                                            return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
 int32_t llama_model_meta_key_by_index(const llama_model * model, int i, char * buf, size_t buf_size) {
     if (i < 0 || i >= (int)model->gguf_kv.size()) {
         if (buf_size > 0) {
@@ -14377,7 +9006,7 @@ const char * llama_model_chat_template(const llama_model * model, const char * n
         // do not extend this list unless absolutely necessary
         // Mistral-Small-2503 does not have built-in chat template
         llama_vocab_pre_type pre_type = model->vocab.get_pre_type();
-        if (pre_type == LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TEKKEN && model->layers.size() == 40) {
+        if (!name && pre_type == LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TEKKEN && model->layers.size() == 40) {
             return "mistral-v7-tekken";
         }
 
@@ -14414,6 +9043,14 @@ bool llama_model_is_recurrent(const llama_model * model) {
     return llm_arch_is_recurrent(model->arch);
 }
 
+bool llama_model_is_hybrid(const llama_model * model) {
+    return llm_arch_is_hybrid(model->arch);
+}
+
+bool llama_model_is_diffusion(const llama_model * model) {
+    return llm_arch_is_diffusion(model->arch);
+}
+
 const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ggml_tensor *>> & llama_internal_get_tensor_map(const llama_model * model) {
     return model->tensors_by_name;
 }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.h
index 06e6c687943..25bf892e7e2 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-model.h
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
 #include "llama-memory.h"
 #include "llama-vocab.h"
 
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
 struct llama_cparams;
@@ -23,25 +25,38 @@ enum llm_type {
     LLM_TYPE_17M,
     LLM_TYPE_22M,
     LLM_TYPE_33M,
+    LLM_TYPE_47M,
     LLM_TYPE_60M,
     LLM_TYPE_70M,
     LLM_TYPE_80M,
     LLM_TYPE_109M,
     LLM_TYPE_137M,
+    LLM_TYPE_140M,
+    LLM_TYPE_149M,
     LLM_TYPE_160M,
     LLM_TYPE_190M,
     LLM_TYPE_220M,
     LLM_TYPE_250M,
+    LLM_TYPE_256M,
     LLM_TYPE_270M,
     LLM_TYPE_335M,
+    LLM_TYPE_350M,
+    LLM_TYPE_360M,
+    LLM_TYPE_395M,
     LLM_TYPE_410M,
     LLM_TYPE_450M,
     LLM_TYPE_475M,
+    LLM_TYPE_558M,
+    LLM_TYPE_700M,
     LLM_TYPE_770M,
     LLM_TYPE_780M,
+    LLM_TYPE_950M,
+    LLM_TYPE_0_3B,
     LLM_TYPE_0_5B,
     LLM_TYPE_0_6B,
+    LLM_TYPE_0_8B,
     LLM_TYPE_1B,
+    LLM_TYPE_1_2B,
     LLM_TYPE_1_3B,
     LLM_TYPE_1_4B,
     LLM_TYPE_1_5B,
@@ -49,6 +64,7 @@ enum llm_type {
     LLM_TYPE_1_7B,
     LLM_TYPE_1_8B,
     LLM_TYPE_2B,
+    LLM_TYPE_2_6B,
     LLM_TYPE_2_8B,
     LLM_TYPE_2_9B,
     LLM_TYPE_3B,
@@ -65,14 +81,17 @@ enum llm_type {
     LLM_TYPE_15B,
     LLM_TYPE_16B,
     LLM_TYPE_20B,
+    LLM_TYPE_26B,
     LLM_TYPE_27B,
     LLM_TYPE_30B,
     LLM_TYPE_32B,
     LLM_TYPE_34B,
     LLM_TYPE_35B,
+    LLM_TYPE_36B,
     LLM_TYPE_40B,
     LLM_TYPE_65B,
     LLM_TYPE_70B,
+    LLM_TYPE_120B,
     LLM_TYPE_142B,
     LLM_TYPE_236B,
     LLM_TYPE_290B,
@@ -93,8 +112,32 @@ enum llm_type {
     LLM_TYPE_57B_A14B,
     LLM_TYPE_17B_16E, // llama4 Scout
     LLM_TYPE_17B_128E, // llama4 Maverick
+    LLM_TYPE_A13B,
+    LLM_TYPE_7B_A1B,
+    LLM_TYPE_8B_A1B, // lfm2moe
+    LLM_TYPE_16B_A1B,
+    LLM_TYPE_21B_A3B, // Ernie MoE small
+    LLM_TYPE_24B_A2B, // lfm2moe
     LLM_TYPE_30B_A3B,
+    LLM_TYPE_31B_A3_5B,
+    LLM_TYPE_35B_A3B, // Qwen3.5
+    LLM_TYPE_48B_A3B, // Kimi Linear
+    LLM_TYPE_80B_A3B, // Qwen3 Next
+    LLM_TYPE_100B_A6B,
+    LLM_TYPE_102B_A12B, // Solar-Open
+    LLM_TYPE_106B_A12B, // GLM-4.5-Air
+    LLM_TYPE_120B_A12B, // Nemotron 3 Super
+    LLM_TYPE_122B_A10B, // Qwen3.5
+    LLM_TYPE_196B_A11B, // Step3.5-Flash
+    LLM_TYPE_230B_A10B, // Minimax M2
     LLM_TYPE_235B_A22B,
+    LLM_TYPE_300B_A47B, // Ernie MoE big
+    LLM_TYPE_310B_A15B, // /MiMo-V2-Flash
+    LLM_TYPE_355B_A32B, // GLM-4.5
+    LLM_TYPE_397B_A17B, // Qwen3.5
+    LLM_TYPE_744B_A40B, // GLM-5
+    LLM_TYPE_E2B,
+    LLM_TYPE_E4B,
 };
 
 std::string llama_rope_scaling_type_name(llama_rope_scaling_type rope_scaling_type);
@@ -150,6 +193,21 @@ struct llama_layer_convnext {
     struct ggml_tensor * gamma = nullptr;
 };
 
+struct llama_layer_shortconv {
+    struct ggml_tensor * in_proj  = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * conv     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * out_proj = nullptr;
+};
+
+struct llama_layer_nextn {
+    struct ggml_tensor * eh_proj          = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * embed_tokens     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * enorm            = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * hnorm            = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * shared_head_head = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * shared_head_norm = nullptr;
+};
+
 struct llama_layer {
     // normalization
     struct ggml_tensor * attn_norm       = nullptr;
@@ -169,6 +227,10 @@ struct llama_layer {
     struct ggml_tensor * ffn_sub_norm    = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * attn_norm_cross = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * attn_norm_enc   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_norm        = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_dt_norm     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_b_norm      = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_c_norm      = nullptr;
 
     // attention
     struct ggml_tensor * wq        = nullptr;
@@ -190,6 +252,7 @@ struct llama_layer {
     struct ggml_tensor * wk_enc    = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * wv_enc    = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * wo_enc    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * wqkv_gate = nullptr;
 
     // attention bias
     struct ggml_tensor * bq   = nullptr;
@@ -221,10 +284,25 @@ struct llama_layer {
     struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_enc   = nullptr;
 
     // ff MoE
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_inp  = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_exps = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_exps = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_exps   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_inp      = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_exps     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_exps     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_exps       = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_up_exps  = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_inp_b    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_exps_b   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_exps_b   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_exps_b     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_up_exps_b = nullptr;
+
+    // ff MoE per-expert scales (NVFP4 per-tensor scale2)
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_exps_s   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_exps_s   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_exps_s     = nullptr;
+
+    // ff MoE latent proj
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_latent_down = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_latent_up   = nullptr;
 
     // ff shared expert (shexp)
     struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_inp_shexp = nullptr;
@@ -232,6 +310,11 @@ struct llama_layer {
     struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_shexp     = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_shexp       = nullptr;
 
+    // ff adjugate experts (chexps)
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_chexps     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_chexps     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_chexps       = nullptr;
+
     // ff bias
     struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_b = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_b = nullptr; // b2
@@ -254,6 +337,12 @@ struct llama_layer {
     struct ggml_tensor * ssm_conv1d_b = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * ssm_dt_b     = nullptr;
 
+    // qwen3next
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_beta_alpha = nullptr;
+
+    // qwen3.5
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_alpha = nullptr;
+
     // rwkv
     struct ggml_tensor * time_mix_w1         = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * time_mix_w2         = nullptr;
@@ -308,17 +397,77 @@ struct llama_layer {
     struct ggml_tensor * rope_freqs = nullptr;
 
     // bitnet scale
-    struct ggml_tensor * wq_scale       = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wk_scale       = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wv_scale       = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * wo_scale       = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_scale = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_scale   = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_scale = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * wq_s       = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * wk_s       = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * wv_s       = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * wo_s       = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * wqkv_s     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * wqkv_gate_s = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_s = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_s   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_s = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_shexp_s = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_shexp_s   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_shexp_s = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_out_s  = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_alpha_s = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_beta_s  = nullptr;
+
+    // altup & laurel
+    struct ggml_tensor * per_layer_inp_gate   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * per_layer_proj       = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * per_layer_post_norm  = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * altup_correct_coef   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * altup_correct_scale  = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * altup_predict_coef   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * altup_router         = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * altup_router_norm    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * laurel_l             = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * laurel_r             = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * laurel_post_norm     = nullptr;
+
+    // openai-moe
+    struct ggml_tensor * attn_sinks = nullptr;
+
+    // cogvlm
+    struct ggml_tensor * visexp_attn_wqkv = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * visexp_attn_wo   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * visexp_ffn_gate  = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * visexp_ffn_down  = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * visexp_ffn_up    = nullptr;
+
+    // xIELU activation parameters for Apertus
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_act_alpha_n = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_act_alpha_p = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_act_beta    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_act_eps     = nullptr;
+
+    // Kimi Linear KDA (using ssm_ prefix for consistency)
+    // Note: ssm_dt_b already exists above (mamba bias), reused for Kimi dt_bias
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_q_conv = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_k_conv = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_v_conv = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_f_a    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_f_b    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_beta   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_g_a    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_g_b    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ssm_o_norm = nullptr;
+
+    // DSA (deepseek sparse attention)
+    struct ggml_tensor * indexer_k_norm   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * indexer_k_norm_b = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * indexer_proj     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * indexer_attn_k   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * indexer_attn_q_b = nullptr; // note: for lora a/b, not bias
 
     struct llama_layer_posnet posnet;
 
     struct llama_layer_convnext convnext;
+
+    struct llama_layer_shortconv shortconv;
+
+    struct llama_layer_nextn nextn;
 };
 
 struct llama_model {
@@ -350,13 +499,26 @@ struct llama_model {
     struct ggml_tensor * cls_b     = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * cls_out   = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * cls_out_b = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * cls_norm  = nullptr;
 
     struct ggml_tensor * conv1d   = nullptr;
     struct ggml_tensor * conv1d_b = nullptr;
 
+    // gemma3n altup
+    struct ggml_tensor * tok_embd_per_layer   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * altup_proj           = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * altup_unembd_proj    = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * per_layer_model_proj = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * per_layer_proj_norm  = nullptr;
+
     std::vector<llama_layer> layers;
 
-    llama_model_params params;
+    //Dense linear projections for SentenceTransformers models like embeddinggemma
+    // For Sentence Transformers models structure see
+    // https://sbert.net/docs/sentence_transformer/usage/custom_models.html#structure-of-sentence-transformer-models
+    struct ggml_tensor * dense_2_out_layers   = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * dense_2_out_layers_b = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * dense_3_out_layers   = nullptr;
 
     // gguf metadata
     std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> gguf_kv;
@@ -367,6 +529,9 @@ struct llama_model {
     // for quantize-stats only
     std::vector<std::pair<std::string, struct ggml_tensor *>> tensors_by_name;
 
+    // for keeping track of associated LoRA adapters
+    std::unordered_set<llama_adapter_lora *> loras;
+
     int64_t t_load_us  = 0;
     int64_t t_start_us = 0;
 
@@ -384,10 +549,15 @@ struct llama_model {
 
     std::string desc() const;
 
-    size_t size() const;
+    size_t size() const; // file size
     size_t n_tensors() const;
     size_t n_devices() const;
 
+    uint32_t n_gpu_layers() const;
+    llama_split_mode split_mode() const;
+
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const;
+
     // total number of parameters in the model
     uint64_t n_elements() const;
 
@@ -407,17 +577,15 @@ struct llama_model {
 
     ggml_tensor * get_rope_factors(const llama_cparams & cparams, int il) const;
 
-    // note: can mutate `cparams`
     // TODO: move this to new llm_arch_model_i interface
-    llama_memory_i * create_memory(const llama_memory_params & params, llama_cparams & cparams) const;
+    llama_memory_i * create_memory(const llama_memory_params & params, const llama_cparams & cparams) const;
 
     // TODO: move this to new llm_arch_model_i interface
-    llm_graph_result_ptr build_graph(
-            const llm_graph_params & params,
-                       ggml_cgraph * gf,
-                    llm_graph_type   type) const;
+    ggml_cgraph * build_graph(const llm_graph_params & params) const;
 
 private:
+    llama_model_params params;
+
     struct impl;
     std::unique_ptr<impl> pimpl;
 };
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-quant.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-quant.cpp
index 8cf45732fd6..8e8ce231249 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-quant.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-quant.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-#include "llama-quant.h"
-
+#include "llama.h"
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 #include "llama-model.h"
 #include "llama-model-loader.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <string>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -14,10 +13,28 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-// Quantization types. Changes to this struct must be replicated in quantize.cpp
-struct tensor_quantization {
+// result of parsing --tensor-type option
+// (changes to this struct must be reflected in tools/quantize/quantize.cpp)
+struct tensor_type_option {
     std::string name;
-    ggml_type quant = GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
+    ggml_type type = GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
+};
+
+// tensor categorization - used to avoid repeated string matching in quantization logic.
+// this is different from LLM_TN - we want broad categories, not specific tensor names per arch.
+enum class tensor_category {
+    TOKEN_EMBD,
+    ATTENTION_Q,
+    ATTENTION_V,
+    ATTENTION_K,
+    ATTENTION_QKV,
+    ATTENTION_KV_B,
+    ATTENTION_OUTPUT,
+    FFN_UP,
+    FFN_GATE,
+    FFN_DOWN,
+    OUTPUT,
+    OTHER
 };
 
 static void zeros(std::ofstream & file, size_t n) {
@@ -27,6 +44,123 @@ static void zeros(std::ofstream & file, size_t n) {
     }
 }
 
+static std::string remap_layer(const std::string & orig_name, const std::vector<int> & prune, std::map<int, std::string> & mapped, int & next_id) {
+    if (prune.empty()) {
+        return orig_name;
+    }
+
+    static const std::regex pattern(R"(blk\.(\d+)\.)");
+    if (std::smatch match; std::regex_search(orig_name, match, pattern)) {
+        const int blk = std::stoi(match[1]);
+        std::string new_name = orig_name;
+
+        if (mapped.count(blk)) {
+            // Already mapped, do nothing
+        } else if (std::find(prune.begin(), prune.end(), blk) != prune.end()) {
+            mapped[blk] = "";
+        } else if (blk < prune.front()) {
+            mapped[blk] = std::to_string(blk);
+            next_id = blk + 1;
+        } else {
+            mapped[blk] = std::to_string(next_id);
+            ++next_id;
+        }
+
+        return mapped[blk].empty() ? mapped[blk] : new_name.replace(match.position(1), match.length(1), mapped[blk]);
+    }
+
+    return orig_name;
+}
+
+static std::string remap_imatrix(const std::string & orig_name, const std::map<int, std::string> & mapped) {
+    if (mapped.empty()) {
+        return orig_name;
+    }
+
+    static const std::regex pattern(R"(blk\.(\d+)\.)");
+    if (std::smatch match; std::regex_search(orig_name, match, pattern)) {
+        const std::string blk(match[1]);
+        std::string new_name = orig_name;
+
+        for (const auto & p : mapped) {
+            if (p.second == blk) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("(blk.%d imatrix) ", p.first);
+                return new_name.replace(match.position(1), match.length(1), std::to_string(p.first));
+            }
+        }
+        GGML_ABORT("\n%s: imatrix mapping error for %s\n", __func__, orig_name.c_str());
+    }
+
+    return orig_name;
+}
+
+//
+// helper functions for tensor name matching
+//
+
+static bool tensor_name_match_token_embd(const char * tensor_name) {
+    return std::strcmp(tensor_name, "token_embd.weight") == 0 ||
+           std::strcmp(tensor_name, "per_layer_token_embd.weight") == 0;
+}
+
+static bool tensor_name_match_output_weight(const char * tensor_name) {
+    return std::strcmp(tensor_name, "output.weight") == 0;
+}
+
+//
+// tensor categorization for quantization
+//
+// (this is different from LLM_TN - we want broad categories, not specific tensor names per arch)
+//
+
+static tensor_category tensor_get_category(const std::string & tensor_name) {
+    if (tensor_name_match_output_weight(tensor_name.c_str())) {
+        return tensor_category::OUTPUT;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name_match_token_embd(tensor_name.c_str())) {
+        return tensor_category::TOKEN_EMBD;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("attn_qkv.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::ATTENTION_QKV;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("attn_kv_b.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::ATTENTION_KV_B;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("attn_v.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::ATTENTION_V;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("attn_k.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::ATTENTION_K;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("attn_q.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::ATTENTION_Q;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("attn_output.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::ATTENTION_OUTPUT;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("ffn_up") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::FFN_UP;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("ffn_gate") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::FFN_GATE;
+    }
+    if (tensor_name.find("ffn_down") != std::string::npos) {
+        return tensor_category::FFN_DOWN;
+    }
+    return tensor_category::OTHER;
+}
+
+// check if category is for attention-v-like tensors (more sensitive to quantization)
+static bool category_is_attn_v(tensor_category cat) {
+    return cat == tensor_category::ATTENTION_V     ||
+           cat == tensor_category::ATTENTION_QKV   ||
+           cat == tensor_category::ATTENTION_KV_B;
+}
+
+//
+// quantization state
+//
+
 struct quantize_state_impl {
     const llama_model                 & model;
     const llama_model_quantize_params * params;
@@ -40,20 +174,42 @@ struct quantize_state_impl {
     int i_ffn_gate     = 0;
     int i_ffn_up       = 0;
 
-    int n_k_quantized = 0;
     int n_fallback    = 0;
 
     bool has_imatrix = false;
 
-    // used to figure out if a model shares tok_embd with the output weight
-    bool has_output = false;
+    // used to figure out if a model has tied embeddings (tok_embd shares weights with output)
+    bool has_tied_embeddings = true; // assume tied until we see output.weight
+
+    // tensor type override patterns (compiled once, used twice)
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::regex, ggml_type>> tensor_type_patterns;
+
+    quantize_state_impl(const llama_model & model, const llama_model_quantize_params * params):
+        model(model), params(params)
+    {
+        // compile regex patterns once - they are expensive
+        if (params->tensor_types) {
+            const auto & tensor_types = *static_cast<const std::vector<tensor_type_option> *>(params->tensor_types);
+            for (const auto & [tname, qtype] : tensor_types) {
+                tensor_type_patterns.emplace_back(std::regex(tname), qtype);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
 
-    quantize_state_impl(const llama_model & model, const llama_model_quantize_params * params)
-        : model(model)
-        , params(params)
-        {}
+// per-tensor metadata, computed in the preliminary loop and used in the main loop
+struct tensor_metadata {
+    ggml_type       target_type;
+    tensor_category category;
+    std::string     remapped_imatrix_name;
+    bool            allows_quantization;
+    bool            requires_imatrix;
 };
 
+//
+// dequantization
+//
+
 static void llama_tensor_dequantize_impl(
     ggml_tensor * tensor, std::vector<no_init<float>> & output, std::vector<std::thread> & workers,
     const size_t nelements, const int nthread
@@ -126,12 +282,132 @@ static void llama_tensor_dequantize_impl(
     workers.clear();
 }
 
-static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_type, const ggml_tensor * tensor, llama_ftype ftype) {
+//
+// do we allow this tensor to be quantized?
+//
+
+static bool tensor_allows_quantization(const llama_model_quantize_params * params, llm_arch arch, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    // trivial checks first -- no string ops needed
+    if (params->only_copy)       return false;
+
+    // quantize only 2D and 3D tensors (experts)
+    if (ggml_n_dims(tensor) < 2) return false;
+
+    const std::string name = ggml_get_name(tensor);
+
+    // This used to be a regex, but <regex> has an extreme cost to compile times.
+    bool quantize = name.rfind("weight") == name.size() - 6; // ends with 'weight'?
+
+    // do not quantize norm tensors
+    quantize &= name.find("_norm.weight") == std::string::npos;
+
+    quantize &= params->quantize_output_tensor || name != "output.weight";
+
+    // do not quantize expert gating tensors
+    // NOTE: can't use LLM_TN here because the layer number is not known
+    quantize &= name.find("ffn_gate_inp.weight") == std::string::npos;
+
+    // these are very small (e.g. 4x4)
+    quantize &= name.find("altup")  == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("laurel") == std::string::npos;
+
+    // these are not too big so keep them as it is
+    quantize &= name.find("per_layer_model_proj") == std::string::npos;
+
+    // do not quantize positional embeddings and token types (BERT)
+    quantize &= name != LLM_TN(arch)(LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,    "weight");
+    quantize &= name != LLM_TN(arch)(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES, "weight");
+
+    // do not quantize Mamba/Kimi's small conv1d weights
+    // NOTE: can't use LLM_TN here because the layer number is not known
+    quantize &= name.find("ssm_conv1d") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("shortconv.conv.weight") == std::string::npos;
+
+    // do not quantize RWKV's small yet 2D weights
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_first.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_w0.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_w1.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_w2.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_v0.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_v1.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_v2.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_a0.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_a1.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_a2.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_g1.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_g2.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_decay_w1.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_decay_w2.weight") == std::string::npos;
+    quantize &= name.find("time_mix_lerp_fused.weight") == std::string::npos;
+
+    // do not quantize relative position bias (T5)
+    quantize &= name.find("attn_rel_b.weight") == std::string::npos;
+
+    // do not quantize specific multimodal tensors
+    quantize &= name.find(".position_embd.") == std::string::npos;
+
+    return quantize;
+}
+
+//
+// tensor type selection
+//
+
+// incompatible tensor shapes are handled here - fallback to a compatible type
+static ggml_type tensor_type_fallback(quantize_state_impl & qs, const ggml_tensor * t, const ggml_type target_type) {
+    ggml_type return_type = target_type;
+
+    const int64_t ncols = t->ne[0];
+    const int64_t qk_k = ggml_blck_size(target_type);
+
+    if (ncols % qk_k != 0) { // this tensor's shape is incompatible with this quant
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("warning: %-36s - ncols %6" PRId64 " not divisible by %3" PRId64 " (required for type %7s) ",
+                        t->name, ncols, qk_k, ggml_type_name(target_type));
+        ++qs.n_fallback;
+
+        switch (target_type) {
+            // types on the left: block size 256
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:   // types on the right: block size 32
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:  return_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL; break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:   return_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_0;   break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    return_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_0;   break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:    return_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_1;   break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:    return_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;   break;
+            default:
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("no tensor type fallback is defined for type %s",
+                                                ggml_type_name(target_type)));
+        }
+        if (ncols % ggml_blck_size(return_type) != 0) {
+            //
+            // the fallback return type is still not compatible for this tensor!
+            //
+            // most likely, this tensor's first dimension is not divisible by 32.
+            // this is very rare. we can either abort the quantization, or
+            // fallback to F16 / F32.
+            //
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("(WARNING: must use F16 due to unusual shape) ");
+            return_type = GGML_TYPE_F16;
+        }
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("-> falling back to %7s\n", ggml_type_name(return_type));
+    }
+    return return_type;
+}
+
+// internal standard logic for selecting the target tensor type based on tensor category, ftype, and model arch
+static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type_impl(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_type, const ggml_tensor * tensor, llama_ftype ftype, tensor_category category) {
     const std::string name = ggml_get_name(tensor);
 
     // TODO: avoid hardcoded tensor names - use the TN_* constants
     const llm_arch arch = qs.model.arch;
-    const auto       tn = LLM_TN(arch);
 
     auto use_more_bits = [](int i_layer, int n_layers) -> bool {
         return i_layer < n_layers/8 || i_layer >= 7*n_layers/8 || (i_layer - n_layers/8)%3 == 2;
@@ -155,14 +431,17 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
 
     // for arches that share the same tensor between the token embeddings and the output, we quantize the token embeddings
     // with the quantization of the output tensor
-    if (name == tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight") || (!qs.has_output && name == tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"))) {
+    if (category == tensor_category::OUTPUT || (qs.has_tied_embeddings && category == tensor_category::TOKEN_EMBD)) {
         if (qs.params->output_tensor_type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT) {
             new_type = qs.params->output_tensor_type;
         } else {
             const int64_t nx = tensor->ne[0];
             const int64_t qk_k = ggml_blck_size(new_type);
 
-            if (arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON || nx % qk_k != 0) {
+            if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4_MOE) {
+                new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+            }
+            else if (arch == LLM_ARCH_FALCON || nx % qk_k != 0) {
                 new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
             }
             else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS ||
@@ -174,7 +453,15 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
                 new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q6_K;
             }
         }
-    } else if (name == "token_embd.weight") {
+    } else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4_MOE) {
+        // MoE   tensors -> MXFP4
+        // other tensors -> Q8_0
+        if (tensor->ne[2] > 1) {
+            new_type = GGML_TYPE_MXFP4;
+        } else {
+            new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+        }
+    } else if (category == tensor_category::TOKEN_EMBD) {
         if (qs.params->token_embedding_type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT) {
             new_type = qs.params->token_embedding_type;
         } else {
@@ -194,21 +481,21 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
         }
     } else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_S ||
                ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M    || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M) {
-        if (name.find("attn_v.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        if (category_is_attn_v(category)) {
             if (qs.model.hparams.n_gqa() >= 4 || qs.model.hparams.n_expert >= 4) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;
             else new_type = ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M ? GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S : GGML_TYPE_Q2_K;
             ++qs.i_attention_wv;
         }
-        else if (qs.model.hparams.n_expert == 8 && name.find("attn_k.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        else if (qs.model.hparams.n_expert == 8 && category == tensor_category::ATTENTION_K) {
             new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;
         }
-        else if (name.find("ffn_down") != std::string::npos) {
+        else if (category == tensor_category::FFN_DOWN) {
             if (qs.i_ffn_down < qs.n_ffn_down/8) {
                 new_type = ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M ? GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S : GGML_TYPE_Q2_K;
             }
             ++qs.i_ffn_down;
         }
-        else if (name.find("attn_output.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+        else if (category == tensor_category::ATTENTION_OUTPUT) {
             if (qs.model.hparams.n_expert == 8) {
                 new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_K;
             } else {
@@ -216,7 +503,7 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
                 else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M) new_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S;
             }
         }
-    } else if (name.find("attn_v.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+    } else if (category_is_attn_v(category)) {
         if      (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K) {
             new_type = qs.model.hparams.n_gqa() >= 4 ? GGML_TYPE_Q4_K : GGML_TYPE_Q3_K;
         }
@@ -254,7 +541,7 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
             new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
         }
         ++qs.i_attention_wv;
-    } else if (name.find("attn_k.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+    } else if (category == tensor_category::ATTENTION_K) {
         if (qs.model.hparams.n_expert == 8) {
             // for the 8-expert model, bumping this to Q8_0 trades just ~128MB
             // TODO: explore better strategies
@@ -266,14 +553,14 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
         else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS) {
             new_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S;
         }
-    } else if (name.find("attn_q.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+    } else if (category == tensor_category::ATTENTION_Q) {
         if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS) {
             new_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS;
         }
         else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS) {
             new_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S;
         }
-    } else if (name.find("ffn_down") != std::string::npos) {
+    } else if (category == tensor_category::FFN_DOWN) {
         auto info = layer_info(qs.i_ffn_down, qs.n_ffn_down, name.c_str());
         int i_layer = info.first, n_layer = info.second;
         if      (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q3_K;
@@ -318,7 +605,7 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
             new_type = ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0 ? GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 : GGML_TYPE_Q5_1;
         }
         ++qs.i_ffn_down;
-    } else if (name.find("attn_output.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+    } else if (category == tensor_category::ATTENTION_OUTPUT) {
         if (arch != LLM_ARCH_FALCON) {
             if (qs.model.hparams.n_expert == 8) {
                 if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K   || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS ||
@@ -338,14 +625,14 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
             if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;
         }
     }
-    else if (name.find("attn_qkv.weight") != std::string::npos) {
+    else if (category == tensor_category::ATTENTION_QKV) {
         if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L || ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_M) {
             new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;
         }
         else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_M) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_K;
         else if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q6_K;
     }
-    else if (name.find("ffn_gate") != std::string::npos) {
+    else if (category == tensor_category::FFN_GATE) {
         auto info = layer_info(qs.i_ffn_gate, qs.n_ffn_gate, name.c_str());
         int i_layer = info.first, n_layer = info.second;
         if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS && (i_layer >= n_layer/8 && i_layer < 7*n_layer/8)) {
@@ -353,7 +640,7 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
         }
         ++qs.i_ffn_gate;
     }
-    else if (name.find("ffn_up") != std::string::npos) {
+    else if (category == tensor_category::FFN_UP) {
         auto info = layer_info(qs.i_ffn_up, qs.n_ffn_up, name.c_str());
         int i_layer = info.first, n_layer = info.second;
         if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS && (i_layer >= n_layer/8 && i_layer < 7*n_layer/8)) {
@@ -362,60 +649,58 @@ static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, ggml_type new_t
         ++qs.i_ffn_up;
     }
 
-    //    if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q3_K;
-    //}
-    // IK: let's remove this, else Q2_K is almost the same as Q3_K_S
-    //else if (name.find("ffn_gate") != std::string::npos || name.find("ffn_up") != std::string::npos) {
-    //    if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q3_K;
-    //}
-    // This can be used to reduce the size of the Q5_K_S model.
-    // The associated PPL increase is fully in line with the size reduction
-    //else {
-    //    if (ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S) new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;
-    //}
-    bool convert_incompatible_tensor = false;
-    {
-        const int64_t nx = tensor->ne[0];
-        const int64_t ny = tensor->ne[1];
-        const int64_t qk_k = ggml_blck_size(new_type);
+    return new_type;
+}
 
-        if (nx % qk_k != 0) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("\n\n%s : tensor cols %" PRId64 " x %" PRId64 " are not divisible by %" PRId64 ", required for %s", __func__, nx, ny, qk_k, ggml_type_name(new_type));
-            convert_incompatible_tensor = true;
-        } else {
-            ++qs.n_k_quantized;
-        }
+// outer wrapper: determine the ggml_type that this tensor should be quantized to
+static ggml_type llama_tensor_get_type(quantize_state_impl & qs, const llama_model_quantize_params * params, const ggml_tensor * tensor, ggml_type default_type, const tensor_metadata & tm) {
+    if (!tensor_allows_quantization(params, qs.model.arch, tensor)) {
+        return tensor->type;
+    }
+    if (params->token_embedding_type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT && tm.category == tensor_category::TOKEN_EMBD) {
+        return params->token_embedding_type;
+    }
+    if (params->output_tensor_type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT && tm.category == tensor_category::OUTPUT) {
+        return params->output_tensor_type;
     }
 
-    if (convert_incompatible_tensor) {
-        switch (new_type) {
-            case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
-            case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:  new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_0; break;  // TODO: use a symmetric type instead
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS: new_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL; break;
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:   new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_0;   break;
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:   new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_1;   break;
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:   new_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;   break;
-            default: throw std::runtime_error("\nUnsupported tensor size encountered\n");
+    ggml_type new_type = default_type;
+
+    // get more optimal quantization type based on the tensor shape, layer, etc.
+    if (!params->pure && ggml_is_quantized(default_type)) {
+        // if the user provided tensor types - use those
+        bool manual = false;
+        if (!qs.tensor_type_patterns.empty()) {
+            const std::string tensor_name(tensor->name);
+            for (const auto & [pattern, qtype] : qs.tensor_type_patterns) {
+                if (std::regex_search(tensor_name, pattern)) {
+                    if (qtype != new_type) {
+                        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: %-36s - applying manual override: %s -> %s\n",
+                                       __func__, tensor_name.c_str(), ggml_type_name(new_type), ggml_type_name(qtype));
+                        new_type = qtype;
+                        manual = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
-        if (tensor->ne[0] % ggml_blck_size(new_type) != 0) {
-            new_type = GGML_TYPE_F16;
+
+        // if not manual - use the standard logic for choosing the quantization type based on the selected mixture
+        if (!manual) {
+            new_type = llama_tensor_get_type_impl(qs, new_type, tensor, params->ftype, tm.category);
         }
-        LLAMA_LOG_WARN(" - using fallback quantization %s\n", ggml_type_name(new_type));
-        ++qs.n_fallback;
+
+        // incompatible tensor shapes are handled here - fallback to a compatible type
+        new_type = tensor_type_fallback(qs, tensor, new_type);
     }
 
     return new_type;
 }
 
+//
+// quantization implementation
+//
+
 static size_t llama_tensor_quantize_impl(enum ggml_type new_type, const float * f32_data, void * new_data, const int64_t chunk_size, int64_t nrows, int64_t n_per_row, const float * imatrix, std::vector<std::thread> & workers, const int nthread) {
     if (nthread < 2) {
         // single-thread
@@ -470,48 +755,85 @@ static size_t llama_tensor_quantize_impl(enum ggml_type new_type, const float *
     return new_size;
 }
 
-static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::string & fname_out, const llama_model_quantize_params * params) {
-    ggml_type default_type;
-    llama_ftype ftype = params->ftype;
+//
+// imatrix requirement check
+//
+
+static bool tensor_requires_imatrix(const char * tensor_name, const ggml_type dst_type, const llama_ftype ftype) {
+    if (tensor_name_match_token_embd(tensor_name) || tensor_name_match_output_weight(tensor_name)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    switch (dst_type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            // as a general rule, the k-type quantizations don't require imatrix data.
+            // the only exception is Q2_K tensors that are part of a Q2_K_S file.
+            return ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K_S;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+//
+// given a file type, get the default tensor type
+//
+
+static ggml_type llama_ftype_get_default_type(llama_ftype ftype) {
+    switch (ftype) {
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0: return GGML_TYPE_Q4_0;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1: return GGML_TYPE_Q4_1;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0: return GGML_TYPE_Q5_0;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1: return GGML_TYPE_Q5_1;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0: return GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16:  return GGML_TYPE_F16;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_BF16: return GGML_TYPE_BF16;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_ALL_F32:     return GGML_TYPE_F32;
 
-    switch (params->ftype) {
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0: default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_0; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1: default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_1; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0: default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_0; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1: default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_1; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0: default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_F16;  break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_BF16: default_type = GGML_TYPE_BF16; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_ALL_F32:     default_type = GGML_TYPE_F32;  break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4_MOE: return GGML_TYPE_MXFP4;
 
         // K-quants
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K_S:
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:    default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q2_K;    break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S;   break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:    return GGML_TYPE_Q2_K;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XS:  return GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S;
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_S:
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M:
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q3_K;    break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L:  return GGML_TYPE_Q3_K;
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_S:
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_M:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;    break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_M:  return GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S:
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q5_K;    break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K:    default_type = GGML_TYPE_Q6_K;    break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ1_0:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0;   break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ2_0:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0;   break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS: default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS;  break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS;  break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S;   break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS: default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS; break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_S:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S;   break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M;   break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_NL:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL;  break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS:  default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS;  break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_S:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S;   break;
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_M:   default_type = GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S;   break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M:  return GGML_TYPE_Q5_K;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K:    return GGML_TYPE_Q6_K;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ1_0:   return GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ2_0:   return GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS: return GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS:  return GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S:   return GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_M:   return GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS: return GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_S:   return GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M:   return GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_NL:  return GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS:  return GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_S:
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_M:   return GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S;
 
         default: throw std::runtime_error(format("invalid output file type %d\n", ftype));
     }
+}
+
+//
+// main quantization driver
+//
+
+static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::string & fname_out, const llama_model_quantize_params * params) {
+    ggml_type default_type;
+    llama_ftype ftype = params->ftype;
 
     int nthread = params->nthread;
 
@@ -519,6 +841,8 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
         nthread = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
     }
 
+    default_type = llama_ftype_get_default_type(ftype);
+
     // mmap consistently increases speed on Linux, and also increases speed on Windows with
     // hot cache. It may cause a slowdown on macOS, possibly related to free memory.
 #if defined(__linux__) || defined(_WIN32)
@@ -534,7 +858,8 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
     }
 
     std::vector<std::string> splits = {};
-    llama_model_loader ml(fname_inp, splits, use_mmap, /*check_tensors*/ true, kv_overrides, nullptr);
+    llama_model_loader ml(/*metadata*/ nullptr, /*set_tensor_data*/ nullptr, /*set_tensor_data_ud*/ nullptr,
+        fname_inp, splits, use_mmap, /*use_direct_io*/ false, /*check_tensors*/ true, /*no_alloc*/ false, kv_overrides, nullptr);
     ml.init_mappings(false); // no prefetching
 
     llama_model model(llama_model_default_params());
@@ -552,7 +877,8 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
     if (params->imatrix) {
         imatrix_data = static_cast<const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<float>>*>(params->imatrix);
         if (imatrix_data) {
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("================================ Have weights data with %d entries\n",int(imatrix_data->size()));
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("\n%s: have importance matrix data with %d entries\n",
+                           __func__, (int)imatrix_data->size());
             qs.has_imatrix = true;
             // check imatrix for nans or infs
             for (const auto & kv : *imatrix_data) {
@@ -568,8 +894,13 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
     const size_t align = GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT;
     gguf_context_ptr ctx_out { gguf_init_empty() };
 
+    std::vector<int> prune_list = {};
+    if (params->prune_layers) {
+        prune_list = *static_cast<const std::vector<int> *>(params->prune_layers);
+    }
+
     // copy the KV pairs from the input file
-    gguf_set_kv     (ctx_out.get(), ml.meta.get());
+    gguf_set_kv     (ctx_out.get(), ml.metadata);
     gguf_set_val_u32(ctx_out.get(), "general.quantization_version", GGML_QNT_VERSION); // TODO: use LLM_KV
     gguf_set_val_u32(ctx_out.get(), "general.file_type", ftype); // TODO: use LLM_KV
 
@@ -586,7 +917,7 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
                 gguf_set_val_f32(ctx_out.get(), o.key, o.val_f64);
             } else if (o.tag == LLAMA_KV_OVERRIDE_TYPE_INT) {
                 // Setting type to UINT32. See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14182 for context
-                gguf_set_val_u32(ctx_out.get(), o.key, (uint32_t)abs(o.val_i64));
+                gguf_set_val_u32(ctx_out.get(), o.key, (uint32_t)std::abs(o.val_i64));
             } else if (o.tag == LLAMA_KV_OVERRIDE_TYPE_BOOL) {
                 gguf_set_val_bool(ctx_out.get(), o.key, o.val_bool);
             } else if (o.tag == LLAMA_KV_OVERRIDE_TYPE_STR) {
@@ -597,12 +928,28 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
         }
     }
 
+    std::map<int, std::string> mapped;
+    int blk_id = 0;
+
     // make a list of weights
     std::vector<const llama_model_loader::llama_tensor_weight *> tensors;
     tensors.reserve(ml.weights_map.size());
     for (const auto & it : ml.weights_map) {
+        const std::string remapped_name(remap_layer(it.first, prune_list, mapped, blk_id));
+        if (remapped_name.empty()) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: pruning tensor %s\n", __func__, it.first.c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (remapped_name != it.first) {
+            ggml_set_name(it.second.tensor, remapped_name.c_str());
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: tensor %s remapped to %s\n", __func__, it.first.c_str(), ggml_get_name(it.second.tensor));
+        }
         tensors.push_back(&it.second);
     }
+    if (!prune_list.empty()) {
+        gguf_set_val_u32(ctx_out.get(), ml.llm_kv(LLM_KV_BLOCK_COUNT).c_str(), blk_id);
+    }
 
     // keep_split requires that the weights are sorted by split index
     if (params->keep_split) {
@@ -614,47 +961,7 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
         });
     }
 
-    for (const auto * it : tensors) {
-        const struct ggml_tensor * tensor = it->tensor;
-
-        const std::string name = ggml_get_name(tensor);
-
-        // TODO: avoid hardcoded tensor names - use the TN_* constants
-        if (name.find("attn_v.weight")   != std::string::npos ||
-            name.find("attn_qkv.weight") != std::string::npos ||
-            name.find("attn_kv_b.weight")!= std::string::npos) {
-            ++qs.n_attention_wv;
-        } else if (name == LLM_TN(model.arch)(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT, "weight")) {
-            qs.has_output = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    qs.n_ffn_down = qs.n_ffn_gate = qs.n_ffn_up = (int)model.hparams.n_layer;
-
-    // sanity checks for models that have attention layers
-    if (qs.n_attention_wv != 0)
-    {
-        const auto & n_head_kv_iter = model.hparams.n_head_kv_arr.begin();
-        // attention layers have a non-zero number of kv heads
-        int32_t n_attn_layer = model.hparams.n_layer - std::count(n_head_kv_iter, n_head_kv_iter + model.hparams.n_layer, 0);
-        if (llama_model_has_encoder(&model)) {
-            n_attn_layer *= 3;
-        }
-        GGML_ASSERT((qs.n_attention_wv == n_attn_layer) && "n_attention_wv is unexpected");
-    }
-
-    size_t total_size_org = 0;
-    size_t total_size_new = 0;
-
-    std::vector<std::thread> workers;
-    workers.reserve(nthread);
-
     int idx = 0;
-
-    std::vector<no_init<uint8_t>> read_data;
-    std::vector<no_init<uint8_t>> work;
-    std::vector<no_init<float>> f32_conv_buf;
-
     uint16_t n_split = 1;
 
     // Assume split index is continuous
@@ -666,14 +973,68 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
     std::vector<gguf_context_ptr> ctx_outs(n_split);
     ctx_outs[0] = std::move(ctx_out);
 
-    // populate the original tensors so we get an initial meta data
-    for (const auto * it : tensors) {
+    // compute tensor metadata once and cache it
+    std::vector<tensor_metadata> metadata(tensors.size());
+
+    // initialize quantization state before preliminary loop (counters for use_more_bits)
+    {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tensors.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto cat = tensor_get_category(tensors[i]->tensor->name);
+            if (category_is_attn_v(cat)) {
+                ++qs.n_attention_wv;
+            }
+            if (cat == tensor_category::OUTPUT) {
+                qs.has_tied_embeddings = false;
+            }
+            metadata[i].category = cat; // save and re-use the category while we're at it
+        }
+        // these also need to be set to n_layer by default
+        qs.n_ffn_down = qs.n_ffn_gate = qs.n_ffn_up = (int)qs.model.hparams.n_layer;
+    }
+
+    // flag for --dry-run
+    bool will_require_imatrix = false;
+
+    //
+    // preliminary iteration over all weights
+    //
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < tensors.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto * it = tensors[i];
+        const struct ggml_tensor * tensor = it->tensor;
+        const std::string name = ggml_get_name(tensor);
+
         uint16_t i_split = params->keep_split ? it->idx : 0;
-        ggml_tensor * tensor = it->tensor;
         if (!ctx_outs[i_split]) {
             ctx_outs[i_split].reset(gguf_init_empty());
         }
         gguf_add_tensor(ctx_outs[i_split].get(), tensor);
+
+        metadata[i].allows_quantization = tensor_allows_quantization(params, model.arch, tensor);
+
+        if (metadata[i].allows_quantization) {
+            metadata[i].target_type = llama_tensor_get_type(qs, params, tensor, default_type, metadata[i]);
+        } else {
+            metadata[i].target_type = tensor->type;
+        }
+
+        metadata[i].requires_imatrix = tensor_requires_imatrix(tensor->name, metadata[i].target_type, ftype);
+
+        if (params->imatrix) {
+            metadata[i].remapped_imatrix_name = remap_imatrix(tensor->name, mapped);
+        } else if (metadata[i].allows_quantization && metadata[i].requires_imatrix) {
+            if (params->dry_run) {
+                will_require_imatrix = true;
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("\n============================================================================\n"
+                                " ERROR: this quantization requires an importance matrix!\n"
+                                "        - offending tensor: %s\n"
+                                "        - target type: %s\n"
+                                "============================================================================\n\n",
+                                name.c_str(), ggml_type_name(metadata[i].target_type));
+                throw std::runtime_error("this quantization requires an imatrix!");
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // Set split info if needed
@@ -681,10 +1042,20 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
         for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx_outs.size(); ++i) {
             gguf_set_val_u16(ctx_outs[i].get(), ml.llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_NO).c_str(), i);
             gguf_set_val_u16(ctx_outs[i].get(), ml.llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT).c_str(), n_split);
-            gguf_set_val_i32(ctx_outs[i].get(), ml.llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_TENSORS_COUNT).c_str(), ml.n_tensors);
+            gguf_set_val_i32(ctx_outs[i].get(), ml.llm_kv(LLM_KV_SPLIT_TENSORS_COUNT).c_str(), (int32_t)tensors.size());
         }
     }
 
+    size_t total_size_org = 0;
+    size_t total_size_new = 0;
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> workers;
+    workers.reserve(nthread);
+
+    std::vector<no_init<uint8_t>> read_data;
+    std::vector<no_init<uint8_t>> work;
+    std::vector<no_init<float>> f32_conv_buf;
+
     int cur_split = -1;
     std::ofstream fout;
     auto close_ofstream = [&]() {
@@ -714,218 +1085,182 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_impl(const std::string & fname_inp, const std::
         ::zeros(fout, meta_size);
     };
 
-    const auto tn = LLM_TN(model.arch);
-    new_ofstream(0);
-    for (const auto * it : tensors) {
-        const auto & weight = *it;
+    // no output file for --dry-run
+    if (!params->dry_run) {
+        new_ofstream(0);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // main loop: iterate over all weights
+    //
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < tensors.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto & weight = *tensors[i];
+        const auto & tm = metadata[i];
         ggml_tensor * tensor = weight.tensor;
-        if (weight.idx != cur_split && params->keep_split) {
+
+        if (!params->dry_run && (weight.idx != cur_split && params->keep_split)) {
             close_ofstream();
             new_ofstream(weight.idx);
         }
 
         const std::string name = ggml_get_name(tensor);
+        const size_t tensor_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
 
-        if (!ml.use_mmap) {
-            if (read_data.size() < ggml_nbytes(tensor)) {
-                read_data.resize(ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+        if (!params->dry_run) {
+            if (!ml.use_mmap) {
+                if (read_data.size() < tensor_size) {
+                    read_data.resize(tensor_size);
+                }
+                tensor->data = read_data.data();
             }
-            tensor->data = read_data.data();
+            ml.load_data_for(tensor);
         }
-        ml.load_data_for(tensor);
 
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("[%4d/%4d] %36s - [%s], type = %6s, ",
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("[%4d/%4d] %-36s - [%s], type = %6s, ",
                ++idx, ml.n_tensors,
                ggml_get_name(tensor),
                llama_format_tensor_shape(tensor).c_str(),
                ggml_type_name(tensor->type));
 
-        // This used to be a regex, but <regex> has an extreme cost to compile times.
-        bool quantize = name.rfind("weight") == name.size() - 6; // ends with 'weight'?
-
-        // quantize only 2D and 3D tensors (experts)
-        quantize &= (ggml_n_dims(tensor) >= 2);
-
-        // do not quantize norm tensors
-        quantize &= name.find("_norm.weight") == std::string::npos;
-
-        quantize &= params->quantize_output_tensor || name != "output.weight";
-        quantize &= !params->only_copy;
-
-        // do not quantize expert gating tensors
-        // NOTE: can't use LLM_TN here because the layer number is not known
-        quantize &= name.find("ffn_gate_inp.weight") == std::string::npos;
-
-        // do not quantize positional embeddings and token types (BERT)
-        quantize &= name != LLM_TN(model.arch)(LLM_TENSOR_POS_EMBD,    "weight");
-        quantize &= name != LLM_TN(model.arch)(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES, "weight");
-
-        // do not quantize Mamba's small yet 2D weights
-        // NOTE: can't use LLM_TN here because the layer number is not known
-        quantize &= name.find("ssm_conv1d.weight") == std::string::npos;
-
-        // do not quantize RWKV's small yet 2D weights
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_first.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_w0.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_w1.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_w2.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_v0.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_v1.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_v2.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_a0.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_a1.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_a2.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_g1.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_g2.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_decay_w1.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_decay_w2.weight") == std::string::npos;
-        quantize &= name.find("time_mix_lerp_fused.weight") == std::string::npos;
-
-        // do not quantize relative position bias (T5)
-        quantize &= name.find("attn_rel_b.weight") == std::string::npos;
-
-        ggml_type new_type;
+        const ggml_type cur_type = tensor->type;
+        const ggml_type new_type = tm.target_type;
+
+        // If we've decided to quantize to the same type the tensor is already
+        // in then there's nothing to do.
+        bool quantize = cur_type != new_type;
+
         void * new_data;
         size_t new_size;
 
-        if (quantize) {
-            new_type = default_type;
-
-            // get more optimal quantization type based on the tensor shape, layer, etc.
-            if (!params->pure && ggml_is_quantized(default_type)) {
-                new_type = llama_tensor_get_type(qs, new_type, tensor, ftype);
-                // unless the user specifies a type
-                if (params->tensor_types) {
-                    const std::vector<tensor_quantization> & tensor_types = *static_cast<const std::vector<tensor_quantization> *>(params->tensor_types);
-                    const std::string tensor_name(tensor->name);
-                    for (const auto & [tname, qtype] : tensor_types) {
-                        if (std::regex pattern(tname); std::regex_search(tensor_name, pattern)) {
-                            if  (qtype != new_type) {
-                                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("(overriding %s) ", ggml_type_name(new_type));
-                                new_type = qtype;
-                                break; // if two or more types are specified for the tensor, first match wins
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+        if (params->dry_run) {
+            // the --dry-run option calculates the final quantization size without quantizing
+            if (quantize) {
+                new_size = ggml_nrows(tensor) * ggml_row_size(new_type, tensor->ne[0]);
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("size = %8.2f MiB -> %8.2f MiB (%s)\n",
+                               tensor_size/1024.0/1024.0,
+                               new_size/1024.0/1024.0,
+                               ggml_type_name(new_type));
+                if (!will_require_imatrix && tm.requires_imatrix) {
+                    will_require_imatrix = true;
                 }
+            } else {
+                new_size = tensor_size;
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("size = %8.3f MiB\n", new_size/1024.0/1024.0);
             }
-
-            if (params->token_embedding_type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT && strcmp(tensor->name, "token_embd.weight") == 0) {
-                new_type = params->token_embedding_type;
-            }
-            if (params->output_tensor_type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT && strcmp(tensor->name, "output.weight") == 0) {
-                new_type = params->output_tensor_type;
-            }
-
-            // If we've decided to quantize to the same type the tensor is already
-            // in then there's nothing to do.
-            quantize = tensor->type != new_type;
-        }
-
-        if (!quantize) {
-            new_type = tensor->type;
-            new_data = tensor->data;
-            new_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("size = %8.3f MB\n", ggml_nbytes(tensor)/1024.0/1024.0);
+            total_size_org += tensor_size;
+            total_size_new += new_size;
+            continue;
         } else {
-            const int64_t nelements = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+            // no --dry-run, perform quantization
+            if (!quantize) {
+                new_data = tensor->data;
+                new_size = tensor_size;
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("size = %8.3f MiB\n", tensor_size/1024.0/1024.0);
+            } else {
+                const int64_t nelements = ggml_nelements(tensor);
 
-            const float * imatrix = nullptr;
-            if (imatrix_data) {
-                auto it = imatrix_data->find(tensor->name);
-                if (it == imatrix_data->end()) {
-                    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("\n====== %s: did not find weights for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
-                } else {
-                    if (it->second.size() == (size_t)tensor->ne[0]*tensor->ne[2]) {
-                        imatrix = it->second.data();
+                const float * imatrix = nullptr;
+                if (imatrix_data) {
+                    auto it = imatrix_data->find(tm.remapped_imatrix_name);
+                    if (it == imatrix_data->end()) {
+                        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("\n====== %s: did not find weights for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
                     } else {
-                        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("\n====== %s: imatrix size %d is different from tensor size %d for %s\n", __func__,
-                                int(it->second.size()), int(tensor->ne[0]*tensor->ne[2]), tensor->name);
-
-                        // this can happen when quantizing an old mixtral model with split tensors with a new incompatible imatrix
-                        // this is a significant error and it may be good idea to abort the process if this happens,
-                        // since many people will miss the error and not realize that most of the model is being quantized without an imatrix
-                        // tok_embd should be ignored in this case, since it always causes this warning
-                        if (name != tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight")) {
-                            throw std::runtime_error(format("imatrix size %d is different from tensor size %d for %s",
-                                    int(it->second.size()), int(tensor->ne[0]*tensor->ne[2]), tensor->name));
+                        if (it->second.size() == (size_t)tensor->ne[0]*tensor->ne[2]) {
+                            imatrix = it->second.data();
+                        } else {
+                            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("\n====== %s: imatrix size %d is different from tensor size %d for %s\n", __func__,
+                                    int(it->second.size()), int(tensor->ne[0]*tensor->ne[2]), tensor->name);
+
+                            // this can happen when quantizing an old mixtral model with split tensors with a new incompatible imatrix
+                            // this is a significant error and it may be good idea to abort the process if this happens,
+                            // since many people will miss the error and not realize that most of the model is being quantized without an imatrix
+                            // tok_embd should be ignored in this case, since it always causes this warning
+                            if (!tensor_name_match_token_embd(tensor->name)) {
+                                throw std::runtime_error(format("imatrix size %d is different from tensor size %d for %s",
+                                        int(it->second.size()), int(tensor->ne[0]*tensor->ne[2]), tensor->name));
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-            }
-            if ((new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS ||
-                 new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS  ||
-                 new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S   ||
-                 new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S   ||
-                (new_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M && strcmp(tensor->name, "token_embd.weight") && strcmp(tensor->name, "output.weight"))  ||
-                (new_type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K && params->ftype == LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K_S && strcmp(tensor->name, "token_embd.weight") != 0)) && !imatrix) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("\n\n============================================================\n");
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("Missing importance matrix for tensor %s in a very low-bit quantization\n", tensor->name);
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("The result will be garbage, so bailing out\n");
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("============================================================\n\n");
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("Missing importance matrix for tensor %s in a very low-bit quantization", tensor->name));
-            }
+                if (!imatrix && tm.requires_imatrix) {
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("\n\n============================================================\n");
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("Missing importance matrix for tensor %s in a very low-bit quantization\n", tensor->name);
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("The result will be garbage, so bailing out\n");
+                    LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("============================================================\n\n");
+                    throw std::runtime_error(format("Missing importance matrix for tensor %s in a very low-bit quantization", tensor->name));
+                }
 
-            float * f32_data;
+                float * f32_data;
 
-            if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                f32_data = (float *) tensor->data;
-            } else if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type) && !params->allow_requantize) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("requantizing from type %s is disabled", ggml_type_name(tensor->type)));
-            } else {
-                llama_tensor_dequantize_impl(tensor, f32_conv_buf, workers, nelements, nthread);
-                f32_data = (float *) f32_conv_buf.data();
-            }
+                if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    f32_data = (float *) tensor->data;
+                } else if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type) && !params->allow_requantize) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error(format("requantizing from type %s is disabled", ggml_type_name(tensor->type)));
+                } else {
+                    llama_tensor_dequantize_impl(tensor, f32_conv_buf, workers, nelements, nthread);
+                    f32_data = (float *) f32_conv_buf.data();
+                }
 
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("converting to %s .. ", ggml_type_name(new_type));
-            fflush(stdout);
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("converting to %s .. ", ggml_type_name(new_type));
+                fflush(stdout);
 
-            if (work.size() < (size_t)nelements * 4) {
-                work.resize(nelements * 4); // upper bound on size
-            }
-            new_data = work.data();
+                if (work.size() < (size_t)nelements * 4) {
+                    work.resize(nelements * 4); // upper bound on size
+                }
+                new_data = work.data();
 
-            const int64_t n_per_row = tensor->ne[0];
-            const int64_t nrows = tensor->ne[1];
+                const int64_t n_per_row = tensor->ne[0];
+                const int64_t nrows = tensor->ne[1];
 
-            static const int64_t min_chunk_size = 32 * 512;
-            const int64_t chunk_size = (n_per_row >= min_chunk_size ? n_per_row : n_per_row * ((min_chunk_size + n_per_row - 1)/n_per_row));
+                static const int64_t min_chunk_size = 32 * 512;
+                const int64_t chunk_size = (n_per_row >= min_chunk_size ? n_per_row : n_per_row * ((min_chunk_size + n_per_row - 1)/n_per_row));
 
-            const int64_t nelements_matrix = tensor->ne[0] * tensor->ne[1];
-            const int64_t nchunk = (nelements_matrix + chunk_size - 1)/chunk_size;
-            const int64_t nthread_use = nthread > 1 ? std::max((int64_t)1, std::min((int64_t)nthread, nchunk)) : 1;
+                const int64_t nelements_matrix = tensor->ne[0] * tensor->ne[1];
+                const int64_t nchunk = (nelements_matrix + chunk_size - 1)/chunk_size;
+                const int64_t nthread_use = nthread > 1 ? std::max((int64_t)1, std::min((int64_t)nthread, nchunk)) : 1;
 
-            // quantize each expert separately since they have different importance matrices
-            new_size = 0;
-            for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < tensor->ne[2]; ++i03) {
-                const float * f32_data_03 = f32_data + i03 * nelements_matrix;
-                void * new_data_03 = (char *)new_data + ggml_row_size(new_type, n_per_row) * i03 * nrows;
-                const float * imatrix_03 = imatrix ? imatrix + i03 * n_per_row : nullptr;
+                // quantize each expert separately since they have different importance matrices
+                new_size = 0;
+                for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < tensor->ne[2]; ++i03) {
+                    const float * f32_data_03 = f32_data + i03 * nelements_matrix;
+                    void * new_data_03 = (char *)new_data + ggml_row_size(new_type, n_per_row) * i03 * nrows;
+                    const float * imatrix_03 = imatrix ? imatrix + i03 * n_per_row : nullptr;
 
-                new_size += llama_tensor_quantize_impl(new_type, f32_data_03, new_data_03, chunk_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix_03, workers, nthread_use);
+                    new_size += llama_tensor_quantize_impl(new_type, f32_data_03, new_data_03, chunk_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix_03, workers, nthread_use);
+                }
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("size = %8.2f MiB -> %8.2f MiB\n", tensor_size/1024.0/1024.0, new_size/1024.0/1024.0);
             }
-            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("size = %8.2f MiB -> %8.2f MiB\n", ggml_nbytes(tensor)/1024.0/1024.0, new_size/1024.0/1024.0);
-        }
-        total_size_org += ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-        total_size_new += new_size;
+            total_size_org += tensor_size;
+            total_size_new += new_size;
+
+            // update the gguf meta data as we go
+            gguf_set_tensor_type(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str(), new_type);
+            GGML_ASSERT(gguf_get_tensor_size(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), gguf_find_tensor(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str())) == new_size);
+            gguf_set_tensor_data(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str(), new_data);
+
+            // write tensor data + padding
+            fout.write((const char *) new_data, new_size);
+            zeros(fout, GGML_PAD(new_size, align) - new_size);
+        } // no --dry-run
+    } // main loop
+
+    if (!params->dry_run) {
+        close_ofstream();
+    }
 
-        // update the gguf meta data as we go
-        gguf_set_tensor_type(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str(), new_type);
-        GGML_ASSERT(gguf_get_tensor_size(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), gguf_find_tensor(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str())) == new_size);
-        gguf_set_tensor_data(ctx_outs[cur_split].get(), name.c_str(), new_data);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model size  = %8.2f MiB (%.2f BPW)\n", __func__, total_size_org/1024.0/1024.0, total_size_org*8.0/ml.n_elements);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: quant size  = %8.2f MiB (%.2f BPW)\n", __func__, total_size_new/1024.0/1024.0, total_size_new*8.0/ml.n_elements);
 
-        // write tensor data + padding
-        fout.write((const char *) new_data, new_size);
-        zeros(fout, GGML_PAD(new_size, align) - new_size);
+    if (!params->imatrix && params->dry_run && will_require_imatrix) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: WARNING: dry run completed successfully, but actually completing this quantization will require an imatrix!\n",
+                       __func__
+        );
     }
-    close_ofstream();
-
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: model size  = %8.2f MB\n", __func__, total_size_org/1024.0/1024.0);
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: quant size  = %8.2f MB\n", __func__, total_size_new/1024.0/1024.0);
 
     if (qs.n_fallback > 0) {
         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: WARNING: %d of %d tensor(s) required fallback quantization\n",
-                __func__, qs.n_fallback, qs.n_k_quantized + qs.n_fallback);
+                __func__, qs.n_fallback, ml.n_tensors);
     }
 }
 
@@ -944,9 +1279,11 @@ llama_model_quantize_params llama_model_quantize_default_params() {
         /*.only_copy                   =*/ false,
         /*.pure                        =*/ false,
         /*.keep_split                  =*/ false,
+        /*.dry_run                     =*/ false,
         /*.imatrix                     =*/ nullptr,
         /*.kv_overrides                =*/ nullptr,
         /*.tensor_type                 =*/ nullptr,
+        /*.prune_layers                =*/ nullptr
     };
 
     return result;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampling.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampler.cpp
similarity index 55%
rename from examples/talk-llama/llama-sampling.cpp
rename to examples/talk-llama/llama-sampler.cpp
index bfbf5fa2301..9bbc5dbde24 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampling.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampler.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-#include "llama-sampling.h"
+#include "llama-sampler.h"
 
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 #include "llama-vocab.h"
 #include "llama-grammar.h"
 
+#include "ggml-cpp.h"
+
+#include <array>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cfloat>
@@ -128,6 +131,89 @@ struct ring_buffer {
     std::vector<T> data;
 };
 
+// writes result in res, does not mutate cur
+static void llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(const llama_token_data_array & cur, int npartial, std::vector<llama_token_data> & res) {
+    static const auto comp = [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
+        return a.logit > b.logit;
+    };
+
+    constexpr int   nbuckets     = 128;
+    constexpr float bucket_low   = -10.0f;
+    constexpr float bucket_high  =  10.0f;
+    constexpr float bucket_scale = nbuckets/(bucket_high - bucket_low);
+    constexpr float bucket_inter = -bucket_low * bucket_scale;
+
+    std::vector<int> bucket_idx;
+    std::vector<int> histo(nbuckets, 0);
+
+    std::vector<llama_token_data*> bucket_ptrs;
+
+    bucket_idx.reserve(cur.size);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cur.size; ++i) {
+        const float val = cur.data[i].logit;
+        int ib = int(bucket_scale * val + bucket_inter); //nbuckets * (val - bucket_low) / (bucket_high - bucket_low);
+        ib = std::max(0, std::min(nbuckets - 1, ib));
+        bucket_idx.push_back(ib);
+        ++histo[ib];
+    }
+    int nhave = 0;
+    int ib = nbuckets - 1;
+    for ( ; ib >= 0; --ib) {
+        nhave += histo[ib];
+        if (nhave >= npartial) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    res.resize(nhave);
+    auto * ptr = res.data();
+    bucket_ptrs.reserve(nbuckets - ib);
+    for (int j = nbuckets - 1; j >= ib; --j) {
+        bucket_ptrs.push_back(ptr);
+        ptr += histo[j];
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cur.size; ++i) {
+        int j = bucket_idx[i];
+        if (j >= ib) {
+            *bucket_ptrs[nbuckets - 1 - j]++ = cur.data[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    ptr = res.data();
+    int ndone = 0;
+    for (int j = nbuckets - 1; j > ib; --j) {
+        std::sort(ptr, ptr + histo[j], comp);
+        ptr += histo[j];
+        ndone += histo[j];
+    }
+    std::partial_sort(ptr, ptr + npartial - ndone, ptr + histo[ib], comp);
+}
+
+// reduces the size of cur_p to npartial, keeping only the top npartial elements
+static void llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, int npartial) {
+    static const auto comp = [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
+        return a.logit > b.logit;
+    };
+
+    if (npartial <= 128) {
+        std::partial_sort(cur_p->data, cur_p->data + npartial, cur_p->data + cur_p->size, comp);
+
+        cur_p->size = npartial;
+        cur_p->sorted = true;
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<llama_token_data> tmp;
+
+    llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(*cur_p, npartial, tmp);
+
+    std::copy(tmp.data(), tmp.data() + npartial, cur_p->data);
+
+    cur_p->size = npartial;
+    cur_p->sorted = true;
+}
+
 static int llama_sample_dist(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, std::mt19937 & rng) {
     // iterator for the probabilities
 #ifdef __GNUC__
@@ -200,18 +286,21 @@ static void llama_sampler_temp_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, float temp)
     }
 }
 
-static void llama_sampler_softmax_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
+static void llama_sampler_softmax_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, bool do_sort) {
     GGML_ASSERT(cur_p->size > 0);
 
-    // Sort the logits in descending order
-    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
-        std::sort(cur_p->data, cur_p->data + cur_p->size, [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
-            return a.logit > b.logit;
-        });
-        cur_p->sorted = true;
+    // Sort the logits in descending order if requested
+    if (do_sort && !cur_p->sorted) {
+        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, cur_p->size);
     }
 
     float max_l = cur_p->data[0].logit;
+    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
+            max_l = std::max(max_l, cur_p->data[i].logit);
+        }
+    }
+
     float cum_sum = 0.0f;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
@@ -226,7 +315,6 @@ static void llama_sampler_softmax_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_top_k_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, int32_t k) {
-    // TODO: move bucket sort to separate function so that top_p/typical/softmax first is equally fast
     // if (k >= (int32_t)cur_p->size) {
     //     return;
     // }
@@ -239,64 +327,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_top_k_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, int32_t k)
 
     // Sort scores in descending order
     if (!cur_p->sorted) {
-        auto comp = [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
-            return a.logit > b.logit;
-        };
-        if (k <= 128) {
-            std::partial_sort(cur_p->data, cur_p->data + k, cur_p->data + cur_p->size, comp);
-        } else {
-            constexpr int   nbuckets     = 128;
-            constexpr float bucket_low   = -10.0f;
-            constexpr float bucket_high  =  10.0f;
-            constexpr float bucket_scale = nbuckets/(bucket_high - bucket_low);
-            constexpr float bucket_inter = -bucket_low * bucket_scale;
-
-            std::vector<int> bucket_idx(cur_p->size);
-            std::vector<int> histo(nbuckets, 0);
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int)cur_p->size; ++i) {
-                const float val = cur_p->data[i].logit;
-                int ib = int(bucket_scale * val + bucket_inter); //nbuckets * (val - bucket_low) / (bucket_high - bucket_low);
-                ib = std::max(0, std::min(nbuckets - 1, ib));
-                bucket_idx[i] = ib;
-                ++histo[ib];
-            }
-            int nhave = 0;
-            int ib = nbuckets - 1;
-            for ( ; ib >= 0; --ib) {
-                nhave += histo[ib];
-                if (nhave >= k) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            std::vector<llama_token_data> tmp_tokens(nhave);
-            auto * ptr = tmp_tokens.data();
-            std::vector<llama_token_data*> bucket_ptrs;
-            bucket_ptrs.reserve(nbuckets - ib);
-            for (int j = nbuckets - 1; j >= ib; --j) {
-                bucket_ptrs.push_back(ptr);
-                ptr += histo[j];
-            }
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int)cur_p->size; ++i) {
-                int j = bucket_idx[i];
-                if (j >= ib) {
-                    *bucket_ptrs[nbuckets - 1 - j]++ = cur_p->data[i];
-                }
-            }
-
-            ptr = tmp_tokens.data();
-            int ndone = 0;
-            for (int j = nbuckets - 1; j > ib; --j) {
-                std::sort(ptr, ptr + histo[j], comp);
-                ptr += histo[j];
-                ndone += histo[j];
-            }
-            std::partial_sort(ptr, ptr + k - ndone, ptr + histo[ib], comp);
-
-            std::memcpy(cur_p->data, tmp_tokens.data(), k*sizeof(llama_token_data));
-
-        }
-        cur_p->sorted = true;
+        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, k);
     }
 
     cur_p->size = k;
@@ -317,7 +348,9 @@ static uint32_t get_rng_seed(uint32_t seed) {
 
 // llama_sampler API
 
-struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init(const struct llama_sampler_i * iface, llama_sampler_context_t ctx) {
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init(
+        struct llama_sampler_i * iface,
+        llama_sampler_context_t ctx) {
     return new llama_sampler {
         /* .iface = */ iface,
         /* .ctx   = */ ctx,
@@ -333,23 +366,39 @@ const char * llama_sampler_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 void llama_sampler_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
+    if (!smpl) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (smpl->iface->accept) {
         smpl->iface->accept(smpl, token);
     }
 }
 
 void llama_sampler_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, struct llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
+    if (!smpl) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     GGML_ASSERT(smpl->iface->apply);
     smpl->iface->apply(smpl, cur_p);
 }
 
 void llama_sampler_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    if (!smpl) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (smpl->iface->reset) {
         smpl->iface->reset(smpl);
     }
 }
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    if (!smpl) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     if (smpl->iface->clone) {
         return smpl->iface->clone(smpl);
     }
@@ -376,37 +425,200 @@ void llama_sampler_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     delete smpl;
 }
 
-llama_token llama_sampler_sample(struct llama_sampler * smpl, struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t idx) {
-    const auto * logits = llama_get_logits_ith(ctx, idx);
+// empty sampler
 
-    const llama_model * model = llama_get_model(ctx);
-    const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
+struct llama_sampler_empty {
+    const char * name;
+};
 
-    const int n_vocab = llama_vocab_n_tokens(vocab);
+static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_empty(const char * name);
+
+static const char * llama_sampler_empty_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_empty *) smpl->ctx;
+    return ctx->name;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_empty_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+    GGML_UNUSED(token);
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_empty_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+    GGML_UNUSED(cur_p);
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_empty_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+}
+
+static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_empty_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_empty *) smpl->ctx;
+    return llama_sampler_init_empty(ctx->name);
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_empty_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    delete (llama_sampler_empty *) smpl->ctx;
+}
+
+static bool llama_sampler_empty_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 
-    // TODO: do not allocate each time
-    std::vector<llama_token_data> cur;
-    cur.reserve(n_vocab);
-    for (llama_token token_id = 0; token_id < n_vocab; token_id++) {
-        cur.emplace_back(llama_token_data{token_id, logits[token_id], 0.0f});
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_empty_backend_accept(
+        struct llama_sampler * smpl,
+        ggml_context * ctx,
+        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        struct ggml_tensor * selected_token) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+    GGML_UNUSED(selected_token);
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_empty_backend_apply(
+          struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+          struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+          struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+          struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+    GGML_UNUSED(data);
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_empty_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+}
+
+static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_empty_i = {
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_empty_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_empty_accept,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_empty_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_empty_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_empty_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_empty_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_accept,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_set_input,
+};
+
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_empty(const char * name) {
+    return llama_sampler_init(
+        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_empty_i,
+        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_empty {
+            /* .name = */ name,
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+// common backend sampler functionality
+//
+// +name : means that the sampler is support and will run on the backend
+// -name : means that a ggml operator is not supported by the backend
+//
+struct llama_sampler_backend {
+    llama_sampler_backend(const char * name) : name(name), name_ext(name), is_init(false), support(false) {}
+
+    const char * get_name() {
+        if (!is_init) {
+            return name.c_str();
+        }
+
+        if (support) {
+            name_ext = "+" + name;
+        } else {
+            name_ext = "-" + name;
+        }
+
+        return name_ext.c_str();
     }
 
-    llama_token_data_array cur_p = {
-        /* .data       = */ cur.data(),
-        /* .size       = */ cur.size(),
-        /* .selected   = */ -1,
-        /* .sorted     = */ false,
+    void init(bool support) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(this->is_init == false);
+
+        this->is_init = true;
+        this->support = support;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::string name;
+    std::string name_ext;
+
+    bool is_init;
+    bool support;
+};
+
+// check if all ggml ops used by the sampler are supported by the backend
+static bool llama_sampler_backend_support(
+        llama_sampler              * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * device = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+    if (!device) {
+        // CPU backend always supported
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ggml_init_params params = {
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ 128*ggml_tensor_overhead() + ggml_graph_overhead(),
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
     };
 
-    llama_sampler_apply(smpl, &cur_p);
+    ggml_context_ptr ctx_ptr { ggml_init(params) };
+    if (!ctx_ptr) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
+    }
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(cur_p.selected >= 0 && cur_p.selected < (int32_t) cur_p.size);
+    ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
 
-    auto token = cur_p.data[cur_p.selected].id;
+    const int64_t n = 1024*1024;
 
-    llama_sampler_accept(smpl, token);
+    llama_sampler_data data = {
+        /*.logits     = */ ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n),
+        /*.probs      = */ nullptr,
+        /*.sampled    = */ nullptr,
+        /*.candidates = */ ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n),
+    };
 
-    return token;
+    ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx);
+
+    smpl->iface->backend_apply(smpl, ctx, gf, &data);
+
+    if (data.logits) {
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.logits);
+    }
+
+    if (data.probs) {
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.probs);
+    }
+
+    if (data.sampled) {
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.sampled);
+    }
+
+    if (data.candidates) {
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.candidates);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf); i++) {
+        struct ggml_tensor * op = ggml_graph_node(gf, i);
+
+        if (!ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(device, op)) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: device '%s' does not have support for op %s needed for sampler '%s'\n",
+                    __func__, ggml_backend_dev_name(device), ggml_op_name(op->op), smpl->iface->name(smpl));
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 // sampler chain
@@ -420,8 +632,8 @@ static void llama_sampler_chain_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token
 
     time_meas tm(chain->t_sample_us, chain->params.no_perf);
 
-    for (auto * smpl : chain->samplers) {
-        llama_sampler_accept(smpl, token);
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        llama_sampler_accept(smpl.ptr, token);
     }
 
     chain->n_sample++;
@@ -432,20 +644,29 @@ static void llama_sampler_chain_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_d
 
     time_meas tm(chain->t_sample_us, chain->params.no_perf);
 
-    for (auto * smpl : chain->samplers) {
-        llama_sampler_apply(smpl, cur_p);
+    bool is_backend = chain->is_init;
+
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        if (is_backend && smpl.is_backend) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        is_backend = false;
+
+        if (smpl.ptr->iface->apply == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        llama_sampler_apply(smpl.ptr, cur_p);
     }
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_chain_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 
-    for (auto * smpl : chain->samplers) {
-        llama_sampler_reset(smpl);
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        llama_sampler_reset(smpl.ptr);
     }
-
-    chain->t_sample_us = 0;
-    chain->n_sample    = 0;
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
@@ -453,8 +674,8 @@ static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_clone(const struct llama_sampl
 
     auto * result = llama_sampler_chain_init(chain_src->params);
 
-    for (auto * smpl : chain_src->samplers) {
-        llama_sampler_chain_add(result, llama_sampler_clone(smpl));
+    for (const auto & smpl : chain_src->samplers) {
+        llama_sampler_chain_add(result, llama_sampler_clone(smpl.ptr));
     }
 
     return result;
@@ -463,20 +684,109 @@ static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_clone(const struct llama_sampl
 static void llama_sampler_chain_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 
-    for (auto * smpl : chain->samplers) {
-        llama_sampler_free(smpl);
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        llama_sampler_free(smpl.ptr);
     }
 
     delete chain;
 }
 
+static bool llama_sampler_chain_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(chain->is_init == false && "llama_sampler_chain_backend_init() called twice");
+
+    chain->is_init = true;
+
+    bool res = true;
+
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        bool res_cur = true;
+
+        // to be able to run a sampler on the backend, it has to:
+        // - have the .backend_init() API implemented
+        // - return true during .backend_init()
+        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_init) {
+            if (!smpl.ptr->iface->backend_init(smpl.ptr, buft)) {
+                res_cur = false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            res_cur = false;
+        }
+
+        smpl.is_backend = res_cur;
+
+        res = res && res_cur;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_chain_backend_accept(
+        struct llama_sampler * smpl,
+        ggml_context * ctx,
+        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        struct ggml_tensor * selected_token) {
+    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        if (!smpl.is_backend) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_accept) {
+            smpl.ptr->iface->backend_accept(smpl.ptr, ctx, gf, selected_token);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_chain_backend_apply(
+          struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+          struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+          struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+          struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(chain->is_init && "llama_sampler_chain_backend_init() not called");
+
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        if (!smpl.is_backend) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_apply) {
+            smpl.ptr->iface->backend_apply(smpl.ptr, ctx, gf, data);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_chain_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
+        if (!smpl.is_backend) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_set_input) {
+            smpl.ptr->iface->backend_set_input(smpl.ptr);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_chain_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_chain_name,
-    /* .accept = */ llama_sampler_chain_accept,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_chain_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_chain_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_chain_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_chain_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_chain_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_chain_accept,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_chain_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_chain_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_chain_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_chain_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_accept,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_set_input,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_init(struct llama_sampler_chain_params params) {
@@ -484,26 +794,113 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_init(struct llama_sampler_chain_param
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_chain_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_chain {
             /* .params      = */ params,
+            /* .is_init     = */ false,
             /* .samplers    = */ {},
+            /* .cur         = */ {},
             /* .t_sample_us = */ 0,
             /* .n_sample    = */ 0,
         }
     );
 }
 
+llama_token llama_sampler_sample(struct llama_sampler * smpl, struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t idx) {
+    const llama_token   sampled_token  = llama_get_sampled_token_ith     (ctx, idx);
+    const float *       sampled_probs  = llama_get_sampled_probs_ith     (ctx, idx);
+    const float *       sampled_logits = llama_get_sampled_logits_ith    (ctx, idx);
+    const llama_token * sampled_ids    = llama_get_sampled_candidates_ith(ctx, idx);
+
+    // If a backend sampler has already sampled a token, return it.
+    if (sampled_token != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: Backend sampler selected token for idx %d. Skipping CPU samplers\n", __func__, idx);
+        return sampled_token;
+    }
+
+    const llama_model * model = llama_get_model(ctx);
+    const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
+
+    const int n_vocab = llama_vocab_n_tokens(vocab);
+
+    // use pre-allocated buffer from chain if available, otherwise allocate locally
+    std::vector<llama_token_data> * cur_ptr;
+    std::vector<llama_token_data> cur_local;
+
+    if (smpl->iface == &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
+        auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
+        cur_ptr = &chain->cur;
+    } else {
+        cur_ptr = &cur_local;
+    }
+
+    auto & cur = *cur_ptr;
+
+    if (sampled_probs) {
+        const uint32_t sampled_probs_count = llama_get_sampled_probs_count_ith(ctx, idx);
+        cur.resize(sampled_probs_count);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sampled_probs_count; ++i) {
+            cur[i] = llama_token_data{sampled_ids[i], sampled_logits[i], sampled_probs[i]};
+        }
+    } else if (sampled_logits) {
+        const uint32_t sampled_logits_count = llama_get_sampled_logits_count_ith(ctx, idx);
+        cur.resize(sampled_logits_count);
+        for (llama_token i = 0; i < (int)sampled_logits_count; i++) {
+            cur[i] = llama_token_data{sampled_ids[i], sampled_logits[i], 0.0f};
+        }
+    } else {
+        const auto * logits = llama_get_logits_ith(ctx, idx);
+        GGML_ASSERT(logits != nullptr);
+        cur.resize(n_vocab);
+        for (llama_token token_id = 0; token_id < n_vocab; token_id++) {
+            cur[token_id] = llama_token_data{token_id, logits[token_id], 0.0f};
+        }
+    }
+
+    llama_token_data_array cur_p = {
+        /* .data       = */ cur.data(),
+        /* .size       = */ cur.size(),
+        /* .selected   = */ -1,
+        /* .sorted     = */ false,
+    };
+
+    llama_sampler_apply(smpl, &cur_p);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(cur_p.selected >= 0 && cur_p.selected < (int32_t) cur_p.size);
+
+    auto token = cur_p.data[cur_p.selected].id;
+
+    llama_sampler_accept(smpl, token);
+
+    return token;
+}
+
+
 void llama_sampler_chain_add(struct llama_sampler * chain, struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     auto * p = (llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
-    p->samplers.push_back(smpl);
+    p->samplers.push_back({
+        /* .is_backend = */ false,
+        /* .ptr        = */ smpl,
+    });
 }
 
-struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_get(const struct llama_sampler * chain, int32_t i) {
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_get(struct llama_sampler * chain, int32_t i) {
+    if (chain == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (chain->iface != &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (i == -1) {
+        return chain;
+    }
+
     const auto * p = (const llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
 
     if (i < 0 || (size_t) i >= p->samplers.size()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    return p->samplers[i];
+    return p->samplers[i].ptr;
 }
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_remove(struct llama_sampler * chain, int32_t i) {
@@ -513,7 +910,7 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_remove(struct llama_sampler * chain,
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    auto * result = p->samplers[i];
+    auto * result = p->samplers[i].ptr;
     p->samplers.erase(p->samplers.begin() + i);
 
     return result;
@@ -531,8 +928,36 @@ int llama_sampler_chain_n(const struct llama_sampler * chain) {
 
 // greedy
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_greedy_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "greedy";
+struct llama_sampler_greedy : public llama_sampler_backend {
+};
+
+static const char * llama_sampler_greedy_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
+    return sctx->get_name();
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_greedy_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+}
+
+static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_greedy_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_greedy();
+
+    // copy the state
+    {
+        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) result->ctx;
+
+        GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+        GGML_UNUSED(result_ctx);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_greedy_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    delete (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_greedy_apply(struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
@@ -544,41 +969,146 @@ static void llama_sampler_greedy_apply(struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/, llama_to
     }
 }
 
+static bool llama_sampler_greedy_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
+
+    sctx->init(res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_greedy_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * curl = ggml_argmax(ctx, data->logits);
+    ggml_set_name(curl, "greedy_argmax");
+
+    data->sampled = curl;
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_greedy_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_greedy_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_greedy_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .free   = */ nullptr,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_greedy_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_greedy_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_greedy_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_greedy_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_greedy_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_greedy_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_greedy_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_greedy() {
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_greedy_i,
-        /* .ctx   = */ nullptr
+        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_greedy {
+            ("greedy"),
+        }
     );
 }
 
 // dist
 
-struct llama_sampler_dist {
+struct llama_sampler_dist : public llama_sampler_backend {
     const uint32_t seed;
           uint32_t seed_cur;
 
     std::mt19937 rng;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_uniform;
 };
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_dist_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "dist";
+static const char * llama_sampler_dist_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
+    return sctx->get_name();
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_dist_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
     auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
 
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    // edge cases
+    if (cur_p->size == 0) {
+        cur_p->selected = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    cur_p->selected = 0;
+
+    if (cur_p->size == 1) {
+        cur_p->data[0].p = 1.0f;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // max logit for numerical stability
+    float max_l = cur_p->data[0].logit;
+    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
+            max_l = std::max(max_l, cur_p->data[i].logit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // apply softmax to obtain the probabilities
+    double sum_cum = 0.0f;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
+        float p = expf(cur_p->data[i].logit - max_l);
+        cur_p->data[i].p = p;
+        sum_cum += p;
+    }
+
+#if 1
+    // sample from the obtained probabilities and normalize the probs in a single pass
+    // this is ~3x faster on Mac with full gpt-oss vocab than the version below
+    //
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(0.0f, 1.0f);
+    const double rnd = dist(ctx->rng);
+
+          double sum_run = 0.0f;
+    const double sum_tgt = sum_cum*rnd;
+
+    bool found = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
+        if (!found) {
+            // accumulate probs until we reach the target sum
+            sum_run += cur_p->data[i].p;
+            if (sum_run >= sum_tgt) {
+                cur_p->selected = i;
+                found = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // normalize probs
+        cur_p->data[i].p /= sum_cum;
+    }
+
+    // fallback to the last token (don't think this can happen)
+    assert(found);
+    if (!found) {
+        cur_p->selected = cur_p->size - 1;
+    }
+#else
+    // for clarity, this is the same as above but does one pass for normalization and one extra pass for sampling
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
+        cur_p->data[i].p /= sum_cum;
+    }
 
     cur_p->selected = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_dist_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
+    ctx->seed_cur = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
+    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_dist_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
@@ -589,29 +1119,112 @@ static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_dist_clone(const struct llama_sample
     {
         auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) result->ctx;
 
-        result_ctx->rng = ctx->rng;
+        result_ctx->rng = ctx->rng;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_dist_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    delete (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
+}
+
+static bool llama_sampler_dist_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
+
+    sctx->init(res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_dist_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    sctx->inp_uniform = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
+    ggml_set_name (sctx->inp_uniform, "uniform");
+    ggml_set_input(sctx->inp_uniform);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * probs = ggml_soft_max(ctx, data->logits);
+    ggml_set_name(probs, "dist_probs");
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * cumsum = ggml_cumsum(ctx, probs);
+    ggml_set_name(cumsum, "dist_cumsum");
+
+    // The uniform tensor has a random value and we subtract this tensor with
+    // the cumsum tensor (the uniform tensor will be broadcasted by ggml_sub).
+    // Recall that each entry in cumsum is the cumulative probability up to that
+    // index so values stay negative while the cumulative total is below the
+    // random value, and become zero/positive once the threshold is crossed.
+    struct ggml_tensor * diff = ggml_sub(ctx, cumsum, sctx->inp_uniform);
+    ggml_set_name(diff, "dist_cumsum");
+
+    // The ggml_step function produces a tensor where entries are 1 if the
+    // corresponding entry in diff is > 0, and 0 otherwise. So all values up to
+    // the index where the cumulative probability exceeds the random value are 0,
+    // and all entries after that are 1.
+    struct ggml_tensor * mask = ggml_step(ctx, diff);
+    ggml_set_name(mask, "dist_mask");
+
+    // Taking the sum of the mask gives us the sum of elements after the threshold
+    // we are interested in.
+    struct ggml_tensor * idxf = ggml_sum(ctx, mask);
+    ggml_set_name(idxf, "dist_index_f32");
+
+    // Use ggml_scale_bias to scale the index value by -1 and then add the size
+    // of the mask to that value so we get the correct index ((-1 * idxf) + n).
+    struct ggml_tensor * idx = ggml_cast(ctx, ggml_scale_bias(ctx, idxf, -1.0f, mask->ne[0]), GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    ggml_set_name(idx, "dist_index_i32");
+
+    // Map back to original vocab ids if a candidates tensor is available.
+    struct ggml_tensor * sampled_token = idx;
+    if (data->candidates != nullptr) {
+        struct ggml_tensor * candidates = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->candidates, 1, ggml_nelements(data->candidates));
+
+        sampled_token = ggml_get_rows(ctx, candidates, idx);
+        ggml_set_name(sampled_token, "dist_sampled_token");
     }
 
-    return result;
+    data->sampled = sampled_token;
+    data->probs = probs;
 }
 
-static void llama_sampler_dist_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
-    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
-    ctx->seed_cur = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
-    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
-}
+static void llama_sampler_dist_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
 
-static void llama_sampler_dist_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
-    delete (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
+    GGML_ASSERT(sctx->inp_uniform != nullptr);
+
+    // We sample in double precision and cast to float to match rnd numbers of
+    // llama_dampler_dist which uses double precision (sampling from
+    // std::uniform_real_distribution<double> and
+    // std::uniform_real_distribution<float> with same rng will produce
+    // different sequences).
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(0.0f, 1.0f);
+    const float rnd = dist(sctx->rng);
+
+    ggml_backend_tensor_set(sctx->inp_uniform, &rnd, 0, sizeof(float));
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_dist_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_dist_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_dist_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_dist_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_dist_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_dist_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_dist_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_dist_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_dist_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_dist_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_dist_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_dist_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_dist_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_dist_backend_set_input,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dist(uint32_t seed) {
@@ -619,51 +1232,28 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dist(uint32_t seed) {
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_dist_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_dist {
-            /* .seed     = */ seed,
-            /* .seed_cur = */ seed_cur,
-            /* .rng      = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
+            ("dist"),
+            /* .seed        = */ seed,
+            /* .seed_cur    = */ seed_cur,
+            /* .rng         = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
+            /* .inp_uniform = */ nullptr,
         }
     );
 }
 
-// softmax
-
-static const char * llama_sampler_softmax_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "softmax";
-}
-
-static void llama_sampler_softmax_apply(struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
-}
-
-static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_softmax_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_softmax_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_softmax_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .free   = */ nullptr,
-};
-
-struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_softmax() {
-    return llama_sampler_init(
-        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_softmax_i,
-        /* .ctx   = */ nullptr
-    );
-}
-
 // top-k
 
-struct llama_sampler_top_k {
+struct llama_sampler_top_k : public llama_sampler_backend {
     const int32_t k;
 };
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_top_k_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "top-k";
+static const char * llama_sampler_top_k_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
+    return sctx->get_name();
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_top_k_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
-    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
     llama_sampler_top_k_impl(cur_p, ctx->k);
 }
 
@@ -676,19 +1266,69 @@ static void llama_sampler_top_k_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     delete (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
 }
 
+static bool llama_sampler_top_k_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
+
+    sctx->init(res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_top_k_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * top_k = ggml_top_k(ctx, data->logits, sctx->k);
+    ggml_set_name(top_k, "top_k");
+
+    if (data->candidates) {
+        struct ggml_tensor * candidates_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->candidates, 1, data->candidates->ne[0]);
+        data->candidates = ggml_get_rows(ctx, candidates_rows, top_k);
+        data->candidates = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, data->candidates, sctx->k);
+        ggml_set_name(data->candidates, "top_k_candidates");
+    } else {
+        data->candidates = top_k;
+    }
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * logits_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->logits, 1, data->logits->ne[0]);
+    struct ggml_tensor * top_k_rows = ggml_get_rows(ctx, logits_rows, top_k);
+    data->logits = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, top_k_rows, sctx->k);
+    ggml_set_name(top_k_rows, "top_k_rows");
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_top_k_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_top_k_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_top_k_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_top_k_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_top_k_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_top_k_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_top_k_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_top_k_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_top_k_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_top_k_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_top_k_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_k(int32_t k) {
+    const bool is_empty = (k <= 0);
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?top-k");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_top_k_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_top_k {
+            ("top-k"),
             /* .k = */ k,
         }
     );
@@ -696,30 +1336,48 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_k(int32_t k) {
 
 // top-p
 
-struct llama_sampler_top_p {
+struct llama_sampler_top_p : public llama_sampler_backend {
     const float  p;
     const size_t min_keep;
+
+    std::vector<llama_token_data> buf_sort;
 };
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_top_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "top-p";
+static const char * llama_sampler_top_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
+    return sctx->get_name();
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_top_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
-    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
 
     if (ctx->p >= 1.0f) {
         return;
     }
 
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, false);
+
+    size_t k = cur_p->size;
+    auto * pdata = cur_p->data;
+
+    auto & buf_sort = ctx->buf_sort;
+
+    // if not sorted, try adaptive top-k sorting
+    if (!cur_p->sorted && cur_p->size > 1024) {
+        k = std::min<size_t>(256, cur_p->size);
+        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(*cur_p, k, buf_sort);
+        pdata = buf_sort.data();
+    } else if (!cur_p->sorted) {
+        // small candidates -> sort inplace
+        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, k);
+    }
 
     // Compute the cumulative probabilities
     float cum_sum = 0.0f;
     size_t last_idx = cur_p->size;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
-        cum_sum += cur_p->data[i].p;
+        cum_sum += pdata[i].p;
 
         // Check if the running sum is at least p or if we have kept at least min_keep tokens
         // we set the last index to i+1 to indicate that the current iterate should be included in the set
@@ -727,9 +1385,21 @@ static void llama_sampler_top_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_d
             last_idx = i + 1;
             break;
         }
+
+        // we exceeded the current top-k heuristic -> increase k and continue
+        if (!cur_p->sorted && i == k - 1) {
+            k = cur_p->size;
+            llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(*cur_p, k, buf_sort);
+            pdata = buf_sort.data();
+        }
     }
 
     // Resize the output vector to keep only the top-p tokens
+    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
+        std::copy(buf_sort.data(), buf_sort.data() + last_idx, cur_p->data);
+        cur_p->sorted = true;
+    }
+
     cur_p->size = last_idx;
 }
 
@@ -742,38 +1412,136 @@ static void llama_sampler_top_p_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     delete (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
 }
 
+static bool llama_sampler_top_p_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
+
+    sctx->init(res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_top_p_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    auto ggml_sort = [ctx](struct ggml_tensor * a, struct ggml_tensor * b) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(a) == 1);
+        struct ggml_tensor * a_reshaped = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, a, 1, a->ne[0]);
+        struct ggml_tensor * a_sorted   = ggml_get_rows(ctx, a_reshaped, b);
+        return ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, a_sorted, a->ne[0]);
+    };
+
+    // Get the sorted logits in descending order.
+    struct ggml_tensor * sorted_idx = ggml_argsort(ctx, data->logits, GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC);
+    ggml_set_name(sorted_idx, "top_p_sorted_idx");
+
+    // Do the sorting via reshape + get_rows
+    struct ggml_tensor * sorted_logits = ggml_sort(data->logits, sorted_idx);
+    ggml_set_name(sorted_logits, "top_p_sorted_logits");
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * softmax = ggml_soft_max(ctx, sorted_logits);
+    ggml_set_name(softmax, "top_p_softmax");
+
+    // If candidates are provided, sort them as well. Otherwise, set sorted indices as candidates.
+    if (data->candidates) {
+        data->candidates = ggml_sort(data->candidates, sorted_idx);
+    } else {
+        data->candidates = sorted_idx;
+    }
+    ggml_set_name(data->candidates, "top_p_candidates");
+
+    // Compute Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) by means of GGML_OP_CUMSUM.
+    struct ggml_tensor * cdf = ggml_cumsum(ctx, softmax);
+    ggml_set_name(cdf, "top_p_cdf");
+
+    // Invert CDF and add top-p value so that ggml_step yields 1 for values we want to keep
+    struct ggml_tensor * cdf_scaled = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, cdf, -1.0f, sctx->p);
+    ggml_set_name(cdf_scaled, "top_p_cdf_scaled");
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * mask = ggml_step(ctx, cdf_scaled);
+    ggml_set_name(mask, "top_p_mask");
+
+    // Taking the sum of the mask gives us the sum of elements after the threshold
+    // we are interested in.
+    struct ggml_tensor * idxf = ggml_sum(ctx, mask);
+    ggml_set_name(idxf, "top_p_index_f32");
+
+    // prevent out-of-bounds access
+    idxf = ggml_clamp(ctx, idxf, 0.0f, mask->ne[0] - 1);
+
+    // construct ones tensor to set the value in the mask
+    struct ggml_tensor * ones = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, idxf, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    ggml_set_name(ones, "top_p_ones");
+
+    // Make top-p inclusive (i.e. return all values such that cum_sum/cdf >= p)
+    struct ggml_tensor * mask_reshaped = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, mask, 1, mask->ne[0]);
+
+    mask_reshaped = ggml_set_rows(ctx, mask_reshaped, ones, ggml_cast(ctx, idxf, GGML_TYPE_I32));
+    mask = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, mask_reshaped, mask->ne[0]);
+
+    // Apply -INFINITY bias for masked-out tokens
+    // log(1) = 0 (keep), log(0) = -INF (discard)
+    struct ggml_tensor * top_p_bias = ggml_log(ctx, mask);
+    ggml_set_name(top_p_bias, "top_p_bias");
+
+    data->logits = ggml_add(ctx, sorted_logits, top_p_bias);
+    ggml_set_name(data->logits, "top_p_logits");
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_top_p_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_top_p_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_top_p_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_top_p_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_top_p_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_top_p_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_top_p_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_top_p_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_top_p_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_top_p_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_top_p_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_p(float p, size_t min_keep) {
+    const bool is_empty = p >= 1.0f;
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?top-p");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_top_p_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_top_p {
+            ("top-p"),
             /* .p        = */ p,
             /* .min_keep = */ min_keep,
+            /* .buf_sort = */ {},
         }
     );
 }
 
 // min-p
 
-struct llama_sampler_min_p {
+struct llama_sampler_min_p : public llama_sampler_backend {
     const float  p;
     const size_t min_keep;
 };
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_min_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "min-p";
+static const char * llama_sampler_min_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
+    return sctx->get_name();
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_min_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
-    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
 
     if (ctx->p <= 0.0f || !cur_p->size) {
         return;
@@ -799,7 +1567,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_min_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_d
 
         // if we have enough values the operation was a success
         if (!filtered_tokens.empty() && filtered_tokens.size() >= ctx->min_keep) {
-            memcpy(cur_p->data, filtered_tokens.data(), filtered_tokens.size()*sizeof(llama_token_data));
+            std::copy(filtered_tokens.begin(), filtered_tokens.end(), cur_p->data);
             cur_p->size = filtered_tokens.size();
             min_p_applied = true;
         }
@@ -809,10 +1577,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_min_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_d
     if (!min_p_applied) {
         // Sort the logits in descending order
         if (!cur_p->sorted) {
-            std::sort(cur_p->data, cur_p->data + cur_p->size, [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
-                return a.logit > b.logit;
-            });
-            cur_p->sorted = true;
+            llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, cur_p->size);
         }
 
         const float min_logit = cur_p->data[0].logit + logf(ctx->p); // min logit for p_i >= p * p_max
@@ -838,19 +1603,81 @@ static void llama_sampler_min_p_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     delete (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
 }
 
+static bool llama_sampler_min_p_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
+
+    sctx->init(res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_min_p_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * max_idx = ggml_argmax(ctx, data->logits);
+    ggml_set_name(max_idx, "max_idx");
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * logits_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->logits, 1, data->logits->ne[0]);
+    ggml_set_name(logits_rows, "logits_rows");
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * max_logit = ggml_get_rows(ctx, logits_rows, max_idx);
+    ggml_set_name(max_logit, "max_logit");
+
+    // Calculate the threshold value.
+    struct ggml_tensor * threshold = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, max_logit, 1.0f, logf(sctx->p));
+    ggml_set_name(threshold, "min_p_threshold");
+
+    // Subtract the threshold from logits.
+    struct ggml_tensor * sub = ggml_sub(ctx, data->logits, threshold);
+
+    // Create a mask where logits below the threshold are 0 (discard),
+    // and others are 1 (keep).
+    struct ggml_tensor * mask = ggml_step(ctx, sub);
+    ggml_set_name(mask, "min_p_mask");
+
+    // Apply -INFINITY bias for masked-out tokens
+    // log(1) = 0 (keep), log(0) = -INF (discard)
+    struct ggml_tensor * min_p_bias = ggml_log(ctx, mask);
+    ggml_set_name(min_p_bias, "min_p_bias");
+
+    data->logits = ggml_add(ctx, data->logits, min_p_bias);
+    ggml_set_name(data->logits, "min_p_logits");
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_min_p_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_min_p_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_min_p_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_min_p_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_min_p_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_min_p_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_min_p_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_min_p_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_min_p_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_min_p_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_min_p_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_min_p(float p, size_t min_keep) {
+    const bool is_empty = (p <= 0.0f);
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?min-p");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_min_p_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_min_p {
+            ("min-p"),
             /* .p        = */ p,
             /* .min_keep = */ min_keep,
         }
@@ -869,7 +1696,7 @@ static const char * llama_sampler_typical_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*sm
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_typical_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
-    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_typical *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_typical *) smpl->ctx;
 
     // Reference implementation:
     // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/compare/main...cimeister:typical-sampling:typical-pr
@@ -878,7 +1705,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_typical_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token
     }
 
     // Compute the softmax of logits and calculate entropy
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
     float entropy = 0.0f;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
@@ -938,15 +1765,25 @@ static void llama_sampler_typical_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_typical_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_typical_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_typical_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_typical_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_typical_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_typical_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_typical_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_typical_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_typical_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_typical(float p, size_t min_keep) {
+    const bool is_empty = (p >= 1.0f);
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?typical");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_typical_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_typical {
@@ -958,12 +1795,13 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_typical(float p, size_t min_keep) {
 
 // temp
 
-struct llama_sampler_temp {
+struct llama_sampler_temp : public llama_sampler_backend {
     const float temp;
 };
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_temp_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "temp";
+static const char * llama_sampler_temp_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
+    return sctx->get_name();
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_temp_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
@@ -981,19 +1819,79 @@ static void llama_sampler_temp_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     delete (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
 }
 
+static void llama_sampler_backend_temp_sampling(
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data,
+        float                       temp) {
+    if (temp <= 0.0f) {
+        // Find the most probable token index.
+        struct ggml_tensor * max_idx = ggml_argmax(ctx, data->logits);
+        ggml_set_name(max_idx, "temp_max_idx");
+
+        if (data->candidates) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * candidates_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->candidates, 1, data->candidates->ne[0]);
+            data->candidates = ggml_get_rows(ctx, candidates_rows, max_idx);
+        } else {
+            data->candidates = max_idx;
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor * logits_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->logits, 1, data->logits->ne[0]);
+        data->logits = ggml_get_rows(ctx, logits_rows, max_idx);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    data->logits = ggml_scale(ctx, data->logits, 1.0f / temp);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+}
+
+static bool llama_sampler_temp_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
+
+    sctx->init(res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_temp_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
+    llama_sampler_backend_temp_sampling(ctx, gf, data, sctx->temp);
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_temp_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_temp_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_temp_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_temp_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_temp_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_temp_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_temp_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_temp_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_temp_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_temp_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_temp_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_temp(float temp) {
+    const bool is_empty = temp == 1.0f;
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?temp");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_temp_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_temp {
+            ("temp"),
             /*.temp = */ temp,
         }
     );
@@ -1001,18 +1899,19 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_temp(float temp) {
 
 // temp-ext
 
-struct llama_sampler_temp_ext {
+struct llama_sampler_temp_ext : public llama_sampler_backend {
     const float temp;
     const float delta;
     const float exponent;
 };
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_temp_ext_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "temp-ext";
+static const char * llama_sampler_temp_ext_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
+    return sctx->get_name();
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_temp_ext_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
-    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
     if (ctx->delta > 0) {
         const float min_temp = std::max(0.0f, ctx->temp - ctx->delta);
         const float max_temp = ctx->temp + ctx->delta;
@@ -1027,7 +1926,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_temp_ext_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_toke
         // Calculate maximum possible entropy
         float max_entropy = -logf(1.0f / cur_p->size);
 
-        llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+        llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
         // Calculate entropy of the softmax probabilities
         float entropy = 0.0f;
@@ -1091,24 +1990,112 @@ static void llama_sampler_temp_ext_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     delete (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
 }
 
+static bool llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
+
+    sctx->init(res);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    // Revert to standard temperature scaling if delta or temp are non-positive.
+    if (sctx->delta <= 0.0f || sctx->temp <= 0.0f) {
+        llama_sampler_backend_temp_sampling(ctx, gf, data, sctx->temp);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate min_temp, max_temp, and max_entropy.
+    const float min_temp    = std::max(0.0f, sctx->temp - sctx->delta);
+    const float max_temp    = sctx->temp + sctx->delta;
+    const float max_entropy = logf(data->logits->ne[0]);
+
+    // Calculate the probabilities.
+    struct ggml_tensor * probs = ggml_soft_max(ctx, data->logits);
+    ggml_set_name(probs, "temp_ext_softmax_probs");
+
+    // Clamp probabilities to avoid log(0) which would give -inf
+    struct ggml_tensor * probs_clamped = ggml_clamp(ctx, probs, 1e-10f, 1.0f);
+    ggml_set_name(probs_clamped, "temp_ext_probs_clamped");
+
+    // Calculate the entropy, entropy = -Σ(p * log(p)).
+    struct ggml_tensor * log_probs   = ggml_log(ctx, probs_clamped);
+    struct ggml_tensor * p_log_p     = ggml_mul(ctx, probs_clamped, log_probs);
+    struct ggml_tensor * sum_p_log_p = ggml_sum(ctx, p_log_p);
+    struct ggml_tensor * entropy     = ggml_scale(ctx, sum_p_log_p, -1.0f);
+    ggml_set_name(log_probs,   "temp_ext_log_probs");
+    ggml_set_name(p_log_p,     "temp_ext_p_log_p");
+    ggml_set_name(sum_p_log_p, "temp_ext_sum_p_log_p");
+    ggml_set_name(entropy,     "temp_ext_entropy");
+
+    // Normalize the entropy, norm_entropy = entropy / max_entropy
+    struct ggml_tensor * norm_entropy = ggml_scale(ctx, entropy, 1.0f / max_entropy);
+    ggml_set_name(norm_entropy, "temp_ext_norm_entropy");
+
+    // Calculate the dynamic temperature:
+    // dyn_temp = min_temp + (max_temp - min_temp) * powf(normalized_entropy, exponent);
+    //
+    // Calculate powf(normalized_entropy, exponent) as
+    // norm_entropy^exponent = exp(exponent * log(norm_entropy))
+    struct ggml_tensor * log_norm_entropy = ggml_log(ctx, norm_entropy);
+    struct ggml_tensor * scaled_log       = ggml_scale(ctx, log_norm_entropy, sctx->exponent);
+    struct ggml_tensor * pow_entropy      = ggml_exp(ctx, scaled_log);
+    // With pow_entropy computed we can now compute dyn_temp, scaling by
+    // (max_temp - min_temp) and then adding min_temp.
+    struct ggml_tensor * dyn_temp         = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, pow_entropy, max_temp - min_temp, min_temp);
+    ggml_set_name(log_norm_entropy, "temp_ext_log_norm_entropy");
+    ggml_set_name(scaled_log,       "temp_ext_scaled_log");
+    ggml_set_name(pow_entropy,      "temp_ext_pow_entropy");
+    ggml_set_name(dyn_temp,         "temp_ext_dyn_temp");
+
+    // Scale the logits by the dynamic temperature
+    struct ggml_tensor * scaled_logits = ggml_div(ctx, data->logits, dyn_temp);
+    ggml_set_name(scaled_logits, "temp_ext_scaled_logits");
+
+    data->logits = scaled_logits;
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_temp_ext_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_temp_ext(float temp, float delta, float exponent) {
-    return llama_sampler_init(
+    const bool is_empty = temp == 1.0f && delta <= 0.0f;
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?temp-ext");
+    }
+
+    auto * res = llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_temp_ext_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_temp_ext {
+            ("temp-ext"),
             /* .temp     = */ temp,
             /* .delta    = */ delta,
             /* .exponent = */ exponent,
         }
     );
+
+    return res;
 }
 
 // xtc
@@ -1139,17 +2126,20 @@ static void llama_sample_xtc_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data
 
     std::uniform_real_distribution<float> distribution(0.0f, 1.0f);
     float chance = distribution(ctx->rng);
-    if (chance > ctx->probability) return;
+    if (chance > ctx->probability) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    // in case it's not sorted/recalculated yet
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
     int pos_last = 0;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
         if (cur_p->data[i].p >= ctx->threshold) {
             pos_last = i;
-        } else break;
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
     }
 
     if (cur_p->size - pos_last >= ctx->min_keep && pos_last > 0) {
@@ -1183,16 +2173,27 @@ static void llama_sampler_xtc_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_xtc_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_xtc_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sample_xtc_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_xtc_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_xtc_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_xtc_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_xtc_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sample_xtc_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_xtc_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_xtc_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_xtc_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_xtc(float p, float t, size_t min_keep, uint32_t seed) {
-    auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
+    const bool is_empty = (p <= 0.0f || t > 0.5f);
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?xtc");
+    }
+
+    const auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_xtc_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_xtc {
@@ -1221,7 +2222,7 @@ struct llama_sampler_mirostat {
 
     float mu;
 
-    std::mt19937 rng;
+    std::mt19937    rng;
 };
 
 static const char * llama_sampler_mirostat_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
@@ -1231,7 +2232,7 @@ static const char * llama_sampler_mirostat_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*s
 static void llama_sampler_mirostat_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
     auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat *) smpl->ctx;
 
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
     // Estimate s_hat using the most probable m tokens
     float s_hat = 0.0;
@@ -1250,7 +2251,8 @@ static void llama_sampler_mirostat_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_toke
     float k = powf((epsilon_hat * powf(2, ctx->mu)) / (1 - powf(ctx->n_vocab, -epsilon_hat)), 1 / s_hat);
 
     llama_sampler_top_k_impl(cur_p, std::max(int(k), 1));
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
     const int idx = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
 
@@ -1290,16 +2292,21 @@ static void llama_sampler_mirostat_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_mirostat_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_mirostat(int32_t n_vocab, uint32_t seed, float tau, float eta, int32_t m) {
-    auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
+    const auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_mirostat_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_mirostat {
@@ -1336,7 +2343,7 @@ static const char * llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_name(const struct llama_sampler *
 static void llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
     auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 *) smpl->ctx;
 
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
     // Truncate the words with surprise values greater than mu
     cur_p->size = std::distance(cur_p->data, std::find_if(cur_p->data, cur_p->data + cur_p->size, [&](const llama_token_data & candidate) {
@@ -1348,7 +2355,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_t
     }
 
     // Normalize the probabilities of the remaining words
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
     const int idx = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
 
@@ -1389,12 +2396,16 @@ static void llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_mirostat_v2(uint32_t seed, float tau, float eta) {
@@ -1506,12 +2517,16 @@ static void llama_sampler_grammar_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_grammar_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_grammar_name,
-    /* .accept = */ llama_sampler_grammar_accept_impl,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_grammar_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_grammar_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_grammar_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_grammar_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_grammar_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_grammar_accept_impl,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_grammar_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_grammar_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_grammar_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_grammar_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(
@@ -1528,10 +2543,12 @@ static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(
     auto * ctx = new llama_sampler_grammar;
 
     if (grammar_str != nullptr && grammar_str[0] != '\0') {
+        std::string trigger_pattern;
+        llama_grammar * grammar = nullptr;
         // TODO: remove trigger_words support.
         if (trigger_words != nullptr && num_trigger_words > 0) {
             GGML_ASSERT(trigger_patterns == nullptr && num_trigger_patterns == 0);
-            std::string trigger_pattern("[\\s\\S]*?(");
+            trigger_pattern = "[\\s\\S]*?(";
             for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trigger_words; ++i) {
                 static const std::regex special_chars("[.^$|()*+?\\[\\]{}\\\\]");
                 if (i > 0) {
@@ -1540,15 +2557,17 @@ static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(
                 trigger_pattern += std::regex_replace(trigger_words[i], special_chars, "\\$0");
             }
             trigger_pattern += ")[\\s\\S]*";
-            auto trigger_pattern_c = trigger_pattern.c_str();
-            trigger_patterns = &trigger_pattern_c;
-            num_trigger_patterns = 1;
+
+            std::array<const char *, 1> tmp_trigger_patterns = { trigger_pattern.c_str() };
+            grammar = llama_grammar_init_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, lazy, tmp_trigger_patterns.data(), tmp_trigger_patterns.size(), trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens);
+        } else {
+            grammar = llama_grammar_init_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, lazy, trigger_patterns, num_trigger_patterns, trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens);
         }
         *ctx = {
             /* .vocab        = */ vocab,
             /* .grammar_str  = */ grammar_str,
             /* .grammar_root = */ grammar_root,
-            /* .grammar      = */ llama_grammar_init_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, lazy, trigger_patterns, num_trigger_patterns, trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens),
+            /* .grammar      = */ grammar,
         };
         if (!ctx->grammar) {
             delete ctx;
@@ -1709,12 +2728,16 @@ static void llama_sampler_penalties_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_penalties_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_penalties_name,
-    /* .accept = */ llama_sampler_penalties_accept,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_penalties_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_penalties_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_penalties_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_penalties_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_penalties_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_penalties_accept,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_penalties_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_penalties_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_penalties_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_penalties_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_penalties(
@@ -1724,6 +2747,12 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_penalties(
         float penalty_present) {
     penalty_last_n = std::max(penalty_last_n, 0);
 
+    const bool is_empty = (penalty_last_n == 0 || (penalty_repeat == 1.0f && penalty_freq == 0.0f && penalty_present == 0.0f));
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?penalties");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_penalties_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_penalties {
@@ -1748,7 +2777,7 @@ static const char * llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_name(const struct llama_sampler *
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
-    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_n_sigma *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_n_sigma *) smpl->ctx;
 
     if (ctx->n <= 0.0f || cur_p->size <= 1) {
         return;
@@ -1761,9 +2790,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_t
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
         // Only count non-negative infinity values
         if (cur_p->data[i].logit != -INFINITY) {
-            if (cur_p->data[i].logit > max) {
-                max = cur_p->data[i].logit;
-            }
+            max = std::max(max, cur_p->data[i].logit);
             logits_sum += cur_p->data[i].logit;
             valid_count++;
         }
@@ -1780,13 +2807,14 @@ static void llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_t
     }
     float std = valid_count > 0 ? sqrt(acc/valid_count) : 0;
 
-    //apply mask
+    // apply mask
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
         if (cur_p->data[i].logit < max - (ctx->n * std)) {
             cur_p->data[i].logit = -INFINITY;
         }
     }
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
@@ -1799,15 +2827,25 @@ static void llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_n_sigma(float n) {
+    const bool is_empty = (n <= 0.0f);
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?top-n-sigma");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_top_n_sigma {
@@ -1991,7 +3029,9 @@ static void llama_sampler_dry_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_dat
 
     {
         const int last = last_n_repeat - 1;
-        int rt = 0, lt = 0;
+
+        int rt = 0;
+        int lt = 0;
 
         for (int k = 1; k < last_n_repeat; ++k) {
             if (k > rt) {
@@ -2127,22 +3167,30 @@ static void llama_sampler_dry_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_dry_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_dry_name,
-    /* .accept = */ llama_sampler_dry_accept,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_dry_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ llama_sampler_dry_reset,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_dry_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_dry_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_dry_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_dry_accept,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_dry_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_dry_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_dry_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_dry_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
 };
 
-struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, int32_t context_size, float dry_multiplier, float dry_base, int32_t dry_allowed_length, int32_t dry_penalty_last_n, const char** seq_breakers, size_t num_breakers) {
-    int32_t effective_dry_penalty_last_n = (dry_penalty_last_n == -1) ? context_size : std::max(dry_penalty_last_n, 0);
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, int32_t n_ctx_train, float dry_multiplier, float dry_base, int32_t dry_allowed_length, int32_t dry_penalty_last_n, const char** seq_breakers, size_t num_breakers) {
+    int32_t effective_dry_penalty_last_n = (dry_penalty_last_n == -1) ? n_ctx_train : std::max(dry_penalty_last_n, 0);
     std::unordered_multimap<llama_token, std::vector<llama_token>> processed_breakers;
     const int MAX_CHAR_LEN = 40;
     const int MAX_SEQ_LEN = 20;
 
     const bool dry_enabled = (dry_multiplier != 0.0f && dry_base >= 1.0f && dry_penalty_last_n != 0);
 
+    if (!dry_enabled) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?dry");
+    }
+
     if (dry_enabled && seq_breakers != nullptr && num_breakers > 0) {
         // Process sequence breakers
         for (size_t i = 0; i < num_breakers; ++i) {
@@ -2169,7 +3217,7 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry(const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_dry_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_dry {
-            /* .total_context_size     = */ context_size,
+            /* .total_context_size     = */ n_ctx_train,
             /* .dry_multiplier         = */ dry_multiplier,
             /* .dry_base               = */ dry_base,
             /* .dry_allowed_length     = */ dry_allowed_length,
@@ -2211,18 +3259,186 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry_testing(int32_t context_size, floa
     return result;
 }
 
+// adaptive-p sampler state
+//
+// maintains an exponential moving average of the *ORIGINAL* probabilities
+// of selected tokens, used to compute an adapted target at each sampling step.
+//
+// see llama.h for a full description of the sampler
+//
+// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17927
+//
+struct llama_sampler_adaptive_p {
+    const float        target;            // target probability (0.0 - 1.0; negative = disabled)
+    const float        decay;             // EMA decay; history ~= 1/(1-decay) tokens (0.0 - 0.99)
+    const uint32_t     seed;              // original RNG seed
+    uint32_t           seed_cur;          // actual RNG seed
+    std::mt19937       rng;               // RNG state
+    float              weighted_sum;      // sum(p_i * decay^i)
+    float              total_weight;      // sum(decay^i), converges to 1/(1-decay)
+    std::vector<float> original_probs;    // pre-transform probs, cached for EMA update
+    llama_token        pending_token_id;  // token ID of selected token
+    int32_t            pending_token_idx; // index of orig. prob. of selected token in original_probs
+};
+
+// adaptive probability transformation constants
+static constexpr float DISTRIBUTION_WIDTH =  0.3f;
+static constexpr float PEAK_LOGIT_VALUE   =  5.0f;
+static constexpr float SHARPNESS          = 10.0f;
+static constexpr float INV_WIDTH          =  1.0f / DISTRIBUTION_WIDTH;
+
+static const char * llama_sampler_adaptive_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
+    return "adaptive-p";
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, false);
+
+    if (ctx->target < 0.0f) {
+        // at negative target values, adaptive-p is no-op
+        // we simply sample from the existing distribution
+        cur_p->selected = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // store the original probabilities
+    ctx->original_probs.resize(cur_p->size);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
+        ctx->original_probs[i] = cur_p->data[i].p;
+    }
+
+    // using the EMA, compute the adapted target probability for the current sampling step
+    auto target = std::clamp(ctx->target, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    float adapted_target = std::clamp(
+        ctx->total_weight == 0.0f ? target : 2.0f * target - (ctx->weighted_sum / ctx->total_weight),
+        0.0f, 1.0f
+    );
+
+    // adaptive probability transform
+    //
+    // quadratic near target for fine differentiation, transitioning to linear decay in the
+    // tails. unbounded negative logits ensure proper suppression of far-from-target tokens
+    // after the softmax.
+    //
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
+        if (cur_p->data[i].logit == -INFINITY) {
+            // don't transform logits that are -INFINITY
+            // (as masked out by e.g. min-p and top-p when using backend sampling)
+            continue;
+        }
+        float dist = std::abs((cur_p->data[i].p - adapted_target) * INV_WIDTH);
+        cur_p->data[i].logit = PEAK_LOGIT_VALUE - SHARPNESS * dist * dist / (1.0f + dist);
+    }
+
+    // softmax and sample from the transformed distribution
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, false);
+    const int idx   = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
+    cur_p->selected = idx;
+
+    // store the selected token ID for acceptance later
+    ctx->pending_token_id  = cur_p->data[idx].id;
+    ctx->pending_token_idx = idx;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
+    if (ctx->pending_token_id == token) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->pending_token_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->pending_token_idx != -1);
+        // update EMA with the original probability of the selected token
+        ctx->weighted_sum = ctx->original_probs[ctx->pending_token_idx] + ctx->decay * ctx->weighted_sum;
+        ctx->total_weight = 1.0f + ctx->decay * ctx->total_weight;
+    }
+    ctx->pending_token_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+    ctx->pending_token_idx = -1;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
+    // ctx->target and ctx->decay never change after init, so it's safe to keep them as is.
+    // original_probs is completely overwritten on every call to _apply.
+    // so we only need to reset the EMA state and pending token.
+    ctx->weighted_sum      = ctx->target / (1.0f - ctx->decay);
+    ctx->total_weight      = 1.0f / (1.0f - ctx->decay);
+    ctx->pending_token_id  = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+    ctx->pending_token_idx = -1;
+    ctx->seed_cur          = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
+    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
+}
+
+static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_adaptive_p_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    const auto * ctx  = (const llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
+    auto * result     = llama_sampler_init_adaptive_p(ctx->target, ctx->decay, ctx->seed);
+    auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) result->ctx;
+
+    // copy everything (target, decay, seed, and RNG are already set)
+    result_ctx->weighted_sum      = ctx->weighted_sum;
+    result_ctx->total_weight      = ctx->total_weight;
+    result_ctx->pending_token_id  = ctx->pending_token_id;
+    result_ctx->pending_token_idx = ctx->pending_token_idx;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    delete (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
+}
+
+static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_adaptive_p_i = {
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_accept,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
+};
+
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_adaptive_p(
+    float    target,
+    float    decay,
+    uint32_t seed
+) {
+    auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
+    float clamped_decay = std::clamp(decay, 0.0f, 0.99f);
+    return llama_sampler_init(
+        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_adaptive_p_i,
+        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_adaptive_p {
+            /* .target            = */ target,
+            /* .decay             = */ clamped_decay,
+            /* .seed              = */ seed,
+            /* .seed_cur          = */ seed_cur,
+            /* .rng               = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
+            /* .weighted_sum      = */ target / (1.0f - clamped_decay),
+            /* .total_weight      = */ 1.0f / (1.0f - clamped_decay),
+            /* .original_probs    = */ {},
+            /* .pending_token_id  = */ LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL,
+            /* .pending_token_idx = */ -1
+        }
+    );
+}
+
 // logit-bias
 
-struct llama_sampler_logit_bias {
+struct llama_sampler_logit_bias : public llama_sampler_backend {
     const int32_t n_vocab;
 
     const std::vector<llama_logit_bias> logit_bias;
 
     std::vector<llama_logit_bias> to_search;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_logit_bias;
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_logit_idxs;
 };
 
-static const char * llama_sampler_logit_bias_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
-    return "logit-bias";
+static const char * llama_sampler_logit_bias_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
+    return ctx->get_name();
 }
 
 static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
@@ -2267,25 +3483,110 @@ static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     delete (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
 }
 
+static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_apply(
+        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
+    if (sctx->logit_bias.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t n = sctx->logit_bias.size();
+
+    sctx->inp_logit_bias = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1, n);
+    ggml_set_name(sctx->inp_logit_bias, "logit_bias");
+    ggml_set_input(sctx->inp_logit_bias);
+
+    sctx->inp_logit_idxs = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n);
+    ggml_set_name(sctx->inp_logit_idxs, "logit_idxs");
+    ggml_set_input(sctx->inp_logit_idxs);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_fill(ctx, data->logits, 0.0f);
+
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, cur, 1, ggml_nelements(cur));
+    cur = ggml_set_rows(ctx, cur, sctx->inp_logit_bias, sctx->inp_logit_idxs);
+    cur = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, cur, ggml_nelements(cur));
+
+    data->logits = ggml_add(ctx, data->logits, cur);
+}
+
+static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
+    if (sctx->logit_bias.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(sctx->inp_logit_bias != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(sctx->inp_logit_idxs != nullptr);
+
+    const size_t n = sctx->logit_bias.size();
+
+    std::vector<float>   data_logit_bias(n, 0.0f);
+    std::vector<int32_t> data_logit_idxs(n, 0);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        const auto & lb = sctx->logit_bias[i];
+        GGML_ASSERT(lb.token >= 0 && lb.token < (int32_t) sctx->n_vocab);
+        data_logit_bias[i] = lb.bias;
+        data_logit_idxs[i] = lb.token;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_tensor_set(sctx->inp_logit_bias, data_logit_bias.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(sctx->inp_logit_bias));
+    ggml_backend_tensor_set(sctx->inp_logit_idxs, data_logit_idxs.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(sctx->inp_logit_idxs));
+}
+
+static bool llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_init(
+        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+
+    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    sctx->init(true);
+
+    if (sctx->logit_bias.empty()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_logit_bias_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_init,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_apply,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_set_input,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_logit_bias(
                          int32_t   n_vocab,
                          int32_t   n_logit_bias,
           const llama_logit_bias * logit_bias) {
+    const bool is_empty = n_logit_bias <= 0;
+
+    if (is_empty) {
+        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?logit-bias");
+    }
+
     return llama_sampler_init(
         /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_logit_bias_i,
         /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_logit_bias {
-            /* .n_vocab    = */ n_vocab,
-            /* .logit_bias = */ std::vector<llama_logit_bias>(logit_bias, logit_bias + n_logit_bias),
-            /* .to_search  = */ {},
+            ("logit-bias"),
+            /* .n_vocab        = */ n_vocab,
+            /* .logit_bias     = */ std::vector<llama_logit_bias>(logit_bias, logit_bias + n_logit_bias),
+            /* .to_search      = */ {},
+            /* .inp_logit_bias = */ nullptr,
+            /* .inp_logit_idxs = */ nullptr,
         }
     );
 }
@@ -2308,7 +3609,7 @@ static const char * llama_sampler_infill_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smp
 static void llama_sampler_infill_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
     auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_infill *) smpl->ctx;
 
-    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
 
 #if defined(GGML_DEBUG_SAMPLER_INFILL)
 #define LOG_DBG_CUR LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG
@@ -2441,8 +3742,13 @@ static void llama_sampler_infill_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_
     if (n_non_eog == 0) {
         cur_p->size = 1;
         cur_p->data[0].id = ctx->vocab->token_eot();
+        if (cur_p->data[0].id == LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+            cur_p->data[0].id = ctx->vocab->token_eos();
+        }
         cur_p->data[0].logit = 1.0f;
 
+        GGML_ASSERT(cur_p->data[0].id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL);
+
         return;
     }
 
@@ -2493,12 +3799,16 @@ static void llama_sampler_infill_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 }
 
 static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_infill_i = {
-    /* .name   = */ llama_sampler_infill_name,
-    /* .accept = */ nullptr,
-    /* .apply  = */ llama_sampler_infill_apply,
-    /* .reset  = */ nullptr,
-    /* .clone  = */ llama_sampler_infill_clone,
-    /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_infill_free,
+    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_infill_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
+    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_infill_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
+    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_infill_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_infill_free,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
 };
 
 struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_infill(const struct llama_vocab * vocab) {
@@ -2530,7 +3840,7 @@ uint32_t llama_sampler_get_seed(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     if (smpl->iface == &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
         const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
         for (auto it = ctx->samplers.rbegin(); it != ctx->samplers.rend(); ++it) {
-            const uint32_t seed = llama_sampler_get_seed(*it);
+            const uint32_t seed = llama_sampler_get_seed(it->ptr);
             if (seed != LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED) {
                 return seed;
             }
@@ -2560,8 +3870,7 @@ struct llama_perf_sampler_data llama_perf_sampler(const struct llama_sampler * c
 void llama_perf_sampler_print(const struct llama_sampler * chain) {
     const auto data = llama_perf_sampler(chain);
 
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:    sampling time = %10.2f ms / %5d runs   (%8.2f ms per token, %8.2f tokens per second)\n",
-            __func__, data.t_sample_ms, data.n_sample, data.t_sample_ms / data.n_sample, 1e3 / data.t_sample_ms * data.n_sample);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:    samplers time = %10.2f ms / %5d runs\n", __func__, data.t_sample_ms, data.n_sample);
 }
 
 void llama_perf_sampler_reset(struct llama_sampler * chain) {
@@ -2571,5 +3880,6 @@ void llama_perf_sampler_reset(struct llama_sampler * chain) {
 
     auto * ctx = (struct llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
 
-    ctx->t_sample_us = ctx->n_sample = 0;
+    ctx->t_sample_us = 0;
+    ctx->n_sample    = 0;
 }
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampler.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampler.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b9bfc20d251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "llama.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+struct llama_vocab;
+struct llama_grammar;
+
+// sampler chain
+
+struct llama_sampler_chain {
+    llama_sampler_chain_params params;
+
+    // has .backend_init() been called?
+    bool is_init = false;
+
+    struct info {
+        bool is_backend;
+
+        llama_sampler * ptr;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<info> samplers;
+
+    // pre-allocated buffer for llama_sampler_sample to avoid repeated allocations
+    std::vector<llama_token_data> cur;
+
+    // timing
+
+    mutable int64_t t_sample_us;
+
+    mutable int32_t n_sample;
+};
+
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry_testing(
+        int32_t context_size,
+        float   dry_multiplier,
+        float   dry_base,
+        int32_t dry_allowed_length,
+        int32_t dry_penalty_last_n,
+        const std::vector<std::vector<llama_token>> & seq_breakers);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampling.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampling.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 759dd7dcb70..00000000000
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-sampling.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-// TODO: rename llama-sampling.h/.cpp to llama-sampler.h/.cpp ?
-
-#include "llama.h"
-
-#include <vector>
-
-struct llama_vocab;
-struct llama_grammar;
-
-// sampler chain
-
-struct llama_sampler_chain {
-    llama_sampler_chain_params params;
-
-    std::vector<struct llama_sampler *> samplers;
-
-    // timing
-
-    mutable int64_t t_sample_us;
-
-    mutable int32_t n_sample;
-};
-
-struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry_testing(
-                         int32_t   context_size,
-                           float   dry_multiplier,
-                           float   dry_base,
-                         int32_t   dry_allowed_length,
-                         int32_t   dry_penalty_last_n,
-  const std::vector<std::vector<llama_token>>& seq_breakers);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.cpp
index 5c9eb87566d..68ba292d426 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <cfloat>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <forward_list>
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<llm_symbol>::value, "llm_symbol is not
 //
 // SPM tokenizer
 // original implementation:
-// https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/commit/074bea2eb1f1349a0118239c4152914aecaa1be4
+// https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/commit/074bea2eb1f1349a0118239c4152914aecaa1be4
 //
 
 struct llm_bigram_spm {
@@ -284,10 +285,19 @@ struct llm_tokenizer_bpe : llm_tokenizer {
                     // original regex from tokenizer.json
                     //"(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
 
-                    // adapted: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/6920#issuecomment-2080233989
+                    // adapted: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/6920#issuecomment-2080233989
                     "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
                 };
                 break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS2:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    // original regex from tokenizer.json
+                    //"(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s{512}(?!\\S)|\\s{256}(?!\\S)|\\s{128}(?!\\S)|\\s{64}(?!\\S)|\\s{32}(?!\\S)|\\s{16}(?!\\S)|\\s{8}(?!\\S)|\\s{4}(?!\\S)|\\s{1,2}(?!\\S)|\\s{1}",
+
+                    // adapted: same as llama3 but with cascading whitespace pattern
+                    "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s{512}(?!\\S)|\\s{256}(?!\\S)|\\s{128}(?!\\S)|\\s{64}(?!\\S)|\\s{32}(?!\\S)|\\s{16}(?!\\S)|\\s{8}(?!\\S)|\\s{4}(?!\\S)|\\s{1,2}(?!\\S)|\\s{1}",
+                };
+                break;
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DBRX:
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SMAUG:
                 regex_exprs = {
@@ -306,12 +316,20 @@ struct llm_tokenizer_bpe : llm_tokenizer {
                 };
                 break;
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK3_LLM:
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_HUNYUAN_DENSE:
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JOYAI_LLM:
                 regex_exprs = {
                     "\\p{N}{1,3}",
                     "[一-龥぀-ゟ゠-ヿ]+",
                     "[!\"#$%&'()*+,\\-./:;<=>?@\\[\\\\\\]^_`{|}~][A-Za-z]+|[^\r\n\\p{L}\\p{P}\\p{S}]?[\\p{L}\\p{M}]+| ?[\\p{P}\\p{S}]+[\r\n]*|\\s*[\r\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
                 };
                 break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_YOUTU:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    "[가-힣ㄱ-ㆎ]+|[！…“”‘’—：；，、-〿︰-﹏]+|[ㄅ-ㄯ]+|[一-龥぀-ゟ゠-ヿ]+",
+                    "[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])?|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])?|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n/]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+                };
+                break;
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK_CODER:
                 regex_exprs = {
                     "[\r\n]",
@@ -345,18 +363,28 @@ struct llm_tokenizer_bpe : llm_tokenizer {
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_OLMO:
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS:
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TRILLION:
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GRANITE_DOCLING:
                 regex_exprs = {
                     "'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d| ?\\p{L}+| ?\\p{N}+| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+|\\s+(?!\\S)",
                 };
                 break;
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_STABLELM2:
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN2:
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_HUNYUAN:
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SOLAR_OPEN:
                 regex_exprs = {
                     // original regex from tokenizer.json
                     // "(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+"
                     "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
                 };
                 break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN35:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    // original regex from tokenizer.json
+                    // "(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{L}\\p{M}]+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{M}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+"
+                    "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{L}\\p{M}]+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{M}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+                };
+                break;
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_PORO:
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_BLOOM:
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT3_FINNISH:
@@ -397,12 +425,28 @@ struct llm_tokenizer_bpe : llm_tokenizer {
                 };
                 break;
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT4O:
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MINIMAX_M2:
                 regex_exprs = {
                     // original regex from tokenizer.json
                     // "[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n/]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
                     "[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?((?=[\\p{L}])([^a-z]))*((?=[\\p{L}])([^A-Z]))+(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])?|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?((?=[\\p{L}])([^a-z]))+((?=[\\p{L}])([^A-Z]))*(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])?|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n/]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
                 };
                 break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TINY_AYA:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    // original regex from tokenizer.json: "\\d{1,3}(?=(?:\\d{3})*\\b)"
+                    "\\d{1,3}(?=(?:\\d{3})*\\b)",
+                    // original regex from tokenizer.json: "[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n/]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+"
+                    "[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])?|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?[\\p{Lu}\\p{Lt}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]+[\\p{Ll}\\p{Lm}\\p{Lo}\\p{M}]*(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])?|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n/]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+                };
+                break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_KIMI_K2:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    // K2 trigger pattern - this will activate the custom K2 handler in unicode.cpp
+                    // The custom handler implements all K2 patterns with proper Han character exclusion
+                    "\\p{Han}+",
+                };
+                break;
             case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SUPERBPE:
                 regex_exprs = {
                     "\\p{N}+",
@@ -424,6 +468,31 @@ struct llm_tokenizer_bpe : llm_tokenizer {
                     "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}\\r\\n]+|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
                 };
                 break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GROK_2:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    // original regex from tokenizer.json
+                    // "(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+"
+                    "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+                };
+                break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_AFMOE:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    // Digit handling - uses custom implementation in unicode.cpp
+                    // Groups digits with leading 1-2 based on total length modulo 3
+                    "\\p{AFMoE_digits}",
+                    // CJK and Asian scripts (using direct Unicode literals)
+                    "[一-鿿㐀-䶿豈-﫿぀-ゟ゠-ヿ･-ﾟ⼀-⿟เ-๿຀-໿ក-៿က-႟ꩠ-ꩿꧠ-꧿가-힯ᄀ-ᇿ]+",
+                    // Main BPE pattern
+                    "[!\"#$%&'()*+,\\-./:;<=>?@\\[\\\\\\]^_`{|}~][A-Za-z]+|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{P}\\p{S}]?[\\p{L}\\p{M}]+| ?[\\p{P}\\p{S}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+                };
+                break;
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_EXAONE_MOE:
+                regex_exprs = {
+                    // original regex from tokenizer.json
+                    // "(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?(?:\\p{L}\\p{M}*(?: \\p{L}\\p{M}*)*)+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n/]?|\\s*[\\r\\n]|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+"
+                    "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?(?:\\p{L}\\p{M}*(?: \\p{L}\\p{M}*)*)+|\\p{N}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n/]?|\\s*[\\r\\n]|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+                };
+                break;
             default:
                 // default regex for BPE tokenization pre-processing
                 regex_exprs = {
@@ -994,7 +1063,7 @@ struct llm_tokenizer_ugm_session {
         }
     private:
         uint32_t get_node(size_t index) {
-            if (index > xcda_array_size) {
+            if (index >= xcda_array_size) {
                 throw std::runtime_error("Index out of array bounds in XCDA array!");
             }
             return xcda_array[index];
@@ -1195,6 +1264,285 @@ struct llm_tokenizer_rwkv_session {
     const llm_tokenizer_rwkv & tokenizer;
 };
 
+struct llm_tokenizer_plamo2 : llm_tokenizer {
+    llm_tokenizer_plamo2(const llama_vocab & vocab) {
+        build(vocab);
+    }
+
+    void build(const llama_vocab & vocab) {
+        // Reset internal structures
+        tokens_.clear();
+        bytes_.assign(256, 0);
+        to_suffix_id_.clear();
+        table_.clear();
+
+        // Build token list and byte mapping
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, float> suffix_to_score;
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, llama_token> token_to_id;
+
+        for (size_t token_id = 0; token_id < vocab.n_tokens(); ++token_id) {
+            const auto & entry = vocab.get_token_data(token_id);
+            tokens_.push_back(entry.text);
+            token_to_id[entry.text] = static_cast<llama_token>(token_id);
+
+            // Handle byte tokens
+            if (vocab.is_byte(token_id)) {
+                if (entry.text.length() == 6 && entry.text.substr(0, 3) == "<0x" && entry.text.back() == '>') {
+                    std::string hex_str = entry.text.substr(3, 2);
+                    int byte_val = std::stoi(hex_str, nullptr, 16);
+                    bytes_[byte_val] = static_cast<llama_token>(token_id);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Add token and all its suffixes to suffix_to_score
+            suffix_to_score[entry.text] = entry.score;
+
+            // Extract suffixes character by character (UTF-8 aware)
+            std::vector<uint32_t> cpts = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(entry.text);
+            for (size_t i = 1; i < cpts.size(); ++i) {
+                std::string suffix;
+                for (size_t j = i; j < cpts.size(); ++j) {
+                    suffix += unicode_cpt_to_utf8(cpts[j]);
+                }
+                if (suffix_to_score.find(suffix) == suffix_to_score.end()) {
+                    suffix_to_score[suffix] = std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check that all byte tokens are set
+        for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+            if (bytes_[i] == 0) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Byte token for <0x" + std::to_string(i) + "> is not set");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Build suffix list in lexicographical order of reversed strings
+        std::vector<std::string> suffixes;
+        suffixes.reserve(suffix_to_score.size() + 1);
+        for (const auto & pair : suffix_to_score) {
+            suffixes.push_back(pair.first);
+        }
+        suffixes.push_back("");  // Empty suffix
+
+        std::sort(suffixes.begin(), suffixes.end(), [](const std::string & a, const std::string & b) {
+            std::string rev_a(a.rbegin(), a.rend());
+            std::string rev_b(b.rbegin(), b.rend());
+            return rev_a < rev_b;
+        });
+
+        // Build suffix_to_id and to_suffix_id_
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, int32_t> suffix_to_id;
+        int32_t num_pieces = 0;
+
+        for (const auto & suffix : suffixes) {
+            suffix_to_id[suffix] = num_pieces;
+            if (!suffix.empty()) {
+                std::vector<uint32_t> cpts = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(suffix);
+
+                std::string remaining;
+                for (size_t i = 1; i < cpts.size(); ++i) {
+                    remaining += unicode_cpt_to_utf8(cpts[i]);
+                }
+
+                int64_t piece_code = (static_cast<int64_t>(cpts[0]) << 32) | suffix_to_id[remaining];
+                to_suffix_id_[piece_code] = num_pieces;
+
+                // Count number of pieces for this suffix
+                int32_t pieces_for_suffix = 1; // sentinel row
+                for (int32_t piece_length = static_cast<int32_t>(cpts.size()); piece_length > 0; --piece_length) {
+                    std::string piece;
+                    for (int32_t i = 0; i < piece_length; ++i) {
+                        piece += unicode_cpt_to_utf8(cpts[i]);
+                    }
+                    if (suffix_to_score.find(piece) != suffix_to_score.end()) {
+                        pieces_for_suffix++;
+                    }
+                }
+                num_pieces += pieces_for_suffix;
+            } else {
+                num_pieces++;  // Empty suffix contributes one piece (sentinel row)
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Build flattened table
+        table_.resize(num_pieces, std::vector<int32_t>(4, 0));
+        int32_t table_idx = 0;
+
+        for (const auto & suffix : suffixes) {
+            // Add all prefixes of the suffix to the table (in decreasing order of length)
+            std::vector<uint32_t> cpts = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(suffix);
+            for (int32_t piece_length = static_cast<int32_t>(cpts.size()); piece_length > 0; --piece_length) {
+                std::string piece;
+                for (int32_t i = 0; i < piece_length; ++i) {
+                    piece += unicode_cpt_to_utf8(cpts[i]);
+                }
+
+                auto score_it = suffix_to_score.find(piece);
+                if (score_it == suffix_to_score.end()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                table_[table_idx][TABLE_PIECE_LENGTH] = piece_length;
+                auto token_it = token_to_id.find(piece);
+                table_[table_idx][TABLE_TOKEN_ID] = (token_it != token_to_id.end()) ? token_it->second : -1;
+
+                float score = score_it->second;
+                table_[table_idx][TABLE_SCORE] = std::isfinite(score) ?
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(std::round(score * 1e4)) : INVALID_SCORE;
+                table_[table_idx][TABLE_PIECE_ID] = suffix_to_id[piece];
+
+                table_idx++;
+            }
+
+            // Add sentinel row
+            table_[table_idx][TABLE_PIECE_LENGTH] = 1;
+            table_[table_idx][TABLE_TOKEN_ID] = -1;
+            table_[table_idx][TABLE_SCORE] = UNKNOWN_SCORE;
+            table_idx++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<llama_token> encode(const std::string & text) const {
+        std::vector<uint32_t> unicode_data = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(text);
+        // Skip the first code point if it is a BOM (Byte Order Mark)
+        if (!unicode_data.empty() && unicode_data[0] == 0xFEFF) {
+            unicode_data.erase(unicode_data.begin());
+        }
+
+        if (unicode_data.empty()) {
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        const size_t data_len = unicode_data.size();
+
+        // Initialize scores array (dynamic programming)
+        std::vector<int64_t> scores(data_len + 1, static_cast<int64_t>(1) << 60);
+        scores[data_len] = 0;
+
+        // Path array to track best tokenization
+        std::vector<std::vector<int32_t>> path(data_len + 1, std::vector<int32_t>(3, 0));
+
+        int32_t suffix_id = 0;
+
+        // Process from end to beginning
+        for (int i = static_cast<int>(data_len) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+            uint32_t c = unicode_data[i];
+
+            // Find next suffix ID
+            for (size_t p = suffix_id; p < table_.size(); ++p) {
+                int64_t piece_code = (static_cast<int64_t>(c) << 32) | table_[p][TABLE_PIECE_ID];
+                auto it = to_suffix_id_.find(piece_code);
+                suffix_id = (it != to_suffix_id_.end()) ? it->second : 0;
+
+                if (suffix_id > 0 || table_[p][TABLE_SCORE] == UNKNOWN_SCORE) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Update best path
+            for (size_t p = suffix_id; p < table_.size(); ++p) {
+                int32_t score = table_[p][TABLE_SCORE];
+                if (score > INVALID_SCORE) {
+                    int32_t piece_length = table_[p][TABLE_PIECE_LENGTH];
+                    int64_t s = scores[i + piece_length] - score;
+
+                    if (s < scores[i]) {
+                        scores[i] = s;
+                        path[i][PATH_TOKEN_LENGTH] = piece_length;
+                        path[i][PATH_TOKEN_ID] = table_[p][TABLE_TOKEN_ID];
+                        path[i][PATH_NUM_TOKENS] = path[i + piece_length][PATH_NUM_TOKENS] + 1;
+
+                        if (score == UNKNOWN_SCORE) {
+                            // Add UTF-8 byte count
+                            path[i][PATH_NUM_TOKENS] += (c >= 0x80) + (c >= 0x800) + (c >= 0x10000);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (score == UNKNOWN_SCORE) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Decode the best path
+        std::vector<llama_token> token_ids;
+        token_ids.reserve(path[0][PATH_NUM_TOKENS]);
+
+        int pos = 0;
+        while (pos < static_cast<int>(data_len)) {
+            if (path[pos][PATH_TOKEN_ID] >= 0) {
+                token_ids.push_back(path[pos][PATH_TOKEN_ID]);
+            } else {
+                // Fall back to byte tokens
+                uint32_t c = unicode_data[pos];
+                int s = 1 + (c >= 0x80) + (c >= 0x800) + (c >= 0x10000);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i) {
+                    uint8_t b;
+                    if (s == 1) {
+                        b = c;
+                    } else {
+                        if (i == 0) {
+                            b = (0xF00 >> s) & 0xFF;
+                        } else {
+                            b = 0x80;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    token_ids.push_back(bytes_[b | ((c >> ((s - i - 1) * 6)) & 0x3F)]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            assert(path[pos][PATH_TOKEN_LENGTH] > 0);
+            pos += path[pos][PATH_TOKEN_LENGTH];
+        }
+
+        return token_ids;
+    }
+private:
+    // Constants for table structure
+    static constexpr int32_t TABLE_PIECE_LENGTH = 0;
+    static constexpr int32_t TABLE_TOKEN_ID     = 1;
+    static constexpr int32_t TABLE_SCORE        = 2;
+    static constexpr int32_t TABLE_PIECE_ID     = 3;
+
+    // Constants for path array
+    static constexpr int32_t PATH_TOKEN_LENGTH  = 0;
+    static constexpr int32_t PATH_TOKEN_ID      = 1;
+    static constexpr int32_t PATH_NUM_TOKENS    = 2;
+
+    // Score constants
+    static constexpr int32_t INVALID_SCORE = -20000000;
+    static constexpr int32_t UNKNOWN_SCORE = -10000000;
+
+    // List of tokens in the vocabulary
+    std::vector<std::string> tokens_;
+
+    // Mapping from byte code point to token ID (for byte fallback)
+    std::vector<llama_token> bytes_;
+
+    // Mapping from piece code to suffix ID
+    std::unordered_map<int64_t, int32_t> to_suffix_id_;
+
+    // Flattened table representing the Trie structure
+    // Each row contains: [piece_length, token_id, score, piece_id]
+    std::vector<std::vector<int32_t>> table_;
+};
+
+struct llm_tokenizer_plamo2_session {
+    llm_tokenizer_plamo2_session(const llm_tokenizer_plamo2 & tokenizer) : tokenizer(tokenizer) {}
+
+    void tokenize(const std::string & text, std::vector<llama_token> & output) {
+        std::vector<llama_token> tokens = tokenizer.encode(text);
+        output.insert(output.end(), tokens.begin(), tokens.end());
+    }
+
+private:
+    const llm_tokenizer_plamo2 & tokenizer;
+};
+
 //
 // impl
 //
@@ -1371,7 +1719,7 @@ struct llama_vocab::impl {
 };
 
 void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
-    struct gguf_context * ctx = ml.meta.get();
+    struct gguf_context * ctx = ml.metadata;
 
     // determine vocab type
     {
@@ -1429,26 +1777,33 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
 
             // read bpe merges and populate bpe ranks
             const int merges_keyidx = gguf_find_key(ctx, kv(LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_MERGES).c_str());
+            // Kimi-K2 uses custom tokenization without traditional BPE merges
+            const bool is_kimi_k2 = (tokenizer_pre == "kimi-k2");
+
             if (merges_keyidx == -1) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("cannot find tokenizer merges in model file\n");
-            }
+                if (!is_kimi_k2) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("cannot find tokenizer merges in model file\n");
+                }
+                // Kimi-K2 doesn't need merges, skip
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: Kimi-K2 tokenizer detected, skipping BPE merges\n", __func__);
+            } else {
+                const int n_merges = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx, merges_keyidx);
+                for (int i = 0; i < n_merges; i++) {
+                    const std::string word = gguf_get_arr_str(ctx, merges_keyidx, i);
+                    //GGML_ASSERT(unicode_cpts_from_utf8(word).size() > 0);
 
-            const int n_merges = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx, merges_keyidx);
-            for (int i = 0; i < n_merges; i++) {
-                const std::string word = gguf_get_arr_str(ctx, merges_keyidx, i);
-                //GGML_ASSERT(unicode_cpts_from_utf8(word).size() > 0);
+                    std::string first;
+                    std::string second;
 
-                std::string first;
-                std::string second;
+                    const size_t pos = word.find(' ', 1);
 
-                const size_t pos = word.find(' ', 1);
+                    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                        first  = word.substr(0, pos);
+                        second = word.substr(pos + 1);
+                    }
 
-                if (pos != std::string::npos) {
-                    first  = word.substr(0, pos);
-                    second = word.substr(pos + 1);
+                    bpe_ranks.emplace(std::make_pair(first, second), i);
                 }
-
-                bpe_ranks.emplace(std::make_pair(first, second), i);
             }
 
             // default special tokens
@@ -1477,8 +1832,8 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                 const size_t n_precompiled_charsmap = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx, precompiled_charsmap_keyidx);
                 const char * pc = (const char *) gguf_get_arr_data(ctx, precompiled_charsmap_keyidx);
                 precompiled_charsmap.assign(pc, pc + n_precompiled_charsmap);
-#ifdef IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-                // correct endiannes of data in precompiled_charsmap binary blob
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+                // correct endianness of data in precompiled_charsmap binary blob
                 uint32_t * xcda_blob_size = (uint32_t *) &precompiled_charsmap[0];
                 *xcda_blob_size = __builtin_bswap32(*xcda_blob_size);
                 assert(*xcda_blob_size + sizeof(uint32_t) < n_precompiled_charsmap);
@@ -1498,6 +1853,16 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
             special_unk_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
             special_sep_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
             special_pad_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+        } else if (tokenizer_model == "plamo2") {
+            type = LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_PLAMO2;
+
+            // PLaMo-2 default special tokens (these will be overridden by model config)
+            special_bos_id = 1;  // <|plamo:bos|>
+            special_eos_id = 2;  // <|plamo:eos|>
+            special_unk_id = 0;  // <|plamo:unk|>
+            special_sep_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+            special_pad_id = 3;  // <|plamo:pad|>
+            special_mask_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
         } else {
             throw std::runtime_error(format("unknown tokenizer: '%s'", tokenizer_model.c_str()));
         }
@@ -1522,7 +1887,11 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                     tokenizer_pre == "llama-v3" ||
                     tokenizer_pre == "llama-bpe"||
                     tokenizer_pre == "falcon3"  ||
-                    tokenizer_pre == "pixtral") {
+                    tokenizer_pre == "falcon-h1" ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "pixtral"  ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "midm-2.0" ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "lfm2"     ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "jina-v5-nano") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_LLAMA3;
                 ignore_merges = true;
                 add_bos = true;
@@ -1538,6 +1907,11 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                     tokenizer_pre == "deepseek-v3") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK3_LLM;
                 clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                    tokenizer_pre == "youtu") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_YOUTU;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+                ignore_merges = true;
             } else if (
                     tokenizer_pre == "falcon") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_FALCON;
@@ -1554,8 +1928,14 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                     tokenizer_pre == "jina-de" ||
                     tokenizer_pre == "gigachat"   ||
                     tokenizer_pre == "jina-v2-es" ||
-                    tokenizer_pre == "jina-v2-de") {
+                    tokenizer_pre == "jina-v2-de" ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "a.x-4.0" ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "mellum"  ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "modern-bert") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT2;
+            } else if (
+                    tokenizer_pre == "jais-2") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS2;
             } else if (
                     tokenizer_pre == "jina-v1-en" ||
                     tokenizer_pre == "jina-v2-code" ||
@@ -1571,9 +1951,14 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                 clean_spaces = false;
             } else if (
                     tokenizer_pre == "qwen2" ||
-                    tokenizer_pre == "deepseek-r1-qwen") {
+                    tokenizer_pre == "deepseek-r1-qwen" ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "kormo") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN2;
                 clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                    tokenizer_pre == "qwen35") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN35;
+                clean_spaces = false;
             } else if (
                 tokenizer_pre == "stablelm2") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_STABLELM2;
@@ -1624,6 +2009,12 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
             } else if (
                 tokenizer_pre == "exaone") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_EXAONE;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "exaone4") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT2;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "exaone-moe") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_EXAONE_MOE;
             } else if (
                 tokenizer_pre == "chameleon") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CHAMELEON;
@@ -1636,10 +2027,15 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                 tokenizer_pre == "megrez") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN2;
             } else if (
-                    tokenizer_pre == "gpt-4o" ||
-                    tokenizer_pre == "llama4") {
+                tokenizer_pre == "gpt-4o" ||
+                tokenizer_pre == "llama4" ||
+                tokenizer_pre == "kanana2") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT4O;
                 clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "tiny_aya") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TINY_AYA;
+                clean_spaces = false;
             } else if (
                 tokenizer_pre == "superbpe") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SUPERBPE;
@@ -1649,13 +2045,51 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TRILLION;
                 clean_spaces = false;
             } else if (
-                tokenizer_pre == "bailingmoe") {
+                tokenizer_pre == "granite-docling") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GRANITE_DOCLING;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "bailingmoe" ||
+                tokenizer_pre == "bailingmoe2" ||
+                tokenizer_pre == "llada-moe") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_BAILINGMOE;
                 clean_spaces = false;
             } else if (
                 tokenizer_pre == "seed-coder") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SEED_CODER;
                 clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "hunyuan") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_HUNYUAN;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "hunyuan-dense") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_HUNYUAN_DENSE;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "joyai-llm") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JOYAI_LLM;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "kimi-k2") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_KIMI_K2;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "grok-2") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GROK_2;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "afmoe") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_AFMOE;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "minimax-m2") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MINIMAX_M2;
+                clean_spaces = false;
+            } else if (
+                tokenizer_pre == "solar-open") {
+                pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SOLAR_OPEN;
+                clean_spaces = false;
             } else {
                 throw std::runtime_error(format("unknown pre-tokenizer type: '%s'", tokenizer_pre.c_str()));
             }
@@ -1828,6 +2262,8 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
         //       for now, we apply this workaround to find the tokens based on their text
 
         for (const auto & t : token_to_id) {
+            auto & attr = id_to_token[t.second].attr;
+
             // find EOT token: "<|eot_id|>", "<|im_end|>", "<end_of_turn>", etc.
             if (special_eot_id == LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
                 if (false
@@ -1836,15 +2272,18 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<|end|>"
                         || t.first == "<end_of_turn>"
                         || t.first == "<|endoftext|>"
+                        || t.first == "<|end_of_text|>" // granite
                         || t.first == "<EOT>"
                         || t.first == "_<EOT>"
+                        || t.first == "[EOT]" // Kimi-K2
                         || t.first == "<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>" // DeepSeek
+                        || t.first == "<end_of_utterance>" // smoldocling
                    ) {
                     special_eot_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1855,10 +2294,10 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<|eom_id|>"
                         ) {
                     special_eom_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1872,12 +2311,14 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<｜fim▁begin｜>" // DeepSeek
                         || t.first == "<PRE>"
                         || t.first == "▁<PRE>"          // CodeLlama
+                        || t.first == "<|code_prefix|>" // GLM-4.5
+                        || t.first == "<|prefix|>"      // Falcon-H1-Tiny-Coder
                         ) {
                     special_fim_pre_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1891,12 +2332,14 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<｜fim▁hole｜>" // DeepSeek
                         || t.first == "<SUF>"
                         || t.first == "▁<SUF>"         // CodeLlama
+                        || t.first == "<|code_suffix|>" // GLM-4.5
+                        || t.first == "<|suffix|>"      // Falcon-H1-Tiny-Coder
                         ) {
                     special_fim_suf_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1910,12 +2353,14 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<｜fim▁end｜>"  // DeepSeek
                         || t.first == "<MID>"
                         || t.first == "▁<MID>"         // CodeLlama
+                        || t.first == "<|code_middle|>" // GLM-4.5
+                        || t.first == "<|middle|>"      // Falcon-H1-Tiny-Coder
                         ) {
                     special_fim_mid_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1927,12 +2372,13 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<fim-pad>"
                         || t.first == "<fim_pad>"   // Granite
                         || t.first == "<PAD>"
+                        || t.first == "[PAD]" // Kimi-K2
                         ) {
                     special_fim_pad_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1947,10 +2393,10 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<reponame>"    // Granite
                         ) {
                     special_fim_rep_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1961,18 +2407,44 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                         || t.first == "<|file_sep|>" // Qwen
                         ) {
                     special_fim_sep_id = t.second;
-                    if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                                 __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                        id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // auto-detect unused tokens: e.g. control tokens with the word "unused"
+        // ideally, these tokens should be marked as unused during conversion
+        {
+            uint32_t n_unused = 0;
+
+            for (const auto & t : token_to_id) {
+                auto & attr = id_to_token[t.second].attr;
+
+                if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNUSED) == 0) {
+                    if (strstr(t.first.c_str(), "unused") != NULL) {
+                        attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNUSED);
                     }
                 }
+
+                if (attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNUSED) {
+                    n_unused++;
+                }
             }
+
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %u unused tokens\n", __func__, n_unused);
         }
 
         // maintain a list of tokens that cause end-of-generation
         // this is currently determined based on the token text, which is obviously not ideal
-        // ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/9606
+        // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/9606
         special_eog_ids.clear();
 
         if (special_fim_pad_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL && special_eog_ids.count(special_fim_pad_id) == 0) {
@@ -1988,32 +2460,56 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
         }
 
         for (const auto & t : token_to_id) {
+            auto & attr = id_to_token[t.second].attr;
+
             if (false
                     || t.first == "<|eot_id|>"
                     || t.first == "<|im_end|>"
                     || t.first == "<|end|>"
+                    || t.first == "<|return|>" // o200k_harmony
+                    || t.first == "<|call|>"   // o200k_harmony
+                    || t.first == "<|flush|>"  // solar-open
+                    || t.first == "<|calls|>"  // solar-open
                     || t.first == "<end_of_turn>"
                     || t.first == "<|endoftext|>"
+                    || t.first == "</s>"      // paddleocr
                     || t.first == "<|eom_id|>"
                     || t.first == "<EOT>"
                     || t.first == "_<EOT>"
+                    || t.first == "[EOT]" // Kimi-K2
+                    || t.first == "[EOS]" // Kimi-K2
                     || t.first == "<|end_of_text|>"
+                    || t.first == "<end_of_utterance>" // smoldocling
                ) {
                 special_eog_ids.insert(t.second);
-                if ((id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
+                if ((attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL) == 0) {
                     LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: control-looking token: %6d '%s' was not control-type; this is probably a bug in the model. its type will be overridden\n",
                             __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
-                    id_to_token[t.second].attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
+                    attr = (llama_token_attr) (attr | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL);
                 }
             } else {
-                // token is control, but not marked as EOG -> print a debug log
-                if (id_to_token[t.second].attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL && special_eog_ids.count(t.second) == 0) {
-                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: control token: %6d '%s' is not marked as EOG\n",
-                            __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
+                if (attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL && !(attr & LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNUSED)) {
+                    // token is control, but not marked as EOG -> print a debug log
+                    if (special_eog_ids.count(t.second) == 0) {
+                        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: control token: %6d '%s' is not marked as EOG\n",
+                                __func__, t.second, t.first.c_str());
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        // @ngxson : quick hack for gpt-oss, always render these tokens
+        for (const auto & t : token_to_id) {
+            auto & attr = id_to_token[t.second].attr;
+
+            if (t.first == "<|channel|>" || t.first == "<|message|>" || t.first == "<|start|>" || t.first == "<|constrain|>") {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: setting token '%s' (%d) attribute to USER_DEFINED (%u), old attributes: %u\n",
+                        __func__, t.first.c_str(), t.second, LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_USER_DEFINED, attr);
+
+                attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_USER_DEFINED;
+            }
+        }
+
         // sanity checks
         if (special_eos_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL && special_eog_ids.count(special_eos_id) == 0) {
             special_eog_ids.insert(special_eos_id);
@@ -2029,6 +2525,45 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
             special_eog_ids.insert(special_eom_id);
             LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: special_eom_id is not in special_eog_ids - the tokenizer config may be incorrect\n", __func__);
         }
+
+        // TODO: workaround for o200k_harmony and solar-open tokenizer: the "<|end|>" token should not be EOG
+        //       we don't have a good way to detect this, so for now, if we have "<|return|>" and "<|call|>" tokens ("<|calls|>" and "<|flush|>" for solar-open),
+        //       we remove the "<|end|>" token from the EOG list
+        {
+            bool has_return = false;
+            bool has_call   = false;
+            bool has_end    = false;
+            bool has_flush  = false;
+
+            llama_token end_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: printing all EOG tokens:\n", __func__);
+            for (auto tid : special_eog_ids) {
+                auto & text = id_to_token[tid].text;
+
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:   - %d ('%s')\n", __func__, tid, text.c_str());
+
+                if (text == "<|return|>") {
+                    has_return = true;
+                } else if (text == "<|call|>" || text == "<|calls|>") {
+                    has_call = true;
+                } else if (text == "<|flush|>") {
+                    has_flush = true;
+                } else if (text == "<|end|>") {
+                    has_end = true;
+                    end_id = tid;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ((has_return && has_call && has_end) || (has_call && has_flush && has_end)) {
+                special_eog_ids.erase(end_id);
+
+                auto & attr = id_to_token[end_id].attr;
+                attr = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_USER_DEFINED;
+
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: special_eog_ids contains both '<|return|>' and '<|call|>', or '<|calls|>' and '<|flush|>' tokens, removing '<|end|>' token from EOG list\n", __func__);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // build special tokens cache
@@ -2107,7 +2642,7 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
         // set attributes by model/tokenizer/architecture name
         if (false
                 || _contains_any(tokenizer_pre, {"jina-v2-de", "jina-v2-es", "jina-v2-code"})
-                || _contains_any(general_arch, {"nomic-bert-moe"})
+                || _contains_any(general_arch, {"nomic-bert-moe", "jina-bert-v3"})
            ) {
             if (token_to_id.count("<mask>") == 0) {
                 LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: Mask token is missing in vocab, please reconvert model!\n", __func__);
@@ -2124,6 +2659,13 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
             for (const auto * token : {"<unk>", "<s>", "<|endoftext|>"}) {
                 _set_token_attr(token, LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_RSTRIP, false);
             }
+        } else if (_contains_any(model_name, {"modern-bert"})) {
+            if (token_to_id.count("[MASK]") == 0 ) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: Mask token missing in vocab!\n", __func__);
+            }
+            else {
+                _set_token_attr("[MASK]", LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_LSTRIP, true);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2134,13 +2676,14 @@ enum llama_vocab_type llama_vocab::impl::get_type() const {
 
 std::string llama_vocab::impl::type_name() const{
     switch (type) {
-        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_NONE: return "no vocab";
-        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_SPM:  return "SPM";
-        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_BPE:  return "BPE";
-        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_WPM:  return "WPM";
-        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_UGM:  return "UGM";
-        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_RWKV: return "RWKV";
-        default:                    return "unknown";
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_NONE:   return "no vocab";
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_SPM:    return "SPM";
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_BPE:    return "BPE";
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_WPM:    return "WPM";
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_UGM:    return "UGM";
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_RWKV:   return "RWKV";
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_PLAMO2: return "PLaMo2";
+        default:                      return "unknown";
     }
 }
 
@@ -2223,6 +2766,9 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::init_tokenizer(enum llama_vocab_type type) {
         case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_RWKV:
             tokenizer = std::make_unique<llm_tokenizer_rwkv>(vocab);
             break;
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_PLAMO2:
+            tokenizer = std::make_unique<llm_tokenizer_plamo2>(vocab);
+            break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("unsupported vocab type");
     }
@@ -2555,6 +3101,23 @@ std::vector<llama_token> llama_vocab::impl::tokenize(
                     if (fragment.type == FRAGMENT_BUFFER_VARIANT_TYPE_RAW_TEXT) {
                         std::string text = fragment.raw_text.substr(fragment.offset, fragment.length);
 
+#ifdef PRETOKENIZERDEBUG
+                        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("TT: (%ld %ld %ld) '%s'\n", text.length(), fragment.offset, fragment.length, text.c_str());
+#endif
+
+                        session.tokenize(text, output);
+                    } else { // if (fragment.type == FRAGMENT_BUFFER_VARIANT_TYPE_TOKEN)
+                        output.push_back(fragment.token);
+                    }
+                }
+            } break;
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_PLAMO2:
+            {
+                llm_tokenizer_plamo2_session session(*static_cast<const llm_tokenizer_plamo2 *>(tokenizer.get()));
+                for (const auto & fragment : fragment_buffer) {
+                    if (fragment.type == FRAGMENT_BUFFER_VARIANT_TYPE_RAW_TEXT) {
+                        std::string text = fragment.raw_text.substr(fragment.offset, fragment.length);
+
 #ifdef PRETOKENIZERDEBUG
                         LLAMA_LOG_WARN("TT: (%ld %ld %ld) '%s'\n", text.length(), fragment.offset, fragment.length, text.c_str());
 #endif
@@ -2573,7 +3136,7 @@ std::vector<llama_token> llama_vocab::impl::tokenize(
 }
 
 int32_t llama_vocab::impl::token_to_piece(llama_token token, char * buf, int32_t length, int32_t lstrip, bool special) const {
-    // ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/7587#discussion_r1620983843
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/7587#discussion_r1620983843
     static const int attr_special = LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_UNKNOWN | LLAMA_TOKEN_ATTR_CONTROL;
     const llama_token_attr attr = token_get_attr(token);
     if (!special && (attr & attr_special)) {
@@ -2653,6 +3216,24 @@ int32_t llama_vocab::impl::token_to_piece(llama_token token, char * buf, int32_t
                 memcpy(buf, result.data(), result.size());
                 return (int)result.size();
             }
+            case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_PLAMO2: {
+                // PLaMo-2 uses similar token handling as BPE/SPM
+                if (vocab.is_byte(token)) {
+                    // Handle byte tokens like <0xXX>
+                    if (token_text.length() == 6 && token_text.substr(0, 3) == "<0x" && token_text.back() == '>') {
+                        int hex_val = std::stoi(token_text.substr(3, 2), nullptr, 16);
+                        if (length < 1) {
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                        buf[0] = static_cast<char>(hex_val);
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Normal token - just copy the text
+                std::string result = token_text;
+                return _try_copy(result.data(), result.size());
+            }
             default:
                 GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
@@ -2778,41 +3359,40 @@ int32_t llama_vocab::impl::detokenize(
 }
 
 void llama_vocab::impl::print_info() const {
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: vocab type       = %s\n",     __func__, type_name().c_str());
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_vocab          = %u\n",     __func__, vocab.n_tokens());
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_merges         = %u\n",     __func__, (uint32_t) bpe_ranks.size());
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: vocab type            = %s\n",     __func__, type_name().c_str());
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_vocab               = %u\n",     __func__, vocab.n_tokens());
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_merges              = %u\n",     __func__, (uint32_t) bpe_ranks.size());
 
     // special tokens
-    if (special_bos_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: BOS token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_bos_id,     id_to_token.at(special_bos_id).text.c_str() );  }
-    if (special_eos_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOS token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_eos_id,     id_to_token.at(special_eos_id).text.c_str() );  }
-    if (special_eot_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOT token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_eot_id,     id_to_token.at(special_eot_id).text.c_str() );  }
-    if (special_eom_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOM token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_eom_id,     id_to_token.at(special_eom_id).text.c_str() );  }
-    if (special_unk_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: UNK token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_unk_id,     id_to_token.at(special_unk_id).text.c_str() );  }
-    if (special_sep_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: SEP token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_sep_id,     id_to_token.at(special_sep_id).text.c_str() );  }
-    if (special_pad_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: PAD token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_pad_id,     id_to_token.at(special_pad_id).text.c_str() );  }
-    if (special_mask_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: MASK token       = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_mask_id,    id_to_token.at(special_mask_id).text.c_str() ); }
-
-    if (linefeed_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)        { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: LF token         = %d '%s'\n", __func__, linefeed_id,        id_to_token.at(linefeed_id).text.c_str() ); }
-
-    if (special_fim_pre_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM PRE token    = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_pre_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_pre_id).text.c_str() ); }
-    if (special_fim_suf_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM SUF token    = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_suf_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_suf_id).text.c_str() ); }
-    if (special_fim_mid_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM MID token    = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_mid_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_mid_id).text.c_str() ); }
-    if (special_fim_pad_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM PAD token    = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_pad_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_pad_id).text.c_str() ); }
-    if (special_fim_rep_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM REP token    = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_rep_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_rep_id).text.c_str() ); }
-    if (special_fim_sep_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM SEP token    = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_sep_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_sep_id).text.c_str() ); }
+    if (special_bos_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: BOS token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_bos_id,     id_to_token.at(special_bos_id).text.c_str() );  }
+    if (special_eos_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOS token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_eos_id,     id_to_token.at(special_eos_id).text.c_str() );  }
+    if (special_eot_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOT token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_eot_id,     id_to_token.at(special_eot_id).text.c_str() );  }
+    if (special_eom_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOM token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_eom_id,     id_to_token.at(special_eom_id).text.c_str() );  }
+    if (special_unk_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: UNK token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_unk_id,     id_to_token.at(special_unk_id).text.c_str() );  }
+    if (special_sep_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: SEP token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_sep_id,     id_to_token.at(special_sep_id).text.c_str() );  }
+    if (special_pad_id  != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: PAD token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_pad_id,     id_to_token.at(special_pad_id).text.c_str() );  }
+    if (special_mask_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)    { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: MASK token            = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_mask_id,    id_to_token.at(special_mask_id).text.c_str() ); }
+
+    if (linefeed_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL)        { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: LF token              = %d '%s'\n", __func__, linefeed_id,        id_to_token.at(linefeed_id).text.c_str() ); }
+
+    if (special_fim_pre_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM PRE token         = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_pre_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_pre_id).text.c_str() ); }
+    if (special_fim_suf_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM SUF token         = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_suf_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_suf_id).text.c_str() ); }
+    if (special_fim_mid_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM MID token         = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_mid_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_mid_id).text.c_str() ); }
+    if (special_fim_pad_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM PAD token         = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_pad_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_pad_id).text.c_str() ); }
+    if (special_fim_rep_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM REP token         = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_rep_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_rep_id).text.c_str() ); }
+    if (special_fim_sep_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) { LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: FIM SEP token         = %d '%s'\n", __func__, special_fim_sep_id, id_to_token.at(special_fim_sep_id).text.c_str() ); }
 
     for (const auto & id : special_eog_ids) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOG token        = %d '%s'\n", __func__, id, id_to_token.at(id).text.c_str() );
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO( "%s: EOG token             = %d '%s'\n", __func__, id, id_to_token.at(id).text.c_str() );
     }
 
-    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: max token length = %d\n", __func__, max_token_len);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: max token length      = %d\n", __func__, max_token_len);
 }
 
 llama_vocab::llama_vocab() : pimpl(new impl(*this)) {
 }
 
-llama_vocab::~llama_vocab() {
-}
+llama_vocab::~llama_vocab() = default;
 
 void llama_vocab::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
     pimpl->load(ml, kv);
@@ -2897,6 +3477,12 @@ llama_token llama_vocab::byte_to_token(uint8_t ch) const {
         case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_BPE: {
             return pimpl->token_to_id.at(unicode_byte_to_utf8(ch));
         }
+        case LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_PLAMO2: {
+            // PLaMo-2 uses byte tokens in format <0xXX>
+            char hex_str[8];
+            snprintf(hex_str, sizeof(hex_str), "<0x%02X>", ch);
+            return pimpl->token_to_id.at(hex_str);
+        }
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
@@ -2998,6 +3584,10 @@ llama_token llama_vocab::token_fim_sep() const {
     return pimpl->special_fim_sep_id;
 }
 
+llama_token llama_vocab::token_mask() const {
+    return pimpl->special_mask_id;
+}
+
 bool llama_vocab::get_add_space_prefix() const {
     return pimpl->add_space_prefix;
 }
@@ -3238,6 +3828,10 @@ llama_token llama_vocab_fim_sep(const struct llama_vocab * vocab) {
     return vocab->token_fim_sep();
 }
 
+llama_token llama_vocab_mask(const struct llama_vocab* vocab) {
+    return vocab->token_mask();
+}
+
 // deprecated
 const char * llama_token_get_text(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, llama_token token) {
     return llama_vocab_get_text(vocab, token);
@@ -3374,4 +3968,3 @@ int32_t llama_detokenize(
                         bool   unparse_special) {
     return vocab->detokenize(tokens, n_tokens, text, text_len_max, remove_special, unparse_special);
 }
-
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.h
index 40e4d1c05b1..be5b08012df 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama-vocab.h
@@ -6,6 +6,60 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <memory>
 
+// pre-tokenization types
+enum llama_vocab_pre_type {
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEFAULT         = 0,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_LLAMA3          = 1,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK_LLM    = 2,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK_CODER  = 3,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_FALCON          = 4,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MPT             = 5,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_STARCODER       = 6,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT2            = 7,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_REFACT          = 8,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_COMMAND_R       = 9,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_STABLELM2       = 10,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN2           = 11,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_OLMO            = 12,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DBRX            = 13,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SMAUG           = 14,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_PORO            = 15,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CHATGLM3        = 16,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CHATGLM4        = 17,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_VIKING          = 18,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS            = 19,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TEKKEN          = 20,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SMOLLM          = 21,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CODESHELL       = 22,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_BLOOM           = 23,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT3_FINNISH    = 24,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_EXAONE          = 25,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CHAMELEON       = 26,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MINERVA         = 27,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK3_LLM   = 28,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT4O           = 29,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SUPERBPE        = 30,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TRILLION        = 31,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_BAILINGMOE      = 32,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_LLAMA4          = 33,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_PIXTRAL         = 34,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SEED_CODER      = 35,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_HUNYUAN         = 36,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_KIMI_K2         = 37,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_HUNYUAN_DENSE   = 38,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GROK_2          = 39,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GRANITE_DOCLING = 40,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MINIMAX_M2      = 41,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_AFMOE           = 42,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SOLAR_OPEN      = 43,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_YOUTU           = 44,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_EXAONE_MOE      = 45,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN35          = 46,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TINY_AYA        = 47,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JOYAI_LLM       = 48,
+    LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS2           = 49,
+};
+
 struct LLM_KV;
 struct llama_model_loader;
 
@@ -59,6 +113,7 @@ struct llama_vocab {
     llama_token token_sep() const;
     llama_token token_nl () const;
     llama_token token_pad() const;
+    llama_token token_mask() const;
 
     llama_token token_prefix() const;
     llama_token token_middle() const;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/llama.cpp
index 34906cdb628..872e659edca 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+#include "llama.h"
+
+#include "ggml-cpp.h"
 #include "llama-impl.h"
 
 #include "llama-chat.h"
+#include "llama-context.h"
 #include "llama-mmap.h"
 #include "llama-vocab.h"
 #include "llama-model-loader.h"
@@ -9,13 +13,17 @@
 
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <stdexcept>
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
@@ -25,9 +33,737 @@
 // interface implementation
 //
 
+const char * llama_flash_attn_type_name(enum llama_flash_attn_type flash_attn_type) {
+    switch (flash_attn_type) {
+        case LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO:
+            return "auto";
+        case LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED:
+            return "disabled";
+        case LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_ENABLED:
+            return "enabled";
+    }
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
+struct llama_device_memory_data {
+    int64_t total;
+    int64_t free;
+    llama_memory_breakdown_data mb;
+};
+
+static std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> llama_get_device_memory_data(
+        const char * path_model, const llama_model_params * mparams, const llama_context_params * cparams,
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> & devs, uint32_t & hp_ngl, uint32_t & hp_n_ctx_train, uint32_t & hp_n_expert,
+        const ggml_log_level log_level) {
+    struct user_data_t {
+        struct {
+            ggml_log_callback callback;
+            void * user_data;
+        } original_logger;
+        ggml_log_level min_level; // prints below this log level go to debug log
+    };
+    user_data_t ud;
+    llama_log_get(&ud.original_logger.callback, &ud.original_logger.user_data);
+    ud.min_level = log_level;
+
+    llama_log_set([](ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * user_data) {
+        const user_data_t * ud = (const user_data_t *) user_data;
+        const ggml_log_level level_eff = level >= ud->min_level ? level : GGML_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG;
+        ud->original_logger.callback(level_eff, text, ud->original_logger.user_data);
+    }, &ud);
+
+    llama_model_params mparams_copy = *mparams;
+    mparams_copy.no_alloc  = true;
+    mparams_copy.use_mmap  = false;
+    mparams_copy.use_mlock = false;
+
+    llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(path_model, mparams_copy);
+    if (model == nullptr) {
+        llama_log_set(ud.original_logger.callback, ud.original_logger.user_data);
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to load model");
+    }
+
+    llama_context * ctx = llama_init_from_model(model, *cparams);
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        llama_model_free(model);
+        llama_log_set(ud.original_logger.callback, ud.original_logger.user_data);
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create llama_context from model");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> ret(model->devices.size());
+
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> memory_breakdown = ctx->memory_breakdown();
+
+    for (const auto & [buft, mb] : memory_breakdown) {
+        if (ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+        if (!dev) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); i++) {
+            if (model->devices[i] == dev) {
+                ret[i].mb.model   += mb.model;
+                ret[i].mb.context += mb.context;
+                ret[i].mb.compute += mb.compute;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); i++) {
+        size_t free;
+        size_t total;
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(model->devices[i], &free, &total);
+
+        // devices can return 0 bytes for free and total memory if they do not
+        // have any to report. in this case, we will use the host memory as a fallback
+        // fixes: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/18577
+        if (free == 0 && total == 0) {
+            ggml_backend_dev_t cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
+            if (cpu_dev == nullptr) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
+            }
+            ggml_backend_dev_memory(cpu_dev, &free, &total);
+        }
+        ret[i].free  = free;
+        ret[i].total = total;
+    }
+
+    devs           = model->devices;
+    hp_ngl         = model->hparams.n_layer;
+    hp_n_ctx_train = model->hparams.n_ctx_train;
+    hp_n_expert    = model->hparams.n_expert;
+
+    llama_memory_breakdown_print(ctx); // goes to debug log
+
+    llama_free(ctx);
+    llama_model_free(model);
+    llama_log_set(ud.original_logger.callback, ud.original_logger.user_data);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+// enum to identify part of a layer for distributing its tensors:
+enum layer_fraction_t {
+    LAYER_FRACTION_NONE = 0, // nothing
+    LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN = 1, // attention
+    LAYER_FRACTION_UP   = 2, // attention + up
+    LAYER_FRACTION_GATE = 3, // attention + up + gate
+    LAYER_FRACTION_MOE  = 4, // everything but sparse MoE weights
+};
+// this enum is only used in llama_params_fit_impl but needs to be defined outside of it to fix a Windows compilation issue
+
+class llama_params_fit_exception : public std::runtime_error {
+    using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+};
+
+static void llama_params_fit_impl(
+        const char * path_model, struct llama_model_params * mparams, struct llama_context_params * cparams,
+        float * tensor_split, struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides,
+        size_t * margins_s, uint32_t n_ctx_min, enum ggml_log_level log_level) {
+    constexpr int64_t MiB = 1024*1024;
+    typedef std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> dmds_t;
+    const llama_model_params default_mparams = llama_model_default_params();
+
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devs;
+    uint32_t hp_ngl = 0; // hparams.n_gpu_layers
+    uint32_t hp_nct = 0; // hparams.n_ctx_train
+    uint32_t hp_nex = 0; // hparams.n_expert
+
+    // step 1: get data for default parameters and check whether any changes are necessary in the first place
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: getting device memory data for initial parameters:\n", __func__);
+    const dmds_t dmds_full = llama_get_device_memory_data(path_model, mparams, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+    const size_t nd = devs.size(); // number of devices
+    if (nd == 0) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: no devices with dedicated memory found\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> margins; // this function uses int64_t rather than size_t for memory sizes to more conveniently handle deficits
+    margins.reserve(nd);
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+        margins.push_back(margins_s[id]);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> dev_names;
+    {
+        dev_names.reserve(nd);
+        size_t max_length = 0;
+        for (ggml_backend_dev_t dev : devs) {
+            std::string name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev);
+            name += " (";
+            name += ggml_backend_dev_description(dev);
+            name += ")";
+            dev_names.push_back(name);
+            max_length = std::max(max_length, name.length());
+        }
+        for (std::string & dn : dev_names) {
+            dn.insert(dn.end(), max_length - dn.length(), ' ');
+        }
+    }
+
+    int64_t sum_free            = 0;
+    int64_t sum_projected_free  = 0;
+    int64_t sum_projected_used  = 0;
+    int64_t sum_projected_model = 0;
+    std::vector<int64_t> projected_free_per_device;
+    projected_free_per_device.reserve(nd);
+
+    if (nd > 1) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: projected memory use with initial parameters [MiB]:\n", __func__);
+    }
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+        const llama_device_memory_data & dmd = dmds_full[id];
+
+        const int64_t projected_used = dmd.mb.total();
+        const int64_t projected_free = dmd.free - projected_used;
+        projected_free_per_device.push_back(projected_free);
+
+        sum_free            += dmd.free;
+        sum_projected_used  += projected_used;
+        sum_projected_free  += projected_free;
+        sum_projected_model += dmd.mb.model;
+
+        if (nd > 1) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:   - %s: %6" PRId64 " total, %6" PRId64 " used, %6" PRId64 " free vs. target of %6" PRId64 "\n",
+                __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), dmd.total/MiB, projected_used/MiB, projected_free/MiB, margins[id]/MiB);
+        }
+    }
+    assert(sum_free >= 0 && sum_projected_used >= 0);
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: projected to use %" PRId64 " MiB of device memory vs. %" PRId64 " MiB of free device memory\n",
+        __func__, sum_projected_used/MiB, sum_free/MiB);
+    if (nd == 1) {
+        if (projected_free_per_device[0] >= margins[0]) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: will leave %" PRId64 " >= %" PRId64 " MiB of free device memory, no changes needed\n",
+                __func__, projected_free_per_device[0]/MiB, margins[0]/MiB);
+            return;
+        }
+    } else {
+        bool changes_needed = false;
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            if (projected_free_per_device[id] < margins[id]) {
+                changes_needed = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!changes_needed) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: targets for free memory can be met on all devices, no changes needed\n", __func__);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // step 2: try reducing memory use by reducing the context size
+
+    {
+        int64_t global_surplus = sum_projected_free;
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            global_surplus -= margins[id];
+        }
+        if (global_surplus < 0) {
+            if (nd == 1) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: cannot meet free memory target of %" PRId64 " MiB, need to reduce device memory by %" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                    __func__, margins[0]/MiB, -global_surplus/MiB);
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO(
+                    "%s: cannot meet free memory targets on all devices, need to use %" PRId64 " MiB less in total\n",
+                    __func__, -global_surplus/MiB);
+            }
+            if (cparams->n_ctx == 0) {
+                if (hp_nct > n_ctx_min) {
+                    int64_t sum_used_target = sum_free;
+                    for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                        sum_used_target -= margins[id];
+                    }
+                    if (nd > 1) {
+                        // for multiple devices we need to be more conservative in terms of how much context we think can fit:
+                        //   - for dense models only whole layers can be assigned to devices
+                        //   - for MoE models only whole tensors can be assigned to devices, which we estimate to be <= 1/3 of a layer
+                        //   - on average we expect a waste of 0.5 layers/tensors per device
+                        //   - use slightly more than the expected average for nd devices to be safe
+                        const int64_t model_per_layer = sum_projected_model / std::min(uint32_t(mparams->n_gpu_layers), hp_ngl);
+                        sum_used_target -= (nd + 1) * model_per_layer / (hp_nex == 0 ? 2 : 6);
+                    }
+
+                    int64_t sum_projected_used_min_ctx = 0;
+                    cparams->n_ctx = n_ctx_min;
+                    const dmds_t dmds_min_ctx = llama_get_device_memory_data(path_model, mparams, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+                    for (const auto & dmd : dmds_min_ctx) {
+                        sum_projected_used_min_ctx += dmd.mb.total();
+                    }
+                    if (sum_used_target > sum_projected_used_min_ctx) {
+                        // linear interpolation between minimum and maximum context size:
+                        cparams->n_ctx += (hp_nct - n_ctx_min) * (sum_used_target - sum_projected_used_min_ctx)
+                            / (sum_projected_used - sum_projected_used_min_ctx);
+                        cparams->n_ctx = std::max(cparams->n_ctx - cparams->n_ctx % 256, n_ctx_min); // round down context for CUDA backend
+
+                        const int64_t bytes_per_ctx = (sum_projected_used - sum_projected_used_min_ctx) / (hp_nct - n_ctx_min);
+                        const int64_t memory_reduction = (hp_nct - cparams->n_ctx) * bytes_per_ctx;
+                        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: context size reduced from %" PRIu32 " to %" PRIu32 " -> need %" PRId64 " MiB less memory in total\n",
+                            __func__, hp_nct, cparams->n_ctx, memory_reduction/MiB);
+                        if (nd == 1) {
+                            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: entire model can be fit by reducing context\n", __func__);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: entire model should be fit across devices by reducing context\n", __func__);
+                    } else {
+                        const int64_t memory_reduction = sum_projected_used - sum_projected_used_min_ctx;
+                        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: context size reduced from %" PRIu32 " to %" PRIu32 " -> need %" PRId64 " MiB less memory in total\n",
+                            __func__, hp_nct, cparams->n_ctx, memory_reduction/MiB);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (n_ctx_min == UINT32_MAX) {
+                        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: user has requested full context size of %" PRIu32 " -> no change\n", __func__, hp_nct);
+                    } else {
+                        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: default model context size is %" PRIu32 " which is <= the min. context size of %" PRIu32 " -> no change\n",
+                            __func__, hp_nct, n_ctx_min);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: context size set by user to %" PRIu32 " -> no change\n", __func__, cparams->n_ctx);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mparams->n_gpu_layers != default_mparams.n_gpu_layers) {
+        throw llama_params_fit_exception("n_gpu_layers already set by user to " + std::to_string(mparams->n_gpu_layers) + ", abort");
+    }
+    if (nd > 1) {
+        if (!tensor_split) {
+            throw llama_params_fit_exception("did not provide a buffer to write the tensor_split to, abort");
+        }
+        if (mparams->tensor_split) {
+            for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                if (mparams->tensor_split[id] != 0.0f) {
+                    throw llama_params_fit_exception("model_params::tensor_split already set by user, abort");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (mparams->split_mode == LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_ROW) {
+            throw llama_params_fit_exception("changing weight allocation for LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_ROW not implemented, abort");
+        }
+    }
+    if (!tensor_buft_overrides) {
+        throw llama_params_fit_exception("did not provide buffer to set tensor_buft_overrides, abort");
+    }
+    if (mparams->tensor_buft_overrides && (mparams->tensor_buft_overrides->pattern || mparams->tensor_buft_overrides->buft)) {
+        throw llama_params_fit_exception("model_params::tensor_buft_overrides already set by user, abort");
+    }
+
+    // step 3: iteratively fill the back to front with "dense" layers
+    //   - for a dense model simply fill full layers, giving each device a contiguous slice of the model
+    //   - for a MoE model, same as dense model but with all MoE tensors in system memory
+
+    // utility function that returns a static C string matching the tensors for a specific layer index and layer fraction:
+    auto get_overflow_pattern = [&](const size_t il, const layer_fraction_t lf) -> const char * {
+        constexpr size_t n_strings = 1000;
+        if (il >= n_strings) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("at most " + std::to_string(n_strings) + " model layers are supported");
+        }
+        switch (lf) {
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_(up|gate|down).*";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_UP: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_(gate|down).*";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_GATE: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_down.*";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_MOE: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_(up|down|gate)_(ch|)exps";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct ngl_t {
+        uint32_t n_layer = 0; // number of total layers
+        uint32_t n_part  = 0; // number of partial layers, <= n_layer
+
+        // for the first partial layer varying parts can overflow, all further layers use LAYER_FRACTION_MOE:
+        layer_fraction_t overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_MOE;
+
+        uint32_t n_full() const {
+            assert(n_layer >= n_part);
+            return n_layer - n_part;
+        }
+    };
+
+    const size_t ntbo = llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides();
+
+    // utility function to set n_gpu_layers and tensor_split
+    auto set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo = [&](
+            const std::vector<ngl_t> & ngl_per_device,
+            const std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> & overflow_bufts,
+            llama_model_params & mparams) {
+        mparams.n_gpu_layers = 0;
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            mparams.n_gpu_layers += ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+            if (nd > 1) {
+                tensor_split[id] = ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+            }
+        }
+        assert(uint32_t(mparams.n_gpu_layers) <= hp_ngl + 1);
+        uint32_t il0 = hp_ngl + 1 - mparams.n_gpu_layers; // start index for tensor buft overrides
+
+        mparams.tensor_split = tensor_split;
+
+        size_t itbo = 0;
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            il0 += ngl_per_device[id].n_full();
+            for (uint32_t il = il0; il < il0 + ngl_per_device[id].n_part; il++) {
+                if (itbo + 1 >= ntbo) {
+                    tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].pattern = nullptr;
+                    tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].buft    = nullptr;
+                    itbo++;
+                    mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+                    throw llama_params_fit_exception("llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides() == "
+                        + std::to_string(ntbo) + " is insufficient for model");
+                }
+                tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].pattern = get_overflow_pattern(il, il == il0 ? ngl_per_device[id].overflow_type : LAYER_FRACTION_MOE);
+                tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].buft = il == il0 ? overflow_bufts[id] : ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
+                itbo++;
+            }
+            il0 += ngl_per_device[id].n_part;
+        }
+        tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].pattern = nullptr;
+        tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].buft    = nullptr;
+        itbo++;
+        mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+    };
+
+    // utility function that returns the memory use per device for given numbers of layers per device
+    auto get_memory_for_layers = [&](
+            const char * func_name,
+            const std::vector<ngl_t> & ngl_per_device,
+            const std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> & overflow_bufts) -> std::vector<int64_t> {
+        llama_model_params mparams_copy = *mparams;
+        set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo(ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts, mparams_copy);
+
+        const dmds_t dmd_nl = llama_get_device_memory_data(
+            path_model, &mparams_copy, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: memory for test allocation by device:\n", func_name);
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            const ngl_t & n = ngl_per_device[id];
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG(
+                "%s: id=%zu, n_layer=%2" PRIu32 ", n_part=%2" PRIu32 ", overflow_type=%d, mem=%6" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                func_name, id, n.n_layer, n.n_part, int(n.overflow_type), dmd_nl[id].mb.total()/MiB);
+        }
+
+        std::vector<int64_t> ret;
+        ret.reserve(nd);
+        for (const llama_device_memory_data & dmd : dmd_nl) {
+            ret.push_back(dmd.mb.total());
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    int64_t global_surplus_cpu_moe = 0;
+    if (hp_nex > 0) {
+        const static std::string pattern_moe_all = "blk\\.\\d+\\.ffn_(up|down|gate)_(ch|)exps"; // matches all MoE tensors
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t cpu_buft = ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
+        tensor_buft_overrides[0] = {pattern_moe_all.c_str(), cpu_buft};
+        tensor_buft_overrides[1] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+        mparams->tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: getting device memory data with all MoE tensors moved to system memory:\n", __func__);
+        const dmds_t dmds_cpu_moe = llama_get_device_memory_data(
+            path_model, mparams, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            global_surplus_cpu_moe += dmds_cpu_moe[id].free;
+            global_surplus_cpu_moe -= int64_t(dmds_cpu_moe[id].mb.total()) + margins[id];
+        }
+
+        if (global_surplus_cpu_moe > 0) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: with only dense weights in device memory there is a total surplus of %" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                __func__, global_surplus_cpu_moe/MiB);
+        } else {
+            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: with only dense weights in device memory there is still a total deficit of %" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                __func__, -global_surplus_cpu_moe/MiB);
+        }
+
+        // reset
+        tensor_buft_overrides[0] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+        mparams->tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> targets; // maximum acceptable memory use per device
+    targets.reserve(nd);
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+        targets.push_back(dmds_full[id].free - margins[id]);
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: id=%zu, target=%" PRId64 " MiB\n", __func__, id, targets[id]/MiB);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> overflow_bufts; // which bufts the first partial layer of a device overflows to:
+    overflow_bufts.reserve(nd);
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+        overflow_bufts.push_back(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device(nd);
+    std::vector<int64_t> mem = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts);
+
+    // optimize the number of layers per device using the method of false position:
+    //   - ngl_per_device has 0 layers for each device, lower bound
+    //   - try a "high" configuration where a device is given all unassigned layers
+    //   - interpolate the memory use / layer between low and high linearly to get a guess where it meets our target
+    //   - check memory use of our guess, replace either the low or high bound
+    //   - once we only have a difference of a single layer, stop and return the lower bound that just barely still fits
+    //   - the last device has the output layer, which cannot be a partial layer
+    if (hp_nex == 0) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: filling dense layers back-to-front:\n", __func__);
+    } else {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: filling dense-only layers back-to-front:\n", __func__);
+    }
+    for (int id = nd - 1; id >= 0; id--) {
+        uint32_t n_unassigned = hp_ngl + 1;
+        for (size_t jd = id + 1; jd < nd; ++jd) {
+            assert(n_unassigned >= ngl_per_device[jd].n_layer);
+            n_unassigned -= ngl_per_device[jd].n_layer;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device;
+        ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer = n_unassigned;
+        if (hp_nex > 0) {
+            ngl_per_device_high[id].n_part = size_t(id) < nd - 1 ? ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer : ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer - 1;
+        }
+        if (ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer > 0) {
+            std::vector<int64_t> mem_high = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_high, overflow_bufts);
+            if (mem_high[id] > targets[id]) {
+                assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer > ngl_per_device[id].n_layer);
+                uint32_t delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer - ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: start filling device %" PRIu32 ", delta=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, delta);
+                while (delta > 1) {
+                    uint32_t step_size = int64_t(delta) * (targets[id] - mem[id]) / (mem_high[id] - mem[id]);
+                    step_size = std::max(step_size, uint32_t(1));
+                    step_size = std::min(step_size, delta - 1);
+
+                    std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_test = ngl_per_device;
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id].n_layer += step_size;
+                    if (hp_nex) {
+                        ngl_per_device_test[id].n_part += size_t(id) == nd - 1 && ngl_per_device_test[id].n_part == 0 ?
+                            step_size - 1 : step_size; // the first layer is the output layer which must always be full
+                    }
+                    const std::vector<int64_t> mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts);
+
+                    if (mem_test[id] <= targets[id]) {
+                        ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                        mem            = mem_test;
+                        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device[%d].n_layer=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer);
+                    } else {
+                        ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device_test;
+                        mem_high            = mem_test;
+                        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device_high[%d].n_layer=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer);
+                    }
+                    delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer - ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+                }
+            } else {
+                assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer == n_unassigned);
+                ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_high;
+                mem            = mem_high;
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device[%d].n_layer=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const int64_t projected_margin = dmds_full[id].free - mem[id];
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO(
+            "%s:   - %s: %2" PRIu32 " layers, %6" PRId64 " MiB used, %6" PRId64 " MiB free\n",
+            __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, mem[id]/MiB, projected_margin/MiB);
+    }
+    if (hp_nex == 0 || global_surplus_cpu_moe <= 0) {
+        set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo(ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts, *mparams);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // step 4: for a MoE model where all dense tensors fit,
+    //     convert the dense-only layers in the back to full layers in the front until all devices are full
+    // essentially the same procedure as for the dense-only layers except front-to-back
+    // also, try fitting at least part of one more layer to reduce waste for "small" GPUs with e.g. 24 GiB VRAM
+
+    size_t id_dense_start = nd;
+    for (int id = nd - 1; id >= 0; id--) {
+        if (ngl_per_device[id].n_layer > 0) {
+            id_dense_start = id;
+            continue;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    assert(id_dense_start < nd);
+
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: converting dense-only layers to full layers and filling them front-to-back with overflow to next device/system memory:\n", __func__);
+    for (size_t id = 0; id <= id_dense_start && id_dense_start < nd; id++) {
+        std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device;
+        for (size_t jd = id_dense_start; jd < nd; jd++) {
+            const uint32_t n_layer_move = jd < nd - 1 ? ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_layer : ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_layer - 1;
+            ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer += n_layer_move;
+            ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_layer -= n_layer_move;
+            ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_part = 0;
+        }
+        size_t id_dense_start_high = nd - 1;
+        std::vector<int64_t> mem_high = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_high, overflow_bufts);
+
+        if (mem_high[id] > targets[id]) {
+            assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() >= ngl_per_device[id].n_full());
+            uint32_t delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() - ngl_per_device[id].n_full();
+            while (delta > 1) {
+                uint32_t step_size = int64_t(delta) * (targets[id] - mem[id]) / (mem_high[id] - mem[id]);
+                step_size = std::max(step_size, uint32_t(1));
+                step_size = std::min(step_size, delta - 1);
+
+                std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_test = ngl_per_device;
+                size_t id_dense_start_test = id_dense_start;
+                uint32_t n_converted_test = 0;
+                for (;id_dense_start_test < nd; id_dense_start_test++) {
+                    const uint32_t n_convert_jd = std::min(step_size - n_converted_test, ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part);
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_layer -= n_convert_jd;
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part -= n_convert_jd;
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id].n_layer += n_convert_jd;
+                    n_converted_test += n_convert_jd;
+
+                    if (ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part > 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                const std::vector<int64_t> mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts);
+
+                if (mem_test[id] <= targets[id]) {
+                    ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    mem            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 "), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+                } else {
+                    ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    mem_high            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start_high = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device_high[%zu].(n_layer, n_part)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 "), id_dense_start_high=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device_high[id].n_part, id_dense_start_high);
+                }
+                assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() >= ngl_per_device[id].n_full());
+                delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() - ngl_per_device[id].n_full();
+            }
+        } else {
+            ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_high;
+            mem            = mem_high;
+            id_dense_start = id_dense_start_high;
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 "), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+        }
+
+        // try to fit at least part of one more layer
+        if (ngl_per_device[id_dense_start].n_layer > (id < nd - 1 ? 0 : 1)) {
+            std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_test = ngl_per_device;
+            size_t id_dense_start_test = id_dense_start;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_layer--;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part--;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id].n_layer++;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id].n_part++;
+            if (ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part == 0) {
+                id_dense_start_test++;
+            }
+            ngl_per_device_test[id].overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_UP;
+            std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> overflow_bufts_test = overflow_bufts;
+            if (id < nd - 1) {
+                overflow_bufts_test[id] = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(devs[id + 1]);
+            }
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: trying to fit one extra layer with overflow_type=LAYER_FRACTION_UP\n", __func__);
+            std::vector<int64_t> mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts_test);
+            if (mem_test[id] < targets[id] && (id + 1 == nd || mem_test[id + 1] < targets[id + 1])) {
+                ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                overflow_bufts = overflow_bufts_test;
+                mem            = mem_test;
+                id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part, overflow_type)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", UP), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                    __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+
+                ngl_per_device_test[id].overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_GATE;
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: trying to fit one extra layer with overflow_type=LAYER_FRACTION_GATE\n", __func__);
+                mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts_test);
+                if (mem_test[id] < targets[id] && (id + 1 == nd || mem_test[id + 1] < targets[id + 1])) {
+                    ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    overflow_bufts = overflow_bufts_test;
+                    mem            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part, overflow_type)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", GATE), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+                }
+            } else {
+                ngl_per_device_test[id].overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN;
+                LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: trying to fit one extra layer with overflow_type=LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN\n", __func__);
+                mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts_test);
+                if (mem_test[id] < targets[id] && (id + 1 == nd || mem_test[id + 1] < targets[id + 1])) {
+                    ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    overflow_bufts = overflow_bufts_test;
+                    mem            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part, overflow_type)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", ATTN), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        const int64_t projected_margin = dmds_full[id].free - mem[id];
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO(
+            "%s:   - %s: %2" PRIu32 " layers (%2" PRIu32 " overflowing), %6" PRId64 " MiB used, %6" PRId64 " MiB free\n",
+            __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, mem[id]/MiB, projected_margin/MiB);
+    }
+
+    // print info for devices that were not changed during the conversion from dense only to full layers:
+    for (size_t id = id_dense_start + 1; id < nd; id++) {
+        const int64_t projected_margin = dmds_full[id].free - mem[id];
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO(
+            "%s:   - %s: %2" PRIu32 " layers (%2" PRIu32 " overflowing), %6" PRId64 " MiB used, %6" PRId64 " MiB free\n",
+            __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, mem[id]/MiB, projected_margin/MiB);
+    }
+
+    set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo(ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts, *mparams);
+}
+
+enum llama_params_fit_status llama_params_fit(
+        const char * path_model, struct llama_model_params * mparams, struct llama_context_params * cparams,
+        float * tensor_split, struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides,
+        size_t * margins, uint32_t n_ctx_min, enum ggml_log_level log_level) {
+    const int64_t t0_us = llama_time_us();
+    llama_params_fit_status status = LLAMA_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    try {
+        llama_params_fit_impl(path_model, mparams, cparams, tensor_split, tensor_buft_overrides, margins, n_ctx_min, log_level);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: successfully fit params to free device memory\n", __func__);
+    } catch (const llama_params_fit_exception & e) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: failed to fit params to free device memory: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+        status = LLAMA_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_FAILURE;
+    } catch (const std::runtime_error & e) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: encountered an error while trying to fit params to free device memory: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+        status = LLAMA_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_ERROR;
+    }
+    const int64_t t1_us = llama_time_us();
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: fitting params to free memory took %.2f seconds\n", __func__, (t1_us - t0_us) * 1e-6);
+    return status;
+}
+
 struct llama_sampler_chain_params llama_sampler_chain_default_params() {
     struct llama_sampler_chain_params result = {
-        /*.no_perf                     =*/ true,
+        /*.no_perf =*/ true,
     };
 
     return result;
@@ -37,6 +773,10 @@ size_t llama_max_devices(void) {
     return 16;
 }
 
+size_t llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides() {
+    return 4096;
+}
+
 bool llama_supports_mmap(void) {
     return llama_mmap::SUPPORTED;
 }
@@ -47,6 +787,7 @@ bool llama_supports_mlock(void) {
 
 bool llama_supports_gpu_offload(void) {
     return ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) != nullptr ||
+           ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU) != nullptr ||
            llama_supports_rpc();
 }
 
@@ -71,7 +812,9 @@ void llama_numa_init(enum ggml_numa_strategy numa) {
         GGML_ASSERT(dev && "CPU backend is not loaded");
         auto * reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(dev);
         auto * numa_init_fn = (decltype(ggml_numa_init) *) ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_backend_cpu_numa_init");
-        numa_init_fn(numa);
+        if (numa_init_fn) {
+            numa_init_fn(numa);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +827,8 @@ int64_t llama_time_us(void) {
 }
 
 // Returns 0 on success, -1 on error, and -2 on cancellation via llama_progress_callback
-static int llama_model_load(const std::string & fname, std::vector<std::string> & splits, llama_model & model, llama_model_params & params) {
+static int llama_model_load(struct gguf_context * metadata, llama_model_set_tensor_data_t set_tensor_data, void * set_tensor_data_ud,
+        const std::string & fname, std::vector<std::string> & splits, llama_model & model, llama_model_params & params) {
     // loading time will be recalculated after the first eval, so
     // we take page faults deferred by mmap() into consideration
     model.t_load_us = 0;
@@ -93,11 +837,13 @@ static int llama_model_load(const std::string & fname, std::vector<std::string>
     model.t_start_us = tm.t_start_us;
 
     try {
-        llama_model_loader ml(fname, splits, params.use_mmap, params.check_tensors, params.kv_overrides, params.tensor_buft_overrides);
+        llama_model_loader ml(metadata, set_tensor_data, set_tensor_data_ud, fname, splits, params.use_mmap, params.use_direct_io,
+            params.check_tensors, params.no_alloc, params.kv_overrides, params.tensor_buft_overrides);
 
         ml.print_info();
 
         model.hparams.vocab_only = params.vocab_only;
+        model.hparams.no_alloc   = params.no_alloc;
 
         try {
             model.load_arch(ml);
@@ -109,6 +855,9 @@ static int llama_model_load(const std::string & fname, std::vector<std::string>
         } catch(const std::exception & e) {
             throw std::runtime_error("error loading model hyperparameters: " + std::string(e.what()));
         }
+        if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_CLIP) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("CLIP cannot be used as main model, use it with --mmproj instead");
+        }
         try {
             model.load_vocab(ml);
         } catch(const std::exception & e) {
@@ -135,9 +884,13 @@ static int llama_model_load(const std::string & fname, std::vector<std::string>
 }
 
 static struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file_impl(
+        struct gguf_context * metadata,
+        llama_model_set_tensor_data_t set_tensor_data,
+        void * set_tensor_data_ud,
         const std::string & path_model,
         std::vector<std::string> & splits,
         struct llama_model_params params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT((metadata == nullptr) != path_model.empty() && "exactly one out of metadata and path_model needs to be defined");
     ggml_time_init();
 
     if (!params.vocab_only && ggml_backend_reg_count() == 0) {
@@ -170,8 +923,13 @@ static struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file_impl(
             model->devices.push_back(*dev);
         }
     } else {
+        // default device selection
+
+        // build list of available devices
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> gpus;
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> igpus;
         std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> rpc_servers;
-        // use all available devices
+
         for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
             ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
             switch (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev)) {
@@ -180,19 +938,51 @@ static struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file_impl(
                     // skip CPU backends since they are handled separately
                     break;
 
-                case GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU:
+                case GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU: {
                     ggml_backend_reg_t reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(dev);
                     if (ggml_backend_reg_name(reg) == std::string("RPC")) {
                         rpc_servers.push_back(dev);
                     } else {
-                        model->devices.push_back(dev);
+                        // check if there is already a GPU with the same device id
+                        ggml_backend_dev_props props;
+                        ggml_backend_dev_get_props(dev, &props);
+                        auto it = std::find_if(gpus.begin(), gpus.end(), [&props](ggml_backend_dev_t d) {
+                            ggml_backend_dev_props d_props;
+                            ggml_backend_dev_get_props(d, &d_props);
+                            if (props.device_id && d_props.device_id) {
+                                return strcmp(props.device_id, d_props.device_id) == 0;
+                            }
+                            return false;
+                        });
+
+                        if (it != gpus.end()) {
+                            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: skipping device %s (%s) with id %s - already using device %s (%s) with the same id\n",
+                                    __func__,
+                                    ggml_backend_dev_name(dev), ggml_backend_dev_description(dev),
+                                    props.device_id ? props.device_id : "unknown id",
+                                    ggml_backend_dev_name(*it), ggml_backend_dev_description(*it));
+                        } else {
+                            gpus.push_back(dev);
+                        }
                     }
                     break;
+                }
+
+                case GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU:
+                    igpus.push_back(dev);
+                    break;
             }
         }
-        // add RPC servers at the front of the list
-        if (!rpc_servers.empty()) {
-            model->devices.insert(model->devices.begin(), rpc_servers.begin(), rpc_servers.end());
+
+        // add RPC servers at the front of the list to minimize network transfers
+        model->devices.insert(model->devices.begin(), rpc_servers.begin(), rpc_servers.end());
+
+        // add GPUs
+        model->devices.insert(model->devices.end(), gpus.begin(), gpus.end());
+
+        // add integrated GPUs only if no other devices were found
+        if (model->devices.empty()) {
+            model->devices.insert(model->devices.end(), igpus.begin(), igpus.end());
         }
     }
 
@@ -213,12 +1003,15 @@ static struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file_impl(
     }
 
     for (auto * dev : model->devices) {
-        size_t free, total; // NOLINT
-        ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
-        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: using device %s (%s) - %zu MiB free\n", __func__, ggml_backend_dev_name(dev), ggml_backend_dev_description(dev), free/1024/1024);
+        ggml_backend_dev_props props;
+        ggml_backend_dev_get_props(dev, &props);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: using device %s (%s) (%s) - %zu MiB free\n", __func__,
+                ggml_backend_dev_name(dev), ggml_backend_dev_description(dev),
+                props.device_id ? props.device_id : "unknown id",
+                props.memory_free/1024/1024);
     }
 
-    const int status = llama_model_load(path_model, splits, *model, params);
+    const int status = llama_model_load(metadata, set_tensor_data, set_tensor_data_ud, path_model, splits, *model, params);
     GGML_ASSERT(status <= 0);
     if (status < 0) {
         if (status == -1) {
@@ -234,6 +1027,18 @@ static struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file_impl(
     return model;
 }
 
+struct llama_model * llama_model_init_from_user(
+        struct gguf_context * metadata,
+        llama_model_set_tensor_data_t set_tensor_data,
+        void * set_tensor_data_ud,
+        struct llama_model_params params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(metadata != nullptr);
+    std::string path_model;
+    std::vector<std::string> splits = {};
+    params.use_mmap = false;
+    params.use_extra_bufts = false;
+    return llama_model_load_from_file_impl(metadata, set_tensor_data, set_tensor_data_ud, path_model, splits, params);
+}
 // deprecated
 struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_file(
         const char * path_model,
@@ -245,7 +1050,7 @@ struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file(
         const char * path_model,
         struct llama_model_params params) {
     std::vector<std::string> splits = {};
-    return llama_model_load_from_file_impl(path_model, splits, params);
+    return llama_model_load_from_file_impl(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, path_model, splits, params);
 }
 
 struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_splits(
@@ -257,14 +1062,15 @@ struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_splits(
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: list of splits is empty\n", __func__);
         return nullptr;
     }
+    splits.reserve(n_paths);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < n_paths; ++i) {
         splits.push_back(paths[i]);
     }
-    return llama_model_load_from_file_impl(splits.front(), splits, params);
+    return llama_model_load_from_file_impl(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, splits.front(), splits, params);
 }
 
 void llama_model_save_to_file(const struct llama_model * model, const char * path_model) {
-    llama_model_saver ms(*model);
+    llama_model_saver ms(model);
     ms.add_kv_from_model();
     ms.add_tensors_from_model();
     ms.save(path_model);
@@ -309,25 +1115,55 @@ int32_t llama_chat_apply_template(
 // model split
 //
 
-int llama_split_path(char * split_path, size_t maxlen, const char * path_prefix, int split_no, int split_count) {
+int32_t llama_split_path(
+    char * split_path,
+    size_t maxlen,
+    const char * path_prefix,
+    int32_t split_no,
+    int32_t split_count) {
+
     static const char * const SPLIT_PATH_FORMAT = "%s-%05d-of-%05d.gguf";
-    if (snprintf(split_path, maxlen, SPLIT_PATH_FORMAT, path_prefix, split_no + 1, split_count)) {
-        return strlen(split_path);
+
+    const int written = snprintf(
+        split_path,
+        maxlen,
+        SPLIT_PATH_FORMAT,
+        path_prefix,
+        split_no + 1,
+        split_count
+    );
+
+    if (written < 0 || (size_t) written >= maxlen) {
+        return 0;
     }
-    return 0;
+
+    return (int32_t) written;
 }
 
-int llama_split_prefix(char * split_prefix, size_t maxlen, const char * split_path, int split_no, int split_count) {
-    std::string str_split_path(split_path);
+int32_t llama_split_prefix(
+    char * split_prefix,
+    size_t maxlen,
+    const char * split_path,
+    int32_t split_no,
+    int32_t split_count) {
+
+    const std::string str_split_path(split_path);
+
     char postfix[32];
-    snprintf(postfix, 32, "-%05d-of-%05d.gguf", split_no + 1, split_count);
-    std::string str_postfix(postfix);
-
-    // check if split_prefix ends with postfix
-    int size_prefix = str_split_path.size() - str_postfix.size();
-    if (size_prefix > 0 && str_split_path.find(str_postfix, size_prefix) != std::string::npos) {
-        snprintf(split_prefix, std::min((size_t) size_prefix + 1, maxlen), "%s", split_path);
-        return size_prefix;
+    snprintf(postfix, sizeof(postfix), "-%05d-of-%05d.gguf", split_no + 1, split_count);
+
+    const std::string str_postfix(postfix);
+    if (str_split_path.size() <= str_postfix.size()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const size_t size_prefix = str_split_path.size() - str_postfix.size();
+
+    if (str_split_path.compare(size_prefix, std::string::npos, str_postfix) == 0) {
+        const size_t copy_len = std::min(size_prefix + 1, maxlen);
+        snprintf(split_prefix, copy_len, "%s", split_path);
+
+        return (int32_t) size_prefix;
     }
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/llama.h b/examples/talk-llama/llama.h
index b04720bee59..c6e102abe51 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/llama.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/llama.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
 #include "ggml-opt.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -64,59 +65,18 @@ extern "C" {
 
     typedef struct llama_memory_i * llama_memory_t;
 
-    struct llama_kv_cache; // DEPRECATED (use llama_memory instead)
-
     typedef int32_t llama_pos;
     typedef int32_t llama_token;
     typedef int32_t llama_seq_id;
 
     enum llama_vocab_type {
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_NONE = 0, // For models without vocab
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_SPM  = 1, // LLaMA tokenizer based on byte-level BPE with byte fallback
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_BPE  = 2, // GPT-2 tokenizer based on byte-level BPE
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_WPM  = 3, // BERT tokenizer based on WordPiece
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_UGM  = 4, // T5 tokenizer based on Unigram
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_RWKV = 5, // RWKV tokenizer based on greedy tokenization
-    };
-
-    // pre-tokenization types
-    enum llama_vocab_pre_type {
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEFAULT        = 0,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_LLAMA3         = 1,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK_LLM   = 2,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK_CODER = 3,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_FALCON         = 4,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MPT            = 5,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_STARCODER      = 6,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT2           = 7,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_REFACT         = 8,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_COMMAND_R      = 9,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_STABLELM2      = 10,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN2          = 11,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_OLMO           = 12,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DBRX           = 13,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SMAUG          = 14,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_PORO           = 15,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CHATGLM3       = 16,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CHATGLM4       = 17,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_VIKING         = 18,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS           = 19,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TEKKEN         = 20,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SMOLLM         = 21,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CODESHELL      = 22,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_BLOOM          = 23,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT3_FINNISH   = 24,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_EXAONE         = 25,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_CHAMELEON      = 26,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MINERVA        = 27,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK3_LLM  = 28,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT4O          = 29,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SUPERBPE       = 30,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TRILLION       = 31,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_BAILINGMOE     = 32,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_LLAMA4         = 33,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_PIXTRAL        = 34,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SEED_CODER     = 35,
+        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_NONE   = 0, // For models without vocab
+        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_SPM    = 1, // LLaMA tokenizer based on byte-level BPE with byte fallback
+        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_BPE    = 2, // GPT-2 tokenizer based on byte-level BPE
+        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_WPM    = 3, // BERT tokenizer based on WordPiece
+        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_UGM    = 4, // T5 tokenizer based on Unigram
+        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_RWKV   = 5, // RWKV tokenizer based on greedy tokenization
+        LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_PLAMO2 = 6, // PLaMo-2 tokenizer based on Aho-Corasick with dynamic programming
     };
 
     enum llama_rope_type {
@@ -124,6 +84,7 @@ extern "C" {
         LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NORM   = 0,
         LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX   = GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX,
         LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE  = GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE,
+        LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE = GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE,
         LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_VISION = GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION,
     };
 
@@ -191,6 +152,8 @@ extern "C" {
         //LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0_8_8      = 35, // removed from gguf files, use Q4_0 and runtime repack
         LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ1_0         = 36, // except 1d tensors
         LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_TQ2_0         = 37, // except 1d tensors
+        LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4_MOE     = 38, // except 1d tensors
+        LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4         = 39, // except 1d tensors
 
         LLAMA_FTYPE_GUESSED = 1024, // not specified in the model file
     };
@@ -219,6 +182,14 @@ extern "C" {
         LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_NON_CAUSAL  = 1,
     };
 
+    enum llama_flash_attn_type {
+        LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO     = -1,
+        LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED = 0,
+        LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_ENABLED  = 1,
+    };
+
+    LLAMA_API const char * llama_flash_attn_type_name(enum llama_flash_attn_type flash_attn_type);
+
     enum llama_split_mode {
         LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_NONE  = 0, // single GPU
         LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER = 1, // split layers and KV across GPUs
@@ -238,7 +209,7 @@ extern "C" {
         llama_token_data * data;
         size_t size;
         int64_t selected; // this is the index in the data array (i.e. not the token id)
-        bool sorted;
+        bool sorted;      // note: do not assume the data is sorted - always check this flag
     } llama_token_data_array;
 
     typedef bool (*llama_progress_callback)(float progress, void * user_data);
@@ -277,6 +248,21 @@ extern "C" {
         LLAMA_KV_OVERRIDE_TYPE_STR,
     };
 
+    enum llama_model_meta_key {
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_SEQUENCE,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_TOP_K,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_TOP_P,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIN_P,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_XTC_PROBABILITY,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_XTC_THRESHOLD,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_TEMP,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_PENALTY_LAST_N,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_PENALTY_REPEAT,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_TAU,
+        LLAMA_MODEL_META_KEY_SAMPLING_MIROSTAT_ETA,
+    };
+
     struct llama_model_kv_override {
         enum llama_model_kv_override_type tag;
 
@@ -302,7 +288,7 @@ extern "C" {
         // NULL-terminated list of buffer types to use for tensors that match a pattern
         const struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides;
 
-        int32_t n_gpu_layers; // number of layers to store in VRAM
+        int32_t n_gpu_layers; // number of layers to store in VRAM, a negative value means all layers
         enum llama_split_mode split_mode; // how to split the model across multiple GPUs
 
         // the GPU that is used for the entire model when split_mode is LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_NONE
@@ -323,10 +309,19 @@ extern "C" {
         const struct llama_model_kv_override * kv_overrides;
 
         // Keep the booleans together to avoid misalignment during copy-by-value.
-        bool vocab_only;    // only load the vocabulary, no weights
-        bool use_mmap;      // use mmap if possible
-        bool use_mlock;     // force system to keep model in RAM
-        bool check_tensors; // validate model tensor data
+        bool vocab_only;      // only load the vocabulary, no weights
+        bool use_mmap;        // use mmap if possible
+        bool use_direct_io;   // use direct io, takes precedence over use_mmap when supported
+        bool use_mlock;       // force system to keep model in RAM
+        bool check_tensors;   // validate model tensor data
+        bool use_extra_bufts; // use extra buffer types (used for weight repacking)
+        bool no_host;         // bypass host buffer allowing extra buffers to be used
+        bool no_alloc;        // only load metadata and simulate memory allocations
+    };
+
+    struct llama_sampler_seq_config {
+        llama_seq_id           seq_id;
+        struct llama_sampler * sampler;
     };
 
     // NOTE: changing the default values of parameters marked as [EXPERIMENTAL] may cause crashes or incorrect results in certain configurations
@@ -342,6 +337,7 @@ extern "C" {
         enum llama_rope_scaling_type rope_scaling_type; // RoPE scaling type, from `enum llama_rope_scaling_type`
         enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type;      // whether to pool (sum) embedding results by sequence id
         enum llama_attention_type    attention_type;    // attention type to use for embeddings
+        enum llama_flash_attn_type   flash_attn_type;   // when to enable Flash Attention
 
         // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/2054
         float    rope_freq_base;   // RoPE base frequency, 0 = from model
@@ -351,7 +347,7 @@ extern "C" {
         float    yarn_beta_fast;   // YaRN low correction dim
         float    yarn_beta_slow;   // YaRN high correction dim
         uint32_t yarn_orig_ctx;    // YaRN original context size
-        float    defrag_thold;     // defragment the KV cache if holes/size > thold, <= 0 disabled (default)
+        float    defrag_thold;     // [DEPRECATED] defragment the KV cache if holes/size > thold, <= 0 disabled (default)
 
         ggml_backend_sched_eval_callback cb_eval;
         void * cb_eval_user_data;
@@ -368,12 +364,20 @@ extern "C" {
         // Keep the booleans together and at the end of the struct to avoid misalignment during copy-by-value.
         bool embeddings;  // if true, extract embeddings (together with logits)
         bool offload_kqv; // offload the KQV ops (including the KV cache) to GPU
-        bool flash_attn;  // use flash attention [EXPERIMENTAL]
         bool no_perf;     // measure performance timings
         bool op_offload;  // offload host tensor operations to device
         bool swa_full;    // use full-size SWA cache (https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13194#issuecomment-2868343055)
                           // NOTE: setting to false when n_seq_max > 1 can cause bad performance in some cases
                           //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13845#issuecomment-2924800573
+        bool kv_unified;  // use a unified buffer across the input sequences when computing the attention
+                          // try to disable when n_seq_max > 1 for improved performance when the sequences do not share a large prefix
+                          // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14363
+
+        // [EXPERIMENTAL]
+        // backend sampler chain configuration (make sure the caller keeps the sampler chains alive)
+        // note: the samplers must be sampler chains (i.e. use llama_sampler_chain_init)
+        struct llama_sampler_seq_config * samplers;
+        size_t                            n_samplers;
     };
 
     // model quantization parameters
@@ -387,9 +391,11 @@ extern "C" {
         bool only_copy;                       // only copy tensors - ftype, allow_requantize and quantize_output_tensor are ignored
         bool pure;                            // quantize all tensors to the default type
         bool keep_split;                      // quantize to the same number of shards
+        bool dry_run;                         // calculate and show the final quantization size without performing quantization
         void * imatrix;                       // pointer to importance matrix data
         void * kv_overrides;                  // pointer to vector containing overrides
         void * tensor_types;                  // pointer to vector containing tensor types
+        void * prune_layers;                  // pointer to vector containing layer indices to prune
     } llama_model_quantize_params;
 
     typedef struct llama_logit_bias {
@@ -436,19 +442,30 @@ extern "C" {
 
     LLAMA_API void llama_detach_threadpool(struct llama_context * ctx);
 
+    typedef void (*llama_model_set_tensor_data_t)(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * userdata);
+
+    // Create a new model from GGUF metadata as well as a function to set the tensor data
+    //   - tensors are created as GGML_TYPE_F32 by default,
+    //     override by adding a tensor with the same name but a different name to the context
+    LLAMA_API struct llama_model * llama_model_init_from_user(
+                    struct gguf_context * metadata,
+          llama_model_set_tensor_data_t   set_tensor_data,    // function to initialize tensor data with
+                                   void * set_tensor_data_ud, // userdata for function
+              struct llama_model_params   params);
+
     DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_file(
                              const char * path_model,
               struct llama_model_params   params),
             "use llama_model_load_from_file instead");
 
-    // Load the model from a file
+    // Load a model from a file
     // If the file is split into multiple parts, the file name must follow this pattern: <name>-%05d-of-%05d.gguf
     // If the split file name does not follow this pattern, use llama_model_load_from_splits
     LLAMA_API struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file(
                              const char * path_model,
               struct llama_model_params   params);
 
-    // Load the model from multiple splits (support custom naming scheme)
+    // Load a model from multiple splits (support custom naming scheme)
     // The paths must be in the correct order
     LLAMA_API struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_splits(
                              const char ** paths,
@@ -476,17 +493,43 @@ extern "C" {
     // Frees all allocated memory
     LLAMA_API void llama_free(struct llama_context * ctx);
 
+    enum llama_params_fit_status {
+        LLAMA_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0, // found allocations that are projected to fit
+        LLAMA_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_FAILURE = 1, // could not find allocations that are projected to fit
+        LLAMA_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_ERROR   = 2, // a hard error occurred, e.g. because no model could be found at the specified path
+    };
+
+    // fits mparams and cparams to free device memory (assumes system memory is unlimited)
+    //   - returns true if the parameters could be successfully modified to fit device memory
+    //   - this function is NOT thread safe because it modifies the global llama logger state
+    //   - only parameters that have the same value as in llama_default_model_params are modified
+    //     with the exception of the context size which is modified if and only if equal to 0
+    LLAMA_API enum llama_params_fit_status llama_params_fit(
+                                   const char   * path_model,
+                    struct llama_model_params   * mparams,
+                    struct llama_context_params * cparams,
+                                          float * tensor_split,          // writable buffer for tensor split, needs at least llama_max_devices elements
+        struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides, // writable buffer for overrides, needs at least llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides elements
+                                         size_t * margins,               // margins of memory to leave per device in bytes
+                                       uint32_t   n_ctx_min,             // minimum context size to set when trying to reduce memory use
+                            enum ggml_log_level   log_level);            // minimum log level to print during fitting, lower levels go to debug log
+
     LLAMA_API int64_t llama_time_us(void);
 
     LLAMA_API size_t llama_max_devices(void);
     LLAMA_API size_t llama_max_parallel_sequences(void);
+    LLAMA_API size_t llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides(void);
 
     LLAMA_API bool llama_supports_mmap       (void);
     LLAMA_API bool llama_supports_mlock      (void);
     LLAMA_API bool llama_supports_gpu_offload(void);
     LLAMA_API bool llama_supports_rpc        (void);
 
+    // NOTE: After creating a llama_context, it is recommended to query the actual values using these functions
+    //       In some cases the requested values via llama_context_params may differ from the actual values used by the context
+    //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17046#discussion_r2503085732
     LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_n_ctx      (const struct llama_context * ctx);
+    LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_n_ctx_seq  (const struct llama_context * ctx);
     LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_n_batch    (const struct llama_context * ctx);
     LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_n_ubatch   (const struct llama_context * ctx);
     LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_n_seq_max  (const struct llama_context * ctx);
@@ -502,13 +545,13 @@ extern "C" {
     LLAMA_API           llama_memory_t   llama_get_memory  (const struct llama_context * ctx);
     LLAMA_API  enum llama_pooling_type   llama_pooling_type(const struct llama_context * ctx); // TODO: rename to llama_get_pooling_type
 
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API struct llama_kv_cache * llama_get_kv_self(struct llama_context * ctx), "use llama_get_memory instead");
-
     LLAMA_API const struct llama_vocab * llama_model_get_vocab(const struct llama_model * model);
     LLAMA_API enum llama_rope_type       llama_model_rope_type(const struct llama_model * model);
 
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_n_ctx_train(const struct llama_model * model);
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_n_embd     (const struct llama_model * model);
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_n_embd_inp (const struct llama_model * model);
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_n_embd_out (const struct llama_model * model);
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_n_layer    (const struct llama_model * model);
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_n_head     (const struct llama_model * model);
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_n_head_kv  (const struct llama_model * model);
@@ -540,6 +583,9 @@ extern "C" {
     // Get the number of metadata key/value pairs
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_meta_count(const struct llama_model * model);
 
+    // Get sampling metadata key name. Returns nullptr if the key is invalid
+    LLAMA_API const char * llama_model_meta_key_str(enum llama_model_meta_key key);
+
     // Get metadata key name by index
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_meta_key_by_index(const struct llama_model * model, int32_t i, char * buf, size_t buf_size);
 
@@ -572,6 +618,12 @@ extern "C" {
     // Returns true if the model is recurrent (like Mamba, RWKV, etc.)
     LLAMA_API bool llama_model_is_recurrent(const struct llama_model * model);
 
+    // Returns true if the model is hybrid (like Jamba, Granite, etc.)
+    LLAMA_API bool llama_model_is_hybrid(const struct llama_model * model);
+
+    // Returns true if the model is diffusion-based (like LLaDA, Dream, etc.)
+    LLAMA_API bool llama_model_is_diffusion(const struct llama_model * model);
+
     // Returns 0 on success
     LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_model_quantize(
             const char * fname_inp,
@@ -583,31 +635,47 @@ extern "C" {
     //
 
     // Load a LoRA adapter from file
+    // The adapter is valid as long as the associated model is not freed
+    // All adapters must be loaded before context creation
     LLAMA_API struct llama_adapter_lora * llama_adapter_lora_init(
             struct llama_model * model,
             const char * path_lora);
 
+    // Functions to access the adapter's GGUF metadata scalar values
+    // - The functions return the length of the string on success, or -1 on failure
+    // - The output string is always null-terminated and cleared on failure
+    // - When retrieving a string, an extra byte must be allocated to account for the null terminator
+    // - GGUF array values are not supported by these functions
+
+    // Get metadata value as a string by key name
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_adapter_meta_val_str(const struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter, const char * key, char * buf, size_t buf_size);
+
+    // Get the number of metadata key/value pairs
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_adapter_meta_count(const struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter);
+
+    // Get metadata key name by index
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_adapter_meta_key_by_index(const struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter, int32_t i, char * buf, size_t buf_size);
+
+    // Get metadata value as a string by index
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_adapter_meta_val_str_by_index(const struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter, int32_t i, char * buf, size_t buf_size);
+
     // Manually free a LoRA adapter
-    // Note: loaded adapters will be free when the associated model is deleted
-    LLAMA_API void llama_adapter_lora_free(struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter);
+    // NOTE: loaded adapters will be free when the associated model is deleted
+    LLAMA_API DEPRECATED(void llama_adapter_lora_free(struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter),
+            "adapters are now freed together with the associated model");
 
-    // The following functions operate on a llama_context, hence the naming: llama_verb_...
+    // Get the invocation tokens if the current lora is an alora
+    LLAMA_API uint64_t            llama_adapter_get_alora_n_invocation_tokens(const struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter);
+    LLAMA_API const llama_token * llama_adapter_get_alora_invocation_tokens  (const struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter);
 
-    // Add a loaded LoRA adapter to given context
-    // This will not modify model's weight
-    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_set_adapter_lora(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-            struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter,
-            float scale);
+    // The following functions operate on a llama_context, hence the naming: llama_verb_...
 
-    // Remove a specific LoRA adapter from given context
-    // Return -1 if the adapter is not present in the context
-    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_rm_adapter_lora(
+    // Set LoRa adapters on the context. Will only modify if the adapters currently in context are different.
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_set_adapters_lora(
             struct llama_context * ctx,
-            struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter);
-
-    // Remove all LoRA adapters from given context
-    LLAMA_API void llama_clear_adapter_lora(struct llama_context * ctx);
+            struct llama_adapter_lora ** adapters,
+            size_t n_adapters,
+            float * scales);
 
     // Apply a loaded control vector to a llama_context, or if data is NULL, clear
     // the currently loaded vector.
@@ -615,7 +683,7 @@ extern "C" {
     // to an n_embd x n_layers buffer starting from layer 1.
     // il_start and il_end are the layer range the vector should apply to (both inclusive)
     // See llama_control_vector_load in common to load a control vector.
-    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_apply_adapter_cvec(
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_set_adapter_cvec(
             struct llama_context * ctx,
                      const float * data,
                           size_t   len,
@@ -697,111 +765,6 @@ extern "C" {
     // Check if the memory supports shifting
     LLAMA_API bool llama_memory_can_shift(llama_memory_t mem);
 
-    //
-    // KV cache for self-attention (TODO: deprecate in favor of llama_memory)
-    //
-
-    // Returns the number of tokens in the KV cache (slow, use only for debug)
-    // If a KV cell has multiple sequences assigned to it, it will be counted multiple times
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API int32_t llama_kv_self_n_tokens(const struct llama_context * ctx),
-               "Use llama_kv_self_seq_pos_max() and llama_kv_self_seq_pos_min() instead (https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/13793)");
-
-    // Returns the number of used KV cells (i.e. have at least one sequence assigned to them)
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API int32_t llama_kv_self_used_cells(const struct llama_context * ctx),
-               "Use llama_kv_self_seq_pos_max() and llama_kv_self_seq_pos_min() instead (https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/13793)");
-
-    // Clear the KV cache - both cell info is erased and KV data is zeroed
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_clear(
-                struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "Use llama_memory_clear() instead");
-
-    // Removes all tokens that belong to the specified sequence and have positions in [p0, p1)
-    // Returns false if a partial sequence cannot be removed. Removing a whole sequence never fails
-    // seq_id < 0 : match any sequence
-    // p0 < 0     : [0,  p1]
-    // p1 < 0     : [p0, inf)
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_self_seq_rm(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1),
-            "Use llama_memory_seq_rm() instead");
-
-    // Copy all tokens that belong to the specified sequence to another sequence
-    // Note that this does not allocate extra KV cache memory - it simply assigns the tokens to the new sequence
-    // p0 < 0 : [0,  p1]
-    // p1 < 0 : [p0, inf)
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_seq_cp(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id_src,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id_dst,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1),
-            "Use llama_memory_seq_cp() instead");
-
-    // Removes all tokens that do not belong to the specified sequence
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_seq_keep(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id),
-            "Use llama_memory_seq_keep() instead");
-
-    // Adds relative position "delta" to all tokens that belong to the specified sequence and have positions in [p0, p1)
-    // If the KV cache is RoPEd, the KV data is updated accordingly:
-    //   - lazily on next llama_decode()
-    // p0 < 0 : [0,  p1]
-    // p1 < 0 : [p0, inf)
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_seq_add(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1,
-                       llama_pos   delta),
-            "Use llama_memory_seq_add() instead");
-
-    // Integer division of the positions by factor of `d > 1`
-    // If the KV cache is RoPEd, the KV data is updated accordingly:
-    //   - lazily on next llama_decode()
-    // p0 < 0 : [0,  p1]
-    // p1 < 0 : [p0, inf)
-    DEPRECATED(void llama_kv_self_seq_div(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1,
-                             int   d),
-            "Use llama_memory_seq_div() instead");
-
-    // Returns the smallest position present in the KV cache for the specified sequence
-    // This is typically non-zero only for SWA caches
-    // Note that all positions in the range [pos_min, pos_max] are guaranteed to be present in the KV cache
-    // Return -1 if the sequence is empty
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API llama_pos llama_kv_self_seq_pos_min(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id),
-            "Use llama_memory_seq_pos_min() instead");
-
-    // Returns the largest position present in the KV cache for the specified sequence
-    // Note that all positions in the range [pos_min, pos_max] are guaranteed to be present in the KV cache
-    // Return -1 if the sequence is empty
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API llama_pos llama_kv_self_seq_pos_max(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id),
-            "Use llama_memory_seq_pos_max() instead");
-
-    // Defragment the KV cache
-    // This will be applied:
-    //   - lazily on next llama_decode()
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_defrag(struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "simply remove this call, the context will automatically decide when to do a defragmentation based on 'defrag_thold'");
-
-    // Check if the context supports KV cache shifting
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_self_can_shift(const struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "use llama_memory_can_shift() instead");
-
-    // Apply the KV cache updates (such as K-shifts, defragmentation, etc.)
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_update(struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "simply remove this call, updates are applied lazily on the next llama_decode()");
-
     //
     // State / sessions
     //
@@ -900,6 +863,33 @@ extern "C" {
                           size_t   n_token_capacity,
                           size_t * n_token_count_out);
 
+// for backwards-compat
+#define LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_SWA_ONLY 1
+
+// work only with partial states, such as SWA KV cache or recurrent cache (e.g. Mamba)
+#define LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY 1
+
+    typedef uint32_t llama_state_seq_flags;
+
+    LLAMA_API size_t llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(
+            struct llama_context * ctx,
+                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
+           llama_state_seq_flags   flags);
+
+    LLAMA_API size_t llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(
+            struct llama_context * ctx,
+                         uint8_t * dst,
+                          size_t   size,
+                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
+           llama_state_seq_flags   flags);
+
+    LLAMA_API size_t llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(
+            struct llama_context * ctx,
+                   const uint8_t * src,
+                          size_t   size,
+                    llama_seq_id   dest_seq_id,
+           llama_state_seq_flags   flags);
+
     //
     // Decoding
     //
@@ -943,12 +933,14 @@ extern "C" {
     // Requires the context to have a memory.
     // For encode-decoder contexts, processes the batch using the decoder.
     // Positive return values does not mean a fatal error, but rather a warning.
-    // Upon non-zero return values, the memory state is restored to the state before this call
+    // Upon fatal-error or abort, the ubatches that managed to be been processed will remain in the memory state of the context
+    //   To handle this correctly, query the memory state using llama_memory_seq_pos_min() and llama_memory_seq_pos_max()
+    // Upon other return values, the memory state is restored to the state before this call
     //    0 - success
     //    1 - could not find a KV slot for the batch (try reducing the size of the batch or increase the context)
-    //    2 - aborted
+    //    2 - aborted     (processed ubatches will remain in the context's memory)
     //   -1 - invalid input batch
-    // < -1 - error
+    // < -1 - fatal error (processed ubatches will remain in the context's memory)
     LLAMA_API int32_t llama_decode(
             struct llama_context * ctx,
               struct llama_batch   batch);
@@ -989,11 +981,12 @@ extern "C" {
     // in the order they have appeared in the batch.
     // Rows: number of tokens for which llama_batch.logits[i] != 0
     // Cols: n_vocab
+    // TODO: deprecate in favor of llama_get_logits_ith() (ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14853#issuecomment-3113143522)
     LLAMA_API float * llama_get_logits(struct llama_context * ctx);
 
     // Logits for the ith token. For positive indices, Equivalent to:
     // llama_get_logits(ctx) + ctx->output_ids[i]*n_vocab
-    // Negative indicies can be used to access logits in reverse order, -1 is the last logit.
+    // Negative indices can be used to access logits in reverse order, -1 is the last logit.
     // returns NULL for invalid ids.
     LLAMA_API float * llama_get_logits_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
 
@@ -1003,11 +996,12 @@ extern "C" {
     // in the order they have appeared in the batch.
     // shape: [n_outputs*n_embd]
     // Otherwise, returns NULL.
+    // TODO: deprecate in favor of llama_get_embeddings_ith() (ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14853#issuecomment-3113143522)
     LLAMA_API float * llama_get_embeddings(struct llama_context * ctx);
 
     // Get the embeddings for the ith token. For positive indices, Equivalent to:
     // llama_get_embeddings(ctx) + ctx->output_ids[i]*n_embd
-    // Negative indicies can be used to access embeddings in reverse order, -1 is the last embedding.
+    // Negative indices can be used to access embeddings in reverse order, -1 is the last embedding.
     // shape: [n_embd] (1-dimensional)
     // returns NULL for invalid ids.
     LLAMA_API float * llama_get_embeddings_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
@@ -1018,6 +1012,32 @@ extern "C" {
     // otherwise: float[n_embd] (1-dimensional)
     LLAMA_API float * llama_get_embeddings_seq(struct llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id);
 
+    //
+    // backend sampling API [EXPERIMENTAL]
+    // note: use only if the llama_context was created with at least one llama_sampler_seq_config
+    //
+
+    // Get the backend sampled token for the ith token.
+    // Returns LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL if no token was sampled.
+    LLAMA_API llama_token llama_get_sampled_token_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
+
+    // Get the backend sampled probabilities for the ith token
+    // The index matches llama_get_sampled_token_ith().
+    // Returns NULL if no probabilities were generated.
+    LLAMA_API float *  llama_get_sampled_probs_ith      (struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
+    LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_get_sampled_probs_count_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
+
+    // Get the backend sampled logits for the ith token
+    // Returns NULL if no logits were sampled.
+    LLAMA_API float *  llama_get_sampled_logits_ith      (struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
+    LLAMA_API uint32_t llama_get_sampled_logits_count_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
+
+    // Get the backend sampled candidates (token ids) for the ith token
+    // These are needed to map probability/logit indices to vocab token ids.
+    // Returns NULL if no candidates were sampled.
+    LLAMA_API llama_token * llama_get_sampled_candidates_ith      (struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
+    LLAMA_API uint32_t      llama_get_sampled_candidates_count_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i);
+
     //
     // Vocab
     //
@@ -1041,6 +1061,7 @@ extern "C" {
     LLAMA_API llama_token llama_vocab_sep(const struct llama_vocab * vocab); // sentence separator
     LLAMA_API llama_token llama_vocab_nl (const struct llama_vocab * vocab); // next-line
     LLAMA_API llama_token llama_vocab_pad(const struct llama_vocab * vocab); // padding
+    LLAMA_API llama_token llama_vocab_mask(const struct llama_vocab * vocab); // mask
 
     LLAMA_API bool llama_vocab_get_add_bos(const struct llama_vocab * vocab);
     LLAMA_API bool llama_vocab_get_add_eos(const struct llama_vocab * vocab);
@@ -1134,9 +1155,9 @@ extern "C" {
     //
 
     /// Apply chat template. Inspired by hf apply_chat_template() on python.
-    /// Both "model" and "custom_template" are optional, but at least one is required. "custom_template" has higher precedence than "model"
+    ///
     /// NOTE: This function does not use a jinja parser. It only support a pre-defined list of template. See more: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/wiki/Templates-supported-by-llama_chat_apply_template
-    /// @param tmpl A Jinja template to use for this chat. If this is nullptr, the model’s default chat template will be used instead.
+    /// @param tmpl A Jinja template to use for this chat.
     /// @param chat Pointer to a list of multiple llama_chat_message
     /// @param n_msg Number of llama_chat_message in this chat
     /// @param add_ass Whether to end the prompt with the token(s) that indicate the start of an assistant message.
@@ -1183,18 +1204,21 @@ extern "C" {
     //        // sample from the logits of the last token in the batch
     //        const llama_token id = llama_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx, -1);
     //
-    //        // accepting the token updates the internal state of certain samplers (e.g. grammar, repetition, etc.)
-    //        llama_sampler_accept(smpl, id);
     //        ...
     //    }
     //
     //    llama_sampler_free(smpl);
     //
-    // TODO: In the future, llama_sampler will be utilized to offload the sampling to the backends (e.g. GPU).
-    //
 
     typedef void * llama_sampler_context_t;
 
+    struct llama_sampler_data {
+        struct ggml_tensor * logits;
+        struct ggml_tensor * probs;
+        struct ggml_tensor * sampled;
+        struct ggml_tensor * candidates;
+    };
+
     // user code can implement the interface below in order to create custom llama_sampler
     struct llama_sampler_i {
         const char *           (*name)  (const struct llama_sampler * smpl);                                 // can be NULL
@@ -1204,17 +1228,44 @@ extern "C" {
         struct llama_sampler * (*clone) (const struct llama_sampler * smpl);                                 // can be NULL if ctx is NULL
         void                   (*free)  (      struct llama_sampler * smpl);                                 // can be NULL if ctx is NULL
 
-        // TODO: API for internal libllama usage for appending the sampling to an existing ggml_cgraph
-        //void (*apply_ggml) (struct llama_sampler * smpl, ...);
+        // [EXPERIMENTAL]
+        // backend sampling interface:
+
+        // return true if the backend supports all ops needed by the sampler
+        // note: call once per sampler
+        bool (*backend_init)(struct llama_sampler * smpl, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
+
+        // call after .backend_apply()
+        void (*backend_accept)(
+                struct llama_sampler * smpl,
+                struct ggml_context  * ctx,
+                struct ggml_cgraph   * gf,
+                struct ggml_tensor   * selected_token);
+
+        // call after .backend_init()
+        void (*backend_apply)(
+                struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
+                struct ggml_context       * ctx,
+                struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
+                struct llama_sampler_data * data);
+
+        // called before graph execution to set inputs for the current ubatch
+        void (*backend_set_input)(struct llama_sampler * smpl);
     };
 
     struct llama_sampler {
-        const struct llama_sampler_i * iface;
-        llama_sampler_context_t        ctx;
+        struct llama_sampler_i * iface;
+
+        llama_sampler_context_t ctx;
     };
 
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL]
+    // attach a sampler to the context
+    // note: prefer initializing the context with llama_context_params.samplers when possible
+    LLAMA_API bool llama_set_sampler(struct llama_context * ctx, llama_seq_id seq_id, struct llama_sampler * smpl);
+
     // mirror of llama_sampler_i:
-    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init  (const struct llama_sampler_i * iface, llama_sampler_context_t ctx);
+    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init  (      struct llama_sampler_i * iface, llama_sampler_context_t ctx);
     LLAMA_API const char *           llama_sampler_name  (const struct llama_sampler * smpl);
     LLAMA_API void                   llama_sampler_accept(      struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token);
     LLAMA_API void                   llama_sampler_apply (      struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p);
@@ -1230,7 +1281,15 @@ extern "C" {
 
     // important: takes ownership of the sampler object and will free it when llama_sampler_free is called
     LLAMA_API void                   llama_sampler_chain_add(      struct llama_sampler * chain, struct llama_sampler * smpl);
-    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_get(const struct llama_sampler * chain, int32_t i);
+
+    // return NULL if:
+    //   - the sampler is NULL
+    //   - the sampler is not a llama_sampler_chain
+    //   - the index is out of bounds, unless i == -1
+    //   - if i == -1, returns the chain itself (can be used to check if the sampler is a chain)
+    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_get(      struct llama_sampler * chain, int32_t i);
+
+    // the total number of samplers in the chain
     LLAMA_API int                    llama_sampler_chain_n  (const struct llama_sampler * chain);
 
     // after removing a sampler, the chain will no longer own it, and it will not be freed when the chain is freed
@@ -1239,12 +1298,9 @@ extern "C" {
     // available samplers:
 
     LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_greedy(void);
-    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dist  (uint32_t seed);
 
-    /// @details Sorts candidate tokens by their logits in descending order and calculate probabilities based on logits.
-    /// NOTE: Avoid using on the full vocabulary as the sorting can become slow. For example, apply top-k or top-p sampling first.
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_softmax    (void),
-        "will be removed in the future (see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/9896#discussion_r1800920915)");
+    /// seed == LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED to use a random seed.
+    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dist(uint32_t seed);
 
     /// @details Top-K sampling described in academic paper "The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration" https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09751
     /// Setting k <= 0 makes this a noop
@@ -1294,7 +1350,7 @@ extern "C" {
                                float   tau,
                                float   eta);
 
-    /// @details Intializes a GBNF grammar, see grammars/README.md for details.
+    /// @details Initializes a GBNF grammar, see grammars/README.md for details.
     /// @param vocab The vocabulary that this grammar will be used with.
     /// @param grammar_str The production rules for the grammar, encoded as a string. Returns an empty grammar if empty. Returns NULL if parsing of grammar_str fails.
     /// @param grammar_root The name of the start symbol for the grammar.
@@ -1345,6 +1401,33 @@ extern "C" {
                           const char ** seq_breakers,
                               size_t    num_breakers);
 
+    /// adaptive-p: select tokens near a configurable target probability over time.
+    ///
+    /// the adaptive-p sampler transforms the token probability distribution to favor tokens
+    /// that fall near a user-configurable probability target.
+    ///
+    /// internally, the sampler maintains an exponential moving average of the *ORIGINAL*
+    /// probabilities of selected tokens at each sampling step. it uses this EMA to compute an
+    /// adapted target probability at each sampling step, thus maintaining the desired target
+    /// probability over time.
+    ///
+    /// adaptive-p selects a token ID rather than just mutating candidates, so it must be last
+    /// in the sampler chain (like mirostat, dist, greedy).
+    ///
+    /// only mild truncation before this sampler is recommended. we suggest applying min-p
+    /// before adaptive-p as the only other active sampler in the chain.
+    ///
+    /// @param target select tokens near this probability (valid range 0.0 to 1.0; negative = disabled)
+    /// @param decay  EMA decay for adaptation; history ≈ 1/(1-decay) tokens (valid range 0.0 - 0.99)
+    /// @param seed   RNG seed
+    ///
+    /// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17927
+    ///
+    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_adaptive_p(
+                               float   target,
+                               float   decay,
+                            uint32_t   seed);
+
     LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_logit_bias(
                              int32_t   n_vocab,
                              int32_t   n_logit_bias,
@@ -1398,40 +1481,44 @@ extern "C" {
     /// @details Build a split GGUF final path for this chunk.
     ///          llama_split_path(split_path, sizeof(split_path), "/models/ggml-model-q4_0", 2, 4) => split_path = "/models/ggml-model-q4_0-00002-of-00004.gguf"
     //  Returns the split_path length.
-    LLAMA_API int llama_split_path(char * split_path, size_t maxlen, const char * path_prefix, int split_no, int split_count);
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_split_path(char * split_path, size_t maxlen, const char * path_prefix, int32_t split_no, int32_t split_count);
 
     /// @details Extract the path prefix from the split_path if and only if the split_no and split_count match.
     ///          llama_split_prefix(split_prefix, 64, "/models/ggml-model-q4_0-00002-of-00004.gguf", 2, 4) => split_prefix = "/models/ggml-model-q4_0"
     //  Returns the split_prefix length.
-    LLAMA_API int llama_split_prefix(char * split_prefix, size_t maxlen, const char * split_path, int split_no, int split_count);
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_split_prefix(char * split_prefix, size_t maxlen, const char * split_path, int32_t split_no, int32_t split_count);
 
     // Print system information
     LLAMA_API const char * llama_print_system_info(void);
 
     // Set callback for all future logging events.
     // If this is not called, or NULL is supplied, everything is output on stderr.
-    LLAMA_API void llama_log_set(ggml_log_callback log_callback, void * user_data);
+    // The logger state is global so these functions are NOT thread safe.
+    LLAMA_API void llama_log_get(ggml_log_callback * log_callback, void ** user_data);
+    LLAMA_API void llama_log_set(ggml_log_callback   log_callback, void *  user_data);
 
     //
     // Performance utils
     //
-    // NOTE: Used by llama.cpp examples, avoid using in third-party apps. Instead, do your own performance measurements.
+    // NOTE: Used by llama.cpp examples/tools, avoid using in third-party apps. Instead, do your own performance measurements.
     //
 
     struct llama_perf_context_data {
-        double t_start_ms;
-        double t_load_ms;
-        double t_p_eval_ms;
-        double t_eval_ms;
-
-        int32_t n_p_eval;
-        int32_t n_eval;
+        // ms == milliseconds
+        double t_start_ms;  // absolute start time
+        double t_load_ms;   // time needed for loading the model
+        double t_p_eval_ms; // time needed for processing the prompt
+        double t_eval_ms;   // time needed for generating tokens
+
+        int32_t n_p_eval;   // number of prompt tokens
+        int32_t n_eval;     // number of generated tokens
+        int32_t n_reused;   // number of times a ggml compute graph had been reused
     };
 
     struct llama_perf_sampler_data {
-        double t_sample_ms;
+        double t_sample_ms; // time needed for sampling in ms
 
-        int32_t n_sample;
+        int32_t n_sample;   // number of sampled tokens
     };
 
     LLAMA_API struct llama_perf_context_data llama_perf_context      (const struct llama_context * ctx);
@@ -1443,6 +1530,9 @@ extern "C" {
     LLAMA_API void                           llama_perf_sampler_print(const struct llama_sampler * chain);
     LLAMA_API void                           llama_perf_sampler_reset(      struct llama_sampler * chain);
 
+    // print a breakdown of per-device memory use via LLAMA_LOG:
+    LLAMA_API void llama_memory_breakdown_print(const struct llama_context * ctx);
+
     //
     // training
     //
@@ -1461,6 +1551,8 @@ extern "C" {
 
         ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params get_opt_pars; // callback for calculating optimizer parameters
         void * get_opt_pars_ud;                     // userdata for calculating optimizer parameters
+
+        enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type optimizer_type;
     };
 
     LLAMA_API void llama_opt_init(struct llama_context * lctx, struct llama_model * model, struct llama_opt_params lopt_params);
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/afmoe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/afmoe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9aabe25c965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/afmoe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_afmoe::llm_build_afmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // MuP scaling: embeddings * sqrt(hidden_size)
+    // mup_enabled = true, hidden_size = 1024, scale = 32.0
+    inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, sqrtf(float(n_embd)));
+    cb(inpL, "inp_embd_scaled", -1);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    const float kq_scale = 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head));
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // This overlaps with SWA layers in current models, so get_rope_freq_base/scale may be superfluous
+        const bool use_rope = hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step > 0 &&
+                              (il + 1) % hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step != 0;
+
+        // dual attention normalization (pre)
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * attn_inp = cur;  // save input for gate computation
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            // compute gate from input
+            ggml_tensor * gate = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv_gate, attn_inp);
+            cb(gate, "attn_gate_proj", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            // Q/K normalization
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            if (use_rope) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_rope", il);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_rope", il);
+            }
+
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    NULL, NULL,  // wo will be applied after gating
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+
+            // attention gating: attn_out * sigmoid(gate) BEFORE o_proj
+            gate = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, gate);
+            cb(gate, "attn_gate_sig", il);
+            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, gate);
+            cb(cur, "attn_gated", il);
+
+            // now apply output projection
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur);
+            cb(cur, "attn_o_proj", il);
+        }
+
+        // dual attention normalization (post)
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // dual ffn normalization (pre)
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // MoE or dense FFN
+        if ((uint32_t)il >= hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+            // MoE layer with sigmoid routing, normalization, and scaling
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_norm,           // norm_w (route_norm=True)
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,          // w_scale (route_scale=2.826)
+                    (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                    il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // shared expert
+            if (hparams.n_expert_shared > 0) {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL,
+                        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            } else {
+                cur = moe_out;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // dense layer
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        // dual ffn normalization (post)
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/apertus.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/apertus.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d65614e466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/apertus.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+
+llm_build_apertus::llm_build_apertus(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos  = build_inp_pos();
+    auto *        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale =
+        hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_pos", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_pos", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur_pos", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network with xIELU activation
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            // Up projection
+            ggml_tensor * up = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_up, cur);
+            cb(up, "ffn_up", il);
+
+            float alpha_n_val = hparams.xielu_alpha_n[il];
+            float alpha_p_val = hparams.xielu_alpha_p[il];
+            float beta_val    = hparams.xielu_beta[il];
+            float eps_val     = hparams.xielu_eps[il];
+
+            // Apply xIELU activation
+            ggml_tensor * activated = ggml_xielu(ctx0, up, alpha_n_val, alpha_p_val, beta_val, eps_val);
+            cb(activated, "ffn_xielu", il);
+
+            // Down projection
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_down, activated);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_down", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/arcee.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/arcee.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20b9ffd49eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/arcee.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_arcee::llm_build_arcee(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        // ARCEE uses relu^2 instead of silu
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/arctic.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/arctic.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b712e08cbd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/arctic.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_arctic::llm_build_arctic(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(ffn_out, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        // MoE
+        cur = build_norm(inpSA,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm_exps, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm_exps", il);
+
+        cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_out);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/arwkv7.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/arwkv7.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..107a3bef8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/arwkv7.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_arwkv7::llm_build_arwkv7(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_build_rwkv7_base(model, params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd == hparams.n_embd_r());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ggml_tensor * v_first = nullptr;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
+
+    const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
+    const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+    const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
+        inpL = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, ubatch, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
+                ctx0,
+                token_shift,
+                ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0),
+                1
+                );
+
+        cur = build_rwkv7_time_mix(rs_inp, att_norm, x_prev, v_first, ubatch, il);
+
+        token_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(att_norm));
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur     = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur,     n_embd, n_tokens);
+        ffn_inp = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp, n_embd, n_tokens);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,     inp_out_ids);
+            ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/baichuan.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/baichuan.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..abd03cd0b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/baichuan.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_baichuan::llm_build_baichuan(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = model.type == LLM_TYPE_7B ? build_inp_pos() : nullptr;
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            switch (model.type) {
+                case LLM_TYPE_7B:
+                    Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                            );
+                    Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                            );
+                    break;
+                case LLM_TYPE_13B:
+                case LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/bailingmoe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/bailingmoe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25e3369c313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/bailingmoe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_bailingmoe::llm_build_bailingmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_rot, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_rot, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_rot, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_rot)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        // FFN shared expert
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/bailingmoe2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/bailingmoe2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42098624663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/bailingmoe2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_bailingmoe2::llm_build_bailingmoe2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    const int n_transformer_layers = n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_transformer_layers; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              cur->nb[1], 0 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_transformer_layers - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(sa_out, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        if (static_cast<uint32_t>(il) < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                    build_ffn(cur,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            }
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/bert.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/bert.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87331791418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/bert.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_bert::llm_build_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = nullptr;
+
+    if (model.arch != LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2) {
+        inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    }
+
+    // construct input embeddings (token, type, position)
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // token types are hardcoded to zero ("Sentence A")
+    if (model.type_embd) {
+        ggml_tensor * type_row0 = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.type_embd, n_embd, 0);
+        inpL                    = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, type_row0);
+    }
+    if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_BERT) {
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos), inpL);
+    }
+    cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
+
+    // embed layer norm
+    inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.tok_norm, model.tok_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_norm", -1);
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * cur = inpL;
+
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur;
+
+            // self-attention
+            if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
+                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+                if (model.layers[il].bqkv) {
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+                    cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+                }
+
+                Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float), cur->nb[1],
+                                    0 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+                Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                    cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+                Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                    cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+            } else {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur), model.layers[il].bq);
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur), model.layers[il].bk);
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur), model.layers[il].bv);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            }
+
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head * n_head, n_tokens);
+
+                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            }
+
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head * n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            }
+
+            // RoPE
+            if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE ||
+                model.arch == LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                     ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                     ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            }
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // re-add the layer input
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        // attention layer norm
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_out_norm, model.layers[il].attn_out_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+
+        if (model.layers[il].attn_norm_2 != nullptr) {
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);  // re-add the layer input
+            cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_norm_2, model.layers[il].attn_norm_2_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        if (hparams.moe_every_n_layers > 0 && il % hparams.moe_every_n_layers == 1) {
+            // MoE branch
+            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    hparams.n_expert, hparams.n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, false,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        } else if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_BERT || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE ||
+                   model.arch == LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V3) {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, model.layers[il].ffn_up_b, NULL,
+                    NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL, NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2) {
+            const bool up_contains_gate = !model.layers[il].ffn_gate && model.layers[il].ffn_up->ne[1] != hparams.n_ff();
+            auto type_op = up_contains_gate ? LLM_FFN_GEGLU : LLM_FFN_GELU;
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, model.layers[il].ffn_up_b, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL, NULL,
+                    type_op, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        // attentions bypass the intermediate layer
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        // output layer norm
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].layer_out_norm, model.layers[il].layer_out_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/bitnet.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/bitnet.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ccf5bc8e82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/bitnet.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_bitnet::llm_build_bitnet(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur, model.layers[il].wq_s);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+
+            // B1.K
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur, model.layers[il].wk_s);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            // B1.V
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur, model.layers[il].wv_s);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    NULL, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+
+            cur = build_norm(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_sub_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_sub_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur, model.layers[il].wo_s);
+            if (model.layers[il].bo) {
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bo);
+            }
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward forward
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_up_s,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_s,
+                NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_sub_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_sub_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_sub_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_down, cur, model.layers[il].ffn_down_s);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_down", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    // FIXME: do not use model.tok_embd directly, duplicate as model.output
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.tok_embd, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/bloom.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/bloom.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b1c19bb58a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/bloom.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_bloom::llm_build_bloom(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    inpL = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.tok_norm,
+            model.tok_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_norm", -1);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+            cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Add the input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FF
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/chameleon.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/chameleon.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f24105fa14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/chameleon.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include <float.h>
+
+llm_build_chameleon::llm_build_chameleon(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        if (hparams.swin_norm) {
+            cur = inpL;
+        } else {
+            cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        }
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
+                Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens,
+                        ggml_element_size(Qcur) * n_embd_head,
+                        ggml_element_size(Qcur) * n_embd_head * n_head,
+                        0);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_q_norm,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_q_norm_b,
+                        LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
+                Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens,
+                        ggml_element_size(Kcur) * n_embd_head,
+                        ggml_element_size(Kcur) * n_embd_head * n_head_kv,
+                        0);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_k_norm,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_k_norm_b,
+                        LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        if (hparams.swin_norm) {
+            cur = build_norm(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        if (!hparams.swin_norm) {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        if (hparams.swin_norm) {
+            cur = build_norm(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output_with_img_logits", -1);
+
+    // TODO: this suppresses the output of image tokens, which is required to enable text-only outputs.
+    // Needs to be removed once image outputs are supported.
+    int img_token_end_idx = 8196;
+    int img_token_start_idx = 4;
+    int num_img_tokens = img_token_end_idx - img_token_start_idx;
+    // creates 1d tensor of size num_img_tokens and values -FLT_MAX,
+    // which ensures that text token values are always at least larger than image token values
+    ggml_tensor * img_logits = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, num_img_tokens);
+    img_logits = ggml_clamp(ctx0, img_logits, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    cb(img_logits, "img_logits", -1);
+
+    cur = ggml_set_1d(ctx0, cur, img_logits, ggml_element_size(cur) * img_token_start_idx);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/chatglm.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/chatglm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5887ed22e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/chatglm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_chatglm::llm_build_chatglm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
+
+            if (model.layers[il].wqkv == nullptr) {
+                Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                }
+                Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                }
+                Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                }
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            } else {
+                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+                if (model.layers[il].bqkv) {
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+                    cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+                }
+                Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+                Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+                Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+            }
+
+            //printf("freq_base: %f freq_scale: %f ext_factor: %f attn_factor: %f\n", freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor);
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Add the input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FF
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        }
+
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(inpL, "l_out", il);
+    }
+
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/codeshell.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/codeshell.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8e13e143f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/codeshell.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_codeshell::llm_build_codeshell(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+            cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // add the input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FF
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/cogvlm.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/cogvlm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ef2b6e389b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/cogvlm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_cogvlm::llm_build_cogvlm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const float   kq_scale    = 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    // check ubatch to see if we have input tokens (text)
+    // or an input embedding vector (image)
+    bool is_text;
+    if (ubatch.token) {
+        is_text = true;
+    } else {
+        is_text = false;
+    }
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // get either the text or image weight tensors
+        ggml_tensor *wqkv, *wo;
+        ggml_tensor *ffn_gate, *ffn_down, *ffn_up;
+
+        if (is_text) {
+            wqkv     = model.layers[il].wqkv;
+            wo       = model.layers[il].wo;
+            ffn_gate = model.layers[il].ffn_gate;
+            ffn_down = model.layers[il].ffn_down;
+            ffn_up   = model.layers[il].ffn_up;
+        } else {
+            wqkv     = model.layers[il].visexp_attn_wqkv;
+            wo       = model.layers[il].visexp_attn_wo;
+            ffn_gate = model.layers[il].visexp_ffn_gate;
+            ffn_down = model.layers[il].visexp_ffn_down;
+            ffn_up   = model.layers[il].visexp_ffn_up;
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+        cur = build_norm(inpSA, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+
+        // build self attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * qkv = build_lora_mm(wqkv, cur);
+
+            // split qkv into Q, K, V along the first dimension
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur =
+                ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float), qkv->nb[1], 0);
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              qkv->nb[1], n_embd * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              qkv->nb[1], 2 * n_embd * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, n_embd_head, rope_type);
+            Kcur = ggml_rope(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, n_embd_head, rope_type);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                wo, nullptr,
+                Qcur, Kcur, Vcur,
+                nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/cohere2-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/cohere2-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c71a59ae7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/cohere2-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_cohere2_iswa::llm_build_cohere2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    const float f_logit_scale = hparams.f_logit_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const bool is_swa = hparams.is_swa(il);
+        // UNUSED:
+        // const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+        // const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for 128k context
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            if (is_swa) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+            }
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL    = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+            ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * attn_out = cur;
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        // add together residual + FFN + self-attention
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, attn_out);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    if (f_logit_scale) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, f_logit_scale);
+    }
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/command-r.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/command-r.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba1230f0419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/command-r.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+
+llm_build_command_r::llm_build_command_r(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    const float f_logit_scale = hparams.f_logit_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
+                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
+                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL    = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+            ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * attn_out = cur;
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        // add together residual + FFN + self-attention
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, attn_out);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    if (f_logit_scale) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, f_logit_scale);
+    }
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/dbrx.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/dbrx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73eb5cd24e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/dbrx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_dbrx::llm_build_dbrx(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
+
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, cur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv_clamped", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].attn_out_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_out_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/deci.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/deci.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac448bfcaa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/deci.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+
+llm_build_deci::llm_build_deci(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale =
+        hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA     = inpL;
+        const int64_t n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+        const int64_t n_head    = hparams.n_head(il);
+        const int64_t n_ff      = hparams.n_ff(il);
+
+        if (n_head == 0) {
+            // attention-free layer of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-51B
+            cur = inpL;
+        } else {
+            // norm
+            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        }
+        if (n_head > 0 && n_head_kv == 0) {
+            // "linear attention" of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-51B
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wo", il);
+        } else if (n_head > 0) {
+            // self-attention
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // FFN-free layer of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-Ultra-253B
+        if (n_ff == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // modified to support attention-free layer of Llama-3_1-Nemotron-51B
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
+        if (n_head > 0) {
+            ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+        }
+        // feed-forward network
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, model.layers[il].ffn_up_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/deepseek.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/deepseek.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3432359e03a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/deepseek.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_deepseek::llm_build_deepseek(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale =
+        hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        if ((uint32_t) il < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // FFN shared expert
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                    build_ffn(cur,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            }
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/deepseek2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/deepseek2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d437fe29e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/deepseek2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_deepseek2::llm_build_deepseek2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const bool is_mla = hparams.is_mla();
+
+    // note: these are the actual head sizes you get when treating as MHA or after "decompression" using wv_b for MLA
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_k = hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla();
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_v = hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla();
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = n_embd_head_k - n_embd_head_qk_rope;
+
+    const uint32_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
+
+    // We have to pre-scale kq_scale and attn_factor to make the YaRN RoPE work correctly.
+    // See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/7416 for detailed explanation.
+    // And also: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17945 [TAG_DEEPSEEK2_YARN_LOG_MUL_FIX]
+
+    // first cancel the adjustment from llama_hparams::yarn_attn_factor_adjust to get the original attn_factor
+    GGML_ASSERT(ext_factor >= 0.0f);
+    const float attn_factor_org = attn_factor * (1.0f + 0.1f * logf(1.0f / freq_scale));
+
+    // use the original attn_factor to pre-scale the kq_scale
+    const float mscale   = attn_factor_org * (1.0f + 0.1f * hparams.rope_yarn_log_mul * logf(1.0f / freq_scale));
+    const float kq_scale = 1.0f * mscale * mscale / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_k));
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // (optional) temperature tuning - used by mistral-large
+    ggml_tensor * inp_attn_scale = nullptr;
+    if (hparams.f_attn_temp_scale != 0.0f) {
+        inp_attn_scale = build_inp_attn_scale();
+    }
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn_kv = !is_mla ? build_attn_inp_kv() : nullptr;
+    auto * inp_attn_k  =  is_mla ? build_attn_inp_k()  : nullptr;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    int effective_n_layers = hparams.n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+    for (int il = 0; il < effective_n_layers; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * q = NULL;
+
+            const bool is_lite = model.layers[il].wq;
+
+            if (!is_lite) {
+                q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_a, cur);
+                cb(q, "q", il);
+
+                q = build_norm(q, model.layers[il].attn_q_a_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+                cb(q, "q", il);
+
+                q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_b, q);
+                cb(q, "q", il);
+            } else {
+                q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+                cb(q, "q", il);
+            }
+            // split into {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * q_nope =
+                ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens, ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k),
+                             ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k) * n_head, 0);
+            cb(q_nope, "q_nope", il);
+
+            // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * q_pe = ggml_view_3d(
+                ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens, ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k),
+                ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_k) * n_head, ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
+            cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * kv_cmpr_pe = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_a_mqa, cur);
+            cb(kv_cmpr_pe, "kv_cmpr_pe", il);
+
+            // split into {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * kv_cmpr =
+                ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_cmpr_pe, kv_lora_rank, n_tokens,
+                             ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope), 0);
+            cb(kv_cmpr, "kv_cmpr", il);
+
+            // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * k_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv_cmpr_pe, n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens,
+                                              ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope),
+                                              ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope),
+                                              ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank));
+            cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
+
+            q_pe = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, q_pe, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
+
+            k_pe = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, k_pe, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
+
+            kv_cmpr = build_norm(kv_cmpr, model.layers[il].attn_kv_a_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(kv_cmpr, "kv_cmpr", il);
+
+            if (is_mla) {
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens, n_head}
+                q_nope = ggml_permute(ctx0, q_nope, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+                cb(q_nope, "q_nope_perm", il);
+
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_nope, kv_lora_rank, n_head} x {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens, n_head}
+                ggml_tensor * q_nope_absorbed = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wk_b, q_nope);
+                cb(q_nope_absorbed, "q_nope_absorbed", il);
+
+                // {kv_lora_rank, n_head, n_tokens}
+                q_nope_absorbed = ggml_permute(ctx0, q_nope_absorbed, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+                cb(q_nope_absorbed, "q_nope_absorbed_perm", il);
+
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_rope + kv_lora_rank, n_head, n_tokens}
+                // note: rope must go first for in-place context shifting in build_rope_shift()
+                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_nope_absorbed, q_pe, 0);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+                kv_cmpr = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, kv_cmpr, kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens);
+                cb(kv_cmpr, "kv_cmpr_reshape", il);
+
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_rope + kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens}
+                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, kv_cmpr, k_pe, 0);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+                // {kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens}
+                ggml_tensor * Vcur = kv_cmpr;
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+                if (inp_attn_scale) {
+                    // apply llama 4 temperature scaling
+                    Qcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Qcur, inp_attn_scale);
+                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_attn_temp_scaled", il);
+                }
+
+                // note: MLA with the absorption optimization converts into MQA (ie: GQA with 1 group)
+                cur = build_attn(inp_attn_k,
+                        model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                        Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, model.layers[il].wv_b, kq_scale, il);
+            } else {
+                ggml_tensor * kv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_b, kv_cmpr);
+                cb(kv, "kv", il);
+
+                // split into {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens}
+                ggml_tensor * k_nope =
+                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                                 ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v),
+                                 ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v) * n_head, 0);
+                cb(k_nope, "k_nope_view", il);
+
+                // and {n_embd_head_v, n_head, n_tokens}
+                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_v, n_head, n_tokens,
+                                                  ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v),
+                                                  ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v) * n_head,
+                                                  ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur_view", il);
+
+                Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, Vcur);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur_cont", il);
+
+                ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_nope, q_pe, 0);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, k_nope, ggml_repeat(ctx0, k_pe, q_pe), 0);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+                if (inp_attn_scale) {
+                    // apply llama 4 temperature scaling
+                    Qcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Qcur, inp_attn_scale);
+                    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_attn_temp_scaled", il);
+                }
+
+                // note: MLA without the absorption optimization converts into MHA (ie: GQA with full n_head groups)
+                cur = build_attn(inp_attn_kv,
+                            model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                            Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            }
+        }
+        if (il == effective_n_layers - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        if ((uint32_t) il < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                il,
+                nullptr,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_up_exps);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // FFN shared expert
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                    build_ffn(cur,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            }
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/delta-net-base.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/delta-net-base.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6bc989c9509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/delta-net-base.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-impl.h"
+
+// utility to get one slice from the third dimension
+// input dim:  [x, y, c, b]
+// output dim: [x, y, 1, b]
+static ggml_tensor * get_slice_2d(ggml_context * ctx0, ggml_tensor * t, int64_t c) {
+    return ggml_view_4d(ctx0, t, t->ne[0], t->ne[1], 1, t->ne[3],
+        t->nb[1], t->nb[2], t->nb[3], t->nb[2] * c);
+}
+
+llm_build_delta_net_base::llm_build_delta_net_base(const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {}
+
+std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> llm_build_delta_net_base::build_delta_net_chunking(
+        ggml_tensor * q,
+        ggml_tensor * k,
+        ggml_tensor * v,
+        ggml_tensor * g,
+        ggml_tensor * b,
+        ggml_tensor * s,
+        int           il) {
+    const int64_t S_k      = q->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H_k      = q->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_tokens = q->ne[2];
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = q->ne[3];
+
+    const int64_t S_v = v->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H_v = v->ne[1];
+    const bool kda = (g->ne[0] == S_k && g->ne[1] == H_k);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(S_k == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(H_v % H_k == 0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(q->ne[0] == S_k && q->ne[1] == H_k && q->ne[2] == n_tokens && q->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(k->ne[0] == S_k && k->ne[1] == H_k && k->ne[2] == n_tokens && k->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(v->ne[0] == S_v && v->ne[1] == H_v && v->ne[2] == n_tokens && v->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(g->ne[0] == 1   || g->ne[0] == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(                   g->ne[1] == H_v && g->ne[2] == n_tokens && g->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[0] == 1   && b->ne[1] == H_v && b->ne[2] == n_tokens && b->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(s->ne[0] == S_v && s->ne[1] == S_v && s->ne[2] == H_v      && s->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(S_k);
+
+    q = ggml_scale(ctx0, q, scale);
+
+    cb(q, "q_in", il);
+    cb(k, "k_in", il);
+    cb(v, "v_in", il);
+    cb(b, "b_in", il);
+    cb(g, "g_in", il);
+
+    q = ggml_permute(ctx0, q, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [S_k, n_tokens, H_k, n_seqs]
+    k = ggml_permute(ctx0, k, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [S_k, n_tokens, H_k, n_seqs]
+    v = ggml_permute(ctx0, v, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [S_v, n_tokens, H_v, n_seqs]
+    g = ggml_permute(ctx0, g, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [g_0, n_tokens, H_v, n_seqs]
+    b = ggml_permute(ctx0, b, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [  1, n_tokens, H_v, n_seqs]
+
+    const int CS = kda ? 16 : 64; // chunk size
+
+    const int pad = (CS - n_tokens % CS) % CS;
+    const int n_chunks = (n_tokens + pad) / CS;
+
+    q = ggml_pad(ctx0, q, 0, pad, 0, 0);
+    k = ggml_pad(ctx0, k, 0, pad, 0, 0);
+    v = ggml_pad(ctx0, v, 0, pad, 0, 0);
+    g = ggml_pad(ctx0, g, 0, pad, 0, 0);
+    b = ggml_pad(ctx0, b, 0, pad, 0, 0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * v_b = ggml_mul(ctx0, v, b);
+    ggml_tensor * k_b = ggml_mul(ctx0, k, b);
+
+    cb(v_b, "v_b", il);
+    cb(k_b, "k_b", il);
+
+    q   = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, q,   S_k, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs);
+    k   = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, k,   S_k, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs);
+    k_b = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, k_b, S_k, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs);
+    v   = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, v,   S_v, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs);
+    v_b = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, v_b, S_v, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs);
+
+    g = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, g, g->ne[0], CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs);
+    b = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, b, 1,        CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs);
+
+    // [CS, g_0, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    // TODO: extend ggml_cumsum with axis parameter to avoid transpose
+    ggml_tensor * g_cs = ggml_cumsum(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, g)));
+    cb(g_cs, "g_cs", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * kb = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * kq = nullptr;
+    if (kda) {
+        const int64_t CHB = n_chunks * H_k * n_seqs;
+
+        ggml_tensor * g_cs_i = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, g_cs, CS, 1, S_k, CHB);  // [chunk_size, 1, S_k, CHB]
+        ggml_tensor * g_cs_j = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, g_cs, 1, CS, S_k, CHB);  // [1, chunk_size, S_k, CHB]
+
+        g_cs_j = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, g_cs_j, CS, CS, S_k, CHB);  // [1, chunk_size, S_k, CHB] -> [chunk_size, chunk_size, S_k, CHB]
+
+        // decay_mask [chunk_size,chunk_size,S_k,CHB]
+        ggml_tensor * decay_mask;
+        decay_mask = ggml_sub(ctx0, g_cs_j, g_cs_i);
+        decay_mask = ggml_tri(ctx0, decay_mask, GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG);
+        decay_mask = ggml_exp(ctx0, decay_mask);
+        cb(decay_mask, "decay_mask", il);
+
+        // decay_mask [S_k,BT_j,BT_i,CHB] *Note* second and third chunk_sizes are switched
+        decay_mask = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, decay_mask, 2, 1, 0, 3), S_k, CS, CS, CHB);
+
+        ggml_tensor * k_b_i = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, k_b, S_k, CS,  1, CHB);
+        ggml_tensor * k_j   = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, k,   S_k,  1, CS, CHB);
+        ggml_tensor * q_i   = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, q,   S_k, CS,  1, CHB);
+
+        ggml_tensor * decay_k_b_i = ggml_mul(ctx0, decay_mask, k_b_i);
+        ggml_tensor * decay_q_i   = ggml_mul(ctx0, decay_mask, q_i);
+
+        // decay_k_b_i [S,BT,BT,CHB] @ k_j [S,1,BT,CHB] = Akk [BT,1,BT,CHB]
+        kb = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, decay_k_b_i, k_j);
+        kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, decay_q_i,   k_j);
+
+        kb = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, kb, CS, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs)));
+        kq = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, kq, CS, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs)));
+    } else {
+        ggml_tensor * g_cs_i = g_cs;
+        ggml_tensor * g_cs_j = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, g_cs, 1, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs);
+
+        g_cs_j = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, g_cs_j, CS, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs);
+
+        // [CS, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * decay_mask;
+        decay_mask = ggml_sub(ctx0, g_cs_j, g_cs_i);
+        decay_mask = ggml_tri(ctx0, decay_mask, GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG);
+        decay_mask = ggml_exp(ctx0, decay_mask);
+        cb(decay_mask, "decay_mask", il);
+
+        // [CS, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs]
+        kb = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, k,  k_b);
+        kb = ggml_mul    (ctx0, kb, decay_mask);
+
+        // [CS, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs]
+        kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, k, q);
+        kq = ggml_mul(ctx0, kq, decay_mask);
+    }
+
+    kq = ggml_tri(ctx0, kq, GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG);
+    cb(kq, "kq", il);
+
+    // [CS, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * attn;
+    attn = ggml_tri(ctx0, kb, GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER);
+    cb(attn, "attn", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * identity;
+    identity = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, attn, CS, 0);
+    identity = ggml_fill   (ctx0, identity, 1.0f);
+    identity = ggml_diag   (ctx0, identity);
+
+    ggml_tensor * lhs = ggml_add(ctx0, attn, identity);
+    cb(lhs, "dnet_add_ch_lhs", il);
+
+    attn = ggml_neg(ctx0, attn);
+    cb(attn, "attn_pre_solve", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * lin_solve = ggml_solve_tri(ctx0, lhs, attn, true, true, false);
+    attn = ggml_add(ctx0, lin_solve, identity);
+    cb(attn, "dnet_add_ch_attn_solved", il); // [CS, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs]
+
+    // [S_v, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    v = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, v_b)), attn);
+
+    // [CS, 1, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs] KDA: [CS, S_k, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * g_exp = ggml_exp(ctx0, g_cs);
+
+    k_b = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, k_b));
+
+    // [CS, S_k, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * kbg = ggml_mul(ctx0, k_b, g_exp);
+    cb(kbg, "k_beta_g_exp", il);
+
+    // [S_k, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * k_cd = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, kbg, attn);
+    cb(k_cd, "k_cumdecay", il);
+
+    // [1, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs] KDA: [S_k, CS, n_chunks, H_k * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * g_exp_t = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, g_exp));
+    ggml_tensor * q_g_exp = ggml_mul(ctx0, q, g_exp_t);
+
+    // vectorized calculation of key_gdiff
+    // improved from the chunked version:
+    //   g_last = torch.clamp(g_cum[:, :, -1], max=50.0).exp().unsqueeze(-1).unsqueeze(-1)
+    //   g_diff = torch.clamp(g_cum[:, :, -1:] - g_cum, max=50.0).exp()
+    //   key_gdiff = key * g_diff.unsqueeze(-1)
+    //   kgdmulvnew = (key_gdiff).transpose(-1, -2) @ v_new
+    //   last_recurrent_state = last_recurrent_state * g_last + kgdmulvnew
+
+    // get last element in g_cumsum along CS dimension (ne0)
+    // example: [[x, y, z, ..., last], ...] -> [[last], ...]
+    // [1, 1, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs] KDA: [1, S_k, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * g_last = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, g_cs, 1, g_cs->ne[1], g_cs->ne[2], g_cs->ne[3],
+            g_cs->nb[1],
+            g_cs->nb[2],
+            g_cs->nb[3],
+            ggml_row_size(g_cs->type, g_cs->ne[0] - 1));
+    cb(g_last, "g_last", il);
+
+    // TODO: remove this cont when CUDA supports non-cont unary ops
+    g_last = ggml_cont(ctx0, g_last);
+
+    // [1, 1, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs] KDA: [S_k, 1, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * g_last_exp_t = ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_exp(ctx0, g_last));
+    cb(g_last_exp_t, "g_last_exp_t", il);
+
+    // [CS, 1, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs] KDA: [CS, S_k, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * g_diff = ggml_neg(ctx0, ggml_sub(ctx0, g_cs, g_last));
+    cb(g_diff, "g_diff", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * g_diff_exp_t = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_exp(ctx0, g_diff)));
+
+    // [S_k, CS, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * kg = ggml_mul(ctx0, k, g_diff_exp_t);
+    cb(kg, "key_gdiff", il);
+
+    // [CS, S_k, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * kg_t = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, kg));
+    cb(kg_t, "key_gdiff_t", il);
+
+    s = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, s, S_v, S_v, 1, H_v * n_seqs);
+    cb(s, "dnet_add_ch_state", il);
+
+    // [CS, S_v, n_chunks, H_v * n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * v_t = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, v));
+
+    for (int64_t chunk = 0; chunk < n_chunks; chunk++) {
+        ggml_tensor * ch_k_cd    = get_slice_2d(ctx0, k_cd,    chunk); // [S_k,  CS, 1, H_k * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * ch_v_t     = get_slice_2d(ctx0, v_t,     chunk); // [ CS, S_v, 1, H_v * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * ch_kq      = get_slice_2d(ctx0, kq,      chunk); // [ CS,  CS, 1, H_k * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * ch_q_g_exp = get_slice_2d(ctx0, q_g_exp, chunk); // [S_k,  CS, 1, H_k * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * ch_kg_t    = get_slice_2d(ctx0, kg_t,    chunk); // [ CS, S_k, 1, H_v * n_seqs]
+
+        // [CS, S_v, 1, H_v * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * v_t_p = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, ch_k_cd, s);
+        cb(v_t_p, "v_prime", il);
+
+        // [CS, S_v, 1, H_v * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * v_t_new = ggml_sub(ctx0, ch_v_t, v_t_p);
+        cb(v_t_new, "v_t_new", il);
+
+        // [S_v, CS, 1, H_v * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * v_attn = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, v_t_new, ch_kq);
+        cb(v_attn, "v_attn", il);
+
+        // [S_v, CS, 1, H_v * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * attn_inter = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, s, ch_q_g_exp);
+        cb(attn_inter, "attn_inter", il);
+
+        // [S_v, CS, 1, H_v * n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * o_ch = ggml_add(ctx0, attn_inter, v_attn);
+        cb(o_ch, "dnet_add_ch_attn_out", il);
+
+        v = ggml_set_inplace(ctx0, v, o_ch, v->nb[1], v->nb[2], v->nb[3], chunk * v->nb[2]);
+
+        // kgdmulvnew = (key_gdiff).transpose(-1, -2) @ v_new
+        // TODO: head broadcast might not work here - probably will need a transpose
+        ggml_tensor * kgv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, ch_kg_t, v_t_new); // [S_k, S_v, 1, H_k * n_seqs]
+
+        // last_recurrent_state = last_recurrent_state * g_last + kgdmulvnew
+        ggml_tensor * ch_g_last_exp_t = get_slice_2d(ctx0, g_last_exp_t, chunk);
+
+        s = ggml_mul(ctx0, s, ch_g_last_exp_t);
+        s = ggml_add(ctx0, s, kgv);
+        cb(s, "dnet_add_ch_state", il);
+    }
+
+    // truncate padded tokens
+    ggml_tensor * o = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, v,
+            S_v, n_tokens, H_v, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(v->type, S_v),
+            ggml_row_size(v->type, S_v * CS * n_chunks),
+            ggml_row_size(v->type, S_v * CS * n_chunks * H_v), 0);
+    o = ggml_permute  (ctx0, o, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [S_v, H_v, n_tokens, n_seqs]
+    s = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, s, S_v, S_v, H_v, n_seqs);
+    cb(s, "output_state", il);
+
+    return {o, s};
+}
+
+std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> llm_build_delta_net_base::build_delta_net_autoregressive(
+        ggml_tensor * q,
+        ggml_tensor * k,
+        ggml_tensor * v,
+        ggml_tensor * g,
+        ggml_tensor * b, // beta
+        ggml_tensor * s, // state
+        int           il) {
+    const int64_t S_k      = q->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H_k      = q->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_tokens = q->ne[2];
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = q->ne[3];
+
+    const int64_t S_v = v->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H_v = v->ne[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens == 1);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(S_k == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(H_v % H_k == 0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(q->ne[0] == S_k && q->ne[1] == H_k && q->ne[2] == n_tokens && q->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(k->ne[0] == S_k && k->ne[1] == H_k && k->ne[2] == n_tokens && k->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(v->ne[0] == S_v && v->ne[1] == H_v && v->ne[2] == n_tokens && v->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(g->ne[0] == 1   || g->ne[0] == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(                   g->ne[1] == H_v && g->ne[2] == n_tokens && g->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[0] == 1   && b->ne[1] == H_v && b->ne[2] == n_tokens && b->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(s->ne[0] == S_v && s->ne[1] == S_v && s->ne[2] == H_v      && s->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(S_k);
+
+    q = ggml_scale(ctx0, q, scale);
+
+    q = ggml_permute(ctx0, q, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [S_k, n_tokens, H_k, n_seqs]
+    k = ggml_permute(ctx0, k, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [S_k, n_tokens, H_k, n_seqs]
+    v = ggml_permute(ctx0, v, 0, 2, 1, 3); // [S_v, n_tokens, H_v, n_seqs]
+
+    cb(q, "q_in", il);
+    cb(k, "k_in", il);
+    cb(v, "v_in", il);
+    cb(b, "b_in", il);
+    cb(g, "g_in", il);
+
+    // GDA: [1,  1,  H_v, n_seqs]
+    // KDA: [1, S_k, H_v, n_seqs]
+    g = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, g, 1, g->ne[0], H_v, n_seqs);
+    b = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, b, 1,        1, H_v, n_seqs);
+
+    // [S_v, S_v, H_v, n_seqs]
+    g = ggml_exp(ctx0, g);
+    s = ggml_mul(ctx0, s, g);
+
+    // [1, S_v, H_v, n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * sk;
+    sk = ggml_mul     (ctx0, s, k);
+    sk = ggml_sum_rows(ctx0, sk);
+
+    // [S_v, 1, H_v, n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * d;
+    d = ggml_sub(ctx0, v, ggml_transpose(ctx0, sk));
+    d = ggml_mul(ctx0, d, b);
+
+    // [1, S_v, H_v, n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * d_t;
+    d_t = ggml_transpose(ctx0, d);
+
+    // [S_v, S_v, H_v, n_seqs]
+    ggml_tensor * kd;
+    k  = ggml_repeat(ctx0, k, s);
+    kd = ggml_mul   (ctx0, k, d_t);
+
+    s = ggml_add(ctx0, s, kd);
+
+    cb(s, "dnet_add_ar_state", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * s_q = ggml_mul     (ctx0, s, q);
+    ggml_tensor * o   = ggml_sum_rows(ctx0, s_q);
+
+    o = ggml_permute  (ctx0, o, 2, 0, 1, 3); // [S_v, H_v, n_tokens, n_seqs]
+
+    return {o, s};
+}
+
+std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> llm_build_delta_net_base::build_delta_net_fused(
+        ggml_tensor * q,
+        ggml_tensor * k,
+        ggml_tensor * v,
+        ggml_tensor * g,
+        ggml_tensor * b,
+        ggml_tensor * s,
+        int           il) {
+    const int64_t S_k      = q->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H_k      = q->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_tokens = q->ne[2];
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = q->ne[3];
+
+    const int64_t S_v = v->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H_v = v->ne[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(S_k == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(H_v % H_k == 0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(q->ne[0] == S_k && q->ne[1] == H_k && q->ne[2] == n_tokens && q->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(k->ne[0] == S_k && k->ne[1] == H_k && k->ne[2] == n_tokens && k->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(v->ne[0] == S_v && v->ne[1] == H_v && v->ne[2] == n_tokens && v->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(g->ne[0] == 1   || g->ne[0] == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(                   g->ne[1] == H_v && g->ne[2] == n_tokens && g->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[0] == 1   && b->ne[1] == H_v && b->ne[2] == n_tokens && b->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(s->ne[0] == S_v && s->ne[1] == S_v && s->ne[2] == H_v      && s->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+
+    ggml_tensor * result = ggml_gated_delta_net(ctx0, q, k, v, g, b, s);
+    if (n_tokens == 1) {
+        cb(result, LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_AR, il);
+    } else {
+        cb(result, LLAMA_TENSOR_NAME_FGDN_CH, il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * output = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, result,
+            S_v, H_v, n_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(result->type, S_v),
+            ggml_row_size(result->type, S_v * H_v),
+            ggml_row_size(result->type, S_v * H_v * n_tokens), 0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * new_state = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, result,
+            S_v, S_v, H_v, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(result->type, S_v),
+            ggml_row_size(result->type, S_v * S_v),
+            ggml_row_size(result->type, S_v * S_v * H_v),
+            ggml_row_size(result->type, S_v * H_v * n_tokens * n_seqs));
+
+    return {output, new_state};
+}
+
+std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> llm_build_delta_net_base::build_delta_net(
+        ggml_tensor * q,
+        ggml_tensor * k,
+        ggml_tensor * v,
+        ggml_tensor * g,
+        ggml_tensor * b,
+        ggml_tensor * s,
+        int           il) {
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = q->ne[2];
+
+    if (n_seq_tokens == 1) {
+        if (cparams.fused_gdn_ar) {
+            return build_delta_net_fused(q, k, v, g, b, s, il);
+        }
+        return build_delta_net_autoregressive(q, k, v, g, b, s, il);
+    }
+
+    if (cparams.fused_gdn_ch) {
+        return build_delta_net_fused(q, k, v, g, b, s, il);
+    }
+
+    return build_delta_net_chunking(q, k, v, g, b, s, il);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/dots1.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/dots1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07236dd27c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/dots1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_dots1::llm_build_dots1(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        if ((uint32_t) il < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                    build_ffn(cur,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            }
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/dream.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/dream.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4edc8530cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/dream.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+
+llm_build_dream::llm_build_dream(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    //copied from qwen2
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            Qcur               = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            Kcur               = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            Vcur               = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+            NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/ernie4-5-moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/ernie4-5-moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63baf152c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/ernie4-5-moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_ernie4_5_moe::llm_build_ernie4_5_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_moe_layer_step > 0 && "Ernie 4.5 MoE requires n_moe_layer_step > 0");
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+        // norm
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        }
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        bool is_moe_layer =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(il) >= hparams.n_layer_dense_lead && (il + 1) % hparams.n_moe_layer_step == 0;
+
+        if (!is_moe_layer) {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                                        model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                                        n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                                        LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                                        hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                                        LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                                        il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // Shared expert (if present)
+            if (hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0) {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                    build_ffn(cur,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+            } else {
+                cur = moe_out;
+            }
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/ernie4-5.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/ernie4-5.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d548de0547b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/ernie4-5.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_ernie4_5::llm_build_ernie4_5(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        }
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1) {
+            // skip computing output for unused tokens
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/eurobert.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/eurobert.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8628d165d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/eurobert.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_eurobert::llm_build_eurobert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * cur = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur;
+
+            Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone-moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone-moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea75701c528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone-moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_exaone_moe::llm_build_exaone_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_v());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn_iswa = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    const int n_transformer_layers = n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_transformer_layers; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // use RoPE for SWA layers
+        const bool is_local_layer = hparams.is_swa(il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            if (is_local_layer) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base,
+                                     freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base,
+                                     freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            }
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn_iswa,
+                model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_transformer_layers - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+            // dense branch
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // FFN shared expert
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                    build_ffn(cur,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            }
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // final norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d4eea58e2f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+
+llm_build_exaone::llm_build_exaone(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone4.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..755af3b747b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/exaone4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+template <bool iswa>
+llm_build_exaone4<iswa>::llm_build_exaone4(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_v());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    using inp_attn_type      = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+    inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
+
+    if constexpr (iswa) {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    } else {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // use RoPE for SWA layers or non-SWA models
+        const bool use_rope = hparams.is_swa(il) || hparams.swa_type == LLAMA_SWA_TYPE_NONE;
+
+        cur = inpL;
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            if (use_rope) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base,
+                                     freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base,
+                                     freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            }
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_ffn(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+// Explicit template instantiations
+template struct llm_build_exaone4<false>;
+template struct llm_build_exaone4<true>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/falcon-h1.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/falcon-h1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff842d93a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/falcon-h1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_falcon_h1::llm_build_falcon_h1(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_mamba_base(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // Build the inputs in the recurrent & kv cache
+    auto * inp = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    const float kq_scale =
+        hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+        Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+        Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+        Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+        Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, hparams.rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                             ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+        Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, hparams.rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                             ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur-post-rope", il);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur-post-rope", il);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur-post-rope", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * attn_out = build_attn(inp->get_attn(),
+                                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+        cb(attn_out, "attn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        // Mamba2 layer
+        cb(cur, "ssm_in", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ssm_out = build_mamba2_layer(inp->get_recr(), cur, model, ubatch, il);
+        cb(ssm_out, "ssm_out", il);
+
+        // // Aggregation
+        cur   = ggml_add(ctx0, attn_out, ssm_out);
+        inpSA = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(cur, "layer_out", il);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = inpSA;
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, model.layers[il].ffn_up_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/falcon.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/falcon.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9fcba508878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/falcon.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_falcon::llm_build_falcon(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * attn_norm;
+
+        attn_norm = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(attn_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_norm_2) {
+                // Falcon-40B
+                cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_norm_2,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_norm_2_b,
+                        LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(cur, "attn_norm_2", il);
+            } else {
+                cur = attn_norm;
+            }
+
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            // using mode = 2 for neox mode
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur       = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,       cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,      inpL, inp_out_ids);
+            attn_norm = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, attn_norm, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
+
+        // feed forward
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(attn_norm, // !! use the attn norm, not the result
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma-embedding.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma-embedding.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..98110d45e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma-embedding.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_gemma_embedding::llm_build_gemma_embedding(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // important: do not normalize weights for raw embeddings input (i.e. encoded image emdeddings)
+    inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, ubatch.token ? sqrtf(n_embd) : 1.0f);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base(cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            // ref: https://github.com/google/gemma_pytorch/blob/014acb7ac4563a5f77c76d7ff98f31b568c16508/gemma/model.py#L315
+            Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_attention_scale);
+
+            cur =
+                build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(sa_out, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1869efd389a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_gemma::llm_build_gemma(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, sqrtf(n_embd));
+    cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_scaled", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(sa_out,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma2-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma2-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3927ddd297b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma2-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_gemma2_iswa::llm_build_gemma2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, sqrtf(n_embd));
+    cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_attention_scale);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(sa_out,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    // final logit soft-capping
+    cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+    cur = ggml_tanh(ctx0, cur);
+    cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma3.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbb4d9a81e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+template <bool iswa>
+llm_build_gemma3<iswa>::llm_build_gemma3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // important: do not normalize weights for raw embeddings input (i.e. encoded image emdeddings)
+    inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, ubatch.token ? sqrtf(n_embd) : 1.0f);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // TODO: is causal == true correct? might need some changes
+    using inp_attn_type = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+    inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
+
+    if constexpr (iswa) {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    } else {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        float freq_base_l  = 0.0f;
+        float freq_scale_l = 0.0f;
+
+        if constexpr (iswa) {
+            freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+            freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+        } else {
+            freq_base_l  = freq_base;
+            freq_scale_l = freq_scale;
+        }
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            // ref: https://github.com/google/gemma_pytorch/blob/014acb7ac4563a5f77c76d7ff98f31b568c16508/gemma/model.py#L315
+            Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_attention_scale);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * sa_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(sa_out, "sa_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(sa_out,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    if (hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+        cur = ggml_tanh(ctx0, cur);
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+    }
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+template struct llm_build_gemma3<false>;
+template struct llm_build_gemma3<true>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma3n-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma3n-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ce2ae39c2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/gemma3n-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::llm_build_gemma3n_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params),
+    model(model),
+    n_embd_head(model.hparams.n_embd_head_k()),
+    n_embd_altup(model.hparams.n_embd_altup),
+    n_altup(model.hparams.n_altup),
+    i_altup_act(model.hparams.i_altup_act) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // important: do not normalize weights for raw embeddings input (i.e. encoded image emdeddings)
+    inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, ubatch.token ? sqrtf(n_embd) : 1.0f);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // TODO: is causal == true correct? might need some changes
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+
+    // inp_per_layer shape: [n_embd_altup, n_tokens, n_layer]
+    ggml_tensor * inp_per_layer = project_per_layer_inputs(inpL, get_per_layer_inputs());
+
+    // inpL now has only 1 altup, project it to the rest of the altups
+    // these "added" altups will be concat to the last dim of inpL
+    {
+        ggml_tensor * target_magnitude = calc_magnitude(inpL);
+        ggml_tensor * inp_repeated     = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup - 1, 1);
+        ggml_tensor * altup_added =
+            ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.altup_proj, inp_repeated);  // shape: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup - 1]
+        ggml_tensor * new_magnitude = calc_magnitude(altup_added);
+        altup_added                 = ggml_div(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, altup_added, target_magnitude), new_magnitude);
+        inpL                        = ggml_concat(ctx0, inpL, altup_added, 2);  // shape: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+        cb(inpL, "inp_stacked", -1);
+    }
+    // inpL now has shape:          [n_embd,       n_tokens, n_altup]
+    // inp_per_layer now has shape: [n_embd_altup, n_tokens, n_layer]
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // this block is made to be closely resemble Gemma3p5DecoderLayer on python code
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base(cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * cur         = inpL;                    // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+        ggml_tensor * predictions = altup_predict(cur, il);  // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+
+        // predicted value will go through self-attention and laurel
+        ggml_tensor * active_prediction = view_2d_slice(predictions, i_altup_act);  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        cur                             = active_prediction;
+        cb(cur, "active_prediction", il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // laurel
+        ggml_tensor * laurel_out = laurel(cur, il);  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+
+        // self-attention
+        if (hparams.has_kv(il)) {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            Vcur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, Vcur, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_pos", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_pos", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn, model.layers[il].wo,
+                    NULL, Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                    hparams.f_attention_scale, il);
+        } else {
+            // reuse KV cache of earlier layers
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_pos", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, hparams.f_attention_scale, il);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, active_prediction);  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        cb(cur, "attn_gated", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * attn_laurel = ggml_scale(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, cur, laurel_out),
+                                               1.0f / sqrtf(2.0f));  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        cb(attn_laurel, "attn_laurel", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(attn_laurel, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * up_proj   = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_up, cur);
+            ggml_tensor * gate_proj = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate, cur);
+
+            if (il < n_layer_sparsity) {
+                // apply activation sparsity
+                gate_proj = gaussian_topk(gate_proj);
+            }
+            gate_proj = ggml_gelu(ctx0, gate_proj);
+
+            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, up_proj, gate_proj);
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_down, cur);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * attn_ffw_laurel_gated = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, attn_laurel);  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        cb(attn_ffw_laurel_gated, "attn_ffw_laurel_gated", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * corrected = altup_correct(predictions, attn_ffw_laurel_gated, il);  // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+
+        ggml_tensor * first_prediction;                                                   // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        {
+            first_prediction = view_2d_slice(corrected, i_altup_act);                     // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+            first_prediction = ggml_mul(ctx0, first_prediction, model.layers[il].altup_correct_scale);
+            first_prediction = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].per_layer_inp_gate, first_prediction);
+            first_prediction = ggml_gelu(ctx0, first_prediction);                 // [n_embd_altup, n_tokens]
+            cb(first_prediction, "first_prediction_gated", il);
+            ggml_tensor * inp_this_layer = view_2d_slice(inp_per_layer, il);      // [n_embd_altup, n_tokens]
+            first_prediction = ggml_mul(ctx0, first_prediction, inp_this_layer);  // [n_embd_altup, n_tokens]
+            cb(first_prediction, "first_prediction_scaled", il);
+
+            first_prediction = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].per_layer_proj, first_prediction);  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+            first_prediction =
+                build_norm(first_prediction, model.layers[il].per_layer_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(first_prediction, "first_prediction_out", il);
+        }
+        // equivalent to python code: corrected_predictions[1:] += first_prediction
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * slice_first = view_2d_slice(corrected, 0);
+            ggml_tensor * slice_rest  = ggml_view_3d(
+                ctx0, corrected, n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup - 1, ggml_row_size(corrected->type, n_embd),
+                ggml_row_size(corrected->type, n_embd * n_tokens), n_embd * n_tokens * ggml_element_size(corrected));
+            ggml_tensor * tmp = ggml_add(ctx0, slice_rest, first_prediction);  // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup - 1]
+            corrected         = ggml_concat(ctx0, slice_first, tmp, 2);        // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+        }
+        cur = corrected;                                                       // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;  // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+
+    // cur now has multiple altup(s), we want to merge them back to 1 altup
+    {
+        ggml_tensor * target_magnitude = calc_magnitude(view_2d_slice(cur, i_altup_act));  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        // do a view to skip the first slice (active altup)
+        ggml_tensor * alt_slice =
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup - 1, ggml_row_size(cur->type, n_embd),
+                         ggml_row_size(cur->type, n_embd * n_tokens), n_embd * n_tokens * ggml_element_size(cur));
+        ggml_tensor * altup_unembd =
+            ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.altup_unembd_proj, alt_slice);  // shape: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup - 1]
+        ggml_tensor * new_magnitude = calc_magnitude(altup_unembd);
+        altup_unembd                = ggml_div(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, altup_unembd, target_magnitude), new_magnitude);
+        cb(altup_unembd, "altup_unembd", -1);
+
+        // equivalent to torch.mean(hidden_states, dim=0)
+        cur = view_2d_slice(cur, 0);  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_altup - 1; ++i) {
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, view_2d_slice(altup_unembd, i));
+        }
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / float(n_altup));  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+        cb(cur, "unembd_merged", -1);
+    }
+    // cur now has shape: [n_embd, n_tokens]
+
+    // TODO: move this to right after the last KV layer
+    {
+        // skip computing output for unused tokens
+        ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+        cur                       = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+    }
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    {
+        // final logit soft-capping
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+        cur = ggml_tanh(ctx0, cur);
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+    }
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::calc_magnitude(ggml_tensor * x) {
+    return ggml_sqrt(ctx0, ggml_sum_rows(ctx0, ggml_sqr(ctx0, x)));
+}
+
+// get 2D slice view from a 3D tensor, the idx corresponds to the 3rd dim
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::view_2d_slice(ggml_tensor * x, int idx) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(idx < (int) x->ne[2]);
+    return ggml_view_2d(ctx0, x, x->ne[0], x->ne[1], ggml_row_size(x->type, x->ne[0]),
+                        idx * x->ne[0] * x->ne[1] * ggml_element_size(x));
+}
+
+// equivalent to get_per_layer_inputs() in python code
+// output shape: [n_embd_altup, n_layer, n_tokens]
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::get_per_layer_inputs() {
+    auto inp = std::make_unique<llm_graph_input_embd>(n_embd);
+    ggml_tensor * inp_per_layer;
+    if (ubatch.token) {
+        inp->tokens = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, ubatch.n_tokens);
+        ggml_set_input(inp->tokens);
+        res->t_inp_tokens = inp->tokens;
+        inp_per_layer = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.tok_embd_per_layer, inp->tokens);
+        inp_per_layer = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inp_per_layer, n_embd_altup, n_layer, n_tokens);
+        inp_per_layer = ggml_scale(ctx0, inp_per_layer, sqrtf((float) n_embd_altup));
+        cb(inp_per_layer, "inp_per_layer_selected", -1);
+        res->add_input(std::move(inp));
+    } else {
+        // Vision embedding path: use padding token (ID=0) embedding
+        // TODO: verify if this is the correct behavior in transformers implementation
+        const int64_t embd_size = model.tok_embd_per_layer->ne[0];  // n_embd_altup * n_layer
+
+        // Extract and dequantize padding token embedding (row 0)
+        ggml_tensor * padding = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.tok_embd_per_layer, embd_size, 0);
+        inp_per_layer = ggml_cast(ctx0, padding, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+        // Reshape to [n_embd_altup, n_layer, 1]
+        inp_per_layer = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inp_per_layer, n_embd_altup, n_layer, 1);
+        cb(inp_per_layer, "inp_per_layer_vision", -1);
+    }
+    return inp_per_layer;
+}
+
+// equivalent to project_per_layer_inputs() in python code
+// this calculates the per-layer inputs, so the final tensor shape will have n_layer as the last dim
+// output shape: [n_embd_altup, n_tokens, n_layer]
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::project_per_layer_inputs(ggml_tensor * inputs_embeds, ggml_tensor * inp_per_layer) {
+    const float per_layer_projection_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf((float) n_embd);
+    const float per_layer_input_scale      = 1.0f / sqrtf(2.0f);
+
+    ggml_tensor * per_layer_proj = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.per_layer_model_proj, inputs_embeds);
+    per_layer_proj               = ggml_scale(ctx0, per_layer_proj, per_layer_projection_scale);
+    per_layer_proj               = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, per_layer_proj, n_embd_altup, n_layer, n_tokens);
+    per_layer_proj               = build_norm(per_layer_proj, model.per_layer_proj_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS,
+                                              -1);  // [n_embd_altup, n_layer, n_tokens]
+    cb(per_layer_proj, "per_layer_proj", -1);
+
+    inp_per_layer = ggml_add(ctx0, per_layer_proj, inp_per_layer);
+    inp_per_layer = ggml_scale(ctx0, inp_per_layer, per_layer_input_scale);
+    cb(inp_per_layer, "inp_per_layer", -1);
+
+    // permute to shape: [n_embd_altup, n_tokens, n_layer]
+    inp_per_layer = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, inp_per_layer, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+    return inp_per_layer;
+}
+
+// input cur shape: [n_altup, n_tokens]
+// output    shape: [n_altup, n_tokens]
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::laurel(ggml_tensor * cur, int il) {
+    ggml_tensor * tmp = cur;
+    tmp               = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].laurel_l, tmp);
+    tmp               = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].laurel_r, tmp);
+    tmp               = build_norm(tmp, model.layers[il].laurel_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+    tmp               = ggml_add(ctx0, tmp, cur);
+    cb(tmp, "laurel_out", il);
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+// input x shape: [n_embd, n_tokens]
+// output  shape: [n_embd, n_tokens]
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::gaussian_topk(ggml_tensor * x) {
+    ggml_tensor * mean = ggml_mean(ctx0, x);
+    ggml_tensor * std  = ggml_sqrt(ctx0, ggml_scale(ctx0, ggml_sum_rows(ctx0, ggml_sqr(ctx0, ggml_sub(ctx0, x, mean))),
+                                                    1.0f / (float) (x->ne[0] - 1)));
+    ggml_tensor * cutoff_x = ggml_add(ctx0, mean, ggml_scale(ctx0, std, f_sparsity_std_mul));
+    return ggml_relu(ctx0, ggml_sub(ctx0, x, cutoff_x));
+}
+
+//
+// altup functions
+//
+
+// equivalent to compute_router_modalities() in python code
+// input x shape: [n_embd,  n_tokens]
+// output  shape: [n_altup, n_tokens]
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::altup_compute_router_modalities(ggml_tensor * x, int il) {
+    ggml_tensor * router_inputs = build_norm(x, model.layers[il].altup_router_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+
+    // router_input_scale
+    router_inputs = ggml_scale(ctx0, router_inputs, 1.0f / (float) n_embd);
+
+    ggml_tensor * output = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].altup_router, router_inputs);
+    return ggml_tanh(ctx0, output);  // [n_altup, n_tokens]
+}
+
+// input cur shape: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+// output    shape: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::altup_predict(ggml_tensor * cur, int il) {
+    ggml_tensor * activated  = view_2d_slice(cur, i_altup_act);                 // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+    ggml_tensor * modalities = altup_compute_router_modalities(activated, il);  // [n_altup, n_tokens]
+    cb(modalities, "modalities", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * all_coefs = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].altup_predict_coef, modalities);
+    cb(all_coefs, "all_coefs", il);
+    // first dim now having n_altup^2 elements, we reshape it to 2D (so we end up with 3D tensor)
+    all_coefs = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, all_coefs, n_altup, n_altup, n_tokens);
+
+    // permute to [n_altup, n_embd, n_tokens]
+    ggml_tensor * cur_permuted = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, cur, 1, 2, 0, 3));
+    ggml_tensor * predictions  = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, cur_permuted, all_coefs);  // [n_altup, n_embd, n_tokens]
+
+    // final shape must be the same as cur: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+    predictions = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, predictions, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+    predictions = ggml_add(ctx0, predictions, cur);
+    cb(predictions, "predictions", il);
+
+    return predictions;
+}
+
+// input predictions       shape: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+// input activated         shape: [n_embd, n_tokens]
+// output                  shape: [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_gemma3n_iswa::altup_correct(ggml_tensor * predictions, ggml_tensor * activated, int il) {
+    ggml_tensor * modalities = altup_compute_router_modalities(activated, il);  // [n_altup, n_tokens]
+    cb(modalities, "modalities", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * active_prediction = view_2d_slice(predictions, i_altup_act);
+    ggml_tensor * innovation        = ggml_sub(ctx0, activated, active_prediction);  // [n_embd, n_tokens]
+    cb(innovation, "innovation", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * all_coefs = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].altup_correct_coef, modalities);  // [n_altup, n_tokens]
+    all_coefs               = ggml_scale_bias(ctx0, all_coefs, 1.0f, 1.0f);                    // + 1.0
+    cb(all_coefs, "all_coefs", il);
+    all_coefs = ggml_transpose(ctx0, all_coefs);                                               // [n_tokens, n_altup]
+    all_coefs = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, all_coefs, 1, n_tokens, n_altup);                           // [1, n_tokens, n_altup]
+
+    innovation              = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, innovation, n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup, 1);
+    ggml_tensor * corrected = ggml_mul(ctx0, innovation, all_coefs);   // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+    corrected               = ggml_add(ctx0, corrected, predictions);  // [n_embd, n_tokens, n_altup]
+    cb(corrected, "corrected", il);
+
+    return corrected;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/glm4-moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/glm4-moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7938545ed8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/glm4-moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_glm4_moe::llm_build_glm4_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    bool use_mrope = hparams.use_mrope();
+    if (ubatch.embd && !use_mrope) {
+        // unfortunately, we need to forcefully stop here, to avoid users complaining about wrong results
+        GGML_ABORT("This GGUF does not support multimodal. Please reconvert it.");
+    }
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    // Only process up to last layer (skip final NextN layer)
+    // Final layer tensors are loaded but not processed in forward pass
+    const int n_transformer_layers = n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_transformer_layers; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // Pre-attention norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+            }
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+            }
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+            }
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            // Apply Q/K norm if available (GLM-4.5 355B variant)
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
+                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+            }
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
+                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+            }
+
+            if (use_mrope) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            } else {
+                // Normal RoPE
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot,
+                                    rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot,
+                                    rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            }
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_transformer_layers - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // Post-attention norm
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "post_attn_norm", il);
+
+        // Check if this is a dense layer (n_layer_dense_lead=1, so layer 0 is dense)
+        if (static_cast<uint32_t>(il) < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+            // Dense FFN layer
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // Process routed experts using existing MoE infrastructure
+            ggml_tensor * routed_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                    il);
+            cb(routed_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // Process shared expert on original input
+            ggml_tensor * shared_out = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(shared_out, "ffn_shexp_out", il);
+
+            // Final output: routed_output + shared_output
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, routed_out, shared_out);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/glm4.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/glm4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6ad8febed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/glm4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+
+llm_build_glm4::llm_build_glm4(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    bool use_mrope = hparams.use_mrope();
+    if (ubatch.embd && !use_mrope) {
+        // unfortunately, we need to forcefully stop here, to avoid users complaining about wrong results
+        GGML_ABORT("This GGUF does not support multimodal. Please reconvert it.");
+    }
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    // Only process up to last layer (skip final NextN layer)
+    // Final layer tensors are loaded but not processed in forward pass
+    const int n_transformer_layers = n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_transformer_layers; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // Pre-attention norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
+
+            if (model.layers[il].wqkv == nullptr) {
+                Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+                if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                }
+                Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+                if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                }
+                Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+                if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                }
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            } else {
+                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+                if (model.layers[il].bqkv) {
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+                    cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+                }
+                Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float), cur->nb[1],
+                                    0 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+                Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                    cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+                Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                    cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+            }
+
+            if (use_mrope) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            } else {
+                // Normal RoPE
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot,
+                                    rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot,
+                                    rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            }
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_transformer_layers - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // Post-attention norm (new!)
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "post_attn_norm", il);
+
+        // Add the input (residual connection after post-attention norm)
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FF
+        {
+            // Pre-MLP norm
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            // MLP
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+            // Post-MLP norm
+            cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "post_mlp_norm", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    // Final norm
+    cur = build_norm(inpL, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // Output projection
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/gpt2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/gpt2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb1238f2d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/gpt2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_gpt2::llm_build_gpt2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * pos;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    pos = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos);
+    cb(pos, "pos_embd", -1);
+
+    inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, pos);
+    cb(inpL, "inpL", -1);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+            cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // add the input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FF
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/gptneox.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/gptneox.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c8fe6c836d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/gptneox.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_gptneox::llm_build_gptneox(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+            cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // ffn
+        if (hparams.use_par_res) {
+            // attention and ffn are computed in parallel
+            // x = x + attn(ln1(x)) + ffn(ln2(x))
+
+            ggml_tensor * attn_out = cur;
+
+            cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, attn_out);
+
+            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+            // input for next layer
+            inpL = cur;
+        } else {
+            // attention and ffn are computed sequentially
+            // x = x + attn(ln1(x))
+            // x = x + ffn(ln2(x))
+
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+            cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+            cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+            // input for next layer
+            inpL = cur;
+        }
+    }
+
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/granite-hybrid.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/granite-hybrid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b54a38c386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/granite-hybrid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_granite_hybrid::llm_build_granite_hybrid(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_mamba_base(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * inp = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    // Positional embeddings populated if rope enabled
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = nullptr;
+    if (hparams.rope_finetuned) {
+        inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    }
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        struct ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        if (hparams.is_recurrent(il)) {
+            // ssm layer //
+            cur = build_mamba2_layer(inp->get_recr(), cur, model, ubatch, il);
+        } else {
+            // attention layer //
+            cur = build_attention_layer(cur, inp_pos, inp->get_attn(), model, n_embd_head, il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // ffn
+        cur = build_layer_ffn(cur, inpSA, model, il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    // For Granite architectures - scale logits
+    if (hparams.f_logit_scale) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_logit_scale);
+    }
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_granite_hybrid::build_attention_layer(ggml_tensor *             cur,
+                                                              ggml_tensor *             inp_pos,
+                                                              llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+                                                              const llama_model &       model,
+                                                              const int64_t             n_embd_head,
+                                                              const int                 il) {
+    // compute Q and K and (optionally) RoPE them
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+        Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+        Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+        Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+    }
+
+    Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head(il), n_tokens);
+    Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_tokens);
+    Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_tokens);
+
+    const bool use_rope = hparams.rope_finetuned;
+    if (use_rope) {
+        ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+        Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                             ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+        Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                             ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+    }
+
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    const float kq_scale =
+        hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+    cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+            model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+            Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+    cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_granite_hybrid::build_layer_ffn(ggml_tensor *       cur,
+                                                        ggml_tensor *       inpSA,
+                                                        const llama_model & model,
+                                                        const int           il) {
+    // For Granite architectures - scale residual
+    if (hparams.f_residual_scale) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_residual_scale);
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+    cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+    // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
+    if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, model.layers[il].ffn_up_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+    } else {
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        // For Granite MoE Shared
+        if (hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0) {
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            cur = moe_out;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For Granite architectures - scale residual
+    if (hparams.f_residual_scale) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_residual_scale);
+    }
+    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+    cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+    cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+    cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/granite.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/granite.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a7e1664c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/granite.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_granite::llm_build_granite(
+    const llama_model & model,
+    const llm_graph_params & params)
+    : llm_graph_context(params) {
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - built only if rope enabled
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = nullptr;
+    if (hparams.rope_finetuned) {
+        inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    }
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        cur = build_attention_layer(
+            cur, inp_pos, inp_attn,
+            model, n_embd_head, il);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // ffn
+        cur = build_layer_ffn(cur, inpSA, model, il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    // For Granite architectures - scale logits
+    cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_logit_scale);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_granite::build_attention_layer(
+          ggml_tensor             * cur,
+          ggml_tensor             * inp_pos,
+          llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+    const llama_model             & model,
+    const int64_t                 n_embd_head,
+    const int                     il) {
+
+    // compute Q and K and (optionally) RoPE them
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+        Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+        Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+        Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+    }
+
+    Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head(il),    n_tokens);
+    Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_tokens);
+    Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_tokens);
+
+    const bool use_rope = hparams.rope_finetuned;
+    if (use_rope) {
+        ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+        Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+
+        Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+    }
+
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+    cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+            model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+            Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_granite::build_layer_ffn(
+          ggml_tensor       * cur,
+          ggml_tensor       * inpSA,
+    const llama_model       & model,
+    const int                 il) {
+
+    // For Granite architectures - scale residual
+    if (hparams.f_residual_scale) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_residual_scale);
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+    cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+    // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
+    if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+    } else {
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        // For Granite MoE Shared
+        if (hparams.n_ff_shexp > 0) {
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            cur = moe_out;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For Granite architectures - scale residual
+    if (hparams.f_residual_scale) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_residual_scale);
+    }
+    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+    cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+    cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+    cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/grok.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/grok.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..580d63e36ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/grok.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_grok::llm_build_grok(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].attn_out_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_out_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_GELU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_up) {
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_out = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(ffn_out, "ffn_out", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, ffn_out, moe_out), std::sqrt(2) / 2);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            cur = moe_out;
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_logit_scale);
+
+    // final logit soft-capping
+    if (hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping) {
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 1.0f / hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+        cur = ggml_tanh(ctx0, cur);
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, hparams.f_final_logit_softcapping);
+    }
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/grovemoe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/grovemoe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aa60d3e9388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/grovemoe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_grovemoe::llm_build_grovemoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head    = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_chunk_expert = n_expert / hparams.n_group_experts;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * probs = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp, cur);  // [n_expert, n_tokens]
+        cb(probs, "ffn_moe_logits", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                nullptr,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il,
+                probs);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        cur = moe_out;
+
+        // TODO: Only do the expert selection and weights once
+        moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_chexps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_chexps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_chexps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_chunk_expert, n_expert_used > n_chunk_expert ? n_chunk_expert : n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il,
+                    probs);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_adj_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ggml_scale(ctx0, moe_out, hparams.expert_group_scale));
+        cb(cur, "ffn_final_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/hunyuan-dense.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/hunyuan-dense.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a51707c85b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/hunyuan-dense.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_hunyuan_dense::llm_build_hunyuan_dense(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head));
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, nullptr,
+                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_norm", il);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, nullptr,
+                        LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+        // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
+        ggml_tensor * cur_mlp = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur_mlp, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur_mlp, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/hunyuan-moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/hunyuan-moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..806c30b3667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/hunyuan-moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_hunyuan_moe::llm_build_hunyuan_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head));
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, nullptr,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_norm", il);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, nullptr,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
+        ggml_tensor * cur_mlp = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur_mlp, "ffn_mlp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        ggml_tensor * cur_moe = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU,
+                true, // norm_topk_prob
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(cur_moe, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_out = ggml_add(ctx0, cur_moe, cur_mlp);
+        cb(ffn_out, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ffn_out, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/internlm2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/internlm2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..441d250268e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/internlm2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_internlm2::llm_build_internlm2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/jais.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/jais.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..135bf288ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/jais.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_jais::llm_build_jais(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+            cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*cur->nb[0]*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*cur->nb[0]*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*cur->nb[0]*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/float(n_embd_head), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // add the input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FF
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(inpL, "l_out", il);
+    }
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/jais2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/jais2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2cfe484eb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/jais2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+// JAIS-2 model graph builder
+// Uses: LayerNorm (not RMSNorm), relu2 activation, separate Q/K/V, RoPE embeddings
+llm_build_jais2::llm_build_jais2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // KV input for attention
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // Pre-attention LayerNorm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // Self-attention with separate Q, K, V projections
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_bias", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_bias", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur_bias", il);
+
+            // Reshape for attention
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            // Apply RoPE
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_rope", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_rope", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Residual connection
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // Pre-FFN LayerNorm
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // FFN with relu2 activation (ReLU squared) - no gate projection
+        // up -> relu2 -> down
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                NULL, NULL, NULL,  // no gate
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        // Residual connection
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        inpL = build_cvec(inpL, il);
+        cb(inpL, "l_out", il);
+    }
+
+    // Final LayerNorm
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // Output projection
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/jamba.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/jamba.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0c89de187a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/jamba.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_jamba::llm_build_jamba(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_build_mamba_base(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * inp_hybrid = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const int64_t n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        if (n_head_kv == 0) {
+            cur = build_mamba_layer(inp_hybrid->get_recr(), cur, model, ubatch, il);
+        } else {
+            // Attention
+
+            struct ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            struct ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            struct ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            // No RoPE :)
+            cur = build_attn(inp_hybrid->get_attn(),
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // residual
+        struct ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, cur);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+            // FFN
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        }
+        // residual
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ffn_inp, cur);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    // final rmsnorm
+    cur = build_norm(inpL, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/kimi-linear.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/kimi-linear.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d62f4e7159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/kimi-linear.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+// Causal Conv1d function for Q,K,V
+// When qkv is 0, it is Q, 1 is K, 2 is V
+static ggml_tensor * causal_conv1d(ggml_cgraph * gf, ggml_context * ctx0, ggml_tensor * conv_states_all, ggml_tensor * conv_state_all, int64_t qkv, ggml_tensor * x, ggml_tensor * proj_w, ggml_tensor * conv_w, int64_t d_conv, int64_t head_dim, int64_t n_head, int64_t n_seq_tokens, int64_t n_seqs, int64_t n_tokens, int64_t kv_head) {
+    const int64_t d_inner = head_dim * n_head;
+    const int64_t conv_state_size = (d_conv - 1) * d_inner;
+    const int64_t n_embd_r_total = 3 * conv_state_size;  // Q + K + V
+
+    // conv_state_all is [n_embd_r_total, n_seqs], split into Q, K, V
+    // Each conv state is [(d_conv-1) * d_inner] per sequence, need to reshape to [d_conv-1, d_inner, n_seqs]
+    // Memory layout: for each seq, Q state is first conv_state_size elements, then K, then V
+    // conv_state_all has stride: nb[0] = element_size, nb[1] = n_embd_r_total * element_size
+    // View Q conv state: offset 0, size conv_state_size per seq
+    // conv_state_all is [n_embd_r_total, n_seqs] with memory layout:
+    //   state[i + seq * n_embd_r_total] where i = conv_step + channel * (d_conv-1) + {0, conv_state_size, 2*conv_state_size} for Q/K/V
+    // We want [d_conv-1, d_inner, n_seqs] view:
+    //   nb1 = (d_conv-1) * element_size (stride between channels)
+    //   nb2 = n_embd_r_total * element_size (stride between seqs)
+    ggml_tensor * conv_state_x = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_state_all, d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs,
+        (d_conv - 1) * ggml_element_size(conv_state_all),  // nb1: stride between channels
+        n_embd_r_total * ggml_element_size(conv_state_all),  // nb2: stride between seqs
+        qkv * conv_state_size * ggml_element_size(conv_state_all));
+
+// Causal Conv1d function for Q,K,V
+// When qkv is 0, it is Q, 1 is K, 2 is V
+    // Step 1: Q, K, V projections -> [d_inner, n_tokens]
+    ggml_tensor * x_proj = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, proj_w, x);
+
+    // Reshape input: {d_inner, n_tokens} -> {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * x_3d = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, x_proj, d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Concat Q conv state and current input: {d_conv-1 + n_seq_tokens, d_inner, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * conv_x = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv_state_x, ggml_transpose(ctx0, x_3d), 0);
+
+    // Save last (d_conv-1) columns back to Q conv state
+    ggml_tensor * last_conv_x = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_x, d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs,
+        conv_x->nb[1], conv_x->nb[2], n_seq_tokens * conv_x->nb[0]);
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
+        ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv_x,
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_states_all,
+                d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs,
+                (d_conv - 1) * ggml_element_size(conv_states_all),           // nb1: contiguous within one channel's conv taps
+                n_embd_r_total * ggml_element_size(conv_states_all),         // nb2: stride between sequences (skip over K,V states)
+                (kv_head * n_embd_r_total + qkv * conv_state_size) * ggml_element_size(conv_states_all))));  // offset to first seq's Q/K/V state
+    // Reshape conv weight: GGUF [d_conv, 1, d_inner, 1] -> ggml_ssm_conv expects [d_conv, d_inner]
+    // GGUF stores as [d_conv, 1, d_inner, 1] with memory layout w[conv_step + channel * d_conv]
+    // vLLM stores as [d_inner, d_conv] with memory layout w[channel * d_conv + conv_step]
+    // ggml_ssm_conv computes: c[conv_step + channel * d_conv]
+    // GGUF layout: [d_conv, 1, d_inner] or [d_conv, 1, d_inner, 1] -> reshape to [d_conv, d_inner]
+    // Reshape conv weight from [d_conv, 1, d_inner, 1] to [d_conv, d_inner] for ggml_ssm_conv
+    ggml_tensor * conv_weight = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, conv_w, d_conv, d_inner);
+
+    // Apply conv1d
+    // ggml_ssm_conv output: {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * Xcur = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_x, conv_weight);
+    // Reshape to 2D for bias add: {d_inner, n_tokens}
+    Xcur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Xcur, d_inner, n_tokens);
+    Xcur = ggml_silu(ctx0, Xcur);
+
+    return ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Xcur, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+}
+
+llm_build_kimi_linear::llm_build_kimi_linear(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_delta_net_base(params), model(model) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    cb(inpL, "model.embed_tokens", -1);
+
+    // Note: Kimi MLA does NOT use RoPE (rotary_emb=None in vLLM)
+    // So we don't need inp_pos
+
+    auto * inp_kv = !hparams.is_mla() ? build_inp_mem_hybrid() : nullptr;
+    auto * inp_k = hparams.is_mla() ? build_inp_mem_hybrid_k() : nullptr;
+    auto * inp_rs = hparams.is_mla() ? inp_k->get_recr() : inp_kv->get_recr();
+    auto * inp_attn_kv = !hparams.is_mla() ? inp_kv->get_attn() : nullptr;
+    auto * inp_attn_k = hparams.is_mla() ? inp_k->get_attn() : nullptr;
+
+    // Output ids for selecting which tokens to output
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    // Kimi dimension constants
+    const int64_t n_head = hparams.n_head();
+    const int64_t head_dim = hparams.n_embd_head_kda;
+    const int64_t d_conv = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+    const int64_t d_inner = n_head * head_dim;  // 32 * 128 = 4096
+    const int64_t n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    // Verify batch consistency for recurrent layers
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    // MLA params
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_k_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla();
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_v_mla = hparams.n_embd_head_v_mla();
+    const int64_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
+    // qk_rope_head_dim = 64 (from Kimi config) which is hparams.n_rot
+    // Confirmed from tensor shape: wkv_a_mqa [2304, 576] = [n_embd, kv_lora_rank + qk_rope_head_dim]
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();  // config.qk_rope_head_dim
+    const int64_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = n_embd_head_k_mla - n_embd_head_qk_rope;  // 192 - 64 = 128
+    // Attention scale for MLA
+    const float kq_scale_mla = 1.0f / sqrtf((float)n_embd_head_k_mla);
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // Attention Norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, layer.attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
+        if (hparams.is_recurrent(il)) {
+            // === KDA Layer (Kimi Delta Attention) with Recurrent State ===
+            // Reference: vLLM kda.py
+            const auto * mctx_cur = inp_rs->mctx;
+            const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+            // Get conv states from r_l tensor (Q, K, V each have separate state)
+            ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+            cb(conv_states_all, "conv_states_all", il);
+            ggml_tensor * conv_state_all = build_rs(inp_rs, conv_states_all, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = causal_conv1d(gf, ctx0, conv_states_all, conv_state_all, 0, cur, layer.wq, layer.ssm_q_conv, d_conv, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, kv_head);
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = causal_conv1d(gf, ctx0, conv_states_all, conv_state_all, 1, cur, layer.wk, layer.ssm_k_conv, d_conv, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, kv_head);
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = causal_conv1d(gf, ctx0, conv_states_all, conv_state_all, 2, cur, layer.wv, layer.ssm_v_conv, d_conv, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, n_tokens, kv_head);
+
+            // g1 = -exp(A_log) * softplus(f_b(f_a(x)) + dt_bias)
+            ggml_tensor * f_a = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.ssm_f_a, cur);
+            ggml_tensor * g1 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.ssm_f_b, f_a);
+            cb(g1, "g1 f_b(f_a(cur))", il);
+            g1 = ggml_add(ctx0, g1, layer.ssm_dt_b);
+            g1 = ggml_softplus(ctx0, g1);
+            g1 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, g1, head_dim, n_head, n_tokens);
+
+            // A_log shape is [1, n_head] or [1, n_head, 1, 1], need to broadcast to [head_dim, n_head, n_tokens]. No need to -exp(a_log) because it was done in convert_hf_to_gguf.py
+            // Reshape to [1, n_head, 1] for broadcasting with g1 [head_dim, n_head, n_tokens]
+            ggml_tensor * A = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, layer.ssm_a, 1, n_head, 1);
+            g1 = ggml_mul(ctx0, g1, A);
+            cb(g1, "kda_g1", il);
+
+            g1 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, g1, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+            // Compute beta (mixing coefficient)
+            ggml_tensor * beta = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.ssm_beta, cur);
+            beta = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, beta, 1, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+            cb(beta, "kda_beta", il);
+
+            beta = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, beta);
+
+            // Reshape for KDA recurrence
+            // {n_embd, n_tokens} -> {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+            cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+            // Get SSM state and compute KDA recurrence using ggml_kda_scan
+            ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all = mctx_cur->get_s_l(il);
+            ggml_tensor * state = build_rs(inp_rs, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
+            state = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, state, head_dim, head_dim, n_head, n_seqs);
+
+            const float eps_norm = hparams.f_norm_rms_eps;
+
+            Qcur = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, Qcur, eps_norm);
+            Kcur = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, Kcur, eps_norm);
+
+            // Choose between build_delta_net_chunking and build_delta_net_recurrent based on n_tokens
+            auto attn_out = build_delta_net(Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, g1, beta, state, il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * output = ggml_cont(ctx0, attn_out.first);
+            ggml_tensor * new_state = attn_out.second;
+            cb(output, "attn_output", il);
+            cb(new_state, "new_state", il);
+
+            // Update the recurrent states
+            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
+                                     ggml_cpy(ctx0, new_state,
+                                              ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
+                                                           kv_head * hparams.n_embd_s() * ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
+
+            // Output gating g2 = g_b(g_a(x))
+            ggml_tensor * cur_2d = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+            ggml_tensor * g_a = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.ssm_g_a, cur_2d);
+            ggml_tensor * g2 = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.ssm_g_b, g_a);
+            cb(g2, "g2 g_b(g_a(cur_2d))", il);
+            g2 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, g2, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+            // Apply o_norm with sigmoid gating
+            // Note: Kimi model uses sigmoid gating, not SiLU (despite FusedRMSNormGated default being swish)
+            // Formula: output = RMSNorm(x) * sigmoid(g)
+            ggml_tensor * attn_out_final = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, output, head_dim, n_head,  n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+            ggml_tensor * normed = build_norm(attn_out_final, layer.ssm_o_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(normed, "kda_normed", il);
+            ggml_tensor * gate = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, g2);
+            ggml_tensor * gated = ggml_mul(ctx0, normed, gate);
+
+            // Output projection
+            gated = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, gated, d_inner, n_tokens);
+            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.wo, gated);
+            cb(cur, "kda_out", il);
+
+        } else {
+            // === MLA Layer (Multi-head Latent Attention) without KV Cache ===
+            // Reference: vLLM mla.py
+            // Step 1: Q projection and reshape
+            // vLLM Kimi: q = q_proj(hidden_states), then view as [n_tokens, n_head, qk_head_dim]
+            // Note: Kimi MLA does NOT use RoPE (rotary_emb=None in vLLM)
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.wq, cur);
+
+            // Step 2: KV compression
+            // kv_cmpr_pe = kv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states) -> [kv_lora_rank + qk_rope_head_dim, n_tokens]
+            ggml_tensor * kv_cmpr_pe = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.wkv_a_mqa, cur);
+
+            // Split: kv_cmpr = kv_lora[:kv_lora_rank], k_pe = kv_lora[kv_lora_rank:]
+            ggml_tensor * kv_cmpr = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_cmpr_pe, kv_lora_rank, n_tokens,
+                ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope), 0);
+            ggml_tensor * k_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv_cmpr_pe, n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens,
+                ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope),
+                ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope),
+                ggml_row_size(kv_cmpr_pe->type, kv_lora_rank));
+            // Note: Kimi MLA does NOT apply RoPE (rotary_emb=None in vLLM)
+            // k_pe is used directly without RoPE
+            // Normalize kv_c
+            kv_cmpr = build_norm(kv_cmpr, layer.attn_kv_a_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+
+            if (layer.wk_b && layer.wv_b) { // MLA KV cache enabled
+                // extract q_nope
+                ggml_tensor * q_nope =
+                    ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens, ggml_row_size(Qcur->type, n_embd_head_k_mla),
+                                 ggml_row_size(Qcur->type, n_embd_head_k_mla) * n_head, 0);
+                cb(q_nope, "q_nope", il);
+
+                // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens}
+                ggml_tensor * q_pe = ggml_view_3d(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens, ggml_row_size(Qcur->type, n_embd_head_k_mla),
+                    ggml_row_size(Qcur->type, n_embd_head_k_mla) * n_head, ggml_row_size(Qcur->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
+                cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
+
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens, n_head}
+                q_nope = ggml_permute(ctx0, q_nope, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+                cb(q_nope, "q_nope_perm", il);
+
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_nope, kv_lora_rank, n_head} x {n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens, n_head}
+                ggml_tensor * q_nope_absorbed = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.wk_b, q_nope);
+                cb(q_nope_absorbed, "q_nope_absorbed", il);
+
+                // {kv_lora_rank, n_head, n_tokens}
+                q_nope_absorbed = ggml_permute(ctx0, q_nope_absorbed, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+                cb(q_nope_absorbed, "q_nope_absorbed_perm", il);
+
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_rope + kv_lora_rank, n_head, n_tokens}
+                // note: rope must go first for in-place context shifting in build_rope_shift()
+                Qcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_nope_absorbed, q_pe, 0);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+                kv_cmpr = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, kv_cmpr, kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens);
+                cb(kv_cmpr, "kv_cmpr_reshape", il);
+
+                // {n_embd_head_qk_rope + kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens}
+                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, kv_cmpr, k_pe, 0);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+                // {kv_lora_rank, 1, n_tokens}
+                ggml_tensor * Vcur = kv_cmpr;
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+                cur = build_attn(inp_attn_k, layer.wo, NULL, Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, layer.wv_b, kq_scale_mla, il);
+                cb(cur, "mla_out", il);
+            } else { // MLA KV cache disabled. Fall back to MHA KV cache.
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head_k_mla, n_head, n_tokens);
+                cb(Qcur, "mla_Q", il);
+                // KV decompression: kv = kv_b_proj(kv_c_normed)
+                ggml_tensor * kv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.wkv_b, kv_cmpr);
+                const int64_t kv_per_head = n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v_mla;
+
+                // Split kv into k_nope and v
+                ggml_tensor * k_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, kv_per_head),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, kv_per_head * n_head), 0);
+                ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_v_mla, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, kv_per_head),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, kv_per_head * n_head),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
+                Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, Vcur);
+                cb(Vcur, "mla_V", il);
+
+                // Concatenate k_nope + k_pe (broadcast k_pe to all heads)
+                // K = [k_nope, k_pe] where k_nope is [qk_nope_head_dim, n_head, n_tokens]
+                // and k_pe is [qk_rope_head_dim, 1, n_tokens] broadcast to all heads
+                // Need to broadcast k_pe from [qk_rope, 1, n_tokens] to [qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens]
+                ggml_tensor * k_pe_target = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, k_pe->type, n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens);
+                ggml_tensor * k_pe_repeated = ggml_repeat(ctx0, k_pe, k_pe_target);
+                ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_concat(ctx0, k_pe_repeated, k_nope, 0);
+                cb(Kcur, "mla_K", il);
+
+                // Direct softmax attention (with MHA KV cache)
+                // Use build_attn with inp_attn for proper mask handling
+                cur = build_attn(inp_attn_kv, layer.wo, NULL, Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale_mla, il);
+                cb(cur, "mla_out", il);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // On last layer, select only the output tokens
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,   inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Residual
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FFN Norm
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, layer.ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        if ((uint32_t) il < hparams.n_layer_dense_lead) {
+            // Dense FFN layer
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                layer.ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                layer.ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                layer.ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE layer
+            // Kimi uses moe_renormalize=True and routed_scaling_factor (stored as expert_weights_scale) = 2.446
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                layer.ffn_gate_inp,
+                layer.ffn_up_exps,
+                layer.ffn_gate_exps,
+                layer.ffn_down_exps,
+                layer.ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                hparams.n_expert,
+                hparams.n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // Shared expert
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(cur,
+                        layer.ffn_up_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        layer.ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        layer.ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                        NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+                cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+            }
+        }
+        // Residual
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // Final Norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // Output
+    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/lfm2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/lfm2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dfa322166b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/lfm2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "../llama-memory-hybrid-iswa.h"
+#include "../llama-memory-hybrid.h"
+
+template <bool iswa>
+llm_build_lfm2<iswa>::llm_build_lfm2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    using inp_hybrid_type = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid_iswa,  llm_graph_input_mem_hybrid>;
+    using inp_attn_type   = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa,     llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+    using mem_hybrid_ctx  = std::conditional_t<iswa, llama_memory_hybrid_iswa_context, llama_memory_hybrid_context>;
+
+    // lambda helpers for readability
+    auto build_dense_feed_forward = [&model, this](ggml_tensor * cur, int il) -> ggml_tensor * {
+        GGML_ASSERT(!model.layers[il].ffn_up_b);
+        GGML_ASSERT(!model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b);
+        GGML_ASSERT(!model.layers[il].ffn_down_b);
+        return build_ffn(cur,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+            NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+    };
+    auto build_moe_feed_forward = [&model, this](ggml_tensor * cur, int il) -> ggml_tensor * {
+        return build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                static_cast<llama_expert_gating_func_type>(hparams.expert_gating_func),
+                il);
+    };
+    auto build_attn_block = [&model, this](ggml_tensor *   cur,
+                                           ggml_tensor *   inp_pos,
+                                           inp_attn_type * inp_attn,
+                                           int             il) -> ggml_tensor * {
+        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(il) == hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(il));
+        const auto n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+        const auto n_head_kv   = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+
+        auto * q = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+        cb(q, "model.layers.{}.self_attn.q_proj", il);
+        auto * k = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+        cb(k, "model.layers.{}.self_attn.k_proj", il);
+        auto * v = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+        cb(v, "model.layers.{}.self_attn.v_proj", il);
+
+        q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+        k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, k, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+        v = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, v, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+        // qk norm
+        q = build_norm(q, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(q, "model.layers.{}.self_attn.q_layernorm", il);
+        k = build_norm(k, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(k, "model.layers.{}.self_attn.k_layernorm", il);
+
+        // RoPE
+        q = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, q, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+                          attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+        k = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, k, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+                          attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+        cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                q, k, v, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+
+        cb(cur, "model.layers.{}.self_attn.out_proj", il);
+
+        return cur;
+    };
+    auto build_shortconv_block = [&model, this](ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                                llm_graph_input_rs * inp_recr,
+                                                int                  il) -> ggml_tensor * {
+        const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const mem_hybrid_ctx *>(mctx)->get_recr();
+        const uint32_t kv_head      = mctx_cur->get_head();
+        const int64_t  n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+        const int64_t  n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+        GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(hparams.n_shortconv_l_cache > 1);
+        const uint32_t d_conv = hparams.n_shortconv_l_cache - 1;
+
+        // {n_embd, n_tokens} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        auto * bcx = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].shortconv.in_proj, cur);
+        cb(bcx, "model.layers.{}.conv.in_proj", il);
+
+        constexpr auto n_chunks = 3;
+        GGML_ASSERT(bcx->ne[0] % n_chunks == 0);
+        const auto chunk_size = bcx->ne[0] / n_chunks;
+        auto *     b          = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, bcx, chunk_size, bcx->ne[1], bcx->ne[2], bcx->nb[1], bcx->nb[2],
+                                             0 * chunk_size * ggml_element_size(bcx));
+        auto *     c          = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, bcx, chunk_size, bcx->ne[1], bcx->ne[2], bcx->nb[1], bcx->nb[2],
+                                             1 * chunk_size * ggml_element_size(bcx));
+        auto *     x          = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, bcx, chunk_size, bcx->ne[1], bcx->ne[2], bcx->nb[1], bcx->nb[2],
+                                             2 * chunk_size * ggml_element_size(bcx));
+
+        auto * bx = ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, b, x));
+
+        // read conv state
+        auto * conv_state = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+        auto * conv_rs    = build_rs(inp_recr, conv_state, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+        auto * conv       = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv_rs, d_conv, hparams.n_embd, n_seqs);
+
+        bx = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv, bx, 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(bx->ne[0] > conv->ne[0]);
+
+        // last d_conv columns is a new conv state
+        auto * new_conv = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, bx, conv->ne[0], bx->ne[1], bx->ne[2], bx->nb[1], bx->nb[2],
+                                       (bx->ne[0] - conv->ne[0]) * ggml_element_size(bx));
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(conv, new_conv));
+
+        // write new conv conv state
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, new_conv,
+                                               ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_state, ggml_nelements(new_conv),
+                                                            kv_head * d_conv * n_embd * ggml_element_size(new_conv))));
+
+        auto * conv_kernel = model.layers[il].shortconv.conv;
+        auto * conv_out    = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, bx, conv_kernel);
+        cb(conv_out, "model.layers.{}.conv.conv", il);
+
+        auto * y = ggml_mul(ctx0, c, conv_out);
+        y        = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].shortconv.out_proj, y);
+        cb(y, "model.layers.{}.conv.out_proj", il);
+        // {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_tokens}
+        y = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, y, y->ne[0], n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+        return y;
+    };
+
+    // actual graph construction starts here
+    ggml_tensor * cur = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    cb(cur, "model.embed_tokens", -1);
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
+    inp_hybrid_type * inp_hybrid = nullptr;
+    if constexpr (iswa) {
+        inp_hybrid = build_inp_mem_hybrid_iswa();
+    } else {
+        inp_hybrid = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos     = build_inp_pos();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const bool is_moe_layer = il >= static_cast<int>(hparams.n_layer_dense_lead);
+
+        auto * prev_cur = cur;
+        cur             = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "model.layers.{}.operator_norm", il);
+
+        cur = hparams.is_recurrent(il) ? build_shortconv_block(cur, inp_hybrid->get_recr(), il) :
+                                         build_attn_block(cur, inp_pos, inp_hybrid->get_attn(), il);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            prev_cur = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, prev_cur, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, prev_cur, cur);
+
+        auto * ffn_norm_out = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(ffn_norm_out, "model.layers.{}.ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_out =
+            is_moe_layer ? build_moe_feed_forward(ffn_norm_out, il) : build_dense_feed_forward(ffn_norm_out, il);
+        cb(ffn_norm_out, "model.layers.{}.ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_out);
+    }
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+// Explicit template instantiations
+template struct llm_build_lfm2<true>;
+template struct llm_build_lfm2<false>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/llada-moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/llada-moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..18de88fde1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/llada-moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_llada_moe::llm_build_llada_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/llada.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/llada.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0dac9d616ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/llada.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_llada::llm_build_llada(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    // LLaDA is similar to LLaMA but uses non-causal attention for diffusion
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // Non-causal attention for diffusion
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute separate Q, K, V projections without bias, matching LLaDALlamaBlock
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/llama-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/llama-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67cb9a10ec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/llama-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_llama_iswa::llm_build_llama_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // temperature tuning
+    ggml_tensor * inp_attn_scale = nullptr;
+    inp_attn_scale = build_inp_attn_scale();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // This overlaps with SWA layers in current models, so get_rope_freq_base/scale may be superfluous
+        const bool use_rope = hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step > 0 &&
+                              (il + 1) % hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step != 0;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            if (use_rope) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+            } else if (inp_attn_scale) {
+                Qcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Qcur, inp_attn_scale);
+            }
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            if (use_rope && hparams.use_kq_norm) {
+                // Llama4TextL2Norm
+                Qcur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                Kcur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, Kcur, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+            }
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_inp_normed = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(ffn_inp_normed,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID,
+                    il);
+
+            // Shared experts
+            ggml_tensor * shexp_out = build_ffn(ffn_inp_normed,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(shexp_out, "ffn_moe_shexp", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, shexp_out);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out_merged", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/llama.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/llama.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e08ae0c0b0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/llama.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+template <bool embed>
+llm_build_llama<embed>::llm_build_llama(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    using inp_attn_type = std::conditional_t<embed, llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache, llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+
+    inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
+    if constexpr (embed) {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+    } else {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    }
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur, model.layers[il].wq_s);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur, model.layers[il].wk_s);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur, model.layers[il].wv_s);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            if (hparams.use_kq_norm) {
+                // Llama4TextL2Norm
+                Qcur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, Qcur, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                Kcur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, Kcur, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+            }
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            if (model.layers[il].wo_s) {
+                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].wo_s);
+            }
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_s,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_s,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, model.layers[il].ffn_down_s,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il,
+                    nullptr, nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps_s,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps_s,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps_s);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    if constexpr (!embed) {
+        // lm_head
+        cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+        res->t_logits = cur;
+    }
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+template struct llm_build_llama<false>;
+template struct llm_build_llama<true>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/maincoder.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/maincoder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a72b7790a1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/maincoder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_maincoder::llm_build_maincoder(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/mamba-base.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/mamba-base.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9de587db55f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/mamba-base.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+llm_build_mamba_base::llm_build_mamba_base(const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_mamba_base::build_mamba_layer(llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                                                         ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                                         const llama_model &  model,
+                                                         const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                                                         int                  il) {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    const auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+
+    const int64_t d_conv         = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+    const int64_t d_inner        = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+    const int64_t d_state        = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+    const int64_t dt_rank        = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+    const int64_t n_head         = d_inner;
+    const int64_t head_dim       = 1;
+    const int64_t n_seqs         = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    // Some variants of Mamba arch (e.g. FalconMamba do apply layer norm on B and Dt layers)
+    const bool    ssm_dt_b_c_rms = hparams.ssm_dt_b_c_rms;
+
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_inner % n_head == 0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+    ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all  = mctx_cur->get_s_l(il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv = build_rs(inp, conv_states_all, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+    conv               = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv, d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs);
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // {n_embd, 2*d_inner} @ {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {2*d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * xz = build_lora_mm(layer.ssm_in, cur);
+    // split the above in two
+    // => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * x  = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, xz, d_inner, xz->ne[1], xz->ne[2], xz->nb[1], xz->nb[2], 0);
+    ggml_tensor * z =
+        ggml_view_3d(ctx0, xz, d_inner, xz->ne[1], xz->ne[2], xz->nb[1], xz->nb[2], d_inner * ggml_element_size(xz));
+
+    // conv
+    {
+        // => {d_conv - 1 + n_seq_tokens, d_inner, n_seqs}
+        ggml_tensor * conv_x = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv, ggml_transpose(ctx0, x), 0);
+
+        // copy last (d_conv - 1) columns back into the state cache
+        ggml_tensor * last_conv = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_x, d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs, conv_x->nb[1], conv_x->nb[2],
+                                               n_seq_tokens * (conv_x->nb[0]));
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(
+            gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv,
+                         ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_states_all, (d_conv - 1) * (d_inner) * (n_seqs),
+                                      kv_head * (d_conv - 1) * (d_inner) *ggml_element_size(conv_states_all))));
+
+        // 1D convolution
+        // The equivalent is to make a self-overlapping view of conv_x
+        // over d_conv columns at each stride in the 3rd dimension,
+        // then element-wise multiply that with the conv1d weight,
+        // then sum the elements of each row,
+        // (the last two steps are a dot product over rows (also doable with mul_mat))
+        // then permute away the ne[0] dimension,
+        // and then you're left with the resulting x tensor.
+        // For simultaneous sequences, all sequences need to have the same length.
+        x = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_x, layer.ssm_conv1d);
+
+        // bias
+        x = ggml_add(ctx0, x, layer.ssm_conv1d_b);
+
+        x = ggml_silu(ctx0, x);
+    }
+
+    // ssm
+    {
+        // {d_inner, dt_rank + 2*d_state} @ {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {dt_rank + 2*d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        ggml_tensor * x_db = build_lora_mm(layer.ssm_x, x);
+        // split
+        ggml_tensor * dt   = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_db, dt_rank, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x_db->nb[1], x_db->nb[2], 0);
+        ggml_tensor * B =
+            ggml_view_4d(ctx0, x_db, d_state, /* n_group */ 1, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, d_state * x_db->nb[0], x_db->nb[1],
+                         x_db->nb[2], ggml_element_size(x_db) * dt_rank);
+        ggml_tensor * C =
+            ggml_view_4d(ctx0, x_db, d_state, /* n_group */ 1, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, d_state * x_db->nb[0], x_db->nb[1],
+                         x_db->nb[2], ggml_element_size(x_db) * (dt_rank + d_state));
+
+        // Some Mamba variants (e.g. FalconMamba, Jamba) apply RMS norm in B, C & Dt layers
+        if (ssm_dt_b_c_rms || (layer.ssm_dt_norm && layer.ssm_b_norm && layer.ssm_c_norm)) {
+            dt = build_norm(dt, layer.ssm_dt_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            B  = build_norm(B, layer.ssm_b_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            C  = build_norm(C, layer.ssm_c_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        }
+
+        // {dt_rank, d_inner} @ {dt_rank, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        dt = build_lora_mm(layer.ssm_dt, dt);
+        dt = ggml_add(ctx0, dt, layer.ssm_dt_b);
+
+        cur = x;
+        x   = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, x, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        ggml_tensor * A = layer.ssm_a;
+
+        // use the states and the indices provided by build_recurrent_state
+        // (this is necessary in order to properly use the states before they are overwritten,
+        //  while avoiding to make unnecessary copies of the states)
+        auto get_ssm_rows = [&](ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * states, ggml_tensor * ids) {
+            ggml_tensor * ssm = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, states, d_state, head_dim, n_head, mctx_cur->get_size());
+
+            // Custom operator to optimize the parallel associative scan
+            // as described in the Annex D of the Mamba paper.
+            // => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} and {d_state, d_inner, n_seqs}
+            return ggml_ssm_scan(ctx, ssm, x, dt, A, B, C, ids);
+        };
+
+        ggml_tensor * y_ssm = build_rs(inp, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s(), ubatch.n_seqs, get_ssm_rows);
+
+        // store last states
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(
+            gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, ggml_view_1d(ctx0, y_ssm, d_state * d_inner * n_seqs, x->nb[3] * x->ne[3]),
+                         ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, d_state * d_inner * n_seqs,
+                                      kv_head * d_state * d_inner * ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
+
+        ggml_tensor * y = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, y_ssm, d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x->nb[2], x->nb[3], 0);
+
+        // TODO: skip computing output earlier for unused tokens
+
+        y = ggml_add(ctx0, y, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.ssm_d));
+        y = ggml_swiglu_split(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, z), y);
+
+        // {d_inner, n_embd} @ {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        cur = build_lora_mm(layer.ssm_out, y);
+    }
+
+    // {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_mamba_base::build_mamba2_layer(llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                                                          ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                                          const llama_model &  model,
+                                                          const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                                                          int                  il) const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    const int64_t d_conv   = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+    const int64_t d_inner  = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+    const int64_t d_state  = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+    const int64_t n_head   = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+    const int64_t head_dim = d_inner / n_head;
+    const int64_t n_group  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_inner % n_head  == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_inner % d_state == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_inner % n_group == 0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+    ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all  = mctx_cur->get_s_l(il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv = build_rs(inp, conv_states_all, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+    conv               = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv, d_conv - 1, d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state, n_seqs);
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // d_in_proj = 2 * self.d_inner + 2 * self.ngroups * self.d_state + self.nheads
+
+    // {n_embd, d_in_proj} @ {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {d_in_proj, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * zxBCdt = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_in, cur);
+
+    // split the above in three
+    ggml_tensor * z   = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, zxBCdt, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, head_dim * zxBCdt->nb[0],
+                                     zxBCdt->nb[1], zxBCdt->nb[2], 0);
+    ggml_tensor * xBC = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, zxBCdt, d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, zxBCdt->nb[1],
+                                     zxBCdt->nb[2], d_inner * ggml_element_size(zxBCdt));
+    ggml_tensor * dt  = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, zxBCdt, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, zxBCdt->nb[1], zxBCdt->nb[2],
+                                     (2 * d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state) * ggml_element_size(zxBCdt));
+
+    // conv
+    {
+        // => {d_conv - 1 + n_seq_tokens, d_inner + 2*n_group*d_state, n_seqs}
+        ggml_tensor * conv_x = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv, ggml_transpose(ctx0, xBC), 0);
+
+        // copy last (d_conv - 1) columns back into the state cache
+        ggml_tensor * last_conv = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_x, d_conv - 1, d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state, n_seqs,
+                                               conv_x->nb[1], conv_x->nb[2], n_seq_tokens * (conv_x->nb[0]));
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv,
+                                               ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_states_all,
+                                                            (d_conv - 1) * (d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state) * (n_seqs),
+                                                            kv_head * (d_conv - 1) * (d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state) *
+                                                                ggml_element_size(conv_states_all))));
+
+        // 1D convolution
+        // The equivalent is to make a self-overlapping view of conv_x
+        // over d_conv columns at each stride in the 3rd dimension,
+        // then element-wise multiply that with the conv1d weight,
+        // then sum the elements of each row,
+        // (the last two steps are a dot product over rows (also doable with mul_mat))
+        // then permute away the ne[0] dimension,
+        // and then you're left with the resulting x tensor.
+        // For simultaneous sequences, all sequences need to have the same length.
+        xBC = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_x, model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d);
+
+        // bias
+        xBC = ggml_add(ctx0, xBC, model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d_b);
+
+        xBC = ggml_silu(ctx0, xBC);
+    }
+
+    // ssm
+    {
+        // These correspond to V K Q in SSM/attention duality
+        ggml_tensor * x = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, xBC, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, head_dim * xBC->nb[0],
+                                       xBC->nb[1], xBC->nb[2], 0);
+        ggml_tensor * B = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, xBC, d_state, n_group, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, d_state * xBC->nb[0],
+                                       xBC->nb[1], xBC->nb[2], d_inner * ggml_element_size(xBC));
+        ggml_tensor * C = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, xBC, d_state, n_group, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, d_state * xBC->nb[0],
+                                       xBC->nb[1], xBC->nb[2], (d_inner + n_group * d_state) * ggml_element_size(xBC));
+
+        // {n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        dt = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, dt), model.layers[il].ssm_dt_b);
+
+        ggml_tensor * A = model.layers[il].ssm_a;
+
+        // use the states and the indices provided by build_recurrent_state
+        // (this is necessary in order to properly use the states before they are overwritten,
+        //  while avoiding to make unnecessary copies of the states)
+        auto get_ssm_rows = [&](ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * states, ggml_tensor * ids) {
+            ggml_tensor * ssm = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, states, d_state, head_dim, n_head, mctx_cur->get_size());
+
+            // TODO: use semistructured matrices to implement state-space duality
+            // => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} and {d_state, d_inner, n_seqs}
+            return ggml_ssm_scan(ctx, ssm, x, dt, A, B, C, ids);
+        };
+
+        ggml_tensor * y_ssm = build_rs(inp, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s(), ubatch.n_seqs, get_ssm_rows);
+
+        // store last states
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(
+            gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, ggml_view_1d(ctx0, y_ssm, d_state * d_inner * n_seqs, ggml_nelements(x) * x->nb[0]),
+                         ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, d_state * d_inner * n_seqs,
+                                      kv_head * d_state * d_inner * ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
+
+        ggml_tensor * y = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, y_ssm, head_dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x->nb[1], n_head * x->nb[1],
+                                       n_seq_tokens * n_head * x->nb[1], 0);
+
+        // TODO: skip computing output earlier for unused tokens
+
+        y = ggml_add(ctx0, y, ggml_mul(ctx0, x, model.layers[il].ssm_d));
+        cb(y, "mamba2_y_add_d", il);
+        y = ggml_swiglu_split(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, z), y);
+
+        // grouped RMS norm
+        if (model.layers[il].ssm_norm) {
+            y = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, y, d_inner / n_group, n_group, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+            y = build_norm(y, model.layers[il].ssm_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        }
+
+        y = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, y, d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        // {d_inner, n_embd} @ {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_out, y);
+    }
+
+    // {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+    cb(cur, "mamba_out", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/mamba.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/mamba.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55fd2e055c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/mamba.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_mamba::llm_build_mamba(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_build_mamba_base(params) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_MAMBA2) {
+            cur = build_mamba2_layer(rs_inp, cur, model, ubatch, il);
+        } else {
+            cur = build_mamba_layer(rs_inp, cur, model, ubatch, il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // residual
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    // final rmsnorm
+    cur = build_norm(inpL, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/mimo2-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/mimo2-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06956915ea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/mimo2-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_mimo2_iswa::llm_build_mimo2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        uint32_t n_head_l    = hparams.n_head(il);
+        uint32_t n_head_kv_l = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base(cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        cur = inpL;
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_l,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head_v, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * sinks = model.layers[il].attn_sinks;
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, sinks, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_k)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+            // dense branch
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID,
+                    il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/minicpm3.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/minicpm3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..89dd7105157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/minicpm3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_minicpm3::llm_build_minicpm3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    //TODO: if the model varies, these parameters need to be read from the model
+    const int64_t n_embd_base = 256;
+    const float scale_embd  = 12.0f;
+    const float scale_depth = 1.4f;
+    const float kq_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k()));
+
+    const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();
+    const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k() - hparams.n_rot();
+
+    const uint32_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // scale the input embeddings
+    inpL = ggml_scale(ctx0, inpL, scale_embd);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_scaled", -1);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * q = NULL;
+            // {n_embd, q_lora_rank} * {n_embd, n_tokens} -> {q_lora_rank, n_tokens}
+            q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_a, cur);
+            cb(q, "q", il);
+
+            q = build_norm(q,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_q_a_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(q, "q", il);
+
+            // {q_lora_rank, n_head * hparams.n_embd_head_k()} * {q_lora_rank, n_tokens} -> {n_head * hparams.n_embd_head_k(), n_tokens}
+            q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq_b, q);
+            cb(q, "q", il);
+
+            // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * q_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k()),
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k() * n_head),
+                    0);
+            cb(q_nope, "q_nope", il);
+
+            // and {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * q_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k()),
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k() * n_head),
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
+            cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
+
+            // {n_embd, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope} * {n_embd, n_tokens} -> {kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * kv_pe_compresseed = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_a_mqa, cur);
+            cb(kv_pe_compresseed, "kv_pe_compresseed", il);
+
+            // split into {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * kv_compressed = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, kv_lora_rank, n_tokens,
+                    kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
+                    0);
+            cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
+
+            // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * k_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens,
+                    kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
+                    kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
+                    ggml_row_size(kv_pe_compresseed->type, kv_lora_rank));
+            cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
+
+            kv_compressed = build_norm(kv_compressed,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_kv_a_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
+
+            // {kv_lora_rank, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v)} * {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens} -> {n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v), n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * kv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_b, kv_compressed);
+            cb(kv, "kv", il);
+
+            // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * k_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v()),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v())),
+                    0);
+            cb(k_nope, "k_nope", il);
+
+            // and {n_head * n_embd_head_v, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * v_states = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, hparams.n_embd_head_v(), n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v())),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v())*n_head),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope)));
+            cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
+
+            v_states = ggml_cont(ctx0, v_states);
+            cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
+
+            q_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, q_pe, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+            cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
+
+            // shared RoPE key
+            k_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, k_pe, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+            cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * q_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_nope, q_pe, 0);
+            cb(q_states, "q_states", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * k_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, k_nope, ggml_repeat(ctx0, k_pe, q_pe), 0);
+            cb(k_states, "k_states", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    q_states, k_states, v_states, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // scale_res - scale the hidden states for residual connection
+        const float scale_res = scale_depth/sqrtf(float(n_layer)); // TODO: is this correct?
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, scale_res);
+        cb(cur, "hidden_scaled", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        // scale the hidden states for residual connection
+        cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, scale_res);
+        cb(cur, "hidden_scaled_ffn", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head scaling
+    const float scale_lmhead = float(n_embd_base)/float(n_embd);
+    cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, scale_lmhead);
+    cb(cur, "lmhead_scaling", -1);
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/minimax-m2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/minimax-m2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83d0916c08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/minimax-m2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_minimax_m2::llm_build_minimax_m2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    // GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot); this is wrong in case of minimax, head_dim = 128, n_rot = 64
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+    auto inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = inpL;
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/mistral3.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/mistral3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42a5117ff02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/mistral3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_mistral3::llm_build_mistral3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // (optional) temperature tuning
+    ggml_tensor * inp_attn_scale = nullptr;
+    if (hparams.f_attn_temp_scale != 0.0f) {
+        inp_attn_scale = build_inp_attn_scale();
+    }
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for llama3; may return nullptr for llama2 and other models
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            if (inp_attn_scale) {
+                // apply llama 4 temperature scaling
+                Qcur = ggml_mul(ctx0, Qcur, inp_attn_scale);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_attn_temp_scaled", il);
+            }
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network (non-MoE)
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/models.h b/examples/talk-llama/models/models.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a86b2b1ebd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/models.h
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "llama-model.h"
+#include "llama-graph.h"
+
+// note: almost all graphs require at least sqrtf, so include cmath globally
+#include <cmath>
+
+//
+// base classes
+//
+
+struct llm_build_mamba_base : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_mamba_base(const llm_graph_params & params);
+
+    virtual ~llm_build_mamba_base() = default;
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_mamba_layer(llm_graph_input_rs * inp, ggml_tensor * cur, const llama_model & model, const llama_ubatch & ubatch, int il);
+    ggml_tensor * build_mamba2_layer(llm_graph_input_rs * inp, ggml_tensor * cur, const llama_model & model, const llama_ubatch & ubatch, int il) const;
+
+};
+
+struct llm_build_delta_net_base : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_delta_net_base(const llm_graph_params & params);
+
+    virtual ~llm_build_delta_net_base() = default;
+
+    // returns pair of output and new state
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_delta_net_chunking(
+                ggml_tensor * q,
+                ggml_tensor * k,
+                ggml_tensor * v,
+                ggml_tensor * g,
+                ggml_tensor * b,
+                ggml_tensor * s,
+                        int   il);
+
+    // returns pair of output and new state
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_delta_net_autoregressive(
+                ggml_tensor * q,
+                ggml_tensor * k,
+                ggml_tensor * v,
+                ggml_tensor * g,
+                ggml_tensor * b,
+                ggml_tensor * s,
+                int           il);
+
+    // use the ggml_gated_delta_net fused operator
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_delta_net_fused(
+                ggml_tensor * q,
+                ggml_tensor * k,
+                ggml_tensor * v,
+                ggml_tensor * g,
+                ggml_tensor * b,
+                ggml_tensor * s,
+                        int   il);
+
+    // choose one of two implementations above based on the number of tokens
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_delta_net(
+                ggml_tensor * q,
+                ggml_tensor * k,
+                ggml_tensor * v,
+                ggml_tensor * g,
+                ggml_tensor * b,
+                ggml_tensor * s,
+                        int   il);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_rwkv6_base : public llm_graph_context {
+    const llama_model & model;
+
+    llm_build_rwkv6_base(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+
+    virtual ~llm_build_rwkv6_base() = default;
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv6_channel_mix(const llama_layer * layer,
+                                          ggml_tensor *       cur,
+                                          ggml_tensor *       x_prev,
+                                          llm_arch            arch) const;
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv6_time_mix(llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                                       ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                       ggml_tensor *        x_prev,
+                                       const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                                       int                  il) const;
+};
+
+// Base class for RWKV7-related models
+struct llm_build_rwkv7_base : public llm_graph_context {
+    const llama_model & model;
+
+    llm_build_rwkv7_base(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+
+    virtual ~llm_build_rwkv7_base() = default;
+
+    // RWKV7-specific graph building methods
+    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv7_channel_mix(const llama_layer * layer,
+                                          ggml_tensor *       cur,
+                                          ggml_tensor *       x_prev,
+                                          llm_arch            arch) const;
+    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv7_time_mix(llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                                       ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                       ggml_tensor *        x_prev,
+                                       ggml_tensor *&       first_layer_value,
+                                       const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                                       int                  il) const;
+};
+
+//
+// models
+//
+
+struct llm_build_afmoe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_afmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_apertus : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_apertus(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_arcee : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_arcee(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_arctic : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_arctic(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_arwkv7 : public llm_build_rwkv7_base {
+    llm_build_arwkv7(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_baichuan : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_baichuan(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_bailingmoe2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_bailingmoe2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_bailingmoe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_bailingmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_bert : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_bitnet : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_bitnet(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_bloom : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_bloom(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_chameleon : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_chameleon(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_chatglm : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_chatglm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_codeshell : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_codeshell(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_cogvlm : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_cogvlm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_cohere2_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_cohere2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_command_r : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_command_r(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_dbrx : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_dbrx(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_deci : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_deci(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_deepseek2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_deepseek2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_deepseek : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_deepseek(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_dots1 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_dots1(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_dream : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_dream(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_ernie4_5 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_ernie4_5(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_ernie4_5_moe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_ernie4_5_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_paddleocr : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_paddleocr(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+template <bool iswa>
+struct llm_build_exaone4 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_exaone4(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_exaone : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_exaone(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_exaone_moe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_exaone_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_falcon : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_falcon(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_falcon_h1 : public llm_build_mamba_base {
+    llm_build_falcon_h1(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_gemma2_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_gemma2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+template <bool iswa>
+struct llm_build_gemma3 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_gemma3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_gemma3n_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
+    const llama_model & model;
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_head;
+    const int64_t n_embd_altup;
+    const int64_t n_altup;
+    const int     i_altup_act;
+    const int     n_layer_sparsity = 10; // number of layers using activation sparsity
+    const float   f_sparsity_std_mul = 1.6448533535003662f; // std_multiplier = normal_dist.icdf(0.95)
+
+    llm_build_gemma3n_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+    ggml_tensor * calc_magnitude(ggml_tensor * x);
+    ggml_tensor * view_2d_slice(ggml_tensor * x, int idx);
+    ggml_tensor * get_per_layer_inputs();
+    ggml_tensor * project_per_layer_inputs(ggml_tensor * inputs_embeds, ggml_tensor * inp_per_layer);
+    ggml_tensor * gaussian_topk(ggml_tensor * x);
+    ggml_tensor * altup_compute_router_modalities(ggml_tensor * x, int il);
+    ggml_tensor * altup_predict(ggml_tensor * cur, int il);
+    ggml_tensor * laurel(ggml_tensor * cur, int il);
+    ggml_tensor * altup_correct(ggml_tensor * predictions, ggml_tensor * activated, int il);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_gemma_embedding : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_gemma_embedding(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_gemma : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_gemma(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_glm4 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_glm4(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_glm4_moe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_glm4_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_gpt2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_gpt2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_gptneox : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_gptneox(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_granite : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_granite(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+
+private:
+    ggml_tensor * build_attention_layer(
+              ggml_tensor             * cur,
+              ggml_tensor             * inp_pos,
+              llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+        const llama_model             & model,
+        const int64_t                 n_embd_head,
+        const int                     il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_ffn(
+              ggml_tensor       * cur,
+              ggml_tensor       * inpSA,
+        const llama_model       & model,
+        const int                 il);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_granite_hybrid : public llm_build_mamba_base {
+    llm_build_granite_hybrid(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_ffn(ggml_tensor * cur, ggml_tensor * inpSA, const llama_model & model, const int il);
+    ggml_tensor * build_attention_layer(ggml_tensor * cur, ggml_tensor * inp_pos, llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+        const llama_model & model,const int64_t n_embd_head, const int il);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_grok : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_grok(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_grovemoe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_grovemoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_hunyuan_dense : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_hunyuan_dense(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_hunyuan_moe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_hunyuan_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_internlm2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_internlm2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_jais : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_jais(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_jais2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_jais2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_jamba : public llm_build_mamba_base {
+    llm_build_jamba(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_kimi_linear : public llm_build_delta_net_base {
+    llm_build_kimi_linear(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_kda_autoregressive(
+                ggml_tensor * q,
+                ggml_tensor * k,
+                ggml_tensor * v,
+                ggml_tensor * gk,
+                ggml_tensor * beta,
+                ggml_tensor * state,
+                        int   il);
+
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_kda_chunking(
+                ggml_tensor * q,
+                ggml_tensor * k,
+                ggml_tensor * v,
+                ggml_tensor * gk,
+                ggml_tensor * beta,
+                ggml_tensor * state,
+                ggml_tensor * causal_mask,
+                ggml_tensor * identity,
+                ggml_tensor * diag_mask,
+                        int   il);
+
+    const llama_model & model;
+};
+
+template <bool iswa>
+struct llm_build_lfm2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_lfm2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_llada : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_llada(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_llada_moe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_llada_moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+template <bool embed>
+struct llm_build_llama : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_llama(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_llama_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_llama_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_maincoder : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_maincoder(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_mamba : public llm_build_mamba_base {
+    llm_build_mamba(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_mimo2_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_mimo2_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_minicpm3 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_minicpm3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_minimax_m2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_minimax_m2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_mistral3 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_mistral3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_modern_bert : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_modern_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_mpt : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_mpt(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_nemotron : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_nemotron(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_nemotron_h : public llm_build_mamba_base {
+    llm_build_nemotron_h(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+    ggml_tensor * build_ffn_layer(ggml_tensor * cur, const llama_model & model, int il);
+    ggml_tensor * build_attention_layer(ggml_tensor * cur, llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+        const llama_model & model, int64_t n_embd_head, int il);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_neo_bert : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_neo_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_eurobert : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_eurobert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+template <bool iswa>
+struct llm_build_olmo2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_olmo2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_olmoe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_olmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_olmo : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_olmo(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_openai_moe_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_openai_moe_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_openelm : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_openelm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_orion : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_orion(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_pangu_embedded : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_pangu_embedded(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_phi2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_phi2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+template<bool iswa>
+struct llm_build_phi3 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_phi3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_plamo2 : public llm_build_mamba_base {
+    llm_build_plamo2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+    private:
+        ggml_tensor * build_plamo2_mamba_layer(llm_graph_input_rs * inp, ggml_tensor * cur, const llama_model & model, const llama_ubatch & ubatch, int il);
+        ggml_tensor * build_plamo2_attn_layer(llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp, ggml_tensor * inp_pos, ggml_tensor * cur,
+                                                const llama_model & model, int il);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_plamo : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_plamo(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+template <bool iswa>
+struct llm_build_plamo3 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_plamo3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_plm : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_plm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen2moe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen2moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen2vl : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen2vl(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen3 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen3moe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen3moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen3vl : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen3vl(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen3vlmoe : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen3vlmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen3next : public llm_build_delta_net_base {
+    llm_build_qwen3next(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+private:
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_attn(
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                ggml_tensor * inp_pos,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_attn_linear(
+         llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_ffn(
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_norm_gated(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                ggml_tensor * weights,
+                ggml_tensor * gate,
+                        int   layer);
+
+    // returns pair of qkv, z
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_qkvz(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                        int   il);
+
+    const llama_model & model;
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen35 : public llm_build_delta_net_base {
+    llm_build_qwen35(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+private:
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_attn(
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                ggml_tensor * inp_pos,
+                        int * sections,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_attn_linear(
+         llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_ffn(
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_norm_gated(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                ggml_tensor * weights,
+                ggml_tensor * gate,
+                        int   layer);
+
+    // returns pair of qkv, z
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_qkvz(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                        int   il);
+
+    const llama_model & model;
+};
+
+// TODO: derive llm_build_delta_net_base instead
+struct llm_build_qwen35moe : public llm_build_delta_net_base {
+    llm_build_qwen35moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+private:
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_attn(
+    llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                ggml_tensor * inp_pos,
+                        int * sections,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_attn_linear(
+         llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_layer_ffn(
+                ggml_tensor * cur,
+                        int   il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_norm_gated(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                ggml_tensor * weights,
+                ggml_tensor * gate,
+                        int   layer);
+
+    // returns pair of qkv, z
+    std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> build_qkvz(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                        int   il);
+
+    const llama_model & model;
+};
+
+struct llm_build_qwen : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_qwen(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_refact : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_refact(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_rnd1 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_rnd1(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_rwkv6 : public llm_build_rwkv6_base {
+    llm_build_rwkv6(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_rwkv6qwen2 : public llm_build_rwkv6_base {
+    llm_build_rwkv6qwen2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_rwkv7 : public llm_build_rwkv7_base {
+    llm_build_rwkv7(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_seed_oss : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_seed_oss(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+template <bool iswa>
+struct llm_build_smallthinker : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_smallthinker(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_smollm3 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_smollm3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_stablelm : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_stablelm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_starcoder2 : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_starcoder2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_starcoder : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_starcoder(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_step35_iswa : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_step35_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_t5_dec : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_t5_dec(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_t5_enc : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_t5_enc(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
+
+struct llm_build_xverse : public llm_graph_context {
+    llm_build_xverse(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params);
+};
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/modern-bert.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/modern-bert.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26020584c6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/modern-bert.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_modern_bert::llm_build_modern_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // construct input embeddings (token, type, position)
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
+
+    // embed layer norm
+    inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.tok_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM, -1);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_norm", -1);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base(cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        cur = inpL;
+
+        // attention layer norm
+        if (model.layers[il].attn_norm) {
+            cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        }
+
+        // self attention
+        cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+        cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+        const size_t type_size = ggml_type_size(cur->type);
+
+        ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*type_size, cur->nb[1], 0*type_size*(n_embd));
+        ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*type_size, cur->nb[1], 1*type_size*(n_embd));
+        ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*type_size, cur->nb[1], 1*type_size*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+        // RoPE
+        Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+
+        Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+        cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // re-add the layer input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // attention layer norm
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_GEGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+
+        // attentions bypass the intermediate layer
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+    cb(cur, "final_norm_out", -1);
+
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/mpt.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/mpt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce44a805f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/mpt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+
+llm_build_mpt::llm_build_mpt(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * pos;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    if (model.pos_embd) {
+        // inp_pos - contains the positions
+        ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+        pos                   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos);
+        cb(pos, "pos_embd", -1);
+
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, pos);
+        cb(inpL, "inpL", -1);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * attn_norm;
+
+        attn_norm = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, model.layers[il].attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(attn_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = attn_norm;
+
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            if (model.layers[il].bqkv) {
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+            }
+
+            if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
+                cur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, cur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
+                cb(cur, "wqkv_clamped", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              cur->nb[1], 0 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float),
+                                              cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            // Q/K Layernorm
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head * n_head, n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head * n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+
+                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            }
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Add the input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed forward
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, model.layers[il].ffn_up_b, NULL,
+                NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_act, LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/nemotron-h.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/nemotron-h.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7af99174d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/nemotron-h.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_nemotron_h::llm_build_nemotron_h(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_mamba_base(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, inpL);
+
+    auto * inp = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        struct ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        if (hparams.is_recurrent(il)) {
+            // ssm layer //
+            cur = build_mamba2_layer(inp->get_recr(), cur, model, ubatch, il);
+        } else if (hparams.n_ff(il) == 0) {
+            // attention layer //
+            cur = build_attention_layer(cur, inp->get_attn(), model, n_embd_head, il);
+        } else {
+            cur = build_ffn_layer(cur, model, il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // add residual
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(cur, "nemotron_h_block_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_nemotron_h::build_attention_layer(ggml_tensor *             cur,
+                                                          llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp_attn,
+                                                          const llama_model &       model,
+                                                                int64_t             n_embd_head,
+                                                                int                 il) {
+    // compute Q and K
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+        Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+        Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+    if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+        Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+    }
+
+    Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head(il), n_tokens);
+    Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_tokens);
+    Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, hparams.n_head_kv(il), n_tokens);
+
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    const float kq_scale =
+        hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+    cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+            model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+            Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+    cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_nemotron_h::build_ffn_layer(ggml_tensor * cur, const llama_model & model, int il) {
+    if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+    } else {
+        ggml_tensor * inp_emb    = cur;
+        ggml_tensor * inp_latent = cur;
+
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_latent_down) {
+            inp_latent = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ffn_latent_down, cur);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * router_logits = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp, cur);
+        cb(router_logits, "ffn_moe_logits", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(inp_latent,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    nullptr, // no gate
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SIGMOID,
+                    il,
+                    router_logits);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_latent_up) {
+            moe_out = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ffn_latent_up, moe_out);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp = build_ffn(inp_emb,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,  NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL /* no gate */           ,  NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+    }
+
+    cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+    cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/nemotron.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/nemotron.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..34aa6fa5ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/nemotron.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_nemotron::llm_build_nemotron(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    //GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/neo-bert.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/neo-bert.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2fdf4a3692f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/neo-bert.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_neo_bert::llm_build_neo_bert(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // construct input embeddings (token, type, position)
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * cur = inpL;
+
+        // pre-norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur;
+
+            // self-attention
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            // RoPE
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // re-add the layer input
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = cur;
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // pre-norm
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,
+                NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down,
+                NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+
+        // attentions bypass the intermediate layer
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm_enc, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/olmo.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/olmo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26f4b6ee628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/olmo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_olmo::llm_build_olmo(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                NULL, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
+                Qcur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, Qcur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
+                Kcur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, Kcur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (hparams.f_clamp_kqv > 0.0f) {
+                Vcur = ggml_clamp(ctx0, Vcur, -hparams.f_clamp_kqv, hparams.f_clamp_kqv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                NULL, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            NULL, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/olmo2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/olmo2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5076359e3f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/olmo2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+template <bool iswa>
+llm_build_olmo2<iswa>::llm_build_olmo2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    using inp_attn_type = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+    inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
+
+    if constexpr (iswa) {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    } else {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = inpL;
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            const bool is_swa = hparams.is_swa(il);
+
+            if (is_swa) {
+                // For sliding window layers, Olmo3 use regular rope with no yarn rope scaling.
+                // This is achieved here by setting freq_scale and attn_factor to 1.
+                // We also set ext_factor to 0 to avoid a few unnecessary computations.
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, 1.0,
+                    0.0, 1.0, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, 1.0,
+                    0.0, 1.0, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+            } else {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+            }
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_ffn(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+// Explicit template instantiations
+template struct llm_build_olmo2<false>;
+template struct llm_build_olmo2<true>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/olmoe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/olmoe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83a56a0b3b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/olmoe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_olmoe::llm_build_olmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/openai-moe-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/openai-moe-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..403f130bc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/openai-moe-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_openai_moe_iswa::llm_build_openai_moe_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, nullptr,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_rot, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_rot, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_rot, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, model.layers[il].attn_sinks, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_rot)), il);
+
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1) {
+            // skip computing output for unused tokens
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = ffn_inp;
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, nullptr,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,  model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp_b,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps_b,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps_b,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps, model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps_b,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SWIGLU_OAI_MOE, false,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT,
+                il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/openelm.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/openelm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5df6fe3e3ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/openelm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_openelm::llm_build_openelm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const int64_t n_head    = hparams.n_head(il);
+        const int64_t n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+        const int64_t n_head_qkv = 2*n_head_kv + n_head;
+
+        cur = inpL;
+        ggml_tensor * residual = cur;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_qkv, n_tokens);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, cur->nb[1], cur->nb[2], 0);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], cur->nb[2], cur->nb[1]*n_head);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], cur->nb[2], cur->nb[1]*(n_head+n_head_kv));
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, NULL,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, NULL,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            residual = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, residual, inp_out_ids);
+            cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,      inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, cur);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/orion.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/orion.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48c01efe368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/orion.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_orion::llm_build_orion(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            // if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+            //     Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+            //     cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            // }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            // if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+            //     Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+            //     cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            // }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            // if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+            //     Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+            //     cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            // }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/paddleocr.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/paddleocr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..340455c2d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/paddleocr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_paddleocr::llm_build_paddleocr(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+
+    // NOTE: same with qwen2vl.cpp, but bias tensors are optional
+
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+        }
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1) {
+            // skip computing output for unused tokens
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL, LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/pangu-embedded.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/pangu-embedded.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1cf0938e68f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/pangu-embedded.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_pangu_embedded::llm_build_pangu_embedded(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    if (model.output_b != nullptr) {
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
+    }
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/phi2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/phi2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32d40d71fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/phi2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_phi2::llm_build_phi2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * attn_norm_output;
+    ggml_tensor * ffn_output;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        attn_norm_output = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(attn_norm_output, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
+
+            if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
+                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, attn_norm_output);
+                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+                Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+                Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+            } else {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bq);
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bk);
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bv);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            // with phi2, we scale the Q to avoid precision issues
+            // ref: https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-examples/blob/08e862336ade809bc37d1035f94b359e7d1a5152/phi2/phi2.py#L64-L66
+            Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur              = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,              cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL             = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,             inpL, inp_out_ids);
+            attn_norm_output = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, attn_norm_output, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // FF
+        {
+            ffn_output = build_ffn(attn_norm_output,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(ffn_output, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_output);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output_no_bias", -1);
+
+    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/phi3.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/phi3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d11a9459c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/phi3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+template<bool iswa>
+llm_build_phi3<iswa>::llm_build_phi3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    using inp_attn_type = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+    inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
+
+    if constexpr (iswa) {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    } else {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        auto * residual = inpL;
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // rope freq factors for 128k context
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+
+            ggml_tensor* attn_norm_output = build_norm(inpL,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(attn_norm_output, "attn_norm", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = nullptr;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = nullptr;
+
+            if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
+                cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, attn_norm_output);
+                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+                Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd));
+                Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head * sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1 * sizeof(float) * (n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+                }
+                else {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bq);
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bk);
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, attn_norm_output), model.layers[il].bv);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,      inp_out_ids);
+            residual = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, residual, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, residual);
+        residual = cur;
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE branch
+            cur = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, cur);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    if (model.output_b != nullptr) {
+        cb(cur, "result_output_no_bias", -1);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
+    }
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+// Explicit template instantiations
+template struct llm_build_phi3<false>;
+template struct llm_build_phi3<true>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7a71211042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_plamo::llm_build_plamo(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * sa_inp = cur;
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_embd_head, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_embd_head, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur    = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,    cur, inp_out_ids);
+            sa_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, sa_inp, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * sa_out = cur;
+
+        cur = sa_inp;
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, sa_out);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f02acbc1869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+llm_build_plamo2::llm_build_plamo2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_mamba_base(params) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    cb(inpL, "embedding_output", -1);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_hybrid = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * residual = inpL;
+
+        // ggml_graph_add_node(gf, model.layers[il].attn_norm);
+        // cb(model.layers[il].attn_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // pre_mixer_norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+
+        // check if this layer is Mamba or Attention
+        const bool is_mamba_layer = hparams.is_recurrent(il);
+
+        if (is_mamba_layer) {
+            // PLaMo-2 Mamba layer
+            cur = build_plamo2_mamba_layer(inp_hybrid->get_recr(), cur, model, ubatch, il);
+        } else {
+            // PLaMo-2 Attention layer
+            cur = build_plamo2_attn_layer(inp_hybrid->get_attn(), inp_pos, cur, model, il);
+        }
+
+        // post_mixer_norm
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        // residual connection
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, residual);
+        cb(cur, "attn_residual", il);
+        residual = cur;
+
+        // pre-ffn norm
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_pre_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        // post ffn norm
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", il);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            residual = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, residual, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // residual connection
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, residual);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_residual", il);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // final norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+
+    // Explicitly mark as output tensor to ensure proper backend assignment
+    ggml_set_output(cur);
+
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_plamo2::build_plamo2_attn_layer(llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp,
+                                                        ggml_tensor *             inp_pos,
+                                                        ggml_tensor *             cur,
+                                                        const llama_model &       model,
+                                                        int                       il) {
+    // self-attention
+    {
+        // PLaMo-2 uses combined QKV tensor
+        ggml_tensor * qkv = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+        cb(qkv, "wqkv", il);
+
+        // split QKV tensor into Q, K, V
+        const int64_t n_embd_head_q = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+        const int64_t n_embd_head_k = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+        const int64_t n_embd_head_v = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+        int32_t       n_head        = hparams.n_head(il);
+        int32_t       n_head_kv     = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+
+        const int64_t q_offset = 0;
+        const int64_t k_offset = n_embd_head_q * n_head;
+        const int64_t v_offset = k_offset + n_embd_head_k * n_head_kv;
+
+        ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head_q, n_head, n_tokens, n_embd_head_q * sizeof(float),
+                                          qkv->nb[1], q_offset * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+        ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head_k, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head_k * sizeof(float),
+                                          qkv->nb[1], k_offset * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+        ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head_v, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head_v * sizeof(float),
+                                          qkv->nb[1], v_offset * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+        Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+        Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                             ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+        Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+        Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                             ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+        cur = build_attn(inp,
+            model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+            Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_v)), il);
+    }
+
+    cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_plamo2::build_plamo2_mamba_layer(llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                                                         ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                                         const llama_model &  model,
+                                                         const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                                                         int                  il) {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    const int64_t d_conv   = hparams.ssm_d_conv;
+    const int64_t d_inner  = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+    const int64_t d_state  = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+    const int64_t n_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+    const int64_t head_dim = d_inner / n_heads;
+    const int64_t n_group  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_inner % n_head == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_group == 0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+    ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all  = mctx_cur->get_s_l(il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv = build_rs(inp, conv_states_all, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+    conv               = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv, d_conv - 1, d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state, n_seqs);
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // in_proj: {n_embd, 2*d_inner} @ {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {2*d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * zx = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_in, cur);
+    cb(zx, "mamba_in_proj", il);
+    // {8192, 5, 1, 1} -> {8192, 1, 5, 1}
+    zx = ggml_permute(ctx0, zx, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+    zx = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, zx, head_dim * 2, n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(zx, "mamba_in_proj_out", il);
+
+    // split into z and x
+    // => {head_dim * n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    ggml_tensor * x = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, zx, head_dim, n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, zx->nb[1], zx->nb[2], zx->nb[3],
+                                   head_dim * ggml_element_size(zx));
+    x               = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, x, head_dim * n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    // x = ggml_permute(ctx0, x, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+    cb(x, "mamba_x_split", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * z =
+        ggml_view_4d(ctx0, zx, head_dim, n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, zx->nb[1], zx->nb[2], zx->nb[3], 0);
+    cb(z, "mamba_z_split", il);
+
+    // conv1d
+    {
+        // => {d_conv - 1 + n_seq_tokens, d_inner, n_seqs}
+        ggml_tensor * conv_x = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv, ggml_transpose(ctx0, x), 0);
+        cb(conv_x, "mamba_conv1d_input", il);
+
+        // copy last (d_conv - 1) columns back into the state cache
+        ggml_tensor * last_conv = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_x, d_conv - 1, d_inner, n_seqs, conv_x->nb[1], conv_x->nb[2],
+                                               n_seq_tokens * (conv_x->nb[0]));
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv,
+                                               ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_states_all,
+                                                            (d_conv - 1) * (d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state) * (n_seqs),
+                                                            kv_head * (d_conv - 1) * (d_inner + 2 * n_group * d_state) *
+                                                                ggml_element_size(conv_states_all))));
+        cb(conv_states_all, "mamba_conv1d_state", il);
+
+        // 1D convolution
+        x = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_x, model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d);
+        cb(x, "mamba_conv1d", il);
+
+        x = ggml_silu(ctx0, x);
+        cb(x, "mamba_conv1d_silu", il);
+    }
+
+    // SSM
+    {
+        // bcdt_proj: {d_inner, dt_rank + 2*d_state} @ {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {dt_rank + 2*d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        ggml_tensor * x_bcdt = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_x, x);
+        cb(x_bcdt, "mamba_bcdt_proj", il);
+
+        // split into dt, B, C
+        const int64_t dt_dim = std::max(64, int(hparams.n_embd / 16));
+        ggml_tensor * B  = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_bcdt, d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x_bcdt->nb[1], x_bcdt->nb[2], 0);
+        ggml_tensor * C  = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_bcdt, d_state, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x_bcdt->nb[1], x_bcdt->nb[2],
+                                        ggml_element_size(x_bcdt) * d_state);
+        ggml_tensor * dt = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_bcdt, dt_dim, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, x_bcdt->nb[1], x_bcdt->nb[2],
+                                        ggml_element_size(x_bcdt) * (2 * d_state));
+        cb(B, "mamba_B_raw", il);
+        cb(C, "mamba_C_raw", il);
+        cb(dt, "mamba_dt_raw", il);
+
+        // Apply RMS norm to dt, B, C (PLaMo-2 specific)
+        B  = build_norm(B, model.layers[il].ssm_b_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        C  = build_norm(C, model.layers[il].ssm_c_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        dt = build_norm(dt, model.layers[il].ssm_dt_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(B, "mamba_B_normed", il);
+        cb(C, "mamba_C_normed", il);
+        cb(dt, "mamba_dt_normed", il);
+
+        // dt_proj: {dt_rank, d_inner} @ {dt_rank, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        dt = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_dt, dt);
+        dt = ggml_add(ctx0, dt, model.layers[il].ssm_dt_b);
+        cb(dt, "mamba_dt_proj", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * A = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, model.layers[il].ssm_a, 1, n_heads);
+        cb(A, "mamba_A", il);
+
+        x = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, x, head_dim, n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, head_dim * ggml_element_size(x),
+                         head_dim * n_heads * ggml_element_size(x),
+                         head_dim * n_heads * n_seq_tokens * ggml_element_size(x), 0);
+        B = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, B, d_state, 1, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, d_state * B->nb[0], B->nb[1], B->nb[2], 0);
+        C = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, C, d_state, 1, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, d_state * C->nb[0], C->nb[1], C->nb[2], 0);
+
+        // use the states and the indices provided by build_recurrent_state
+        // (this is necessary in order to properly use the states before they are overwritten,
+        //  while avoiding to make unnecessary copies of the states)
+        auto get_ssm_rows = [&](ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * states, ggml_tensor * ids) {
+            ggml_tensor * ssm = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, states, d_state, head_dim, n_heads, mctx_cur->get_size());
+
+            // Custom operator to optimize the parallel associative scan
+            // as described in the Annex D of the Mamba paper.
+            // => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} and {d_state, d_inner, n_seqs}
+            return ggml_ssm_scan(ctx, ssm, x, dt, A, B, C, ids);
+        };
+
+        ggml_tensor * y_ssm = build_rs(inp, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s(), ubatch.n_seqs, get_ssm_rows);
+        cb(y_ssm, "mamba_ssm_scan", il);
+
+        // store last states
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(
+            gf, ggml_cpy(
+                    ctx0,
+                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, y_ssm, n_heads * head_dim * d_state * n_seqs,
+                                 n_heads * head_dim * n_seq_tokens * n_seqs * ggml_element_size(y_ssm)),
+                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, n_heads * head_dim * d_state * n_seqs,
+                                 kv_head * n_seqs * n_heads * head_dim * d_state * ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
+        cb(ssm_states_all, "mamba_ssm_states", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * y = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, y_ssm, head_dim, n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+                                       head_dim * ggml_element_size(x), head_dim * n_heads * ggml_element_size(x),
+                                       head_dim * n_heads * n_seq_tokens * ggml_element_size(x), 0);
+        cb(y, "mamba_y_view", il);
+
+        // Add D parameter and apply gating with z
+        // {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} * {d_inner} => {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        ggml_tensor * D = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, model.layers[il].ssm_d, 1, n_heads);
+        y               = ggml_add(ctx0, y, ggml_mul(ctx0, x, D));
+        cb(y, "mamba_y_add_d", il);
+
+        y = ggml_swiglu_split(ctx0, ggml_cont(ctx0, z), y);
+        cb(y, "mamba_y_swiglu_z", il);
+
+        // out_proj: {d_inner, n_embd} @ {d_inner, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+        y   = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, y, head_dim * n_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, y->nb[2], y->nb[3], 0);
+        cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_out, y);
+        cb(cur, "mamba_out_proj", il);
+    }
+
+    // {n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs} => {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, cur->ne[0], n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+    cb(cur, "mamba_out", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo3.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32af6e04663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/plamo3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+template <bool iswa>
+llm_build_plamo3<iswa>::llm_build_plamo3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t head_dim_q = hparams.n_embd_head_k();
+    const int64_t head_dim_v = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    using inp_attn_type = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+    inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
+
+    if constexpr (iswa) {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    } else {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * residual = inpL;
+
+        float freq_base_l  = 0.0f;
+        float freq_scale_l = 0.0f;
+        if constexpr (iswa) {
+            freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+            freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+        } else {
+            freq_base_l  = freq_base;
+            freq_scale_l = freq_scale;
+        }
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * qkv = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+        cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+        const int32_t n_head    = hparams.n_head(il);
+        const int32_t n_head_kv = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+
+        const int64_t q_offset = 0;
+        const int64_t k_offset = head_dim_q * n_head;
+        const int64_t v_offset = k_offset + head_dim_q * n_head_kv;
+
+        ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, head_dim_q, n_head, n_tokens,
+                head_dim_q * sizeof(float), qkv->nb[1], q_offset * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+        ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, head_dim_q, n_head_kv, n_tokens,
+                head_dim_q * sizeof(float), qkv->nb[1], k_offset * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+        ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, head_dim_v, n_head_kv, n_tokens,
+                head_dim_v * sizeof(float), qkv->nb[1], v_offset * ggml_element_size(qkv));
+
+        cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+        cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+        cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+        Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(Qcur, "attn_q_norm", il);
+        Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(Kcur, "attn_k_norm", il);
+
+        Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+        Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+        const float attn_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(float(head_dim_q));
+
+        cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, attn_scale, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            residual = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, residual, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, residual);
+        cb(cur, "attn_residual", il);
+
+        residual = cur;
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,                      NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SWIGLU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].ffn_post_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_post_norm", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, residual);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_residual", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+// Explicit template instantiations
+template struct llm_build_plamo3<false>;
+template struct llm_build_plamo3<true>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/plm.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/plm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bcb651ce543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/plm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_plm::llm_build_plm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const float kq_scale = 1.0f/sqrtf(float(hparams.n_embd_head_k()));
+
+    const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_rope = hparams.n_rot();
+    const uint32_t n_embd_head_qk_nope = hparams.n_embd_head_k() - hparams.n_rot();
+
+    const uint32_t kv_lora_rank = hparams.n_lora_kv;
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    // {n_embd, n_tokens}
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * q = NULL;
+            q = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(q, "q", il);
+
+            // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * q_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k()),
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k() * n_head),
+                    0);
+            cb(q_nope, "q_nope", il);
+
+            // and {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * q_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, q, n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k()),
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, hparams.n_embd_head_k() * n_head),
+                    ggml_row_size(q->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope));
+            cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
+
+            // {n_embd, kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope} * {n_embd, n_tokens} -> {kv_lora_rank + n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * kv_pe_compresseed = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_a_mqa, cur);
+            cb(kv_pe_compresseed, "kv_pe_compresseed", il);
+
+            // split into {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * kv_compressed = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, kv_lora_rank, n_tokens,
+                    kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
+                    0);
+            cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
+
+            // and {n_embd_head_qk_rope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * k_pe = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv_pe_compresseed, n_embd_head_qk_rope, 1, n_tokens,
+                    kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
+                    kv_pe_compresseed->nb[1],
+                    ggml_row_size(kv_pe_compresseed->type, kv_lora_rank));
+            cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
+
+            kv_compressed = build_norm(kv_compressed,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_kv_a_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(kv_compressed, "kv_compressed", il);
+
+            // {kv_lora_rank, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v)} * {kv_lora_rank, n_tokens} -> {n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + n_embd_head_v), n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * kv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wkv_b, kv_compressed);
+            cb(kv, "kv", il);
+
+            // split into {n_head * n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * k_nope = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, n_embd_head_qk_nope, n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v()),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, n_head * (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v())),
+                    0);
+            cb(k_nope, "k_nope", il);
+
+            // and {n_head * n_embd_head_v, n_tokens}
+            ggml_tensor * v_states = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, kv, hparams.n_embd_head_v(), n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v())),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope + hparams.n_embd_head_v())*n_head),
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, (n_embd_head_qk_nope)));
+            cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
+
+            v_states = ggml_cont(ctx0, v_states);
+            cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
+
+            v_states = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, v_states, hparams.n_embd_head_v() * n_head, n_tokens,
+                    ggml_row_size(kv->type, hparams.n_embd_head_v() * n_head),
+                    0);
+            cb(v_states, "v_states", il);
+
+            q_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, q_pe, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+            cb(q_pe, "q_pe", il);
+
+            // shared RoPE key
+            k_pe = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, k_pe, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+            cb(k_pe, "k_pe", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * q_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, q_nope, q_pe, 0);
+            cb(q_states, "q_states", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * k_states = ggml_concat(ctx0, k_nope, ggml_repeat(ctx0, k_pe, q_pe), 0);
+            cb(k_states, "k_states", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    q_states, k_states, v_states, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7390f1320bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+
+llm_build_qwen::llm_build_qwen(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+            cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 2*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+
+            // using mode = 2 for neox mode
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward forward
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..58c10622508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen2::llm_build_qwen2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    if (model.output_b != nullptr) {
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
+    }
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..60761789dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen2moe::llm_build_qwen2moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, false,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        // FFN shared expert
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * cur_gate_inp = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp_shexp, cur);
+            cb(cur_gate_inp, "ffn_shexp_gate_inp", il);
+
+            // sigmoid
+            ggml_tensor * cur_gate = ggml_div(ctx0, ggml_silu(ctx0, cur_gate_inp), cur_gate_inp);
+            cb(cur_gate, "ffn_shexp_gate", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * cur_ffn = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur_ffn, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp_out = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur_ffn, cur_gate);
+            cb(ffn_shexp_out, "ffn_shexp_out", il);
+
+            moe_out = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp_out);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_out", il);
+
+            cur = moe_out;
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2vl.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2vl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9004bab9db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen2vl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen2vl::llm_build_qwen2vl(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..52081668477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen3::llm_build_qwen3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur, model.layers[il].wq_s);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur, model.layers[il].wk_s);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur, model.layers[il].wv_s);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            if (model.layers[il].wo_s) {
+                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].wo_s);
+            }
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_up_s,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_s,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_down_s,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen35.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen35.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3108bf331ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen35.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen35::llm_build_qwen35(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_delta_net_base(params), model(model) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    cb(inpL, "model.input_embed", -1);
+
+    auto * inp = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos     = build_inp_pos();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
+        // Determine layer type and build appropriate attention mechanism
+        if (hparams.is_recurrent(il)) {
+            // Linear attention layer (gated delta net)
+            cur = build_layer_attn_linear(inp->get_recr(), cur, il);
+        } else {
+            // Full attention layer
+            cur = build_layer_attn(inp->get_attn(), cur, inp_pos, sections, il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Residual connection
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(cur, "attn_residual", il);
+
+        // Save the tensor before post-attention norm for residual connection
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_residual = cur;
+
+        // Post-attention norm
+        ggml_tensor * attn_post_norm = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(attn_post_norm, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        // Dense FFN layer - without residual connection
+        cur = build_layer_ffn(attn_post_norm, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        // Residual connection for FFN - add to the tensor from before post_attention_layernorm
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_residual);
+        cb(cur, "post_ffn", il);
+
+        // Input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // Final norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // LM head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> llm_build_qwen35::build_qkvz(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                        int   il) {
+    const int64_t n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    ggml_tensor * qkv_mixed = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, input, model.layers[il].wqkv_s);
+    qkv_mixed = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, qkv_mixed, qkv_mixed->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(qkv_mixed, "linear_attn_qkv_mixed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * z = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv_gate, input, model.layers[il].wqkv_gate_s);
+    cb(z, "z", il);
+
+    return { qkv_mixed, z };
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35::build_norm_gated(
+        ggml_tensor * input,
+        ggml_tensor * weights,
+        ggml_tensor * gate,
+        int           layer) {
+    ggml_tensor * normalized = build_norm(input, weights, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, layer);
+    ggml_tensor * gated_silu = ggml_silu(ctx0, gate);
+
+    return ggml_mul(ctx0, normalized, gated_silu);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35::build_layer_attn(
+        llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp,
+        ggml_tensor *             cur,
+        ggml_tensor *             inp_pos,
+        int *                     sections,
+        int                       il) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    // Order: joint QG projection, QG split, Q norm, KV projection, K norm, RoPE, attention
+
+    // Qwen3Next uses a single Q projection that outputs query + gate
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur_full = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur, model.layers[il].wq_s); // [ (n_embd_head * 2) * n_head, n_tokens ]
+    cb(Qcur_full, "Qcur_full", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Qcur_full, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2 * n_head, 0);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_reshaped", il);
+
+    // Apply Q normalization
+    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur, model.layers[il].wk_s);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur, model.layers[il].wv_s);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    // Apply K normalization
+    Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Qcur_full, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2 * n_head,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head);
+    gate = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, gate, n_embd_head * n_head, n_tokens);
+    cb(gate, "gate_reshaped", il);
+
+    Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+    // Apply MRoPE
+    Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+
+    Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    // Attention computation
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    cur = build_attn(inp,
+                nullptr, nullptr,
+                Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+    cb(cur, "attn_pregate", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate_sigmoid = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, gate);
+    cb(gate_sigmoid, "gate_sigmoid", il);
+
+    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, gate_sigmoid);
+    cb(cur, "attn_gated", il);
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur, model.layers[il].wo_s);
+    cb(cur, "attn_output", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35::build_layer_attn_linear(
+        llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+        ggml_tensor *        cur,
+        int                  il) {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
+
+    const int64_t d_inner      = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+    const int64_t n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const int64_t head_k_dim   = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+    const int64_t num_k_heads  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+    const int64_t num_v_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+    const int64_t head_v_dim   = d_inner / num_v_heads;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    // Input projections
+    auto qkvz = build_qkvz(cur, il);
+    ggml_tensor * qkv_mixed = qkvz.first;
+    ggml_tensor * z         = qkvz.second;
+
+    ggml_tensor * beta = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_beta, cur, model.layers[il].ssm_beta_s);
+    beta = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, beta, 1, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(beta, "beta", il);
+
+    beta = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, beta);
+
+    ggml_tensor * alpha = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_alpha, cur, model.layers[il].ssm_alpha_s);
+    alpha = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, alpha, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(alpha, "alpha", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * alpha_biased   = ggml_add(ctx0, alpha, model.layers[il].ssm_dt);
+    ggml_tensor * alpha_softplus = ggml_softplus(ctx0, alpha_biased);
+    cb(alpha_softplus, "a_softplus", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate = ggml_mul(ctx0, alpha_softplus, model.layers[il].ssm_a);  // -A_log.exp() * softplus
+    cb(gate, "gate", il);
+
+    gate = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, gate, 1, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Get convolution states from cache
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+    ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all  = mctx_cur->get_s_l(il);
+
+    // Build the convolution states tensor
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states = build_rs(inp, conv_states_all, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+    cb(conv_states, "conv_states", il);
+
+    // Calculate convolution kernel size
+    ggml_tensor * conv_kernel      = model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d;
+    const int64_t conv_kernel_size = conv_kernel->ne[0];
+    const int64_t conv_channels    = d_inner + 2 * hparams.ssm_n_group * hparams.ssm_d_state;
+
+    conv_states = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv_states, conv_kernel_size - 1, conv_channels, n_seqs);
+    cb(conv_states, "conv_states_reshaped", il);
+
+    qkv_mixed = ggml_transpose(ctx0, qkv_mixed);
+    cb(qkv_mixed, "qkv_mixed_transposed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_input = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv_states, qkv_mixed, 0);
+    cb(conv_input, "conv_input", il);
+
+    // Update convolution state cache
+    // Extract the last (conv_kernel_size - 1) states from conv_input
+    ggml_tensor * last_conv_states =
+        ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_input, conv_kernel_size - 1, conv_channels, n_seqs, conv_input->nb[1],
+                     conv_input->nb[2], (conv_input->ne[0] - conv_states->ne[0]) * ggml_element_size(conv_input));
+    cb(last_conv_states, "last_conv_states", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * state_update_target =
+        ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_states_all, (conv_kernel_size - 1) * conv_channels * n_seqs,
+                     kv_head * (conv_kernel_size - 1) * conv_channels * ggml_element_size(conv_states_all));
+    cb(state_update_target, "state_update_target", il);
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv_states, state_update_target));
+
+    ggml_tensor * state = build_rs(inp, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
+    state = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, state, head_v_dim, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seqs);
+    cb(state, "state_predelta", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_output_proper = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_input, conv_kernel);
+    cb(conv_output_proper, "conv_output_raw", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_output_silu = ggml_silu(ctx0, conv_output_proper);
+    cb(conv_output_silu, "conv_output_silu", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_qkv_mix = conv_output_silu;
+
+    // Calculate the total conv dimension
+    int64_t qkv_dim = head_k_dim * num_k_heads * 2 + head_v_dim * num_v_heads;
+    int64_t nb1_qkv = ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, qkv_dim);
+
+    // Extract the convolved Q, K, V from conv_output
+    ggml_tensor * q_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_k_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * k_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_k_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            head_k_dim * num_k_heads * ggml_element_size(conv_qkv_mix));
+
+    ggml_tensor * v_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_v_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, 2 * head_k_dim * num_k_heads));
+
+    cb(q_conv, "q_conv", il);
+    cb(k_conv, "k_conv", il);
+    cb(v_conv, "v_conv", il);
+
+    const float eps_norm = hparams.f_norm_rms_eps;
+
+    q_conv = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, q_conv, eps_norm);
+    k_conv = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, k_conv, eps_norm);
+
+    //q_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, q_conv, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    //k_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, k_conv, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    //v_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, v_conv, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // if head keys and value keys are different, repeat to force tensors into matching shapes
+    // note: need explicit repeat only if we are not using the fused GDN
+    if (num_k_heads != num_v_heads && (!cparams.fused_gdn_ar || !cparams.fused_gdn_ch)) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(num_v_heads % num_k_heads == 0);
+        q_conv = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, q_conv, head_k_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+        k_conv = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, k_conv, head_k_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    }
+
+    cb(q_conv, "q_conv_predelta", il);
+    cb(k_conv, "k_conv_predelta", il);
+    cb(v_conv, "v_conv_predelta", il);
+
+    auto attn_out = build_delta_net(q_conv, k_conv, v_conv, gate, beta, state, il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * output    = attn_out.first;
+    ggml_tensor * new_state = attn_out.second;
+    cb(output, "attn_output", il);
+    cb(new_state, "new_state", il);
+
+    // Update the recurrent states
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
+            ggml_cpy(ctx0, new_state,
+                ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
+                    kv_head * hparams.n_embd_s() * ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
+
+    // z: [head_dim, n_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [n_heads * n_tokens * n_seqs, head_dim]
+    ggml_tensor * z_2d = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, z, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Apply gated normalization: self.norm(core_attn_out, z)
+    ggml_tensor * attn_out_norm = build_norm_gated(output, model.layers[il].ssm_norm, z_2d, il);
+
+    // Final reshape: [head_dim, n_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [n_tokens, n_seqs, n_heads * head_dim]
+    ggml_tensor * final_output = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, attn_out_norm, head_v_dim * num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(final_output, "final_output", il);
+
+    // Output projection
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_out, final_output, model.layers[il].ssm_out_s);
+    cb(cur, "linear_attn_out", il);
+
+    // Reshape back to original dimensions
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35::build_layer_ffn(ggml_tensor * cur, const int il) {
+    // Qwen3.5 does not use MoE FFN
+    GGML_ASSERT(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr);
+
+    cur = build_ffn(cur,
+        model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_up_s,
+        model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_s,
+        model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_down_s,
+        NULL,
+        LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+    cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen35moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen35moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..165e2412e56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen35moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen35moe::llm_build_qwen35moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_delta_net_base(params), model(model) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    cb(inpL, "model.input_embed", -1);
+
+    auto * inp = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos     = build_inp_pos();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
+        // Determine layer type and build appropriate attention mechanism
+        if (hparams.is_recurrent(il)) {
+            // Linear attention layer (gated delta net)
+            cur = build_layer_attn_linear(inp->get_recr(), cur, il);
+        } else {
+            // Full attention layer
+            cur = build_layer_attn(inp->get_attn(), cur, inp_pos, sections, il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Residual connection
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(cur, "attn_residual", il);
+
+        // Save the tensor before post-attention norm for residual connection
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_residual = cur;
+
+        // Post-attention norm
+        ggml_tensor * attn_post_norm = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(attn_post_norm, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        // MOE FFN layer
+        cur = build_layer_ffn(attn_post_norm, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        // Residual connection for FFN - add to the tensor from before post_attention_layernorm
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_residual);
+        cb(cur, "post_moe", il);
+
+        // Input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // Final norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // LM head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> llm_build_qwen35moe::build_qkvz(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                        int   il) {
+    const int64_t n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    ggml_tensor * qkv_mixed = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, input, model.layers[il].wqkv_s);
+    qkv_mixed = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, qkv_mixed, qkv_mixed->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(qkv_mixed, "linear_attn_qkv_mixed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * z = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv_gate, input, model.layers[il].wqkv_gate_s);
+    cb(z, "z", il);
+
+    return { qkv_mixed, z };
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35moe::build_norm_gated(
+        ggml_tensor * input,
+        ggml_tensor * weights,
+        ggml_tensor * gate,
+        int           layer) {
+    ggml_tensor * normalized = build_norm(input, weights, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, layer);
+    ggml_tensor * gated_silu = ggml_silu(ctx0, gate);
+
+    return ggml_mul(ctx0, normalized, gated_silu);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35moe ::build_layer_attn(
+        llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp,
+        ggml_tensor *             cur,
+        ggml_tensor *             inp_pos,
+        int *                     sections,
+        int                       il) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    // Order: joint QG projection, QG split, Q norm, KV projection, K norm, RoPE, attention
+
+    // Qwen3Next uses a single Q projection that outputs query + gate
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur_full = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur, model.layers[il].wq_s); // [ (n_embd_head * 2) * n_head, n_tokens ]
+    cb(Qcur_full, "Qcur_full", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Qcur_full, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2 * n_head, 0);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_reshaped", il);
+
+    // Apply Q normalization
+    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur, model.layers[il].wk_s);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur, model.layers[il].wv_s);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    // Apply K normalization
+    Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, Qcur_full, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head * 2 * n_head,
+        ggml_element_size(Qcur_full) * n_embd_head);
+    gate = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, gate, n_embd_head * n_head, n_tokens);
+    cb(gate, "gate_reshaped", il);
+
+    Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+    // Apply IMRoPE
+    Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+
+    Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+            n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    // Attention computation
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    cur = build_attn(inp,
+                nullptr, nullptr,
+                Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+    cb(cur, "attn_pregate", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate_sigmoid = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, gate);
+    cb(gate_sigmoid, "gate_sigmoid", il);
+
+    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, gate_sigmoid);
+    cb(cur, "attn_gated", il);
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur, model.layers[il].wo_s);
+    cb(cur, "attn_output", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35moe ::build_layer_attn_linear(
+        llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+        ggml_tensor *        cur,
+        int                  il) {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
+
+    const int64_t d_inner      = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+    const int64_t n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const int64_t head_k_dim   = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+    const int64_t num_k_heads  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+    const int64_t num_v_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+    const int64_t head_v_dim   = d_inner / num_v_heads;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    // Input projections
+    auto qkvz = build_qkvz(cur, il);
+    ggml_tensor * qkv_mixed = qkvz.first;
+    ggml_tensor * z         = qkvz.second;
+
+    ggml_tensor * beta = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_beta, cur, model.layers[il].ssm_beta_s);
+    beta = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, beta, 1, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(beta, "beta", il);
+
+    beta = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, beta);
+
+    ggml_tensor * alpha = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_alpha, cur, model.layers[il].ssm_alpha_s);
+    alpha = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, alpha, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(alpha, "alpha", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * alpha_biased   = ggml_add(ctx0, alpha, model.layers[il].ssm_dt);
+    ggml_tensor * alpha_softplus = ggml_softplus(ctx0, alpha_biased);
+    cb(alpha_softplus, "a_softplus", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate = ggml_mul(ctx0, alpha_softplus, model.layers[il].ssm_a);  // -A_log.exp() * softplus
+    cb(gate, "gate", il);
+
+    gate = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, gate, 1, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Get convolution states from cache
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+    ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all  = mctx_cur->get_s_l(il);
+
+    // Build the convolution states tensor
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states = build_rs(inp, conv_states_all, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+    cb(conv_states, "conv_states", il);
+
+    // Calculate convolution kernel size
+    ggml_tensor * conv_kernel      = model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d;
+    const int64_t conv_kernel_size = conv_kernel->ne[0];
+    const int64_t conv_channels    = d_inner + 2 * hparams.ssm_n_group * hparams.ssm_d_state;
+
+    conv_states = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv_states, conv_kernel_size - 1, conv_channels, n_seqs);
+    cb(conv_states, "conv_states_reshaped", il);
+
+    qkv_mixed = ggml_transpose(ctx0, qkv_mixed);
+    cb(qkv_mixed, "qkv_mixed_transposed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_input = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv_states, qkv_mixed, 0);
+    cb(conv_input, "conv_input", il);
+
+    // Update convolution state cache
+    // Extract the last (conv_kernel_size - 1) states from conv_input
+    ggml_tensor * last_conv_states =
+        ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_input, conv_kernel_size - 1, conv_channels, n_seqs, conv_input->nb[1],
+                     conv_input->nb[2], (conv_input->ne[0] - conv_states->ne[0]) * ggml_element_size(conv_input));
+    cb(last_conv_states, "last_conv_states", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * state_update_target =
+        ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_states_all, (conv_kernel_size - 1) * conv_channels * n_seqs,
+                     kv_head * (conv_kernel_size - 1) * conv_channels * ggml_element_size(conv_states_all));
+    cb(state_update_target, "state_update_target", il);
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv_states, state_update_target));
+
+    ggml_tensor * state = build_rs(inp, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
+    state = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, state, head_v_dim, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seqs);
+    cb(state, "state_predelta", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_output_proper = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_input, conv_kernel);
+    cb(conv_output_proper, "conv_output_raw", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_output_silu = ggml_silu(ctx0, conv_output_proper);
+    cb(conv_output_silu, "conv_output_silu", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_qkv_mix = conv_output_silu;
+
+    // Calculate the total conv dimension
+    int64_t qkv_dim = head_k_dim * num_k_heads * 2 + head_v_dim * num_v_heads;
+    int64_t nb1_qkv = ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, qkv_dim);
+
+    // Extract the convolved Q, K, V from conv_output
+    ggml_tensor * q_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_k_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * k_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_k_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            head_k_dim * num_k_heads * ggml_element_size(conv_qkv_mix));
+
+    ggml_tensor * v_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_v_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, 2 * head_k_dim * num_k_heads));
+
+    cb(q_conv, "q_conv", il);
+    cb(k_conv, "k_conv", il);
+    cb(v_conv, "v_conv", il);
+
+    const float eps_norm = hparams.f_norm_rms_eps;
+
+    q_conv = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, q_conv, eps_norm);
+    k_conv = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, k_conv, eps_norm);
+
+    //q_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, q_conv, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    //k_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, k_conv, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    //v_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, v_conv, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // if head keys and value keys are different, repeat to force tensors into matching shapes
+    // note: need explicit repeat only if we are not using the fused GDN
+    if (num_k_heads != num_v_heads && (!cparams.fused_gdn_ar || !cparams.fused_gdn_ch)) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(num_v_heads % num_k_heads == 0);
+        q_conv = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, q_conv, head_k_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+        k_conv = ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, k_conv, head_k_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    }
+
+    cb(q_conv, "q_conv_predelta", il);
+    cb(k_conv, "k_conv_predelta", il);
+    cb(v_conv, "v_conv_predelta", il);
+
+    auto attn_out = build_delta_net(q_conv, k_conv, v_conv, gate, beta, state, il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * output    = attn_out.first;
+    ggml_tensor * new_state = attn_out.second;
+    cb(output, "attn_output", il);
+    cb(new_state, "new_state", il);
+
+    // Update the recurrent states
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
+            ggml_cpy(ctx0, new_state,
+                ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
+                    kv_head * hparams.n_embd_s() * ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
+
+    // z: [head_dim, n_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [n_heads * n_tokens * n_seqs, head_dim]
+    ggml_tensor * z_2d = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, z, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Apply gated normalization: self.norm(core_attn_out, z)
+    ggml_tensor * attn_out_norm = build_norm_gated(output, model.layers[il].ssm_norm, z_2d, il);
+
+    // Final reshape: [head_dim, n_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [n_tokens, n_seqs, n_heads * head_dim]
+    ggml_tensor * final_output = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, attn_out_norm, head_v_dim * num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(final_output, "final_output", il);
+
+    // Output projection
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_out, final_output, model.layers[il].ssm_out_s);
+    cb(cur, "linear_attn_out", il);
+
+    // Reshape back to original dimensions
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen35moe ::build_layer_ffn(ggml_tensor * cur, const int il) {
+    // Check if this is an MoE layer
+    GGML_ASSERT(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp != nullptr);
+
+    ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+        build_moe_ffn(cur,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+            nullptr,
+            n_expert, n_expert_used,
+            LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+            hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+            LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX, il,
+            nullptr, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_up_exps,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps_s,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps_s,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps_s);
+    cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+    // Add shared experts if present - following Qwen3Next reference implementation
+    if (model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp != nullptr) {
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+            build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp_s,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp_s,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp_s,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+        // Apply shared expert gating as in the reference implementation
+        // The shared expert has its own gate that is sigmoided
+        // Note: ffn_gate_inp_shexp is the shared expert gate (outputs 1 value per token)
+        ggml_tensor * shared_gate = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp_shexp, cur);
+        cb(shared_gate, "shared_expert_gate", il);
+
+        // Apply sigmoid to the gate
+        shared_gate = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, shared_gate);
+        cb(shared_gate, "shared_expert_gate_sigmoid", il);
+
+
+        // Apply the gate to the shared expert output
+        ffn_shexp = ggml_mul(ctx0, ffn_shexp, shared_gate);
+        cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp_gated", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+    } else {
+        cur = moe_out;
+    }
+
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dba46618ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen3moe::llm_build_qwen3moe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur, model.layers[il].wq_s);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur, model.layers[il].wk_s);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur, model.layers[il].wv_s);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+            if (model.layers[il].wo_s) {
+                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].wo_s);
+            }
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il,
+                    nullptr, nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps_s,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps_s,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps_s);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        cur = moe_out;
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3next.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3next.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc479dd075c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3next.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen3next::llm_build_qwen3next(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_delta_net_base(params), model(model) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    cb(inpL, "model.embed_tokens", -1);
+
+    auto * inp = build_inp_mem_hybrid();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos     = build_inp_pos();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
+        // Determine layer type and build appropriate attention mechanism
+        if (hparams.is_recurrent(il)) {
+            // Linear attention layer (gated delta net)
+            cur = build_layer_attn_linear(inp->get_recr(), cur, il);
+        } else {
+            // Full attention layer
+            cur = build_layer_attn(inp->get_attn(), cur, inp_pos, il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // Residual connection
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(cur, "attn_residual", il);
+
+        // Save the tensor before post-attention norm for residual connection
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_residual = cur;
+
+        // Post-attention norm
+        ggml_tensor * attn_post_norm = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(attn_post_norm, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        // FFN layer (MoE or dense) - without residual connection
+        cur = build_layer_ffn(attn_post_norm, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        // Residual connection for FFN - add to the tensor from before post_attention_layernorm
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_residual);
+        cb(cur, "post_moe", il);
+
+        // Input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    // Final norm
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // LM head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+// utility to get one slice from the third dimension
+// input dim:  [x, y, c, b]
+// output dim: [x, y, 1, b]
+static ggml_tensor * get_slice_2d(ggml_context * ctx0, ggml_tensor * t, int64_t c) {
+    return ggml_view_4d(ctx0, t, t->ne[0], t->ne[1], 1, t->ne[3],
+        t->nb[1], t->nb[2], t->nb[3], t->nb[2] * c);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen3next::build_norm_gated(
+        ggml_tensor * input,
+        ggml_tensor * weights,
+        ggml_tensor * gate,
+        int           layer) {
+    ggml_tensor * normalized = build_norm(input, weights, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, layer);
+    ggml_tensor * gated_silu = ggml_silu(ctx0, gate);
+
+    return ggml_mul(ctx0, normalized, gated_silu);
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen3next::build_layer_attn(
+        llm_graph_input_attn_kv * inp,
+        ggml_tensor *             cur,
+        ggml_tensor *             inp_pos,
+        int                       il) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    // Order: joint QG projection, QG split, Q norm, KV projection, K norm, RoPE, attention
+
+    // Qwen3Next uses a single Q projection that outputs query + gate
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur_full = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+    cb(Qcur_full, "Qcur_full", il);
+
+    Qcur_full = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Qcur_full, n_embd_head * 2, n_head, n_tokens, 1);
+
+    // Split Q projection into query and gate
+    // The split should be along dimension 0 (the feature dimension)
+    ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, Qcur_full, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens, 1,
+                                            Qcur_full->nb[1], Qcur_full->nb[2], Qcur_full->nb[3], 0);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_view", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate =
+        ggml_view_4d(ctx0, Qcur_full, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens, 1,
+                     Qcur_full->nb[1], Qcur_full->nb[2], Qcur_full->nb[3], n_embd_head * ggml_element_size(Qcur_full));
+    cb(gate, "gate", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+    Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+    Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+    Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+    Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+            ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+            ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+    Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+            ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+            n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base,
+            freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+    cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+    cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+    cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    cur = build_attn(inp,
+                nullptr, nullptr,
+                Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+    cb(cur, "attn_pregate", il);
+
+    // TODO: CUDA is missing non-contiguous unary ops. when implemented: remove this cont
+    gate = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, gate, n_embd_head * n_head, n_tokens);
+
+    gate = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, gate);
+    cb(gate, "gate_sigmoid", il);
+
+    gate = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, gate, n_embd_head * n_head, n_tokens);
+
+    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, gate);
+    cb(cur, "attn_gated", il);
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, cur);
+    cb(cur, "attn_output", il);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+std::pair<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> llm_build_qwen3next::build_qkvz(
+                ggml_tensor * input,
+                        int   il) {
+    const int64_t d_inner      = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+    const int64_t n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const int64_t head_k_dim   = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+    const int64_t num_k_heads  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+    const int64_t num_v_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+    const int64_t head_v_dim   = d_inner / num_v_heads;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
+        // optimized path
+        ggml_tensor * qkv_mixed = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, input);
+        qkv_mixed = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, qkv_mixed, qkv_mixed->ne[0], n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+        cb(qkv_mixed, "linear_attn_qkv_mixed", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * z = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv_gate, input);
+        cb(z, "z", il);
+
+        return { qkv_mixed, z };
+    } else {
+        // legacy (slower) path
+        ggml_tensor * mixed_qkvz = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_in, input);
+        cb(mixed_qkvz, "linear_attn_mixed_qkvz", il);
+
+        int64_t       qkvz_new_dim        = 2 * head_k_dim + 2 * head_v_dim * (num_v_heads / num_k_heads);
+        ggml_tensor * mixed_qkvz_reshaped = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, mixed_qkvz, qkvz_new_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        // Split mixed_qkvz into query, key, value, z
+        int64_t split_sizes_qkvz[4] = {
+            head_k_dim,                              // query size
+            head_k_dim,                              // key size
+            head_v_dim * num_v_heads / num_k_heads,  // value size
+            head_v_dim * num_v_heads / num_k_heads   // z size
+        };
+
+        ggml_tensor * query =
+            ggml_view_4d(ctx0, mixed_qkvz_reshaped, split_sizes_qkvz[0], num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+                        mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[1], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[2], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[3], 0);
+        cb(query, "q", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * key = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, mixed_qkvz_reshaped, split_sizes_qkvz[1], num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+                                        mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[1], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[2], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[3],
+                                        split_sizes_qkvz[0] * ggml_element_size(mixed_qkvz_reshaped));
+        cb(key, "k", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * value =
+            ggml_view_4d(ctx0, mixed_qkvz_reshaped, split_sizes_qkvz[2], num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+                        mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[1], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[2], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[3],
+                        (split_sizes_qkvz[0] + split_sizes_qkvz[1]) * ggml_element_size(mixed_qkvz_reshaped));
+        cb(value, "v", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * z = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, mixed_qkvz_reshaped, split_sizes_qkvz[3], num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+                                    mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[1], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[2], mixed_qkvz_reshaped->nb[3],
+                                    (split_sizes_qkvz[0] + split_sizes_qkvz[1] + split_sizes_qkvz[2]) * ggml_element_size(mixed_qkvz_reshaped));
+        z = ggml_cont(ctx0, z);
+        cb(z, "z", il);
+
+        // After creating query, key, and value_reshaped, reshape each to flatten the head dimensions
+        // query: [head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [head_k_dim * num_k_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * query_flat = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, query, head_k_dim * num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+        cb(query_flat, "query_flat", il);
+
+        // key: [head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [head_k_dim * num_k_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * key_flat = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, key, head_k_dim * num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+        cb(key_flat, "key_flat", il);
+
+        // value_reshaped: [head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [head_v_dim * num_v_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * value_flat = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, value, head_v_dim * num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+        cb(value_flat, "value_flat", il);
+
+        // Now concatenate along the feature dimension (dim 0) to get [conv_dim, n_tokens, n_seqs]
+        ggml_tensor * qkv_mixed = ggml_concat(ctx0, query_flat, key_flat, 0);
+        qkv_mixed               = ggml_concat(ctx0, qkv_mixed, value_flat, 0);
+        cb(qkv_mixed, "qkv_mixed", il);
+
+        return { qkv_mixed, z };
+    }
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen3next::build_layer_attn_linear(
+        llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+        ggml_tensor *        cur,
+        int                  il) {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = inp->mctx;
+
+    const int64_t d_inner      = hparams.ssm_d_inner;
+    const int64_t n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const int64_t head_k_dim   = hparams.ssm_d_state;
+    const int64_t num_k_heads  = hparams.ssm_n_group;
+    const int64_t num_v_heads  = hparams.ssm_dt_rank;
+    const int64_t head_v_dim   = d_inner / num_v_heads;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_seqs != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.equal_seqs());
+    GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.n_tokens == n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    // Input projections
+    auto qkvz = build_qkvz(cur, il);
+    ggml_tensor * qkv_mixed = qkvz.first;
+    ggml_tensor * z         = qkvz.second;
+
+    ggml_tensor * mixed_ba = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_beta_alpha, cur);
+    cb(mixed_ba, "linear_attn_mixed_ba", il);
+
+    // Reshape mixed_ba: [batch, seq_len, hidden_size] -> [batch, seq_len, num_k_heads, 2*num_v_heads/num_k_heads]
+    int64_t       ba_new_dim        = 2 * num_v_heads / num_k_heads;
+    ggml_tensor * mixed_ba_reshaped = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, mixed_ba, ba_new_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Split mixed_ba into b and a (beta and alpha parameters)
+    int64_t split_sizes_ba[2] = {
+        num_v_heads / num_k_heads,  // beta size
+        num_v_heads / num_k_heads   // alpha size
+    };
+
+    ggml_tensor * b = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, mixed_ba_reshaped, split_sizes_ba[0], num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+                                   mixed_ba_reshaped->nb[1], mixed_ba_reshaped->nb[2], mixed_ba_reshaped->nb[3], 0);
+    cb(b, "b", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * a = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, mixed_ba_reshaped, split_sizes_ba[1], num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+                                   mixed_ba_reshaped->nb[1], mixed_ba_reshaped->nb[2], mixed_ba_reshaped->nb[3],
+                                   split_sizes_ba[0] * ggml_element_size(mixed_ba_reshaped));
+    cb(a, "a", il);
+
+    // TODO: CUDA is missing non-contiguous unary ops. when implemented: remove this cont
+    b = ggml_cont(ctx0, b);
+
+    ggml_tensor * beta = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, b);
+
+    // Reshape a to merge head dimensions: [batch, seq_len, num_k_heads, num_v_heads/num_k_heads] -> [batch, seq_len, num_v_heads]
+    ggml_tensor * alpha = ggml_cont_3d(ctx0, a, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    ggml_tensor * alpha_biased   = ggml_add(ctx0, alpha, model.layers[il].ssm_dt);
+    ggml_tensor * alpha_softplus = ggml_softplus(ctx0, alpha_biased);
+    cb(alpha_softplus, "a_softplus", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * gate = ggml_mul(ctx0, alpha_softplus, model.layers[il].ssm_a);  // -A_log.exp() * softplus
+    cb(gate, "gate", il);
+
+    beta = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, beta, 1, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    gate = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, gate, 1, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Get convolution states from cache
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states_all = mctx_cur->get_r_l(il);
+    ggml_tensor * ssm_states_all  = mctx_cur->get_s_l(il);
+
+    // Build the convolution states tensor
+    ggml_tensor * conv_states = build_rs(inp, conv_states_all, hparams.n_embd_r(), n_seqs);
+    cb(conv_states, "conv_states", il);
+
+    // Calculate convolution kernel size
+    ggml_tensor * conv_kernel      = model.layers[il].ssm_conv1d;
+    const int64_t conv_kernel_size = conv_kernel->ne[0];
+    const int64_t conv_channels    = d_inner + 2 * hparams.ssm_n_group * hparams.ssm_d_state;
+
+    conv_states = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, conv_states, conv_kernel_size - 1, conv_channels, n_seqs);
+    cb(conv_states, "conv_states_reshaped", il);
+
+    qkv_mixed = ggml_transpose(ctx0, qkv_mixed);
+    cb(qkv_mixed, "qkv_mixed_transposed", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_input = ggml_concat(ctx0, conv_states, qkv_mixed, 0);
+    cb(conv_input, "conv_input", il);
+
+    // Update convolution state cache
+    // Extract the last (conv_kernel_size - 1) states from conv_input
+    ggml_tensor * last_conv_states =
+        ggml_view_3d(ctx0, conv_input, conv_kernel_size - 1, conv_channels, n_seqs, conv_input->nb[1],
+                     conv_input->nb[2], (conv_input->ne[0] - conv_states->ne[0]) * ggml_element_size(conv_input));
+    cb(last_conv_states, "last_conv_states", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * state_update_target =
+        ggml_view_1d(ctx0, conv_states_all, (conv_kernel_size - 1) * conv_channels * n_seqs,
+                     kv_head * (conv_kernel_size - 1) * conv_channels * ggml_element_size(conv_states_all));
+    cb(state_update_target, "state_update_target", il);
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, last_conv_states, state_update_target));
+
+    ggml_tensor * state = build_rs(inp, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
+    state = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, state, head_v_dim, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seqs);
+    cb(state, "state_predelta", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_output_proper = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, conv_input, conv_kernel);
+    cb(conv_output_proper, "conv_output_raw", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_output_silu = ggml_silu(ctx0, conv_output_proper);
+    cb(conv_output_silu, "conv_output_silu", il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * conv_qkv_mix = conv_output_silu;
+
+    // Calculate the total conv dimension
+    int64_t qkv_dim = head_k_dim * num_k_heads * 2 + head_v_dim * num_v_heads;
+    int64_t nb1_qkv = ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, qkv_dim);
+
+    // Extract the convolved Q, K, V from conv_output
+    ggml_tensor * q_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_k_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            0);
+
+    ggml_tensor * k_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_k_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            head_k_dim * num_k_heads * ggml_element_size(conv_qkv_mix));
+
+    ggml_tensor * v_conv = ggml_view_4d(ctx0, conv_qkv_mix, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, head_v_dim),
+            nb1_qkv,
+            nb1_qkv * n_seq_tokens,
+            ggml_row_size(conv_qkv_mix->type, 2 * head_k_dim * num_k_heads));
+
+    cb(q_conv, "q_conv", il);
+    cb(k_conv, "k_conv", il);
+    cb(v_conv, "v_conv", il);
+
+    const float eps_norm = hparams.f_norm_rms_eps;
+
+    q_conv = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, q_conv, eps_norm);
+    k_conv = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, k_conv, eps_norm);
+
+    //q_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, q_conv, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    //k_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, k_conv, head_k_dim, num_k_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    //v_conv = ggml_cont_4d(ctx0, v_conv, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // if head keys and value keys are different, repeat to force tensors into matching shapes
+    // TODO: avoid repeats for fused GDN, needs broadcast configuration for GDN op [TAG_GGML_GDN_BCAST]
+    if (num_k_heads != num_v_heads) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(num_v_heads % num_k_heads == 0);
+        int64_t repeat_factor = num_v_heads / num_k_heads;
+
+        // repeat interleave: reshape to (repeat part, 1, remaining part), do repeat, then reshape back
+        ggml_tensor * q_reshaped = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, q_conv, head_k_dim, 1, num_k_heads * n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+        ggml_tensor * k_reshaped = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, k_conv, head_k_dim, 1, num_k_heads * n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+        // Repeat along the third dimension (the new dimension with size 1)
+        ggml_tensor * q_repeated =
+            ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, q_reshaped, head_k_dim, repeat_factor, num_k_heads * n_seq_tokens * n_seqs, 1);
+        ggml_tensor * k_repeated =
+            ggml_repeat_4d(ctx0, k_reshaped, head_k_dim, repeat_factor, num_k_heads * n_seq_tokens * n_seqs, 1);
+
+        // Reshape back to merge the head and repeat dimensions
+        // From [head_dim, num_k_heads, repeat_factor, n_seq_tokens * n_seqs]
+        // Back to [head_dim, num_k_heads * repeat_factor, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs]
+        q_conv = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, q_repeated, head_k_dim, num_k_heads * repeat_factor, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+        k_conv = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, k_repeated, head_k_dim, num_k_heads * repeat_factor, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    }
+
+    cb(q_conv, "q_conv_predelta", il);
+    cb(k_conv, "k_conv_predelta", il);
+    cb(v_conv, "v_conv_predelta", il);
+
+    auto attn_out = build_delta_net(q_conv, k_conv, v_conv, gate, beta, state, il);
+
+    ggml_tensor * output    = attn_out.first;
+    ggml_tensor * new_state = attn_out.second;
+    cb(output, "attn_output", il);
+    cb(new_state, "new_state", il);
+
+    // Update the recurrent states
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf,
+            ggml_cpy(ctx0, new_state,
+                ggml_view_1d(ctx0, ssm_states_all, hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
+                    kv_head * hparams.n_embd_s() * ggml_element_size(ssm_states_all))));
+
+    // z: [head_dim, n_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [n_heads * n_tokens * n_seqs, head_dim]
+    ggml_tensor * z_2d = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, z, head_v_dim, num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+    // Apply gated normalization: self.norm(core_attn_out, z)
+    ggml_tensor * attn_out_norm = build_norm_gated(output, model.layers[il].ssm_norm, z_2d, il);
+
+    // Final reshape: [head_dim, n_heads, n_tokens, n_seqs] -> [n_tokens, n_seqs, n_heads * head_dim]
+    ggml_tensor * final_output = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, attn_out_norm, head_v_dim * num_v_heads, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+    cb(final_output, "final_output", il);
+
+    // Output projection
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ssm_out, final_output);
+    cb(cur, "linear_attn_out", il);
+
+    // Reshape back to original dimensions
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_seq_tokens * n_seqs);
+
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_qwen3next::build_layer_ffn(ggml_tensor * cur, const int il) {
+    // Check if this is an MoE layer
+    if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp != nullptr) {
+        // MoE branch
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                nullptr,
+                n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX, il,
+                nullptr, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_up_exps);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+        // Add shared experts if present - following Qwen3Next reference implementation
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp != nullptr) {
+            ggml_tensor * ffn_shexp =
+                build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp", il);
+
+            // Apply shared expert gating as in the reference implementation
+            // The shared expert has its own gate that is sigmoided
+            // Note: ffn_gate_inp_shexp is the shared expert gate (outputs 1 value per token)
+            ggml_tensor * shared_gate = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp_shexp, cur);
+            cb(shared_gate, "shared_expert_gate", il);
+
+            shared_gate = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, shared_gate);
+            cb(shared_gate, "shared_expert_gate_sigmoid", il);
+
+            ffn_shexp = ggml_mul(ctx0, ffn_shexp, shared_gate);
+            cb(ffn_shexp, "ffn_shexp_gated", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, ffn_shexp);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            cur = moe_out;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Dense FFN branch (not currently used I believe)
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_up, NULL, NULL,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+            model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+            NULL,
+            LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+    }
+    return cur;
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3vl-moe.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3vl-moe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..195daea66c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3vl-moe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen3vlmoe::llm_build_qwen3vlmoe(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const size_t n_deepstack_layers = hparams.n_deepstack_layers;
+
+    const int64_t n_embd      = hparams.n_embd;
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        cur = moe_out;
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        if (il < (int) n_deepstack_layers) {
+            ggml_tensor * ds = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, res->t_inp_embd, n_embd, n_tokens, res->t_inp_embd->nb[1], (il + 1) * n_embd * sizeof(float));
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ds);
+            cb(cur, "deepstack_out", il);
+        }
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3vl.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3vl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbd5f42ba5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/qwen3vl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_qwen3vl::llm_build_qwen3vl(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const size_t n_deepstack_layers = hparams.n_deepstack_layers;
+
+    const int64_t n_embd      = hparams.n_embd;
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    int sections[4];
+    std::copy(std::begin(hparams.rope_sections), std::begin(hparams.rope_sections) + 4, sections);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_multi(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, sections, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        if (il < (int) n_deepstack_layers) {
+            ggml_tensor * ds = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, res->t_inp_embd, n_embd, n_tokens, res->t_inp_embd->nb[1], (il + 1) * n_embd * sizeof(float));
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ds);
+            cb(cur, "deepstack_out", il);
+        }
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/refact.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/refact.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..140700d9e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/refact.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_refact::llm_build_refact(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/rnd1.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/rnd1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8e1f43400f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/rnd1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+// RND1 is a Qwen3Moe AR model converted to diffusion model.
+llm_build_rnd1::llm_build_rnd1(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    // Non-causal attention for diffusion
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * moe_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_SOFTMAX,
+                    il);
+        cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+        cur = moe_out;
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6-base.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6-base.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83aeab7280b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6-base.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+llm_build_rwkv6_base::llm_build_rwkv6_base(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params),
+    model(model) {}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_rwkv6_base::build_rwkv6_channel_mix(const llama_layer * layer,
+                                                            ggml_tensor *       cur,
+                                                            ggml_tensor *       x_prev,
+                                                            llm_arch            arch) const {
+    ggml_tensor * sx = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
+    switch (arch) {
+        case LLM_ARCH_RWKV6:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * xk = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer->channel_mix_lerp_k), cur);
+                ggml_tensor * xr = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer->channel_mix_lerp_r), cur);
+
+                ggml_tensor * r = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_receptance, xr));
+                ggml_tensor * k = ggml_sqr(ctx0, ggml_relu(ctx0, build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_key, xk)));
+                cur             = ggml_mul(ctx0, r, build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_value, k));
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_rwkv6_base::build_rwkv6_time_mix(llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                                                         ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                                         ggml_tensor *        x_prev,
+                                                         const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                                                         int                  il) const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(mctx);
+
+    const auto n_tokens     = ubatch.n_tokens;
+    const auto n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+    const auto n_embd       = hparams.n_embd;
+    const auto head_size    = hparams.wkv_head_size;
+    const auto n_head       = n_embd / head_size;
+    const auto n_head_kv    = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    const auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+
+    bool is_qrwkv = layer.time_mix_first == nullptr;
+
+    ggml_tensor * sx = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
+
+    sx  = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, sx, n_embd, n_tokens);
+    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
+
+    ggml_tensor * xxx = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer.time_mix_lerp_x), cur);
+
+    xxx = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, ggml_tanh(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_w1, xxx)),
+                          layer.time_mix_w1->ne[1] / 5, 1, 5, n_tokens);
+
+    xxx = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, xxx, 0, 1, 3, 2));
+
+    xxx = ggml_mul_mat(
+        ctx0, ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, layer.time_mix_w2, layer.time_mix_w2->ne[0], layer.time_mix_w2->ne[1], 1, 5), xxx);
+
+    ggml_tensor *xw, *xk, *xv, *xr, *xg;
+    if (layer.time_mix_lerp_fused) {
+        // fusing these weights makes some performance improvement
+        sx  = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, sx, n_embd, 1, n_tokens);
+        cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, 1, n_tokens);
+        xxx = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xxx, layer.time_mix_lerp_fused), sx), cur);
+        xw  = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], 0);
+        xk  = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
+        xv  = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 2 * sizeof(float));
+        xr  = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 3 * sizeof(float));
+        xg  = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 4 * sizeof(float));
+    } else {
+        // for backward compatibility
+        xw = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], 0);
+        xk = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
+        xv = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 2 * sizeof(float));
+        xr = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 3 * sizeof(float));
+        xg = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 4 * sizeof(float));
+
+        xw = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xw, layer.time_mix_lerp_w), sx), cur);
+        xk = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xk, layer.time_mix_lerp_k), sx), cur);
+        xv = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xv, layer.time_mix_lerp_v), sx), cur);
+        xr = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xr, layer.time_mix_lerp_r), sx), cur);
+        xg = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, xg, layer.time_mix_lerp_g), sx), cur);
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * r = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_receptance, xr);
+    ggml_tensor * k = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_key, xk);
+    ggml_tensor * v = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_value, xv);
+    if (layer.time_mix_receptance_b) {
+        r = ggml_add(ctx0, r, layer.time_mix_receptance_b);
+    }
+    if (layer.time_mix_key_b) {
+        k = ggml_add(ctx0, k, layer.time_mix_key_b);
+    }
+    if (layer.time_mix_value_b) {
+        v = ggml_add(ctx0, v, layer.time_mix_value_b);
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * g = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_gate, xg);
+    if (is_qrwkv) {
+        g = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, g);
+    } else {
+        g = ggml_silu(ctx0, g);
+    }
+    if (n_head_kv != 0 && n_head_kv != n_head) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_head % n_head_kv == 0);
+        k                 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, k, head_size, 1, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+        v                 = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, v, head_size, 1, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+        ggml_tensor * tmp = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, head_size, n_head / n_head_kv, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+        k                 = ggml_repeat(ctx0, k, tmp);
+        v                 = ggml_repeat(ctx0, v, tmp);
+    }
+    k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, k, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
+    v = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, v, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
+    r = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, r, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
+
+    ggml_tensor * w =
+        ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_decay_w2, ggml_tanh(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_decay_w1, xw)));
+
+    w = ggml_add(ctx0, w, layer.time_mix_decay);
+    w = ggml_exp(ctx0, ggml_neg(ctx0, ggml_exp(ctx0, w)));
+    w = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, w, head_size, n_head, n_tokens);
+
+    if (is_qrwkv) {
+        // k = k * (1 - w)
+        k = ggml_sub(ctx0, k, ggml_mul(ctx0, k, w));
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * wkv_state = build_rs(inp, mctx_cur->get_s_l(il), hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
+
+    ggml_tensor * wkv_output;
+    if (is_qrwkv) {
+        wkv_output = ggml_gated_linear_attn(ctx0, k, v, r, w, wkv_state, pow(head_size, -0.5f));
+    } else {
+        wkv_output = ggml_rwkv_wkv6(ctx0, k, v, r, layer.time_mix_first, w, wkv_state);
+    }
+    cur       = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * n_tokens, 0);
+    wkv_state = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * head_size * n_seqs, n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(
+        gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, wkv_state,
+                     ggml_view_1d(ctx0, mctx_cur->get_s_l(il), hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
+                                  hparams.n_embd_s() * kv_head * ggml_element_size(mctx_cur->get_s_l(il)))));
+
+    if (!is_qrwkv) {
+        // group norm with head_count groups
+        cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd / n_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+        cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, 64e-5f);
+
+        // Convert back to regular vectors.
+        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.time_mix_ln), layer.time_mix_ln_b);
+    } else {
+        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
+    }
+    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, g);
+    cur = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_output, cur);
+
+    return ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15453fbf50f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_rwkv6::llm_build_rwkv6(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_rwkv6_base(model, params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.token_shift_count == 2);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.tok_norm, model.tok_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
+
+    const auto n_embd       = hparams.n_embd;
+    const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+    const auto n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
+        inpL                      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, ubatch, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * att_shift =
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1], token_shift->nb[2], 0);
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1],
+                                               token_shift->nb[2], n_embd * ggml_element_size(token_shift));
+
+        ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
+            ctx0, att_shift,
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0), 1);
+
+        cur = build_rwkv6_time_mix(rs_inp, att_norm, x_prev, ubatch, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_norm = build_norm(ffn_inp, layer->attn_norm_2, layer->attn_norm_2_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(ffn_norm, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        x_prev = ggml_concat(
+            ctx0, ffn_shift,
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2], 0), 1);
+
+        token_shift = ggml_concat(ctx0,
+                                  ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2],
+                                               (n_seq_tokens - 1) * n_embd * ggml_element_size(att_norm)),
+                                  ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2],
+                                               (n_seq_tokens - 1) * n_embd * ggml_element_size(ffn_norm)),
+                                  1);
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
+
+        ffn_inp  = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp, n_embd, n_tokens);
+        ffn_norm = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_tokens);
+        x_prev   = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, x_prev, n_embd, n_tokens);
+        cur      = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            ffn_inp  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
+            ffn_norm = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_norm, inp_out_ids);
+            x_prev   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, x_prev, inp_out_ids);
+            cur      = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = build_rwkv6_channel_mix(layer, ffn_norm, x_prev, LLM_ARCH_RWKV6);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        if (hparams.rescale_every_n_layers != 0 && (il + 1) % hparams.rescale_every_n_layers == 0) {
+            cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, 0.5F);
+        }
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6qwen2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6qwen2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e84e5973820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv6qwen2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_rwkv6qwen2::llm_build_rwkv6qwen2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_build_rwkv6_base(model, params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd == hparams.n_embd_r());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
+
+    const auto n_embd = hparams.n_embd;
+    const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+    const auto n_seqs = ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
+        inpL = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, ubatch, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
+                ctx0,
+                token_shift,
+                ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0),
+                1
+                );
+
+        cur = build_rwkv6_time_mix(rs_inp, att_norm, x_prev, ubatch, il);
+
+        token_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(att_norm));
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur     = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur,     n_embd, n_tokens);
+        ffn_inp = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp, n_embd, n_tokens);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur     = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur,     inp_out_ids);
+            ffn_inp = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv7-base.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv7-base.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7fcab77745c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv7-base.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+#include "llama-memory-recurrent.h"
+
+llm_build_rwkv7_base::llm_build_rwkv7_base(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_graph_context(params),
+    model(model) {}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_rwkv7_base::build_rwkv7_channel_mix(const llama_layer * layer,
+                                                            ggml_tensor *       cur,
+                                                            ggml_tensor *       x_prev,
+                                                            llm_arch            arch) const {
+    ggml_tensor * sx = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
+    switch (arch) {
+        case LLM_ARCH_RWKV7:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * xk = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer->channel_mix_lerp_k), cur);
+
+                ggml_tensor * k = ggml_sqr(ctx0, ggml_relu(ctx0, build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_key, xk)));
+
+                cur = build_lora_mm(layer->channel_mix_value, k);
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+    return cur;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * llm_build_rwkv7_base::build_rwkv7_time_mix(llm_graph_input_rs * inp,
+                                                         ggml_tensor *        cur,
+                                                         ggml_tensor *        x_prev,
+                                                         ggml_tensor *&       first_layer_value,
+                                                         const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
+                                                         int                  il) const {
+    const auto * mctx_cur = static_cast<const llama_memory_recurrent_context *>(mctx);
+
+    const auto n_tokens     = ubatch.n_tokens;
+    const auto n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+    const auto n_embd       = hparams.n_embd;
+    const auto head_size    = hparams.wkv_head_size;
+    const auto head_count   = n_embd / head_size;
+    const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    const auto kv_head = mctx_cur->get_head();
+
+    const auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+
+    bool has_gating = layer.time_mix_g1 && layer.time_mix_g2;
+
+    ggml_tensor * sx    = ggml_sub(ctx0, x_prev, cur);
+    ggml_tensor * dummy = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs, has_gating ? 6 : 5);
+    sx                  = ggml_repeat(ctx0, sx, dummy);
+
+    ggml_tensor * xxx = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, sx, layer.time_mix_lerp_fused), cur);
+
+    ggml_tensor * xr = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], 0);
+    ggml_tensor * xw = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
+    ggml_tensor * xk = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 2 * sizeof(float));
+    ggml_tensor * xv = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 3 * sizeof(float));
+    ggml_tensor * xa = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 4 * sizeof(float));
+    ggml_tensor * xg =
+        has_gating ? ggml_view_2d(ctx0, xxx, n_embd, n_tokens, xxx->nb[1], n_embd * n_tokens * 5 * sizeof(float)) :
+                     nullptr;
+
+    ggml_tensor * r = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_receptance, xr);
+    ggml_tensor * w = ggml_add(
+        ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_w2, ggml_tanh(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_w1, xw))),
+        layer.time_mix_w0);
+    w = ggml_exp(ctx0, ggml_scale(ctx0, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, w), -0.606531));
+
+    ggml_tensor * k = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_key, xk);
+    ggml_tensor * v = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_value, xv);
+    if (first_layer_value == nullptr) {
+        first_layer_value = v;
+    } else {
+        // Add the first layer value as a residual connection.
+        v = ggml_add(ctx0, v,
+                     ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_sub(ctx0, first_layer_value, v),
+                              ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0,
+                                                          ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_v2,
+                                                                       ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_v1, xv)),
+                                                          layer.time_mix_v0))));
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * g = nullptr;
+    if (layer.time_mix_g1 && layer.time_mix_g2) {
+        g = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_g2, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_g1, xg)));
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * a = ggml_sigmoid(
+        ctx0, ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_a2, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, layer.time_mix_a1, xa)),
+                       layer.time_mix_a0));
+
+    ggml_tensor * kk = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, k, layer.time_mix_k_k), head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
+    kk               = ggml_l2_norm(ctx0, kk, 1e-12);
+
+    ggml_tensor * ka = ggml_mul(ctx0, k, layer.time_mix_k_a);
+    k                = ggml_add(ctx0, k, ggml_sub(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, a, ka), ka));
+
+    r = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, r, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
+    w = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, w, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
+    k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, k, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
+    v = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, v, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
+    a = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, a, head_size, head_count, n_tokens);
+
+    ggml_tensor * wkv_state = build_rs(inp, mctx_cur->get_s_l(il), hparams.n_embd_s(), n_seqs);
+
+    ggml_tensor * wkv_output = ggml_rwkv_wkv7(ctx0, r, w, k, v, ggml_neg(ctx0, kk), ggml_mul(ctx0, kk, a), wkv_state);
+    cur                      = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * n_tokens, 0);
+    wkv_state = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, wkv_output, n_embd * head_size * n_seqs, n_embd * n_tokens * sizeof(float));
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(
+        gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, wkv_state,
+                     ggml_view_1d(ctx0, mctx_cur->get_s_l(il), hparams.n_embd_s() * n_seqs,
+                                  hparams.n_embd_s() * kv_head * ggml_element_size(mctx_cur->get_s_l(il)))));
+
+    if (layer.time_mix_ln && layer.time_mix_ln_b) {
+        // group norm with head_count groups
+        cur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd / head_count, head_count, n_tokens);
+        cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, cur, 64e-5f);
+
+        // Convert back to regular vectors.
+        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.time_mix_ln), layer.time_mix_ln_b);
+    } else {
+        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_tokens);
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * rk = ggml_sum_rows(
+        ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, k, r), ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, layer.time_mix_r_k, head_size, head_count)));
+    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, v, rk), n_embd, n_tokens));
+
+    if (has_gating) {
+        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, g);
+    }
+    cur = build_lora_mm(layer.time_mix_output, cur);
+
+    return ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv7.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv7.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5caf6553dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/rwkv7.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_rwkv7::llm_build_rwkv7(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) :
+    llm_build_rwkv7_base(model, params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.token_shift_count == 2);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+    ggml_tensor * v_first = nullptr;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.tok_norm, model.tok_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    auto * rs_inp = build_rs_inp();
+
+    const auto n_embd       = hparams.n_embd;
+    const auto n_seq_tokens = ubatch.n_seq_tokens;
+    const auto n_seqs       = ubatch.n_seqs;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const llama_layer * layer = &model.layers[il];
+        inpL                      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, inpL, n_embd, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
+
+        ggml_tensor * token_shift = build_rwkv_token_shift_load(rs_inp, ubatch, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * att_shift =
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1], token_shift->nb[2], 0);
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_shift = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, token_shift, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, token_shift->nb[1],
+                                               token_shift->nb[2], n_embd * ggml_element_size(token_shift));
+
+        ggml_tensor * att_norm = build_norm(inpL, layer->attn_norm, layer->attn_norm_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(att_norm, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * x_prev = ggml_concat(
+            ctx0, att_shift,
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2], 0), 1);
+
+        cur = build_rwkv7_time_mix(rs_inp, att_norm, x_prev, v_first, ubatch, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_norm = build_norm(ffn_inp, layer->attn_norm_2, layer->attn_norm_2_b, LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(ffn_norm, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        x_prev = ggml_concat(
+            ctx0, ffn_shift,
+            ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_seq_tokens - 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2], 0), 1);
+
+        token_shift = ggml_concat(ctx0,
+                                  ggml_view_3d(ctx0, att_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, att_norm->nb[1], att_norm->nb[2],
+                                               (n_seq_tokens - 1) * n_embd * ggml_element_size(att_norm)),
+                                  ggml_view_3d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, ffn_norm->nb[1], ffn_norm->nb[2],
+                                               (n_seq_tokens - 1) * n_embd * ggml_element_size(ffn_norm)),
+                                  1);
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_rwkv_token_shift_store(token_shift, ubatch, il));
+
+        ffn_inp  = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_inp, n_embd, n_tokens);
+        ffn_norm = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, ffn_norm, n_embd, n_tokens);
+        x_prev   = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, x_prev, n_embd, n_tokens);
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            ffn_inp  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_inp, inp_out_ids);
+            ffn_norm = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, ffn_norm, inp_out_ids);
+            x_prev   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, x_prev, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        cur = build_rwkv7_channel_mix(layer, ffn_norm, x_prev, LLM_ARCH_RWKV7);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b, LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/seed-oss.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/seed-oss.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4d0b75d846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/seed-oss.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_seed_oss::llm_build_seed_oss(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].attn_post_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_post_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/smallthinker.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/smallthinker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e2155aacef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/smallthinker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+template <bool iswa>
+llm_build_smallthinker<iswa>::llm_build_smallthinker(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params){
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    using inp_attn_type = std::conditional_t<iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv_iswa, llm_graph_input_attn_kv>;
+    inp_attn_type * inp_attn = nullptr;
+
+    if constexpr (iswa) {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    } else {
+        inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    }
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base (cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA  = inpL;
+
+        // This overlaps with SWA layers in current models, so get_rope_freq_base/scale may be superfluous
+        const bool use_rope = hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step == n_layer ||
+                              il % hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step != 0;
+
+        ggml_tensor * probs = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp, inpL);  // [n_expert, n_tokens]
+        cb(probs, "ffn_moe_logits", il);
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self_attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            struct ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            struct ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            struct ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head, n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            if (use_rope) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr, n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            }
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+            probs = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, probs, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // MoE branch
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_out =
+            build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    nullptr,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_RELU, true,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    static_cast<llama_expert_gating_func_type>(hparams.expert_gating_func),
+                    il, probs);
+
+        cb(ffn_out, "ffn_out", il);
+        cur = ffn_out;
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
+
+// Explicit template instantiations
+template struct llm_build_smallthinker<false>;
+template struct llm_build_smallthinker<true>;
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/smollm3.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/smollm3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e267fd8f32f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/smollm3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_smollm3::llm_build_smollm3(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    const float kq_scale = hparams.f_attention_scale == 0.0f ? 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)) : hparams.f_attention_scale;
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        const bool use_rope = (il + 1) % hparams.n_no_rope_layer_step != 0;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            if (use_rope) {
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                        ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                        n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                        );
+            }
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/stablelm.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/stablelm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff5aced93b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/stablelm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_stablelm::llm_build_stablelm(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = cur;
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
+                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_q_norm,
+                        NULL,
+                        LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
+                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur,
+                        model.layers[il].attn_k_norm,
+                        NULL,
+                        LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  inpL, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            if (model.layers[il].ffn_norm) {
+                cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                        LLM_NORM, il);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+            } else {
+                // parallel residual
+                cur = inpSA;
+            }
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/starcoder.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/starcoder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..941cee98219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/starcoder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_starcoder::llm_build_starcoder(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * pos = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.pos_embd, inp_pos);
+    cb(pos, "pos_embd", -1);
+
+    inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, pos);
+    cb(inpL, "inpL", -1);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+            cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+            cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd));
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens, n_embd_head*sizeof(float), cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa));
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur  = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,  cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        // add the input
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // FF
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                    NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/starcoder2.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/starcoder2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5965aceb3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/starcoder2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_starcoder2::llm_build_starcoder2(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bq) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.layers[il].bq);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bk) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.layers[il].bk);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].bv) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.layers[il].bv);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+            }
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_norm, model.layers[il].ffn_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   NULL,
+                NULL,                      NULL,                        NULL,
+                model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/step35-iswa.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/step35-iswa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..176209cd93e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/step35-iswa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_step35_iswa::llm_build_step35_iswa(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos     = build_inp_pos();
+    auto        * inp_attn    = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        const uint32_t n_head_l    = hparams.n_head(il);
+        const uint32_t n_head_kv_l = hparams.n_head_kv(il);
+
+        const float freq_base_l  = model.get_rope_freq_base(cparams, il);
+        const float freq_scale_l = model.get_rope_freq_scale(cparams, il);
+
+        cur = inpL;
+
+        // dump pre-attn RMSNorm input to pinpoint layer boundary issues
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm_in", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(cur, model.layers[il].attn_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_l,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head_v, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
+
+            // Q/K per-head RMSNorm (Step35 q_norm / k_norm)
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_q_norm) {
+                Qcur = build_norm(Qcur, model.layers[il].attn_q_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur_normed", il);
+            }
+            if (model.layers[il].attn_k_norm) {
+                Kcur = build_norm(Kcur, model.layers[il].attn_k_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur_normed", il);
+            }
+
+            // RoPE (partial rotary factors per layer)
+            const bool is_swa = hparams.is_swa(il);
+            ggml_tensor * rope_factors = is_swa ? nullptr : model.get_rope_factors(cparams, il);
+            const int64_t n_rot_l = hparams.n_rot(il);
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                n_rot_l, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, rope_factors,
+                n_rot_l, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base_l, freq_scale_l,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+            );
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur_pos", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur_pos", il);
+
+            const float kq_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_k));
+            ggml_tensor * attn_out = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    nullptr, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(attn_out, "attn_out", il);
+            // head-wise attention gate: sigmoid(g_proj(x)) in torch
+            if (model.layers[il].wqkv_gate) {
+                ggml_tensor * gate = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv_gate, cur); // [n_head_l, n_tokens]
+                cb(gate, "attn_gate", il);
+
+                gate = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, gate);
+                cb(gate, "attn_gate_sigmoid", il);
+
+                // reshape + broadcast to [n_embd_head_v, n_head_l, n_tokens]
+                ggml_tensor * attn_3d = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, attn_out, n_embd_head_v, n_head_l, n_tokens);
+                ggml_tensor * gate_3d = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, gate,       1,          n_head_l, n_tokens);
+                cb(gate_3d, "attn_gate_3d", il);
+
+                attn_3d = ggml_mul(ctx0, attn_3d, gate_3d);
+                cb(attn_3d, "attn_gated_3d", il);
+
+                attn_out = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, attn_3d, n_embd_head_v * n_head_l, n_tokens);
+                cb(attn_out, "attn_gated", il);
+            }
+
+            // output projection
+            cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo, attn_out);
+            cb(cur, "attn_proj", il);
+        }
+
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(ffn_inp, model.layers[il].ffn_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+        // feed-forward
+        if (model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp == nullptr) {
+            // dense MLP
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,   nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, model.layers[il].ffn_gate_b, nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b, nullptr,
+                    nullptr,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        } else {
+            // MoE routed experts
+            ggml_tensor * moe_out = build_moe_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_exps,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_exp_probs_b,
+                    n_expert, n_expert_used,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, hparams.expert_weights_norm,
+                    hparams.expert_weights_scale,
+                    (llama_expert_gating_func_type) hparams.expert_gating_func,
+                    il);
+            cb(moe_out, "ffn_moe_out", il);
+
+            // shared expert MLP (always added on MoE layers in Step35)
+            ggml_tensor * sh_out = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_shexp,   nullptr, nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_shexp, nullptr, nullptr,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_shexp, nullptr, nullptr,
+                    nullptr,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(sh_out, "ffn_shared_out", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, moe_out, sh_out);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, nullptr, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/t5-dec.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/t5-dec.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ca8372bd4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/t5-dec.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_t5_dec::llm_build_t5_dec(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+    //const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    ggml_tensor * embd_enc       = build_inp_cross_embd();
+    ggml_tensor * pos_bucket_dec = build_inp_pos_bucket_dec();
+
+    const int64_t n_outputs_enc = embd_enc->ne[1];
+
+    auto * inp_attn_self  = build_attn_inp_kv();
+    auto * inp_attn_cross = build_attn_inp_cross();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    const int64_t dec_n_layer = hparams.dec_n_layer;
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < dec_n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            ggml_tensor * attn_rel_b = model.layers[il].attn_rel_b ? model.layers[il].attn_rel_b : model.layers[0].attn_rel_b;
+            ggml_tensor * kq_b = build_pos_bias(pos_bucket_dec, attn_rel_b);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn_self,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, kq_b, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+            cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(cur, "cross_inp", il);
+
+        ggml_tensor * inpCA = cur;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_cross, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm_cross", il);
+
+        // cross-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq_cross, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk_cross, embd_enc);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv_cross, embd_enc);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_outputs_enc);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_outputs_enc);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn_cross,
+                    model.layers[il].wo_cross, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+            cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+
+            //ggml_tensor * q =                 ggml_permute(ctx0, Qcur, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+            //ggml_tensor * k = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, Kcur, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+
+            //ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, k, q);
+            //cb(kq, "kq", il);
+
+            //kq = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx0, kq, KQ_mask_cross, 1.0f, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
+            //cb(kq, "kq_soft_max_ext", il);
+
+            //ggml_tensor * v = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_gqa, n_outputs_enc)));
+            //cb(v, "v", il);
+
+            //ggml_tensor * kqv = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, v, n_outputs_enc, n_embd_head, n_head_kv), kq);
+            //cb(kqv, "kqv", il);
+
+            //ggml_tensor * kqv_merged = ggml_permute(ctx0, kqv, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+            //cb(kqv_merged, "kqv_merged", il);
+
+            //cur = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, kqv_merged, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens);
+            //cb(cur, "kqv_merged_cont", il);
+
+            //ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
+            //cur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wo_cross, cur);
+            //cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == dec_n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpCA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpCA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpCA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            // T5 uses relu, flan-T5 uses gelu-gated
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate ? LLM_FFN_GELU : LLM_FFN_RELU,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate ? LLM_FFN_PAR : LLM_FFN_SEQ,
+                    il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+    cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/t5-enc.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/t5-enc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..395dfb51042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/t5-enc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_t5_enc::llm_build_t5_enc(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    ggml_tensor * pos_bucket_enc = build_inp_pos_bucket_enc();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_no_cache();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        // norm
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm_enc, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq_enc, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk_enc, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv_enc, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            ggml_tensor * attn_rel_b = model.layers[il].attn_rel_b_enc ? model.layers[il].attn_rel_b_enc : model.layers[0].attn_rel_b_enc;
+            ggml_tensor * kq_b = build_pos_bias(pos_bucket_enc, attn_rel_b);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo_enc, nullptr,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, kq_b, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f, il);
+            cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm_enc, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            // T5 uses relu, flan-T5 uses gelu-gated
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up_enc,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down_enc, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc ? LLM_FFN_GELU : LLM_FFN_RELU,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate_enc ? LLM_FFN_PAR  : LLM_FFN_SEQ,
+                    il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+    cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm_enc, NULL,
+            LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/wavtokenizer-dec.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/wavtokenizer-dec.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..537a0d41248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/wavtokenizer-dec.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec::llm_build_wavtokenizer_dec(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, inpL));
+
+    cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, model.conv1d, cur, 1, 1);
+    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.conv1d_b);
+
+    // posnet
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.posnet.n_layer; ++il) {
+        const auto & layer = model.layers[il].posnet;
+
+        inpL = cur;
+
+        switch (il) {
+            case 0:
+            case 1:
+            case 3:
+            case 4:
+                {
+                    cur = build_norm(cur,
+                            layer.norm1,
+                            layer.norm1_b,
+                            LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
+
+                    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, cur), cur);
+
+                    cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.conv1, cur, 1, 1);
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.conv1_b);
+
+                    cur = build_norm(cur,
+                            layer.norm2,
+                            layer.norm2_b,
+                            LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
+
+                    cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, ggml_sigmoid(ctx0, cur), cur);
+
+                    cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.conv2, cur, 1, 1);
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.conv2_b);
+
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+                } break;
+            case 2:
+                {
+                    cur = build_norm(cur,
+                            layer.attn_norm,
+                            layer.attn_norm_b,
+                            LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
+
+                    ggml_tensor * q;
+                    ggml_tensor * k;
+                    ggml_tensor * v;
+
+                    q = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_q, cur, 1, 1);
+                    k = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_k, cur, 1, 1);
+                    v = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_v, cur, 1, 1);
+
+                    q = ggml_add(ctx0, q, layer.attn_q_b);
+                    k = ggml_add(ctx0, k, layer.attn_k_b);
+                    v = ggml_add(ctx0, v, layer.attn_v_b);
+
+                    q = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, q));
+                    k = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, k));
+
+                    ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, k, q);
+
+                    kq = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx0, kq, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(hparams.posnet.n_embd)), 0.0f);
+
+                    cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, kq, v);
+
+                    cur = ggml_conv_1d_ph(ctx0, layer.attn_o, cur, 1, 1);
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.attn_o_b);
+
+                    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+                } break;
+            case 5:
+                {
+                    cur = build_norm(cur,
+                            layer.norm,
+                            layer.norm_b,
+                            LLM_NORM_GROUP, 0);
+                } break;
+            default: GGML_ABORT("unknown posnet layer");
+        };
+    }
+    cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.tok_norm,
+            model.tok_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+
+    inpL = cur;
+
+    // convnext
+    for (uint32_t il = 0; il < hparams.convnext.n_layer; ++il) {
+        const auto & layer = model.layers[il].convnext;
+
+        cur = inpL;
+
+        cur = ggml_conv_1d_dw_ph(ctx0, layer.dw, cur, 1, 1);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.dw_b);
+
+        cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur,
+                layer.norm,
+                layer.norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                layer.pw1, layer.pw1_b, NULL,
+                NULL,      NULL,        NULL,
+                layer.pw2, layer.pw2_b, NULL,
+                NULL,
+                LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, il);
+
+        cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.gamma);
+
+        cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, cur));
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur,
+            model.output_norm,
+            model.output_norm_b,
+            LLM_NORM, -1);
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_embd", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/models/xverse.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/models/xverse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3a8dfafcceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/models/xverse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+llm_build_xverse::llm_build_xverse(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_params & params) : llm_graph_context(params) {
+    const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head_v();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_embd_head_k());
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_embd_head == n_rot);
+
+    ggml_tensor * cur;
+    ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+    inpL = build_inp_embd(model.tok_embd);
+
+    // inp_pos - contains the positions
+    ggml_tensor * inp_pos = build_inp_pos();
+
+    auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv();
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(inpL,
+                model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL,
+                LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+        cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+            Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            Kcur = ggml_rope_ext(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
+                    n_rot, rope_type, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+                    ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                    );
+
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
+                    model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
+                    Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), il);
+        }
+        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+            cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
+            inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * ffn_inp = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpSA);
+        cb(ffn_inp, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(ffn_inp,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_norm, NULL,
+                    LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_norm", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_up,   NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_gate, NULL, NULL,
+                    model.layers[il].ffn_down, NULL, NULL,
+                    NULL,
+                    LLM_FFN_SILU, LLM_FFN_PAR, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_inp);
+
+        cur = build_cvec(cur, il);
+        cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+    cur = inpL;
+
+    cur = build_norm(cur, model.output_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, -1);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+    res->t_embd = cur;
+
+    // lm_head
+    cur = build_lora_mm(model.output, cur);
+
+    cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+    res->t_logits = cur;
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+}
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/talk-llama.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/talk-llama.cpp
index b4219c29446..e98ca64035f 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/talk-llama.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/talk-llama.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ struct whisper_params {
     float top_p = 0.80f;
     float min_p = 0.01f;
     float temp  = 0.30f;
-    
+
     float vad_thold  = 0.6f;
     float freq_thold = 100.0f;
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ struct whisper_params {
     bool no_timestamps  = true;
     bool verbose_prompt = false;
     bool use_gpu        = true;
-    bool flash_attn     = false;
+    bool flash_attn     = true;
 
     std::string person      = "Georgi";
     std::string bot_name    = "LLaMA";
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ static bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params
         else if (arg == "-vp"  || arg == "--verbose-prompt") { params.verbose_prompt = true; }
         else if (arg == "-ng"  || arg == "--no-gpu")         { params.use_gpu        = false; }
         else if (arg == "-fa"  || arg == "--flash-attn")     { params.flash_attn     = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa" || arg == "--no-flash-attn")  { params.flash_attn     = false; }
         else if (arg == "-p"   || arg == "--person")         { params.person         = argv[++i]; }
         else if (arg == "-bn"   || arg == "--bot-name")      { params.bot_name       = argv[++i]; }
         else if (arg == "--session")                         { params.path_session   = argv[++i]; }
@@ -175,7 +176,8 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
     fprintf(stderr, "  -pe,      --print-energy   [%-7s] print sound energy (for debugging)\n",          params.print_energy ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -vp,      --verbose-prompt [%-7s] print prompt at start\n",                       params.verbose_prompt ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,      --no-gpu         [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                 params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,      --flash-attn     [%-7s] flash attention\n",                             params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,      --flash-attn     [%-7s] enable flash attention\n",                      params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,     --no-flash-attn  [%-7s] disable flash attention\n",                     params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -p NAME,  --person NAME    [%-7s] person name (for prompt selection)\n",          params.person.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -bn NAME, --bot-name NAME  [%-7s] bot name (to display)\n",                       params.bot_name.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -w TEXT,  --wake-command T [%-7s] wake-up command to listen for\n",               params.wake_cmd.c_str());
@@ -340,9 +342,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     llama_context_params lcparams = llama_context_default_params();
 
     // tune these to your liking
-    lcparams.n_ctx      = 2048;
-    lcparams.n_threads  = params.n_threads;
-    lcparams.flash_attn = params.flash_attn;
+    lcparams.n_ctx     = 2048;
+    lcparams.n_threads = params.n_threads;
+
+    lcparams.flash_attn_type = params.flash_attn ? LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO : LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED;
 
     struct llama_context * ctx_llama = llama_init_from_model(model_llama, lcparams);
 
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/unicode.cpp b/examples/talk-llama/unicode.cpp
index 43a4581b961..122c8ca04a5 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/unicode.cpp
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/unicode.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#define _SILENCE_CXX17_CODECVT_HEADER_DEPRECATION_WARNING
-#endif
-
 #include "unicode.h"
 #include "unicode-data.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
-#include <codecvt>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <locale>
 #include <map>
 #include <regex>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -199,27 +193,6 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, uint8_t> unicode_utf8_to_byte_map() {
     return map;
 }
 
-static inline std::wstring unicode_wstring_from_utf8(const std::string & s) {
-#if defined(__clang__)
-    // disable C++17 deprecation warning for std::codecvt_utf8
-#    pragma clang diagnostic push
-#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-#elif defined(__GNUC__)
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-#endif
-
-    std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>> conv;
-
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
-#elif defined(__GNUC__)
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-
-    return conv.from_bytes(s);
-}
-
 static std::vector<std::string> unicode_byte_encoding_process(const std::vector<std::string> & bpe_words) {
     std::vector<std::string> bpe_encoded_words;
     for (const auto & word : bpe_words) {
@@ -497,19 +470,26 @@ static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_custom_llama3(const std::string &
     return bpe_offsets;
 }
 
-// use std::wregex to split the text
-static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_stl(const std::wstring & wtext, const std::wstring & regex_expr, const std::vector<size_t> & offsets) {
-    std::wregex expr(regex_expr);
+template <typename CharT>
+static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_stl(const std::basic_string<CharT> & text, const std::basic_string<CharT> & regex, const std::vector<size_t> & offsets) {
+    using BidirIt = typename std::basic_string<CharT>::const_iterator;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    // Bypass bug in MSVC: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/17830
+    constexpr auto regex_flags = std::regex_constants::ECMAScript;
+#else
+    constexpr auto regex_flags = std::regex_constants::optimize | std::regex_constants::nosubs;
+#endif
+    std::basic_regex<CharT> expr(regex, regex_flags);
     std::vector<size_t> bpe_offsets; // store the offset of each word
     bpe_offsets.reserve(offsets.size()); // Reserve memory for the approximate size
     size_t start = 0;
     for (auto offset : offsets) {
-        std::wcregex_iterator it(wtext.data() + start, wtext.data() + start + offset, expr);
-        std::wcregex_iterator end;
+        std::regex_iterator<BidirIt> it(text.begin() + start, text.begin() + start + offset, expr);
+        std::regex_iterator<BidirIt> end;
 
         int64_t start_idx = 0;
         while (it != end) {
-            std::wcmatch match = *it;
+            std::match_results<BidirIt> match = *it;
             if (match.position() > start_idx) {
                 bpe_offsets.emplace_back(match.position() - start_idx);
             }
@@ -527,31 +507,247 @@ static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_stl(const std::wstring & wtext, c
     return bpe_offsets;
 }
 
-// use std::regex to split the text
-static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_stl(const std::string & text, const std::string & regex_expr, const std::vector<size_t> & offsets) {
-    std::regex expr(regex_expr);
-    std::vector<size_t> bpe_offsets; // store the offset of each word
-    bpe_offsets.reserve(offsets.size()); // Reserve memory for the approximate size
+// K2 system regex patterns (from tokenization_kimi.py):
+// [\p{Han}]+|[^\r\n\p{L}\p{N}]?[\p{Lu}\p{Lt}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]*[\p{Ll}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]+(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?|[^\r\n\p{L}\p{N}]?[\p{Lu}\p{Lt}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]+[\p{Ll}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]*(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?|\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+[\r\n]*|\s*[\r\n]+|\s+(?!\S)|\s+
+static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_custom_kimi_k2(const std::string & text, const std::vector<size_t> & offsets) {
+    std::vector<size_t> bpe_offsets;
+    bpe_offsets.reserve(offsets.size());
+
+    const auto cpts = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(text);
+
     size_t start = 0;
     for (auto offset : offsets) {
-        std::cregex_iterator it(text.data() + start, text.data() + start + offset, expr);
-        std::cregex_iterator end;
+        const size_t offset_ini = start;
+        const size_t offset_end = start + offset;
+        assert(offset_end <= cpts.size());
+        start = offset_end;
 
-        int64_t start_idx = 0;
-        while (it != end) {
-            std::cmatch match = *it;
-            if (match.position() > start_idx) {
-                bpe_offsets.emplace_back(match.position() - start_idx);
+        static const uint32_t OUT_OF_RANGE = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        auto _get_cpt = [&] (const size_t pos) -> uint32_t {
+            return (offset_ini <= pos && pos < offset_end) ? cpts[pos] : OUT_OF_RANGE;
+        };
+
+        auto _get_flags = [&] (const size_t pos) -> unicode_cpt_flags {
+            return (offset_ini <= pos && pos < offset_end) ? unicode_cpt_flags_from_cpt(cpts[pos]) : unicode_cpt_flags{};
+        };
+
+        size_t _prev_end = offset_ini;
+        auto _add_token = [&] (const size_t end) -> size_t {
+            assert(_prev_end <= end && end <= offset_end);
+            size_t len = end - _prev_end;
+            if (len > 0) {
+                bpe_offsets.push_back(len);
             }
-            bpe_offsets.emplace_back(match.length());
-            start_idx = match.position() + match.length();
-            ++it;
+            _prev_end = end;
+            return len;
+        };
+
+        for (size_t pos = offset_ini; pos < offset_end; /*pos++*/ ) {
+            const uint32_t cpt = _get_cpt(pos);
+            const auto flags = _get_flags(pos);
+
+            // Pattern 1: [\p{Han}]+ (Chinese characters)
+            if (unicode_cpt_is_han(cpt)) {
+                while (unicode_cpt_is_han(_get_cpt(pos))) {
+                    pos++;
+                }
+                _add_token(pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Pattern 2 & 3: Letter words excluding Han characters with optional contractions
+            // [^\r\n\p{L}\p{N}]?[\p{Lu}\p{Lt}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]*[\p{Ll}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]+(?:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?
+            // [^\r\n\p{L}\p{N}]?[\p{Lu}\p{Lt}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]+[\p{Ll}\p{Lm}\p{Lo}\p{M}&&[^\p{Han}]]*(?:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)?
+            // Check if current char is a letter OR if current char could be a leading char and next char is a letter
+            bool is_letter_pattern = (flags.is_letter && !unicode_cpt_is_han(cpt)) ||
+                                     (!(cpt == '\r' || cpt == '\n' || flags.is_letter || flags.is_number) &&
+                                      _get_flags(pos + 1).is_letter && !unicode_cpt_is_han(_get_cpt(pos + 1)));
+
+            if (is_letter_pattern) {
+                // Handle optional leading non-letter/non-number character
+                bool has_leading_char = false;
+                if (!(cpt == '\r' || cpt == '\n' || flags.is_letter || flags.is_number)) {
+                    has_leading_char = true;
+                    pos++;
+                }
+
+                // Match letter sequence (excluding Han characters)
+                bool has_letters = false;
+                while (_get_flags(pos).is_letter && !unicode_cpt_is_han(_get_cpt(pos))) {
+                    has_letters = true;
+                    pos++;
+                }
+
+                // Only proceed if we found letters (after potentially skipping leading char)
+                if (has_letters || (!has_leading_char && _get_flags(pos).is_letter && !unicode_cpt_is_han(_get_cpt(pos)))) {
+                    if (!has_letters) pos++; // consume the first letter if we didn't already
+
+                    // Continue consuming letters
+                    while (_get_flags(pos).is_letter && !unicode_cpt_is_han(_get_cpt(pos))) {
+                        pos++;
+                    }
+
+                    // Check for optional contractions (?:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)
+                    if (_get_cpt(pos) == '\'' && pos + 1 < offset_end) {
+                        uint32_t cpt_next = unicode_tolower(_get_cpt(pos + 1));
+                        if (cpt_next == 's' || cpt_next == 't' || cpt_next == 'm' || cpt_next == 'd') {
+                            pos += 2;
+                        } else if (pos + 2 < offset_end) {
+                            uint32_t cpt_next_next = unicode_tolower(_get_cpt(pos + 2));
+                            if ((cpt_next == 'r' && cpt_next_next == 'e') ||
+                                (cpt_next == 'v' && cpt_next_next == 'e') ||
+                                (cpt_next == 'l' && cpt_next_next == 'l')) {
+                                pos += 3;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    _add_token(pos);
+                    continue;
+                } else if (has_leading_char) {
+                    // We consumed a leading char but found no letters, backtrack
+                    pos--;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Pattern 4: \p{N}{1,3} (numbers 1-3 digits)
+            if (flags.is_number) {
+                size_t ini = pos;
+                while (_get_flags(pos).is_number) {
+                    if (++pos - ini >= 3) {
+                        _add_token(pos);
+                        ini = pos;
+                    }
+                }
+                _add_token(pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Pattern 5:  ?[^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+[\r\n]* (optional space + non-word chars + optional newlines)
+            auto flags2 = (cpt == ' ' ? _get_flags(pos + 1) : flags);
+            if (!(flags2.is_whitespace || flags2.is_letter || flags2.is_number) && flags2.as_uint()) {
+                pos += (cpt == ' ');
+                while (!(flags2.is_whitespace || flags2.is_letter || flags2.is_number) && flags2.as_uint()) {
+                    flags2 = _get_flags(++pos);
+                }
+                // Match optional [\r\n]*
+                uint32_t cpt2 = _get_cpt(pos);
+                while (cpt2 == '\r' || cpt2 == '\n') {
+                    cpt2 = _get_cpt(++pos);
+                }
+                _add_token(pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Count whitespace characters
+            size_t num_whitespaces = 0;
+            size_t last_end_r_or_n = 0;
+            while (_get_flags(pos + num_whitespaces).is_whitespace) {
+                uint32_t cpt2 = _get_cpt(pos + num_whitespaces);
+                if (cpt2 == '\r' || cpt2 == '\n') {
+                    last_end_r_or_n = pos + num_whitespaces + 1;
+                }
+                num_whitespaces++;
+            }
+
+            // Pattern 6: \s*[\r\n]+ (whitespace with newlines)
+            if (last_end_r_or_n > 0) {
+                pos = last_end_r_or_n;
+                _add_token(pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Pattern 7: \s+(?!\S) (trailing whitespace)
+            if (num_whitespaces > 1 && _get_cpt(pos + num_whitespaces) != OUT_OF_RANGE) {
+                pos += num_whitespaces - 1;
+                _add_token(pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Pattern 8: \s+ (general whitespace)
+            if (num_whitespaces > 0) {
+                pos += num_whitespaces;
+                _add_token(pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // No matches - consume single character
+            _add_token(++pos);
         }
+    }
 
-        if (start_idx < (int64_t) offset) {
-            bpe_offsets.emplace_back(offset - start_idx);
+    return bpe_offsets;
+}
+
+// AFMOE digit handling: splits digits with leading 1-2 based on total length modulo 3
+static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_custom_afmoe(const std::string & text, const std::vector<size_t> & offsets) {
+    std::vector<size_t> bpe_offsets;
+    bpe_offsets.reserve(offsets.size());
+
+    const auto cpts = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(text);
+
+    size_t start = 0;
+    for (auto offset : offsets) {
+        const size_t offset_ini = start;
+        const size_t offset_end = start + offset;
+        assert(offset_end <= cpts.size());
+        start = offset_end;
+
+        auto _get_flags = [&] (const size_t pos) -> unicode_cpt_flags {
+            return (offset_ini <= pos && pos < offset_end) ? unicode_cpt_flags_from_cpt(cpts[pos]) : unicode_cpt_flags{};
+        };
+
+        size_t _prev_end = offset_ini;
+        auto _add_token = [&] (const size_t end) -> size_t {
+            assert(_prev_end <= end && end <= offset_end);
+            size_t len = end - _prev_end;
+            if (len > 0) {
+                bpe_offsets.push_back(len);
+            }
+            _prev_end = end;
+            return len;
+        };
+
+        for (size_t pos = offset_ini; pos < offset_end; ) {
+            const auto flags = _get_flags(pos);
+
+            // Handle digit sequences with special splitting logic
+            if (flags.is_number) {
+                size_t digit_start = pos;
+                size_t digit_count = 0;
+
+                // Count consecutive digits
+                while (_get_flags(pos).is_number && pos < offset_end) {
+                    digit_count++;
+                    pos++;
+                }
+
+                // Split based on total length modulo 3
+                size_t remainder = digit_count % 3;
+                size_t current = digit_start;
+
+                // Emit leading 1-2 digits if needed
+                if (remainder > 0) {
+                    _add_token(current + remainder);
+                    current += remainder;
+                }
+
+                // Emit groups of 3
+                while (current < digit_start + digit_count) {
+                    _add_token(current + 3);
+                    current += 3;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // For non-digits, just move forward
+            pos++;
+        }
+
+        // Add any remaining content
+        if (_prev_end < offset_end) {
+            _add_token(offset_end);
         }
-        start += offset;
     }
 
     return bpe_offsets;
@@ -567,6 +763,18 @@ static std::vector<size_t> unicode_regex_split_custom(const std::string & text,
             regex_expr == "(?:'[sS]|'[tT]|'[rR][eE]|'[vV][eE]|'[mM]|'[lL][lL]|'[dD])|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+") {
 
         bpe_offsets = unicode_regex_split_custom_llama3(text, offsets);
+    } else if (regex_expr == "\\p{Han}+") {
+        // K2's first pattern - handle all K2 patterns together
+        bpe_offsets = unicode_regex_split_custom_kimi_k2(text, offsets);
+    } else if (regex_expr == "\\p{AFMoE_digits}") {
+        // AFMOE digit pattern - use custom implementation for proper splitting
+        bpe_offsets = unicode_regex_split_custom_afmoe(text, offsets);
+    } else if (regex_expr == "\\d{1,3}(?=(?:\\d{3})*\\b)") {
+        // tiny_aya digit grouping pattern from tokenizer.json:
+        //   {"type": "Split", "pattern": {"Regex": "\\d{1,3}(?=(?:\\d{3})*\\b)"}, "behavior": "Isolated"}
+        // Splits digits into groups of 3 from the right (e.g., 1234567 -> 1, 234, 567)
+        // TODO: Revisit this regex, in case there are any subtle tokenization differences with the original regex.
+        bpe_offsets = unicode_regex_split_custom_afmoe(text, offsets);
     }
 
     return bpe_offsets;
@@ -672,6 +880,38 @@ uint32_t unicode_tolower(uint32_t cpt) {
     return cpt;  // Return the original code point if no lowercase mapping is found
 }
 
+bool unicode_cpt_is_han(uint32_t cpt) {
+    // Han character ranges (Chinese/CJK characters)
+    // CJK Unified Ideographs (most common)
+    if (cpt >= 0x4E00 && cpt <= 0x9FFF) return true;
+
+    // CJK Extension A
+    if (cpt >= 0x3400 && cpt <= 0x4DBF) return true;
+
+    // CJK Extension B
+    if (cpt >= 0x20000 && cpt <= 0x2A6DF) return true;
+
+    // CJK Extension C
+    if (cpt >= 0x2A700 && cpt <= 0x2B73F) return true;
+
+    // CJK Extension D
+    if (cpt >= 0x2B740 && cpt <= 0x2B81F) return true;
+
+    // CJK Extension E
+    if (cpt >= 0x2B820 && cpt <= 0x2CEAF) return true;
+
+    // CJK Extension F
+    if (cpt >= 0x2CEB0 && cpt <= 0x2EBEF) return true;
+
+    // CJK Compatibility Ideographs
+    if (cpt >= 0xF900 && cpt <= 0xFAFF) return true;
+
+    // CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement
+    if (cpt >= 0x2F800 && cpt <= 0x2FA1F) return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 std::vector<std::string> unicode_regex_split(const std::string & text, const std::vector<std::string> & regex_exprs) {
     // unicode categories
     static const std::map<std::string, int> k_ucat_enum = {
@@ -680,6 +920,11 @@ std::vector<std::string> unicode_regex_split(const std::string & text, const std
         { "\\p{P}", unicode_cpt_flags::PUNCTUATION },
         { "\\p{M}", unicode_cpt_flags::ACCENT_MARK },
         { "\\p{S}", unicode_cpt_flags::SYMBOL },
+        { "\\p{Lu}", unicode_cpt_flags::LETTER }, // Uppercase letter
+        { "\\p{Ll}", unicode_cpt_flags::LETTER }, // Lowercase letter
+        { "\\p{Lt}", unicode_cpt_flags::LETTER }, // Titlecase letter
+        { "\\p{Lm}", unicode_cpt_flags::LETTER }, // Modifier letter
+        { "\\p{Lo}", unicode_cpt_flags::LETTER }, // Other letter
     };
 
     static const std::map<int, int> k_ucat_cpt = {
@@ -762,10 +1007,10 @@ std::vector<std::string> unicode_regex_split(const std::string & text, const std
                     break;
                 }
             }
+            const auto cpts_regex = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(regex_expr);
 
             if (use_collapsed) {
                 // sanity-check that the original regex does not contain any non-ASCII characters
-                const auto cpts_regex = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(regex_expr);
                 for (size_t i = 0; i < cpts_regex.size(); ++i) {
                     if (cpts_regex[i] >= 128) {
                         throw std::runtime_error("Regex includes both unicode categories and non-ASCII characters - not supported");
@@ -790,22 +1035,26 @@ std::vector<std::string> unicode_regex_split(const std::string & text, const std
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    if (regex_expr[i + 0] == '\\' && i + 4 < regex_expr.size() &&
+                    // Match \p{...} Unicode properties of varying lengths
+                    if (regex_expr[i + 0] == '\\' && i + 3 < regex_expr.size() &&
                         regex_expr[i + 1] == 'p' &&
-                        regex_expr[i + 2] == '{' &&
-                        regex_expr[i + 4] == '}') {
-                        const std::string pat = regex_expr.substr(i, 5);
-                        if (k_ucat_enum.find(pat) != k_ucat_enum.end()) {
-                            if (!inside) {
-                                regex_expr_collapsed += '[';
-                            }
-                            regex_expr_collapsed += k_ucat_cpt.at(k_ucat_enum.at(pat));
-                            regex_expr_collapsed += k_ucat_map.at(k_ucat_enum.at(pat));
-                            if (!inside) {
-                                regex_expr_collapsed += ']';
+                        regex_expr[i + 2] == '{') {
+                        // Find the closing brace
+                        size_t closing_brace = regex_expr.find('}', i + 3);
+                        if (closing_brace != std::string::npos && closing_brace <= i + 10) { // reasonable limit
+                            const std::string pat = regex_expr.substr(i, closing_brace - i + 1);
+                            if (k_ucat_enum.find(pat) != k_ucat_enum.end()) {
+                                if (!inside) {
+                                    regex_expr_collapsed += '[';
+                                }
+                                regex_expr_collapsed += k_ucat_cpt.at(k_ucat_enum.at(pat));
+                                regex_expr_collapsed += k_ucat_map.at(k_ucat_enum.at(pat));
+                                if (!inside) {
+                                    regex_expr_collapsed += ']';
+                                }
+                                i = closing_brace;
+                                continue;
                             }
-                            i += 4;
-                            continue;
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -817,7 +1066,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> unicode_regex_split(const std::string & text, const std
                 bpe_offsets = unicode_regex_split_stl(text_collapsed, regex_expr_collapsed, bpe_offsets);
             } else {
                 // no unicode category used, we can use std::wregex directly
-                const std::wstring wregex_expr = unicode_wstring_from_utf8(regex_expr);
+                std::wstring wregex_expr(cpts_regex.begin(), cpts_regex.end());
 
                 // std::wregex \s does not mach non-ASCII whitespaces, using 0x0B as fallback
                 std::wstring wtext(cpts.begin(), cpts.end());
diff --git a/examples/talk-llama/unicode.h b/examples/talk-llama/unicode.h
index c27098df7d4..5bd1362ff41 100644
--- a/examples/talk-llama/unicode.h
+++ b/examples/talk-llama/unicode.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+// TODO: reimplement this structure in endian-independent way
 struct unicode_cpt_flags {
     enum {
         UNDEFINED       = 0x0001,
@@ -15,6 +16,10 @@ struct unicode_cpt_flags {
         SYMBOL          = 0x0040,  // regex: \p{S}
         CONTROL         = 0x0080,  // regex: \p{C}
         MASK_CATEGORIES = 0x00FF,
+        WHITESPACE      = 0x0100,
+        LOWERCASE       = 0x0200,
+        UPPERCASE       = 0x0400,
+        NFD             = 0x0800,
     };
 
     // codepoint type
@@ -34,11 +39,49 @@ struct unicode_cpt_flags {
 
     // decode from uint16
     inline unicode_cpt_flags(const uint16_t flags = 0) {
+#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
         *reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(this) = flags;
+#elif __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+        is_undefined   = (flags & UNDEFINED)   ? 1 : 0;
+        is_number      = (flags & NUMBER)      ? 1 : 0;
+        is_letter      = (flags & LETTER)      ? 1 : 0;
+        is_separator   = (flags & SEPARATOR)   ? 1 : 0;
+        is_accent_mark = (flags & ACCENT_MARK) ? 1 : 0;
+        is_punctuation = (flags & PUNCTUATION) ? 1 : 0;
+        is_symbol      = (flags & SYMBOL)      ? 1 : 0;
+        is_control     = (flags & CONTROL)     ? 1 : 0;
+        is_whitespace  = (flags & WHITESPACE)  ? 1 : 0;
+        is_lowercase   = (flags & LOWERCASE)   ? 1 : 0;
+        is_uppercase   = (flags & UPPERCASE)   ? 1 : 0;
+        is_nfd         = (flags & NFD)         ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+#error Unexpected or undefined __BYTE_ORDER__
+#endif
     }
 
     inline uint16_t as_uint() const {
+#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
         return *reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(this);
+#elif __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+        uint16_t result =
+              is_undefined   * UNDEFINED
+            + is_number      * NUMBER
+            + is_letter      * LETTER
+            + is_separator   * SEPARATOR
+            + is_accent_mark * ACCENT_MARK
+            + is_punctuation * PUNCTUATION
+            + is_symbol      * SYMBOL
+            + is_control     * CONTROL
+            + is_whitespace  * WHITESPACE
+            + is_lowercase   * LOWERCASE
+            + is_uppercase   * UPPERCASE
+            + is_nfd         * NFD
+            ;
+
+        return result;
+#else
+#error Unexpected or undefined __BYTE_ORDER__
+#endif
     }
 
     inline uint16_t category_flag() const {
@@ -63,4 +106,6 @@ uint8_t     unicode_utf8_to_byte(const std::string & utf8);
 
 uint32_t unicode_tolower(uint32_t cpt);
 
+bool unicode_cpt_is_han(uint32_t cpt);
+
 std::vector<std::string> unicode_regex_split(const std::string & text, const std::vector<std::string> & regex_exprs);
diff --git a/examples/vad-speech-segments/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/vad-speech-segments/CMakeLists.txt
index da685244adb..857b88c9a59 100644
--- a/examples/vad-speech-segments/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/vad-speech-segments/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-set(TARGET vad-speech-segments)
+set(TARGET whisper-vad-speech-segments)
 add_executable(${TARGET} speech.cpp)
 
 include(DefaultTargetOptions)
diff --git a/examples/vad-speech-segments/README.md b/examples/vad-speech-segments/README.md
index d9c3e74bb44..aa5c8114726 100644
--- a/examples/vad-speech-segments/README.md
+++ b/examples/vad-speech-segments/README.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The examples can be run using the following command, which uses a model
 that we use internally for testing:
 ```console
 ./build/bin/vad-speech-segments \
-    -vad-model models/for-tests-silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin \
+    --vad-model models/for-tests-silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin \
     --file samples/jfk.wav \
     --no-prints
 
diff --git a/examples/vad-speech-segments/speech.cpp b/examples/vad-speech-segments/speech.cpp
index 26241d950a0..a22425c4b8c 100644
--- a/examples/vad-speech-segments/speech.cpp
+++ b/examples/vad-speech-segments/speech.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     struct whisper_vad_context * vctx = whisper_vad_init_from_file_with_params(
             cli_params.vad_model.c_str(),
             ctx_params);
+    if (vctx == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize whisper context\n");
+        return 2;
+    }
 
     // Detect speech in the input audio file.
     if (!whisper_vad_detect_speech(vctx, pcmf32.data(), pcmf32.size())) {
diff --git a/examples/wchess/README.md b/examples/wchess/README.md
index 924b8d9a8ab..3d62651bd9e 100644
--- a/examples/wchess/README.md
+++ b/examples/wchess/README.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Voice-controlled chess using Whisper
 
-Online demo: https://whisper.ggerganov.com/wchess/
+Online demo: https://ggml.ai/whisper.cpp/wchess.wasm/
 
 https://github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/assets/1991296/c2b2f03c-9684-49f3-8106-357d2d4e67fa
 
diff --git a/examples/wchess/wchess.cmd/wchess.cmd.cpp b/examples/wchess/wchess.cmd/wchess.cmd.cpp
index 816eb1b3c95..8673d13d052 100644
--- a/examples/wchess/wchess.cmd/wchess.cmd.cpp
+++ b/examples/wchess/wchess.cmd/wchess.cmd.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct whisper_params {
     bool print_energy  = false;
     bool no_timestamps = true;
     bool use_gpu       = true;
-    bool flash_attn    = false;
+    bool flash_attn    = true;
 
     std::string language  = "en";
     std::string model     = "models/ggml-base.en.bin";
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ void whisper_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const whisper_params & para
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ps,        --print-special  [%-7s] print special tokens\n",                        params.print_special ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -pe,        --print-energy   [%-7s] print sound energy (for debugging)\n",          params.print_energy ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -ng,        --no-gpu         [%-7s] disable GPU\n",                                 params.use_gpu ? "false" : "true");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,        --flash-attn     [%-7s] flash attention during decoding\n",             params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fa,        --flash-attn     [%-7s] enable flash attention during decoding\n",      params.flash_attn ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -nfa,       --no-flash-attn  [%-7s] disable flash attention during decoding\n",     params.flash_attn ? "false" : "true");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -l LANG,    --language LANG  [%-7s] spoken language\n",                             params.language.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -m FNAME,   --model FNAME    [%-7s] model path\n",                                  params.model.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -f FNAME,   --file FNAME     [%-7s] text output file name\n",                       params.fname_out.c_str());
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params) {
         else if (arg == "-pe"  || arg == "--print-energy")  { params.print_energy  = true; }
         else if (arg == "-ng"  || arg == "--no-gpu")        { params.use_gpu       = false; }
         else if (arg == "-fa"  || arg == "--flash-attn")    { params.flash_attn    = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-nfa" || arg == "--no-flash-attn") { params.flash_attn    = false; }
         else if (arg == "-l"   || arg == "--language")      { params.language      = argv[++i]; }
         else if (arg == "-m"   || arg == "--model")         { params.model         = argv[++i]; }
         else if (arg == "-f"   || arg == "--file")          { params.fname_out     = argv[++i]; }
diff --git a/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/CMakeLists.txt
index 0d3dd908a1c..74689283de0 100644
--- a/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS " \
     -s INITIAL_MEMORY=1024MB \
     -s TOTAL_MEMORY=1024MB \
     -s FORCE_FILESYSTEM=1 \
-    -s EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=\"['print', 'printErr', 'ccall', 'cwrap', 'HEAPU8']]\" \
+    -s EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=\"['print', 'printErr', 'ccall', 'cwrap', 'HEAPU8']\" \
     ${EXTRA_FLAGS} \
     ")
 
-
 add_custom_command(
         TARGET ${TARGET} POST_BUILD
         COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
diff --git a/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/index-tmpl.html b/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/index-tmpl.html
index 47452b312cc..8f251c20acb 100644
--- a/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/index-tmpl.html
+++ b/examples/wchess/wchess.wasm/index-tmpl.html
@@ -120,11 +120,10 @@
                 <br><br>
 
                 <b>More examples:</b>
-                    <a href="https://whisper.ggerganov.com/">main</a> |
-                    <a href="https://whisper.ggerganov.com/bench">bench</a> |
-                    <a href="https://whisper.ggerganov.com/stream">stream</a> |
-                    <a href="https://whisper.ggerganov.com/command">command</a> |
-                    <a href="https://whisper.ggerganov.com/talk">talk</a> |
+                    <a href="../">main</a> |
+                    <a href="../bench.wasm">bench</a> |
+                    <a href="../stream.wasm">stream</a> |
+                    <a href="../command.wasm">command</a> |
 
                 <br><br>
 
diff --git a/examples/whisper.android.java/app/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/whisper.android.java/app/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt
index 3514fbe28c7..b22bb15be9f 100644
--- a/examples/whisper.android.java/app/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/whisper.android.java/app/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,17 @@ project(whisper.cpp)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
 set(WHISPER_LIB_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../../../../../)
 
+# Get whisper.cpp version
+file(READ "${WHISPER_LIB_DIR}/CMakeLists.txt" MAIN_CMAKE_CONTENT)
+string(REGEX MATCH "project\\(\"whisper\\.cpp\" VERSION ([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\\)" VERSION_MATCH "${MAIN_CMAKE_CONTENT}")
+if(CMAKE_MATCH_1)
+    set(WHISPER_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1} PARENT_SCOPE)
+else()
+    set(WHISPER_VERSION "unknown" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endif()
+
+message(STATUS " Whisper version: ${WHISPER_VERSION}")
+
 set(SOURCE_FILES
     ${WHISPER_LIB_DIR}/src/whisper.cpp
     ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/jni.c
@@ -26,6 +37,7 @@ function(build_library target_name)
 
     target_link_libraries(${target_name} ${LOG_LIB} android ggml)
     target_compile_definitions(${target_name} PUBLIC GGML_USE_CPU)
+    target_compile_definitions(${target_name} PRIVATE WHISPER_VERSION="${WHISPER_VERSION}")
 
     if (${target_name} STREQUAL "whisper_v8fp16_va")
         target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE -march=armv8.2-a+fp16)
diff --git a/examples/whisper.android/lib/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/whisper.android/lib/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt
index c986b417d55..a82d0d7b740 100644
--- a/examples/whisper.android/lib/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/whisper.android/lib/src/main/jni/whisper/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,17 @@ project(whisper.cpp)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
 set(WHISPER_LIB_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../../../../..)
 
+# Get whisper.cpp version
+file(READ "${WHISPER_LIB_DIR}/CMakeLists.txt" MAIN_CMAKE_CONTENT)
+string(REGEX MATCH "project\\(\"whisper\\.cpp\" VERSION ([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\\)" VERSION_MATCH "${MAIN_CMAKE_CONTENT}")
+if(CMAKE_MATCH_1)
+    set(WHISPER_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1} PARENT_SCOPE)
+else()
+    set(WHISPER_VERSION "unknown" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endif()
+
+message(STATUS " Whisper version: ${WHISPER_VERSION}")
+
 # Path to external GGML, otherwise uses the copy in whisper.cpp.
 option(GGML_HOME "whisper: Path to external GGML source" OFF)
 
@@ -26,6 +37,7 @@ function(build_library target_name)
     )
 
     target_compile_definitions(${target_name} PUBLIC GGML_USE_CPU)
+    target_compile_definitions(${target_name} PRIVATE WHISPER_VERSION="${WHISPER_VERSION}")
 
     if (${target_name} STREQUAL "whisper_v8fp16_va")
         target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE -march=armv8.2-a+fp16)
diff --git a/examples/whisper.wasm/README.md b/examples/whisper.wasm/README.md
index f1bb7cadde2..da629c5f3eb 100644
--- a/examples/whisper.wasm/README.md
+++ b/examples/whisper.wasm/README.md
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ audio is limited to 120 seconds.
 
 ## Live demo
 
-Link: https://ggerganov.github.io/whisper.cpp/
+Link: https://ggml.ai/whisper.cpp/
 
 ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1991296/197348344-1a7fead8-3dae-4922-8b06-df223a206603.png)
 
@@ -52,6 +52,16 @@ cp bin/libmain.js        /path/to/html/
 cp bin/libmain.worker.js /path/to/html/
 ```
 
+> 📝 **Note:** By default this example is built with `WHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=ON`
+> which means that that a separate .wasm file will not be generated. Instead, the
+> WASM module is embedded in the main JS file as a base64 encoded string. To
+> generate a separate .wasm file, you need to disable this option by passing
+> `-DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF`:
+> ```console
+> emcmake cmake .. -DWHISPER_WASM_SINGLE_FILE=OFF
+> ```
+> This will generate a `libmain.wasm` file in the build/bin directory.
+
 > 📝 **Note:** As of Emscripten 3.1.58 (April 2024), separate worker.js files are no
 > longer generated and the worker is embedded in the main JS file. So the worker
 > file will not be geneated for versions later than `3.1.58`.
diff --git a/examples/whisper.wasm/index-tmpl.html b/examples/whisper.wasm/index-tmpl.html
index 32fdf12f93e..91108e35378 100644
--- a/examples/whisper.wasm/index-tmpl.html
+++ b/examples/whisper.wasm/index-tmpl.html
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
                 <a href="bench.wasm/">bench</a> |
                 <a href="stream.wasm">stream</a> |
                 <a href="command.wasm/">command</a> |
+                <a href="wchess.wasm/">wchess</a> |
 
             <hr>
 
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@
                             <option value="de">German</option>
                             <option value="el">Greek</option>
                             <option value="gu">Gujarati</option>
-                            <option value="iw">Hebrew</option>
+                            <option value="he">Hebrew</option>
                             <option value="hi">Hindi</option>
                             <option value="hu">Hungarian</option>
                             <option value="is">Icelandic</option>
@@ -338,22 +339,22 @@
 
             function loadWhisper(model) {
                 let urls = {
-                    'tiny.en':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en.bin',
-                    'tiny':     'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.bin',
-                    'base.en':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en.bin',
-                    'base':     'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.bin',
-                    'small.en': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-small.en.bin',
-                    'small':    'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-small.bin',
-
-                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'tiny-q5_1':     'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-tiny-q5_1.bin',
-                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'base-q5_1':     'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-base-q5_1.bin',
-                    'small-en-q5_1': 'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-small.en-q5_1.bin',
-                    'small-q5_1':    'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-small-q5_1.bin',
-                    'medium-en-q5_0':'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-medium.en-q5_0.bin',
-                    'medium-q5_0':   'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-medium-q5_0.bin',
-                    'large-q5_0':    'https://whisper.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-whisper-large-q5_0.bin',
+                    'tiny.en':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en.bin',
+                    'tiny':     'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.bin',
+                    'base.en':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en.bin',
+                    'base':     'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.bin',
+                    'small.en': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-small.en.bin',
+                    'small':    'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-small.bin',
+
+                    'tiny-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'tiny-q5_1':     'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-tiny-q5_1.bin',
+                    'base-en-q5_1':  'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'base-q5_1':     'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-base-q5_1.bin',
+                    'small-en-q5_1': 'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-small.en-q5_1.bin',
+                    'small-q5_1':    'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-small-q5_1.bin',
+                    'medium-en-q5_0':'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-medium.en-q5_0.bin',
+                    'medium-q5_0':   'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-medium-q5_0.bin',
+                    'large-q5_0':    'https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-large-q5_0.bin',
                 };
 
                 let sizes = {
diff --git a/ggml/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/CMakeLists.txt
index 4e7399f9e68..c780077acaa 100644
--- a/ggml/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,41 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14) # for add_link_options and implicit target directories.
-project("ggml" C CXX)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14...3.28) # for add_link_options and implicit target directories.
+project("ggml" C CXX ASM)
+
+### GGML Version
+set(GGML_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
+set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 9)
+set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 8)
+set(GGML_VERSION_BASE "${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}.${GGML_VERSION_MINOR}.${GGML_VERSION_PATCH}")
+
+find_program(GIT_EXE NAMES git git.exe NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
+if(GIT_EXE)
+    # Get current git commit hash
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXE} rev-parse --short HEAD
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE GGML_BUILD_COMMIT
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+        ERROR_QUIET
+    )
+
+    # Check if the working directory is dirty (i.e., has uncommitted changes)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXE} diff-index --quiet HEAD -- .
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+        RESULT_VARIABLE GGML_GIT_DIRTY
+        ERROR_QUIET
+    )
+endif()
+
+set(GGML_VERSION "${GGML_VERSION_BASE}")
+
+if(NOT GGML_BUILD_COMMIT)
+    set(GGML_BUILD_COMMIT "unknown")
+endif()
+
+# Build the commit string with optional dirty flag
+if(DEFINED GGML_GIT_DIRTY AND GGML_GIT_DIRTY EQUAL 1)
+    set(GGML_BUILD_COMMIT "${GGML_BUILD_COMMIT}-dirty")
+endif()
+
 include(CheckIncludeFileCXX)
 
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
@@ -18,6 +54,10 @@ if (CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR)
     # TODO
 else()
     set(GGML_STANDALONE OFF)
+
+    if (NOT CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
+        set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+    endif()
 endif()
 
 if (EMSCRIPTEN)
@@ -39,8 +79,9 @@ if (WIN32)
     set(CMAKE_SHARED_MODULE_PREFIX  "")
 endif()
 
-option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "ggml: build shared libraries" ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_DEFAULT})
-option(GGML_BACKEND_DL   "ggml: build backends as dynamic libraries (requires BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)" OFF)
+option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS           "ggml: build shared libraries" ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_DEFAULT})
+option(GGML_BACKEND_DL             "ggml: build backends as dynamic libraries (requires BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)" OFF)
+set(GGML_BACKEND_DIR "" CACHE PATH "ggml: directory to load dynamic backends from (requires GGML_BACKEND_DL")
 
 #
 # option list
@@ -128,22 +169,21 @@ endif()
 option(GGML_LASX             "ggml: enable lasx"             ON)
 option(GGML_LSX              "ggml: enable lsx"              ON)
 option(GGML_RVV              "ggml: enable rvv"              ON)
-option(GGML_RV_ZFH           "ggml: enable riscv zfh"        OFF)
+option(GGML_RV_ZFH           "ggml: enable riscv zfh"        ON)
+option(GGML_RV_ZVFH          "ggml: enable riscv zvfh"       ON)
+option(GGML_RV_ZICBOP        "ggml: enable riscv zicbop"     ON)
+option(GGML_RV_ZIHINTPAUSE   "ggml: enable riscv zihintpause "  ON)
 option(GGML_XTHEADVECTOR     "ggml: enable xtheadvector"     OFF)
-option(GGML_VXE              "ggml: enable vxe"              ON)
+option(GGML_VXE              "ggml: enable vxe"              ${GGML_NATIVE})
 
 option(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS "ggml: build all variants of the CPU backend (requires GGML_BACKEND_DL)" OFF)
 set(GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH        "" CACHE STRING "ggml: CPU architecture for ARM")
 set(GGML_CPU_POWERPC_CPUTYPE "" CACHE STRING "ggml: CPU type for PowerPC")
 
-
-if (MINGW)
-    set(GGML_WIN_VER "0x602" CACHE STRING   "ggml: Windows version")
-endif()
-
 # ggml core
 set(GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES  "4" CACHE STRING "ggml: max input copies for pipeline parallelism")
 option(GGML_CPU                             "ggml: enable CPU backend"                        ON)
+option(GGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC                "ggml: disallow reallocations in ggml-alloc (for debugging)" OFF)
 
 # 3rd party libs / backends
 option(GGML_ACCELERATE                      "ggml: enable Accelerate framework"               ON)
@@ -156,7 +196,6 @@ option(GGML_CUDA                            "ggml: use CUDA"
 option(GGML_MUSA                            "ggml: use MUSA"                                  OFF)
 option(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ                  "ggml: use mmq kernels instead of cuBLAS"         OFF)
 option(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS               "ggml: always use cuBLAS instead of mmq kernels"  OFF)
-option(GGML_CUDA_F16                        "ggml: use 16 bit floats for some calculations"   OFF)
 set   (GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE "128" CACHE STRING
                                             "ggml: max. batch size for using peer access")
 option(GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY               "ggml: do not use peer to peer copies"            OFF)
@@ -172,7 +211,10 @@ option(GGML_HIP                             "ggml: use HIP"
 option(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS                      "ggml: use HIP graph, experimental, slow"         OFF)
 option(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM                      "ggml: do not try to use HIP VMM"                 ON)
 option(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN               "ggml: enable rocWMMA for FlashAttention"         OFF)
-option(GGML_HIP_FORCE_ROCWMMA_FATTN_GFX12   "ggml: enable rocWMMA FlashAttention on GFX12"    OFF)
+option(GGML_HIP_MMQ_MFMA                    "ggml: enable MFMA MMA for CDNA in MMQ"           ON)
+option(GGML_HIP_EXPORT_METRICS              "ggml: enable kernel perf metrics output"         OFF)
+option(GGML_MUSA_GRAPHS                     "ggml: use MUSA graph, experimental, unstable"    OFF)
+option(GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY                 "ggml: enable muDNN for accelerated copy"         OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN                          "ggml: use Vulkan"                                OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS            "ggml: run Vulkan op checks"                      OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN_DEBUG                    "ggml: enable Vulkan debug output"                OFF)
@@ -180,9 +222,15 @@ option(GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG             "ggml: enable Vulkan memory debug ou
 option(GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO        "ggml: enable Vulkan shader debug info"           OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE                 "ggml: enable Vulkan validation"                  OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS                "ggml: run Vulkan tests"                          OFF)
-option(GGML_KOMPUTE                         "ggml: use Kompute"                               OFF)
+option(GGML_WEBGPU                          "ggml: use WebGPU"                                OFF)
+option(GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG                    "ggml: enable WebGPU debug output"                OFF)
+option(GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE              "ggml: enable WebGPU profiling (CPU)"             OFF)
+option(GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE              "ggml: enable WebGPU profiling (GPU)"             OFF)
+option(GGML_WEBGPU_JSPI                     "ggml: use JSPI for WebGPU"                       ON)
+option(GGML_ZDNN                            "ggml: use zDNN"                                  OFF)
+option(GGML_VIRTGPU                         "ggml: use the VirtGPU/Virglrenderer API Remoting frontend"     OFF)
+option(GGML_VIRTGPU_BACKEND                 "ggml: build the VirtGPU/Virglrenderer API Remoting backend"    OFF)
 option(GGML_METAL                           "ggml: use Metal"                                 ${GGML_METAL_DEFAULT})
-option(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16                  "ggml: use bfloat if available"                   OFF)
 option(GGML_METAL_NDEBUG                    "ggml: disable Metal debugging"                   OFF)
 option(GGML_METAL_SHADER_DEBUG              "ggml: compile Metal with -fno-fast-math"         OFF)
 option(GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY             "ggml: embed Metal library"                       ${GGML_METAL})
@@ -200,16 +248,24 @@ set   (GGML_SYCL_TARGET "INTEL" CACHE STRING
 set   (GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH "" CACHE STRING
                                             "ggml: sycl device architecture")
 
+option(GGML_OPENVINO                        "ggml: use OPENVINO"                              OFF)
+
 option(GGML_OPENCL                          "ggml: use OpenCL"                                OFF)
 option(GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING                "ggml: use OpenCL profiling (increases overhead)" OFF)
 option(GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS            "ggml: embed kernels"                             ON)
 option(GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS       "ggml: use optimized kernels for Adreno"          ON)
 set   (GGML_OPENCL_TARGET_VERSION "300" CACHE STRING
-                                            "gmml: OpenCL API version to target")
+                                            "ggml: OpenCL API version to target")
+
+option(GGML_HEXAGON                         "ggml: enable Hexagon backend"                    OFF)
+set(GGML_HEXAGON_FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE 128 CACHE STRING "ggml: quantize group size (32, 64, or 128)")
 
 # toolchain for vulkan-shaders-gen
 set   (GGML_VULKAN_SHADERS_GEN_TOOLCHAIN "" CACHE FILEPATH "ggml: toolchain file for vulkan-shaders-gen")
 
+option(GGML_ZENDNN                          "ggml: use ZenDNN"                                OFF)
+option(ZENDNN_ROOT                          "ggml: path to ZenDNN installation"               "")
+
 # extra artifacts
 option(GGML_BUILD_TESTS    "ggml: build tests"    ${GGML_STANDALONE})
 option(GGML_BUILD_EXAMPLES "ggml: build examples" ${GGML_STANDALONE})
@@ -265,12 +321,15 @@ set(GGML_PUBLIC_HEADERS
     include/ggml-cann.h
     include/ggml-cpp.h
     include/ggml-cuda.h
-    include/ggml-kompute.h
     include/ggml-opt.h
     include/ggml-metal.h
     include/ggml-rpc.h
+    include/ggml-virtgpu.h
     include/ggml-sycl.h
     include/ggml-vulkan.h
+    include/ggml-webgpu.h
+    include/ggml-zendnn.h
+    include/ggml-openvino.h
     include/gguf.h)
 
 set_target_properties(ggml PROPERTIES PUBLIC_HEADER "${GGML_PUBLIC_HEADERS}")
@@ -293,26 +352,6 @@ endif()
 # Create CMake package
 #
 
-# Generate version info based on git commit.
-
-if(NOT DEFINED GGML_BUILD_NUMBER)
-    find_program(GIT_EXE NAMES git git.exe REQUIRED NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
-    execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXE} rev-list --count HEAD
-        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
-        OUTPUT_VARIABLE GGML_BUILD_NUMBER
-        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
-    )
-
-    if(GGML_BUILD_NUMBER EQUAL 1)
-        message(WARNING "GGML build version fixed at 1 likely due to a shallow clone.")
-    endif()
-
-    execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXE} rev-parse --short HEAD
-        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
-        OUTPUT_VARIABLE GGML_BUILD_COMMIT
-        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
-    )
-endif()
 
 
 # Capture variables prefixed with GGML_.
@@ -341,7 +380,7 @@ set(GGML_VARIABLES_EXPANDED ${variable_set_statements})
 
 # Create the CMake package and set install location.
 
-set(GGML_INSTALL_VERSION 0.0.${GGML_BUILD_NUMBER})
+set(GGML_INSTALL_VERSION ${GGML_VERSION})
 set(GGML_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH "Location of header  files")
 set(GGML_LIB_INSTALL_DIR     ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}     CACHE PATH "Location of library files")
 set(GGML_BIN_INSTALL_DIR     ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}     CACHE PATH "Location of binary  files")
@@ -359,6 +398,13 @@ write_basic_package_version_file(
     VERSION ${GGML_INSTALL_VERSION}
     COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion)
 
+target_compile_definitions(ggml-base PRIVATE
+    GGML_VERSION="${GGML_INSTALL_VERSION}"
+    GGML_COMMIT="${GGML_BUILD_COMMIT}"
+)
+message(STATUS "ggml version: ${GGML_INSTALL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "ggml commit:  ${GGML_BUILD_COMMIT}")
+
 install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-config.cmake
               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-version.cmake
         DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/ggml)
@@ -373,62 +419,79 @@ if (MSVC)
         /wd4996  # Disable POSIX deprecation warnings
         /wd4702  # Unreachable code warnings
     )
-    function(disable_msvc_warnings target_name)
+    set(MSVC_COMPILE_OPTIONS
+        "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/utf-8>"
+        "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>"
+    )
+    function(configure_msvc_target target_name)
         if(TARGET ${target_name})
             target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE ${MSVC_WARNING_FLAGS})
+            target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE ${MSVC_COMPILE_OPTIONS})
         endif()
     endfunction()
 
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-base)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu-x64)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu-sse42)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu-sandybridge)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu-haswell)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu-skylakex)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu-icelake)
-    disable_msvc_warnings(ggml-cpu-alderlake)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-base)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-x64)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-sse42)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-sandybridge)
+    # __FMA__ and __F16C__ are not defined in MSVC, however they are implied with AVX2/AVX512
+    # skipping            ggml-cpu-ivybridge
+    # skipping            ggml-cpu-piledriver
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-haswell)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-skylakex)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-cannonlake)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-cascadelake)
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-icelake)
+    # MSVC 2022 doesn't support BF16 intrinsics without `/arch:AVX10.1` ?!
+    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/intrinsics/x64-amd64-intrinsics-list?view=msvc-170
+    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/arch-x64?view=msvc-170
+    # skipping            ggml-cpu-cooperlake
+    # skipping            ggml-cpu-zen4
+    configure_msvc_target(ggml-cpu-alderlake)
+    # MSVC doesn't support AMX
+    # skipping            ggml-cpu-sapphirerapids
 
     if (GGML_BUILD_EXAMPLES)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(common-ggml)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(common)
+        configure_msvc_target(common-ggml)
+        configure_msvc_target(common)
 
-        disable_msvc_warnings(mnist-common)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(mnist-eval)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(mnist-train)
+        configure_msvc_target(mnist-common)
+        configure_msvc_target(mnist-eval)
+        configure_msvc_target(mnist-train)
 
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-2-ctx)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-2-alloc)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-2-backend)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-2-sched)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-2-quantize)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-2-batched)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-2-ctx)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-2-alloc)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-2-backend)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-2-sched)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-2-quantize)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-2-batched)
 
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-j)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(gpt-j-quantize)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-j)
+        configure_msvc_target(gpt-j-quantize)
 
-        disable_msvc_warnings(magika)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(yolov3-tiny)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(sam)
+        configure_msvc_target(magika)
+        configure_msvc_target(yolov3-tiny)
+        configure_msvc_target(sam)
 
-        disable_msvc_warnings(simple-ctx)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(simple-backend)
+        configure_msvc_target(simple-ctx)
+        configure_msvc_target(simple-backend)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_BUILD_TESTS)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-mul-mat)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-arange)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-backend-ops)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-cont)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-conv-transpose)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-conv-transpose-1d)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-conv1d)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-conv2d)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-conv2d-dw)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-customop)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-dup)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-opt)
-        disable_msvc_warnings(test-pool)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-mul-mat)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-arange)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-backend-ops)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-cont)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-conv-transpose)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-conv-transpose-1d)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-conv1d)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-conv2d)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-conv2d-dw)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-customop)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-dup)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-opt)
+        configure_msvc_target(test-pool)
     endif ()
 endif()
diff --git a/ggml/cmake/BuildTypes.cmake b/ggml/cmake/BuildTypes.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index a9c7b6c91ec..00000000000
--- a/ggml/cmake/BuildTypes.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# Add new build types
-
-# ReleaseGG - Release with enabled asserts
-
-SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASEGG
-    "-O3"
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used by the c++ compiler during release builds with enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASEGG
-    "-O3"
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used by the compiler during release builds with enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-SET(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASEGG
-    ""
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used for linking binaries during release builds with enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-SET(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASEGG
-    ""
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used by the shared libraries linker during release builds with enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-MARK_AS_ADVANCED(
-    CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASEGG
-    CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASEGG
-    CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASEGG
-    CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASEGG )
-
-# RelWithDebInfoGG - RelWithDebInfo with enabled asserts
-
-SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG
-    "-O2 -g"
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used by the c++ compiler during release builds with debug symbols and enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG
-    "-O2 -g"
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used by the compiler during release builds with debug symbols and enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-SET(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG
-    ""
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used for linking binaries during release builds with debug symbols and enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-SET(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG
-    ""
-    CACHE STRING "Flags used by the shared libraries linker during release builds with debug symbols and enabled asserts."
-    FORCE )
-MARK_AS_ADVANCED(
-    CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG
-    CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG
-    CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG
-    CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFOGG )
-
-if (NOT XCODE AND NOT MSVC AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
-    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
-    set_property(CACHE CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE PROPERTY STRINGS "Debug" "Release" "MinSizeRel" "RelWithDebInfo" "ReleaseGG" "RelWithDebInfoGG")
-endif()
diff --git a/ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in b/ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in
index 8c2dc31c6da..91c9d5cd343 100644
--- a/ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in
+++ b/ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in
@@ -1,152 +1,191 @@
-
-@GGML_VARIABLES_EXPANDED@
-
 @PACKAGE_INIT@
 
-set_and_check(GGML_INCLUDE_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR@")
-set_and_check(GGML_LIB_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_LIB_INSTALL_DIR@")
-#set_and_check(GGML_BIN_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_BIN_INSTALL_DIR@")
-
-find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
-
-find_library(GGML_LIBRARY ggml
-    REQUIRED
-    HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
-    NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
-
-add_library(ggml::ggml UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
-set_target_properties(ggml::ggml
-    PROPERTIES
-        IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GGML_LIBRARY}")
-
-find_library(GGML_BASE_LIBRARY ggml-base
-    REQUIRED
-    HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
-    NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
-
-add_library(ggml::ggml-base UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
-set_target_properties(ggml::ggml-base
-    PROPERTIES
-        IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GGML_BASE_LIBRARY}")
+@GGML_VARIABLES_EXPANDED@
 
+# Find all dependencies before creating any target.
+include(CMakeFindDependencyMacro)
+find_dependency(Threads)
 if (NOT GGML_SHARED_LIB)
+    set(GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "")
+    set(GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS   "")
+
     if (APPLE AND GGML_ACCELERATE)
-        find_library(ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK Accelerate REQUIRED)
+        find_library(ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK Accelerate)
+        if(NOT ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK)
+            set(${CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME}_FOUND 0)
+            return()
+        endif()
         list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK})
     endif()
 
-    if (GGML_OPENMP)
-        find_package(OpenMP REQUIRED)
+    if (GGML_OPENMP_ENABLED)
+        find_dependency(OpenMP)
         list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES OpenMP::OpenMP_C OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_CPU_HBM)
-        find_library(memkind memkind REQUIRED)
+        find_library(memkind memkind)
+        if(NOT memkind)
+            set(${CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME}_FOUND 0)
+            return()
+        endif()
         list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES memkind)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_BLAS)
-        find_package(BLAS REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
-        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS   ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
+        find_dependency(BLAS)
+        list(APPEND GGML_BLAS_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
+        list(APPEND GGML_BLAS_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS   ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_CUDA)
-        find_package(CUDAToolkit REQUIRED)
+        set(GGML_CUDA_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "")
+        find_dependency(CUDAToolkit)
+        if (GGML_STATIC)
+            list(APPEND GGML_CUDA_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES $<LINK_ONLY:CUDA::cudart_static>)
+            if (WIN32)
+                list(APPEND GGML_CUDA_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES $<LINK_ONLY:CUDA::cublas> $<LINK_ONLY:CUDA::cublasLt>)
+            else()
+                list(APPEND GGML_CUDA_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES $<LINK_ONLY:CUDA::cublas_static> $<LINK_ONLY:CUDA::cublasLt_static>)
+            endif()
+        endif()
+        if (NOT GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
+            list(APPEND GGML_CUDA_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES $<LINK_ONLY:CUDA::cuda_driver>)
+        endif()
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_METAL)
-        find_library(FOUNDATION_LIBRARY Foundation REQUIRED)
-        find_library(METAL_FRAMEWORK    Metal REQUIRED)
-        find_library(METALKIT_FRAMEWORK MetalKit REQUIRED)
+        find_library(FOUNDATION_LIBRARY Foundation)
+        find_library(METAL_FRAMEWORK    Metal)
+        find_library(METALKIT_FRAMEWORK MetalKit)
+        if(NOT FOUNDATION_LIBRARY OR NOT METAL_FRAMEWORK OR NOT METALKIT_FRAMEWORK)
+            set(${CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME}_FOUND 0)
+            return()
+        endif()
+        set(GGML_METAL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES
+            ${FOUNDATION_LIBRARY} ${METAL_FRAMEWORK} ${METALKIT_FRAMEWORK})
+    endif()
 
-        list(APPEND GGML_METAL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES
-                    ${FOUNDATION_LIBRARY} ${METAL_FRAMEWORK} ${METALKIT_FRAMEWORK})
+    if (GGML_OPENCL)
+        find_dependency(OpenCL)
+        set(GGML_OPENCL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES $<LINK_ONLY:OpenCL::OpenCL>)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_VULKAN)
-        find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND GGML_VULKAN_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES Vulkan::Vulkan)
+        find_dependency(Vulkan)
+        set(GGML_VULKAN_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES $<LINK_ONLY:Vulkan::Vulkan>)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_HIP)
-        find_package(hip     REQUIRED)
-        find_package(hipblas REQUIRED)
-        find_package(rocblas REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND GGML_HIP_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES hip::host roc::rocblas roc::hipblas)
+        find_dependency(hip)
+        find_dependency(hipblas)
+        find_dependency(rocblas)
+        set(GGML_HIP_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES hip::host roc::rocblas roc::hipblas)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_SYCL)
+        set(GGML_SYCL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "")
         find_package(DNNL)
         if (${DNNL_FOUND} AND GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "INTEL")
             list(APPEND GGML_SYCL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES DNNL::dnnl)
         endif()
         if (WIN32)
-            find_package(IntelSYCL REQUIRED)
-            find_package(MKL       REQUIRED)
+            find_dependency(IntelSYCL)
+            find_dependency(MKL)
             list(APPEND GGML_SYCL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES IntelSYCL::SYCL_CXX MKL::MKL MKL::MKL_SYCL)
         endif()
     endif()
 endif()
 
-set(_ggml_all_targets "")
-foreach(_ggml_backend ${GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS})
-    string(REPLACE "-" "_" _ggml_backend_pfx "${_ggml_backend}")
-    string(TOUPPER "${_ggml_backend_pfx}" _ggml_backend_pfx)
+set_and_check(GGML_INCLUDE_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR@")
+set_and_check(GGML_LIB_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_LIB_INSTALL_DIR@")
+#set_and_check(GGML_BIN_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_BIN_INSTALL_DIR@")
 
-    find_library(${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY ${_ggml_backend}
+if(NOT TARGET ggml::ggml)
+    find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+
+    find_library(GGML_LIBRARY ggml
         REQUIRED
         HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
         NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
 
-    message(STATUS "Found ${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY}")
+    add_library(ggml::ggml UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+    set_target_properties(ggml::ggml
+        PROPERTIES
+            IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GGML_LIBRARY}")
+
+    find_library(GGML_BASE_LIBRARY ggml-base
+        REQUIRED
+        HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
+        NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
 
-    add_library(ggml::${_ggml_backend} UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
-    set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+    add_library(ggml::ggml-base UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+    set_target_properties(ggml::ggml-base
         PROPERTIES
-            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GGML_INCLUDE_DIR}"
-            IMPORTED_LINK_INTERFACE_LANGUAGES "CXX"
-            IMPORTED_LOCATION "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY}"
-            INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES c_std_90
-            POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
-
-    string(REGEX MATCH "^ggml-cpu" is_cpu_variant "${_ggml_backend}")
-    if(is_cpu_variant)
-        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml-base")
-        set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
-           PROPERTIES
-               INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
-
-        if(GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS)
-            set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
-                PROPERTIES
-                    INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "${GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS}")
-        endif()
+            IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GGML_BASE_LIBRARY}")
+
+    set(_ggml_all_targets "")
+    if (NOT GGML_BACKEND_DL)
+        foreach(_ggml_backend ${GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS})
+            string(REPLACE "-" "_" _ggml_backend_pfx "${_ggml_backend}")
+            string(TOUPPER "${_ggml_backend_pfx}" _ggml_backend_pfx)
 
-    else()
-        list(APPEND ${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml-base")
-        set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
-            PROPERTIES
-                INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
+            find_library(${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY ${_ggml_backend}
+                REQUIRED
+                HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
+                NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
 
-        if(${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS)
+            message(STATUS "Found ${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY}")
+
+            add_library(ggml::${_ggml_backend} UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
             set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
                 PROPERTIES
-                    INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS}")
-        endif()
+                    INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GGML_INCLUDE_DIR}"
+                    IMPORTED_LINK_INTERFACE_LANGUAGES "CXX"
+                    IMPORTED_LOCATION "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY}"
+                    INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES c_std_90
+                    POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+
+            string(REGEX MATCH "^ggml-cpu" is_cpu_variant "${_ggml_backend}")
+            if(is_cpu_variant)
+                list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml-base")
+                set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+                PROPERTIES
+                    INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
+
+                if(GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS)
+                    set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+                        PROPERTIES
+                            INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "${GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS}")
+                endif()
+
+            else()
+                list(APPEND ${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml-base")
+                set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+                    PROPERTIES
+                        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
+
+                if(${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS)
+                    set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+                        PROPERTIES
+                            INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS}")
+                endif()
+            endif()
+
+            list(APPEND _ggml_all_targets ggml::${_ggml_backend})
+        endforeach()
     endif()
 
-    list(APPEND _ggml_all_targets ggml::${_ggml_backend})
-endforeach()
+    list(APPEND GGML_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ggml::ggml-base "${_ggml_all_targets}")
+    set_target_properties(ggml::ggml
+        PROPERTIES
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${GGML_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
 
-list(APPEND GGML_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ggml::ggml-base "${_ggml_all_targets}")
-set_target_properties(ggml::ggml
-    PROPERTIES
-        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${GGML_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
+    add_library(ggml::all INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+    set_target_properties(ggml::all
+        PROPERTIES
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${_ggml_all_targets}")
 
-add_library(ggml::all INTERFACE IMPORTED)
-set_target_properties(ggml::all
-    PROPERTIES
-        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${_ggml_all_targets}")
+endif()
 
 check_required_components(ggml)
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-alloc.h b/ggml/include/ggml-alloc.h
index 2cb150fd2a3..78aa059dde3 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-alloc.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-alloc.h
@@ -53,7 +53,14 @@ GGML_API void           ggml_gallocr_free(ggml_gallocr_t galloc);
 // call with a worst-case graph to avoid buffer reallocations
 // not strictly required for single buffer usage: ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph will reallocate the buffers automatically if needed
 // returns false if the buffer allocation failed
+// ggml_gallocr_resrve_n_size writes the buffer sizes per galloc buffer that would be allocated by ggml_gallocr_reserve_n to sizes
 GGML_API bool ggml_gallocr_reserve(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);
+GGML_API void ggml_gallocr_reserve_n_size(
+    ggml_gallocr_t galloc,
+    struct ggml_cgraph * graph,
+    const int * node_buffer_ids,
+    const int * leaf_buffer_ids,
+    size_t * sizes);
 GGML_API bool ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(
     ggml_gallocr_t galloc,
     struct ggml_cgraph * graph,
@@ -68,6 +75,8 @@ GGML_API size_t ggml_gallocr_get_buffer_size(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, int buffer_i
 
 // Utils
 // Create a buffer and allocate all the tensors in a ggml_context
+// ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_size returns the size of the buffer that would be allocated by ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft
+GGML_API size_t                       ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_size(struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
 GGML_API struct ggml_backend_buffer * ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
 GGML_API struct ggml_backend_buffer * ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors(struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_t backend);
 
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h b/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h
index 778927f6821..9fd3f7f32a0 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU,
         // GPU device using dedicated memory
         GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU,
+        // integrated GPU device using host memory
+        GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU,
         // accelerator devices intended to be used together with the CPU backend (e.g. BLAS or AMX)
         GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_ACCEL
     };
@@ -150,11 +152,21 @@ extern "C" {
 
     // all the device properties
     struct ggml_backend_dev_props {
+        // device name
         const char * name;
+        // device description
         const char * description;
+        // device free memory in bytes
         size_t memory_free;
+        // device total memory in bytes
         size_t memory_total;
+        // device type
         enum ggml_backend_dev_type type;
+        // device id
+        //   for PCI devices, this should be the PCI bus id formatted as "domain:bus:device.function" (e.g. "0000:01:00.0")
+        //   if the id is unknown, this should be NULL
+        const char * device_id;
+        // device capabilities
         struct ggml_backend_dev_caps caps;
     };
 
@@ -203,6 +215,8 @@ extern "C" {
     // Backend registry
     //
 
+    GGML_API void ggml_backend_register(ggml_backend_reg_t reg);
+
     GGML_API void ggml_backend_device_register(ggml_backend_dev_t device);
 
     // Backend (reg) enumeration
@@ -245,7 +259,7 @@ extern "C" {
       Example usage:
 
         // operations that use tensors allocated in a buffer with USAGE_WEIGHTS will be assigned
-        // preferrably to run on the same backend as the buffer
+        // preferably to run on the same backend as the buffer
         ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(buf_weights, GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS);
 
         sched = ggml_backend_sched_new({backend_gpu, backend_gpu2, backend_cpu}, NULL, num_backends, GGML_DEFAULT_GRAPH_SIZE, false, true);
@@ -293,6 +307,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_free(ggml_backend_sched_t sched);
 
     // Initialize backend buffers from a measure graph
+    GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_reserve_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * measure_graph, size_t * sizes);
     GGML_API bool                 ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * measure_graph); // returns success
 
     GGML_API int                  ggml_backend_sched_get_n_backends(ggml_backend_sched_t sched);
@@ -302,11 +317,15 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API int                  ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched);
     GGML_API int                  ggml_backend_sched_get_n_copies(ggml_backend_sched_t sched);
 
-    GGML_API size_t               ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend);
+    GGML_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend);
+    GGML_API size_t                     ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend);
 
     GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node, ggml_backend_t backend);
     GGML_API ggml_backend_t       ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node);
 
+    // Split graph without allocating it
+    GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);
+
     // Allocate and compute graph on the backend scheduler
     GGML_API bool                 ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph); // returns success
     GGML_API enum ggml_status     ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);
@@ -339,7 +358,7 @@ extern "C" {
     typedef bool (*ggml_backend_eval_callback)(int node_index, struct ggml_tensor * t1, struct ggml_tensor * t2, void * user_data);
 
     // Compare the output of two backends
-    GGML_API bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t backend2, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, ggml_backend_eval_callback callback, void * user_data);
+    GGML_API bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t backend2, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, ggml_backend_eval_callback callback, void * user_data, struct ggml_tensor const * const * test_nodes, size_t num_test_nodes);
 
     // Tensor initialization
     GGML_API enum ggml_status ggml_backend_tensor_alloc(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * addr);
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-cann.h b/ggml/include/ggml-cann.h
index b469e228d06..74af465337a 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-cann.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-cann.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-cpu.h b/ggml/include/ggml-cpu.h
index de77a875ec5..e3e067c916f 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-cpu.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-cpu.h
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ extern "C" {
         // abort ggml_graph_compute when true
         ggml_abort_callback abort_callback;
         void *              abort_callback_data;
+
+        // use only reference implementations
+        bool use_ref;
     };
 
     // numa strategies
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_sme        (void);
     // other
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v    (void);
+    GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_get_rvv_vlen   (void);  // risc-v vector length in bytes
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_vsx        (void);
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_vxe        (void);
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_wasm_simd  (void);
@@ -131,8 +135,12 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_cpu_set_threadpool    (ggml_backend_t backend_cpu, ggml_threadpool_t threadpool);
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_cpu_set_abort_callback(ggml_backend_t backend_cpu, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * abort_callback_data);
 
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_cpu_set_use_ref(ggml_backend_t backend_cpu, bool use_ref);
+
     GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_cpu_reg(void);
 
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp32(const float *,       float *, int64_t);
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_i32 (const float *,     int32_t *, int64_t);
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp16(const float *, ggml_fp16_t *, int64_t);
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp16_to_fp32(const ggml_fp16_t *, float *, int64_t);
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_bf16(const float *, ggml_bf16_t *, int64_t);
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-hexagon.h b/ggml/include/ggml-hexagon.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6e079004103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-hexagon.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// backend API
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_hexagon_init(void);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_hexagon(ggml_backend_t backend);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_hexagon_reg(void);
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-kompute.h b/ggml/include/ggml-kompute.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 154aa56a742..00000000000
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-kompute.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "ggml.h"
-#include "ggml-backend.h"
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-#define GGML_KOMPUTE_MAX_DEVICES 16
-
-struct ggml_vk_device {
-    int index;
-    int type; // same as VkPhysicalDeviceType
-    size_t heapSize;
-    const char * name;
-    const char * vendor;
-    int subgroupSize;
-    uint64_t bufferAlignment;
-    uint64_t maxAlloc;
-};
-
-struct ggml_vk_device * ggml_vk_available_devices(size_t memoryRequired, size_t * count);
-bool ggml_vk_get_device(struct ggml_vk_device * device, size_t memoryRequired, const char * name);
-bool ggml_vk_has_vulkan(void);
-bool ggml_vk_has_device(void);
-struct ggml_vk_device ggml_vk_current_device(void);
-
-//
-// backend API
-//
-
-// forward declaration
-typedef struct ggml_backend * ggml_backend_t;
-
-GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_kompute_init(int device);
-
-GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_kompute(ggml_backend_t backend);
-
-GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type(int device);
-
-GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_kompute_reg(void);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-metal.h b/ggml/include/ggml-metal.h
index a6106944234..433838f0d6d 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-metal.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-metal.h
@@ -39,18 +39,13 @@ extern "C" {
 // user-code should use only these functions
 //
 
+// TODO: remove in the future
 GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_metal_init(void);
 
 GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_metal(ggml_backend_t backend);
 
-GGML_DEPRECATED(
-        GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr(void * data, size_t size, size_t max_size),
-        "obsoleted by the new device interface - https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/9713");
-
 GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_metal_set_abort_callback(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * user_data);
 
-GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type(void);
-
 // helper to check if the device supports a specific family
 // ideally, the user code should be doing these checks
 // ref: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Feature-Set-Tables.pdf
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-openvino.h b/ggml/include/ggml-openvino.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c43beb07b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-openvino.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define GGML_OPENVINO_NAME "OPENVINO"
+
+// backend API
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_openvino_init(int device);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_openvino(ggml_backend_t backend);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_openvino(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_buft_is_openvino(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_buft_is_openvino_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API size_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_ctx_id(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer);
+
+// device buffer
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type(int device);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type(int device);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count(void);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_openvino_reg(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-opt.h b/ggml/include/ggml-opt.h
index 74ec080a055..1c2ed79b774 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-opt.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-opt.h
@@ -74,16 +74,26 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OPT_BUILD_TYPE_OPT     = 30,
     };
 
+    enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type {
+        GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW,
+        GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_SGD,
+
+        GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_COUNT
+    };
+
     // parameters that control which optimizer is used and how said optimizer tries to find the minimal loss
     struct ggml_opt_optimizer_params {
-        // AdamW optimizer parameters
         struct {
             float alpha; // learning rate
-            float beta1;
-            float beta2;
+            float beta1; // first AdamW momentum
+            float beta2; // second AdamW momentum
             float eps;   // epsilon for numerical stability
-            float wd;    // weight decay for AdamW, use 0.0f to disable
+            float wd;    // weight decay - 0.0f to disable
         } adamw;
+        struct {
+            float alpha; // learning rate
+            float wd;    // weight decay
+        } sgd;
     };
 
     // callback to calculate optimizer parameters prior to a backward pass
@@ -112,8 +122,11 @@ extern "C" {
 
         int32_t opt_period; // after how many gradient accumulation steps an optimizer step should be done
 
-        ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params get_opt_pars; // callback for calculating optimizer parameters
-        void * get_opt_pars_ud;                     // userdata for calculating optimizer parameters
+        ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params get_opt_pars;    // callback for calculating optimizer parameters
+        void *                        get_opt_pars_ud; // userdata for calculating optimizer parameters
+
+        // only GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW needs m, v momenta per parameter tensor
+        enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type optimizer;
     };
 
     // get parameters for an optimization context with defaults set where possible
@@ -125,7 +138,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API ggml_opt_context_t ggml_opt_init(struct ggml_opt_params params);
     GGML_API void ggml_opt_free(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx);
 
-    // set gradients to zero, initilize loss, and optionally reset the optimizer
+    // set gradients to zero, initialize loss, and optionally reset the optimizer
     GGML_API void ggml_opt_reset(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx, bool optimizer);
 
     GGML_API bool ggml_opt_static_graphs(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx); // whether the graphs are allocated_statically
@@ -142,6 +155,10 @@ extern "C" {
     // get the gradient accumulator for a node from the forward graph
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_opt_grad_acc(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx, struct ggml_tensor * node);
 
+    GGML_API enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type ggml_opt_context_optimizer_type(ggml_opt_context_t); //TODO consistent naming scheme
+
+    GGML_API const char * ggml_opt_optimizer_name(enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type);
+
     // ====== Optimization Result ======
 
     GGML_API ggml_opt_result_t ggml_opt_result_init(void);
@@ -226,12 +243,14 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor            * outputs,        // output tensor, must have shape [ne_label, ndata_batch] if labels are used
             ggml_opt_dataset_t              dataset,        // dataset with data and optionally also labels
             enum ggml_opt_loss_type         loss_type,      // loss to minimize
+            enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type    optimizer,      // sgd or adamw
             ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params   get_opt_pars,   // callback to get optimizer params, userdata is pointer to epoch (of type int64_t)
             int64_t                         nepoch,         // how many times the dataset should be iterated over
             int64_t                         nbatch_logical, // datapoints optimizer step, must be a multiple of ndata_batch in inputs/outputs
             float                           val_split,      // fraction of the dataset to use for validation, must be in [0.0f, 1.0f)
             bool                            silent);        // whether or not info prints to stderr should be suppressed
 
+
 #ifdef  __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-rpc.h b/ggml/include/ggml-rpc.h
index 1e674112767..1c11495b66e 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-rpc.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-rpc.h
@@ -1,32 +1,34 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
 
 #ifdef  __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#define RPC_PROTO_MAJOR_VERSION    2
-#define RPC_PROTO_MINOR_VERSION    0
-#define RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION    0
+#define RPC_PROTO_MAJOR_VERSION    3
+#define RPC_PROTO_MINOR_VERSION    6
+#define RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION    1
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+static_assert(GGML_OP_COUNT == 96, "GGML_OP_COUNT has changed - update RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION");
+#endif
+
 #define GGML_RPC_MAX_SERVERS       16
 
 // backend API
-GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_init(const char * endpoint);
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_init(const char * endpoint, uint32_t device);
 GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_rpc(ggml_backend_t backend);
 
-GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(const char * endpoint);
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(const char * endpoint, uint32_t device);
 
-GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_memory(const char * endpoint, size_t * free, size_t * total);
+GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_memory(const char * endpoint, uint32_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total);
 
-GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_rpc_start_server(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * endpoint,
-                                                    const char * cache_dir,
-                                                    size_t free_mem, size_t total_mem);
+GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_rpc_start_server(const char * endpoint, const char * cache_dir,
+                                                    size_t n_threads, size_t n_devices, ggml_backend_dev_t * devices);
 
 GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_rpc_reg(void);
-
-GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_rpc_add_device(const char * endpoint);
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_rpc_add_server(const char * endpoint);
 
 #ifdef  __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-virtgpu.h b/ggml/include/ggml-virtgpu.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..faaba8f246d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-virtgpu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_virtgpu_reg();
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-webgpu.h b/ggml/include/ggml-webgpu.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..65b8ed9bb66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-webgpu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_NAME "WebGPU"
+
+// Needed for examples in ggml
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_webgpu_init(void);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_webgpu_reg(void);
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-zdnn.h b/ggml/include/ggml-zdnn.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fbf45b6e1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-zdnn.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// device buffer
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type(void);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_zdnn_reg(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-zendnn.h b/ggml/include/ggml-zendnn.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a30a3a98088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-zendnn.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// backend API
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_zendnn_init(void);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_zendnn(ggml_backend_t backend);
+
+// number of threads used for zendnn operations
+GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_zendnn_set_n_threads(ggml_backend_t backend_zendnn, int n_threads);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_zendnn_reg(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml.h b/ggml/include/ggml.h
index 9c4e24023b5..669f66b650f 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // This documentation is still a work in progress.
 // If you wish some specific topics to be covered, feel free to drop a comment:
 //
-//   https://github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/issues/40
+//   https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/issues/40
 //
 // ## Overview
 //
@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@
 #    define GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...) __attribute__((format(printf, __VA_ARGS__)))
 #endif
 
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
+#    define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0A00
+#endif
+
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -230,6 +234,11 @@
 
 #if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xFFFFFFFF
     #define GGML_MEM_ALIGN 4
+#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+// emscripten uses max_align_t == 8, so we need GGML_MEM_ALIGN == 8 for 64-bit wasm.
+// (for 32-bit wasm, the first conditional is true and GGML_MEM_ALIGN stays 4.)
+// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18628
+    #define GGML_MEM_ALIGN 8
 #else
     #define GGML_MEM_ALIGN 16
 #endif
@@ -237,11 +246,23 @@
 #define GGML_EXIT_SUCCESS 0
 #define GGML_EXIT_ABORTED 1
 
+// TODO: convert to enum https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16187#discussion_r2388538726
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL 0
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX   2
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE  8
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION 24
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE 40 // binary: 101000
+
+#define GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS   4
 
 #define GGML_UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+template<typename... Args>
+__host__ __device__ constexpr inline void ggml_unused_vars_impl(Args&&...) noexcept {}
+#define GGML_UNUSED_VARS(...) ggml_unused_vars_impl(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define GGML_UNUSED_VARS(...) do { (void)sizeof((__VA_ARGS__, 0)); } while(0)
+#endif // __CUDACC__
 
 #define GGML_PAD(x, n) (((x) + (n) - 1) & ~((n) - 1))
 
@@ -275,19 +296,19 @@
 //    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb1, src1, nb);
 //
 #define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_1(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
-    const type prefix##0 = (pointer)->array[0]; \
+    const type prefix##0 = (pointer) ? (pointer)->array[0] : 0; \
     GGML_UNUSED(prefix##0);
 #define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_2(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_1    (type, prefix, pointer, array) \
-    const type prefix##1 = (pointer)->array[1]; \
+    const type prefix##1 = (pointer) ? (pointer)->array[1] : 0; \
     GGML_UNUSED(prefix##1);
 #define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_3(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_2    (type, prefix, pointer, array) \
-    const type prefix##2 = (pointer)->array[2]; \
+    const type prefix##2 = (pointer) ? (pointer)->array[2] : 0; \
     GGML_UNUSED(prefix##2);
 #define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_3  (type, prefix, pointer, array) \
-    const type prefix##3 = (pointer)->array[3]; \
+    const type prefix##3 = (pointer) ? (pointer)->array[3] : 0; \
     GGML_UNUSED(prefix##3);
 
 #define GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS \
@@ -304,6 +325,16 @@
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne) \
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
+#define GGML_TENSOR_TERNARY_OP_LOCALS \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne) \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb) \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne1, src1, ne) \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb1, src1, nb) \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne2, src2, ne) \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb2, src2, nb) \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne) \
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
+
 #define GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS01 \
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne) \
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb) \
@@ -314,6 +345,13 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+    // Function type used in fatal error callbacks
+    typedef void (*ggml_abort_callback_t)(const char * error_message);
+
+    // Set the abort callback (passing null will restore original abort functionality: printing a message to stdout)
+    // Returns the old callback for chaining
+    GGML_API ggml_abort_callback_t ggml_set_abort_callback(ggml_abort_callback_t callback);
+
     GGML_NORETURN GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(3, 4)
     GGML_API void ggml_abort(const char * file, int line, const char * fmt, ...);
 
@@ -388,7 +426,9 @@ extern "C" {
         // GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL_4_4 = 36,
         // GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL_4_8 = 37,
         // GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL_8_8 = 38,
-        GGML_TYPE_COUNT   = 39,
+        GGML_TYPE_MXFP4   = 39, // MXFP4 (1 block)
+        GGML_TYPE_NVFP4   = 40, // NVFP4 (4 blocks, E4M3 scale)
+        GGML_TYPE_COUNT   = 41,
     };
 
     // precision
@@ -423,6 +463,8 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS  = 22, // except 1d tensors
         GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M   = 23, // except 1d tensors
         GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_BF16    = 24, // except 1d tensors
+        GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4   = 25, // except 1d tensors
+        GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4   = 26, // except 1d tensors
     };
 
     // available tensor operations:
@@ -431,6 +473,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
         GGML_OP_DUP,
         GGML_OP_ADD,
+        GGML_OP_ADD_ID,
         GGML_OP_ADD1,
         GGML_OP_ACC,
         GGML_OP_SUB,
@@ -443,6 +486,7 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_COS,
         GGML_OP_SUM,
         GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS,
+        GGML_OP_CUMSUM,
         GGML_OP_MEAN,
         GGML_OP_ARGMAX,
         GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL,
@@ -470,6 +514,7 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE,
         GGML_OP_GET_ROWS,
         GGML_OP_GET_ROWS_BACK,
+        GGML_OP_SET_ROWS,
         GGML_OP_DIAG,
         GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF,
         GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_ZERO,
@@ -481,19 +526,25 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D,
         GGML_OP_IM2COL,
         GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK,
+        GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D,
+        GGML_OP_CONV_2D,
+        GGML_OP_CONV_3D,
         GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW,
         GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D,
         GGML_OP_POOL_1D,
         GGML_OP_POOL_2D,
         GGML_OP_POOL_2D_BACK,
-        GGML_OP_UPSCALE, // nearest interpolate
+        GGML_OP_UPSCALE,
         GGML_OP_PAD,
         GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D,
         GGML_OP_ROLL,
         GGML_OP_ARANGE,
         GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING,
         GGML_OP_ARGSORT,
+        GGML_OP_TOP_K,
         GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU,
+        GGML_OP_TRI,
+        GGML_OP_FILL,
 
         GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT,
         GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_BACK,
@@ -506,6 +557,8 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6,
         GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN,
         GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7,
+        GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI,
+        GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET,
 
         GGML_OP_UNARY,
 
@@ -518,6 +571,9 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS,
         GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK,
         GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW,
+        GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD,
+
+        GGML_OP_GLU,
 
         GGML_OP_COUNT,
     };
@@ -537,11 +593,29 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC,
 
         GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT,
     };
 
+    enum ggml_glu_op {
+        GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU,
+        GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU,
+        GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU,
+        GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI,
+        GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF,
+        GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK,
+
+        GGML_GLU_OP_COUNT,
+    };
+
     enum ggml_object_type {
         GGML_OBJECT_TYPE_TENSOR,
         GGML_OBJECT_TYPE_GRAPH,
@@ -559,10 +633,18 @@ extern "C" {
 
     // this tensor...
     enum ggml_tensor_flag {
-        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT  =  1, // ...is an input for the GGML compute graph
-        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_OUTPUT =  2, // ...is an output for the GGML compute graph
-        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_PARAM  =  4, // ...contains trainable parameters
-        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_LOSS   =  8, // ...defines loss for numerical optimization (multiple loss tensors add up)
+        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT   =  1, // ...is an input for the GGML compute graph
+        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_OUTPUT  =  2, // ...is an output for the GGML compute graph
+        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_PARAM   =  4, // ...contains trainable parameters
+        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_LOSS    =  8, // ...defines loss for numerical optimization (multiple loss tensors add up)
+        GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE = 16, // ...must be computed
+    };
+
+    enum ggml_tri_type {
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER_DIAG = 0,
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER      = 1,
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG = 2,
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER      = 3
     };
 
     struct ggml_init_params {
@@ -627,6 +709,9 @@ extern "C" {
 
     // misc
 
+    GGML_API const char * ggml_version(void);
+    GGML_API const char * ggml_commit(void);
+
     GGML_API void    ggml_time_init(void); // call this once at the beginning of the program
     GGML_API int64_t ggml_time_ms(void);
     GGML_API int64_t ggml_time_us(void);
@@ -657,6 +742,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API const char * ggml_op_symbol(enum ggml_op   op);
 
     GGML_API const char * ggml_unary_op_name(enum ggml_unary_op op);
+    GGML_API const char * ggml_glu_op_name(enum ggml_glu_op op);
     GGML_API const char * ggml_op_desc(const struct ggml_tensor * t); // unary or op name
 
     GGML_API size_t  ggml_element_size(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
@@ -669,6 +755,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API bool ggml_is_transposed(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API bool ggml_is_permuted  (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API bool ggml_is_empty     (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+    GGML_API bool ggml_is_view      (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API bool ggml_is_scalar    (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API bool ggml_is_vector    (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API bool ggml_is_matrix    (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
@@ -687,6 +774,9 @@ extern "C" {
     // true for tensor that is stored in memory as CxWxHxN and has been permuted to WxHxCxN
     GGML_API bool ggml_is_contiguous_channels(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 
+    // true if the elements in dimension 0 are contiguous, or there is just 1 block of elements
+    GGML_API bool ggml_is_contiguous_rows(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+
     GGML_API bool ggml_are_same_shape (const struct ggml_tensor * t0, const struct ggml_tensor * t1);
     GGML_API bool ggml_are_same_stride(const struct ggml_tensor * t0, const struct ggml_tensor * t1);
 
@@ -758,6 +848,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API void ggml_unravel_index(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int64_t i, int64_t * i0, int64_t * i1, int64_t * i2, int64_t * i3);
 
     GGML_API enum ggml_unary_op ggml_get_unary_op(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+    GGML_API enum ggml_glu_op ggml_get_glu_op(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 
     GGML_API void *  ggml_get_data    (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API float * ggml_get_data_f32(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
@@ -802,6 +893,13 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * b,
             enum   ggml_type      type);
 
+    // dst[i0, i1, i2] = a[i0, i1, i2] + b[i0, ids[i1, i2]]
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add_id(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * ids);
+
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add1(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -887,6 +985,22 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_expm1(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_expm1_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_softplus(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_softplus_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sin(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
@@ -913,6 +1027,10 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cumsum(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
     // mean along rows
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mean(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -1086,6 +1204,148 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_floor(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_floor_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_ceil(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_ceil_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_round(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_round_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+     /**
+     * Truncates the fractional part of each element in the tensor (towards zero).
+     * For example: trunc(3.7) = 3.0, trunc(-2.9) = -2.0
+     * Similar to std::trunc in C/C++.
+     */
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_trunc(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_trunc_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+
+
+    // xIELU activation function
+    // x = x * (c_a(alpha_n) + c_b(alpha_p, beta) * sigmoid(beta * x)) + eps * (x > 0)
+    // where c_a = softplus and c_b(a, b) = softplus(a) + b are constraining functions
+    // that constrain the positive and negative source alpha values respectively
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_xielu(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            float alpha_n,
+            float alpha_p,
+            float beta,
+            float eps);
+
+    // gated linear unit ops
+    // A: n columns, r rows,
+    // result is n / 2 columns, r rows,
+    // expects gate in second half of row, unless swapped is true
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_glu(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+             struct ggml_tensor * a,
+             enum ggml_glu_op     op,
+             bool                 swapped);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_reglu(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_reglu_swapped(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_swapped(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu_swapped(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_erf(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_erf_swapped(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_quick(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_quick_swapped(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    // A: n columns, r rows,
+    // B: n columns, r rows,
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_glu_split(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+             struct ggml_tensor * a,
+             struct ggml_tensor * b,
+             enum ggml_glu_op     op);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_reglu_split(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_split(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu_split(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_erf_split(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_quick_split(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu_oai(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+            float                 alpha,
+            float                 limit);
+
     // normalize along rows
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_norm(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -1185,6 +1445,19 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
             float                 s);
 
+    // x = s * a + b
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_scale_bias(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        float                 s,
+        float                 b);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_scale_bias_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        float                 s,
+        float                 b);
+
     // b -> view(a,offset,nb1,nb2,3), return modified a
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_set(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -1239,6 +1512,7 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
             struct ggml_tensor  * b);
 
+    // note: casting from f32 to i32 will discard the fractional part
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cast(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -1363,7 +1637,11 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
-    // supports 3D: a->ne[2] == b->ne[1]
+    // supports 4D a:
+    // a     [n_embd, ne1, ne2, ne3]
+    // b I32 [n_rows, ne2, ne3, 1]
+    //
+    // return [n_embd, n_rows, ne2, ne3]
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_rows(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,  // data
@@ -1375,6 +1653,23 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * b,  // row indices
             struct ggml_tensor  * c); // data for ggml_get_rows, only used for its shape
 
+    // a TD  [n_embd, ne1,    ne2,    ne3]
+    // b TS  [n_embd, n_rows, ne02,   ne03] | ne02 == ne2, ne03 == ne3
+    // c I64 [n_rows, ne11,   ne12,   1]    | c[i] in [0, ne1)
+    //
+    // undefined behavior if destination rows overlap
+    //
+    // broadcast:
+    //   ne2 % ne11 == 0
+    //   ne3 % ne12 == 0
+    //
+    // return view(a)
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_set_rows(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,  // destination
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,  // source
+            struct ggml_tensor  * c); // row indices
+
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_diag(
         struct ggml_context     * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor      * a);
@@ -1412,8 +1707,14 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
+    // a    [ne0, ne01, ne02, ne03]
+    // mask [ne0, ne11, ne12, ne13] | ne11 >= ne01, F16 or F32, optional
+    //
+    // broadcast:
+    //   ne02 % ne12 == 0
+    //   ne03 % ne13 == 0
+    //
     // fused soft_max(a*scale + mask*(ALiBi slope))
-    // mask is optional
     // max_bias = 0.0f for no ALiBi
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_soft_max_ext(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -1422,6 +1723,17 @@ extern "C" {
             float                 scale,
             float                 max_bias);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_soft_max_ext_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * mask,
+            float                 scale,
+            float                 max_bias);
+
+    GGML_API void ggml_soft_max_add_sinks(
+            struct ggml_tensor * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor * sinks);
+
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_soft_max_ext_back(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -1480,7 +1792,7 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * b,
             struct ggml_tensor  * c,
             int                   n_dims,
-            int                   sections[4],
+            int                   sections[GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS],
             int                   mode,
             int                   n_ctx_orig,
             float                 freq_base,
@@ -1506,6 +1818,22 @@ extern "C" {
             float                 beta_fast,
             float                 beta_slow);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_multi_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * c,
+            int                   n_dims,
+            int                   sections[GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS],
+            int                   mode,
+            int                   n_ctx_orig,
+            float                 freq_base,
+            float                 freq_scale,
+            float                 ext_factor,
+            float                 attn_factor,
+            float                 beta_fast,
+            float                 beta_slow);
+
     GGML_DEPRECATED(GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_custom(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -1663,6 +1991,41 @@ extern "C" {
             int                   d0,  // dilation dimension 0
             int                   d1); // dilation dimension 1
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_im2col_3d(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+            int64_t               IC,
+            int                   s0, // stride width
+            int                   s1, // stride height
+            int                   s2, // stride depth
+            int                   p0, // padding width
+            int                   p1, // padding height
+            int                   p2, // padding depth
+            int                   d0, // dilation width
+            int                   d1, // dilation height
+            int                   d2, // dilation depth
+            enum ggml_type        dst_type);
+
+    // a: [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+    // b: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+    // result: [N*OC, OD, OH, OW]
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d(
+                struct ggml_context * ctx,
+                struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+                struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+                int64_t               IC,
+                int                   s0, // stride width
+                int                   s1, // stride height
+                int                   s2, // stride depth
+                int                   p0, // padding width
+                int                   p1, // padding height
+                int                   p2, // padding depth
+                int                   d0, // dilation width
+                int                   d1, // dilation height
+                int                   d2  // dilation depth
+        );
+
     // kernel size is a->ne[0] x a->ne[1]
     // stride is equal to kernel size
     // padding is zero
@@ -1723,6 +2086,34 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * b,
             int                   stride);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_2d_direct(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // convolution kernel [KW, KH, IC, OC]
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,   // input data [W, H, C, N]
+            int                   s0,  // stride dimension 0
+            int                   s1,  // stride dimension 1
+            int                   p0,  // padding dimension 0
+            int                   p1,  // padding dimension 1
+            int                   d0,  // dilation dimension 0
+            int                   d1); // dilation dimension 1
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d_direct(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // kernel [KW, KH, KD, IC * OC]
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,   // input  [W, H, D, C * N]
+            int                   s0,  // stride
+            int                   s1,
+            int                   s2,
+            int                   p0,  // padding
+            int                   p1,
+            int                   p2,
+            int                   d0,  // dilation
+            int                   d1,
+            int                   d2,
+            int                   n_channels,
+            int                   n_batch,
+            int                   n_channels_out);
+
     enum ggml_op_pool {
         GGML_OP_POOL_MAX,
         GGML_OP_POOL_AVG,
@@ -1765,6 +2156,14 @@ extern "C" {
     enum ggml_scale_mode {
         GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST  = 0,
         GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR = 1,
+        GGML_SCALE_MODE_BICUBIC  = 2,
+
+        GGML_SCALE_MODE_COUNT
+    };
+
+    enum ggml_scale_flag {
+        GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ALIGN_CORNERS = (1 << 8),
+        GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS     = (1 << 9),
     };
 
     // interpolate
@@ -1777,14 +2176,26 @@ extern "C" {
 
     // interpolate
     // interpolate scale to specified dimensions
-    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_upscale_ext(
+    GGML_DEPRECATED(GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_upscale_ext(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
             int                   ne0,
             int                   ne1,
             int                   ne2,
             int                   ne3,
-            enum ggml_scale_mode  mode);
+            enum ggml_scale_mode  mode),
+        "use ggml_interpolate instead");
+
+    // Up- or downsamples the input to the specified size.
+    // 2D scale modes (eg. bilinear) are applied to the first two dimensions.
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_interpolate(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int64_t               ne0,
+            int64_t               ne1,
+            int64_t               ne2,
+            int64_t               ne3,
+            uint32_t              mode); // ggml_scale_mode [ | ggml_scale_flag...]
 
     // pad each dimension with zeros: [x, ..., x] -> [x, ..., x, 0, ..., 0]
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad(
@@ -1795,6 +2206,41 @@ extern "C" {
             int                  p2,
             int                  p3);
 
+    // pad each dimension with values on the other side of the torus (looping around)
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_circular(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int                   p0,
+            int                   p1,
+            int                   p2,
+            int                   p3);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_ext(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int                  lp0,
+            int                  rp0,
+            int                  lp1,
+            int                  rp1,
+            int                  lp2,
+            int                  rp2,
+            int                  lp3,
+            int                  rp3
+            );
+
+    // pad each dimension with values on the other side of the torus (looping around)
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_ext_circular(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int                   lp0,
+            int                   rp0,
+            int                   lp1,
+            int                   rp1,
+            int                   lp2,
+            int                   rp2,
+            int                   lp3,
+            int                   rp3);
+
     // pad each dimension with reflection: [a, b, c, d] -> [b, a, b, c, d, c]
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_reflect_1d(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -1812,6 +2258,23 @@ extern "C" {
             int                   shift2,
             int                   shift3);
 
+    // Convert matrix into a triangular one (upper, strict upper, lower or strict lower) by writing
+    // zeroes everywhere outside the masked area
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_tri(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            enum ggml_tri_type    type);
+
+    // Fill tensor a with constant c
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_fill(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            float                 c);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_fill_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            float                 c);
 
     // Ref: https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion/blob/main/ldm/modules/diffusionmodules/util.py#L151
     // timesteps: [N,]
@@ -1833,25 +2296,36 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
             enum ggml_sort_order  order);
 
-    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_arange(
+    // similar to ggml_top_k but implemented as `argsort` + `view`
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_argsort_top_k(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
-            float                 start,
-            float                 stop,
-            float                 step);
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int                   k);
 
     // top k elements per row
+    // note: the resulting top k indices are in no particular order
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_top_k(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
             int                   k);
 
-#define GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD 64
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_arange(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            float                 start,
+            float                 stop,
+            float                 step);
 
-    // q:    [n_embd_k, n_batch,     n_head,    1]
-    // k:    [n_embd_k, n_kv,        n_head_kv, 1]
-    // v:    [n_embd_v, n_kv,        n_head_kv, 1] !! not transposed !!
-    // mask: [n_kv,     n_batch_pad, 1,         1] !! n_batch_pad = GGML_PAD(n_batch, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD) !!
-    // res:  [n_embd_v, n_head,      n_batch,   1] !! permuted !!
+    // q:    [n_embd_k, n_batch, n_head,    ne3 ]
+    // k:    [n_embd_k, n_kv,    n_head_kv, ne3 ]
+    // v:    [n_embd_v, n_kv,    n_head_kv, ne3 ] !! not transposed !!
+    // mask: [n_kv,     n_batch, ne32,      ne33]
+    // res:  [n_embd_v, n_head,  n_batch,   ne3 ] !! permuted !!
+    //
+    // broadcast:
+    //   n_head % n_head_kv == 0
+    //   n_head % ne32      == 0
+    //   ne3    % ne33      == 0
+    //
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_flash_attn_ext(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * q,
@@ -1869,6 +2343,10 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API enum ggml_prec ggml_flash_attn_ext_get_prec(
             const struct ggml_tensor * a);
 
+    GGML_API void ggml_flash_attn_ext_add_sinks(
+            struct ggml_tensor * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor * sinks);
+
     // TODO: needs to be adapted to ggml_flash_attn_ext
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_flash_attn_back(
            struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -1890,7 +2368,8 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * dt,
             struct ggml_tensor  * A,
             struct ggml_tensor  * B,
-            struct ggml_tensor  * C);
+            struct ggml_tensor  * C,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * ids);
 
     // partition into non-overlapping windows with padding if needed
     // example:
@@ -1970,6 +2449,38 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * b,
             struct ggml_tensor  * state);
 
+    /* Solves a specific equation of the form Ax=B, where A is a triangular matrix
+    *  without zeroes on the diagonal (i.e. invertible).
+    *  B can have any number of columns, but must have the same number of rows as A
+    *  If A is [n, n] and B is [n, m], then the result will be [n, m] as well
+    *  Has O(n^3) complexity (unlike most matrix ops out there), so use on cases
+    *  where n > 100 sparingly, pre-chunk if necessary.
+    *
+    *  If left = false, solves xA=B instead
+    *  If lower = false, assumes upper triangular instead
+    *  If uni = true, assumes diagonal of A to be all ones (will override actual values)
+    *
+    *  TODO: currently only lower, right, non-unitriangular variant is implemented
+    */
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_solve_tri(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        bool                  left,
+        bool                  lower,
+        bool                  uni);
+
+    // TODO: add ggml_gated_delta_net_set_bcast() to be able to configure Q, K broadcast type: tiled vs interleaved [TAG_GGML_GDN_BCAST]
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/19468#discussion_r2786394306
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_gated_delta_net(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * q,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * k,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * v,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * g,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * beta,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * state);
+
     // custom operators
 
     typedef void (*ggml_custom1_op_t)(struct ggml_tensor * dst , const struct ggml_tensor * a, int ith, int nth, void * userdata);
@@ -2073,13 +2584,51 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * grad,
             struct ggml_tensor  * m,
             struct ggml_tensor  * v,
-            struct ggml_tensor  * adamw_params); // parameters such a the learning rate
+            struct ggml_tensor  * adamw_params); // parameters such as the learning rate
+
+    // stochastic gradient descent step (with weight decay)
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_opt_step_sgd(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor *  a,
+        struct ggml_tensor *  grad,
+        struct ggml_tensor *  sgd_params); // alpha, weight decay
 
+    // build forward multiple tensors and select one of them for computing
+    // this is useful for creating graphs that have constant topology but compute different things based on the input
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18550
     //
-    // automatic differentiation
+    // nodes:
+    //   | - build forward into the graph but do not compute
+    //   c - build forward into the graph and compute
     //
+    //    |  |  ...  c  ...  |
+    //    |  |  ...  c  ...  |
+    //    |  |  ...  c  ...  |
+    //   [0  1  ... idx ...  n-1]        <-- ggml_build_forward_select(..., n, idx)
+    //               c
+    //               c
+    //
+    // example:
+    //   struct ggml_tensor * curs[3];
+    //
+    //   curs[0]  = compute0(...);
+    //   curs[1]  = compute1(...);
+    //   curs[2]  = compute2(...);
+    //
+    //   int idx = select_branch(some_input);
+    //
+    //   struct ggml_tensor * out = ggml_build_forward_select(cgraph, curs, 3, idx);
+    //
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_build_forward_select(
+            struct ggml_cgraph  * cgraph,
+            struct ggml_tensor ** tensors,
+            int                   n_tensors,
+            int                   idx);
+
+    GGML_API void ggml_build_forward_expand(
+            struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+            struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 
-    GGML_API void ggml_build_forward_expand(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(
         struct ggml_context *  ctx,        // context for gradient computation
         struct ggml_cgraph  *  cgraph,
@@ -2111,14 +2660,15 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API void ggml_graph_print(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
 
     // dump the graph into a file using the dot format
-    GGML_API void ggml_graph_dump_dot(const struct ggml_cgraph * gb, const struct ggml_cgraph * gf, const char * filename);
+    GGML_API void ggml_graph_dump_dot(const struct ggml_cgraph * gb, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, const char * filename);
 
     // TODO these functions were sandwiched in the old optimization interface, is there a better place for them?
     typedef void (*ggml_log_callback)(enum ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * user_data);
 
     // Set callback for all future logging events.
     // If this is not called, or NULL is supplied, everything is output on stderr.
-    GGML_API void ggml_log_set(ggml_log_callback log_callback, void * user_data);
+    GGML_API void ggml_log_get(ggml_log_callback * log_callback, void ** user_data);
+    GGML_API void ggml_log_set(ggml_log_callback   log_callback, void *  user_data);
 
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_set_zero(struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 9cb2c228dcf..78853304d9f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -114,6 +114,9 @@ message(STATUS "GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH: ${GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH}")
 
 if (NOT MSVC)
     if (GGML_STATIC)
+        if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+            set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES ".a;.so")
+        endif()
         add_link_options(-static)
         if (MINGW)
             add_link_options(-static-libgcc -static-libstdc++)
@@ -124,10 +127,6 @@ if (NOT MSVC)
     endif()
 endif()
 
-if (MINGW)
-    add_compile_definitions(_WIN32_WINNT=${GGML_WIN_VER})
-endif()
-
 #
 # POSIX conformance
 #
@@ -142,6 +141,9 @@ endif()
 # which was introduced in POSIX.1-2008, forcing us to go higher
 if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "OpenBSD")
     add_compile_definitions(_XOPEN_SOURCE=700)
+elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "AIX")
+    # Don't define _XOPEN_SOURCE.  We need _ALL_SOURCE, which is the default,
+    # in order to define _SC_PHYS_PAGES.
 else()
     add_compile_definitions(_XOPEN_SOURCE=600)
 endif()
@@ -205,15 +207,37 @@ add_library(ggml-base
             ggml-quants.h
             gguf.cpp)
 
+set_target_properties(ggml-base PROPERTIES
+    VERSION ${GGML_VERSION}
+    SOVERSION ${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}
+)
+
 target_include_directories(ggml-base PRIVATE .)
 if (GGML_BACKEND_DL)
     target_compile_definitions(ggml-base PUBLIC GGML_BACKEND_DL)
 endif()
 
+if (GGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC)
+    target_compile_definitions(ggml-base PUBLIC GGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC)
+endif()
+
 add_library(ggml
+            ggml-backend-dl.cpp
             ggml-backend-reg.cpp)
 add_library(ggml::ggml ALIAS ggml)
 
+set_target_properties(ggml PROPERTIES
+    VERSION ${GGML_VERSION}
+    SOVERSION ${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}
+)
+
+if (GGML_BACKEND_DIR)
+    if (NOT GGML_BACKEND_DL)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "GGML_BACKEND_DIR requires GGML_BACKEND_DL")
+    endif()
+    target_compile_definitions(ggml PUBLIC GGML_BACKEND_DIR="${GGML_BACKEND_DIR}")
+endif()
+
 target_link_libraries(ggml PUBLIC ggml-base)
 
 if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Linux")
@@ -227,7 +251,11 @@ function(ggml_add_backend_library backend)
         set_target_properties(${backend} PROPERTIES LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY})
         target_compile_definitions(${backend} PRIVATE GGML_BACKEND_DL)
         add_dependencies(ggml ${backend})
-        install(TARGETS ${backend} LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
+        if (GGML_BACKEND_DIR)
+            install(TARGETS ${backend} LIBRARY DESTINATION ${GGML_BACKEND_DIR})
+        else()
+            install(TARGETS ${backend} LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
+        endif()
     else()
         add_library(${backend} ${ARGN})
         target_link_libraries(ggml PUBLIC ${backend})
@@ -242,6 +270,15 @@ function(ggml_add_backend_library backend)
         target_compile_definitions(${backend} PUBLIC  GGML_BACKEND_SHARED)
     endif()
 
+    # Set versioning properties for all backend libraries
+    # Building a MODULE library with a version is not supported on macOS (https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/issues/20782)
+    if (NOT (APPLE AND GGML_BACKEND_DL))
+        set_target_properties(${backend} PROPERTIES
+            VERSION ${GGML_VERSION}
+            SOVERSION ${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}
+        )
+    endif()
+
     if(NOT GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS)
         set(GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS "${backend}"
             CACHE INTERNAL "List of backends for cmake package")
@@ -287,6 +324,22 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant tag_name)
             set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} ON)
         endforeach()
     elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "PowerPC")
+        foreach (feat ${ARGN})
+            set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} ON)
+        endforeach()
+    elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "s390x")
+        foreach (feat VXE2 NNPA)
+            set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} OFF)
+        endforeach()
+
+        foreach (feat ${ARGN})
+            set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} ON)
+        endforeach()
+    elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "riscv64")
+        foreach (feat RVV)
+            set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} OFF)
+        endforeach()
+
         foreach (feat ${ARGN})
             set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} ON)
         endforeach()
@@ -305,15 +358,29 @@ if (GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS)
     endif()
     if (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "x86")
         ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(x64)
-        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(sse42        SSE42)
-        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(sandybridge  SSE42 AVX)
-        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(haswell      SSE42 AVX F16C AVX2 BMI2 FMA)
-        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(skylakex     SSE42 AVX F16C AVX2 BMI2 FMA AVX512)
-        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(icelake      SSE42 AVX F16C AVX2 BMI2 FMA AVX512 AVX512_VBMI AVX512_VNNI)
-        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(alderlake    SSE42 AVX F16C AVX2 BMI2 FMA AVX_VNNI)
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(sse42              SSE42)
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(sandybridge        SSE42 AVX)
+        if (NOT MSVC)
+            # __FMA__ and __F16C__ are not defined in MSVC, however they are implied with AVX2/AVX512
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(ivybridge      SSE42 AVX F16C)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(piledriver     SSE42 AVX F16C FMA)
+        endif()
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(haswell            SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2)
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(skylakex           SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX512)
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(cannonlake         SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX512 AVX512_VBMI)
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(cascadelake        SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX512 AVX512_VNNI)
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(icelake            SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX512 AVX512_VBMI AVX512_VNNI)
+        if (NOT MSVC)
+            # MSVC 2022 doesn't support BF16 intrinsics without `/arch:AVX10.1` ?!
+            # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/intrinsics/x64-amd64-intrinsics-list?view=msvc-170
+            # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/arch-x64?view=msvc-170
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(cooperlake     SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX512 AVX512_VNNI AVX512_BF16)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(zen4           SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX512 AVX512_VBMI AVX512_VNNI AVX512_BF16)
+        endif()
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(alderlake          SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX_VNNI)
         if (NOT MSVC)
             # MSVC doesn't support AMX
-            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(sapphirerapids SSE42 AVX F16C AVX2 BMI2 FMA AVX512 AVX512_VBMI AVX512_VNNI AVX512_BF16 AMX_TILE AMX_INT8)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(sapphirerapids SSE42 AVX F16C FMA AVX2 BMI2 AVX512 AVX512_VBMI AVX512_VNNI AVX512_BF16 AMX_TILE AMX_INT8)
         endif()
     elseif(GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "ARM")
         if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Linux")
@@ -334,6 +401,9 @@ if (GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS)
             ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(android_armv8.2_1    DOTPROD)
             ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(android_armv8.2_2    DOTPROD FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
             ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(android_armv8.6_1    DOTPROD FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC MATMUL_INT8)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(android_armv9.0_1    DOTPROD MATMUL_INT8 FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC SVE2)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(android_armv9.2_1    DOTPROD MATMUL_INT8 FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC SVE SME)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(android_armv9.2_2    DOTPROD MATMUL_INT8 FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC SVE SVE2 SME)
         elseif (APPLE)
             ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(apple_m1             DOTPROD)
             ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(apple_m2_m3          DOTPROD MATMUL_INT8)
@@ -354,6 +424,20 @@ if (GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS)
         else()
             message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported PowerPC target OS: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
         endif()
+    elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "s390x")
+        if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Linux")
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(z15    Z15 VXE2)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(z16    Z16 VXE2 NNPA)
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported s390x target OS: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
+        endif()
+    elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "riscv64")
+        if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Linux")
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(riscv64_0)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(riscv64_v   RVV)
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported RISC-V target OS: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
+        endif()
     else()
         message(FATAL_ERROR "GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS not yet supported with ${GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH} on ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
     endif()
@@ -365,13 +449,18 @@ ggml_add_backend(BLAS)
 ggml_add_backend(CANN)
 ggml_add_backend(CUDA)
 ggml_add_backend(HIP)
-ggml_add_backend(Kompute)
 ggml_add_backend(METAL)
 ggml_add_backend(MUSA)
 ggml_add_backend(RPC)
+ggml_add_backend(VirtGPU)
 ggml_add_backend(SYCL)
 ggml_add_backend(Vulkan)
+ggml_add_backend(WebGPU)
+ggml_add_backend(zDNN)
 ggml_add_backend(OpenCL)
+ggml_add_backend(Hexagon)
+ggml_add_backend(ZenDNN)
+ggml_add_backend(OPENVINO)
 
 foreach (target ggml-base ggml)
     target_include_directories(${target} PUBLIC    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include> $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-alloc.c b/ggml/src/ggml-alloc.c
index 5fd379f6a94..7f414b2311c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-alloc.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-alloc.c
@@ -17,33 +17,15 @@
 //#define AT_PRINTF(...) GGML_LOG_DEBUG(__VA_ARGS__)
 #define AT_PRINTF(...)
 
-
-static bool ggml_is_view(const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
-    return t->view_src != NULL;
-}
-
-static bool ggml_are_same_layout(const struct ggml_tensor * a, const struct ggml_tensor * b) {
-    if (a->type != b->type) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        if (a->ne[i] != b->ne[i]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (a->nb[i] != b->nb[i]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 // ops that return true for this function must not use restrict pointers for their backend implementations
-static bool ggml_op_can_inplace(enum ggml_op op) {
+bool ggml_op_can_inplace(enum ggml_op op) {
     switch (op) {
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
         case GGML_OP_SCALE:
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_ZERO:
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
         case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
         case GGML_OP_ADD1:
         case GGML_OP_SUB:
         case GGML_OP_MUL:
@@ -109,39 +91,104 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_tallocr_alloc(struct ggml_tallocr * talloc, struct ggml_te
 
 // dynamic tensor allocator
 
+#define GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS 16
+
+// relative memory address within an allocation that can be split into multiple buffers (chunks)
+struct buffer_address {
+    int chunk;     // index of a backend buffer
+    size_t offset; // local memory offset within the buffer
+};
+
+static const struct buffer_address GGML_BUFFER_ADDRESS_INVALID = { -1, SIZE_MAX };
+
+static bool ggml_buffer_address_less(struct buffer_address a, struct buffer_address b) {
+    return a.chunk != b.chunk ? a.chunk < b.chunk : a.offset < b.offset;
+}
+
 struct free_block {
     size_t offset;
     size_t size;
 };
 
-struct ggml_dyn_tallocr {
-    size_t alignment;
-    int n_free_blocks;
+struct tallocr_chunk {
     struct free_block free_blocks[MAX_FREE_BLOCKS];
+    int n_free_blocks;
     size_t max_size;
+};
+
+struct ggml_dyn_tallocr {
+    size_t alignment;
+    size_t max_chunk_size;
+    struct tallocr_chunk * chunks[GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS];
+    int n_chunks;
 
 #ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
     struct {
         const struct ggml_tensor * tensor;
-        size_t offset;
+        struct buffer_address addr;
     } allocated_tensors[1024];
 #endif
 };
 
+static void ggml_dyn_tallocr_insert_block(struct tallocr_chunk * chunk, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(chunk->n_free_blocks < MAX_FREE_BLOCKS && "out of free blocks");
+    // insert the new block in the correct position to keep the array sorted by address (to make merging blocks faster)
+    int insert_pos = 0;
+    while (insert_pos < chunk->n_free_blocks && chunk->free_blocks[insert_pos].offset < offset) {
+        insert_pos++;
+    }
+    // shift all blocks from insert_pos onward to make room for the new block
+    for (int i = chunk->n_free_blocks; i > insert_pos; i--) {
+        chunk->free_blocks[i] = chunk->free_blocks[i-1];
+    }
+    // insert the new block
+    chunk->free_blocks[insert_pos].offset = offset;
+    chunk->free_blocks[insert_pos].size = size;
+    chunk->n_free_blocks++;
+}
+
+static void ggml_dyn_tallocr_remove_block(struct tallocr_chunk * chunk, int idx) {
+    // shift all elements after idx by 1 to the left, overwriting the element at idx
+    for (int i = idx; i < chunk->n_free_blocks; i++) {
+        chunk->free_blocks[i] = chunk->free_blocks[i+1];
+    }
+    chunk->n_free_blocks--;
+}
+
+static int ggml_dyn_tallocr_new_chunk(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t min_size) {
+    if (alloc->n_chunks >= GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    struct tallocr_chunk * chunk = calloc(1, sizeof(struct tallocr_chunk));
+    chunk->n_free_blocks = 1;
+    chunk->free_blocks[0].offset = 0;
+    // available space in a chunk is limited to max_chunk_size, but can be higher if:
+    // 1. a single tensor exceeds the maximum, and cannot fit any other way
+    // 2. we are running out of chunks
+    // backends will either manage to allocate the larger size, or report an error.
+    chunk->free_blocks[0].size = MAX(min_size, alloc->max_chunk_size);
+    if (alloc->n_chunks == GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS - 1) {
+        chunk->free_blocks[0].size = SIZE_MAX/2;
+    }
+    alloc->chunks[alloc->n_chunks] = chunk;
+    alloc->n_chunks++;
+    return alloc->n_chunks - 1;
+}
+
 #ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
-static void add_allocated_tensor(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t offset, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+static void add_allocated_tensor(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, struct buffer_address addr, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
         if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor == NULL) {
             alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor = tensor;
-            alloc->allocated_tensors[i].offset = offset;
+            alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr = addr;
             return;
         }
     }
     GGML_ABORT("out of allocated_tensors");
 }
-static void remove_allocated_tensor(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t offset, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+static void remove_allocated_tensor(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, struct buffer_address addr, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
-        if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i].offset == offset) {
+        if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr.chunk == addr.chunk && alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr.offset == addr.offset) {
             alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor = NULL;
             return;
         }
@@ -150,76 +197,101 @@ static void remove_allocated_tensor(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t offs
 }
 #endif
 
-static size_t ggml_dyn_tallocr_alloc(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t size, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+static struct buffer_address ggml_dyn_tallocr_alloc(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t size, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     size = aligned_offset(NULL, size, alloc->alignment);
 
     AT_PRINTF("%s: allocating %s (%zu bytes) - ", __func__, tensor->name, size);
 
+    int best_fit_chunk = -1;
+    int best_fit_block = -1;
     size_t max_avail = 0;
 
-    // find the best fitting free block besides the last block
-    int best_fit_block = -1;
-    size_t best_fit_size = SIZE_MAX;
-    for (int i = 0; i < alloc->n_free_blocks - 1; i++) {
-        struct free_block * block = &alloc->free_blocks[i];
-        max_avail = MAX(max_avail, block->size);
-        if (block->size >= size && block->size <= best_fit_size) {
-            best_fit_block = i;
-            best_fit_size = block->size;
+    // find the best fitting free block besides the last block, within any chunk
+    for (int c = 0; c < alloc->n_chunks; ++c) {
+        struct tallocr_chunk * chunk = alloc->chunks[c];
+        size_t best_fit_size = SIZE_MAX;
+        for (int i = 0; i < chunk->n_free_blocks - 1; i++) {
+            struct free_block * block = &chunk->free_blocks[i];
+            max_avail = MAX(max_avail, block->size);
+            if (block->size >= size && block->size <= best_fit_size) {
+                best_fit_chunk = c;
+                best_fit_block = i;
+                best_fit_size = block->size;
+            }
         }
     }
 
     if (best_fit_block == -1) {
-        // the last block is our last resort
-        struct free_block * block = &alloc->free_blocks[alloc->n_free_blocks - 1];
-        max_avail = MAX(max_avail, block->size);
-        if (block->size >= size) {
-            best_fit_block = alloc->n_free_blocks - 1;
-        } else {
-            // this should never happen
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: not enough space in the buffer to allocate %zu bytes, largest block available %zu bytes\n",
-                    __func__, size, max_avail);
-            GGML_ABORT("not enough space in the buffer");
+        // no suitable block found, try the last block (this may grow a chunks size)
+        int64_t best_reuse = INT64_MIN;
+        for (int c = 0; c < alloc->n_chunks; ++c) {
+            struct tallocr_chunk * chunk = alloc->chunks[c];
+            if (chunk->n_free_blocks > 0) {
+                struct free_block * block = &chunk->free_blocks[chunk->n_free_blocks - 1];
+                max_avail = MAX(max_avail, block->size);
+                int64_t reuse_factor = chunk->max_size - block->offset - size;
+                // reuse_factor < 0 : amount of extra memory that needs to be allocated
+                // reuse_factor = 0 : allocated free space exactly matches tensor size
+                // reuse_factor > 0 : superfluous memory that will remain unused
+                bool better_reuse = best_reuse < 0 && reuse_factor > best_reuse;
+                bool better_fit = reuse_factor >= 0 && reuse_factor < best_reuse;
+                if (block->size >= size && (better_reuse || better_fit)) {
+                    best_fit_chunk = c;
+                    best_fit_block = chunk->n_free_blocks - 1;
+                    best_reuse = reuse_factor;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    struct free_block * block = &alloc->free_blocks[best_fit_block];
-    size_t offset = block->offset;
-    block->offset = offset + size;
+    if (best_fit_block == -1) {
+        // none of the existing chunks have enough space left
+        best_fit_chunk = ggml_dyn_tallocr_new_chunk(alloc, size);
+        best_fit_block = 0;
+    }
+    if (best_fit_chunk == -1) {
+        // since the last chunk always has virtually endless memory, this should never happen
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: not enough space in the buffer to allocate %zu bytes, largest block available %zu bytes\n",
+            __func__, size, max_avail);
+        GGML_ABORT("graph allocation: failed to reserve memory");
+    }
+
+    struct tallocr_chunk * chunk = alloc->chunks[best_fit_chunk];
+    struct free_block    * block = &chunk->free_blocks[best_fit_block];
+    struct buffer_address  addr  = {.chunk = best_fit_chunk, .offset = block->offset };
+    block->offset += size;
     block->size -= size;
     if (block->size == 0) {
         // remove block if empty
-        alloc->n_free_blocks--;
-        for (int j = best_fit_block; j < alloc->n_free_blocks; j++) {
-            alloc->free_blocks[j] = alloc->free_blocks[j+1];
-        }
+        ggml_dyn_tallocr_remove_block(chunk, best_fit_block);
     }
 
-    AT_PRINTF("block %d, offset %zu\n", best_fit_block, offset);
+    AT_PRINTF("block %d, offset %zu, chunk %d\n", best_fit_block, addr.offset, addr.chunk);
 
 #ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
-    add_allocated_tensor(alloc, offset, tensor);
-    size_t cur_max = offset + size;
-    if (cur_max > alloc->max_size) {
-        // sort allocated_tensors by offset
+    add_allocated_tensor(alloc, addr, tensor);
+    size_t cur_max = addr.offset + size;
+    if (cur_max > chunk->max_size) {
+        // sort allocated_tensors by chunk/offset
         for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
             for (int j = i + 1; j < 1024; j++) {
-                if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i].offset > alloc->allocated_tensors[j].offset) {
+                if (ggml_buffer_address_less(alloc->allocated_tensors[j].addr, alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr)) {
                     const struct ggml_tensor * tmp_tensor = alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor;
-                    size_t tmp_offset = alloc->allocated_tensors[i].offset;
+                    struct buffer_address tmp_addr = alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr;
                     alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor = alloc->allocated_tensors[j].tensor;
-                    alloc->allocated_tensors[i].offset = alloc->allocated_tensors[j].offset;
+                    alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr = alloc->allocated_tensors[j].addr;
                     alloc->allocated_tensors[j].tensor = tmp_tensor;
-                    alloc->allocated_tensors[j].offset = tmp_offset;
+                    alloc->allocated_tensors[j].addr = tmp_addr;
                 }
             }
         }
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("max_size = %.2f MB: tensors: ", cur_max / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("max_size[%d] = %.2f MB: tensors: ", addr.chunk, cur_max / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
         for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
             if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor) {
-                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s [%zx-%zx] (%.2f MB) ", alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor->name,
-                    alloc->allocated_tensors[i].offset,
-                    alloc->allocated_tensors[i].offset + ggml_nbytes(alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor),
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s [%d: %zx-%zx] (%.2f MB) ", alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor->name,
+                    alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr.chunk,
+                    alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr.offset,
+                    alloc->allocated_tensors[i].addr.offset + ggml_nbytes(alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor),
                     ggml_nbytes(alloc->allocated_tensors[i].tensor) / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
             }
         }
@@ -227,78 +299,60 @@ static size_t ggml_dyn_tallocr_alloc(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t siz
     }
 #endif
 
-    alloc->max_size = MAX(alloc->max_size, offset + size);
+    chunk->max_size = MAX(chunk->max_size, addr.offset + size);
 
-    return offset;
+    return addr;
 
     GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
 }
 
 // this is a very naive implementation, but for our case the number of free blocks should be very small
-static void ggml_dyn_tallocr_free_tensor(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, size_t offset, size_t size, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+static void ggml_dyn_tallocr_free_bytes(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, struct buffer_address addr, size_t size) {
     size = aligned_offset(NULL, size, alloc->alignment);
 
-    AT_PRINTF("%s: freeing %s at %zu (%zu bytes) - n_free_blocks = %d\n", __func__, tensor->name, offset, size, alloc->n_free_blocks);
-
-#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
-    remove_allocated_tensor(alloc, offset, tensor);
-#endif
+    struct tallocr_chunk * chunk = alloc->chunks[addr.chunk];
 
     // see if we can merge with an existing block
-    for (int i = 0; i < alloc->n_free_blocks; i++) {
-        struct free_block * block = &alloc->free_blocks[i];
+    for (int i = 0; i < chunk->n_free_blocks; i++) {
+        struct free_block * block = &chunk->free_blocks[i];
         // check if ptr is at the end of the block
-        if (block->offset + block->size == offset) {
+        if (block->offset + block->size == addr.offset) {
             block->size += size;
             // check if we can merge with the next block
-            if (i < alloc->n_free_blocks - 1 && block->offset + block->size == alloc->free_blocks[i+1].offset) {
-                block->size += alloc->free_blocks[i+1].size;
-                alloc->n_free_blocks--;
-                for (int j = i+1; j < alloc->n_free_blocks; j++) {
-                    alloc->free_blocks[j] = alloc->free_blocks[j+1];
+            if (i < chunk->n_free_blocks - 1) {
+                struct free_block * next = &chunk->free_blocks[i+1];
+                if (block->offset + block->size == next->offset) {
+                    block->size += next->size;
+                    ggml_dyn_tallocr_remove_block(chunk, i+1);
                 }
             }
             return;
         }
         // check if ptr is at the beginning of the block
-        if (offset + size == block->offset) {
-            block->offset = offset;
+        if (addr.offset + size == block->offset) {
+            block->offset = addr.offset;
             block->size += size;
             // check if we can merge with the previous block
-            if (i > 0 && alloc->free_blocks[i-1].offset + alloc->free_blocks[i-1].size == block->offset) {
-                alloc->free_blocks[i-1].size += block->size;
-                alloc->n_free_blocks--;
-                for (int j = i; j < alloc->n_free_blocks; j++) {
-                    alloc->free_blocks[j] = alloc->free_blocks[j+1];
+            if (i > 0) {
+                struct free_block * prev = &chunk->free_blocks[i-1];
+                if (prev->offset + prev->size == block->offset) {
+                    prev->size += block->size;
+                    ggml_dyn_tallocr_remove_block(chunk, i);
                 }
             }
             return;
         }
     }
     // otherwise, add a new block
-    GGML_ASSERT(alloc->n_free_blocks < MAX_FREE_BLOCKS && "out of free blocks");
-    // insert the new block in the correct position to keep the array sorted by address (to make merging blocks faster)
-    int insert_pos = 0;
-    while (insert_pos < alloc->n_free_blocks && alloc->free_blocks[insert_pos].offset < offset) {
-        insert_pos++;
-    }
-    // shift all blocks from insert_pos onward to make room for the new block
-    for (int i = alloc->n_free_blocks; i > insert_pos; i--) {
-        alloc->free_blocks[i] = alloc->free_blocks[i-1];
-    }
-    // insert the new block
-    alloc->free_blocks[insert_pos].offset = offset;
-    alloc->free_blocks[insert_pos].size = size;
-    alloc->n_free_blocks++;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
+    ggml_dyn_tallocr_insert_block(chunk, addr.offset, size);
 }
 
 static void ggml_dyn_tallocr_reset(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc) {
-    alloc->n_free_blocks = 1;
-    alloc->free_blocks[0].offset = 0;
-    alloc->free_blocks[0].size = SIZE_MAX/2; // restrict maximum size of a measure allocator to half size_t max to avoid overflows
-    alloc->max_size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS; i++) {
+        free(alloc->chunks[i]);
+        alloc->chunks[i] = NULL;
+    }
+    alloc->n_chunks = 0;
 
 #ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
     for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
@@ -307,14 +361,14 @@ static void ggml_dyn_tallocr_reset(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc) {
 #endif
 }
 
-static struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * ggml_dyn_tallocr_new(size_t alignment) {
+static struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * ggml_dyn_tallocr_new(size_t alignment, size_t max_buffer_size) {
     struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc = (struct ggml_dyn_tallocr *)malloc(sizeof(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr));
 
     *alloc = (struct ggml_dyn_tallocr) {
-        /*.alignment     = */ alignment,
-        /*.n_free_blocks = */ 0,
-        /*.free_blocks   = */ {{0}},
-        /*.max_size      = */ 0,
+        /*.alignment      = */ alignment,
+        /*.max_chunk_size = */ MIN(max_buffer_size, SIZE_MAX/2), // clamp to avoid overflows
+        /*.chunks         = */ {NULL},
+        /*.n_chunks       = */ 0,
 #ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
         /*.allocated_tensors = */ {{0}},
 #endif
@@ -326,11 +380,73 @@ static struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * ggml_dyn_tallocr_new(size_t alignment) {
 }
 
 static void ggml_dyn_tallocr_free(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < alloc->n_chunks; ++i) {
+        free(alloc->chunks[i]);
+    }
     free(alloc);
 }
 
-static size_t ggml_dyn_tallocr_max_size(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc) {
-    return alloc->max_size;
+static size_t ggml_dyn_tallocr_max_size(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc, int chunk) {
+    return chunk < alloc->n_chunks ? alloc->chunks[chunk]->max_size : 0;
+}
+
+
+// virtual buffer with contiguous memory range, split into multiple backend buffers (chunks)
+
+struct vbuffer {
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t chunks[GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS];
+};
+
+static void ggml_vbuffer_free(struct vbuffer * buf) {
+    if (buf == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS; ++i) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_free(buf->chunks[i]);
+    }
+    free(buf);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_vbuffer_chunk_size(struct vbuffer * buf, int chunk) {
+    return buf->chunks[chunk] ? ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf->chunks[chunk]) : 0;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_vbuffer_size(struct vbuffer * buf) {
+    size_t size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS && buf->chunks[i]; ++i) {
+        size += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf->chunks[i]);
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+static struct vbuffer * ggml_vbuffer_alloc(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * talloc, enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage usage) {
+    struct vbuffer * buf = (struct vbuffer *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct vbuffer));
+    if (buf == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (int n = 0; n < talloc->n_chunks; n++) {
+        size_t chunk_size = talloc->chunks[n]->max_size;
+        buf->chunks[n] = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, chunk_size);
+        if (buf->chunks[n] == NULL) {
+            ggml_vbuffer_free(buf);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(buf->chunks[n], usage);
+    }
+    return buf;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vbuffer_tensor_alloc(struct vbuffer * buf, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, struct buffer_address buf_addr) {
+    void * base = ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf->chunks[buf_addr.chunk]);
+    void * addr = (char *)base + buf_addr.offset;
+    ggml_backend_tensor_alloc(buf->chunks[buf_addr.chunk], tensor, addr);
+}
+
+static void ggml_vbuffer_reset(struct vbuffer * buf) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_VBUFFER_MAX_CHUNKS && buf->chunks[i]; ++i) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_reset(buf->chunks[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -342,13 +458,13 @@ struct hash_node {
     int n_children;
     int n_views;
     int buffer_id;
-    size_t offset; // offset within the buffer
+    struct buffer_address addr;
     bool allocated;
 };
 
 struct tensor_alloc {
     int buffer_id;
-    size_t offset;
+    struct buffer_address addr;
     size_t size_max; // 0 = pre-allocated, unused, or view
 };
 
@@ -363,7 +479,7 @@ struct node_alloc {
 
 struct ggml_gallocr {
     ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * bufts; // [n_buffers]
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t * buffers; // [n_buffers]
+    struct vbuffer ** buffers; // [n_buffers]
     struct ggml_dyn_tallocr ** buf_tallocs; // [n_buffers]
     int n_buffers;
 
@@ -384,7 +500,7 @@ ggml_gallocr_t ggml_gallocr_new_n(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * bufts, int n_bufs
     galloc->bufts = calloc(n_bufs, sizeof(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t));
     GGML_ASSERT(galloc->bufts != NULL);
 
-    galloc->buffers = calloc(n_bufs, sizeof(ggml_backend_buffer_t));
+    galloc->buffers = calloc(n_bufs, sizeof(struct vbuffer *));
     GGML_ASSERT(galloc->buffers != NULL);
 
     galloc->buf_tallocs = calloc(n_bufs, sizeof(struct ggml_dyn_tallocr *));
@@ -404,7 +520,8 @@ ggml_gallocr_t ggml_gallocr_new_n(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * bufts, int n_bufs
 
         if (galloc->buf_tallocs[i] == NULL) {
             size_t alignment = ggml_backend_buft_get_alignment(bufts[i]);
-            galloc->buf_tallocs[i] = ggml_dyn_tallocr_new(alignment);
+            size_t max_size = ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(bufts[i]);
+            galloc->buf_tallocs[i] = ggml_dyn_tallocr_new(alignment, max_size);
         }
     }
     galloc->n_buffers = n_bufs;
@@ -432,7 +549,7 @@ void ggml_gallocr_free(ggml_gallocr_t galloc) {
                 }
             }
             if (!freed) {
-                ggml_backend_buffer_free(galloc->buffers[i]);
+                ggml_vbuffer_free(galloc->buffers[i]);
             }
         }
         if (galloc->buf_tallocs != NULL) {
@@ -472,16 +589,42 @@ static bool ggml_gallocr_is_own(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor * t) {
 }
 
 static bool ggml_gallocr_is_allocated(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor * t) {
-    return t->data != NULL || ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, t)->allocated;
+    return t->data != NULL // tensor data already set externally
+        || t->buffer // tensor on external buffer (but not yet allocated)
+        || ggml_gallocr_is_own(galloc, t); // tensor will be allocated by galloc
+}
+
+// free the extra space at the end if the new tensor is smaller
+static void ggml_gallocr_free_extra_space(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor * node, struct ggml_tensor * parent) {
+    struct hash_node * hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, node);
+    struct hash_node * p_hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, parent);
+
+    size_t parent_size = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(galloc->bufts[p_hn->buffer_id], parent);
+    size_t node_size = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(galloc->bufts[hn->buffer_id], node);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(parent_size >= node_size);
+
+    // note: we want after the freeing the chunks to continue to be aligned
+    struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * p_alloc = galloc->buf_tallocs[p_hn->buffer_id];
+    parent_size = aligned_offset(NULL, parent_size, p_alloc->alignment);
+    node_size = aligned_offset(NULL, node_size, p_alloc->alignment);
+
+    if (parent_size > node_size) {
+        struct buffer_address p_addr = p_hn->addr;
+        p_addr.offset += node_size;
+        size_t extra_size = parent_size - node_size;
+        AT_PRINTF("freeing extra %zu bytes from parent %s for %s\n", extra_size, parent->name, node->name);
+        ggml_dyn_tallocr_free_bytes(p_alloc, p_addr, extra_size);
+    }
 }
 
 static void ggml_gallocr_allocate_node(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor * node, int buffer_id) {
     GGML_ASSERT(buffer_id >= 0);
     struct hash_node * hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, node);
 
-    if (!ggml_gallocr_is_allocated(galloc, node) && !ggml_is_view(node)) {
+    if (!ggml_gallocr_is_allocated(galloc, node) && !ggml_impl_is_view(node)) {
         hn->allocated = true;
-        assert(hn->offset == 0);
+        assert(hn->addr.offset == 0);
 
         // try to reuse a parent's buffer (inplace)
         if (ggml_op_can_inplace(node->op)) {
@@ -510,23 +653,25 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_allocate_node(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor
 
                 struct hash_node * p_hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, parent);
                 if (p_hn->n_children == 1 && p_hn->n_views == 0) {
-                    if (ggml_is_view(parent)) {
+                    if (ggml_impl_is_view(parent)) {
                         struct ggml_tensor * view_src = parent->view_src;
                         struct hash_node * view_src_hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, view_src);
                         if (view_src_hn->n_views == 1 && view_src_hn->n_children == 0 && view_src->data == parent->data) {
                             AT_PRINTF("reusing view parent %s (%s) for %s\n", parent->name, view_src->name, node->name);
-                            assert(view_src_hn->offset == p_hn->offset);
+                            assert(view_src_hn->addr.chunk == p_hn->addr.chunk && view_src_hn->addr.offset == p_hn->addr.offset);
                             hn->buffer_id = p_hn->buffer_id;
-                            hn->offset = p_hn->offset;
+                            hn->addr = p_hn->addr;
                             p_hn->allocated = false; // avoid freeing the parent
                             view_src_hn->allocated = false;
+                            ggml_gallocr_free_extra_space(galloc, node, view_src);
                             return;
                         }
                     } else {
                         AT_PRINTF("reusing parent %s for %s\n", parent->name, node->name);
                         hn->buffer_id = p_hn->buffer_id;
-                        hn->offset = p_hn->offset;
+                        hn->addr = p_hn->addr;
                         p_hn->allocated = false; // avoid freeing the parent
+                        ggml_gallocr_free_extra_space(galloc, node, parent);
                         return;
                     }
                 }
@@ -536,9 +681,8 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_allocate_node(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor
         struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc = galloc->buf_tallocs[buffer_id];
         ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = galloc->bufts[buffer_id];
         size_t size = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buft, node);
-        size_t offset = ggml_dyn_tallocr_alloc(alloc, size, node);
         hn->buffer_id = buffer_id;
-        hn->offset = offset;
+        hn->addr = ggml_dyn_tallocr_alloc(alloc, size, node);
     }
 }
 
@@ -550,12 +694,18 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_free_node(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor * n
     }
 
     struct hash_node * hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, node);
-    size_t offset = hn->offset;
     int buffer_id = hn->buffer_id;
     struct ggml_dyn_tallocr * alloc = galloc->buf_tallocs[buffer_id];
     ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = galloc->bufts[buffer_id];
     size_t size = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buft, node);
-    ggml_dyn_tallocr_free_tensor(alloc, offset, size, node);
+
+    AT_PRINTF("%s: freeing %s at {chunk=%d, offset=%zu} (%zu bytes) - n_free_blocks = %d\n",
+        __func__, node->name, hn->addr.chunk, hn->addr.offset, size, alloc->chunks[hn->addr.chunk]->n_free_blocks);
+#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+    remove_allocated_tensor(alloc, hn->addr, node);
+#endif
+
+    ggml_dyn_tallocr_free_bytes(alloc, hn->addr, size);
     hn->allocated = false;
 }
 
@@ -584,7 +734,7 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph_impl(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgr
         // GGML_OP_NONE does not appear normally in the graph nodes, but is used by ggml-backend to add dependencies to
         // control when some tensors are allocated and freed. in this case, the dependencies are in `src`, but the node
         // itself is never used and should not be considered a dependency
-        if (ggml_is_view(node) && node->op != GGML_OP_NONE) {
+        if (ggml_impl_is_view(node) && node->op != GGML_OP_NONE) {
             struct ggml_tensor * view_src = node->view_src;
             ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, view_src)->n_views += 1;
         }
@@ -651,7 +801,7 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph_impl(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgr
                 parent->name, p_hn->n_children, p_hn->n_views, p_hn->allocated);
 
             if (p_hn->n_children == 0 && p_hn->n_views == 0) {
-                if (ggml_is_view(parent)) {
+                if (ggml_impl_is_view(parent)) {
                     struct ggml_tensor * view_src = parent->view_src;
                     struct hash_node * view_src_hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, view_src);
                     view_src_hn->n_views -= 1;
@@ -670,7 +820,8 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph_impl(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgr
     }
 }
 
-bool ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, const int * node_buffer_ids, const int * leaf_buffer_ids) {
+static bool ggml_gallocr_reserve_n_impl(
+        ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, const int * node_buffer_ids, const int * leaf_buffer_ids, bool no_alloc) {
     size_t min_hash_size = graph->n_nodes + graph->n_leafs;
     // add 25% margin to avoid hash collisions
     min_hash_size += min_hash_size / 4;
@@ -706,24 +857,24 @@ bool ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, c
         struct node_alloc * node_alloc = &galloc->node_allocs[i];
         if (node->view_src || node->data) {
             node_alloc->dst.buffer_id = -1;
-            node_alloc->dst.offset = SIZE_MAX;
+            node_alloc->dst.addr = GGML_BUFFER_ADDRESS_INVALID;
             node_alloc->dst.size_max = 0;
         } else {
             struct hash_node * hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, node);
             node_alloc->dst.buffer_id = hn->buffer_id;
-            node_alloc->dst.offset    = hn->offset;
+            node_alloc->dst.addr = hn->addr;
             node_alloc->dst.size_max  = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(galloc->bufts[hn->buffer_id], node);
         }
         for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
             struct ggml_tensor * src = node->src[j];
             if (!src || src->view_src || src->data) {
                 node_alloc->src[j].buffer_id = -1;
-                node_alloc->src[j].offset = SIZE_MAX;
+                node_alloc->src[j].addr = GGML_BUFFER_ADDRESS_INVALID;
                 node_alloc->src[j].size_max = 0;
             } else {
                 struct hash_node * hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, src);
                 node_alloc->src[j].buffer_id = hn->buffer_id;
-                node_alloc->src[j].offset   = hn->offset;
+                node_alloc->src[j].addr = hn->addr;
                 node_alloc->src[j].size_max = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(galloc->bufts[hn->buffer_id], src);
             }
         }
@@ -739,11 +890,11 @@ bool ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, c
         struct hash_node * hn = ggml_gallocr_hash_get(galloc, leaf);
         if (leaf->view_src || leaf->data) {
             galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.buffer_id = -1;
-            galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.offset = SIZE_MAX;
+            galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.addr = GGML_BUFFER_ADDRESS_INVALID;
             galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.size_max = 0;
         } else {
             galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.buffer_id = hn->buffer_id;
-            galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.offset = hn->offset;
+            galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.addr = hn->addr;
             galloc->leaf_allocs[i].leaf.size_max = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(galloc->bufts[hn->buffer_id], leaf);
         }
     }
@@ -758,39 +909,69 @@ bool ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, c
             }
         }
 
-        size_t cur_size = galloc->buffers[i] ? ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(galloc->buffers[i]) : 0;
-        size_t new_size = ggml_dyn_tallocr_max_size(galloc->buf_tallocs[i]);
-
         // even if there are no tensors allocated in this buffer, we still need to allocate it to initialize views
-        if (new_size > cur_size || galloc->buffers[i] == NULL) {
+        bool realloc = galloc->buffers[i] == NULL;
+        size_t new_size = 0;
+        for (int c = 0; c < galloc->buf_tallocs[i]->n_chunks; c++) {
+            size_t cur_chunk_size = galloc->buffers[i] ? ggml_vbuffer_chunk_size(galloc->buffers[i], c) : 0;
+            size_t new_chunk_size = ggml_dyn_tallocr_max_size(galloc->buf_tallocs[i], c);
+            new_size += new_chunk_size;
+            if (new_chunk_size > cur_chunk_size) {
+                realloc = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (realloc) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: reallocating %s buffer from size %.02f MiB to %.02f MiB\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buft_name(galloc->bufts[i]), cur_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, new_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+            {
+                size_t cur_size = galloc->buffers[i] ? ggml_vbuffer_size(galloc->buffers[i]) : 0;
+                if (cur_size > 0) {
+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: reallocating %s buffer from size %.02f MiB to %.02f MiB\n",
+                        __func__, ggml_backend_buft_name(galloc->bufts[i]), cur_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, new_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+                }
+            }
 #endif
-
-            ggml_backend_buffer_free(galloc->buffers[i]);
-            galloc->buffers[i] = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(galloc->bufts[i], new_size);
-            if (galloc->buffers[i] == NULL) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate %s buffer of size %zu\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buft_name(galloc->bufts[i]), new_size);
-                return false;
+            ggml_vbuffer_free(galloc->buffers[i]);
+            if (no_alloc) {
+                galloc->buffers[i] = NULL;
+            } else {
+                galloc->buffers[i] = ggml_vbuffer_alloc(galloc->bufts[i], galloc->buf_tallocs[i], GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_COMPUTE);
+                if (galloc->buffers[i] == NULL) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate %s buffer of size %zu\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buft_name(galloc->bufts[i]), new_size);
+                    return false;
+                }
             }
-            ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(galloc->buffers[i], GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_COMPUTE);
         }
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
+void ggml_gallocr_reserve_n_size(
+        ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, const int * node_buffer_ids, const int * leaf_buffer_ids, size_t * sizes) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_gallocr_reserve_n_impl(galloc, graph, node_buffer_ids, leaf_buffer_ids, /*no_alloc =*/ true));
+    for (int i = 0; i < galloc->n_buffers; i++) {
+        sizes[i] = 0;
+        for (int c = 0; c < galloc->buf_tallocs[i]->n_chunks; c++) {
+            sizes[i] += galloc->buf_tallocs[i]->chunks[c]->max_size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, const int * node_buffer_ids, const int * leaf_buffer_ids) {
+    return ggml_gallocr_reserve_n_impl(galloc, graph, node_buffer_ids, leaf_buffer_ids, /*no_alloc =*/ false);
+}
+
 bool ggml_gallocr_reserve(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph *graph) {
     return ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(galloc, graph, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 static void ggml_gallocr_init_tensor(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, struct tensor_alloc * tensor_alloc) {
     int buffer_id = tensor_alloc->buffer_id;
-    assert(tensor->data || tensor->view_src || ggml_backend_buffer_get_alloc_size(galloc->buffers[buffer_id], tensor) <= tensor_alloc->size_max);
+    assert(tensor->data || tensor->view_src || ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(galloc->bufts[buffer_id], tensor) <= tensor_alloc->size_max);
 
     if (tensor->view_src != NULL) {
         if (tensor->buffer == NULL) {
-            assert(tensor_alloc->offset == SIZE_MAX);
+            assert(tensor_alloc->addr.offset == SIZE_MAX);
             if (tensor->view_src->buffer == NULL) {
                 // this tensor was allocated without ggml-backend
                 return;
@@ -799,11 +980,9 @@ static void ggml_gallocr_init_tensor(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_tensor *
         }
     } else {
         if (tensor->data == NULL) {
-            assert(tensor_alloc->offset != SIZE_MAX);
-            assert(ggml_backend_buffer_get_alloc_size(galloc->buffers[buffer_id], tensor) <= tensor_alloc->size_max);
-            void * base = ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(galloc->buffers[buffer_id]);
-            void * addr = (char *)base + tensor_alloc->offset;
-            ggml_backend_tensor_alloc(galloc->buffers[buffer_id], tensor, addr);
+            assert(tensor_alloc->addr.offset != SIZE_MAX);
+            assert(ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(galloc->bufts[buffer_id], tensor) <= tensor_alloc->size_max);
+            ggml_vbuffer_tensor_alloc(galloc->buffers[buffer_id], tensor, tensor_alloc->addr);
         } else {
             if (tensor->buffer == NULL) {
                 // this tensor was allocated without ggml-backend
@@ -888,7 +1067,7 @@ bool ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph)
     // reset buffers
     for (int i = 0; i < galloc->n_buffers; i++) {
         if (galloc->buffers[i] != NULL) {
-            ggml_backend_buffer_reset(galloc->buffers[i]);
+            ggml_vbuffer_reset(galloc->buffers[i]);
         }
     }
 
@@ -931,7 +1110,7 @@ size_t ggml_gallocr_get_buffer_size(ggml_gallocr_t galloc, int buffer_id) {
         }
     }
 
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(galloc->buffers[buffer_id]);
+    return ggml_vbuffer_size(galloc->buffers[buffer_id]);
 }
 
 // utils
@@ -984,7 +1163,8 @@ static bool alloc_tensor_range(struct ggml_context * ctx,
     return true;
 }
 
-ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_impl(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t * nbytes_total, bool no_alloc) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_get_no_alloc(ctx) == true);
 
     size_t alignment = ggml_backend_buft_get_alignment(buft);
@@ -992,6 +1172,7 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(struct ggml_conte
 
     ggml_backend_buffer_t * buffers = NULL;
     size_t n_buffers = 0;
+    *nbytes_total = 0;
 
     size_t cur_buf_size = 0;
     struct ggml_tensor * first = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx);
@@ -1003,10 +1184,11 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(struct ggml_conte
 
         if (cur_buf_size > 0 && (cur_buf_size + this_size) > max_size) {
             // allocate tensors in the current buffer
-            if (!alloc_tensor_range(ctx, first, t, buft, cur_buf_size, &buffers, &n_buffers)) {
+            if (!no_alloc && !alloc_tensor_range(ctx, first, t, buft, cur_buf_size, &buffers, &n_buffers)) {
                 return NULL;
             }
             first = t;
+            *nbytes_total += cur_buf_size;
             cur_buf_size = this_size;
         } else {
             cur_buf_size += this_size;
@@ -1015,15 +1197,21 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(struct ggml_conte
 
     // allocate remaining tensors
     if (cur_buf_size > 0) {
-        if (!alloc_tensor_range(ctx, first, NULL, buft, cur_buf_size, &buffers, &n_buffers)) {
+        *nbytes_total += cur_buf_size;
+        if (!no_alloc && !alloc_tensor_range(ctx, first, NULL, buft, cur_buf_size, &buffers, &n_buffers)) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
 
+    if (no_alloc) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     if (n_buffers == 0) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: all tensors in the context are already allocated\n", __func__);
 #endif
+        GGML_ASSERT(!buffers);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1033,10 +1221,24 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(struct ggml_conte
     } else {
         buffer = ggml_backend_multi_buffer_alloc_buffer(buffers, n_buffers);
     }
-    free(buffers);
+    if (buffers) {
+        free(buffers); // can be NULL if context is empty or no_alloc
+    }
     return buffer;
 }
 
+size_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_size(struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    size_t nbytes_total = 0;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_impl(ctx, buft, &nbytes_total, /*no_alloc=*/ true);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!buf);
+    return nbytes_total;
+}
+
+ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    size_t nbytes_total = 0;
+    return ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft_impl(ctx, buft, &nbytes_total, /*no_alloc =*/ false);
+}
+
 ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors(struct ggml_context * ctx, ggml_backend_t backend) {
     return ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx, ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend));
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-amx/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d6676f3f67b..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-if (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "x86_64" OR CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|amd64|x64|win32)$" OR
-        (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR AND
-         CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|AMD64)$") AND
-        CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 11.0)
-    message(STATUS "Using AMX")
-
-    file(GLOB   GGML_HEADERS_AMX "*.h")
-    list(APPEND GGML_HEADERS_AMX "../../include/ggml-amx.h")
-
-    file(GLOB   GGML_SOURCES_AMX "*.cpp")
-
-    add_library(ggml-amx
-                ${GGML_HEADERS_AMX}
-                ${GGML_SOURCES_AMX})
-
-    target_link_libraries(ggml-amx PRIVATE ggml-base)
-    target_include_directories(ggml-amx PRIVATE . ..)
-
-    # this is duplicated from the CPU backend, since the AMX backend also depends on the architecture flags
-    # TODO: integrate AMX backend into the CPU backend
-    if (MSVC)
-        # instruction set detection for MSVC only
-        if (GGML_NATIVE)
-            # TODO: improve, should not reference files from the parent folder
-            include(../ggml-cpu/cmake/FindSIMD.cmake)
-        endif ()
-        if (GGML_AVX512)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS /arch:AVX512)
-            # MSVC has no compile-time flags enabling specific
-            # AVX512 extensions, neither it defines the
-            # macros corresponding to the extensions.
-            # Do it manually.
-            if (GGML_AVX512_VBMI)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:__AVX512VBMI__>)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:__AVX512VBMI__>)
-            endif()
-            if (GGML_AVX512_VNNI)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:__AVX512VNNI__>)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:__AVX512VNNI__>)
-            endif()
-            if (GGML_AVX512_BF16)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:__AVX512BF16__>)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:__AVX512BF16__>)
-            endif()
-            if (GGML_AMX_TILE)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:__AMX_TILE__>)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:__AMX_TILE__>)
-            endif()
-            if (GGML_AMX_INT8)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:__AMX_INT8__>)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:__AMX_INT8__>)
-            endif()
-            if (GGML_AMX_BF16)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:__AMX_BF16__>)
-                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:__AMX_BF16__>)
-            endif()
-        elseif (GGML_AVX2)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS /arch:AVX2)
-        elseif (GGML_AVX)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS /arch:AVX)
-        endif()
-    else()
-        if (GGML_NATIVE)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=native)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_F16C)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mf16c)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_FMA)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfma)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AVX)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AVX2)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx2)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AVX512)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512f)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512dq)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512bw)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AVX512_VBMI)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512vbmi)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AVX512_VNNI)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512vnni)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AVX512_BF16)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512bf16)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AMX_TILE)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mamx-tile)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AMX_INT8)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mamx-int8)
-        endif()
-        if (GGML_AMX_BF16)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mamx-bf16)
-        endif()
-    endif()
-
-    target_compile_options(ggml-amx PRIVATE ${ARCH_FLAGS})
-else()
-    set(GGML_AMX OFF PARENT_SCOPE)
-    message(WARNING "AMX requires x86 and gcc version > 11.0. Turning off GGML_AMX.")
-endif()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/common.h b/ggml/src/ggml-amx/common.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5db8ce30d9b..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/common.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "ggml.h"
-// hack until AMX is moved into the CPU backend
-#include "../ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h" // <immintrin.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <memory>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-#if defined(_OPENMP)
-#include <omp.h>
-#endif
-
-#define TILE_M 16
-#define TILE_N 16
-#define TILE_K 32
-#define VNNI_BLK 4
-
-#define AMX_BLK_SIZE 32
-
-#define TMM0 0
-#define TMM1 1
-#define TMM2 2
-#define TMM3 3
-#define TMM4 4
-#define TMM5 5
-#define TMM6 6
-#define TMM7 7
-
-// parallel routines
-template <typename T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
-inline T div_up(T x, T y) { return (x + y - 1) / y; }
-
-template <typename T>
-inline void balance211(T n, T nth, T ith, T& n_start, T& n_end) {
-#if 0
-    // onednn partition pattern
-    T& n_my = n_end;
-    if (nth <= 1 || n == 0) {
-        n_start = 0;
-        n_my = n;
-    } else {
-        T n1 = div_up(n, nth);
-        T n2 = n1 - 1;
-        T T1 = n - n2 * nth;
-        n_my = ith < T1 ? n1 : n2;
-        n_start = ith <= T1 ? ith*n1 : T1 * n1 + (ith - T1) * n2;
-    }
-    n_end += n_start;
-#else
-    // pytorch aten partition pattern
-    T n_my = div_up(n, nth);
-    n_start = ith * n_my;
-    n_end = std::min(n_start + n_my, n);
-#endif
-}
-
-template <typename func_t>
-inline void parallel_for(int nth, int n, const func_t& f) {
-#if defined(_OPENMP)
-#pragma omp parallel num_threads(nth)
-{
-    //int nth = omp_get_num_threads();
-    int ith = omp_get_thread_num();
-    int tbegin, tend;
-    balance211(n, nth, ith, tbegin, tend);
-    f(tbegin, tend);
-}
-#else
-    f(0, n);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(nth);
-#endif
-}
-
-// quantized types that have AMX support
-inline bool qtype_has_amx_kernels(const enum ggml_type type) {
-    // TODO: fix padding for vnni format
-    return (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) ||
-        (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-        //(type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) ||
-        //(type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K) ||
-        //(type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K) ||
-        //(type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) ||
-        //(type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS);
-}
-
-// ggml backend context
-struct ggml_backend_amx_context {
-    int n_threads = GGML_DEFAULT_N_THREADS;
-    std::unique_ptr<char[]> work_data;
-    size_t work_size = 0;
-};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/ggml-amx.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-amx/ggml-amx.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8568e7965fd..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/ggml-amx.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,446 +0,0 @@
-#include "ggml-amx.h"
-#include "ggml-amx/common.h"
-#include "ggml-amx/mmq.h"
-#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
-
-#if defined(__gnu_linux__)
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <memory>
-
-#if defined(__AMX_INT8__)
-
-// AMX buffer interface
-static void ggml_backend_amx_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    free(buffer->context);
-}
-
-static void * ggml_backend_amx_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    return (void *)(buffer->context);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_amx_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    memset((char *)tensor->data + offset, value, size);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_amx_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    if (qtype_has_amx_kernels(tensor->type)) {
-        ggml_backend_amx_convert_weight(tensor, data, offset, size);
-    } else {
-        memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
-    }
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_amx_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(!qtype_has_amx_kernels(tensor->type));
-    memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_amx_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
-        if (qtype_has_amx_kernels(src->type)) {
-            ggml_backend_amx_convert_weight(dst, src->data, 0, ggml_backend_amx_get_alloc_size(dst));
-        } else {
-            memcpy(dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src));
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_amx_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
-    memset(buffer->context, value, buffer->size);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_amx_buffer_interface = {
-    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_free_buffer,
-    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_get_base,
-    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL, // no initialization required
-    /* .memset_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_memset_tensor,
-    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_set_tensor,
-    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_get_tensor,
-    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_cpy_tensor,
-    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_clear,
-    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
-};
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return "AMX";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
-    void * data = aligned_alloc(TENSOR_ALIGNMENT, size);
-    if (data == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to allocate buffer of size %zu\n", __func__, size);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_amx_buffer_interface, data, size);
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return TENSOR_ALIGNMENT;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor* tensor) {
-    return ggml_backend_amx_get_alloc_size(tensor);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return false;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type() {
-    static struct ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_buffer_type_amx = {
-        /* .iface = */ {
-            /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_name,
-            /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
-            /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_alignment,
-            /* .get_max_size     = */ NULL, // defaults to SIZE_MAX
-            /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
-            /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_is_host,
-        },
-        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_amx_reg(), 0),
-        /* .context = */ NULL,
-    };
-
-    return &ggml_backend_buffer_type_amx;
-}
-
-// backend interface
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_amx_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return "AMX";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_amx_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_backend_amx_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_amx_context *)backend->context;
-    delete ctx;
-    delete backend;
-}
-
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_amx_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-    ggml_backend_amx_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_amx_context *)backend->context;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
-
-        switch (node->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-            ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(ctx, node);
-            break;
-
-        case GGML_OP_NONE:
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-            break;
-
-        default:
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported op %s\n", __func__, ggml_op_desc(node));
-            GGML_ASSERT(false);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-}
-
-static struct ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_amx_i = {
-    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_amx_name,
-    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_amx_free,
-    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_amx_graph_compute,
-    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
-};
-
-static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_amx_guid() {
-    static ggml_guid guid = { 0x13, 0xb8, 0xa4, 0xc4, 0xba, 0xfe, 0x51, 0x67, 0x87, 0x44, 0x55, 0x15, 0xb2, 0x35, 0x62, 0x3e };
-    return &guid;
-}
-
-#define ARCH_GET_XCOMP_PERM     0x1022
-#define ARCH_REQ_XCOMP_PERM     0x1023
-#define XFEATURE_XTILECFG       17
-#define XFEATURE_XTILEDATA      18
-
-static bool ggml_amx_init() {
-#if defined(__gnu_linux__)
-    if (syscall(SYS_arch_prctl, ARCH_REQ_XCOMP_PERM, XFEATURE_XTILEDATA)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "AMX is not ready to be used!\n");
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-    return true;
-#endif
-}
-
-ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_amx_init() {
-
-    // invoke a Linux system call to request access to AMX features
-    ggml_amx_init();
-
-    // backend context
-    ggml_backend_amx_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_amx_context;
-
-    // ggml amx backend
-    ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_amx_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_amx_i,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_amx_reg(), 0),
-        /* .context   = */ ctx,
-    };
-
-    return backend;
-}
-
-bool ggml_backend_is_amx(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_amx_guid());
-}
-
-void ggml_backend_amx_set_n_threads(ggml_backend_t backend_amx, int n_threads) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_amx(backend_amx));
-
-    ggml_backend_amx_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_amx_context *)backend_amx->context;
-    ctx->n_threads = n_threads;
-}
-
-// device interface
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_amx_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return "AMX";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_amx_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return "Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_amx_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    // TODO
-    *free = 0;
-    *total = 0;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_amx_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_ACCEL;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_amx_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
-    props->name        = ggml_backend_amx_device_get_name(dev);
-    props->description = ggml_backend_amx_device_get_description(dev);
-    props->type        = ggml_backend_amx_device_get_type(dev);
-    ggml_backend_amx_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
-
-    // `buffer_from_host_ptr` is intended to be used in mmap, when memory layout unchanged
-    props->caps = {
-        /* .async                 = */ false,
-        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
-        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
-        /* .events                = */ false,
-    };
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_amx_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
-    return ggml_backend_amx_init();
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_amx_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type();
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_amx_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-
-    // handle only 2d gemm for now
-    auto is_contiguous_2d = [](const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
-        return ggml_is_contiguous(t) && t->ne[3] == 1 && t->ne[2] == 1;
-    };
-
-    switch (op->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_NONE:
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-            return true;
-
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT: {
-            const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
-            const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
-
-            const enum ggml_type type = src0->type;
-            const int64_t ne0 = op->ne[0];
-
-            // amx kernels enables for Q4_0, Q4_1, Q8_0, F16
-            // Q4_K, Q5_K, Q6_K, IQ4_XS enabled for QK_K = 256
-            bool has_amx_kernels = qtype_has_amx_kernels(type) || (type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-            bool can_use_amx =
-                is_contiguous_2d(src0) &&       // src0 must be contiguous
-                is_contiguous_2d(src1) &&       // src1 must be contiguous
-                src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&  // src1 must be float32
-                has_amx_kernels &&              // with amx kernel impls
-                ne0 % (TILE_N * 2) == 0;        // out_features is 32x
-
-            return can_use_amx;
-        }
-        default:
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_amx_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_name;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_amx_device_i = {
-    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_get_name,
-    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_get_description,
-    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_get_memory,
-    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_get_type,
-    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_get_props,
-    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_init,
-    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_get_buffer_type,
-    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
-    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ NULL,
-    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_supports_op,
-    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_supports_buft,
-    /* .offload_op           = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
-};
-
-// backend reg interface
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_amx_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return "AMX";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_amx_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return 1;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_amx_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(index == 0);
-
-    static ggml_backend_device ggml_backend_amx_device = {
-        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_amx_device_i,
-        /* .reg     = */ reg,
-        /* .context = */ nullptr,
-    };
-
-    return &ggml_backend_amx_device;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-    GGML_UNUSED(index);
-}
-
-static void * ggml_backend_amx_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
-    if (std::strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_set_n_threads") == 0) {
-        return (void *)ggml_backend_amx_set_n_threads;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-    GGML_UNUSED(name);
-}
-
-static const struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_amx_reg_i = {
-    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_amx_reg_get_name,
-    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_amx_reg_get_device_count,
-    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_amx_reg_get_device,
-    /* .get_proc_address = */ ggml_backend_amx_get_proc_address,
-};
-
-ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_amx_reg(void) {
-    static struct ggml_backend_reg ggml_backend_amx_reg = {
-        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_amx_reg_i,
-        /* .context = */ NULL,
-    };
-
-    return &ggml_backend_amx_reg;
-}
-
-#else // if defined(__AMX_INT8__)
-
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type(void) {
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-bool ggml_backend_is_amx(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-    return false;
-}
-
-ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_amx_init(void) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "GGML is not compiled with AMX support!\n");
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-void ggml_backend_amx_set_n_threads(ggml_backend_t backend_amx, int n_threads) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "GGML is not compiled with AMX support!\n");
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend_amx);
-    GGML_UNUSED(n_threads);
-}
-
-ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_amx_reg(void) {
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 529bee25b5e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2510 +0,0 @@
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-local-typedefs"
-#endif
-
-#include "mmq.h"
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-quants.h"
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-#if defined(__gnu_linux__)
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_OPENMP)
-#include <omp.h>
-#endif
-
-#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64))
-#define RESTRICT __restrict
-#else
-#define RESTRICT __restrict__
-#endif
-
-#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64))
-#define ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
-#elif __has_attribute(always_inline) || defined(__GNUC__)
-#define ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((__always_inline__)) inline
-#else
-#define ALWAYS_INLINE inline
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__AMX_INT8__)
-
-namespace {
-
-// Forced unrolling
-template <int n>
-struct Unroll {
-    template <typename Func, typename... Args>
-    ALWAYS_INLINE void operator()(const Func& f, Args... args) const {
-        Unroll<n - 1>{}(f, args...);
-        f(std::integral_constant<int, n - 1>{}, args...);
-    }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct Unroll<1> {
-    template <typename Func, typename... Args>
-    ALWAYS_INLINE void operator()(const Func& f, Args... args) const {
-        f(std::integral_constant<int, 0>{}, args...);
-    }
-};
-
-// type traits
-template <typename T> struct PackedTypes {};
-template <> struct PackedTypes<block_q4_0> { using type = int8_t; };
-template <> struct PackedTypes<block_q4_1> { using type = uint8_t; };
-template <> struct PackedTypes<block_q8_0> { using type = int8_t; };
-template <typename T> using packed_B_type = typename PackedTypes<T>::type;
-
-template <typename T>
-struct do_compensate : std::integral_constant<bool,
-    std::is_same<T, block_q8_0>::value> {};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct do_unpack : std::integral_constant<bool,
-    std::is_same<T, block_q4_0>::value ||
-    std::is_same<T, block_q4_1>::value> {};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct is_type_qkk : std::integral_constant<bool,
-    std::is_same<T, block_q4_K>::value ||
-    std::is_same<T, block_q5_K>::value ||
-    std::is_same<T, block_q6_K>::value ||
-    std::is_same<T, block_iq4_xs>::value> {};
-
-#define GGML_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(TYPE, ...)                                        \
-    [&] {                                                                              \
-        switch (TYPE) {                                                                \
-            case GGML_TYPE_F16: {                                                      \
-                using type = ggml_fp16_t;                                              \
-                constexpr int blck_size = 16;                                          \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            case GGML_TYPE_BF16: {                                                     \
-                using type = ggml_bf16_t;                                              \
-                constexpr int blck_size = 32;                                          \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            default:                                                                   \
-                fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported floating data type\n");                   \
-        }                                                                              \
-    }()
-
-#define GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(QT, ...)                                                  \
-    [&] {                                                                              \
-        switch (QT) {                                                                  \
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: {                                                     \
-                using type = block_q4_0;                                               \
-                using vec_dot_type = block_q8_0;                                       \
-                constexpr int blck_size = QK4_0;                                       \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: {                                                     \
-                using type = block_q4_1;                                               \
-                using vec_dot_type = block_q8_1;                                       \
-                constexpr int blck_size = QK4_1;                                       \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: {                                                     \
-                using type = block_q8_0;                                               \
-                using vec_dot_type = block_q8_0;                                       \
-                constexpr int blck_size = QK8_0;                                       \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K: {                                                     \
-                using type = block_q4_K;                                               \
-                using vec_dot_type = block_q8_K;                                       \
-                constexpr int blck_size = QK_K;                                        \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K: {                                                     \
-                using type = block_q5_K;                                               \
-                using vec_dot_type = block_q8_K;                                       \
-                constexpr int blck_size = QK_K;                                        \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K: {                                                     \
-                using type = block_q6_K;                                               \
-                using vec_dot_type = block_q8_K;                                       \
-                constexpr int blck_size = QK_K;                                        \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS: {                                                   \
-                using type = block_iq4_xs;                                             \
-                using vec_dot_type = block_q8_K;                                       \
-                constexpr int blck_size = QK_K;                                        \
-                return __VA_ARGS__();                                                  \
-            }                                                                          \
-            default:                                                                   \
-                fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported quantized data type: %d\n", int(TYPE));   \
-        }                                                                              \
-    }()
-
-#define GGML_DISPATCH_BOOL(BOOL_V, BOOL_NAME, ...)                                     \
-    [&] {                                                                              \
-        if (BOOL_V) {                                                                  \
-            constexpr bool BOOL_NAME = true;                                           \
-            return __VA_ARGS__();                                                      \
-        } else {                                                                       \
-            constexpr bool BOOL_NAME = false;                                          \
-            return __VA_ARGS__();                                                      \
-        }                                                                              \
-    }()
-
-// define amx tile config data structure
-struct tile_config_t{
-    uint8_t palette_id = 0;
-    uint8_t start_row = 0;
-    uint8_t reserved_0[14] = {0};
-    uint16_t colsb[16] = {0};
-    uint8_t rows[16] = {0};
-};
-
-// Notes: amx tile config
-//
-// Typically, TMUL calculates A and B of size 16 x 64 containing INT8 values,
-// and accumulate the result to a 16 x 16 matrix C containing INT32 values,
-//
-// As many GGUF quantized types as `block_size` of 32, so a 16-16-32 config is used
-// instead of the normally used 16-16-64 config.
-//
-//    Block A: {16, 32}, dtype = int8_t
-//    Block B: {16, 32}, dtype = uint8_t/int8_t
-//    Block C: {16, 16}, dtype = int32_t
-//
-// Block B needs to be prepacked to vnni format before feeding into  TMUL:
-//    packed_B: from {n, k} to {k/vnni_blk, n, vnni_blck}, viewed in 2d, we get {8, 64}
-//
-// Therefore, we get tileconfig:
-//             A    B    C
-//    rows    16    8   16
-//    colsb   32   64   16
-//
-// For tile distribution, follow a 2-2-4 pattern, e.g. A used TMM2-TMM3, B used TMM0-TMM1,
-// C used TMM4-TMM7:
-//            B TMM0  B TMM1
-//    A TMM2  C TMM4  C TMM6
-//    A TMM3  C TMM5  C TMM7
-//
-// Each `amx` kernel handles 4 blocks at a time: 2MB * 2NB, when m < 2 * BLOCK_M, unpack A
-// will be needed.
-//
-// Here another commonly used pattern 1-3-3 is skipped, as it is mostly used when m <=16;
-// and the sinlge batch gemm (m=1) has a special fast path with `avx512-vnni`.
-//
-// ref: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/code-sample/
-//    advanced-matrix-extensions-intrinsics-functions.html
-//
-
-#define TC_CONFIG_TILE(i, r, cb) tc.rows[i] = r; tc.colsb[i] = cb
-void ggml_tile_config_init(void) {
-    static thread_local bool is_first_time = true;
-
-    if (!is_first_time) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    static thread_local tile_config_t tc;
-    tile_config_t current_tc;
-    _tile_storeconfig(&current_tc);
-
-    // load only when config changes
-    if (tc.palette_id == 0 || (memcmp(&current_tc.colsb, &tc.colsb, sizeof(uint16_t) * 8) != 0 &&
-                               memcmp(&current_tc.rows, &tc.rows, sizeof(uint8_t) * 8) != 0)) {
-        tc.palette_id = 1;
-        tc.start_row = 0;
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM0, 8, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM1, 8, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM2, 16, 32);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM3, 16, 32);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM4, 16, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM5, 16, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM6, 16, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM7, 16, 64);
-        _tile_loadconfig(&tc);
-    }
-
-    is_first_time = false;
-}
-
-// we need an extra 16 * 4B (TILE_N * int32_t) for each NB/KB block for compensation.
-// See the notes `s8s8 igemm compensation in avx512-vnni` for detail.
-template <typename TB>
-int get_tile_size() {
-    int tile_size = TILE_N * sizeof(TB);
-    if (do_compensate<TB>::value) {
-        tile_size += TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t);
-    }
-    if (std::is_same<TB, block_q4_K>::value ||
-        std::is_same<TB, block_q5_K>::value) {
-        tile_size += TILE_N * 4;
-    }
-    if (std::is_same<TB, block_iq4_xs>::value) {
-        tile_size += TILE_N * 2;
-    }
-    return tile_size;
-}
-
-template <typename TB, int BLOCK_K>
-int get_row_size(int K) {
-    int KB = K / BLOCK_K;
-    int row_size = KB * sizeof(TB);
-    if (do_compensate<TB>::value) {
-        row_size += KB * sizeof(int32_t);
-    }
-    if (std::is_same<TB, block_q4_K>::value ||
-        std::is_same<TB, block_q5_K>::value) {
-        row_size += KB * 4;
-    }
-    if (std::is_same<TB, block_iq4_xs>::value) {
-        row_size += KB * 2;
-    }
-    return row_size;
-}
-
-// vectorized dtype conversion
-inline float FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_half val) {
-    __m256i v = _mm256_setr_epi16(
-        val, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-    __m512 o = _mm512_cvtph_ps(v);
-    return _mm512_cvtss_f32(o);
-}
-
-inline __m512 FP16_TO_FP32_VEC(ggml_half val) {
-    __m256i v = _mm256_set1_epi16(val);
-    return _mm512_cvtph_ps(v);
-}
-
-// horizontal reduce
-inline float _mm512_reduce_max_ps(const __m512 x) {
-    __m512 v = x;
-    __m512 v1 = _mm512_shuffle_f32x4(v, v, 0x4E);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    v1 = _mm512_shuffle_f32x4(v, v, 0xB1);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    v1 = _mm512_shuffle_ps(v, v, 0x4E);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    v1 = _mm512_shuffle_ps(v, v, 0xB1);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    return _mm512_cvtss_f32(v);
-}
-
-// transpose utils
-#define SHUFFLE_EPI32(a, b, mask) \
-    _mm256_castps_si256(_mm256_shuffle_ps(_mm256_castsi256_ps(a), _mm256_castsi256_ps(b), mask))
-inline void transpose_8x8_32bit(__m256i * v, __m256i * v1) {
-    // unpacking and 32-bit elements
-    v1[0] = _mm256_unpacklo_epi32(v[0], v[1]);
-    v1[1] = _mm256_unpackhi_epi32(v[0], v[1]);
-    v1[2] = _mm256_unpacklo_epi32(v[2], v[3]);
-    v1[3] = _mm256_unpackhi_epi32(v[2], v[3]);
-    v1[4] = _mm256_unpacklo_epi32(v[4], v[5]);
-    v1[5] = _mm256_unpackhi_epi32(v[4], v[5]);
-    v1[6] = _mm256_unpacklo_epi32(v[6], v[7]);
-    v1[7] = _mm256_unpackhi_epi32(v[6], v[7]);
-
-    // shuffling the 32-bit elements
-    v[0] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[0], v1[2], 0x44);
-    v[1] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[0], v1[2], 0xee);
-    v[2] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[4], v1[6], 0x44);
-    v[3] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[4], v1[6], 0xee);
-    v[4] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[1], v1[3], 0x44);
-    v[5] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[1], v1[3], 0xee);
-    v[6] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[5], v1[7], 0x44);
-    v[7] = SHUFFLE_EPI32(v1[5], v1[7], 0xee);
-
-    // shuffling 128-bit elements
-    v1[0] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[2], v[0], 0x02);
-    v1[1] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[3], v[1], 0x02);
-    v1[2] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[6], v[4], 0x02);
-    v1[3] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[7], v[5], 0x02);
-    v1[4] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[2], v[0], 0x13);
-    v1[5] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[3], v[1], 0x13);
-    v1[6] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[6], v[4], 0x13);
-    v1[7] = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(v[7], v[5], 0x13);
-}
-
-inline void transpose_16x4_32bit(__m512i * r, __m512i * d) {
-
-    static const __m512i index1 = _mm512_set_epi32(
-        0x0f, 0x0b, 0x07, 0x03,
-        0x0e, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x02,
-        0x0d, 0x09, 0x05, 0x01,
-        0x0c, 0x08, 0x04, 0x00);
-
-    d[0] = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(index1, r[0]);
-    d[1] = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(index1, r[1]);
-    d[2] = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(index1, r[2]);
-    d[3] = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(index1, r[3]);
-
-    r[0] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(d[0], d[1], 0x44);
-    r[1] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(d[0], d[1], 0xee);
-    r[2] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(d[2], d[3], 0x44);
-    r[3] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(d[2], d[3], 0xee);
-
-    d[0] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(r[0], r[2], 0x88);
-    d[1] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(r[0], r[2], 0xdd);
-    d[2] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(r[1], r[3], 0x88);
-    d[3] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(r[1], r[3], 0xdd);
-}
-
-inline void transpose_16x16_32bit(__m512i * v) {
-    __m512i v1[16];
-    v1[0] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[0], v[1]);
-    v1[1] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[0], v[1]);
-    v1[2] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[2], v[3]);
-    v1[3] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[2], v[3]);
-    v1[4] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[4], v[5]);
-    v1[5] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[4], v[5]);
-    v1[6] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[6], v[7]);
-    v1[7] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[6], v[7]);
-    v1[8] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[8], v[9]);
-    v1[9] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[8], v[9]);
-    v1[10] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[10], v[11]);
-    v1[11] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[10], v[11]);
-    v1[12] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[12], v[13]);
-    v1[13] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[12], v[13]);
-    v1[14] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi32(v[14], v[15]);
-    v1[15] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi32(v[14], v[15]);
-
-    v[0] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[0], v1[2]);
-    v[1] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[0], v1[2]);
-    v[2] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[1], v1[3]);
-    v[3] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[1], v1[3]);
-    v[4] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[4], v1[6]);
-    v[5] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[4], v1[6]);
-    v[6] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[5], v1[7]);
-    v[7] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[5], v1[7]);
-    v[8] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[8], v1[10]);
-    v[9] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[8], v1[10]);
-    v[10] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[9], v1[11]);
-    v[11] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[9], v1[11]);
-    v[12] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[12], v1[14]);
-    v[13] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[12], v1[14]);
-    v[14] = _mm512_unpacklo_epi64(v1[13], v1[15]);
-    v[15] = _mm512_unpackhi_epi64(v1[13], v1[15]);
-
-    v1[0] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[0], v[4], 0x88);
-    v1[1] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[1], v[5], 0x88);
-    v1[2] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[2], v[6], 0x88);
-    v1[3] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[3], v[7], 0x88);
-    v1[4] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[0], v[4], 0xdd);
-    v1[5] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[1], v[5], 0xdd);
-    v1[6] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[2], v[6], 0xdd);
-    v1[7] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[3], v[7], 0xdd);
-    v1[8] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[8], v[12], 0x88);
-    v1[9] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[9], v[13], 0x88);
-    v1[10] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[10], v[14], 0x88);
-    v1[11] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[11], v[15], 0x88);
-    v1[12] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[8], v[12], 0xdd);
-    v1[13] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[9], v[13], 0xdd);
-    v1[14] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[10], v[14], 0xdd);
-    v1[15] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v[11], v[15], 0xdd);
-
-    v[0] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[0], v1[8], 0x88);
-    v[1] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[1], v1[9], 0x88);
-    v[2] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[2], v1[10], 0x88);
-    v[3] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[3], v1[11], 0x88);
-    v[4] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[4], v1[12], 0x88);
-    v[5] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[5], v1[13], 0x88);
-    v[6] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[6], v1[14], 0x88);
-    v[7] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[7], v1[15], 0x88);
-    v[8] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[0], v1[8], 0xdd);
-    v[9] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[1], v1[9], 0xdd);
-    v[10] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[2], v1[10], 0xdd);
-    v[11] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[3], v1[11], 0xdd);
-    v[12] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[4], v1[12], 0xdd);
-    v[13] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[5], v1[13], 0xdd);
-    v[14] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[6], v1[14], 0xdd);
-    v[15] = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v1[7], v1[15], 0xdd);
-}
-
-void quantize_row_q8_K_vnni(const float * RESTRICT x, void * RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
-    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
-    const int KB = k / QK_K;
-    constexpr int kVecs = QK_K / 16;
-
-    block_q8_K * y = reinterpret_cast<block_q8_K *>(vy);
-
-    // hold 16 float vecs from x
-    __m512  v[kVecs];
-
-    // hold the quants vecs
-    __m512i vq[kVecs / 4];
-
-    // hold the packed quants vecs
-    __m512i vq_packed[kVecs / 4];
-
-    const __m512 signBit = _mm512_set1_ps(-0.f);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-        // Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
-        __m512 vamax = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-        for (int j = 0; j < kVecs; ++j) {
-            v[j] = _mm512_loadu_ps(x); x += 16;
-            vamax = _mm512_max_ps(vamax, _mm512_andnot_ps(signBit, v[j]));
-        }
-        const float amax = _mm512_reduce_max_ps(vamax);
-
-        // Quantize these floats
-        const float iscale = 127.f / amax;
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1 / iscale);
-        const float id = ( amax != 0.0f ) ? iscale : 0.f;
-        const __m512 vscale = _mm512_set1_ps(id);
-
-        // Apply multiplier and round to nearest integer
-        for (int j = 0; j < kVecs; ++j) {
-            v[j] = _mm512_mul_ps(v[j], vscale);
-            v[j] = _mm512_roundscale_ps(v[j], (_MM_FROUND_TO_NEAREST_INT | _MM_FROUND_NO_EXC));
-        }
-
-        // Pack to epi8 vecs
-        for (int j = 0; j < kVecs / 4; ++j) {
-            __m128i q8_0 = _mm512_cvtepi32_epi8(_mm512_cvtps_epi32(v[j * 4 + 0]));
-            __m128i q8_1 = _mm512_cvtepi32_epi8(_mm512_cvtps_epi32(v[j * 4 + 1]));
-            __m128i q8_2 = _mm512_cvtepi32_epi8(_mm512_cvtps_epi32(v[j * 4 + 2]));
-            __m128i q8_3 = _mm512_cvtepi32_epi8(_mm512_cvtps_epi32(v[j * 4 + 3]));
-
-            __m256i q8_01 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(q8_0), (q8_1), 1);
-            __m256i q8_23 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(q8_2), (q8_3), 1);
-
-            vq[j] = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(q8_01), q8_23, 1);
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(y[i].qs + j * 64), vq[j]);
-        }
-
-        // Compute the bsums with vnni
-        transpose_16x4_32bit(vq, vq_packed);
-
-        const __m512i one = _mm512_set1_epi8(1);
-        __m512i sum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-        for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-            sum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(sum, one, vq_packed[k]);
-        }
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(y[i].bsums), _mm512_cvtepi32_epi16(sum));
-    }
-}
-
-// quantize A from float to `vec_dot_type`
-template <typename T>
-inline void from_float(const float * x, char * vy, int64_t k);
-
-template <>
-inline void from_float<block_q8_0>(const float * x, char * vy, int64_t k) {
-    // FIXME: using unoptimized reference impl until moved to CPU backend
-    quantize_row_q8_0_ref(x, (block_q8_0 *)vy, k);
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void from_float<block_q8_1>(const float * x, char * vy, int64_t k) {
-    quantize_row_q8_1_ref(x, (block_q8_1 *)vy, k);
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void from_float<block_q8_K>(const float * x, char * vy, int64_t k) {
-#if 1
-    // TODO: this is reference impl!
-    quantize_row_q8_K_ref(x, (block_q8_K *)vy, k);
-#else
-    quantize_row_q8_K_vnni(x, vy, k);
-#endif
-}
-
-// load A from memory to array when nrows can not fill in whole tile
-void unpack_A(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_0 * RESTRICT A, int lda, int nr) {
-    assert(nr != TILE_M);
-    for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-        const __m256i v = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(A[m * lda].qs));
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(tile + m * TILE_K), v);
-    }
-}
-
-void unpack_A(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_1 * RESTRICT A, int lda, int nr) {
-    assert(nr != TILE_M);
-    for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-        const __m256i v = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(A[m * lda].qs));
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(tile + m * TILE_K), v);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename TB>
-void unpack_A(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_K * RESTRICT A, int lda, int k, int nr) {
-    assert(nr <= TILE_M);
-    for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-        const __m256i v = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(A[m * lda].qs + k * 32));
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(tile + m * TILE_K), v);
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void unpack_A<block_q6_K>(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_K * RESTRICT A, int lda, int k, int nr) {
-    assert(nr <= TILE_M);
-    // zero padding k from 16 to 32, so that we don't have to re-config amx
-    const __m128i zero = _mm_setzero_si128();
-    for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-        const __m128i v = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(A[m * lda].qs + k * 16));
-        const __m256i r = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(v), zero, 1);
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(tile + m * TILE_K), r);
-    }
-}
-
-#define MM256_SET_M128I(a, b) _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(b), (a), 1)
-inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi) {
-    const __m128i tmp = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)rsi);
-    const __m256i bytes = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(tmp, 4), tmp);
-    const __m256i lowMask = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    return _mm256_and_si256(lowMask, bytes);
-}
-
-// used for block_q4_K
-inline __m512i bytes_from_nibbles_64(const uint8_t * rsi) {
-    const __m256i tmp = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)rsi);
-    const __m256i lowMask = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    const __m256i q4l = _mm256_and_si256(tmp, lowMask);
-    const __m256i q4h = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(tmp, 4), lowMask);
-    return _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(q4l), q4h, 1);
-}
-
-// used for block_q5_K
-inline __m512i bytes_from_nibbles_64(const uint8_t * qs, const uint8_t * qh, int k) {
-    const __m256i lowMask = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    __m256i hmask = _mm256_set1_epi8(1);
-    hmask = _mm256_slli_epi16(hmask, k);
-
-    const __m256i q5bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)qs);
-    const __m256i hbits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)qh);
-
-    const __m256i q5l_0 = _mm256_and_si256(q5bits, lowMask);
-    const __m256i q5h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(hbits, hmask), k + 0), 4);
-    const __m256i q5_0  = _mm256_add_epi8(q5l_0, q5h_0);
-    hmask = _mm256_slli_epi16(hmask, 1);
-
-    const __m256i q5l_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q5bits, 4), lowMask);
-    const __m256i q5h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(hbits, hmask), k + 1), 4);
-    const __m256i q5_1  = _mm256_add_epi8(q5l_1, q5h_1);
-
-    return _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(q5_0), q5_1, 1);
-}
-
-// used for block_q6_K
-inline void bytes_from_nibbles_128(__m512i& r0, __m512i& r1, const uint8_t * qs, const uint8_t * qh) {
-    const __m256i m4 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    const __m256i m2 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x3);
-
-    const __m256i q6bits1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)qs);
-    const __m256i q6bits2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(qs + 32));
-    const __m256i q6bitsH = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)qh);
-
-    const __m256i q6h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(                  q6bitsH,     m2), 4);
-    const __m256i q6h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q6bitsH, 2), m2), 4);
-    const __m256i q6h_2 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q6bitsH, 4), m2), 4);
-    const __m256i q6h_3 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q6bitsH, 6), m2), 4);
-
-    const __m256i q6_0 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(q6bits1, m4), q6h_0);
-    const __m256i q6_1 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(q6bits2, m4), q6h_1);
-    const __m256i q6_2 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q6bits1, 4), m4), q6h_2);
-    const __m256i q6_3 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q6bits2, 4), m4), q6h_3);
-
-    r0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(q6_0), q6_1, 1);
-    r1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(q6_2), q6_3, 1);
-}
-
-inline __m512i packNibbles(__m512i r0, __m512i r1) {
-    return _mm512_or_si512(r0, _mm512_slli_epi16(r1, 4));
-}
-
-template <typename TB>
-inline void pack_qs(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const TB * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    int8_t tmp[8 * 64];
-    __m256i v[8], v2[8];
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        v[n] = bytes_from_nibbles_32(B[n * KB].qs);
-    }
-    transpose_8x8_32bit(v, v2);
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(tmp + n * 64), v2[n]);
-    }
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        v[n] = bytes_from_nibbles_32(B[(n + 8) * KB].qs);
-    }
-    transpose_8x8_32bit(v, v2);
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(tmp + n * 64 + 32), v2[n]);
-    }
-
-    // pack again with 128 to fully utilize vector length
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; n += 2) {
-        __m512i r0 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(tmp + n * 64));
-        __m512i r1 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(tmp + n * 64 + 64));
-        __m512i r1r0 = packNibbles(r0, r1);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)((char *)packed_B + n * 32), r1r0);
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void pack_qs<block_q8_0>(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q8_0 * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    __m256i v[8], v2[8];
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        v[n] = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(B[n * KB].qs));
-    }
-    transpose_8x8_32bit(v, v2);
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)((char *)packed_B + n * 64), v2[n]);
-    }
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        v[n] = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(B[(n + 8) * KB].qs));
-    }
-    transpose_8x8_32bit(v, v2);
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; ++n) {
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)((char *)packed_B + n * 64 + 32), v2[n]);
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void pack_qs<block_q4_K>(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q4_K * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    __m512i v[16];
-    // QK_K 256 with 8 groups, handle 2 groups at a time
-    char * pb = (char *)packed_B;
-    for (int k = 0; k < QK_K / 64; ++k) {
-        // pack 2 groups { n, g,  k} to {g, k/4, 4n}
-        //          e.g. {16, 2, 32} to {2,   8, 64}
-        for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-            v[n] = bytes_from_nibbles_64(B[n * KB].qs + k * 32);
-        }
-
-        transpose_16x16_32bit(v);
-
-        // pack again with 128 to fully utilize vector length
-        for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; n += 2) {
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)pb, packNibbles(v[n], v[n + 1]));
-            pb += 64;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void pack_qs<block_q5_K>(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q5_K * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    __m512i v[16];
-    const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    // QK_K 256 with 8 groups, handle 2 groups at a time
-    char * pb = (char *)packed_B;
-    char * ph = (char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N;
-    for (int k = 0; k < QK_K / 64; ++k) {
-        // pack 2 groups { n, g,  k} to {g, k/4, 4n}
-        //          e.g. {16, 2, 32} to {2,   8, 64}
-        for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-            v[n] = bytes_from_nibbles_64(B[n * KB].qs + k * 32, B[n * KB].qh, /* group */2 * k);
-        }
-
-        transpose_16x16_32bit(v);
-
-        // 1. pack lower 4bits with 2 groups
-        for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; n += 2) {
-            // get lower 4 bits
-            const __m512i r0 = _mm512_and_si512(v[n], lowMask);
-            const __m512i r1 = _mm512_and_si512(v[n + 1], lowMask);
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)pb, packNibbles(r0, r1)); pb += 64;
-        }
-
-        // 2. pack higher 1bit with 2 groups
-        const __m512i hmask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x10);
-        for (int g = 0; g < 2; ++g) {
-            __m512i hbits = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 0], hmask), 4));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 1], hmask), 3));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 2], hmask), 2));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 3], hmask), 1));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits,                   _mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 4], hmask)    );
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 5], hmask), 1));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 6], hmask), 2));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 8 + 7], hmask), 3));
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)ph, hbits); ph += 64;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void pack_qs<block_q6_K>(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q6_K * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    __m512i v[32];
-    const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    // QK_K 256 with 8 groups, handle 4 groups at a time
-    char * pb = (char *)packed_B;
-    char * ph = (char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N;
-    for (int k = 0; k < QK_K / 128; ++k) {
-        for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-            bytes_from_nibbles_128(v[n], v[n + 16], B[n * KB].ql + k * 64, B[n * KB].qh + k * 32);
-        }
-
-        // top half: group 0,1 or 4,5; bottom half: group 2,3 or 6,7
-        transpose_16x16_32bit(v);
-        transpose_16x16_32bit(v + 16);
-
-        // 1. pack lower 4bits with 4 groups
-        for (int n = 0; n < 32; n += 2) {
-            const __m512i r0 = _mm512_and_si512(v[n], lowMask);
-            const __m512i r1 = _mm512_and_si512(v[n + 1], lowMask);
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)pb, packNibbles(r0, r1)); pb += 64;
-        }
-
-        // 2. pack higher 2bit with 4 groups
-        const __m512i hmask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x30);
-        for (int g = 0; g < 8; ++g) {
-            __m512i hbits = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 4 + 0], hmask), 4));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 4 + 1], hmask), 2));
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits,                   _mm512_and_si512(v[g * 4 + 2], hmask)    );
-            hbits = _mm512_add_epi8(hbits, _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(v[g * 4 + 3], hmask), 2));
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)ph, hbits); ph += 64;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void pack_qs<block_iq4_xs>(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_iq4_xs * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    __m512i v[16];
-    char * pb = (char *)packed_B;
-    for (int k = 0; k < QK_K / 64; ++k) {
-        for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-            __m256i r0 = bytes_from_nibbles_32(B[n * KB].qs + k * 32 +  0);
-            __m256i r1 = bytes_from_nibbles_32(B[n * KB].qs + k * 32 + 16);
-            v[n] = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(r0), r1, 1);
-        }
-
-        transpose_16x16_32bit(v);
-
-        // pack again with 128 to fully utilize vector length
-        for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; n += 2) {
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)pb, packNibbles(v[n], v[n + 1]));
-            pb += 64;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// pack B to vnni formats in 4bits or 8 bits
-void pack_B(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q4_0 * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    pack_qs(packed_B, B, KB);
-    ggml_half * d0 = reinterpret_cast<ggml_half *>((char *)packed_B + TILE_N * TILE_K / 2);
-    for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-        d0[n] = B[n * KB].d;
-    }
-}
-
-void pack_B(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q4_1 * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    pack_qs(packed_B, B, KB);
-    ggml_half * d0 = reinterpret_cast<ggml_half *>((char *)packed_B + TILE_N * TILE_K / 2);
-    ggml_half * m0 = d0 + TILE_N;
-    for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-        d0[n] = B[n * KB].d;
-        m0[n] = B[n * KB].m;
-    }
-}
-
-inline void s8s8_compensation(void * RESTRICT packed_B) {
-    // packed_B layout:
-    //   quants {TILE_N, TILEK}  int8_t
-    //   d0     {TILE_N}      ggml_half
-    //   comp   {TILE_N}        int32_t
-    const int offset = TILE_N * TILE_K + TILE_N * sizeof(ggml_half);
-    __m512i vcomp = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-    const __m512i off = _mm512_set1_epi8(static_cast<char>(0x80));
-    for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-        __m512i vb = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)((const char *)packed_B + k * 64));
-        vcomp = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vcomp, off, vb);
-    }
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)((char *)(packed_B) + offset), vcomp);
-}
-
-void pack_B(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q8_0 * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    pack_qs(packed_B, B, KB);
-    ggml_half * d0 = reinterpret_cast<ggml_half *>((char *)packed_B + TILE_N * TILE_K);
-    for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-        d0[n] = B[n * KB].d;
-    }
-    s8s8_compensation(packed_B);
-}
-
-// convert 8 * {min, scale} from int6 to int8
-inline void unpack_mins_and_scales(const uint8_t * scales, uint32_t * utmp) {
-    const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
-    const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
-    const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
-
-    memcpy(utmp, scales, 12);
-    utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-    const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-    utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-    utmp[2] = uaux;
-    utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-}
-
-// packed_B layout:
-//   quants {8, TILE_N, 16}  uint8
-//   scales {8, TILE_N}      uint8
-//   mins   {8, TILE_N}      uint8
-//   d      {TILE_N}     ggml_half
-//   dmin   {TILE_N}     ggml_half
-void pack_B(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q4_K * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    pack_qs(packed_B, B, KB);
-
-    uint8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>((char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N);
-    uint8_t * mins = scales + 8 * TILE_N;
-    ggml_half * d = reinterpret_cast<ggml_half *>(mins + 8 * TILE_N);
-    ggml_half * dmin = d + TILE_N;
-
-    union {
-        uint32_t u32[4];
-        uint8_t  u8[16];
-    } s;
-
-    for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-        unpack_mins_and_scales(B[n * KB].scales, s.u32);
-        for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-            scales[k * TILE_N + n] = s.u8[k];
-            mins[(k >> 1) * TILE_N * 2 + n * 2 + (k & 0x1)] = s.u8[k + 8];
-        }
-        d[n] = B[n * KB].d;
-        dmin[n] = B[n * KB].dmin;
-    }
-}
-
-// packed_B layout:
-//   quants {8, TILE_N, 16}  uint8
-//   qh     {8, TILE_N,  4}  uint8
-//   scales {8, TILE_N}      uint8
-//   mins   {8, TILE_N}      uint8
-//   d      {TILE_N}     ggml_half
-//   dmin   {TILE_N}     ggml_half
-void pack_B(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q5_K * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    pack_qs(packed_B, B, KB);
-
-    uint8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>((char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 8) * TILE_N);
-    uint8_t * mins = scales + 8 * TILE_N;
-    ggml_half * d = reinterpret_cast<ggml_half *>(mins + 8 * TILE_N);
-    ggml_half * dmin = d + TILE_N;
-
-    union {
-        uint32_t u32[4];
-        uint8_t  u8[16];
-    } s;
-
-    for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-        unpack_mins_and_scales(B[n * KB].scales, s.u32);
-        for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-            scales[k * TILE_N + n] = s.u8[k];
-            mins[(k >> 1) * TILE_N * 2 + n * 2 + (k & 0x1)] = s.u8[k + 8];
-        }
-        d[n] = B[n * KB].d;
-        dmin[n] = B[n * KB].dmin;
-    }
-}
-
-// packed_B layout:
-//   quants {16, TILE_N, 8}  uint8
-//   qh     {16, TILE_N, 4}  uint8
-//   scales {16, TILE_N}      uint8
-//   d      {TILE_N}     ggml_half
-void pack_B(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_q6_K * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    pack_qs(packed_B, B, KB);
-
-    uint8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>((char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 4) * TILE_N);
-    ggml_half * d = reinterpret_cast<ggml_half *>(scales + 16 * TILE_N);
-    for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-        const int8_t * ps = B[n * KB].scales;
-        for (int k = 0; k < 16; ++k) {
-            scales[k * TILE_N + n] = ps[k];
-        }
-        d[n] = B[n * KB].d;
-    }
-}
-
-// packed_B layout:
-//   quants {8, TILE_N, 16}  uint8
-//   scales {8, TILE_N}       int8
-//   d      {TILE_N}     ggml_half
-void pack_B(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const block_iq4_xs * RESTRICT B, int KB) {
-    pack_qs(packed_B, B, KB);
-
-    int8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>((char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N);
-    ggml_half * d = reinterpret_cast<ggml_half *>(scales + 8 * TILE_N);
-
-    // pack the scales
-    for (int n = 0; n < TILE_N; ++n) {
-        uint16_t sh = B[n * KB].scales_h;
-        for (int k = 0; k < 8; k += 2) {
-            const int16_t ls1 = ((B[n * KB].scales_l[k / 2] & 0xf) | ((sh << 4) & 0x30)) - 32;
-            const int16_t ls2 = ((B[n * KB].scales_l[k / 2] >>  4) | ((sh << 2) & 0x30)) - 32;
-            scales[(k + 0) * TILE_N + n] = ls1;
-            scales[(k + 1) * TILE_N + n] = ls2;
-            sh >>= 4;
-        }
-        d[n] = B[n * KB].d;
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename TB, typename packed_B_t = packed_B_type<TB>>
-void unpack_B(packed_B_t * RESTRICT tile, const void * RESTRICT packed_B) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(tile);
-    GGML_UNUSED(packed_B);
-};
-
-template <>
-void unpack_B<block_q4_0>(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const void * RESTRICT packed_B) {
-  const __m512i off = _mm512_set1_epi8(8);
-  const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-  for (int n = 0; n < 8; n += 2) {
-    __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)((const char *)packed_B + n * 32));
-    const __m512i r0 = _mm512_sub_epi8(_mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask), off);
-    const __m512i r1 = _mm512_sub_epi8(_mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask), off);
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 +  0), r0);
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 + 64), r1);
-  }
-}
-
-template <>
-void unpack_B<block_q4_1>(uint8_t * RESTRICT tile, const void * RESTRICT packed_B) {
-    const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; n += 2) {
-        __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)((const char *)packed_B + n * 32));
-        const __m512i r0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-        const __m512i r1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 +  0), r0);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 + 64), r1);
-    }
-}
-
-// packed_B_t for QKK is int8_t
-template <typename TB>
-void unpack_B(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const void * RESTRICT packed_B, int k) {
-    const int packed_B_group_size = QK_K / 2 * TILE_N / 8;
-    const char * packed_B_group = (const char *)packed_B + k * packed_B_group_size;
-    const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; n += 2) {
-        __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(packed_B_group + n * 32);
-        const __m512i r0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-        const __m512i r1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 +  0), r0);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 + 64), r1);
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void unpack_B<block_q5_K>(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const void * RESTRICT packed_B, int k) {
-    // lower 4bits, stride 256 bytes
-    const int packed_l4_group_size = QK_K / 2 * TILE_N / 8;
-    const char * pb = (const char *)packed_B + k * packed_l4_group_size;
-
-    // higher 1bit, stride 64 bytes
-    const int packed_h1_group_size = QK_K / 8 * TILE_N / 8;
-    const char * ph = (const char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + k * packed_h1_group_size;
-    const __m512i hbits = _mm512_loadu_si512(ph);
-
-    const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    __m512i hmask0 = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x1);
-    __m512i hmask1 = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x2);
-
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; n += 2) {
-        __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(pb + n * 32);
-        __m512i r0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-        __m512i r1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-        __m512i h0 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask0), n), 4);
-        __m512i h1 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask1), n + 1), 4);
-
-        hmask0 = _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask0, 2);
-        hmask1 = _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask1, 2);
-        r0 = _mm512_add_epi8(r0, h0);
-        r1 = _mm512_add_epi8(r1, h1);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 +  0), r0);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 + 64), r1);
-    }
-}
-
-template <>
-void unpack_B<block_q6_K>(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const void * RESTRICT packed_B, int k) {
-    // lower 4bits, stride 128 bytes
-    const int packed_l4_group_size = QK_K / 2 * TILE_N / 16;
-    const char * pb = (const char *)packed_B + k * packed_l4_group_size;
-
-    // higher 2bits, stride 64 bytes
-    const int packed_h2_group_size = QK_K / 4 * TILE_N / 16;
-    const char * ph = (const char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + k * packed_h2_group_size;
-    const __m512i hbits = _mm512_loadu_si512(ph);
-
-    const __m512i off = _mm512_set1_epi8(32);
-    const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-    __m512i hmask0 = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x3); // 0011
-    __m512i hmask1 = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xC); // 1100
-
-    // notes: skip zero padding from row4 to row7 as we have done so in `unpack_A`
-    __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(pb);
-    __m512i r0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-    __m512i r1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-    __m512i h0 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask0), 4);
-    __m512i h1 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask1), 2);
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile +  0), _mm512_sub_epi8(_mm512_add_epi8(r0, h0), off));
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + 64), _mm512_sub_epi8(_mm512_add_epi8(r1, h1), off));
-
-    hmask0 = _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask0, 4);
-    hmask1 = _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask1, 4);
-
-    bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(pb + 64);
-    r0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-    r1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-    h0 =                   _mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask0);
-    h1 = _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask1), 2);
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + 128), _mm512_sub_epi8(_mm512_add_epi8(r0, h0), off));
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + 192), _mm512_sub_epi8(_mm512_add_epi8(r1, h1), off));
-}
-
-template <>
-void unpack_B<block_iq4_xs>(int8_t * RESTRICT tile, const void * RESTRICT packed_B, int k) {
-    static const __m512i values128 = _mm512_set_epi8(
-        113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127,
-        113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127,
-        113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127,
-        113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127
-    );
-
-    const int packed_B_group_size = QK_K / 2 * TILE_N / 8;
-    const char * pb = (const char *)packed_B + k * packed_B_group_size;
-    const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-
-    for (int n = 0; n < 8; n += 2) {
-        __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(pb + n * 32);
-        const __m512i r0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask));
-        const __m512i r1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask));
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 +  0), r0);
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(tile + n * 64 + 64), r1);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename TA, typename TB, bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C {};
-
-template <bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C<block_q8_0, block_q4_0, is_acc> {
-    static void apply(float * RESTRICT C, int ldc, const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_0 * A, int lda, const void * packed_B, int nr) {
-        const int offset = TILE_N * TILE_K / 2;
-        const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((const char *)packed_B + offset)));
-
-        for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
-            const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
-
-            __m512 vsum;
-            if (is_acc) {
-                vsum = _mm512_loadu_ps(C + m * ldc);
-            } else {
-                vsum = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-            }
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vtile, _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vsum);
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(C + m * ldc, vsum);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template <bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C<block_q8_1, block_q4_1, is_acc> {
-    static void apply(float * RESTRICT C, int ldc, const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_1 * A, int lda, const void * packed_B, int nr) {
-        const int offset = TILE_N * TILE_K / 2;
-        const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((const char *)packed_B + offset)));
-        const __m512 vm0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((const char *)packed_B + offset + TILE_N * sizeof(ggml_half))));
-
-        for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
-            const __m512 vs1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].s));
-            const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
-
-            __m512 vsum;
-            if (is_acc) {
-                vsum = _mm512_loadu_ps(C + m * ldc);
-            } else {
-                vsum = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-            }
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vtile, _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vsum);
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vm0, vs1, vsum);
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(C + m * ldc, vsum);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template <bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C<block_q8_0, block_q8_0, is_acc> {
-    static void apply(float * RESTRICT C, int ldc, const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_0 * A, int lda, const void * packed_B, int nr) {
-        const int offset = TILE_N * TILE_K;
-        const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((const char *)packed_B + offset)));
-
-        for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
-            const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
-
-            __m512 vsum;
-            if (is_acc) {
-                vsum = _mm512_loadu_ps(C + m * ldc);
-            } else {
-                vsum = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-            }
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vtile, _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vsum);
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(C + m * ldc, vsum);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template <bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C<block_q8_K, block_q4_K, is_acc> {
-    static void apply(float * RESTRICT C, int ldc, const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_K * A, int lda, const void * packed_B, int nr) {
-        const uint8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>((const char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N);
-        const uint8_t * mins = scales + 8 * TILE_N;
-        const ggml_half * d0 = reinterpret_cast<const ggml_half *>(mins + 8 * TILE_N);
-        const ggml_half * dmin = d0 + TILE_N;
-
-        const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)d0));
-        const __m512 vdmin = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)dmin));
-
-        for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const float d1 = A[m * lda].d;
-            const __m512 vd = _mm512_mul_ps(_mm512_set1_ps(d1), vd0);
-            const __m512 vdm = _mm512_mul_ps(_mm512_set1_ps(-d1), vdmin);
-            const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
-
-            __m512 vsum;
-            if (is_acc) {
-                vsum = _mm512_loadu_ps(C + m * ldc);
-            } else {
-                vsum = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-            }
-
-            const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)A[m * lda].bsums);
-            const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1));
-
-            __m512i acc_m = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                __m512i vmask = _mm512_set1_epi32(k);
-                __m512i va = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(vmask, _mm512_castsi128_si512(q8s));
-                __m512i vb = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(mins + k * 32)));
-                acc_m = _mm512_dpwssds_epi32(acc_m, va, vb);
-            }
-
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vtile, vd, vsum);
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc_m), vdm, vsum);
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(C + m * ldc, vsum);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template <bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C<block_q8_K, block_q5_K, is_acc> {
-    static void apply(float * RESTRICT C, int ldc, const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_K * A, int lda, const void * packed_B, int nr) {
-        const uint8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>((const char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 8) * TILE_N);
-        const uint8_t * mins = scales + 8 * TILE_N;
-        const ggml_half * d0 = reinterpret_cast<const ggml_half *>(mins + 8 * TILE_N);
-        const ggml_half * dmin = d0 + TILE_N;
-
-        const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)d0));
-        const __m512 vdmin = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)dmin));
-
-        for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const float d1 = A[m * lda].d;
-            const __m512 vd = _mm512_mul_ps(_mm512_set1_ps(d1), vd0);
-            const __m512 vdm = _mm512_mul_ps(_mm512_set1_ps(-d1), vdmin);
-            const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
-
-            __m512 vsum;
-            if (is_acc) {
-                vsum = _mm512_loadu_ps(C + m * ldc);
-            } else {
-                vsum = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-            }
-
-            const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)A[m * lda].bsums);
-            const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1));
-
-            __m512i acc_m = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                __m512i vmask = _mm512_set1_epi32(k);
-                __m512i va = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(vmask, _mm512_castsi128_si512(q8s));
-                __m512i vb = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(mins + k * 32)));
-                acc_m = _mm512_dpwssds_epi32(acc_m, va, vb);
-            }
-
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vtile, vd, vsum);
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc_m), vdm, vsum);
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(C + m * ldc, vsum);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template <bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C<block_q8_K, block_q6_K, is_acc> {
-    static void apply(float * RESTRICT C, int ldc, const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_K * A, int lda, const void * packed_B, int nr) {
-        const uint8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>((const char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 4) * TILE_N);
-        const ggml_half * d0 = reinterpret_cast<const ggml_half *>(scales + 16 * TILE_N);
-
-        const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)d0));
-
-        for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const float d1 = A[m * lda].d;
-            const __m512 vd = _mm512_mul_ps(_mm512_set1_ps(d1), vd0);
-            const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
-
-            __m512 vsum;
-            if (is_acc) {
-                vsum = _mm512_loadu_ps(C + m * ldc);
-            } else {
-                vsum = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-            }
-
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vtile, vd, vsum);
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(C + m * ldc, vsum);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template <bool is_acc>
-struct acc_C<block_q8_K, block_iq4_xs, is_acc> {
-    static void apply(float * RESTRICT C, int ldc, const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, const block_q8_K * A, int lda, const void * packed_B, int nr) {
-        const int8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>((const char *)packed_B + (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N);
-        const ggml_half * d0 = reinterpret_cast<const ggml_half *>(scales + 8 * TILE_N);
-
-        const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)d0));
-
-        for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const float d1 = A[m * lda].d;
-            const __m512 vd = _mm512_mul_ps(_mm512_set1_ps(d1), vd0);
-            const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
-
-            __m512 vsum;
-            if (is_acc) {
-                vsum = _mm512_loadu_ps(C + m * ldc);
-            } else {
-                vsum = _mm512_set1_ps(0.f);
-            }
-
-            vsum = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vtile, vd, vsum);
-            _mm512_storeu_ps(C + m * ldc, vsum);
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template <typename TB> constexpr int get_quants_size();
-template <> constexpr int get_quants_size<block_q4_K>() { return (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N; }
-template <> constexpr int get_quants_size<block_q5_K>() { return (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 8) * TILE_N; }
-template <> constexpr int get_quants_size<block_q6_K>() { return (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 4) * TILE_N; }
-template <> constexpr int get_quants_size<block_iq4_xs>() { return (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N; }
-
-// used for QKK format
-template <typename TB, bool is_acc,
-          typename std::enable_if<is_type_qkk<TB>::value, int>::type = 0>
-inline void scale_C(const int32_t * RESTRICT tile, int32_t * RESTRICT sumi, const void * packed_B, int k, int nr) {
-    const uint8_t * scales = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>((const char *)packed_B + get_quants_size<TB>());
-    const __m512i vscale = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(scales + k * TILE_N)));
-
-    for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-        __m512i vsumi;
-        if (is_acc) {
-            vsumi = _mm512_loadu_si512(sumi + m * TILE_N);
-        } else {
-            vsumi = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-        }
-        __m512i vtile = _mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N);
-        vsumi = _mm512_add_epi32(vsumi, _mm512_mullo_epi32(vtile, vscale));
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(sumi + m * TILE_N), vsumi);
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC, int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_avx {
-    static void apply(int K, const TA * RESTRICT A, const TB * RESTRICT B, TC * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-        GGML_UNUSED(K);
-        GGML_UNUSED(A);
-        GGML_UNUSED(B);
-        GGML_UNUSED(C);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ldc);
-    }
-};
-
-template <int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_avx<float, ggml_fp16_t, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int K, const float * RESTRICT A, const ggml_fp16_t * RESTRICT B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-        constexpr int ROWS = BLOCK_M;
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N;
-        assert(BLOCK_K == 16);
-
-        __m512 va;
-        __m512 vb[COLS];
-        __m512 vc[ROWS * COLS];
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int idx) {
-            vc[idx] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<ROWS * COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        auto compute = [&](int idx, int k) {
-            // TODO: use `constexpr` here to get rid of interger div
-            // when upgraded to C++17
-            const int row = idx / COLS;
-            const int col = idx % COLS;
-
-            if (col == 0) {
-                va = _mm512_loadu_ps(A + row * K + k);
-            }
-            if (row == 0) {
-                vb[col] =  _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(B + col * K + k)));
-            }
-            vc[idx] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(va, vb[col], vc[idx]);
-        };
-
-        for (int k = 0; k < K; k += 16) {
-            Unroll<ROWS * COLS>{}(compute, k);
-        }
-
-        auto storec = [&](int idx) {
-            const int row = idx / COLS;
-            const int col = idx % COLS;
-            C[row * ldc + col] = _mm512_reduce_add_ps(vc[idx]);
-        };
-        Unroll<ROWS * COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-#define LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(MB_SIZE, NB_SIZE)                                \
-    tinygemm_kernel_avx<float, type, float, MB_SIZE, NB_SIZE, blck_size>::apply(    \
-        K, (const float *)src1->data + mb_start * K,                                \
-        (const type *)src0->data + nb_start * K,                                    \
-        (float *)dst->data + mb_start * ldc + nb_start, ldc);
-
-
-// re-organize in the format {NB, KB, TILE_SIZE}:
-#define PACKED_INDEX(n, k, KB, tile_size) (n * KB + k) * tile_size
-
-template<typename TB, int BLOCK_K>
-void convert_B_packed_format(void * RESTRICT packed_B, const TB * RESTRICT B, int N, int K, int n_threads) {
-    const int NB = N / TILE_N;
-    const int KB = K / BLOCK_K;
-    const int TILE_SIZE = get_tile_size<TB>();
-
-    // parallel on NB should be enough
-    parallel_for(n_threads, NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
-        for (int n = begin; n < end; ++n) {
-            for (int k = 0; k < KB; ++k) {
-                int n0 = n * TILE_N;
-                pack_B((char *)packed_B + PACKED_INDEX(n, k, KB, TILE_SIZE), &B[n0 * KB + k], KB);
-            }
-        }
-    });
-}
-
-template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC, int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni {};
-
-template <int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_0, block_q4_0, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N / 16;
-        const int TILE_SIZE = TILE_N * sizeof(block_q4_0);
-
-        const block_q8_0 * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const block_q8_0 *>(_A);
-        const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-        __m512i va[8];
-        __m512 vc[COLS];
-        __m512 vd1;
-
-        // sum of offsets, shared across COLS
-        //
-        // avx512-vnni does not have `_mm512_dpbssd_epi32`,
-        // need to transfrom ss to us:
-        //   a * (b - 8) is equavilent to b * a - 8 * a
-        //   s    u   u                   u   s   u   s
-        //
-        __m512i vcomp;
-
-        const __m512i off = _mm512_set1_epi8(8);
-        const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int col) {
-            vc[col] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        auto compute = [&](int col, int i) {
-            // load a and compute compensation
-            if (col == 0) {
-                const int32_t * a_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(A[0 * KB + i].qs);
-                vcomp = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-                for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-                    va[k] = _mm512_set1_epi32(a_ptr[k]);
-                    vcomp = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vcomp, off, va[k]);
-                }
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
-            }
-
-            // load b
-            __m512i vsum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            const char * b_ptr = B + PACKED_INDEX(col, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            for (int k = 0; k < 8; k += 2) {
-                __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(b_ptr + k * 32));
-                __m512i vb0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb0, va[k + 0]);
-                __m512i vb1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb1, va[k + 1]);
-            }
-            const int offset = TILE_N * TILE_K / 2;
-            const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset)));
-            vsum = _mm512_sub_epi32(vsum, vcomp);
-
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(vsum), _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vc[col]);
-        };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            Unroll<COLS>{}(compute, i);
-        }
-
-        //store to C
-        auto storec = [&](int col) {
-            _mm512_storeu_ps((__m512i*)(C + 0 * ldc + col * 16), vc[col]);
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-template <int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_1, block_q4_1, float, 1, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N / 16;
-        const int TILE_SIZE = TILE_N * sizeof(block_q4_1);
-
-        const block_q8_1 * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const block_q8_1 *>(_A);
-        const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-        __m512i va[8];
-        __m512i vb[8];
-        __m512 vc[COLS];
-        __m512 vd1, vs1;
-
-        const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int col) {
-            vc[col] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        auto compute = [&](int col, int i) {
-            // load a
-            if (col == 0) {
-                const int32_t * a_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(A[0 * KB + i].qs);
-                for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-                    va[k] = _mm512_set1_epi32(a_ptr[k]);
-                }
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
-                vs1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].s));
-            }
-
-            // load b
-            const char * b_ptr = B + PACKED_INDEX(col, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            for (int k = 0; k < 8; k += 2) {
-                __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(b_ptr + k * 32));
-                vb[k + 0] = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-                vb[k + 1] = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-            }
-            const int offset = TILE_N * TILE_K / 2;
-            const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset)));
-            const __m512 vm0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset + TILE_N * sizeof(ggml_half))));
-
-            __m512i vsum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb[k], va[k]);
-            }
-
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(vsum), _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vc[col]);
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(vm0, vs1, vc[col]);
-        };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            Unroll<COLS>{}(compute, i);
-        }
-
-        //store to C
-        auto storec = [&](int col) {
-            _mm512_storeu_ps((__m512i*)(C + 0 * ldc + col * 16), vc[col]);
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-template <int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_0, block_q8_0, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N / 16;
-        const int TILE_SIZE = TILE_N * sizeof(block_q8_0) + TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t);
-
-        const block_q8_0 * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const block_q8_0 *>(_A);
-        const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-        __m512i va[8];
-        __m512i vb[8];
-        __m512 vc[COLS];
-        __m512 vd1;
-
-        // Notes: s8s8 igemm compensation in avx512-vnni
-        // change s8s8 to u8s8 with compensate
-        //   a * b = (a + 128) * b - 128 * b
-        //   s   s       u       s    u    s
-        //
-        // (128 * b is pre-computed when packing B to vnni formats)
-        //
-        const __m512i off = _mm512_set1_epi8(static_cast<char>(0x80));
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int col) {
-            vc[col] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        auto compute = [&](int col, int i) {
-            // load a and add offset 128
-            if (col == 0) {
-                const int32_t * a_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(A[0 * KB + i].qs);
-                for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-                    va[k] = _mm512_set1_epi32(a_ptr[k]);
-                    va[k] = _mm512_add_epi8(va[k], off);
-                }
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
-            }
-
-            // load b
-            const char * b_ptr = B + PACKED_INDEX(col, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-                vb[k] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(b_ptr + k * 64));
-            }
-            const int offset = TILE_N * TILE_K;
-            const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset)));
-            const int offset2 = TILE_N * TILE_K + TILE_N * sizeof(ggml_half);
-            const __m512i vcomp = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(b_ptr + offset2));
-
-            __m512i vsum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, va[k], vb[k]);
-            }
-            vsum = _mm512_sub_epi32(vsum, vcomp);
-
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(vsum), _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vc[col]);
-        };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            Unroll<COLS>{}(compute, i);
-        }
-
-        //store to C
-        auto storec = [&](int col) {
-            _mm512_storeu_ps((__m512i*)(C + 0 * ldc + col * 16), vc[col]);
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-template <int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_K, block_q4_K, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N / 16;
-        const int TILE_SIZE = TILE_N * sizeof(block_q4_K) + TILE_N * 4;
-
-        const block_q8_K * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const block_q8_K *>(_A);
-        const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-        // a.qs:   8 groups, 32 bytes each group (m256i)
-        __m512i va[8];
-        // a.bsum: 8 groups,  2 bytes each group (m128i)
-        __m512i va_bsum;
-        __m512 vc[COLS];
-        __m512 vd1;
-
-        // packed_B:
-        const int offset_scales = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_mins   = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N +  8 * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_d0     = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + 16 * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_dmin   = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + 16 * TILE_N + TILE_N * sizeof(ggml_half);
-
-        const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int col) {
-            vc[col] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        // Notes: vnni formats in QK_K
-        //   a) quants vnni format
-        //     int8  {k/4, n, 4}, viewed as 2d {k/4, 4n}, k = 32
-        //     from {16, 32} to {8, 64}
-        //
-        //   b) min vnni format
-        //     int16 {k/2, n, 2}, viewed as 2d {k/2, 2n}, k = 8
-        //     from {16,  8} to {4, 32}
-        //
-        auto compute = [&](int col, int i) {
-            // load a
-            if (col == 0) {
-                for (int k_group = 0; k_group < QK_K / 32; ++k_group) {
-                    va[k_group] = _mm512_castsi256_si512(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs + k_group * 32)));
-                }
-                const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)A[0 * KB + i].bsums);
-                const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1));
-                va_bsum = _mm512_castsi128_si512(q8s);
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(A[0 * KB + i].d);
-            }
-
-            // step 1: accumultate the quants
-            __m512i acc = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            const char * b_ptr = B + PACKED_INDEX(col, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            const char * b_qs  = b_ptr;
-            for (int k_group = 0; k_group < QK_K / 32; ++k_group) {
-                __m512i vsum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-                for (int k = 0; k < 8; k += 2) {
-                    __m512i va0 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(k + 0), va[k_group]);
-                    __m512i va1 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(k + 1), va[k_group]);
-
-                    __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)b_qs);
-                    __m512i vb0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-                    vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb0, va0);
-                    __m512i vb1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-                    vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb1, va1);
-
-                    b_qs += 64;
-                }
-                // vacc += scale * (q8 @ q4)
-                const __m512i vscale = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr + offset_scales + k_group * TILE_N)));
-                acc = _mm512_add_epi32(acc, _mm512_mullo_epi32(vsum, vscale));
-            }
-            const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_d0)));
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc), _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vc[col]);
-
-            // step 2: accumulate the mins
-            __m512i acc_m = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                __m512i vmask = _mm512_set1_epi32(k);
-                __m512i va = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(vmask, va_bsum);
-                __m512i vb = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_mins + k * 32)));
-                acc_m = _mm512_dpwssds_epi32(acc_m, va, vb);
-            }
-            const __m512 vdmin = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_dmin)));
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fnmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc_m), _mm512_mul_ps(vdmin, vd1), vc[col]);
-        };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            Unroll<COLS>{}(compute, i);
-        }
-
-        //store to C
-        auto storec = [&](int col) {
-            _mm512_storeu_ps((__m512i*)(C + 0 * ldc + col * 16), vc[col]);
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-template <int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_K, block_q5_K, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N / 16;
-        const int TILE_SIZE = TILE_N * sizeof(block_q5_K) + TILE_N * 4;
-
-        const block_q8_K * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const block_q8_K *>(_A);
-        const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-        // a.qs:   8 groups, 32 bytes each group (m256i)
-        __m512i va[8];
-        // a.bsum: 8 groups,  2 bytes each group (m128i)
-        __m512i va_bsum;
-        __m512 vc[COLS];
-        __m512 vd1;
-
-        // packed_B:
-        const int offset_qh     = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_scales = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 8) * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_mins   = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 8) * TILE_N +  8 * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_d0     = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 8) * TILE_N + 16 * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_dmin   = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 8) * TILE_N + 16 * TILE_N + TILE_N * sizeof(ggml_half);
-
-        const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int col) {
-            vc[col] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        // Q5_K and Q4_K shares the same vnni formats, refer to notes above.
-        auto compute = [&](int col, int i) {
-            // load a
-            if (col == 0) {
-                for (int k_group = 0; k_group < QK_K / 32; ++k_group) {
-                    va[k_group] = _mm512_castsi256_si512(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs + k_group * 32)));
-                }
-                const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)A[0 * KB + i].bsums);
-                const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1));
-                va_bsum = _mm512_castsi128_si512(q8s);
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(A[0 * KB + i].d);
-            }
-
-            // step 1: accumultate the quants
-            __m512i acc = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            const char * b_ptr = B + PACKED_INDEX(col, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            const char * b_qs  = b_ptr;
-            const char * b_qh  = b_ptr + offset_qh;
-            for (int k_group = 0; k_group < QK_K / 32; ++k_group) {
-                __m512i vsum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-                __m512i hmask0 = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x1);
-                __m512i hmask1 = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x2);
-                __m512i hbits = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(b_qh + k_group * 64));
-                for (int k = 0; k < 8; k += 2) {
-                    __m512i va0 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(k + 0), va[k_group]);
-                    __m512i va1 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(k + 1), va[k_group]);
-
-                    __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)b_qs);
-                    __m512i vb0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-                    __m512i vb1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-
-                    __m512i vh0 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask0), k), 4);
-                    __m512i vh1 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask1), k + 1), 4);
-
-                    hmask0 = _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask0, 2);
-                    hmask1 = _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask1, 2);
-                    vb0 = _mm512_add_epi8(vb0, vh0);
-                    vb1 = _mm512_add_epi8(vb1, vh1);
-
-                    vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb0, va0);
-                    vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb1, va1);
-
-                    b_qs += 64;
-                }
-                // vacc += scale * (q8 @ q5)
-                const __m512i vscale = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr + offset_scales + k_group * TILE_N)));
-                acc = _mm512_add_epi32(acc, _mm512_mullo_epi32(vsum, vscale));
-            }
-            const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_d0)));
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc), _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vc[col]);
-
-            // step 2: accumulate the mins
-            __m512i acc_m = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                __m512i vmask = _mm512_set1_epi32(k);
-                __m512i va = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(vmask, va_bsum);
-                __m512i vb = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_mins + k * 32)));
-                acc_m = _mm512_dpwssds_epi32(acc_m, va, vb);
-            }
-            const __m512 vdmin = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_dmin)));
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fnmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc_m), _mm512_mul_ps(vdmin, vd1), vc[col]);
-        };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            Unroll<COLS>{}(compute, i);
-        }
-
-        //store to C
-        auto storec = [&](int col) {
-            _mm512_storeu_ps((__m512i*)(C + 0 * ldc + col * 16), vc[col]);
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-template <int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_K, block_q6_K, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N / 16;
-        const int TILE_SIZE = TILE_N * sizeof(block_q6_K);
-
-        const block_q8_K * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const block_q8_K *>(_A);
-        const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-        // load the 256 bytes from A to 4 avx512 vectors
-        __m512i va[4];
-        __m512 vc[COLS];
-        __m512 vd1;
-
-        // packed_B:
-        const int offset_qh     = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_scales = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 4) * TILE_N;
-        const int offset_d0     = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + (QK_K / 4) * TILE_N + 16 * TILE_N;
-
-        // compensation
-        __m512i vcomp;
-
-        const __m512i m32s = _mm512_set1_epi32(32);
-        const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int col) {
-            vc[col] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        auto compute = [&](int col, int i) {
-            if (col == 0) {
-                // load a
-                va[0] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs +   0));
-                va[1] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs +  64));
-                va[2] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs + 128));
-                va[3] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs + 192));
-
-                const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)A[0 * KB + i].bsums);
-                vcomp = _mm512_mullo_epi32(_mm512_cvtepi16_epi32(q8sums), m32s);
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(A[0 * KB + i].d);
-            }
-
-            // accmulate the quants
-            __m512i acc = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            const char * b_ptr = B + PACKED_INDEX(col, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            const char * b_qs = b_ptr;
-            const char * b_qh = b_ptr + offset_qh;
-            int mask = 0;
-            for (int k_group = 0; k_group < QK_K / 16; ++k_group) {
-                int r = k_group >> 2;
-                __m512i va0 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(mask++), va[r]);
-                __m512i va1 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(mask++), va[r]);
-
-                __m512i vsum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-                __m512i hmask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x3);
-
-                __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(b_qs);
-                __m512i hbits = _mm512_loadu_si512(b_qh);
-                __m512i vb0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-                __m512i vb1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-                __m512i vh0 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, hmask), 4);
-                __m512i vh1 = _mm512_slli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask, 2)), 2);
-
-                vb0 = _mm512_add_epi8(vb0, vh0);
-                vb1 = _mm512_add_epi8(vb1, vh1);
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb0, va0);
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb1, va1);
-                b_qs += 64;
-
-                va0 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(mask++), va[r]);
-                va1 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(mask++), va[r]);
-
-                bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(b_qs);
-                vb0 = _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask);
-                vb1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask);
-                vh0 =                   _mm512_and_si512(hbits, _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask, 4));
-                vh1 = _mm512_srli_epi16(_mm512_and_si512(hbits, _mm512_slli_epi16(hmask, 6)), 2);
-                vb0 = _mm512_add_epi8(vb0, vh0);
-                vb1 = _mm512_add_epi8(vb1, vh1);
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb0, va0);
-                vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb1, va1);
-                b_qs += 64;
-                b_qh += 64;
-
-                // B * A - 32 * A
-                __m512i vmask = _mm512_set1_epi32(k_group);
-                vsum = _mm512_sub_epi32(vsum, _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(vmask, vcomp));
-
-                // vacc += scale * (q8 @ q6)
-                const __m512i vscale = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr + offset_scales + k_group * TILE_N)));
-                acc = _mm512_add_epi32(acc, _mm512_mullo_epi32(vsum, vscale));
-            }
-            const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_d0)));
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc), _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vc[col]);
-        };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            Unroll<COLS>{}(compute, i);
-        }
-
-        //store to C
-        auto storec = [&](int col) {
-            _mm512_storeu_ps((__m512i*)(C + 0 * ldc + col * 16), vc[col]);
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-template <int BLOCK_M, int BLOCK_N, int BLOCK_K>
-struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_K, block_iq4_xs, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K> {
-    static void apply(int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-
-        constexpr int COLS = BLOCK_N / 16;
-        const int TILE_SIZE = TILE_N * sizeof(block_iq4_xs) + TILE_N * 2;
-
-        const block_q8_K * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const block_q8_K *>(_A);
-        const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-        // load the 256 bytes from A to 4 avx512 vectors
-        __m512i va[4];
-        __m512 vc[COLS];
-        __m512 vd1;
-
-        // packed_B:
-        const int offset_scales = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N ;
-        const int offset_d0     = (QK_K / 2) * TILE_N + 8 * TILE_N;
-
-        // compensation
-        __m512i vcomp;
-
-        const __m256i m128s = _mm256_set1_epi16(128);
-        const __m512i lowMask = _mm512_set1_epi8(0xF);
-
-        const __m512i values128 = _mm512_set_epi8(
-            113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127,
-            113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127,
-            113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127,
-            113, 89, 69, 53, 38, 25, 13, 1, -10, -22, -35, -49, -65, -83, -104, -127
-        );
-        const __m512i off = _mm512_set1_epi8(static_cast<char>(0x80));
-        const __m512i values256 = _mm512_add_epi8(values128, off);
-
-        auto loadc = [&](int col) {
-            vc[col] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(loadc);
-
-        auto compute = [&](int col, int i) {
-            if (col == 0) {
-                // load a
-                va[0] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs +   0));
-                va[1] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs +  64));
-                va[2] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs + 128));
-                va[3] = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(A[0 * KB + i].qs + 192));
-
-                // compensation: 128 * A
-                const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)A[0 * KB + i].bsums);
-                vcomp = _mm512_castsi256_si512(_mm256_madd_epi16(q8sums, m128s));
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(A[0 * KB + i].d);
-            }
-
-            // accmulate the quants
-            __m512i acc = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-            const char * b_ptr = B + PACKED_INDEX(col, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            const char * b_qs = b_ptr;
-            int mask = 0;
-            for (int k_group = 0; k_group < QK_K / 32; ++k_group) {
-                int r = k_group >> 1;
-                __m512i vmask = _mm512_set1_epi32(k_group);
-                __m512i vsum = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-                for (int k = 0; k < 8; k += 2) {
-                    __m512i va0 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(mask++), va[r]);
-                    __m512i va1 = _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(_mm512_set1_epi32(mask++), va[r]);
-
-                    __m512i bytes = _mm512_loadu_si512(b_qs);
-                    __m512i vb0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(values256, _mm512_and_si512(bytes, lowMask));
-                    __m512i vb1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(values256, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(bytes, 4), lowMask));
-
-                    vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb0, va0);
-                    vsum = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vsum, vb1, va1);
-                    b_qs += 64;
-                }
-                // (B + 128) * A - 128 * A
-                vsum = _mm512_sub_epi32(vsum, _mm512_permutexvar_epi32(vmask, vcomp));
-
-                // vacc += scale * (q8 @ q4)
-                const __m512i vscale = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr + offset_scales + k_group * TILE_N)));
-                acc = _mm512_add_epi32(acc, _mm512_mullo_epi32(vsum, vscale));
-            }
-            const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr + offset_d0)));
-            vc[col] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(acc), _mm512_mul_ps(vd0, vd1), vc[col]);
-        };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            Unroll<COLS>{}(compute, i);
-        }
-
-        //store to C
-        auto storec = [&](int col) {
-            _mm512_storeu_ps((__m512i*)(C + 0 * ldc + col * 16), vc[col]);
-        };
-        Unroll<COLS>{}(storec);
-    }
-};
-
-#define LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(NB_SIZE)                                         \
-    tinygemm_kernel_vnni<vec_dot_type, type, float, 1, NB_SIZE, blck_size>::apply(   \
-        KB, (const char *)wdata + 0 * row_size_A,                                    \
-        (const char *)src0->data + PACKED_INDEX(nb * kTilesN, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE),     \
-        (float *) dst->data + 0 * N + nb_start, ldc)
-
-template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC, int BLOCK_K,
-          typename std::enable_if<!is_type_qkk<TB>::value, int>::type = 0>
-void tinygemm_kernel_amx(int M, int N, int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, TC * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-    using packed_B_t = packed_B_type<TB>;
-    const int TILE_SIZE = get_tile_size<TB>();
-    const bool need_unpack = do_unpack<TB>::value;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(M <= 2 * TILE_M && N == 2 * TILE_N);
-    const TA * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const TA *>(_A);
-    const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-    const int m0 = std::min(M, TILE_M);
-    const int m1 = std::max(M - TILE_M, 0);
-    const int lda = KB * sizeof(TA);
-    //const int ldb = KB * sizeof(TB);
-
-    static thread_local packed_B_t Tile0[TILE_N * TILE_K];
-    static thread_local packed_B_t Tile1[TILE_N * TILE_K];
-    static thread_local int8_t Tile23[TILE_M * TILE_K];
-
-    static thread_local int32_t TileC0[TILE_M * TILE_N * 4];
-    static thread_local int32_t TileC1[TILE_M * TILE_N * 4];
-
-    // double buffering C to interleave avx512 and amx
-    int32_t * C_cur = TileC0;
-    int32_t * C_pre = TileC1;
-
-    auto Tile4 = [&](int32_t * base) { return base; };
-    auto Tile5 = [&](int32_t * base) { return base + TILE_M * TILE_N; };
-    auto Tile6 = [&](int32_t * base) { return base + 2 * TILE_M * TILE_N; };
-    auto Tile7 = [&](int32_t * base) { return base + 3 * TILE_M * TILE_N; };
-
-    if (M == 2 * TILE_M) {
-        // i = 0
-        const char * B_blk0 = B + PACKED_INDEX(0, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-        const char * B_blk1 = B + PACKED_INDEX(1, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-        if (need_unpack) {
-            unpack_B<TB>(Tile0, B_blk0);
-            _tile_loadd(TMM0, Tile0, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-        } else {
-            _tile_loadd(TMM0, B_blk0, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-        }
-
-        _tile_zero(TMM4);
-        _tile_loadd(TMM2, A[0].qs, lda);
-        _tile_dpbssd(TMM4, TMM2, TMM0);
-        _tile_stored(TMM4, Tile4(C_pre), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-        _tile_zero(TMM5);
-        _tile_loadd(TMM3, A[TILE_M * KB + 0].qs, lda);
-        _tile_dpbssd(TMM5, TMM3, TMM0);
-        _tile_stored(TMM5, Tile5(C_pre), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-        if (need_unpack) {
-            unpack_B<TB>(Tile1, B_blk0);
-            _tile_loadd(TMM1, Tile1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-        } else {
-            _tile_loadd(TMM1, B_blk1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-        }
-
-        _tile_zero(TMM6);
-        _tile_dpbssd(TMM6, TMM2, TMM1);
-        _tile_stored(TMM6, Tile6(C_pre), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-        _tile_zero(TMM7);
-        _tile_dpbssd(TMM7, TMM3, TMM1);
-        _tile_stored(TMM7, Tile7(C_pre), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-        for (int i = 1; i < KB; ++i) {
-            // index of previous iter
-            const int ii = i - 1;
-            const char * B_blk0 = B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            const char * B_blk1 = B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            GGML_DISPATCH_BOOL(ii > 0, is_acc, [&] {
-                if (need_unpack) {
-                    unpack_B<TB>(Tile0, B_blk0);
-                    _tile_loadd(TMM0, Tile0, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-                } else {
-                    _tile_loadd(TMM0, B_blk0, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-                }
-                _tile_zero(TMM4);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM2, A[i].qs, lda);
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C, ldc, Tile4(C_pre), &A[ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM4, TMM2, TMM0);
-                _tile_stored(TMM4, Tile4(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-                _tile_zero(TMM5);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM3, A[TILE_M * KB + i].qs, lda);
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc, ldc, Tile5(C_pre), &A[TILE_M * KB + ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM5, TMM3, TMM0);
-                _tile_stored(TMM5, Tile5(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-                if (need_unpack) {
-                    unpack_B<TB>(Tile1, B_blk1);
-                    _tile_loadd(TMM1, Tile1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-                } else {
-                    _tile_loadd(TMM1, B_blk1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-                }
-                _tile_zero(TMM6);
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_N, ldc, Tile6(C_pre), &A[ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM6, TMM2, TMM1);
-                _tile_stored(TMM6, Tile6(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-                _tile_zero(TMM7);
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc + TILE_N, ldc, Tile7(C_pre), &A[TILE_M * KB + ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM7, TMM3, TMM1);
-                _tile_stored(TMM7, Tile7(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-                std::swap(C_cur, C_pre);
-            });
-        }
-        // final accumulation
-        {
-            int ii = KB - 1;
-            acc_C<TA, TB, true>::apply(C, ldc, Tile4(C_pre), &A[ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-            acc_C<TA, TB, true>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc, ldc, Tile5(C_pre), &A[TILE_M * KB + ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-            acc_C<TA, TB, true>::apply(C + TILE_N, ldc, Tile6(C_pre), &A[ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-            acc_C<TA, TB, true>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc + TILE_N, ldc, Tile7(C_pre), &A[TILE_M * KB + ii], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, ii, KB, TILE_SIZE), TILE_M);
-        }
-    } else {
-        for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-            _tile_zero(TMM4);
-            _tile_zero(TMM6);
-            if (m1 != 0) {
-                _tile_zero(TMM5);
-                _tile_zero(TMM7);
-            }
-
-            const char * B_blk0 = B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            const char * B_blk1 = B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE);
-            if (need_unpack) {
-                unpack_B<TB>(Tile0, B_blk0);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM0, Tile0, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-            } else {
-                _tile_loadd(TMM0, B_blk0, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-            }
-
-            if (need_unpack) {
-                unpack_B<TB>(Tile1, B_blk1);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM1, Tile1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-            } else {
-                _tile_loadd(TMM1, B_blk1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-            }
-
-            if (m0 == TILE_M) {
-                _tile_loadd(TMM2, A[i].qs, lda);
-            } else {
-                unpack_A(Tile23, &A[i], KB, m0);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM2, Tile23, TILE_K);
-            }
-
-            _tile_dpbssd(TMM4, TMM2, TMM0);
-            _tile_dpbssd(TMM6, TMM2, TMM1);
-
-            _tile_stored(TMM4, Tile4(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-            _tile_stored(TMM6, Tile6(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-            GGML_DISPATCH_BOOL(i > 0, is_acc, [&] {
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C,          ldc, Tile4(C_cur), &A[i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m0);
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_N, ldc, Tile6(C_cur), &A[i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m0);
-            });
-
-            if (m1 != 0) {
-                unpack_A(Tile23, &A[TILE_M * KB + i], KB, m1);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM3, Tile23, TILE_K);
-
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM5, TMM3, TMM0);
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM7, TMM3, TMM1);
-                _tile_stored(TMM5, Tile5(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-                _tile_stored(TMM7, Tile7(C_cur), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-                GGML_DISPATCH_BOOL(i > 0, is_acc, [&] {
-                    acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc,          ldc, Tile5(C_cur), &A[TILE_M * KB + i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m1);
-                    acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc + TILE_N, ldc, Tile7(C_cur), &A[TILE_M * KB + i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m1);
-                });
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC, int BLOCK_K,
-          typename std::enable_if<is_type_qkk<TB>::value, int>::type = 0>
-void tinygemm_kernel_amx(int M, int N, int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const void * RESTRICT _B, float * RESTRICT C, int ldc) {
-    static_assert(std::is_same<TA, block_q8_K>::value);
-    const int TILE_SIZE = get_tile_size<TB>();
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(M <= 2 * TILE_M && N == 2 * TILE_N);
-    const TA * RESTRICT A = static_cast<const TA *>(_A);
-    const char * RESTRICT B = static_cast<const char *>(_B);
-
-    const int m0 = std::min(M, TILE_M);
-    const int m1 = std::max(M - TILE_M, 0);
-    //const int lda = KB * sizeof(TA);
-
-    static thread_local int8_t Tile0[TILE_N * TILE_K];
-    static thread_local int8_t Tile1[TILE_N * TILE_K];
-    static thread_local int8_t Tile23[TILE_M * TILE_K];
-
-    // mat mul result for each group
-    static thread_local int32_t Tile4[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-    static thread_local int32_t Tile5[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-    static thread_local int32_t Tile6[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-    static thread_local int32_t Tile7[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-
-    // sum of each QK_K block, contains 8 groups, int32
-    static thread_local int32_t Sumi4[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-    static thread_local int32_t Sumi5[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-    static thread_local int32_t Sumi6[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-    static thread_local int32_t Sumi7[TILE_M * TILE_N];
-
-    const int k_group_size = std::is_same<TB, block_q6_K>::value ? 16 : 32;
-    for (int i = 0; i < KB; ++i) {
-        // step 1: accumulate the quants across 8 groups, each group with 32
-        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K / k_group_size; ++k) {
-            GGML_DISPATCH_BOOL(k > 0, is_acc, [&] {
-                _tile_zero(TMM4);
-                _tile_zero(TMM6);
-
-                unpack_B<TB>(Tile0, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), k);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM0, Tile0, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-
-                unpack_B<TB>(Tile1, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), k);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM1, Tile1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
-
-                unpack_A<TB>(Tile23, &A[i], KB, k, m0);
-                _tile_loadd(TMM2, Tile23, TILE_K);
-
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM4, TMM2, TMM0);
-                _tile_dpbssd(TMM6, TMM2, TMM1);
-
-                _tile_stored(TMM4, Tile4, TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-                _tile_stored(TMM6, Tile6, TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-                scale_C<TB, is_acc>(Tile4, Sumi4, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), k, m0);
-                scale_C<TB, is_acc>(Tile6, Sumi6, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), k, m0);
-
-                if (m1 != 0) {
-                    _tile_zero(TMM5);
-                    _tile_zero(TMM7);
-
-                    unpack_A<TB>(Tile23, &A[TILE_M * KB + i], KB, k, m1);
-                    _tile_loadd(TMM3, Tile23, TILE_K);
-
-                    _tile_dpbssd(TMM5, TMM3, TMM0);
-                    _tile_dpbssd(TMM7, TMM3, TMM1);
-
-                    _tile_stored(TMM5, Tile5, TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-                    _tile_stored(TMM7, Tile7, TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
-
-                    scale_C<TB, is_acc>(Tile5, Sumi5, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), k, m1);
-                    scale_C<TB, is_acc>(Tile7, Sumi7, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), k, m1);
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        // step 2: accmulate the mins
-        GGML_DISPATCH_BOOL(i > 0, is_acc, [&] {
-            acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C,          ldc, Sumi4, &A[i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m0);
-            acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_N, ldc, Sumi6, &A[i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m0);
-            if (m1 != 0) {
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc,          ldc, Sumi5, &A[TILE_M * KB + i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(0, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m1);
-                acc_C<TA, TB, is_acc>::apply(C + TILE_M * ldc + TILE_N, ldc, Sumi7, &A[TILE_M * KB + i], KB, B + PACKED_INDEX(1, i, KB, TILE_SIZE), m1);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-// get the packed tensor size for quantized weights
-size_t ggml_backend_amx_get_alloc_size(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    const enum ggml_type TYPE = tensor->type;
-
-    const int K = tensor->ne[0]; // ne0: in_features
-    const int N = tensor->ne[1]; // ne1: out_features
-
-    auto get_tensor_size = [&] {
-        size_t row_size_B{0};
-        GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
-            row_size_B = get_row_size<type, blck_size>(K);
-        });
-        return N * row_size_B;
-    };
-
-    if (qtype_has_amx_kernels(TYPE)) {
-        return get_tensor_size();
-    } else {
-        // for f16, bf16 we don't do packing
-        return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-    }
-}
-
-// pack weight to vnni format
-void ggml_backend_amx_convert_weight(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-
-    size_t alloc_size = ggml_backend_amx_get_alloc_size(tensor);
-    GGML_ASSERT(alloc_size == size);
-
-    const enum ggml_type TYPE = tensor->type;
-
-    const int K = tensor->ne[0]; // ne0: in_features
-    const int N = tensor->ne[1]; // ne1: out_features
-
-#if defined(_OPENMP)
-    // the buffer ctx is not initialized when .set_tensor is called
-    int n_threads = omp_get_num_threads();
-#else
-    int n_threads = 1;
-#endif
-
-    GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
-        convert_B_packed_format<type, blck_size>((void *)((char *)tensor->data + offset), (const type *)data, N, K, n_threads);
-    });
-}
-
-// NB: mixed dtype gemm with Advanced Matrix Extensions (Intel AMX)
-//
-// src0: weight in shape of {N, K}, quantized
-// src1: input  in shape of {M, K}, float32
-// dst:  output in shape of {M, N}, float32
-//
-// the function performs: dst = src1 @ src0.T
-//
-void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(ggml_backend_amx_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    struct ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    struct ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
-
-    const enum ggml_type TYPE = src0->type;
-
-    const int n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
-
-    // f16 only has avx512 kernels for now,
-    // amx kernels will be added once 6th gen xeon is released.
-    const bool is_floating_type = TYPE == GGML_TYPE_F16;
-
-    const int M = dst->ne[1];
-    const int N = dst->ne[0];
-    const int K = src0->ne[0];
-    const int ldc = dst->nb[1] / dst->nb[0];
-
-    if (is_floating_type) {
-        constexpr int BLOCK_M = 4;
-        constexpr int BLOCK_N = 6;
-        const int MB = div_up(M, BLOCK_M);
-        const int NB = div_up(N, BLOCK_N);
-
-        parallel_for(n_threads, MB * NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
-            GGML_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(TYPE, [&] {
-                for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
-                    int mb = i / NB;
-                    int nb = i % NB;
-
-                    int mb_start = mb * BLOCK_M;
-                    int mb_size = std::min(BLOCK_M, M - mb_start);
-                    int nb_start = nb * BLOCK_N;
-                    int nb_size = std::min(BLOCK_N, N - nb_start);
-
-                    switch (mb_size << 4 | nb_size) {
-                        case 0x12: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(1, 2); break;
-                        case 0x14: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(1, 4); break;
-                        case 0x16: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(1, 6); break;
-                        case 0x22: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(2, 2); break;
-                        case 0x24: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(2, 4); break;
-                        case 0x26: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(2, 6); break;
-                        case 0x32: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(3, 2); break;
-                        case 0x34: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(3, 4); break;
-                        case 0x36: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(3, 6); break;
-                        case 0x42: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(4, 2); break;
-                        case 0x44: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(4, 4); break;
-                        case 0x46: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(4, 6); break;
-                        default: fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected block size!\n");
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-        });
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // pointer to work space, used convert A from float to quantized type
-    void * wdata = nullptr;
-
-    //TODO: performance improvement: merge quant A
-    GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
-        const size_t row_size_A = K / blck_size * sizeof(vec_dot_type);
-        const size_t desired_wsize = M * row_size_A;
-        if (ctx->work_size < desired_wsize) {
-            ctx->work_data.reset(new char[desired_wsize]);
-            ctx->work_size = desired_wsize;
-        }
-        wdata = ctx->work_data.get();
-
-        // Q4_0, Q4_1, Q8_0 handles 1 TILE_K per blck_size
-        // Q4_K, Q5_K, Q6_K, IQ4_XS handles 8 TILE_K per blck_size
-        GGML_ASSERT(TILE_K == blck_size || TILE_K * 8 == blck_size);
-
-        const float * A_data = static_cast<const float *>(src1->data);
-        for (int m = 0; m < M; ++m) {
-            from_float<vec_dot_type>(A_data + m * K, (char *)wdata + m * row_size_A, K);
-        }
-    });
-
-    if (M == 1) {
-        // MB = 1 and handle 8 tiles in each block
-        constexpr int kTilesN = 4;
-        constexpr int BLOCK_N = TILE_N * kTilesN;
-        const int NB = div_up(N, BLOCK_N);
-
-        parallel_for(n_threads, NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
-            GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
-                const int KB = K / blck_size;
-                const int TILE_SIZE = get_tile_size<type>();
-                const int row_size_A = KB * sizeof(vec_dot_type);
-                for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
-                    int nb = i;
-                    int nb_start = nb * BLOCK_N;
-                    int nb_size = std::min(BLOCK_N, N - nb_start); // 32, 64, 96
-
-                    switch (nb_size) {
-                        //case 160: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(160); break;
-                        case 128: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(128); break;
-                        case 96: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(96); break;
-                        case 64: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(64); break;
-                        case 32: LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(32); break;
-                        default: fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected n block size!\n");
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-        });
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // handle 4 tiles at a tile
-    constexpr int BLOCK_M = TILE_M * 2;
-    constexpr int BLOCK_N = TILE_N * 2;
-    const int MB = div_up(M, BLOCK_M);
-    const int NB = div_up(N, BLOCK_N);
-
-    parallel_for(n_threads, MB * NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
-        // init tile config for each thread
-        ggml_tile_config_init();
-
-        GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
-            const int KB = K / blck_size;
-            const int TILE_SIZE = get_tile_size<type>();
-            const int row_size_A = KB * sizeof(vec_dot_type);
-
-            for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
-                int mb = i / NB;
-                int nb = i % NB;
-
-                int mb_start = mb * BLOCK_M;
-                int mb_size = std::min(BLOCK_M, M - mb_start);
-                int nb_start = nb * BLOCK_N;
-                int nb_size = BLOCK_N;
-
-                tinygemm_kernel_amx<vec_dot_type, type, float, blck_size>(
-                    mb_size, nb_size, KB,
-                    (const char *)wdata + mb_start * row_size_A,
-                    (const char *)src0->data + PACKED_INDEX(nb * 2, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE),
-                    (float *) dst->data + mb_start * N + nb_start, ldc);
-            }
-        });
-    });
-}
-
-#else // if defined(__AMX_INT8__)
-
-void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(ggml_backend_amx_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "GGML is not compiled with AMX support!\n");
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-}
-
-#endif // if defined(__AMX_INT8__)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.h b/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.h
deleted file mode 100644
index cf092062063..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-amx/mmq.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include "common.h"
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-size_t ggml_backend_amx_get_alloc_size(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
-
-void ggml_backend_amx_convert_weight(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size);
-
-void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(ggml_backend_amx_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-backend-dl.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-dl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a65cf009055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-dl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "ggml-backend-dl.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
+    // suppress error dialogs for missing DLLs
+    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+
+    HMODULE handle = LoadLibraryW(path.wstring().c_str());
+
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
+
+    return handle;
+}
+
+void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
+    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+
+    void * p = (void *) GetProcAddress(handle, name);
+
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
+
+    return p;
+}
+
+const char * dl_error() {
+    return "";
+}
+
+#else
+
+dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
+    dl_handle * handle = dlopen(path.string().c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+    return handle;
+}
+
+void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
+    return dlsym(handle, name);
+}
+
+const char * dl_error() {
+    const char *rslt = dlerror();
+    return rslt != nullptr ? rslt : "";
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-backend-dl.h b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-dl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f74b7c94894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-dl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#   define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#   ifndef NOMINMAX
+#       define NOMINMAX
+#   endif
+#   include <windows.h>
+#   include <winevt.h>
+#else
+#    include <dlfcn.h>
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <filesystem>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+using dl_handle = std::remove_pointer_t<HMODULE>;
+
+struct dl_handle_deleter {
+    void operator()(HMODULE handle) {
+        FreeLibrary(handle);
+    }
+};
+
+#else
+
+using dl_handle = void;
+
+struct dl_handle_deleter {
+    void operator()(void * handle) {
+        dlclose(handle);
+    }
+};
+
+#endif
+
+using dl_handle_ptr = std::unique_ptr<dl_handle, dl_handle_deleter>;
+
+dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path);
+void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name);
+const char * dl_error();
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-backend-impl.h b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-impl.h
index c36c12d6579..59190b7c465 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-backend-impl.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-impl.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-    #define GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION 1
+    #define GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION 2
 
     //
     // Backend buffer type
@@ -114,6 +114,9 @@ extern "C" {
         void (*event_record)(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event);
         // wait for an event on on a different stream
         void (*event_wait)  (ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event);
+
+        // (optional) sort/optimize the nodes in the graph
+        void                      (*graph_optimize)    (ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
     };
 
     struct ggml_backend {
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ extern "C" {
         // device description: short informative description of the device, could be the model name
         const char * (*get_description)(ggml_backend_dev_t dev);
 
-        // device memory in bytes
+        // device memory in bytes: 0 bytes to indicate no memory to report
         void         (*get_memory)(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total);
 
         // device type
@@ -206,9 +209,6 @@ extern "C" {
         void * context;
     };
 
-    // Internal backend registry API
-    GGML_API void ggml_backend_register(ggml_backend_reg_t reg);
-
     // Add backend dynamic loading support to the backend
 
     // Initialize the backend
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp
index 2d93771fd1c..0587109212e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-dl.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -45,10 +46,22 @@
 #include "ggml-vulkan.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_WEBGPU
+#include "ggml-webgpu.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ZDNN
+#include "ggml-zdnn.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef GGML_USE_OPENCL
 #include "ggml-opencl.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HEXAGON
+#include "ggml-hexagon.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef GGML_USE_BLAS
 #include "ggml-blas.h"
 #endif
@@ -57,104 +70,39 @@
 #include "ggml-rpc.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_VIRTGPU_FRONTEND
+#include "ggml-virtgpu.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CANN
 #include "ggml-cann.h"
 #endif
 
-#ifdef GGML_USE_KOMPUTE
-#include "ggml-kompute.h"
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ZENDNN
+#include "ggml-zendnn.h"
 #endif
 
-// disable C++17 deprecation warning for std::codecvt_utf8
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#    pragma clang diagnostic push
-#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-#elif defined(__GNUC__)
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#ifdef GGML_USE_OPENVINO
+#include "ggml-openvino.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace fs = std::filesystem;
 
 static std::string path_str(const fs::path & path) {
-    std::string u8path;
     try {
 #if defined(__cpp_lib_char8_t)
         // C++20 and later: u8string() returns std::u8string
-        std::u8string u8str = path.u8string();
-        u8path = std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(u8str.c_str()));
+        const std::u8string u8str = path.u8string();
+        return std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(u8str.data()), u8str.size());
 #else
         // C++17: u8string() returns std::string
-        u8path = path.u8string();
+        return path.u8string();
 #endif
     } catch (...) {
+        return std::string();
     }
-    return u8path;
 }
 
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
-#elif defined(__GNUC__)
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-
-using dl_handle = std::remove_pointer_t<HMODULE>;
-
-struct dl_handle_deleter {
-    void operator()(HMODULE handle) {
-        FreeLibrary(handle);
-    }
-};
-
-static dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
-    // suppress error dialogs for missing DLLs
-    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
-    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
-
-    HMODULE handle = LoadLibraryW(path.wstring().c_str());
-
-    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
-
-    return handle;
-}
-
-static void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
-    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
-    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
-
-    void * p = (void *) GetProcAddress(handle, name);
-
-    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
-
-    return p;
-}
-
-#else
-
-using dl_handle = void;
-
-struct dl_handle_deleter {
-    void operator()(void * handle) {
-        dlclose(handle);
-    }
-};
-
-static void * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
-    dl_handle * handle = dlopen(path.string().c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
-
-    return handle;
-}
-
-static void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
-    return dlsym(handle, name);
-}
-
-#endif
-
-using dl_handle_ptr = std::unique_ptr<dl_handle, dl_handle_deleter>;
-
 struct ggml_backend_reg_entry {
     ggml_backend_reg_t reg;
     dl_handle_ptr handle;
@@ -175,11 +123,32 @@ struct ggml_backend_registry {
         register_backend(ggml_backend_sycl_reg());
 #endif
 #ifdef GGML_USE_VULKAN
+    // Add runtime disable check
+    if (getenv("GGML_DISABLE_VULKAN") == nullptr) {
         register_backend(ggml_backend_vk_reg());
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Vulkan backend disabled by GGML_DISABLE_VULKAN environment variable\n");
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef GGML_USE_WEBGPU
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_webgpu_reg());
+#endif
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ZDNN
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_zdnn_reg());
 #endif
+#ifdef GGML_USE_VIRTGPU_FRONTEND
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_virtgpu_reg());
+#endif
+
 #ifdef GGML_USE_OPENCL
         register_backend(ggml_backend_opencl_reg());
 #endif
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ZENDNN
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_zendnn_reg());
+#endif
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HEXAGON
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_hexagon_reg());
+#endif
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CANN
         register_backend(ggml_backend_cann_reg());
 #endif
@@ -189,8 +158,8 @@ struct ggml_backend_registry {
 #ifdef GGML_USE_RPC
         register_backend(ggml_backend_rpc_reg());
 #endif
-#ifdef GGML_USE_KOMPUTE
-        register_backend(ggml_backend_kompute_reg());
+#ifdef GGML_USE_OPENVINO
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_openvino_reg());
 #endif
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CPU
         register_backend(ggml_backend_cpu_reg());
@@ -233,7 +202,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_registry {
         dl_handle_ptr handle { dl_load_library(path) };
         if (!handle) {
             if (!silent) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to load %s\n", __func__, path_str(path).c_str());
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to load %s: %s\n", __func__, path_str(path).c_str(), dl_error());
             }
             return nullptr;
         }
@@ -393,9 +362,8 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_init_by_type(enum ggml_backend_dev_type type, const
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_init_best(void) {
     ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU);
-    if (!dev) {
-        dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
-    }
+    dev = dev ? dev : ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU);
+    dev = dev ? dev : ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
     if (!dev) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -498,6 +466,9 @@ static ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_load_best(const char * name, bool silent,
 
     std::vector<fs::path> search_paths;
     if (user_search_path == nullptr) {
+#ifdef GGML_BACKEND_DIR
+        search_paths.push_back(fs::u8path(GGML_BACKEND_DIR));
+#endif
         // default search paths: executable directory, current directory
         search_paths.push_back(get_executable_path());
         search_paths.push_back(fs::current_path());
@@ -507,21 +478,26 @@ static ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_load_best(const char * name, bool silent,
 
     int best_score = 0;
     fs::path best_path;
+    std::error_code ec;
 
     for (const auto & search_path : search_paths) {
-        if (!fs::exists(search_path)) {
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: search path %s does not exist\n", __func__, path_str(search_path).c_str());
+        if (!fs::exists(search_path, ec)) {
+            if (ec) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: posix_stat(%s) failure, error-message: %s\n", __func__, path_str(search_path).c_str(), ec.message().c_str());
+            } else {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: search path %s does not exist\n", __func__, path_str(search_path).c_str());
+            }
             continue;
         }
         fs::directory_iterator dir_it(search_path, fs::directory_options::skip_permission_denied);
         for (const auto & entry : dir_it) {
-            if (entry.is_regular_file()) {
+            if (entry.is_regular_file(ec)) {
                 auto filename = entry.path().filename();
                 auto ext = entry.path().extension();
                 if (filename.native().find(file_prefix) == 0 && ext == file_extension) {
                     dl_handle_ptr handle { dl_load_library(entry) };
                     if (!handle && !silent) {
-                        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to load %s\n", __func__, path_str(entry.path()).c_str());
+                        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to load %s: %s\n", __func__, path_str(entry.path()).c_str(), dl_error());
                     }
                     if (handle) {
                         auto score_fn = (ggml_backend_score_t) dl_get_sym(handle.get(), "ggml_backend_score");
@@ -550,8 +526,12 @@ static ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_load_best(const char * name, bool silent,
         for (const auto & search_path : search_paths) {
             fs::path filename = backend_filename_prefix().native() + name_path.native() + backend_filename_extension().native();
             fs::path path = search_path / filename;
-            if (fs::exists(path)) {
+            if (std::error_code ec; fs::exists(path, ec)) {
                 return get_reg().load_backend(path, silent);
+            } else {
+                if (ec) {
+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: posix_stat(%s) failure, error-message: %s\n", __func__, path_str(path).c_str(), ec.message().c_str());
+                }
             }
         }
         return nullptr;
@@ -572,16 +552,19 @@ void ggml_backend_load_all_from_path(const char * dir_path) {
 #endif
 
     ggml_backend_load_best("blas", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("zendnn", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("cann", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("cuda", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("hip", silent, dir_path);
-    ggml_backend_load_best("kompute", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("metal", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("rpc", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("sycl", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("vulkan", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("virtgpu", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("opencl", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("hexagon", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("musa", silent, dir_path);
+    ggml_backend_load_best("openvino", silent, dir_path);
     ggml_backend_load_best("cpu", silent, dir_path);
     // check the environment variable GGML_BACKEND_PATH to load an out-of-tree backend
     const char * backend_path = std::getenv("GGML_BACKEND_PATH");
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp
index b1050ad59c2..22c656996cc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -32,23 +31,26 @@
 // backend buffer type
 
 const char * ggml_backend_buft_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.get_name(buft);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     if (size == 0) {
         // return a dummy buffer for zero-sized allocations
         return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, {}, NULL, 0);
     }
-
     return buft->iface.alloc_buffer(buft, size);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.get_alignment(buft);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     // get_max_size is optional, defaults to SIZE_MAX
     if (buft->iface.get_max_size) {
         return buft->iface.get_max_size(buft);
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     // get_alloc_size is optional, defaults to ggml_nbytes
     if (buft->iface.get_alloc_size) {
         size_t size = buft->iface.get_alloc_size(buft, tensor);
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const s
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_buft_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     if (buft->iface.is_host) {
         return buft->iface.is_host(buft);
     }
@@ -74,6 +78,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_buft_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_buft_get_device(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->device;
 }
 
@@ -111,15 +116,23 @@ void ggml_backend_buffer_free(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->size;
 }
 
 void * ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // get_base is optional if the buffer is zero-sized
     if (buffer->size == 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    // FIXME JG: a multi_buffer has a non-zero size, according to the above comment get_base is not optional,
+    //     I don't know whether the above comment is correct
+    if (!buffer->iface.get_base) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     void * base = buffer->iface.get_base(buffer);
 
     GGML_ASSERT(base != NULL && "backend buffer base cannot be NULL");
@@ -128,6 +141,7 @@ void * ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // init_tensor is optional
     if (buffer->iface.init_tensor) {
         return buffer->iface.init_tensor(buffer, tensor);
@@ -136,6 +150,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, s
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // clear is optional if the buffer is zero-sized
     if (buffer->size == 0) {
         return;
@@ -161,6 +176,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage usage) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     buffer->usage = usage;
 
     // FIXME: add a generic callback to the buffer interface
@@ -170,14 +186,17 @@ void ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backe
 }
 
 enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->usage;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->buft;
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_reset(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     if (buffer->iface.reset) {
         buffer->iface.reset(buffer);
     }
@@ -216,6 +235,7 @@ void ggml_backend_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(backend->device);
 }
 
@@ -232,10 +252,13 @@ size_t ggml_backend_get_max_size(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data != NULL && "tensor not allocated");
     GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "tensor write out of bounds");
 
     if (backend->iface.set_tensor_async == NULL) {
+        ggml_backend_synchronize(backend);
         ggml_backend_tensor_set(tensor, data, offset, size);
     } else {
         backend->iface.set_tensor_async(backend, tensor, data, offset, size);
@@ -243,10 +266,13 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor *
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data != NULL && "tensor not allocated");
     GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "tensor read out of bounds");
 
     if (backend->iface.get_tensor_async == NULL) {
+        ggml_backend_synchronize(backend);
         ggml_backend_tensor_get(tensor, data, offset, size);
     } else {
         backend->iface.get_tensor_async(backend, tensor, data, offset, size);
@@ -284,6 +310,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_get(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, siz
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_memset(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
 
     if (size == 0) {
@@ -299,6 +326,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_memset(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     if (backend->iface.synchronize == NULL) {
         return;
     }
@@ -307,18 +335,21 @@ void ggml_backend_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_graph_plan_t ggml_backend_graph_plan_create(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_create != NULL);
 
     return backend->iface.graph_plan_create(backend, cgraph);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_graph_plan_free(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_graph_plan_t plan) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_free != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.graph_plan_free(backend, plan);
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_plan_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_graph_plan_t plan) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_compute != NULL);
 
     return backend->iface.graph_plan_compute(backend, plan);
@@ -331,42 +362,32 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return backend->iface.graph_compute(backend, cgraph);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_supports_op(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(backend->device, op);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_supports_buft(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_supports_buft(backend->device, buft);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_offload_op(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(backend->device, op);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_get_device(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return backend->device;
 }
 
 // backend copy
 
-static bool ggml_are_same_layout(const struct ggml_tensor * a, const struct ggml_tensor * b) {
-    if (a->type != b->type) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        if (a->ne[i] != b->ne[i]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (a->nb[i] != b->nb[i]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 void ggml_backend_tensor_copy(struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_layout(src, dst) && "cannot copy tensors with different layouts");
 
@@ -397,6 +418,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_copy_async(ggml_backend_t backend_src, ggml_backend_t b
         return;
     }
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend_dst);
     if (backend_dst->iface.cpy_tensor_async != NULL) {
         if (backend_dst->iface.cpy_tensor_async(backend_src, backend_dst, src, dst)) {
             return;
@@ -428,38 +450,52 @@ void ggml_backend_event_free(ggml_backend_event_t event) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_record(ggml_backend_event_t event, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.event_record != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.event_record(backend, event);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_synchronize(ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(event);
     GGML_ASSERT(event->device->iface.event_synchronize);
 
     event->device->iface.event_synchronize(event->device, event);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.event_wait != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.event_wait(backend, event);
 }
 
+static void ggml_backend_graph_optimize(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    if (backend->iface.graph_optimize != NULL) {
+        backend->iface.graph_optimize(backend, cgraph);
+    }
+}
+
 // Backend device
 
 const char * ggml_backend_dev_name(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_name(device);
 }
 
 const char * ggml_backend_dev_description(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_description(device);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_dev_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     device->iface.get_memory(device, free, total);
 }
 
 enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_dev_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_type(device);
 }
 
@@ -469,18 +505,22 @@ void ggml_backend_dev_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t device, struct ggml_backend_d
 }
 
 ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->reg;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_dev_init(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const char * params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.init_backend(device, params);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_buffer_type(device);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     if (device->iface.get_host_buffer_type == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -489,18 +529,22 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_dev_buffer_from_host_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t device, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.buffer_from_host_ptr(device, ptr, size, max_tensor_size);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.supports_op(device, op);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t device, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.supports_buft(device, buft);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     if (device->iface.offload_op != NULL) {
         return device->iface.offload_op(device, op);
     }
@@ -511,18 +555,22 @@ bool ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_te
 // Backend (reg)
 
 const char * ggml_backend_reg_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_name(reg);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_reg_dev_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_device_count(reg);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_device(reg, index);
 }
 
 void * ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     if (!reg->iface.get_proc_address) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -537,6 +585,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context {
 };
 
 static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_free(ctx->buffers[i]);
@@ -547,6 +596,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer)
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_clear(ctx->buffers[i], value);
@@ -582,10 +632,12 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_multi_buffer_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_multi_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->iface.free_buffer == ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer;
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage usage) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_multi_buffer(buffer));
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
@@ -613,7 +665,7 @@ static bool ggml_is_view_op(enum ggml_op op) {
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS
-#define GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS GGML_MAX_SRC
+#define GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS 30
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES
@@ -662,6 +714,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_sched {
     // pipeline parallelism support
     int n_copies;
     int cur_copy;
+    int next_copy;
     ggml_backend_event_t events[GGML_SCHED_MAX_BACKENDS][GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES];
     struct ggml_tensor * graph_inputs[GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS];
     int n_graph_inputs;
@@ -677,6 +730,12 @@ struct ggml_backend_sched {
     bool op_offload;
 
     int debug;
+
+    // used for debugging graph reallocations [GGML_SCHED_DEBUG_REALLOC]
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17617
+    int debug_realloc;
+    int debug_graph_size;
+    int debug_prev_graph_size;
 };
 
 #define hash_id(tensor) ggml_hash_find_or_insert(&sched->hash_set, tensor)
@@ -817,8 +876,9 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_print_assignments(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, str
         }
         if (sched->debug > 1) {
             ggml_backend_t tensor_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, node);
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("node #%3d (%10.10s): %20.20s (%5.5s) [%5.5s %8.8s]:", i, ggml_op_name(node->op), node->name,
-                fmt_size(ggml_nbytes(node)), tensor_backend ? ggml_backend_name(tensor_backend) : "NULL", GET_CAUSE(node));
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("node #%3d (%10.10s): %20.20s (%5.5s) [%5.5s %8.8s] use=%d,c=%d:", i, ggml_op_name(node->op), node->name,
+                fmt_size(ggml_nbytes(node)), tensor_backend ? ggml_backend_name(tensor_backend) : "NULL", GET_CAUSE(node),
+                graph->use_counts[ggml_hash_find(&graph->visited_hash_set, node)], node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE ? 1 : 0);
             for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
                 struct ggml_tensor * src = node->src[j];
                 if (src == NULL) {
@@ -862,7 +922,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_set_if_supported(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, stru
 }
 
 // assigns backends to ops and splits the graph into subgraphs that can be computed on the same backend
-static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
     // reset splits
     sched->n_splits = 0;
     sched->n_graph_inputs = 0;
@@ -1084,6 +1144,11 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
                 }
             }
         }
+        // if the node is still unassigned, assign it to the first backend that supports it
+        for (int b = 0; b < sched->n_backends && *cur_backend_id == -1; b++) {
+            ggml_backend_sched_set_if_supported(sched, node, b, cur_backend_id);
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(*cur_backend_id != -1);
     }
 
     // pass 5: split graph, find tensors that need to be copied
@@ -1111,7 +1176,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
 
             const int node_backend_id = tensor_backend_id(node);
 
-            assert(node_backend_id != -1); // all nodes should be assigned by now, this can happen if there is no CPU fallback
+            GGML_ASSERT(node_backend_id != -1); // all nodes should be assigned by now, this can happen if there is no CPU fallback
 
             // check if we should start a new split based on the sources of the current node
             bool need_new_split = false;
@@ -1169,7 +1234,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
 
                 size_t src_id = hash_id(src);
                 const int src_backend_id = sched->hv_tensor_backend_ids[src_id];
-                assert(src_backend_id != -1); // all inputs should be assigned by now
+                GGML_ASSERT(src_backend_id != -1); // all inputs should be assigned by now
 
                 if (src->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT && sched->n_copies > 1) {
                     if (tensor_id_copy(src_id, src_backend_id, 0) == NULL) {
@@ -1182,10 +1247,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
                                 tensor_copy = ggml_dup_tensor_layout(sched->ctx, src);
                                 ggml_format_name(tensor_copy, "%s#%s#%d", ggml_backend_name(backend), src->name, c);
                             }
-                            if (sched->n_copies > 1) {
-                                ggml_set_input(tensor_copy);
-                                ggml_set_output(tensor_copy); // prevent ggml-alloc from overwriting the tensor
-                            }
+                            ggml_set_input(tensor_copy);
+                            ggml_set_output(tensor_copy); // prevent ggml-alloc from overwriting the tensor
                             tensor_id_copy(src_id, src_backend_id, c) = tensor_copy;
                             SET_CAUSE(tensor_copy, "4.cpy");
                         }
@@ -1237,6 +1300,11 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
     }
 
     int graph_size = std::max(graph->n_nodes, graph->n_leafs) + sched->n_splits*GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS*2*sched->n_copies;
+
+    // remember the actual graph_size for performing reallocation checks later [GGML_SCHED_DEBUG_REALLOC]
+    sched->debug_prev_graph_size = sched->debug_graph_size;
+    sched->debug_graph_size = graph_size;
+
     if (sched->graph.size < graph_size) {
         sched->graph.size = graph_size;
         sched->graph.nodes = (ggml_tensor **) realloc(sched->graph.nodes, graph_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *));
@@ -1253,6 +1321,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
         struct ggml_backend_sched_split * split = &sched->splits[i];
         split->graph = ggml_graph_view(graph, split->i_start, split->i_end);
 
+        // Optimize this split of the graph. This needs to happen before we make graph_copy,
+        // so they are in sync.
+        ggml_backend_graph_optimize(sched->backends[split->backend_id], &split->graph);
+
         // add inputs to the graph copy so that they are allocated by ggml-alloc at the start of the split
         for (int j = 0; j < split->n_inputs; j++) {
             assert(graph_copy->size > (graph_copy->n_nodes + 1));
@@ -1339,14 +1411,27 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sched_alloc_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 
     // allocate graph
     if (backend_ids_changed || !ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph(sched->galloc, &sched->graph)) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: failed to allocate graph, reserving (backend_ids_changed = %d)\n", __func__, backend_ids_changed);
+#endif
+
+        if (sched->debug_realloc > 0) {
+            // we are interested only in situations where the graph was reallocated even though its size remained the same [GGML_SCHED_DEBUG_REALLOC]
+            // example: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17143
+            const bool unexpected = !backend_ids_changed && sched->debug_prev_graph_size == sched->debug_graph_size;
+
+            if (unexpected || sched->debug_realloc > 1) {
+                GGML_ABORT("%s: unexpected graph reallocation (graph size = %d, nodes = %d, leafs = %d), debug_realloc = %d\n", __func__,
+                        sched->debug_graph_size, sched->graph.n_nodes, sched->graph.n_leafs, sched->debug_realloc);
+            }
+        }
+
         // the re-allocation may cause the split inputs to be moved to a different address
         // synchronize without ggml_backend_sched_synchronize to avoid changing cur_copy
         for (int i = 0; i < sched->n_backends; i++) {
             ggml_backend_synchronize(sched->backends[i]);
         }
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: failed to allocate graph, reserving (backend_ids_changed = %d)\n", __func__, backend_ids_changed);
-#endif
+
         ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(sched->galloc, &sched->graph, sched->node_backend_ids, sched->leaf_backend_ids);
         if (!ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph(sched->galloc, &sched->graph)) {
             GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate graph\n", __func__);
@@ -1358,17 +1443,22 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sched_alloc_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_compute_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     struct ggml_backend_sched_split * splits = sched->splits;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < sched->n_splits; i++) {
-        struct ggml_backend_sched_split * split = &splits[i];
+    ggml_tensor * prev_ids_tensor = nullptr;
+    std::vector<int32_t> ids;
+    std::vector<ggml_bitset_t> used_ids;
+
+    for (int split_id = 0; split_id < sched->n_splits; split_id++) {
+        struct ggml_backend_sched_split * split = &splits[split_id];
         int split_backend_id = split->backend_id;
         ggml_backend_t split_backend = sched->backends[split_backend_id];
 
         // copy the input tensors to the split backend
-        for (int j = 0; j < split->n_inputs; j++) {
-            ggml_backend_t input_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, split->inputs[j]);
-            struct ggml_tensor * input = split->inputs[j];
+        for (int input_id = 0; input_id < split->n_inputs; input_id++) {
+            ggml_backend_t input_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, split->inputs[input_id]);
+            struct ggml_tensor * input = split->inputs[input_id];
             struct ggml_tensor * input_cpy = tensor_copy(input, split_backend_id, sched->cur_copy);
 
             if (input->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT) {
@@ -1386,16 +1476,104 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_compute_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t s
                 } else {
                     ggml_backend_synchronize(split_backend);
                 }
-                // try async copy, but if not possible, we can still use a sync copy without synchronizing the dst backend, since we handle the synchronization here with multiple copies and events
-                // TODO: add public function to facilitate this, since applications do not have direct access to the backend interface
-                if (!split_backend->iface.cpy_tensor_async || !split_backend->iface.cpy_tensor_async(input_backend, split_backend, input, input_cpy)) {
+
+                // when offloading MoE weights, we can reduce the amount of data copied by copying only the experts that are used
+                ggml_tensor * node = split->graph.nodes[0];
+                if (split->graph.n_nodes > 0 &&
+                    ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(input->buffer) == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS &&
+                    ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(input->buffer) && (
+                    (node->src[0] == input_cpy && node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID)
+                    //|| (node->src[1] == input_cpy && node->op == GGML_OP_ADD_ID) /* GGML_OP_ADD_ID weights are small and not worth splitting */
+                    )) {
+
+                    const int64_t n_expert   = node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID ? input->ne[2] : input->ne[1];
+                    const size_t expert_size = node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID ? input->nb[2] : input->nb[1];
+
                     ggml_backend_synchronize(input_backend);
-                    if (sched->events[split_backend_id][sched->cur_copy] != NULL) {
-                        ggml_backend_event_synchronize(sched->events[split_backend_id][sched->cur_copy]);
-                    } else {
-                        ggml_backend_synchronize(split_backend);
+
+                    // get the ids
+                    ggml_tensor * ids_tensor = node->src[2];
+                    ggml_backend_t ids_backend = split_backend;
+
+                    // if the ids tensor is also an input of the split, it may not have been copied yet to the split backend
+                    // in that case, we use the original ids tensor
+                    for (int i = input_id + 1; i < split->n_inputs; i++) {
+                        if (ids_tensor == tensor_copy(split->inputs[i], split_backend_id, sched->cur_copy)) {
+                            ids_tensor = split->inputs[i];
+                            ids_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, split->inputs[i]);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (ids_tensor != prev_ids_tensor) {
+                        ids.resize(ggml_nbytes(ids_tensor) / sizeof(int32_t));
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(ids_backend, ids_tensor, ids.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(ids_tensor));
+                        ggml_backend_synchronize(ids_backend);
+
+                        // find the used experts
+                        used_ids.clear();
+                        used_ids.resize(ggml_bitset_size(n_expert));
+                        for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ids_tensor->ne[1]; i1++) {
+                            for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ids_tensor->ne[0]; i0++) {
+                                int32_t id = ids[i1 * ids_tensor->nb[1]/sizeof(int32_t) + i0 * ids_tensor->nb[0]/sizeof(int32_t)];
+                                GGML_ASSERT(id >= 0 && id < n_expert);
+                                ggml_bitset_set(used_ids.data(), id);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        prev_ids_tensor = ids_tensor;
+                    }
+
+                    // group consecutive experts and copy them together
+                    auto copy_experts = [&](int32_t first_id, int32_t last_id) {
+                        const size_t expert_offset = first_id * expert_size;
+                        const size_t expert_size_copy =  (last_id - first_id + 1) * expert_size;
+                        const size_t padding = std::min<size_t>(expert_size, 512);
+                        const size_t padding_end = last_id < n_expert - 1 ? padding : 0;
+
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(split_backend,
+                            input_cpy,
+                            (const uint8_t *)input->data + expert_offset, expert_offset,
+                            // copy a bit extra at the to ensure there are no NaNs in the padding of the last expert
+                            // this is necessary for MMQ in the CUDA backend
+                            expert_size_copy + padding_end);
+                    };
+
+                    int id = 0;
+                    while (!ggml_bitset_get(used_ids.data(), id)) {
+                        id++;
+                    }
+                    int32_t first_id = id;
+                    int32_t last_id = first_id;
+
+                    for (++id; id < n_expert; ++id) {
+                        if (!ggml_bitset_get(used_ids.data(), id)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (id == last_id + 1) {
+                            last_id = id;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        copy_experts(first_id, last_id);
+
+                        first_id = id;
+                        last_id = id;
+                    }
+                    copy_experts(first_id, last_id);
+                } else {
+                    // try async copy, but if not possible, we can still use a sync copy without synchronizing the dst backend, since we handle the synchronization here with multiple copies and events
+                    // TODO: add public function to facilitate this, since applications do not have direct access to the backend interface
+                    if (!split_backend->iface.cpy_tensor_async || !split_backend->iface.cpy_tensor_async(input_backend, split_backend, input, input_cpy)) {
+                        ggml_backend_synchronize(input_backend);
+                        if (sched->events[split_backend_id][sched->cur_copy] != NULL) {
+                            ggml_backend_event_synchronize(sched->events[split_backend_id][sched->cur_copy]);
+                        } else {
+                            ggml_backend_synchronize(split_backend);
+                        }
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_copy(input, input_cpy);
                     }
-                    ggml_backend_tensor_copy(input, input_cpy);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1447,8 +1625,6 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_compute_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t s
         }
     }
 
-    sched->cur_copy = (sched->cur_copy + 1) % sched->n_copies;
-
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -1467,6 +1643,14 @@ ggml_backend_sched_t ggml_backend_sched_new(
 
     const char * GGML_SCHED_DEBUG = getenv("GGML_SCHED_DEBUG");
     sched->debug = GGML_SCHED_DEBUG ? atoi(GGML_SCHED_DEBUG) : 0;
+
+    sched->debug_realloc = 0;
+#ifdef GGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC
+    sched->debug_realloc = 1;
+#endif
+    const char * GGML_SCHED_DEBUG_REALLOC = getenv("GGML_SCHED_DEBUG_REALLOC");
+    sched->debug_realloc = GGML_SCHED_DEBUG_REALLOC ? atoi(GGML_SCHED_DEBUG_REALLOC) : sched->debug_realloc;
+
     sched->n_backends = n_backends;
     sched->n_copies = parallel ? GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES : 1;
 
@@ -1483,6 +1667,9 @@ ggml_backend_sched_t ggml_backend_sched_new(
     sched->prev_node_backend_ids = (int *) calloc(nodes_size, sizeof(sched->prev_node_backend_ids[0]));
     sched->prev_leaf_backend_ids = (int *) calloc(nodes_size, sizeof(sched->prev_leaf_backend_ids[0]));
 
+    sched->debug_graph_size = 0;
+    sched->debug_prev_graph_size = 0;
+
     sched->context_buffer_size = ggml_sched_max_splits*GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS*2*sizeof(struct ggml_tensor) + ggml_graph_overhead_custom(graph_size, false);
     sched->context_buffer = (char *) malloc(sched->context_buffer_size);
 
@@ -1536,6 +1723,7 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_free(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_reset(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     // reset state for the next run
     if (!sched->is_reset) {
         ggml_hash_set_reset(&sched->hash_set);
@@ -1546,13 +1734,28 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_reset(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
     sched->is_alloc = false;
 }
 
-bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * measure_graph) {
+void ggml_backend_sched_reserve_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * measure_graph, size_t * sizes) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= measure_graph->n_nodes + measure_graph->n_leafs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(sizes);
+
+    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
+
+    ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(sched);
 
     ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(sched, measure_graph);
 
+    ggml_gallocr_reserve_n_size(sched->galloc, &sched->graph, sched->node_backend_ids, sched->leaf_backend_ids, sizes);
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * measure_graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
+    GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= measure_graph->n_nodes + measure_graph->n_leafs);
+
     ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(sched);
 
+    ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(sched, measure_graph);
+
     if (!ggml_gallocr_reserve_n(sched->galloc, &sched->graph, sched->node_backend_ids, sched->leaf_backend_ids)) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -1563,7 +1766,12 @@ bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph *
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= graph->n_nodes + graph->n_leafs);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!sched->is_alloc);
+
+    sched->cur_copy = sched->next_copy;
+    sched->next_copy = (sched->next_copy + 1) % sched->n_copies;
 
     ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(sched, graph);
 
@@ -1583,6 +1791,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, st
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     if (!sched->is_reset && !sched->is_alloc) {
         ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
     }
@@ -1597,6 +1806,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_sched_t sch
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     for (int i = 0; i < sched->n_backends; i++) {
         ggml_backend_synchronize(sched->backends[i]);
     }
@@ -1604,33 +1814,47 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
         // if the graph is not already allocated, always use copy 0 after a synchronization
         // this ensures that during generation the same copy is used every time,
         // which avoids changes in the graph that could cause CUDA or other graphs to be disabled
-        sched->cur_copy = 0;
+        sched->next_copy = 0;
     }
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_set_eval_callback(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_sched_eval_callback callback, void * user_data) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     sched->callback_eval = callback;
     sched->callback_eval_user_data = user_data;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_splits;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_copies(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_copies;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_backends(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_backends;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, int i) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < sched->n_backends);
     return sched->backends[i];
 }
 
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
+    int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
+
+    return sched->bufts[backend_index];
+}
+
 size_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
 
@@ -1638,6 +1862,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backe
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
     tensor_backend_id(node) = backend_index;
@@ -1646,6 +1871,7 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = tensor_backend_id(node);
     if (backend_index == -1) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1656,6 +1882,7 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched,
 // utils
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_view_init(struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->buffer == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src != NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer != NULL);
@@ -1667,6 +1894,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_view_init(struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_tensor_alloc(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * addr) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->buffer == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src == NULL);
@@ -1696,6 +1924,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * graph_copy_dup_tensor(struct ggml_hash_set hash_set,
         dst->view_offs = src->view_offs;
     }
     dst->op = src->op;
+    dst->flags = src->flags;
     memcpy(dst->op_params, src->op_params, sizeof(dst->op_params));
     ggml_set_name(dst, src->name);
 
@@ -1740,6 +1969,7 @@ static void graph_copy_init_tensor(struct ggml_hash_set * hash_set, struct ggml_
 }
 
 struct ggml_backend_graph_copy ggml_backend_graph_copy(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(graph);
     struct ggml_hash_set hash_set = ggml_hash_set_new(graph->visited_hash_set.size);
     struct ggml_tensor ** node_copies = (ggml_tensor **) calloc(hash_set.size, sizeof(node_copies[0])); // NOLINT
     bool * node_init = (bool *) calloc(hash_set.size, sizeof(node_init[0]));
@@ -1826,7 +2056,7 @@ void ggml_backend_graph_copy_free(struct ggml_backend_graph_copy copy) {
     ggml_free(copy.ctx_unallocated);
 }
 
-bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t backend2, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, ggml_backend_eval_callback callback, void * user_data) {
+bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t backend2, struct ggml_cgraph * graph, ggml_backend_eval_callback callback, void * user_data, struct ggml_tensor const * const * test_nodes, size_t num_test_nodes) {
     struct ggml_backend_graph_copy copy = ggml_backend_graph_copy(backend2, graph);
     if (copy.buffer == NULL) {
         return false;
@@ -1837,28 +2067,45 @@ bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t
 
     assert(g1->n_nodes == g2->n_nodes);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < g1->n_nodes; i++) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * t1 = g1->nodes[i];
-        struct ggml_tensor * t2 = g2->nodes[i];
+    if (num_test_nodes != 0) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(test_nodes);
+        // Compute the whole graph and only test the output for specific tensors
+        ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend1, g1);
+        ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend2, g2);
+
+        bool verified = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < g1->n_nodes; i++) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < num_test_nodes; ++j) {
+                if (g1->nodes[i] == test_nodes[j]) {
+                    callback(i, g1->nodes[i], g2->nodes[i], user_data);
+                    verified = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(verified);
+    } else {
+        for (int i = 0; i < g1->n_nodes; i++) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * t1 = g1->nodes[i];
+            struct ggml_tensor * t2 = g2->nodes[i];
 
-        assert(t1->op == t2->op && ggml_are_same_layout(t1, t2));
+            assert(t1->op == t2->op && ggml_are_same_layout(t1, t2));
 
-        struct ggml_cgraph g1v = ggml_graph_view(g1, i, i + 1);
-        struct ggml_cgraph g2v = ggml_graph_view(g2, i, i + 1);
+            struct ggml_cgraph g1v = ggml_graph_view(g1, i, i + 1);
+            struct ggml_cgraph g2v = ggml_graph_view(g2, i, i + 1);
 
-        ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend1, &g1v);
-        ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend2, &g2v);
+            ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend1, &g1v);
+            ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend2, &g2v);
 
-        if (ggml_is_view_op(t1->op)) {
-            continue;
-        }
+            if (ggml_is_view_op(t1->op)) {
+                continue;
+            }
 
-        // compare results, calculate rms etc
-        if (!callback(i, t1, t2, user_data)) {
-            break;
+            // compare results, calculate rms etc
+            if (!callback(i, t1, t2, user_data)) {
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
-
     ggml_backend_graph_copy_free(copy);
 
     return true;
@@ -1867,6 +2114,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t
 // CPU backend - buffer
 
 static void * ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     uintptr_t data = (uintptr_t)buffer->context;
 
     // align the buffer
@@ -1878,28 +2126,33 @@ static void * ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_aligned_free(buffer->context, buffer->size);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memset((char *)tensor->data + offset, value, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src);
     if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
         memcpy(dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src));
         return true;
@@ -1910,6 +2163,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, con
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     memset(buffer->context, value, buffer->size);
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-blas/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-blas/CMakeLists.txt
index 76064c3fd1f..c27dc174c00 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-blas/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-blas/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -32,14 +32,12 @@ if (BLAS_FOUND)
                 pkg_check_modules(DepBLAS openblas)
             endif()
         elseif (${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR} MATCHES "FLAME")
-            add_compile_definitions(GGML_BLAS_USE_BLIS)
             pkg_check_modules(DepBLAS blis)
         elseif (${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR} MATCHES "ATLAS")
             pkg_check_modules(DepBLAS blas-atlas)
         elseif (${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR} MATCHES "FlexiBLAS")
             pkg_check_modules(DepBLAS flexiblas_api)
         elseif (${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR} MATCHES "Intel")
-            add_compile_definitions(GGML_BLAS_USE_MKL)
             # all Intel* libraries share the same include path
             pkg_check_modules(DepBLAS mkl-sdl)
         elseif (${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR} MATCHES "NVHPC")
@@ -74,12 +72,28 @@ if (BLAS_FOUND)
 
     target_compile_options(ggml-blas PRIVATE ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
 
-    if (${BLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS} MATCHES "mkl" AND (${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR} MATCHES "Generic" OR ${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR} MATCHES "Intel"))
+    if ("${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" STREQUAL "")
+        message(WARNING "GGML_BLAS_VENDOR is not set; some methods may not link properly.")
+    endif()
+
+    if ("${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "Intel" OR ("${BLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS}" MATCHES "mkl" AND "${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "Generic"))
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_BLAS_USE_MKL)
     endif()
 
+    if ("${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "OpenBLAS")
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_BLAS_USE_OPENBLAS)
+    endif()
+
+    if ("${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "FLAME" OR "${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "AOCL" OR "${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "AOCL_mt")
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_BLAS_USE_BLIS)
+    endif()
+
+    if ("${GGML_BLAS_VENDOR}" MATCHES "NVPL")
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_BLAS_USE_NVPL)
+    endif()
+
     target_link_libraries     (ggml-blas PRIVATE ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
-    target_include_directories(ggml-blas PRIVATE ${BLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    target_include_directories(ggml-blas SYSTEM PRIVATE ${BLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 else()
     message(FATAL_ERROR "BLAS not found, please refer to "
                         "https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FindBLAS.html#blas-lapack-vendors"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-blas/ggml-blas.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-blas/ggml-blas.cpp
index ec158dfac6e..5de64b816fc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-blas/ggml-blas.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-blas/ggml-blas.cpp
@@ -115,15 +115,11 @@ static void ggml_backend_blas_mul_mat(ggml_backend_blas_context * ctx, struct gg
 #endif
     }
 
-#if defined(OPENBLAS_VERSION)
+#if defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_OPENBLAS)
     openblas_set_num_threads(ctx->n_threads);
-#endif
-
-#if defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_BLIS)
+#elif defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_BLIS)
     bli_thread_set_num_threads(ctx->n_threads);
-#endif
-
-#if defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_NVPL)
+#elif defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_NVPL)
     nvpl_blas_set_num_threads(ctx->n_threads);
 #endif
 
@@ -230,6 +226,10 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_blas_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
     for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
         struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
 
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         switch (node->op) {
             case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
                 ggml_backend_blas_mul_mat(ctx, node);
@@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ static struct ggml_backend_i blas_backend_i = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_blas_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
     /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_blas_guid(void) {
@@ -281,13 +282,13 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_blas_init(void) {
     ggml_backend_blas_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_blas_context;
 
     ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_blas_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ blas_backend_i,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_blas_reg(), 0),
-        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_blas_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ blas_backend_i,
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_blas_reg(), 0),
+        /* .context = */ ctx,
     };
 
-#if defined(OPENBLAS_VERSION) && defined(GGML_USE_OPENMP)
+#if defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_OPENBLAS) && defined(GGML_USE_OPENMP)
     if (openblas_get_parallel() != OPENBLAS_OPENMP) {
         GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: warning: ggml is using OpenMP, but OpenBLAS was compiled without OpenMP support\n", __func__);
     }
@@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_blas_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t
         return "BLIS";
     #elif defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_NVPL)
         return "NVPL";
-    #elif defined(OPENBLAS_VERSION)
+    #elif defined(GGML_BLAS_USE_OPENBLAS)
         return "OpenBLAS";
     #else
         return "BLAS";
@@ -338,8 +339,8 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_blas_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_blas_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    // TODO
-    *free = 0;
+    // no memory to report
+    *free  = 0;
     *total = 0;
 
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/CMakeLists.txt
index 7742b39153f..aee5e7b06e5 100755
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+[a-zA-Z]" SOC_TYPE_MAJOR_SN "${SOC_VERSION}")
 set(SOC_TYPE_COMPILE_OPTION "ASCEND_${SOC_TYPE_MAJOR_SN}")
 string(TOUPPER ${SOC_TYPE_COMPILE_OPTION} SOC_TYPE_COMPILE_OPTION)
 message(STATUS "CANN: SOC_VERSION =  ${SOC_VERSION}")
+option(USE_ACL_GRAPH "Enable CANN graph execution (ACL graph mode)" OFF)
+
+if(USE_ACL_GRAPH AND (SOC_TYPE_MAJOR_SN STREQUAL "310P" OR SOC_TYPE_COMPILE_OPTION STREQUAL "ASCEND_310P"))
+    message(FATAL_ERROR
+        "CANN Graph (ACL graph mode) is not supported on 310P devices. "
+        "Please build with -DUSE_ACL_GRAPH=OFF or use a supported SOC.")
+endif()
 
 if (CANN_INSTALL_DIR)
     # Only Support Linux.
@@ -68,6 +75,13 @@ if (CANN_INSTALL_DIR)
 
     target_compile_definitions(ggml-cann PRIVATE "-D${SOC_TYPE_COMPILE_OPTION}")
 
+    if (USE_ACL_GRAPH)
+        target_compile_definitions(ggml-cann PRIVATE USE_ACL_GRAPH)
+        message(STATUS "CANN: USE_ACL_GRAPH is enabled.")
+    else()
+        message(STATUS "CANN: USE_ACL_GRAPH is disabled.")
+    endif()
+
     message(STATUS "CANN: CANN_INCLUDE_DIRS =  ${CANN_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
     message(STATUS "CANN: CANN_LIBRARIES =  ${CANN_LIBRARIES}")
 else()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/Doxyfile b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/Doxyfile
deleted file mode 100755
index 3290a485930..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/Doxyfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2579 +0,0 @@
-# Doxyfile 1.8.17
-
-# This file describes the settings to be used by the documentation system
-# doxygen (www.doxygen.org) for a project.
-#
-# All text after a double hash (##) is considered a comment and is placed in
-# front of the TAG it is preceding.
-#
-# All text after a single hash (#) is considered a comment and will be ignored.
-# The format is:
-# TAG = value [value, ...]
-# For lists, items can also be appended using:
-# TAG += value [value, ...]
-# Values that contain spaces should be placed between quotes (\" \").
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Project related configuration options
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# This tag specifies the encoding used for all characters in the configuration
-# file that follow. The default is UTF-8 which is also the encoding used for all
-# text before the first occurrence of this tag. Doxygen uses libiconv (or the
-# iconv built into libc) for the transcoding. See
-# https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/ for the list of possible encodings.
-# The default value is: UTF-8.
-
-DOXYFILE_ENCODING      = UTF-8
-
-# The PROJECT_NAME tag is a single word (or a sequence of words surrounded by
-# double-quotes, unless you are using Doxywizard) that should identify the
-# project for which the documentation is generated. This name is used in the
-# title of most generated pages and in a few other places.
-# The default value is: My Project.
-
-PROJECT_NAME           = "ggml"
-
-# The PROJECT_NUMBER tag can be used to enter a project or revision number. This
-# could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
-# control system is used.
-
-PROJECT_NUMBER         =
-
-# Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
-# for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
-# quick idea about the purpose of the project. Keep the description short.
-
-PROJECT_BRIEF          = "Tensor library for machine learning"
-
-# With the PROJECT_LOGO tag one can specify a logo or an icon that is included
-# in the documentation. The maximum height of the logo should not exceed 55
-# pixels and the maximum width should not exceed 200 pixels. Doxygen will copy
-# the logo to the output directory.
-
-PROJECT_LOGO           =
-
-# The OUTPUT_DIRECTORY tag is used to specify the (relative or absolute) path
-# into which the generated documentation will be written. If a relative path is
-# entered, it will be relative to the location where doxygen was started. If
-# left blank the current directory will be used.
-
-OUTPUT_DIRECTORY       = docs
-
-# If the CREATE_SUBDIRS tag is set to YES then doxygen will create 4096 sub-
-# directories (in 2 levels) under the output directory of each output format and
-# will distribute the generated files over these directories. Enabling this
-# option can be useful when feeding doxygen a huge amount of source files, where
-# putting all generated files in the same directory would otherwise causes
-# performance problems for the file system.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-CREATE_SUBDIRS         = NO
-
-# If the ALLOW_UNICODE_NAMES tag is set to YES, doxygen will allow non-ASCII
-# characters to appear in the names of generated files. If set to NO, non-ASCII
-# characters will be escaped, for example _xE3_x81_x84 will be used for Unicode
-# U+3044.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-ALLOW_UNICODE_NAMES    = NO
-
-# The OUTPUT_LANGUAGE tag is used to specify the language in which all
-# documentation generated by doxygen is written. Doxygen will use this
-# information to generate all constant output in the proper language.
-# Possible values are: Afrikaans, Arabic, Armenian, Brazilian, Catalan, Chinese,
-# Chinese-Traditional, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (United States),
-# Esperanto, Farsi (Persian), Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian,
-# Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Japanese-en (Japanese with English messages),
-# Korean, Korean-en (Korean with English messages), Latvian, Lithuanian,
-# Macedonian, Norwegian, Persian (Farsi), Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian,
-# Serbian, Serbian-Cyrillic, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish,
-# Ukrainian and Vietnamese.
-# The default value is: English.
-
-OUTPUT_LANGUAGE        = English
-
-# The OUTPUT_TEXT_DIRECTION tag is used to specify the direction in which all
-# documentation generated by doxygen is written. Doxygen will use this
-# information to generate all generated output in the proper direction.
-# Possible values are: None, LTR, RTL and Context.
-# The default value is: None.
-
-OUTPUT_TEXT_DIRECTION  = None
-
-# If the BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC tag is set to YES, doxygen will include brief member
-# descriptions after the members that are listed in the file and class
-# documentation (similar to Javadoc). Set to NO to disable this.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC      = YES
-
-# If the REPEAT_BRIEF tag is set to YES, doxygen will prepend the brief
-# description of a member or function before the detailed description
-#
-# Note: If both HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS and BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC are set to NO, the
-# brief descriptions will be completely suppressed.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-REPEAT_BRIEF           = YES
-
-# This tag implements a quasi-intelligent brief description abbreviator that is
-# used to form the text in various listings. Each string in this list, if found
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-# following values are used ($name is automatically replaced with the name of
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-# specifies, contains, represents, a, an and the.
-
-ABBREVIATE_BRIEF       = "The $name class" \
-                         "The $name widget" \
-                         "The $name file" \
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-                         specifies \
-                         contains \
-                         represents \
-                         a \
-                         an \
-                         the
-
-# If the ALWAYS_DETAILED_SEC and REPEAT_BRIEF tags are both set to YES then
-# doxygen will generate a detailed section even if there is only a brief
-# description.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-ALWAYS_DETAILED_SEC    = NO
-
-# If the INLINE_INHERITED_MEMB tag is set to YES, doxygen will show all
-# inherited members of a class in the documentation of that class as if those
-# members were ordinary class members. Constructors, destructors and assignment
-# operators of the base classes will not be shown.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-INLINE_INHERITED_MEMB  = NO
-
-# If the FULL_PATH_NAMES tag is set to YES, doxygen will prepend the full path
-# before files name in the file list and in the header files. If set to NO the
-# shortest path that makes the file name unique will be used
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-FULL_PATH_NAMES        = YES
-
-# The STRIP_FROM_PATH tag can be used to strip a user-defined part of the path.
-# Stripping is only done if one of the specified strings matches the left-hand
-# part of the path. The tag can be used to show relative paths in the file list.
-# If left blank the directory from which doxygen is run is used as the path to
-# strip.
-#
-# Note that you can specify absolute paths here, but also relative paths, which
-# will be relative from the directory where doxygen is started.
-# This tag requires that the tag FULL_PATH_NAMES is set to YES.
-
-STRIP_FROM_PATH        =
-
-# The STRIP_FROM_INC_PATH tag can be used to strip a user-defined part of the
-# path mentioned in the documentation of a class, which tells the reader which
-# header file to include in order to use a class. If left blank only the name of
-# the header file containing the class definition is used. Otherwise one should
-# specify the list of include paths that are normally passed to the compiler
-# using the -I flag.
-
-STRIP_FROM_INC_PATH    =
-
-# If the SHORT_NAMES tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate much shorter (but
-# less readable) file names. This can be useful is your file systems doesn't
-# support long names like on DOS, Mac, or CD-ROM.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SHORT_NAMES            = NO
-
-# If the JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF tag is set to YES then doxygen will interpret the
-# first line (until the first dot) of a Javadoc-style comment as the brief
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-# style comments (thus requiring an explicit @brief command for a brief
-# description.)
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF      = NO
-
-# If the JAVADOC_BANNER tag is set to YES then doxygen will interpret a line
-# such as
-# /***************
-# as being the beginning of a Javadoc-style comment "banner". If set to NO, the
-# Javadoc-style will behave just like regular comments and it will not be
-# interpreted by doxygen.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-JAVADOC_BANNER         = NO
-
-# If the QT_AUTOBRIEF tag is set to YES then doxygen will interpret the first
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-# set to NO, the Qt-style will behave just like regular Qt-style comments (thus
-# requiring an explicit \brief command for a brief description.)
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-QT_AUTOBRIEF           = NO
-
-# The MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF tag can be set to YES to make doxygen treat a
-# multi-line C++ special comment block (i.e. a block of //! or /// comments) as
-# a brief description. This used to be the default behavior. The new default is
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-# tag to YES if you prefer the old behavior instead.
-#
-# Note that setting this tag to YES also means that rational rose comments are
-# not recognized any more.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF = NO
-
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-# documentation from any documented member that it re-implements.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-INHERIT_DOCS           = YES
-
-# If the SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES tag is set to YES then doxygen will produce a new
-# page for each member. If set to NO, the documentation of a member will be part
-# of the file/class/namespace that contains it.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES  = NO
-
-# The TAB_SIZE tag can be used to set the number of spaces in a tab. Doxygen
-# uses this value to replace tabs by spaces in code fragments.
-# Minimum value: 1, maximum value: 16, default value: 4.
-
-TAB_SIZE               = 4
-
-# This tag can be used to specify a number of aliases that act as commands in
-# the documentation. An alias has the form:
-# name=value
-# For example adding
-# "sideeffect=@par Side Effects:\n"
-# will allow you to put the command \sideeffect (or @sideeffect) in the
-# documentation, which will result in a user-defined paragraph with heading
-# "Side Effects:". You can put \n's in the value part of an alias to insert
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-# commands \{ and \} for these it is advised to use the version @{ and @} or use
-# a double escape (\\{ and \\})
-
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-
-TCL_SUBST              =
-
-# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C tag to YES if your project consists of C sources
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-# instance, some of the names that are used will be different. The list of all
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-# The default value is: NO.
-
-OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C  = NO
-
-# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA tag to YES if your project consists of Java or
-# Python sources only. Doxygen will then generate output that is more tailored
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-# qualified scopes will look different, etc.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA   = NO
-
-# Set the OPTIMIZE_FOR_FORTRAN tag to YES if your project consists of Fortran
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-# The default value is: NO.
-
-OPTIMIZE_FOR_FORTRAN   = NO
-
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-# The default value is: NO.
-
-OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_VHDL   = NO
-
-# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_SLICE tag to YES if your project consists of Slice
-# sources only. Doxygen will then generate output that is more tailored for that
-# language. For instance, namespaces will be presented as modules, types will be
-# separated into more groups, etc.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_SLICE  = NO
-
-# Doxygen selects the parser to use depending on the extension of the files it
-# parses. With this tag you can assign which parser to use for a given
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-# using this tag. The format is ext=language, where ext is a file extension, and
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-# tries to guess whether the code is fixed or free formatted code, this is the
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-# .inc files as Fortran files (default is PHP), and .f files as C (default is
-# Fortran), use: inc=Fortran f=C.
-#
-# Note: For files without extension you can use no_extension as a placeholder.
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-# Note that for custom extensions you also need to set FILE_PATTERNS otherwise
-# the files are not read by doxygen.
-
-EXTENSION_MAPPING      =
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-# If the MARKDOWN_SUPPORT tag is enabled then doxygen pre-processes all comments
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-# mix doxygen, HTML, and XML commands with Markdown formatting. Disable only in
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-
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-# Note: This feature currently applies only to Markdown headings.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 99, default value: 5.
-# This tag requires that the tag MARKDOWN_SUPPORT is set to YES.
-
-TOC_INCLUDE_HEADINGS   = 5
-
-# When enabled doxygen tries to link words that correspond to documented
-# classes, or namespaces to their corresponding documentation. Such a link can
-# be prevented in individual cases by putting a % sign in front of the word or
-# globally by setting AUTOLINK_SUPPORT to NO.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-AUTOLINK_SUPPORT       = YES
-
-# If you use STL classes (i.e. std::string, std::vector, etc.) but do not want
-# to include (a tag file for) the STL sources as input, then you should set this
-# tag to YES in order to let doxygen match functions declarations and
-# definitions whose arguments contain STL classes (e.g. func(std::string);
-# versus func(std::string) {}). This also make the inheritance and collaboration
-# diagrams that involve STL classes more complete and accurate.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-BUILTIN_STL_SUPPORT    = NO
-
-# If you use Microsoft's C++/CLI language, you should set this option to YES to
-# enable parsing support.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-CPP_CLI_SUPPORT        = NO
-
-# Set the SIP_SUPPORT tag to YES if your project consists of sip (see:
-# https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/software/sip/intro) sources only. Doxygen
-# will parse them like normal C++ but will assume all classes use public instead
-# of private inheritance when no explicit protection keyword is present.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SIP_SUPPORT            = NO
-
-# For Microsoft's IDL there are propget and propput attributes to indicate
-# getter and setter methods for a property. Setting this option to YES will make
-# doxygen to replace the get and set methods by a property in the documentation.
-# This will only work if the methods are indeed getting or setting a simple
-# type. If this is not the case, or you want to show the methods anyway, you
-# should set this option to NO.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-IDL_PROPERTY_SUPPORT   = YES
-
-# If member grouping is used in the documentation and the DISTRIBUTE_GROUP_DOC
-# tag is set to YES then doxygen will reuse the documentation of the first
-# member in the group (if any) for the other members of the group. By default
-# all members of a group must be documented explicitly.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-DISTRIBUTE_GROUP_DOC   = NO
-
-# If one adds a struct or class to a group and this option is enabled, then also
-# any nested class or struct is added to the same group. By default this option
-# is disabled and one has to add nested compounds explicitly via \ingroup.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-GROUP_NESTED_COMPOUNDS = NO
-
-# Set the SUBGROUPING tag to YES to allow class member groups of the same type
-# (for instance a group of public functions) to be put as a subgroup of that
-# type (e.g. under the Public Functions section). Set it to NO to prevent
-# subgrouping. Alternatively, this can be done per class using the
-# \nosubgrouping command.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-SUBGROUPING            = YES
-
-# When the INLINE_GROUPED_CLASSES tag is set to YES, classes, structs and unions
-# are shown inside the group in which they are included (e.g. using \ingroup)
-# instead of on a separate page (for HTML and Man pages) or section (for LaTeX
-# and RTF).
-#
-# Note that this feature does not work in combination with
-# SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-INLINE_GROUPED_CLASSES = NO
-
-# When the INLINE_SIMPLE_STRUCTS tag is set to YES, structs, classes, and unions
-# with only public data fields or simple typedef fields will be shown inline in
-# the documentation of the scope in which they are defined (i.e. file,
-# namespace, or group documentation), provided this scope is documented. If set
-# to NO, structs, classes, and unions are shown on a separate page (for HTML and
-# Man pages) or section (for LaTeX and RTF).
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-INLINE_SIMPLE_STRUCTS  = NO
-
-# When TYPEDEF_HIDES_STRUCT tag is enabled, a typedef of a struct, union, or
-# enum is documented as struct, union, or enum with the name of the typedef. So
-# typedef struct TypeS {} TypeT, will appear in the documentation as a struct
-# with name TypeT. When disabled the typedef will appear as a member of a file,
-# namespace, or class. And the struct will be named TypeS. This can typically be
-# useful for C code in case the coding convention dictates that all compound
-# types are typedef'ed and only the typedef is referenced, never the tag name.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-TYPEDEF_HIDES_STRUCT   = NO
-
-# The size of the symbol lookup cache can be set using LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE. This
-# cache is used to resolve symbols given their name and scope. Since this can be
-# an expensive process and often the same symbol appears multiple times in the
-# code, doxygen keeps a cache of pre-resolved symbols. If the cache is too small
-# doxygen will become slower. If the cache is too large, memory is wasted. The
-# cache size is given by this formula: 2^(16+LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE). The valid range
-# is 0..9, the default is 0, corresponding to a cache size of 2^16=65536
-# symbols. At the end of a run doxygen will report the cache usage and suggest
-# the optimal cache size from a speed point of view.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 9, default value: 0.
-
-LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE      = 0
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Build related configuration options
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the EXTRACT_ALL tag is set to YES, doxygen will assume all entities in
-# documentation are documented, even if no documentation was available. Private
-# class members and static file members will be hidden unless the
-# EXTRACT_PRIVATE respectively EXTRACT_STATIC tags are set to YES.
-# Note: This will also disable the warnings about undocumented members that are
-# normally produced when WARNINGS is set to YES.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXTRACT_ALL            = YES
-
-# If the EXTRACT_PRIVATE tag is set to YES, all private members of a class will
-# be included in the documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXTRACT_PRIVATE        = YES
-
-# If the EXTRACT_PRIV_VIRTUAL tag is set to YES, documented private virtual
-# methods of a class will be included in the documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXTRACT_PRIV_VIRTUAL   = YES
-
-# If the EXTRACT_PACKAGE tag is set to YES, all members with package or internal
-# scope will be included in the documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXTRACT_PACKAGE        = YES
-
-# If the EXTRACT_STATIC tag is set to YES, all static members of a file will be
-# included in the documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXTRACT_STATIC         = YES
-
-# If the EXTRACT_LOCAL_CLASSES tag is set to YES, classes (and structs) defined
-# locally in source files will be included in the documentation. If set to NO,
-# only classes defined in header files are included. Does not have any effect
-# for Java sources.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-EXTRACT_LOCAL_CLASSES  = YES
-
-# This flag is only useful for Objective-C code. If set to YES, local methods,
-# which are defined in the implementation section but not in the interface are
-# included in the documentation. If set to NO, only methods in the interface are
-# included.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXTRACT_LOCAL_METHODS  = YES
-
-# If this flag is set to YES, the members of anonymous namespaces will be
-# extracted and appear in the documentation as a namespace called
-# 'anonymous_namespace{file}', where file will be replaced with the base name of
-# the file that contains the anonymous namespace. By default anonymous namespace
-# are hidden.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXTRACT_ANON_NSPACES   = NO
-
-# If the HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide all
-# undocumented members inside documented classes or files. If set to NO these
-# members will be included in the various overviews, but no documentation
-# section is generated. This option has no effect if EXTRACT_ALL is enabled.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS     = NO
-
-# If the HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide all
-# undocumented classes that are normally visible in the class hierarchy. If set
-# to NO, these classes will be included in the various overviews. This option
-# has no effect if EXTRACT_ALL is enabled.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES     = NO
-
-# If the HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide all friend
-# declarations. If set to NO, these declarations will be included in the
-# documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS  = NO
-
-# If the HIDE_IN_BODY_DOCS tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide any
-# documentation blocks found inside the body of a function. If set to NO, these
-# blocks will be appended to the function's detailed documentation block.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-HIDE_IN_BODY_DOCS      = NO
-
-# The INTERNAL_DOCS tag determines if documentation that is typed after a
-# \internal command is included. If the tag is set to NO then the documentation
-# will be excluded. Set it to YES to include the internal documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-INTERNAL_DOCS          = NO
-
-# If the CASE_SENSE_NAMES tag is set to NO then doxygen will only generate file
-# names in lower-case letters. If set to YES, upper-case letters are also
-# allowed. This is useful if you have classes or files whose names only differ
-# in case and if your file system supports case sensitive file names. Windows
-# (including Cygwin) ands Mac users are advised to set this option to NO.
-# The default value is: system dependent.
-
-CASE_SENSE_NAMES       = YES
-
-# If the HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES tag is set to NO then doxygen will show members with
-# their full class and namespace scopes in the documentation. If set to YES, the
-# scope will be hidden.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES       = NO
-
-# If the HIDE_COMPOUND_REFERENCE tag is set to NO (default) then doxygen will
-# append additional text to a page's title, such as Class Reference. If set to
-# YES the compound reference will be hidden.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-HIDE_COMPOUND_REFERENCE= NO
-
-# If the SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES tag is set to YES then doxygen will put a list of
-# the files that are included by a file in the documentation of that file.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES     = YES
-
-# If the SHOW_GROUPED_MEMB_INC tag is set to YES then Doxygen will add for each
-# grouped member an include statement to the documentation, telling the reader
-# which file to include in order to use the member.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SHOW_GROUPED_MEMB_INC  = NO
-
-# If the FORCE_LOCAL_INCLUDES tag is set to YES then doxygen will list include
-# files with double quotes in the documentation rather than with sharp brackets.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-FORCE_LOCAL_INCLUDES   = NO
-
-# If the INLINE_INFO tag is set to YES then a tag [inline] is inserted in the
-# documentation for inline members.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-INLINE_INFO            = YES
-
-# If the SORT_MEMBER_DOCS tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the
-# (detailed) documentation of file and class members alphabetically by member
-# name. If set to NO, the members will appear in declaration order.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-SORT_MEMBER_DOCS       = YES
-
-# If the SORT_BRIEF_DOCS tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the brief
-# descriptions of file, namespace and class members alphabetically by member
-# name. If set to NO, the members will appear in declaration order. Note that
-# this will also influence the order of the classes in the class list.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SORT_BRIEF_DOCS        = NO
-
-# If the SORT_MEMBERS_CTORS_1ST tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the
-# (brief and detailed) documentation of class members so that constructors and
-# destructors are listed first. If set to NO the constructors will appear in the
-# respective orders defined by SORT_BRIEF_DOCS and SORT_MEMBER_DOCS.
-# Note: If SORT_BRIEF_DOCS is set to NO this option is ignored for sorting brief
-# member documentation.
-# Note: If SORT_MEMBER_DOCS is set to NO this option is ignored for sorting
-# detailed member documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SORT_MEMBERS_CTORS_1ST = NO
-
-# If the SORT_GROUP_NAMES tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the hierarchy
-# of group names into alphabetical order. If set to NO the group names will
-# appear in their defined order.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SORT_GROUP_NAMES       = NO
-
-# If the SORT_BY_SCOPE_NAME tag is set to YES, the class list will be sorted by
-# fully-qualified names, including namespaces. If set to NO, the class list will
-# be sorted only by class name, not including the namespace part.
-# Note: This option is not very useful if HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES is set to YES.
-# Note: This option applies only to the class list, not to the alphabetical
-# list.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SORT_BY_SCOPE_NAME     = NO
-
-# If the STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING option is enabled and doxygen fails to do proper
-# type resolution of all parameters of a function it will reject a match between
-# the prototype and the implementation of a member function even if there is
-# only one candidate or it is obvious which candidate to choose by doing a
-# simple string match. By disabling STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING doxygen will still
-# accept a match between prototype and implementation in such cases.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING  = NO
-
-# The GENERATE_TODOLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO) the todo
-# list. This list is created by putting \todo commands in the documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-GENERATE_TODOLIST      = YES
-
-# The GENERATE_TESTLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO) the test
-# list. This list is created by putting \test commands in the documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-GENERATE_TESTLIST      = YES
-
-# The GENERATE_BUGLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO) the bug
-# list. This list is created by putting \bug commands in the documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-GENERATE_BUGLIST       = YES
-
-# The GENERATE_DEPRECATEDLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO)
-# the deprecated list. This list is created by putting \deprecated commands in
-# the documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-GENERATE_DEPRECATEDLIST= YES
-
-# The ENABLED_SECTIONS tag can be used to enable conditional documentation
-# sections, marked by \if <section_label> ... \endif and \cond <section_label>
-# ... \endcond blocks.
-
-ENABLED_SECTIONS       =
-
-# The MAX_INITIALIZER_LINES tag determines the maximum number of lines that the
-# initial value of a variable or macro / define can have for it to appear in the
-# documentation. If the initializer consists of more lines than specified here
-# it will be hidden. Use a value of 0 to hide initializers completely. The
-# appearance of the value of individual variables and macros / defines can be
-# controlled using \showinitializer or \hideinitializer command in the
-# documentation regardless of this setting.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 10000, default value: 30.
-
-MAX_INITIALIZER_LINES  = 30
-
-# Set the SHOW_USED_FILES tag to NO to disable the list of files generated at
-# the bottom of the documentation of classes and structs. If set to YES, the
-# list will mention the files that were used to generate the documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-SHOW_USED_FILES        = YES
-
-# Set the SHOW_FILES tag to NO to disable the generation of the Files page. This
-# will remove the Files entry from the Quick Index and from the Folder Tree View
-# (if specified).
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-SHOW_FILES             = YES
-
-# Set the SHOW_NAMESPACES tag to NO to disable the generation of the Namespaces
-# page. This will remove the Namespaces entry from the Quick Index and from the
-# Folder Tree View (if specified).
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-SHOW_NAMESPACES        = YES
-
-# The FILE_VERSION_FILTER tag can be used to specify a program or script that
-# doxygen should invoke to get the current version for each file (typically from
-# the version control system). Doxygen will invoke the program by executing (via
-# popen()) the command command input-file, where command is the value of the
-# FILE_VERSION_FILTER tag, and input-file is the name of an input file provided
-# by doxygen. Whatever the program writes to standard output is used as the file
-# version. For an example see the documentation.
-
-FILE_VERSION_FILTER    =
-
-# The LAYOUT_FILE tag can be used to specify a layout file which will be parsed
-# by doxygen. The layout file controls the global structure of the generated
-# output files in an output format independent way. To create the layout file
-# that represents doxygen's defaults, run doxygen with the -l option. You can
-# optionally specify a file name after the option, if omitted DoxygenLayout.xml
-# will be used as the name of the layout file.
-#
-# Note that if you run doxygen from a directory containing a file called
-# DoxygenLayout.xml, doxygen will parse it automatically even if the LAYOUT_FILE
-# tag is left empty.
-
-LAYOUT_FILE            =
-
-# The CITE_BIB_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more bib files containing
-# the reference definitions. This must be a list of .bib files. The .bib
-# extension is automatically appended if omitted. This requires the bibtex tool
-# to be installed. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX for more info.
-# For LaTeX the style of the bibliography can be controlled using
-# LATEX_BIB_STYLE. To use this feature you need bibtex and perl available in the
-# search path. See also \cite for info how to create references.
-
-CITE_BIB_FILES         =
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to warning and progress messages
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# The QUIET tag can be used to turn on/off the messages that are generated to
-# standard output by doxygen. If QUIET is set to YES this implies that the
-# messages are off.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-QUIET                  = NO
-
-# The WARNINGS tag can be used to turn on/off the warning messages that are
-# generated to standard error (stderr) by doxygen. If WARNINGS is set to YES
-# this implies that the warnings are on.
-#
-# Tip: Turn warnings on while writing the documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-WARNINGS               = YES
-
-# If the WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate
-# warnings for undocumented members. If EXTRACT_ALL is set to YES then this flag
-# will automatically be disabled.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED   = YES
-
-# If the WARN_IF_DOC_ERROR tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate warnings for
-# potential errors in the documentation, such as not documenting some parameters
-# in a documented function, or documenting parameters that don't exist or using
-# markup commands wrongly.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-WARN_IF_DOC_ERROR      = YES
-
-# This WARN_NO_PARAMDOC option can be enabled to get warnings for functions that
-# are documented, but have no documentation for their parameters or return
-# value. If set to NO, doxygen will only warn about wrong or incomplete
-# parameter documentation, but not about the absence of documentation. If
-# EXTRACT_ALL is set to YES then this flag will automatically be disabled.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-WARN_NO_PARAMDOC       = NO
-
-# If the WARN_AS_ERROR tag is set to YES then doxygen will immediately stop when
-# a warning is encountered.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-WARN_AS_ERROR          = NO
-
-# The WARN_FORMAT tag determines the format of the warning messages that doxygen
-# can produce. The string should contain the $file, $line, and $text tags, which
-# will be replaced by the file and line number from which the warning originated
-# and the warning text. Optionally the format may contain $version, which will
-# be replaced by the version of the file (if it could be obtained via
-# FILE_VERSION_FILTER)
-# The default value is: $file:$line: $text.
-
-WARN_FORMAT            = "$file:$line: $text"
-
-# The WARN_LOGFILE tag can be used to specify a file to which warning and error
-# messages should be written. If left blank the output is written to standard
-# error (stderr).
-
-WARN_LOGFILE           =
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the input files
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# The INPUT tag is used to specify the files and/or directories that contain
-# documented source files. You may enter file names like myfile.cpp or
-# directories like /usr/src/myproject. Separate the files or directories with
-# spaces. See also FILE_PATTERNS and EXTENSION_MAPPING
-# Note: If this tag is empty the current directory is searched.
-
-INPUT                  =
-
-# This tag can be used to specify the character encoding of the source files
-# that doxygen parses. Internally doxygen uses the UTF-8 encoding. Doxygen uses
-# libiconv (or the iconv built into libc) for the transcoding. See the libiconv
-# documentation (see: https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/) for the list of
-# possible encodings.
-# The default value is: UTF-8.
-
-INPUT_ENCODING         = UTF-8
-
-# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use the
-# FILE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard patterns (like *.cpp and
-# *.h) to filter out the source-files in the directories.
-#
-# Note that for custom extensions or not directly supported extensions you also
-# need to set EXTENSION_MAPPING for the extension otherwise the files are not
-# read by doxygen.
-#
-# If left blank the following patterns are tested:*.c, *.cc, *.cxx, *.cpp,
-# *.c++, *.java, *.ii, *.ixx, *.ipp, *.i++, *.inl, *.idl, *.ddl, *.odl, *.h,
-# *.hh, *.hxx, *.hpp, *.h++, *.cs, *.d, *.php, *.php4, *.php5, *.phtml, *.inc,
-# *.m, *.markdown, *.md, *.mm, *.dox (to be provided as doxygen C comment),
-# *.doc (to be provided as doxygen C comment), *.txt (to be provided as doxygen
-# C comment), *.py, *.pyw, *.f90, *.f95, *.f03, *.f08, *.f, *.for, *.tcl, *.vhd,
-# *.vhdl, *.ucf, *.qsf and *.ice.
-
-FILE_PATTERNS          = *.c \
-                         *.cc \
-                         *.cxx \
-                         *.cpp \
-                         *.c++ \
-                         *.java \
-                         *.ii \
-                         *.ixx \
-                         *.ipp \
-                         *.i++ \
-                         *.inl \
-                         *.idl \
-                         *.ddl \
-                         *.odl \
-                         *.h \
-                         *.hh \
-                         *.hxx \
-                         *.hpp \
-                         *.h++ \
-                         *.cs \
-                         *.d \
-                         *.php \
-                         *.php4 \
-                         *.php5 \
-                         *.phtml \
-                         *.inc \
-                         *.m \
-                         *.markdown \
-                         *.md \
-                         *.mm \
-                         *.dox \
-                         *.doc \
-                         *.txt \
-                         *.py \
-                         *.pyw \
-                         *.f90 \
-                         *.f95 \
-                         *.f03 \
-                         *.f08 \
-                         *.f \
-                         *.for \
-                         *.tcl \
-                         *.vhd \
-                         *.vhdl \
-                         *.ucf \
-                         *.qsf \
-                         *.ice
-
-# The RECURSIVE tag can be used to specify whether or not subdirectories should
-# be searched for input files as well.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-RECURSIVE              = YES
-
-# The EXCLUDE tag can be used to specify files and/or directories that should be
-# excluded from the INPUT source files. This way you can easily exclude a
-# subdirectory from a directory tree whose root is specified with the INPUT tag.
-#
-# Note that relative paths are relative to the directory from which doxygen is
-# run.
-
-EXCLUDE                =
-
-# The EXCLUDE_SYMLINKS tag can be used to select whether or not files or
-# directories that are symbolic links (a Unix file system feature) are excluded
-# from the input.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXCLUDE_SYMLINKS       = NO
-
-# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use the
-# EXCLUDE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard patterns to exclude
-# certain files from those directories.
-#
-# Note that the wildcards are matched against the file with absolute path, so to
-# exclude all test directories for example use the pattern */test/*
-
-EXCLUDE_PATTERNS       =
-
-# The EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS tag can be used to specify one or more symbol names
-# (namespaces, classes, functions, etc.) that should be excluded from the
-# output. The symbol name can be a fully qualified name, a word, or if the
-# wildcard * is used, a substring. Examples: ANamespace, AClass,
-# AClass::ANamespace, ANamespace::*Test
-#
-# Note that the wildcards are matched against the file with absolute path, so to
-# exclude all test directories use the pattern */test/*
-
-EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS        =
-
-# The EXAMPLE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more files or directories
-# that contain example code fragments that are included (see the \include
-# command).
-
-EXAMPLE_PATH           =
-
-# If the value of the EXAMPLE_PATH tag contains directories, you can use the
-# EXAMPLE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard pattern (like *.cpp and
-# *.h) to filter out the source-files in the directories. If left blank all
-# files are included.
-
-EXAMPLE_PATTERNS       = *
-
-# If the EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE tag is set to YES then subdirectories will be
-# searched for input files to be used with the \include or \dontinclude commands
-# irrespective of the value of the RECURSIVE tag.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE      = NO
-
-# The IMAGE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more files or directories
-# that contain images that are to be included in the documentation (see the
-# \image command).
-
-IMAGE_PATH             =
-
-# The INPUT_FILTER tag can be used to specify a program that doxygen should
-# invoke to filter for each input file. Doxygen will invoke the filter program
-# by executing (via popen()) the command:
-#
-# <filter> <input-file>
-#
-# where <filter> is the value of the INPUT_FILTER tag, and <input-file> is the
-# name of an input file. Doxygen will then use the output that the filter
-# program writes to standard output. If FILTER_PATTERNS is specified, this tag
-# will be ignored.
-#
-# Note that the filter must not add or remove lines; it is applied before the
-# code is scanned, but not when the output code is generated. If lines are added
-# or removed, the anchors will not be placed correctly.
-#
-# Note that for custom extensions or not directly supported extensions you also
-# need to set EXTENSION_MAPPING for the extension otherwise the files are not
-# properly processed by doxygen.
-
-INPUT_FILTER           =
-
-# The FILTER_PATTERNS tag can be used to specify filters on a per file pattern
-# basis. Doxygen will compare the file name with each pattern and apply the
-# filter if there is a match. The filters are a list of the form: pattern=filter
-# (like *.cpp=my_cpp_filter). See INPUT_FILTER for further information on how
-# filters are used. If the FILTER_PATTERNS tag is empty or if none of the
-# patterns match the file name, INPUT_FILTER is applied.
-#
-# Note that for custom extensions or not directly supported extensions you also
-# need to set EXTENSION_MAPPING for the extension otherwise the files are not
-# properly processed by doxygen.
-
-FILTER_PATTERNS        =
-
-# If the FILTER_SOURCE_FILES tag is set to YES, the input filter (if set using
-# INPUT_FILTER) will also be used to filter the input files that are used for
-# producing the source files to browse (i.e. when SOURCE_BROWSER is set to YES).
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-FILTER_SOURCE_FILES    = NO
-
-# The FILTER_SOURCE_PATTERNS tag can be used to specify source filters per file
-# pattern. A pattern will override the setting for FILTER_PATTERN (if any) and
-# it is also possible to disable source filtering for a specific pattern using
-# *.ext= (so without naming a filter).
-# This tag requires that the tag FILTER_SOURCE_FILES is set to YES.
-
-FILTER_SOURCE_PATTERNS =
-
-# If the USE_MDFILE_AS_MAINPAGE tag refers to the name of a markdown file that
-# is part of the input, its contents will be placed on the main page
-# (index.html). This can be useful if you have a project on for instance GitHub
-# and want to reuse the introduction page also for the doxygen output.
-
-USE_MDFILE_AS_MAINPAGE =
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to source browsing
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the SOURCE_BROWSER tag is set to YES then a list of source files will be
-# generated. Documented entities will be cross-referenced with these sources.
-#
-# Note: To get rid of all source code in the generated output, make sure that
-# also VERBATIM_HEADERS is set to NO.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-SOURCE_BROWSER         = NO
-
-# Setting the INLINE_SOURCES tag to YES will include the body of functions,
-# classes and enums directly into the documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-INLINE_SOURCES         = NO
-
-# Setting the STRIP_CODE_COMMENTS tag to YES will instruct doxygen to hide any
-# special comment blocks from generated source code fragments. Normal C, C++ and
-# Fortran comments will always remain visible.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-STRIP_CODE_COMMENTS    = YES
-
-# If the REFERENCED_BY_RELATION tag is set to YES then for each documented
-# entity all documented functions referencing it will be listed.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-REFERENCED_BY_RELATION = NO
-
-# If the REFERENCES_RELATION tag is set to YES then for each documented function
-# all documented entities called/used by that function will be listed.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-REFERENCES_RELATION    = NO
-
-# If the REFERENCES_LINK_SOURCE tag is set to YES and SOURCE_BROWSER tag is set
-# to YES then the hyperlinks from functions in REFERENCES_RELATION and
-# REFERENCED_BY_RELATION lists will link to the source code. Otherwise they will
-# link to the documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-REFERENCES_LINK_SOURCE = YES
-
-# If SOURCE_TOOLTIPS is enabled (the default) then hovering a hyperlink in the
-# source code will show a tooltip with additional information such as prototype,
-# brief description and links to the definition and documentation. Since this
-# will make the HTML file larger and loading of large files a bit slower, you
-# can opt to disable this feature.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag SOURCE_BROWSER is set to YES.
-
-SOURCE_TOOLTIPS        = YES
-
-# If the USE_HTAGS tag is set to YES then the references to source code will
-# point to the HTML generated by the htags(1) tool instead of doxygen built-in
-# source browser. The htags tool is part of GNU's global source tagging system
-# (see https://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html). You will need version
-# 4.8.6 or higher.
-#
-# To use it do the following:
-# - Install the latest version of global
-# - Enable SOURCE_BROWSER and USE_HTAGS in the configuration file
-# - Make sure the INPUT points to the root of the source tree
-# - Run doxygen as normal
-#
-# Doxygen will invoke htags (and that will in turn invoke gtags), so these
-# tools must be available from the command line (i.e. in the search path).
-#
-# The result: instead of the source browser generated by doxygen, the links to
-# source code will now point to the output of htags.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag SOURCE_BROWSER is set to YES.
-
-USE_HTAGS              = NO
-
-# If the VERBATIM_HEADERS tag is set the YES then doxygen will generate a
-# verbatim copy of the header file for each class for which an include is
-# specified. Set to NO to disable this.
-# See also: Section \class.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-VERBATIM_HEADERS       = YES
-
-# If the CLANG_ASSISTED_PARSING tag is set to YES then doxygen will use the
-# clang parser (see: http://clang.llvm.org/) for more accurate parsing at the
-# cost of reduced performance. This can be particularly helpful with template
-# rich C++ code for which doxygen's built-in parser lacks the necessary type
-# information.
-# Note: The availability of this option depends on whether or not doxygen was
-# generated with the -Duse_libclang=ON option for CMake.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-CLANG_ASSISTED_PARSING = NO
-
-# If clang assisted parsing is enabled you can provide the compiler with command
-# line options that you would normally use when invoking the compiler. Note that
-# the include paths will already be set by doxygen for the files and directories
-# specified with INPUT and INCLUDE_PATH.
-# This tag requires that the tag CLANG_ASSISTED_PARSING is set to YES.
-
-CLANG_OPTIONS          =
-
-# If clang assisted parsing is enabled you can provide the clang parser with the
-# path to the compilation database (see:
-# http://clang.llvm.org/docs/HowToSetupToolingForLLVM.html) used when the files
-# were built. This is equivalent to specifying the "-p" option to a clang tool,
-# such as clang-check. These options will then be passed to the parser.
-# Note: The availability of this option depends on whether or not doxygen was
-# generated with the -Duse_libclang=ON option for CMake.
-
-CLANG_DATABASE_PATH    =
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the alphabetical class index
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the ALPHABETICAL_INDEX tag is set to YES, an alphabetical index of all
-# compounds will be generated. Enable this if the project contains a lot of
-# classes, structs, unions or interfaces.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-ALPHABETICAL_INDEX     = YES
-
-# The COLS_IN_ALPHA_INDEX tag can be used to specify the number of columns in
-# which the alphabetical index list will be split.
-# Minimum value: 1, maximum value: 20, default value: 5.
-# This tag requires that the tag ALPHABETICAL_INDEX is set to YES.
-
-COLS_IN_ALPHA_INDEX    = 5
-
-# In case all classes in a project start with a common prefix, all classes will
-# be put under the same header in the alphabetical index. The IGNORE_PREFIX tag
-# can be used to specify a prefix (or a list of prefixes) that should be ignored
-# while generating the index headers.
-# This tag requires that the tag ALPHABETICAL_INDEX is set to YES.
-
-IGNORE_PREFIX          =
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the HTML output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_HTML tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate HTML output
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-GENERATE_HTML          = YES
-
-# The HTML_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the HTML docs will be put. If a
-# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
-# it.
-# The default directory is: html.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_OUTPUT            = html
-
-# The HTML_FILE_EXTENSION tag can be used to specify the file extension for each
-# generated HTML page (for example: .htm, .php, .asp).
-# The default value is: .html.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_FILE_EXTENSION    = .html
-
-# The HTML_HEADER tag can be used to specify a user-defined HTML header file for
-# each generated HTML page. If the tag is left blank doxygen will generate a
-# standard header.
-#
-# To get valid HTML the header file that includes any scripts and style sheets
-# that doxygen needs, which is dependent on the configuration options used (e.g.
-# the setting GENERATE_TREEVIEW). It is highly recommended to start with a
-# default header using
-# doxygen -w html new_header.html new_footer.html new_stylesheet.css
-# YourConfigFile
-# and then modify the file new_header.html. See also section "Doxygen usage"
-# for information on how to generate the default header that doxygen normally
-# uses.
-# Note: The header is subject to change so you typically have to regenerate the
-# default header when upgrading to a newer version of doxygen. For a description
-# of the possible markers and block names see the documentation.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_HEADER            =
-
-# The HTML_FOOTER tag can be used to specify a user-defined HTML footer for each
-# generated HTML page. If the tag is left blank doxygen will generate a standard
-# footer. See HTML_HEADER for more information on how to generate a default
-# footer and what special commands can be used inside the footer. See also
-# section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to generate the default footer
-# that doxygen normally uses.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_FOOTER            =
-
-# The HTML_STYLESHEET tag can be used to specify a user-defined cascading style
-# sheet that is used by each HTML page. It can be used to fine-tune the look of
-# the HTML output. If left blank doxygen will generate a default style sheet.
-# See also section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to generate the style
-# sheet that doxygen normally uses.
-# Note: It is recommended to use HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET instead of this tag, as
-# it is more robust and this tag (HTML_STYLESHEET) will in the future become
-# obsolete.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_STYLESHEET        =
-
-# The HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET tag can be used to specify additional user-defined
-# cascading style sheets that are included after the standard style sheets
-# created by doxygen. Using this option one can overrule certain style aspects.
-# This is preferred over using HTML_STYLESHEET since it does not replace the
-# standard style sheet and is therefore more robust against future updates.
-# Doxygen will copy the style sheet files to the output directory.
-# Note: The order of the extra style sheet files is of importance (e.g. the last
-# style sheet in the list overrules the setting of the previous ones in the
-# list). For an example see the documentation.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET  =
-
-# The HTML_EXTRA_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more extra images or
-# other source files which should be copied to the HTML output directory. Note
-# that these files will be copied to the base HTML output directory. Use the
-# $relpath^ marker in the HTML_HEADER and/or HTML_FOOTER files to load these
-# files. In the HTML_STYLESHEET file, use the file name only. Also note that the
-# files will be copied as-is; there are no commands or markers available.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_EXTRA_FILES       =
-
-# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE tag controls the color of the HTML output. Doxygen
-# will adjust the colors in the style sheet and background images according to
-# this color. Hue is specified as an angle on a colorwheel, see
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hue for more information. For instance the value
-# 0 represents red, 60 is yellow, 120 is green, 180 is cyan, 240 is blue, 300
-# purple, and 360 is red again.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 359, default value: 220.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE    = 220
-
-# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_SAT tag controls the purity (or saturation) of the colors
-# in the HTML output. For a value of 0 the output will use grayscales only. A
-# value of 255 will produce the most vivid colors.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 255, default value: 100.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_COLORSTYLE_SAT    = 100
-
-# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_GAMMA tag controls the gamma correction applied to the
-# luminance component of the colors in the HTML output. Values below 100
-# gradually make the output lighter, whereas values above 100 make the output
-# darker. The value divided by 100 is the actual gamma applied, so 80 represents
-# a gamma of 0.8, The value 220 represents a gamma of 2.2, and 100 does not
-# change the gamma.
-# Minimum value: 40, maximum value: 240, default value: 80.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_COLORSTYLE_GAMMA  = 80
-
-# If the HTML_TIMESTAMP tag is set to YES then the footer of each generated HTML
-# page will contain the date and time when the page was generated. Setting this
-# to YES can help to show when doxygen was last run and thus if the
-# documentation is up to date.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_TIMESTAMP         = NO
-
-# If the HTML_DYNAMIC_MENUS tag is set to YES then the generated HTML
-# documentation will contain a main index with vertical navigation menus that
-# are dynamically created via JavaScript. If disabled, the navigation index will
-# consists of multiple levels of tabs that are statically embedded in every HTML
-# page. Disable this option to support browsers that do not have JavaScript,
-# like the Qt help browser.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_DYNAMIC_MENUS     = YES
-
-# If the HTML_DYNAMIC_SECTIONS tag is set to YES then the generated HTML
-# documentation will contain sections that can be hidden and shown after the
-# page has loaded.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_DYNAMIC_SECTIONS  = NO
-
-# With HTML_INDEX_NUM_ENTRIES one can control the preferred number of entries
-# shown in the various tree structured indices initially; the user can expand
-# and collapse entries dynamically later on. Doxygen will expand the tree to
-# such a level that at most the specified number of entries are visible (unless
-# a fully collapsed tree already exceeds this amount). So setting the number of
-# entries 1 will produce a full collapsed tree by default. 0 is a special value
-# representing an infinite number of entries and will result in a full expanded
-# tree by default.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 9999, default value: 100.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-HTML_INDEX_NUM_ENTRIES = 100
-
-# If the GENERATE_DOCSET tag is set to YES, additional index files will be
-# generated that can be used as input for Apple's Xcode 3 integrated development
-# environment (see: https://developer.apple.com/xcode/), introduced with OSX
-# 10.5 (Leopard). To create a documentation set, doxygen will generate a
-# Makefile in the HTML output directory. Running make will produce the docset in
-# that directory and running make install will install the docset in
-# ~/Library/Developer/Shared/Documentation/DocSets so that Xcode will find it at
-# startup. See https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/featuredarticles/Doxy
-# genXcode/_index.html for more information.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-GENERATE_DOCSET        = NO
-
-# This tag determines the name of the docset feed. A documentation feed provides
-# an umbrella under which multiple documentation sets from a single provider
-# (such as a company or product suite) can be grouped.
-# The default value is: Doxygen generated docs.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
-
-DOCSET_FEEDNAME        = "Doxygen generated docs"
-
-# This tag specifies a string that should uniquely identify the documentation
-# set bundle. This should be a reverse domain-name style string, e.g.
-# com.mycompany.MyDocSet. Doxygen will append .docset to the name.
-# The default value is: org.doxygen.Project.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
-
-DOCSET_BUNDLE_ID       = org.doxygen.Project
-
-# The DOCSET_PUBLISHER_ID tag specifies a string that should uniquely identify
-# the documentation publisher. This should be a reverse domain-name style
-# string, e.g. com.mycompany.MyDocSet.documentation.
-# The default value is: org.doxygen.Publisher.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
-
-DOCSET_PUBLISHER_ID    = org.doxygen.Publisher
-
-# The DOCSET_PUBLISHER_NAME tag identifies the documentation publisher.
-# The default value is: Publisher.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
-
-DOCSET_PUBLISHER_NAME  = Publisher
-
-# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES then doxygen generates three
-# additional HTML index files: index.hhp, index.hhc, and index.hhk. The
-# index.hhp is a project file that can be read by Microsoft's HTML Help Workshop
-# (see: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=21138) on
-# Windows.
-#
-# The HTML Help Workshop contains a compiler that can convert all HTML output
-# generated by doxygen into a single compiled HTML file (.chm). Compiled HTML
-# files are now used as the Windows 98 help format, and will replace the old
-# Windows help format (.hlp) on all Windows platforms in the future. Compressed
-# HTML files also contain an index, a table of contents, and you can search for
-# words in the documentation. The HTML workshop also contains a viewer for
-# compressed HTML files.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-GENERATE_HTMLHELP      = NO
-
-# The CHM_FILE tag can be used to specify the file name of the resulting .chm
-# file. You can add a path in front of the file if the result should not be
-# written to the html output directory.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
-
-CHM_FILE               =
-
-# The HHC_LOCATION tag can be used to specify the location (absolute path
-# including file name) of the HTML help compiler (hhc.exe). If non-empty,
-# doxygen will try to run the HTML help compiler on the generated index.hhp.
-# The file has to be specified with full path.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
-
-HHC_LOCATION           =
-
-# The GENERATE_CHI flag controls if a separate .chi index file is generated
-# (YES) or that it should be included in the master .chm file (NO).
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
-
-GENERATE_CHI           = NO
-
-# The CHM_INDEX_ENCODING is used to encode HtmlHelp index (hhk), content (hhc)
-# and project file content.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
-
-CHM_INDEX_ENCODING     =
-
-# The BINARY_TOC flag controls whether a binary table of contents is generated
-# (YES) or a normal table of contents (NO) in the .chm file. Furthermore it
-# enables the Previous and Next buttons.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
-
-BINARY_TOC             = NO
-
-# The TOC_EXPAND flag can be set to YES to add extra items for group members to
-# the table of contents of the HTML help documentation and to the tree view.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
-
-TOC_EXPAND             = NO
-
-# If the GENERATE_QHP tag is set to YES and both QHP_NAMESPACE and
-# QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER are set, an additional index file will be generated that
-# can be used as input for Qt's qhelpgenerator to generate a Qt Compressed Help
-# (.qch) of the generated HTML documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-GENERATE_QHP           = NO
-
-# If the QHG_LOCATION tag is specified, the QCH_FILE tag can be used to specify
-# the file name of the resulting .qch file. The path specified is relative to
-# the HTML output folder.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
-
-QCH_FILE               =
-
-# The QHP_NAMESPACE tag specifies the namespace to use when generating Qt Help
-# Project output. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Namespace
-# (see: https://doc.qt.io/archives/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#namespace).
-# The default value is: org.doxygen.Project.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
-
-QHP_NAMESPACE          = org.doxygen.Project
-
-# The QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER tag specifies the namespace to use when generating Qt
-# Help Project output. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Virtual
-# Folders (see: https://doc.qt.io/archives/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#virtual-
-# folders).
-# The default value is: doc.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
-
-QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER     = doc
-
-# If the QHP_CUST_FILTER_NAME tag is set, it specifies the name of a custom
-# filter to add. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Custom
-# Filters (see: https://doc.qt.io/archives/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#custom-
-# filters).
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
-
-QHP_CUST_FILTER_NAME   =
-
-# The QHP_CUST_FILTER_ATTRS tag specifies the list of the attributes of the
-# custom filter to add. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Custom
-# Filters (see: https://doc.qt.io/archives/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#custom-
-# filters).
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
-
-QHP_CUST_FILTER_ATTRS  =
-
-# The QHP_SECT_FILTER_ATTRS tag specifies the list of the attributes this
-# project's filter section matches. Qt Help Project / Filter Attributes (see:
-# https://doc.qt.io/archives/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#filter-attributes).
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
-
-QHP_SECT_FILTER_ATTRS  =
-
-# The QHG_LOCATION tag can be used to specify the location of Qt's
-# qhelpgenerator. If non-empty doxygen will try to run qhelpgenerator on the
-# generated .qhp file.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
-
-QHG_LOCATION           =
-
-# If the GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP tag is set to YES, additional index files will be
-# generated, together with the HTML files, they form an Eclipse help plugin. To
-# install this plugin and make it available under the help contents menu in
-# Eclipse, the contents of the directory containing the HTML and XML files needs
-# to be copied into the plugins directory of eclipse. The name of the directory
-# within the plugins directory should be the same as the ECLIPSE_DOC_ID value.
-# After copying Eclipse needs to be restarted before the help appears.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP   = NO
-
-# A unique identifier for the Eclipse help plugin. When installing the plugin
-# the directory name containing the HTML and XML files should also have this
-# name. Each documentation set should have its own identifier.
-# The default value is: org.doxygen.Project.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP is set to YES.
-
-ECLIPSE_DOC_ID         = org.doxygen.Project
-
-# If you want full control over the layout of the generated HTML pages it might
-# be necessary to disable the index and replace it with your own. The
-# DISABLE_INDEX tag can be used to turn on/off the condensed index (tabs) at top
-# of each HTML page. A value of NO enables the index and the value YES disables
-# it. Since the tabs in the index contain the same information as the navigation
-# tree, you can set this option to YES if you also set GENERATE_TREEVIEW to YES.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-DISABLE_INDEX          = NO
-
-# The GENERATE_TREEVIEW tag is used to specify whether a tree-like index
-# structure should be generated to display hierarchical information. If the tag
-# value is set to YES, a side panel will be generated containing a tree-like
-# index structure (just like the one that is generated for HTML Help). For this
-# to work a browser that supports JavaScript, DHTML, CSS and frames is required
-# (i.e. any modern browser). Windows users are probably better off using the
-# HTML help feature. Via custom style sheets (see HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET) one can
-# further fine-tune the look of the index. As an example, the default style
-# sheet generated by doxygen has an example that shows how to put an image at
-# the root of the tree instead of the PROJECT_NAME. Since the tree basically has
-# the same information as the tab index, you could consider setting
-# DISABLE_INDEX to YES when enabling this option.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-GENERATE_TREEVIEW      = NO
-
-# The ENUM_VALUES_PER_LINE tag can be used to set the number of enum values that
-# doxygen will group on one line in the generated HTML documentation.
-#
-# Note that a value of 0 will completely suppress the enum values from appearing
-# in the overview section.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 20, default value: 4.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-ENUM_VALUES_PER_LINE   = 4
-
-# If the treeview is enabled (see GENERATE_TREEVIEW) then this tag can be used
-# to set the initial width (in pixels) of the frame in which the tree is shown.
-# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 1500, default value: 250.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-TREEVIEW_WIDTH         = 250
-
-# If the EXT_LINKS_IN_WINDOW option is set to YES, doxygen will open links to
-# external symbols imported via tag files in a separate window.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-EXT_LINKS_IN_WINDOW    = NO
-
-# Use this tag to change the font size of LaTeX formulas included as images in
-# the HTML documentation. When you change the font size after a successful
-# doxygen run you need to manually remove any form_*.png images from the HTML
-# output directory to force them to be regenerated.
-# Minimum value: 8, maximum value: 50, default value: 10.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-FORMULA_FONTSIZE       = 10
-
-# Use the FORMULA_TRANSPARENT tag to determine whether or not the images
-# generated for formulas are transparent PNGs. Transparent PNGs are not
-# supported properly for IE 6.0, but are supported on all modern browsers.
-#
-# Note that when changing this option you need to delete any form_*.png files in
-# the HTML output directory before the changes have effect.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-FORMULA_TRANSPARENT    = YES
-
-# The FORMULA_MACROFILE can contain LaTeX \newcommand and \renewcommand commands
-# to create new LaTeX commands to be used in formulas as building blocks. See
-# the section "Including formulas" for details.
-
-FORMULA_MACROFILE      =
-
-# Enable the USE_MATHJAX option to render LaTeX formulas using MathJax (see
-# https://www.mathjax.org) which uses client side JavaScript for the rendering
-# instead of using pre-rendered bitmaps. Use this if you do not have LaTeX
-# installed or if you want to formulas look prettier in the HTML output. When
-# enabled you may also need to install MathJax separately and configure the path
-# to it using the MATHJAX_RELPATH option.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-USE_MATHJAX            = YES
-
-# When MathJax is enabled you can set the default output format to be used for
-# the MathJax output. See the MathJax site (see:
-# http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/output.html) for more details.
-# Possible values are: HTML-CSS (which is slower, but has the best
-# compatibility), NativeMML (i.e. MathML) and SVG.
-# The default value is: HTML-CSS.
-# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
-
-MATHJAX_FORMAT         = HTML-CSS
-
-# When MathJax is enabled you need to specify the location relative to the HTML
-# output directory using the MATHJAX_RELPATH option. The destination directory
-# should contain the MathJax.js script. For instance, if the mathjax directory
-# is located at the same level as the HTML output directory, then
-# MATHJAX_RELPATH should be ../mathjax. The default value points to the MathJax
-# Content Delivery Network so you can quickly see the result without installing
-# MathJax. However, it is strongly recommended to install a local copy of
-# MathJax from https://www.mathjax.org before deployment.
-# The default value is: https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/.
-# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
-
-MATHJAX_RELPATH        = https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/
-
-# The MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS tag can be used to specify one or more MathJax
-# extension names that should be enabled during MathJax rendering. For example
-# MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS = TeX/AMSmath TeX/AMSsymbols
-# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
-
-MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS     =
-
-# The MATHJAX_CODEFILE tag can be used to specify a file with javascript pieces
-# of code that will be used on startup of the MathJax code. See the MathJax site
-# (see: http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/output.html) for more details. For an
-# example see the documentation.
-# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
-
-MATHJAX_CODEFILE       =
-
-# When the SEARCHENGINE tag is enabled doxygen will generate a search box for
-# the HTML output. The underlying search engine uses javascript and DHTML and
-# should work on any modern browser. Note that when using HTML help
-# (GENERATE_HTMLHELP), Qt help (GENERATE_QHP), or docsets (GENERATE_DOCSET)
-# there is already a search function so this one should typically be disabled.
-# For large projects the javascript based search engine can be slow, then
-# enabling SERVER_BASED_SEARCH may provide a better solution. It is possible to
-# search using the keyboard; to jump to the search box use <access key> + S
-# (what the <access key> is depends on the OS and browser, but it is typically
-# <CTRL>, <ALT>/<option>, or both). Inside the search box use the <cursor down
-# key> to jump into the search results window, the results can be navigated
-# using the <cursor keys>. Press <Enter> to select an item or <escape> to cancel
-# the search. The filter options can be selected when the cursor is inside the
-# search box by pressing <Shift>+<cursor down>. Also here use the <cursor keys>
-# to select a filter and <Enter> or <escape> to activate or cancel the filter
-# option.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
-
-SEARCHENGINE           = YES
-
-# When the SERVER_BASED_SEARCH tag is enabled the search engine will be
-# implemented using a web server instead of a web client using JavaScript. There
-# are two flavors of web server based searching depending on the EXTERNAL_SEARCH
-# setting. When disabled, doxygen will generate a PHP script for searching and
-# an index file used by the script. When EXTERNAL_SEARCH is enabled the indexing
-# and searching needs to be provided by external tools. See the section
-# "External Indexing and Searching" for details.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
-
-SERVER_BASED_SEARCH    = NO
-
-# When EXTERNAL_SEARCH tag is enabled doxygen will no longer generate the PHP
-# script for searching. Instead the search results are written to an XML file
-# which needs to be processed by an external indexer. Doxygen will invoke an
-# external search engine pointed to by the SEARCHENGINE_URL option to obtain the
-# search results.
-#
-# Doxygen ships with an example indexer (doxyindexer) and search engine
-# (doxysearch.cgi) which are based on the open source search engine library
-# Xapian (see: https://xapian.org/).
-#
-# See the section "External Indexing and Searching" for details.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
-
-EXTERNAL_SEARCH        = NO
-
-# The SEARCHENGINE_URL should point to a search engine hosted by a web server
-# which will return the search results when EXTERNAL_SEARCH is enabled.
-#
-# Doxygen ships with an example indexer (doxyindexer) and search engine
-# (doxysearch.cgi) which are based on the open source search engine library
-# Xapian (see: https://xapian.org/). See the section "External Indexing and
-# Searching" for details.
-# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
-
-SEARCHENGINE_URL       =
-
-# When SERVER_BASED_SEARCH and EXTERNAL_SEARCH are both enabled the unindexed
-# search data is written to a file for indexing by an external tool. With the
-# SEARCHDATA_FILE tag the name of this file can be specified.
-# The default file is: searchdata.xml.
-# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
-
-SEARCHDATA_FILE        = searchdata.xml
-
-# When SERVER_BASED_SEARCH and EXTERNAL_SEARCH are both enabled the
-# EXTERNAL_SEARCH_ID tag can be used as an identifier for the project. This is
-# useful in combination with EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS to search through multiple
-# projects and redirect the results back to the right project.
-# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
-
-EXTERNAL_SEARCH_ID     =
-
-# The EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS tag can be used to enable searching through doxygen
-# projects other than the one defined by this configuration file, but that are
-# all added to the same external search index. Each project needs to have a
-# unique id set via EXTERNAL_SEARCH_ID. The search mapping then maps the id of
-# to a relative location where the documentation can be found. The format is:
-# EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS = tagname1=loc1 tagname2=loc2 ...
-# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
-
-EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS  =
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the LaTeX output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_LATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate LaTeX output.
-# The default value is: YES.
-
-GENERATE_LATEX         = YES
-
-# The LATEX_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the LaTeX docs will be put. If a
-# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
-# it.
-# The default directory is: latex.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_OUTPUT           = latex
-
-# The LATEX_CMD_NAME tag can be used to specify the LaTeX command name to be
-# invoked.
-#
-# Note that when not enabling USE_PDFLATEX the default is latex when enabling
-# USE_PDFLATEX the default is pdflatex and when in the later case latex is
-# chosen this is overwritten by pdflatex. For specific output languages the
-# default can have been set differently, this depends on the implementation of
-# the output language.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_CMD_NAME         =
-
-# The MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME tag can be used to specify the command name to generate
-# index for LaTeX.
-# Note: This tag is used in the Makefile / make.bat.
-# See also: LATEX_MAKEINDEX_CMD for the part in the generated output file
-# (.tex).
-# The default file is: makeindex.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME     = makeindex
-
-# The LATEX_MAKEINDEX_CMD tag can be used to specify the command name to
-# generate index for LaTeX. In case there is no backslash (\) as first character
-# it will be automatically added in the LaTeX code.
-# Note: This tag is used in the generated output file (.tex).
-# See also: MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME for the part in the Makefile / make.bat.
-# The default value is: makeindex.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_MAKEINDEX_CMD    = makeindex
-
-# If the COMPACT_LATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen generates more compact LaTeX
-# documents. This may be useful for small projects and may help to save some
-# trees in general.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-COMPACT_LATEX          = NO
-
-# The PAPER_TYPE tag can be used to set the paper type that is used by the
-# printer.
-# Possible values are: a4 (210 x 297 mm), letter (8.5 x 11 inches), legal (8.5 x
-# 14 inches) and executive (7.25 x 10.5 inches).
-# The default value is: a4.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-PAPER_TYPE             = a4
-
-# The EXTRA_PACKAGES tag can be used to specify one or more LaTeX package names
-# that should be included in the LaTeX output. The package can be specified just
-# by its name or with the correct syntax as to be used with the LaTeX
-# \usepackage command. To get the times font for instance you can specify :
-# EXTRA_PACKAGES=times or EXTRA_PACKAGES={times}
-# To use the option intlimits with the amsmath package you can specify:
-# EXTRA_PACKAGES=[intlimits]{amsmath}
-# If left blank no extra packages will be included.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-EXTRA_PACKAGES         =
-
-# The LATEX_HEADER tag can be used to specify a personal LaTeX header for the
-# generated LaTeX document. The header should contain everything until the first
-# chapter. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a standard header. See
-# section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to let doxygen write the
-# default header to a separate file.
-#
-# Note: Only use a user-defined header if you know what you are doing! The
-# following commands have a special meaning inside the header: $title,
-# $datetime, $date, $doxygenversion, $projectname, $projectnumber,
-# $projectbrief, $projectlogo. Doxygen will replace $title with the empty
-# string, for the replacement values of the other commands the user is referred
-# to HTML_HEADER.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_HEADER           =
-
-# The LATEX_FOOTER tag can be used to specify a personal LaTeX footer for the
-# generated LaTeX document. The footer should contain everything after the last
-# chapter. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a standard footer. See
-# LATEX_HEADER for more information on how to generate a default footer and what
-# special commands can be used inside the footer.
-#
-# Note: Only use a user-defined footer if you know what you are doing!
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_FOOTER           =
-
-# The LATEX_EXTRA_STYLESHEET tag can be used to specify additional user-defined
-# LaTeX style sheets that are included after the standard style sheets created
-# by doxygen. Using this option one can overrule certain style aspects. Doxygen
-# will copy the style sheet files to the output directory.
-# Note: The order of the extra style sheet files is of importance (e.g. the last
-# style sheet in the list overrules the setting of the previous ones in the
-# list).
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_EXTRA_STYLESHEET =
-
-# The LATEX_EXTRA_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more extra images or
-# other source files which should be copied to the LATEX_OUTPUT output
-# directory. Note that the files will be copied as-is; there are no commands or
-# markers available.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_EXTRA_FILES      =
-
-# If the PDF_HYPERLINKS tag is set to YES, the LaTeX that is generated is
-# prepared for conversion to PDF (using ps2pdf or pdflatex). The PDF file will
-# contain links (just like the HTML output) instead of page references. This
-# makes the output suitable for online browsing using a PDF viewer.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-PDF_HYPERLINKS         = YES
-
-# If the USE_PDFLATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen will use pdflatex to generate
-# the PDF file directly from the LaTeX files. Set this option to YES, to get a
-# higher quality PDF documentation.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-USE_PDFLATEX           = YES
-
-# If the LATEX_BATCHMODE tag is set to YES, doxygen will add the \batchmode
-# command to the generated LaTeX files. This will instruct LaTeX to keep running
-# if errors occur, instead of asking the user for help. This option is also used
-# when generating formulas in HTML.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_BATCHMODE        = NO
-
-# If the LATEX_HIDE_INDICES tag is set to YES then doxygen will not include the
-# index chapters (such as File Index, Compound Index, etc.) in the output.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_HIDE_INDICES     = NO
-
-# If the LATEX_SOURCE_CODE tag is set to YES then doxygen will include source
-# code with syntax highlighting in the LaTeX output.
-#
-# Note that which sources are shown also depends on other settings such as
-# SOURCE_BROWSER.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_SOURCE_CODE      = NO
-
-# The LATEX_BIB_STYLE tag can be used to specify the style to use for the
-# bibliography, e.g. plainnat, or ieeetr. See
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX and \cite for more info.
-# The default value is: plain.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_BIB_STYLE        = plain
-
-# If the LATEX_TIMESTAMP tag is set to YES then the footer of each generated
-# page will contain the date and time when the page was generated. Setting this
-# to NO can help when comparing the output of multiple runs.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_TIMESTAMP        = NO
-
-# The LATEX_EMOJI_DIRECTORY tag is used to specify the (relative or absolute)
-# path from which the emoji images will be read. If a relative path is entered,
-# it will be relative to the LATEX_OUTPUT directory. If left blank the
-# LATEX_OUTPUT directory will be used.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
-
-LATEX_EMOJI_DIRECTORY  =
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the RTF output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_RTF tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate RTF output. The
-# RTF output is optimized for Word 97 and may not look too pretty with other RTF
-# readers/editors.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-GENERATE_RTF           = NO
-
-# The RTF_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the RTF docs will be put. If a
-# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
-# it.
-# The default directory is: rtf.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
-
-RTF_OUTPUT             = rtf
-
-# If the COMPACT_RTF tag is set to YES, doxygen generates more compact RTF
-# documents. This may be useful for small projects and may help to save some
-# trees in general.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
-
-COMPACT_RTF            = NO
-
-# If the RTF_HYPERLINKS tag is set to YES, the RTF that is generated will
-# contain hyperlink fields. The RTF file will contain links (just like the HTML
-# output) instead of page references. This makes the output suitable for online
-# browsing using Word or some other Word compatible readers that support those
-# fields.
-#
-# Note: WordPad (write) and others do not support links.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
-
-RTF_HYPERLINKS         = NO
-
-# Load stylesheet definitions from file. Syntax is similar to doxygen's
-# configuration file, i.e. a series of assignments. You only have to provide
-# replacements, missing definitions are set to their default value.
-#
-# See also section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to generate the
-# default style sheet that doxygen normally uses.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
-
-RTF_STYLESHEET_FILE    =
-
-# Set optional variables used in the generation of an RTF document. Syntax is
-# similar to doxygen's configuration file. A template extensions file can be
-# generated using doxygen -e rtf extensionFile.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
-
-RTF_EXTENSIONS_FILE    =
-
-# If the RTF_SOURCE_CODE tag is set to YES then doxygen will include source code
-# with syntax highlighting in the RTF output.
-#
-# Note that which sources are shown also depends on other settings such as
-# SOURCE_BROWSER.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
-
-RTF_SOURCE_CODE        = NO
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the man page output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_MAN tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate man pages for
-# classes and files.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-GENERATE_MAN           = NO
-
-# The MAN_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the man pages will be put. If a
-# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
-# it. A directory man3 will be created inside the directory specified by
-# MAN_OUTPUT.
-# The default directory is: man.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
-
-MAN_OUTPUT             = man
-
-# The MAN_EXTENSION tag determines the extension that is added to the generated
-# man pages. In case the manual section does not start with a number, the number
-# 3 is prepended. The dot (.) at the beginning of the MAN_EXTENSION tag is
-# optional.
-# The default value is: .3.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
-
-MAN_EXTENSION          = .3
-
-# The MAN_SUBDIR tag determines the name of the directory created within
-# MAN_OUTPUT in which the man pages are placed. If defaults to man followed by
-# MAN_EXTENSION with the initial . removed.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
-
-MAN_SUBDIR             =
-
-# If the MAN_LINKS tag is set to YES and doxygen generates man output, then it
-# will generate one additional man file for each entity documented in the real
-# man page(s). These additional files only source the real man page, but without
-# them the man command would be unable to find the correct page.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
-
-MAN_LINKS              = NO
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the XML output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_XML tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate an XML file that
-# captures the structure of the code including all documentation.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-GENERATE_XML           = NO
-
-# The XML_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the XML pages will be put. If a
-# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
-# it.
-# The default directory is: xml.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_XML is set to YES.
-
-XML_OUTPUT             = xml
-
-# If the XML_PROGRAMLISTING tag is set to YES, doxygen will dump the program
-# listings (including syntax highlighting and cross-referencing information) to
-# the XML output. Note that enabling this will significantly increase the size
-# of the XML output.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_XML is set to YES.
-
-XML_PROGRAMLISTING     = YES
-
-# If the XML_NS_MEMB_FILE_SCOPE tag is set to YES, doxygen will include
-# namespace members in file scope as well, matching the HTML output.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_XML is set to YES.
-
-XML_NS_MEMB_FILE_SCOPE = NO
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the DOCBOOK output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_DOCBOOK tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate Docbook files
-# that can be used to generate PDF.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-GENERATE_DOCBOOK       = NO
-
-# The DOCBOOK_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the Docbook pages will be put.
-# If a relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in
-# front of it.
-# The default directory is: docbook.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCBOOK is set to YES.
-
-DOCBOOK_OUTPUT         = docbook
-
-# If the DOCBOOK_PROGRAMLISTING tag is set to YES, doxygen will include the
-# program listings (including syntax highlighting and cross-referencing
-# information) to the DOCBOOK output. Note that enabling this will significantly
-# increase the size of the DOCBOOK output.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCBOOK is set to YES.
-
-DOCBOOK_PROGRAMLISTING = NO
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options for the AutoGen Definitions output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_AUTOGEN_DEF tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate an
-# AutoGen Definitions (see http://autogen.sourceforge.net/) file that captures
-# the structure of the code including all documentation. Note that this feature
-# is still experimental and incomplete at the moment.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-GENERATE_AUTOGEN_DEF   = NO
-
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Configuration options related to the Perl module output
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# If the GENERATE_PERLMOD tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate a Perl module
-# file that captures the structure of the code including all documentation.
-#
-# Note that this feature is still experimental and incomplete at the moment.
-# The default value is: NO.
-
-GENERATE_PERLMOD       = NO
-
-# If the PERLMOD_LATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate the necessary
-# Makefile rules, Perl scripts and LaTeX code to be able to generate PDF and DVI
-# output from the Perl module output.
-# The default value is: NO.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_PERLMOD is set to YES.
-
-PERLMOD_LATEX          = NO
-
-# If the PERLMOD_PRETTY tag is set to YES, the Perl module output will be nicely
-# formatted so it can be parsed by a human reader. This is useful if you want to
-# understand what is going on. On the other hand, if this tag is set to NO, the
-# size of the Perl module output will be much smaller and Perl will parse it
-# just the same.
-# The default value is: YES.
-# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_PERLMOD is set to YES.
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-# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
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-# If the CALL_GRAPH tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate a call
-# dependency graph for every global function or class method.
-#
-# Note that enabling this option will significantly increase the time of a run.
-# So in most cases it will be better to enable call graphs for selected
-# functions only using the \callgraph command. Disabling a call graph can be
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-# dependency graph for every global function or class method.
-#
-# Note that enabling this option will significantly increase the time of a run.
-# So in most cases it will be better to enable caller graphs for selected
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-# If the DIRECTORY_GRAPH tag is set to YES then doxygen will show the
-# dependencies a directory has on other directories in a graphical way. The
-# dependency relations are determined by the #include relations between the
-# files in the directories.
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-# graphs.
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diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index f311864d486..e95d3c4d88d
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -48,49 +48,61 @@ aclDataType ggml_cann_type_mapping(ggml_type type) {
         default:
             return ACL_DT_UNDEFINED;
     }
-    return ACL_DT_UNDEFINED;
 }
 
-aclTensor* ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor* tensor, int64_t* ne,
-                                   size_t* nb, int64_t dims, aclFormat format,
-                                   size_t offset) {
+acl_tensor_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                       int64_t *           ne,
+                                       size_t *            nb,
+                                       int64_t             dims,
+                                       aclFormat           format,
+                                       size_t              offset) {
     // If tensor is bcasted, Up to GGML_MAX_DIMS additional dimensions will be
     // added.
     int64_t acl_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2], acl_stride[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];
 
     if (ne == nullptr) {
         for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-            acl_ne[i] = tensor->ne[i];
+            acl_ne[i]     = tensor->ne[i];
             // The step size of acl is in elements.
             acl_stride[i] = tensor->nb[i] / ggml_element_size(tensor);
         }
     } else {
         // With bcast
         for (int i = 0; i < dims; i++) {
-            acl_ne[i] = ne[i];
+            acl_ne[i]     = ne[i];
             acl_stride[i] = nb[i] / ggml_element_size(tensor);
         }
     }
 
-    int64_t final_dims = (dims == 0 ? GGML_MAX_DIMS : dims);
+    int64_t final_dims      = (dims == 0 ? GGML_MAX_DIMS : dims);
     int64_t acl_storage_len = 1;
     for (int i = 0; i < final_dims; i++) {
         acl_storage_len += (acl_ne[i] - 1) * acl_stride[i];
     }
+    size_t elem_offset = offset / ggml_element_size(tensor);
+    acl_storage_len += elem_offset;
 
     // Reverse ne and stride.
     std::reverse(acl_ne, acl_ne + final_dims);
     std::reverse(acl_stride, acl_stride + final_dims);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_tensor = aclCreateTensor(
-        acl_ne, final_dims, ggml_cann_type_mapping(tensor->type), acl_stride,
-        offset / ggml_element_size(tensor), format, &acl_storage_len, 1,
-        tensor->data);
+    aclTensor * raw = aclCreateTensor(acl_ne, final_dims, ggml_cann_type_mapping(tensor->type), acl_stride, elem_offset,
+                                      format, &acl_storage_len, 1, tensor->data);
 
-    return acl_tensor;
+    return acl_tensor_ptr(raw);
 }
 
-bool ggml_cann_need_bcast(const ggml_tensor* t0, const ggml_tensor* t1) {
+acl_int_array_ptr ggml_cann_create_int_array(const int64_t * value, uint64_t size) {
+    aclIntArray * raw = aclCreateIntArray(value, size);
+    return acl_int_array_ptr(raw);
+}
+
+acl_scalar_ptr ggml_cann_create_scalar(void * value, aclDataType dataType) {
+    aclScalar * raw = aclCreateScalar(value, dataType);
+    return acl_scalar_ptr(raw);
+}
+
+bool ggml_cann_need_bcast(const ggml_tensor * t0, const ggml_tensor * t1) {
     for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
         if (t1->ne[i] != t0->ne[i] && t1->ne[i] != 1) {
             return true;
@@ -99,15 +111,16 @@ bool ggml_cann_need_bcast(const ggml_tensor* t0, const ggml_tensor* t1) {
     return false;
 }
 
-int64_t ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(const ggml_tensor* src0,
-                                  const ggml_tensor* src1,
-                                  int64_t* bcast_src0_ne,
-                                  int64_t* bcast_src1_ne, size_t* bcast_src0_nb,
-                                  size_t* bcast_src1_nb) {
+int64_t ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(const ggml_tensor * src0,
+                                  const ggml_tensor * src1,
+                                  int64_t *           bcast_src0_ne,
+                                  int64_t *           bcast_src1_ne,
+                                  size_t *            bcast_src0_nb,
+                                  size_t *            bcast_src1_nb) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(src1, src0));
     int bcast_dim_cnt = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        int64_t nr = src0->ne[i] / src1->ne[i];
+        int64_t nr                   = src0->ne[i] / src1->ne[i];
         bcast_src0_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = src0->ne[i] / nr;
         bcast_src1_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = src1->ne[i];
         bcast_src0_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = src0->nb[i];
@@ -117,21 +130,26 @@ int64_t ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(const ggml_tensor* src0,
             // Need to add an extra dim.
             bcast_src0_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = nr;
             bcast_src1_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = 1;
-            bcast_src0_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = bcast_src0_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] *
-                                           bcast_src0_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
-            bcast_src1_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = bcast_src1_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] *
-                                           bcast_src1_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
+            bcast_src0_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = bcast_src0_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] * bcast_src0_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
+            bcast_src1_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = bcast_src1_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] * bcast_src1_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
             bcast_dim_cnt++;
         }
     }
     return bcast_dim_cnt;
 }
 
-int64_t ggml_cann_get_mulmat_bcast_shape(
-    const int64_t* input_ne, const int64_t* weight_ne, const int64_t* dst_ne,
-    const size_t* input_nb, const size_t* weight_nb, const size_t* dst_nb,
-    int64_t* bcast_input_ne, int64_t* bcast_weight_ne, int64_t* bcast_dst_ne,
-    size_t* bcast_input_nb, size_t* bcast_weight_nb, size_t* bcast_dst_nb) {
+int64_t ggml_cann_get_mulmat_bcast_shape(const int64_t * input_ne,
+                                         const int64_t * weight_ne,
+                                         const int64_t * dst_ne,
+                                         const size_t *  input_nb,
+                                         const size_t *  weight_nb,
+                                         const size_t *  dst_nb,
+                                         int64_t *       bcast_input_ne,
+                                         int64_t *       bcast_weight_ne,
+                                         int64_t *       bcast_dst_ne,
+                                         size_t *        bcast_input_nb,
+                                         size_t *        bcast_weight_nb,
+                                         size_t *        bcast_dst_nb) {
     // input and dst shoule in same shape, except first two dims.
     GGML_ASSERT(input_ne[2] == dst_ne[2]);
     GGML_ASSERT(input_ne[3] == dst_ne[3]);
@@ -146,34 +164,30 @@ int64_t ggml_cann_get_mulmat_bcast_shape(
         // Do not use bcast in the first two dimensions because we only support
         // the bcast batch dimension. Just copy them.
         if (i < 2 || nr == 1) {
-            bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = input_ne[i];
+            bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt]  = input_ne[i];
             bcast_weight_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = weight_ne[i];
-            bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = dst_ne[i];
+            bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt]    = dst_ne[i];
 
-            bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = input_nb[i];
+            bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt]  = input_nb[i];
             bcast_weight_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = weight_nb[i];
-            bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = dst_nb[i];
+            bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt]    = dst_nb[i];
             bcast_dim_cnt++;
         } else {
             // Need to add an extra dim.
-            bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = nr;
-            bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = nr;
+            bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt]  = nr;
+            bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt]    = nr;
             bcast_weight_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = 1;
-            bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = input_nb[i];
-            bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = dst_nb[i];
+            bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt]  = input_nb[i];
+            bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt]    = dst_nb[i];
             bcast_weight_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = weight_nb[i];
             bcast_dim_cnt++;
 
-            bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = input_ne[i] / nr;
-            bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = dst_ne[i] / nr;
+            bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt]  = input_ne[i] / nr;
+            bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt]    = dst_ne[i] / nr;
             bcast_weight_ne[bcast_dim_cnt] = weight_ne[i];
-            bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] *
-                                            bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
-            bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] *
-                                          bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
-            bcast_weight_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] =
-                bcast_weight_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] *
-                bcast_weight_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
+            bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt]  = bcast_input_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] * bcast_input_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
+            bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt]    = bcast_dst_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] * bcast_dst_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
+            bcast_weight_nb[bcast_dim_cnt] = bcast_weight_nb[bcast_dim_cnt - 1] * bcast_weight_ne[bcast_dim_cnt - 1];
             bcast_dim_cnt++;
         }
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 93f09937efb..4737773a4d4
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@
 #ifndef CANN_ACL_TENSOR_H
 #define CANN_ACL_TENSOR_H
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstring>
+#include "common.h"
 
 #include <aclnn/aclnn_base.h>
-#include "common.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
 
 /**
  * @brief	Maps a ggml_type to its corresponding aclDataType.
@@ -43,6 +44,20 @@
  */
 aclDataType ggml_cann_type_mapping(ggml_type type);
 
+// Deleter for acl objects.
+template <typename T, aclError (*DestroyFunc)(const T *)> struct acl_deleter {
+    void operator()(T * ptr) const noexcept {
+        if (ptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(DestroyFunc(ptr));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+using acl_tensor_ptr      = std::unique_ptr<aclTensor, acl_deleter<aclTensor, aclDestroyTensor>>;
+using acl_int_array_ptr   = std::unique_ptr<aclIntArray, acl_deleter<aclIntArray, aclDestroyIntArray>>;
+using acl_scalar_ptr      = std::unique_ptr<aclScalar, acl_deleter<aclScalar, aclDestroyScalar>>;
+using acl_tensor_list_ptr = std::unique_ptr<aclTensorList, acl_deleter<aclTensorList, aclDestroyTensorList>>;
+
 /**
  * @brief   Creates an ACL tensor from a ggml_tensor with optional shape.
  *
@@ -62,10 +77,12 @@ aclDataType ggml_cann_type_mapping(ggml_type type);
  * @param   offset      Offset in bytes for the ACL tensor data. Defaults to 0.
  * @return  Pointer to the created ACL tensor.
  */
-aclTensor* ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor* tensor, int64_t* ne = nullptr,
-                             size_t* nb = nullptr, int64_t dims = 0,
-                             aclFormat format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                             size_t offset = 0);
+acl_tensor_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                       int64_t *           ne     = nullptr,
+                                       size_t *            nb     = nullptr,
+                                       int64_t             dims   = 0,
+                                       aclFormat           format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
+                                       size_t              offset = 0);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Template for creating an ACL tensor from provided parameters. typename TYPE
@@ -87,12 +104,15 @@ aclTensor* ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor* tensor, int64_t* ne = null
  * @param   offset      Offset in bytes for the ACL tensor data. Defaults to 0.
  * @return  Pointer to the created ACL tensor.
  */
-template<typename TYPE>
-aclTensor* ggml_cann_create_tensor(void* data_ptr, aclDataType dtype,
-                                   TYPE type_size, int64_t* ne, TYPE* nb,
-                                   int64_t dims,
-                                   aclFormat format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                                   size_t offset = 0) {
+template <typename TYPE>
+acl_tensor_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor(void *      data_ptr,
+                                       aclDataType dtype,
+                                       TYPE        type_size,
+                                       int64_t *   ne,
+                                       TYPE *      nb,
+                                       int64_t     dims,
+                                       aclFormat   format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
+                                       size_t      offset = 0) {
     int64_t tmp_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];
     int64_t tmp_stride[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];
 
@@ -109,11 +129,75 @@ aclTensor* ggml_cann_create_tensor(void* data_ptr, aclDataType dtype,
     std::reverse(tmp_ne, tmp_ne + dims);
     std::reverse(tmp_stride, tmp_stride + dims);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_tensor =
-        aclCreateTensor(tmp_ne, dims, dtype, tmp_stride, offset / type_size,
-                        format, &acl_storage_len, 1, data_ptr);
+    aclTensor * raw =
+        aclCreateTensor(tmp_ne, dims, dtype, tmp_stride, offset / type_size, format, &acl_storage_len, 1, data_ptr);
+
+    return acl_tensor_ptr(raw);
+}
 
-    return acl_tensor;
+/**
+ * @brief Create an ACL int array resource wrapped in a smart pointer.
+ *
+ * This function constructs an aclIntArray from the provided int64_t values
+ * and returns it as an acl_int_array_ptr (a std::unique_ptr with a custom
+ * deleter). The returned pointer owns the ACL resource and will automatically
+ * destroy it via aclDestroyIntArray().
+ *
+ * @param value  Pointer to the int64_t elements.
+ * @param size   Number of elements in value.
+ *
+ * @return A smart pointer managing the created ACL int array.
+ */
+acl_int_array_ptr ggml_cann_create_int_array(const int64_t * value, uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Create an ACL scalar resource wrapped in a smart pointer.
+ *
+ * This function constructs an aclScalar from the raw value pointer and ACL
+ * data type, then returns it as an acl_scalar_ptr (a std::unique_ptr with
+ * a custom deleter). The returned pointer owns the ACL scalar and will
+ * automatically destroy it via aclDestroyScalar().
+ *
+ * @param value     Pointer to the raw scalar memory.
+ * @param dataType  ACL data type of the scalar.
+ *
+ * @return A smart pointer managing the created ACL scalar.
+ */
+acl_scalar_ptr ggml_cann_create_scalar(void * value, aclDataType dataType);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Create an ACL tensor list from multiple tensor smart pointers.
+ *
+ * This function accepts a variadic list of acl_tensor_ptr (a unique_ptr with
+ * custom deleter) and produces an aclTensorList using aclCreateTensorList().
+ *
+ * The lifecycle management of the tensor objects changes as follows:
+ *  - aclCreateTensorList() takes ownership of the tensors
+ *  - Each input smart pointer releases ownership using release()
+ *  - As a result, the tensors will NOT be destroyed by unique_ptr
+ *  - Instead, they will be destroyed when aclDestroyTensorList() is called
+ *
+ * This ensures correct ownership transfer and prevents double-free situations.
+ *
+ * @param acl_tensor_ptr  Variadic template parameter; each argument must be
+ *                         a unique_ptr-like type supporting get() and release().
+ *
+ * @param tensors  Variadic list of acl_tensor_ptr objects. Ownership of
+ *                         each tensor is transferred away from these smart pointers.
+ *
+ * @return A smart pointer (acl_tensor_list_ptr) owning the created ACL tensor list.
+ *
+ * @note This implementation is C++11 compatible. The ownership-release process is
+ *       executed using a pack expansion inside an initializer list.
+ */
+template <typename... acl_tensor_ptr> acl_tensor_list_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor_list(acl_tensor_ptr &&... tensors) {
+    aclTensor *     raw_tensors[] = { tensors.get()... };
+    aclTensorList * raw           = aclCreateTensorList(raw_tensors, sizeof...(tensors));
+    // aclTensor will release by aclTensorList, so release ownership without
+    // destroying the tensor
+    int             dummy[]       = { (tensors.release(), 0)... };
+    GGML_UNUSED(dummy);
+    return acl_tensor_list_ptr(raw);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -132,7 +216,7 @@ aclTensor* ggml_cann_create_tensor(void* data_ptr, aclDataType dtype,
  *          to 1. If such a dimension is found, broadcasting is required to align t1
  *          with t0 for element-wise operations.
  */
-bool ggml_cann_need_bcast(const ggml_tensor* t0, const ggml_tensor* t1);
+bool ggml_cann_need_bcast(const ggml_tensor * t0, const ggml_tensor * t1);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes broadcast shapes and strides for two ggml_tensors.
@@ -187,19 +271,21 @@ bool ggml_cann_need_bcast(const ggml_tensor* t0, const ggml_tensor* t1);
  *  dim1 in a inserted dim, should add nb for dim1,
  *  and all other nb moves to next in order.
  */
-int64_t ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(const ggml_tensor* src0, const ggml_tensor* src1,
-                        int64_t* bcast_ne_src0, int64_t* bcast_ne_src1,
-                        size_t* bcast_nb_src0, size_t* bcast_nb_src1);
+int64_t ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(const ggml_tensor * src0,
+                                  const ggml_tensor * src1,
+                                  int64_t *           bcast_ne_src0,
+                                  int64_t *           bcast_ne_src1,
+                                  size_t *            bcast_nb_src0,
+                                  size_t *            bcast_nb_src1);
 
 // Bcast macro to avoid duplicate code.
-#define BCAST_SHAPE(src0, src1)                                              \
-    int64_t bcast_##src0##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                            \
-    int64_t bcast_##src1##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                            \
-    size_t bcast_##src0##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                             \
-    size_t bcast_##src1##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                             \
-    int64_t bcast_dims = ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(                          \
-        src0, src1, bcast_##src0##_ne, bcast_##src1##_ne, bcast_##src0##_nb, \
-        bcast_##src1##_nb);
+#define BCAST_SHAPE(src0, src1)                                                                      \
+    int64_t bcast_##src0##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                    \
+    int64_t bcast_##src1##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                    \
+    size_t  bcast_##src0##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                    \
+    size_t  bcast_##src1##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                    \
+    int64_t bcast_dims = ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(src0, src1, bcast_##src0##_ne, bcast_##src1##_ne, \
+                                                   bcast_##src0##_nb, bcast_##src1##_nb);
 
 #define BCAST_PARAM(tensor) bcast_##tensor##_ne, bcast_##tensor##_nb, bcast_dims
 
@@ -233,26 +319,31 @@ int64_t ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape(const ggml_tensor* src0, const ggml_tensor* sr
  *       before cast dim.
  * @sa ggml_cann_get_bcast_shape
  */
-int64_t ggml_cann_get_mulmat_bcast_shape(
-    const int64_t* input_ne, const int64_t* weight_ne, const int64_t* dst_ne,
-    const size_t* input_nb, const size_t* weight_nb, const size_t* dst_nb,
-    int64_t* bcast_input_ne, int64_t* bcast_weight_ne, int64_t* bcast_dst_ne,
-    size_t* bcast_input_nb, size_t* bcast_weight_nb, size_t* bcast_dst_nb);
+int64_t ggml_cann_get_mulmat_bcast_shape(const int64_t * input_ne,
+                                         const int64_t * weight_ne,
+                                         const int64_t * dst_ne,
+                                         const size_t *  input_nb,
+                                         const size_t *  weight_nb,
+                                         const size_t *  dst_nb,
+                                         int64_t *       bcast_input_ne,
+                                         int64_t *       bcast_weight_ne,
+                                         int64_t *       bcast_dst_ne,
+                                         size_t *        bcast_input_nb,
+                                         size_t *        bcast_weight_nb,
+                                         size_t *        bcast_dst_nb);
 
 // Bcast macro to avoid duplicate code.
-#define BCAST_MUL_MAT_SHAPE(input, weight, dst)                         \
-    int64_t bcast_##input##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                      \
-    int64_t bcast_##weight##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                     \
-    int64_t bcast_##dst##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                        \
-    size_t bcast_##input##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                       \
-    size_t bcast_##weight##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                      \
-    size_t bcast_##dst##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                         \
-    int64_t bcast_dims = ggml_cann_get_mulmat_bcast_shape(              \
-        input->ne, weight->ne, dst->ne, input->nb, weight->nb, dst->nb, \
-        bcast_##input##_ne, bcast_##weight##_ne, bcast_##dst##_ne,      \
-        bcast_##input##_nb, bcast_##weight##_nb, bcast_##dst##_nb);
+#define BCAST_MUL_MAT_SHAPE(input, weight, dst)                                                                  \
+    int64_t bcast_##input##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                               \
+    int64_t bcast_##weight##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                              \
+    int64_t bcast_##dst##_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                                 \
+    size_t  bcast_##input##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                               \
+    size_t  bcast_##weight##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                              \
+    size_t  bcast_##dst##_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];                                                                 \
+    int64_t bcast_dims = ggml_cann_get_mulmat_bcast_shape(                                                       \
+        input->ne, weight->ne, dst->ne, input->nb, weight->nb, dst->nb, bcast_##input##_ne, bcast_##weight##_ne, \
+        bcast_##dst##_ne, bcast_##input##_nb, bcast_##weight##_nb, bcast_##dst##_nb);
 
-#define BCAST_MUL_MAT_PARAM(tensor) \
-    bcast_##tensor##_ne, bcast_##tensor##_nb, bcast_dims
+#define BCAST_MUL_MAT_PARAM(tensor) bcast_##tensor##_ne, bcast_##tensor##_nb, bcast_dims
 
 #endif  // CANN_ACL_TENSOR_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 437ece2d4a3..fc7c3e3b724
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -22,51 +22,61 @@
 
 #include "aclnn_ops.h"
 
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_add.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_add_rms_norm.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_addcdiv.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_argmax.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_avgpool2d.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_batch_matmul.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_cast.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_clamp.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_constant_pad_nd.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_convolution.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_copy.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_div.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_elu.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_embedding.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_eq_tensor.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_exp.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_fill_scalar.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_fused_infer_attention_score_v2.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_ger.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_group_norm.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_grouped_matmul_v3.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_gt_scalar.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_im2col.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_index_copy.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_index_fill_tensor.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_index_select.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_layer_norm.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_log.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_matmul.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_max_pool.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_mean.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_mm.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_mul.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_mv.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_permute.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_pow.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_pow_tensor_tensor.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_reduce_sum.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_reflection_pad1d.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_repeat.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_repeat_interleave.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_rms_norm.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_roll.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_softmax.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sub.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sum.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_threshold.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_tril.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_triu.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_upsample_nearest_2d.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_weight_quant_batch_matmul_v2.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_argmax.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sum.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_rms_norm.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_im2col.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_add.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sub.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_mul.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_div.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_convolution.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_elu.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_log.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_mean.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_reflection_pad1d.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_eq_tensor.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_gt_scalar.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_pow.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_grouped_matmul_v2.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_fused_infer_attention_score_v2.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_zero.h>
 #include <float.h>
 
 #include <cmath>
@@ -74,40 +84,71 @@
 #include <exception>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
-
 #define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
 
 #include "../ggml-common.h"
 
-
-void bcast_shape(ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, aclTensor ** acl_src0,
-                 aclTensor ** acl_src1, aclTensor ** acl_dst) {
+void bcast_shape(ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                 ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                 ggml_tensor *    dst,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_src0,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_src1,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst) && ggml_can_repeat(src1, src0));
     // Need bcast
     if (!ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1) && ggml_cann_need_bcast(src0, src1)) {
         BCAST_SHAPE(src0, src1)
-        *acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, BCAST_PARAM(src0));
-        *acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, BCAST_PARAM(src1));
-        *acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, BCAST_PARAM(src0));
+        acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, BCAST_PARAM(src0));
+        acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, BCAST_PARAM(src1));
+        acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, BCAST_PARAM(src0));
     } else {
-        *acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-        *acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-        *acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+        acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+        acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
+        acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_unary_op(
-    std::function<void(ggml_backend_cann_context&, aclTensor*, aclTensor*)> unary_op,
-    ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_op_unary(std::function<void(ggml_backend_cann_context &, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)> unary_op,
+                        ggml_backend_cann_context &                                                ctx,
+                        ggml_tensor *                                                              dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+
+    unary_op(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get());
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_op_unary_gated(std::function<void(ggml_backend_cann_context &, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)> unary_op,
+                              ggml_backend_cann_context &                                                ctx,
+                              ggml_tensor *                                                              dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src0, acl_src1;
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+        acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+        acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
+    } else {
+        int64_t ne[] = { src0->ne[0] / 2, src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3] };
+        size_t  nb[] = { src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3] };
+        acl_src0     = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, ne, nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND, 0);
+        acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, ne, nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND, ne[0] * ggml_element_size(src0));
+        if (swapped) {
+            std::swap(acl_src0, acl_src1);
+        }
+    }
 
-    unary_op(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    unary_op(ctx, acl_src0.get(), acl_dst.get());
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMul, acl_dst.get(), acl_src1.get());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -120,13 +161,14 @@ void ggml_cann_unary_op(
  * @param repeat_array The array specifying the number of repetitions along each
  * dimension.
  */
-static void aclnn_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                         aclTensor* acl_dst, int64_t* repeat_array) {
+static void aclnn_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                         aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                         aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                         int64_t *                   repeat_array) {
     // repeat tensor along each dim with repeat_array
-    aclIntArray* repeats = aclCreateIntArray(repeat_array, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    acl_int_array_ptr repeats = ggml_cann_create_int_array(repeat_array, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Repeat, acl_src, repeats, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, repeats);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Repeat, acl_src, repeats.get(), acl_dst);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -142,61 +184,60 @@ static void aclnn_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
  * @param cast_data_type The target data type to which the source tensor will be
  * casted.
  */
-static void aclnn_cast(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    aclTensor* acl_dst, aclDataType cast_data_type) {
+static void aclnn_cast(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                       aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                       aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                       aclDataType                 cast_data_type) {
     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cast, acl_src, cast_data_type, acl_dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(src, dst));
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    int64_t repeatsArray[] = {dst->ne[3] / src->ne[3], dst->ne[2] / src->ne[2],
-                              dst->ne[1] / src->ne[1], dst->ne[0] / src->ne[0]};
+    int64_t repeatsArray[] = { dst->ne[3] / src->ne[3], dst->ne[2] / src->ne[2], dst->ne[1] / src->ne[1],
+                               dst->ne[0] / src->ne[0] };
 
-    aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, repeatsArray);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get(), repeatsArray);
 }
 
-void aclnn_add(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src0,
-                      aclTensor* acl_src1, aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    float alphaValue = 1.0f;
-    aclScalar* alpha = aclCreateScalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    if (acl_dst != nullptr)
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Add, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha, acl_dst);
-    else
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, alpha);
+void aclnn_add(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src0, aclTensor * acl_src1, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+    float          alphaValue = 1.0f;
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    if (acl_dst != nullptr) {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Add, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha.get(), acl_dst);
+    } else {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha.get());
+    }
 }
 
-void aclnn_sub(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src0,
-    aclTensor* acl_src1, aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    float alphaValue = 1.0f;
-    aclScalar* alpha = aclCreateScalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    if (acl_dst != nullptr)
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Sub, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha, acl_dst);
-    else
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceSub, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, alpha);
+void aclnn_sub(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src0, aclTensor * acl_src1, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+    float          alphaValue = 1.0f;
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    if (acl_dst != nullptr) {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Sub, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha.get(), acl_dst);
+    } else {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceSub, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha.get());
+    }
 }
 
-void aclnn_mul(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    aclTensor* acl_other, aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    if (acl_dst != nullptr)
+void aclnn_mul(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_other, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+    if (acl_dst != nullptr) {
         GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Mul, acl_src, acl_other, acl_dst);
-    else
+    } else {
         GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMul, acl_src, acl_other);
+    }
 }
 
-void aclnn_div(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    aclTensor* acl_other, aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    if (acl_dst != nullptr)
+void aclnn_div(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_other, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+    if (acl_dst != nullptr) {
         GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Div, acl_src, acl_other, acl_dst);
-    else
+    } else {
         GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceDiv, acl_src, acl_other);
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -221,33 +262,30 @@ void aclnn_div(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
  * @param inplace Flag indicating whether to perform the operation in-place on
  * `acl_src`.
  */
-static void aclnn_muls(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    float scale, aclTensor* acl_dst, bool inplace) {
-    aclScalar* acl_scale = aclCreateScalar(&scale, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+static void aclnn_muls(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                       aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                       float                       scale,
+                       aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                       bool                        inplace) {
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_scale = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&scale, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
     if (inplace) {
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMuls, acl_src, acl_scale);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMuls, acl_src, acl_scale.get());
     } else {
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Muls, acl_src, acl_scale, acl_dst);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Muls, acl_src, acl_scale.get(), acl_dst);
     }
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_scale);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
     float negative_slope;
     memcpy(&negative_slope, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-    aclScalar* acl_negative_slope =
-        aclCreateScalar(&negative_slope, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_negative_slope = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&negative_slope, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, LeakyRelu, acl_src, acl_negative_slope, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_negative_slope, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, LeakyRelu, acl_src.get(), acl_negative_slope.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -260,29 +298,27 @@ void ggml_cann_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * stored.
  * @param concat_dim The dimension along which the tensors will be concatenated.
  */
-static void aclnn_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                         aclTensorList* tensorList, aclTensor* acl_dst,
-                         int64_t concat_dim) {
+static void aclnn_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                         aclTensorList *             tensorList,
+                         aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                         int64_t                     concat_dim) {
     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cat, tensorList, concat_dim, acl_dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];
-    aclTensor* acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+void ggml_cann_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor *  src0     = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor *  src1     = dst->src[1];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
     const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
 
     GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
     int32_t acl_dim = 3 - dim;
 
-    aclTensor* tensors[] = {acl_src0, acl_src1};
-    aclTensorList* tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(tensors, 2);
-    aclnn_concat(ctx, tensor_list, acl_dst, acl_dim);
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, tensor_list, acl_dst);
+    acl_tensor_list_ptr tensor_list = ggml_cann_create_tensor_list(acl_src0, acl_src1);
+    aclnn_concat(ctx, tensor_list.get(), acl_dst.get(), acl_dim);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -302,169 +338,277 @@ void ggml_cann_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param step The step size between consecutive values.
  * @param n_elements The number of elements in the destination tensor.
  */
-static void aclnn_arange(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_dst,
-                         float start, float stop, float step,
-                         int64_t n_elements) {
-    int64_t steps = (int64_t)std::ceil((stop - start) / step);
+static void aclnn_arange(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                         aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                         float                       start,
+                         float                       stop,
+                         float                       step,
+                         int64_t                     n_elements) {
+    int64_t steps = (int64_t) std::ceil((stop - start) / step);
     GGML_ASSERT(n_elements == steps);
 
-    aclScalar* acl_start = aclCreateScalar(&start, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    aclScalar* acl_end = aclCreateScalar(&stop, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    aclScalar* acl_step = aclCreateScalar(&step, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_start = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&start, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_end   = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&stop, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_step  = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&step, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Arange, acl_start, acl_end, acl_step, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_start, acl_end, acl_step);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Arange, acl_start.get(), acl_end.get(), acl_step.get(), acl_dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_arange(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+void ggml_cann_arange(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
     int64_t n_elements = ggml_nelements(dst);
-    float start;
-    float stop;
-    float step;
-    memcpy(&start, (float*)dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&stop, (float*)dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&step, (float*)dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+    float   start;
+    float   stop;
+    float   step;
+    memcpy(&start, (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&stop, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&step, (float *) dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
 
-    aclnn_arange(ctx, acl_dst, start, stop, step, n_elements);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_dst);
+    aclnn_arange(ctx, acl_dst.get(), start, stop, step, n_elements);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_clamp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_clamp(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
     float min;
     float max;
     memcpy(&min, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&max, (float*)dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    aclScalar* acl_min = aclCreateScalar(&min, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    aclScalar* acl_max = aclCreateScalar(&max, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_min = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&min, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_max = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&max, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Clamp, acl_src, acl_min, acl_max, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_min, acl_max, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Clamp, acl_src.get(), acl_min.get(), acl_max.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_scale(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_scale(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
     // scale factor
     float v;
     memcpy(&v, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
-    aclScalar* scale = aclCreateScalar(&v, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_scalar_ptr scale   = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&v, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Muls, acl_src, scale, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, scale, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Muls, acl_src.get(), scale.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_argsort(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
-    enum ggml_sort_order order = (enum ggml_sort_order)dst->op_params[0];
+void ggml_cann_argsort(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor *        src   = dst->src[0];
+    enum ggml_sort_order order = (enum ggml_sort_order) dst->op_params[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc temp_buffer_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(int64_t));
-    void* buffer = temp_buffer_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ACL_INT64, ggml_type_size(dst->type),
-                                dst->ne, dst->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Argsort, acl_src, -1, (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC ? true : false),
-                      tmp_tensor);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cast, tmp_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, tmp_tensor, acl_dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc temp_buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(int64_t));
+    void *               buffer = temp_buffer_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ACL_INT64, ggml_type_size(dst->type), dst->ne, dst->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Argsort, acl_src.get(), -1, (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC ? true : false),
+                            tmp_tensor.get());
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cast, tmp_tensor.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
     float eps;
     memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
-    std::vector<int64_t> normData = {dst->ne[0]};
-    aclIntArray* norm = aclCreateIntArray(normData.data(), normData.size());
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, LayerNorm, acl_src, norm, nullptr, nullptr,
-                    eps, acl_dst, nullptr, nullptr);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, norm, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    std::vector<int64_t> normData = { dst->ne[0] };
+    acl_int_array_ptr    norm     = ggml_cann_create_int_array(normData.data(), normData.size());
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, LayerNorm, acl_src.get(), norm.get(), nullptr, nullptr, eps, acl_dst.get(), nullptr,
+                            nullptr);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_group_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_l2_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+
+    size_t               type_size = ggml_type_size(src->type);
+    int64_t              n_bytes   = src->ne[3] * src->ne[2] * src->ne[1] * type_size;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc temp_buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_bytes);
+    void *               buffer = temp_buffer_allocator.get();
+
+    int64_t div_ne[] = { 1, src->ne[1], src->ne[2], src->ne[3] };
+    size_t  div_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    div_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+        div_nb[i] = div_nb[i - 1] * div_ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_div = ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ACL_FLOAT, type_size, div_ne, div_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> norm_dims  = { 3 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr    dims_array = ggml_cann_create_int_array(norm_dims.data(), norm_dims.size());
+
+    float          p_value  = 2.0f;
+    acl_scalar_ptr p_scalar = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&p_value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Norm, acl_src.get(), p_scalar.get(), dims_array.get(), true, acl_div.get());
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Div, acl_src.get(), acl_div.get(), acl_dst.get());
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_cross_entropy_loss(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    const int64_t nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    int64_t logits_ne[] = { nc, nr };
+    size_t  logits_nb[2];
+    logits_nb[0]              = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    logits_nb[1]              = logits_nb[0] * logits_ne[0];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_logits = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0->data, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), logits_ne, logits_nb, 2);
+
+    size_t               log_softmax_type_size = sizeof(float);
+    int64_t              log_softmax_n_bytes   = nr * nc * log_softmax_type_size;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc log_softmax_allocator(ctx.pool(), log_softmax_n_bytes);
+    void *               log_softmax_buffer = log_softmax_allocator.get();
+
+    int64_t log_softmax_ne[] = { nc, nr };
+    size_t  log_softmax_nb[2];
+    log_softmax_nb[0]              = log_softmax_type_size;
+    log_softmax_nb[1]              = log_softmax_nb[0] * log_softmax_ne[0];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_log_softmax = ggml_cann_create_tensor(log_softmax_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, log_softmax_type_size,
+                                                             log_softmax_ne, log_softmax_nb, 2);
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, LogSoftmax, acl_logits.get(), 1, acl_log_softmax.get());
+
+    int64_t labels_ne[] = { nc, nr };
+    size_t  labels_nb[2];
+    labels_nb[0]              = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    labels_nb[1]              = labels_nb[0] * labels_ne[0];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_labels = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1->data, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), labels_ne, labels_nb, 2);
+
+    size_t               mul_type_size = sizeof(float);
+    int64_t              mul_n_bytes   = nr * nc * mul_type_size;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc mul_allocator(ctx.pool(), mul_n_bytes);
+    void *               mul_buffer = mul_allocator.get();
+
+    int64_t mul_ne[] = { nc, nr };
+    size_t  mul_nb[2];
+    mul_nb[0]                     = mul_type_size;
+    mul_nb[1]                     = mul_nb[0] * mul_ne[0];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_mul_result = ggml_cann_create_tensor(mul_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, mul_type_size, mul_ne, mul_nb, 2);
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Mul, acl_log_softmax.get(), acl_labels.get(), acl_mul_result.get());
+
+    size_t               sum_per_sample_type_size = sizeof(float);
+    int64_t              sum_per_sample_n_bytes   = nr * sum_per_sample_type_size;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sum_per_sample_allocator(ctx.pool(), sum_per_sample_n_bytes);
+    void *               sum_per_sample_buffer = sum_per_sample_allocator.get();
+
+    int64_t sum_per_sample_ne[] = { nr };
+    size_t  sum_per_sample_nb[1];
+    sum_per_sample_nb[0]              = sum_per_sample_type_size;
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_sum_per_sample = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+        sum_per_sample_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sum_per_sample_type_size, sum_per_sample_ne, sum_per_sample_nb, 1);
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> sum_dims   = { 1 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr    dims_array = ggml_cann_create_int_array(sum_dims.data(), sum_dims.size());
+    bool                 keep_dims  = false;
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ReduceSum, acl_mul_result.get(), dims_array.get(), keep_dims, ACL_FLOAT,
+                            acl_sum_per_sample.get());
+
+    size_t               total_sum_type_size = sizeof(float);
+    int64_t              total_sum_n_bytes   = 1 * total_sum_type_size;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc total_sum_allocator(ctx.pool(), total_sum_n_bytes);
+    void *               total_sum_buffer = total_sum_allocator.get();
+
+    int64_t total_sum_ne[] = { 1 };
+    size_t  total_sum_nb[1];
+    total_sum_nb[0] = total_sum_type_size;
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_total_sum =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(total_sum_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, total_sum_type_size, total_sum_ne, total_sum_nb, 1);
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> total_sum_dims    = { 0 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr total_sum_dims_array = ggml_cann_create_int_array(total_sum_dims.data(), total_sum_dims.size());
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ReduceSum, acl_sum_per_sample.get(), total_sum_dims_array.get(), keep_dims, ACL_FLOAT,
+                            acl_total_sum.get());
+
+    float          value        = -1.0f / static_cast<float>(nr);
+    acl_scalar_ptr scale_factor = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst->data, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), total_sum_ne, total_sum_nb, 1);
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Muls, acl_total_sum.get(), scale_factor.get(), acl_dst.get());
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_group_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
     int n_groups = dst->op_params[0];
 
     float eps;
     memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    int64_t N = src->ne[3];
-    int64_t C = src->ne[2];
+    int64_t N   = src->ne[3];
+    int64_t C   = src->ne[2];
     int64_t HxW = src->ne[1] * src->ne[0];
 
-    size_t type_size = ggml_type_size(src->type);
-    int64_t ne[] = {n_groups, N};
-    size_t nb[] = {type_size, type_size * n_groups};
-    size_t n_bytes = N * n_groups;
+    size_t  type_size = ggml_type_size(src->type);
+    int64_t ne[]      = { n_groups, N };
+    size_t  nb[]      = { type_size, type_size * n_groups };
+    size_t  n_bytes   = N * n_groups;
 
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc temp_buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_bytes * 2);
-    void* buffer = temp_buffer_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* acl_mean_out = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        buffer, ACL_FLOAT, type_size, ne, nb, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    aclTensor* acl_rstd_out = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        (char*)buffer + n_bytes, ACL_FLOAT, type_size, ne, nb, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    void *               buffer       = temp_buffer_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_mean_out = ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ACL_FLOAT, type_size, ne, nb, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_rstd_out =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) buffer + n_bytes, ACL_FLOAT, type_size, ne, nb, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GroupNorm, acl_src, nullptr, nullptr, N, C, HxW, n_groups, eps,
-        acl_dst, acl_mean_out, acl_rstd_out);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, acl_mean_out, acl_rstd_out);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GroupNorm, acl_src.get(), nullptr, nullptr, N, C, HxW, n_groups, eps, acl_dst.get(),
+                            acl_mean_out.get(), acl_rstd_out.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_acc(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];
+void ggml_cann_acc(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    size_t nb1 = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[0];
-    size_t nb2 = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[1];
-    size_t nb3 = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[2];
-    size_t offset = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[3];
-    bool inplace = (bool)((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[4];
+    size_t nb1     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
+    size_t nb2     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    size_t nb3     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
+    size_t offset  = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
+    bool   inplace = (bool) ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
 
-    size_t param_nb[] = {ggml_element_size(src0), nb1, nb2, nb3};
+    size_t param_nb[] = { ggml_element_size(src0), nb1, nb2, nb3 };
 
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        dst, src1->ne, param_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
-    aclTensor* acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, src1->ne, param_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
 
-    aclScalar* alpha = nullptr;
-    float alphaValue = 1.0f;
-    alpha = aclCreateScalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = nullptr;
+    float          alphaValue = 1.0f;
+    alpha                     = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
     if (!inplace) {
         size_t cpy_size = ggml_nbytes(dst);
-        ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, dst->data, src0->data, cpy_size,
-            ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
-        aclTensor* acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            src0, src1->ne, src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
+        ACL_CHECK(
+            aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, cpy_size, src0->data, cpy_size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE, ctx.stream()));
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_src0 =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src1->ne, src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
 
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Add, acl_src0, acl_src1, alpha, acl_dst);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Add, acl_src0.get(), acl_src1.get(), alpha.get(), acl_dst.get());
     } else {
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, acl_dst, acl_src1, alpha);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, acl_dst.get(), acl_src1.get(), alpha.get());
     }
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src1, acl_dst);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -477,42 +621,36 @@ void ggml_cann_acc(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param dim An array of dimension indices.
  * @param dim_size The number of dimensions.
  */
-static void aclnn_reduce_sum(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
-                             int64_t* dim, size_t dim_size) {
+static void aclnn_reduce_sum(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, int64_t * dim, size_t dim_size) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == 1);
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
-    aclIntArray* reduce_dims = aclCreateIntArray(dim, dim_size);
+    ggml_tensor *     src         = dst->src[0];
+    acl_tensor_ptr    acl_src     = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr    acl_dst     = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_int_array_ptr reduce_dims = ggml_cann_create_int_array(dim, dim_size);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ReduceSum, acl_src, reduce_dims, true,
-                      ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, reduce_dims);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ReduceSum, acl_src.get(), reduce_dims.get(), true, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                            acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    int64_t reduce_dims[] = {3};
+void ggml_cann_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    int64_t reduce_dims[] = { 3 };
     aclnn_reduce_sum(ctx, dst, reduce_dims, 1);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_sum(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    int64_t reduce_dims[] = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+void ggml_cann_sum(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    int64_t reduce_dims[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
     aclnn_reduce_sum(ctx, dst, reduce_dims, 4);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_upsample_nearest2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                  ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
-    aclTensor* acl_src =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(src, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
+void ggml_cann_upsample_nearest2d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor *  src     = dst->src[0];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
 
-    std::vector<int64_t> output_size{dst->ne[1], dst->ne[0]};
-    auto output_size_array = aclCreateIntArray(output_size.data(), 2);
+    std::vector<int64_t> output_size{ dst->ne[1], dst->ne[0] };
+    acl_int_array_ptr    output_size_array = ggml_cann_create_int_array(output_size.data(), 2);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, UpsampleNearest2d, acl_src, output_size_array, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, output_size_array);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, UpsampleNearest2d, acl_src.get(), output_size_array.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -529,30 +667,37 @@ void ggml_cann_upsample_nearest2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
  * The size of the array should be twice the number of dimensions of the tensor.
  * @param value The value to be used for padding. The default value is 0.0.
  */
-static void aclnn_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                      aclTensor* acl_dst, int64_t* paddings,
-                      float value = 0.0f) {
-    aclIntArray* acl_pad = aclCreateIntArray(paddings, GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2);
-    aclScalar* acl_value = aclCreateScalar(&value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+static void aclnn_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                      aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                      aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                      int64_t *                   paddings,
+                      float                       value = 0.0f) {
+    acl_int_array_ptr acl_pad   = ggml_cann_create_int_array(paddings, GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2);
+    acl_scalar_ptr    acl_value = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ConstantPadNd, acl_src, acl_pad, acl_value, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_pad, acl_value);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ConstantPadNd, acl_src, acl_pad.get(), acl_value.get(), acl_dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+void ggml_cann_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor *  src     = dst->src[0];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
     // padding: value in the array means how much distance will be padding.
     // the position of elements in the array means which dirction to padding,
     // each position means: [dim0.front, dim0.behind, dim1.front, dim1.behind,
     //                       dim2.front, dim2.behind, dim3.front, dim3.behind]
-    int64_t paddings[] = {
-        0, dst->ne[0] - src->ne[0], 0, dst->ne[1] - src->ne[1],
-        0, dst->ne[2] - src->ne[2], 0, dst->ne[3] - src->ne[3]};
-    aclnn_pad(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, paddings);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    const int32_t lp0 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const int32_t rp0 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const int32_t lp1 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 2);
+    const int32_t rp1 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 3);
+    const int32_t lp2 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 4);
+    const int32_t rp2 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 5);
+    const int32_t lp3 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 6);
+    const int32_t rp3 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 7);
+
+    int64_t paddings[] = { lp0, rp0, lp1, rp1, lp2, rp2, lp3, rp3 };
+    aclnn_pad(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get(), paddings);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -567,46 +712,40 @@ void ggml_cann_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored. The source
  * tensor is referenced by `dst->src[0]`.
  */
-static void ggml_cann_avg_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                 ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+static void ggml_cann_avg_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
     GGML_ASSERT(src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(src, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
-
-    const int32_t* opts = (const int32_t*)dst->op_params;
-    const int k0 = opts[1];
-    const int k1 = opts[2];
-    const int s0 = opts[3];
-    const int s1 = opts[4];
-    const int p0 = opts[5];
-    const int p1 = opts[6];
-
-    std::vector<int64_t> kernel_dims = {k1, k0};
-    std::vector<int64_t> stride_dims = {s1, s0};
-    std::vector<int64_t> padding_avg_dims = {p1, p0};  // (padH, padW)
-
-    auto* kernel_size = aclCreateIntArray(kernel_dims.data(), 2);
-    auto* strides = aclCreateIntArray(stride_dims.data(), 2);
-    auto* paddings_avg = aclCreateIntArray(padding_avg_dims.data(), 2);
-
-    bool ceil_mode = false;
-    bool count_include_pad = true;
-    int64_t divisor_override = 0;
-    int8_t cube_math_type = 0;
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
+
+    const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    const int       k0   = opts[1];
+    const int       k1   = opts[2];
+    const int       s0   = opts[3];
+    const int       s1   = opts[4];
+    const int       p0   = opts[5];
+    const int       p1   = opts[6];
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> kernel_dims      = { k1, k0 };
+    std::vector<int64_t> stride_dims      = { s1, s0 };
+    std::vector<int64_t> padding_avg_dims = { p1, p0 };  // (padH, padW)
+
+    acl_int_array_ptr kernel_size  = ggml_cann_create_int_array(kernel_dims.data(), 2);
+    acl_int_array_ptr strides      = ggml_cann_create_int_array(stride_dims.data(), 2);
+    acl_int_array_ptr paddings_avg = ggml_cann_create_int_array(padding_avg_dims.data(), 2);
+
+    bool    ceil_mode         = false;
+    bool    count_include_pad = true;
+    int64_t divisor_override  = 0;
+    int8_t  cube_math_type    = 0;
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
     cube_math_type = 1;
 #endif
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, AvgPool2d, acl_src, kernel_size, strides, paddings_avg,
-                    ceil_mode, count_include_pad, divisor_override,
-                    cube_math_type, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, kernel_size, strides,
-                                paddings_avg);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, AvgPool2d, acl_src.get(), kernel_size.get(), strides.get(), paddings_avg.get(),
+                            ceil_mode, count_include_pad, divisor_override, cube_math_type, acl_dst.get());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -621,68 +760,60 @@ static void ggml_cann_avg_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored. The source
  * tensor is referenced by `dst->src[0]`.
  */
-static void ggml_cann_max_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                 ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+static void ggml_cann_max_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
     GGML_ASSERT(src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(src, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, nullptr, nullptr, 0, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
 
-    const int32_t* opts = (const int32_t*)dst->op_params;
-    const int k0 = opts[1];
-    const int k1 = opts[2];
-    const int s0 = opts[3];
-    const int s1 = opts[4];
-    const int p0 = opts[5];
-    const int p1 = opts[6];
+    const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    const int       k0   = opts[1];
+    const int       k1   = opts[2];
+    const int       s0   = opts[3];
+    const int       s1   = opts[4];
+    const int       p0   = opts[5];
+    const int       p1   = opts[6];
 
-    int64_t temp_ne[] = {src->ne[0] + p0 * 2, src->ne[1] + p1 * 2, src->ne[2],
-                         src->ne[3]};
-    size_t temp_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    int64_t temp_ne[] = { src->ne[0] + p0 * 2, src->ne[1] + p1 * 2, src->ne[2], src->ne[3] };
+    size_t  temp_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
 
     temp_nb[0] = ggml_element_size(src);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
         temp_nb[i] = temp_nb[i - 1] * temp_ne[i - 1];
     }
 
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc temp_buffer_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src) + p0 * 2 + p1 * 2 * src->nb[1]);
-    void* buffer = temp_buffer_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        buffer, ACL_FLOAT, ggml_element_size(src), temp_ne, temp_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc temp_buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src) + p0 * 2 + p1 * 2 * src->nb[1]);
+    void *               buffer = temp_buffer_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr tmp_tensor   = ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ACL_FLOAT, ggml_element_size(src), temp_ne, temp_nb,
+                                                          GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_NCHW);
 
     // pad: see padding in ggml_cann_pad()
-    int64_t paddings[] = {p0, p0, p1, p1, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-    float value = -FLT_MAX;
-    aclnn_pad(ctx, acl_src, tmp_tensor, paddings, value);
+    int64_t paddings[] = { p0, p0, p1, p1, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+    float   value      = -FLT_MAX;
+    aclnn_pad(ctx, acl_src.get(), tmp_tensor.get(), paddings, value);
 
     // max_pool
-    std::vector<int64_t> kernel_dims = {k1, k0};
-    std::vector<int64_t> stride_dims = {s1, s0};
+    std::vector<int64_t> kernel_dims      = { k1, k0 };
+    std::vector<int64_t> stride_dims      = { s1, s0 };
     // padding_max_dims: [dim0_start, dim0_end, dim1_start, dim1_end]
-    std::vector<int64_t> padding_max_dims = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-    std::vector<int64_t> dilation_size = {1, 1};
-    auto* kernel_size = aclCreateIntArray(kernel_dims.data(), 2);
-    auto* strides = aclCreateIntArray(stride_dims.data(), 2);
-    auto* paddings_max = aclCreateIntArray(padding_max_dims.data(), 4);
-    auto* dilations = aclCreateIntArray(dilation_size.data(), 2);
-
-    bool ceil_mode = false;
+    std::vector<int64_t> padding_max_dims = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+    std::vector<int64_t> dilation_size    = { 1, 1 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr    kernel_size      = ggml_cann_create_int_array(kernel_dims.data(), 2);
+    acl_int_array_ptr    strides          = ggml_cann_create_int_array(stride_dims.data(), 2);
+    acl_int_array_ptr    paddings_max     = ggml_cann_create_int_array(padding_max_dims.data(), 4);
+    acl_int_array_ptr    dilations        = ggml_cann_create_int_array(dilation_size.data(), 2);
+
+    bool    ceil_mode = false;
     int64_t auto_pads = 0;
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, MaxPool, tmp_tensor, kernel_size, strides, auto_pads,
-                    paddings_max, dilations, ceil_mode, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, tmp_tensor, kernel_size,
-                                strides, paddings_max, dilations);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, MaxPool, tmp_tensor.get(), kernel_size.get(), strides.get(), auto_pads,
+                            paddings_max.get(), dilations.get(), ceil_mode, acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    const int32_t* opts = (const int32_t*)dst->op_params;
-    enum ggml_op_pool op = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(opts[0]);
+void ggml_cann_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const int32_t *   opts = (const int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    enum ggml_op_pool op   = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(opts[0]);
     switch (op) {
         case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:
             ggml_cann_avg_pool2d(ctx, dst);
@@ -706,77 +837,56 @@ void ggml_cann_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param acl_src The source tensor from which data will be copied.
  * @param acl_dst The destination tensor where the data will be copied to.
  */
-static void cann_copy(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                      aclTensor* acl_dst) {
+static void cann_copy(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceCopy, acl_dst, acl_src);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_dup(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_dup(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
     if (ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst)) {
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
         if (dst->type == src0->type) {
-            cann_copy(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+            cann_copy(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get());
         } else {
-            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
+            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
         }
     } else {
-        if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-            if (dst->type == src0->type) {
-                size_t cpy_size = ggml_nbytes(dst);
-                ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, dst->data, src0->data, cpy_size,
-                    ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
-                return;
-            } else {
-                ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_buffer_allocator(
-                    ctx.pool(),
-                    ggml_nelements(dst) * ggml_type_size(dst->type));
-                void* src_trans_buffer = src_buffer_allocator.get();
-                size_t src_trans_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-                src_trans_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
-                for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                    src_trans_nb[i] = src_trans_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
-                }
-                aclTensor* src_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    src_trans_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-                    ggml_type_size(dst->type), src0->ne, src_trans_nb,
-                    GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-                aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src, src_trans_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
-                size_t cpy_size = ggml_nbytes(dst);
-                ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, dst->data, src_trans_buffer, cpy_size,
-                    ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, src_trans_tensor);
-                return;
-            }
-        } else if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_buffer_allocator(
-                ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * ggml_type_size(dst->type));
-            void* src_trans_buffer = src_buffer_allocator.get();
+        void *               src_trans_buffer = src0->data;
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_buffer_allocator;
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+            src_buffer_allocator.alloc(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(src0) * ggml_type_size(src0->type));
+            src_trans_buffer = src_buffer_allocator.get();
             size_t src_trans_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-            src_trans_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+            src_trans_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
             for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                 src_trans_nb[i] = src_trans_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
             }
-            aclTensor* src_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src_trans_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-                ggml_type_size(dst->type), src0->ne, src_trans_nb,
-                GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src, src_trans_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
-
-            size_t cpy_size = ggml_nbytes(dst);
-            ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, dst->data, src_trans_buffer, cpy_size,
-                ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, src_trans_tensor);
-            return;
+            acl_tensor_ptr src_trans_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(src_trans_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
+                                        ggml_type_size(src0->type), src0->ne, src_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            cann_copy(ctx, acl_src.get(), src_trans_tensor.get());
+        }
+
+        size_t src_reshape_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        src_reshape_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+        for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            src_reshape_nb[i] = src_reshape_nb[i - 1] * dst->ne[i - 1];
+        }
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr trans_acl_src =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src_trans_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_type_size(src0->type),
+                                    dst->ne, src_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+
+        if (dst->type == src0->type) {
+            cann_copy(ctx, trans_acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get());
         } else {
-            GGML_ABORT("Unsupport dst is not tontiguous.");
+            aclnn_cast(ctx, trans_acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
         }
     }
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -793,21 +903,25 @@ void ggml_cann_dup(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param dims The number of dimensions of the tensor.
  * @param type The data type of the tensor.
  * @param type_size The size of each element in the tensor data type.
- * @return An ACL tensor initialized with zeros.
+ * @return A tensor smart pointer initialized with zeros.
  */
-static aclTensor* aclnn_zero(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, void* buffer,
-                             size_t n_bytes, int64_t* ne, int64_t dims,
-                             aclDataType type, size_t type_size) {
+static acl_tensor_ptr aclnn_zero(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                 void *                      buffer,
+                                 size_t                      n_bytes,
+                                 int64_t *                   ne,
+                                 int64_t                     dims,
+                                 aclDataType                 type,
+                                 size_t                      type_size) {
     size_t nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
     nb[0] = type_size;
     for (int i = 1; i < dims; i++) {
         nb[i] = nb[i - 1] * ne[i - 1];
     }
 
-    ggml_cann_async_memset(ctx, buffer, n_bytes, 0);
-    aclTensor* zero =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, type, type_size, ne, nb, dims);
+    acl_tensor_ptr zero = ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, type, type_size, ne, nb, dims);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceZero, zero.get());
     return zero;
+    GGML_UNUSED(n_bytes);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -826,74 +940,159 @@ static aclTensor* aclnn_zero(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, void* buffer,
  * @param type_size The size of each element in the tensor data type.
  * @param value The value to be used for initializing the tensor (default
  * is 1.0).
- * @return An ACL tensor initialized with value.
+ * @return A tensor smart pointer initialized with value.
  */
-static aclTensor* aclnn_values(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, void* buffer,
-                               size_t n_bytes, int64_t* ne, int64_t dims,
-                               aclDataType type, size_t type_size,
-                               float value = 1.0f) {
-    aclTensor* acl_tensor =
-        aclnn_zero(ctx, buffer, n_bytes, ne, dims, type, type_size);
-    float alpha_host = 1.0f;
-    aclScalar* alpha = aclCreateScalar(&alpha_host, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    aclScalar* other = aclCreateScalar(&value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdds, acl_tensor, other, alpha);
+static acl_tensor_ptr aclnn_values(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                   void *                      buffer,
+                                   size_t                      n_bytes,
+                                   int64_t *                   ne,
+                                   int64_t                     dims,
+                                   aclDataType                 type,
+                                   size_t                      type_size,
+                                   float                       value = 1.0f) {
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_tensor = aclnn_zero(ctx, buffer, n_bytes, ne, dims, type, type_size);
+    float          alpha_host = 1.0f;
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alpha_host, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    acl_scalar_ptr other      = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdds, acl_tensor.get(), other.get(), alpha.get());
     return acl_tensor;
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+/**
+ * @brief Fills a tensor with a scalar value.
+ *
+ * This function fills the destination tensor `acl_dst` with the scalar value
+ * `scalar`.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The context for the CANN backend operations.
+ * @param scalar The scalar value used to fill the tensor.
+ * @param acl_dst The destination tensor to be filled with the scalar value.
+ */
+static void aclnn_fill_scalar(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, float scalar, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+    acl_scalar_ptr acl_scalar = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&scalar, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceFillScalar, acl_dst, acl_scalar.get());
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get or expand a cached tensor filled with a scalar value.
+ *
+ * This function manages cached device memory for tensors. If the current
+ * cache size is insufficient for the requested tensor shape, the old memory will
+ * be released and new memory will be allocated. The allocated buffer is
+ * initialized  with the given scalar value using CANN operations.
+ * Finally, an aclTensor object is created from the cached memory and returned.
+ *
+ * @param ctx           The CANN backend context that manages device memory.
+ * @param buffer        A pointer to the cached device buffer (will be allocated
+ *                      or reallocated if necessary).
+ * @param cache_element The current number of cached elements. This will be
+ *                      updated when the cache is expanded.
+ * @param ne            The tensor shape array (number of elements in each dimension).
+ * @param nb            The stride size for each dimension.
+ * @param dtype         Data type of cached tensor.
+ * @param dims          The number of tensor dimensions.
+ * @param value         The scalar value used to fill the tensor (supports zero
+ *                      initialization via memset or arbitrary values via fill_scalar).
+ * @return              A tensor smart pointer created from the cached buffer.
+ */
+static acl_tensor_ptr get_cache_acl_tensor(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                           void **                     buffer,
+                                           int64_t &                   cache_element,
+                                           int64_t *                   ne,
+                                           size_t *                    nb,
+                                           ggml_type                   dtype,
+                                           int64_t                     dims,
+                                           float                       value) {
+    // Calculate total number of elements
+    int64_t n_element = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < dims; i++) {
+        n_element *= ne[i];
+    }
+    size_t size = n_element * ggml_type_size(dtype);
+
+    // Allocate or expand cache if needed
+    if (cache_element < n_element) {
+        if (*buffer != nullptr) {
+            aclrtFree(*buffer);
+            *buffer = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(buffer, size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+        cache_element = n_element;
+
+        // Initialize cache
+        int64_t        pool_ne[1] = { n_element };
+        size_t         pool_nb[1] = { ggml_type_size(dtype) };
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_value =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(*buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dtype), ggml_type_size(dtype), pool_ne, pool_nb, 1);
+        aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, value, acl_value.get());
+    }
+
+    return ggml_cann_create_tensor(*buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dtype), ggml_type_size(dtype), ne, nb, dims);
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
     float eps;
     memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-    size_t one_tensor_n_bytes = src->ne[0] * ggml_element_size(src);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc one_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), one_tensor_n_bytes);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_gamma = aclnn_values(
-        ctx, one_tensor_allocator.get(), one_tensor_n_bytes, src->ne, 1,
-        ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type), ggml_element_size(src));
+    // build gamma.
+    size_t acl_gamma_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    // gamma's type is the same with dst.
+    acl_gamma_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        acl_gamma_nb[i] = acl_gamma_nb[i - 1] * src->ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_gamma = get_cache_acl_tensor(
+        ctx, &ctx.rms_norm_one_tensor_cache.cache, ctx.rms_norm_one_tensor_cache.size, src->ne, acl_gamma_nb, dst->type,
+        1,    // dims
+        1.0f  // value
+    );
+
+    // build rstd.
+    int64_t acl_rstd_ne[] = { src->ne[1], src->ne[2], src->ne[3] };
+    size_t  acl_rstd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1];
+    // rstd will always be F32.
+    acl_rstd_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i++) {
+        acl_rstd_nb[i] = acl_rstd_nb[i - 1] * acl_rstd_ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_rstd =
+        get_cache_acl_tensor(ctx, &ctx.rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache.cache, ctx.rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache.size,
+                             acl_rstd_ne, acl_rstd_nb, GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1,
+                             0.0f  // value
+        );
 
-    size_t zero_tensor_n_bytes =
-        src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] * src->ne[3] * ggml_element_size(src);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc zero_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), zero_tensor_n_bytes);
-    aclTensor* acl_rstd =
-        aclnn_zero(ctx, zero_tensor_allocator.get(), zero_tensor_n_bytes,
-                   src->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
-                   ggml_element_size(src));
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RmsNorm, acl_src, acl_gamma, eps, acl_dst, acl_rstd);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, acl_gamma, acl_rstd);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RmsNorm, acl_src.get(), acl_gamma.get(), eps, acl_dst.get(), acl_rstd.get());
 }
 
 // TODO: performace is low.
-void ggml_cann_diag_mask(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
-                         float value) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_diag_mask(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, float value) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    const int n_past = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[0];
+    const int n_past = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
 
-    size_t one_tensor_n_bytes = src->ne[0] * src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] *
-                                src->ne[3] * ggml_element_size(src);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc one_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), one_tensor_n_bytes);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc one_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src));
+    void *               buffer = one_tensor_allocator.get();
 
-    aclTensor* mask_tensor =
-        aclnn_values(ctx, one_tensor_allocator.get(), one_tensor_n_bytes,
-                     src->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
-                     ggml_element_size(src), value);
+    acl_tensor_ptr mask_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
+                                                         ggml_type_size(src->type), src->ne, src->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
-    aclScalar* alpha = nullptr;
-    float alphaValue = 1.0f;
-    alpha = aclCreateScalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, value, mask_tensor.get());
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceTriu, mask_tensor, n_past + 1);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Tril, acl_src, n_past + 1, acl_dst);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, acl_dst, mask_tensor, alpha);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, alpha, acl_src, acl_dst, mask_tensor);
+    float          alphaValue = 1.0f;
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceTriu, mask_tensor.get(), n_past + 1);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Tril, acl_src.get(), n_past + 1, acl_dst.get());
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, acl_dst.get(), mask_tensor.get(), alpha.get());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -911,129 +1110,121 @@ void ggml_cann_diag_mask(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
  * tensor.
  * @param dims The number of dimensions in the tensor.
  */
-static void aclnn_permute(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                          aclTensor* acl_dst, int64_t* new_dim, uint64_t dims) {
-    aclIntArray* acl_dims = aclCreateIntArray(new_dim, dims);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Permute, acl_src, acl_dims, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_dims);
-}
-
-static void ggml_cann_im2col_2d_post_process(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                             ggml_tensor* dst,
-                                             ggml_tensor* src1,
-                                             aclTensor* tmp_cast_tensor,
-                                             aclTensor* tmp_im2col_tensor) {
+static void aclnn_permute(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                          aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                          aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                          int64_t *                   new_dim,
+                          uint64_t                    dims) {
+    acl_int_array_ptr acl_dims = ggml_cann_create_int_array(new_dim, dims);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Permute, acl_src, acl_dims.get(), acl_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_cann_im2col_2d_post_process(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                             ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                                             ggml_tensor *               src1,
+                                             aclTensor *                 tmp_cast_tensor,
+                                             aclTensor *                 tmp_im2col_tensor) {
     // Permute: [N, IC * KH * KW, OW * OH] -> [N, OW * OH, IC * KH * KW]
-    int64_t dst_ne[] = {dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1] * dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3]};
-    size_t dst_nb[] = {dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[3]};
-    aclTensor* acl_dst =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst_ne, dst_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1);
+    int64_t        dst_ne[] = { dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1] * dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3] };
+    size_t         dst_nb[] = { dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[3] };
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst_ne, dst_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1);
 
-    int64_t permute_dim[] = {0, 2, 1};
+    int64_t permute_dim[] = { 0, 2, 1 };
     if (src1->type != dst->type) {
-        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_cast_tensor, acl_dst, permute_dim, 3);
+        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_cast_tensor, acl_dst.get(), permute_dim, 3);
     } else {
-        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_im2col_tensor, acl_dst, permute_dim, 3);
+        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_im2col_tensor, acl_dst.get(), permute_dim, 3);
     }
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cann_im2col_1d_post_process(
-    ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst, ggml_tensor* src1,
-    aclTensor* tmp_cast_tensor, aclTensor* tmp_im2col_tensor,
-    const std::vector<int64_t>& im2col_op_params) {
+static void ggml_cann_im2col_1d_post_process(ggml_backend_cann_context &  ctx,
+                                             ggml_tensor *                dst,
+                                             ggml_tensor *                src1,
+                                             aclTensor *                  tmp_cast_tensor,
+                                             aclTensor *                  tmp_im2col_tensor,
+                                             const std::vector<int64_t> & im2col_op_params) {
     // get params
-    const int64_t KH = im2col_op_params[0];
-    const int64_t KW = im2col_op_params[1];
-    const int64_t IW = im2col_op_params[2];
-    const int64_t IC = im2col_op_params[3];
-    const int64_t N = im2col_op_params[4];
-    const int64_t OH = im2col_op_params[5];
-    const int64_t OW = im2col_op_params[6];
-    const int64_t s0 = im2col_op_params[7];
-    const int64_t p0 = im2col_op_params[8];
-    const int64_t d0 = im2col_op_params[9];
+    const int64_t KH             = im2col_op_params[0];
+    const int64_t KW             = im2col_op_params[1];
+    const int64_t IW             = im2col_op_params[2];
+    const int64_t IC             = im2col_op_params[3];
+    const int64_t N              = im2col_op_params[4];
+    const int64_t OH             = im2col_op_params[5];
+    const int64_t OW             = im2col_op_params[6];
+    const int64_t s0             = im2col_op_params[7];
+    const int64_t p0             = im2col_op_params[8];
+    const int64_t d0             = im2col_op_params[9];
     const int64_t n_bytes_factor = im2col_op_params[10];
 
     // Permute: [N, IC * KH * KW, OW * OH] ->
     // [N, OW * OH * n_bytes_factor, IC * KH * KW]
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc tmp_permute_allocator(ctx.pool());
     tmp_permute_allocator.alloc(ggml_nbytes(dst) * n_bytes_factor);
-    void* tmp_permute_buffer = tmp_permute_allocator.get();
+    void * tmp_permute_buffer = tmp_permute_allocator.get();
 
-    int64_t tmp_permute_ne[] = {IC * KH * KW, OW * OH * n_bytes_factor, N};
-    size_t tmp_permute_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1];
+    int64_t tmp_permute_ne[] = { IC * KH * KW, OW * OH * n_bytes_factor, N };
+    size_t  tmp_permute_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1];
     tmp_permute_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i++) {
         tmp_permute_nb[i] = tmp_permute_nb[i - 1] * tmp_permute_ne[i - 1];
     }
 
-    aclTensor* tmp_permute_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_permute_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_permute_ne, tmp_permute_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    acl_tensor_ptr tmp_permute_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_permute_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_type_size(dst->type),
+                                tmp_permute_ne, tmp_permute_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
 
-    int64_t permute_dim[] = {0, 2, 1};
+    int64_t permute_dim[] = { 0, 2, 1 };
     if (src1->type != dst->type) {
-        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_cast_tensor, tmp_permute_tensor, permute_dim, 3);
+        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_cast_tensor, tmp_permute_tensor.get(), permute_dim, 3);
     } else {
-        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_im2col_tensor, tmp_permute_tensor, permute_dim,
-                      3);
+        aclnn_permute(ctx, tmp_im2col_tensor, tmp_permute_tensor.get(), permute_dim, 3);
     }
 
     // number of times the kernel moves in W dimension
     const int n_step_w = (IW + 2 * p0 - d0 * (KW - 1) - 1) / s0 + 1;
-    size_t offset;
-    void *cur_dst_buffer = dst->data, *cur_permute_buffer = tmp_permute_buffer;
+    size_t    offset;
+    void *    cur_dst_buffer = dst->data, *cur_permute_buffer = tmp_permute_buffer;
 
     // memory copy with offset to restore 1D im2col from 2d
     if (IC > 1) {
-        offset = IC * KH * KW * n_step_w * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
-        size_t size_cpy = KH * KW * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+        offset          = IC * KH * KW * n_step_w * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+        size_t cpy_size = KH * KW * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
         for (int c = 0; c < IC; c++) {
-            cur_permute_buffer = (char*)tmp_permute_buffer + offset +
-                                 KH * KW * c * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
-            cur_dst_buffer = (char*)dst->data +
-                             c * KH * KW * n_step_w * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+            cur_permute_buffer = (char *) tmp_permute_buffer + offset + KH * KW * c * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+            cur_dst_buffer     = (char *) dst->data + c * KH * KW * n_step_w * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
             for (int i = 0; i < n_step_w; i++) {
-                ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, cur_dst_buffer, cur_permute_buffer, size_cpy,
-                    ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
-                cur_dst_buffer =
-                    (char*)cur_dst_buffer + KH * KW * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
-                cur_permute_buffer = (char*)cur_permute_buffer +
-                                     KH * KW * IC * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+                ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(cur_dst_buffer, cpy_size, cur_permute_buffer, cpy_size,
+                                           ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE, ctx.stream()));
+                cur_dst_buffer     = (char *) cur_dst_buffer + KH * KW * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+                cur_permute_buffer = (char *) cur_permute_buffer + KH * KW * IC * ggml_type_size(dst->type);
             }
         }
     } else {
-        offset = KH * KW * n_step_w *
-                 ggml_type_size(dst->type);  // equal to ggml_nbytes(dst)
-        ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, dst->data, (char*)tmp_permute_buffer + offset, offset,
-            ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
+        offset = KH * KW * n_step_w * ggml_type_size(dst->type);  // equal to ggml_nbytes(dst)
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, offset, (char *) tmp_permute_buffer + offset, offset,
+                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE, ctx.stream()));
     }
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, tmp_permute_tensor);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];  // kernel
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];  // input
+void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // kernel
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // input
 
     GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
 
     // aclnnIm2col only works on 2D. set s1, p1, d1 to 1 to perform 2D
     // im2col and do post-processing to restore it to 1D.
-    const bool is_2D = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[6] == 1;
-    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[0];
-    const int32_t s1 = is_2D ? ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[1] : 1;
-    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[2];
-    const int32_t p1 = is_2D ? ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[3] : 1;
-    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[4];
-    const int32_t d1 = is_2D ? ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[5] : 1;
-
-    const int64_t N = ne13;
+    const bool    is_2D = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[6] == 1;
+    const int32_t s0    = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1    = is_2D ? ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[1] : 1;
+    const int32_t p0    = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p1    = is_2D ? ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[3] : 1;
+    const int32_t d0    = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t d1    = is_2D ? ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[5] : 1;
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13;
     const int64_t IC = ne12;
     const int64_t KH = ne01;
     const int64_t KW = ne00;
@@ -1046,9 +1237,9 @@ void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
     const int64_t n_bytes_factor = is_2D ? 1 : 3;
 
     // im2col: [N,C,H,W] -> [N, IC * KH * KW, OW * OH * n_bytes_factor]
-    aclTensor* acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-    int64_t tmp_im2col_ne[] = {OW * OH * n_bytes_factor, IC * KH * KW, N};
-    size_t tmp_im2col_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1];
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src1        = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
+    int64_t        tmp_im2col_ne[] = { OW * OH * n_bytes_factor, IC * KH * KW, N };
+    size_t         tmp_im2col_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1];
 
     tmp_im2col_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i++) {
@@ -1058,31 +1249,28 @@ void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
     // Calculate im2col.
     // If dst is f16, tmp_buffer is f32, we need alloc src.typesize *
     // dst.elemcount.
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc im2col_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(),
-        ggml_nelements(dst) * ggml_element_size(src1) * n_bytes_factor);
-    void* tmp_im2col_buffer = im2col_allocator.get();
-
-    aclTensor* tmp_im2col_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_im2col_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type),
-        ggml_type_size(src1->type), tmp_im2col_ne, tmp_im2col_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-
-    std::vector<int64_t> kernel_dims = {KH, KW};
-    std::vector<int64_t> dilation_size = {d1, d0};
-    std::vector<int64_t> padding_dims = {p1, p0};
-    std::vector<int64_t> stride_dims = {s1, s0};
-    auto* kernel_size = aclCreateIntArray(kernel_dims.data(), 2);
-    auto* dilations = aclCreateIntArray(dilation_size.data(), 2);
-    auto* paddings = aclCreateIntArray(padding_dims.data(), 2);
-    auto* strides = aclCreateIntArray(stride_dims.data(), 2);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Im2col, acl_src1, kernel_size, dilations,
-                    paddings, strides, tmp_im2col_tensor);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc im2col_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * ggml_element_size(src1) * n_bytes_factor);
+    void *               tmp_im2col_buffer = im2col_allocator.get();
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr tmp_im2col_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_im2col_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type), ggml_type_size(src1->type),
+                                tmp_im2col_ne, tmp_im2col_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> kernel_dims   = { KH, KW };
+    std::vector<int64_t> dilation_size = { d1, d0 };
+    std::vector<int64_t> padding_dims  = { p1, p0 };
+    std::vector<int64_t> stride_dims   = { s1, s0 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr    kernel_size   = ggml_cann_create_int_array(kernel_dims.data(), 2);
+    acl_int_array_ptr    dilations     = ggml_cann_create_int_array(dilation_size.data(), 2);
+    acl_int_array_ptr    paddings      = ggml_cann_create_int_array(padding_dims.data(), 2);
+    acl_int_array_ptr    strides       = ggml_cann_create_int_array(stride_dims.data(), 2);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Im2col, acl_src1.get(), kernel_size.get(), dilations.get(), paddings.get(),
+                            strides.get(), tmp_im2col_tensor.get());
 
     // Cast if dst is f16.
-    aclTensor* tmp_cast_tensor = nullptr;
+    acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_cast_tensor;
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc tmp_cast_allocator(ctx.pool());
-    void* tmp_cast_buffer = nullptr;
+    void *               tmp_cast_buffer = nullptr;
     if (src1->type != dst->type) {
         tmp_cast_allocator.alloc(ggml_nbytes(dst) * n_bytes_factor);
         tmp_cast_buffer = tmp_cast_allocator.get();
@@ -1092,26 +1280,20 @@ void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
             temp_cast_nb[i] = temp_cast_nb[i - 1] * tmp_im2col_ne[i - 1];
         }
 
-        tmp_cast_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            tmp_cast_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-            ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_im2col_ne, temp_cast_nb,
-            GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-        aclnn_cast(ctx, tmp_im2col_tensor, tmp_cast_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
+        tmp_cast_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_cast_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_type_size(dst->type),
+                                    tmp_im2col_ne, temp_cast_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, tmp_im2col_tensor.get(), tmp_cast_tensor.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
     }
 
     // post-processing
     if (is_2D) {
-        ggml_cann_im2col_2d_post_process(ctx, dst, src1, tmp_cast_tensor,
-                                         tmp_im2col_tensor);
+        ggml_cann_im2col_2d_post_process(ctx, dst, src1, tmp_cast_tensor.get(), tmp_im2col_tensor.get());
     } else {
-        std::vector<int64_t> im2col_op_params = {
-            KH, KW, IW, IC, N, OH, OW, s0, p0, d0, n_bytes_factor};
-        ggml_cann_im2col_1d_post_process(ctx, dst, src1, tmp_cast_tensor,
-                                         tmp_im2col_tensor, im2col_op_params);
+        std::vector<int64_t> im2col_op_params = { KH, KW, IW, IC, N, OH, OW, s0, p0, d0, n_bytes_factor };
+        ggml_cann_im2col_1d_post_process(ctx, dst, src1, tmp_cast_tensor.get(), tmp_im2col_tensor.get(),
+                                         im2col_op_params);
     }
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src1, tmp_im2col_tensor, tmp_cast_tensor,
-        kernel_size, dilations, paddings, strides);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1127,145 +1309,117 @@ void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param ctx The context for the CANN backend operations.
  * @param acl_src The tensor on which the exponential function will be applied.
  */
-static void aclnn_exp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src) {
+static void aclnn_exp(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src) {
     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceExp, acl_src);
 }
 
-void aclnn_cos(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                      aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cos, acl_src, acl_dst);
+void aclnn_cos(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+    if (acl_dst == nullptr) {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceCos, acl_src);
+    } else {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cos, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    }
 }
 
-void aclnn_sin(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                      aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Sin, acl_src, acl_dst);
+void aclnn_sin(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+    if (acl_dst == nullptr) {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceSin, acl_src);
+    } else {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Sin, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                  ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+void ggml_cann_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    const int dim = dst->op_params[0];
+    const int dim        = dst->op_params[0];
     const int max_period = dst->op_params[1];
-    int half = dim / 2;
+    int       half       = dim / 2;
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
 
     // arange: [0, ..., half)
-    float start = 0;
-    float stop = half;
-    float step = 1;
+    float   start             = 0;
+    float   stop              = half;
+    float   step              = 1;
     int64_t n_elements_arange = half;
-    int64_t tmp_arange_ne[] = {half};
-    size_t tmp_arange_nb[] = {sizeof(dst->type)};
+    int64_t tmp_arange_ne[]   = { half };
+    size_t  tmp_arange_nb[]   = { sizeof(dst->type) };
 
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc arange_allocator(ctx.pool(), half * sizeof(dst->type));
-    void* tmp_arange_buffer = arange_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_arange_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_arange_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_arange_ne, tmp_arange_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    void *               tmp_arange_buffer = arange_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_arange_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_arange_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_type_size(dst->type),
+                                tmp_arange_ne, tmp_arange_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
 
-    aclnn_arange(ctx, tmp_arange_tensor, start, stop, step, n_elements_arange);
+    aclnn_arange(ctx, tmp_arange_tensor.get(), start, stop, step, n_elements_arange);
 
     // freq
     float freq_param = -logf(max_period) / half;
-    bool inplace = true;
-    aclnn_muls(ctx, tmp_arange_tensor, freq_param, nullptr, inplace);
-    aclnn_exp(ctx, tmp_arange_tensor);
+    bool  inplace    = true;
+    aclnn_muls(ctx, tmp_arange_tensor.get(), freq_param, nullptr, inplace);
+    aclnn_exp(ctx, tmp_arange_tensor.get());
 
     // permute: src [0,1,2,3]->[0,1,3,2]
-    int64_t tmp_permute_ne[] = {src->ne[1], src->ne[0], src->ne[2], src->ne[3]};
-    size_t tmp_permute_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    int64_t tmp_permute_ne[] = { src->ne[1], src->ne[0], src->ne[2], src->ne[3] };
+    size_t  tmp_permute_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
     tmp_permute_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(src->type);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
         tmp_permute_nb[i] = tmp_permute_nb[i - 1] * tmp_permute_ne[i - 1];
     }
 
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc permute_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src));
-    void* tmp_permute_buffer = permute_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_permute_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_permute_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
-        ggml_type_size(src->type), tmp_permute_ne, tmp_permute_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    int64_t permute_dim[] = {0, 1, 3, 2};
-    int64_t num_dims = 4;
-    aclnn_permute(ctx, acl_src, tmp_permute_tensor, permute_dim, num_dims);
+    void *               tmp_permute_buffer = permute_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_permute_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_permute_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type), ggml_type_size(src->type),
+                                tmp_permute_ne, tmp_permute_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    int64_t permute_dim[] = { 0, 1, 3, 2 };
+    int64_t num_dims      = 4;
+    aclnn_permute(ctx, acl_src.get(), tmp_permute_tensor.get(), permute_dim, num_dims);
 
     // timestep * freq
-    int64_t tmp_mul_ne[] = {src->ne[1] * half, src->ne[0], src->ne[2],
-                            src->ne[3]};
-    size_t tmp_mul_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    int64_t tmp_mul_ne[] = { src->ne[1] * half, src->ne[0], src->ne[2], src->ne[3] };
+    size_t  tmp_mul_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
     tmp_mul_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(src->type);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
         tmp_mul_nb[i] = tmp_mul_nb[i - 1] * tmp_mul_ne[i - 1];
     }
 
-    int mul_nelements =
-        src->ne[1] * half * src->ne[0] * src->ne[2] * src->ne[3];
+    int mul_nelements = src->ne[1] * half * src->ne[0] * src->ne[2] * src->ne[3];
 
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc mul_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), mul_nelements * ggml_type_size(src->type));
-    void* tmp_mul_buffer = mul_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_mul_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_mul_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
-        ggml_type_size(src->type), tmp_mul_ne, tmp_mul_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS,
-        ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    aclnn_mul(ctx, tmp_permute_tensor, tmp_arange_tensor, tmp_mul_tensor);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc mul_allocator(ctx.pool(), mul_nelements * ggml_type_size(src->type));
+    void *               tmp_mul_buffer = mul_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_mul_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_mul_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type), ggml_type_size(src->type),
+                                tmp_mul_ne, tmp_mul_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    aclnn_mul(ctx, tmp_permute_tensor.get(), tmp_arange_tensor.get(), tmp_mul_tensor.get());
 
     // cos
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc cos_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), mul_nelements * ggml_type_size(src->type));
-    void* tmp_cos_buffer = cos_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_cos_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_cos_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_mul_ne, tmp_mul_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS,
-        ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc cos_allocator(ctx.pool(), mul_nelements * ggml_type_size(src->type));
+    void *               tmp_cos_buffer = cos_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_cos_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_cos_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_type_size(dst->type),
+                                tmp_mul_ne, tmp_mul_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
 
-    aclnn_cos(ctx, tmp_mul_tensor, tmp_cos_tensor);
+    aclnn_cos(ctx, tmp_mul_tensor.get(), tmp_cos_tensor.get());
 
     // sin
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sin_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), mul_nelements * ggml_type_size(src->type));
-    void* tmp_sin_buffer = sin_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_sin_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_sin_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_mul_ne, tmp_mul_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS,
-        ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sin_allocator(ctx.pool(), mul_nelements * ggml_type_size(src->type));
+    void *               tmp_sin_buffer = sin_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_sin_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(tmp_sin_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_type_size(dst->type),
+                                tmp_mul_ne, tmp_mul_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
 
-    aclnn_sin(ctx, tmp_mul_tensor, tmp_sin_tensor);
+    aclnn_sin(ctx, tmp_mul_tensor.get(), tmp_sin_tensor.get());
 
     // concat
-    int64_t concat_dim = 3;
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
-    aclTensor* tensors[] = {tmp_cos_tensor, tmp_sin_tensor};
-    aclTensorList* tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(tensors, 2);
-    aclnn_concat(ctx, tensor_list, acl_dst, concat_dim);
-
-    // release
-    // segmentation fault when delete both tensorList and his elements.
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, tensor_list, acl_src, tmp_arange_tensor,
-        tmp_permute_tensor, tmp_mul_tensor, acl_dst);
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Fills a tensor with a scalar value.
- *
- * This function fills the destination tensor `acl_dst` with the scalar value
- * `scalar`.
- *
- * @param ctx The context for the CANN backend operations.
- * @param scalar The scalar value used to fill the tensor.
- * @param acl_dst The destination tensor to be filled with the scalar value.
- */
-static void aclnn_fill_scalar(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, float scalar,
-                              aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    auto acl_scalar = aclCreateScalar(&scalar, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceFillScalar, acl_dst, acl_scalar);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_scalar);
+    int64_t             concat_dim  = 3;
+    acl_tensor_ptr      acl_dst     = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_list_ptr tensor_list = ggml_cann_create_tensor_list(tmp_cos_tensor, tmp_sin_tensor);
+    aclnn_concat(ctx, tensor_list.get(), acl_dst.get(), concat_dim);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1284,166 +1438,202 @@ static void aclnn_fill_scalar(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, float scalar,
  * @param acl_exp The exponent tensor, each element of which is used to raise
  * the corresponding element in the destination tensor.
  */
-static void aclnn_pow_tensor_tensor(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                    aclTensor* acl_dst, aclTensor* acl_exp) {
+static void aclnn_pow_tensor_tensor(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_dst, aclTensor * acl_exp) {
     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplacePowTensorTensor, acl_dst, acl_exp);
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief   Applies the Alibi (Attention with Linear Biases) mechanism to the
- * @details This function implements the Alibi mechanism, which introduces
- *          learnable biases into the attention scores to simulate relative
- *          position encoding without the need for explicit positional
- *          embeddings.
- *
- * @param ctx          The backend CANN context for executing operations.
- * @param acl_src      The source tensor representing the query or key.
- * @param acl_position The position tensor containing relative positions.
- * @param acl_dst      The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
- * @param n_head       The number of attention heads.
- * @param src_ne       The dimensions of the source tensor.
- * @param src_nb0      The byte size of the first dimension of the source
- tensor.
- * @param max_bias     The maximum bias value used in the Alibi mechanism.
- * @param dst          The destination tensor object for additional metadata.
+ * @brief Generate a range of values and apply a scalar base exponentiation.
  *
- * The function performs the following steps:
- * 1. Calculates the logarithm floor of the number of heads to determine the
-      base for bias calculation.
- * 2. Initializes arrays with arithmetic sequences and fills them with bias
-      values.
- * 3. Computes the bias tensor based on the calculated biases and arithmetic
-      sequences.
- * 4. Reshapes the bias tensor to match the dimensions of the input tensors.
- * 5. Multiplies the position tensor by the bias tensor.
- * 6. Adds the result of the multiplication to the source tensor to produce the
-      final output.
+ * This function creates an evenly spaced sequence from `start` to `stop` (exclusive),
+ * with step size `step`, stores it in a temporary buffer, and then computes:
+ *
+ * @f[
+ * slope[i] = m^{\left( start + i \cdot step \right)}, \quad 0 \le i < size
+ * @f]
+ *
+ * The results are written to the provided @p slope_buffer.
+ *
+ * @param ctx           CANN backend context for memory allocation and operator execution.
+ * @param slope_buffer  Pointer to the output buffer (float array) for the computed slope values.
+ * @param m             Scalar base for the exponentiation.
+ * @param size          Number of elements in the generated sequence.
+ * @param start         Starting exponent offset.
+ * @param stop          Stopping exponent offset (exclusive).
+ * @param step          Step size for the exponent increment.
+ * @param dtype         Data type for slope tensor.
  */
-static void aclnn_alibi(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                        aclTensor* acl_position, aclTensor* acl_dst,
-                        const int n_head, int64_t* src_ne, const size_t src_nb0,
-                        float max_bias, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    const int64_t ne2_ne3 = src_ne[2] * src_ne[3];
-    GGML_ASSERT(src_nb0 == sizeof(float));
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_head == src_ne[2]);
-
-    const int n_heads_log2_floor = 1u << (uint32_t)floor(log2(n_head));
-
-    float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias) / n_heads_log2_floor);
-    float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_heads_log2_floor);
-
-    // init arange
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc arange_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                          ne2_ne3 * ggml_type_size(dst->type));
-    void* tmp_arange_buffer = arange_allocator.get();
-
-    // arange1: [1, ..., n_heads_log2_floor+1)
-    float start = 1;
-    float stop = n_heads_log2_floor + 1;
-    float step = 1;
-    int64_t n_elements_arange = n_heads_log2_floor;
-
-    int64_t tmp_arange1_ne[] = {n_heads_log2_floor};
-    size_t tmp_arange1_nb[] = {sizeof(dst->type)};
-    aclTensor* tmp_arange1_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_arange_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_arange1_ne, tmp_arange1_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-
-    aclnn_arange(ctx, tmp_arange1_tensor, start, stop, step, n_elements_arange);
-
-    aclTensor* tmp_arange2_tensor = nullptr;
-    if (n_heads_log2_floor < ne2_ne3) {
-        // arange2: [1, ..., 2 * (k - n_heads_log2_floor) + 1)
-        start = 1;
-        stop = 2 * (ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor) + 1;
-        step = 2;
-        n_elements_arange = ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor;
-        int64_t tmp_arange2_ne[] = {ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor};
-        size_t tmp_arange2_nb[] = {sizeof(dst->type)};
-
-        aclTensor* tmp_arange2_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            (char*)tmp_arange_buffer +
-                n_heads_log2_floor * ggml_type_size(dst->type),
-            ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_type_size(dst->type),
-            tmp_arange2_ne, tmp_arange2_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-        aclnn_arange(ctx, tmp_arange2_tensor, start, stop, step,
-                     n_elements_arange);
-    }
-
-    // init mk_base
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc mk_base_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                           ne2_ne3 * ggml_type_size(dst->type));
-    void* tmp_mk_base_buffer = mk_base_allocator.get();
-    int64_t tmp_mk_base1_ne[] = {n_heads_log2_floor};
-    size_t tmp_mk_base1_nb[] = {sizeof(dst->type)};
-    aclTensor* tmp_mk_base1_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_mk_base_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_mk_base1_ne, tmp_mk_base1_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-
-    aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, m0, tmp_mk_base1_tensor);
-
-    aclTensor* tmp_mk_base2_tensor = nullptr;
-    if (n_heads_log2_floor < ne2_ne3) {
-        int64_t tmp_mk_base2_ne[] = {ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor};
-        size_t tmp_mk_base2_nb[] = {sizeof(dst->type)};
-        aclTensor* tmp_mk_base2_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            (char*)tmp_mk_base_buffer +
-                n_heads_log2_floor * ggml_type_size(dst->type),
-            ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_type_size(dst->type),
-            tmp_mk_base2_ne, tmp_mk_base2_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-        aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, m1, tmp_mk_base2_tensor);
-    }
-
-    // init mk
-    int64_t tmp_mk_base_ne[] = {ne2_ne3};
-    size_t tmp_mk_base_nb[] = {sizeof(dst->type)};
-    aclTensor* tmp_mk_base_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_mk_base_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_mk_base_ne, tmp_mk_base_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    aclTensor* tmp_arange_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_arange_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_mk_base_ne, tmp_mk_base_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    aclnn_pow_tensor_tensor(ctx, tmp_mk_base_tensor, tmp_arange_tensor);
-
-    // reshape mk
-    int64_t tmp_mk_ne[] = {1, 1, src_ne[2], src_ne[3]};
-    size_t tmp_mk_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-    tmp_mk_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
-    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        tmp_mk_nb[i] = tmp_mk_nb[i - 1] * tmp_mk_ne[i - 1];
+static void aclnn_get_slope_inner(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                  void *                      slope_buffer,
+                                  float                       m,
+                                  int64_t                     size,
+                                  float                       start,
+                                  float                       stop,
+                                  float                       step,
+                                  ggml_type                   dtype) {
+    aclDataType acl_type  = ggml_cann_type_mapping(dtype);
+    size_t      type_size = ggml_type_size(dtype);
+
+    int64_t ne[] = { size };
+    size_t  nb[] = { type_size };
+
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc arange_allocator(ctx.pool(), size * type_size);
+    void *               arange_buffer = arange_allocator.get();
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr arange_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(arange_buffer, acl_type, type_size, ne, nb, 1);
+    aclnn_arange(ctx, arange_tensor.get(), start, stop, step, size);
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr slope_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(slope_buffer, acl_type, type_size, ne, nb, 1);
+
+    acl_scalar_ptr sc = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&m, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, PowScalarTensor, sc.get(), arange_tensor.get(), slope_tensor.get());
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute slope values for multiple attention heads based on ALiBi bias parameters.
+ *
+ * This function generates slope values for each attention head according to the ALiBi
+ * (Attention with Linear Biases) method. It splits the computation into two ranges depending
+ * on whether the head index is less than @p n_head_log2 or not, and uses different base values
+ * (`m0` and `m1`) for the exponentiation.
+ *
+ * @f[
+ * slope[h] =
+ * \begin{cases}
+ * m_0^{(h + 1)}, & h < n\_head\_log2 \\
+ * m_1^{\left( 2 \cdot (h - n\_head\_log2) + 1 \right)}, & h \geq n\_head\_log2
+ * \end{cases}
+ * \quad , \quad \text{if } max\_bias > 0
+ * @f]
+ *
+ * If @p max_bias <= 0, all slope values are set to 1.0.
+ *
+ * @param ctx           CANN backend context for memory allocation and operator execution.
+ * @param n_head        Total number of attention heads.
+ * @param slope_buffer  Pointer to the output buffer (float array) for storing slopes.
+ * @param max_bias      Maximum bias value for slope computation.
+ * @param dtype         Data type for slope tensor.
+ *
+*/
+static void aclnn_get_slope(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                            int64_t                     n_head,
+                            void *                      slope_buffer,
+                            float                       max_bias,
+                            ggml_type                   dtype) {
+    const int n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floor(log2(n_head));
+
+    float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias) / n_head_log2);
+    float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+    // const float slope = (max_bias > 0.0f) ?
+    //                          h < n_head_log2 ?
+    //                              powf(m0, h + 1) :
+    //                              powf(m1, 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1) :
+    //                          1.0f;
+    // arange1
+    float start = 0 + 1;
+    float end   = (n_head_log2 - 1) + 1;
+    float step  = 1;
+    float count = n_head_log2;
+    // end needs to be +1 because aclnn uses a left-closed, right-open interval.
+    aclnn_get_slope_inner(ctx, slope_buffer, m0, count, start, end + 1, step, dtype);
+    if (n_head_log2 < n_head) {
+        // arange2
+        start = 2 * (n_head_log2 - n_head_log2) + 1;
+        end   = 2 * ((n_head - 1) - n_head_log2) + 1;
+        step  = 2;
+        count = n_head - n_head_log2;
+        aclnn_get_slope_inner(ctx, (char *) slope_buffer + n_head_log2 * sizeof(float), m1, count, start, end + 1, step,
+                              dtype);
     }
-    aclTensor* tmp_mk_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_mk_base_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_mk_ne, tmp_mk_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS,
-        ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+}
 
-    // acl_position * mk
-    int64_t tmp_output_ne[] = {src_ne[0], src_ne[1], src_ne[2], src_ne[3]};
-    size_t tmp_output_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-    tmp_output_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
-    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        tmp_output_nb[i] = tmp_output_nb[i - 1] * tmp_output_ne[i - 1];
+/**
+ * @brief Add ALiBi (Attention with Linear Biases) positional biases to the attention mask.
+ *
+ * This function computes the ALiBi slopes for each attention head (if max_bias > 0),
+ * multiplies them with the attention mask to produce bias tensors, and adds these biases
+ * to the destination tensor (@p dst).
+ *
+ * The function performs necessary broadcasting of the mask and slope tensors to match
+ * the shape of the destination tensor, then applies element-wise multiplication and addition
+ * using CANN operators.
+ *
+ * @param ctx         CANN backend context for memory management and operator execution.
+ * @param mask        Input attention mask tensor, assumed to be contiguous.
+ * @param dst         Destination tensor to which ALiBi biases will be added.
+ * @param dst_ptr     Pointer to the memory of the destination tensor.
+ * @param max_bias    Maximum bias value controlling the slope scaling.
+ *
+ * @note
+ * - Write data into dst_ptr using only the shape information of the dst tensor.
+ * - `GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2` is used to extend tensor dimensions for broadcasting.
+ */
+static void aclnn_add_alibi(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                            ggml_tensor *               mask,
+                            ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                            void *                      dst_ptr,
+                            float                       max_bias) {
+    void * slope_buffer = nullptr;
+    void * bias_buffer  = nullptr;
+
+    if (max_bias > 0.0f) {
+        int64_t              n_heads = dst->ne[2];
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc slope_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_heads * sizeof(float));
+        slope_buffer = slope_allocator.get();
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc bias_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * ggml_element_size(dst));
+        bias_buffer = bias_allocator.get();
+        aclnn_get_slope(ctx, n_heads, slope_buffer, max_bias, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    }
+
+    // broadcast for mask, slop and dst;
+    int64_t nr2 = dst->ne[2] / mask->ne[2];
+    int64_t nr3 = dst->ne[3] / mask->ne[3];
+
+    // broadcast the mask across rows
+    int64_t mask_ne[] = { mask->ne[0], dst->ne[1], mask->ne[2], 1, mask->ne[3], 1 };
+    size_t  mask_nb[] = { mask_nb[0] = mask->nb[0], mask_nb[1] = mask->nb[1], mask_nb[2] = mask->nb[2],
+                          mask_nb[3] = mask->nb[2], mask_nb[4] = mask->nb[3], mask_nb[5] = mask->nb[3] };
+
+    int64_t dst_ne[] = { dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], mask->ne[2], nr2, mask->ne[3], nr3 };
+    size_t  dst_nb[] = { dst_nb[0] = dst->nb[0], dst_nb[1] = dst->nb[1], dst_nb[2] = dst->nb[2],
+                         dst_nb[3] = dst->nb[2], dst_nb[4] = dst->nb[3], dst_nb[5] = dst->nb[3] };
+
+    // slope is a 1 dim tensor, slope.ne2 == dst.ne2
+    int64_t slope_ne[] = { 1, 1, mask->ne[2], nr2, 1, 1 };
+    size_t  slope_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2];
+    slope_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2; i++) {
+        slope_nb[i] = slope_nb[i - 1] * slope_ne[i - 1];
     }
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc output_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(dst));
-    void* tmp_output_buffer = output_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* tmp_output_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        tmp_output_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
-        ggml_type_size(dst->type), tmp_output_ne, tmp_output_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS,
-        ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_position, tmp_mk_tensor, tmp_output_tensor);
 
-    // add
-    aclnn_add(ctx, tmp_output_tensor, acl_src, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, tmp_arange1_tensor, tmp_arange2_tensor,
-        tmp_mk_base1_tensor, tmp_mk_base2_tensor, tmp_mk_base_tensor,
-        tmp_arange_tensor, tmp_mk_tensor, tmp_output_tensor);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_slope =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(slope_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), slope_ne, slope_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_mask = ggml_cann_create_tensor(mask, mask_ne, mask_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2);
+
+    // write data into dst_ptr using only the shape information of the dst tensor.
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst_ptr, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                                                     ggml_type_size(dst->type), dst_ne, dst_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2);
+
+    if (max_bias > 0.0f) {
+        int64_t bias_ne[] = { mask->ne[0], dst->ne[1], mask->ne[2], nr2, mask->ne[3], 1 };
+        size_t  bias_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2];
+        bias_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+        for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2; i++) {
+            bias_nb[i] = bias_nb[i - 1] * bias_ne[i - 1];
+        }
+        acl_tensor_ptr bias_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(bias_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), bias_ne, bias_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS + 2);
+
+        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_slope.get(), acl_mask.get(), bias_tensor.get());
+        aclnn_add(ctx, acl_dst.get(), bias_tensor.get());
+    } else {
+        aclnn_add(ctx, acl_dst.get(), acl_mask.get());
+    }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_cpy(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+void ggml_cann_cpy(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_cann_dup(ctx, dst);
 }
 
@@ -1461,263 +1651,254 @@ void ggml_cann_cpy(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param acl_dst The destination tensor where the softmax results will be
  * stored.
  */
-static void aclnn_softmax(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                          int64_t dim, aclTensor* acl_dst) {
+static void aclnn_softmax(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, int64_t dim, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Softmax, acl_src, dim, acl_dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_softmax(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];  // mask
+void ggml_cann_softmax(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // mask
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    float scale = 1.0f;
+    float scale    = 1.0f;
     float max_bias = 0.0f;
 
-    memcpy(&scale, (float*)dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&max_bias, (float*)dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&scale, (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
     // input mul scale
-    aclScalar* acl_scale = aclCreateScalar(&scale, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-
-    size_t n_bytes = ggml_nbytes(src0);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc mul_scale_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_bytes);
-    void* input_mul_scale_buffer = mul_scale_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* acl_input_mul_scale_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        input_mul_scale_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, ggml_type_size(src0->type), src0->ne,
-        src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    acl_scalar_ptr       acl_scale = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&scale, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src0));
+    void *               src_tensor_buffer = src_tensor_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       softmax_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src_tensor_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
+                                                                  ggml_element_size(src0), src0->ne, src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
-    bool inplace = false;
-    aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_src0, scale, acl_input_mul_scale_tensor, inplace);
+    aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_src0.get(), scale, softmax_tensor.get(), false);
 
     // mask
-    aclTensor* acl_src1_fp32_tensor = nullptr;
-    aclTensor* tmp_mask_tensor = nullptr;
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc src1_fp32_allocator(ctx.pool());
     if (src1) {
-        const bool use_f16 = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
-        if (use_f16) {
-            // cast to fp32
-            size_t n_bytes = ggml_nelements(src1) * sizeof(float_t);
-            size_t src1_fp32_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-            src1_fp32_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                src1_fp32_nb[i] = src1_fp32_nb[i - 1] * src1->ne[i - 1];
-            }
-            src1_fp32_allocator.alloc(n_bytes);
-            void* src1_fp32_buffer = src1_fp32_allocator.get();
-            acl_src1_fp32_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src1_fp32_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), src1->ne,
-                src1_fp32_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-            aclTensor* acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src1, acl_src1_fp32_tensor, ACL_FLOAT);
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src1);
-        } else {
-            acl_src1_fp32_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-        }
+        aclnn_add_alibi(ctx, src1, src0, src_tensor_buffer, max_bias);
+    }
+    // softmax
+    aclnn_softmax(ctx, softmax_tensor.get(), 3, acl_dst.get());
+}
 
-        // broadcast the mask across rows, only use ne11 of ne01 in mask
-        if (src1->ne[1] != src0->ne[1]) {
-            // mask shape: [1,1,ne11,ne10]
-            int64_t tmp_mask_ne[] = {src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], 1, 1};
-            size_t tmp_mask_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-            tmp_mask_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                tmp_mask_nb[i] = tmp_mask_nb[i - 1] * tmp_mask_ne[i - 1];
-            }
-            tmp_mask_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src1->data, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), tmp_mask_ne, tmp_mask_nb,
-                GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-        }
+/**
+ * @brief Performs index select operation on a 4D tensor using the CANN backend.
+ *
+ * This function applies the `IndexSelect` operation along a specific dimension
+ * of the source tensor (`src_buffer`) using the indices from the index tensor (`index`).
+ * It iterates over the last two dimensions of the source tensor, creates the corresponding
+ * CANN tensors for the source, index, and output slices, and executes the `IndexSelect`
+ * operation for each slice.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The context for CANN backend operations.
+ * @param src_buffer The source buffer containing the 4D input tensor data.
+ * @param src_ne The dimensions of the source tensor.
+ * @param src_nb The strides (byte offsets) of the source tensor.
+ * @param dst_buffer The destination buffer where the output tensor data will be written.
+ * @param dst_ne The dimensions of the destination tensor.
+ * @param dst_nb The strides (byte offsets) of the destination tensor.
+ * @param index The index tensor specifying the indices to select from the source tensor.
+ * @param type The data type of the source and destination tensors.
+ */
+static void aclnn_index_select_4d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                  void *                      src_buffer,
+                                  int64_t *                   src_ne,
+                                  size_t *                    src_nb,
+                                  void *                      dst_buffer,
+                                  int64_t *                   dst_ne,
+                                  size_t *                    dst_nb,
+                                  ggml_tensor *               index,
+                                  ggml_type                   type) {
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < src_ne[3]; i++) {
+        for (int64_t j = 0; j < src_ne[2]; j++) {
+            // src
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_src_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) src_buffer + i * src_nb[3] + j * src_nb[2],
+                                        ggml_cann_type_mapping(type), ggml_type_size(type), src_ne, src_nb, 2);
 
-        // alibi
-        const int n_head = src0->ne[2];
-        const size_t src_nb0 = src0->nb[0];
-
-        n_bytes = ggml_nbytes(dst);
-        ggml_cann_pool_alloc output_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_bytes);
-        void* output_buffer = output_allocator.get();
-        aclTensor* alibi_output_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            output_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, ggml_type_size(dst->type), dst->ne,
-            dst->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        if (max_bias <= 0.0f) {
-            // slope = 1.0
-            if (tmp_mask_tensor) {
-                aclnn_add(ctx, tmp_mask_tensor, acl_input_mul_scale_tensor,
-                          alibi_output_tensor);
-            } else {
-                aclnn_add(ctx, acl_src1_fp32_tensor, acl_input_mul_scale_tensor,
-                          alibi_output_tensor);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // slope != 1.0
-            if (tmp_mask_tensor) {
-                aclnn_alibi(ctx, acl_input_mul_scale_tensor, tmp_mask_tensor,
-                            alibi_output_tensor, n_head, src0->ne, src_nb0,
-                            max_bias, dst);
-            } else {
-                aclnn_alibi(ctx, acl_input_mul_scale_tensor,
-                            acl_src1_fp32_tensor, alibi_output_tensor, n_head,
-                            src0->ne, src_nb0, max_bias, dst);
-            }
-        }
+            // index
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_index = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                (char *) index->data + (i % index->ne[2]) * index->nb[2] + (j % index->ne[1]) * index->nb[1],
+                ggml_cann_type_mapping(index->type), ggml_element_size(index), index->ne, index->nb, 1);
 
-        // softmax
-        aclnn_softmax(ctx, alibi_output_tensor, 3, acl_dst);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, alibi_output_tensor);
-    } else {
-        aclnn_softmax(ctx, acl_input_mul_scale_tensor, 3, acl_dst);
+            // out
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_out =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) dst_buffer + i * dst_nb[3] + j * dst_nb[2],
+                                        ggml_cann_type_mapping(type), ggml_type_size(type), dst_ne, dst_nb, 2);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, IndexSelect, acl_src_tensor.get(), 0, acl_index.get(), acl_out.get());
+        }
     }
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0, acl_src1_fp32_tensor, acl_dst,
-        acl_scale, acl_input_mul_scale_tensor, tmp_mask_tensor);
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief Performs embedding operation on a 4D tensor using the CANN backend.
+ * @brief Performs inplace index copy operation on a 4D tensor using the CANN backend.
  *
- * This function extracts slices from the source tensor (`src_buffer`),
- * index tensor (`index`), and destination tensor (`dst`), and performs an
- * embedding operation on them. The embedding operation is applied by iterating
- * over the last two dimensions of the source tensor, creating the necessary
- * tensors for the source, index, and output, and executing the embedding operation.
+ * This function applies the `IndexCopy` operation along a specific dimension of the
+ * destination tensor (`dst_buffer`) by copying elements from the source tensor (`src_buffer`)
+ * to positions specified by the index tensor (`index`).
+ * It iterates over the last two dimensions of the tensors, creates the corresponding
+ * CANN tensors for source, index, and destination slices, and performs the index copy
+ * operation for each slice.
  *
  * @param ctx The context for CANN backend operations.
- * @param src_buffer The source buffer holding the data for the source tensor.
+ * @param src_buffer The source buffer containing the 4D input tensor data to be copied.
  * @param src_ne The dimensions of the source tensor.
  * @param src_nb The strides (byte offsets) of the source tensor.
- * @param index The index tensor used in the embedding operation.
- * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
+ * @param dst_buffer The destination buffer where values will be copied to.
+ * @param dst_ne The dimensions of the destination tensor.
+ * @param dst_nb The strides (byte offsets) of the destination tensor.
+ * @param index The index tensor specifying target positions in the destination tensor.
+ * @param type The data type of the source and destination tensors.
  */
-static void aclnn_embedding_4d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, void* src_buffer,
-                            int64_t* src_ne, size_t* src_nb, ggml_tensor* index,
-                            ggml_tensor* dst) {
+static void aclnn_index_copy_4d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                void *                      src_buffer,
+                                int64_t *                   src_ne,
+                                size_t *                    src_nb,
+                                void *                      dst_buffer,
+                                int64_t *                   dst_ne,
+                                size_t *                    dst_nb,
+                                ggml_tensor *               index,
+                                ggml_type                   type) {
     for (int64_t i = 0; i < src_ne[3]; i++) {
         for (int64_t j = 0; j < src_ne[2]; j++) {
             // src
-            int64_t acl_src_ne[2] = {src_ne[0], src_ne[1]};
-            size_t acl_src_nb[2] = {src_nb[0], src_nb[1]};
-            aclTensor* acl_src_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                (char*)src_buffer + i * src_nb[3] + j * src_nb[2],
-                ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_element_size(dst),
-                acl_src_ne, acl_src_nb, 2);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_src_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) src_buffer + i * src_nb[3] + j * src_nb[2],
+                                        ggml_cann_type_mapping(type), ggml_type_size(type), src_ne, src_nb, 2);
 
             // index
-            int64_t acl_index_ne[1] = {index->ne[0]};
-            size_t acl_index_nb[1] = {index->nb[0]};
-            aclTensor* acl_index = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                (char*)index->data + i * index->nb[2] + j * index->nb[1],
-                ggml_cann_type_mapping(index->type), ggml_element_size(index),
-                acl_index_ne, acl_index_nb, 1);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_index = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                (char *) index->data + (i % index->ne[2]) * index->nb[2] + (j % index->ne[1]) * index->nb[1],
+                ggml_cann_type_mapping(index->type), ggml_element_size(index), index->ne, index->nb, 1);
 
             // out
-            int64_t acl_out_ne[2] = {dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1]};
-            size_t acl_out_nb[2] = {dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1]};
-            aclTensor* acl_out = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                (char*)dst->data + i * dst->nb[3] + j * dst->nb[2],
-                ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_element_size(dst),
-                acl_out_ne, acl_out_nb, 2);
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Embedding, acl_src_tensor, acl_index, acl_out);
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src_tensor, acl_index, acl_out);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_out =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) dst_buffer + i * dst_nb[3] + j * dst_nb[2],
+                                        ggml_cann_type_mapping(type), ggml_type_size(type), dst_ne, dst_nb, 2);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceIndexCopy, acl_out.get(), 0, acl_index.get(), acl_src_tensor.get());
         }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_get_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];  // src
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];  // index
+void ggml_cann_get_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // src
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // index
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
     switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
-            aclnn_embedding_4d(ctx, src0->data, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1,
-                                   dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
-            aclTensor* acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_buffer_allocator(
-                ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(src0) * sizeof(float_t));
-            void* src_trans_buffer = src_buffer_allocator.get();
-            size_t src_trans_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-            src_trans_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                src_trans_nb[i] = src_trans_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            if (src0->type == dst->type) {
+                aclnn_index_select_4d(ctx, src0->data, src0->ne, src0->nb, dst->data, dst->ne, dst->nb, src1,
+                                      dst->type);
+            } else {
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(src0) * ggml_element_size(dst));
+                void *               src_trans_buffer = src_buffer_allocator.get();
+                size_t               src_trans_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+                src_trans_nb[0] = dst->nb[0];
+                for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+                    src_trans_nb[i] = src_trans_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
+                }
+                acl_tensor_ptr src_trans_tensor =
+                    ggml_cann_create_tensor(src_trans_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                                            ggml_type_size(dst->type), src0->ne, src_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+                aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src0.get(), src_trans_tensor.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
+                aclnn_index_select_4d(ctx, src_trans_buffer, src0->ne, src_trans_nb, dst->data, dst->ne, dst->nb, src1,
+                                      dst->type);
             }
-            aclTensor* src_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, ggml_type_size(dst->type),
-                src0->ne, src_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src0, src_trans_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
-            aclnn_embedding_4d(ctx, src_trans_buffer, src0->ne,
-                                   src_trans_nb, src1, dst);
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0, src_trans_tensor);
             break;
-        }
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: {
-            // add 1 dim for bcast mul.
-            size_t weight_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1], scale_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1],
-                dequant_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1];
-            int64_t weight_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1], scale_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1],
-                *dequant_ne;
-            int64_t scale_offset = 0;
-
-            // [3,4,5,64] -> [3,4,5,2,32]
-            weight_ne[0] = QK8_0;
-            weight_ne[1] = src0->ne[0] / QK8_0;
-            weight_nb[0] = sizeof(int8_t);
-            weight_nb[1] = weight_nb[0] * weight_ne[0];
-            for (int i = 2; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1; i++) {
-                weight_ne[i] = src0->ne[i - 1];
-                weight_nb[i] = weight_nb[i - 1] * weight_ne[i - 1];
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            {
+                // add 1 dim for bcast mul.
+                size_t  weight_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1], scale_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1], dequant_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1];
+                int64_t weight_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1], scale_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1], *dequant_ne;
+                int64_t scale_offset = 0;
+                // [3,4,5,64] -> [3,4,5,2,32]
+                weight_ne[0]         = QK8_0;
+                weight_ne[1]         = src0->ne[0] / QK8_0;
+                weight_nb[0]         = sizeof(int8_t);
+                weight_nb[1]         = weight_nb[0] * weight_ne[0];
+                for (int i = 2; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1; i++) {
+                    weight_ne[i] = src0->ne[i - 1];
+                    weight_nb[i] = weight_nb[i - 1] * weight_ne[i - 1];
+                }
+                // [3,4,5,64] -> [3,4,5,2,1]
+                scale_ne[0] = 1;
+                scale_ne[1] = src0->ne[0] / QK8_0;
+                scale_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
+                scale_nb[1] = scale_nb[0] * scale_ne[0];
+                for (int i = 2; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1; i++) {
+                    scale_ne[i] = src0->ne[i - 1];
+                    scale_nb[i] = scale_nb[i - 1] * scale_ne[i - 1];
+                }
+                // [3,4,5,64] -> [3,4,5,2,32]
+                dequant_ne    = weight_ne;
+                dequant_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+                for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1; i++) {
+                    dequant_nb[i] = dequant_nb[i - 1] * dequant_ne[i - 1];
+                }
+                scale_offset = ggml_nelements(src0) * sizeof(int8_t);
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc dequant_buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(),
+                                                              ggml_nelements(src0) * ggml_type_size(dst->type));
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_weight_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0->data, ACL_INT8, sizeof(int8_t),
+                                                                                 weight_ne, weight_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1);
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_scale_tensor =
+                    ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0->data, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t), scale_ne, scale_nb,
+                                            GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND, scale_offset);
+                acl_tensor_ptr dequant_tensor =
+                    ggml_cann_create_tensor(dequant_buffer_allocator.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                                            ggml_type_size(dst->type), dequant_ne, dequant_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1);
+                aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_weight_tensor.get(), acl_scale_tensor.get(), dequant_tensor.get());
+                dequant_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+                dequant_ne    = src0->ne;
+                for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+                    dequant_nb[i] = dequant_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
+                }
+                aclnn_index_select_4d(ctx, dequant_buffer_allocator.get(), dequant_ne, dequant_nb, dst->data, dst->ne,
+                                      dst->nb, src1, dst->type);
+                break;
             }
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported tensor type for GGML_OP_GET_ROWS");
+            break;
+    }
+}
 
-            // [3,4,5,64] -> [3,4,5,2,1]
-            scale_ne[0] = 1;
-            scale_ne[1] = src0->ne[0] / QK8_0;
-            scale_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
-            scale_nb[1] = scale_nb[0] * scale_ne[0];
-            for (int i = 2; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1; i++) {
-                scale_ne[i] = src0->ne[i - 1];
-                scale_nb[i] = scale_nb[i - 1] * scale_ne[i - 1];
-            }
+void ggml_cann_set_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // src
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // index
 
-            // [3,4,5,64] -> [3,4,5,2,32]
-            dequant_ne = weight_ne;
-            dequant_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1; i++) {
-                dequant_nb[i] = dequant_nb[i - 1] * dequant_ne[i - 1];
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                aclnn_index_copy_4d(ctx, src0->data, src0->ne, src0->nb, dst->data, dst->ne, dst->nb, src1, dst->type);
+                break;
             }
-
-            scale_offset = ggml_nelements(src0) * sizeof(int8_t);
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc dequant_buffer_allocator(
-                ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(src0) * sizeof(float_t));
-
-            aclTensor* acl_weight_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src0->data, ACL_INT8, sizeof(int8_t), weight_ne, weight_nb,
-                GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1);
-            aclTensor* acl_scale_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src0->data, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t), scale_ne, scale_nb,
-                GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND, scale_offset);
-            aclTensor* dequant_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                dequant_buffer_allocator.get(), ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
-                dequant_ne, dequant_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS + 1);
-
-            aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_weight_tensor, acl_scale_tensor, dequant_tensor);
-            dequant_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-            dequant_ne = src0->ne;
-            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                dequant_nb[i] = dequant_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(src0) * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                void *               src_trans_buffer = src_buffer_allocator.get();
+                size_t               src_trans_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+                src_trans_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
+                for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+                    src_trans_nb[i] = src_trans_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
+                }
+                acl_tensor_ptr src_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                    src_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, ggml_type_size(dst->type), src0->ne, src_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+                aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src0.get(), src_trans_tensor.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
+                aclnn_index_copy_4d(ctx, src_trans_buffer, src0->ne, src_trans_nb, dst->data, dst->ne, dst->nb, src1,
+                                    dst->type);
+                break;
             }
-
-            aclnn_embedding_4d(ctx, dequant_buffer_allocator.get(),
-                                   dequant_ne, dequant_nb, src1, dst);
-
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, dequant_tensor);
-            break;
-        }
         default:
-            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported tensor type for GGML_OP_GET_ROWS");
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported tensor type for GGML_OP_SET_ROWS");
             break;
     }
 }
@@ -1737,12 +1918,13 @@ void ggml_cann_get_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param repeats The number of times each element will be repeated.
  * @param output_size The size of the output tensor.
  */
-static void aclnn_repeat_interleave(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                    aclTensor* acl_src, aclTensor* acl_dst,
-                                    int64_t dim, int64_t repeats,
-                                    int64_t output_size) {
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RepeatInterleaveIntWithDim, acl_src, repeats, dim,
-                  output_size, acl_dst);
+static void aclnn_repeat_interleave(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                    aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                                    aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                                    int64_t                     dim,
+                                    int64_t                     repeats,
+                                    int64_t                     output_size) {
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RepeatInterleaveIntWithDim, acl_src, repeats, dim, output_size, acl_dst);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1757,10 +1939,9 @@ static void aclnn_repeat_interleave(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result of the matrix
  * multiplication will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_cann_mat_mul_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                 ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* weight = dst->src[0];  // weight
-    ggml_tensor* input = dst->src[1];   // input
+static void ggml_cann_mat_mul_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * weight = dst->src[0];  // weight
+    ggml_tensor * input  = dst->src[1];  // input
 
     // when weight ne2 or ne3 is 1, aclnnMatmulGetWorkspaceSize will auto
     // broadcast, when weight ne2 or ne3 is not 1, weight need repeat.
@@ -1775,34 +1956,36 @@ static void ggml_cann_mat_mul_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
         }
     }
 
-    aclTensor* acl_input_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(input, bcast_input_ne, bcast_input_nb, n_dims);
-    int64_t transpose_ne[] = {bcast_weight_ne[1], bcast_weight_ne[0],
-                              bcast_weight_ne[2], bcast_weight_ne[3],
-                              bcast_weight_ne[4], bcast_weight_ne[5]};
-    size_t transpose_nb[] = {bcast_weight_nb[1], bcast_weight_nb[0],
-                             bcast_weight_nb[2], bcast_weight_nb[3],
-                             bcast_weight_nb[4], bcast_weight_nb[5]};
-    aclTensor* acl_weight_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(weight, transpose_ne, transpose_nb, n_dims);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, bcast_dst_ne, bcast_dst_nb, n_dims);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(input, bcast_input_ne, bcast_input_nb, n_dims);
+    int64_t        transpose_ne[]   = { bcast_weight_ne[1], bcast_weight_ne[0], bcast_weight_ne[2],
+                                        bcast_weight_ne[3], bcast_weight_ne[4], bcast_weight_ne[5] };
+    size_t         transpose_nb[]   = { bcast_weight_nb[1], bcast_weight_nb[0], bcast_weight_nb[2],
+                                        bcast_weight_nb[3], bcast_weight_nb[4], bcast_weight_nb[5] };
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_weight_tensor;
+
+    // Only check env once.
+    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
+    if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight(weight)) {
+        acl_weight_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(weight, transpose_ne, transpose_nb, n_dims, ACL_FORMAT_FRACTAL_NZ);
+    } else {
+        acl_weight_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(weight, transpose_ne, transpose_nb, n_dims, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    }
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, bcast_dst_ne, bcast_dst_nb, n_dims);
 
     switch (n_dims) {
         case 2:
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Mm, acl_input_tensor, acl_weight_tensor, acl_dst, 2);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Mm, acl_input_tensor.get(), acl_weight_tensor.get(), acl_dst.get(), 2);
             break;
         case 3:
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, BatchMatMul, acl_input_tensor, acl_weight_tensor, acl_dst, 2);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, BatchMatMul, acl_input_tensor.get(), acl_weight_tensor.get(), acl_dst.get(),
+                                    2);
             break;
         default:
             // ALLOW_FP32_DOWN_PRECISION, when input is
             // fp32, atlas a2 will transpose it to HFLOAT32.
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Matmul, acl_input_tensor, acl_weight_tensor, acl_dst, 1);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Matmul, acl_input_tensor.get(), acl_weight_tensor.get(), acl_dst.get(), 1);
             break;
     }
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_weight_tensor, acl_input_tensor, acl_dst);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1818,11 +2001,9 @@ static void ggml_cann_mat_mul_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result of the matrix
  * multiplication will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_quant(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                    ggml_tensor* dst,
-                                    const enum ggml_type type) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];  // weight
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];  // input
+static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_quant(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, const enum ggml_type type) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // weight
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // input
 
     // The shape of the weight is NCHW.
     // Matrix multiplication uses HW dims.
@@ -1836,56 +2017,51 @@ static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_quant(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
     } else {
         GGML_ABORT("Only support Q4_0 and Q8_0 MUL_MAT");
     }
-    float weight_nb[] = {src0->ne[0] * weight_elem_size, weight_elem_size};
+    float  weight_nb[]   = { src0->ne[0] * weight_elem_size, weight_elem_size };
     size_t weight_stride = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[0] * weight_elem_size;
-    size_t weight_size = weight_stride * src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    size_t weight_size   = weight_stride * src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
 
     // scale stored at the end of weight. Also need transpose.
     size_t scale_elem_size = sizeof(uint16_t);
-    size_t scale_nb[] = {src0->ne[0] / QK8_0 * scale_elem_size,
-                         scale_elem_size};
-    size_t scale_stride = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[0] / QK8_0 * scale_elem_size;
-    char* scale_offset = (char*)src0->data + weight_size;
+    size_t scale_nb[]      = { src0->ne[0] / QK8_0 * scale_elem_size, scale_elem_size };
+    size_t scale_stride    = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[0] / QK8_0 * scale_elem_size;
+    char * scale_offset    = (char *) src0->data + weight_size;
 
     // input
-    size_t input_elem_size = sizeof(uint16_t);
-    int64_t input_ne[] = {src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1]};
-    size_t input_nb[] = {input_elem_size, input_ne[0] * input_elem_size};
-    size_t input_stride = input_ne[0] * input_ne[1] * input_elem_size;
+    size_t               input_elem_size = sizeof(uint16_t);
+    int64_t              input_ne[]      = { src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1] };
+    size_t               input_nb[]      = { input_elem_size, input_ne[0] * input_elem_size };
+    size_t               input_stride    = input_ne[0] * input_ne[1] * input_elem_size;
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc input_alloctor(ctx.pool());
-    void* input_buffer = src1->data;
+    void *               input_buffer = src1->data;
 
     // case in
     if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        aclTensor* acl_src1_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-        input_buffer =
-            input_alloctor.alloc(ggml_nelements(src1) * input_elem_size);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_src1_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
+        input_buffer                   = input_alloctor.alloc(ggml_nelements(src1) * input_elem_size);
 
-        int64_t* input_cast_ne = src1->ne;
-        size_t input_cast_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        int64_t * input_cast_ne = src1->ne;
+        size_t    input_cast_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
         input_cast_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
         for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
             input_cast_nb[i] = input_cast_nb[i - 1] * input_cast_ne[i - 1];
         }
 
-        aclTensor* acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            input_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, input_elem_size, input_cast_ne,
-            input_cast_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src1_tensor, acl_input_tensor, ACL_FLOAT16);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_input_tensor, acl_src1_tensor);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, input_elem_size,
+                                                                  input_cast_ne, input_cast_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src1_tensor.get(), acl_input_tensor.get(), ACL_FLOAT16);
     }
 
     // output
-    size_t output_elem_size = sizeof(uint16_t);
-    size_t output_nb[] = {output_elem_size, dst->ne[0] * output_elem_size};
+    size_t               output_elem_size = sizeof(uint16_t);
+    size_t               output_nb[]      = { output_elem_size, dst->ne[0] * output_elem_size };
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc output_allocator(ctx.pool());
-    void* output_buffer =
-        output_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(dst) * output_elem_size);
-    size_t output_stride = dst->ne[0] * dst->ne[1] * output_elem_size;
+    void *               output_buffer = output_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(dst) * output_elem_size);
+    size_t               output_stride = dst->ne[0] * dst->ne[1] * output_elem_size;
 
     // aclnn
-    int64_t max_elem_size = 65535;
-    int64_t split_size = (src0->ne[1] / max_elem_size) + 1;
+    int64_t              max_elem_size = 65535;
+    int64_t              split_size    = (src0->ne[1] / max_elem_size) + 1;
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc workspace_allocator(ctx.pool());
     for (int64_t n1 = 0; n1 < src1->ne[3]; n1++) {
         for (int64_t c1 = 0; c1 < src1->ne[2]; c1++) {
@@ -1895,98 +2071,77 @@ static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_quant(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
             int64_t batch1 = (n1 * src1->ne[2]) + c1;
             int64_t batch0 = (n0 * src0->ne[2]) + c0;
 
-            aclTensor* acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                (char*)input_buffer + batch1 * input_stride, ACL_FLOAT16,
-                input_elem_size, input_ne, input_nb, 2);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                (char *) input_buffer + batch1 * input_stride, ACL_FLOAT16, input_elem_size, input_ne, input_nb, 2);
 
             // first split
             int64_t weight_ne_offset = 0;
-            int64_t weight_ne[2] = {
-                max_elem_size > src0->ne[1] ? src0->ne[1] : max_elem_size,
-                src0->ne[0]};
-            int64_t scale_ne_offset = 0;
-            int64_t scale_ne[2] = {weight_ne[0], weight_ne[1] / QK8_0};
+            int64_t weight_ne[2]     = { max_elem_size > src0->ne[1] ? src0->ne[1] : max_elem_size, src0->ne[0] };
+            int64_t scale_ne_offset  = 0;
+            int64_t scale_ne[2]      = { weight_ne[0], weight_ne[1] / QK8_0 };
             int64_t output_ne_offset = 0;
-            int64_t output_ne[2] = {weight_ne[0], dst->ne[1]};
-
-            aclTensor* acl_weight_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                (char*)src0->data + batch0 * weight_stride,
-                ggml_cann_type_mapping(type), weight_elem_size, weight_ne,
-                weight_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, weight_ne_offset);
-            aclTensor* acl_scale_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                scale_offset + batch0 * scale_stride, ACL_FLOAT16,
-                scale_elem_size, scale_ne, scale_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                scale_ne_offset);
-            aclTensor* acl_output_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                (char*)output_buffer + batch1 * output_stride, ACL_FLOAT16,
-                output_elem_size, output_ne, output_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                output_ne_offset);
+            int64_t output_ne[2]     = { weight_ne[0], dst->ne[1] };
+
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_weight_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) src0->data + batch0 * weight_stride, ggml_cann_type_mapping(type),
+                                        weight_elem_size, weight_ne, weight_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, weight_ne_offset);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_scale_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(scale_offset + batch0 * scale_stride, ACL_FLOAT16, scale_elem_size, scale_ne,
+                                        scale_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, scale_ne_offset);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_output_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) output_buffer + batch1 * output_stride, ACL_FLOAT16, output_elem_size,
+                                        output_ne, output_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, output_ne_offset);
             int64_t antiquantGroupSize = 0;
             if (src0->ne[0] > QK8_0) {
                 antiquantGroupSize = QK8_0;
             }
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2, acl_input_tensor,
-                           acl_weight_tensor, acl_scale_tensor, nullptr,
-                           nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, antiquantGroupSize,
-                           acl_output_tensor);
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_weight_tensor, acl_scale_tensor, acl_output_tensor);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2, acl_input_tensor.get(), acl_weight_tensor.get(),
+                                    acl_scale_tensor.get(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, antiquantGroupSize,
+                                    acl_output_tensor.get());
 
             // other splits
             for (int64_t split = 1; split < split_size; split++) {
-                weight_ne_offset +=
-                    weight_elem_size * weight_ne[0] * weight_ne[1];
-                weight_ne[0] = max_elem_size * (split + 1) > src0->ne[1]
-                                   ? src0->ne[1] - (max_elem_size * split)
-                                   : max_elem_size;
+                weight_ne_offset += weight_elem_size * weight_ne[0] * weight_ne[1];
+                weight_ne[0] =
+                    max_elem_size * (split + 1) > src0->ne[1] ? src0->ne[1] - (max_elem_size * split) : max_elem_size;
                 scale_ne_offset += scale_elem_size * scale_ne[0] * scale_ne[1];
                 scale_ne[0] = weight_ne[0];
-                output_ne_offset +=
-                    output_elem_size * output_ne[0] * output_ne[1];
+                output_ne_offset += output_elem_size * output_ne[0] * output_ne[1];
                 output_ne[0] = weight_ne[0];
 
-                acl_weight_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    (char*)src0->data + batch0 * weight_stride,
-                    ggml_cann_type_mapping(type), weight_elem_size, weight_ne,
-                    weight_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, weight_ne_offset);
-                acl_scale_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    scale_offset + batch0 * scale_stride, ACL_FLOAT16,
-                    scale_elem_size, scale_ne, scale_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                    scale_ne_offset);
-                acl_output_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    (char*)output_buffer + batch1 * output_stride, ACL_FLOAT16,
-                    output_elem_size, output_ne, output_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                    output_ne_offset);
-                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2, acl_input_tensor,
-                                   acl_weight_tensor, acl_scale_tensor, nullptr,
-                                   nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, antiquantGroupSize,
-                                   acl_output_tensor);
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_weight_tensor, acl_scale_tensor, acl_output_tensor);
+                acl_weight_tensor =
+                    ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) src0->data + batch0 * weight_stride, ggml_cann_type_mapping(type),
+                                            weight_elem_size, weight_ne, weight_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, weight_ne_offset);
+                acl_scale_tensor =
+                    ggml_cann_create_tensor(scale_offset + batch0 * scale_stride, ACL_FLOAT16, scale_elem_size,
+                                            scale_ne, scale_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, scale_ne_offset);
+                acl_output_tensor =
+                    ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) output_buffer + batch1 * output_stride, ACL_FLOAT16,
+                                            output_elem_size, output_ne, output_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, output_ne_offset);
+                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2, acl_input_tensor.get(), acl_weight_tensor.get(),
+                                        acl_scale_tensor.get(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, antiquantGroupSize,
+                                        acl_output_tensor.get());
             }
-
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_input_tensor);
         }
     }
 
     // cast out
     if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        int64_t* output_cast_ne = dst->ne;
-        size_t output_cast_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        int64_t * output_cast_ne = dst->ne;
+        size_t    output_cast_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
         output_cast_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
         for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
             output_cast_nb[i] = output_cast_nb[i - 1] * output_cast_ne[i - 1];
         }
 
-        aclTensor* acl_output_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            output_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, output_elem_size, output_cast_ne,
-            output_cast_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        aclTensor* acl_dst_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
-        aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_output_tensor, acl_dst_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
-
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_output_tensor, acl_dst_tensor);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_output_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(output_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, output_elem_size,
+                                                                   output_cast_ne, output_cast_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst_tensor    = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_output_tensor.get(), acl_dst_tensor.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+void ggml_cann_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const enum ggml_type type = dst->src[0]->type;
     switch (type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
@@ -2019,12 +2174,14 @@ void ggml_cann_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * @param dims An array specifying the dimensions along which elements are
  * shifted.
  */
-static void aclnn_roll(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-                       aclTensor* acl_dst, int64_t* shifts, int64_t* dims) {
-    aclIntArray* acl_shifts = aclCreateIntArray(shifts, 1);
-    aclIntArray* acl_dims = aclCreateIntArray(dims, 1);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Roll, acl_src, acl_shifts, acl_dims, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_shifts, acl_dims);
+static void aclnn_roll(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                       aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                       aclTensor *                 acl_dst,
+                       int64_t *                   shifts,
+                       int64_t *                   dims) {
+    acl_int_array_ptr acl_shifts = ggml_cann_create_int_array(shifts, 1);
+    acl_int_array_ptr acl_dims   = ggml_cann_create_int_array(dims, 1);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Roll, acl_src, acl_shifts.get(), acl_dims.get(), acl_dst);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2040,556 +2197,1024 @@ static void aclnn_roll(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
  * @param index_num The number of positions specified in the index array.
  * @param value The scalar value used to fill the specified positions.
  */
-static void aclnn_index_fill_tensor(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                    aclTensor* acl_src, int64_t dim,
-                                    int64_t* index, int64_t index_num,
-                                    float value) {
-    aclIntArray* acl_index = aclCreateIntArray(index, index_num);
-    aclScalar* acl_value = aclCreateScalar(&value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceIndexFillTensor, acl_src, dim, acl_index, acl_value);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_index, acl_value);
-}
-
-static void aclnn_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
-                             aclTensor* acl_cos_repeat_tensor,
-                             aclTensor* acl_sin_repeat_tensor,
-                             float theta_scale, float freq_scale,
-                             float attn_factor, bool is_neox) {
-    // int sin/cos cache, cache has different repeat method depond on
-    // @param.is_neox
-
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];  // input
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];  // position
-    ggml_tensor* src2 = dst->src[2];  // freq_factors
-
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+static void aclnn_index_fill_tensor(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                    aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+                                    int64_t                     dim,
+                                    int64_t *                   index,
+                                    int64_t                     index_num,
+                                    float                       value) {
+    acl_int_array_ptr acl_index = ggml_cann_create_int_array(index, index_num);
+    acl_scalar_ptr    acl_value = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceIndexFillTensor, acl_src, dim, acl_index.get(), acl_value.get());
+}
 
-    // theta_scale arange, [0,1,...,ne00/2 - 1]
-    int64_t theta_scale_length = ne00 / 2;
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc theta_scale_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                          theta_scale_length * sizeof(float_t));
-    void* theta_scale_buffer = theta_scale_allocator.get();
-    int64_t theta_scale_ne[] = {theta_scale_length, 1, 1, 1};
-    size_t theta_scale_nb[] = {sizeof(float_t), sizeof(float_t), sizeof(float_t),
-                          theta_scale_length * sizeof(float_t)};
-
-    aclTensor* acl_theta_scale_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(theta_scale_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
-                                theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    float start = 0;
-    float step = 1;
-    float stop = ne00 / 2;
-    float n_elements = ne00 / 2;
-    aclnn_arange(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, start, stop, step, n_elements);
-
-    // power
-    aclScalar* acl_theta_scale = aclCreateScalar(&theta_scale, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, PowScalarTensor, acl_theta_scale, acl_theta_scale_tensor,
-                            acl_theta_scale_tensor);
-
-    // freq_scale
-    if (freq_scale != 1) {
-        aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, freq_scale, nullptr, true);
-    }
-
-    // freq_factors
-    if (src2) {
-        aclTensor* acl_freq_factors_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            src2->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src2->type),
-            ggml_type_size(src2->type), theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        aclnn_div(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, acl_freq_factors_tensor);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_freq_factors_tensor);
+/**
+ * @brief Initializes and caches all intermediate tensors required for RoPE
+ *        (Rotary Position Embedding), including support for Yarn, mRoPE,
+ *        i-mRoPE, Neox repeat strategy, independent sectors, frequency factors，
+ *        and multi-section rotary groups.
+ *
+ * This function computes and caches the per-dimension θ coefficients used for
+ * Q/K rotary embedding. The cache is shared across layers, and recomputed only
+ * when any dependent parameter changes.
+ *
+ * The function now supports:
+ *   - Yarn RoPE extrapolation (via @param corr_dims and @param ext_factor)
+ *   - Per-dimension independent sector exponent rules (indep_sects + sections[])
+ *   - Multi-section RoPE (mRoPE) index mapping (mrope_used + is_imrope)
+ *   - Frequency factor division (src2)
+ *   - Neox / normal repeat expansion modes
+ *
+ * @param ctx                CANN backend context, containing memory pool,
+ *                           cached buffers, and runtime stream.
+ * @param dst                Destination ggml_tensor whose computation
+ *                           depends on RoPE (typically Qcur or Kcur).
+ * @param corr_dims          [low, high] Yarn correction range.
+ * @param ext_factor         Yarn extrapolation strength. 0 = disabled.
+ * @param theta_scale        Base multiplier for per-dimension θ exponent.
+ * @param freq_scale         Global frequency scaling factor.
+ * @param attn_factor        Optional scaling applied to sin/cos (if needed).
+ * @param is_neox            Whether to use Neox-style dimension interleave.
+ * @param sections           4-way sector sizes for independent-section RoPE
+ *                           and multi-section mRoPE (t/h/w/e).
+ * @param mrope_used         Whether to enable multi-section rotary embedding.
+ * @param is_imrope          Whether to apply interleaved mRoPE rules.
+ * @param indep_sects        Whether each dimension runs independent exponent
+ *                           resets based on @p sections.
+ */
+static void aclnn_rope_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                  ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                                  float *                     corr_dims,
+                                  float                       ext_factor,
+                                  float                       theta_scale,
+                                  float                       freq_scale,
+                                  float                       attn_factor,
+                                  bool                        is_neox,
+                                  int                         sections[4],
+                                  bool                        mrope_used,
+                                  bool                        is_imrope,
+                                  bool                        indep_sects,
+                                  int64_t                     rope_dims) {
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // position
+    ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];  // freq_factors
+
+    int64_t theta_scale_length = rope_dims / 2;
+    int64_t position_length    = dst->ne[2];
+
+    // TODO: check theta_scale_length and position_length.
+    if (src2 == nullptr && ctx.rope_cache.cached &&
+        ctx.rope_cache.equal(theta_scale_length, position_length, ext_factor, theta_scale, freq_scale, attn_factor,
+                             is_neox, indep_sects, mrope_used, is_imrope, sections)) {
+        // use cache.
+        return;
     }
 
-    // position
+    // Step0: calculate tensor shape.
+    int64_t theta_scale_ne[] = { theta_scale_length, 1, 1, 1 };
+    size_t  theta_scale_nb[] = { sizeof(float), theta_scale_length * sizeof(float), theta_scale_length * sizeof(float),
+                                 theta_scale_length * sizeof(float) };
+
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-    int64_t position_length = src1->ne[0];
-    int64_t position_ne[] = {1, 1, position_length, 1};
-    size_t position_nb[] = {sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t),
-                            sizeof(int32_t) * position_length};
-    aclTensor* acl_position_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        src1->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type),
-        ggml_type_size(src1->type), position_ne, position_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-    // power * position
-    int64_t theta_length = theta_scale_length * position_length;
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc theta_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                         theta_length * sizeof(float_t));
-    void* theta_buffer = theta_allocator.get();
-    int64_t theta_ne[] = {theta_scale_length, 1, position_length, 1};
-    size_t theta_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-    theta_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+    int64_t position_ne[] = { 1, 1, position_length, 1 };
+    size_t  position_nb[] = { sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t) * position_length };
+
+    int64_t cache_ne[] = { theta_scale_length, 1, position_length, 1 };
+    size_t  cache_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    cache_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        theta_nb[i] = theta_nb[i - 1] * theta_ne[i - 1];
+        cache_nb[i] = cache_nb[i - 1] * cache_ne[i - 1];
+    }
+
+    // Step1: Compute the coefficient of theta. During the cache_init process, aside from
+    // (1) multiplying by the position,
+    // (2) dividing by freq_factors,
+    // (3) computing the sine and cosine,
+    // the other parameters used in the computation generally do not change in most scenarios.
+    // Therefore, we can first compute this part of the result and then cache it.
+
+    // Step1.1: prepare theta_scale exponent. if this exponent updated, should update theta_scale_tensor.
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_theta_scale_tensor;
+    bool           theta_scale_updated = false;
+    if (ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_length != theta_scale_length || ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale != theta_scale ||
+        ctx.rope_cache.indep_sects != indep_sects) {
+        theta_scale_updated = true;
+        if (ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host != nullptr) {
+            free(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host);
+        }
+        ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host = (float *) malloc(theta_scale_length * sizeof(float));
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host != nullptr);
+        if (!indep_sects) {
+            ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host[0] = 1;
+            for (int i = 1; i < theta_scale_length; i++) {
+                ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host[i] = ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host[i - 1] * theta_scale;
+            }
+        } else {
+            int sect_dims = sections[0] + sections[1] + sections[2] + sections[3];
+            int sec_w     = sections[1] + sections[0];
+            int sec_e     = sections[2] + sec_w;
+
+            ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host[0] = 1;
+            for (int i = 1; i < theta_scale_length; i++) {
+                int sector = i % sect_dims;
+                if (sector == 0 || sector == sections[0] || sector == sec_w || sector == sec_e) {
+                    ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host[i] = 1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host[i] = ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host[i - 1] * theta_scale;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache));
+        }
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache, theta_scale_length * sizeof(float),
+                              ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache, theta_scale_length * sizeof(float),
+                                   ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_exp_host, theta_scale_length * sizeof(float),
+                                   ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE, ctx.stream()));
+    }
+    acl_theta_scale_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                     theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, 1);
+
+    // Step1.2: prepare rope_yarn_ramp, if this part updated, should update theta_scale_tensor.
+    // TODO: acl_yarn_ramp_tensor use rope cache.
+    bool           yarn_ramp_tensor_updated = false;
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_yarn_ramp_tensor;
+    if (ext_factor != 0 && (theta_scale_updated || ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_length != theta_scale_length ||
+                            ctx.rope_cache.freq_scale != freq_scale)) {
+        yarn_ramp_tensor_updated = true;
+        if (ctx.rope_cache.yarn_ramp_cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ctx.rope_cache.yarn_ramp_cache));
+        }
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&ctx.rope_cache.yarn_ramp_cache, theta_scale_length * sizeof(float),
+                              ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+        // -rope_yarn_ramp
+        // const float y = (i0 / 2 - low) / MAX(0.001f, high - low);
+        // return MIN(1, MAX(0, y)) - 1;
+        acl_yarn_ramp_tensor      = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.yarn_ramp_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                            theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, 1);
+        float          zero_value = 0, one_value = 1;
+        float          denom_safe_value = MAX(0.001f, corr_dims[1] - corr_dims[0]);
+        acl_scalar_ptr low              = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&corr_dims[0], aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+        acl_scalar_ptr zero             = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&zero_value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+        acl_scalar_ptr one              = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&one_value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+        acl_scalar_ptr denom_safe       = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&denom_safe_value, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+        acl_scalar_ptr ext_factor_sc    = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&ext_factor, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+
+        aclnn_arange(ctx, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), 0, theta_scale_length, 1, theta_scale_length);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceSubs, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), low.get(), one.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceDivs, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), denom_safe.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceThreshold, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), zero.get(), zero.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceClampMax, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), one.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceSubs, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), one.get(), one.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMuls, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), ext_factor_sc.get());
+
+        // theta_interp = freq_scale * theta_extrap;
+        // theta = theta_interp * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
+        // theta = freq_scale * theta_extrap * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
+        // theta = freq_scale * theta_extrap - freq_scale * theta_extrap * ramp_mix + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
+        // theta = theta_extrap * (freq_scale - freq_scale * ramp_mix + ramp_mix);
+        //
+        // we cache (freq_scale - freq_scale * ramp_mix + ramp_mix), Considering that the rope_yarn_ramp here is the inverse
+        // cache freq_scale + (freq_scale - 1) * ramp_mix
+        float          freq_scale_1    = freq_scale - 1;
+        acl_scalar_ptr freq_scale_sc   = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&freq_scale, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+        acl_scalar_ptr freq_scale_1_sc = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&freq_scale_1, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMuls, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), freq_scale_1_sc.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdds, acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get(), freq_scale_sc.get(), one.get());
+    } else {
+        acl_yarn_ramp_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.yarn_ramp_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                       theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, 1);
+    }
+    // Step 1.3: update theta_scale_tensor according to ext_factor or freq_scale.
+    if (ext_factor != 0) {
+        if (theta_scale_updated || yarn_ramp_tensor_updated) {
+            theta_scale_updated = true;
+            aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor.get(), acl_yarn_ramp_tensor.get());
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (freq_scale != 1 && (ctx.rope_cache.freq_scale != freq_scale || theta_scale_updated)) {
+            theta_scale_updated = true;
+            aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor.get(), freq_scale, nullptr, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Nothing changed, use cache.
+    if (!theta_scale_updated) {
+        acl_theta_scale_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                         theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    }
+
+    // Step 1.4: prepare select index if mrope
+    acl_tensor_ptr position_select_index_tensor;
+    if (mrope_used) {
+        if (ctx.rope_cache.sections[0] != sections[0] || ctx.rope_cache.sections[1] != sections[1] ||
+            ctx.rope_cache.sections[2] != sections[2] || ctx.rope_cache.sections[3] != sections[3] ||
+            ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_length != theta_scale_length || ctx.rope_cache.is_imrope != is_imrope) {
+            if (ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host != nullptr) {
+                free(ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host);
+            }
+            ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host = (int *) malloc(theta_scale_length * sizeof(int));
+            GGML_ASSERT(ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host != nullptr);
+            int sect_dims = sections[0] + sections[1] + sections[2] + sections[3];
+            int sec_w     = sections[1] + sections[0];
+            int sec_e     = sections[2] + sec_w;
+            // t,h,w,e
+            for (int i = 0; i < theta_scale_length; i++) {
+                int sector = i % sect_dims;
+
+                if (is_imrope) {  // qwen3vl apply interleaved mrope
+                    if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * sections[1]) {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 1;
+                    } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * sections[2]) {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 2;
+                    } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * sections[0]) {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 3;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (sector >= sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 1;
+                    } else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_e) {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 2;
+                    } else if (sector >= sec_e) {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 3;
+                    } else {
+                        ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host[i] = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index != nullptr) {
+                ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index));
+            }
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index, theta_scale_length * sizeof(int),
+                                  ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index, theta_scale_length * sizeof(int),
+                                       ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index_host, theta_scale_length * sizeof(int),
+                                       ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE, ctx.stream()));
+        }
+
+        position_select_index_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.position_select_index, ACL_INT32,
+                                                               sizeof(int), theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, 1);
+    }
+
+    // Step2: divide by freq_factors
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc freq_fac_res_allocator(ctx.pool());
+    if (src2) {
+        freq_fac_res_allocator.alloc(theta_scale_length * sizeof(float));
+        void *         freq_fac_res_ptr = freq_fac_res_allocator.get();
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_freq_factors_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src2->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src2->type), ggml_type_size(src2->type),
+                                    theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_freq_fac_res_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(freq_fac_res_ptr, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                         theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        aclnn_div(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor.get(), acl_freq_factors_tensor.get(), acl_freq_fac_res_tensor.get());
+        std::swap(acl_theta_scale_tensor, acl_freq_fac_res_tensor);
+    }
+
+    // Step3: prepare position_tensor
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_position_tensor;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc mrope_position_acllocator(ctx.pool());
+    if (mrope_used) {
+        // Step3.1: select current position;
+        // position :
+        // pos1: [[0, 1 ,2 ,3 ],
+        // pos2:  [4, 5 ,6 ,7 ],
+        // pos3:  [8, 9 ,10,11],
+        // pos4:  [12,13,14,15] ]
+        //
+        // select index = [0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0]
+        //
+        // selected_tensor:
+        // [[0, 1 ,2 ,3 ],
+        //  [4, 5 ,6 ,7 ],
+        //  [8, 9 ,10,11],
+        //  [8, 9 ,10,11],
+        //  [4, 5 ,6 ,7 ],
+        //  [0, 1 ,2 ,3 ]]
+        //
+        // transpose, from [seq_len:dims] to [dims:seq_len]
+        // [0, 4, 8 ,8 ,4, 0],
+        // [1, 5, 9, 9, 5, 1],
+        // [2, 6, 10,10,6 ,2],
+        // [3, 7, 11,11,7 3 ]]
+        //
+        // multipy by theta_scale_tensor
+        // [theta_scale^0, theta_scale^1, ..., theta_scale ^ n]
+
+        int64_t        mrope_position_ne[] = { position_length, 4 };
+        size_t         mrope_position_nb[] = { sizeof(int), position_length * sizeof(int) };
+        acl_tensor_ptr mrope_position =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type), ggml_type_size(src1->type),
+                                    mrope_position_ne, mrope_position_nb, 2);
+
+        // selected position tensor's shape is a transpose of cache tensor.
+        int64_t selected_position_ne[] = { position_length, theta_scale_length };
+        size_t  selected_position_nb[] = { sizeof(float), position_length * sizeof(float) };
+        mrope_position_acllocator.alloc(theta_scale_length * position_length * sizeof(float));
+        void * mrope_position_buffer = mrope_position_acllocator.get();
+        acl_position_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(mrope_position_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type),
+                                    ggml_type_size(src1->type), selected_position_ne, selected_position_nb, 2);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, IndexSelect, mrope_position.get(), 0, position_select_index_tensor.get(),
+                                acl_position_tensor.get());
+
+        // transpose
+        int64_t transposed_ne[] = { position_length, 1, theta_scale_length, 1 };
+        size_t  transposed_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        transposed_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+        for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            transposed_nb[i] = transposed_nb[i - 1] * transposed_ne[i - 1];
+        }
+
+        std::swap(transposed_ne[0], transposed_ne[2]);
+        std::swap(transposed_nb[0], transposed_nb[2]);
+
+        acl_position_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(mrope_position_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type),
+                                    ggml_type_size(src1->type), transposed_ne, transposed_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+    } else {
+        // auto bcast.
+        acl_position_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type), ggml_type_size(src1->type),
+                                    position_ne, position_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    }
+
+    // Step4: multiply by the position
+    int64_t              theta_length = theta_scale_length * position_length;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc theta_allocator(ctx.pool(), theta_length * sizeof(float));
+    void *               theta_buffer = theta_allocator.get();
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_theta_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(theta_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), cache_ne, cache_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_position_tensor.get(), acl_theta_scale_tensor.get(), acl_theta_tensor.get());
+
+    // Step5: calculate sin cos.
+    // init sin_repeat && cos_repeat, only to accelerate first layer on each device
+    if (position_length > ctx.rope_cache.position_length) {
+        ctx.rope_cache.position_length = position_length;
+        if (ctx.rope_cache.sin_cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ctx.rope_cache.sin_cache));
+        }
+        if (ctx.rope_cache.cos_cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ctx.rope_cache.cos_cache));
+        }
+        int64_t repeat_theta_length = theta_scale_length * position_length * 2;
+        ACL_CHECK(
+            aclrtMalloc(&ctx.rope_cache.sin_cache, repeat_theta_length * sizeof(float), ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+        ACL_CHECK(
+            aclrtMalloc(&ctx.rope_cache.cos_cache, repeat_theta_length * sizeof(float), ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
     }
-    aclTensor* acl_theta_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(theta_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
-                                theta_ne, theta_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_position_tensor, acl_theta_scale_tensor,
-              acl_theta_tensor);
 
     // sin/cos
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sin_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                       theta_length * sizeof(float_t));
-    void* sin_buffer = sin_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* acl_sin_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        sin_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), theta_ne, theta_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    aclnn_sin(ctx, acl_theta_tensor, acl_sin_tensor);
-
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc cos_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                       theta_length * sizeof(float_t));
-    void* cos_buffer = cos_allocator.get();
-    aclTensor* acl_cos_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        cos_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), theta_ne, theta_nb,
-        GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-    aclnn_cos(ctx, acl_theta_tensor, acl_cos_tensor);
-
-    // attn_factor
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sin_allocator(ctx.pool(), theta_length * sizeof(float));
+    void *               sin_buffer = sin_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_sin_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(sin_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), cache_ne, cache_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    aclnn_sin(ctx, acl_theta_tensor.get(), acl_sin_tensor.get());
+
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc cos_allocator(ctx.pool(), theta_length * sizeof(float));
+    void *               cos_buffer = cos_allocator.get();
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_cos_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(cos_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), cache_ne, cache_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    aclnn_cos(ctx, acl_theta_tensor.get(), acl_cos_tensor.get());
+
+    if (ext_factor != 0) {
+        attn_factor *= 1.0f + 0.1f * logf(1.0f / freq_scale);
+    }
+
+    // Step 5: multiply by attn_factor
     if (attn_factor != 1) {
-        aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_sin_tensor, attn_factor, nullptr, true);
-        aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_cos_tensor, attn_factor, nullptr, true);
+        aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_sin_tensor.get(), attn_factor, nullptr, true);
+        aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_cos_tensor.get(), attn_factor, nullptr, true);
     }
 
-    // repeat
+    int64_t sin_reshape_ne[4] = { rope_dims, 1, dst->ne[2], 1 };
+    size_t  sin_reshape_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    sin_reshape_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        sin_reshape_nb[i] = sin_reshape_nb[i - 1] * sin_reshape_ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_sin_repeat_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.sin_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                   sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_cos_repeat_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.cos_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                   sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+    // Step 6: repeat
     if (is_neox) {
-        int64_t repeatsArray[] = {1, 1, 1, 2};
-        aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_sin_tensor, acl_sin_repeat_tensor, repeatsArray);
-        aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_cos_tensor, acl_cos_repeat_tensor, repeatsArray);
+        // [sinθ1, sinθ1, sinθ2, sinθ2, ..., sinθn, sinθn]
+        int64_t repeatsArray[] = { 1, 1, 1, 2 };
+        aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_sin_tensor.get(), acl_sin_repeat_tensor.get(), repeatsArray);
+        aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_cos_tensor.get(), acl_cos_repeat_tensor.get(), repeatsArray);
     } else {
         int64_t num_repeats = 2;
-        int64_t dim = 3;
+        int64_t dim         = 3;
         int64_t output_size = theta_scale_length * num_repeats;
-        aclnn_repeat_interleave(ctx, acl_sin_tensor, acl_sin_repeat_tensor, dim,
-                                num_repeats, output_size);
-        aclnn_repeat_interleave(ctx, acl_cos_tensor, acl_cos_repeat_tensor, dim,
-                                num_repeats, output_size);
+        // [sinθ1, sinθ2, ..., sinθn, sinθ1, sinθ2, ..., sinθn]
+        aclnn_repeat_interleave(ctx, acl_sin_tensor.get(), acl_sin_repeat_tensor.get(), dim, num_repeats, output_size);
+        aclnn_repeat_interleave(ctx, acl_cos_tensor.get(), acl_cos_repeat_tensor.get(), dim, num_repeats, output_size);
     }
 
-    // release
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, acl_position_tensor,
-        acl_theta_tensor, acl_sin_tensor, acl_cos_tensor, acl_theta_scale);
+    // Update cached value.
+    ctx.rope_cache.cached = true;
+    ctx.rope_cache.set(theta_scale_length, position_length, ext_factor, theta_scale, freq_scale, attn_factor, is_neox,
+                       indep_sects, mrope_used, is_imrope, sections);
 }
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
-aclnnStatus aclnnRotaryPositionEmbeddingGetWorkspaceSize(
-    const aclTensor* x, const aclTensor* cos, const aclTensor* sin,
-    int64_t mode, const aclTensor* yOut, uint64_t* workspaceSize,
-    aclOpExecutor** executor);
-aclnnStatus aclnnRotaryPositionEmbedding(void* workspace,
-                                         uint64_t workspaceSize,
-                                         aclOpExecutor* executor,
-                                         aclrtStream stream);
+aclnnStatus aclnnRotaryPositionEmbeddingGetWorkspaceSize(const aclTensor * x,
+                                                         const aclTensor * cos,
+                                                         const aclTensor * sin,
+                                                         int64_t           mode,
+                                                         const aclTensor * yOut,
+                                                         uint64_t *        workspaceSize,
+                                                         aclOpExecutor **  executor);
+aclnnStatus aclnnRotaryPositionEmbedding(void *          workspace,
+                                         uint64_t        workspaceSize,
+                                         aclOpExecutor * executor,
+                                         aclrtStream     stream);
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 
-void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    // TODO: use ascendc
-    // Only test with LLAMA model.
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];  // input
+void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // input
 
     // param
-    float freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
+    float     freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
+    int       sections[4];
     // const int n_past     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-    const int n_dims = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[1];
-    const int mode = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[2];
+    const int n_dims     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    const int mode       = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
     // const int n_ctx      = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
-    const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[4];
+    const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    memcpy(&freq_base, (int32_t*)dst->op_params + 5, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&freq_scale, (int32_t*)dst->op_params + 6, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&ext_factor, (int32_t*)dst->op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t*)dst->op_params + 8, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&beta_fast, (int32_t*)dst->op_params + 9, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&beta_slow, (int32_t*)dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&freq_base, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 5, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&freq_scale, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 6, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&ext_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 8, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_fast, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 9, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_slow, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&sections, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int) * 4);
 
-    // TODO: n_dims <= ne0
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne0);
     GGML_ASSERT(n_dims % 2 == 0);
-    // TODO: ext_factor != 0
-    GGML_ASSERT(ext_factor == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_dims <= ne00);
 
     const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
     float corr_dims[2];
-    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast,
-                             beta_slow, corr_dims);
-
-    const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
-
-    // init cos/sin cache
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sin_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), ne00 * ne02 * sizeof(float_t));
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc cos_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), ne00 * ne02 * sizeof(float_t));
-    void* sin_buffer = sin_allocator.get();
-    void* cos_buffer = cos_allocator.get();
-
-    int64_t sin_reshape_ne[4] = {ne00, 1, ne02, 1};
-    size_t sin_reshape_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-    sin_reshape_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
+
+    bool       is_neox    = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
+    const bool is_imrope  = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE;  // qwen3vl apply interleaved mrope
+    // mrope_used means the GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE bit is set.
+    // Note: this bit is also set for imrope and some vision modes,
+    // so mrope_used does NOT exclusively indicate pure mrope.
+    const bool mrope_used = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    const bool is_vision  = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
+
+    if (mrope_used) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(sections[0] > 0 || sections[1] > 0 || sections[2] > 0);
+    }
+
+    if (is_vision) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne0 / 2);
+    }
+
+    if (is_imrope || mrope_used) {
+        is_neox = true;
+    }
+
+    int64_t rope_dims = n_dims;
+
+    //Our current RotaryPositionEmbedding does not support the VISION mode,
+    //but essentially it only modifies theta_base in mrope,
+    //then repeats it at the end in the same way as is_neox.
+    //In fact, RoPE is still applied across all dimensions.
+    if (is_vision) {
+        rope_dims = src0->ne[0];
+    }
+    int64_t tail_dims = ne00 - rope_dims;
+    bool    has_tail  = tail_dims > 0;
+
+    // init ctx.rope_cos/rope_sin cache
+    aclnn_rope_cache_init(ctx, dst, corr_dims, ext_factor, theta_scale, freq_scale, attn_factor, is_neox, sections,
+                          mrope_used, is_imrope, is_vision, rope_dims);
+
+    // Cache is generated with ne00 dimensions, so we use ne00 for reshape
+    int64_t sin_reshape_ne[4] = { rope_dims, 1, ne02, 1 };
+    size_t  sin_reshape_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    sin_reshape_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
         sin_reshape_nb[i] = sin_reshape_nb[i - 1] * sin_reshape_ne[i - 1];
     }
-    aclTensor* acl_sin_reshape_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(sin_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
-                                sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    aclTensor* acl_cos_reshape_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(cos_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
-                                sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    aclnn_cache_init(ctx, dst, acl_cos_reshape_tensor, acl_sin_reshape_tensor,
-                    theta_scale, freq_scale, attn_factor, is_neox);
-
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_sin_reshape_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.sin_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                    sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_cos_reshape_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.cos_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                    sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
     // Special ROPE operation for 310P
 
     // roll input
-    void* input_roll_buffer;
-    aclTensor* acl_minus_one_tensor;
-    void* minus_one_scale_buffer = nullptr;
+    void *               input_roll_buffer;
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_minus_one_tensor;
+    void *               minus_one_scale_buffer = nullptr;
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc roll_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src0));
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc minus_one_scale_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), sizeof(float_t) * src0->ne[0]);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc minus_one_scale_allocator(ctx.pool(), sizeof(float) * src0->ne[0]);
     if (!is_neox) {
         // roll input: [q0,q1,q2,q3,...] -> [q1,q0,q3,q2,...]
-        input_roll_buffer = roll_allocator.get();
-        int64_t input_roll_ne[4] = {2, src0->ne[1] * (src0->ne[0] / 2),
-                                    src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3]};
-        size_t input_roll_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        input_roll_buffer        = roll_allocator.get();
+        int64_t input_roll_ne[4] = { 2, src0->ne[1] * (src0->ne[0] / 2), src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3] };
+        size_t  input_roll_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
         input_roll_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
         for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
             input_roll_nb[i] = input_roll_nb[i - 1] * input_roll_ne[i - 1];
         }
-        aclTensor* acl_input_roll_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            input_roll_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
-            ggml_type_size(src0->type), input_roll_ne, input_roll_nb,
-            GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        aclTensor* acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            src0->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
-            ggml_type_size(src0->type), input_roll_ne, input_roll_nb,
-            GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-        int64_t shifts[] = {1};
-        int64_t dims[] = {3};
-        aclnn_roll(ctx, acl_input_tensor, acl_input_roll_tensor, shifts, dims);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_input_roll_tensor, acl_input_tensor);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_roll_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_roll_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_type_size(src0->type),
+                                    input_roll_ne, input_roll_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_type_size(src0->type),
+                                    input_roll_ne, input_roll_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+        int64_t shifts[] = { 1 };
+        int64_t dims[]   = { 3 };
+        aclnn_roll(ctx, acl_input_tensor.get(), acl_input_roll_tensor.get(), shifts, dims);
 
         // init [-1, 1, -1, 1, ...]
         minus_one_scale_buffer = minus_one_scale_allocator.get();
 
-        int64_t minus_one_ne[4] = {src0->ne[0], 1, 1, 1};
-        size_t minus_one_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        minus_one_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+        int64_t minus_one_ne[4] = { src0->ne[0], 1, 1, 1 };
+        size_t  minus_one_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        minus_one_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
         for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
             minus_one_nb[i] = minus_one_nb[i - 1] * minus_one_ne[i - 1];
         }
-        acl_minus_one_tensor = aclnn_values(
-            ctx, minus_one_scale_buffer, sizeof(float_t) * src0->ne[0],
-            minus_one_ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), 1);
-        int64_t dim = 3;
-        int64_t* index = new int64_t[src0->ne[0]];
+        acl_minus_one_tensor = aclnn_values(ctx, minus_one_scale_buffer, sizeof(float) * src0->ne[0], minus_one_ne,
+                                            GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), 1);
+        int64_t   dim        = 3;
+        int64_t * index      = new int64_t[src0->ne[0]];
         for (int i = 0; i < src0->ne[0]; i++) {
             index[i] = i / 2 * 2;
         }
         int64_t index_num = src0->ne[0];
-        float value = -1;
-        aclnn_index_fill_tensor(ctx, acl_minus_one_tensor, dim, index,
-                                index_num, value);
+        float   value     = -1;
+        aclnn_index_fill_tensor(ctx, acl_minus_one_tensor.get(), dim, index, index_num, value);
     } else {
         // roll input: [q0,q1,q2,...] ->
         // [q_half,q_half+1,...,q_end,q0,q1,...q_half-1]
         input_roll_buffer = roll_allocator.get();
-        aclTensor* acl_input_roll_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            input_roll_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
-            ggml_type_size(src0->type), src0->ne, src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        aclTensor* acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_roll_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_roll_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_type_size(src0->type),
+                                    src0->ne, src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
 
-        int64_t shifts[] = {src0->ne[0] / 2};
-        int64_t dims[] = {3};
-        aclnn_roll(ctx, acl_input_tensor, acl_input_roll_tensor, shifts, dims);
+        int64_t shifts[] = { src0->ne[0] / 2 };
+        int64_t dims[]   = { 3 };
+        aclnn_roll(ctx, acl_input_tensor.get(), acl_input_roll_tensor.get(), shifts, dims);
 
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_input_roll_tensor, acl_input_tensor);
         // init [-1, -1, -1, 1, 1，1，...]
-        minus_one_scale_buffer = minus_one_scale_allocator.get();
-        int64_t minus_one_ne[4] = {src0->ne[0], 1, 1, 1};
-        size_t minus_one_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        minus_one_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+        minus_one_scale_buffer  = minus_one_scale_allocator.get();
+        int64_t minus_one_ne[4] = { src0->ne[0], 1, 1, 1 };
+        size_t  minus_one_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        minus_one_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
         for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
             minus_one_nb[i] = minus_one_nb[i - 1] * minus_one_ne[i - 1];
         }
-        acl_minus_one_tensor = aclnn_values(
-            ctx, minus_one_scale_buffer, sizeof(float_t) * src0->ne[0],
-            minus_one_ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), 1);
+        acl_minus_one_tensor     = aclnn_values(ctx, minus_one_scale_buffer, sizeof(float) * src0->ne[0], minus_one_ne,
+                                                GGML_MAX_DIMS, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), 1);
         // -1 * first half
-        int64_t first_half_ne[4] = {src0->ne[0] / 2, 1, 1, 1};
-        size_t first_half_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        first_half_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+        int64_t first_half_ne[4] = { src0->ne[0] / 2, 1, 1, 1 };
+        size_t  first_half_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        first_half_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
         for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
             first_half_nb[i] = first_half_nb[i - 1] * first_half_ne[i - 1];
         }
-        aclTensor* acl_first_half_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            minus_one_scale_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), first_half_ne,
-            first_half_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        bool inplace = true;
-        float scale = -1;
-        aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_first_half_tensor, scale, nullptr, inplace);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_first_half_tensor);
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_first_half_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(minus_one_scale_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                       first_half_ne, first_half_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        bool           inplace               = true;
+        float          scale                 = -1;
+        aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_first_half_tensor.get(), scale, nullptr, inplace);
     }
 
     // TODO: n_dims < ne0
     GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == src0->ne[0]);
 
     // input * scale
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc roll_mul_scale_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                                  ggml_nbytes(src0));
-    void* input_roll_mul_scale_buffer = roll_mul_scale_allocator.get();
-    size_t input_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc roll_mul_scale_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src0));
+    void *               input_roll_mul_scale_buffer = roll_mul_scale_allocator.get();
+    size_t               input_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
     input_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
         input_nb[i] = input_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
     }
-    aclTensor* acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        input_roll_mul_scale_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
-        ggml_type_size(src0->type), src0->ne, input_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    aclTensor* acl_input_roll_reshape_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        input_roll_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
-        ggml_type_size(src0->type), src0->ne, input_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_roll_mul_scale_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
+                                ggml_type_size(src0->type), src0->ne, input_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_input_roll_reshape_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_roll_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_type_size(src0->type),
+                                src0->ne, input_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
-    aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_input_roll_reshape_tensor, acl_minus_one_tensor,
-              acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor);
+    aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_input_roll_reshape_tensor.get(), acl_minus_one_tensor.get(),
+              acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor.get());
 
     // output
-    void* output_fp32_buffer;
+    void * output_fp32_buffer;
     if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_src, acl_cos_reshape_tensor);
-        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor,
-                          acl_sin_reshape_tensor);
-        aclnn_add(ctx, acl_src, acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor, acl_dst);
+        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_cos_reshape_tensor.get());
+        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor.get(), acl_sin_reshape_tensor.get());
+        aclnn_add(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor.get(), acl_dst.get());
         // TODO: ne0 != n_dims in mode2
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
         size_t input_fp32_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        input_fp32_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+        input_fp32_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
         for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
             input_fp32_nb[i] = input_fp32_nb[i - 1] * dst->ne[i - 1];
         }
-        ggml_cann_pool_alloc fp32_allocator1(
-            ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float_t));
-        void* input_fp32_buffer1 = fp32_allocator1.get();
-        aclTensor* input_fp32_tensor1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            input_fp32_buffer1, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), dst->ne,
-            input_fp32_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        ggml_cann_pool_alloc fp32_allocator2(
-            ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float_t));
-        void* input_fp32_buffer2 = fp32_allocator2.get();
-        aclTensor* input_fp32_tensor2 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            input_fp32_buffer2, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), dst->ne,
-            input_fp32_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-        ggml_cann_pool_alloc fp32_allocator(
-            ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float_t));
-        output_fp32_buffer = fp32_allocator.get();
-        aclTensor* output_fp32_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            output_fp32_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t), dst->ne,
-            input_fp32_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_src, acl_cos_reshape_tensor, input_fp32_tensor1);
-        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor, acl_sin_reshape_tensor,
-                  input_fp32_tensor2);
-        aclnn_add(ctx, input_fp32_tensor1, input_fp32_tensor2,
-                  output_fp32_tensor);
-        aclnn_cast(ctx, output_fp32_tensor, acl_dst, ACL_FLOAT16);
-
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, input_fp32_tensor1, input_fp32_tensor2,
-            output_fp32_tensor, acl_sin_reshape_tensor,
-            acl_minus_one_tensor, acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor,
-            acl_input_roll_reshape_tensor, acl_src);
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc fp32_allocator1(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float));
+        void *               input_fp32_buffer1 = fp32_allocator1.get();
+        acl_tensor_ptr       input_fp32_tensor1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_fp32_buffer1, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                          dst->ne, input_fp32_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc fp32_allocator2(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float));
+        void *               input_fp32_buffer2 = fp32_allocator2.get();
+        acl_tensor_ptr       input_fp32_tensor2 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_fp32_buffer2, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                          dst->ne, input_fp32_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc fp32_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float));
+        output_fp32_buffer                = fp32_allocator.get();
+        acl_tensor_ptr output_fp32_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(output_fp32_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                                                                    dst->ne, input_fp32_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_cos_reshape_tensor.get(), input_fp32_tensor1.get());
+        aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_input_roll_mul_scale_tensor.get(), acl_sin_reshape_tensor.get(), input_fp32_tensor2.get());
+        aclnn_add(ctx, input_fp32_tensor1.get(), input_fp32_tensor2.get(), output_fp32_tensor.get());
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, output_fp32_tensor.get(), acl_dst.get(), ACL_FLOAT16);
     }
     return;
 #endif
+    int64_t acl_mode = is_neox ? 0 : 1;
+
+    // Pre-define head and tail dimensions for reuse
+    int64_t head_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { rope_dims, ne01, ne02, ne03 };
+    int64_t tail_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { tail_dims, ne01, ne02, ne03 };
+
+    // Step 1: Prepare trans tensors for F16 type conversion to F32 if needed
+    bool                 src_dst_need_trans = false;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_trans_allocator(ctx.pool());
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc dst_trans_allocator(ctx.pool());
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_src_trans_tensor;
+    acl_tensor_ptr       acl_dst_trans_tensor;
+    void *               src_trans_buffer = nullptr;
+    void *               dst_trans_buffer = nullptr;
+    size_t               src_dst_trans_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        src_dst_need_trans = true;
+        src_trans_buffer   = src_trans_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(src0) * sizeof(float));
+        dst_trans_buffer   = dst_trans_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float));
 
-    // ggml_mode = 0 --> aclnn_model = 1
-    int64_t acl_mode = mode == 0 ? 1 : mode;
-
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RotaryPositionEmbedding, acl_src,
-                acl_cos_reshape_tensor, acl_sin_reshape_tensor, acl_mode, acl_dst);
-            break;
+        src_dst_trans_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+        for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            src_dst_trans_nb[i] = src_dst_trans_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
         }
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc src_trans_allocator(
-                ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(src0) * sizeof(float));
-            void* src_trans_buffer = src_trans_allocator.get();
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc dst_trans_allocator(
-                ctx.pool(), ggml_nelements(dst) * sizeof(float));
-            void* dst_trans_buffer = dst_trans_allocator.get();
-
-            size_t src_trans_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-            src_trans_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
-            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                src_trans_nb[i] = src_trans_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
-            }
+        acl_src_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), src0->ne,
+                                                       src_dst_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_dst_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), dst->ne,
+                                                       src_dst_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_src_trans_tensor.get(), ACL_FLOAT);
+    }
 
-            aclTensor* acl_src_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), src0->ne, src_trans_nb,
-                GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-            aclTensor* acl_dst_trans_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                dst_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), dst->ne, src_trans_nb,
-                GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    // Step 2: Prepare head tensors for tail splitting if needed
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src_head;
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst_head;
+    if (has_tail) {
+        // Create head views for RotaryPositionEmbedding (only first rope_dims dimensions)
+        // RotaryPositionEmbedding requires contiguous dst tensor, so we use a temporary buffer
+        if (src_dst_need_trans) {
+            // Use F32 trans tensor strides
+            acl_src_head = ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) src_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), head_ne,
+                                                   src_dst_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        } else {
+            // Use original F32 tensor strides
+            acl_src_head = ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) src0->data, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), head_ne, src0->nb,
+                                                   GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        }
 
-            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src, acl_src_trans_tensor, ACL_FLOAT);
+        int64_t              head_elements = rope_dims * ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc dst_head_contiguous_allocator(ctx.pool(), head_elements * sizeof(float));
+        void *               dst_head_contiguous_buffer = dst_head_contiguous_allocator.get();
 
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RotaryPositionEmbedding, acl_src_trans_tensor,
-                acl_cos_reshape_tensor, acl_sin_reshape_tensor, acl_mode,
-                acl_dst_trans_tensor);
+        size_t head_contiguous_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        head_contiguous_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+        for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            head_contiguous_nb[i] = head_contiguous_nb[i - 1] * head_ne[i - 1];
+        }
+        acl_dst_head = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst_head_contiguous_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), head_ne,
+                                               head_contiguous_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    }
 
-            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_dst_trans_tensor, acl_dst, ACL_FLOAT16);
+    // Step 3: Execute RotaryPositionEmbedding
+    if (has_tail) {
+        // Rotate only the head portion (first rope_dims dimensions)
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RotaryPositionEmbedding, acl_src_head.get(), acl_cos_reshape_tensor.get(),
+                                acl_sin_reshape_tensor.get(), acl_mode, acl_dst_head.get());
+
+        // Copy head result from contiguous buffer back to destination tensor
+        if (src_dst_need_trans) {
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst_head_target = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                (char *) dst_trans_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), head_ne, src_dst_trans_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            cann_copy(ctx, acl_dst_head.get(), acl_dst_head_target.get());
+        } else {
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst_head_target =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) dst->data, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), head_ne, dst->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            cann_copy(ctx, acl_dst_head.get(), acl_dst_head_target.get());
+        }
+    } else if (src_dst_need_trans) {
+        // Rotate full tensor (no tail), using trans tensors
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RotaryPositionEmbedding, acl_src_trans_tensor.get(), acl_cos_reshape_tensor.get(),
+                                acl_sin_reshape_tensor.get(), acl_mode, acl_dst_trans_tensor.get());
+    } else {
+        // Rotate full tensor (no tail), using original tensors
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RotaryPositionEmbedding, acl_src.get(), acl_cos_reshape_tensor.get(),
+                                acl_sin_reshape_tensor.get(), acl_mode, acl_dst.get());
+    }
 
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src_trans_tensor,
-                acl_dst_trans_tensor);
-            break;
+    // Step 4: Copy unrotated tail portion from source to destination
+    if (has_tail) {
+        size_t src_tail_offset;
+        size_t dst_tail_offset;
+
+        auto copy_tail_device = [&](void * src_ptr, void * dst_ptr, aclDataType dtype, size_t elem_size,
+                                    size_t * nb_src_arr, size_t * nb_dst_arr) {
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_src_tail =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(src_ptr, dtype, elem_size, tail_ne, nb_src_arr, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst_tail =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst_ptr, dtype, elem_size, tail_ne, nb_dst_arr, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            cann_copy(ctx, acl_src_tail.get(), acl_dst_tail.get());
+        };
+
+        if (src_dst_need_trans) {
+            // Use F32 trans tensor strides and offsets
+            src_tail_offset = rope_dims * src_dst_trans_nb[0];
+            dst_tail_offset = rope_dims * src_dst_trans_nb[0];
+            copy_tail_device((char *) src_trans_buffer + src_tail_offset, (char *) dst_trans_buffer + dst_tail_offset,
+                             ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), src_dst_trans_nb, src_dst_trans_nb);
+        } else {
+            // Use original tensor strides and offsets
+            src_tail_offset = rope_dims * nb00;
+            dst_tail_offset = rope_dims * nb0;
+            copy_tail_device((char *) src0->data + src_tail_offset, (char *) dst->data + dst_tail_offset,
+                             ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_element_size(dst), src0->nb, dst->nb);
         }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported tensor type for GGML_OP_ROPE");
-            break;
     }
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_cos_reshape_tensor,
-        acl_sin_reshape_tensor, acl_src, acl_dst);
-}
 
+    // Step 5: Cast back to F16 if needed
+    if (src_dst_need_trans) {
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_dst_trans_tensor.get(), acl_dst.get(), ACL_FLOAT16);
+    }
+}
 
- void ggml_cann_argmax(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
+void ggml_cann_argmax(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst->ne, dst->nb, 3);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst->ne, dst->nb, 3);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ArgMax, acl_src, 3, false, acl_dst);
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ArgMax, acl_src.get(), 3, false, acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
+void ggml_cann_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
     // stride
-    int64_t s0 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    int64_t s0 = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[0];
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_input  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, src1->ne, src1->nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_weight = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0->ne, src0->nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst    = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst->ne, dst->nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+
+    // get base information of input and kernel
+    int64_t input_len   = *(src1->ne);
+    int64_t dst_len     = *(dst->ne);
+    int64_t kernel_size = *(src0->ne);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_input = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, src1->ne, src1->nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
-    aclTensor* acl_weight = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0->ne, src0->nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst->ne, dst->nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+    // set the max kernel size for each conv
+    int64_t max_kernel_size = 255;
+
+    // compute the partition of kernel
+    int64_t part_num = 1;
+    part_num         = (kernel_size + max_kernel_size - 1) / max_kernel_size;
 
     int64_t strideVal[1];
-    strideVal[0] = s0;
-    aclIntArray *stride = aclCreateIntArray(strideVal, 1);
-    int64_t paddingVal[] = {0};
-    aclIntArray *padding = aclCreateIntArray(paddingVal, 1);
-    int64_t dilationVal[] = {1};
-    aclIntArray *dilation = aclCreateIntArray(dilationVal, 1);
-    bool transposed = true;
-    int64_t groups = 1;
-    int8_t cubeMathType = 0;
+    strideVal[0]                    = s0;
+    acl_int_array_ptr stride        = ggml_cann_create_int_array(strideVal, 1);
+    int64_t           paddingVal[]  = { 0 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr padding       = ggml_cann_create_int_array(paddingVal, 1);
+    int64_t           dilationVal[] = { 1 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr dilation      = ggml_cann_create_int_array(dilationVal, 1);
+    bool              transposed    = true;
+    int64_t           groups        = 1;
+    int8_t            cubeMathType  = 0;
 
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
     cubeMathType = 1;
 #endif
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Convolution, acl_input, acl_weight, nullptr, stride,
-        padding, dilation, transposed, padding, groups, acl_dst, cubeMathType);
+    auto weight_type = ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type);
+    auto dst_type    = ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type);
 
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_weight, acl_dst, stride, padding, dilation);
-}
+    // slice the kernel to make each conv available
+    int64_t slice_dim   = -1;
+    int64_t slice_start = 0;
+    int64_t slice_end   = max_kernel_size;
+    int64_t slice_step  = 1;
+    int64_t interval    = max_kernel_size;
 
-void ggml_cann_elu(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
-    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    int64_t left_pad_len  = dilationVal[0] * (max_kernel_size - 1) + 1 - 2 * paddingVal[0];
+    int64_t right_pad_len = 0;
+
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = nullptr;
+    float          alphaValue = 1.0;
+    alpha                     = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+
+    // set zero to destination
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceZero, acl_dst.get());
 
-    aclTensor* acl_input = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    for (int k = 0; k < part_num; k++) {
+        // create part kernel tensor and slice from big kernel
+        slice_start = max_kernel_size * k;
+        if (k == part_num - 1) {
+            slice_end = kernel_size;
+            interval  = kernel_size - max_kernel_size * k;
+        } else {
+            slice_end = max_kernel_size * (k + 1);
+        }
+
+        int64_t part_ne[4];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            part_ne[i] = *(src0->ne + i);
+        }
+        part_ne[0] = interval;
+
+        size_t part_nb[4];
+        part_nb[0] = sizeof(weight_type);
+        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+            part_nb[i] = part_nb[i - 1] * part_ne[i - 1];
+        }
 
-    float alphaValue = 1.0f;
-    aclScalar* alpha = nullptr;
-    alpha = aclCreateScalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc part_kernel_allocator;
+        part_kernel_allocator.alloc(ctx.pool(), part_nb[3]);
+        void * part_kernel_buf = part_kernel_allocator.get();
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Elu, acl_input, alpha, alpha, alpha,
-        acl_dst);
+        acl_tensor_ptr part_kernel = ggml_cann_create_tensor(part_kernel_buf, weight_type, ggml_element_size(src0),
+                                                             part_ne, part_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
 
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_input, acl_dst, alpha);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Slice, acl_weight.get(), slice_dim, slice_start, slice_end, slice_step,
+                                part_kernel.get());
+
+        // create the part conv result tensor
+        int64_t part_dst_ne[4];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            part_dst_ne[i] = *(dst->ne + i);
+        }
+        part_dst_ne[0] = (input_len - 1) * strideVal[0] - 2 * paddingVal[0] + dilationVal[0] * (part_ne[0] - 1) + 1;
+
+        size_t part_dst_nb[4];
+        part_dst_nb[0] = sizeof(weight_type);
+        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+            part_dst_nb[i] = part_dst_nb[i - 1] * part_dst_ne[i - 1];
+        }
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc part_dst_allocator;
+        part_dst_allocator.alloc(ctx.pool(), part_dst_nb[3]);
+        void * part_dst_buf = part_dst_allocator.get();
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_part_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(part_dst_buf, dst_type, ggml_element_size(dst),
+                                                              part_dst_ne, part_dst_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceZero, acl_part_dst.get());
+
+        // compute part conv transpose 1d
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Convolution, acl_input.get(), part_kernel.get(), nullptr, stride.get(),
+                                padding.get(), dilation.get(), transposed, padding.get(), groups, acl_part_dst.get(),
+                                cubeMathType);
+
+        // compute the position of part result in final result
+        int64_t global_start = slice_start;
+        int64_t global_end   = std::min((input_len - 1) * strideVal[0] + slice_end, dst_len);
+
+        left_pad_len  = global_start;
+        right_pad_len = dst_len - global_end;
+
+        std::vector<int64_t> padDataVal = { left_pad_len, right_pad_len };
+        acl_int_array_ptr    padData    = ggml_cann_create_int_array(padDataVal.data(), 2);
+
+        acl_scalar_ptr pad_value    = nullptr;
+        float          pad_valueVal = 0.0;
+        pad_value                   = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&pad_valueVal, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+
+        int64_t conv_result_ne[4];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            conv_result_ne[i] = *(dst->ne + i);
+        }
+
+        size_t conv_result_nb[4];
+        conv_result_nb[0] = sizeof(weight_type);
+        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+            conv_result_nb[i] = conv_result_nb[i - 1] * conv_result_ne[i - 1];
+        }
+
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc conv_result_allocator;
+        conv_result_allocator.alloc(ctx.pool(), conv_result_nb[3]);
+        void * conv_result_buf = conv_result_allocator.get();
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr conv_result = ggml_cann_create_tensor(conv_result_buf, dst_type, ggml_element_size(dst),
+                                                             conv_result_ne, conv_result_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceZero, conv_result.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ConstantPadNd, acl_part_dst.get(), padData.get(), pad_value.get(),
+                                conv_result.get());
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, acl_dst.get(), conv_result.get(), alpha.get());
+    }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_mean(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
+void ggml_cann_elu(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_input = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst   = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    int64_t reduceDimValue[] = {3};
-    aclIntArray* reduceDim = aclCreateIntArray(reduceDimValue, 1);
-    bool keepDim = true;
+    float          alphaValue = 1.0f;
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = nullptr;
+    alpha                     = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Mean, acl_src, reduceDim, keepDim, ACL_FLOAT, acl_dst);
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, reduceDim);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Elu, acl_input.get(), alpha.get(), alpha.get(), alpha.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
+void ggml_cann_mean(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    int32_t *opts = (int32_t *) dst->op_params;
-    int64_t paddingsArray[2] = {opts[0], opts[1]};
-    aclIntArray* paddings = aclCreateIntArray(paddingsArray, 2);
 
-    for (int64_t i = 0; i < src0->ne[3]; i++) {
-        aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            (char*)src0->data + i * src0->ne[3],
-            ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_element_size(src0),
-            src0->ne, src0->nb, 3);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+
+    int64_t           reduceDimValue[] = { 3 };
+    acl_int_array_ptr reduceDim        = ggml_cann_create_int_array(reduceDimValue, 1);
+    bool              keepDim          = true;
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Mean, acl_src.get(), reduceDim.get(), keepDim, ACL_FLOAT, acl_dst.get());
+}
 
-        aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            (char*)dst->data + i * src0->ne[3],
-            ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type), ggml_element_size(dst),
-            dst->ne, dst->nb, 3);
+void ggml_cann_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor *     src0             = dst->src[0];
+    int32_t *         opts             = (int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    int64_t           paddingsArray[2] = { opts[0], opts[1] };
+    acl_int_array_ptr paddings         = ggml_cann_create_int_array(paddingsArray, 2);
 
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ReflectionPad1d, acl_src, paddings, acl_dst);
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < src0->ne[3]; i++) {
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_src =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) src0->data + i * src0->ne[3], ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
+                                    ggml_element_size(src0), src0->ne, src0->nb, 3);
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) dst->data + i * src0->ne[3], ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                                    ggml_element_size(dst), dst->ne, dst->nb, 3);
 
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, ReflectionPad1d, acl_src.get(), paddings.get(), acl_dst.get());
     }
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, paddings);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_count_equal(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
+void ggml_cann_count_equal(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_self = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_other = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_self  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_other = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceEqTensor, acl_self, acl_other);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceEqTensor, acl_self.get(), acl_other.get());
 
     ggml_cann_sum(ctx, dst);
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_self, acl_other);
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_step(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
+void ggml_cann_step(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    float alphaValue = 0.0f;
-    aclScalar* alpha = nullptr;
-    alpha = aclCreateScalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    float          alphaValue = 0.0f;
+    acl_scalar_ptr alpha      = nullptr;
+    alpha                     = ggml_cann_create_scalar(&alphaValue, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GtScalar, acl_src, alpha, acl_dst);
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, alpha);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GtScalar, acl_src.get(), alpha.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2610,245 +3235,277 @@ void ggml_cann_step(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
  * @note This function assumes floating-point data types and is designed for
  * MoE architectures, possibly involving sparse expert routing.
  */
-static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     //dst   [M, K, N, 1]
-    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  //src0	[D, M, A, 1]
-    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  //src1	[D, B, N, 1], B = K or B = 1
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  //src0	[D, M, A, 1]  -> [D, M, K, 1]
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  //src1	[D, B, N, 1], B = K or B = 1 -> [D, 1, K, 1]
     ggml_tensor * ids  = dst->src[2];  //ids	[K, N]
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[3] == 1);
 
-    // copy index from npu to cpu
-    int64_t n_as = ne02; // A
-    int64_t n_ids = ids->ne[0]; // K
+    int64_t batch = src1->ne[2];
+    GGML_ASSERT(batch == ids->ne[1]);
 
-    std::vector<char> ids_host(ggml_nbytes(ids));
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, ids_host.data(), ids->data, ggml_nbytes(ids),
-        ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST);
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(ctx.stream()));
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc export_allocator(ctx.pool(), src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * ids->ne[0] * ggml_element_size(src0));
+    void *               export_ptr = export_allocator.get();
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < batch; i++) {
+        acl_tensor_ptr select_index  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ids, ids->ne, ids->nb, 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND, i * ids->nb[1]);
+        acl_tensor_ptr export_weight = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0->ne, src0->nb, 3);
 
-    char * src0_original = (char *) src0->data;
-    char * src1_original = (char *) src1->data;
-    char * dst_original  = (char *)  dst->data;
-    size_t ori_src0_nb[4] = {nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03};
-
-    // src0 is F16, src1 is F32, dst is F32
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc src0_cast_allocator;
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        src0_cast_allocator.alloc(ctx.pool(), sizeof(float) * ggml_nelements(src0));
-        void* src0_cast_buf = src0_cast_allocator.get();
-
-        size_t cast_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        cast_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-        for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-            cast_nb[i] = cast_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
+        int64_t select_export_ne[] = { src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], ids->ne[0] };
+        size_t  select_export_nb[3];
+        select_export_nb[0] = src0->nb[0];
+        for (int k = 1; k < 3; k++) {
+            select_export_nb[k] = select_export_nb[k - 1] * select_export_ne[k - 1];
         }
 
-        aclTensor* acl_src0_f16 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-        aclTensor* acl_cast = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0_cast_buf,
-            ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), src0->ne, cast_nb, 4);
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cast, acl_src0_f16, ACL_FLOAT, acl_cast);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_cast, acl_src0_f16);
-
-        src0_original = (char *) src0_cast_buf;
-        memcpy(ori_src0_nb, cast_nb, sizeof(ori_src0_nb));
-    }
-
-    std::vector<aclTensor*> src0_tensor_vec;
-    std::vector<aclTensor*> src1_tensor_vec;
-    std::vector<aclTensor*> dst_tensor_vec;
-    for (int64_t iid1 = 0; iid1 < ids->ne[1]; iid1++) {
-        for (int64_t id = 0; id < n_ids; id++) {
-            // src0_row [M, D] -> weight && permute
-            int64_t src0_ne[2] = {ne01, ne00};
-            size_t src0_nb[2] = {ori_src0_nb[1], ori_src0_nb[0]};
-            // src1_row [D, 1] -> input
-            int64_t src1_ne[2] = {ne10, 1};
-            size_t src1_nb[2] = {nb10, nb11};
-            // dst_row [M, 1] -> out
-            int64_t dst_ne[2] = {ne0, 1};
-            size_t dst_nb[2] = {nb0, nb1};
-
-            // expert index
-            int32_t i02 = *(int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + iid1*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
-            GGML_ASSERT(i02 >= 0 && i02 < n_as);
-
-            // If B = 1 (broadcast), always use 0; otherwise, use id.
-            int64_t i11 = (ne11 == 1 ? 0 : id);
-            int64_t i12 = iid1;
-
-            int64_t i1 = id;
-            int64_t i2 = i12;
-
-            void* src0_tmp_ptr = src0_original + i02*ori_src0_nb[2];
-            void* src1_tmp_ptr = src1_original + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
-            void* dst_tmp_ptr  = dst_original  + i1*nb1   + i2*nb2;
-
-            aclTensor* acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0_tmp_ptr,
-                ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
-                src0_ne, src0_nb, 2);
-            aclTensor* acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1_tmp_ptr,
-                ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
-                src1_ne, src1_nb, 2);
-            aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst_tmp_ptr,
-                ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
-                dst_ne, dst_nb, 2);
-
-            src0_tensor_vec.push_back(acl_src0);
-            src1_tensor_vec.push_back(acl_src1);
-            dst_tensor_vec.push_back(acl_dst);
-        }
-    }
+        acl_tensor_ptr select_export =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(export_ptr, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_element_size(src0),
+                                    select_export_ne, select_export_nb, 3);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, IndexSelect, export_weight.get(), 0, select_index.get(), select_export.get());
 
-    size_t GROUP_SIZE = 128;
-    // GroupedMatmulV2 required tensor_list.size < 128
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < src0_tensor_vec.size(); i += GROUP_SIZE) {
-        // split and call GroupedMatmulV2
-        size_t end = std::min(i + GROUP_SIZE, src0_tensor_vec.size());
-        std::vector<aclTensor*> src0_tensor_vec_split(src0_tensor_vec.begin() + i, src0_tensor_vec.begin() + end);
-        std::vector<aclTensor*> src1_tensor_vec_split(src1_tensor_vec.begin() + i, src1_tensor_vec.begin() + end);
-        std::vector<aclTensor*> dst_tensor_vec_split(dst_tensor_vec.begin() + i, dst_tensor_vec.begin() + end);
+        int64_t        select_transpose_ne[] = { select_export_ne[1], select_export_ne[0], select_export_ne[2] };
+        size_t         select_transpose_nb[] = { select_export_nb[1], select_export_nb[0], select_export_nb[2] };
+        acl_tensor_ptr select_export_transpose =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(export_ptr, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_element_size(src0),
+                                    select_transpose_ne, select_transpose_nb, 3);
 
-        aclTensorList* src0_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(src0_tensor_vec_split.data(), src0_tensor_vec_split.size());
-        aclTensorList* src1_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(src1_tensor_vec_split.data(), src1_tensor_vec_split.size());
-        aclTensorList* dst_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(dst_tensor_vec_split.data(), dst_tensor_vec_split.size());
+        int64_t        active_tensor_ne[] = { src1->ne[0], 1, src1->ne[1] };
+        size_t         active_tensor_nb[] = { src1->nb[0], src1->nb[1], src1->nb[1] };
+        acl_tensor_ptr active_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, active_tensor_ne, active_tensor_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND, i * src1->nb[2]);
 
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GroupedMatmulV2, src1_tensor_list, src0_tensor_list,
-            nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 0, -1, dst_tensor_list);
+        int64_t        dst_ne[] = { dst->ne[0], 1, dst->ne[1] };
+        size_t         dst_nb[] = { dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[1] };
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst  = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst_ne, dst_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND, i * dst->nb[2]);
 
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, src0_tensor_list, src1_tensor_list, dst_tensor_list);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, BatchMatMul, active_tensor.get(), select_export_transpose.get(), acl_dst.get(), 2);
     }
-    return;
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief Performs expert-specific matrix multiplication (MoE) with
- * quantized precision using the CANN backend.
+ * @brief Performs quantized matrix multiplication for Mixture of Experts (MoE)
+ * models using the CANN backend.
  *
- * This function executes a matrix multiplication operation tailored for
- * Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, where the input tensor is multiplied
- * with expert-specific quantized weight matrices. It leverages the CANN
- * backend to perform efficient low-precision computations and stores the
- * quantized result in the destination tensor `dst`.
+ * This function implements MUL_MAT_ID operation for quantized weight matrices
+ * (Q4_0 and Q8_0 formats). It selects expert-specific weight matrices based on
+ * the provided expert indices, and computes matrix multiplication using CANN's
+ * WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2 operator.
  *
- * Quantization techniques reduce memory footprint and improve performance
- * by using lower-bit representations (e.g., int8) instead of floating-point.
- * This function is designed to work with such formats and may incorporate
- * optimizations like identity-based fast paths or routing masks for sparse
- * expert selection.
+ * The function performs the following steps:
+ * 1. Converts input/output tensors to F16 format if necessary
+ * 2. Uses IndexSelect to extract expert-specific weights and scales based on indices
+ * 3. Performs quantized matrix multiplication for each expert using WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2
+ * 4. Converts output back to the target type if needed
  *
- * @param ctx The context for executing CANN backend operations.
- * @param dst The destination tensor where the quantized MoE multiplication result
- * will be stored.
+ * Tensor shapes:
+ * - dst:  [M, K, N, 1] - output tensor
+ * - src0: [D, M, A, 1] - quantized weight matrices (Q4_0 or Q8_0)
+ * - src1: [D, B, N, 1] - input activations (B = K for per-expert input, or B = 1 for broadcast)
+ * - ids:  [K, N] - expert indices for routing
+ *
+ * @param ctx The CANN backend context for operation execution.
+ * @param dst The destination tensor where the multiplication result will be stored.
  *
- * @note This function assumes quantized data types and is designed for
- * MoE architectures with potential sparse expert routing.
+ * @note Only Q4_0 and Q8_0 quantization formats are supported.
+ * @note The function handles automatic type conversion to/from F16 as needed by the hardware.
  */
-static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id_quant(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    // TODO: Use aclnnGroupedMatMul
-    //dst   [M, K, N, 1]
-    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  //src0	[D, M, A, 1]
-    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  //src1	[D, B, N, 1], B = K or B = 1
-    ggml_tensor * ids  = dst->src[2];  //ids	[K, N]
+static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id_quant(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    // dst:  [M, K, N, 1]
+    // src0: [D, M, A, 1] - quantized weights
+    // src1: [D, B, N, 1] - input activations, B = K or B = 1
+    // ids:  [K, N] - expert indices
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * ids  = dst->src[2];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[2] == ids->ne[1]);
+
+    const int64_t        n_batches        = ids->ne[1];
+    const int64_t        n_select_experts = ids->ne[0];
+    const enum ggml_type type             = src0->type;
+
+    const int32_t group_size = QK8_0;  // Both Q4_0 and Q8_0 use group size of 32
+    GGML_ASSERT(group_size == QK4_0);
+
+    // Calculate element size for quantized weights
+    const float weight_elem_size =
+        (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) ? 0.5f :
+        (type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) ? 1.0f :
+                                   (GGML_ABORT("MUL_MAT_ID only supports Q4_0 and Q8_0"), 0.0f);
+
+    // Calculate scale offset in memory
+    const size_t weight_size     = src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[2] * weight_elem_size;
+    const size_t scale_elem_size = sizeof(uint16_t);
+    char *       scale_data      = (char *) src0->data + weight_size;
+
+    // Allocate buffers for selected expert weights and scales
+    const size_t         selected_weight_size = src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * n_select_experts * weight_elem_size;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc selected_weight_alloc(ctx.pool(), selected_weight_size);
+    void *               selected_weight_buffer = selected_weight_alloc.get();
+
+    const size_t selected_scale_size = (src0->ne[0] / group_size) * src0->ne[1] * n_select_experts * scale_elem_size;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc selected_scale_alloc(ctx.pool(), selected_scale_size);
+    void *               selected_scale_buffer = selected_scale_alloc.get();
+
+    // Helper lambda to allocate and cast tensor to F16 if needed
+    constexpr size_t f16_elem_size      = sizeof(uint16_t);
+    auto             prepare_f16_buffer = [&](ggml_tensor * tensor, ggml_cann_pool_alloc & allocator,
+                                  bool need_cast = false) -> void * {
+        if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return tensor->data;
+        }
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+        size_t total_size = f16_elem_size;
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            total_size *= tensor->ne[i];
+        }
+        void * buffer = allocator.alloc(total_size);
 
-    // copy index from npu to cpu
-    int64_t n_as = ne02; // A
-    int64_t n_ids = ids->ne[0]; // K
+        if (need_cast == false) {
+            return buffer;
+        }
 
-    std::vector<char> ids_host(ggml_nbytes(ids));
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, ids_host.data(), ids->data, ggml_nbytes(ids),
-        ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST);
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(ctx.stream()));
+        int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        size_t  nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { f16_elem_size };
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            ne[i] = tensor->ne[i];
+            if (i > 0) {
+                nb[i] = nb[i - 1] * ne[i - 1];
+            }
+        }
 
-    char * src0_original = (char *) src0->data;
-    char * src1_original = (char *) src1->data;
-    char * dst_original  = (char *)  dst->data;
+        acl_tensor_ptr src_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor);
+        acl_tensor_ptr f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, f16_elem_size, ne, nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, src_tensor.get(), f16_tensor.get(), ACL_FLOAT16);
 
-    ggml_tensor src0_row = *src0;
-    ggml_tensor src1_row = *src1;
-    ggml_tensor dst_row = *dst;
+        return buffer;
+    };
 
-    const enum ggml_type type = dst->src[0]->type;
-    float weight_elem_size;
-    if (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-        weight_elem_size = float(sizeof(uint8_t)) / 2;
-    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
-        weight_elem_size = float(sizeof(uint8_t));
-    } else {
-        GGML_ABORT("MUL_MAT_ID only support quant type Q4_0 and Q8_0 ");
-    }
+    // Prepare input and output buffers
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc input_alloc(ctx.pool());
+    void *               input_buffer = prepare_f16_buffer(src1, input_alloc, true);
 
-    // src0_row [D, M, 1, 1] weight without permute
-    src0_row.ne[2] = 1;
-    src0_row.ne[3] = 1;
-    src0_row.nb[0] = weight_elem_size;
-    src0_row.nb[1] = weight_elem_size * ne00;
-    src0_row.nb[2] = weight_elem_size * ne00;
-    src0_row.nb[3] = weight_elem_size * ne00;
-    size_t weight_stride = ne00 * ne01 * weight_elem_size;
-    size_t weight_size = weight_stride * ne02 * ne03;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc output_alloc(ctx.pool());
+    void *               output_buffer = prepare_f16_buffer(dst, output_alloc, false);
 
-    // scale [D, M, 1, 1] -> scale && permute
-    size_t scale_elem_size = sizeof(uint16_t);
-    size_t scale_stride = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[0] / QK8_0 * scale_elem_size;
-
-    // src1_row [D, 1, 1, 1] -> input
-    src1_row.ne[1] = 1;
-    src1_row.ne[2] = 1;
-    src1_row.ne[3] = 1;
-    src1_row.nb[2] = nb11;
-    src1_row.nb[3] = nb11;
-
-    // dst_row [M, 1, 1, 1] -> out
-    dst_row.ne[1] = 1;
-    dst_row.ne[2] = 1;
-    dst_row.ne[3] = 1;
-    dst_row.nb[2] = nb1;
-    dst_row.nb[3] = nb1;
-
-    //create weight for one row
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc weight_allocator(ctx.pool());
-    void* weight_buffer = weight_allocator.alloc(nb02);
-    for (int64_t iid1 = 0; iid1 < ids->ne[1]; iid1++) {
-        for (int64_t id = 0; id < n_ids; id++) {
-            // expert index
-            int32_t i02 = *(int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + iid1*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
-            GGML_ASSERT(i02 >= 0 && i02 < n_as);
-
-            // If B = 1 (broadcast), always use 0; otherwise, use id.
-            int64_t i11 = (ne11 == 1 ? 0 : id);
-            int64_t i12 = iid1;
-
-            int64_t i1 = id;
-            int64_t i2 = i12;
-
-            void* src0_tmp_ptr = src0_original + i02*weight_stride;
-            void* scale_tmp_ptr = src0_original + weight_size + i02*scale_stride;
-            void* src1_tmp_ptr = src1_original + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
-            void* dst_tmp_ptr  = dst_original  + i1*nb1   + i2*nb2;
-
-            // mem cpy
-            ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, weight_buffer, src0_tmp_ptr, weight_stride,
-                ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
-            void* scale_buffer = (char*)weight_buffer + weight_stride;
-            ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, scale_buffer, scale_tmp_ptr, scale_stride,
-                ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE);
-
-            src0_row.data = weight_buffer;
-            src1_row.data = src1_tmp_ptr;
-            dst_row.data = dst_tmp_ptr;
-            dst_row.src[0] = &src0_row;
-            dst_row.src[1] = &src1_row;
-
-            ggml_cann_mul_mat(ctx, &dst_row);
+    // Process each batch
+    for (int64_t batch_idx = 0; batch_idx < n_batches; batch_idx++) {
+        // Create index tensor for current batch
+        const size_t   index_offset  = batch_idx * ids->nb[1];
+        acl_tensor_ptr batch_indices = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ids, ids->ne, ids->nb, 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND, index_offset);
+
+        // Select quantized weights using expert indices
+        // Q4_0 stores 2 values per byte, Q8_0 stores 1 value per byte
+        const int64_t weight_d         = (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) ? src0->ne[0] / 2 : src0->ne[0];
+        const int64_t weight_m         = src0->ne[1];
+        const int64_t weight_n_experts = src0->ne[2];
+
+        int64_t weight_ne[3] = { weight_d, weight_m, weight_n_experts };
+        size_t  weight_nb[3] = { sizeof(int8_t), weight_d * sizeof(int8_t), weight_d * weight_m * sizeof(int8_t) };
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr all_weights =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0->data, ACL_INT8, sizeof(int8_t), weight_ne, weight_nb, 3);
+
+        int64_t selected_weight_ne[3] = { weight_d, weight_m, n_select_experts };
+        size_t  selected_weight_nb[3] = { sizeof(int8_t), weight_d * sizeof(int8_t),
+                                          weight_d * weight_m * sizeof(int8_t) };
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr selected_weights = ggml_cann_create_tensor(selected_weight_buffer, ACL_INT8, sizeof(int8_t),
+                                                                  selected_weight_ne, selected_weight_nb, 3);
+
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, IndexSelect, all_weights.get(), 0, batch_indices.get(), selected_weights.get());
+
+        // Select scales using the same expert indices
+        const int64_t scale_d     = src0->ne[0] / group_size;
+        int64_t       scale_ne[3] = { scale_d, weight_m, weight_n_experts };
+        size_t scale_nb[3] = { scale_elem_size, scale_d * scale_elem_size, scale_d * weight_m * scale_elem_size };
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr all_scales =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(scale_data, ACL_FLOAT16, scale_elem_size, scale_ne, scale_nb, 3);
+
+        int64_t selected_scale_ne[3] = { scale_d, weight_m, n_select_experts };
+        size_t  selected_scale_nb[3] = { scale_elem_size, scale_d * scale_elem_size,
+                                         scale_d * weight_m * scale_elem_size };
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr selected_scales = ggml_cann_create_tensor(selected_scale_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, scale_elem_size,
+                                                                 selected_scale_ne, selected_scale_nb, 3);
+
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, IndexSelect, all_scales.get(), 0, batch_indices.get(), selected_scales.get());
+
+        // Process each expert for current batch
+        // IndexSelect output layout: [D, M, K] in contiguous format
+        // WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2 expects: [M, D] with row-major stride
+        for (int64_t expert_idx = 0; expert_idx < n_select_experts; expert_idx++) {
+            // Determine input offset: broadcast if src1->ne[1]==1, otherwise use per-expert input
+            const size_t input_offset =
+                (batch_idx * src1->ne[1] + (src1->ne[1] == 1 ? 0 : expert_idx)) * src1->ne[0] * f16_elem_size;
+            const size_t output_offset = (batch_idx * dst->ne[1] + expert_idx) * dst->ne[0] * f16_elem_size;
+
+            // Create weight view for current expert: [D, M, K] -> [M, D]
+            int64_t      weight_view_ne[2]  = { weight_m, src0->ne[0] };
+            float        weight_view_nb[2]  = { src0->ne[0] * weight_elem_size, weight_elem_size };
+            const size_t weight_view_offset = expert_idx * selected_weight_nb[2];
+
+            acl_tensor_ptr weight_view =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(selected_weight_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(type), weight_elem_size,
+                                        weight_view_ne, weight_view_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, weight_view_offset);
+
+            // Create scale view for current expert: [D, M, K] -> [M, D]
+            int64_t      scale_view_ne[2]  = { weight_m, scale_d };
+            size_t       scale_view_nb[2]  = { selected_scale_nb[1], selected_scale_nb[0] };
+            const size_t scale_view_offset = expert_idx * selected_scale_nb[2];
+
+            acl_tensor_ptr scale_view =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(selected_scale_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, scale_elem_size, scale_view_ne,
+                                        scale_view_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, scale_view_offset);
+
+            // Create input activation tensor [D, 1]
+            int64_t input_ne[2] = { src1->ne[0], 1 };
+            size_t  input_nb[2] = { f16_elem_size, src1->ne[0] * f16_elem_size };
+
+            acl_tensor_ptr input_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(input_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, f16_elem_size, input_ne,
+                                                                  input_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, input_offset);
+
+            // Create output tensor [M, 1]
+            int64_t output_ne[2] = { dst->ne[0], 1 };
+            size_t  output_nb[2] = { f16_elem_size, dst->ne[0] * f16_elem_size };
+
+            acl_tensor_ptr output_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(output_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, f16_elem_size, output_ne,
+                                                                   output_nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, output_offset);
+
+            // Perform quantized matrix multiplication
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, WeightQuantBatchMatmulV2, input_tensor.get(), weight_view.get(),
+                                    scale_view.get(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, group_size,
+                                    output_tensor.get());
         }
     }
-    return;
+
+    // Cast output back to original type if we used a temporary F16 buffer
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        size_t  nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { f16_elem_size };
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            ne[i] = dst->ne[i];
+            if (i > 0) {
+                nb[i] = nb[i - 1] * ne[i - 1];
+            }
+        }
+
+        acl_tensor_ptr f16_output =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(output_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, f16_elem_size, ne, nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_tensor_ptr dst_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, f16_output.get(), dst_tensor.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
+    }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const enum ggml_type type = dst->src[0]->type;
     switch (type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
@@ -2865,329 +3522,500 @@ void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
-
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0]; // q, fp32
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1]; // k, fp16
-    ggml_tensor* src2 = dst->src[2]; // v, fp16
-    ggml_tensor* src3 = dst->src[3]; // mask, fp16
-
-    float maxBias = 0.0f;
-    float scaleValue = 1.0f;
+void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // q, fp32 | B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // k, fp16 | B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
+    ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];  // v, fp16 | B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
+    ggml_tensor * src3 = dst->src[3];  // mask, fp16
+
+    // B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
+    int64_t src0_bsnd_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src0_bsnd_ne, src0->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(int64_t));
+    size_t src0_bsnd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src0_bsnd_nb, src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(size_t));
+    int64_t src1_bsnd_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src1_bsnd_ne, src1->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(int64_t));
+    size_t src1_bsnd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src1_bsnd_nb, src1->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(size_t));
+    int64_t src2_bsnd_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src2_bsnd_ne, src2->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(int64_t));
+    size_t src2_bsnd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src2_bsnd_nb, src2->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(size_t));
+
+    auto transpose12 = [](int64_t * ne, size_t * nb) {
+        int64_t ne_tmp = ne[1];
+        size_t  nb_tmp = nb[1];
+        ne[1]          = ne[2];
+        nb[1]          = nb[2];
+        ne[2]          = ne_tmp;
+        nb[2]          = nb_tmp;
+    };
+
+    transpose12(src0_bsnd_ne, src0_bsnd_nb);
+    transpose12(src1_bsnd_ne, src1_bsnd_nb);
+    transpose12(src2_bsnd_ne, src2_bsnd_nb);
+
+    float maxBias      = 0.0f;
+    float scaleValue   = 1.0f;
     float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
-    memcpy(&scaleValue,    (float*)dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&maxBias,       (float*)dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&logitSoftcap,  (float*)dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&scaleValue, (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&maxBias, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&logitSoftcap, (float *) dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
 
-    if(logitSoftcap == 0.0f){
+    if (logitSoftcap == 0.0f) {
         size_t faElemSize = sizeof(uint16_t);
-        auto   faDataType = ACL_FLOAT16; //ACL_BF16;
+        auto   faDataType = ACL_FLOAT16;  //ACL_BF16;
 
-        aclTensor* acl_src0_f16_tensor = nullptr;
-        aclTensor* acl_src1_f16_tensor = nullptr;
-        aclTensor* acl_src2_f16_tensor = nullptr;
-        aclTensor* acl_dst_f16_tensor  = nullptr;
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_q_tensor = nullptr;
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_k_tensor = nullptr;
+        acl_tensor_ptr acl_v_tensor = nullptr;
 
         // Step 1: cast the src0 (Query) to fp16 if needed
         ggml_cann_pool_alloc src0_f16_allocator(ctx.pool());
-        void* src0_f16_buffer = nullptr;
+        void *               src0_f16_buffer = nullptr;
 
-        if(ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type) != faDataType){
-            aclTensor* acl_src0_f32_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-            src0_f16_buffer = src0_f16_allocator.alloc(
-                                    ggml_nelements(src0) * faElemSize);
+        if (ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type) != faDataType) {
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_src0_f32_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0_bsnd_ne, src0_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            src0_f16_buffer = src0_f16_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(src0) * faElemSize);
 
-            int64_t* src0_f16_ne = src0->ne;
-            size_t   src0_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+            int64_t * src0_f16_ne = src0_bsnd_ne;
+            size_t    src0_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
             src0_f16_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
-            for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
                 src0_f16_nb[i] = src0_f16_nb[i - 1] * src0_f16_ne[i - 1];
             }
 
-            acl_src0_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                src0_f16_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                src0_f16_ne, src0_f16_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS
-            );
-            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src0_f32_tensor, acl_src0_f16_tensor, faDataType);
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0_f32_tensor);
-        }else{
-            acl_src0_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+            acl_q_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0_f16_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize, src0_f16_ne, src0_f16_nb,
+                                                   GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src0_f32_tensor.get(), acl_q_tensor.get(), faDataType);
+        } else {
+            acl_q_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0_bsnd_ne, src0_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
         }
 
         // Step 2: create the acl tensors for src1 (Key), src2 (Value),
         //         and the direct output from FusedInferAttention
 
-        acl_src1_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-        acl_src2_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src2);
-
-        ggml_cann_pool_alloc out_f16_allocator(ctx.pool());
-        void* out_f16_buffer = out_f16_allocator.alloc(
-                                    ggml_nelements(dst) * faElemSize);
-
-        int64_t* out_f16_ne = src0->ne;
-        size_t out_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        out_f16_nb[0] = faElemSize;
-        for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
-            out_f16_nb[i] = out_f16_nb[i - 1] * out_f16_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        acl_dst_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-            out_f16_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-            out_f16_ne, out_f16_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS
-        );
+        acl_k_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, src1_bsnd_ne, src1_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_v_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src2, src2_bsnd_ne, src2_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
         // Step 3: create the PSEShift tensor if needed
         //         this tensor is considered as mask (f16) in the llama.cpp
-
-        aclTensor* bcast_pse_tensor = nullptr;
-        int64_t bcast_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        size_t bcast_pse_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+        acl_tensor_ptr       bcast_pse_tensor;
         ggml_cann_pool_alloc bcast_pse_allocator(ctx.pool());
-        void* bcast_pse_buffer = nullptr;
-
-        if(src3 != nullptr){
-            bcast_pse_buffer = bcast_pse_allocator.alloc(
-                            ggml_nelements(src3) * src0->ne[2] * sizeof(uint16_t));
-
-            if(src0->ne[1] > 1){
-                // Case 1: broadcast pse for prefill stage with multiple head
-                aclTensor* acl_mask_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src3);
-                bcast_pse_ne[0] = src3->ne[0];
-                bcast_pse_ne[1] = src3->ne[1];
-                bcast_pse_ne[2] = src0->ne[2];
-                bcast_pse_ne[3] = src3->ne[3];
-
+        if (src3 != nullptr) {
+            // Construct the truncated pse tensor (common for prefill/decode)
+            int64_t trunc_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = {
+                src3->ne[0],  // D
+                src0->ne[1],  // S (number of Q tokens)
+                src3->ne[2],  // mask N
+                src3->ne[3]   // B
+            };
+            size_t * trunc_pse_nb = src3->nb;
+
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                src3->data, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t), trunc_pse_ne, trunc_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+            int64_t bcast_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+            size_t  bcast_pse_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+            bcast_pse_ne[0] = src3->ne[0];  // D
+            bcast_pse_ne[1] = src0->ne[1];  // S
+            bcast_pse_ne[2] = src0->ne[2];  // N (num_heads)
+            bcast_pse_ne[3] = src3->ne[3];  // B
+            if (maxBias == 0.0f) {
+                // When maxBias == 0.0f, use nb = 0 reduce once repeat (Qwen2)
+                // Construct the bcast tensor (simulate repeat on the head dimension using stride=0)
                 bcast_pse_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
-                for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
-                    bcast_pse_nb[i] = bcast_pse_nb[i - 1] * bcast_pse_ne[i - 1];
-                }
+                bcast_pse_nb[1] = bcast_pse_nb[0] * bcast_pse_ne[0];
+                bcast_pse_nb[2] = 0;  // <---- the head dimension shares the same data
+                bcast_pse_nb[3] = src3->nb[3];
 
-                bcast_pse_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    bcast_pse_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
-                    bcast_pse_ne, bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-                int64_t repeats[] = {1, src0->ne[2], 1, 1};
-                aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_mask_f16_tensor, bcast_pse_tensor, repeats);
-
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_mask_f16_tensor);
-            }else{
-                // Case 2: trunc the first row and broadcast pse for decode stage with multiple head
-                int64_t trunc_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = {src3->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src3->ne[2], src3->ne[3]};
-                size_t* trunc_pse_nb = src3->nb;
-
-                aclTensor* acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    src3->data, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
-                    trunc_pse_ne, trunc_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-                bcast_pse_ne[0] = src3->ne[0];
-                bcast_pse_ne[1] = src0->ne[1];
-                bcast_pse_ne[2] = src0->ne[2];
-                bcast_pse_ne[3] = src3->ne[3];
+                bcast_pse_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src3->data, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t), bcast_pse_ne,
+                                                           bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
+            } else {
                 bcast_pse_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
-                for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
+                for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                     bcast_pse_nb[i] = bcast_pse_nb[i - 1] * bcast_pse_ne[i - 1];
                 }
 
-                bcast_pse_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    bcast_pse_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
-                    bcast_pse_ne, bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+                void * bcast_pse_buffer =
+                    bcast_pse_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(src3) * src0->ne[2] * sizeof(uint16_t));
 
-                int64_t repeats[] = {1, src0->ne[2], 1, 1};
-                aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor, bcast_pse_tensor, repeats);
+                bcast_pse_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(bcast_pse_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
+                                                           bcast_pse_ne, bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor);
-            }
+                int64_t repeats[] = { 1, src0->ne[2], 1, 1 };
+                aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor.get(), bcast_pse_tensor.get(), repeats);
 
-            // Compute the slope if needed. Derived from ggml_cann_softmax().
-            if(maxBias != 0.0f){
                 // alibi
-                const int64_t ne2_ne3 = src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
-                const int64_t n_head = src0->ne[2];
-                const int n_heads_log2_floor = 1u << (uint32_t)floor(log2(n_head));
-                float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(maxBias) / n_heads_log2_floor);
-                float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(maxBias / 2.0f) / n_heads_log2_floor);
-                // init arange
-                ggml_cann_pool_alloc arange_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                                    ne2_ne3 * faElemSize);
-                void* tmp_arange_buffer = arange_allocator.get();
-
-                // arange1: [1, ..., n_heads_log2_floor+1)
-                float start = 1;
-                float stop = n_heads_log2_floor + 1;
-                float step = 1;
-                int64_t n_elements_arange = n_heads_log2_floor;
-
-                int64_t tmp_arange1_ne[] = {n_heads_log2_floor};
-                size_t tmp_arange1_nb[] = {faElemSize};
-                aclTensor* tmp_arange1_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    tmp_arange_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                    tmp_arange1_ne, tmp_arange1_nb,
-                    GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-
-                aclnn_arange(ctx, tmp_arange1_tensor, start, stop, step, n_elements_arange);
-
-                aclTensor* tmp_arange2_tensor = nullptr;
-                if (n_heads_log2_floor < ne2_ne3) {
-                    // arange2: [1, ..., 2 * (k - n_heads_log2_floor) + 1)
-                    start = 1;
-                    stop = 2 * (ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor) + 1;
-                    step = 2;
-                    n_elements_arange = ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor;
-                    int64_t tmp_arange2_ne[] = {ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor};
-                    size_t tmp_arange2_nb[] = {faElemSize};
-
-                    aclTensor* tmp_arange2_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                        (char*)tmp_arange_buffer +
-                            n_heads_log2_floor * faElemSize,
-                        faDataType, faElemSize,
-                        tmp_arange2_ne, tmp_arange2_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-                    aclnn_arange(ctx, tmp_arange2_tensor, start, stop, step,
-                                n_elements_arange);
-                }
-
-                // init mk_base
-                ggml_cann_pool_alloc mk_base_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                                    ne2_ne3 * faElemSize);
-                void* tmp_mk_base_buffer = mk_base_allocator.get();
-                int64_t tmp_mk_base1_ne[] = {n_heads_log2_floor};
-                size_t tmp_mk_base1_nb[] = {faElemSize};
-                aclTensor* tmp_mk_base1_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    tmp_mk_base_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                    tmp_mk_base1_ne, tmp_mk_base1_nb,
-                    GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-
-                aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, m0, tmp_mk_base1_tensor);
-
-                aclTensor* tmp_mk_base2_tensor = nullptr;
-                if (n_heads_log2_floor < ne2_ne3) {
-                    int64_t tmp_mk_base2_ne[] = {ne2_ne3 - n_heads_log2_floor};
-                    size_t tmp_mk_base2_nb[] = {faElemSize};
-                    aclTensor* tmp_mk_base2_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                        (char*)tmp_mk_base_buffer +
-                            n_heads_log2_floor * faElemSize,
-                        faDataType, faElemSize,
-                        tmp_mk_base2_ne, tmp_mk_base2_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-                    aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, m1, tmp_mk_base2_tensor);
-                }
-
-                // init mk
-                int64_t tmp_mk_base_ne[] = {ne2_ne3};
-                size_t tmp_mk_base_nb[] = {faElemSize};
-                aclTensor* tmp_mk_base_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    tmp_mk_base_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                    tmp_mk_base_ne, tmp_mk_base_nb,
-                    GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-                aclTensor* tmp_arange_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    tmp_arange_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                    tmp_mk_base_ne, tmp_mk_base_nb,
-                    GGML_MAX_DIMS - 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-                aclnn_pow_tensor_tensor(ctx, tmp_mk_base_tensor, tmp_arange_tensor);
-
-                // reshape mk
-                int64_t tmp_mk_ne[] = {1, 1, src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3]};
-                size_t tmp_mk_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-                tmp_mk_nb[0] = faElemSize;
+                // Compute the slope if needed. Derived from ggml_cann_softmax().
+                const int64_t        n_heads = src0->ne[2];
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc slope_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_heads * sizeof(uint16_t));
+                void *               slope_buffer = slope_allocator.get();
+                aclnn_get_slope(ctx, n_heads, slope_buffer, maxBias, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+
+                int64_t slope_ne[] = { 1, 1, n_heads, 1 };
+                size_t  slope_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+                slope_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
                 for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                    tmp_mk_nb[i] = tmp_mk_nb[i - 1] * tmp_mk_ne[i - 1];
+                    slope_nb[i] = slope_nb[i - 1] * slope_ne[0];
                 }
-                aclTensor* tmp_mk_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    tmp_mk_base_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                    tmp_mk_ne, tmp_mk_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS,
-                    ACL_FORMAT_ND);
-                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMul, bcast_pse_tensor, tmp_mk_tensor);
-
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, tmp_arange1_tensor, tmp_arange2_tensor,
-                    tmp_mk_base1_tensor, tmp_mk_base2_tensor, tmp_mk_base_tensor,
-                    tmp_arange_tensor, tmp_mk_tensor);
+
+                acl_tensor_ptr slope_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(slope_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
+                                                                      slope_ne, slope_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMul, bcast_pse_tensor.get(), slope_tensor.get());
             }
         }
 
         // Step 4: set the inputs for FusedInferAttention.
-        int kvTensorNum = 1;
-        aclTensor* acl_q_tensor = acl_src0_f16_tensor;
-        aclTensor* acl_k_tensors[] = {acl_src1_f16_tensor};
-        aclTensor* acl_v_tensors[] = {acl_src2_f16_tensor};
-        auto acl_k_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(acl_k_tensors, kvTensorNum);
-        auto acl_v_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(acl_v_tensors, kvTensorNum);
-
-        int64_t numHeads = src0->ne[2]; // N
-        int64_t numKeyValueHeads = src1->ne[2];
+        acl_tensor_list_ptr acl_k_tensor_list = ggml_cann_create_tensor_list(acl_k_tensor);
+        acl_tensor_list_ptr acl_v_tensor_list = ggml_cann_create_tensor_list(acl_v_tensor);
+
+        int64_t numHeads           = src0->ne[2];  // N
+        int64_t numKeyValueHeads   = src1->ne[2];
         // double  scaleValue = 1 / sqrt(src0->ne[0]); // 1/sqrt(d)
-        int64_t preTokens = 65535;
-        int64_t nextTokens = 65535;
-        char layout[5] = {'B', 'N', 'S', 'D', 0};
-        int64_t sparseMode = 0;
-        int64_t innerPrecise = (src0->ne[1] == 1) ? 0 : 2;
-        int64_t blockSize = 0;
-        int64_t antiquantMode = 0;
-        bool softmaxLseFlag = false;
-        int64_t keyAntiquantMode = 0;
+        int64_t preTokens          = 65535;
+        int64_t nextTokens         = 65535;
+        char    layout[5]          = { 'B', 'S', 'N', 'D', 0 };
+        int64_t sparseMode         = 0;
+        int64_t innerPrecise       = (src0->ne[1] == 1) ? 0 : 2;
+        int64_t blockSize          = 0;
+        int64_t antiquantMode      = 0;
+        bool    softmaxLseFlag     = false;
+        int64_t keyAntiquantMode   = 0;
         int64_t valueAntiquantMode = 0;
 
-        // Step 5: launch the FusedInferAttentionScoreV2 kernel.
-        // Refer to https://gitee.com/ascend/cann-ops-adv/blob/master/docs/FusedInferAttentionScoreV2.md
-
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, FusedInferAttentionScoreV2,
-            acl_q_tensor, acl_k_tensor_list, acl_v_tensor_list, // q, k, v
-            bcast_pse_tensor, nullptr, // pse, mask
-            nullptr, nullptr, // actSeqLen, actSeqLenkv
-            nullptr, nullptr, // deqScale1, quantScale1
-            nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, // deqScale2, quantScale2, quantOffset2
-            nullptr, nullptr, // antiquantScale, antiquantOffset
-            nullptr, // blockTable
-            nullptr, nullptr, // qPadSize, kvPadSize
-            nullptr, nullptr, // kAntiquantScale, kAntiQuantOffset
-            nullptr, nullptr, // vAntiquantScale, vAntiQuantOffset
-            nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, // kSharedPrefix, vSharedPrefix, actSharedLen
-            numHeads, scaleValue, // heads, scaleValue
-            preTokens, nextTokens, // preTokens, nextTokens
-            layout, // inputLayout
-            numKeyValueHeads, // numKVHeads
-            sparseMode, innerPrecise, // sparseMode, innerPrecise
-            blockSize, antiquantMode, // blockSize, antiquantMode
-            softmaxLseFlag, // softmaxLseFlag
-            keyAntiquantMode, valueAntiquantMode, // keyAntiqMode, valueAntiqMode
-            acl_dst_f16_tensor, // attentionOut
-            nullptr // softmaxLse
-        );
+        GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        acl_tensor_ptr       fa_dst_tensor;
+        acl_tensor_ptr       acl_dst_tensor;
+        ggml_cann_pool_alloc out_f16_allocator(ctx.pool());
+        if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            void * out_f16_buffer = out_f16_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(dst) * faElemSize);
+
+            int64_t * out_f16_ne = src0_bsnd_ne;
+            size_t    out_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+            out_f16_nb[0] = faElemSize;
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+                out_f16_nb[i] = out_f16_nb[i - 1] * out_f16_ne[i - 1];
+            }
 
-        // Step 6: post-processing, permute and cast to f32
+            fa_dst_tensor =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(out_f16_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize, out_f16_ne, out_f16_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        } else {
+            fa_dst_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+        }
 
-        int64_t new_dim[] = {0, 2, 1, 3};
-        aclTensor* acl_dst_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, FusedInferAttentionScoreV2, acl_q_tensor.get(), acl_k_tensor_list.get(),
+                                acl_v_tensor_list.get(),               // q, k, v
+                                bcast_pse_tensor.get(), nullptr,       // pse, mask
+                                nullptr, nullptr,                      // actSeqLen, actSeqLenkv
+                                nullptr, nullptr,                      // deqScale1, quantScale1
+                                nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,             // deqScale2, quantScale2, quantOffset2
+                                nullptr, nullptr,                      // antiquantScale, antiquantOffset
+                                nullptr,                               // blockTable
+                                nullptr, nullptr,                      // qPadSize, kvPadSize
+                                nullptr, nullptr,                      // kAntiquantScale, kAntiQuantOffset
+                                nullptr, nullptr,                      // vAntiquantScale, vAntiQuantOffset
+                                nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,             // kSharedPrefix, vSharedPrefix, actSharedLen
+                                numHeads, scaleValue,                  // heads, scaleValue
+                                preTokens, nextTokens,                 // preTokens, nextTokens
+                                layout,                                // inputLayout
+                                numKeyValueHeads,                      // numKVHeads
+                                sparseMode, innerPrecise,              // sparseMode, innerPrecise
+                                blockSize, antiquantMode,              // blockSize, antiquantMode
+                                softmaxLseFlag,                        // softmaxLseFlag
+                                keyAntiquantMode, valueAntiquantMode,  // keyAntiqMode, valueAntiqMode
+                                fa_dst_tensor.get(),                   // attentionOut
+                                nullptr                                // softmaxLse
+        );
 
-        if(ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type) != faDataType){
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc perm_out_f16_allocator(ctx.pool());
-            perm_out_f16_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(dst) * faElemSize);
-            void* perm_out_f16_buffer = perm_out_f16_allocator.get();
+        if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            // Step 6: post-processing, permute and cast to f32
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+            aclnn_cast(ctx, fa_dst_tensor.get(), acl_dst_tensor.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ABORT("Function is not implemented.");
+    }
+}
 
-            int64_t* perm_out_f16_ne = dst->ne;
-            size_t  perm_out_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-            perm_out_f16_nb[0] = faElemSize;
-            for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
-                perm_out_f16_nb[i] = perm_out_f16_nb[i - 1] * perm_out_f16_ne[i - 1];
+static void ggml_cann_out_prod_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // weight
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // input
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceZero, acl_dst.get());
+
+    const int64_t dps2 = ne2 / ne02;
+    const int64_t dps3 = ne3 / ne03;
+    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
+        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) {
+            const int64_t i02 = i2 / dps2;
+            const int64_t i03 = i3 / dps3;
+
+            const int64_t  i12 = i2;
+            const int64_t  i13 = i3;
+            acl_tensor_ptr accumulator =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor((char *) dst->data + i2 * nb2 + i3 * nb3, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                                        ggml_type_size(dst->type), dst->ne, dst->nb, 2);
+
+            // The outer product needs to be accumulated in this dimension.
+            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne11; i1++) {
+                acl_tensor_ptr acl_input = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                    (char *) src1->data + i1 * nb11 + i12 * nb12 + i13 * nb13, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
+                    ggml_type_size(src0->type), src1->ne, src1->nb, 1);
+
+                acl_tensor_ptr acl_weight = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                    (char *) src0->data + i1 * nb01 + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type),
+                    ggml_type_size(src0->type), src0->ne, src0->nb, 1);
+
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc output_allocator(ctx.pool());
+                void *               output_buffer = output_allocator.alloc(ggml_nbytes(dst));
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_out = ggml_cann_create_tensor(output_buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                                                                       ggml_type_size(dst->type), dst->ne, dst->nb, 2);
+
+                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Ger, acl_input.get(), acl_weight.get(), acl_out.get());
+                float       alpha_value = 1.0f;
+                aclScalar * alpha       = aclCreateScalar(&alpha_value, ACL_FLOAT);
+                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceAdd, accumulator.get(), acl_out.get(), alpha);
             }
-            aclTensor* acl_perm_out_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                perm_out_f16_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                perm_out_f16_ne, perm_out_f16_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-            aclnn_permute(ctx, acl_dst_f16_tensor, acl_perm_out_f16_tensor, new_dim, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-            aclnn_cast(ctx,
-                acl_perm_out_f16_tensor, acl_dst_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_perm_out_f16_tensor);
-        }else{
-            // only need to permute
-            aclnn_permute(ctx, acl_dst_f16_tensor, acl_dst_tensor, new_dim, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
         }
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0_f16_tensor,
-                                         acl_src1_f16_tensor,
-                                         acl_src2_f16_tensor,
-                                         acl_dst_f16_tensor,
-                                         acl_dst_tensor);
-        if(src3 != nullptr){
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, bcast_pse_tensor);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_out_prod(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    const enum ggml_type type = src0->type;
+
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            ggml_cann_out_prod_fp(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupport type for GGML_OP_OUT_PROD");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // conv_x
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // conv1d.weight
+
+    // This op is currently defined only for F32 in ggml_cpu
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    // Shapes follow ggml_compute_forward_ssm_conv_f32
+    const int64_t nc  = src1->ne[0];   // d_conv
+    const int64_t ncs = src0->ne[0];   // d_conv - 1 + n_t
+    const int64_t nr  = src0->ne[1];   // d_inner
+    const int64_t n_s = src0->ne[2];   // n_seqs
+
+    const int64_t n_t = dst->ne[1];    // tokens per sequence
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nr);     // dst: {d_inner, n_t, n_s}
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[1] == nr);    // weight: {d_conv, d_inner}
+    GGML_ASSERT(ncs == nc - 1 + n_t);  // conv_x: {d_conv - 1 + n_t, d_inner, n_s}
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+
+    // --- Build CANN tensors ---
+
+    // 1) Input: conv_x as NCL
+    //
+    // src0->ne = { ncs, nr, n_s, 1 }  // {L_in, C, N}
+    // Passing ACL_FORMAT_NCL here means:
+    //   reversed dims -> [N, C, L_in] = [n_s, nr, ncs]
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_x = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0->ne, src0->nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+
+    // 2) Weights: depthwise conv kernel, view src1 as {K, 1, C}
+    //
+    // src1 original:   ne = { nc, nr, 1, 1 }  // [K, C, 1, 1]
+    // we want a view:  ne_w = { nc, 1, nr }   // [K, 1, C]
+    // so that reversed dims -> [C, 1, K] which matches
+    //   [out_channels, in_channels/groups, kernel_size]
+    int64_t w_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { nc, 1, nr, 1 };  // [K, 1 input ch. per group, C groups]
+    // Layout: src1 data is [K, C] with
+    //   offset(k, c) = k*nb0 + c*nb1
+    // We want offset_w(k, 0, c) = k*nb0 + c*nb1,
+    // so we can reuse nb0 and nb1, and set nb2 = nb1.
+    size_t  w_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { src1->nb[0], src1->nb[1], src1->nb[1], src1->nb[3] };  // same as src1
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_w = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type),
+                                                   ggml_type_size(src1->type), w_ne, w_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+
+    // 3) Output: dst is { d_inner, n_t, n_s } (CLN)
+    //
+    // We need an NCL view of the same buffer:
+    //   desired NCL logical shape: { L_out = n_t, C = nr, N = n_s }
+    //
+    // Original CLN layout:
+    //   dst->ne = { nr, n_t, n_s }
+    //   dst->nb[0] = sizeof(float)
+    //   dst->nb[1] = nr * sizeof(float)
+    //   dst->nb[2] = nr * n_t * sizeof(float)
+    //
+    // We want offset_new(L, C, N) = offset_orig(C, L, N).
+    // Choose:
+    //   nb_y[0] = nr * sizeof(float);           // step in L
+    //   nb_y[1] = sizeof(float);                // step in C
+    //   nb_y[2] = nr * n_t * sizeof(float);     // step in N
+    int64_t y_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { n_t, nr, n_s, 1 };  // [L_out, C, N]
+    size_t  y_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { dst->ne[0] * sizeof(float), sizeof(float), dst->ne[0] * dst->ne[1] * sizeof(float),
+                                    dst->nb[3] };       // [nr, 1, nr * n_t]
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_y = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type),
+                                                   ggml_type_size(dst->type), y_ne, y_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_NCL);
+
+    // --- Conv1d parameters: depthwise, stride 1, no padding ("valid") ---
+    int64_t strideVal[1]   = { 1 };
+    int64_t paddingVal[1]  = { 0 };
+    int64_t dilationVal[1] = { 1 };
+
+    acl_int_array_ptr stride   = ggml_cann_create_int_array(strideVal, 1);
+    acl_int_array_ptr padding  = ggml_cann_create_int_array(paddingVal, 1);
+    acl_int_array_ptr dilation = ggml_cann_create_int_array(dilationVal, 1);
+
+    const bool    transposed   = false;
+    const int64_t groups       = nr;  // depthwise: one group per inner dim
+    int8_t        cubeMathType = 0;
+
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+    cubeMathType = 1;
+#endif
+
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Convolution,
+                            acl_x.get(),    // input:  N, C, L_in = ncs
+                            acl_w.get(),    // weight: [C, 1, K] with groups=nr
+                            nullptr,        // bias
+                            stride.get(), padding.get(), dilation.get(), transposed,
+                            padding.get(),  // output padding (unused for non-transposed)
+                            groups, acl_y.get(), cubeMathType);
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_op_add_rms_norm_fused(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               add_node,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               rms_norm_node) {
+    // Get the two input tensors for ADD operation
+    ggml_tensor * x1 = add_node->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * x2 = add_node->src[1];
+
+    // Create ACL tensors for the two ADD inputs
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_x1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(x1);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_x2 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(x2);
+
+    // Get epsilon parameter from rms_norm_tensor
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, rms_norm_node->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    // Build gamma tensor (RMS normalization scaling factor)
+    // Gamma should match the normalized dimensions (last dimension of x1)
+    size_t acl_gamma_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    acl_gamma_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(rms_norm_node->type);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        acl_gamma_nb[i] = acl_gamma_nb[i - 1] * x1->ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_gamma =
+        get_cache_acl_tensor(ctx, &ctx.rms_norm_one_tensor_cache.cache, ctx.rms_norm_one_tensor_cache.size, x1->ne,
+                             acl_gamma_nb, rms_norm_node->type,
+                             1,    // dims - only the last dimension
+                             1.0f  // value
+        );
+
+    // Build rstdOut tensor (output for normalized standard deviation)
+    // Shape should be the dimensions that are NOT normalized
+    int64_t acl_rstd_ne[] = { 1, x1->ne[1], x1->ne[2], x1->ne[3] };
+    size_t  acl_rstd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1];
+    acl_rstd_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i++) {
+        acl_rstd_nb[i] = acl_rstd_nb[i - 1] * acl_rstd_ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_rstd =
+        get_cache_acl_tensor(ctx, &ctx.rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache.cache, ctx.rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache.size,
+                             acl_rstd_ne, acl_rstd_nb, GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_MAX_DIMS,
+                             0.0f  // value
+        );
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_xout = ggml_cann_create_tensor(add_node);
+
+    // Create yOut tensor (final output after RMS normalization)
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_yout = ggml_cann_create_tensor(rms_norm_node);
+
+    // Call fused ADD + RMS_NORM operator
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, AddRmsNorm, acl_x1.get(), acl_x2.get(), acl_gamma.get(),
+                            eps,  // double type
+                            acl_yout.get(), acl_rstd.get(), acl_xout.get());
+}
+
+void ggml_cann_gated_linear_attn(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * k = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * v = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * q = dst->src[2];
+    ggml_tensor * g = dst->src[3];
+    ggml_tensor * s = dst->src[4];
+
+    int64_t B = dst->src[4]->ne[1];
+    int64_t T = dst->src[0]->ne[2];
+    int64_t H = dst->src[0]->ne[1];
+    int64_t C = dst->ne[0];
+    int64_t D = C / H;
+    int64_t L = T / B;
+
+    int64_t ne_qkg[2] = { 1, D };
+    int64_t ne_s[2]   = { D, D };
+    int64_t ne_st[2]  = { ne_s[1], ne_s[0] };
+    int64_t ne_vo[2]  = { D, 1 };
+    int64_t ne_q[1]   = { D };
+    size_t  nb_base   = ggml_type_size(k->type);
+    size_t  nb_qkg[2] = { nb_base, nb_base };
+    size_t  nb_s[2]   = { nb_base, D * nb_base };
+    size_t  nb_st[2]  = { nb_s[1], nb_s[0] };
+    size_t  nb_vo[2]  = { nb_base, D * nb_base };
+    size_t  nb_q[1]   = { nb_base };
+
+    const float scale = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0);
+
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_s     = ggml_cann_create_tensor(s, s->ne, s->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND);
+    acl_tensor_ptr new_state = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, s->ne, s->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, (B * L * H * D) * nb_base);
+    cann_copy(ctx, acl_s.get(), new_state.get());
+
+    for (int64_t b = 0; b < B; b++) {
+        for (int64_t h = 0; h < H; h++) {
+            size_t         s_offset = (b * (H * D * D) + h * (D * D)) * nb_base;
+            // D * D
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_s_new =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, ne_s, nb_s, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, (B * L * H * D) * nb_base + s_offset);
+            acl_tensor_ptr acl_s_new_t =
+                ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, ne_st, nb_st, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, (B * L * H * D) * nb_base + s_offset);
+            for (int64_t l = 0; l < L; l++) {
+                size_t               qkvgo_offset = (b * (L * H * D) + l * (H * D) + h * (D)) * nb_base;
+                // D * 1
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_k = ggml_cann_create_tensor(k, ne_qkg, nb_qkg, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, qkvgo_offset);
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_g = ggml_cann_create_tensor(g, ne_qkg, nb_qkg, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, qkvgo_offset);
+                // D
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_q = ggml_cann_create_tensor(q, ne_q, nb_q, 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND, qkvgo_offset);
+                // 1 * D
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_v = ggml_cann_create_tensor(v, ne_vo, nb_vo, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, qkvgo_offset);
+                // D
+                acl_tensor_ptr       acl_o = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, ne_q, nb_q, 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND, qkvgo_offset);
+                // k ⊗ v
+                size_t               buf_size = D * D * nb_base;
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc buffer_allocator(ctx.pool(), buf_size);
+                acl_tensor_ptr       tmp_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                    buffer_allocator.get(), ggml_cann_type_mapping(k->type), nb_base, ne_s, nb_s, 2);
+                aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_k.get(), acl_v.get(), tmp_tensor.get());
+                //s_new = g ⊗ s_old + k ⊗ v
+                aclnn_mul(ctx, acl_s_new.get(), acl_g.get(), nullptr);
+                aclnn_add(ctx, acl_s_new.get(), tmp_tensor.get(), nullptr);
+                // compute output
+                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Mv, acl_s_new_t.get(), acl_q.get(), acl_o.get(), 1);
+                aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_o.get(), scale, nullptr, true);
+            }
         }
-    }else{
-        GGML_ABORT("Function is not implemented.");
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 80ce80baea0..3effa1c289c
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -23,30 +23,36 @@
 #ifndef CANN_ACLNN_OPS
 #define CANN_ACLNN_OPS
 
-#include <functional>
+#include "acl_tensor.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_abs.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_neg.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_exp.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_arange.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_argsort.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_cat.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_clamp.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_cos.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_exp.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_gelu.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_gelu_v2.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sigmoid.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_hardsigmoid.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_hardswish.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_leaky_relu.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_log.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_logsoftmax.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_neg.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_norm.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_relu.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sigmoid.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sign.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_silu.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_tanh.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sqrt.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_sin.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_cos.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_log.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sign.h>
-#include "acl_tensor.h"
-#include "common.h"
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_slice.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sqrt.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_tanh.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 /**
  * @brief   Repeats a ggml tensor along each dimension to match the dimensions
@@ -61,7 +67,7 @@
  * @param   dst The ggml tensor representing the destination, which op is
  *              GGML_OP_REPEAT and specifies the desired dimensions.
  */
-void ggml_cann_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Applies the Leaky ReLU activation function to a tensor using the CANN
@@ -81,7 +87,7 @@ void ggml_cann_repeat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result of the Leaky ReLU
  *            activation is stored, which op is `GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU`
  */
-void ggml_cann_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief    Concatenates multiple tensors along a specified dimension using the
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ void ggml_cann_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @attention tensorList length should be 2 and the dimension using for concat
  *            default to 1.
  */
-void ggml_cann_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Generates a sequence of evenly spaced values within a specified
@@ -112,7 +118,7 @@ void ggml_cann_concat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  *            `start`, 'stop' and 'step' are in dst->op_params and dst->op is
  *            `GGML_OP_ARANGE`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_arange(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_arange(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Applies a clamp operation to the elements of a ggml tensor using the
@@ -130,7 +136,7 @@ void ggml_cann_arange(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the clamped values will be stored.
  *            dst->op is `GGML_OP_CLAMP`, `min` and `max` value is in dst->params.
  */
-void ggml_cann_clamp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_clamp(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Scales the elements of a ggml tensor by a constant factor using the
@@ -147,7 +153,7 @@ void ggml_cann_clamp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the scaled values will be stored.
  *            dst->op is `GGML_OP_SCALE` and `scale` value is in dst->params.
  */
-void ggml_cann_scale(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_scale(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Sorts the elements of a ggml tensor and returns the indices that
@@ -162,7 +168,7 @@ void ggml_cann_scale(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the sorted indices will be stored.
  *            dst->op is `GGML_OP_ARGSORT`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_argsort(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_argsort(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the Layer Normalization for a ggml tensor using the CANN
@@ -184,7 +190,67 @@ void ggml_cann_argsort(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the normalized values will be stored.
  * @attention `Var` defaults to dst->ne[0].
  */
-void ggml_cann_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Computes the L2 Normalization for a ggml tensor using the CANN
+ *          backend.
+ *
+ * @details This function applies the L2 Normalization operation on the
+ *          input tensor `src` and stores the result in the destination tensor
+ *          `dst`. L2 Normalization scales the input tensor such that the
+ *          L2 norm along the specified dimension equals 1. This operation
+ *          is commonly used in neural networks for feature normalization
+ *          and vector scaling.
+ *          The operation is defined as:
+ *          \f[
+ *              \text{out} = \frac{x}{\sqrt{\sum{x^2}}}
+ *          \f]
+ *          The normalization is performed along the last dimension by default.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The CANN context used for operations.
+ * @param dst The destination tensor where the normalized values will be stored.
+ * @attention The normalization is performed along the last dimension of the
+ *            input tensor by default.
+ */
+void ggml_cann_l2_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Computes the Cross Entropy Loss for a ggml tensor using the CANN
+ *          backend.
+ *
+ * @details This function computes the cross entropy loss between the predicted
+ *          logits and target probability distributions. The operation follows
+ *          the same computation pattern as the CPU implementation:
+ *          1. Applies log_softmax to the logits along the class dimension
+ *          2. Element-wise multiplication with target distributions
+ *          3. Summation along the class dimension to get per-sample losses
+ *          4. Global summation and scaling by -1/nr to get final loss
+ *
+ *          The computation can be expressed as:
+ *          \f[
+ *              \text{loss} = -\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} \sum_{j=1}^{C} y_{ij} \cdot \log(\text{softmax}(x_{ij}))
+ *          \f]
+ *          where \f$N\f$ is the total number of samples, \f$C\f$ is the number
+ *          of classes, \f$x\f$ are the logits, and \f$y\f$ are the target
+ *          probability distributions.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The CANN context used for operations.
+ * @param dst The destination tensor where the computed loss will be stored.
+ *            This should be a scalar tensor containing the final loss value.
+ *
+ * @note This implementation computes cross entropy between probability
+ *       distributions, not the typical classification cross entropy that
+ *       expects class indices as targets. Both input tensors (src0 and src1)
+ *       should have the same shape and represent probability distributions
+ *       over the class dimension.
+ * @note The function expects two source tensors:
+ *       - dst->src[0]: Logits tensor (before softmax)
+ *       - dst->src[1]: Target probability distributions tensor
+ * @note The computation is performed using CANN backend operators including
+ *       LogSoftmax, Mul, ReduceSum, and Muls for the final scaling.
+ */
+void ggml_cann_cross_entropy_loss(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief  Computes the Group Normalization for a ggml tensor using the CANN
@@ -208,7 +274,7 @@ void ggml_cann_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  *
  * @attention eps defaults to 1e-6f.
  */
-void ggml_cann_group_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_group_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the accumulation of tensors using the CANN backend.
@@ -227,7 +293,7 @@ void ggml_cann_group_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the accumulated values will be stored.
  *            `inplace` is in dst->params, and dst->op is `GGML_OP_ACC`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_acc(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_acc(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the sum of elements along the last dimension of a ggml tensor
@@ -243,7 +309,7 @@ void ggml_cann_acc(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  *
  * @attention `reduce_dims` defaults to 3, which means the last dimension.
  */
-void ggml_cann_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the sum of elements in a ggml tensor.
@@ -257,7 +323,7 @@ void ggml_cann_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  *
  */
 
-void ggml_cann_sum(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_sum(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Upsamples a ggml tensor using nearest neighbor interpolation using
@@ -273,8 +339,7 @@ void ggml_cann_sum(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the upsampled values will be stored.
  *            dst->op is `GGML_OP_UPSCALE`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_upsample_nearest2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                  ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_upsample_nearest2d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Pads a ggml tensor to match the dimensions of the destination tensor
@@ -289,7 +354,7 @@ void ggml_cann_upsample_nearest2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
  * @param dst The destination tensor, which specifies the target dimensions for
  *            padding. dst->op is `GGML_OP_PAD`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Executes a 2D pooling operation on a ggml tensor using the CANN
@@ -306,7 +371,7 @@ void ggml_cann_pad(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor on which the pooling operation is to be
  *            performed. dst->op is `GGML_OP_POOL_2D`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Duplicates a ggml tensor using the CANN backend.
@@ -325,7 +390,7 @@ void ggml_cann_pool2d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  *            different shape and dst is no-contiguous.
  * @note:     This func need to simplify.
  */
-void ggml_cann_dup(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_dup(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the Root Mean Square (RMS) normalization of a ggml tensor
@@ -347,7 +412,7 @@ void ggml_cann_dup(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the normalized values will be stored.
  *            dst->op is `GGML_OP_RMS_NORM`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Applies a diagonal mask to the tensor with a specified value.
@@ -362,7 +427,7 @@ void ggml_cann_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  *            `GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK`
  * @param value The value to use for masking.
  */
-void ggml_cann_diag_mask(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst, float value);
+void ggml_cann_diag_mask(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, float value);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Performs an image-to-column transformation on the input tensor.
@@ -377,7 +442,7 @@ void ggml_cann_diag_mask(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst, float
  * @param dst The destination tensor that stores the result of the operation.
  *            dst->op is `GGML_OP_IM2COL`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes time step embeddings using sine and cosine functions.
@@ -391,10 +456,10 @@ void ggml_cann_im2col(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result of the embedding operation
  *            will be stored. dst->op is `GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 // @see ggml_cann_dup.
-void ggml_cann_cpy(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_cpy(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the softmax activation with optional masking.
@@ -416,21 +481,31 @@ void ggml_cann_cpy(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored. dst->op is
  *            `GGML_OP_SOFTMAX`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_softmax(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_softmax(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Extracts specific rows from a tensor based on indices.
  *
  * @details This function retrieves rows from a source tensor src0 according to
  *          the indices provided in another tensor src1 and stores the result in
- *          a destination tensor (\p dst). It supports different data types
- *          including F32, F16, Q4_0, and Q8_0.
+ *          a destination tensor (\p dst).
  *
  * @param ctx The backend CANN context for executing operations.
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the extracted rows will be stored.
- *            dst->op is `GGML_OP_GET_ROWS`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_get_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_get_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Writes specific rows into a tensor at positions specified by indices.
+ *
+ * @details This function copies rows from a source tensor into a destination
+ *          tensor (\p dst) at the positions indicated by the indices in another
+ *          tensor.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The backend CANN context for executing operations.
+ * @param dst The destination tensor where the specified rows will be updated.
+ */
+void ggml_cann_set_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Executes matrix multiplication for the given tensor.
@@ -443,7 +518,7 @@ void ggml_cann_get_rows(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor for storing the result of the matrix
  *            multiplication. dst->op is `GGML_OP_MUL_MAT`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief Applies Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) to the input tensor.
@@ -466,7 +541,7 @@ void ggml_cann_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @note The function currently does not support cases where the freq_scale is
  *       not equal 1.
  */
-void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the index of the maximum value along the specified dimension
@@ -481,7 +556,7 @@ void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the indices of the maximum values will
  *            be stored. dst->op is `GGML_OP_ARGMAX`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_argmax(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_argmax(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief Adds two tensors element-wise and stores the result in a destination
@@ -498,8 +573,10 @@ void ggml_cann_argmax(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param acl_src1 The second source tensor.
  * @param acl_dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
  */
-void aclnn_add(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src0,
-    aclTensor* acl_src1, aclTensor* acl_dst = nullptr);
+void aclnn_add(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_src0,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_src1,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_dst = nullptr);
 
 /**
  * @brief Sub two tensors element-wise and stores the result in a destination
@@ -516,8 +593,10 @@ void aclnn_add(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src0,
  * @param acl_src1 The second source tensor.
  * @param acl_dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
  */
-void aclnn_sub(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src0,
-    aclTensor* acl_src1, aclTensor* acl_dst = nullptr);
+void aclnn_sub(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_src0,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_src1,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_dst = nullptr);
 
 /**
  * @brief Performs element-wise multiplication of two tensors and stores the
@@ -535,8 +614,10 @@ void aclnn_sub(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src0,
  * @param acl_other The second tensor for element-wise multiplication.
  * @param acl_dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
  */
-void aclnn_mul(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    aclTensor* acl_other, aclTensor* acl_dst = nullptr);
+void aclnn_mul(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_other,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_dst = nullptr);
 
 /**
  * @brief Matrix division, optionally in-place.
@@ -556,8 +637,10 @@ void aclnn_mul(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
  * @param inplace Flag indicating whether to perform the operation in-place on
  * `acl_src`.
  */
-void aclnn_div(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    aclTensor* acl_other, aclTensor* acl_dst = nullptr);
+void aclnn_div(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_src,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_other,
+               aclTensor *                 acl_dst = nullptr);
 
 /**
  * @brief Applies element-wise cosine function to the elements of a tensor.
@@ -573,8 +656,7 @@ void aclnn_div(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
  * @param acl_dst The destination tensor where the cosine results will be
  * stored.
  */
-void aclnn_cos(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    aclTensor* acl_dst);
+void aclnn_cos(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief Applies element-wise sine function to the elements of a tensor.
@@ -591,8 +673,7 @@ void aclnn_cos(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
  * @param acl_src The source tensor on which the sine function will be applied.
  * @param acl_dst The destination tensor where the sine results will be stored.
  */
-void aclnn_sin(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
-    aclTensor* acl_dst);
+void aclnn_sin(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief Prepares broadcast-compatible ACL tensors for two input tensors and one
@@ -610,8 +691,12 @@ void aclnn_sin(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
  * @param acl_src1 Output pointer to the created ACL tensor corresponding to src1.
  * @param acl_dst  Output pointer to the created ACL tensor corresponding to dst.
  */
-void bcast_shape(ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst,
-    aclTensor ** acl_src0, aclTensor ** acl_src1, aclTensor ** acl_dst);
+void bcast_shape(ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                 ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                 ggml_tensor *    dst,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_src0,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_src1,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the 1D transposed convolution (deconvolution) of a ggml
@@ -626,7 +711,7 @@ void bcast_shape(ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst,
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the transposed convolution result
  * will be stored. dst->op is `GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Applies the ELU (Exponential Linear Unit) activation to a ggml tensor
@@ -651,7 +736,7 @@ void ggml_cann_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* ds
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the ELU-activated result will be stored.
  *            dst->op is expected to be `GGML_OP_ELU`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_elu(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_elu(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the mean of a ggml tensor element-wise using the CANN backend.
@@ -666,7 +751,7 @@ void ggml_cann_elu(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the mean result will be stored.
  *            dst->op is expected to be `GGML_OP_MEAN`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_mean(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_mean(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Applies 1D reflect padding to a ggml tensor using the CANN backend.
@@ -681,7 +766,7 @@ void ggml_cann_mean(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the padded result will be stored.
  *            dst->op is expected to be `GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Counts the number of equal elements in two ggml tensors using the CANN backend.
@@ -697,7 +782,7 @@ void ggml_cann_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
  *            dst->op is expected to be `GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_count_equal(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_count_equal(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Applies the Step activation function to a ggml tensor using the CANN backend.
@@ -712,7 +797,7 @@ void ggml_cann_count_equal(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
  *            dst->op is expected to be `GGML_OP_STEP`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_step(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_step(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Performs the Flash Attention extended operator using the CANN backend.
@@ -727,167 +812,22 @@ void ggml_cann_step(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
  *            dst->op is expected to be `GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT`.
  */
-void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
-
-/*
- * @brief A generic wrapper for ACL resources with custom deleter support.
- */
-using any_acl_resource = std::unique_ptr<void, std::function<void(void*)>>;
+void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
- * @brief Trait structure used to define how to destroy a given ACL resource type.
+ * @brief Forward Gated Linear Attention on the CANN backend.
  *
- * @tparam T ACL resource type.
- */
-template<typename T>
-struct acl_resource_traits;
-
-/**
- * @brief Specialization for aclTensor, defines how to destroy an aclTensor resource.
- */
-template<>
-struct acl_resource_traits<aclTensor> {
-    static void destroy(void* p) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyTensor(static_cast<aclTensor*>(p)));
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Specialization for aclIntArray, defines how to destroy an aclIntArray resource.
- */
-template<>
-struct acl_resource_traits<aclIntArray> {
-    static void destroy(void* p) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyIntArray(static_cast<aclIntArray*>(p)));
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Specialization for aclScalar, defines how to destroy an aclScalar resource.
- */
-template<>
-struct acl_resource_traits<aclScalar> {
-    static void destroy(void* p) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyScalar(static_cast<aclScalar*>(p)));
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Specialization for aclTensorList, defines how to destroy an aclTensorList resource.
- */
-template<>
-struct acl_resource_traits<aclTensorList> {
-    static void destroy(void* p) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyTensorList(static_cast<aclTensorList*>(p)));
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Creates a generic ACL resource wrapper with proper destruction logic.
+ * Expects dst->src[0..4] = {k, v, q, g, s} with shape conventions:
+ *   k, v, q, g: [D] with outer dims T x H batched as ne[2]=T, ne[1]=H
+ *   s: initial state [B, H, D, D], where B is batch and D=C/H
+ * dst holds both outputs (o) and updated state; a scale factor is read from op params.
  *
- * @tparam T ACL resource type.
- * @param ptr Raw pointer to ACL resource.
- * @return any_acl_resource Smart pointer that handles destruction.
- */
-template<typename T>
-any_acl_resource make_acl_resource(T* ptr) {
-    return any_acl_resource(
-        static_cast<void*>(ptr),
-        [](void* p) {
-            acl_resource_traits<T>::destroy(p);
-        }
-    );
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Registers multiple ACL resources into a vector for lifetime management.
+ * The kernel updates per time step l: S_new = g ⊗ S_old + k ⊗ v, then computes o = (S_new^T q) * scale.
  *
- * @tparam Args Variadic list of ACL resource types.
- * @param vec Target vector to hold ACL resources.
- * @param args Raw pointers to ACL resources.
- */
-template<typename... Args>
-void register_acl_resources(std::vector<any_acl_resource>& vec, Args*... args) {
-    (vec.emplace_back(make_acl_resource(args)), ...);
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Task class that wraps the execution of an aclnn function call.
+ * @param ctx Backend context providing stream/allocator utilities.
+ * @param dst Output tensor; src deps are k, v, q, g, s as above.
  */
-class aclnn_task : public cann_task {
-    public:
-        aclnn_task(aclnn_func_t aclnn_func, void * workspace_addr,
-                   uint64_t workspace_size, aclOpExecutor * executor,
-                   aclrtStream stream) :
-            aclnn_func_(aclnn_func),
-            workspace_addr_(workspace_addr),
-            workspace_size_(workspace_size),
-            executor_(executor),
-            stream_(stream) {}
-        virtual void run_task() override {
-            ACL_CHECK(aclnn_func_(workspace_addr_, workspace_size_, executor_, stream_));
-        }
-    private:
-        aclnn_func_t aclnn_func_;
-        void *          workspace_addr_;
-        uint64_t        workspace_size_;
-        aclOpExecutor * executor_;
-        aclrtStream     stream_;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Task class that releases ACL resources after usage.
- */
-class release_resource_task : public cann_task {
-public:
-    release_resource_task(std::vector<any_acl_resource>&& resources){
-        resource_ = std::move(resources);
-    }
-
-    virtual void run_task() override {
-        resource_.clear();
-    }
-private:
-    std::vector<any_acl_resource> resource_;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Task class for performing asynchronous memory copy operations.
- */
-class async_memcpy_task : public cann_task {
-public:
-    async_memcpy_task(void* dst, const void* src, size_t size,
-                      aclrtMemcpyKind kind, aclrtStream stream)
-        : dst_(dst), src_(src), size_(size), kind_(kind), stream_(stream) {}
-
-    virtual void run_task() override {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst_, size_, src_, size_, kind_, stream_));
-    }
-private:
-    void* dst_;
-    const void* src_;
-    size_t size_;
-    aclrtMemcpyKind kind_;
-    aclrtStream stream_;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Task class for performing asynchronous memory set operations.
- */
-class async_memset_task : public cann_task {
-    public:
-    async_memset_task(void* buffer, size_t size, int32_t value, aclrtStream stream)
-            : buffer_(buffer), size_(size), value_(value), stream_(stream) {}
-
-        virtual void run_task() override {
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemsetAsync(buffer_, size_, value_, size_, stream_));
-        }
-    private:
-        void* buffer_;
-        size_t size_;
-        int32_t value_;
-        aclrtStream stream_;
-};
+void ggml_cann_gated_linear_attn(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief Launches an asynchronous task using the memory allocator.
@@ -907,91 +847,19 @@ class async_memset_task : public cann_task {
  * same stream are executed in queue order.
  */
 
-#define GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(CTX, OP_NAME, ...)                                          \
-    do {                                                                                    \
-        uint64_t        workspaceSize = 0;                                                  \
-        aclOpExecutor * executor;                                                           \
-        void *          workspaceAddr = nullptr;                                            \
-        ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME##GetWorkspaceSize(__VA_ARGS__, &workspaceSize, &executor));\
-        /* workspace should alloced in main thread to keep malloc order when using vmm. */  \
-        if (workspaceSize > 0) {                                                            \
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc workspace_allocator(CTX.pool(), workspaceSize);            \
-            workspaceAddr = workspace_allocator.get();                                      \
-        }                                                                                   \
-        if (CTX.async_mode) {                                                               \
-            auto task =                                                                     \
-                std::make_unique<aclnn_task>(aclnn##OP_NAME, workspaceAddr, workspaceSize,  \
-                    executor, CTX.stream()); \
-            CTX.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));                                    \
-        } else {                                                                            \
-            ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME(workspaceAddr, workspaceSize, executor, CTX.stream()));\
-        }                                                                                   \
-    } while (0)
-
-/**
- * @brief Registers and releases multiple ACL resources, optionally deferring the release
- *        using a task.
- *
- * @tparam Args Types of the ACL resources.
- * @param ctx Backend context which manages task submission and async mode.
- * @param args Pointers to ACL resources to be released.
- */
-template <typename... Args>
-void ggml_cann_release_resources(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, Args &&... args) {
-    std::vector<any_acl_resource> resources;
-    register_acl_resources(resources, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    if(ctx.async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<release_resource_task>(std::move(resources));
-        ctx.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Performs an asynchronous memory copy operation, optionally deferred via task submission.
- *
- * @param ctx Backend context containing stream and async configuration.
- * @param dst Destination memory address.
- * @param src Source memory address.
- * @param len Size of memory to copy (in bytes).
- * @param kind Type of memory copy (host-to-device, device-to-host, etc).
- */
-inline void ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, void * dst,
-                                   const void * src, size_t len, aclrtMemcpyKind kind) {
-    if (ctx.async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<async_memcpy_task>(dst, const_cast<void *>(src), len, kind, ctx.stream());
-        ctx.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    } else {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst, len, src, len, kind, ctx.stream()));
-    }
-}
-
-inline void ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ggml_backend_cann_context * ctx, void * dst,
-                                   const void * src, size_t len, aclrtMemcpyKind kind) {
-    if (ctx->async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<async_memcpy_task>(dst, const_cast<void *>(src), len, kind, ctx->stream());
-        ctx->task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    } else {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst, len, src, len, kind, ctx->stream()));
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Performs an asynchronous memory set operation, optionally deferred via task submission.
- *
- * @param ctx Backend context containing stream and async configuration.
- * @param buffer Memory buffer to be set.
- * @param size Size of the memory buffer (in bytes).
- * @param value Value to set in the buffer.
- */
-inline void ggml_cann_async_memset(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, void * buffer,
-                                   size_t size, int value) {
-    if (ctx.async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<async_memset_task>(buffer, size, value, ctx.stream());
-        ctx.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    } else {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemsetAsync(buffer, size, value, size, ctx.stream()));
-    }
-}
+#    define GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(CTX, OP_NAME, ...)                                           \
+        do {                                                                                     \
+            uint64_t        workspaceSize = 0;                                                   \
+            aclOpExecutor * executor;                                                            \
+            void *          workspaceAddr = nullptr;                                             \
+            ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME##GetWorkspaceSize(__VA_ARGS__, &workspaceSize, &executor)); \
+            /* workspace should alloced in main thread to keep malloc order when using vmm. */   \
+            if (workspaceSize > 0) {                                                             \
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc workspace_allocator(CTX.pool(), workspaceSize);             \
+                workspaceAddr = workspace_allocator.get();                                       \
+            }                                                                                    \
+            ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME(workspaceAddr, workspaceSize, executor, CTX.stream()));     \
+        } while (0)
 
 /**
  * @brief   Performs sparse expert-based matrix multiplication using the CANN backend.
@@ -1018,7 +886,48 @@ inline void ggml_cann_async_memset(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, void * buffe
  * @param dst The destination tensor where the expert-weighted token outputs are stored.
  *            Expected to be of shape [M, K, N, 1].
  */
-void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Performs fused ADD + RMS_NORM operation using the CANN backend.
+ *
+ * This function fuses the ADD and RMS_NORM operations into a single kernel call
+ * for better performance. It first adds two input tensors (x1 + x2), then applies
+ * RMS normalization to the result.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The context for the CANN backend operations.
+ * @param dst The ADD operation node, contains the two input tensors to be added.
+ * @param rms_norm_tensor The RMS_NORM operation node, contains the gamma weights
+ *                        and epsilon parameter.
+ */
+void ggml_cann_op_add_rms_norm_fused(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               add_node,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               rms_norm_node);
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Check whether a tensor is a weight tensor for matrix multiplication.
+ *
+ * @details Checks whether the given tensor serves as weight parameters in matrix multiplication operations,
+ *          typically within neural network layers. The function maintains a static set of canonical weight
+ *          naming suffixes from Transformer-based architectures. Uses substring matching to identify weight
+ *          tensors even with hierarchical naming patterns.
+ *
+ * @param tensor Pointer to the target ggml_tensor object (const-qualified).
+ */
+static bool is_matmul_weight(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    std::string                                  name = ggml_get_name(tensor);
+    static const std::unordered_set<std::string> weight_suffixes{ "output.weight",      "attn_q.weight",
+                                                                  "attn_k.weight",      "attn_v.weight",
+                                                                  "attn_output.weight", "ffn_gate.weight",
+                                                                  "ffn_up.weight",      "ffn_down.weight" };
+
+    for (const auto & suffix : weight_suffixes) {
+        if (name.find(suffix) != std::string::npos) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
 
 /**
  * @brief Applies a element-wise operation to two input tensors using the CANN
@@ -1036,23 +945,17 @@ void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
  * @param ctx The CANN backend context used to manage execution and resources.
  * @param dst The destination tensor.
  */
-template <auto binary_op>
-void ggml_cann_binary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];
+template <auto binary_op> void ggml_cann_binary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src0;
-    aclTensor* acl_src1;
-    aclTensor* acl_dst;
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst;
 
     // Need bcast
-    bcast_shape(src0, src1, dst, &acl_src0, &acl_src1, &acl_dst);
-    binary_op(ctx, acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst);
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst);
+    bcast_shape(src0, src1, dst, acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst);
+    binary_op(ctx, acl_src0.get(), acl_src1.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
-
 /**
  * @brief Applies a unary operation to an input tensor using the CANN backend.
  *
@@ -1060,66 +963,157 @@ void ggml_cann_binary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
  * and stores the result in the destination tensor.
  *
  * @tparam unary_op A callable with the signature:
- *         void(ggml_backend_cann_context&, aclTensor*, aclTensor*)
+ *         void(ggml_backend_cann_context&, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)
  *         where the first aclTensor is the source and the second is the destination.
  * @param ctx The CANN backend context for managing resources and execution.
  * @param dst The destination tensor. Its src[0] is treated as the input tensor.
  */
-template <void unary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context&, aclTensor*, aclTensor*)>
-    void ggml_cann_unary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
+template <void unary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context &, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)>
+void ggml_cann_op_unary(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    unary_op(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    unary_op(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief   Applies a unary operation to a ggml tensor using the CANN backend.
+ * @brief Applies a unary operation to a ggml tensor using the CANN backend.
  *
- * @details This function performs a unary operation on the input tensor using
- * a user-provided lambda or callable object `unary_op`, which accepts the CANN
- * context and two ACL tensors (source and destination). Internally, this function
- * creates ACL representations of the ggml tensors and invokes the unary operation.
- * The result is stored in the destination tensor `dst`. This utility abstracts the
- * common boilerplate of tensor conversion and cleanup when implementing unary ops.
+ * @details This function applies a unary operation to the input tensor using
+ * a user-provided lambda or callable `unary_op`. The lambda receives the
+ * CANN backend context and two ACL tensors: the source and the destination.
  *
- * @param unary_op A callable that performs the unary operation using CANN APIs.
- * @param ctx The CANN context used for operations.
- * @param dst The destination tensor where the result will be stored.
- *            The source tensor is retrieved from `dst->src[0]`.
+ * Internally, this function handles the conversion from GGML tensors to ACL tensors,
+ * calls the provided unary op, and manages resource cleanup. The input is assumed
+ * to be `dst->src[0]`, and the result is written to `dst`.
+ *
+ * This utility simplifies writing unary op wrappers by abstracting tensor preparation.
+ *
+ * @param unary_op A callable that performs the unary operation using CANN ACL APIs.
+ * @param ctx The CANN context for operation execution.
+ * @param dst The destination ggml_tensor where the result will be stored.
+ *            The input tensor is assumed to be `dst->src[0]`.
+ *
+ * @see GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY
+ */
+void ggml_cann_op_unary(std::function<void(ggml_backend_cann_context &, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)> unary_op,
+                        ggml_backend_cann_context &                                                ctx,
+                        ggml_tensor *                                                              dst);
+
+void ggml_cann_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Applies a gated (GLU-style) unary operation using the CANN backend.
+ *
+ * @details This function performs a gated activation such as GEGLU or ReGLU.
+ * It supports two input modes:
+ *
+ * 1. **Dual input mode**: `dst->src[0]` and `dst->src[1]` are both valid tensors.
+ *    These are used directly as the value and gate tensors.
+ *
+ * 2. **Packed input mode**: Only `dst->src[0]` is valid, and it is assumed to
+ *    contain a concatenation of value and gate along the first dimension. This tensor
+ *    will be split into two equal halves to form the value and gate inputs.
+ *
+ * The function applies a user-provided unary operation (e.g., GELU) to the value tensor,
+ * then multiplies the result in-place with the gate tensor:
+ *
+ * @code
+ * dst = unary_op(value) * gate;
+ * @endcode
+ *
+ * The `swapped` parameter (from `dst->op_params[1]`) allows flipping the
+ * order of value/gate in the packed input case.
+ *
+ * @param unary_op A callable that performs the unary operation using CANN ACL APIs.
+ *                 It receives (ctx, acl_value_tensor, acl_output_tensor).
+ * @param ctx      The CANN context used for execution.
+ * @param dst      The destination ggml_tensor. Source tensors are in `dst->src[0]` and optionally `src[1]`.
+ *
+ * @see GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY_GATED
  */
-void ggml_cann_unary_op(
-    std::function<void(ggml_backend_cann_context&, aclTensor*, aclTensor*)> unary_op,
-    ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+void ggml_cann_op_unary_gated(std::function<void(ggml_backend_cann_context &, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)> unary_op,
+                              ggml_backend_cann_context &                                                ctx,
+                              ggml_tensor *                                                              dst);
 
 /**
- * @brief Helper macro to invoke a unary ACL operation using ggml_cann_unary_op.
+ * @brief Helper macro to call a unary ACL operator via ggml_cann_op_unary.
  *
- * This macro defines an inline lambda wrapping a specific ACL operation name,
- * and passes it to the templated ggml_cann_unary_op function. It simplifies
- * calling unary ops by hiding the lambda boilerplate.
+ * This macro wraps the specified ACLNN unary operator name into a lambda expression,
+ * and passes it to `ggml_cann_op_unary`, which handles the common logic for executing
+ * unary ops in the CANN backend.
  *
- * Internally, the lambda will call:
+ * Internally, this macro expands to a lambda like:
  * @code
- * GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, OP_NAME, acl_src, acl_dst);
+ * [](ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src, aclTensor* acl_dst) {
+ *     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, OP_NAME, acl_src, acl_dst);
+ * };
  * @endcode
  *
+ * This lambda is then passed to `ggml_cann_op_unary`, which applies the operation.
+ *
+ * @param OP_NAME The name of the ACL unary operator to invoke via GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP.
+ *
+ * @see ggml_cann_op_unary
+ * @see GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP
+ */
+#    define GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(OP_NAME)                                                              \
+        do {                                                                                              \
+            auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) { \
+                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, OP_NAME, acl_src, acl_dst);                                  \
+            };                                                                                            \
+            ggml_cann_op_unary(lambda, ctx, dst);                                                         \
+        } while (0)
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper macro to call a gated unary ACL operator via ggml_cann_op_unary_gated.
+ *
+ * This macro wraps the specified ACLNN unary operator name into a lambda expression,
+ * and passes it to `ggml_cann_op_unary_gated`, which handles the common logic for
+ * executing gated unary ops in the CANN backend.
+ *
+ * Internally, this macro expands to a lambda like:
+ * @code
+ * [](ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src, aclTensor* acl_dst) {
+ *     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, OP_NAME, acl_src, acl_dst);
+ * };
+ * @endcode
+ *
+ * This lambda is then passed to `ggml_cann_op_unary_gated`, which applies the operation.
+ *
  * @param OP_NAME The name of the ACL unary operator to invoke via GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP.
  *
- * @see ggml_cann_unary_op
+ * @see ggml_cann_op_unary_gated
  * @see GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP
  */
-#define GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(OP_NAME)                              \
-    do {                                                              \
-        auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,              \
-            aclTensor* acl_src,                                       \
-            aclTensor* acl_dst) {                                     \
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, OP_NAME, acl_src, acl_dst);  \
-        };                                                            \
-        ggml_cann_unary_op(lambda, ctx, dst);                         \
-    }                                                                 \
-    while (0)
+#    define GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY_GATED(OP_NAME)                                                        \
+        do {                                                                                              \
+            auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) { \
+                GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, OP_NAME, acl_src, acl_dst);                                  \
+            };                                                                                            \
+            ggml_cann_op_unary_gated(lambda, ctx, dst);                                                   \
+        } while (0)
+
 #endif  // CANN_ACLNN_OPS
+
+/**
+ * @brief Performs outer product operation on two ggml tensors using the CANN backend.
+ *
+ * @details This function computes the outer product of two input tensors (src0 and src1)
+ * and stores the result in the destination tensor. The outer product operation is defined as:
+ * dst[i,j,k,l] = sum_m (src0[i,m,k,l] * src1[j,m,k,l])
+ *
+ * The function supports multiple data types including F32, F16. For floating-point
+ * types, it uses batch matrix multiplication for efficient computation.
+ *
+ * The implementation handles 4D tensor broadcasting and batch processing automatically.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The CANN backend context for operation execution and memory management.
+ * @param dst The destination ggml_tensor where the outer product result will be stored.
+ *            The input tensors are assumed to be `dst->src[0]` and `dst->src[1]`.
+ *
+ * @see GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP for CANN operator invocation
+ */
+void ggml_cann_out_prod(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/common.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/common.h
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ba2cef0c25f..0120f0dfd1e
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/common.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/common.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -23,27 +23,28 @@
 #ifndef CANN_COMMON_H
 #define CANN_COMMON_H
 
+#include "../ggml-impl.h"
+#include "../include/ggml-cann.h"
+#include "../include/ggml.h"
+
 #include <acl/acl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstdio>
+#include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <list>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <condition_variable>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <thread>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <functional>
 #include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
 
-#include "../include/ggml-cann.h"
-#include "../include/ggml.h"
-#include "../ggml-impl.h"
-
-#define MATRIX_ROW_PADDING 512
+#define MATRIX_ROW_PADDING    512
 #define GGML_CANN_MAX_STREAMS 8
 
 /**
@@ -55,8 +56,7 @@
  * @param line The line number at which the error occurred.
  * @param msg The error message.
  */
-[[noreturn]] void ggml_cann_error(const char* stmt, const char* func,
-                                  const char* file, int line, const char* msg);
+[[noreturn]] void ggml_cann_error(const char * stmt, const char * func, const char * file, int line, const char * msg);
 
 /**
  * @brief Checks the result of a CANN function call and invokes the error
@@ -88,24 +88,23 @@ struct ggml_cann_device_info {
      * @brief Information about a single CANN device.
      */
     struct cann_device_info {
-        int cc;                 /**< Compute capability.                   */
+        int    cc;              /**< Compute capability.                   */
         size_t smpb;            /**< Maximum shared memory per block.      */
-        bool vmm;               /**< Virtual memory support.               */
+        bool   vmm;             /**< Virtual memory support.               */
         size_t vmm_granularity; /**< Granularity of virtual memory.        */
         size_t total_vram;      /**< Total video RAM available on the device. */
     };
 
-    cann_device_info devices[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES] =
-        {}; /**< Array of CANN device information. */
+    cann_device_info devices[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES] = {}; /**< Array of CANN device information. */
 };
 
-const ggml_cann_device_info& ggml_cann_info();
+const ggml_cann_device_info & ggml_cann_info();
 
-void ggml_cann_set_device(int32_t device);
-int32_t ggml_cann_get_device();
+void    ggml_cann_set_device(int32_t device);
 
-std::optional<std::string> get_env(const std::string& name);
-bool parse_bool(const std::string& value);
+std::optional<std::string> get_env_as_lowercase(const std::string & name);
+bool                       parse_bool(const std::string & value);
+int                        parse_integer(const std::string & value);
 
 /**
  * @brief Abstract base class for memory pools used by CANN.
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool {
      *                     will be stored.
      * @return             Pointer to the allocated memory block.
      */
-    virtual void* alloc(size_t size, size_t* actual_size) = 0;
+    virtual void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) = 0;
 
     /**
      * @brief Frees a previously allocated memory block.
@@ -134,16 +133,16 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool {
      * @note Note that all CANN opertors are running async. Make sure memory is
      *       still avaiable before this operator finished.
      */
-    virtual void free(void* ptr, size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual void free(void * ptr, size_t size) = 0;
 };
 
 /**
  * @brief RAII wrapper for managing memory allocations from a CANN memory pool.
  */
 struct ggml_cann_pool_alloc {
-    ggml_cann_pool* pool = nullptr; /**< Pointer to the memory pool. */
-    void* ptr = nullptr;    /**< Pointer to the allocated memory block. */
-    size_t actual_size = 0; /**< Actual size of the allocated memory block. */
+    ggml_cann_pool * pool        = nullptr; /**< Pointer to the memory pool. */
+    void *           ptr         = nullptr; /**< Pointer to the allocated memory block. */
+    size_t           actual_size = 0;       /**< Actual size of the allocated memory block. */
 
     /**
      * @brief Default constructor.
@@ -154,16 +153,14 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_alloc {
      * @brief Constructor that initializes the memory pool.
      * @param pool Reference to the memory pool.
      */
-    explicit ggml_cann_pool_alloc(ggml_cann_pool& pool) : pool(&pool) {}
+    explicit ggml_cann_pool_alloc(ggml_cann_pool & pool) : pool(&pool) {}
 
     /**
      * @brief Constructor that initializes the memory pool and allocates memory.
      * @param pool Reference to the memory pool.
      * @param size Size of the memory block to allocate.
      */
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc(ggml_cann_pool& pool, size_t size) : pool(&pool) {
-        alloc(size);
-    }
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc(ggml_cann_pool & pool, size_t size) : pool(&pool) { alloc(size); }
 
     /**
      * @brief Destructor that frees the allocated memory block.
@@ -179,7 +176,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_alloc {
      * @param size Size of the memory block to allocate.
      * @return Pointer to the allocated memory block.
      */
-    void* alloc(size_t size) {
+    void * alloc(size_t size) {
         GGML_ASSERT(pool != nullptr);
         GGML_ASSERT(ptr == nullptr);
         ptr = pool->alloc(size, &this->actual_size);
@@ -192,7 +189,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_alloc {
      * @param size Size of the memory block to allocate.
      * @return Pointer to the allocated memory block.
      */
-    void* alloc(ggml_cann_pool& pool, size_t size) {
+    void * alloc(ggml_cann_pool & pool, size_t size) {
         this->pool = &pool;
         return alloc(size);
     }
@@ -201,167 +198,385 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_alloc {
      * @brief Gets the pointer to the allocated memory block.
      * @return Pointer to the allocated memory block.
      */
-    void* get() { return ptr; }
+    void * get() { return ptr; }
 
     // Deleted copy constructor
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc(const ggml_cann_pool_alloc&) = delete;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc(const ggml_cann_pool_alloc &) = delete;
 
     // Deleted move constructor
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc(ggml_cann_pool_alloc&&) = delete;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc(ggml_cann_pool_alloc &&) = delete;
 
     // Deleted copy assignment operator
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc& operator=(const ggml_cann_pool_alloc&) = delete;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc & operator=(const ggml_cann_pool_alloc &) = delete;
 
     // Deleted move assignment operator
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc& operator=(ggml_cann_pool_alloc&&) = delete;
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc & operator=(ggml_cann_pool_alloc &&) = delete;
 };
 
-/**
- * @brief Function pointer type for ACLNN operator calls.
- */
-using aclnn_func_t = aclnnStatus (*)(void*, uint64_t, aclOpExecutor*, aclrtStream);
+#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
+struct ggml_graph_node_properties {
+    // dst tensor
+    void *  node_address;
+    int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    size_t  nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
 
-/**
- * @brief Base class for all CANN tasks to be submitted to the task queue.
- *
- * Users should override the run_task() method with actual task logic.
- */
-class cann_task {
-public:
-    virtual void run_task() {}
-};
+    // src tensor
+    void *  src_address[GGML_MAX_SRC];
+    int64_t src_ne[GGML_MAX_SRC][GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    size_t  src_nb[GGML_MAX_SRC][GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+
+    // op
+    ggml_op node_op;
+    int32_t op_params[GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t)];
 
-/**
- * @brief A lock-free ring-buffer based task queue for asynchronously executing cann_task instances.
- */
-class cann_task_queue {
-public:
     /**
-     * @brief Constructs a task queue with a fixed power-of-two capacity for a specific device.
+     * @brief Check if a ggml tensor node matches this property set.
+     *
+     * This function compares all relevant fields (address, op type, shape, source inputs, op params)
+     * to determine whether the current node matches these previously recorded properties.
      *
-     * @param capacity Queue capacity. Must be a power of 2.
-     * @param device Target device ID (used for context setting).
+     * @param node The current ggml tensor node.
+     * @return true if all fields match (excluding GGML_OP_VIEW); false otherwise.
      */
-    explicit cann_task_queue(size_t capacity, int32_t device)
-        : buffer_(capacity), capacity_(capacity), head_(0), tail_(0),
-          running_(false), device_(device) {
-        GGML_ASSERT((capacity & (capacity - 1)) == 0 && "capacity must be power of 2");
-        mask_ = capacity_ - 1;
+    bool has_matching_properties(ggml_tensor * node) {
+        if (node->data != this->node_address && node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (node->op != this->node_op) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+            if (node->ne[i] != this->ne[i]) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (node->nb[i] != this->nb[i]) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            if (node->src[i]) {
+                if (node->src[i]->data != this->src_address[i] && node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                for (int d = 0; d < GGML_MAX_DIMS; d++) {
+                    if (node->src[i]->ne[d] != this->src_ne[i][d]) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (node->src[i]->nb[d] != this->src_nb[i][d]) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (this->src_address[i] != nullptr) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_SCALE || node->op == GGML_OP_UNARY || node->op == GGML_OP_GLU) {
+            return memcmp(this->op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS) == 0;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_cann_graph {
+    ~ggml_cann_graph() {
+        if (graph != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRIDestroy(graph));
+        }
     }
 
+    aclmdlRI graph = nullptr;
+
+    std::vector<ggml_graph_node_properties> ggml_graph_properties;
+
     /**
-     * @brief Attempts to enqueue a task into the queue.
+     * @brief Create a new CANN graph from a ggml computation graph.
+     *
+     * This function creates a new ggml_cann_graph object and fills its node properties
+     * (operation type, dimensions, strides, input sources, and operation parameters)
+     * based on the current ggml computation graph.
+     *
+     * Each node in the ggml graph is mapped to a property entry in the new CANN graph:
+     * - node address
+     * - operation type
+     * - shape (ne) and strides (nb)
+     * - source tensor addresses
+     * - operation parameters
      *
-     * @param item Unique pointer to the task.
-     * @return true if the task was successfully enqueued, false if the queue was full.
+     * @param cgraph The current ggml computation graph.
+     * @return Pointer to the newly created ggml_cann_graph object.
      */
-    bool enqueue(std::unique_ptr<cann_task>&& item) {
-        size_t next_tail = (tail_ + 1) & mask_;
+    static ggml_cann_graph * create_from_cgraph(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+        ggml_cann_graph * new_graph = new ggml_cann_graph();
+        new_graph->ggml_graph_properties.resize(cgraph->n_nodes);
+
+        for (int node_idx = 0; node_idx < cgraph->n_nodes; ++node_idx) {
+            ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+            auto &        prop = new_graph->ggml_graph_properties[node_idx];
+
+            prop.node_address = node->data;
+            prop.node_op      = node->op;
+
+            std::copy_n(node->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, prop.ne);
+            std::copy_n(node->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, prop.nb);
+
+            for (int src = 0; src < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++src) {
+                if (node->src[src]) {
+                    prop.src_address[src] = node->src[src]->data;
+                    std::copy_n(node->src[src]->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, prop.src_ne[src]);
+                    std::copy_n(node->src[src]->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS, prop.src_nb[src]);
+                } else {
+                    prop.src_address[src] = nullptr;
+                    std::fill_n(prop.src_ne[src], GGML_MAX_DIMS, 0);
+                    std::fill_n(prop.src_nb[src], GGML_MAX_DIMS, 0);
+                }
+            }
 
-        if (next_tail == head_) {
-            return false;
+            memcpy(prop.op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS);
         }
 
-        buffer_[tail_] = std::move(item);
-        std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);
-        tail_ = next_tail;
-
-        return true;
+        return new_graph;
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Submits a task to the queue, and starts the worker thread if not already running.
+     * @brief Check whether this CANN graph matches the given ggml computation graph.
+     *
+     * This function compares the number of nodes and each node's properties
+     * (operation type, dimensions, strides, inputs, and operation parameters)
+     * to determine whether this CANN graph matches the given ggml graph.
      *
-     * @param task Task to be submitted.
+     * @param cgraph The current ggml computation graph.
+     * @return true if this CANN graph matches the ggml graph; false otherwise.
      */
-    void submit_task(std::unique_ptr<cann_task>&& task) {
-        while(!enqueue(std::move(task))) {
-            std::this_thread::yield();
-            continue;
+    bool matches_cgraph(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+        if (this->ggml_graph_properties.size() != static_cast<size_t>(cgraph->n_nodes)) {
+            return false;
         }
 
-        if (!running_) {
-            running_ = true;
-            thread_ = std::thread(&cann_task_queue::execute, this);
+        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+            if (!this->ggml_graph_properties[i].has_matching_properties(cgraph->nodes[i])) {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
 
+        return true;
     }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief LRU cache for managing ggml_cann_graph objects.
+ *
+ * This class maintains a list of shared_ptr to ggml_cann_graph objects
+ * and enforces a maximum capacity. It provides methods to push new graphs,
+ * move existing graphs to the front (most recently used), and clear the cache.
+ */
+struct ggml_cann_graph_lru_cache {
+    size_t capacity;                         /**< Maximum number of graphs in the cache. */
+
+    std::list<ggml_cann_graph *> cache_list; /**< List storing cached graphs as raw pointers. */
+
+    ggml_cann_graph_lru_cache() { capacity = parse_integer(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_GRAPH_CACHE_CAPACITY").value_or("12")); }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Waits until the queue is completely empty and no tasks are being processed.
+     * @brief Push a new graph to the front of the cache.
+     * If the cache exceeds capacity, the least recently used graph is deleted.
+     * @param new_node Pointer to the new ggml_cann_graph to cache.
+     *        Ownership is transferred to the cache (cache will delete it).
      */
-    void wait() {
-        while (running_ && head_ != tail_) {
-            std::this_thread::yield();
-            continue;
+    void push(ggml_cann_graph * new_node) {
+        if (cache_list.size() >= capacity) {
+            ggml_cann_graph * old = cache_list.back();
+            cache_list.pop_back();
+            delete old;  // free the old graph
         }
+        cache_list.push_front(new_node);
     }
 
     /**
-     * @brief Stops the task queue and joins the worker thread.
+     * @brief Clear all graphs from the cache (also frees memory).
      */
-    void stop() {
-        running_ = false;
-        if (thread_.joinable()) {
-            thread_.join();
+    void clear() {
+        for (auto ptr : cache_list) {
+            delete ptr;
         }
+        cache_list.clear();
     }
 
-private:
     /**
-     * @brief Worker thread function that continuously dequeues and executes tasks.
+     * @brief Destructor that clears the cache and frees all cached graphs.
      */
-    void execute() {
-        ggml_cann_set_device(device_);
+    ~ggml_cann_graph_lru_cache() { clear(); }
 
-        while (running_) {
-            if(head_ == tail_) {
-                std::this_thread::yield();
-                continue;
+    /**
+     * @brief Find a cached CANN graph that matches the given ggml graph and move it to front.
+     *
+     * This function iterates through the cached CANN graphs stored in the LRU cache and
+     * compares them against the given ggml computation graph. If a matching graph is found,
+     * it is promoted to the front of the LRU cache and returned. Otherwise, the function
+     * returns nullptr.
+     *
+     * @param cgraph The current ggml computation graph.
+     * @return true if found; false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool find_and_move_to_front(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+        for (auto & graph_ptr : this->cache_list) {
+            if (graph_ptr->matches_cgraph(cgraph)) {
+                cache_list.remove(graph_ptr);
+                cache_list.push_front(graph_ptr);
+                return true;
             }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+#endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
 
-            std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
-            buffer_[head_]->run_task();
-            buffer_[head_].reset();
-            head_ = (head_ + 1) & mask_;
+struct ggml_cann_rope_cache {
+    ~ggml_cann_rope_cache() {
+        if (theta_scale_cache) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(theta_scale_cache));
+        }
+        if (sin_cache) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(sin_cache));
+        }
+        if (cos_cache) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(cos_cache));
+        }
+        if (position_select_index) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(position_select_index));
+        }
+        if (theta_scale_exp_host) {
+            free(theta_scale_exp_host);
+        }
+        if (position_select_index_host) {
+            free(position_select_index_host);
         }
+        if (yarn_ramp_cache) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(yarn_ramp_cache));
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool equal(int64_t theta_scale_length,
+               int64_t position_length,
+               float   ext_factor,
+               float   theta_scale,
+               float   freq_scale,
+               float   attn_factor,
+               bool    is_neox,
+               bool    indep_sects,
+               bool    mrope_used,
+               bool    is_imrope,
+               int     sections[4]) {
+        return this->theta_scale_length == theta_scale_length && this->position_length == position_length &&
+               this->ext_factor == ext_factor && this->theta_scale == theta_scale && this->freq_scale == freq_scale &&
+               this->attn_factor == attn_factor && this->is_neox == is_neox && this->indep_sects == indep_sects &&
+               this->mrope_used == mrope_used && this->is_imrope == is_imrope && this->sections[0] == sections[0] &&
+               this->sections[1] == sections[1] && this->sections[2] == sections[2] && this->sections[3] == sections[3];
     }
 
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<cann_task>> buffer_;
-    const size_t capacity_;
-    size_t mask_;
-    size_t head_;
-    size_t tail_;
-    bool running_;
-    std::thread thread_;
-    int32_t device_;
+    void set(int64_t theta_scale_length,
+             int64_t position_length,
+             float   ext_factor,
+             float   theta_scale,
+             float   freq_scale,
+             float   attn_factor,
+             bool    is_neox,
+             bool    indep_sects,
+             bool    mrope_used,
+             bool    is_imrope,
+             int     sections[4]) {
+        this->theta_scale_length = theta_scale_length;
+        this->position_length    = position_length;
+        this->ext_factor         = ext_factor;
+        this->theta_scale        = theta_scale;
+        this->freq_scale         = freq_scale;
+        this->attn_factor        = attn_factor;
+        this->is_neox            = is_neox;
+        this->indep_sects        = indep_sects;
+        this->mrope_used         = mrope_used;
+        this->is_imrope          = is_imrope;
+        this->sections[0]        = sections[0];
+        this->sections[1]        = sections[1];
+        this->sections[2]        = sections[2];
+        this->sections[3]        = sections[3];
+    }
+
+    // memory cache, prepare before inferencing.
+    void *  theta_scale_cache          = nullptr;
+    float * theta_scale_exp_host       = nullptr;
+    int *   position_select_index_host = nullptr;
+    void *  position_select_index      = nullptr;
+    void *  yarn_ramp_cache            = nullptr;
+    // sin/cos cache, used only to accelerate first layer on each device
+    void *  sin_cache                  = nullptr;
+    void *  cos_cache                  = nullptr;
+    // Properties to check before reusing the sincos cache
+    int64_t theta_scale_length         = 0;
+    int64_t position_length            = 0;
+    bool    cached                     = false;
+    float   ext_factor                 = 0.0f;
+    float   theta_scale                = 0.0f;
+    float   freq_scale                 = 0.0f;
+    float   attn_factor                = 0.0f;
+    bool    is_neox                    = false;
+    bool    indep_sects                = false;
+    bool    mrope_used                 = false;
+    int     sections[4]                = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+    bool    is_imrope                  = false;
+};
+
+struct ggml_cann_tensor_cache {
+    ~ggml_cann_tensor_cache() {
+        if (cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(cache));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void *  cache = nullptr;
+    int64_t size  = 0;
 };
 
 /**
  * @brief Context for managing CANN backend operations.
  */
 struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
-    int32_t device;                  /**< Device ID. */
-    std::string name;                /**< Name of the device. */
-    std::string description;         /**< Description of the device. */
-    aclrtEvent copy_event = nullptr; /**< Event for managing copy operations. */
-    cann_task_queue task_queue;
-    bool async_mode;
-
-    aclrtStream streams[GGML_CANN_MAX_STREAMS] = {nullptr}; /**< Array of streams for the device. */
+    int32_t     device;               /**< Device ID. */
+    std::string name;                 /**< Name of the device. */
+    std::string description;          /**< Description of the device. */
+    aclrtEvent  copy_event = nullptr; /**< Event for managing copy operations. */
+#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
+    /// Cached CANN ACL graph used for executing the current ggml computation graph.
+    ggml_cann_graph_lru_cache graph_lru_cache;
+    bool                      acl_graph_mode = true;
+#endif
+    bool                   async_mode;
+    // Rope Cache
+    ggml_cann_rope_cache   rope_cache;
+    // Constant Pool
+    ggml_cann_tensor_cache rms_norm_one_tensor_cache;
+    ggml_cann_tensor_cache rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache;
+
+    aclrtStream streams[GGML_CANN_MAX_STREAMS] = { nullptr }; /**< Array of streams for the device. */
 
     /**
      * @brief Constructor for initializing the context with a given device.
      * @param device Device ID.
      */
-    explicit ggml_backend_cann_context(int device)
-        : device(device), name("CANN" + std::to_string(device)), task_queue(1024, device) {
+    explicit ggml_backend_cann_context(int device) : device(device), name("CANN" + std::to_string(device)) {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
         description = aclrtGetSocName();
 
-        bool async_mode = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_ASYNC_MODE").value_or(""));
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d async operator submission is %s\n", __func__,
-            device, async_mode ? "ON" : "OFF");
+#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
+        acl_graph_mode = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_ACL_GRAPH").value_or("on"));
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d execution mode is %s (%s)\n", __func__, device, acl_graph_mode ? "GRAPH" : "EAGER",
+                      acl_graph_mode ? "acl graph enabled" : "acl graph disabled");
+#endif
     }
 
     /**
@@ -369,7 +584,6 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
      */
     ~ggml_backend_cann_context() {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
-        task_queue.stop();
         if (copy_event != nullptr) {
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtDestroyEvent(copy_event));
         }
@@ -387,7 +601,10 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
      */
     aclrtStream stream(int stream) {
         if (streams[stream] == nullptr) {
-            ggml_cann_set_device(device);
+            // If the device is not set here, destroying the stream later may cause a mismatch
+            // between the thread contexts where the stream was created and destroyed.
+            // However, I printed the device_id, thread_id, and stream, and they are all consistent.
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtSetDevice(device));
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtCreateStream(&streams[stream]));
         }
         return streams[stream];
@@ -400,8 +617,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
     aclrtStream stream() { return stream(0); }
 
     // TODO: each stream should have a memory pool.
-    std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool>
-        mem_pool; /**< Memory pool for the device. */
+    std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool> mem_pool; /**< Memory pool for the device. */
 
     /**
      * @brief Create a new memory pool for a given device.
@@ -414,7 +630,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
      * @brief Get or create the memory pool for the context.
      * @return Reference to the memory pool.
      */
-    ggml_cann_pool& pool() {
+    ggml_cann_pool & pool() {
         if (mem_pool == nullptr) {
             mem_pool = new_pool_for_device(device);
         }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d1a0ad374d6..3f3de9f0bcb
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 The ggml authors
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 The ggml authors
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
@@ -22,23 +22,24 @@
 
 #include "ggml-cann.h"
 
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h"
+#include "ggml-cann/common.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
 #include <acl/acl.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_trans_matmul_weight.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
 #include <queue>
-#include <chrono>
 #include <unordered_set>
-#include <optional>
-
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h"
-#include "ggml-cann/common.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
 
 #define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
 
@@ -55,53 +56,52 @@
  * @param line The line number where the error occurred.
  * @param msg The error message.
  */
-[[noreturn]] void ggml_cann_error(const char* stmt, const char* func,
-                                  const char* file, int line, const char* msg) {
+[[noreturn]] void ggml_cann_error(const char * stmt, const char * func, const char * file, int line, const char * msg) {
     int32_t id = -1;
     aclrtGetDevice(&id);
 
     GGML_LOG_ERROR("CANN error: %s\n", msg);
-    GGML_LOG_ERROR("  current device: %d, in function %s at %s:%d\n", id, func,
-            file, line);
+    GGML_LOG_ERROR("  current device: %d, in function %s at %s:%d\n", id, func, file, line);
     GGML_LOG_ERROR("  %s\n", stmt);
     // abort with GGML_ASSERT to get a stack trace
     GGML_ABORT("CANN error");
 }
 
+// Thread-local variable to record the current device of this thread.
+thread_local int g_current_cann_device = -1;
+
 /**
- * @brief Sets the device to be used by CANN.
+ * @brief Set the CANN device to be used.
  *
- * @param device The device ID to set.
+ * @param device The target device ID to set.
  */
 void ggml_cann_set_device(const int32_t device) {
-    // TODO: uncomment these lines after empty context has fixed.
-    // int current_device;
-    // ACL_CHECK(aclrtGetDevice(&current_device));
+    // int current_device = -1;
+    // Note: In some CANN versions, if no device has been set yet,
+    //       aclrtGetDevice(&current_device) may return 0 by default.
+    // aclrtGetDevice(&current_device);
+
+    // If the current device is already the target one, no need to switch.
+    if (device == g_current_cann_device) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    // if (device == current_device) {
-    //   return;
-    // }
+    // Switch to the new device.
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtSetDevice(device));
-}
 
-/**
- * @brief Retrieves the current device ID.
- *
- * @return The current device ID.
- */
-int32_t ggml_cann_get_device() {
-    int32_t id;
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtGetDevice(&id));
-    return id;
+    // Update the global device record.
+    g_current_cann_device = device;
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief Get the value of the specified environment variable (name).
+ * @brief Get the value of the specified environment variable (name) as lowercase.
  *        if not empty, return a std::string object
  */
-std::optional<std::string> get_env(const std::string& name) {
-    const char* val = std::getenv(name.c_str());
-    if (!val) return std::nullopt;
+std::optional<std::string> get_env_as_lowercase(const std::string & name) {
+    const char * val = std::getenv(name.c_str());
+    if (!val) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
     std::string res = std::string(val);
     std::transform(res.begin(), res.end(), res.begin(), ::tolower);
     return res;
@@ -110,11 +110,29 @@ std::optional<std::string> get_env(const std::string& name) {
 /**
  * @brief Verify whether the environment variable is a valid value.
  */
-bool parse_bool(const std::string& value) {
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> valid_values = {"on", "1", "yes", "y", "enable", "true"};
+bool parse_bool(const std::string & value) {
+    static const std::unordered_set<std::string> valid_values = { "on", "1", "yes", "y", "enable", "true" };
     return valid_values.find(value) != valid_values.end();
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Parse a string as an integer, returning 0 if invalid.
+ *
+ * This function attempts to convert the input string `value` to an `int`.
+ * If the string is not a valid integer or is out of the `int` range,
+ * it returns 0.
+ *
+ * @param value The string to parse.
+ * @return The parsed integer, or 0 if conversion fails.
+ */
+int parse_integer(const std::string & value) {
+    try {
+        return std::stoi(value);
+    } catch (...) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief Initialize the CANN device information.
  *
@@ -126,11 +144,10 @@ bool parse_bool(const std::string& value) {
 static ggml_cann_device_info ggml_cann_init() {
     ggml_cann_device_info info = {};
 
-    aclError err = aclrtGetDeviceCount((uint32_t*)&info.device_count);
+    aclError err = aclrtGetDeviceCount((uint32_t *) &info.device_count);
 
     if (err != ACL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize CANN: %s\n",
-                __func__, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to initialize CANN: %s\n", __func__, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
         return info;
     }
 
@@ -138,16 +155,15 @@ static ggml_cann_device_info ggml_cann_init() {
 
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
         aclrtPhysicalMemProp prop = {};
-        prop.handleType = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
-        prop.allocationType = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
-        prop.memAttr = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
-        prop.location.type = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
-        prop.location.id = id;
-        prop.reserve = 0;
-        err = aclrtMemGetAllocationGranularity(
-            &prop, ACL_RT_MEM_ALLOC_GRANULARITY_RECOMMENDED,
-            &info.devices[id].vmm_granularity);
-        info.devices[id].vmm = err == ACL_SUCCESS;
+        prop.handleType           = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
+        prop.allocationType       = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
+        prop.memAttr              = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
+        prop.location.type        = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
+        prop.location.id          = id;
+        prop.reserve              = 0;
+        err                       = aclrtMemGetAllocationGranularity(&prop, ACL_RT_MEM_ALLOC_GRANULARITY_RECOMMENDED,
+                                                                     &info.devices[id].vmm_granularity);
+        info.devices[id].vmm      = err == ACL_SUCCESS;
 
         size_t free, total;
         ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(id, &free, &total);
@@ -167,7 +183,7 @@ static ggml_cann_device_info ggml_cann_init() {
  *
  * @return A reference to the structure containing the device information.
  */
-const ggml_cann_device_info& ggml_cann_info() {
+const ggml_cann_device_info & ggml_cann_info() {
     static ggml_cann_device_info info = ggml_cann_init();
     return info;
 }
@@ -187,7 +203,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief The minimum free margin for a buffer.
      */
-    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;   // 1MB
+    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;  // 1MB
 
     /**
      * @brief The alignment for buffer allocation.
@@ -208,22 +224,18 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @brief Structure representing a CANN buffer.
      */
     struct ggml_cann_buffer {
-        void* ptr = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer.
-        size_t size = 0;      ///< Size of the buffer.
-        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;  ///< Last used time.
+        void *                                ptr  = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer.
+        size_t                                size = 0;        ///< Size of the buffer.
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;       ///< Last used time.
 
-        bool operator>(const ggml_cann_buffer& other) const {
-            return size > other.size;
-        }
+        bool operator>(const ggml_cann_buffer & other) const { return size > other.size; }
     };
 
     /**
      * @brief Array of CANN buffers in the pool.
      */
-    std::unordered_map<void*, size_t> buffer_pool;
-    std::priority_queue<ggml_cann_buffer,
-                        std::vector<ggml_cann_buffer>,
-                        std::greater<>> free_buffers ;
+    std::unordered_map<void *, size_t>                                                   buffer_pool;
+    std::priority_queue<ggml_cann_buffer, std::vector<ggml_cann_buffer>, std::greater<>> free_buffers;
 
     /**
      * @brief Total size of all buffers in the pool.
@@ -236,7 +248,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param device The device ID to associate with this buffer pool.
      */
     explicit ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio(int device) : device(device) {
-        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
+        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -244,7 +256,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      */
     ~ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio() {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
-        for (auto& [b_ptr, b_size] : buffer_pool) {
+        for (auto & [b_ptr, b_size] : buffer_pool) {
             aclrtFree(b_ptr);
             pool_size -= b_size;
         }
@@ -260,14 +272,14 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * the allocated buffer.
      * @return A pointer to the allocated buffer.
      */
-    void* alloc(size_t size, size_t* actual_size) override {
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
         size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
         if (size == 0) {
             size = alignment;
         }
 
-        void* ptr = nullptr;
-        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        void * ptr = nullptr;
+        auto   now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
         std::vector<ggml_cann_buffer> free_buffers_rest;
         free_buffers_rest.reserve(free_buffers.size());
@@ -280,24 +292,22 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
                 const size_t margin = b.size - size;
                 if (margin <= max_reuse_margin) {
                     *actual_size = b.size;
-                    ptr = b.ptr;
+                    ptr          = b.ptr;
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
                     GGML_LOG_INFO(
                         "cann pool[%d]: reused   %p, "
                         "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                         "size = %5u MB, "
                         "margin = %5u MB\n",
-                        device, b.ptr,
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                        device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
-            bool should_clean = !disable_clean &&
-                                b.size > min_free_margin &&
+            bool should_clean = !disable_clean && b.size > min_free_margin &&
                                 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - b.last_used).count() > 100;
             if (should_clean) {
                 // free the buffer if the size is needed to be freed
@@ -309,20 +319,20 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
                     "cann pool[%d]: clean    %p, "
                     "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                     "size = %5u MB\n",
-                    device, b.ptr,
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                    device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                    (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                 continue;
             }
             free_buffers_rest.push_back(b);
         }
-        for (ggml_cann_buffer &b : free_buffers_rest) {
+        for (ggml_cann_buffer & b : free_buffers_rest) {
             free_buffers.push(std::move(b));
         }
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d] free pool_size = %5u MB\n\n", device, (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d] free pool_size = %5u MB\n\n", device,
+                      (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
         if (ptr != nullptr) {
             return ptr;
@@ -338,8 +348,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
             "cann pool[%d]: allocate %p, "
             "pool_size = %5u MB, "
             "size = %5u MB\n",
-            device, ptr, (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-            (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+            device, ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+            (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
         buffer_pool.emplace(ptr, size);
         return ptr;
@@ -351,7 +361,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param ptr Pointer to the buffer to free.
      * @param size Size of the buffer to free.
      */
-    void free(void* ptr, size_t size) override {
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
         GGML_UNUSED(size);
         auto it = buffer_pool.find(ptr);
         if (it == buffer_pool.end()) {
@@ -359,13 +369,12 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf_prio : public ggml_cann_pool {
         }
 
         auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-        free_buffers.emplace(ggml_cann_buffer{ptr, it->second, now});
+        free_buffers.emplace(ggml_cann_buffer{ ptr, it->second, now });
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
         GGML_LOG_INFO(
             "cann pool[%d]: return   %p, "
             "pool_size = %5u MB\n",
-            device, ptr,
-            (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+            device, ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
     }
 };
@@ -384,7 +393,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief The minimum free margin for a buffer.
      */
-    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;   // 1MB
+    static const size_t min_free_margin = 1ull << 20;  // 1MB
 
     /**
      * @brief The alignment for buffer allocation.
@@ -410,10 +419,10 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @brief Structure representing a CANN buffer.
      */
     struct ggml_cann_buffer {
-        void* ptr = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer memory.
-        size_t size = 0;      ///< Size of the buffer.
-        bool used = false;    ///< Whether the buffer is currently in use.
-        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;  ///< Last used time.
+        void *                                ptr  = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the buffer memory.
+        size_t                                size = 0;        ///< Size of the buffer.
+        bool                                  used = false;    ///< Whether the buffer is currently in use.
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_used;       ///< Last used time.
     };
 
     /**
@@ -432,7 +441,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param device The device ID to associate with this buffer pool.
      */
     explicit ggml_cann_pool_buf(int device) : device(device) {
-        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
+        disable_clean = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN").value_or(""));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -441,7 +450,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
     ~ggml_cann_pool_buf() {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             if (b.ptr != nullptr) {
                 aclrtFree(b.ptr);
                 pool_size -= b.size;
@@ -458,18 +467,18 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * the allocated buffer.
      * @return A pointer to the allocated buffer.
      */
-    void* alloc(size_t size, size_t* actual_size) override {
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
         size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
         if (size == 0) {
             size = alignment;
         }
 
-        void* ptr = nullptr;
-        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        void * ptr = nullptr;
+        auto   now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
         int i = 0;
         for (; i < MAX_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             if (b.ptr == nullptr) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -481,25 +490,23 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
                 const size_t margin = b.size - size;
                 if (margin <= max_reuse_margin) {
                     *actual_size = b.size;
-                    b.used = true;
-                    ptr = b.ptr;
+                    b.used       = true;
+                    ptr          = b.ptr;
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
                     GGML_LOG_INFO(
                         "cann pool[%d]: reused   %p, "
                         "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                         "size = %5u MB, "
                         "margin = %5u MB\n",
-                        device, b.ptr,
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                        (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                        device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                        (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(margin, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
-            bool should_clean = !disable_clean &&
-                                b.size > min_free_margin &&
+            bool should_clean = !disable_clean && b.size > min_free_margin &&
                                 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - b.last_used).count() > 100;
             if (should_clean) {
                 // free the buffer if the size is needed to be freed
@@ -510,9 +517,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
                     "cann pool[%d]: clean    %p, "
                     "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                     "size = %5u MB\n",
-                    device, b.ptr,
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                    (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                    device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                    (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
                 b.ptr = nullptr;
             }
@@ -523,13 +529,13 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
 
         if (i < MAX_BUFFERS) {
             // allocate a new buffer if no buffer can be reused
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             ggml_cann_set_device(device);
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&b.ptr, size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
             pool_size += size;
             *actual_size = size;
-            b.size = size;
-            b.used = true;
+            b.size       = size;
+            b.used       = true;
             if (i >= MAX_BUFFERS - 8) {
                 GGML_LOG_WARN("cann pool[%d]: slots almost full\n", device);
             }
@@ -538,9 +544,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
                 "cann pool[%d]: allocate %p, "
                 "pool_size = %5u MB, "
                 "size = %5u MB\n",
-                device, b.ptr,
-                (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
-                (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576),
+                (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(b.size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
             return b.ptr;
         }
@@ -554,21 +559,20 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_buf : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param ptr Pointer to the buffer to free.
      * @param size Size of the buffer to free.
      */
-    void free(void* ptr, size_t size) override {
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
         GGML_UNUSED(size);
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-            ggml_cann_buffer& b = buffer_pool[i];
+            ggml_cann_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             if (b.ptr != ptr) {
                 continue;
             }
-            b.used = false;
+            b.used      = false;
             b.last_used = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
             GGML_LOG_INFO(
                 "cann pool[%d]: return   %p, "
                 "pool_size = %5u MB\n",
-                device, b.ptr,
-                (uint32_t)(GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
+                device, b.ptr, (uint32_t) (GGML_PAD(pool_size, 1048576) / 1048576));
 #endif
             return;
         }
@@ -596,7 +600,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief Pointer to the start of the virtual memory pool.
      */
-    void* pool_addr = 0;
+    void * pool_addr = 0;
 
     /**
      * @brief Amount of virtual memory used in the pool.
@@ -621,7 +625,7 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
     /**
      * @brief Offsets for the mapped memory regions.
      */
-    std::vector<void*> map_offsets;
+    std::vector<void *> map_offsets;
 
     /**
      * @brief Constructor to initialize the buffer pool with virtual memory for
@@ -629,11 +633,10 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      *
      * @param device The device ID to associate with this buffer pool.
      */
-    explicit ggml_cann_pool_vmm(int device)
-    : device(device) {
-        auto dev = ggml_cann_info().devices[device];
+    explicit ggml_cann_pool_vmm(int device) : device(device) {
+        auto dev    = ggml_cann_info().devices[device];
         granularity = dev.vmm_granularity;
-        max_size = dev.total_vram;
+        max_size    = dev.total_vram;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -641,10 +644,10 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      */
     ~ggml_cann_pool_vmm() {
         if (pool_addr != 0) {
-            for (auto& offset : map_offsets) {
+            for (auto & offset : map_offsets) {
                 ACL_CHECK(aclrtUnmapMem(offset));
             }
-            for (auto& handle : handles) {
+            for (auto & handle : handles) {
                 ACL_CHECK(aclrtFreePhysical(handle));
             }
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtReleaseMemAddress(pool_addr));
@@ -659,11 +662,11 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * the allocated buffer.
      * @return A pointer to the allocated buffer.
      */
-    void* alloc(size_t size, size_t* actual_size) override {
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
         // round up the allocation size to the alignment to ensure that all
         // allocations are aligned for all data types
         const size_t alignment = 128;
-        size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
+        size                   = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
         if (size == 0) {
             size = alignment;
         }
@@ -673,53 +676,51 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
         if (size > avail) {
             // round up to the next multiple of the granularity
             size_t reserve_size = size - avail;
-            reserve_size = GGML_PAD(reserve_size, granularity);
+            reserve_size        = GGML_PAD(reserve_size, granularity);
 
             GGML_ASSERT(pool_size + reserve_size <= max_size);
 
             // allocate more physical memory
             aclrtPhysicalMemProp prop = {};
-            prop.handleType = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
-            prop.allocationType = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
-            prop.memAttr = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
-            prop.location.type = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
-            prop.location.id = device;
-            prop.reserve = 0;
+            prop.handleType           = ACL_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_NONE;
+            prop.allocationType       = ACL_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED;
+            prop.memAttr              = ACL_HBM_MEM_HUGE;
+            prop.location.type        = ACL_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
+            prop.location.id          = device;
+            prop.reserve              = 0;
             aclrtDrvMemHandle handle;
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtMallocPhysical(&handle, reserve_size, &prop, 0));
 
             // reserve virtual address space (if not already reserved)
             if (pool_addr == 0) {
-                ACL_CHECK(aclrtReserveMemAddress(
-                    &pool_addr, max_size, 0, NULL, 1));
+                ACL_CHECK(aclrtReserveMemAddress(&pool_addr, max_size, 0, NULL, 1));
             }
 
             // map at the end of the pool
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMapMem((char*)pool_addr + pool_size, reserve_size, 0,
-                                  handle, 0));
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMapMem((char *) pool_addr + pool_size, reserve_size, 0, handle, 0));
 
             handles.push_back(handle);
-            map_offsets.push_back((char*)pool_addr + pool_size);
+            map_offsets.push_back((char *) pool_addr + pool_size);
 
             // add to the pool
             pool_size += reserve_size;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-             GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: size increased to %llu MB (reserved %llu MB)\n",
-                   device, (unsigned long long) (pool_size/1024/1024),
-                   (unsigned long long) (reserve_size/1024/1024));
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: size increased to %llu MB (reserved %llu MB)\n", device,
+                          (unsigned long long) (pool_size / 1024 / 1024),
+                          (unsigned long long) (reserve_size / 1024 / 1024));
 #endif
         }
 
         GGML_ASSERT(pool_addr != 0);
 
-        void* ptr = (void*)((char*)pool_addr + pool_used);
+        void * ptr   = (void *) ((char *) pool_addr + pool_used);
         *actual_size = size;
         pool_used += size;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: allocated %llu bytes at %llx\n", device,
-               (unsigned long long)size, (unsigned long long)ptr);
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: allocated %llu bytes at %llx\n", device, (unsigned long long) size,
+                      (unsigned long long) ptr);
 #endif
         return ptr;
     }
@@ -730,16 +731,16 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
      * @param ptr Pointer to the buffer to free.
      * @param size Size of the buffer to free.
      */
-    void free(void* ptr, size_t size) override {
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
 #ifdef DEBUG_CANN_MALLOC
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: freed %llu bytes at %llx\n", device,
-               (unsigned long long)size, (unsigned long long)ptr);
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("cann pool[%d]: freed %llu bytes at %llx\n", device, (unsigned long long) size,
+                      (unsigned long long) ptr);
 #endif
 
         pool_used -= size;
 
         // all deallocations must be in reverse order of the allocations
-        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == (void*)((char*)pool_addr + pool_used));
+        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == (void *) ((char *) pool_addr + pool_used));
     }
 };
 
@@ -751,9 +752,8 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_vmm : public ggml_cann_pool {
  * @param device The device ID for which to create the pool.
  * @return A unique pointer to the created CANN pool.
  */
-std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool> ggml_backend_cann_context::new_pool_for_device(
-    int device) {
-    std::string mem_pool_type = get_env("GGML_CANN_MEM_POOL").value_or("");
+std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool> ggml_backend_cann_context::new_pool_for_device(int device) {
+    std::string mem_pool_type = get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_MEM_POOL").value_or("");
 
     if (mem_pool_type == "prio") {
         GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d use buffer pool with priority queue\n", __func__, device);
@@ -777,9 +777,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_pool> ggml_backend_cann_context::new_pool_for_device(
  * ID, device pointer, and a name derived from GGML_CANN_NAME and the device ID.
  */
 struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context {
-    int32_t device;  ///< The device ID associated with this buffer context.
-    void* dev_ptr =
-        nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the device memory allocated for the buffer.
+    int32_t device;             ///< The device ID associated with this buffer context.
+    void *  dev_ptr = nullptr;  ///< Pointer to the device memory allocated for the buffer.
 
     /**
      * @brief Constructor to initialize the CANN buffer context.
@@ -787,9 +786,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context {
      * @param device The device ID associated with this buffer context.
      * @param dev_ptr Pointer to the device memory allocated for the buffer.
      */
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(int32_t device, void* dev_ptr)
-        : device(device),
-          dev_ptr(dev_ptr) {}
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(int32_t device, void * dev_ptr) : device(device), dev_ptr(dev_ptr) {}
 
     /**
      * @brief Destructor to free the device memory allocated for the buffer.
@@ -797,19 +794,44 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context {
     ~ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context() { ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(dev_ptr)); }
 };
 
+// cann buffer type
+/**
+ * @brief Structure representing context information for a specific backend
+ * buffer type.
+ */
+struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context {
+    int32_t     device; /**< Device identifier associated with the buffer context. */
+    std::string name;   /**< Name associated with the buffer context. */
+};
+
 /**
- * @brief Check if a buffer is a CANN buffer.
+ * @brief Retrieves the name associated with a CANN buffer type.
  *
- * This function checks if a given buffer is a CANN buffer by comparing its
- * `get_name` function pointer to `ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_name`.
+ * This function returns the descriptive name associated with the specified
+ * CANN buffer type context.
  *
- * @param buffer The buffer to check.
- * @return true if the buffer is a CANN buffer, false otherwise.
+ * @param buft Pointer to the buffer type context.
+ * @return Const pointer to the C-style string containing the name.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
-static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    return ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(buffer->buft);
+static const char * ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
+
+    return buft_ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Checks if the backend buffer type is associated with the CANN backend.
+ *
+ * This function checks whether the provided backend buffer type is associated
+ * with the CANN backend based on the comparison of its name retrieval function
+ * pointer.
+ *
+ * @param buft Pointer to the backend buffer type to check.
+ * @return bool Returns true if the buffer type is associated with the CANN
+ * backend, otherwise false.
+ */
+static bool ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -820,10 +842,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(
  *
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer to free.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_free_buffer(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     delete ctx;
 }
 
@@ -836,10 +856,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_free_buffer(
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer whose base pointer is to be retrieved.
  * @return A pointer to the base of the device memory allocated for the buffer.
  */
-static void* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_base(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void * ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     return ctx->dev_ptr;
 }
 
@@ -856,21 +874,17 @@ static void* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_base(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed data will be
  * stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
-                                             const void* src,
-                                             void* dst) {
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK4_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
 
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK4_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
-
-    uint8_t* quant_offset = (uint8_t*)dst;
-    uint16_t* scale_offset = (uint16_t*)((char*)dst + quant_bytes);
+    uint8_t *  quant_offset = (uint8_t *) dst;
+    uint16_t * scale_offset = (uint16_t *) ((char *) dst + quant_bytes);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        const block_q4_0* group =
-            (const block_q4_0*)((const char*)src + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
-        *scale_offset = group->d;
+        const block_q4_0 * group = (const block_q4_0 *) ((const char *) src + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+        *scale_offset            = group->d;
         scale_offset++;
 
         // 0-15
@@ -889,8 +903,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
     }
 
     // put (uint4b_t -8) into int4b_t
-    for (quant_offset = (uint8_t*)dst;
-         quant_offset < (uint8_t*)dst + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
+    for (quant_offset = (uint8_t *) dst; quant_offset < (uint8_t *) dst + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
         (*quant_offset) ^= 0x88;
     }
 }
@@ -908,29 +921,27 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where the Q4.0 formatted data
  * will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(
-    const ggml_tensor* tensor, void* src, void* dst) {
-
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK4_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK4_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
 
-    uint8_t* quant_offset = (uint8_t*)src;
-    uint16_t* scale_offset = (uint16_t*)((char*)src + quant_bytes);
+    uint8_t *  quant_offset = (uint8_t *) src;
+    uint16_t * scale_offset = (uint16_t *) ((char *) src + quant_bytes);
 
-    for (; quant_offset < (uint8_t*)src + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
+    for (; quant_offset < (uint8_t *) src + quant_bytes; quant_offset++) {
         (*quant_offset) ^= 0x88;
     }
-    quant_offset = (uint8_t*)src;
+    quant_offset = (uint8_t *) src;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        block_q4_0* group = (block_q4_0*)((char*)dst + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
-        group->d = *scale_offset;
+        block_q4_0 * group = (block_q4_0 *) ((char *) dst + i * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+        group->d           = *scale_offset;
         scale_offset++;
 
         // 0-15
         for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0 / 2; j += 2) {
-            group->qs[j] = ((*quant_offset) & 0x0F);
+            group->qs[j]     = ((*quant_offset) & 0x0F);
             group->qs[j + 1] = ((*quant_offset) >> 4);
             quant_offset++;
         }
@@ -957,20 +968,17 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed data will be
  * stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q8_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
-                                             const void* src,
-                                             void* dst) {
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK8_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q8_0(ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK8_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
 
-    uint8_t* quant_offset = (uint8_t*)dst;
-    uint16_t* scale_offset = (uint16_t*)((char*)dst + quant_bytes);
+    uint8_t *  quant_offset = (uint8_t *) dst;
+    uint16_t * scale_offset = (uint16_t *) ((char *) dst + quant_bytes);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        const block_q8_0* group =
-            (const block_q8_0*)((const char*)src + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
-        *scale_offset = group->d;
+        const block_q8_0 * group = (const block_q8_0 *) ((const char *) src + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
+        *scale_offset            = group->d;
         scale_offset++;
         size_t group_quant_size = QK8_0 * sizeof(uint8_t);
         memcpy(quant_offset, group->qs, group_quant_size);
@@ -991,19 +999,17 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_q8_0(ggml_tensor* tensor,
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where the Q8.0 formatted data
  * will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q8_0(
-    const ggml_tensor* tensor, const void* src, void* dst) {
-    int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(tensor);
-    int64_t groups = n_elems / QK8_0;
-    size_t quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q8_0(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
+    int64_t n_elems     = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    int64_t groups      = n_elems / QK8_0;
+    size_t  quant_bytes = n_elems * sizeof(uint8_t);
 
-    const uint8_t* quant_offset = (const uint8_t*)src;
-    const uint16_t* scale_offset =
-        (const uint16_t*)((const char*)src + quant_bytes);
+    const uint8_t *  quant_offset = (const uint8_t *) src;
+    const uint16_t * scale_offset = (const uint16_t *) ((const char *) src + quant_bytes);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
-        block_q8_0* group = (block_q8_0*)((char*)dst + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
-        group->d = *scale_offset;
+        block_q8_0 * group = (block_q8_0 *) ((char *) dst + i * sizeof(block_q8_0));
+        group->d           = *scale_offset;
         scale_offset++;
         size_t group_quant_size = QK8_0 * sizeof(uint8_t);
         memcpy(group->qs, quant_offset, group_quant_size);
@@ -1023,8 +1029,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q8_0(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed data will be
  * stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform(ggml_tensor* tensor,
-                                        const void* src, void* dst) {
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform(ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * src, void * dst) {
     switch (tensor->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
             ggml_backend_cann_transform_q4_0(tensor, src, dst);
@@ -1049,8 +1054,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_transform(ggml_tensor* tensor,
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination buffer where transformed tensor data
  * will be stored.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back(
-    const ggml_tensor* tensor, void* src, void* dst) {
+static void ggml_backend_cann_transform_back(const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * src, void * dst) {
     switch (tensor->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
             ggml_backend_cann_transform_back_q4_0(tensor, src, dst);
@@ -1091,8 +1095,7 @@ static bool need_transform(ggml_type type) {
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer from which to initialize the tensor.
  * @param tensor Pointer to the tensor to be initialized.
  */
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor* tensor) {
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     if (tensor->view_src != NULL && tensor->view_offs == 0) {
         GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer->buft == buffer->buft);
         return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
@@ -1103,18 +1106,105 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(
     if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
         // Initialize padding to 0 to avoid possible NaN values
         size_t original_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-        size_t padded_size =
-            ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buffer->buft, tensor);
+        size_t padded_size   = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buffer->buft, tensor);
 
         if (padded_size > original_size && tensor->view_src == nullptr) {
             size_t memset_size = padded_size - original_size;
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemset((char*)tensor->data + original_size,
-                                  memset_size, 0, memset_size));
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemset((char *) tensor->data + original_size, memset_size, 0, memset_size));
         }
     }
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Workspace for caching NZ buffers per device.
+ *
+ * This struct manages a device buffer used in NZ computations. It supports
+ * allocation, reallocation, and clearing of cached memory. The struct is
+ * designed to be used with a global array, one per device.
+ */
+struct ggml_cann_nz_workspace {
+    void * ptr;        // Pointer to allocated device buffer
+    size_t allocated;  // Size of currently allocated buffer in bytes
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Constructor. Initializes the workspace with no allocated memory.
+     */
+    ggml_cann_nz_workspace() : ptr(nullptr), allocated(0) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Free cached memory and reset the workspace.
+     *
+     * If a buffer has been allocated, this function releases it using
+     * aclrtFree and resets internal state.
+     */
+    void clear() {
+        if (ptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ptr));
+            ptr       = nullptr;
+            allocated = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Allocate or reallocate the workspace buffer.
+     *
+     * If the requested size is larger than the currently allocated size,
+     * the old buffer will be freed and a new buffer of the requested size
+     * will be allocated on the device.
+     *
+     * @param new_size Size in bytes to allocate for the workspace.
+     */
+    void realloc(size_t new_size) {
+        if (new_size > allocated) {
+            clear();
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&ptr, new_size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+            allocated = new_size;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the device buffer pointer.
+     *
+     * @return Pointer to the allocated buffer, or nullptr if not allocated.
+     */
+    void * get() const { return ptr; }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Global array of NZ workspaces, one per device.
+ */
+static ggml_cann_nz_workspace g_nz_workspaces[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
+
+/**
+ * @brief Convert tensor weights to NZ format using Ascend CANN API.
+ *
+ * This function creates a transposed tensor descriptor and performs the
+ * TransMatmulWeight operation. Converting tensor formats can significantly
+ * improve performance on certain hardware.
+ *
+ * @param tensor Pointer to the input ggml_tensor containing the weights.
+ * @param offset Byte offset within the tensor data buffer where weights start.
+ * @param device device id.
+ *
+ * @note The workspace buffer used in this function is managed globally and reused
+ *       across calls. This reduces overhead from repeated memory allocation and deallocation.
+ */
+static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, int device) {
+    acl_tensor_ptr weightTransposed = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor, tensor->ne, tensor->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
+    uint64_t       workspaceSize    = 0;
+    aclOpExecutor * executor;
+
+    // TransMatmulWeight
+    ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeightGetWorkspaceSize(weightTransposed.get(), &workspaceSize, &executor));
+    // Avoid frequent malloc/free of the workspace.
+    g_nz_workspaces[device].realloc(workspaceSize);
+
+    void * g_nz_workspace = g_nz_workspaces[device].get();
+
+    ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeight(g_nz_workspace, workspaceSize, executor, nullptr));
+}
+
 // TODO: need handle tensor which has paddings.
 /**
  * @brief Set tensor data in a CANN buffer.
@@ -1128,27 +1218,32 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(
  * @param offset Offset in the source data from where to start copying.
  * @param size Size of the data to be copied, in bytes.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor *tensor, const void *data,
-    size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                ggml_tensor *         tensor,
+                                                const void *          data,
+                                                size_t                offset,
+                                                size_t                size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
     // TODO: refer to cann(#6017), it use thread's default stream.
     // For acl, synchronous functions use this default stream.
     // Why aclrtSynchronizeDevice?
 
+    // Only check env once.
+    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
     if (!need_transform(tensor->type)) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, size, data, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, size, data, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
+        if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor *) tensor)) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
+            weight_format_to_nz(tensor, offset, ctx->device);
+        }
     } else {
-        void *transform_buffer = malloc(size);
+        void * transform_buffer = malloc(size);
         ggml_backend_cann_transform(tensor, data, transform_buffer);
 
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, size,
-                              transform_buffer, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, size, transform_buffer, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
         free(transform_buffer);
     }
 }
@@ -1166,22 +1261,20 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(
  * @param offset Offset in the destination buffer where to start copying.
  * @param size Size of the data to be copied, in bytes.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor* tensor, void* data,
-    size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                const ggml_tensor *   tensor,
+                                                void *                data,
+                                                size_t                offset,
+                                                size_t                size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
 
     if (!need_transform(tensor->type)) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(data, size, (char*)tensor->data + offset, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(data, size, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
     } else {
-        void* transform_buffer = malloc(size);
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(transform_buffer, size,
-                              (char*)tensor->data + offset, size,
-                              ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
+        void * transform_buffer = malloc(size);
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy(transform_buffer, size, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST));
         ggml_backend_cann_transform_back(tensor, transform_buffer, data);
         free(transform_buffer);
     }
@@ -1200,31 +1293,31 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_get_tensor(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination tensor where the data will be copied.
  * @return true if the copy operation succeeded, false otherwise.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor* src, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(src->buffer)) {
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* src_ctx =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)src->buffer->context;
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* dst_ctx =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                const ggml_tensor *   src,
+                                                ggml_tensor *         dst) {
+    if (ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(src->buffer->buft)) {
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * src_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) src->buffer->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * dst_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
         size_t memcpy_size = ggml_nbytes(src);
         // Same device.
         if (src_ctx->device == dst_ctx->device) {
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char*)dst->data, memcpy_size,
-                                  (const char*)src->data, memcpy_size,
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) dst->data, memcpy_size, (const char *) src->data, memcpy_size,
                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE));
             return true;
         } else {
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+            // TODO: Support 310p P2P copy
+            return false;
+#endif
             // Different device but can access by peer.
             int32_t canAccessPeer = 0;
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, src_ctx->device,
-                                               dst_ctx->device));
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, src_ctx->device, dst_ctx->device));
             if (canAccessPeer) {
                 ggml_cann_set_device(src_ctx->device);
                 ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(dst_ctx->device, 0));
-                ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char*)dst->data, memcpy_size,
-                                      (const char*)src->data, memcpy_size,
+                ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *) dst->data, memcpy_size, (const char *) src->data, memcpy_size,
                                       ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE));
                 return true;
             }
@@ -1242,10 +1335,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(
  * @param buffer The CANN buffer to be cleared.
  * @param value The value to which each byte in the buffer will be set.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_clear(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buffer->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemset(ctx->dev_ptr, buffer->size, value, buffer->size));
@@ -1269,34 +1360,6 @@ static const ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_cann_buffer_interface = {
     /* .reset           = */ NULL,
 };
 
-// cann buffer type
-/**
- * @brief Structure representing context information for a specific backend
- * buffer type.
- */
-struct ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context {
-    int32_t
-        device; /**< Device identifier associated with the buffer context. */
-    std::string name; /**< Name associated with the buffer context. */
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Retrieves the name associated with a CANN buffer type.
- *
- * This function returns the descriptive name associated with the specified
- * CANN buffer type context.
- *
- * @param buft Pointer to the buffer type context.
- * @return Const pointer to the C-style string containing the name.
- */
-static const char* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context* buft_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context*)buft->context;
-
-    return buft_ctx->name.c_str();
-}
-
 /**
  * @brief Allocates a new CANN buffer of the specified type and size.
  *
@@ -1307,34 +1370,27 @@ static const char* ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name(
  * @param size Size in bytes of the buffer to allocate.
  * @return Pointer to the allocated buffer, or nullptr if allocation fails.
  */
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t
-ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
-                                           size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context* buft_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context*)buft->context;
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(buft_ctx->device);
 
     const size_t alignment = 128;
-    size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
+    size                   = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
     if (size == 0) {
         size = alignment;
     }
-    void* dev_ptr;
+    void *   dev_ptr;
     aclError err = aclrtMalloc(&dev_ptr, size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST);
     if (err != ACL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR(
-            "%s: allocating %.2f MiB on device %d: aclrtMalloc failed: %s\n",
-            __func__, size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, buft_ctx->device,
-            aclGetRecentErrMsg());
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: allocating %.2f MiB on device %d: aclrtMalloc failed: %s\n", __func__,
+                       size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, buft_ctx->device, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* ctx =
-        new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(buft_ctx->device, dev_ptr);
+    ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context(buft_ctx->device, dev_ptr);
 
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_cann_buffer_interface,
-                                    ctx, size);
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_cann_buffer_interface, ctx, size);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1349,8 +1405,7 @@ ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
  * @return The alignment requirement in bytes (fixed at 128 bytes for CANN
  * buffers).
  */
-static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alignment(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     return 128;
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
@@ -1370,10 +1425,13 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alignment(
  * @return The total allocation size in bytes required for the tensor in the
  * CANN buffer.
  */
-static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor* tensor) {
-    size_t size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
-    int64_t ne0 = tensor->ne[0];
+static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                           const ggml_tensor *        tensor) {
+    size_t  size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+    int64_t ne0  = tensor->ne[0];
+
+    // Only check env once.
+    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
 
     // last line must bigger than 32, because every single op deal at
     // least 32 bytes.
@@ -1381,14 +1439,21 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(
     // int64_t line_size = ne0 * ggml_element_size(tensor);
     // int64_t line_size_align_32 = (line_size + 31) & ~31;
     // size += (line_size_align_32 - line_size);
-
-    // TODO: not support quantized yet.
-    // TODO: consider un-continue tensor.
     if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
         if (ne0 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING != 0) {
-            size += ggml_row_size(
-                tensor->type, MATRIX_ROW_PADDING - ne0 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING);
+            size += ggml_row_size(tensor->type, MATRIX_ROW_PADDING - ne0 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING);
         }
+    } else if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor *) tensor)) {
+        // NZ format weight are not support quantized yet.
+        // If ND tensor transform to NZ, size may changed.
+        int64_t shape[] = { tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[0] };
+        GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
+        const aclIntArray * acl_shape = aclCreateIntArray(shape, 2);
+        size_t              new_size;
+        ACL_CHECK(aclnnCalculateMatmulWeightSizeV2(acl_shape, ggml_cann_type_mapping(tensor->type), &new_size));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyIntArray(acl_shape));
+        size = std::max(size, new_size);
     }
 
     return size;
@@ -1427,17 +1492,15 @@ static const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_interface
  * @return A pointer to the buffer type interface for the specified device, or
  * nullptr if the device index is out of range.
  */
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t
-ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(int32_t device) {
-    static std::mutex mutex;
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(int32_t device) {
+    static std::mutex           mutex;
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
 
     if (device >= ggml_backend_cann_get_device_count()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    static ggml_backend_buffer_type
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_types[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
+    static ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_cann_buffer_types[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
 
     static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_initialized = false;
 
@@ -1447,8 +1510,7 @@ ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(int32_t device) {
                 /* .iface    = */ ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_interface,
                 /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), i),
                 /* .context  = */
-                 new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context{
-                    i, "CANN" + std::to_string(i)},
+                new ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context{ i, "CANN" + std::to_string(i) },
             };
         }
         ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_initialized = true;
@@ -1512,16 +1574,16 @@ static void * ggml_cann_host_malloc(size_t size) {
     }
 
     const size_t alignment = 128;
-    size = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
+    size                   = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
     if (size == 0) {
         size = alignment;
     }
 
-    void * hostPtr = nullptr;
-    aclError err = aclrtMallocHost((void **) &hostPtr, size);
+    void *   hostPtr = nullptr;
+    aclError err     = aclrtMallocHost((void **) &hostPtr, size);
     if (err != ACL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: failed to allocate %.2f MiB of pinned memory: %s\n", __func__,
-                           size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, aclGetRecentErrMsg());
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: failed to allocate %.2f MiB of pinned memory: %s\n", __func__, size / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
+                      aclGetRecentErrMsg());
         return nullptr;
     }
     return hostPtr;
@@ -1534,7 +1596,8 @@ static void * ggml_cann_host_malloc(size_t size) {
  * @param size Size in bytes of the host buffer to allocate.
  * @return Pointer to the allocated host buffer, or CPU buffer pointer if allocation fails.
  */
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                                             size_t                     size) {
     void * hostPtr = ggml_cann_host_malloc(size);
 
     if (hostPtr == nullptr) {
@@ -1543,8 +1606,8 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggm
     }
 
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_from_ptr(hostPtr, size);
-    buffer->buft = buft;
-    buffer->iface.free_buffer = ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_free;
+    buffer->buft                 = buft;
+    buffer->iface.free_buffer    = ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_free;
 
     return buffer;
 }
@@ -1558,14 +1621,15 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggm
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type() {
     static struct ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_host = {
         /* .iface    = */ {
-            /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_name,
-            /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
-            /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.get_alignment,
-            /* .get_max_size     = */ NULL, // defaults to SIZE_MAX
+                           /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_name,
+                           /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+                           /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.get_alignment,
+                           /* .get_max_size     = */ NULL,  // defaults to SIZE_MAX
             /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.get_alloc_size,
-            /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.is_host,
-        },
-        /* .device   = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), 0),
+                           /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.is_host,
+                           },
+        /* .device   = */
+        ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), 0),
         /* .context  = */ nullptr,
     };
 
@@ -1585,8 +1649,7 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type() {
  * stored.
  * @return true if the computation was successful; false otherwise.
  */
-static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                                      struct ggml_tensor* dst) {
+static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
     switch (dst->op) {
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
             ggml_cann_repeat(ctx, dst);
@@ -1594,6 +1657,9 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
         case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
             ggml_cann_get_rows(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            ggml_cann_set_rows(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
             ggml_cann_dup(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -1616,48 +1682,50 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
         case GGML_OP_UNARY:
             switch (ggml_get_unary_op(dst)) {
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Abs);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Abs);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Neg);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Neg);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Gelu);
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
+                    // aclnnGelu internally uses the erf-based approximation.
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Gelu);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Silu);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Silu);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
+                    {
+                        auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+                            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GeluV2, acl_src, 0, acl_dst);
+                        };
+                        ggml_cann_op_unary(lambda, ctx, dst);
+                    }
                     break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK: {
-                    auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
-                        aclTensor* acl_src,
-                        aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-                        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GeluV2, acl_src, 0, acl_dst);
-                    };
-                    ggml_cann_unary_op(lambda, ctx, dst);
-                } break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Tanh);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Tanh);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Relu);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Relu);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Sigmoid);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Sigmoid);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Hardsigmoid);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Hardsigmoid);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Hardswish);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Hardswish);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Exp);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Exp);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
                     ggml_cann_elu(ctx, dst);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
-                    GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Sign);
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Sign);
                     break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
                     ggml_cann_step(ctx, dst);
@@ -1666,12 +1734,43 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
                     return false;
             }
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(dst)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY_GATED(Relu);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                    // aclnnGelu internally uses the erf-based approximation.
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY_GATED(Gelu);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                    GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY_GATED(Silu);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    {
+                        auto lambda = [](ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor * acl_dst) {
+                            GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GeluV2, acl_src, 0, acl_dst);
+                        };
+                        ggml_cann_op_unary_gated(lambda, ctx, dst);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_NORM:
             ggml_cann_norm(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
             ggml_cann_group_norm(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            ggml_cann_l2_norm(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
+            ggml_cann_cross_entropy_loss(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
             ggml_cann_concat(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -1708,7 +1807,7 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
             ggml_cann_binary_op<aclnn_mul>(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_SQRT:
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Sqrt);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Sqrt);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
             ggml_cann_clamp(ctx, dst);
@@ -1753,16 +1852,16 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
             ggml_cann_argmax(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_COS:
-            ggml_cann_unary_op<aclnn_cos>(ctx, dst);
+            ggml_cann_op_unary<aclnn_cos>(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_SIN:
-            ggml_cann_unary_op<aclnn_sin>(ctx, dst);
+            ggml_cann_op_unary<aclnn_sin>(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
             ggml_cann_conv_transpose_1d(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_LOG:
-            GGML_CANN_CALL_UNARY_OP(Log);
+            GGML_CANN_CALL_OP_UNARY(Log);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_MEAN:
             ggml_cann_mean(ctx, dst);
@@ -1776,6 +1875,15 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
             ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_OUT_PROD:
+            ggml_cann_out_prod(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
+            ggml_cann_gated_linear_attn(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            ggml_cann_ssm_conv(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -1793,9 +1901,8 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend structure.
  * @return A pointer to a constant string representing the backend name.
  */
-static const char* ggml_backend_cann_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
+static const char * ggml_backend_cann_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
 
     return cann_ctx->name.c_str();
 }
@@ -1809,8 +1916,7 @@ static const char* ggml_backend_cann_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend structure to be freed.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeDevice());
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtResetDevice(cann_ctx->device));
 
@@ -1818,7 +1924,6 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     delete backend;
 }
 
-
 /**
  * @brief Sets tensor data asynchronously in the CANN backend.
  *
@@ -1831,21 +1936,18 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
  * @param size Size of the data to copy in bytes.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend,
-                                               ggml_tensor *tensor,
-                                               const void *data,
-                                               size_t offset,
-                                               size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context *cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context *)backend->context;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf =
-        tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) &&
-        "unsupported buffer type");
+                                               ggml_tensor *  tensor,
+                                               const void *   data,
+                                               size_t         offset,
+                                               size_t         size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t       buf      = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) && "unsupported buffer type");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type));
 
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(cann_ctx, (char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size,
-        ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE);
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync((char *) tensor->data + offset, size, data, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE,
+                               cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1859,21 +1961,19 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend,
  * @param offset Offset in bytes within the host data.
  * @param size Size of the data to copy in bytes.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_get_tensor_async(
-    ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor *tensor, void *data,
-    size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context *cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context *)backend->context;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf =
-        tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) &&
-                "unsupported buffer type");
+static void ggml_backend_cann_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t      backend,
+                                               const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                               void *              data,
+                                               size_t              offset,
+                                               size_t              size) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t       buf      = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) && "unsupported buffer type");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type));
 
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(cann_ctx, data, (char *)tensor->data + offset, size,
-        ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST);
-
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(data, size, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST,
+                               cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1889,62 +1989,67 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_get_tensor_async(
  * @param dst Pointer to the destination tensor to copy data to.
  * @return true if the copy operation succeeds, false otherwise.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
-    ggml_backend_t backend_src, ggml_backend_t backend_dst,
-    const ggml_tensor* src, ggml_tensor* dst) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_src) ||
-                ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_dst));
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t      backend_src,
+                                               ggml_backend_t      backend_dst,
+                                               const ggml_tensor * src,
+                                               ggml_tensor *       dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_src) || ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_dst));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor *) src));
 
-    if (!ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(src->buffer) ||
-        !ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(dst->buffer)) {
+    if (!ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(src->buffer->buft) || !ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(dst->buffer->buft)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_src =
-        src->view_src ? src->view_src->buffer : src->buffer;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_dst =
-        dst->view_src ? dst->view_src->buffer : dst->buffer;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_src = src->view_src ? src->view_src->buffer : src->buffer;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_dst = dst->view_src ? dst->view_src->buffer : dst->buffer;
 
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx_src =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend_src->context;
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx_dst =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend_dst->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx_src = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend_src->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx_dst = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend_dst->context;
 
     size_t copy_size = ggml_nbytes(dst);
+    if (copy_size == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
     if (backend_src != backend_dst) {
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* buf_ctx_src =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buf_src->context;
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* buf_ctx_dst =
-            (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buf_dst->context;
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+        // TODO: Support 310p P2P copy
+        return false;
+#endif
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * buf_ctx_src = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buf_src->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context * buf_ctx_dst = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context *) buf_dst->context;
 
         GGML_ASSERT(cann_ctx_src->device == buf_ctx_src->device);
         GGML_ASSERT(cann_ctx_dst->device == buf_ctx_dst->device);
 
         int32_t canAccessPeer = 0;
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, cann_ctx_src->device,
-                                           cann_ctx_dst->device));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, cann_ctx_src->device, cann_ctx_dst->device));
         if (!canAccessPeer) {
             return false;
         }
 
         // need open both directions for memcpyasync between devices.
-        ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx_dst->device);
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(cann_ctx_src->device, 0));
         ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx_src->device);
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(cann_ctx_dst->device, 0));
 
         // wait for task_queue empty to keep task order.
-        cann_ctx_src->task_queue.wait();
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size,
-                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
                                    cann_ctx_src->stream()));
-
-        //TODO: workaround for Event didn`t work here.
-        aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx_src->stream());
+        // record event on src stream after the copy
+        // TODO: this event is not effective with acl graph mode, change to use aclrtSynchronizeStream
+        // if (!cann_ctx_src->copy_event) {
+        //     ACL_CHECK(aclrtCreateEventWithFlag(&cann_ctx_src->copy_event, ACL_EVENT_SYNC));
+        // }
+        // ACL_CHECK(aclrtRecordEvent(cann_ctx_src->copy_event, cann_ctx_src->stream()));
+
+        // // wait on dst stream for the copy to complete
+        // ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx_dst->device);
+        // ACL_CHECK(aclrtStreamWaitEvent(cann_ctx_dst->stream(), cann_ctx_src->copy_event));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx_src->stream()));
     } else {
         // src and dst are on the same backend
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size,
-                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
                                    cann_ctx_dst->stream()));
     }
 
@@ -1960,13 +2065,114 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend structure to synchronize.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
-    cann_ctx->task_queue.wait();
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx->device);
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Check if CANN backend can fuse the specified operation sequence
+ *
+ * This function determines whether an operation sequence starting from the specified node
+ * can be fused into an optimized operation in the CANN backend. Operation fusion can reduce
+ * memory access overhead and improve computational efficiency.
+ *
+ * @param cgraph Pointer to the computation graph
+ * @param node_idx Index of the starting node in the computation graph
+ * @param ops Sequence of operation types to check for fusion
+ * @return true if the operations can be fused
+ * @return false if the operations cannot be fused
+ */
+static bool ggml_cann_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph *          cgraph,
+                               int                                 node_idx,
+                               std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> ops) {
+    if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, ops)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // CANN backend supports fusing ADD + RMS_NORM operations
+    if ((ops.size() == 2) && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_ADD && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+        ggml_tensor * add_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        // TODO: support broadcast for ADD + RMS_NORM
+        if (add_node->src[0]->ne[0] != add_node->src[1]->ne[0] || add_node->src[0]->ne[1] != add_node->src[1]->ne[1] ||
+            add_node->src[0]->ne[2] != add_node->src[1]->ne[2] || add_node->src[0]->ne[3] != add_node->src[1]->ne[3]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Evaluate the computation graph and optionally capture or execute it using CANN graph API.
+ *
+ * If CANN graph execution is enabled and graph capture is required, this function begins
+ * graph capture, runs the graph, ends capture, and stores the captured graph.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, it falls back to op-by-op execution using the CANN compute kernel dispatcher.
+ *
+ * @param cann_ctx                     The CANN backend context.
+ * @param cgraph                       The ggml computation graph.
+ * @param use_cann_graph               Whether to use CANN graph execution.
+ * @param cann_graph_capture_required  Whether graph capture is needed due to graph changes.
+ */
+static void evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx,
+                                            ggml_cgraph *               cgraph,
+                                            bool                        use_cann_graph,
+                                            bool                        cann_graph_capture_required) {
+#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
+    if (use_cann_graph && cann_graph_capture_required) {  // Begin CANN graph capture
+        ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRICaptureBegin(cann_ctx->stream(), ACL_MODEL_RI_CAPTURE_MODE_GLOBAL));
+    }
+#endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
+    // Only perform the graph execution if CANN graphs are not enabled, or we are capturing the graph.
+    // With the use of CANN graphs, the execution will be performed by the graph launch.
+    static bool opt_fusion = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_OPERATOR_FUSION").value_or(""));
+
+    if (!use_cann_graph || cann_graph_capture_required) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+            ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+            if (opt_fusion) {
+                if (ggml_cann_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_ADD, GGML_OP_RMS_NORM })) {
+                    ggml_cann_op_add_rms_norm_fused(*cann_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i + 1]);
+                    i++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE ||
+                node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            bool ok = ggml_cann_compute_forward(*cann_ctx, node);
+            if (!ok) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: op not supported %s (%s)\n", __func__, node->name, ggml_op_name(node->op));
+            }
+            GGML_ASSERT(ok);
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
+    if (use_cann_graph) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(!cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.cache_list.empty());
+        ggml_cann_graph * matched_graph = cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.cache_list.front();
+
+        if (cann_graph_capture_required) {  // End CANN graph capture
+            ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRICaptureEnd(cann_ctx->stream(), &matched_graph->graph));
+        }
+
+        // Execute CANN graph
+        ACL_CHECK(aclmdlRIExecuteAsync(matched_graph->graph, cann_ctx->stream()));
+    }
+#endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief Computes a computational graph using a CANN backend.
  *
@@ -1979,28 +2185,50 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
  * @return enum ggml_status Returns GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS if computation
  *         completes successfully, otherwise an appropriate error status.
  */
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(
-    ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph* cgraph) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
-
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx->device);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-        ggml_tensor* node = cgraph->nodes[i];
-
-        if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
-            continue;
+    g_nz_workspaces[cann_ctx->device].clear();
+
+    // calculate rope cache for fist layer in current device.
+    cann_ctx->rope_cache.cached = false;
+
+    bool graph_capture_required = false;
+#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
+    bool use_cann_graph = true;
+
+    static bool prefill_use_graph = parse_bool(get_env_as_lowercase("GGML_CANN_PREFILL_USE_GRAPH").value_or(""));
+    if (!prefill_use_graph) {
+        // Do not use acl_graph for prefill.
+        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+            ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+            // TODO: Optimize here. Currently, we can only
+            // get seq_len by FA's input.
+            if (node->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT) {
+                // Q -> src[0], shape: [B, S, N, D]
+                use_cann_graph = (node->src[0]->ne[1] == 1);
+                break;
+            }
         }
+    }
 
-        bool ok = ggml_cann_compute_forward(*cann_ctx, node);
+    if (!cann_ctx->acl_graph_mode) {
+        use_cann_graph = false;
+    }
 
-        if (!ok) {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: op not supported %s (%s)\n", __func__,
-                    node->name, ggml_op_name(node->op));
+    if (use_cann_graph) {
+        // If no matching graph is found, the graph needs to be recaptured.
+        graph_capture_required = !cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.find_and_move_to_front(cgraph);
+        if (graph_capture_required) {
+            // If no matching graph is found, add a new ACL graph.
+            ggml_cann_graph * new_graph = ggml_cann_graph::create_from_cgraph(cgraph);
+            cann_ctx->graph_lru_cache.push(new_graph);
         }
-        GGML_ASSERT(ok);
     }
+#else
+    bool use_cann_graph = false;
+#endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
+    evaluate_and_capture_cann_graph(cann_ctx, cgraph, use_cann_graph, graph_capture_required);
 
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -2017,8 +2245,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(
  * @return bool Returns true if the operation is supported by the backend,
  *              otherwise false.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
-                                                    const ggml_tensor* op) {
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
     switch (op->op) {
         case GGML_OP_UNARY:
             switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
@@ -2036,28 +2263,41 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
                     return true;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT: {
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
                     return true;
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P
-                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not suppor on 310p device
-                    return false;
-#endif
-                    // only support contiguous for quantized types.
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
-                            ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
-        }
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                        return true;
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+                        // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
+                        return false;
+#endif
+                        // only support contiguous for quantized types.
+                        return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
             switch (op->src[0]->type) {
                 case GGML_TYPE_F16:
@@ -2066,106 +2306,112 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not suppor on 310p device
+                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
                     return false;
 #endif
                     // only support contiguous for quantized types.
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
-                            ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
         // embedding
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS: {
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                    return true;
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-        } break;
-        case GGML_OP_CPY: {
-            ggml_tensor *src = op->src[0];
-            if ((op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
-                  (src->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
-                    src->type != GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
-                // only support F32 and F16.
-                return false;
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            {
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
-
-            if (!ggml_are_same_shape(op, src) && !ggml_is_contiguous(op)) {
-                // unsupport dst is not contiguous.
-                return false;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                switch (op->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
-
-            return true;
-        } break;
-        case GGML_OP_CONT: {
-            // TODO: support GGML_TYPE_BF16
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                    return true;
-                default:
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * src = op->src[0];
+                if ((op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
+                    (src->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && src->type != GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
+                    // only support F32 and F16.
                     return false;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
-            // TODO: with ops-test v == 1
-            float ext_factor = 0.0f;
-            memcpy(&ext_factor, (const float *) op->op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
-            // TODO: n_dims <= ne0
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] != op->op_params[1]) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            // TODO: ext_factor != 0
-            if (ext_factor != 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
-            if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if(!ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])){
-                return false;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            {
+                // TODO: support GGML_TYPE_BF16
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
-            return true;
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE: {
-            // aclnnUpsampleNearest2dGetWorkspaceSize not support
-            // selfDimN[2]/outDimN[2] or selfDimC[3]/outDimC[3] not equal
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[2] * op->ne[3] != op->src[0]->ne[3] * op->ne[2]) {
-                return false;
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            {
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[0] > 896) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+                // TODO: Support rope_dim < ne00(dim)
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[0] != op->op_params[1]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+#endif
+                return true;
             }
-            if (op->op_params[0] != GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
-                return false;
+        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
+            {
+                // aclnnUpsampleNearest2dGetWorkspaceSize not support
+                // selfDimN[2]/outDimN[2] or selfDimC[3]/outDimC[3] not equal
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[2] * op->ne[3] != op->src[0]->ne[3] * op->ne[2]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->op_params[0] != GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->op_params[0] & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
-            return true;
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D: {
-            const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *) op->op_params;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            {
+                const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *) op->op_params;
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-            enum ggml_op_pool opt = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(opts[0]);
-            if(opt == GGML_OP_POOL_MAX){
-                return false;
-            }
+                enum ggml_op_pool opt = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(opts[0]);
+                if (opt == GGML_OP_POOL_MAX) {
+                    return false;
+                }
 #endif
-            const int       k0   = opts[1];
-            const int       k1   = opts[2];
-            const int       p0   = opts[5];
-            const int       p1   = opts[6];
-            // value of paddingH should be at most half of kernelH
-            // value of paddingW should be at most half of kernelW
-            return (p0 <= (k0 / 2)) && (p1 <= (k1 / 2));
-        }
+                const int k0 = opts[1];
+                const int k1 = opts[2];
+                const int p0 = opts[5];
+                const int p1 = opts[6];
+                // value of paddingH should be at most half of kernelH
+                // value of paddingW should be at most half of kernelW
+                return (p0 <= (k0 / 2)) && (p1 <= (k1 / 2));
+            }
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
@@ -2182,61 +2428,94 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
         case GGML_OP_MUL:
         case GGML_OP_DIV:
         case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
         case GGML_OP_SQR:
         case GGML_OP_SQRT:
         case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
         case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            // TODO: add circular padding support for cann, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16985
+            return ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 8) == 0;
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
         case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
         case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
         case GGML_OP_COS:
         case GGML_OP_SIN:
-        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
         case GGML_OP_LOG:
         case GGML_OP_MEAN:
         case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
         case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
             return true;
-        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:{
-            // derived from [ggml-cuda.cu]
-            if(op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[2]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16){
-                return false;
-            }
-            if(op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16){
-                return false;
-            }
-            if(op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16){
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[1]->ne[0] != op->src[2]->ne[0]) {
-                // different head sizes of K and V are not supported yet
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 192) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 576) {
-                // DeepSeek MLA
+        case GGML_OP_OUT_PROD:
+            {
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+                // Ger is not supported on 310p device
                 return false;
+#endif
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
             }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[3] != 1) {
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            float bias;
+            memcpy(&bias, (const float *) (op->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
+            return bias == 0.0f;  // TODO: support bias != 0.0f
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+            // TODO: support attention sinks [TAG_ATTN_SINKS]
+            if (op->src[2]) {
                 return false;
             }
-            float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
-            memcpy(&logitSoftcap,  (float*)op->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
-            if(logitSoftcap != 0.0f) {
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            {
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+                // FA not support on 310p device
                 return false;
+#endif
+                // derived from [ggml-cuda.cu]
+                if (op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[2]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                    op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // TODO: support attention sinks [TAG_ATTN_SINKS]
+                if (op->src[4]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->src[1]->ne[0] != op->src[2]->ne[0]) {
+                    // different head sizes of K and V are not supported yet
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[0] % 16 != 0) {
+                    // TODO: padding to support
+                    return false;
+                }
+                float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
+                memcpy(&logitSoftcap, (const float *) (op->op_params) + 2, sizeof(float));
+                if (logitSoftcap != 0.0f) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
             return true;
-        }
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -2244,43 +2523,6 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
 
-/**
- * @brief Checks if the backend buffer type is associated with the CANN backend.
- *
- * This function checks whether the provided backend buffer type is associated
- * with the CANN backend based on the comparison of its name retrieval function
- * pointer.
- *
- * @param buft Pointer to the backend buffer type to check.
- * @return bool Returns true if the buffer type is associated with the CANN
- * backend, otherwise false.
- */
-static bool ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_name;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Determines if a tensor operation should be offloaded to the CANN
- * backend.
- *
- * This function checks if a given tensor operation should be offloaded to the
- * CANN backend based on the operation type and the size of the tensor. It
- * returns true if the second dimension (ne[1]) of the tensor is greater than or
- * equal to the minimum batch size and the operation is not GGML_OP_GET_ROWS.
- *
- * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend.
- * @param op Pointer to the tensor operation to check.
- * @return bool Returns true if the operation should be offloaded, otherwise
- * false.
- */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
-                                                   const ggml_tensor* op) {
-    const int min_batch_size = 32;
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-
-    return op->ne[1] >= min_batch_size && op->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS;
-}
-
 /**
  * @brief Records an event on the CANN backend stream.
  *
@@ -2290,9 +2532,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure to be recorded.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_event_record(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtRecordEvent((aclrtEvent)event->context, cann_ctx->stream()));
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtRecordEvent((aclrtEvent) event->context, cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2305,13 +2546,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_event_record(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure that the backend needs to wait
  * for.
  */
-static void ggml_backend_cann_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend,
-                                         ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
-        (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
+static void ggml_backend_cann_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
     if (ggml_backend_is_cann(backend)) {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtStreamWaitEvent(cann_ctx->stream(),
-                                       (aclrtEvent)event->context));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtStreamWaitEvent(cann_ctx->stream(), (aclrtEvent) event->context));
     } else {
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
@@ -2338,6 +2576,7 @@ static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cann_interface = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ ggml_backend_cann_event_record,
     /* .event_wait              = */ ggml_backend_cann_event_wait,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -2349,30 +2588,31 @@ static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cann_interface = {
  * @return A pointer to the static GUID.
  */
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_cann_guid() {
-    static ggml_guid guid = {0xa1, 0x94, 0xaf, 0xac, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0x47, 0x34,
-                             0xbe, 0x1a, 0x9e, 0x71, 0x1f, 0x9e, 0xed, 0x64};
+    static ggml_guid guid = { 0xa1, 0x94, 0xaf, 0xac, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0x47, 0x34,
+                              0xbe, 0x1a, 0x9e, 0x71, 0x1f, 0x9e, 0xed, 0x64 };
     return &guid;
 }
 
 // backend device
 struct ggml_backend_cann_device_context {
-    int device;
+    int         device;
     std::string name;
     std::string description;
+    int op_offload_min_batch_size;
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_cann_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ctx->name.c_str();
 }
 
-static const char* ggml_backend_cann_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+static const char * ggml_backend_cann_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ctx->description.c_str();
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cann_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(ctx->device, free, total);
 }
 
@@ -2399,7 +2639,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_back
 
 static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cann_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
     GGML_UNUSED(params);
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ggml_backend_cann_init(ctx->device);
 }
 
@@ -2416,19 +2656,17 @@ static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cann_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, cons
  * @return bool Returns true if the CANN backend supports the buffer type,
  *              otherwise false.
  */
-static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_buft(
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     if (ggml_backend_buft_is_cann(buft)) {
-        ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
-        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx =
-                        (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *)buft->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_device_context *      dev_ctx  = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
+        ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
         return buft_ctx->device == dev_ctx->device;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
     return ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(ctx->device);
 }
 
@@ -2437,6 +2675,26 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_device_get_host_buffer_type(
     return ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type();
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Determines if a tensor operation should be offloaded to the CANN
+ * backend.
+ *
+ * This function checks if a given tensor operation should be offloaded to the
+ * CANN backend based on the operation type and the size of the tensor. It
+ * returns true if the second dimension (ne[1]) of the tensor is greater than or
+ * equal to the minimum batch size and the operation is not GGML_OP_GET_ROWS.
+ *
+ * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend.
+ * @param op Pointer to the tensor operation to check.
+ * @return bool Returns true if the operation should be offloaded, otherwise
+ * false.
+ */
+static bool ggml_backend_cann_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+
+    return op->ne[1] >= dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size && op->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS;
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief Creates a new event for the CANN backend device.
  *
@@ -2447,9 +2705,8 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_device_get_host_buffer_type(
  * @param backend Pointer to the CANN backend.
  * @return ggml_backend_event_t Returns a pointer to the new event structure.
  */
-static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_cann_device_event_new(
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *)dev->context;
+static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_cann_device_event_new(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_device_context *) dev->context;
 
     ggml_cann_set_device(dev_ctx->device);
 
@@ -2471,7 +2728,7 @@ static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_cann_device_event_new(
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure to be freed.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_device_event_free(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtDestroyEvent((aclrtEvent)event->context));
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtDestroyEvent((aclrtEvent) event->context));
 
     delete event;
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
@@ -2485,7 +2742,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_device_event_free(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_bac
  * @param event Pointer to the event structure to be synchronized.
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_device_event_synchronize(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeEvent((aclrtEvent)event->context));
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeEvent((aclrtEvent) event->context));
 
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
@@ -2496,10 +2753,10 @@ static const ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_cann_device_interface = {
     /* .get_memory              = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_memory,
     /* .get_type                = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_type,
     /* .get_props               = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_props,
-    /* .init_backend            = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_init,    // called for every card
+    /* .init_backend            = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_init,  // called for every card
     /* .get_buffer_type         = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_buffer_type,
     /* .get_host_buffer_type    = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_get_host_buffer_type,
-    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr    = */ NULL, // not supported for CANN
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr    = */ NULL,  // not supported for CANN
     /* .supports_op             = */ ggml_backend_cann_supports_op,
     /* .supports_buft           = */ ggml_backend_cann_supports_buft,
     /* .offload_op              = */ ggml_backend_cann_offload_op,
@@ -2508,7 +2765,6 @@ static const ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_cann_device_interface = {
     /* .event_synchronize       = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_event_synchronize,
 };
 
-
 // backend reg
 struct ggml_backend_cann_reg_context {
     std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
@@ -2520,12 +2776,12 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_cann_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_cann_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *)reg->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *) reg->context;
     return ctx->devices.size();
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_cann_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
-    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *)reg->context;
+    ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_reg_context *) reg->context;
     GGML_ASSERT(index < ctx->devices.size());
     return ctx->devices[index];
 }
@@ -2547,34 +2803,32 @@ static const ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_cann_reg_interface = {
 // backend registry, called only once for cann backend
 ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_cann_reg() {
     static ggml_backend_reg reg;
-    static bool initialized = false;
+    static bool             initialized = false;
 
     {
-        static std::mutex mutex;
+        static std::mutex           mutex;
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
         if (!initialized) {
             aclInit(nullptr);
             ggml_backend_cann_reg_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_reg_context;
+            const int min_batch_size = getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH") ? atoi(getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH")) : 32;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < ggml_cann_info().device_count; i++) {
-                ggml_backend_cann_device_context* dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_device_context();
-                dev_ctx->description = aclrtGetSocName();
-                dev_ctx->device = i;
-                dev_ctx->name = GGML_CANN_NAME + std::to_string(i);
+                ggml_backend_cann_device_context * dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_device_context();
+                dev_ctx->description                       = aclrtGetSocName();
+                dev_ctx->device                            = i;
+                dev_ctx->name                              = GGML_CANN_NAME + std::to_string(i);
+                dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size         = min_batch_size;
                 ggml_cann_set_device(i);
-                ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device {
-                    /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_interface,
-                    /* .reg     = */ &reg,
-                    /* .context = */ dev_ctx
-                };
+                ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device{ /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_cann_device_interface,
+                                                                  /* .reg     = */ &reg,
+                                                                  /* .context = */ dev_ctx };
                 ctx->devices.push_back(dev);
             }
 
-            reg = ggml_backend_reg {
-                /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
-                /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_cann_reg_interface,
-                /* .context     = */ ctx
-            };
+            reg = ggml_backend_reg{ /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+                                    /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_cann_reg_interface,
+                                    /* .context     = */ ctx };
         }
 
         initialized = true;
@@ -2590,39 +2844,36 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cann_init(int32_t device) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_cann_context* ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_context(device);
+    ggml_backend_cann_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_cann_context(device);
     if (ctx == nullptr) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
         return nullptr;
     }
     ggml_cann_set_device(ctx->device);
     ggml_backend_t cann_backend =
-        new ggml_backend{/* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_cann_guid(),
-                         /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_cann_interface,
-                         /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), device),
-                         /* .context   = */ ctx};
+        new ggml_backend{ /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_cann_guid(),
+                          /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_cann_interface,
+                          /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), device),
+                          /* .context   = */ ctx };
 
     return cann_backend;
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_is_cann(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return backend != NULL &&
-           ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_cann_guid());
+    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_cann_guid());
 }
 
 int32_t ggml_backend_cann_get_device_count() {
     return ggml_cann_info().device_count;
 }
 
-void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_description(
-    int32_t device, char* description, size_t description_size) {
+void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_description(int32_t device, char * description, size_t description_size) {
     ggml_cann_set_device(device);
-    const char* soc_name = aclrtGetSocName();
+    const char * soc_name = aclrtGetSocName();
     snprintf(description, description_size, "%s", soc_name);
 }
 
-void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(int32_t device, size_t* free,
-                                         size_t* total) {
+void ggml_backend_cann_get_device_memory(int32_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
     ggml_cann_set_device(device);
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtGetMemInfo(ACL_HBM_MEM, free, total));
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d687220c3c5..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-file(GLOB SRC_FILES
-    get_row_f32.cpp
-    get_row_f16.cpp
-    get_row_q4_0.cpp
-    get_row_q8_0.cpp
-    quantize_f32_q8_0.cpp
-    quantize_f16_q8_0.cpp
-    quantize_float_to_q4_0.cpp
-    dup.cpp
-)
-
-set(ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH ${CANN_INSTALL_DIR})
-set(RUN_MODE "npu" CACHE STRING "run mode: npu/sim")
-
-if(EXISTS ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/compiler/tikcpp/ascendc_kernel_cmake)
-    set(ASCENDC_CMAKE_DIR ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/compiler/tikcpp/ascendc_kernel_cmake)
-elseif(EXISTS ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/ascendc_devkit/tikcpp/samples/cmake)
-    set(ASCENDC_CMAKE_DIR ${ASCEND_CANN_PACKAGE_PATH}/ascendc_devkit/tikcpp/samples/cmake)
-else()
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "ascendc_kernel_cmake does not exist, please check whether the compiler package is installed.")
-endif()
-include(${ASCENDC_CMAKE_DIR}/ascendc.cmake)
-
-ascendc_library(ascendc_kernels STATIC
-    ${SRC_FILES}
-)
-
-message(STATUS "CANN: compile ascend kernels witch SOC_TYPE:${SOC_TYPE}, SOC_VERSION:${SOC_VERSION}, compile macro:-D${SOC_TYPE_COMPILE_OPTION}.")
-ascendc_compile_definitions(ascendc_kernels PRIVATE "-D${SOC_TYPE_COMPILE_OPTION}")
-# ascendc_compile_definitions(ascendc_kernels PRIVATE -DASCENDC_DUMP)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/ascendc_kernels.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/ascendc_kernels.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e153208cfd..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/ascendc_kernels.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ASCENDC_KERNELS_H
-#define ASCENDC_KERNELS_H
-
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_get_row_f32.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_get_row_f16.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_get_row_q8_0.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_get_row_q4_0.h"
-
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_quantize_f32_q8_0.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_quantize_f16_q8_0.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_quantize_f16_to_q4_0.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_quantize_f32_to_q4_0.h"
-
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp16.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp32.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp32_to_fp16.h"
-#include "aclrtlaunch_ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp16_to_fp32.h"
-
-#endif  // ASCENDC_KERNELS_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/dup.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/dup.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d9b9574494b..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/dup.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-using namespace AscendC;
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-const int64_t SUPPORTED_MAX_DIM = 65535;  // currently the limit of max block dim supportted by dup kernel is 65535template <typename SRC_T, typename DST_T>
-
-template <typename SRC_T, typename DST_T>
-class DupByRows {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline DupByRows() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR src, GM_ADDR dst, int64_t *input_ne_ub,
-                                size_t *input_nb_ub) {
-        /* Dup by rows when src is contigous on first dimension and dst is
-        contiguous, each kernel process one row.
-        */
-
-        // Input has four dims.
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        int64_t op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        // param
-        num_rows = input_ne_ub[1] * input_ne_ub[2] * input_ne_ub[3];
-        num_elem = input_ne_ub[0];
-
-        // index for (ne[1], ne[2], ne[3]): (idx_ne1, idx_ne2, idx_ne3)
-        idx_ne3 = op_block_idx / (input_ne_ub[1] * input_ne_ub[2]);
-        idx_ne2 = (op_block_idx - idx_ne3 * (input_ne_ub[1] * input_ne_ub[2]))
-                  / (input_ne_ub[1]);
-        idx_ne1 = op_block_idx - idx_ne3 * (input_ne_ub[1] * input_ne_ub[2])
-                - idx_ne2 * input_ne_ub[1];
-
-        // src may not contiguous in dim [1,2,3], so stride decited by ne&nb
-        src_stride = input_nb_ub[3] * idx_ne3 + input_nb_ub[2] * idx_ne2
-                     + input_nb_ub[1] * idx_ne1;
-
-        // dst is contiguous
-        dst_stride = op_block_idx * (input_ne_ub[0] * sizeof(DST_T));
-
-        src_gm.SetGlobalBuffer(reinterpret_cast<__gm__ SRC_T *>(src +
-                                                                src_stride));
-        dst_gm.SetGlobalBuffer(reinterpret_cast<__gm__ DST_T *>(dst +
-                                                                dst_stride));
-
-        pipe.InitBuffer(src_queue, BUFFER_NUM, (sizeof(SRC_T) * num_elem +
-                                                32 - 1) / 32 * 32);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(dst_queue, BUFFER_NUM, (sizeof(DST_T) * num_elem +
-                                                32 - 1) / 32 * 32);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in() {
-        LocalTensor<SRC_T> src_local = src_queue.AllocTensor<SRC_T>();
-        const size_t elem_per_block = 32 / sizeof(SRC_T);
-        size_t tail = num_elem % elem_per_block;
-        size_t cpy_elements_len = tail > 0 ? num_elem + 1 : num_elem;
-        DataCopy(src_local, src_gm, cpy_elements_len);
-        src_queue.EnQue(src_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out() {
-        LocalTensor<DST_T> dst_local = dst_queue.DeQue<DST_T>();
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P
-        const size_t elem_per_block = 32 / sizeof(DST_T);
-        size_t tail = num_elem % elem_per_block;
-        size_t len = num_elem & ~(elem_per_block - 1);
-        if (len > 0) {
-            DataCopy(dst_gm, dst_local, len);
-        }
-        if(tail != 0) {
-            for (size_t i = tail; i < elem_per_block; i++) {
-                dst_local[len + i].SetValue(0, 0);
-            }
-            SetAtomicAdd<float>();
-            DataCopy(dst_gm[len], dst_local[len], elem_per_block);
-            SetAtomicNone();
-        }
-#else
-        DataCopyExtParams dataCopyParams;
-        dataCopyParams.blockCount = 1;
-        dataCopyParams.blockLen = num_elem * sizeof(DST_T);
-        DataCopyPad(dst_gm, dst_local, dataCopyParams);
-#endif
-        dst_queue.FreeTensor(dst_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void dup() {
-        // main process, copy one row data from src to dst.
-        copy_in();
-
-        LocalTensor<SRC_T> src_local = src_queue.DeQue<SRC_T>();
-        LocalTensor<DST_T> dst_local = dst_queue.AllocTensor<DST_T>();
-
-        int32_t BLOCK_NUM = 32 / sizeof(DST_T);
-        DataCopy(dst_local, src_local, (num_elem + BLOCK_NUM - 1)
-                                        / BLOCK_NUM * BLOCK_NUM);
-        dst_queue.EnQue<DST_T>(dst_local);
-
-        src_queue.FreeTensor(src_local);
-        copy_out();
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void dup_with_cast() {
-        // main process, copy one row data from src to dst.
-        // cast dtype from src to dst.
-        copy_in();
-
-        LocalTensor<SRC_T> src_local = src_queue.DeQue<SRC_T>();
-        LocalTensor<DST_T> dst_local = dst_queue.AllocTensor<DST_T>();
-
-        Cast(dst_local, src_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, num_elem);
-        dst_queue.EnQue<DST_T>(dst_local);
-
-        src_queue.FreeTensor(src_local);
-        copy_out();
-    }
-
-   private:
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<SRC_T> src_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<DST_T> dst_gm;
-
-    int64_t num_rows;
-    int64_t num_elem;
-    int64_t idx_ne3;
-    int64_t idx_ne2;
-    int64_t idx_ne1;
-    int64_t src_stride;
-    int64_t dst_stride;
-
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> src_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> dst_queue;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp16(
-                                                        GM_ADDR src_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR dst_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    DupByRows<half, half> op;
-    op.init(src_gm, dst_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub);
-    op.dup();
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp32(
-                                                        GM_ADDR src_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR dst_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    DupByRows<float, float> op;
-    op.init(src_gm, dst_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub);
-    op.dup();
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp32_to_fp16(
-                                                        GM_ADDR src_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR dst_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    DupByRows<float, half> op;
-    op.init(src_gm, dst_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub);
-    op.dup_with_cast();
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_dup_by_rows_fp16_to_fp32(
-                                                        GM_ADDR src_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR dst_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_ne_gm,
-                                                        GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-
-    // copy params from gm to ub.
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    DupByRows<half, float> op;
-    op.init(src_gm, dst_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub);
-    op.dup_with_cast();
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_f16.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_f16.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 416b45104de..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_f16.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-// optimize me. Use template to avoid copy code.
-using namespace AscendC;
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-
-class GET_ROW_F16 {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline GET_ROW_F16() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR input, GM_ADDR indices, GM_ADDR output,
-                                int64_t *input_ne_ub, size_t *input_nb_ub,
-                                int64_t *indices_ne_ub, size_t *indices_nb_ub,
-                                int64_t *output_ne_ub, size_t *output_nb_ub) {
-        // TODO, use template for F16/f32
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            input_stride[i] = input_nb_ub[i] / input_nb_ub[0];
-
-            indices_ne[i] = indices_ne_ub[i];
-            indices_stride[i] = indices_nb_ub[i] / indices_nb_ub[0];
-
-            output_ne[i] = output_ne_ub[i];
-            output_stride[i] = output_nb_ub[i] / output_nb_ub[0];
-        }
-
-        // Indices has two dims. n_elements = all rows should get.
-        // dr, all rows should this thread get.
-        uint64_t n_elements =
-            indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] * indices_ne[2] * indices_ne[3];
-        dr = n_elements / op_block_num;
-
-        uint64_t tails = n_elements % op_block_num;
-        if (op_block_idx < tails) {
-            dr += 1;
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx;
-        } else {
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx + tails;
-        }
-
-        input_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ half *)input);
-        indices_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int32_t *)indices);
-        output_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ float *)output);
-
-        uint64_t input_local_buffer_size = ((input_ne[0] * sizeof(half) + 31)
-                                             & ~31);
-        uint64_t output_local_buffer_size = ((input_ne[0] * sizeof(float) + 31)
-                                              & ~31);
-
-        local_buffer_elems = input_local_buffer_size / sizeof(half);
-
-        // TODO, consider long row that can't put in UB.
-        // All data should asign to 32. It's ok because all data is align to 32.
-        pipe.InitBuffer(input_queue, BUFFER_NUM, input_local_buffer_size);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(output_queue, BUFFER_NUM, output_local_buffer_size);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in(uint32_t offset, size_t len) {
-        size_t origin_len = len;
-        LocalTensor<half> input_local = input_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-        const size_t elem_per_block = 32 / sizeof(half);
-        size_t tail = len % elem_per_block;
-        len = len & ~(elem_per_block - 1);
-        if(tail != 0) {
-            len += elem_per_block;
-        }
-        DataCopy(input_local, input_gm[offset], len);
-        input_queue.EnQue(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out(uint32_t offset, size_t len) {
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.DeQue<float>();
-        const size_t elem_per_block = 32 / sizeof(float);
-        size_t tail = len % elem_per_block;
-        len = len & ~(elem_per_block - 1);
-        if (len > 0) {
-            DataCopy(output_gm[offset], output_local, len);
-        }
-
-        if(tail != 0) {
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P
-            for (size_t i = tail; i < elem_per_block; i++) {
-                output_local[len + i].SetValue(0, 0);
-            }
-            SetAtomicAdd<float>();
-            DataCopy(output_gm[offset + len], output_local[len], elem_per_block);
-            SetAtomicNone();
-#else
-            DataCopyExtParams dataCopyParams;
-            dataCopyParams.blockCount = 1;
-            dataCopyParams.blockLen = tail * sizeof(float);
-            DataCopyPad(output_gm[offset + len], output_local[len],
-                        dataCopyParams);
-#endif
-        }
-        output_queue.FreeTensor(output_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate_row(int64_t idx) {
-        const int64_t indices_ne2_idx = idx / (indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]);
-        const int64_t indices_ne1_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]) /
-            indices_ne[0];
-        const int64_t indices_ne0_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] -
-             indices_ne1_idx * indices_ne[0]);
-
-        const int64_t indices_offset = indices_ne0_idx * indices_stride[0] +
-                                       indices_ne1_idx * indices_stride[1] +
-                                       indices_ne2_idx * indices_stride[2];
-        const int32_t selected_row_idx = indices_gm.GetValue(indices_offset);
-
-        const int64_t input_offset = selected_row_idx * input_stride[1] +
-                                     indices_ne1_idx * input_stride[2] +
-                                     indices_ne2_idx * input_stride[3];
-
-        const int64_t output_offset = indices_ne0_idx * output_stride[1] +
-                                      indices_ne1_idx * output_stride[2] +
-                                      indices_ne2_idx * output_stride[3];
-
-        copy_in(input_offset, input_ne[0]);
-        LocalTensor<half> input_local = input_queue.DeQue<half>();
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-
-        Cast(output_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE,
-             local_buffer_elems);
-        output_queue.EnQue(output_local);
-        copy_out(output_offset, input_ne[0]);
-
-        input_queue.FreeTensor(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate() {
-        for (int64_t i = ir; i < ir + dr; i++) {
-            calculate_row(i);
-        }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    int64_t input_ne[4];
-    size_t input_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t indices_ne[4];
-    size_t indices_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t output_ne[4];
-    size_t output_stride[4];
-
-    size_t local_buffer_elems;
-
-    int64_t ir;
-    int64_t dr;
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<half> input_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<int32_t> indices_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<float> output_gm;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> input_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> output_queue;
-    int64_t op_block_idx;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_get_row_f16(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR indices_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_ne_gm, GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR indices_ne_gm,
-    GM_ADDR indices_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm, GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t indices_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t indices_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_ne_gm, indices_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_nb_gm, indices_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    GET_ROW_F16 op;
-    op.init(input_gm, indices_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub,
-            indices_ne_ub, indices_nb_ub, output_ne_ub, output_nb_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_f32.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_f32.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 02116905b18..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_f32.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-// optimize me. Use template to avoid copy code.
-using namespace AscendC;
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-
-class GET_ROW_F32 {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline GET_ROW_F32() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR input, GM_ADDR indices, GM_ADDR output,
-                                int64_t *input_ne_ub, size_t *input_nb_ub,
-                                int64_t *indices_ne_ub, size_t *indices_nb_ub,
-                                int64_t *output_ne_ub, size_t *output_nb_ub) {
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            input_stride[i] = input_nb_ub[i] / input_nb_ub[0];
-
-            indices_ne[i] = indices_ne_ub[i];
-            indices_stride[i] = indices_nb_ub[i] / indices_nb_ub[0];
-
-            output_ne[i] = output_ne_ub[i];
-            output_stride[i] = output_nb_ub[i] / output_nb_ub[0];
-        }
-
-        // Indices has two dims. n_elements = all rows should get.
-        // dr, all rows should this thread get.
-        uint64_t n_elements =
-            indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] * indices_ne[2] * indices_ne[3];
-        dr = n_elements / op_block_num;
-
-        uint64_t tails = n_elements % op_block_num;
-        if (op_block_idx < tails) {
-            dr += 1;
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx;
-        } else {
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx + tails;
-        }
-
-        input_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ float *)input);
-        indices_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int32_t *)indices);
-        output_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ float *)output);
-
-        uint64_t local_buffer_size = ((input_ne[0] * sizeof(float) + 31) & ~31);
-        local_buffer_elems = local_buffer_size / sizeof(float);
-
-        // TODO, consider long row that can't put in UB.
-        // All data should asign to 32. It's ok because all data is align to 32.
-        pipe.InitBuffer(input_queue, BUFFER_NUM, local_buffer_size);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(output_queue, BUFFER_NUM, local_buffer_size);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in(uint32_t offset, size_t len) {
-        LocalTensor<float> input_local = input_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        const size_t elem_per_block = 32 / sizeof(float);
-        size_t tail = len % elem_per_block;
-        len = len & ~(elem_per_block - 1);
-        if(tail != 0) {
-            len += elem_per_block;
-        }
-        DataCopy(input_local, input_gm[offset], len);
-        input_queue.EnQue(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out(uint32_t offset, size_t len) {
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.DeQue<float>();
-        const size_t elem_per_block = 32 / sizeof(float);
-        size_t tail = len % elem_per_block;
-        len = len & ~(elem_per_block - 1);
-        if (len > 0) {
-            DataCopy(output_gm[offset], output_local, len);
-        }
-
-        if(tail != 0) {
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P
-            for (size_t i = tail; i < elem_per_block; i++) {
-                output_local[len + i].SetValue(0, 0);
-            }
-            SetAtomicAdd<float>();
-            DataCopy(output_gm[offset + len], output_local[len], elem_per_block);
-            SetAtomicNone();
-#else
-            DataCopyExtParams dataCopyParams;
-            dataCopyParams.blockCount = 1;
-            dataCopyParams.blockLen = tail * sizeof(float);
-            DataCopyPad(output_gm[offset + len], output_local[len],
-                        dataCopyParams);
-#endif
-        }
-        output_queue.FreeTensor(output_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate_row(int64_t idx) {
-        const int64_t indices_ne2_idx = idx / (indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]);
-        const int64_t indices_ne1_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]) /
-            indices_ne[0];
-        const int64_t indices_ne0_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] -
-             indices_ne1_idx * indices_ne[0]);
-
-        const int64_t indices_offset = indices_ne0_idx * indices_stride[0] +
-                                       indices_ne1_idx * indices_stride[1] +
-                                       indices_ne2_idx * indices_stride[2];
-        const int32_t selected_row_idx = indices_gm.GetValue(indices_offset);
-
-        const int64_t input_offset = selected_row_idx * input_stride[1] +
-                                     indices_ne1_idx * input_stride[2] +
-                                     indices_ne2_idx * input_stride[3];
-
-        const int64_t output_offset = indices_ne0_idx * output_stride[1] +
-                                      indices_ne1_idx * output_stride[2] +
-                                      indices_ne2_idx * output_stride[3];
-
-        copy_in(input_offset, input_ne[0]);
-        LocalTensor<float> input_local = input_queue.DeQue<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-
-        DataCopy(output_local, input_local, local_buffer_elems);
-        output_queue.EnQue(output_local);
-        copy_out(output_offset, input_ne[0]);
-
-        input_queue.FreeTensor(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate() {
-        for (int64_t i = ir; i < ir + dr; i++) {
-            calculate_row(i);
-        }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    int64_t input_ne[4];
-    size_t input_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t indices_ne[4];
-    size_t indices_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t output_ne[4];
-    size_t output_stride[4];
-
-    size_t local_buffer_elems;
-
-    int64_t ir;
-    int64_t dr;
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<float> input_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<int32_t> indices_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<float> output_gm;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> input_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> output_queue;
-    int64_t op_block_idx;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_get_row_f32(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR indices_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_ne_gm, GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR indices_ne_gm,
-    GM_ADDR indices_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm, GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t indices_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t indices_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_ne_gm, indices_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_nb_gm, indices_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    GET_ROW_F32 op;
-    op.init(input_gm, indices_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub,
-            indices_ne_ub, indices_nb_ub, output_ne_ub, output_nb_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_q4_0.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4fbe722086c..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_q4_0.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-// optimize me. Use template to avoid copy code.
-using namespace AscendC;
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P // 310P not support 4bit get row
-    extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_get_row_q4_0(
-        GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR indices_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm,
-        GM_ADDR input_ne_gm, GM_ADDR indices_ne_gm, GM_ADDR indices_nb_gm,
-        GM_ADDR output_ne_gm, GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-        // let following test cases can continue run, here just print error information. Of Cource the test case that call this operator is failed.
-        printf("Ascend310P not support 4bit get row.\n");
-    }
-#else
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-
-#define QK4_0 32
-
-class GET_ROW_Q4_0 {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline GET_ROW_Q4_0() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR input, GM_ADDR indices, GM_ADDR output,
-                                int64_t *input_ne_ub, int64_t *indices_ne_ub,
-                                size_t *indices_nb_ub, int64_t *output_ne_ub,
-                                size_t *output_nb_ub) {
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        int64_t op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            indices_ne[i] = indices_ne_ub[i];
-            indices_stride[i] = indices_nb_ub[i] / indices_nb_ub[0];
-            scale_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            output_ne[i] = output_ne_ub[i];
-            output_stride[i] = output_nb_ub[i] / output_nb_ub[0];
-        }
-
-        // one scale for a group.
-        scale_ne[0] /= QK4_0;
-
-        input_stride[0] = 1;
-        scale_stride[0] = 1;
-        output_stride[0] = 1;
-        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_stride[i] = input_stride[i - 1] * input_ne[i - 1];
-            scale_stride[i] = scale_stride[i - 1] * scale_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        group_size_in_row = input_ne[0] / QK4_0;
-        int64_t scale_offset = input_ne[0] * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] *
-                               input_ne[3] / 2;
-
-        // Indices has two dims. n_elements = all rows should get.
-        // dr, all rows should this thread get.
-        uint64_t n_elements =
-            indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] * indices_ne[2] * indices_ne[3];
-        dr = n_elements / op_block_num;
-
-        uint64_t tails = n_elements % op_block_num;
-        if (op_block_idx < tails) {
-            dr += 1;
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx;
-        } else {
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx + tails;
-        }
-
-        input_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int4b_t *)input);
-        scale_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ half *)(input + scale_offset));
-        indices_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int32_t *)indices);
-        output_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ float *)output);
-
-        pipe.InitBuffer(input_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK4_0 * sizeof(int4b_t));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(cast_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK4_0 * sizeof(half));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(output_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK4_0 * sizeof(float));
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<int4b_t> input_local = input_queue.AllocTensor<int4b_t>();
-        // 32 * sizeof(int4b_t) = 16, which is not aligned to 32, why no error?
-        DataCopy(input_local, input_gm[offset], QK4_0);
-        input_queue.EnQue(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.DeQue<float>();
-        DataCopy(output_gm[offset], output_local, QK4_0);
-        output_queue.FreeTensor(output_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate_group(int64_t idx, int64_t group) {
-        const int64_t indices_ne2_idx = idx / (indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]);
-        const int64_t indices_ne1_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]) /
-            indices_ne[0];
-        const int64_t indices_ne0_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] -
-             indices_ne1_idx * indices_ne[0]);
-
-        const int64_t indices_offset = indices_ne0_idx * indices_stride[0] +
-                                       indices_ne1_idx * indices_stride[1] +
-                                       indices_ne2_idx * indices_stride[2];
-        const int32_t selected_row_idx = indices_gm.GetValue(indices_offset);
-
-        const int64_t input_offset = selected_row_idx * input_stride[1] +
-                                     indices_ne1_idx * input_stride[2] +
-                                     indices_ne2_idx * input_stride[3] +
-                                     group * QK4_0;
-        const int64_t scale_offset = selected_row_idx * scale_stride[1] +
-                                     indices_ne1_idx * scale_stride[2] +
-                                     indices_ne2_idx * scale_stride[3] + group;
-        const int64_t output_offset = indices_ne0_idx * output_stride[1] +
-                                      indices_ne1_idx * output_stride[2] +
-                                      indices_ne2_idx * output_stride[3] +
-                                      group * QK4_0;
-
-        copy_in(input_offset);
-        LocalTensor<int4b_t> input_local = input_queue.DeQue<int4b_t>();
-        LocalTensor<half> cast_local = cast_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-
-        // TODO: cast more data to speed up.
-        Cast(cast_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, QK4_0);
-        Cast(output_local, cast_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, QK4_0);
-
-        // Only mul need compile by group.
-        half scale = scale_gm.GetValue(scale_offset);
-
-        Muls(output_local, output_local, (float)scale, QK4_0);
-
-        input_queue.FreeTensor(input_local);
-        cast_queue.FreeTensor(cast_local);
-        output_queue.EnQue(output_local);
-
-        copy_out(output_offset);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate() {
-        for (int64_t i = ir; i < ir + dr; i++) {
-            for (int64_t j = 0; j < group_size_in_row; j++) {
-                calculate_group(i, j);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    int64_t input_ne[4];
-    size_t input_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t scale_ne[4];
-    size_t scale_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t indices_ne[4];
-    size_t indices_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t output_ne[4];
-    size_t output_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t ir;
-    int64_t dr;
-
-    int64_t group_size_in_row;
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<int4b_t> input_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<half> scale_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<int32_t> indices_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<float> output_gm;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> input_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> output_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> cast_queue;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_get_row_q4_0(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR indices_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_ne_gm, GM_ADDR indices_ne_gm, GM_ADDR indices_nb_gm,
-    GM_ADDR output_ne_gm, GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    int64_t indices_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t indices_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_ne_gm, indices_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_nb_gm, indices_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    GET_ROW_Q4_0 op;
-    op.init(input_gm, indices_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, indices_ne_ub,
-            indices_nb_ub, output_ne_ub, output_nb_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
-
-#endif // #ifdef ASCEND_310P
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_q8_0.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ba9ab3c0483..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/get_row_q8_0.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-// optimize me. Use template to avoid copy code.
-using namespace AscendC;
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-
-#define QK8_0 32
-
-class GET_ROW_Q8_0 {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline GET_ROW_Q8_0() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR input, GM_ADDR indices, GM_ADDR output,
-                                int64_t *input_ne_ub, int64_t *indices_ne_ub,
-                                size_t *indices_nb_ub, int64_t *output_ne_ub,
-                                size_t *output_nb_ub) {
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        int64_t op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            indices_ne[i] = indices_ne_ub[i];
-            indices_stride[i] = indices_nb_ub[i] / indices_nb_ub[0];
-            scale_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            output_ne[i] = output_ne_ub[i];
-            output_stride[i] = output_nb_ub[i] / output_nb_ub[0];
-        }
-
-        // one scale for a group.
-        scale_ne[0] /= QK8_0;
-
-        input_stride[0] = 1;
-        scale_stride[0] = 1;
-        output_stride[0] = 1;
-        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_stride[i] = input_stride[i - 1] * input_ne[i - 1];
-            scale_stride[i] = scale_stride[i - 1] * scale_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        group_size_in_row = input_ne[0] / QK8_0;
-        int64_t scale_offset = input_ne[0] * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] *
-                               input_ne[3] * sizeof(int8_t);
-
-        // Indices has two dims. n_elements = all rows should get.
-        // dr, all rows should this thread get.
-        uint64_t n_elements =
-            indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] * indices_ne[2] * indices_ne[3];
-        dr = n_elements / op_block_num;
-
-        uint64_t tails = n_elements % op_block_num;
-        if (op_block_idx < tails) {
-            dr += 1;
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx;
-        } else {
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx + tails;
-        }
-
-        input_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int8_t *)input);
-        scale_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ half *)(input + scale_offset));
-        indices_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int32_t *)indices);
-        output_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ float *)output);
-
-        pipe.InitBuffer(input_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK8_0 * sizeof(int8_t));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(cast_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK8_0 * sizeof(half));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(output_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK8_0 * sizeof(float));
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> input_local = input_queue.AllocTensor<int8_t>();
-        DataCopy(input_local, input_gm[offset], QK8_0);
-        input_queue.EnQue(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.DeQue<float>();
-        DataCopy(output_gm[offset], output_local, QK8_0);
-        output_queue.FreeTensor(output_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate_group(int64_t idx, int64_t group) {
-        const int64_t indices_ne2_idx = idx / (indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]);
-        const int64_t indices_ne1_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1]) /
-            indices_ne[0];
-        const int64_t indices_ne0_idx =
-            (idx - indices_ne2_idx * indices_ne[0] * indices_ne[1] -
-             indices_ne1_idx * indices_ne[0]);
-
-        const int64_t indices_offset = indices_ne0_idx * indices_stride[0] +
-                                       indices_ne1_idx * indices_stride[1] +
-                                       indices_ne2_idx * indices_stride[2];
-        const int32_t selected_row_idx = indices_gm.GetValue(indices_offset);
-
-        const int64_t input_offset = selected_row_idx * input_stride[1] +
-                                     indices_ne1_idx * input_stride[2] +
-                                     indices_ne2_idx * input_stride[3] +
-                                     group * QK8_0;
-        const int64_t scale_offset = selected_row_idx * scale_stride[1] +
-                                     indices_ne1_idx * scale_stride[2] +
-                                     indices_ne2_idx * scale_stride[3] + group;
-        const int64_t output_offset = indices_ne0_idx * output_stride[1] +
-                                      indices_ne1_idx * output_stride[2] +
-                                      indices_ne2_idx * output_stride[3] +
-                                      group * QK8_0;
-
-        copy_in(input_offset);
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> input_local = input_queue.DeQue<int8_t>();
-        LocalTensor<half> cast_local = cast_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-        LocalTensor<float> output_local = output_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-
-        // TODO: cast more data to speed up.
-        Cast(cast_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, QK8_0);
-        Cast(output_local, cast_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, QK8_0);
-
-        // Only mul need compile by group.
-        half scale = scale_gm.GetValue(scale_offset);
-        Muls(output_local, output_local, (float)scale, QK8_0);
-
-        input_queue.FreeTensor(input_local);
-        cast_queue.FreeTensor(cast_local);
-        output_queue.EnQue(output_local);
-
-        copy_out(output_offset);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate() {
-        for (int64_t i = ir; i < ir + dr; i++) {
-            for (int64_t j = 0; j < group_size_in_row; j++) {
-                calculate_group(i, j);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    int64_t input_ne[4];
-    size_t input_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t scale_ne[4];
-    size_t scale_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t indices_ne[4];
-    size_t indices_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t output_ne[4];
-    size_t output_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t ir;
-    int64_t dr;
-
-    int64_t group_size_in_row;
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<int8_t> input_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<half> scale_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<int32_t> indices_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<float> output_gm;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> input_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> output_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> cast_queue;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_get_row_q8_0(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR indices_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_ne_gm, GM_ADDR indices_ne_gm, GM_ADDR indices_nb_gm,
-    GM_ADDR output_ne_gm, GM_ADDR output_nb_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    int64_t indices_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t indices_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t output_nb_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_ne_gm, indices_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(indices_nb_gm, indices_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_nb_gm, output_nb_ub, 32);
-
-    GET_ROW_Q8_0 op;
-    op.init(input_gm, indices_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, indices_ne_ub,
-            indices_nb_ub, output_ne_ub, output_nb_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_f16_q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_f16_q8_0.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 504b43afaa1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_f16_q8_0.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-using namespace AscendC;
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P
-    extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f16_q8_0(
-        GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-        // let following test cases can continue run, here just print error information. Of Cource the test case that call this operator is failed.
-        printf("Ascend310P not support f16->8bit quantization.\n");
-    }
-#else
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-#define QK8_0 32
-
-class QUANTIZE_F16_Q8_0 {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline QUANTIZE_F16_Q8_0() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR input, GM_ADDR output,
-                                int64_t *input_ne_ub, size_t *input_nb_ub,
-                                int64_t *output_ne_ub) {
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        int64_t op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            input_stride[i] = input_nb_ub[i] / input_nb_ub[0];
-
-            output_ne[i] = output_ne_ub[i];
-        }
-
-        output_stride[0] = 1;
-        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
-            output_stride[i] = output_stride[i - 1] * output_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        scale_ne = input_ne;
-        scale_stride[0] = 1;
-        scale_stride[1] = input_ne[0] / QK8_0;
-        for (int i = 2; i < 4; i++) {
-            scale_stride[i] = scale_stride[i - 1] * scale_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        // split input tensor by rows.
-        uint64_t nr = input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] * input_ne[3];
-        dr = nr / op_block_num;
-
-        uint64_t tails = nr % op_block_num;
-        if (op_block_idx < tails) {
-            dr += 1;
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx;
-        } else {
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx + tails;
-        }
-
-        group_size_in_row = scale_stride[1];
-        int64_t output_size = output_ne[0] * output_ne[1] * output_ne[2] *
-                              output_ne[3] * sizeof(uint8_t);
-
-        input_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ half *)input);
-        output_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int8_t *)output);
-        scale_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ half *)(output + output_size + ir *
-                                                 group_size_in_row *
-                                                 sizeof(half)));
-
-        pipe.InitBuffer(input_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK8_0 * sizeof(half));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(output_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK8_0 * sizeof(int8_t));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(work_queue, 1, 32);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(max_queue, 1, 32);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(abs_queue, 1, QK8_0 * sizeof(float));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(scale_queue, 1, 32);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(cast_queue ,1 ,QK8_0 * sizeof(float));
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<half> input_local = input_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-        DataCopy(input_local, input_gm[offset], QK8_0);
-        input_queue.EnQue(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> output_local = output_queue.DeQue<int8_t>();
-        DataCopy(output_gm[offset], output_local, QK8_0);
-        output_queue.FreeTensor(output_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline half calculate_group(int64_t row, int64_t group) {
-        const int64_t i3 = row / (input_ne[1] * input_ne[2]);
-        const int64_t i2 = (row - i3 * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2]) / input_ne[1];
-        const int64_t i1 =
-            row - i3 * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] - i2 * input_ne[1];
-
-        const int64_t input_offset = i1 * input_stride[1] +
-                                     i2 * input_stride[2] +
-                                     i3 * input_stride[3] + QK8_0 * group;
-
-        const int64_t output_offset = i1 * output_stride[1] +
-                                      i2 * output_stride[2] +
-                                      i3 * output_stride[3] + QK8_0 * group;
-
-        copy_in(input_offset);
-        LocalTensor<half> input_local = input_queue.DeQue<half>();
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> output_local = output_queue.AllocTensor<int8_t>();
-        LocalTensor<float> work_local = work_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> abs_local = abs_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> max_local = max_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> cast_local = cast_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-
-        Cast(cast_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, QK8_0);
-        Abs(abs_local, cast_local, QK8_0);
-        ReduceMax(max_local, abs_local, work_local, QK8_0);
-
-        pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-        float d = max_local.GetValue(0);
-        d = d / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-        if (d != 0) {
-            Muls(cast_local, cast_local, 1.0f / d, QK8_0);
-        }
-
-        Cast(cast_local, cast_local, RoundMode::CAST_ROUND, QK8_0);
-        Cast(input_local, cast_local, RoundMode::CAST_ROUND, QK8_0);
-        Cast(output_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_ROUND, QK8_0);
-        output_queue.EnQue(output_local);
-        copy_out(output_offset);
-
-        input_queue.FreeTensor(input_local);
-        work_queue.FreeTensor(work_local);
-        abs_queue.FreeTensor(abs_local);
-        max_queue.FreeTensor(max_local);
-        cast_queue.FreeTensor(cast_local);
-        return (half)d;
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate() {
-        LocalTensor<half> scale_local = scale_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-        uint32_t scale_local_offset = 0;
-        uint32_t scale_global_offset = 0;
-        for (int64_t i = ir; i < ir + dr; i++) {
-            for (int64_t j = 0; j < group_size_in_row; j++) {
-                half scale = calculate_group(i, j);
-                scale_local.SetValue(scale_local_offset++, scale);
-                if (scale_local_offset == 16) {
-                    scale_local_offset = 0;
-                    // TODO: OPTIMIZE ME
-                    pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-                    DataCopy(scale_gm[scale_global_offset], scale_local, 16);
-                    pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-                    scale_global_offset += 16;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (scale_local_offset != 0) {
-            pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-            DataCopyExtParams dataCopyParams;
-            dataCopyParams.blockCount = 1;
-            dataCopyParams.blockLen = scale_local_offset * sizeof(half);
-            DataCopyPad(scale_gm[scale_global_offset], scale_local,
-                        dataCopyParams);
-            pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-        }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    int64_t input_ne[4];
-    size_t input_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t *scale_ne;
-    size_t scale_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t output_ne[4];
-    size_t output_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t group_size_in_row;
-
-    int64_t ir;
-    int64_t dr;
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<half> input_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<half> scale_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<int8_t> output_gm;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> input_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> output_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, 1> work_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, 1> max_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, 1> abs_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, 1> scale_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, 1> cast_queue;
-
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f16_q8_0(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-
-    QUANTIZE_F16_Q8_0 op;
-    op.init(input_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub, output_ne_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
-
-#endif // #ifdef ASCEND_310P
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_f32_q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_f32_q8_0.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 05b0bc1df59..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_f32_q8_0.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-using namespace AscendC;
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P // 310P not support f32->8bit quantization
-    extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f32_q8_0(
-        GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-        // let following test cases can continue run, here just print error information. Of Cource the test case that call this operator is failed.
-        printf("Ascend310P not support f32->8bit quantization.\n");
-    }
-#else
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-#define QK8_0 32
-
-class QUANTIZE_F32_Q8_0 {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline QUANTIZE_F32_Q8_0() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR input, GM_ADDR output,
-                                int64_t *input_ne_ub, size_t *input_nb_ub,
-                                int64_t *output_ne_ub) {
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        int64_t op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            input_stride[i] = input_nb_ub[i] / input_nb_ub[0];
-
-            output_ne[i] = output_ne_ub[i];
-        }
-
-        output_stride[0] = 1;
-        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
-            output_stride[i] = output_stride[i - 1] * output_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        scale_ne = input_ne;
-        scale_stride[0] = 1;
-        scale_stride[1] = input_ne[0] / QK8_0;
-        for (int i = 2; i < 4; i++) {
-            scale_stride[i] = scale_stride[i - 1] * scale_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        // split input tensor by rows.
-        uint64_t nr = input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] * input_ne[3];
-        dr = nr / op_block_num;
-
-        uint64_t tails = nr % op_block_num;
-        if (op_block_idx < tails) {
-            dr += 1;
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx;
-        } else {
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx + tails;
-        }
-
-        group_size_in_row = scale_stride[1];
-        int64_t output_size = output_ne[0] * output_ne[1] * output_ne[2] *
-                              output_ne[3] * sizeof(uint8_t);
-
-        input_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ float *)input);
-        output_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int8_t *)output);
-        scale_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ half *)(output + output_size +
-                                                 ir * group_size_in_row *
-                                                 sizeof(half)));
-
-        pipe.InitBuffer(input_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK8_0 * sizeof(float));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(output_queue, BUFFER_NUM, QK8_0 * sizeof(int8_t));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(work_queue, 1, 32);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(max_queue, 1, 32);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(abs_queue, 1, QK8_0 * sizeof(float));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(cast_queue, 1, QK8_0 * sizeof(half));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(scale_queue, 1, 32);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<float> input_local = input_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        DataCopy(input_local, input_gm[offset], QK8_0);
-        input_queue.EnQue(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> output_local = output_queue.DeQue<int8_t>();
-        DataCopy(output_gm[offset], output_local, QK8_0);
-        output_queue.FreeTensor(output_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline half calculate_group(int64_t row, int64_t group) {
-        const int64_t i3 = row / (input_ne[1] * input_ne[2]);
-        const int64_t i2 = (row - i3 * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2]) / input_ne[1];
-        const int64_t i1 =
-            row - i3 * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] - i2 * input_ne[1];
-
-        const int64_t input_offset = i1 * input_stride[1] +
-                                     i2 * input_stride[2] +
-                                     i3 * input_stride[3] + QK8_0 * group;
-
-        const int64_t output_offset = i1 * output_stride[1] +
-                                      i2 * output_stride[2] +
-                                      i3 * output_stride[3] + QK8_0 * group;
-
-        copy_in(input_offset);
-        LocalTensor<float> input_local = input_queue.DeQue<float>();
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> output_local = output_queue.AllocTensor<int8_t>();
-        LocalTensor<float> work_local = work_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> abs_local = abs_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> max_local = max_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<half> cast_local = cast_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-
-        Abs(abs_local, input_local, QK8_0);
-        ReduceMax(max_local, abs_local, work_local, QK8_0);
-        pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-        float d = max_local.GetValue(0);
-        d = d / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-        if (d != 0) {
-            Muls(input_local, input_local, 1.0f / d, QK8_0);
-        }
-
-        Cast(input_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_ROUND, QK8_0);
-        Cast(cast_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_ROUND, QK8_0);
-        Cast(output_local, cast_local, RoundMode::CAST_ROUND, QK8_0);
-        output_queue.EnQue(output_local);
-        copy_out(output_offset);
-
-        input_queue.FreeTensor(input_local);
-        work_queue.FreeTensor(work_local);
-        abs_queue.FreeTensor(abs_local);
-        max_queue.FreeTensor(max_local);
-        cast_queue.FreeTensor(cast_local);
-
-        return (half)d;
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate() {
-        LocalTensor<half> scale_local = scale_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-        uint32_t scale_local_offset = 0;
-        uint32_t scale_global_offset = 0;
-        for (int64_t i = ir; i < ir + dr; i++) {
-            for (int64_t j = 0; j < group_size_in_row; j++) {
-                half scale = calculate_group(i, j);
-                scale_local.SetValue(scale_local_offset++, scale);
-                if (scale_local_offset == 16) {
-                    scale_local_offset = 0;
-                    // TODO: OPTIMIZE ME
-                    pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-                    DataCopy(scale_gm[scale_global_offset], scale_local, 16);
-                    pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-                    scale_global_offset += 16;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (scale_local_offset != 0) {
-            pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-            DataCopyExtParams dataCopyParams;
-            dataCopyParams.blockCount = 1;
-            dataCopyParams.blockLen = scale_local_offset * sizeof(half);
-            DataCopyPad(scale_gm[scale_global_offset], scale_local,
-                        dataCopyParams);
-            pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-        }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    int64_t input_ne[4];
-    size_t input_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t *scale_ne;
-    size_t scale_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t output_ne[4];
-    size_t output_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t group_size_in_row;
-
-    int64_t ir;
-    int64_t dr;
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<float> input_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<half> scale_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<int8_t> output_gm;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> input_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> output_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, 1> work_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, 1> max_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, 1> abs_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, 1> cast_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, 1> scale_queue;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f32_q8_0(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-
-    QUANTIZE_F32_Q8_0 op;
-    op.init(input_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub, output_ne_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
-
-#endif // #ifdef ASCEND_310P
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_float_to_q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_float_to_q4_0.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1188937b744..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cann/kernels/quantize_float_to_q4_0.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,295 +0,0 @@
-#include "kernel_operator.h"
-
-using namespace AscendC;
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P // 310P not support float->4bit quantization
-    extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f32_to_q4_0(
-        GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-        // let following test cases can continue run, here just print error information. Of Cource the test case that call this operator is failed.
-        printf("Ascend310P not support f32->4bit quantization.\n");
-    }
-
-    extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f16_to_q4_0(
-        GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-        GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-        // let following test cases can continue run, here just print error information. Of Cource the test case that call this operator is failed.
-        printf("Ascend310P not support f16->4bit quantization.\n");
-    }
-#else
-
-#define BUFFER_NUM 2
-#define Group_Size 32
-
-template <typename SRC_T>
-class QUANTIZE_FLOAT_TO_Q4_0 {
-   public:
-    __aicore__ inline QUANTIZE_FLOAT_TO_Q4_0() {}
-    __aicore__ inline void init(GM_ADDR input, GM_ADDR output,
-                                int64_t *input_ne_ub, size_t *input_nb_ub,
-                                int64_t *output_ne_ub) {
-        // TODO: fix test_case CPY(type_src=f16,type_dst=q4_0,ne=[256,4,4,4],
-        //                         permute=[0,0,0,0]):
-        // [CPY] NMSE = 0.000008343 > 0.000001000 FAIL
-        int64_t op_block_num = GetBlockNum();
-        int64_t op_block_idx = GetBlockIdx();
-
-        // input stride of data elements
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            input_ne[i] = input_ne_ub[i];
-            input_stride[i] = input_nb_ub[i] / input_nb_ub[0];
-            output_ne[i] = output_ne_ub[i];
-        }
-
-        // output stride of data elements
-        output_stride[0] = 1;
-        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
-            output_stride[i] = output_stride[i - 1] * output_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        // scale saved one by one after data:. [group1_scale, group2_scale, ...]
-        scale_ne = input_ne;
-        scale_stride[0] = 1;
-        scale_stride[1] = input_ne[0] / Group_Size;
-        for (int i = 2; i < 4; i++) {
-            scale_stride[i] = scale_stride[i - 1] * scale_ne[i - 1];
-        }
-
-        // split input tensor by rows.
-        uint64_t nr = input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] * input_ne[3];
-        dr = nr / op_block_num;
-
-        uint64_t tails = nr % op_block_num;
-        if (op_block_idx < tails) {
-            dr += 1;
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx;
-        } else {
-            ir = dr * op_block_idx + tails;
-        }
-
-        group_size_in_row = scale_stride[1];
-        int64_t scale_offset = output_ne[0] * output_ne[1] * output_ne[2] *
-                              output_ne[3] * sizeof(uint8_t) / 2;
-
-        input_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ SRC_T *)input);
-        output_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ int8_t *)output);
-        scale_gm.SetGlobalBuffer((__gm__ half *)(output + scale_offset + ir *
-                                                 group_size_in_row *
-                                                 sizeof(half)));
-
-        pipe.InitBuffer(input_queue, BUFFER_NUM, Group_Size * sizeof(SRC_T));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(output_queue, BUFFER_NUM,
-                            Group_Size * sizeof(int8_t) / 2);
-        pipe.InitBuffer(cast_queue , 1, Group_Size * sizeof(float));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(work_queue, 1, Group_Size * sizeof(float));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(max_queue, 1, Group_Size * sizeof(float));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(min_queue, 1, Group_Size * sizeof(float));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(scale_queue, 1, Group_Size / 2 * sizeof(half));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(int8_queue, 1, Group_Size * sizeof(int8_t));
-        pipe.InitBuffer(half_queue, 1, Group_Size * sizeof(half));
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_in(uint32_t offset) {
-        LocalTensor<SRC_T> input_local = input_queue.AllocTensor<SRC_T>();
-        DataCopy(input_local, input_gm[offset], Group_Size);
-        input_queue.EnQue(input_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void copy_out(uint32_t offset) {
-        // reinterpretcast Group_Size(32) * int4b_t to Group_Size / 2 * int8_t,
-        // and using DataCopyPad to avoid 32 bits align.
-        LocalTensor<int4b_t> output_local = output_queue.DeQue<int4b_t>();
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> output_int8_local =
-                                    output_local.ReinterpretCast<int8_t>();
-
-        DataCopyExtParams dataCopyParams;
-        dataCopyParams.blockCount = 1;
-        dataCopyParams.blockLen = Group_Size / 2  * sizeof(int8_t);
-        DataCopyPad(output_gm[offset], output_int8_local, dataCopyParams);
-
-        output_queue.FreeTensor(output_local);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void input_to_cast(LocalTensor<float> cast_local,
-                                         LocalTensor<float> input_local) {
-        DataCopy(cast_local, input_local, Group_Size);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void input_to_cast(LocalTensor<float> cast_local,
-                                         LocalTensor<half> input_local) {
-        Cast(cast_local, input_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, Group_Size);
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline half calculate_group(int64_t row, int64_t group) {
-        const int64_t i3 = row / (input_ne[1] * input_ne[2]);
-        const int64_t i2 = (row - i3 * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2]) / input_ne[1];
-        const int64_t i1 =
-            row - i3 * input_ne[1] * input_ne[2] - i2 * input_ne[1];
-
-        const int64_t input_offset = i1 * input_stride[1] +
-                                     i2 * input_stride[2] +
-                                     i3 * input_stride[3] + Group_Size * group;
-
-        // output_offset is stride for output_gm which datatype is int8_t and
-        // divided by 2 is needed for int4b_t.
-        const int64_t output_offset = (i1 * output_stride[1] +
-                                       i2 * output_stride[2] +
-                                       i3 * output_stride[3] +
-                                       Group_Size * group) / 2;
-        copy_in(input_offset);
-
-        LocalTensor<SRC_T> input_local = input_queue.DeQue<SRC_T>();
-        LocalTensor<int4b_t> output_local = output_queue.AllocTensor<int4b_t>();
-        LocalTensor<float> cast_local = cast_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> work_local = work_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> max_local = max_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<float> min_local = min_queue.AllocTensor<float>();
-        LocalTensor<int8_t> int8_local = int8_queue.AllocTensor<int8_t>();
-        LocalTensor<half> half_local = half_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-
-        input_to_cast(cast_local, input_local);
-
-        ReduceMax(max_local, cast_local, work_local, Group_Size);
-        ReduceMin(min_local, cast_local, work_local, Group_Size);
-        const float max_value = max_local.GetValue(0);
-        const float min_value = min_local.GetValue(0);
-        float d = max_value;
-        if (min_value < 0 && (-1 * min_value) > max_value) {
-            d = min_value;
-        }
-
-        d = d / (-8);
-        if (d != 0) {
-            Muls(cast_local, cast_local, 1.0f / d, Group_Size);
-        }
-
-        // range: [-8,8] -> [0.5,16.5] -> [0,16] -> [0,15] -> [-8,7]
-        float scalar = 8.5f;
-        Adds(cast_local, cast_local, scalar, Group_Size);
-        Cast(cast_local, cast_local, RoundMode::CAST_FLOOR, Group_Size);
-        scalar = 15.0f;
-        Mins(cast_local, cast_local, scalar, Group_Size);
-        scalar = -8.0f;
-        Adds(cast_local, cast_local, scalar, Group_Size);
-
-        // float->half->int4b
-        Cast(half_local, cast_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, Group_Size);
-        Cast(output_local, half_local, RoundMode::CAST_NONE, Group_Size);
-
-        output_queue.EnQue(output_local);
-        copy_out(output_offset);
-
-        input_queue.FreeTensor(input_local);
-        work_queue.FreeTensor(work_local);
-        max_queue.FreeTensor(max_local);
-        min_queue.FreeTensor(min_local);
-        int8_queue.FreeTensor(int8_local);
-        half_queue.FreeTensor(half_local);
-        cast_queue.FreeTensor(cast_local);
-        return (half)d;
-    }
-
-    __aicore__ inline void calculate() {
-        LocalTensor<half> scale_local = scale_queue.AllocTensor<half>();
-        uint32_t scale_local_offset = 0;
-        uint32_t scale_global_offset = 0;
-        for (int64_t i = ir; i < ir + dr; i++) {
-            for (int64_t j = 0; j < group_size_in_row; j++) {
-                half scale = calculate_group(i, j);
-                scale_local.SetValue(scale_local_offset++, scale);
-                // Copy Group_Size/2 length data each time.
-                if (scale_local_offset == Group_Size / 2) {
-                    scale_local_offset = 0;
-                    // TODO: OPTIMIZE ME
-                    pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-                    DataCopy(scale_gm[scale_global_offset], scale_local,
-                                      Group_Size / 2);
-                    pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-                    scale_global_offset += Group_Size / 2;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (scale_local_offset != 0) {
-            pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-            DataCopyExtParams dataCopyParams;
-            dataCopyParams.blockCount = 1;
-            dataCopyParams.blockLen = scale_local_offset * sizeof(half);
-            DataCopyPad(scale_gm[scale_global_offset], scale_local,
-                        dataCopyParams);
-            pipe_barrier(PIPE_ALL);
-        }
-        scale_queue.FreeTensor(scale_local);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    int64_t input_ne[4];
-    size_t input_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t *scale_ne;
-    size_t scale_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t output_ne[4];
-    size_t output_stride[4];
-
-    int64_t group_size_in_row;
-
-    int64_t ir;
-    int64_t dr;
-
-    TPipe pipe;
-    GlobalTensor<SRC_T> input_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<half> scale_gm;
-    GlobalTensor<int8_t> output_gm;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> input_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> output_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECIN, BUFFER_NUM> work_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> max_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> min_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> scale_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> cast_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> int8_queue;
-    TQue<QuePosition::VECOUT, BUFFER_NUM> half_queue;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-__aicore__ inline void copy_to_ub(GM_ADDR gm, T *ub, size_t size) {
-    auto gm_ptr = (__gm__ uint8_t *)gm;
-    auto ub_ptr = (uint8_t *)(ub);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++ub_ptr, ++gm_ptr) {
-        *ub_ptr = *gm_ptr;
-    }
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f16_to_q4_0(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-
-    QUANTIZE_FLOAT_TO_Q4_0<half> op;
-    op.init(input_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub, output_ne_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
-
-extern "C" __global__ __aicore__ void ascendc_quantize_f32_to_q4_0(
-    GM_ADDR input_gm, GM_ADDR output_gm, GM_ADDR input_ne_gm,
-    GM_ADDR input_nb_gm, GM_ADDR output_ne_gm) {
-    int64_t input_ne_ub[4];
-    size_t input_nb_ub[4];
-    int64_t output_ne_ub[4];
-
-    copy_to_ub(input_ne_gm, input_ne_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(input_nb_gm, input_nb_ub, 32);
-    copy_to_ub(output_ne_gm, output_ne_ub, 32);
-
-    QUANTIZE_FLOAT_TO_Q4_0<float> op;
-    op.init(input_gm, output_gm, input_ne_ub, input_nb_ub, output_ne_ub);
-    op.calculate();
-}
-
-#endif // #ifdef ASCEND_310P
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-common.h b/ggml/src/ggml-common.h
index fbb04426abe..92cf739e7a7 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-common.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-common.h
@@ -99,6 +99,12 @@ typedef sycl::half2 ggml_half2;
 #define QI4_1 (QK4_1 / (4 * QR4_1))
 #define QR4_1 2
 
+#define QI_MXFP4 (QK_MXFP4 / (4 * QR_MXFP4))
+#define QR_MXFP4 2
+
+#define QI_NVFP4 (QK_NVFP4 / (4 * QR_NVFP4))
+#define QR_NVFP4 2
+
 #define QI5_0 (QK5_0 / (4 * QR5_0))
 #define QR5_0 2
 
@@ -184,6 +190,21 @@ typedef struct {
 } block_q4_1;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_1) == 2 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK4_1 / 2, "wrong q4_1 block size/padding");
 
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t e; // E8M0
+    uint8_t qs[QK_MXFP4/2];
+} block_mxfp4;
+static_assert(sizeof(block_mxfp4) == sizeof(uint8_t) + QK_MXFP4/2, "wrong mxfp4 block size/padding");
+
+#define QK_NVFP4 64
+#define QK_NVFP4_SUB 16  // sub-block size for per-group scales
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t d[QK_NVFP4/QK_NVFP4_SUB]; // UE4M3 scales (4 bytes, one per 16-element sub-block)
+    uint8_t qs[QK_NVFP4/2];           // packed 4-bit E2M1 values (32 bytes)
+} block_nvfp4;
+static_assert(sizeof(block_nvfp4) == sizeof(uint8_t)*(QK_NVFP4/QK_NVFP4_SUB) + QK_NVFP4/2, "wrong nvfp4 block size/padding");
+
 #define QK5_0 32
 typedef struct {
     ggml_half d;           // delta
@@ -1074,10 +1095,17 @@ GGML_TABLE_BEGIN(uint32_t, iq3s_grid, 512)
     0x0f090307, 0x0f090501, 0x0f090b01, 0x0f0b0505, 0x0f0b0905, 0x0f0d0105, 0x0f0d0703, 0x0f0f0101,
 GGML_TABLE_END()
 
+// TODO: fix name to kvalues_iq4_nl
 GGML_TABLE_BEGIN(int8_t, kvalues_iq4nl, 16)
     -127, -104, -83, -65, -49, -35, -22, -10, 1, 13, 25, 38, 53, 69, 89, 113,
 GGML_TABLE_END()
 
+// e2m1 values (doubled)
+// ref: https://www.opencompute.org/documents/ocp-microscaling-formats-mx-v1-0-spec-final-pdf
+GGML_TABLE_BEGIN(int8_t, kvalues_mxfp4, 16)
+    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -8, -12,
+GGML_TABLE_END()
+
 #define NGRID_IQ1S 2048
 #define IQ1S_DELTA 0.125f
 #define IQ1M_DELTA 0.125f
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt
index 71b1d67b8d0..6ca3176a2f2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_features cpu_name arch)
     # build, using set_source_files_properties() to set the arch flags is not possible
     set(GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME ${cpu_name}-feats)
     add_library(${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME} OBJECT ggml-cpu/arch/${arch}/cpu-feats.cpp)
-    target_include_directories(${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME} PRIVATE . .. ../include)
+    target_include_directories(${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME} PRIVATE . ../include)
     target_compile_definitions(${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME} PRIVATE ${ARGN})
     target_compile_definitions(${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME} PRIVATE GGML_BACKEND_DL GGML_BACKEND_BUILD GGML_BACKEND_SHARED)
     set_target_properties(${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME} PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+    # Disable LTO for the feature detection code to prevent cross-module optimization
+    # from inlining architecture-specific instructions into the score function.
+    # Without this, LTO can cause SIGILL when loading backends on older CPUs
+    # (e.g., loading power10 backend on power9 crashes before feature check runs).
+    target_compile_options(${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME} PRIVATE -fno-lto)
     target_link_libraries(${cpu_name} PRIVATE ${GGML_CPU_FEATS_NAME})
 endfunction()
 
@@ -70,10 +75,12 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
     if (GGML_OPENMP)
         find_package(OpenMP)
         if (OpenMP_FOUND)
+            set(GGML_OPENMP_ENABLED "ON" CACHE INTERNAL "")
             target_compile_definitions(${GGML_CPU_NAME} PRIVATE GGML_USE_OPENMP)
 
             target_link_libraries(${GGML_CPU_NAME} PRIVATE OpenMP::OpenMP_C OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
         else()
+            set(GGML_OPENMP_ENABLED "OFF" CACHE INTERNAL "")
             message(WARNING "OpenMP not found")
         endif()
     endif()
@@ -124,36 +131,48 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
                 )
                 if (NOT ARM_MCPU_RESULT)
                     string(REGEX MATCH "-mcpu=[^ ']+" ARM_MCPU_FLAG "${ARM_MCPU}")
+                    string(REGEX MATCH "-march=[^ ']+" ARM_MARCH_FLAG "${ARM_MCPU}")
+
+                    # on some old GCC we need to read -march=
+                    if (ARM_MARCH_FLAG AND NOT "${ARM_MARCH_FLAG}" STREQUAL "-march=native")
+                        set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG "${ARM_MARCH_FLAG}")
+                    elseif(ARM_MCPU_FLAG AND NOT "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}" STREQUAL "-mcpu=native")
+                        set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}")
+                    endif()
                 endif()
-                if ("${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}" STREQUAL "")
-                    set(ARM_MCPU_FLAG -mcpu=native)
-                    message(STATUS "ARM -mcpu not found, -mcpu=native will be used")
+
+                if ("${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}" STREQUAL "")
+                    set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG -mcpu=native)
+                    message(WARNING "ARM -march/-mcpu not found, -mcpu=native will be used")
+                else()
+                    message(STATUS "ARM detected flags: ${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}")
                 endif()
 
                 include(CheckCXXSourceRuns)
 
-                function(check_arm_feature tag code)
+                macro(check_arm_feature tag feature code)
                     set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
-                    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}+${tag}")
+                    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}+${tag}")
                     check_cxx_source_runs("${code}" GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_${tag})
                     if (GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_${tag})
-                        set(ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX}+${tag}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+                        set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX}+${tag}")
                     else()
-                        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}+no${tag}")
+                        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}+no${tag}")
                         check_cxx_source_compiles("int main() { return 0; }" GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_no${tag})
                         if (GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_no${tag})
-                            set(ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX}+no${tag}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+                            set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX}+no${tag}")
+                            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -U__ARM_FEATURE_${feature})
                         endif()
                     endif()
                     set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE})
-                endfunction()
+                endmacro()
 
-                check_arm_feature(dotprod "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
-                check_arm_feature(i8mm    "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vmmlaq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
-                check_arm_feature(sve     "#include <arm_sve.h>\nint main()  { svfloat32_t _a, _b; volatile svfloat32_t _c = svadd_f32_z(svptrue_b8(), _a, _b); return 0; }")
-                check_arm_feature(sme     "#include <arm_sme.h>\n__arm_locally_streaming int main() { __asm__ volatile(\"smstart; smstop;\"); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(dotprod DOTPROD     "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(i8mm    MATMUL_INT8 "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vmmlaq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(sve     SVE         "#include <arm_sve.h>\nint main()  { svfloat32_t _a, _b; volatile svfloat32_t _c = svadd_f32_z(svptrue_b8(), _a, _b); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(sme     SME         "#include <arm_sme.h>\n__arm_locally_streaming int main() { __asm__ volatile(\"smstart; smstop;\"); return 0; }")
 
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}${ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX}")
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX}")
             else()
                 if (GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH)
                     list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=${GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH})
@@ -203,29 +222,28 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
                 endif()
             endif()
 
-            # show enabled features
-            if (CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
-                set(FEAT_INPUT_FILE "NUL")
-            else()
-                set(FEAT_INPUT_FILE "/dev/null")
-            endif()
+            message(STATUS "Checking for ARM features using flags:")
+            foreach(flag IN LISTS ARCH_FLAGS)
+                message(STATUS "  ${flag}")
+            endforeach()
 
-            execute_process(
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER} ${ARCH_FLAGS} -dM -E -
-                INPUT_FILE ${FEAT_INPUT_FILE}
-                OUTPUT_VARIABLE ARM_FEATURE
-                RESULT_VARIABLE ARM_FEATURE_RESULT
-            )
-            if (ARM_FEATURE_RESULT)
-                message(WARNING "Failed to get ARM features")
-            else()
-                foreach(feature DOTPROD SVE MATMUL_INT8 FMA FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC SME)
-                    string(FIND "${ARM_FEATURE}" "__ARM_FEATURE_${feature} 1" feature_pos)
-                    if (NOT ${feature_pos} EQUAL -1)
-                        message(STATUS "ARM feature ${feature} enabled")
-                    endif()
-                endforeach()
-            endif()
+            include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
+            string(REPLACE ";" " " ARCH_FLAGS_STR "${ARCH_FLAGS}")
+            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARCH_FLAGS_STR}")
+            foreach(feature DOTPROD SVE MATMUL_INT8 FMA FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC SME)
+                set(ARM_FEATURE "HAVE_${feature}")
+                check_cxx_source_compiles(
+                    "
+                    #if !defined(__ARM_FEATURE_${feature})
+                    #  error \"Feature ${feature} is not defined\"
+                    #endif
+                    int main() { return 0; }
+                    "
+                    ${ARM_FEATURE}
+                )
+            endforeach()
+            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE})
         endif()
     elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "x86")
         message(STATUS "x86 detected")
@@ -380,9 +398,9 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             string(REGEX REPLACE "POWER *([0-9]+)" "\\1" EXTRACTED_NUMBER "${MATCHED_STRING}")
 
             if (EXTRACTED_NUMBER GREATER_EQUAL 10)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power10 -mpowerpc64)
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power10)
             elseif (EXTRACTED_NUMBER EQUAL 9)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power9 -mpowerpc64)
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power9)
             elseif (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "ppc64le")
                 list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=powerpc64le -mtune=native)
             else()
@@ -431,41 +449,103 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c
             ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/repack.cpp
             )
-        if (GGML_RVV)
+        if (GGML_CPU_RISCV64_SPACEMIT)
+            target_compile_definitions(${GGML_CPU_NAME} PRIVATE GGML_USE_CPU_RISCV64_SPACEMIT ${RISCV64_SPACEMIT_IME_SPEC})
+            list(APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES
+                ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.cpp
+                ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.h
+                ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime1_kernels.cpp
+                ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime_kernels.h
+            )
+        endif()
+        if(NOT GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS)
+            set(MARCH_STR "rv64gc")
+            if (GGML_RV_ZFH)
+                string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zfh")
+            endif()
+
             if (GGML_XTHEADVECTOR)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gc_xtheadvector -mabi=lp64d)
-            elseif (GGML_RV_ZFH)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gcv_zfhmin -mabi=lp64d)
-            else()
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gcv -mabi=lp64d)
+                string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_xtheadvector")
+            elseif (GGML_RVV)
+                string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_v")
+                if (GGML_RV_ZVFH)
+                    string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zvfh")
+                endif()
+                if (GGML_RV_ZVFBFWMA)
+                    string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zvfbfwma")
+                endif()
+            endif()
+            if (GGML_RV_ZICBOP)
+                string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zicbop")
+            endif()
+            if (GGML_RV_ZIHINTPAUSE)
+                string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zihintpause")
             endif()
+            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS "-march=${MARCH_STR}" -mabi=lp64d)
+        else()
+            # Begin with the lowest baseline
+            set(ARCH_DEFINITIONS "")
+
+            if (GGML_INTERNAL_RVV)
+                message(STATUS "RVV enabled")
+                list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_USE_RVV)
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gc_v -mabi=lp64d)
+            endif()
+
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_features(${GGML_CPU_NAME} riscv ${ARCH_DEFINITIONS})
         endif()
     elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "s390x")
         message(STATUS "s390x detected")
-        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c)
-        file(READ "/proc/cpuinfo" CPUINFO_CONTENTS)
-        string(REGEX REPLACE "machine[ \t\r\n]*=[ \t\r\n]*([0-9]+)" "\\1" S390X_M ${CPUINFO_CONTENTS})
-
-        # TODO: Separation to determine activation of VX/VXE/VXE2
-        if (${S390X_M} MATCHES "8561|8562")
-            message(STATUS "z15 target")
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z15)
-        elseif (${S390X_M} MATCHES "3931")
-            message(STATUS "z16 target")
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z16)
-        elseif (${S390X_M} MATCHES "9175|9176")
-            # NOTE: Only available from GCC 15.1.0 onwards. Any z17 machine with compile issues must first verify their GCC version.
-            message(STATUS "z17 target")
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z17)
-        else()
-            message(STATUS "Unknown target")
-            message(WARNING "Unknown target. If you are compiling for z14 and earlier, you might have to add -DGGML_VXE=OFF.")
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=native -mtune=native)
+        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES
+            ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c)
+
+        # for native compilation
+        if (GGML_NATIVE)
+            # check machine level to determine target
+            file(READ "/proc/cpuinfo" CPUINFO_CONTENTS)
+            string(REGEX REPLACE "machine[ \t\r\n]*=[ \t\r\n]*([0-9]+)" "\\1" S390X_M ${CPUINFO_CONTENTS})
+
+            # TODO: Separation to determine activation of VX/VXE/VXE2
+            if (${S390X_M} MATCHES "8561|8562")
+                message(STATUS "z15 target")
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z15)
+            elseif (${S390X_M} MATCHES "3931")
+                message(STATUS "z16 target")
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z16)
+            elseif (${S390X_M} MATCHES "9175|9176")
+                # NOTE: Only available from GCC 15.1.0 onwards. Any z17 machine with compile issues must first verify their GCC version.
+                #       binutils must also be updated to the latest for the -march=z17 flag to work. Otherwise, use -march=arch15.
+                message(STATUS "z17 target")
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=arch15)
+            else()
+                message(STATUS "Unknown target")
+                message(WARNING "Unknown target. If you are compiling for z14 and earlier, you might have to add -DGGML_VXE=OFF.")
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=native -mtune=native)
+            endif()
+        # for cross-compilation
+        elseif(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS)
+            # range through IBM z15 to z17
+            # NOTE: update when a new hardware level is released
+            foreach (ZHW RANGE 15 17)
+                if(DEFINED GGML_INTERNAL_Z${ZHW})
+                    message(STATUS "z${ZHW} cross-compile target")
+                    list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z${ZHW})
+                endif()
+            endforeach()
         endif()
 
-        if (GGML_VXE)
+        if (GGML_VXE OR GGML_INTERNAL_VXE2)
+            message(STATUS "VXE2 enabled")
             list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mvx -mzvector)
+            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_USE_VXE2)
         endif()
+
+        if (GGML_INTERNAL_NNPA)
+            message(STATUS "NNPA enabled")
+            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_USE_NNPA)
+        endif()
+
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_features(${GGML_CPU_NAME} s390 ${ARCH_DEFINITIONS})
     elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "wasm")
         message(STATUS "Wasm detected")
         list (APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES ggml-cpu/arch/wasm/quants.c)
@@ -486,35 +566,32 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
 
         # Fetch KleidiAI sources:
         include(FetchContent)
-        set(KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG "v1.9.0")
+        set(KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG "v1.22.0")
         set(KLEIDIAI_DOWNLOAD_URL "https://github.com/ARM-software/kleidiai/archive/refs/tags/${KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG}.tar.gz")
-        set(KLEIDIAI_ARCHIVE_MD5  "2a8e1bb55d201557553545536489a017")
+        set(KLEIDIAI_ARCHIVE_MD5  "54049037570ab0ee0a0d126b2ba5ece1")
 
         if (POLICY CMP0135)
             cmake_policy(SET CMP0135 NEW)
         endif()
 
+        # TODO: Use FetchContent_MakeAvailable with EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL after bumping minimum CMake version to 3.28+
+        # Using FetchContent_Populate instead to avoid EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL which requires CMake 3.28
         FetchContent_Declare(KleidiAI_Download
             URL ${KLEIDIAI_DOWNLOAD_URL}
             DOWNLOAD_EXTRACT_TIMESTAMP NEW
             URL_HASH MD5=${KLEIDIAI_ARCHIVE_MD5})
 
-        FetchContent_MakeAvailable(KleidiAI_Download)
         FetchContent_GetProperties(KleidiAI_Download
             SOURCE_DIR  KLEIDIAI_SRC
             POPULATED   KLEIDIAI_POPULATED)
 
         if (NOT KLEIDIAI_POPULATED)
-            message(FATAL_ERROR "KleidiAI source downloaded failed.")
+            FetchContent_Populate(KleidiAI_Download)
+            FetchContent_GetProperties(KleidiAI_Download SOURCE_DIR KLEIDIAI_SRC)
         endif()
 
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_USE_CPU_KLEIDIAI)
 
-        # Remove kleidiai target after fetching it
-        if (TARGET kleidiai)
-            set_target_properties(kleidiai PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)
-        endif()
-
         list(APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES
             ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp
             ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp
@@ -529,7 +606,9 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_f16p_qsi4c32p/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/)
 
         set(ARCH_FLAGS_TEMP "${ARCH_FLAGS}")
@@ -539,34 +618,60 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
         string(FIND "${ARCH_FLAGS_TEMP}" "+dotprod" DOTPROD_ENABLED)
         string(FIND "${ARCH_FLAGS_TEMP}" "+i8mm" I8MM_ENABLED)
         string(FIND "${ARCH_FLAGS_TEMP}" "+sme" SME_ENABLED)
+        string(FIND "${ARCH_FLAGS_TEMP}" "+sve" SVE_ENABLED)
 
         set(PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS ${ARCH_FLAGS_TEMP})
 
         list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32.c
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.c
-            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.c)
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.c
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32.c
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon.c)
 
         if (NOT DOTPROD_ENABLED MATCHES -1)
             list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.c
-                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.c)
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod.c)
         endif()
 
         if (NOT I8MM_ENABLED MATCHES -1)
-            list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.c)
+            list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.c)
         endif()
 
         if (NOT SME_ENABLED MATCHES -1)
             list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
-                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa_asm.S
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot_asm.S
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa_asm.S
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_f16p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_f16p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa_asm.S
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.c
-                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.c)
-            set(PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS "-fno-tree-vectorize;${PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS}+sve+sve2")
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_pack_f16pmrx2_f32_neon.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/kai_common_sme_asm.S)
+            set(PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS "-fno-tree-vectorize;${PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS}+sve+sve2+sme2+fp16")
+        endif()
+
+        if (NOT SVE_ENABLED MATCHES -1)
+            list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/kai_common_sve_asm.S
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod_asm.S
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm_asm.S
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm.c)
         endif()
 
         set_source_files_properties(${GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES} PROPERTIES COMPILE_OPTIONS "${PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS}")
@@ -581,4 +686,9 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
     if (EMSCRIPTEN)
         set_target_properties(${GGML_CPU_NAME} PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-msimd128")
     endif()
+
+    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "IntelLLVM")
+        # The compiler automatically enables "-ffast-math" which can cause NaNs in tests due to "-fassociative-math"
+        target_compile_options(${GGML_CPU_NAME} PRIVATE "-fno-associative-math")
+    endif()
 endfunction()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/amx.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/amx.cpp
index 258857b0075..9baf3e025e6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/amx.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/amx.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "traits.h"
 
-#if defined(__gnu_linux__)
+#if defined(__linux__)
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
@@ -141,26 +141,50 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_typ
 namespace ggml::cpu::amx {
 class extra_buffer_type : ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type {
     bool supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t, const struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
-        // handle only 2d gemm for now
-        auto is_contiguous_2d = [](const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
-            return ggml_is_contiguous(t) && t->ne[3] == 1 && t->ne[2] == 1;
-        };
-
-        if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && is_contiguous_2d(op->src[0]) &&  // src0 must be contiguous
-            is_contiguous_2d(op->src[1]) &&                               // src1 must be contiguous
-            op->src[0]->buffer && op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type() &&
-            op->ne[0] % (TILE_N * 2) == 0 &&                              // out_features is 32x
-            (qtype_has_amx_kernels(op->src[0]->type) || (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16))) {
-            // src1 must be host buffer
-            if (op->src[1]->buffer && !ggml_backend_buft_is_host(op->src[1]->buffer->buft)) {
+        if (op->op != GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto * src0 = op->src[0];
+        auto * src1 = op->src[1];
+
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!src0->buffer || src0->buffer->buft != ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src1->buffer && !ggml_backend_buft_is_host(src1->buffer->buft)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (op->ne[0] % (TILE_N * 2)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int alignment;
+        switch (src0->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                alignment = TILE_K;
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+                alignment = 256; // QK_K
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                alignment = 16;
+                break;
+            default:
                 return false;
-            }
-            // src1 must be float32
-            if (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                return true;
-            }
         }
-        return false;
+        if (src0->ne[0] % alignment) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     ggml::cpu::tensor_traits * get_tensor_traits(const struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
@@ -186,7 +210,7 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_amx_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_ty
 #define XFEATURE_XTILEDATA      18
 
 static bool ggml_amx_init() {
-#if defined(__gnu_linux__)
+#if defined(__linux__)
     if (syscall(SYS_arch_prctl, ARCH_REQ_XCOMP_PERM, XFEATURE_XTILEDATA)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "AMX is not ready to be used!\n");
         return false;
@@ -194,6 +218,8 @@ static bool ggml_amx_init() {
     return true;
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
     return true;
+#else
+    return false;
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/common.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/common.h
index f392e898518..26a6ec1a2d0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/common.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/common.h
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_OPENMP)
 #include <omp.h>
+#else
+#include <thread>
 #endif
 
 #define TILE_M 16
@@ -56,18 +58,40 @@ inline void balance211(T n, T nth, T ith, T& n_start, T& n_end) {
 }
 
 template <typename func_t>
-inline void parallel_for(int n, const func_t& f) {
+inline void parallel_for(int n, const func_t & f) {
+    if (n <= 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 #if defined(GGML_USE_OPENMP)
-#pragma omp parallel
-{
-    int nth = omp_get_num_threads();
-    int ith = omp_get_thread_num();
-    int tbegin, tend;
-    balance211(n, nth, ith, tbegin, tend);
-    f(tbegin, tend);
-}
+    #pragma omp parallel
+    {
+        int nth = omp_get_num_threads();
+        int ith = omp_get_thread_num();
+        int tbegin, tend;
+        balance211(n, nth, ith, tbegin, tend);
+        f(tbegin, tend);
+    }
 #else
-    f(0, n);
+    int nth = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+    if (nth <= 1) {
+        f(0, n);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (nth > n) {
+        nth = n;
+    }
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    threads.reserve(nth);
+    for (int ith = 0; ith < nth; ++ith) {
+        threads.emplace_back([&f, n, ith, nth] {
+            int tbegin, tend;
+            balance211(n, nth, ith, tbegin, tend);
+            f(tbegin, tend);
+        });
+    }
+    for (auto & t : threads) {
+        t.join();
+    }
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/mmq.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/mmq.cpp
index cec34eb6416..93a6d397f79 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/mmq.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx/mmq.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-local-typedefs"
@@ -8,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "mmq.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 #include "quants.h"
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -195,41 +195,33 @@ struct tile_config_t{
 // will be needed.
 //
 // Here another commonly used pattern 1-3-3 is skipped, as it is mostly used when m <=16;
-// and the sinlge batch gemm (m=1) has a special fast path with `avx512-vnni`.
+// and the single batch gemm (m=1) has a special fast path with `avx512-vnni`.
 //
 // ref: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/code-sample/
 //    advanced-matrix-extensions-intrinsics-functions.html
 //
 
-#define TC_CONFIG_TILE(i, r, cb) tc.rows[i] = r; tc.colsb[i] = cb
-void ggml_tile_config_init(void) {
-    static thread_local bool is_first_time = true;
+inline void ggml_tile_config_init(void) {
+    static thread_local bool done = false;
 
-    if (!is_first_time) {
+    if (done) {
         return;
     }
 
-    static thread_local tile_config_t tc;
-    tile_config_t current_tc;
-    _tile_storeconfig(&current_tc);
-
-    // load only when config changes
-    if (tc.palette_id == 0 || (memcmp(&current_tc.colsb, &tc.colsb, sizeof(uint16_t) * 8) != 0 &&
-                               memcmp(&current_tc.rows, &tc.rows, sizeof(uint8_t) * 8) != 0)) {
-        tc.palette_id = 1;
-        tc.start_row = 0;
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM0, 8, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM1, 8, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM2, 16, 32);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM3, 16, 32);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM4, 16, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM5, 16, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM6, 16, 64);
-        TC_CONFIG_TILE(TMM7, 16, 64);
-        _tile_loadconfig(&tc);
-    }
-
-    is_first_time = false;
+    alignas(64) tile_config_t tc = {};
+    tc.palette_id = 1;
+    tc.start_row = 0;
+    tc.rows[0] = 8;   tc.colsb[0] = 64;
+    tc.rows[1] = 8;   tc.colsb[1] = 64;
+    tc.rows[2] = 16;  tc.colsb[2] = 32;
+    tc.rows[3] = 16;  tc.colsb[3] = 32;
+    tc.rows[4] = 16;  tc.colsb[4] = 64;
+    tc.rows[5] = 16;  tc.colsb[5] = 64;
+    tc.rows[6] = 16;  tc.colsb[6] = 64;
+    tc.rows[7] = 16;  tc.colsb[7] = 64;
+
+    _tile_loadconfig(&tc);
+    done = true;
 }
 
 // we need an extra 16 * 4B (TILE_N * int32_t) for each NB/KB block for compensation.
@@ -267,33 +259,6 @@ int get_row_size(int K) {
     return row_size;
 }
 
-// vectorized dtype conversion
-inline float FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_half val) {
-    __m256i v = _mm256_setr_epi16(
-        val, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-    __m512 o = _mm512_cvtph_ps(v);
-    return _mm512_cvtss_f32(o);
-}
-
-inline __m512 FP16_TO_FP32_VEC(ggml_half val) {
-    __m256i v = _mm256_set1_epi16(val);
-    return _mm512_cvtph_ps(v);
-}
-
-// horizontal reduce
-inline float _mm512_reduce_max_ps(const __m512 x) {
-    __m512 v = x;
-    __m512 v1 = _mm512_shuffle_f32x4(v, v, 0x4E);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    v1 = _mm512_shuffle_f32x4(v, v, 0xB1);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    v1 = _mm512_shuffle_ps(v, v, 0x4E);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    v1 = _mm512_shuffle_ps(v, v, 0xB1);
-    v = _mm512_max_ps(v, v1);
-    return _mm512_cvtss_f32(v);
-}
-
 // transpose utils
 #define SHUFFLE_EPI32(a, b, mask) \
     _mm256_castps_si256(_mm256_shuffle_ps(_mm256_castsi256_ps(a), _mm256_castsi256_ps(b), mask))
@@ -453,7 +418,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_K_vnni(const float * RESTRICT x, void * RESTRICT vy, int64_
 
         // Quantize these floats
         const float iscale = 127.f / amax;
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1 / iscale);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(1 / iscale);
         const float id = ( amax != 0.0f ) ? iscale : 0.f;
         const __m512 vscale = _mm512_set1_ps(id);
 
@@ -1090,7 +1055,7 @@ struct acc_C<block_q8_0, block_q4_0, is_acc> {
         const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((const char *)packed_B + offset)));
 
         for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
+            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
             const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
 
             __m512 vsum;
@@ -1113,8 +1078,8 @@ struct acc_C<block_q8_1, block_q4_1, is_acc> {
         const __m512 vm0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((const char *)packed_B + offset + TILE_N * sizeof(ggml_half))));
 
         for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
-            const __m512 vs1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].s));
+            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
+            const __m512 vs1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].s));
             const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
 
             __m512 vsum;
@@ -1137,7 +1102,7 @@ struct acc_C<block_q8_0, block_q8_0, is_acc> {
         const __m512 vd0 = _mm512_cvtph_ps(_mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((const char *)packed_B + offset)));
 
         for (int m = 0; m < nr; ++m) {
-            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
+            const __m512 vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[m * lda].d));
             const __m512 vtile = _mm512_cvtepi32_ps(_mm512_loadu_si512(tile + m * TILE_N));
 
             __m512 vsum;
@@ -1369,9 +1334,9 @@ struct tinygemm_kernel_avx<float, ggml_fp16_t, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K>
 
 #define LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_AVX(MB_SIZE, NB_SIZE)                                \
     tinygemm_kernel_avx<float, type, float, MB_SIZE, NB_SIZE, blck_size>::apply(    \
-        K, (const float *)src1->data + mb_start * K,                                \
-        (const type *)src0->data + nb_start * K,                                    \
-        (float *)dst->data + mb_start * ldc + nb_start, ldc);
+        K, (const float *)src1->data + src1_offset + mb_start * K,                  \
+        (const type *)src0->data + src0_offset + nb_start * K,                      \
+        (float *)dst->data + dst_offset + mb_start * ldc + nb_start, ldc)
 
 
 // re-organize in the format {NB, KB, TILE_SIZE}:
@@ -1414,8 +1379,8 @@ struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_0, block_q4_0, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLO
         // sum of offsets, shared across COLS
         //
         // avx512-vnni does not have `_mm512_dpbssd_epi32`,
-        // need to transfrom ss to us:
-        //   a * (b - 8) is equavilent to b * a - 8 * a
+        // need to transform ss to us:
+        //   a * (b - 8) is equivalent to b * a - 8 * a
         //   s    u   u                   u   s   u   s
         //
         __m512i vcomp;
@@ -1437,7 +1402,7 @@ struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_0, block_q4_0, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLO
                     va[k] = _mm512_set1_epi32(a_ptr[k]);
                     vcomp = _mm512_dpbusd_epi32(vcomp, off, va[k]);
                 }
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
+                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
             }
 
             // load b
@@ -1498,8 +1463,8 @@ struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_1, block_q4_1, float, 1, BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K>
                 for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
                     va[k] = _mm512_set1_epi32(a_ptr[k]);
                 }
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
-                vs1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].s));
+                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
+                vs1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].s));
             }
 
             // load b
@@ -1571,7 +1536,7 @@ struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_0, block_q8_0, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, BLO
                     va[k] = _mm512_set1_epi32(a_ptr[k]);
                     va[k] = _mm512_add_epi8(va[k], off);
                 }
-                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
+                vd1 = _mm512_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(A[0 * KB + i].d));
             }
 
             // load b
@@ -2018,11 +1983,11 @@ struct tinygemm_kernel_vnni<block_q8_K, block_iq4_xs, float, BLOCK_M, BLOCK_N, B
     }
 };
 
-#define LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(NB_SIZE)                                         \
-    tinygemm_kernel_vnni<vec_dot_type, type, float, 1, NB_SIZE, blck_size>::apply(   \
-        KB, (const char *)wdata + 0 * row_size_A,                                    \
-        (const char *)src0->data + PACKED_INDEX(nb * kTilesN, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE),     \
-        (float *) dst->data + 0 * N + nb_start, ldc)
+#define LAUNCH_TINYGEMM_KERNEL_VNNI(NB_SIZE)                                                   \
+    tinygemm_kernel_vnni<vec_dot_type, type, float, 1, NB_SIZE, blck_size>::apply(             \
+        KB, wdata_batch,                                                                       \
+        (const char *)src0->data + src0_offset + PACKED_INDEX(nb * kTilesN, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE), \
+        (float *) dst->data + dst_offset + nb_start, ldc)
 
 template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC, int BLOCK_K,
           typename std::enable_if<!is_type_qkk<TB>::value, int>::type = 0>
@@ -2078,7 +2043,7 @@ void tinygemm_kernel_amx(int M, int N, int KB, const void * RESTRICT _A, const v
         _tile_stored(TMM5, Tile5(C_pre), TILE_N * sizeof(int32_t));
 
         if (need_unpack) {
-            unpack_B<TB>(Tile1, B_blk0);
+            unpack_B<TB>(Tile1, B_blk1);
             _tile_loadd(TMM1, Tile1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
         } else {
             _tile_loadd(TMM1, B_blk1, TILE_N * VNNI_BLK);
@@ -2335,6 +2300,13 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_convert_weight(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * d
     });
 }
 
+// ne2 is passed explicitly to help compiler optimize repeated calls
+inline int64_t ggml_batch_offset(const ggml_tensor * t, int64_t batch_idx, int64_t ne2) {
+    const int64_t i2 = batch_idx % ne2;
+    const int64_t i3 = batch_idx / ne2;
+    return i3 * t->nb[3] + i2 * t->nb[2];
+}
+
 size_t ggml_backend_amx_desired_wsize(const struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
     struct ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
@@ -2347,12 +2319,13 @@ size_t ggml_backend_amx_desired_wsize(const struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const int M = dst->ne[1];
     const int K = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t n_batch = dst->ne[2] * dst->ne[3];
 
     size_t desired_wsize = 0;
 
     GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
         const size_t row_size_A = K / blck_size * sizeof(vec_dot_type);
-        desired_wsize = M * row_size_A;
+        desired_wsize = n_batch * M * row_size_A;
     });
 
     return desired_wsize;
@@ -2364,7 +2337,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_amx_desired_wsize(const struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
 // src1: input  in shape of {M, K}, float32
 // dst:  output in shape of {M, N}, float32
 //
-// the function performs: dst = src1 @ src0.T
+// the function performs: dst = src1 @ src0.T for each batch
 //
 void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
     struct ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
@@ -2381,17 +2354,26 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_te
     const int K = src0->ne[0];
     const int ldc = dst->nb[1] / dst->nb[0];
 
+    const int64_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const int64_t n_batch = ne2 * dst->ne[3];
+
     if (is_floating_type) {
         constexpr int BLOCK_M = 4;
         constexpr int BLOCK_N = 6;
         const int MB = div_up(M, BLOCK_M);
         const int NB = div_up(N, BLOCK_N);
 
-        parallel_for_ggml(params, MB * NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
+        parallel_for_ggml(params, n_batch * MB * NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
             GGML_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(TYPE, [&] {
                 for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
-                    int mb = i / NB;
-                    int nb = i % NB;
+                    int batch_idx = i / (MB * NB);
+                    int remaining = i % (MB * NB);
+                    int mb = remaining / NB;
+                    int nb = remaining % NB;
+
+                    int64_t src0_offset = ggml_batch_offset(src0, batch_idx, ne2);
+                    int64_t src1_offset = ggml_batch_offset(src1, batch_idx, ne2);
+                    int64_t dst_offset  = ggml_batch_offset(dst,  batch_idx, ne2);
 
                     int mb_start = mb * BLOCK_M;
                     int mb_size = std::min(BLOCK_M, M - mb_start);
@@ -2423,10 +2405,10 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_te
     void * wdata = params->wdata;
 
     //TODO: performance improvement: merge quant A
-    if (params->ith == 0) {
+ // if (params->ith == 0) {
         GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
             const size_t row_size_A = K / blck_size * sizeof(vec_dot_type);
-            const size_t desired_wsize = M * row_size_A;
+            const size_t desired_wsize = n_batch * M * row_size_A;
             if (params->wsize < desired_wsize) {
                 GGML_ABORT("insufficient work space size");
             }
@@ -2435,12 +2417,19 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_te
             // Q4_K, Q5_K, Q6_K, IQ4_XS handles 8 TILE_K per blck_size
             GGML_ASSERT(TILE_K == blck_size || TILE_K * 8 == blck_size);
 
-            const float * A_data = static_cast<const float *>(src1->data);
-            for (int m = 0; m < M; ++m) {
-                from_float<vec_dot_type>(A_data + m * K, (char *)wdata + m * row_size_A, K);
-            }
+            parallel_for_ggml(params, n_batch, [&](int begin, int end) {
+                for (int batch_idx = begin; batch_idx < end; ++batch_idx) {
+                    int64_t src1_offset = ggml_batch_offset(src1, batch_idx, ne2);
+                    const float * A_data = (const float *)((const char *)src1->data + src1_offset);
+                    char * wdata_batch = (char *)wdata + batch_idx * M * row_size_A;
+
+                    for (int m = 0; m < M; ++m) {
+                        from_float<vec_dot_type>(A_data + m * K, wdata_batch + m * row_size_A, K);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
         });
-    }
+ // }
 
     ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
 
@@ -2450,13 +2439,19 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_te
         constexpr int BLOCK_N = TILE_N * kTilesN;
         const int NB = div_up(N, BLOCK_N);
 
-        parallel_for_ggml(params, NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
+        parallel_for_ggml(params, n_batch * NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
             GGML_DISPATCH_QTYPES(TYPE, [&] {
                 const int KB = K / blck_size;
                 const int TILE_SIZE = get_tile_size<type>();
                 const int row_size_A = KB * sizeof(vec_dot_type);
                 for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
-                    int nb = i;
+                    int batch_idx = i / NB;
+                    int nb = i % NB;
+
+                    int64_t src0_offset = ggml_batch_offset(src0, batch_idx, ne2);
+                    int64_t dst_offset  = ggml_batch_offset(dst,  batch_idx, ne2);
+                    const char * wdata_batch = (const char *)wdata + batch_idx * row_size_A;
+
                     int nb_start = nb * BLOCK_N;
                     int nb_size = std::min(BLOCK_N, N - nb_start); // 32, 64, 96
 
@@ -2480,7 +2475,7 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_te
     const int MB = div_up(M, BLOCK_M);
     const int NB = div_up(N, BLOCK_N);
 
-    parallel_for_ggml(params, MB * NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
+    parallel_for_ggml(params, n_batch * MB * NB, [&](int begin, int end) {
         // init tile config for each thread
         ggml_tile_config_init();
 
@@ -2490,8 +2485,14 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_te
             const int row_size_A = KB * sizeof(vec_dot_type);
 
             for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
-                int mb = i / NB;
-                int nb = i % NB;
+                int batch_idx = i / (MB * NB);
+                int remaining = i % (MB * NB);
+                int mb = remaining / NB;
+                int nb = remaining % NB;
+
+                int64_t src0_offset = ggml_batch_offset(src0, batch_idx, ne2);
+                int64_t dst_offset  = ggml_batch_offset(dst,  batch_idx, ne2);
+                const char * wdata_batch = (const char *)wdata + batch_idx * M * row_size_A;
 
                 int mb_start = mb * BLOCK_M;
                 int mb_size = std::min(BLOCK_M, M - mb_start);
@@ -2500,9 +2501,9 @@ void ggml_backend_amx_mul_mat(const ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_te
 
                 tinygemm_kernel_amx<vec_dot_type, type, float, blck_size>(
                     mb_size, nb_size, KB,
-                    (const char *)wdata + mb_start * row_size_A,
-                    (const char *)src0->data + PACKED_INDEX(nb * 2, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE),
-                    (float *) dst->data + mb_start * N + nb_start, ldc);
+                    wdata_batch + mb_start * row_size_A,
+                    (const char *)src0->data + src0_offset + PACKED_INDEX(nb * 2, 0, KB, TILE_SIZE),
+                    (float *) dst->data + dst_offset + mb_start * N + nb_start, ldc);
             }
         });
     });
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch-fallback.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch-fallback.h
index 10e5342516a..41da829315b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch-fallback.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch-fallback.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 #pragma once
 
 // Rename `_generic` functions if no native implementation is available.
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@
 #define ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0
 #define ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1
 #define ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0
+#define ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0
+#define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K
@@ -32,103 +35,211 @@
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM) || defined(_M_ARM64)
 // repack.cpp
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8
-#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
-#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
 #elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64)
+// quants.c
+#define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #elif defined(__POWERPC__) || defined(__powerpc__)
 // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14146#issuecomment-2972561679
 // quants.c
 #define quantize_row_q8_K_generic quantize_row_q8_K
+#define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #elif defined(__loongarch64)
 // quants.c
 #define quantize_row_q8_K_generic quantize_row_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K
+#define ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0
+#define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #elif defined(__riscv)
 // quants.c
-#define quantize_row_q8_K_generic quantize_row_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0
-#define ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K
+#define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
 // repack.cpp
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
-#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x1_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x1
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #elif defined(__s390x__)
 // quants.c
 #define quantize_row_q8_K_generic quantize_row_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0
-#define ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1
+#define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K
@@ -142,17 +253,40 @@
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #elif defined(__wasm__)
 // quants.c
 #define ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1
@@ -167,18 +301,43 @@
 #define ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0
 #define ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K
+#define ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0
+#define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8
+#define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K
+#define ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K
 #define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0
+#define ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/cpu-feats.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/cpu-feats.cpp
index 67369147ce8..c460c549114 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/cpu-feats.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/cpu-feats.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(HWCAP2_SVE2)
+#define HWCAP2_SVE2 (1 << 1)
+#endif
+
 #if !defined(HWCAP2_I8MM)
 #define HWCAP2_I8MM (1 << 13)
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/quants.c
index b0909dac087..82b048bb3ae 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/quants.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include "../../quants.h"
 #include "../../ggml-cpu-impl.h"
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
             const float32x4_t v  = vmulq_n_f32(srcv[j], id);
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         int32x4_t accv = vdupq_n_s32(0);
 
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
             accv = vaddq_s32(accv, vi);
         }
 
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * vaddvq_s32(accv));
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d * vaddvq_s32(accv));
     }
 #else
     GGML_UNUSED(nb);
@@ -194,10 +195,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const int8x16_t y1_h = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs + 16);
 
             float32_t _scale[4] = {
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)
             };
             float32x4_t scale = vld1q_f32(_scale);
 
@@ -274,10 +275,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                     // dot product
                     sumv0 = svmla_n_f32_x(ph4, sumv0, svcvt_f32_s32_x(ph4, svadd_x(ph4,
                                     svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0ls, qy0l),
-                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0hs, qy0h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0hs, qy0h))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
                     sumv1 = svmla_n_f32_x(ph4, sumv1, svcvt_f32_s32_x(ph4, svadd_x(ph4,
                                     svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1ls, qy1l),
-                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1hs, qy1h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1hs, qy1h))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
                 }
 
                 sumf = svaddv_f32(svptrue_b32(), svadd_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), sumv0, sumv1));
@@ -313,9 +314,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
                     // dot product
                     sumv0 = svmla_n_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), sumv0, svcvt_f32_s32_x(svptrue_b32(),
-                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0s, qy0)), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0s, qy0)), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
                     sumv1 = svmla_n_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), sumv1, svcvt_f32_s32_x(svptrue_b32(),
-                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1s, qy1)), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1s, qy1)), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
                 }
 
                 sumf = svaddv_f32(svptrue_b32(), svadd_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), sumv0, sumv1));
@@ -354,9 +355,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
                     // dot product
                     sumv0 = svmla_n_f32_x(ph32, sumv0, svcvt_f32_s32_x(ph32,
-                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0s, qy0)), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0s, qy0)), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
                     sumv1 = svmla_n_f32_x(ph32, sumv1, svcvt_f32_s32_x(ph32,
-                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1s, qy1)), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1s, qy1)), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
                 }
 
                 sumf = svaddv_f32(ph32, svadd_f32_x(ph32, sumv0, sumv1));
@@ -404,8 +405,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int32x4_t p_0 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0ls, v1_0l), v0_0hs, v1_0h);
         const int32x4_t p_1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1ls, v1_1l), v0_1hs, v1_1h);
 
-        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_0), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
-        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_1), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_0), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_1), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
     }
 
     sumf = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
@@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        sumf += sumi*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -464,10 +465,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT b_y1 = &vy1[i];
 
             float32_t summs_t[4] = {
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->s),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->s),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->s),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->s)
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->s),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->s),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->s),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->s)
             };
             summs0 = vaddq_f32(summs0, vld1q_f32(summs_t));
 
@@ -490,10 +491,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
             // mmla into int32x4_t
             float32_t _scale[4] = {
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)
             };
             float32x4_t scale = vld1q_f32(_scale);
 
@@ -539,7 +540,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib + 0];
         const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y1 = &y[ib + 1];
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s) + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);
 
         const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);
 
@@ -562,8 +563,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int32x4_t p_0 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0l, v1_0l), v0_0h, v1_0h);
         const int32x4_t p_1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1l, v1_1l), v0_1h, v1_1h);
 
-        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_0), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
-        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_1), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_0), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_1), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
     }
 
     sumf = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1) + summs;
@@ -582,12 +583,157 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
 }
 
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+#if defined __ARM_NEON
+    const int8x16_t values = vld1q_s8(kvalues_mxfp4);
+    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    uint8x16x2_t q4bits;
+    int8x16x4_t q4b;
+    int8x16x4_t q8b;
+    int32x4_t prod_1;
+    int32x4_t prod_2;
+
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        q4bits.val[0] = vld1q_u8(x[ib + 0].qs);
+        q4bits.val[1] = vld1q_u8(x[ib + 1].qs);
+        q8b.val[0]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib + 0].qs);
+        q8b.val[1]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib + 0].qs + 16);
+        q8b.val[2]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib + 1].qs);
+        q8b.val[3]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib + 1].qs + 16);
+
+        q4b.val[0] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[0], m4b));
+        q4b.val[1] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[0], 4));
+        q4b.val[2] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[1], m4b));
+        q4b.val[3] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[1], 4));
+
+        prod_1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4b.val[0], q8b.val[0]), q4b.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
+        prod_2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4b.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q4b.val[3], q8b.val[3]);
+
+        sumf +=
+            GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 0].e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_1) +
+            GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 1].e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_2);
+    }
+
+#endif
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib].e);
+        int sumi1 = 0;
+        int sumi2 = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_MXFP4/2; ++j) {
+            sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j +          0] * kvalues_mxfp4[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
+            sumi2 += y[ib].qs[j + QK_MXFP4/2] * kvalues_mxfp4[x[ib].qs[j] >>  4];
+        }
+        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
+    }
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_NVFP4 == 0);
+
+    const block_nvfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    // Each NVFP4 super-block (64 elements) spans 2 q8_0 blocks
+    const int nb = n / QK_NVFP4;
+
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+#if defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_FMA)
+    const int8x16_t values = vld1q_s8(kvalues_mxfp4);
+    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    float32x4_t acc = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
+
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const uint8x16_t q4bits_0 = vld1q_u8(x[ib].qs);
+        const uint8x16_t q4bits_1 = vld1q_u8(x[ib].qs + 16);
+
+        const int8x16_t q4_lo_0 = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits_0, m4b));
+        const int8x16_t q4_hi_0 = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits_0, 4));
+        const int8x16_t q4_lo_1 = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits_1, m4b));
+        const int8x16_t q4_hi_1 = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits_1, 4));
+
+        const int8x16_t q8_0a = vld1q_s8(y[2*ib].qs);
+        const int8x16_t q8_0b = vld1q_s8(y[2*ib].qs + 16);
+        const int8x16_t q8_lo_0 = vcombine_s8(vget_low_s8(q8_0a), vget_low_s8(q8_0b));
+        const int8x16_t q8_hi_0 = vcombine_s8(vget_high_s8(q8_0a), vget_high_s8(q8_0b));
+
+        const int8x16_t q8_1a = vld1q_s8(y[2*ib+1].qs);
+        const int8x16_t q8_1b = vld1q_s8(y[2*ib+1].qs + 16);
+        const int8x16_t q8_lo_1 = vcombine_s8(vget_low_s8(q8_1a), vget_low_s8(q8_1b));
+        const int8x16_t q8_hi_1 = vcombine_s8(vget_high_s8(q8_1a), vget_high_s8(q8_1b));
+
+        const int32x4_t p0 = vaddq_s32(
+            ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4_lo_0, q8_lo_0),
+            ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4_hi_0, q8_hi_0));
+        const int32x4_t p1 = vaddq_s32(
+            ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4_lo_1, q8_lo_1),
+            ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4_hi_1, q8_hi_1));
+
+        const int32x4_t sums = vpaddq_s32(p0, p1);
+
+        // Decode 4 UE4M3 scales to f32 and multiply with q8 scales
+        const float dy0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[2*ib].d);
+        const float dy1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[2*ib+1].d);
+        const float32x4_t nvsc = {
+            ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(x[ib].d[0]),
+            ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(x[ib].d[1]),
+            ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(x[ib].d[2]),
+            ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(x[ib].d[3])
+        };
+        const float32x4_t scales = vmulq_f32(nvsc, (float32x4_t){dy0, dy0, dy1, dy1});
+
+        acc = vfmaq_f32(acc, vcvtq_f32_s32(sums), scales);
+    }
+    sumf = vaddvq_f32(acc);
+#else
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        for (int si = 0; si < 4; ++si) {
+            const float d = ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(x[ib].d[si]);
+            const int q8b = si / 2;
+            const int q8o = (si % 2) * QK_NVFP4_SUB;
+            const float dy = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[2*ib + q8b].d);
+
+            int sumi_lo = 0, sumi_hi = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < QK_NVFP4_SUB/2; ++j) {
+                const uint8_t qv = x[ib].qs[si*(QK_NVFP4_SUB/2) + j];
+                sumi_lo += y[2*ib + q8b].qs[q8o + j +               0] * kvalues_mxfp4[qv & 0xf];
+                sumi_hi += y[2*ib + q8b].qs[q8o + j + QK_NVFP4_SUB/2] * kvalues_mxfp4[qv >>  4];
+            }
+            sumf += dy * d * (sumi_lo + sumi_hi);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
@@ -666,10 +812,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                         ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0lf, v1_0l),
-                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hf, v1_0h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hf, v1_0h))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
         sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                         ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1lf, v1_1l),
-                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1hf, v1_1h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1hf, v1_1h))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
     }
 
     sumf = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
@@ -694,7 +840,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -739,8 +885,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);
 
-        summs0 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
-        summs1 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);
+        summs0 += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
+        summs1 += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);
 
         // extract the 5th bit via lookup table ((b) << 4)
         memcpy(&qh0, x0->qh, sizeof(qh0));
@@ -784,10 +930,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                         ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0lf, v1_0l),
-                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hf, v1_0h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hf, v1_0h))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
         sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                         ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1lf, v1_1l),
-                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1hf, v1_1h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1hf, v1_1h))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
     }
 
     sumf = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1) + summs0 + summs1;
@@ -812,7 +958,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -864,10 +1010,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const int8x16_t y1_h = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs + 16);
 
             float32_t _scale[4] = {
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
-                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
+                GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)
             };
             float32x4_t scale = vld1q_f32(_scale);
 
@@ -906,7 +1052,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
 
-    //VLA Implemenation for SVE
+    //VLA Implementation for SVE
     switch (vector_length) {
         case 128:
             {
@@ -934,10 +1080,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
                     sumv0 = svmla_n_f32_x(pl16, sumv0, svcvt_f32_s32_x(pl16, svadd_x(pl16,
                                     svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0_0, qy0_0),
-                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0_1, qy0_1))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0_1, qy0_1))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
                     sumv1 = svmla_n_f32_x(pl16, sumv1, svcvt_f32_s32_x(pl16, svadd_x(pl16,
                                     svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1_0, qy1_0),
-                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1_1, qy1_1))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                                    svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1_1, qy1_1))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
                 }
 
                 sumf = svaddv_f32(pl16, svadd_f32_x(pl16, sumv0, sumv1));
@@ -960,9 +1106,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                     const svint8_t qy1 = svld1_s8(svptrue_b8(), y1->qs);
 
                     sumv0 = svmla_n_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), sumv0, svcvt_f32_s32_x(svptrue_b32(),
-                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0, qy0)), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx0, qy0)), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
                     sumv1 = svmla_n_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), sumv1, svcvt_f32_s32_x(svptrue_b32(),
-                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1, qy1)), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                                svdot_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), qx1, qy1)), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
                 }
 
                 sumf = svaddv_f32(svptrue_b32(), svadd_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), sumv0, sumv1));
@@ -1002,8 +1148,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                     qy_64 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), qy_32, qy_64);
 
                     // scale creation
-                    const float32_t deq1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d);
-                    const float32_t deq2 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d);
+                    const float32_t deq1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d);
+                    const float32_t deq2 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d);
 
                     // duplicate deq1 in first half of vector and deq2 in second half of vector
                     const svfloat32_t temp = svdup_f32_m(svdup_f32_z(ph8, deq1), pl8, deq2);
@@ -1043,11 +1189,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                         ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x0_0, y0_0),
-                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x0_1, y0_1))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x0_1, y0_1))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
 
         sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                         ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x1_0, y1_0),
-                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x1_1, y1_1))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x1_1, y1_1))), GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
     }
 
     sumf = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
@@ -1059,7 +1205,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
         }
 
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        sumf += sumi*(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -1217,7 +1363,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         const int16x8_t ysum0 = vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums);
         const int16x8_t ysum1 = vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums + 8);
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
         sumi0 = vaddq_s32(sumi0, sumi1);
@@ -1235,44 +1381,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-    const uint8_t pow3[6] = {1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243};
-
-    float sumf = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        int sum = 0;
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(x->qs) - sizeof(x->qs) % 32; j += 32) {
-            for (size_t l = 0; l < 5; ++l) {
-                for (size_t m = 0; m < 32; ++m) {
-                    uint8_t q = x[i].qs[j + m] * pow3[l];
-                    uint16_t xi = ((uint16_t) q * 3) >> 8;
-                    sum += (xi - 1) * y[i].qs[j*5 + l*32 + m];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        for (size_t j = sizeof(x->qs) - sizeof(x->qs) % 32; j < sizeof(x->qs); j += 16) {
-            for (size_t l = 0; l < 5; ++l) {
-                for (size_t m = 0; m < 16; ++m) {
-                    uint8_t q = x[i].qs[j + m] * pow3[l];
-                    uint16_t xi = ((uint16_t) q * 3) >> 8;
-                    sum += (xi - 1) * y[i].qs[j*5 + l*16 + m];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (size_t l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(x->qh); ++j) {
-                uint8_t q = x[i].qh[j] * pow3[l];
-                uint16_t xi = ((uint16_t) q * 3) >> 8;
-                sum += (xi - 1) * y[i].qs[sizeof(x->qs)*5 + l*sizeof(x->qh) + j];
-            }
-        }
-
-        sumf += (float) sum * (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1362,7 +1474,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         const int16x8_t ysum0 = vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums);
         const int16x8_t ysum1 = vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums + 8);
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
         sumi0 = vaddq_s32(sumi0, sumi1);
@@ -1380,25 +1492,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-    float sumf = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        int32_t sumi = 0;
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(x->qs); j += 32) {
-            for (size_t l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                for (size_t k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {
-                    sumi += y[i].qs[j*4 + l*32 + k] * (((x[i].qs[j + k] >> (l*2)) & 3) - 1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-
-        sumf += (float) sumi * d;
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1425,9 +1522,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     switch (vector_length) {
         case 128:
             for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-                const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+                const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
                 svfloat32_t d_broad = svdup_n_f32((float32_t)d);
-                const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+                const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
                 svfloat32_t dmin_broad = svdup_n_f32((float32_t)dmin);
 
                 const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
@@ -1570,9 +1667,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         case 256:
         case 512:
             for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-                const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+                const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
                 svfloat32_t d_broad = svdup_n_f32((float32_t)d);
-                const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+                const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
                 svfloat32_t dmin_broad = svdup_n_f32((float32_t)dmin);
 
                 const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
@@ -1671,8 +1768,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sum = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -1728,45 +1825,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sum;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-
-        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-
-        int summs = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
-        }
-
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
-
-        int isum = 0;
-        int is = 0;
-        int d;
-        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K/128; ++k) {
-            int shift = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                int isuml = 0;
-                for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                isuml = 0;
-                for (int l = 16; l < 32; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                shift += 2;
-                q8 += 32;
-            }
-            q2 += 32;
-        }
-        sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1805,7 +1867,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3_sv = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh_sv = x[i].hmask;
@@ -1981,7 +2043,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].hmask;
@@ -2056,72 +2118,36 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sum;
 
 #else
-    // scalar version
-    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
-    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
-    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
-    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
-    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
-    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    uint32_t auxs[4];
-    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].hmask;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q3 += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-
-        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
-        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
-        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 
 }
 
+#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+static inline svuint32_t ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla(const uint32_t * vx_scales) {
+    const svbool_t pg_all   = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4);
+    const svbool_t pg_false = svpfalse_b();            // 0x0000
+    const svbool_t pg_lo_8  = svwhilelt_b8_s32(0,  8); // 0x00ff
+    const svbool_t pg_odd   = svzip1_b32(pg_false, pg_lo_8);
+
+    svuint32_t vutmp_hi, vutmp_lo;
+    svuint32_t vx01 = svld1_u32(pg_lo_8, vx_scales);
+    vutmp_hi = svzip1_u32(vx01, vx01);
+    vutmp_hi = svlsr_n_u32_m(pg_odd, vutmp_hi, 2);
+    vutmp_hi = svreinterpret_u32_u64(svand_n_u64_x(pg_all, svreinterpret_u64_u32(vutmp_hi), UINT64_C(0x303030303f3f3f3f)));
+    const svuint32_t vx2 = svdup_u32(vx_scales[2]);
+    vutmp_lo = svlsr_u32_x(pg_all, vx2, svreinterpret_u32_s32(svindex_s32(-2, 2)));
+    vutmp_lo = svand_n_u32_z(pg_odd, vutmp_lo, UINT32_C(0x0f0f0f0f));
+    svuint32_t vutmp = svorr_u32_z(pg_all, vutmp_hi, vutmp_lo);
+    return vutmp;
+}
+#endif
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     assert(n % QK_K == 0);
 #ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8
@@ -2144,8 +2170,220 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
 
     uint32_t utmp[4];
+#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+    const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
+#endif
 
-#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    if (nrc == 2) {
+        svbool_t pg32_2 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL2);
+
+        const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx0 = vx;
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy0 = vy;
+        const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx1 = (const block_q4_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vx + bx);
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy1 = (const block_q8_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vy + by);
+
+        union {
+            uint32_t u32[8];
+            uint64_t u64[4];
+        } new_utmp;
+
+        svfloat32_t sumf1 = svdup_n_f32(0);
+
+        switch (vector_length) {
+            case 128:
+                {
+                    svbool_t pg_false = svpfalse_b();
+                    svbool_t pg_lo_8  = svwhilelt_b8_s32(0,  8);
+                    svbool_t vmins_mask1= svzip1_b32(pg_lo_8, pg_false);
+                    svbool_t vmins_mask2 = svzip1_b32(pg_false, pg_lo_8);
+                    svbool_t pg128_all  = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_VL16);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d));
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_x(pg128_all, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        svfloat32_t vx_dmins = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].dmin)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].dmin)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_dmins = svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d));
+                        svfloat32_t svdmins = svmul_n_f32_x(pg128_all, svmul_f32_x(pg128_all, vy_dmins, vx_dmins), -1);
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_0 = vx0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_0 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_1 = vx1[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_1 = vy1[i].qs;
+                        svint16_t lo = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums + 0);
+                        svint16_t hi = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums + 8);
+                        svint16_t sum_tmp1 = svuzp1_s16(lo, hi);
+                        svint16_t sum_tmp2 = svuzp2_s16(lo, hi);
+                        svint16_t svq8sums_0 = svadd_s16_x(pg128_all, sum_tmp1, sum_tmp2);
+                        lo = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums + 0);
+                        hi = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums + 8);
+                        sum_tmp1 = svuzp1(lo, hi);
+                        sum_tmp2 = svuzp2(lo, hi);
+                        svint16_t svq8sums_1 = svadd_s16_x(pg128_all, sum_tmp1, sum_tmp2);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales0 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx0[i].scales);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales1 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx1[i].scales);
+                        svuint32x2_t decoded_scales = svcreate2_u32(decoded_scales0, decoded_scales1);
+                        svst2_u32(pg128_all, new_utmp.u32, decoded_scales);
+                        svint16_t svmins8_0 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u32(svuzp1_u32(svld1_u32(vmins_mask1, new_utmp.u32+4), svdup_n_u32(0)))));
+                        svint16_t svmins8_1 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u32(svuzp2_u32(svld1_u32(vmins_mask2, new_utmp.u32+4), svdup_n_u32(0)))));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp1 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_0, svmins8_0));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp2 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_0, svmins8_1));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp3 = svtrn1_s32(svsumfs_tmp1, svsumfs_tmp2);
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp4 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_1, svmins8_0));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp5 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_1, svmins8_1));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp6 = svtrn1_s32(svsumfs_tmp4, svsumfs_tmp5);
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp7 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp8 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp = svadd_s32_x(pg128_all, svsumfs_tmp7, svsumfs_tmp8);
+                        svint32_t svscales, sumi1, sumi2;
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif1 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif2 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint8_t q4bytes_0_l, q4bytes_0_h, q4bytes_1_l, q4bytes_1_h, l0, l1, l2, l3,
+                                 q8bytes_0_h, q8bytes_0_l, q8bytes_1_h, q8bytes_1_l, r0, r1, r2, r3;
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
+                            q4bytes_0_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0), 0xf));
+                            q4bytes_1_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1), 0xf));
+                            q4bytes_0_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0+16), 0xf));
+                            q4bytes_1_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1+16), 0xf));
+                            l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            l3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            q8bytes_0_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0);
+                            q8bytes_1_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1);
+                            q8bytes_0_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0+16);
+                            q8bytes_1_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1+16);
+                            r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            r3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            sumi1 = svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1), r2, l2), r3, l3);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-1)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif1 = svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, acc_sumif1, svscales, sumi1);
+
+                            q4bytes_0_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0), 4));
+                            q4bytes_1_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1), 4));
+                            q4bytes_0_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0+16), 4));
+                            q4bytes_1_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1+16), 4));
+                            l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            l3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            q8bytes_0_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0+32);
+                            q8bytes_1_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1+32);
+                            q8bytes_0_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0+48);
+                            q8bytes_1_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1+48);
+                            r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            r3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            sumi2 = svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1), r2, l2), r3, l3);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-2)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif2 = svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, acc_sumif2, svscales, sumi2);
+                            q4_0 += 32; q4_1 += 32; q8_0 += 64; q8_1 += 64;
+                        }
+                        sumf1 = svmla_f32_x(pg128_all,
+                                svmla_f32_x(pg128_all,
+                                    sumf1,
+                                    svcvt_f32_x(pg128_all,
+                                        svadd_s32_x(pg128_all, acc_sumif1, acc_sumif2)),
+                                    svsuper_block_scales),
+                                svdmins,
+                                svcvt_f32_s32_x(pg128_all, svsumfs_tmp));
+                    }  //end of for nb
+                } // end of case 128
+                break;
+            case 256:
+            case 512:
+                {
+                    const svbool_t pg32_4 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4);
+                    const svbool_t pg8_16 = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_VL16);
+                    const svbool_t pg256_all = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_ALL);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_0 = vx0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_0 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_1 = vx1[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_1 = vy1[i].qs;
+                        svint32_t svscales, sumi1, sumi2;
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif1 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif2 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint8_t l0, l1, l2, l3, r0, r1, r2, r3;
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat64_t vy_d_tmp = svreinterpret_f64_f32(svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svreinterpret_f32_f64(svuzp1_f64(vy_d_tmp, vy_d_tmp));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_z(pg32_4, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        svfloat32_t vx_dmins = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].dmin)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].dmin)));
+                        svfloat64_t vy_dmins_tmp = svreinterpret_f64_f32(svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_dmins = svreinterpret_f32_f64(svuzp1_f64(vy_dmins_tmp, vy_dmins_tmp));
+                        svfloat32_t svdmins = svmul_n_f32_x(pg32_4, svmul_f32_x(pg32_4, vx_dmins, vy_dmins), -1);
+                        svint16_t rc1 = svuzp1_s16(svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy0[i].bsums), svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy1[i].bsums));
+                        svint16_t rc2 = svuzp2_s16(svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy0[i].bsums), svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy1[i].bsums));
+                        svint16_t svq8sums = svadd_s16_x(pg256_all, rc1, rc2);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales0 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx0[i].scales);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales1 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx1[i].scales);
+                        svuint32x2_t decoded_scales = svcreate2_u32(decoded_scales0, decoded_scales1);
+                        svst2_u32(pg8_16, new_utmp.u32, decoded_scales);
+                        svint16_t new_svq8sums_0 = svreinterpret_s16_u64(svtrn1_u64(svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums), svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums)));
+                        svint16_t new_svq8sums_1 = svreinterpret_s16_u64(svtrn2_u64(svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums), svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums)));
+                        svuint64_t new_mins_0 = svdup_u64(new_utmp.u64[2]);
+                        svuint64_t new_mins_1 = svdup_u64(new_utmp.u64[3]);
+                        svint16_t new_svmins8_0 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u64(new_mins_0)));
+                        svint16_t new_svmins8_1 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u64(new_mins_1)));
+                        svint64_t dot_prod_0 = svdot_s64(svdup_s64(0), new_svmins8_0, new_svq8sums_0);
+                        svint64_t dot_prod_1 = svdot_s64(dot_prod_0, new_svmins8_1, new_svq8sums_1);
+                        svfloat32_t converted_dot_prod_1 = svcvt_f32_s64_x(pg256_all, dot_prod_1);
+                        svfloat32_t svsumfs_tmp = svuzp1_f32(converted_dot_prod_1, converted_dot_prod_1);
+
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_0 = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_0), 0xf);
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_1 = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_1), 0xf);
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_2 = svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_0), 4);
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_3 = svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_1), 4);
+                            l0 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip1_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_0), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_1)));
+                            l1 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip2_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_0), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_1)));
+                            l2 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip1_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_2), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_3)));
+                            l3 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip2_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_2), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_3)));
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_0 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_0);
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_1 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_1);
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_2 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_0+32);
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_3 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_1+32);
+                            r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                            r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                            r2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_2), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_3)));
+                            r3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_2), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_3)));
+                            sumi1 = svmmla(svmmla(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-1)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif1 = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, acc_sumif1, svscales, sumi1);
+                            sumi2 = svmmla(svmmla(svdup_n_s32(0), r2, l2), r3, l3);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-2)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif2 = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, acc_sumif2, svscales, sumi2);
+                            q4_0 += 32; q4_1 += 32; q8_0 += 64; q8_1 += 64;
+                        }
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif = svadd_s32_x(pg256_all, acc_sumif1, acc_sumif2);
+                        svint32_t swap_acc_sumif = svext_s32(acc_sumif, acc_sumif, 4);
+                        acc_sumif = svadd_s32_x(pg32_4, acc_sumif, swap_acc_sumif);
+                        sumf1 = svmla_f32_x(pg32_4,
+                                svmla_f32_x(pg32_4,
+                                    sumf1,
+                                    svcvt_f32_x(pg32_4, acc_sumif),
+                                    svsuper_block_scales),
+                                svdmins,
+                                svsumfs_tmp);
+                    } // end of for nb
+                } // end of case 256-512
+                break;
+            default:
+                assert(false && "Unsupported vector length");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s, sumf1);
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s + bs, svreinterpret_f32_u8(svext_u8(svreinterpret_u8_f32(sumf1), svdup_n_u8(0), 8)));
+
+        return;
+    }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
     if (nrc == 2) {
         const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = x;
         const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = (const block_q4_K *) ((const uint8_t *)vx + bx);
@@ -2258,18 +2496,18 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                 bias[3] = vaddvq_s32(vaddq_s32(vmull_s16(vget_low_s16(y1_sums), vget_low_s16(x1_mins)),
                                                vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(y1_sums), vget_high_s16(x1_mins))));
                 const float32x4_t dmins = {
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->dmin) * y0->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->dmin) * y1->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->dmin) * y0->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->dmin) * y1->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->dmin) * y0->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->dmin) * y1->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->dmin) * y0->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->dmin) * y1->d,
                 };
                 vfsum = vmlsq_f32(vfsum, vcvtq_f32_s32(vld1q_s32(bias)), dmins);
 
                 const float32x4_t superblock_scale = {
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y0->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y1->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y0->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y1->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y0->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y1->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y0->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y1->d,
                 };
                 vfsum = vmlaq_f32(vfsum, vcvtq_f32_s32(visum), superblock_scale);
             }
@@ -2289,8 +2527,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const int16x8_t q8sums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums), vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums + 8));
 
@@ -2313,7 +2551,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
-        const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
         const svuint8_t m4b = svdup_n_u8(0xf);
         const svint32_t mzero = svdup_n_s32(0);
         svint32_t sumi1 = svdup_n_s32(0);
@@ -2377,8 +2614,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const int16x8_t q8sums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums), vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums + 8));
 
@@ -2430,61 +2667,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            a += 32;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            a += 32; q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2520,8 +2710,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const int16x8_t q8sums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums), vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums + 8));
 
@@ -2577,66 +2767,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2657,7 +2795,201 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     const int nb = n / QK_K;
 
-#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+    const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
+#endif
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    if (nrc == 2) {
+        const svbool_t pg32_2 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL2);
+
+        svfloat32_t sum = svdup_n_f32(0);
+
+        const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx0 = vx;
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy0 = vy;
+        const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx1 = (const block_q6_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vx + bx);
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy1 = (const block_q8_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vy + by);
+
+        switch (vector_length) {
+            case 128:
+                {
+                    const svbool_t pg128_all = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_ALL);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql0 = vx0[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh0 = vx0[i].qh;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql1 = vx1[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh1 = vx1[i].qh;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q80 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q81 = vy1[i].qs;
+
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale0 = vx0[i].scales;
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale1 = vx1[i].scales;
+
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d));
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_x(pg128_all, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        // process q8sum summation 128 bit route
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_01 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_02 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums + 8);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_11 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_12 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums + 8);
+                        const svint64x2_t q6scales_0_tmp = svld2_s64(pg128_all, (const int64_t *)scale0);
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_01 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_0_tmp, 0)));
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_02 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_0_tmp, 1)));
+                        const svint64x2_t q6scales_1_tmp = svld2_s64(pg128_all, (const int64_t *)scale1);
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_11 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_1_tmp, 0)));
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_12 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_1_tmp, 1)));
+                        const svint64_t prod = svdup_n_s64(0);
+
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp1 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_01, q6scales_01), q8sums_02, q6scales_02));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp2 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_01, q6scales_11), q8sums_02, q6scales_12));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp3 = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp1, isum_tmp2);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp4 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_11, q6scales_01), q8sums_12, q6scales_02));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp5 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_11, q6scales_11), q8sums_12, q6scales_12));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp6 = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp4, isum_tmp5);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp7 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp8 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t svisum_mins = svadd_s32_x(pg128_all, isum_tmp7, isum_tmp8);
+
+                        // process mmla
+                        svint8_t  l0, l1, r0, r1;
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
+                            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_0 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, qh0+16*(k%2));
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_1 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, qh1+16*(k%2));
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_0 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, ql0+16*(k%4));
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_1 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, ql1+16*(k%4));
+                                const int ql_pos = (k/4)*4;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_0, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_0, 4);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_1, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_1, 4);
+                                const int qh_pos = (k/2)*2;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, qhbits_0, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, qhbits_1, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svint8_t  q6bytes_0, q6bytes_1;
+                                if (qh_pos <= 4) {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_0_lo, q6bytes_0_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_1_lo, q6bytes_1_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                } else {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_0_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_0_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_1_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_1_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                }
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_0 = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q80+16*(k%8));
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_1 = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q81+16*(k%8));
+                                l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                svint32_t svscale = svzip1_s32(svdup_n_s32(scale0[k]), svdup_n_s32(scale1[k]));
+                                isum_tmp = svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, isum_tmp, svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1), svscale);
+                            }
+                            qh0 += 32;  qh1 += 32;
+                            ql0 += 64;  ql1 += 64;
+                            q80 += 128; q81 += 128;
+                            scale0 += 8; scale1 += 8;
+                        }
+                        sum = svmla_f32_x(pg128_all, sum,
+                                svcvt_f32_x(pg128_all, svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, isum_tmp,
+                                        svisum_mins, svdup_n_s32(-32))),
+                                svsuper_block_scales);
+                    }
+                } // end of case 128
+                break;
+            case 256:
+            case 512:
+                {
+                    const svbool_t pg256_all = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_ALL);
+                    const svbool_t pg32_4 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql0 = vx0[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh0 = vx0[i].qh;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql1 = vx1[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh1 = vx1[i].qh;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q80 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q81 = vy1[i].qs;
+
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale0 = vx0[i].scales;
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale1 = vx1[i].scales;
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat64_t vy_d_tmp = svreinterpret_f64_f32(svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svreinterpret_f32_f64(svuzp1_f64(vy_d_tmp, vy_d_tmp));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_x(pg32_4, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        // process q8sum summation 256 bit route
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_0 = svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy0[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_1 = svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy1[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_0 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg256_all, scale0));
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_1 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg256_all, scale1));
+                        const svint64_t prod = svdup_n_s64(0);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp1  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_0, q6scales_0));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp2  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_0, q6scales_1));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp3  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_1, q6scales_0));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp4  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_1, q6scales_1));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp5  = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp1, isum_tmp2);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp6  = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp3, isum_tmp4);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp7  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp5), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp8  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp5), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp9  = svadd_s32_x(pg256_all, isum_tmp7, isum_tmp8);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp10 = svreinterpret_s32_u8(svext_u8(svreinterpret_u8_s32(isum_tmp9), svreinterpret_u8_s32(isum_tmp9), 16));
+                        svint32_t svisum_mins = svadd_s32_z(pg32_4, isum_tmp9, isum_tmp10);
+
+                        // process mmla
+                        svint8_t l0, l1, r0, r1;
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
+                            for (int k = 0; k < 8; k+=2) { // process 2 block
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_0  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, qh0);
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_1  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, qh1);
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_0  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, ql0+32*((k%4)/2));
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_1  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, ql1+32*((k%4)/2));
+                                const int ql_pos = (k/4)*4;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_0, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_0, 4);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_1, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_1, 4);
+                                const int qh_pos = (k/2)*2;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, qhbits_0, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, qhbits_1, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svint8_t  q6bytes_0, q6bytes_1;
+                                if (qh_pos <= 4) {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_0_lo, q6bytes_0_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_1_lo, q6bytes_1_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                } else {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_0_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_0_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_1_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_1_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                }
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_0 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q80+32*(k/2));
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_1 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q81+32*(k/2));
+                                l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                svint32_t svscale0 = svzip1_s32(svdup_n_s32(scale0[k]), svdup_n_s32(scale1[k]));
+                                svint32_t svscale1 = svzip1_s32(svdup_n_s32(scale0[k+1]), svdup_n_s32(scale1[k+1]));
+                                isum_tmp = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, isum_tmp, svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), svscale0);
+                                isum_tmp = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, isum_tmp, svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r1, l1), svscale1);
+                            }
+                            qh0 += 32;  qh1 += 32;
+                            ql0 += 64;  ql1 += 64;
+                            q80 += 128; q81 += 128;
+                            scale0 += 8; scale1 += 8;
+                        } // end of for
+                        svint32_t swap_isum_tmp = svext_s32(isum_tmp, isum_tmp, 4);
+                        isum_tmp = svadd_s32_x(pg32_4, isum_tmp, swap_isum_tmp);
+                        sum = svmla_f32_x(pg32_4, sum,
+                                svcvt_f32_x(pg32_4, svmla_s32_x(pg32_4, isum_tmp,
+                                        svisum_mins, svdup_n_s32(-32))),
+                                svsuper_block_scales);
+                    }
+                } // end of case 256
+                break;
+            default:
+                assert(false && "Unsupported vector length");
+                break;
+        } // end of switch
+
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s, sum);
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s + bs, svreinterpret_f32_u8(svext_u8(svreinterpret_u8_f32(sum), svdup_n_u8(0), 8)));
+
+        return;
+    }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
     if (nrc == 2) {
         const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = x;
         const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = (const block_q6_K *) ((const uint8_t *)vx + bx);
@@ -2771,27 +3103,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             // adjust bias, apply superblock scale
             {
                 int32_t bias[4];
-#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
-                const svbool_t pg16_8 = svptrue_pat_b16(SV_VL8);
-                const svbool_t pg8_8 = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_VL8);
-                const svint16_t y0_q8sums_0 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y0->bsums);
-                const svint16_t y0_q8sums_1 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y0->bsums + 8);
-                const svint16_t y1_q8sums_0 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y1->bsums);
-                const svint16_t y1_q8sums_1 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y1->bsums + 8);
-                const svint16_t x0_q6scales_0 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x0->scales));
-                const svint16_t x0_q6scales_1 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x0->scales + 8));
-                const svint16_t x1_q6scales_0 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x1->scales));
-                const svint16_t x1_q6scales_1 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x1->scales + 8));
-                const svint64_t zero = svdup_n_s64(0);
-                bias[0] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_0, x0_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_1, x0_q6scales_1)));
-                bias[1] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_0, x0_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_1, x0_q6scales_1)));
-                bias[2] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_0, x1_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_1, x1_q6scales_1)));
-                bias[3] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_0, x1_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_1, x1_q6scales_1)));
-#else
                 // NEON doesn't support int16 dot product, fallback to separated mul and add
                 const int16x8x2_t q8sums0 = vld1q_s16_x2(y0->bsums);
                 const int16x8x2_t q8sums1 = vld1q_s16_x2(y1->bsums);
@@ -2823,14 +3134,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                                            vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(q8sums1.val[1]), vget_high_s16(q6scales1.val[1]))));
                 bias[3] = vaddvq_s32(prod);
 
-#endif
                 const int32x4_t vibias = vmulq_n_s32(vld1q_s32(bias), 32);
 
                 const float32x4_t superblock_scale = {
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y0->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y1->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y0->d,
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y1->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y0->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * y1->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y0->d,
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * y1->d,
                 };
 
                 visum = vsubq_s32(visum, vibias);
@@ -2849,7 +3159,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
-    const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
     float sum = 0;
     svuint8_t m4b = svdup_n_u8(0xf);
     svint32_t vzero = svdup_n_s32(0);
@@ -2858,7 +3167,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     svuint8_t q6h_1, q6h_2, q6h_3, q6h_4;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d_all = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q6 = x[i].ql;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -3011,7 +3320,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d_all = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q6 = x[i].ql;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -3092,47 +3401,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     }
     *s = sum;
 #else
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
-                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-            }
-            a  += 128;
-            q4 += 64;
-            qh += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3199,7 +3471,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
         float sumf1 = 0, sumf2 = 0;
@@ -3228,34 +3500,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.25f * sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32[2];
-    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(aux32, q2, 2*sizeof(uint32_t));
-            q2 += 4;
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32[1] >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[l]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32[1] >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3284,7 +3532,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
         const uint8x8_t scales8 = vld1_u8(x[i].scales);
@@ -3326,42 +3574,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
     *s = 0.125f * sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT sc = x[i].scales;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            const uint16_t ls1 = 2*(sc[ib32] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint16_t ls2 = 2*(sc[ib32] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-            q2 += 4;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3398,7 +3614,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -3454,45 +3670,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = 0.125f * sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * signs = qs + QK_K/8;
-
-        int bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            int ls1 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] & 0xf);
-            int ls2 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] >>  4);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi1 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi2 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += ls1 * sumi1 + ls2 * sumi2;
-            qs += 4;
-            signs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 
 }
@@ -3521,7 +3702,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -3552,36 +3733,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.5f * sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(&aux32, gas, sizeof(uint32_t)); gas += sizeof(uint32_t);
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32 >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+0]);
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+1]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            q3 += 8;
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.25f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3630,7 +3785,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = (const uint16_t *)x[i].signs;
@@ -3688,48 +3843,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = x[i].signs;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
-            const uint32_t ls1 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint32_t ls2 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3786,42 +3903,16 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
         }
 
-        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * (sumi1 + sumi2 + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi3);
+        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * (sumi1 + sumi2 + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi3);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-
-        int sumi = 0, sumi1 = 0;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
-            const int ls = 2*((qh[ib] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
-            const int delta = qh[ib] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1;
-            int lsum = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((qh[ib] >> 3*l) & 7) << 8)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    lsum += q8[j] * grid[j];
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            sumi  += ls * lsum;
-            sumi1 += ls * delta * (y[i].bsums[2*ib+0] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+1]);
-            qs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3905,58 +3996,17 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
         }
 
-        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * (vaddvq_s32(sumi1) + IQ1M_DELTA * vaddvq_s32(sumi2));
+        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * (vaddvq_s32(sumi1) + IQ1M_DELTA * vaddvq_s32(sumi2));
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    int sum1[2], sum2[2], delta[4];
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
-
-        scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
-
-        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
-            delta[0] = qh[0] & 0x08 ? -1 : 1;
-            delta[1] = qh[0] & 0x80 ? -1 : 1;
-            delta[2] = qh[1] & 0x08 ? -1 : 1;
-            delta[3] = qh[1] & 0x80 ? -1 : 1;
-            sum1[0] = sum1[1] = sum2[0] = sum2[1] = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((uint16_t)qh[l/2] << (8 - 4*(l%2))) & 0x700)));
-                int lsum1 = 0, lsum2 = 0;
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    lsum1 += q8[j] * grid[j];
-                    lsum2 += q8[j];
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-                sum1[l/2] += lsum1;
-                sum2[l/2] += lsum2*delta[l];
-            }
-
-            const int ls1 = 2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+0)) & 0x7) + 1;
-            const int ls2 = 2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+3)) & 0x7) + 1;
-
-            sumi1 += sum1[0] * ls1 + sum1[1] * ls2;
-            sumi2 += sum2[0] * ls1 + sum2[1] * ls2;
-            qs += 4;
-            qh += 2;
-        }
-
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * y[i].d * (sumi1 + IQ1M_DELTA * sumi2);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(scale);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -4003,13 +4053,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
         prod_2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4b.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q4b.val[3], q8b.val[3]);
 
         sumf +=
-            GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib+0].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_1) +
-            GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib+1].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_2);
+            GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib+0].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_1) +
+            GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib+1].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_2);
     }
 
 #endif
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
         int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
             sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j+       0] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
@@ -4071,43 +4121,16 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
         }
 
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
-        const float d4d8 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
-        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
-            const uint8_t ls1 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] & 0xf) | ((h << 4) & 0x30);
-            const uint8_t ls2 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] >>  4) | ((h << 2) & 0x30);
-            h >>= 4;
-            const float d1 = d4d8*(ls1 - 32);
-            const float d2 = d4d8*(ls2 - 32);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d1 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-            sumi1 = sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d2 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-        }
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/repack.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/repack.cpp
index 39a0dd301db..80ff5ce549b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/repack.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/repack.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 #include "traits.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
@@ -23,6 +24,30 @@
 
 #define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
 
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && (defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD))
+// Helper for decoding scales and mins of Q4_K and Q5_K block formats
+static inline void decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(const uint8_t * scales_in, int16x8_t * out_mins, int8_t * out_scales) {
+    constexpr uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    constexpr uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    constexpr uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
+    constexpr uint8_t  scales_size = 12;
+
+    uint32_t sm[3];
+    memcpy(sm, scales_in, scales_size);
+
+    const uint32_t   mins_0_3 = sm[1] & kmask1;
+    const uint32_t   mins_4_7 = ((sm[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((sm[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+    const uint32x2_t mins_u32 = { mins_0_3, mins_4_7 };
+
+    *out_mins = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vmovl_u8(vreinterpret_u8_u32(mins_u32)));
+
+    uint32_t scales_u32[2];
+    scales_u32[0] = sm[0] & kmask1;
+    scales_u32[1] = (sm[2] & kmask2) | (((sm[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+    memcpy(out_scales, scales_u32, 8);
+}
+#endif
+
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
     assert(QK8_0 == 32);
     assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
@@ -51,7 +76,7 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
             const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
             id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         }
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
@@ -85,35 +110,9 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
         }
     }
 #else
-    // scalar
-    const int blck_size_interleave = 4;
-    float srcv[4][QK8_0];
-    float id[4];
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        for (int row_iter = 0; row_iter < 4; row_iter++) {
-            float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-                srcv[row_iter][j] = x[row_iter * k + i * QK8_0 + j];
-                amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j]));
-            }
-
-            const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-            id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
-        }
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0 * 4; j++) {
-            int src_offset = (j / (4 * blck_size_interleave)) * blck_size_interleave;
-            int src_id = (j % (4 * blck_size_interleave)) / blck_size_interleave;
-            src_offset += (j % blck_size_interleave);
-
-            float x0 = srcv[src_id][src_offset] * id[src_id];
-            y[i].qs[j] = roundf(x0);
-        }
-    }
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic(x, vy, k);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
             const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
             id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         }
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
@@ -204,35 +203,9 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
     }
 
 #else
-    // scalar
-    const int blck_size_interleave = 8;
-    float srcv[4][QK8_0];
-    float id[4];
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        for (int row_iter = 0; row_iter < 4; row_iter++) {
-            float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-                srcv[row_iter][j] = x[row_iter * k + i * QK8_0 + j];
-                amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j]));
-            }
-
-            const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-            id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
-        }
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0 * 4; j++) {
-            int src_offset = (j / (4 * blck_size_interleave)) * blck_size_interleave;
-            int src_id = (j % (4 * blck_size_interleave)) / blck_size_interleave;
-            src_offset += (j % blck_size_interleave);
-
-            float x0 = srcv[src_id][src_offset] * id[src_id];
-            y[i].qs[j] = roundf(x0);
-        }
-    }
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic(x, vy, k);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -294,29 +267,7 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     }
     return;
 #endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-    float sumf[4];
-    int sumi;
-
-    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-        const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sumi = 0;
-                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
-                    }
-                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
-    }
+    ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
@@ -382,29 +333,7 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     }
     return;
 #endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-    float sumf[4];
-    int sumi;
-
-    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-        const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sumi = 0;
-                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
-                    }
-                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
-    }
+    ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
@@ -496,31 +425,7 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 #endif // #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
 
 #endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__)
-    {
-        float sumf[8];
-        int sumi;
-
-        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                        sumi = 0;
-                        for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                            const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                            const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                            sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
-                        }
-                        sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
-        }
-    }
+    ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
 void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
@@ -590,41 +495,16 @@ void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     }
     return;
 #endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
-    {
-        float sumf[4];
-        int sumi;
-
-        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                        sumi = 0;
-                        for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                            const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
-                            const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
-                            sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2]));
-                        }
-                        sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
-        }
-    }
+    ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
     const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
     const int blocklen = 4;
 
     assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
     assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
     UNUSED(s);
@@ -638,179 +518,1505 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     UNUSED(blocklen);
 
 #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-    const void * b_ptr = vx;
-    const void * a_ptr = vy;
+    const int8x16_t kvalues = vld1q_s8(kvalues_mxfp4);
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
     float * res_ptr = s;
-    size_t res_stride = bs * sizeof(float);
 
-    __asm__ __volatile__(
-        "mov x10, %x[nr]\n"
-        "mov x9, #0x88\n"
-        "cmp x10, #0x10\n"
-        "mul x9, %x[nb], x9\n"
-        "blt 4f\n"
-        "1:"  // Row loop
-        "add x28, %x[b_ptr], #0x8\n"
-        "mov x27, %x[nc]\n"
-        "add x26, %x[res_ptr], %x[res_stride], LSL #4\n"
-        "2:"  // Column loop
-        "add x25, %x[a_ptr], #0x8\n"
-        "movi v15.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v19.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "mov x24, %x[nb]\n"
-        "add x23, x25, x9\n"
-        "movi v18.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v14.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "add x22, x23, x9\n"
-        "movi v11.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v13.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "add x21, x22, x9\n"
-        "movi v23.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v16.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v25.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v7.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v0.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v4.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v5.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v21.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v8.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v1.16b, #0x0\n"
-        "3:"  // Block loop
-        "ldr q3, [x28, #0x0]\n"
-        "ldr q31, [x25, #0x0]\n"
-        "movi v28.16b, #0x4\n"
-        "movi v10.4s, #0x0\n"
-        "ldr q22, [x28, #0x10]\n"
-        "ldr q6, [x25, #0x10]\n"
-        "movi v29.4s, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v9.4s, #0x0\n"
-        "ldr q27, [x28, #0x20]\n"
-        "ldr q30, [x28, #0x30]\n"
-        "movi v20.4s, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v24.16b, #0xf0\n"
-        "ldr d2, [x25, #-0x8]\n"
-        "ldr d26, [x23, #-0x8]\n"
-        "sshl v12.16b, v3.16b, v28.16b\n"
-        "sub x20, x28, #0x8\n"
-        "ldr d17, [x20, #0x0]\n"
-        "and v3.16b, v3.16b, v24.16b\n"
-        "subs x24, x24, #0x1\n"
-        "add x28, x28, #0x48\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f9fe18a  // sdot v10.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fbfe19d  // sdot v29.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f9fe989  // sdot v9.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fbfe994  // sdot v20.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[3]\n"
-        "sshl v31.16b, v22.16b, v28.16b\n"
-        "and v22.16b, v22.16b, v24.16b\n"
-        "fcvtl v17.4s, v17.4h\n"
-        "fcvtl v2.4s, v2.4h\n"
-        "fcvtl v26.4s, v26.4h\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f86e3ea  // sdot v10.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fa6e3fd  // sdot v29.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f86ebe9  // sdot v9.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fa6ebf4  // sdot v20.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[3]\n"
-        "sshl v6.16b, v27.16b, v28.16b\n"
-        "sshl v28.16b, v30.16b, v28.16b\n"
-        "and v27.16b, v27.16b, v24.16b\n"
-        "and v30.16b, v30.16b, v24.16b\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x20]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e0ca  // sdot v10.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e0dd  // sdot v29.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e8c9  // sdot v9.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e8d4  // sdot v20.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x30]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e38a  // sdot v10.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e39d  // sdot v29.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98eb89  // sdot v9.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8eb94  // sdot v20.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x40]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e06a  // sdot v10.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e07d  // sdot v29.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e869  // sdot v9.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e874  // sdot v20.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x50]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e2ca  // sdot v10.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e2dd  // sdot v29.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98eac9  // sdot v9.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8ead4  // sdot v20.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x60]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e36a  // sdot v10.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e37d  // sdot v29.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98eb69  // sdot v9.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8eb74  // sdot v20.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x70]\n"
-        "add x25, x25, #0x88\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e3ca  // sdot v10.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e3dd  // sdot v29.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98ebc9  // sdot v9.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8ebd4  // sdot v20.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "fmul v24.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[0]\n"
-        "scvtf v10.4s, v10.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "scvtf v29.4s, v29.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "scvtf v9.4s, v9.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "scvtf v20.4s, v20.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "fmla v15.4s, v10.4s, v24.4s\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x0]\n"
-        "fmul v10.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[1]\n"
-        "fmla v19.4s, v29.4s, v10.4s\n"
-        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x10]\n"
-        "fmul v29.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[2]\n"
-        "fmul v2.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[3]\n"
-        "fmla v18.4s, v9.4s, v29.4s\n"
-        "movi v9.4s, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v29.4s, #0x0\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e189  // sdot v9.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e19d  // sdot v29.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        "fmla v14.4s, v20.4s, v2.4s\n"
-        "movi v20.4s, #0x0\n"
-        "movi v2.4s, #0x0\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e994  // sdot v20.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e982  // sdot v2.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x20]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8ae3e9  // sdot v9.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faae3fd  // sdot v29.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8aebf4  // sdot v20.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faaebe2  // sdot v2.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x30]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e0c9  // sdot v9.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e0dd  // sdot v29.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e8d4  // sdot v20.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e8c2  // sdot v2.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x40]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8ae389  // sdot v9.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faae39d  // sdot v29.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8aeb94  // sdot v20.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faaeb82  // sdot v2.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x50]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e069  // sdot v9.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e07d  // sdot v29.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e874  // sdot v20.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e862  // sdot v2.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x60]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8ae2c9  // sdot v9.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faae2dd  // sdot v29.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8aead4  // sdot v20.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faaeac2  // sdot v2.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x70]\n"
-        "add x23, x23, #0x88\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98e369  // sdot v9.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8e37d  // sdot v29.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f98eb74  // sdot v20.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4fb8eb62  // sdot v2.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
-        "ldr q24, [x22, #0x0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8ae3c9  // sdot v9.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faae3dd  // sdot v29.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4f8aebd4  // sdot v20.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
-        ".inst 0x4faaebc2  // sdot v2.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
-        "fmul v10.4s, v17.4s, v26.s[0]\n"
-        "scvtf v9.4s, v9.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "scvtf v29.4s, v29.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "scvtf v20.4s, v20.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "scvtf v2.4s, v2.4s, #0x4\n"
-        "fmla v11.4s, v9.4s, v10.4s\n"
-        "ldr q9, [x22, #0x10]\n"
-        "fmul v10.4s, v17.4s, v26.s[1]\n"
-        "fmla v13.4s, v29.4s, v10.4s\n"
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_mxfp4x4 * b_ptr = (const block_mxfp4x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        float32x4_t sumf = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            uint8x16_t b_0 = vld1q_u8(b_ptr[l].qs + 0);
+            uint8x16_t b_1 = vld1q_u8(b_ptr[l].qs + 16);
+            uint8x16_t b_2 = vld1q_u8(b_ptr[l].qs + 32);
+            uint8x16_t b_3 = vld1q_u8(b_ptr[l].qs + 48);
+
+            int8x16_t b_0_hi = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_0 >> 4);
+            int8x16_t b_0_lo = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_0 & 0x0F);
+            int8x16_t b_1_hi = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_1 >> 4);
+            int8x16_t b_1_lo = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_1 & 0x0F);
+            int8x16_t b_2_hi = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_2 >> 4);
+            int8x16_t b_2_lo = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_2 & 0x0F);
+            int8x16_t b_3_hi = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_3 >> 4);
+            int8x16_t b_3_lo = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b_3 & 0x0F);
+
+            int8x16_t a_0 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 0);
+            int8x16_t a_1 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 16);
+
+            int32x4_t sumi = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_0_lo, a_0, 0);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_0_hi, a_1, 0);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_1_lo, a_0, 1);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_1_hi, a_1, 1);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_2_lo, a_0, 2);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_2_hi, a_1, 2);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_3_lo, a_0, 3);
+            sumi = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi, b_3_hi, a_1, 3);
+
+            float32x4_t a_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_dup_f16((const float16_t *)&a_ptr[l].d));
+            float32x4_t b_d = {
+                GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[0]),
+                GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[1]),
+                GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[2]),
+                GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[3]),
+            };
+            float32x4_t d = a_d * b_d;
+
+            sumf = vmlaq_f32(sumf, d, vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi));
+        }
+
+        vst1q_f32(res_ptr + x * 4, sumf);
+    }
+    return;
+#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
+    ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    col_groups = ncols_interleaved / 4; // 0123 and 4567
+    const uint8x16_t m4b        = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+
+    // 1x8 tile = 2 x 4
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[col_groups];
+
+    const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q4_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < col_groups; i++) {
+            acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        }
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            float32x4_t q4_d_0        = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].d));      // d0 d1 d2 d3
+            float32x4_t q4_d_1        = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].d + 4));  // d4 d5 d6 d7
+            float32x4_t q8_d          = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_0123 = vmulq_f32(q4_d_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_4567 = vmulq_f32(q4_d_1, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t q4_dmin_0     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].dmin));      // dmin 0..3
+            float32x4_t q4_dmin_1     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].dmin + 4));  // dmin 4..7
+            float32x4_t sb_min_0123   = vmulq_f32(q4_dmin_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_min_4567   = vmulq_f32(q4_dmin_1, q8_d);
+
+            // interleaved bias_acc: [0]->r0 0123, [1]->r0 4567
+            int32x4_t bias_acc[2] = { vdupq_n_s32(0), vdupq_n_s32(0) };
+            int32x4_t acc_lo[col_groups];
+            int32x4_t acc_hi[col_groups];
+
+            // Each bsum is 16 elements, pairwise add leaves us with the 8 bsums of the entire block
+            const int16x8_t bsums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 8));
+            int16_t         bsums_arr[8];
+            vst1q_s16(bsums_arr, bsums);
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < col_groups; i++) {
+                    acc_lo[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    acc_hi[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+                // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                int16x8_t q4sb_mins[2];
+                int16x8_t q4sb_scales[2];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                    int8_t    aux_q4sb[8];
+                    const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                    decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q4_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q4sb_mins[i], aux_q4sb);
+                    q4sb_scales[i] = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(aux_q4sb));
+                }
+
+                int8x16_t q8_qs[64 / 16];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 64 / 16; i++) {
+                    q8_qs[i] = vld1q_s8(q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 64 + i * 16);
+                }
+
+                for (int c = 0; c < col_groups; c++) {
+                    uint8x16_t q4_cols[8];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                        q4_cols[i] = vld1q_u8(q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + i * 32 + 16 * c);
+                    }
+
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[0], m4b)), q8_qs[0], 0);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[1], m4b)), q8_qs[0], 1);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[2], m4b)), q8_qs[0], 2);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[3], m4b)), q8_qs[0], 3);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[4], m4b)), q8_qs[1], 0);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[5], m4b)), q8_qs[1], 1);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[6], m4b)), q8_qs[1], 2);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_cols[7], m4b)), q8_qs[1], 3);
+
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[0], 4)), q8_qs[2], 0);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[1], 4)), q8_qs[2], 1);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[2], 4)), q8_qs[2], 2);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[3], 4)), q8_qs[2], 3);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[4], 4)), q8_qs[3], 0);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[5], 4)), q8_qs[3], 1);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[6], 4)), q8_qs[3], 2);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_cols[7], 4)), q8_qs[3], 3);
+                }
+
+                // Scales
+                // row c0123 blk0 and blk1
+                const int16x4_t   sc_0123_lo = vget_low_s16(q4sb_scales[0]);
+                const int16x4_t   sc_0123_hi = vget_low_s16(q4sb_scales[1]);
+                const float32x4_t sumf_0123  = vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_lo), acc_lo[0]),
+                                                                       vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_hi), acc_hi[0])));
+                acc_f32[0]                   = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[0], sb_scale_0123, sumf_0123);
+                // row c4567 blk0 and blk1
+                const int16x4_t   sc_4567_lo = vget_high_s16(q4sb_scales[0]);
+                const int16x4_t   sc_4567_hi = vget_high_s16(q4sb_scales[1]);
+                const float32x4_t sumf_4567  = vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_lo), acc_lo[1]),
+                                                                       vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_hi), acc_hi[1])));
+                acc_f32[1]                   = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[1], sb_scale_4567, sumf_4567);
+
+                // Bias Correction
+                const int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 0]);
+                const int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 1]);
+
+                bias_acc[0] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[0], bsums_vec_lo, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                bias_acc[0] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[0], bsums_vec_hi, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+                bias_acc[1] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[1], bsums_vec_lo, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                bias_acc[1] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[1], bsums_vec_hi, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+            }  // for sb
+
+            acc_f32[0] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[0], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[0]), sb_min_0123);
+            acc_f32[1] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[1], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[1]), sb_min_4567);
+        }  // for b
+
+        int base = x * ncols_interleaved;
+        vst1q_f32(s + base, acc_f32[0]);
+        vst1q_f32(s + base + 4, acc_f32[1]);
+    }  // for x
+    return;
+#endif  // #if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    col_pairs = ncols_interleaved / 2;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b       = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+
+    // 1x8 tile = 2 x 4
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[ncols_interleaved / 4];
+
+    const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q4_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < ncols_interleaved / 4; i++) {
+            acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        }
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            float32x4_t q4_d_0     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].d));      // d0 d1 d2 d3
+            float32x4_t q4_d_1     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].d + 4));  // d4 d5 d6 d7
+            float32x4_t q8_d       = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_0 = vmulq_f32(q4_d_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_1 = vmulq_f32(q4_d_1, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t q4_dmin_0  = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].dmin));      // dmin 0..3
+            float32x4_t q4_dmin_1  = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].dmin + 4));  // dmin 4..7
+            float32x4_t sb_min_0   = vmulq_f32(q4_dmin_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_min_1   = vmulq_f32(q4_dmin_1, q8_d);
+
+            // interleaved bias_acc: [0]->r0 0123, [1]->r0 4567
+            int32x4_t bias_acc[2] = { vdupq_n_s32(0), vdupq_n_s32(0) };
+            // 2 sb each iteration
+            int32x4_t acc_lo[col_pairs];
+            int32x4_t acc_hi[col_pairs];
+
+            // Each bsum is 16 elements, pairwise add leaves us with the 8 bsums of the entire block
+            const int16x8_t bsums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 8));
+            int16_t         bsums_arr[8];
+            vst1q_s16(bsums_arr, bsums);
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < col_pairs; i++) {
+                    acc_lo[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    acc_hi[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+                // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                int16x8_t q4sb_mins[2];  // int16 as its needed for bias_acc later
+                int16x8_t q4sb_scales[2];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                    int8_t    aux_q4sb[8];
+                    const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                    decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q4_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q4sb_mins[i], aux_q4sb);
+                    q4sb_scales[i] = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(aux_q4sb));
+                }
+
+                const uint8_t * q4_base = q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K;
+
+                // Load the 64 quants from q8K duplicated to use vecdots with the interleaved columns
+                // but still need the qs to use the low and hi bits from q4
+                const int8_t * q8_base = q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 64;
+                int8x16_t      q8_qs[8];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    q8_qs[i] = (int8x16_t) vld1q_dup_s64((const int64_t *) (q8_base + i * 8));
+                }
+
+                // Q4s columns iterated in pairs (01, 23, 45, 67)
+                for (int cp = 0; cp < col_pairs; cp++) {
+                    uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_0 = vld1q_u8(q4_base + 16 * cp);
+                    uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_1 = vld1q_u8(q4_base + 16 * cp + 64);
+                    uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_2 = vld1q_u8(q4_base + 16 * cp + 128);
+                    uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_3 = vld1q_u8(q4_base + 16 * cp + 192);
+
+                    acc_lo[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_lo[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_0, m4b)), q8_qs[0]);  // 0 .. 7
+                    acc_lo[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_lo[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_1, m4b)), q8_qs[1]);  // 8 ..15
+                    acc_lo[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_lo[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_2, m4b)), q8_qs[2]);  // 16..23
+                    acc_lo[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_lo[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_3, m4b)), q8_qs[3]);  // 24..31
+
+                    acc_hi[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_0, 4)), q8_qs[4]);  // 32..39
+                    acc_hi[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_1, 4)), q8_qs[5]);  // 40..47
+                    acc_hi[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_2, 4)), q8_qs[6]);  // 48..55
+                    acc_hi[cp] =
+                        ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[cp], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_3, 4)), q8_qs[7]);  // 56..63
+                }
+
+                // Iterates over a pair of column pairs (4 columns) to use a single 128 register
+                // p = 0 -> 0123  p2 -> 4567
+                for (int i = 0, p = 0; p < col_pairs; i++, p += 2) {
+                    int16x4_t   group_scales_lo = p == 0 ? vget_low_s16(q4sb_scales[0]) : vget_high_s16(q4sb_scales[0]);
+                    int16x4_t   group_scales_hi = p == 0 ? vget_low_s16(q4sb_scales[1]) : vget_high_s16(q4sb_scales[1]);
+                    float32x4_t sb_scale        = p == 0 ? sb_scale_0 : sb_scale_1;
+
+                    // 0123 or 4567
+                    float32x4_t sumf_0 =
+                        vcvtq_f32_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(group_scales_lo), vpaddq_s32(acc_lo[p], acc_lo[p + 1])));
+                    acc_f32[i] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[i], sb_scale, sumf_0);
+
+                    float32x4_t sumf_1 =
+                        vcvtq_f32_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(group_scales_hi), vpaddq_s32(acc_hi[p], acc_hi[p + 1])));
+                    acc_f32[i] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[i], sb_scale, sumf_1);
+                }
+
+                // Multiply Acc bsum + mins
+                // Each pair of subblocks share the same bsums
+                // Load scalar bsum → broadcast to a vector (vdupq_n_s16(s)).
+                int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 0]);
+                int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 1]);
+
+                // cols 0-3 bias
+                bias_acc[0] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[0], bsums_vec_lo, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                bias_acc[0] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[0], bsums_vec_hi, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+
+                // cols 4-7 bias
+                bias_acc[1] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[1], bsums_vec_lo, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                bias_acc[1] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[1], bsums_vec_hi, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+            }  // for sb
+
+            acc_f32[0] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[0], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[0]), sb_min_0);
+            acc_f32[1] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[1], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[1]), sb_min_1);
+        }  // for b
+
+        int base = x * ncols_interleaved;
+        vst1q_f32(s + base, acc_f32[0]);
+        vst1q_f32(s + base + 4, acc_f32[1]);
+    }  // for x
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    col_groups = ncols_interleaved / 4;  // 0123 and 4567
+    const uint8x16_t m4b        = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mone       = vdupq_n_u8(1);
+    const uint8x16_t mtwo       = vdupq_n_u8(2);
+
+    // 1x8 tile = 2 x 4
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[col_groups];
+
+    const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q5_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q5_ptr = (const block_q5_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < col_groups; i++) {
+            acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        }
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            float32x4_t q5_d_0        = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].d));      // d0 d1 d2 d3
+            float32x4_t q5_d_1        = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].d + 4));  // d4 d5 d6 d7
+            float32x4_t q8_d          = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_0123 = vmulq_f32(q5_d_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_4567 = vmulq_f32(q5_d_1, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t q5_dmin_0     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].dmin));      // dmin 0..3
+            float32x4_t q5_dmin_1     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].dmin + 4));  // dmin 4..7
+            float32x4_t sb_min_0123   = vmulq_f32(q5_dmin_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_min_4567   = vmulq_f32(q5_dmin_1, q8_d);
+
+            // interleaved bias_acc: [0]->r0 0123, [1]->r0 4567
+            int32x4_t bias_acc[2] = { vdupq_n_s32(0), vdupq_n_s32(0) };
+            int32x4_t acc_lo[col_groups];
+            int32x4_t acc_hi[col_groups];
+
+            // Each bsum is 16 elements, pairwise add leaves us with the 8 bsums of the entire block
+            const int16x8_t bsums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 8));
+            int16_t         bsums_arr[8];
+            vst1q_s16(bsums_arr, bsums);
+
+            uint8x16_t qh[col_groups][8];
+            for (int c = 0; c < col_groups; c++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    qh[c][i] = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qh + i * 32 + 16 * c);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < col_groups; i++) {
+                    acc_lo[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    acc_hi[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+                // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                int16x8_t q5sb_mins[2];
+                int16x8_t q5sb_scales[2];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                    int8_t    aux_q5sb[8];
+                    const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                    decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q5_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q5sb_mins[i], aux_q5sb);
+                    q5sb_scales[i] = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(aux_q5sb));
+                }
+
+                int8x16_t q8_qs[4];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                    q8_qs[i] = vld1q_s8(q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 64 + i * 16);
+                }
+
+                for (int c = 0; c < col_groups; c++) {
+                    uint8x16_t q5_cols[8];
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_lo[8];
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_hi[8];
+                    int8x16_t  q5_lo[8];
+                    int8x16_t  q5_hi[8];
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                        q5_cols[i] = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + i * 32 + 16 * c);
+                        hbit_lo[i] = vandq_u8(qh[c][i], mone);
+                        hbit_hi[i] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[c][i], mtwo), 3);
+                        qh[c][i]   = vshrq_n_u8(qh[c][i], 2);
+                        q5_lo[i]   = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q5_cols[i], m4b), hbit_lo[i], 4));
+                        q5_hi[i]   = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q5_cols[i], 4), hbit_hi[i]));
+                    }
+
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[0], q8_qs[0], 0);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[1], q8_qs[0], 1);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[2], q8_qs[0], 2);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[3], q8_qs[0], 3);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[4], q8_qs[1], 0);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[5], q8_qs[1], 1);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[6], q8_qs[1], 2);
+                    acc_lo[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[c], q5_lo[7], q8_qs[1], 3);
+
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[0], q8_qs[2], 0);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[1], q8_qs[2], 1);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[2], q8_qs[2], 2);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[3], q8_qs[2], 3);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[4], q8_qs[3], 0);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[5], q8_qs[3], 1);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[6], q8_qs[3], 2);
+                    acc_hi[c] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[c], q5_hi[7], q8_qs[3], 3);
+                }
+
+                // Scales
+                // row c0123 blk0 and blk1
+                const int16x4_t   sc_0123_lo = vget_low_s16(q5sb_scales[0]);
+                const int16x4_t   sc_0123_hi = vget_low_s16(q5sb_scales[1]);
+                const float32x4_t sumf_0123  = vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_lo), acc_lo[0]),
+                                                                       vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_hi), acc_hi[0])));
+                acc_f32[0]                   = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[0], sb_scale_0123, sumf_0123);
+                // row c4567 blk0 and blk1
+                const int16x4_t   sc_4567_lo = vget_high_s16(q5sb_scales[0]);
+                const int16x4_t   sc_4567_hi = vget_high_s16(q5sb_scales[1]);
+                const float32x4_t sumf_4567  = vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_lo), acc_lo[1]),
+                                                                       vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_hi), acc_hi[1])));
+                acc_f32[1]                   = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[1], sb_scale_4567, sumf_4567);
+
+                // Bias Correction
+                const int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 0]);
+                const int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 1]);
+
+                bias_acc[0] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[0], bsums_vec_lo, vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[0]));
+                bias_acc[0] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[0], bsums_vec_hi, vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[1]));
+                bias_acc[1] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[1], bsums_vec_lo, vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[0]));
+                bias_acc[1] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[1], bsums_vec_hi, vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[1]));
+            }  // for sb
+
+            acc_f32[0] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[0], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[0]), sb_min_0123);
+            acc_f32[1] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[1], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[1]), sb_min_4567);
+        }  // for b
+
+        int base = x * ncols_interleaved;
+        vst1q_f32(s + base, acc_f32[0]);
+        vst1q_f32(s + base + 4, acc_f32[1]);
+    }  // for x
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    col_pairs = ncols_interleaved / 2;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b       = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mone      = vdupq_n_u8(1);
+    const uint8x16_t mtwo      = vdupq_n_u8(2);
+
+    // 1x8 tile = 2 x 4
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[ncols_interleaved / 4];
+
+    const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q5_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q5_ptr = (const block_q5_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < ncols_interleaved / 4; i++) {
+            acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        }
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            float32x4_t q5_d_0     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].d));      // d0 d1 d2 d3
+            float32x4_t q5_d_1     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].d + 4));  // d4 d5 d6 d7
+            float32x4_t q8_d       = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_0 = vmulq_f32(q5_d_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_1 = vmulq_f32(q5_d_1, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t q5_dmin_0  = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].dmin));      // dmin 0..3
+            float32x4_t q5_dmin_1  = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].dmin + 4));  // dmin 4..7
+            float32x4_t sb_min_0   = vmulq_f32(q5_dmin_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_min_1   = vmulq_f32(q5_dmin_1, q8_d);
+
+            // 2 sb each iteration
+            int32x4_t acc_lo[col_pairs];
+            int32x4_t acc_hi[col_pairs];
+
+            // Each bsum is 16 elements, pairwise add leaves us with the 8 bsums of the entire block
+            const int16x8_t bsums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 8));
+            int16_t         bsums_arr[8];
+            vst1q_s16(bsums_arr, bsums);
+
+            // Load qh once per block and shift after each subblock
+            const uint8_t * qh_base = q5_ptr[b].qh;
+            uint8x16_t      qh[col_pairs][4];
+            for (int cp = 0; cp < col_pairs; cp++) {
+                qh[cp][0] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp);
+                qh[cp][1] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp + 64);
+                qh[cp][2] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp + 128);
+                qh[cp][3] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp + 192);
+            }
+
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < col_pairs; i++) {
+                    acc_lo[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    acc_hi[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+                // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                int16x8_t q5sb_mins[2];  // int16 as its needed for bias_acc later
+                int16x8_t q5sb_scales[2];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                    int8_t    aux_q5sb[8];
+                    const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                    decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q5_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q5sb_mins[i], aux_q5sb);
+                    q5sb_scales[i] = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(aux_q5sb));
+                }
+
+                const uint8_t * qs_base = q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K;
+
+                // Load the 64 quants from q8K duplicated to use vecdots with the interleaved columns
+                const int8_t * q8_base = q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 64;
+                int8x16_t      q8_qs[8];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    q8_qs[i] = (int8x16_t) vld1q_dup_s64((const int64_t *) (q8_base + i * 8));
+                }
+
+                // Q5s column pair loop unrolled
+                {
+                    // Cols 01
+                    uint8x16_t qs_0 = vld1q_u8(qs_base);
+                    uint8x16_t qs_1 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 64);
+                    uint8x16_t qs_2 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 128);
+                    uint8x16_t qs_3 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 192);
+
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_lo_0 = vandq_u8(qh[0][0], mone);
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_lo_1 = vandq_u8(qh[0][1], mone);
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_lo_2 = vandq_u8(qh[0][2], mone);
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_lo_3 = vandq_u8(qh[0][3], mone);
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_hi_0 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[0][0], mtwo), 3);
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_hi_1 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[0][1], mtwo), 3);
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_hi_2 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[0][2], mtwo), 3);
+                    uint8x16_t hbit_hi_3 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[0][3], mtwo), 3);
+
+                    qh[0][0] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[0][0], 2);
+                    qh[0][1] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[0][1], 2);
+                    qh[0][2] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[0][2], 2);
+                    qh[0][3] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[0][3], 2);
+
+                    acc_lo[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_0, m4b), hbit_lo_0, 4)), q8_qs[0]);
+                    acc_lo[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_1, m4b), hbit_lo_1, 4)), q8_qs[1]);
+                    acc_lo[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_2, m4b), hbit_lo_2, 4)), q8_qs[2]);
+                    acc_lo[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_3, m4b), hbit_lo_3, 4)), q8_qs[3]);
+                    acc_hi[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_0, 4), hbit_hi_0)),
+                                               q8_qs[4]);
+                    acc_hi[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_1, 4), hbit_hi_1)),
+                                               q8_qs[5]);
+                    acc_hi[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_2, 4), hbit_hi_2)),
+                                               q8_qs[6]);
+                    acc_hi[0] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_3, 4), hbit_hi_3)),
+                                               q8_qs[7]);
+
+                    // Cols 23
+                    qs_0 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 16);
+                    qs_1 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 80);
+                    qs_2 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 144);
+                    qs_3 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 208);
+
+                    hbit_lo_0 = vandq_u8(qh[1][0], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_1 = vandq_u8(qh[1][1], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_2 = vandq_u8(qh[1][2], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_3 = vandq_u8(qh[1][3], mone);
+                    hbit_hi_0 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[1][0], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_1 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[1][1], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_2 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[1][2], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_3 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[1][3], mtwo), 3);
+
+                    qh[1][0] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[1][0], 2);
+                    qh[1][1] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[1][1], 2);
+                    qh[1][2] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[1][2], 2);
+                    qh[1][3] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[1][3], 2);
+
+                    acc_lo[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_0, m4b), hbit_lo_0, 4)), q8_qs[0]);
+                    acc_lo[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_1, m4b), hbit_lo_1, 4)), q8_qs[1]);
+                    acc_lo[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_2, m4b), hbit_lo_2, 4)), q8_qs[2]);
+                    acc_lo[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_3, m4b), hbit_lo_3, 4)), q8_qs[3]);
+                    acc_hi[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_0, 4), hbit_hi_0)),
+                                               q8_qs[4]);
+                    acc_hi[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_1, 4), hbit_hi_1)),
+                                               q8_qs[5]);
+                    acc_hi[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_2, 4), hbit_hi_2)),
+                                               q8_qs[6]);
+                    acc_hi[1] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_3, 4), hbit_hi_3)),
+                                               q8_qs[7]);
+
+                    // Cols 45
+                    qs_0 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 32);
+                    qs_1 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 96);
+                    qs_2 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 160);
+                    qs_3 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 224);
+
+                    hbit_lo_0 = vandq_u8(qh[2][0], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_1 = vandq_u8(qh[2][1], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_2 = vandq_u8(qh[2][2], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_3 = vandq_u8(qh[2][3], mone);
+                    hbit_hi_0 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[2][0], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_1 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[2][1], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_2 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[2][2], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_3 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[2][3], mtwo), 3);
+
+                    qh[2][0] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[2][0], 2);
+                    qh[2][1] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[2][1], 2);
+                    qh[2][2] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[2][2], 2);
+                    qh[2][3] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[2][3], 2);
+
+                    acc_lo[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_0, m4b), hbit_lo_0, 4)), q8_qs[0]);
+                    acc_lo[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_1, m4b), hbit_lo_1, 4)), q8_qs[1]);
+                    acc_lo[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_2, m4b), hbit_lo_2, 4)), q8_qs[2]);
+                    acc_lo[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_3, m4b), hbit_lo_3, 4)), q8_qs[3]);
+                    acc_hi[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_0, 4), hbit_hi_0)),
+                                               q8_qs[4]);
+                    acc_hi[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_1, 4), hbit_hi_1)),
+                                               q8_qs[5]);
+                    acc_hi[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_2, 4), hbit_hi_2)),
+                                               q8_qs[6]);
+                    acc_hi[2] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_3, 4), hbit_hi_3)),
+                                               q8_qs[7]);
+
+                    // Cols 45
+                    qs_0 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 48);
+                    qs_1 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 112);
+                    qs_2 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 176);
+                    qs_3 = vld1q_u8(qs_base + 240);
+
+                    hbit_lo_0 = vandq_u8(qh[3][0], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_1 = vandq_u8(qh[3][1], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_2 = vandq_u8(qh[3][2], mone);
+                    hbit_lo_3 = vandq_u8(qh[3][3], mone);
+                    hbit_hi_0 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[3][0], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_1 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[3][1], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_2 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[3][2], mtwo), 3);
+                    hbit_hi_3 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[3][3], mtwo), 3);
+
+                    qh[3][0] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[3][0], 2);
+                    qh[3][1] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[3][1], 2);
+                    qh[3][2] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[3][2], 2);
+                    qh[3][3] = vshrq_n_u8(qh[3][3], 2);
+
+                    acc_lo[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_0, m4b), hbit_lo_0, 4)), q8_qs[0]);
+                    acc_lo[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_1, m4b), hbit_lo_1, 4)), q8_qs[1]);
+                    acc_lo[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_2, m4b), hbit_lo_2, 4)), q8_qs[2]);
+                    acc_lo[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(
+                        acc_lo[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_3, m4b), hbit_lo_3, 4)), q8_qs[3]);
+                    acc_hi[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_0, 4), hbit_hi_0)),
+                                               q8_qs[4]);
+                    acc_hi[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_1, 4), hbit_hi_1)),
+                                               q8_qs[5]);
+                    acc_hi[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_2, 4), hbit_hi_2)),
+                                               q8_qs[6]);
+                    acc_hi[3] = ggml_vdotq_s32(acc_hi[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_3, 4), hbit_hi_3)),
+                                               q8_qs[7]);
+                }
+
+                // Prepare bsum vectors for bias computation
+                // Each pair of subblocks share the same bsums
+                int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 0]);
+                int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[2 * sb + 1]);
+
+                // Iterates over a pair of column pairs (4 columns) to use a single 128 register
+                // p = 0 -> 0123  p2 -> 4567
+                for (int i = 0, p = 0; p < col_pairs; i++, p += 2) {
+                    int16x4_t   group_scales_lo = p == 0 ? vget_low_s16(q5sb_scales[0]) : vget_high_s16(q5sb_scales[0]);
+                    int16x4_t   group_scales_hi = p == 0 ? vget_low_s16(q5sb_scales[1]) : vget_high_s16(q5sb_scales[1]);
+                    int16x4_t   group_mins_lo   = p == 0 ? vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[0]) : vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[0]);
+                    int16x4_t   group_mins_hi   = p == 0 ? vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[1]) : vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[1]);
+                    float32x4_t sb_scale        = p == 0 ? sb_scale_0 : sb_scale_1;
+                    float32x4_t sb_min          = p == 0 ? sb_min_0 : sb_min_1;
+
+                    // 0123 or 4567
+                    float32x4_t sumf_0 =
+                        vcvtq_f32_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(group_scales_lo), vpaddq_s32(acc_lo[p], acc_lo[p + 1])));
+                    acc_f32[i] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[i], sb_scale, sumf_0);
+
+                    float32x4_t sumf_1 =
+                        vcvtq_f32_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(group_scales_hi), vpaddq_s32(acc_hi[p], acc_hi[p + 1])));
+                    acc_f32[i] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[i], sb_scale, sumf_1);
+
+                    // FUSED BIAS: Compute and subtract bias immediately
+                    // bias = (bsums_lo * mins_lo + bsums_hi * mins_hi) * sb_min
+                    int32x4_t bias       = vmull_s16(bsums_vec_lo, group_mins_lo);
+                    bias                 = vmlal_s16(bias, bsums_vec_hi, group_mins_hi);
+                    float32x4_t bias_f32 = vcvtq_f32_s32(bias);
+                    acc_f32[i]           = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[i], sb_min, bias_f32);
+                }
+            }  // for sb
+        }  // for b
+
+        int base = x * ncols_interleaved;
+        vst1q_f32(s + base, acc_f32[0]);
+        vst1q_f32(s + base + 4, acc_f32[1]);
+    }  // for x
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    col_groups = ncols_interleaved / 4;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b        = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_lo    = vdupq_n_u8(0x03);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_hi    = vdupq_n_u8(0x30);
+
+    // 1x8 tile = 2 x 4
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[2];
+
+    const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q6_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q6_ptr = (const block_q6_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < col_groups; i++) {
+            acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        }
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            float32x4_t q6_d_0     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q6_ptr[b].d));      // d0 d1 d2 d3
+            float32x4_t q6_d_1     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q6_ptr[b].d + 4));  // d4 d5 d6 d7
+            float32x4_t q8_d       = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_0 = vmulq_f32(q6_d_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_1 = vmulq_f32(q6_d_1, q8_d);
+
+            int32x4_t acc[col_groups];
+            for (int i = 0; i < col_groups; i++) {
+                acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+            }
+
+            // Load all 16 scales once and widen to int16 (Q6_K has 16 scales per block)
+            // Reused for bias and dequantization later
+            int16_t q6_scales[16 * 8];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                int16x8_t scales = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(q6_ptr[b].scales + i * 8));
+                vst1q_s16(q6_scales + i * 8, scales);
+            }
+
+            // Compute bias per column using q8 bsums and preloaded scales to skip the -32 shift
+            int32x4_t bias_lo = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+            int32x4_t bias_hi = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+
+            // Load bsums in chunks of 4 to process with vectorized operations
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) {
+                int16x4_t bsums_vec   = vld1_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + i);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_0 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 0) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_0 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 0) * 8 + 4);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_1 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 1) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_1 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 1) * 8 + 4);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_2 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 2) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_2 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 2) * 8 + 4);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_3 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 3) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_3 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 3) * 8 + 4);
+
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_0, bsums_vec, 0);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_0, bsums_vec, 0);
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_1, bsums_vec, 1);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_1, bsums_vec, 1);
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_2, bsums_vec, 2);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_2, bsums_vec, 2);
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_3, bsums_vec, 3);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_3, bsums_vec, 3);
+            }
+            bias_lo = vshlq_n_s32(bias_lo, 5);
+            bias_hi = vshlq_n_s32(bias_hi, 5);
+
+            // Process two 128-value halves per superblock
+            for (int half = 0; half < 2; half++) {
+                const uint8_t * ql_base = q6_ptr[b].ql + half * 512;
+                const uint8_t * qh_base = q6_ptr[b].qh + half * 256;
+
+                // A subblock (sb) is a set of weights that share the scale
+                // Since q6_K scales are per 16 elements
+                // num sbs -> 256 elements / (16 elements/scale * 2 elements/byte * 2 halves)
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                    const int8_t * q8_base_l = q8_ptr[b].qs + half * 128 + sb * 16;
+                    const int8_t * q8_base_h = q8_base_l + 64;
+
+                    // Load and duplicate q8 values (each register covers four interleaved columns of q6)
+                    int8x16_t q8_l[4];
+                    int8x16_t q8_h[4];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                        q8_l[i] = (int8x16_t) vld1q_dup_s32((const int32_t *) (q8_base_l + i * 4));
+                        q8_h[i] = (int8x16_t) vld1q_dup_s32((const int32_t *) (q8_base_h + i * 4));
+                    }
+
+                    const int ql_off_base = sb * QK_K / 2;
+                    const int qh_off_base = ql_off_base & 255;  // wraps after 256 bytes
+
+                    // Load 4 vectors at once (64 bytes each for ql_0, ql_1, qh_0, qh_1)
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_ql_0 = vld1q_u8_x4(ql_base + ql_off_base);
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_ql_1 = vld1q_u8_x4(ql_base + ql_off_base + 64);
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_qh_0 = vld1q_u8_x4(qh_base + qh_off_base);
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_qh_1 = vld1q_u8_x4(qh_base + qh_off_base + 64);
+
+                    // Adjust qh for subblocks 2 and 3 (shift right by 2)
+                    if (sb > 1) {
+                        q6_qh_0.val[0] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[0], 2);
+                        q6_qh_0.val[1] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[1], 2);
+                        q6_qh_0.val[2] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[2], 2);
+                        q6_qh_0.val[3] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[3], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[0] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[0], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[1] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[1], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[2] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[2], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[3] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[3], 2);
+                    }
+
+                    const uint8x16_t q6_ql[8] = { q6_ql_0.val[0], q6_ql_0.val[1], q6_ql_0.val[2], q6_ql_0.val[3],
+                                                  q6_ql_1.val[0], q6_ql_1.val[1], q6_ql_1.val[2], q6_ql_1.val[3] };
+                    const uint8x16_t q6_qh[8] = { q6_qh_0.val[0], q6_qh_0.val[1], q6_qh_0.val[2], q6_qh_0.val[3],
+                                                  q6_qh_1.val[0], q6_qh_1.val[1], q6_qh_1.val[2], q6_qh_1.val[3] };
+
+                    // Process column groups (0-3, 4-7)
+                    for (int g = 0; g < col_groups; g++) {
+                        int32x4_t sb_acc_l = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        int32x4_t sb_acc_h = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+
+                        for (int chunk = 0; chunk < 4; chunk++) {
+                            const int idx = chunk * 2 + g;
+
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_l = q6_ql[idx];
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_h = q6_qh[idx];
+
+                            // Extract high 2 bits for upper nibble reconstruction
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_hh = vandq_u8(q6_qs_h, mask_hi);
+
+                            // q6 = (low4 | high2<<4), without -32 bias (handled via bsums)
+                            const int8x16_t q6_l =
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q6_qs_l, m4b), vandq_u8(q6_qs_h, mask_lo), 4));
+                            const int8x16_t q6_h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6_qs_l, 4), q6_qs_hh));
+
+                            sb_acc_l = vdotq_s32(sb_acc_l, q6_l, q8_l[chunk]);
+                            sb_acc_h = vdotq_s32(sb_acc_h, q6_h, q8_h[chunk]);
+                        }
+
+                        const int scale_idx_l = half * 8 + sb;
+                        const int scale_idx_h = half * 8 + sb + 4;
+
+                        const int32x4_t scale_vec_l = vmovl_s16(vld1_s16(q6_scales + scale_idx_l * 8 + g * 4));
+                        const int32x4_t scale_vec_h = vmovl_s16(vld1_s16(q6_scales + scale_idx_h * 8 + g * 4));
+
+                        acc[g] = vmlaq_s32(acc[g], sb_acc_l, scale_vec_l);
+                        acc[g] = vmlaq_s32(acc[g], sb_acc_h, scale_vec_h);
+                    }
+                }
+            }  // for half
+
+            // Bias correction
+            acc[0] = vsubq_s32(acc[0], bias_lo);
+            acc[1] = vsubq_s32(acc[1], bias_hi);
+
+            // Apply superblock scale (no mins for q6_K)
+            // acc[g] has [c0, c1, c2, c3]
+            float32x4_t w_0123 = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(acc[0]), sb_scale_0);
+            float32x4_t w_4567 = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(acc[1]), sb_scale_1);
+
+            acc_f32[0] = vaddq_f32(acc_f32[0], w_0123);
+            acc_f32[1] = vaddq_f32(acc_f32[1], w_4567);
+        }  // for b
+
+        int base = x * ncols_interleaved;
+        vst1q_f32(s + base, acc_f32[0]);
+        vst1q_f32(s + base + 4, acc_f32[1]);
+    }  // for x
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    col_pairs = ncols_interleaved / 2;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b       = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_lo   = vdupq_n_u8(0x03);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_hi   = vdupq_n_u8(0x30);
+
+    // 1x8 tile = 2 x 4
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[2];
+
+    const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q6_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q6_ptr = (const block_q6_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        acc_f32[0] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        acc_f32[1] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            float32x4_t q6_d_0     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q6_ptr[b].d));      // d0 d1 d2 d3
+            float32x4_t q6_d_1     = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q6_ptr[b].d + 4));  // d4 d5 d6 d7
+            float32x4_t q8_d       = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_0 = vmulq_f32(q6_d_0, q8_d);
+            float32x4_t sb_scale_1 = vmulq_f32(q6_d_1, q8_d);
+
+            int32x2_t acc[col_pairs];
+            for (int i = 0; i < col_pairs; i++) {
+                acc[i] = vdup_n_s32(0);
+            }
+
+            // Load all 16 scales once and widen to int16 (Q6_K has 16 scales per block)
+            // Reused for bias and dequantization later
+            int16_t q6_scales[16 * 8];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                int16x8_t scales = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(q6_ptr[b].scales + i * 8));
+                vst1q_s16(q6_scales + i * 8, scales);
+            }
+
+            // Compute bias per column using q8 bsums and preloaded scales to skip the -32 shift
+            int32x4_t bias_lo = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+            int32x4_t bias_hi = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+
+            // Load bsums in chunks of 4 to process with vectorized operations
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i += 4) {
+                int16x4_t bsums_vec   = vld1_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + i);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_0 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 0) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_0 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 0) * 8 + 4);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_1 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 1) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_1 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 1) * 8 + 4);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_2 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 2) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_2 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 2) * 8 + 4);
+                int16x4_t scales_lo_3 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 3) * 8);
+                int16x4_t scales_hi_3 = vld1_s16(q6_scales + (i + 3) * 8 + 4);
+
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_0, bsums_vec, 0);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_0, bsums_vec, 0);
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_1, bsums_vec, 1);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_1, bsums_vec, 1);
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_2, bsums_vec, 2);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_2, bsums_vec, 2);
+                bias_lo = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_lo, scales_lo_3, bsums_vec, 3);
+                bias_hi = vmlal_lane_s16(bias_hi, scales_hi_3, bsums_vec, 3);
+            }
+            bias_lo = vshlq_n_s32(bias_lo, 5);
+            bias_hi = vshlq_n_s32(bias_hi, 5);
+
+            // Process two 128-value halves per superblock
+            for (int half = 0; half < 2; half++) {
+                const uint8_t * ql_base = q6_ptr[b].ql + half * 512;
+                const uint8_t * qh_base = q6_ptr[b].qh + half * 256;
+
+                // A subblock (sb) is a set of weights that share the scale
+                // Since q6_K scales are per 16 elements
+                // num sbs -> 256 elements / (16 elements/scale * 2 elements/byte * 2 halves)
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                    const int8_t * q8_base_l = q8_ptr[b].qs + half * 128 + sb * 16;
+                    const int8_t * q8_base_h = q8_base_l + 64;
+
+                    // Load and duplicate q8 values (each register covers two interleaved columns of q6)
+                    int8x16_t q8_l[2];
+                    int8x16_t q8_h[2];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                        q8_l[i] = (int8x16_t) vld1q_dup_s64((const int64_t *) (q8_base_l + i * 8));
+                        q8_h[i] = (int8x16_t) vld1q_dup_s64((const int64_t *) (q8_base_h + i * 8));
+                    }
+
+                    const int ql_off_base = sb * QK_K / 2;
+                    const int qh_off_base = ql_off_base & 255;  // wraps after 256 bytes
+
+                    // Load 4 vectors at once (64 bytes each for ql_0, ql_1, qh_0, qh_1)
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_ql_0 = vld1q_u8_x4(ql_base + ql_off_base);
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_ql_1 = vld1q_u8_x4(ql_base + ql_off_base + 64);
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_qh_0 = vld1q_u8_x4(qh_base + qh_off_base);
+                    uint8x16x4_t q6_qh_1 = vld1q_u8_x4(qh_base + qh_off_base + 64);
+
+                    // Adjust qh for subblocks 2 and 3 (shift right by 2)
+                    if (sb > 1) {
+                        q6_qh_0.val[0] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[0], 2);
+                        q6_qh_0.val[1] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[1], 2);
+                        q6_qh_0.val[2] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[2], 2);
+                        q6_qh_0.val[3] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0.val[3], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[0] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[0], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[1] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[1], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[2] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[2], 2);
+                        q6_qh_1.val[3] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1.val[3], 2);
+                    }
+
+                    // Process column pairs (0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7)
+                    for (int cp = 0; cp < col_pairs; cp++) {
+                        const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_0_l = q6_ql_0.val[cp];
+                        const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_1_l = q6_ql_1.val[cp];
+                        const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_0_h = q6_qh_0.val[cp];
+                        const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_1_h = q6_qh_1.val[cp];
+
+                        // Extract high 2 bits for upper nibble reconstruction
+                        const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_0_hh = vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_h, mask_hi);
+                        const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_1_hh = vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_h, mask_hi);
+
+                        // q6 = (low4 | high2<<4), without -32 bias (handled via bsums)
+                        const int8x16_t q6_l0 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(
+                            vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_l, m4b), vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_h, mask_lo), 4));
+                        const int8x16_t q6_l1 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(
+                            vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_l, m4b), vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_h, mask_lo), 4));
+                        const int8x16_t q6_h0 =
+                            vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_l, 4), q6_qs_cp_0_hh));
+                        const int8x16_t q6_h1 =
+                            vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_l, 4), q6_qs_cp_1_hh));
+
+                        int32x4_t sb_acc_l = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        sb_acc_l           = vdotq_s32(sb_acc_l, q6_l0, q8_l[0]);
+                        sb_acc_l           = vdotq_s32(sb_acc_l, q6_l1, q8_l[1]);
+
+                        int32x4_t sb_acc_h = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        sb_acc_h           = vdotq_s32(sb_acc_h, q6_h0, q8_h[0]);
+                        sb_acc_h           = vdotq_s32(sb_acc_h, q6_h1, q8_h[1]);
+
+                        // Pairwise add to get per-column sums: [col0, col1]
+                        int32x2_t sum_l = vpadd_s32(vget_low_s32(sb_acc_l), vget_high_s32(sb_acc_l));
+                        int32x2_t sum_h = vpadd_s32(vget_low_s32(sb_acc_h), vget_high_s32(sb_acc_h));
+
+                        const int scale_idx_l = half * 8 + sb;
+                        const int scale_idx_h = half * 8 + sb + 4;
+
+                        // Access scales using array indexing (scales are interleaved by column)
+                        const int32x2_t scale_vec_l = { (int32_t) q6_scales[scale_idx_l * 8 + cp * 2],
+                                                        (int32_t) q6_scales[scale_idx_l * 8 + cp * 2 + 1] };
+                        const int32x2_t scale_vec_h = { (int32_t) q6_scales[scale_idx_h * 8 + cp * 2],
+                                                        (int32_t) q6_scales[scale_idx_h * 8 + cp * 2 + 1] };
+
+                        // Accumulate scaled results
+                        acc[cp] = vmla_s32(acc[cp], sum_l, scale_vec_l);
+                        acc[cp] = vmla_s32(acc[cp], sum_h, scale_vec_h);
+                    }
+                }
+            }  // for half
+
+            // Bias correction
+            acc[0] = vsub_s32(acc[0], vget_low_s32(bias_lo));
+            acc[1] = vsub_s32(acc[1], vget_high_s32(bias_lo));
+            acc[2] = vsub_s32(acc[2], vget_low_s32(bias_hi));
+            acc[3] = vsub_s32(acc[3], vget_high_s32(bias_hi));
+
+            // Apply superblock scale (no mins for q6_K)
+            // acc[cp] has [c0, c1]
+            float32x2_t w_01 = vmul_f32(vcvt_f32_s32(acc[0]), vget_low_f32(sb_scale_0));
+            float32x2_t w_23 = vmul_f32(vcvt_f32_s32(acc[1]), vget_high_f32(sb_scale_0));
+            float32x2_t w_45 = vmul_f32(vcvt_f32_s32(acc[2]), vget_low_f32(sb_scale_1));
+            float32x2_t w_67 = vmul_f32(vcvt_f32_s32(acc[3]), vget_high_f32(sb_scale_1));
+
+            acc_f32[0] = vaddq_f32(acc_f32[0], vcombine_f32(w_01, w_23));
+            acc_f32[1] = vaddq_f32(acc_f32[1], vcombine_f32(w_45, w_67));
+        }  // for b
+
+        int base = x * ncols_interleaved;
+        vst1q_f32(s + base, acc_f32[0]);
+        vst1q_f32(s + base + 4, acc_f32[1]);
+    }  // for x
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx;
+
+    for (int c = 0; c < nc; c += ncols_interleaved) {
+        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+        float32x4_t        acc   = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            int8x16x4_t b_low  = vld1q_s8_x4((const int8_t *) b_ptr->qs);
+            int8x16x4_t b_high = vld1q_s8_x4((const int8_t *) b_ptr->qs + 64);
+            float16x4_t bd     = vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) b_ptr->d);
+
+            int8x16x2_t a  = vld1q_s8_x2(a_ptr->qs);
+            float16x4_t ad = vld1_dup_f16((const __fp16 *) &a_ptr->d);
+
+            int32x4_t ret = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_low.val[0], a.val[0], 0);
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_low.val[1], a.val[0], 1);
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_low.val[2], a.val[0], 2);
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_low.val[3], a.val[0], 3);
+
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_high.val[0], a.val[1], 0);
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_high.val[1], a.val[1], 1);
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_high.val[2], a.val[1], 2);
+            ret = vdotq_laneq_s32(ret, b_high.val[3], a.val[1], 3);
+
+            acc = vfmaq_f32(acc, vcvtq_f32_s32(ret), vmulq_f32(vcvt_f32_f16(ad), vcvt_f32_f16(bd)));
+            a_ptr++;
+            b_ptr++;
+        }
+        vst1q_f32(s, acc);
+        s += ncols_interleaved;
+    }
+    return;
+
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx;
+
+    for (int c = 0; c < nc; c += ncols_interleaved) {
+        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+        float32x4_t        acc   = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+
+        for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+            int8x16x4_t b_low  = vld1q_s8_x4((const int8_t *) b_ptr->qs);
+            int8x16x4_t b_high = vld1q_s8_x4((const int8_t *) b_ptr->qs + 64);
+            float16x4_t bd     = vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) b_ptr->d);
+
+            int8x8x4_t  a_chunks = vld1_s8_x4(a_ptr->qs);
+            int8x16_t   a0       = vcombine_s8(a_chunks.val[0], a_chunks.val[0]);
+            int8x16_t   a1       = vcombine_s8(a_chunks.val[1], a_chunks.val[1]);
+            int8x16_t   a2       = vcombine_s8(a_chunks.val[2], a_chunks.val[2]);
+            int8x16_t   a3       = vcombine_s8(a_chunks.val[3], a_chunks.val[3]);
+            float16x4_t ad       = vld1_dup_f16((const __fp16 *) &a_ptr->d);
+
+            int32x4_t ret0 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+            int32x4_t ret1 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+
+            // 0..7
+            ret0 = vdotq_s32(ret0, b_low.val[0], a0);
+            ret1 = vdotq_s32(ret1, b_low.val[1], a0);
+            // 8..15
+            ret0 = vdotq_s32(ret0, b_low.val[2], a1);
+            ret1 = vdotq_s32(ret1, b_low.val[3], a1);
+            // 16..23
+            ret0 = vdotq_s32(ret0, b_high.val[0], a2);
+            ret1 = vdotq_s32(ret1, b_high.val[1], a2);
+            // 24..31
+            ret0 = vdotq_s32(ret0, b_high.val[2], a3);
+            ret1 = vdotq_s32(ret1, b_high.val[3], a3);
+
+            int32x4_t ret = vpaddq_s32(ret0, ret1);
+
+            acc = vfmaq_f32(acc, vcvtq_f32_s32(ret), vmulq_f32(vcvt_f32_f16(ad), vcvt_f32_f16(bd)));
+            a_ptr++;
+            b_ptr++;
+        }
+        vst1q_f32(s, acc);
+        s += ncols_interleaved;
+    }
+    return;
+
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    const void * b_ptr = vx;
+    const void * a_ptr = vy;
+    float * res_ptr = s;
+    size_t res_stride = bs * sizeof(float);
+
+    __asm__ __volatile__(
+        "mov x10, %x[nr]\n"
+        "mov x9, #0x88\n"
+        "cmp x10, #0x10\n"
+        "mul x9, %x[nb], x9\n"
+        "blt 4f\n"
+        "1:"  // Row loop
+        "add x28, %x[b_ptr], #0x8\n"
+        "mov x27, %x[nc]\n"
+        "add x26, %x[res_ptr], %x[res_stride], LSL #4\n"
+        "2:"  // Column loop
+        "add x25, %x[a_ptr], #0x8\n"
+        "movi v15.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v19.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "mov x24, %x[nb]\n"
+        "add x23, x25, x9\n"
+        "movi v18.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v14.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "add x22, x23, x9\n"
+        "movi v11.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v13.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "add x21, x22, x9\n"
+        "movi v23.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v16.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v25.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v7.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v0.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v4.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v5.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v21.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v8.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v1.16b, #0x0\n"
+        "3:"  // Block loop
+        "ldr q3, [x28, #0x0]\n"
+        "ldr q31, [x25, #0x0]\n"
+        "movi v28.16b, #0x4\n"
+        "movi v10.4s, #0x0\n"
+        "ldr q22, [x28, #0x10]\n"
+        "ldr q6, [x25, #0x10]\n"
+        "movi v29.4s, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v9.4s, #0x0\n"
+        "ldr q27, [x28, #0x20]\n"
+        "ldr q30, [x28, #0x30]\n"
+        "movi v20.4s, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v24.16b, #0xf0\n"
+        "ldr d2, [x25, #-0x8]\n"
+        "ldr d26, [x23, #-0x8]\n"
+        "sshl v12.16b, v3.16b, v28.16b\n"
+        "sub x20, x28, #0x8\n"
+        "ldr d17, [x20, #0x0]\n"
+        "and v3.16b, v3.16b, v24.16b\n"
+        "subs x24, x24, #0x1\n"
+        "add x28, x28, #0x48\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f9fe18a  // sdot v10.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fbfe19d  // sdot v29.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f9fe989  // sdot v9.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fbfe994  // sdot v20.4s, v12.16b, v31.4b[3]\n"
+        "sshl v31.16b, v22.16b, v28.16b\n"
+        "and v22.16b, v22.16b, v24.16b\n"
+        "fcvtl v17.4s, v17.4h\n"
+        "fcvtl v2.4s, v2.4h\n"
+        "fcvtl v26.4s, v26.4h\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f86e3ea  // sdot v10.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fa6e3fd  // sdot v29.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f86ebe9  // sdot v9.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fa6ebf4  // sdot v20.4s, v31.16b, v6.4b[3]\n"
+        "sshl v6.16b, v27.16b, v28.16b\n"
+        "sshl v28.16b, v30.16b, v28.16b\n"
+        "and v27.16b, v27.16b, v24.16b\n"
+        "and v30.16b, v30.16b, v24.16b\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x20]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e0ca  // sdot v10.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e0dd  // sdot v29.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e8c9  // sdot v9.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e8d4  // sdot v20.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x30]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e38a  // sdot v10.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e39d  // sdot v29.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98eb89  // sdot v9.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8eb94  // sdot v20.4s, v28.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x40]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e06a  // sdot v10.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e07d  // sdot v29.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e869  // sdot v9.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e874  // sdot v20.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x50]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e2ca  // sdot v10.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e2dd  // sdot v29.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98eac9  // sdot v9.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8ead4  // sdot v20.4s, v22.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x60]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e36a  // sdot v10.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e37d  // sdot v29.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98eb69  // sdot v9.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8eb74  // sdot v20.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x25, #0x70]\n"
+        "add x25, x25, #0x88\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e3ca  // sdot v10.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e3dd  // sdot v29.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98ebc9  // sdot v9.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8ebd4  // sdot v20.4s, v30.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "fmul v24.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[0]\n"
+        "scvtf v10.4s, v10.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "scvtf v29.4s, v29.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "scvtf v9.4s, v9.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "scvtf v20.4s, v20.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "fmla v15.4s, v10.4s, v24.4s\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x0]\n"
+        "fmul v10.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[1]\n"
+        "fmla v19.4s, v29.4s, v10.4s\n"
+        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x10]\n"
+        "fmul v29.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[2]\n"
+        "fmul v2.4s, v17.4s, v2.s[3]\n"
+        "fmla v18.4s, v9.4s, v29.4s\n"
+        "movi v9.4s, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v29.4s, #0x0\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e189  // sdot v9.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e19d  // sdot v29.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        "fmla v14.4s, v20.4s, v2.4s\n"
+        "movi v20.4s, #0x0\n"
+        "movi v2.4s, #0x0\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e994  // sdot v20.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e982  // sdot v2.4s, v12.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x20]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8ae3e9  // sdot v9.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faae3fd  // sdot v29.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8aebf4  // sdot v20.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faaebe2  // sdot v2.4s, v31.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x30]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e0c9  // sdot v9.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e0dd  // sdot v29.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e8d4  // sdot v20.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e8c2  // sdot v2.4s, v6.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x40]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8ae389  // sdot v9.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faae39d  // sdot v29.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8aeb94  // sdot v20.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faaeb82  // sdot v2.4s, v28.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x50]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e069  // sdot v9.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e07d  // sdot v29.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e874  // sdot v20.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e862  // sdot v2.4s, v3.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x23, #0x60]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8ae2c9  // sdot v9.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faae2dd  // sdot v29.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8aead4  // sdot v20.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faaeac2  // sdot v2.4s, v22.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q10, [x23, #0x70]\n"
+        "add x23, x23, #0x88\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98e369  // sdot v9.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8e37d  // sdot v29.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f98eb74  // sdot v20.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4fb8eb62  // sdot v2.4s, v27.16b, v24.4b[3]\n"
+        "ldr q24, [x22, #0x0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8ae3c9  // sdot v9.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[0]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faae3dd  // sdot v29.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[1]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4f8aebd4  // sdot v20.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[2]\n"
+        ".inst 0x4faaebc2  // sdot v2.4s, v30.16b, v10.4b[3]\n"
+        "fmul v10.4s, v17.4s, v26.s[0]\n"
+        "scvtf v9.4s, v9.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "scvtf v29.4s, v29.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "scvtf v20.4s, v20.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "scvtf v2.4s, v2.4s, #0x4\n"
+        "fmla v11.4s, v9.4s, v10.4s\n"
+        "ldr q9, [x22, #0x10]\n"
+        "fmul v10.4s, v17.4s, v26.s[1]\n"
+        "fmla v13.4s, v29.4s, v10.4s\n"
         "ldr d29, [x22, #-0x8]\n"
         "fmul v10.4s, v17.4s, v26.s[2]\n"
         "fmul v26.4s, v17.4s, v26.s[3]\n"
@@ -1095,40 +2301,7 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     );
     return;
 #endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
-    {
-        float sumf[4][4];
-        int sumi;
-
-        for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-            for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-                const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-                }
-                for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                    for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                        for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                                sumi = 0;
-                                for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                    const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                    const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                    sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                            (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
-                                }
-                                sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                        s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
@@ -1549,38 +2722,7 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     );
     return;
 #endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
-    float sumf[4][4];
-    int sumi;
-
-    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-            }
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                        (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
-                            }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
@@ -2015,70 +3157,1809 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         );
         return;
     }
-#endif // #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+#endif // #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+
+#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    const int8x16_t kvalues = vld1q_s8(kvalues_iq4nl);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            float32x4_t sumf[4];
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                sumf[m] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+            }
+
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                float32x4_t a_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const float16_t *)a_ptr[l].d));
+                float32x4_t b_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const float16_t *)b_ptr[l].d));
+
+                int32x4_t sumi_0 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                int32x4_t sumi_1 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                int32x4_t sumi_2 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                int32x4_t sumi_3 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+
+                for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                    int8x16_t a_0 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k + 0);
+                    int8x16_t a_1 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k + 64);
+
+                    uint8x16_t b = vld1q_u8(b_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k);
+                    int8x16_t b_hi = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b >> 4);
+                    int8x16_t b_lo = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b & 0xF);
+
+                    sumi_0 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_0, b_lo, a_0, 0);
+                    sumi_1 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_1, b_lo, a_0, 1);
+                    sumi_2 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_2, b_lo, a_0, 2);
+                    sumi_3 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_3, b_lo, a_0, 3);
+                    sumi_0 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_0, b_hi, a_1, 0);
+                    sumi_1 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_1, b_hi, a_1, 1);
+                    sumi_2 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_2, b_hi, a_1, 2);
+                    sumi_3 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_3, b_hi, a_1, 3);
+                }
+
+                sumf[0] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[0], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 0), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_0));
+                sumf[1] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[1], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 1), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_1));
+                sumf[2] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[2], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 2), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_2));
+                sumf[3] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[3], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 3), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_3));
+            }
+
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                vst1q_f32(s + (y * 4 + m) * bs + x * 4, sumf[m]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
+    ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    const int8x16_t kvalues = vld1q_s8(kvalues_mxfp4);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_mxfp4x4 * b_ptr = (const block_mxfp4x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            float32x4_t sumf[4];
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                sumf[m] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+            }
+
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                float32x4_t a_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const float16_t *)a_ptr[l].d));
+                float32x4_t b_d = {
+                    GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[0]),
+                    GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[1]),
+                    GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[2]),
+                    GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[3]),
+                };
+
+                int32x4_t sumi_0 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                int32x4_t sumi_1 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                int32x4_t sumi_2 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                int32x4_t sumi_3 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+
+                for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                    int8x16_t a_0 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k + 0);
+                    int8x16_t a_1 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k + 64);
+
+                    uint8x16_t b = vld1q_u8(b_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k);
+                    int8x16_t b_hi = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b >> 4);
+                    int8x16_t b_lo = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b & 0xF);
+
+                    sumi_0 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_0, b_lo, a_0, 0);
+                    sumi_1 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_1, b_lo, a_0, 1);
+                    sumi_2 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_2, b_lo, a_0, 2);
+                    sumi_3 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_3, b_lo, a_0, 3);
+                    sumi_0 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_0, b_hi, a_1, 0);
+                    sumi_1 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_1, b_hi, a_1, 1);
+                    sumi_2 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_2, b_hi, a_1, 2);
+                    sumi_3 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_3, b_hi, a_1, 3);
+                }
+
+                sumf[0] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[0], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 0), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_0));
+                sumf[1] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[1], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 1), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_1));
+                sumf[2] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[2], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 2), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_2));
+                sumf[3] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[3], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 3), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_3));
+            }
+
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                vst1q_f32(s + (y * 4 + m) * bs + x * 4, sumf[m]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
+    ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    q8_k_blocklen = 4;
+    constexpr int    acc_size  = 2 * 4;  // 2 row pairs × 4 col pairs
+    const uint8x16_t m4b       = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+
+    // 8 accumulators: 2 row pairs × 4 col pairs
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[acc_size];
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / q8_k_blocklen; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q4_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+            }
+
+            for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // d4 0 1 2 3, 4 5 6 7
+                float32x4_t q4_d_0123    = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].d));
+                float32x4_t q4_d_4567    = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].d + 4));
+                // d8 0 1 2 3
+                float32x4_t q8_d_0123    = vld1q_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+                // mins
+                float32x4_t q4_dmin_0123 = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].dmin));
+                float32x4_t q4_dmin_4567 = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q4_ptr[b].dmin + 4));
+
+                // Precomputation of scales and mins
+                float32x4_t sbd_scale_0123[q8_k_blocklen];
+                float32x4_t sbd_scale_4567[q8_k_blocklen];
+                float32x4_t sbd_min_0123[q8_k_blocklen];
+                float32x4_t sbd_min_4567[q8_k_blocklen];
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[0] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_scale_4567[0] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_min_0123[0]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_min_4567[0]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 0);
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[1] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_scale_4567[1] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_min_0123[1]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_min_4567[1]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 1);
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[2] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_scale_4567[2] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_min_0123[2]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_min_4567[2]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 2);
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[3] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 3);
+                sbd_scale_4567[3] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 3);
+                sbd_min_0123[3]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 3);
+                sbd_min_4567[3]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q4_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 3);
+
+                // Precomputation of bsums, each vpaddq calcs all the bsums for each row
+                const int16x8_t bsums[q8_k_blocklen] = {
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3 + 8)),
+                };
+                int16_t bsums_arr[QK_K / 64][8];
+                for (int q8_row = 0; q8_row < 4; q8_row++) {
+                    vst1q_s16(bsums_arr[q8_row], bsums[q8_row]);
+                }
+
+                // interleaved bias_acc: [0]->r0 0123, [1]->r1 0123, .., [4]->r0 4567, [5]->r1 4567 ..
+                int32x4_t bias_acc[acc_size];
+                for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                    bias_acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                    // Int accumulators for qs vecdot (4 row x 2 col quartets)
+                    int32x4_t acc_lo[acc_size];
+                    int32x4_t acc_hi[acc_size];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                        acc_lo[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        acc_hi[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    }
+                    // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                    // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                    int16x8_t q4sb_scales[2];
+                    int16x8_t q4sb_mins[2];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                        int8_t    aux_q4sb[8];
+                        const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                        decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q4_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q4sb_mins[i], aux_q4sb);
+                        q4sb_scales[i] = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(aux_q4sb));
+                    }
+
+                    constexpr int reads_per_sb = 8;  // 8 * 16 bytes each => 32 qs * 4 rows
+                    for (int k = 0; k < reads_per_sb; k++) {
+                        const int8x16_t q8_blk0 = vld1q_s8(q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256 + 16 * k);
+                        const int8x16_t q8_blk1 = vld1q_s8(q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256 + 16 * k + 128);
+
+                        // 0..3 & 32..35
+                        const uint8x16_t q4_0123 = vld1q_u8(q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 32 * k);
+                        const uint8x16_t q4_4567 = vld1q_u8(q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 32 * k + 16);
+
+                        const int8x16_t q4_0123_lo = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_0123, m4b));
+                        const int8x16_t q4_0123_hi = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_0123, 4));
+
+                        acc_lo[0] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[0], q4_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 0);  //  0..3  r0 c0123
+                        acc_lo[1] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[1], q4_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 1);  //  0..3  r1 c0123
+                        acc_lo[2] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[2], q4_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 2);  //  0..3  r2 c0123
+                        acc_lo[3] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[3], q4_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 3);  //  0..3  r3 c0123
+
+                        acc_hi[0] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[0], q4_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 0);  // 32..35 r0 c0123
+                        acc_hi[1] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[1], q4_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 1);  // 32..35 r1 c0123
+                        acc_hi[2] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[2], q4_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 2);  // 32..35 r2 c0123
+                        acc_hi[3] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[3], q4_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 3);  // 32..35 r3 c0123
+
+                        const int8x16_t q4_4567_lo = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_4567, m4b));
+                        const int8x16_t q4_4567_hi = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_4567, 4));
+
+                        acc_lo[4] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[4], q4_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 0);  //  0..3  r0 c4567
+                        acc_lo[5] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[5], q4_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 1);  //  0..3  r1 c4567
+                        acc_lo[6] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[6], q4_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 2);  //  0..3  r2 c4567
+                        acc_lo[7] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[7], q4_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 3);  //  0..3  r3 c4567
+
+                        acc_hi[4] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[4], q4_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 0);  // 32..35 r0 c4567
+                        acc_hi[5] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[5], q4_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 1);  // 32..35 r1 c4567
+                        acc_hi[6] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[6], q4_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 2);  // 32..35 r2 c4567
+                        acc_hi[7] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[7], q4_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 3);  // 32..35 r3 c4567
+                    }
+
+                    // Scale and bias application
+                    // acc is stored interleaved to match output layout
+                    const int16x4_t sc_0123_lo = vget_low_s16(q4sb_scales[0]);
+                    const int16x4_t sc_4567_lo = vget_high_s16(q4sb_scales[0]);
+                    const int16x4_t sc_0123_hi = vget_low_s16(q4sb_scales[1]);
+                    const int16x4_t sc_4567_hi = vget_high_s16(q4sb_scales[1]);
+                    for (int row = 0; row < q8_k_blocklen; row++) {
+                        // Bias correction
+                        // row c0123 blk0 and blk1
+                        const float32x4_t sumf_0123 =
+                            vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_lo), acc_lo[row]),
+                                                    vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_hi), acc_hi[row])));
+                        acc_f32[2 * row] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row], sbd_scale_0123[row], sumf_0123);
+
+                        // row c4567 blk0 and blk1
+                        const float32x4_t sumf_4567 =
+                            vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_lo), acc_lo[row + 4]),
+                                                    vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_hi), acc_hi[row + 4])));
+                        acc_f32[2 * row + 1] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row + 1], sbd_scale_4567[row], sumf_4567);
+
+                        // Bias
+                        const int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][row * 2]);
+                        const int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][row * 2 + 1]);
+
+                        // row c0123 blk0 and blk1
+                        bias_acc[2 * row] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row], bsums_vec_lo, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * row] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row], bsums_vec_hi, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+
+                        // row c4567 blk0 and blk1
+                        bias_acc[2 * row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row + 1], bsums_vec_lo, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row + 1], bsums_vec_hi, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+                    }
+                }  // for sb
+
+                for (int row = 0; row < q8_k_blocklen; row++) {
+                    acc_f32[2 * row] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[2 * row]), sbd_min_0123[row]);
+                    acc_f32[2 * row + 1] =
+                        vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row + 1], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[2 * row + 1]), sbd_min_4567[row]);
+                }
+            }  // for b
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                int row = y * q8_k_blocklen + i;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                    int col    = x * ncols_interleaved + j * 4;
+                    int offset = row * bs + col;
+                    vst1q_f32(s + offset, acc_f32[2 * i + j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }  // for x
+    }  // for y
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    q8_k_blocklen = 4;
+    constexpr int    acc_size      = 2 * 4;  // 2 row pairs, 4 col pairs
+    constexpr int    col_groups    = ncols_interleaved / 4;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b           = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mone          = vdupq_n_u8(1);
+    const uint8x16_t mtwo          = vdupq_n_u8(2);
+
+    // 8 accumulators: 2 row pairs, 4 col pairs
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[acc_size];
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / q8_k_blocklen; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q5_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q5_ptr = (const block_q5_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+            }
+
+            for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // d5 0 1 2 3, 4 5 6 7
+                float32x4_t q5_d_0123    = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].d));
+                float32x4_t q5_d_4567    = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].d + 4));
+                // d8 0 1 2 3
+                float32x4_t q8_d_0123    = vld1q_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+                // mins
+                float32x4_t q5_dmin_0123 = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].dmin));
+                float32x4_t q5_dmin_4567 = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q5_ptr[b].dmin + 4));
+
+                // Precomputation of scales and mins
+                float32x4_t sbd_scale_0123[q8_k_blocklen];
+                float32x4_t sbd_scale_4567[q8_k_blocklen];
+                float32x4_t sbd_min_0123[q8_k_blocklen];
+                float32x4_t sbd_min_4567[q8_k_blocklen];
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[0] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_scale_4567[0] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_min_0123[0]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_min_4567[0]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 0);
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[1] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_scale_4567[1] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_min_0123[1]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_min_4567[1]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 1);
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[2] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_scale_4567[2] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_min_0123[2]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_min_4567[2]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 2);
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[3] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 3);
+                sbd_scale_4567[3] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 3);
+                sbd_min_0123[3]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_0123, q8_d_0123, 3);
+                sbd_min_4567[3]   = vmulq_laneq_f32(q5_dmin_4567, q8_d_0123, 3);
+
+                // Precomputation of bsums, each vpaddq calcs all the bsums for each row
+                const int16x8_t bsums[q8_k_blocklen] = {
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3 + 8)),
+                };
+                int16_t bsums_arr[QK_K / 64][8];
+                for (int q8_row = 0; q8_row < 4; q8_row++) {
+                    vst1q_s16(bsums_arr[q8_row], bsums[q8_row]);
+                }
+
+                // interleaved bias_acc: [0]->r0 0123, [1]->r1 0123, .., [4]->r0 4567, [5]->r1 4567 ..
+                int32x4_t bias_acc[acc_size];
+                for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                    bias_acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+
+                uint8x16_t qh[col_groups][8];
+                for (int c = 0; c < col_groups; c++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                        qh[c][i] = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qh + i * 32 + 16 * c);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                    // Int accumulators for qs vecdot (4 row * 2 col quartets)
+                    int32x4_t acc_lo[acc_size];
+                    int32x4_t acc_hi[acc_size];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                        acc_lo[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        acc_hi[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    }
+                    // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                    // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                    int16x8_t q5sb_scales[2];
+                    int16x8_t q5sb_mins[2];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                        int8_t    aux_q5sb[8];
+                        const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                        decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q5_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q5sb_mins[i], aux_q5sb);
+                        q5sb_scales[i] = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(aux_q5sb));
+                    }
+
+                    constexpr int reads_per_sb = 8;  // 8 * 16 bytes each => 32 qs * 4 rows
+                    for (int k = 0; k < reads_per_sb; k++) {
+                        const int8x16_t q8_blk0 = vld1q_s8(q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256 + 16 * k);
+                        const int8x16_t q8_blk1 = vld1q_s8(q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256 + 16 * k + 128);
+
+                        // 0..3 & 32..35
+                        const uint8x16_t q5_0123 = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 32 * k);
+                        const uint8x16_t q5_4567 = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 32 * k + 16);
+
+                        // NOTE: This is the only difference with q4_K
+                        const uint8x16_t hbit_lo_0123 = vandq_u8(qh[0][k], mone);
+                        const uint8x16_t hbit_hi_0123 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[0][k], mtwo), 3);
+                        qh[0][k]                      = vshrq_n_u8(qh[0][k], 2);
+                        const uint8x16_t hbit_lo_4567 = vandq_u8(qh[1][k], mone);
+                        const uint8x16_t hbit_hi_4567 = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[1][k], mtwo), 3);
+                        qh[1][k]                      = vshrq_n_u8(qh[1][k], 2);
+                        // From here, same as q4_K
+
+                        const int8x16_t q5_0123_lo =
+                            vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q5_0123, m4b), hbit_lo_0123, 4));
+                        const int8x16_t q5_0123_hi =
+                            vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q5_0123, 4), hbit_hi_0123));
+
+                        acc_lo[0] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[0], q5_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 0);  //  0..3  r0 c0123
+                        acc_lo[1] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[1], q5_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 1);  //  0..3  r1 c0123
+                        acc_lo[2] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[2], q5_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 2);  //  0..3  r2 c0123
+                        acc_lo[3] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[3], q5_0123_lo, q8_blk0, 3);  //  0..3  r3 c0123
+
+                        acc_hi[0] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[0], q5_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 0);  // 32..35 r0 c0123
+                        acc_hi[1] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[1], q5_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 1);  // 32..35 r1 c0123
+                        acc_hi[2] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[2], q5_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 2);  // 32..35 r2 c0123
+                        acc_hi[3] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[3], q5_0123_hi, q8_blk1, 3);  // 32..35 r3 c0123
+
+                        const int8x16_t q5_4567_lo =
+                            vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q5_4567, m4b), hbit_lo_4567, 4));
+                        const int8x16_t q5_4567_hi =
+                            vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q5_4567, 4), hbit_hi_4567));
+
+                        acc_lo[4] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[4], q5_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 0);  //  0..3  r0 c4567
+                        acc_lo[5] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[5], q5_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 1);  //  0..3  r1 c4567
+                        acc_lo[6] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[6], q5_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 2);  //  0..3  r2 c4567
+                        acc_lo[7] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[7], q5_4567_lo, q8_blk0, 3);  //  0..3  r3 c4567
+
+                        acc_hi[4] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[4], q5_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 0);  // 32..35 r0 c4567
+                        acc_hi[5] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[5], q5_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 1);  // 32..35 r1 c4567
+                        acc_hi[6] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[6], q5_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 2);  // 32..35 r2 c4567
+                        acc_hi[7] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[7], q5_4567_hi, q8_blk1, 3);  // 32..35 r3 c4567
+                    }
+
+                    // Scale and bias application
+                    // acc is stored interleaved to match output layout
+                    const int16x4_t sc_0123_lo = vget_low_s16(q5sb_scales[0]);
+                    const int16x4_t sc_4567_lo = vget_high_s16(q5sb_scales[0]);
+                    const int16x4_t sc_0123_hi = vget_low_s16(q5sb_scales[1]);
+                    const int16x4_t sc_4567_hi = vget_high_s16(q5sb_scales[1]);
+                    for (int row = 0; row < q8_k_blocklen; row++) {
+                        // Bias correction
+                        // row c0123 blk0 and blk1
+                        const float32x4_t sumf_0123 =
+                            vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_lo), acc_lo[row]),
+                                                    vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_0123_hi), acc_hi[row])));
+                        acc_f32[2 * row] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row], sbd_scale_0123[row], sumf_0123);
+
+                        // row c4567 blk0 and blk1
+                        const float32x4_t sumf_4567 =
+                            vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_lo), acc_lo[row + 4]),
+                                                    vmulq_s32(vmovl_s16(sc_4567_hi), acc_hi[row + 4])));
+                        acc_f32[2 * row + 1] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row + 1], sbd_scale_4567[row], sumf_4567);
+
+                        // Bias
+                        const int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][row * 2]);
+                        const int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][row * 2 + 1]);
+
+                        // row c0123 blk0 and blk1
+                        bias_acc[2 * row] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row], bsums_vec_lo, vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * row] = vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row], bsums_vec_hi, vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[1]));
+
+                        // row c4567 blk0 and blk1
+                        bias_acc[2 * row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row + 1], bsums_vec_lo, vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * row + 1], bsums_vec_hi, vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[1]));
+                    }
+                }  // for sb
+
+                for (int row = 0; row < q8_k_blocklen; row++) {
+                    acc_f32[2 * row] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[2 * row]), sbd_min_0123[row]);
+                    acc_f32[2 * row + 1] =
+                        vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[2 * row + 1], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[2 * row + 1]), sbd_min_4567[row]);
+                }
+            }  // for b
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                int row = y * q8_k_blocklen + i;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                    int col    = x * ncols_interleaved + j * 4;
+                    int offset = row * bs + col;
+                    vst1q_f32(s + offset, acc_f32[2 * i + j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }  // for x
+    }  // for y
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    if (svcntb() * 8 == 256) {
+        constexpr int    q8_k_blocklen = 4;
+        const svuint8_t m4b_1          = svdup_n_u8(0x0f);
+        // 8 accumulators: 2 row pairs × 4 col pairs
+        svfloat32_t acc_f32_01, acc_f32_23, acc_f32_45, acc_f32_67;
+        uint32_t idx_arr[8] = { 0, 2, 4, 6,  1, 3, 5, 7 };
+        svbool_t pg = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8);
+        svuint32_t idx = svld1(pg, idx_arr);
+
+        static const uint32_t idx_data[8] = {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7};
+        svuint32_t idx1 = svld1_u32(svptrue_b32(), idx_data);
+
+        for (int y = 0; y < nr / q8_k_blocklen; y++) {
+            const block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+
+            for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+                const block_q4_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q4_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+                acc_f32_01 = svdup_n_f32(0);
+                acc_f32_23 = svdup_n_f32(0);
+                acc_f32_45 = svdup_n_f32(0);
+                acc_f32_67 = svdup_n_f32(0);
+
+                for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                    // bsums pairs belongs to the same q8_k subblock
+                    // 64 elements loaded and made sum of 0-7 and 8-15 sum || 16-23 and 24 - 31 sum
+                    const int16x8_t bsums[4]{
+                        vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0 + 8)),
+                        vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1 + 8)),
+                        vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2 + 8)),
+                        vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3 + 8)),
+                    };
+
+                    int32_t bsums_arr32[4][8];
+
+                    for (int q8_row = 0; q8_row < 4; q8_row++) {
+                        int16x8_t v16 = bsums[q8_row];
+
+                        // low 4
+                        int32x4_t v32_lo = vmovl_s16(vget_low_s16(v16));
+                        vst1q_s32(&bsums_arr32[q8_row][0], v32_lo);
+
+                        // high 4
+                        int32x4_t v32_hi = vmovl_s16(vget_high_s16(v16));
+                        vst1q_s32(&bsums_arr32[q8_row][4], v32_hi);
+                    }
+
+                    svint32_t sb_acc_0 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t sb_acc_2 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+
+                    svint32_t acc_00 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t acc_11 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t acc_22 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t acc_33 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t acc_44 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t acc_55 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t acc_66 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t acc_77 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+
+                    svint32_t bias_acc_00 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t bias_acc_22 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t bias_acc_44 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                    svint32_t bias_acc_66 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+
+                    for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                        // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                        // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                        svint32_t block_scale_0, block_scale_1, block_scale_2, block_scale_3;
+                        svint32_t q4sb_mins_0, q4sb_mins_1;
+                        {
+                            // 2-superblock I am working on
+                            const int offset = sb * 24 + 0 * 12;
+                            const uint8_t * scales_in = &q4_ptr[b].scales[offset];
+
+                            const int offset1 = sb * 24 + 12;
+                            const uint8_t * scales_in1 = &q4_ptr[b].scales[offset1];
+
+                            constexpr uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+                            constexpr uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+                            constexpr uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
+                            constexpr uint8_t  scales_size = 12;
+
+                            uint32_t sm[3];
+                            memcpy(sm, scales_in, scales_size);
+
+                            uint32_t sm1[3];
+                            memcpy(sm1, scales_in1, scales_size);
+
+                            const uint32_t mins_0_3 = sm[1] & kmask1;
+                            const uint32_t mins_4_7 = ((sm[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((sm[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+
+                            const uint32_t mins_0_3_1 = sm1[1] & kmask1;
+                            const uint32_t mins_4_7_1 = ((sm1[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((sm1[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+
+                            svuint32_t mins_u32_temp = svzip1_u32(svdup_n_u32(mins_0_3), svdup_n_u32(mins_4_7));
+                            svuint32_t mins_u32_temp_1 = svzip1_u32(svdup_n_u32(mins_0_3_1), svdup_n_u32(mins_4_7_1));
+
+                            /* reinterpret u32 → u8 */
+                            svuint8_t mins_u8 = svreinterpret_u8_u32(mins_u32_temp);
+                            svuint8_t mins_u8_1 = svreinterpret_u8_u32(mins_u32_temp_1);
+
+                            /* widen u8 → u16->u32 (lower half only) */
+                            svuint32_t mins_u16 = svunpklo_u32(svunpklo_u16(mins_u8));
+                            svuint32_t mins_u16_1 = svunpklo_u32(svunpklo_u16(mins_u8_1));
+
+                            q4sb_mins_0 = svreinterpret_s32_u32(mins_u16);
+                            q4sb_mins_1 = svreinterpret_s32_u32(mins_u16_1);
+
+                            uint32_t scales_u32_0 = sm[0] & kmask1;
+                            uint32_t scales_u32_1 = (sm[2] & kmask2) | (((sm[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                            uint32_t scales_u32_2 = sm1[0] & kmask1;
+                            uint32_t scales_u32_3 = (sm1[2] & kmask2) | (((sm1[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+
+                            svuint32_t S01 = svdup_n_u32(scales_u32_0);
+                            svuint32_t S23 = svdup_n_u32(scales_u32_1);
+                            svuint32_t R01 = svdup_n_u32(scales_u32_2);
+                            svuint32_t R23 = svdup_n_u32(scales_u32_3);
+
+                            svint8_t S01_b = svreinterpret_s8_u32(S01);
+                            svint8_t S23_b = svreinterpret_s8_u32(S23);
+                            svint8_t R01_b = svreinterpret_s8_u32(R01);
+                            svint8_t R23_b = svreinterpret_s8_u32(R23);
+
+                            svint32_t S01_d = svunpklo_s32(svunpklo_s16(svzip1_s8(S01_b, S01_b)));
+                            svint32_t R01_d = svunpklo_s32(svunpklo_s16(svzip1_s8(R01_b, R01_b)));
+                            svint32_t S23_d = svunpklo_s32(svunpklo_s16(svzip1_s8(S23_b, S23_b)));
+                            svint32_t R23_d = svunpklo_s32(svunpklo_s16(svzip1_s8(R23_b, R23_b)));
+
+                            block_scale_0 = svtbl_s32(svzip1_s32(S01_d, R01_d), idx);
+                            block_scale_1 = svtbl_s32(svzip2_s32(S01_d, R01_d), idx);
+                            block_scale_2 = svtbl_s32(svzip1_s32(S23_d, R23_d), idx);
+                            block_scale_3 = svtbl_s32(svzip2_s32(S23_d, R23_d), idx);
+                        }
+
+                        const int8_t * q8_base_1 = q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256;
+
+                        // Load 32-byte per row pair, 1 subblock each time
+                        // predicate for activating higher lanes for 16 int8 elements
+                        const svbool_t ph16 = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_VL16);
+                        // predicate for activating lower lanes for  16 int8 elements
+                        const svbool_t pl16 = svnot_b_z(svptrue_b8(), ph16);
+
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_0 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 0), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 112));
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_2 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 32), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 144));
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_4 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 64), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 176));
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_6 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 96), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 208));
+
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_1 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 16), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 128));
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_3 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 48), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 160));
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_5 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 80), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 192));
+                        svint8_t q8_qs_7 = svadd_s8_x(svptrue_b8(), svld1_s8(ph16, q8_base_1 + 112), svld1_s8(pl16, q8_base_1 + 224));
+
+                        // Q4s columns iterated in pairs (01, 23, 45, 67)
+                        for (int cp = 0; cp < ncols_interleaved / 2; cp++) {
+
+                            sb_acc_0 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                            sb_acc_2 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+
+                            svuint8_t q4_qs_cp_00 = svld1rq_u8(svptrue_b8(), q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 0);
+                            svuint8_t q4_qs_cp_01 = svld1rq_u8(svptrue_b8(), q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 64);
+                            svuint8_t q4_qs_cp_02 = svld1rq_u8(svptrue_b8(), q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 128);
+                            svuint8_t q4_qs_cp_03 = svld1rq_u8(svptrue_b8(), q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 192);
+
+                            svint8_t q4_nibbles_00 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_m(pl16, svand_u8_m(ph16, q4_qs_cp_00, m4b_1), 4));
+                            svint8_t q4_nibbles_01 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_m(pl16, svand_u8_m(ph16, q4_qs_cp_01, m4b_1), 4));
+                            svint8_t q4_nibbles_02 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_m(pl16, svand_u8_m(ph16, q4_qs_cp_02, m4b_1), 4));
+                            svint8_t q4_nibbles_03 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_m(pl16, svand_u8_m(ph16, q4_qs_cp_03, m4b_1), 4));
+
+                            sb_acc_0 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_0, q4_nibbles_00, q8_qs_0);
+                            sb_acc_0 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_0, q4_nibbles_01, q8_qs_2);
+
+                            sb_acc_0 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_0, q4_nibbles_02, q8_qs_4);
+                            sb_acc_0 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_0, q4_nibbles_03, q8_qs_6);
+
+                            sb_acc_2 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_2, q4_nibbles_00, q8_qs_1);
+                            sb_acc_2 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_2, q4_nibbles_01, q8_qs_3);
+
+                            sb_acc_2 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_2, q4_nibbles_02, q8_qs_5);
+                            sb_acc_2 = svmmla_s32(sb_acc_2, q4_nibbles_03, q8_qs_7);
+
+                            if(cp == 0) {
+                                acc_00 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_00, sb_acc_0, block_scale_0);
+                                acc_44 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_44, sb_acc_2, block_scale_0);
+                            }
+                            if(cp == 1) {
+                                acc_11 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_11, sb_acc_0, block_scale_1);
+                                acc_55 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_55, sb_acc_2, block_scale_1);
+                            }
+                            if(cp == 2) {
+                                acc_22 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_22, sb_acc_0, block_scale_2);
+                                acc_66 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_66, sb_acc_2, block_scale_2);
+                            }
+                            if(cp == 3) {
+                                acc_33 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_33, sb_acc_0, block_scale_3);
+                                acc_77 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_77, sb_acc_2, block_scale_3);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        bias_acc_00 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_00, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][0]), q4sb_mins_0);
+                        bias_acc_00 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_00, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][1]), q4sb_mins_1);
+
+                        bias_acc_22 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_22, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][2]), q4sb_mins_0);
+                        bias_acc_22 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_22, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][3]), q4sb_mins_1);
+
+                        bias_acc_44 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_44, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][4]), q4sb_mins_0);
+                        bias_acc_44 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_44, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][5]), q4sb_mins_1);
+
+                        bias_acc_66 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_66, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][6]), q4sb_mins_0);
+                        bias_acc_66 = svmla_s32_m(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL8), bias_acc_66, svdup_n_s32(bsums_arr32[sb][7]), q4sb_mins_1);
+                    }  // for sb
+
+
+                    acc_00 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_00, svext_s32(acc_00, acc_00, 4));
+                    acc_11 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_11, svext_s32(acc_11, acc_11, 4));
+                    acc_22 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_22, svext_s32(acc_22, acc_22, 4));
+                    acc_33 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_33, svext_s32(acc_33, acc_33, 4));
+                    acc_44 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_44, svext_s32(acc_44, acc_44, 4));
+                    acc_55 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_55, svext_s32(acc_55, acc_55, 4));
+                    acc_66 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_66, svext_s32(acc_66, acc_66, 4));
+                    acc_77 = svadd_s32_z(svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4), acc_77, svext_s32(acc_77, acc_77, 4));
+
+                    svint32_t reorder_acc_01 = svtbl_s32( svzip1_s32( svtrn1_s32(acc_00, acc_11), svtrn1_s32(acc_22, acc_33)), idx1);
+                    svint32_t reorder_acc_23 = svtbl_s32( svzip1_s32( svtrn2_s32(acc_00, acc_11), svtrn2_s32(acc_22, acc_33)), idx1);
+
+                    svint32_t reorder_acc_45 = svtbl_s32( svzip1_s32( svtrn1_s32(acc_44, acc_55), svtrn1_s32(acc_66, acc_77)), idx1);
+                    svint32_t reorder_acc_67 = svtbl_s32( svzip1_s32( svtrn2_s32(acc_44, acc_55), svtrn2_s32(acc_66, acc_77)), idx1);
+
+                    // Broadcast q8 scalar
+                    svfloat32_t q8_d = svdup_f32(q8_ptr[b].d[0]);
+
+                    svfloat32_t q4_dmin_temp = svcvt_f32_f16_x(svptrue_b32(), svzip1_f16( svld1_f16(svptrue_pat_b16(SV_VL8), (const __fp16 *)q4_ptr[b].dmin), svdup_f16(0)));
+
+                    svfloat32_t q4_d_temp = svcvt_f32_f16_x(svptrue_b32(), svzip1_f16( svld1_f16(svptrue_pat_b16(SV_VL8), (const __fp16 *)q4_ptr[b].d), svdup_f16(0)));
+
+                    svfloat32_t scale1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_d_temp, q8_d);
+                    svfloat32_t dmins1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_dmin_temp, q8_d);
+
+                    acc_f32_01 = svmls_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_01, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), bias_acc_00), dmins1);
+                    acc_f32_01 = svmla_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_01, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), reorder_acc_01), scale1);
+
+                    q8_d = svdup_f32(q8_ptr[b].d[1]);
+
+                    scale1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_d_temp, q8_d);
+                    dmins1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_dmin_temp, q8_d);
+
+                    acc_f32_23 = svmls_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_23, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), bias_acc_22), dmins1);
+                    acc_f32_23 = svmla_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_23, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), reorder_acc_23), scale1);
+
+                    q8_d = svdup_f32(q8_ptr[b].d[2]);
+
+
+                    scale1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_d_temp, q8_d);
+                    dmins1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_dmin_temp, q8_d);
+
+                    acc_f32_45 = svmls_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_45, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), bias_acc_44), dmins1);
+                    acc_f32_45 = svmla_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_45, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), reorder_acc_45), scale1);
+
+                    q8_d = svdup_f32(q8_ptr[b].d[3]);
+
+                    scale1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_d_temp, q8_d);
+                    dmins1 = svmul_f32_x(svptrue_b32(), q4_dmin_temp, q8_d);
+
+                    acc_f32_67 = svmls_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_67, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), bias_acc_66), dmins1);
+                    acc_f32_67 = svmla_f32_m(svptrue_b32(), acc_f32_67, svcvt_f32_s32_m(svdup_n_f32(0), svptrue_b32(), reorder_acc_67), scale1);
+
+                }  // for b
+
+                // With the previous reorder, the tile is already in the correct memory layout.
+                // Predicate for exactly 4 lanes
+                svbool_t pg4 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4);
+                for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                    int row = y * q8_k_blocklen + i;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                        int col    = x * ncols_interleaved + j * 4;
+                        int offset = row * bs + col;
+
+                        if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
+                            // acc_f32_0 → lower half of acc_f32_01
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, acc_f32_01);
+                        } else if (i == 0 && j == 1) {
+                            // acc_f32_1 → upper half of acc_f32_01
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, svext_f32(acc_f32_01, acc_f32_01, 4));
+                        } else if (i == 1 && j == 0) {
+                            // acc_f32_2
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, acc_f32_23);
+                        } else if (i == 1 && j == 1) {
+                            // acc_f32_3
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, svext_f32(acc_f32_23, acc_f32_23, 4));
+                        } else if (i == 2 && j == 0) {
+                            // acc_f32_4
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, acc_f32_45);
+                        } else if (i == 2 && j == 1) {
+                            // acc_f32_5
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, svext_f32(acc_f32_45, acc_f32_45, 4));
+                        } else if (i == 3 && j == 0) {
+                            // acc_f32_6
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, acc_f32_67);
+                        } else if (i == 3 && j == 1) {
+                            // acc_f32_7
+                            svst1_f32(pg4, s + offset, svext_f32(acc_f32_67, acc_f32_67, 4));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }  // for x
+        }  // for y
+        return;
+    }
+#endif  // SVE compile-time end
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    constexpr int    q8_k_blocklen = 4;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b           = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+
+    // 8 accumulators: 2 row pairs × 4 col pairs
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[blocklen];
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / q8_k_blocklen; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q4_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; i++) {
+                acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+            }
+
+            for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // bsums pairs belongs to the same q8_k subblock
+                const int16x8_t bsums[4]{
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3 + 8)),
+                };
+                int16_t bsums_arr[4][8];
+                for (int q8_row = 0; q8_row < 4; q8_row++) {
+                    vst1q_s16(bsums_arr[q8_row], bsums[q8_row]);
+                }
+
+                int32x4_t sb_acc[4];    // Aux accumulators to store subblock (partial) results
+                int32x4_t acc[8];       // rows 01 stored in [0][1][2][3] rows 23 stored in [4][5][6][7]
+                int32x4_t bias_acc[8];  // interleaved bias_acc: [0]->r0 0123, [1]->r0 4567, [2]->r1 0123 ...
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    acc[i]      = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    bias_acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                    // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                    // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                    int8_t    q4sb_scales[2][8];
+                    int16x8_t q4sb_mins[2];  // int16 as its needed for bias_acc later
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                        const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                        decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q4_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q4sb_mins[i], q4sb_scales[i]);
+                    }
 
-#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__)
-    float sumf[4][8];
-    int sumi;
+                    // q8_ptr[b].qs has interleaved Q8 rows (01, 23)
+                    const int8_t * q8_base = q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256;
+
+                    int8x16_t q8_qs_01[8];
+                    int8x16_t q8_qs_23[8];
+
+                    // Load 32-byte per row pair, 1 subblock each time
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                        const int offset = i * 32;  // 16 for row 01, 16 for row 23
+                        q8_qs_01[i]      = vld1q_s8(q8_base + offset);
+                        q8_qs_23[i]      = vld1q_s8(q8_base + offset + 16);
+                    }
+
+                    const int8x16_t q8s[2][8] = {
+                        { q8_qs_01[0], q8_qs_01[1], q8_qs_01[2], q8_qs_01[3],
+                          q8_qs_01[4], q8_qs_01[5], q8_qs_01[6], q8_qs_01[7] },
+                        { q8_qs_23[0], q8_qs_23[1], q8_qs_23[2], q8_qs_23[3],
+                          q8_qs_23[4], q8_qs_23[5], q8_qs_23[6], q8_qs_23[7] },
+                    };
+
+                    // Q4s columns iterated in pairs (01, 23, 45, 67)
+                    for (int cp = 0; cp < ncols_interleaved / 2; cp++) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                            sb_acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        }
+
+                        uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_0 = vld1q_u8(q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 0);    // 0 .. 7 & 32..39
+                        uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_1 = vld1q_u8(q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 64);   // 8 ..15 & 40..47
+                        uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_2 = vld1q_u8(q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 128);  // 16..23 & 48..55
+                        uint8x16_t q4_qs_cp_3 = vld1q_u8(q4_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 192);  // 24..31 & 56..63
+                        const int8x16_t q4_nibbles[2][4] = {
+                            {
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_0, m4b)),
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_1, m4b)),
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_2, m4b)),
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q4_qs_cp_3, m4b)),
+                            },
+                            {
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_0, 4)),
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_1, 4)),
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_2, 4)),
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4_qs_cp_3, 4)),
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // Calculates the Qs muladd of every row pair (rp) rows 01 and 23 of q8
+                        // for each of the internal 32 qs subblock (blk)
+                        for (int rp = 0; rp < 2; rp++) {
+                            for (int blk = 0; blk < 2; blk++) {
+                                const int8x16_t * q8  = &q8s[rp][4 * blk];
+                                const int8x16_t * q4  = q4_nibbles[blk];
+                                int32x4_t         acc = sb_acc[2 * rp + blk];
+                                // mul add for each qs in the same subblock
+                                for (int qs_offset = 0; qs_offset < 4; qs_offset++) {
+                                    acc = vmmlaq_s32(acc, q4[qs_offset], q8[qs_offset]);
+                                }
+                                sb_acc[2 * rp + blk] = acc;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Scales[i] corresponds to column i
+                        const int scale_offset = cp * 2;
+                        const int32_t scale_00 = q4sb_scales[0][scale_offset];
+                        const int32_t scale_01 = q4sb_scales[0][scale_offset + 1];
+                        const int32_t scale_10 = q4sb_scales[1][scale_offset];
+                        const int32_t scale_11 = q4sb_scales[1][scale_offset + 1];
+                        const int32x4_t block_scale_0 = vcombine_s32(vdup_n_s32(scale_00), vdup_n_s32(scale_01));
+                        const int32x4_t block_scale_1 = vcombine_s32(vdup_n_s32(scale_10), vdup_n_s32(scale_11));
+
+                        acc[cp]     = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp], sb_acc[0], block_scale_0);
+                        acc[cp + 4] = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp + 4], sb_acc[2], block_scale_0);
+                        acc[cp]     = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp], sb_acc[1], block_scale_1);
+                        acc[cp + 4] = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp + 4], sb_acc[3], block_scale_1);
+                    }
+
+                    // Multiply Acc bsum + mins
+                    for (int q8_row = 0; q8_row < 4; q8_row++) {
+                        // Each pair of subblocks share the same bsums
+                        // Load scalar bsum → broadcast to a vector (vdupq_n_s16(s)).
+                        int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][q8_row * 2]);
+                        int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][q8_row * 2 + 1]);
+
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row], bsums_vec_lo, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row], bsums_vec_hi, vget_low_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1], bsums_vec_lo, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1], bsums_vec_hi, vget_high_s16(q4sb_mins[1]));
+                    }
+                }  // for sb
+
+                // Reorder of i8mm output with bias and output layout
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    int32x2x2_t aux = vzip_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[i]), vget_high_s32(acc[i]));
+                    acc[i]          = vcombine_s32(aux.val[0], aux.val[1]);
+                }
+                int32x4_t reorder_acc[8] = {
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[0]), vget_low_s32(acc[1])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[2]), vget_low_s32(acc[3])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[0]), vget_high_s32(acc[1])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[2]), vget_high_s32(acc[3])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[4]), vget_low_s32(acc[5])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[6]), vget_low_s32(acc[7])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[4]), vget_high_s32(acc[5])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[6]), vget_high_s32(acc[7])),
+                };
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                        float32x4_t       q8_d    = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d[i]);
+                        float32x4_t       q4_dmin = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) (q4_ptr[b].dmin + j * 4)));
+                        const float32x4_t dmins   = vmulq_f32(q4_dmin, q8_d);
+
+                        float32x4_t       q4_d  = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) (q4_ptr[b].d + j * 4)));
+                        const float32x4_t scale = vmulq_f32(q4_d, q8_d);
+
+                        acc_f32[2 * i + j] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[2 * i + j], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[2 * i + j]), dmins);
+                        acc_f32[2 * i + j] =
+                            vmlaq_f32(acc_f32[2 * i + j], vcvtq_f32_s32(reorder_acc[2 * i + j]), scale);
+                    }
+                }
+            }  // for b
+
+            // With the previous reorder, the tile is already in the correct memory layout.
+            for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                int row = y * q8_k_blocklen + i;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                    int col    = x * ncols_interleaved + j * 4;
+                    int offset = row * bs + col;
+                    vst1q_f32(s + offset, acc_f32[2 * i + j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }  // for x
+    }  // for y
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    constexpr int    q8_k_blocklen = 4;
+    constexpr int    col_pairs     = ncols_interleaved / 2;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b           = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mone          = vdupq_n_u8(1);
+    const uint8x16_t mtwo          = vdupq_n_u8(2);
+
+    // 8 accumulators: 2 row pairs × 4 col pairs
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[blocklen];
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / q8_k_blocklen; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
 
-    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
         for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            const block_q5_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q5_ptr = (const block_q5_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; i++) {
+                acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
             }
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
+
+            for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // bsums pairs belongs to the same q8_k subblock
+                const int16x8_t bsums[4]{
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 0 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 1 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 2 + 8)),
+                    vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3), vld1q_s16(q8_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * 3 + 8)),
+                };
+                int16_t bsums_arr[4][8];
+                for (int q8_row = 0; q8_row < 4; q8_row++) {
+                    vst1q_s16(bsums_arr[q8_row], bsums[q8_row]);
+                }
+
+                int32x4_t sb_acc[4];    // Aux accumulators to store subblock (partial) results
+                int32x4_t acc[8];       // rows 01 stored in [0][1][2][3] rows 23 stored in [4][5][6][7]
+                int32x4_t bias_acc[8];  // interleaved bias_acc: [0]->r0 0123, [1]->r0 4567, [2]->r1 0123 ...
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    acc[i]      = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                    bias_acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+
+                // Load qh once per block and shift after each subblock
+                const uint8_t * qh_base = q5_ptr[b].qh;
+                uint8x16_t      qh[col_pairs][4];
+                for (int cp = 0; cp < col_pairs; cp++) {
+                    qh[cp][0] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp);
+                    qh[cp][1] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp + 64);
+                    qh[cp][2] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp + 128);
+                    qh[cp][3] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + 16 * cp + 192);
+                }
+
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                    // Need scales for the low and high nibbles
+                    // 2 * 12 = 24 bytes per subblock, 4 sbs -> 4 * 24 = 96 bytes total
+                    int8_t    q5sb_scales[2][8];
+                    int16x8_t q5sb_mins[2];  // int16 as its needed for bias_acc later
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                        const int offset = sb * 24 + i * 12;
+                        decode_q_Kx8_6bit_scales(&q5_ptr[b].scales[offset], &q5sb_mins[i], q5sb_scales[i]);
+                    }
+
+                    // q8_ptr[b].qs has interleaved Q8 rows (01, 23)
+                    const int8_t * q8_base = q8_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256;
+
+                    int8x16_t q8_qs_01[8];
+                    int8x16_t q8_qs_23[8];
+
+                    // Load 32-byte per row pair, 1 subblock each time
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                        const int offset = i * 32;  // 16 for row 01, 16 for row 23
+                        q8_qs_01[i]      = vld1q_s8(q8_base + offset);
+                        q8_qs_23[i]      = vld1q_s8(q8_base + offset + 16);
+                    }
+
+                    const int8x16_t q8s[2][8] = {
+                        { q8_qs_01[0], q8_qs_01[1], q8_qs_01[2], q8_qs_01[3], q8_qs_01[4], q8_qs_01[5], q8_qs_01[6],
+                         q8_qs_01[7] },
+                        { q8_qs_23[0], q8_qs_23[1], q8_qs_23[2], q8_qs_23[3], q8_qs_23[4], q8_qs_23[5], q8_qs_23[6],
+                         q8_qs_23[7] },
+                    };
+
+                    // Q5s columns iterated in pairs (01, 23, 45, 67)
+                    for (int cp = 0; cp < col_pairs; cp++) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                            sb_acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        }
+
+                        uint8x16_t qs_cp_0 = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 0);    // 0 .. 7 & 32..39
+                        uint8x16_t qs_cp_1 = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 64);   // 8 ..15 & 40..47
+                        uint8x16_t qs_cp_2 = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 128);  // 16..23 & 48..55
+                        uint8x16_t qs_cp_3 = vld1q_u8(q5_ptr[b].qs + sb * QK_K + 16 * cp + 192);  // 24..31 & 56..63
+
+                        // This is the only part of the algorithm that differs with Q4_K
+                        // Extract High bits and pack into 5 bit weights
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_lo_0    = vandq_u8(qh[cp][0], mone);
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_hi_0    = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[cp][0], mtwo), 3);
+                        qh[cp][0]               = vshrq_n_u8(qh[cp][0], 2);
+                        // Same as Q4_K, i8mm to dequantize the weights.
+                        const int8x16_t qs_lo_0 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_cp_0, m4b), hbit_lo_0, 4));
+                        int32x4_t       acc_0   = sb_acc[0];
+                        acc_0                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_0, qs_lo_0, q8s[0][0]);
+                        int32x4_t acc_2         = sb_acc[2];
+                        acc_2                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_2, qs_lo_0, q8s[1][0]);
+                        const int8x16_t qs_hi_0 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_cp_0, 4), hbit_hi_0));
+                        int32x4_t       acc_1   = sb_acc[1];
+                        acc_1                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_1, qs_hi_0, q8s[0][4]);
+                        int32x4_t acc_3         = sb_acc[3];
+                        acc_3                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_3, qs_hi_0, q8s[1][4]);
+
+                        // Repeat for the other 3 columns (8..15, 16..23, 24..31)
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_hi_1    = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[cp][1], mtwo), 3);
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_lo_1    = vandq_u8(qh[cp][1], mone);
+                        qh[cp][1]               = vshrq_n_u8(qh[cp][1], 2);
+                        const int8x16_t qs_lo_1 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_cp_1, m4b), hbit_lo_1, 4));
+                        acc_0                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_0, qs_lo_1, q8s[0][1]);
+                        acc_2                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_2, qs_lo_1, q8s[1][1]);
+                        const int8x16_t qs_hi_1 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_cp_1, 4), hbit_hi_1));
+                        acc_1                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_1, qs_hi_1, q8s[0][5]);
+                        acc_3                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_3, qs_hi_1, q8s[1][5]);
+
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_hi_2    = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[cp][2], mtwo), 3);
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_lo_2    = vandq_u8(qh[cp][2], mone);
+                        qh[cp][2]               = vshrq_n_u8(qh[cp][2], 2);
+                        const int8x16_t qs_lo_2 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_cp_2, m4b), hbit_lo_2, 4));
+                        acc_0                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_0, qs_lo_2, q8s[0][2]);
+                        acc_2                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_2, qs_lo_2, q8s[1][2]);
+                        const int8x16_t qs_hi_2 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_cp_2, 4), hbit_hi_2));
+                        acc_1                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_1, qs_hi_2, q8s[0][6]);
+                        acc_3                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_3, qs_hi_2, q8s[1][6]);
+
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_lo_3    = vandq_u8(qh[cp][3], mone);
+                        uint8x16_t hbit_hi_3    = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qh[cp][3], mtwo), 3);
+                        qh[cp][3]               = vshrq_n_u8(qh[cp][3], 2);
+                        const int8x16_t qs_lo_3 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(qs_cp_3, m4b), hbit_lo_3, 4));
+                        acc_0                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_0, qs_lo_3, q8s[0][3]);
+                        sb_acc[0]               = acc_0;
+                        acc_2                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_2, qs_lo_3, q8s[1][3]);
+                        sb_acc[2]               = acc_2;
+
+                        // Scales[i] corresponds to column i
+                        const int       scale_offset = cp * 2;
+                        const int32_t   s0           = q5sb_scales[0][scale_offset];
+                        const int32_t   s1           = q5sb_scales[0][scale_offset + 1];
+                        const int32x4_t block_scale  = vcombine_s32(vdup_n_s32(s0), vdup_n_s32(s1));
+                        acc[cp]                      = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp], sb_acc[0], block_scale);
+                        acc[cp + 4]                  = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp + 4], sb_acc[2], block_scale);
+
+                        const int8x16_t qs_hi_3 = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(qs_cp_3, 4), hbit_hi_3));
+                        acc_1                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_1, qs_hi_3, q8s[0][7]);
+                        sb_acc[1]               = acc_1;
+                        acc_3                   = vmmlaq_s32(acc_3, qs_hi_3, q8s[1][7]);
+                        sb_acc[3]               = acc_3;
+
+                        const int32_t   s2           = q5sb_scales[1][scale_offset];
+                        const int32_t   s3           = q5sb_scales[1][scale_offset + 1];
+                        const int32x4_t block_scale2 = vcombine_s32(vdup_n_s32(s2), vdup_n_s32(s3));
+                        acc[cp]                      = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp], sb_acc[1], block_scale2);
+                        acc[cp + 4]                  = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp + 4], sb_acc[3], block_scale2);
+                    }
+
+                    // Multiply Acc bsum + mins
+                    for (int q8_row = 0; q8_row < 4; q8_row++) {
+                        // Each pair of subblocks share the same bsums
+                        // Load scalar bsum → broadcast to a vector (vdupq_n_s16(s)).
+                        int16x4_t bsums_vec_lo = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][q8_row * 2]);
+                        int16x4_t bsums_vec_hi = vdup_n_s16(bsums_arr[sb][q8_row * 2 + 1]);
+
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row], bsums_vec_lo, vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row], bsums_vec_hi, vget_low_s16(q5sb_mins[1]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1], bsums_vec_lo, vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[0]));
+                        bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1] =
+                            vmlal_s16(bias_acc[2 * q8_row + 1], bsums_vec_hi, vget_high_s16(q5sb_mins[1]));
+                    }
+                }  // for sb
+
+                // Reorder of i8mm output with bias and output layout
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    int32x2x2_t aux = vzip_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[i]), vget_high_s32(acc[i]));
+                    acc[i]          = vcombine_s32(aux.val[0], aux.val[1]);
+                }
+                int32x4_t reorder_acc[8] = {
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[0]), vget_low_s32(acc[1])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[2]), vget_low_s32(acc[3])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[0]), vget_high_s32(acc[1])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[2]), vget_high_s32(acc[3])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[4]), vget_low_s32(acc[5])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[6]), vget_low_s32(acc[7])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[4]), vget_high_s32(acc[5])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[6]), vget_high_s32(acc[7])),
+                };
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                        float32x4_t       q8_d    = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d[i]);
+                        float32x4_t       q5_dmin = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) (q5_ptr[b].dmin + j * 4)));
+                        const float32x4_t dmins   = vmulq_f32(q5_dmin, q8_d);
+
+                        float32x4_t       q5_d  = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) (q5_ptr[b].d + j * 4)));
+                        const float32x4_t scale = vmulq_f32(q5_d, q8_d);
+
+                        acc_f32[2 * i + j] = vmlsq_f32(acc_f32[2 * i + j], vcvtq_f32_s32(bias_acc[2 * i + j]), dmins);
+                        acc_f32[2 * i + j] =
+                            vmlaq_f32(acc_f32[2 * i + j], vcvtq_f32_s32(reorder_acc[2 * i + j]), scale);
+                    }
+                }
+            }  // for b
+
+            // With the previous reorder, the tile is already in the correct memory layout.
+            for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                int row = y * q8_k_blocklen + i;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                    int col    = x * ncols_interleaved + j * 4;
+                    int offset = row * bs + col;
+                    vst1q_f32(s + offset, acc_f32[2 * i + j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }  // for x
+    }  // for y
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    constexpr int    q8_k_blocklen = 4;
+    constexpr int    col_groups    = ncols_interleaved / 4;
+    constexpr int    acc_size      = q8_k_blocklen * col_groups;  // 4 rows, 2 column groups
+    const uint8x16_t m4b           = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_lo       = vdupq_n_u8(0x03);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_hi       = vdupq_n_u8(0x30);
+    const int8x16_t  m32s          = vdupq_n_s8(32);
+
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[acc_size];
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / q8_k_blocklen; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q6_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q6_ptr = (const block_q6_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+            }
+
+            for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                float32x4_t q6_d_0123 = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q6_ptr[b].d));
+                float32x4_t q6_d_4567 = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) q6_ptr[b].d + 4));
+                float32x4_t q8_d_0123 = vld1q_f32(q8_ptr[b].d);
+
+                float32x4_t sbd_scale_0123[q8_k_blocklen];
+                float32x4_t sbd_scale_4567[q8_k_blocklen];
+
+                sbd_scale_0123[0] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_scale_4567[0] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 0);
+                sbd_scale_0123[1] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_scale_4567[1] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 1);
+                sbd_scale_0123[2] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_scale_4567[2] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 2);
+                sbd_scale_0123[3] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_0123, q8_d_0123, 3);
+                sbd_scale_4567[3] = vmulq_laneq_f32(q6_d_4567, q8_d_0123, 3);
+
+                int32x4_t acc_s32[acc_size];
+                for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                    acc_s32[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+
+                int16_t q6_scales[8 * 16];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                    int16x8_t scales = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(q6_ptr[b].scales + i * 8));
+                    vst1q_s16(q6_scales + i * 8, scales);
+                }
+
+                for (int half = 0; half < 2; half++) {
+                    const uint8_t * ql_base = q6_ptr[b].ql + half * 512;
+                    const uint8_t * qh_base = q6_ptr[b].qh + half * 256;
+
+                    for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                        int32x4_t acc_lo[acc_size];
+                        int32x4_t acc_hi[acc_size];
+                        for (int i = 0; i < acc_size; i++) {
+                            acc_lo[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                            acc_hi[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                        }
+
+                        const int8_t * q8_base_l = q8_ptr[b].qs + half * 512 + sb * 64;
+                        const int8_t * q8_base_h = q8_ptr[b].qs + half * 512 + 256 + sb * 64;
+
+                        // 4 rows * 16 elements per scale
+                        // 4 reads of 16 bytes each
+                        constexpr int reads_per_sb = 4;
+                        int8x16_t     q8_l[reads_per_sb];
+                        int8x16_t     q8_h[reads_per_sb];
+                        for (int k = 0; k < reads_per_sb; k++) {
+                            q8_l[k] = vld1q_s8(q8_base_l + 16 * k);
+                            q8_h[k] = vld1q_s8(q8_base_h + 16 * k);
+                        }
+
+                        const int ql_off_base = sb * QK_K / 2;
+                        const int qh_off_base = ql_off_base & 255;
+
+                        uint8x16_t q6_ql_0123[reads_per_sb];
+                        uint8x16_t q6_ql_4567[reads_per_sb];
+                        uint8x16_t q6_qh_0123[reads_per_sb];
+                        uint8x16_t q6_qh_4567[reads_per_sb];
+
+                        for (int k = 0; k < reads_per_sb; k++) {
+                            q6_ql_0123[k] = vld1q_u8(ql_base + ql_off_base + k * 32);
+                            q6_ql_4567[k] = vld1q_u8(ql_base + ql_off_base + k * 32 + 16);
+                            q6_qh_0123[k] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + qh_off_base + k * 32);
+                            q6_qh_4567[k] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + qh_off_base + k * 32 + 16);
+                        }
+
+                        if (sb > 1) {
+                            for (int k = 0; k < reads_per_sb; k++) {
+                                q6_qh_0123[k] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0123[k], 2);
+                                q6_qh_4567[k] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_4567[k], 2);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        for (int k = 0; k < reads_per_sb; k++) {
+                            // q = (ql | qh) - 32
+                            const uint8x16_t hbit_lo_0123 = vandq_u8(q6_qh_0123[k], mask_lo);
+                            const uint8x16_t hbit_hi_0123 = vandq_u8(q6_qh_0123[k], mask_hi);
+                            const uint8x16_t hbit_lo_4567 = vandq_u8(q6_qh_4567[k], mask_lo);
+                            const uint8x16_t hbit_hi_4567 = vandq_u8(q6_qh_4567[k], mask_hi);
+
+                            const int8x16_t q6_0123_lo = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q6_ql_0123[k], m4b), hbit_lo_0123, 4)), m32s);
+                            const int8x16_t q6_0123_hi = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6_ql_0123[k], 4), hbit_hi_0123)), m32s);
+
+                            acc_lo[0] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[0], q6_0123_lo, q8_l[k], 0);  //  0..3  r0 c0123
+                            acc_lo[1] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[1], q6_0123_lo, q8_l[k], 1);  //  0..3  r1 c0123
+                            acc_lo[2] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[2], q6_0123_lo, q8_l[k], 2);  //  0..3  r2 c0123
+                            acc_lo[3] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[3], q6_0123_lo, q8_l[k], 3);  //  0..3  r3 c0123
+
+                            acc_hi[0] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[0], q6_0123_hi, q8_h[k], 0);  // 64..67 r0 c0123
+                            acc_hi[1] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[1], q6_0123_hi, q8_h[k], 1);  // 64..67 r1 c0123
+                            acc_hi[2] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[2], q6_0123_hi, q8_h[k], 2);  // 64..67 r2 c0123
+                            acc_hi[3] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[3], q6_0123_hi, q8_h[k], 3);  // 64..67 r3 c0123
+
+                            const int8x16_t q6_4567_lo = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q6_ql_4567[k], m4b), hbit_lo_4567, 4)), m32s);
+                            const int8x16_t q6_4567_hi = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6_ql_4567[k], 4), hbit_hi_4567)), m32s);
+
+                            acc_lo[4] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[4], q6_4567_lo, q8_l[k], 0);  //  0..3  r0 c4567
+                            acc_lo[5] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[5], q6_4567_lo, q8_l[k], 1);  //  0..3  r1 c4567
+                            acc_lo[6] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[6], q6_4567_lo, q8_l[k], 2);  //  0..3  r2 c4567
+                            acc_lo[7] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_lo[7], q6_4567_lo, q8_l[k], 3);  //  0..3  r3 c4567
+
+                            acc_hi[4] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[4], q6_4567_hi, q8_h[k], 0);  // 64..67 r0 c4567
+                            acc_hi[5] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[5], q6_4567_hi, q8_h[k], 1);  // 64..67 r1 c4567
+                            acc_hi[6] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[6], q6_4567_hi, q8_h[k], 2);  // 64..67 r2 c4567
+                            acc_hi[7] = vdotq_laneq_s32(acc_hi[7], q6_4567_hi, q8_h[k], 3);  // 64..67 r3 c4567
+                        }
+
+                        // Scale and bias
+                        const int scale_idx_l = half * 8 + sb;
+                        const int scale_idx_h = half * 8 + sb + 4;
+
+                        for (int g = 0; g < col_groups; g++) {
+                            const int16x4_t scales_l16  = vld1_s16(q6_scales + scale_idx_l * 8 + g * 4);
+                            const int16x4_t scales_h16  = vld1_s16(q6_scales + scale_idx_h * 8 + g * 4);
+                            const int32x4_t scale_vec_l = vmovl_s16(scales_l16);
+                            const int32x4_t scale_vec_h = vmovl_s16(scales_h16);
+                            const int       acc_offset  = g * q8_k_blocklen;
+
+                            for (int row = 0; row < q8_k_blocklen; row++) {
+                                const int idx = row * 2 + g;
+                                acc_s32[idx]  = vmlaq_s32(acc_s32[idx], acc_lo[acc_offset + row], scale_vec_l);
+                                acc_s32[idx]  = vmlaq_s32(acc_s32[idx], acc_hi[acc_offset + row], scale_vec_h);
                             }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
                         }
                     }
                 }
+
+                // Finally we apply the superblock scales
+                for (int row = 0; row < q8_k_blocklen; row++) {
+                    const int       idx0     = 2 * row;
+                    const int       idx1     = 2 * row + 1;
+                    const int32x4_t acc_0123 = acc_s32[idx0];
+                    const int32x4_t acc_4567 = acc_s32[idx1];
+
+                    acc_f32[idx0] = vmlaq_f32(acc_f32[idx0], vcvtq_f32_s32(acc_0123), sbd_scale_0123[row]);
+                    acc_f32[idx1] = vmlaq_f32(acc_f32[idx1], vcvtq_f32_s32(acc_4567), sbd_scale_4567[row]);
+                }
+            }  // for b
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                int row = y * q8_k_blocklen + i;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                    int col    = x * ncols_interleaved + j * 4;
+                    int offset = row * bs + col;
+                    vst1q_f32(s + offset, acc_f32[2 * i + j]);
+                }
             }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+        }  // for x
+    }  // for y
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int qk = QK_K;
+    const int     nb = n / qk;
+
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    constexpr int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    constexpr int    q8_k_blocklen = 4;
+    const uint8x16_t m4b           = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_lo       = vdupq_n_u8(0x03);
+    const uint8x16_t mask_hi       = vdupq_n_u8(0x30);
+    const int8x16_t  m32s          = vdupq_n_s8(32);
+
+    // 8 accumulators: 4 q8 rows × 2 col groups (0-3, 4-7)
+    float32x4_t acc_f32[blocklen];
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / q8_k_blocklen; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT q8_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q6_Kx8 * GGML_RESTRICT q6_ptr = (const block_q6_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; i++) {
+                acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
             }
-        }
-    }
+
+            for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                int32x4_t acc[8];  // rows 01 stored in [0][1][2][3], rows 23 stored in [4][5][6][7]
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+                }
+
+                // Q6_K has simple 8-bit scales, 16 per block (one per 16 values)
+                // Reused for bias and dequantization later
+                int16_t q6_scales[16 * 8];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+                    int16x8_t s16 = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(q6_ptr[b].scales + i * 8));
+                    vst1q_s16(q6_scales + i * 8, s16);
+                }
+
+                // Process two 128-value halves per superblock
+                for (int half = 0; half < 2; half++) {
+
+                    const uint8_t * ql_base = q6_ptr[b].ql + half * 512;
+                    const uint8_t * qh_base = q6_ptr[b].qh + half * 256;
+
+                    // A subblock (sb) is a set of weights that share the scale
+                    // Since q6_K scales are per 16 elements
+                    // num sbs -> 256 elements / (16 elements/scale * 2 elements/byte * 2 halves)
+                    for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                        // Q6_K weight index increasing by 64 instead of 32 requires
+                        // loading various q8 memory regions
+                        const int8_t * q8_base_l = q8_ptr[b].qs + half * 512 + sb * 64;
+                        const int8_t * q8_base_h = q8_ptr[b].qs + half * 512 + 256 + sb * 64;
+
+                        int8x16_t q8_l_01[2];
+                        int8x16_t q8_l_23[2];
+                        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                            const int offset = i * 32;
+                            q8_l_01[i]       = vld1q_s8(q8_base_l + offset);       // 0..7 & 8..15 (r01)
+                            q8_l_23[i]       = vld1q_s8(q8_base_l + offset + 16);  // 0..7 & 8..15 (r23)
+                        }
+
+                        int8x16_t q8_h_01[2];
+                        int8x16_t q8_h_23[2];
+                        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                            const int offset = i * 32;
+                            q8_h_01[i]       = vld1q_s8(q8_base_h + offset);
+                            q8_h_23[i]       = vld1q_s8(q8_base_h + offset + 16);
+                        }
+
+                        const int ql_off_base = sb * QK_K / 2;
+
+                        uint8x16_t q6_ql_0[4];
+                        uint8x16_t q6_ql_1[4];
+                        for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                            q6_ql_0[k] = vld1q_u8(ql_base + ql_off_base + 16 * k);
+                            q6_ql_1[k] = vld1q_u8(ql_base + ql_off_base + 64 + 16 * k);
+                        }
+
+                        const int  qh_off_base = (sb * QK_K / 2) & 255;  // wrap after 256 bytes
+                        uint8x16_t q6_qh_0[4];
+                        uint8x16_t q6_qh_1[4];
+                        for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                            q6_qh_0[k] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + qh_off_base + 16 * k);
+                            q6_qh_1[k] = vld1q_u8(qh_base + qh_off_base + 64 + 16 * k);
+                        }
+
+                        // Adjust for the proper high bits (Sb 2 and 3)
+                        if (sb > 1) {
+                            for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                                q6_qh_0[k] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_0[k], 2);
+                                q6_qh_1[k] = vshrq_n_u8(q6_qh_1[k], 2);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Process column pairs (0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7)
+                        for (int cp = 0; cp < ncols_interleaved / 2; cp++) {
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_0_l = q6_ql_0[cp];
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_1_l = q6_ql_1[cp];
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_0_h = q6_qh_0[cp];
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_1_h = q6_qh_1[cp];
+
+                            // Extract high 2 bits for upper nibble reconstruction
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_0_hh = vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_h, mask_hi);
+                            const uint8x16_t q6_qs_cp_1_hh = vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_h, mask_hi);
+
+                            // q6 = (low4 | high2<<4) - 32
+                            // Use vsliq_n_u8 to combine shift-left-insert in one instruction (like Q5_K)
+                            const int8x16_t q6_l0 = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_l, m4b), vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_h, mask_lo), 4)),
+                                m32s);
+                            const int8x16_t q6_l1 = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_l, m4b), vandq_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_h, mask_lo), 4)),
+                                m32s);
+                            const int8x16_t q6_h0 = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6_qs_cp_0_l, 4), q6_qs_cp_0_hh)), m32s);
+                            const int8x16_t q6_h1 = vsubq_s8(
+                                vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6_qs_cp_1_l, 4), q6_qs_cp_1_hh)), m32s);
+
+                            // row pair 0, base_l
+                            int32x4_t sb_acc_0l = vmmlaq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q6_l0, q8_l_01[0]);
+                            sb_acc_0l           = vmmlaq_s32(sb_acc_0l, q6_l1, q8_l_01[1]);
+                            // row pair 0, base_h
+                            int32x4_t sb_acc_0h = vmmlaq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q6_h0, q8_h_01[0]);
+                            sb_acc_0h           = vmmlaq_s32(sb_acc_0h, q6_h1, q8_h_01[1]);
+                            // row pair 1, base_l
+                            int32x4_t sb_acc_1l = vmmlaq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q6_l0, q8_l_23[0]);
+                            sb_acc_1l           = vmmlaq_s32(sb_acc_1l, q6_l1, q8_l_23[1]);
+                            // row pair 1, base_h
+                            int32x4_t sb_acc_1h = vmmlaq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q6_h0, q8_h_23[0]);
+                            sb_acc_1h           = vmmlaq_s32(sb_acc_1h, q6_h1, q8_h_23[1]);
+
+                            const int scale_idx_l = half * 8 + sb;
+                            const int scale_idx_h = half * 8 + sb + 4;
+
+                            const int32x4_t scale_vec_l = {
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_l * 8 + cp * 2 + 0],
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_l * 8 + cp * 2 + 0],
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_l * 8 + cp * 2 + 1],
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_l * 8 + cp * 2 + 1],
+                            };
+                            const int32x4_t scale_vec_h = {
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_h * 8 + cp * 2 + 0],
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_h * 8 + cp * 2 + 0],
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_h * 8 + cp * 2 + 1],
+                                q6_scales[scale_idx_h * 8 + cp * 2 + 1],
+                            };
+
+                            acc[cp]     = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp], sb_acc_0l, scale_vec_l);
+                            acc[cp]     = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp], sb_acc_0h, scale_vec_h);
+                            acc[cp + 4] = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp + 4], sb_acc_1l, scale_vec_l);
+                            acc[cp + 4] = vmlaq_s32(acc[cp + 4], sb_acc_1h, scale_vec_h);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }  // for half
+
+                // Reorder i8mm output to match memory layout
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    int32x2x2_t aux = vzip_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[i]), vget_high_s32(acc[i]));
+                    acc[i]          = vcombine_s32(aux.val[0], aux.val[1]);
+                }
+                int32x4_t reorder_acc[8] = {
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[0]), vget_low_s32(acc[1])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[2]), vget_low_s32(acc[3])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[0]), vget_high_s32(acc[1])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[2]), vget_high_s32(acc[3])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[4]), vget_low_s32(acc[5])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[6]), vget_low_s32(acc[7])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[4]), vget_high_s32(acc[5])),
+                    vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[6]), vget_high_s32(acc[7])),
+                };
+
+                // Apply superblock scale (no mins for q6_K)
+                for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                        float32x4_t       q8_d  = vdupq_n_f32(q8_ptr[b].d[i]);
+                        float32x4_t       q6_d  = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) (q6_ptr[b].d + j * 4)));
+                        const float32x4_t scale = vmulq_f32(q6_d, q8_d);
+
+                        acc_f32[2 * i + j] =
+                            vmlaq_f32(acc_f32[2 * i + j], vcvtq_f32_s32(reorder_acc[2 * i + j]), scale);
+                    }
+                }
+            }  // for b
+
+            // Store results
+            for (int i = 0; i < q8_k_blocklen; i++) {
+                int row = y * q8_k_blocklen + i;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                    int col    = x * ncols_interleaved + j * 4;
+                    int offset = row * bs + col;
+                    vst1q_f32(s + offset, acc_f32[2 * i + j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }  // for x
+    }  // for y
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK8_0;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
     const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
-    const int blocklen = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 4;
 
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
-    UNUSED(s);
-    UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
-    UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
     UNUSED(nb);
     UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
     UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-#if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-    const int8x16_t kvalues = vld1q_s8(kvalues_iq4nl);
-
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
     for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
         const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
         for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
 
             float32x4_t sumf[4];
             for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
@@ -2086,30 +4967,24 @@ void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
             }
 
             for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                float32x4_t a_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const float16_t *)a_ptr[l].d));
-                float32x4_t b_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const float16_t *)b_ptr[l].d));
+                float32x4_t a_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const float16_t *) a_ptr[l].d));
+                float32x4_t b_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const float16_t *) b_ptr[l].d));
 
                 int32x4_t sumi_0 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
                 int32x4_t sumi_1 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
                 int32x4_t sumi_2 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
                 int32x4_t sumi_3 = vdupq_n_s32(0);
 
-                for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
-                    int8x16_t a_0 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k + 0);
-                    int8x16_t a_1 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k + 64);
-
-                    uint8x16_t b = vld1q_u8(b_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k);
-                    int8x16_t b_hi = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b >> 4);
-                    int8x16_t b_lo = vqtbl1q_s8(kvalues, b & 0xF);
+                for (int k_group = 0; k_group < 8; k_group += 4) {
+                    int8x16x4_t a = vld1q_s8_x4(a_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k_group);
+                    int8x16x4_t b = vld1q_s8_x4(b_ptr[l].qs + 16 * k_group);
 
-                    sumi_0 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_0, b_lo, a_0, 0);
-                    sumi_1 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_1, b_lo, a_0, 1);
-                    sumi_2 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_2, b_lo, a_0, 2);
-                    sumi_3 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_3, b_lo, a_0, 3);
-                    sumi_0 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_0, b_hi, a_1, 0);
-                    sumi_1 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_1, b_hi, a_1, 1);
-                    sumi_2 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_2, b_hi, a_1, 2);
-                    sumi_3 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_3, b_hi, a_1, 3);
+                    for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                        sumi_0 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_0, b.val[k], a.val[k], 0);
+                        sumi_1 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_1, b.val[k], a.val[k], 1);
+                        sumi_2 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_2, b.val[k], a.val[k], 2);
+                        sumi_3 = vdotq_laneq_s32(sumi_3, b.val[k], a.val[k], 3);
+                    }
                 }
 
                 sumf[0] = vmlaq_f32(sumf[0], vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 0), vcvtq_f32_s32(sumi_0));
@@ -2124,39 +4999,93 @@ void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
         }
     }
     return;
-#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
-    {
-        float sumf[4][4];
-        int sumi;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
 
-        for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-            for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-                const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-                }
-                for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                    for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                        for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                                sumi = 0;
-                                for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                    const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
-                                    const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
-                                    sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                            (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4]));
-                                }
-                                sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0(int                        n,
+                             float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                             size_t                     bs,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                             const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                             int                        nr,
+                             int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr_base = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr; y += 4) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr_base = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y / 4) * nb;
+
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc; x += ncols_interleaved) {
+            const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = b_ptr_base + (x / 4) * nb;
+            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_base;
+
+            float32x4_t acc_f32[4];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                acc_f32[i] = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+            }
+
+            for (int b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                int32x4_t acc[4];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                    acc[i] = vdupq_n_s32(0);
                 }
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                        s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+
+                // Process 4 chunks of 8 positions each
+                for (int chunk = 0; chunk < 4; chunk++) {
+                    int8x16_t a01 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr->qs + chunk * 32);
+                    int8x16_t a23 = vld1q_s8(a_ptr->qs + chunk * 32 + 16);
+                    int8x16_t b01 = vld1q_s8(b_ptr->qs + chunk * 32);
+                    int8x16_t b23 = vld1q_s8(b_ptr->qs + chunk * 32 + 16);
+
+                    acc[0] = vmmlaq_s32(acc[0], a01, b01);
+                    acc[1] = vmmlaq_s32(acc[1], a01, b23);
+                    acc[2] = vmmlaq_s32(acc[2], a23, b01);
+                    acc[3] = vmmlaq_s32(acc[3], a23, b23);
                 }
+
+                // Reorder outputs from 2×2 tiles to row-major
+                // acc[0] = [r0c0, r0c1, r1c0, r1c1]
+                // acc[1] = [r0c2, r0c3, r1c2, r1c3]
+                // acc[2] = [r2c0, r2c1, r3c0, r3c1]
+                // acc[3] = [r2c2, r2c3, r3c2, r3c3]
+                int32x4_t row0 = vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[0]), vget_low_s32(acc[1]));
+                int32x4_t row1 = vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[0]), vget_high_s32(acc[1]));
+                int32x4_t row2 = vcombine_s32(vget_low_s32(acc[2]), vget_low_s32(acc[3]));
+                int32x4_t row3 = vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(acc[2]), vget_high_s32(acc[3]));
+
+                // Scales
+                float32x4_t a_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) a_ptr->d));
+                float32x4_t b_d = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((const __fp16 *) b_ptr->d));
+
+                acc_f32[0] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[0], vcvtq_f32_s32(row0), vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 0));
+                acc_f32[1] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[1], vcvtq_f32_s32(row1), vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 1));
+                acc_f32[2] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[2], vcvtq_f32_s32(row2), vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 2));
+                acc_f32[3] = vfmaq_f32(acc_f32[3], vcvtq_f32_s32(row3), vmulq_laneq_f32(b_d, a_d, 3));
+
+                a_ptr++;
+                b_ptr++;
+            }
+
+            for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++) {
+                vst1q_f32(s + (y + row) * bs + x, acc_f32[row]);
             }
         }
     }
+    return;
+#endif  // defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/loongarch/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/loongarch/quants.c
index f2ea965724a..f531e916b9e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/loongarch/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/loongarch/quants.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include "../../quants.h"
 #include "../../ggml-cpu-impl.h"
@@ -104,6 +105,18 @@ static inline float hsum_float_4x4(const __m128 a, const __m128 b, const __m128
 
     return ((v4f32)res)[0];
 }
+
+// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice
+static inline __m128i mul_sum_i8_pairs(const __m128i x, const __m128i y) {
+    // Get absolute values of x vectors
+    const __m128i ax = __lsx_vsigncov_b(x, x);
+    // Sign the values of the y vectors
+    const __m128i sy = __lsx_vsigncov_b(x, y);
+    // Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
+    const __m128i dot = lsx_maddubs_h(ax, sy);
+    const __m128i ones = __lsx_vreplgr2vr_h(1);
+    return lsx_madd_h(ones, dot);
+}
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__loongarch_asx)
@@ -322,18 +335,6 @@ static inline __m256i lasx_xvandi_b_bit(__m256i a, const unsigned int b) {
     }
 }
 
-// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice
-static inline __m128i mul_sum_i8_pairs(const __m128i x, const __m128i y) {
-    // Get absolute values of x vectors
-    const __m128i ax = __lsx_vsigncov_b(x, x);
-    // Sign the values of the y vectors
-    const __m128i sy = __lsx_vsigncov_b(x, y);
-    // Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
-    const __m128i dot = lsx_maddubs_h(ax, sy);
-    const __m128i ones = __lsx_vreplgr2vr_h(1);
-    return lsx_madd_h(ones, dot);
-}
-
 // horizontally add 8 floats
 static inline float hsum_float_8(const __m256 x) {
     __m128 res = lasx_extractf128(x, 1);
@@ -474,7 +475,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
         // Quantize these floats
         const float d = max_scalar / 127.f;
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         const float id = ( max_scalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / max_scalar : 0.0f;
         const __m256 mul = (__m256)__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s( id );
 
@@ -543,12 +544,12 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         __m128 max4 = __lsx_vfmax_s( lasx_extractf128( max_abs, 1 ), lasx_extractf128( max_abs, 0) );
         max4 = __lsx_vfmax_s( max4, (__m128)__lsx_vpickod_d((__m128i) max4, (__m128i)max4 ) );
         __m128 tmp = max4;
-        max4 = __lsx_vfmax_s( max4, (__m128)__lsx_vextrins_w((__m128i)tmp, (__m128i)max4, 0x10 ));
+        max4 = __lsx_vfmax_s( max4, (__m128)__lsx_vextrins_w((__m128i)tmp, (__m128i)max4, 0x1 ));
         const float max_scalar = ((v4f32)max4)[0];
 
         // Quantize these floats
         const float d = max_scalar / 127.f;
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         const float id = ( max_scalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / max_scalar : 0.0f;
         const __m256 mul = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s( id );
 
@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         // Compute the sum of the quants and set y[i].s
         const __m128i s0 = __lsx_vadd_w(__lsx_vadd_w(ni0, ni1), __lsx_vadd_w(ni2, ni3));
         const __m128i s1 = __lsx_vadd_w(__lsx_vadd_w(ni4, ni5), __lsx_vadd_w(ni6, ni7));
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_4(__lsx_vadd_w(s0, s1)));
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_4(__lsx_vadd_w(s0, s1)));
 
         // Convert int32 to int16
         ni0 = lsx_packs_w( ni0, ni1 );
@@ -667,7 +668,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         /* Compute combined scale for the block */
-        const __m256 d = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
+        const __m256 d = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s( GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
 
         __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
 
@@ -699,7 +700,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
 
         // Compute combined scale for the block 0 and 1
-        const __m128 d_0_1 = (__m128)__lsx_vreplgr2vr_w( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
+        const float ft0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        const __m128 d_0_1 = (__m128)(v4f32){ft0, ft0, ft0, ft0};
 
         const __m128i tmp_0_1 = __lsx_vld((const __m128i *)x[ib].qs, 0);
 
@@ -713,11 +715,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         bx_1 = __lsx_vsub_b(bx_1, off);
         const __m128i i32_1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_1, by_1);
 
-        //_mm_prefetch(&x[ib] + 2 * sizeof(block_q4_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
-        //_mm_prefetch(&y[ib] + 2 * sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
         // Compute combined scale for the block 2 and 3
-        const __m128 d_2_3 = (__m128)__lsx_vreplgr2vr_w( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) );
+        const float ft1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d);
+        const __m128 d_2_3 = (__m128)(v4f32){ft1, ft1, ft1, ft1};
 
         const __m128i tmp_2_3 = __lsx_vld((const __m128i *)x[ib + 1].qs, 0);
 
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        sumf += sumi*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -797,10 +797,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
-        const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        const float d0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const float d1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
 
         const __m256 d0v = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s( d0 );
         const __m256 d1v = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s( d1 );
@@ -820,24 +820,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F);
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4);
-
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -865,7 +856,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         /* Compute combined scale for the block */
-        const __m256 d = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)); //FIXME
+        const __m256 d = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)); //FIXME
 
         __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
         __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[ib].qh);
@@ -882,30 +873,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 0 ))) >> (j + 0 )) << 4;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 16))) >> (j + 12));
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0) - 16);
-            const int32_t x1 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1) - 16);
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -934,16 +910,16 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const __m256 dx = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        const __m256 dx = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
 
         __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
         __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[ib].qh);
         bxhi = __lasx_xvand_v(bxhi, __lasx_xvreplgr2vr_b(0x10));
         qx = __lasx_xvor_v(qx, bxhi);
 
-        const __m256 dy = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const __m256 dy = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         const __m256i qy = __lasx_xvld((const __m256i *)y[ib].qs, 0);
 
         const __m256 q = mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(qx, qy);
@@ -953,30 +929,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0xF) | xh_0;
-            const int32_t x1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>  4) | xh_1;
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -1003,7 +964,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         // Compute combined scale for the block
-        const __m256 d = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const __m256 d = __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         __m256i qx = __lasx_xvld((const __m256i *)x[ib].qs, 0);
         __m256i qy = __lasx_xvld((const __m256i *)y[ib].qs, 0);
 
@@ -1015,18 +976,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
-            sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
-        }
-
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -1047,8 +1005,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -1102,45 +1060,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-
-        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-
-        int summs = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
-        }
-
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
-
-        int isum = 0;
-        int is = 0;
-        int d;
-        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K/128; ++k) {
-            int shift = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                int isuml = 0;
-                for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                isuml = 0;
-                for (int l = 16; l < 32; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                shift += 2;
-                q8 += 32;
-            }
-            q2 += 32;
-        }
-        sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1170,7 +1093,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
         // Set up scales
@@ -1238,70 +1161,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
 #else
-    // scalar version
-    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
-    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
-    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
-    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
-    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
-    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    uint32_t auxs[4];
-    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].hmask;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q3 += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-
-        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
-        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
-        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -1330,8 +1196,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
         utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
@@ -1390,61 +1256,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + ((v4f32)acc_m)[0];
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            a += 32;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            a += 32; q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1477,8 +1296,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q5 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
         utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
@@ -1540,66 +1359,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + ((v4f32)acc_m)[0];
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1624,7 +1391,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -1677,47 +1444,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
 #else
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
-                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-            }
-            a  += 128;
-            q4 += 64;
-            qh += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1780,7 +1510,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     __m256 accumf = (__m256)__lasx_xvldi(0);
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
         __m256i sumi1 = __lasx_xvldi(0);
@@ -1814,34 +1544,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32[2];
-    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(aux32, q2, 2*sizeof(uint32_t));
-            q2 += 4;
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32[1] >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[l]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32[1] >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1895,7 +1601,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
     __m256 accumf = (__m256)__lasx_xvldi(0);
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
@@ -1977,42 +1683,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
     *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT sc = x[i].scales;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            const uint16_t ls1 = 2*(sc[ib32] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint16_t ls2 = 2*(sc[ib32] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-            q2 += 4;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2049,7 +1723,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
     __m256 accumf = (__m256)__lasx_xvldi(0);
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = (const uint16_t *)(x[i].qs + QK_K/8);
@@ -2104,47 +1778,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * signs = qs + QK_K/8;
-
-        int bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            int ls1 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] & 0xf);
-            int ls2 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] >>  4);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi1 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi2 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += ls1 * sumi1 + ls2 * sumi2;
-            qs += 4;
-            signs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -2168,7 +1806,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     __m256 accumf = (__m256)__lasx_xvldi(0);
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -2208,36 +1846,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.25f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(&aux32, gas, sizeof(uint32_t)); gas += sizeof(uint32_t);
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32 >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+0]);
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+1]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            q3 += 8;
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.25f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2279,7 +1891,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
     __m256 accumf = (__m256)__lasx_xvldi(0);
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = (const uint16_t *)x[i].signs;
@@ -2337,48 +1949,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = x[i].signs;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
-            const uint32_t ls1 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint32_t ls2 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2451,7 +2025,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                    + (y[i].bsums[2*ib+2] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+3]) * (qh[ib+1] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1) * ls2;
         }
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
         accum = __lasx_xvfmadd_s(__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(d), __lasx_xvffint_s_w(sumi), accum);
         accum1 += d * sumi1;
     }
@@ -2459,36 +2033,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = hsum_float_8(accum) + IQ1S_DELTA * accum1;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-
-        int sumi = 0, sumi1 = 0;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
-            const int ls = 2*((qh[ib] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
-            const int delta = qh[ib] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1;
-            int lsum = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((qh[ib] >> 3*l) & 7) << 8)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    lsum += q8[j] * grid[j];
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            sumi  += ls * lsum;
-            sumi1 += ls * delta * (y[i].bsums[2*ib+0] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+1]);
-            qs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2530,9 +2078,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
         const __m256i p16_2 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_2, q8b_2);
         const __m256i p_1 = lasx_madd_h(p16_1, mone);
         const __m256i p_2 = lasx_madd_h(p16_2, mone);
-        accum1 = __lasx_xvfmadd_s(__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 0].d)),
+        accum1 = __lasx_xvfmadd_s(__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 0].d)),
                 __lasx_xvffint_s_w(p_1), accum1);
-        accum2 = __lasx_xvfmadd_s(__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d)),
+        accum2 = __lasx_xvfmadd_s(__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d)),
                 __lasx_xvffint_s_w(p_2), accum2);
     }
 
@@ -2540,7 +2088,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
 #endif
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
         int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
             sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j+       0] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
@@ -2595,44 +2143,17 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
             sumi1 = __lasx_xvadd_w(p_1, sumi1);
             sumi2 = __lasx_xvadd_w(p_2, sumi2);
         }
-        accum = __lasx_xvfmadd_s(__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d)*y[ibl].d),
+        accum = __lasx_xvfmadd_s(__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d)*y[ibl].d),
                 __lasx_xvffint_s_w(__lasx_xvadd_w(sumi1, sumi2)), accum);
     }
 
     *s = hsum_float_8(accum);
 
 #else
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
-        const float d4d8 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
-        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
-            const uint8_t ls1 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] & 0xf) | ((h << 4) & 0x30);
-            const uint8_t ls2 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] >>  4) | ((h << 2) & 0x30);
-            h >>= 4;
-            const float d1 = d4d8*(ls1 - 32);
-            const float d2 = d4d8*(ls2 - 32);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d1 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-            sumi1 = sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d2 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-        }
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/powerpc/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/powerpc/quants.c
index ce4e47a8639..d3dfd049eaf 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/powerpc/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/powerpc/quants.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include "../../quants.h"
 #include "../../ggml-cpu-impl.h"
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
         const vector float vid = vec_splats(id);
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
             const vector float v  = vec_round(vec_mul(srcv[j], vid));
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
         const vector float vid = vec_splats(id);
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         vector int accv = vec_splats(0);
 
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
         accv = vec_add(accv, vec_sld(accv, accv, 4));
         accv = vec_add(accv, vec_sld(accv, accv, 8));
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * vec_extract(accv, 0));
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d * vec_extract(accv, 0));
     }
 
 #else
@@ -170,8 +171,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
         __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
-        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
         vector signed char qxs = (vector signed char)vec_xl( 0, x[ib].qs);
@@ -200,24 +201,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) - 8;
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) - 8;
-
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -249,12 +240,12 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
         __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
-        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
-        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m));
-        vector float vys = {GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s), 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
+        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m));
+        vector float vys = {GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s), 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
         vsumf0 = vec_madd(vxmin, vys, vsumf0);
 
         vector signed char qxs = (vector signed char)vec_xl( 0, x[ib].qs);
@@ -277,24 +268,80 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+#if defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__)
+    const vector signed char lowMask = vec_splats((signed char)0xF);
+    const vector unsigned char vshift4 = vec_splats((unsigned char)4);
+    vector float vsumf0 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+
+    vector signed char kv = vec_xl(0, (const signed char *)kvalues_mxfp4);
+
+#pragma GCC unroll 8
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
+        __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
+        __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F);
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4);
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) *
+                                      GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib].e));
 
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
+        vector signed char q8y0 = vec_xl( 0, y[ib].qs);
+        vector signed char q8y1 = vec_xl(16, y[ib].qs);
+
+        vector signed char qxs = (vector signed char)vec_xl(0, x[ib].qs);
+
+        vector unsigned char lo_nibbles = (vector unsigned char)vec_and(qxs, lowMask);
+        vector unsigned char hi_nibbles = (vector unsigned char)vec_sr(qxs, vshift4);
+
+        vector signed char q4x0 = vec_perm(kv, kv, lo_nibbles);
+        vector signed char q4x1 = vec_perm(kv, kv, hi_nibbles);
 
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        vector signed short qv0 = vec_add(vec_mule(q4x0, q8y0), vec_mulo(q4x0, q8y0));
+        vector signed short qv1 = vec_add(vec_mule(q4x1, q8y1), vec_mulo(q4x1, q8y1));
+
+        vector signed int vsumi0 = vec_splats((int32_t)0);
+        vsumi0 = vec_sum4s(qv0, vsumi0);
+        vsumi0 = vec_sum4s(qv1, vsumi0);
+
+        vsumf0 = vec_madd(vec_ctf(vsumi0, 0), vyd, vsumf0);
     }
 
+    vsumf0 = vec_add(vsumf0, vec_sld(vsumf0, vsumf0, 4));
+    vsumf0 = vec_add(vsumf0, vec_sld(vsumf0, vsumf0, 8));
+    sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -326,8 +373,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
         __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
-        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
         vector signed long long aux64x2_0 = {(uint64_t)(table_b2b_1[x[ib].qh[0]]), (uint64_t)(table_b2b_1[x[ib].qh[1]])};
@@ -359,30 +406,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 0 ))) >> (j + 0 )) << 4;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 16))) >> (j + 12));
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0) - 16);
-            const int32_t x1 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1) - 16);
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -415,12 +446,12 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
         __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
-        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
-        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m));
-        vector float vys = {GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m));
+        vector float vys = {GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
         vsumf0 = vec_madd(vxmin, vys, vsumf0);
 
         vector unsigned long long aux64x2_0 = {(uint64_t)(table_b2b_0[x[ib].qh[0]]), (uint64_t)(table_b2b_0[x[ib].qh[1]])};
@@ -450,30 +481,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0xF) | xh_0;
-            const int32_t x1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>  4) | xh_1;
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -502,8 +518,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
         __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
-        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
         vector signed char q8x0 = vec_xl( 0, x[ib].qs);
@@ -534,18 +550,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
-            sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
-        }
-
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -574,11 +587,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     vector float vsumf3 = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
-        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin));
+        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin));
         vector float vdmin = vec_mul(vxmin, vyd);
 
         vector signed short q8ysums0 = vec_xl( 0, y[i].bsums);
@@ -694,45 +707,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-
-        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-
-        int summs = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
-        }
-
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
-
-        int isum = 0;
-        int is = 0;
-        int d;
-        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K/128; ++k) {
-            int shift = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                int isuml = 0;
-                for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                isuml = 0;
-                for (int l = 16; l < 32; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                shift += 2;
-                q8 += 32;
-            }
-            q2 += 32;
-        }
-        sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -770,7 +748,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     vector float vsumf3 = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -906,70 +884,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-    // scalar version
-    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
-    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
-    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
-    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
-    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
-    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    uint32_t auxs[4];
-    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].hmask;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q3 += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-
-        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
-        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
-        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -1005,11 +926,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     vector float vsumf3 = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
-        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin));
+        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin));
         vector float vdmin = vec_mul(vxmin, vyd);
 
         vector signed short q8ysums0 = vec_xl( 0, y[i].bsums);
@@ -1129,61 +1050,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            a += 32;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            a += 32; q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1222,11 +1096,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     vector float vsumf3 = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
-        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin));
+        vector float vxmin = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin));
         vector float vdmin = vec_mul(vxmin, vyd);
 
         UNUSED(kmask1);
@@ -1341,66 +1215,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1432,7 +1254,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     vector float vsumf3 = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -1555,47 +1377,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
-                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-            }
-            a  += 128;
-            q4 += 64;
-            qh += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1659,7 +1444,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -1736,34 +1521,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.125f * vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32[2];
-    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(aux32, q2, 2*sizeof(uint32_t));
-            q2 += 4;
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32[1] >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[l]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32[1] >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1790,7 +1551,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
     const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -1868,42 +1629,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
     *s = 0.125f * vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT sc = x[i].scales;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            const uint16_t ls1 = 2*(sc[ib32] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint16_t ls2 = 2*(sc[ib32] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-            q2 += 4;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1939,7 +1668,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     const vector signed char mask2 = (vector signed char)vec_xl( 0, k_mask2);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -2029,47 +1758,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = 0.125f * vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * signs = qs + QK_K/8;
-
-        int bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            int ls1 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] & 0xf);
-            int ls2 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] >>  4);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi1 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi2 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += ls1 * sumi1 + ls2 * sumi2;
-            qs += 4;
-            signs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -2096,7 +1789,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     vector float vsumf3 = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -2171,36 +1864,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.25f * vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(&aux32, gas, sizeof(uint32_t)); gas += sizeof(uint32_t);
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32 >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+0]);
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+1]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            q3 += 8;
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.25f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2236,7 +1903,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     const vector signed char mask2 = (vector signed char)vec_xl( 0, k_mask2);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -2326,48 +1993,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = x[i].signs;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
-            const uint32_t ls1 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint32_t ls2 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2394,7 +2023,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     vector float vsumf3 = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[i].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -2480,36 +2109,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-
-        int sumi = 0, sumi1 = 0;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
-            const int ls = 2*((qh[ib] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
-            const int delta = qh[ib] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1;
-            int lsum = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((qh[ib] >> 3*l) & 7) << 8)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    lsum += q8[j] * grid[j];
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            sumi  += ls * lsum;
-            sumi1 += ls * delta * (y[i].bsums[2*ib+0] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+1]);
-            qs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2546,8 +2149,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
         __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
 
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
-        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
         vector signed char qxs = (vector signed char)vec_xl( 0, x[ib].qs);
@@ -2580,17 +2183,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
     sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
-        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
-            sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j+       0] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
-            sumi2 += y[ib].qs[j+QK4_NL/2] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] >>  4];
-        }
-        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-    }
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -2620,7 +2221,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
     for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
 
-        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d));
+        vector float vxd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d));
         vector float vyd = vec_splats(y[ibl].d);
         vector float vd = vec_mul(vxd, vyd);
 
@@ -2695,37 +2296,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
     *s = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
 
 #else
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
-        const float d4d8 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
-        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
-            const uint8_t ls1 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] & 0xf) | ((h << 4) & 0x30);
-            const uint8_t ls2 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] >>  4) | ((h << 2) & 0x30);
-            h >>= 4;
-            const float d1 = d4d8*(ls1 - 32);
-            const float d2 = d4d8*(ls2 - 32);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d1 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-            sumi1 = sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d2 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-        }
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/cpu-feats.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/cpu-feats.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43c757bd014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/cpu-feats.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#if defined(__riscv) && __riscv_xlen == 64
+#include <asm/hwprobe.h>
+#include <asm/unistd.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+struct riscv64_features {
+    bool has_rvv = false;
+
+    riscv64_features() {
+        struct riscv_hwprobe probe;
+        probe.key = RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0;
+        probe.value = 0;
+
+        int ret = syscall(__NR_riscv_hwprobe, &probe, 1, 0, NULL, 0);
+
+        if (0 == ret) {
+            has_rvv = !!(probe.value & RISCV_HWPROBE_IMA_V);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+static int ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_score() {
+    int score = 1;
+    riscv64_features rf;
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_RVV
+    if (!rf.has_rvv) { return 0; }
+    score += 1 << 1;
+#endif
+
+    return score;
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_SCORE_IMPL(ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_score)
+
+#endif  // __riscv && __riscv_xlen == 64
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c
index 6f3aa94fbbe..826055dd9a4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include "../../quants.h"
 #include "../../ggml-cpu-impl.h"
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         vfloat32m8_t x0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(v_x, id, vl);
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d  = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         vfloat32m8_t x0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(v_x, id, vl);
 
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
         // set y[i].s
         int sum = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vwrs);
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(sum*d);
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(sum*d);
     }
 
 #else
@@ -112,9 +113,108 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 #endif
 }
 
+void quantize_row_q8_K(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
+    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
+    block_q8_K * y_blocks = (block_q8_K *)y;
+    size_t nb = k / QK_K;
+
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    const size_t vlmax_f32m8 = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        const float* x_block = x + i * QK_K;
+        block_q8_K* y_block = &y_blocks[i];
+
+        // 1. Calculate Min/Max
+        vfloat32m8_t max_v = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8(-__builtin_inff(), vlmax_f32m8);
+        vfloat32m8_t min_v = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8(__builtin_inff(), vlmax_f32m8);
+
+        size_t rem = QK_K;
+        size_t offset = 0;
+        while (rem > 0) {
+            size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(rem);
+            vfloat32m8_t v_curr = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(x_block + offset, vl);
+            max_v = __riscv_vfmax_vv_f32m8(max_v, v_curr, vl);
+            min_v = __riscv_vfmin_vv_f32m8(min_v, v_curr, vl);
+            rem -= vl;
+            offset += vl;
+        }
+
+        vfloat32m1_t v_init_max = __riscv_vfmv_s_f_f32m1(-__builtin_inff(), 1);
+        vfloat32m1_t v_init_min = __riscv_vfmv_s_f_f32m1(__builtin_inff(), 1);
+
+        vfloat32m1_t v_scalar_max = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m8_f32m1(max_v, v_init_max, vlmax_f32m8);
+        vfloat32m1_t v_scalar_min = __riscv_vfredmin_vs_f32m8_f32m1(min_v, v_init_min, vlmax_f32m8);
+
+        float max_val = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(v_scalar_max);
+        float min_val = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(v_scalar_min);
+
+        float amax = fabsf(max_val) > fabsf(min_val) ? fabsf(max_val) : fabsf(min_val);
+
+        if (amax == 0.0f) {
+            y_block->d = 0.0f;
+            memset(y_block->qs, 0, QK_K);
+            memset(y_block->bsums, 0, sizeof(y_block->bsums));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const float iscale = -127.f / (fabsf(max_val) > fabsf(min_val) ? max_val : min_val);
+        y_block->d = 1.0f / iscale;
+
+        // 2. Quantize and Calculate Sums
+        offset = 0;
+        rem = QK_K;
+        vint16m1_t v_zero_sum = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0, 1);
+
+        while (rem > 0) {
+            size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(rem);
+            vfloat32m8_t v_f = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(x_block + offset, vl);
+
+            v_f = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(v_f, iscale, vl);
+
+            vint32m8_t v_i32 = __riscv_vfcvt_x_f_v_i32m8_rm(v_f, __RISCV_FRM_RNE, vl);
+            vint16m4_t v_i16 = __riscv_vnclip_wx_i16m4(v_i32, 0, __RISCV_VXRM_RNE, vl);
+            vint8m2_t v_q = __riscv_vnclip_wx_i8m2(v_i16, 0, __RISCV_VXRM_RNE, vl);
+
+            __riscv_vse8_v_i8m2(y_block->qs + offset, v_q, vl);
+
+            // first iteration clear
+
+            int sum_idx;
+            vint8m1_t chunk_m1;
+            vint16m1_t v_sum;
+            sum_idx = offset / 16;
+            chunk_m1 = __riscv_vget_v_i8m2_i8m1(v_q, 0);
+            v_sum = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i8m1_i16m1(chunk_m1, v_zero_sum, 16);
+            y_block->bsums[sum_idx] = (int16_t)__riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(v_sum);
+
+            // remaining iterations
+            vint8m2_t slid_q = v_q;
+            for (size_t k = 16; k < vl; k += 16) {
+                slid_q = __riscv_vslidedown_vx_i8m2(slid_q, 16, vl);
+
+                sum_idx = (offset + k) / 16;
+                chunk_m1 = __riscv_vget_v_i8m2_i8m1(slid_q, 0);
+
+                v_sum = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i8m1_i16m1(chunk_m1, v_zero_sum, 16);
+                y_block->bsums[sum_idx] =(int16_t)__riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(v_sum);
+            }
+
+            rem -= vl;
+            offset += vl;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(nb);
+    // scalar
+    quantize_row_q8_K_ref(x, y, k);
+#endif
+}
+
 //===================================== Dot products =================================
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
 
@@ -131,7 +231,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     int ib = 0;
     float sumf = 0;
 
-#if defined(__riscv_v)
     size_t vl = qk / 2;
 
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
@@ -160,30 +259,17 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs2);
 
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
-    }
-
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) - 8;
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) - 8;
-
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        sumf += sumi*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
     const int qk = QK8_1;
     const int nb = n / qk;
 
@@ -200,7 +286,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     int ib = 0;
     float sumf = 0;
 
-#if defined(__riscv_v)
     size_t vl = qk / 2;
 
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
@@ -225,30 +310,17 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs2);
 
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
-    }
-
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F);
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4);
-
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
 
@@ -266,7 +338,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
     const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
 
-#if defined(__riscv_v)
     size_t vl;
     size_t vlenb = __riscv_vlenb();
 
@@ -293,36 +364,17 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         vint32m1_t sum = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(mul, zero, vl);
         int32_t sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sum);
 
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
-    }
-
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 0 ))) >> (j + 0 )) << 4;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 16))) >> (j + 12));
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0) - 16);
-            const int32_t x1 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1) - 16);
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
     const int qk = QK8_1;
     const int nb = n / qk;
 
@@ -340,7 +392,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
     const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
 
-#if defined(__riscv_v)
     size_t vl;
     size_t vlenb = __riscv_vlenb();
 
@@ -366,33 +417,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         vint32m1_t sum = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(mul, zero, vl);
         int32_t sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sum);
 
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
-    }
-
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0xF) | xh_0;
-            const int32_t x1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>  4) | xh_1;
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -427,21 +458,20 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(v_sum);
 
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        sumf += sumi*(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
     }
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
-            sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
-        }
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
 
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
-    }
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
 
-    *s = sumf;
+    ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -465,8 +495,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
         const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
         uint8_t *patmp = atmp;
         int vsums;
         int tmp;
@@ -569,8 +599,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const int8_t *  q8 = y[i].qs;
             const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
 
-            const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-            const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+            const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+            const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
             size_t vl = 16;
 
@@ -644,20 +674,23 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
             const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
             const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-            const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-            const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+            const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+            const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
             uint8_t *patmp = atmp;
             int vsums;
-            int tmp;
+            int tmp, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7;
             __asm__ __volatile__(
                 "vsetivli zero, 16, e8, m1\n\t"
                 "vmv.v.x v8, zero\n\t"
+                "lb zero, 15(%[sc])\n\t"
                 "vle8.v v1, (%[sc])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v2, (%[bsums])\n\t"
+                "addi %[tmp], %[bsums], 16\n\t"
                 "vand.vi v0, v1, 0xF\n\t"
                 "vsrl.vi v1, v1, 4\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v3, (%[tmp])\n\t"
                 "vse8.v v0, (%[scale])\n\t"
                 "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2\n\t"
-                "vle16.v v2, (%[bsums])\n\t"
                 "vzext.vf2 v0, v1\n\t"
                 "vwmul.vv v4, v0, v2\n\t"
                 "vsetivli zero, 16, e32, m4\n\t"
@@ -676,46 +709,89 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
             for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
                 __asm__ __volatile__(
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 31(%[q2])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[q2], 16\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[q8], 16\n\t"
+                    "vsetivli zero, 16, e8, m1\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v0, (%[q2])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v1, (%[tmp])\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v2, v0, 2\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v3, v1, 2\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[q8], 32\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v9, (%[t1])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[t1], 32\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v5, v1, 4\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v6, v0, 6\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v7, v1, 6\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v10, (%[tmp])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v11, (%[t1])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[tmp], 32\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[t1], 32\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v0, v0, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v1, v1, 0x3\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v2, v2, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v12, (%[tmp])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v13, (%[t1])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[tmp], 32\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[t1], 32\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v3, v3, 0x3\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v4, v4, 0x3\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q8])\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v5, v5, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v14, (%[tmp])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v15, (%[t1])\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v18, v1, v9\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v20, v2, v10\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v22, v3, v11\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v24, v4, v12\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v26, v5, v13\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v28, v6, v14\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v30, v7, v15\n\t"
+                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e16, m1\n\t"
                     "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v16, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[tmp], 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v16, v0\n\t"
                     "vwredsum.vs v9, v18, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v20, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v7, v22, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v24, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v26, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v28, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v30, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t1], 1(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v20, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v22, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t2], 2(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v24, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v26, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t3], 3(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v28, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v15, v30, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t4], 4(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v17, v8\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v9, v19, v9\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t5], 5(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v21, v10\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v23, v11\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t6], 6(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v25, v12\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v27, v13\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t7], 7(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v29, v14\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v15, v31, v15\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v9, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v8, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v12, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v13, v14, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v13, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v15, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vzext.vf4 v12, v15\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v10, v10, v12\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v10, v0\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v0, v8, %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v1, v9, %[t1]\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t2], v10\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t3], v11\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t4], v12\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t5], v13\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t6], v14\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t7], v15\n\t"
                     "vmv.x.s %[tmp], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]"
-                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [isum] "+&r" (isum)
+                    "vmv.x.s %[t1], v1\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[t1]"
+                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [t1] "=&r" (t1), [t2] "=&r" (t2), [t3] "=&r" (t3)
+                    , [t4] "=&r" (t4), [t5] "=&r" (t5), [t6] "=&r" (t6), [t7] "=&r" (t7)
+                    , [isum] "+&r" (isum)
                     : [q2] "r" (q2), [scale] "r" (patmp), [q8] "r" (q8)
-                    , [vl32] "r" (32), [vl64] "r" (64), [vl128] "r" (128)
                     : "memory"
                     , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
                     , "v8", "v9", "v10", "v11", "v12", "v13", "v14", "v15"
@@ -737,44 +813,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
 #else
 
-    float sumf = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-
-        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-
-        int summs = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
-        }
-
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
 
-        int isum = 0;
-        int is = 0;
-        int d;
-        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K/128; ++k) {
-            int shift = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                int isuml = 0;
-                for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                isuml = 0;
-                for (int l = 16; l < 32; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                shift += 2;
-                q8 += 32;
-            }
-            q2 += 32;
-        }
-        sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -916,7 +959,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             q3 += 32;    q8 += 128;   scale += 8;
         }
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         sumf += d * isum;
     }
 
@@ -1017,7 +1060,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
             }
 
-            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+            const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
             sumf += d*sum_t;
 
@@ -1030,7 +1073,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
 
             int8_t * scale = (int8_t *)utmp;
-            int tmp;
+            int tmp, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7;
             __asm__ __volatile__(
                 "vsetivli zero, 12, e8, m1\n\t"
                 "vle8.v v0, (%[s6b])\n\t"
@@ -1068,19 +1111,23 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             int isum = 0;
             for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
                 __asm__ __volatile__(
+                    "lb zero, 31(%[q3])\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2, ta, mu\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v8, (%[q3])\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v12, v8, 4\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v14, v8, 6\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 64(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v8, v8, 3\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v10, v10, 3\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v12, v12, 3\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v2, (%[qh])\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 127(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vand.vx v4, v2, %[m]\n\t"
                     "slli %[m], %[m], 1\n\t"
                     "vmseq.vx v0, v4, zero\n\t"
                     "vadd.vi v8, v8, -4, v0.t\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vand.vx v4, v2, %[m]\n\t"
                     "slli %[m], %[m], 1\n\t"
                     "vmseq.vx v0, v4, zero\n\t"
@@ -1095,34 +1142,43 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                     "vadd.vi v14, v14, -4, v0.t\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v0, (%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[tmp], 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t1], 1(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t2], 2(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t3], 3(%[scale])\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v24, v4, v12\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2\n\t"
                     "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v16, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v16, v0\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t4], 4(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t5], 5(%[scale])\n\t"
                     "vwredsum.vs v9, v18, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v20, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v7, v22, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v24, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v26, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v28, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v30, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v20, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v22, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v24, v0\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t6], 6(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t7], 7(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v26, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v28, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v15, v30, v0\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v9, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v8, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v12, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v13, v14, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v13, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v15, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vsext.vf4 v12, v15\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v10, v10, v12\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v10, v0\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v0, v8, %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v1, v9, %[t1]\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t2], v10\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t3], v11\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t4], v12\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t5], v13\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t6], v14\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t7], v15\n\t"
                     "vmv.x.s %[tmp], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]"
-                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [m] "+&r" (m), [isum] "+&r" (isum)
+                    "vmv.x.s %[t1], v1\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[t1]"
+                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [t1] "=&r" (t1), [t2] "=&r" (t2), [t3] "=&r" (t3)
+                    , [t4] "=&r" (t4), [t5] "=&r" (t5), [t6] "=&r" (t6), [t7] "=&r" (t7)
+                    , [m] "+&r" (m), [isum] "+&r" (isum)
                     : [vl128] "r" (128), [vl64] "r" (64), [vl32] "r" (32)
                     , [q3] "r" (q3), [qh] "r" (qh), [scale] "r" (scale), [q8] "r" (q8)
                     : "memory"
@@ -1134,7 +1190,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                 q3 += 32;    q8 += 128;   scale += 8;
             }
 
-            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+            const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
             sumf += d * isum;
         }
         break;
@@ -1146,68 +1202,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-    // scalar version
-    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
-    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
-    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
-    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
-    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
-    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    uint32_t auxs[4];
-    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;
 
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].hmask;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q3 += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-
-        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
-        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
-        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
 
+    ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 
 }
@@ -1239,8 +1241,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         int tmp, tmp2, sumi;
         __asm__ __volatile__(
@@ -1361,8 +1363,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
             size_t vl = 8;
 
-            const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-            const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+            const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+            const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
             vint16mf2_t q8sums_0 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16mf2(y[i].bsums, 4, vl);
             vint16mf2_t q8sums_1 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16mf2(y[i].bsums+1, 4, vl);
@@ -1422,32 +1424,43 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         break;
     case 128:
         for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-            const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-            const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+            const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+            const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+
+            float ftmp, ft2;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q40;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q41;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q42;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q43;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q80;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q81;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q82;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q83;
+            int s0, s1, s2, s3;
 
-            int tmp, tmp2, sumi;
             __asm__ __volatile__(
-                "vsetivli zero, 12, e8, m1\n\t"
-                "vle8.v v1, (%[s6b])\n\t" // {aux[0], aux[1], aux[2]}
-                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
+                "li %[s1], 8\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vle32.v v1, (%[s6b])\n\t"
+                "vslide1down.vx v1, v1, zero\n\t"
+                "vmv.v.x v16, zero\n\t"
                 "vslidedown.vi v2, v1, 2\n\t"
                 "vmv1r.v v3, v2\n\t"
                 "vslideup.vi v2, v3, 1\n\t" // {aux[2], aux[2]}
-                "vsetivli zero, 2, e32, m1\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 2, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
                 "vmv.v.i v4, 4\n\t"
                 "vand.vx v8, v1, %[kmask1]\n\t"
                 "vslide1up.vx v5, v4, zero\n\t" // {0, 4}
                 "vsrl.vi v6, v1, 6\n\t"
                 "vsrl.vv v7, v2, v5\n\t"
+                "vsse32.v v8, (%[utmp]), %[s1]\n\t"
                 "vand.vx v0, v6, %[kmask3]\n\t"
                 "vand.vx v2, v7, %[kmask2]\n\t"
                 "vsll.vi v6, v0, 4\n\t"
-                "li %[t2], 8\n\t"
-                "addi %[t1], %[utmp], 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[s0], %[utmp], 4\n\t"
                 "vor.vv v1, v6, v2\n\t"
-                "vsse32.v v8, (%[utmp]), %[t2]\n\t"
-                "vsse32.v v1, (%[t1]), %[t2]\n\t"
-                "vsetivli zero, 8, e16, m1\n\t"
+                "vsse32.v v1, (%[s0]), %[s1]\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 8, e16, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
                 "vle32.v v2, (%[bsums])\n\t"
                 "vnsrl.wi v0, v2, 0\n\t"
                 "vnsrl.wi v1, v2, 16\n\t"
@@ -1455,13 +1468,131 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                 "vle8.v v3, (%[mins])\n\t"
                 "vzext.vf2 v4, v3\n\t"
                 "vwmul.vv v6, v4, v2\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vredsum.vs v0, v6, v16\n\t"
+                "vredsum.vs v0, v7, v0\n\t"
+                "vfcvt.f.x.v v0, v0\n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s %[ftmp], v0\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 16, e8, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v0, (%[xs])\n\t"
+                "fnmsub.s %[sumf], %[dmin], %[ftmp], %[sumf]\n\t"
+                "addi %[q40], %[xs], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q41], %[xs], 16\n\t"
+                "addi %[q42], %[xs], 32\n\t"
+                "addi %[q43], %[xs], 48\n\t"
+                "addi %[q80], %[ys], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v1, (%[q41])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v2, (%[q42])\n\t"
+                "addi %[q81], %[ys], 16\n\t"
+                "addi %[q41], %[q41], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q82], %[ys], 32\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v3, (%[q43])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v8, (%[ys])\n\t"
+                "addi %[q42], %[q42], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q83], %[ys], 48\n\t"
+                "addi %[q43], %[q43], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v9, (%[q81])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v10, (%[q82])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v0, v0, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q81], %[q81], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v5, v1, 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[q82], %[q82], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v11, (%[q83])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v12, (%[q80])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v1, v1, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q83], %[q83], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v6, v2, 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[q80], %[q80], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v13, (%[q81])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v14, (%[q82])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v2, v2, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q81], %[q81], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v7, v3, 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[q82], %[q82], 64\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v15, (%[q83])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v0, (%[q40])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v3, v3, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q83], %[q83], 64\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v24, v2, v12\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v20, v4, v10\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v28, v6, v14\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v16, v1, v9\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v1, (%[q41])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v2, (%[q42])\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v24, v3, v13\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v20, v5, v11\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v28, v7, v15\n\t"
+                "addi %[q40], %[q80], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q41], %[q81], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v3, (%[q43])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v8, (%[q80])\n\t"
+                "addi %[q42], %[q82], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q43], %[q83], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v9, (%[q81])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v10, (%[q82])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v0, v0, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v5, v1, 4\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v7, v3, 4\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v3, v3, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v11, (%[q83])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v12, (%[q40])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v1, v1, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v6, v2, 4\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v2, v2, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v18, v0, v8\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v13, (%[q41])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v14, (%[q42])\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v26, v2, v12\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v22, v4, v10\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v30, v6, v14\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v18, v1, v9\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v15, (%[q43])\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v26, v3, v13\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v22, v5, v11\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v30, v7, v15\n\t"
                 "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                "vredsum.vs v0, v6, v0\n\t"
-                "vmv.x.s %[sumi], v0"
-                : [t1] "=&r" (tmp), [t2] "=&r" (tmp2), [sumi] "=&r" (sumi)
-                : [bsums] "r" (y[i].bsums), [mins] "r" (mins), [utmp] "r" (utmp)
-                , [s6b] "r" (x[i].scales), [kmask1] "r" (kmask1)
+                "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v4, v16, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s0], 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v5, v20, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s1], 1(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v6, v24, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s2], 2(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v7, v28, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s3], 3(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v8, v18, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q40], 4(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v9, v22, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q41], 5(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v10, v26, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q42], 6(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v11, v30, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q43], 7(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vmul.vx v0, v4, %[s0]\n\t"
+                "vmul.vx v1, v8, %[q40]\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v0, %[s1], v5\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v1, %[q41], v9\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v0, %[s2], v6\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v1, %[q42], v10\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v0, %[s3], v7\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v1, %[q43], v11\n\t"
+                "vfcvt.f.x.v v0, v0\n\t"
+                "vfcvt.f.x.v v1, v1\n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s %[ft2], v0\n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s %[ftmp], v1\n\t"
+                "fadd.s %[ft2], %[ft2], %[ftmp]\n\t"
+                "fmadd.s %[sumf], %[d], %[ft2], %[sumf]"
+                : [ftmp] "=&f" (ftmp), [sumf] "+&f" (sumf), [ft2] "=&f" (ft2)
+                , [s0] "=&r" (s0), [s1] "=&r" (s1), [s2] "=&r" (s2), [s3] "=&r" (s3)
+                , [q40] "=&r" (q40), [q41] "=&r" (q41), [q42] "=&r" (q42), [q43] "=&r" (q43)
+                , [q80] "=&r" (q80), [q81] "=&r" (q81), [q82] "=&r" (q82), [q83] "=&r" (q83)
+                : [d] "f" (d), [ys] "r" (y[i].qs), [xs] "r" (x[i].qs), [scale] "r" (scales)
+                , [bsums] "r" (y[i].bsums), [mins] "r" (mins), [utmp] "r" (utmp)
+                , [s6b] "r" (&x[i]), [kmask1] "r" (kmask1), [dmin] "f" (dmin)
                 , [kmask2] "r" (kmask2), [kmask3] "r" (kmask3)
                 : "memory"
                 , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
@@ -1469,59 +1600,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                 , "v16", "v17", "v18", "v19", "v20", "v21", "v22", "v23"
                 , "v24", "v25", "v26", "v27", "v28", "v29", "v30", "v31"
             );
-            sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-
-            const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
-            const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
-
-            sumi = 0;
-            const uint8_t * scale = scales;
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
-                int vl128 = 128, vl64 = 64, vl32 = 32;
-                __asm__ __volatile__(
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q8])\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v0, (%[q4])\n\t"
-                    "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
-                    "vand.vi v0, v0, 0xF\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v28, v6, v14\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v20, v4, v10\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v24, v2, v12\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v2, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                    "vzext.vf4 v1, v2\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e16, m4\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v6, v24, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v7, v28, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v4, v16, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v5, v20, v0\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v6, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v4, v5, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v4, v6, 2\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v8, v4, v1\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v8, v0\n\t"
-                    "vmv.x.s %[tmp], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[sumi], %[sumi], %[tmp]"
-                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [sumi] "+&r" (sumi)
-                    : [vl128] "r" (vl128), [vl64] "r" (vl64), [vl32] "r" (vl32)
-                    , [q4] "r" (q4), [q8] "r" (q8), [scale] "r" (scale)
-                    : "memory"
-                    , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
-                    , "v8", "v9", "v10", "v11", "v12", "v13", "v14", "v15"
-                    , "v16", "v17", "v18", "v19", "v20", "v21", "v22", "v23"
-                    , "v24", "v25", "v26", "v27", "v28", "v29", "v30", "v31"
-                );
-
-                q4 += 64;    q8 += 128;    scale += 4;
-            }
-
-            sumf += d * sumi;
         }
         break;
     default:
@@ -1533,60 +1611,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
 #else
 
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            a += 32;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            a += 32; q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
 
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1627,8 +1660,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
         const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float dmin = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
 
         vint16m1_t q8sums_0 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16m1(y[i].bsums, 4, vl);
         vint16m1_t q8sums_1 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16m1(y[i].bsums+1, 4, vl);
@@ -1697,65 +1730,15 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
 #else
 
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
 
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1778,7 +1761,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
         const uint8_t * restrict q6 = x[i].ql;
         const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -1862,7 +1845,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     case 256:
         for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+            const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
             const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q6 = x[i].ql;
             const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -1943,7 +1926,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     case 128:
         for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+            __builtin_prefetch(&x[i + 1].d, 0, 1);
+
+            const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
             const uint8_t * restrict q6 = x[i].ql;
             const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -1951,23 +1936,59 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
             const int8_t * restrict scale = x[i].scales;
 
-            int sum_t = 0;
-            int t0;
+            int q6h;
+            float ftmp;
 
             for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
                 __asm__ __volatile__(
+                    "addi %[q6h], %[q6], 32\n\t"
+                    "ld t0, 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[scale], %[scale], 8\n\t"
+                    "slli t6, t0, 1 * 8\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q6])\n\t"
+                    "slli t5, t0, 2 * 8\n\t"
+                    "slli t4, t0, 3 * 8\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q6h])\n\t"
+                    "slli t3, t0, 4 * 8\n\t"
+                    "slli t2, t0, 5 * 8\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[qh])\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 31(%[q6h])\n\t"
+                    "slli t1, t0, 6 * 8\n\t"
+                    "srai a7, t0, 56\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q6])\n\t"
+                    "srai t6, t6, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t5, t5, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t4, t4, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t3, t3, 56\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v10, (%[q6h])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[q6], %[q6], 64\n\t"
+                    "slli t0, t0, 7 * 8\n\t"
+                    "srai t2, t2, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t1, t1, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t0, t0, 56\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v4, (%[qh])\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v12, v8, 4\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v14, v10, 4\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v8, v8, 0xF\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v10, v10, 0xF\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 32(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vsll.vi v0, v4, 4\n\t"
                     "vsll.vi v2, v4, 2\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 64(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v6, v4, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q6])\n\t"
-                    "vsrl.vi v12, v8, 4\n\t"
-                    "vand.vi v8, v8, 0xF\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
                     "vand.vx v0, v0, %[mask]\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 96(%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "vand.vx v2, v2, %[mask]\n\t"
+                    "vand.vx v4, v4, %[mask]\n\t"
+                    "vand.vx v6, v6, %[mask]\n\t"
                     "vor.vv v8, v8, v0\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 127(%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "vor.vv v10, v10, v2\n\t"
+                    "vor.vv v12, v12, v4\n\t"
+                    "vor.vv v14, v14, v6\n\t"
+                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v0, (%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vsub.vx v8, v8, %[vl32]\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
@@ -1984,34 +2005,34 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                     "vwredsum.vs v13, v28, v0\n\t"
                     "vwredsum.vs v14, v30, v0\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v9, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v8, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v12, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v13, v14, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v13, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v2, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vsext.vf4 v4, v2\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v2, v4, v10\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v2, v0\n\t"
-                    "vmv.x.s %[t0], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[sumi], %[sumi], %[t0]"
-                    : [sumi] "+&r" (sum_t), [t0] "=&r" (t0)
-                    : [qh] "r" (qh), [q6] "r" (q6), [q8] "r" (q8), [scale] "r" (scale)
+                    "vmul.vx v0, v10, t0\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v1, v9, t1\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, t2, v8\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, t3, v7\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, t4, v11\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, t5, v12\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, t6, v13\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, a7, v14\n\t"
+                    "vadd.vv v0, v0, v1\n\t"
+                    "vfcvt.f.x.v v0, v0\n\t"
+                    "vfmv.f.s %[ftmp], v0\n\t"
+                    "fmadd.s %[sumf], %[d], %[ftmp], %[sumf]"
+                    : [q6] "+&r" (q6), [q6h] "=&r" (q6h)
+                    , [scale] "+&r" (scale)
+                    , [sumf] "+&f" (sumf), [ftmp] "=&f" (ftmp)
+                    : [qh] "r" (qh), [q8] "r" (q8)
                     , [vl32] "r" (32), [vl64] "r" (64), [vl128] "r" (128)
-                    , [mask] "r" (0x30)
+                    , [mask] "r" (0x30), [d] "f" (d)
                     : "memory"
                     , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
                     , "v8", "v9", "v10", "v11", "v12", "v13", "v14", "v15"
                     , "v16", "v17", "v18", "v19", "v20", "v21", "v22", "v23"
                     , "v24", "v25", "v26", "v27", "v28", "v29", "v30", "v31"
+                    , "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "t4", "t5", "t6", "a7"
+                    , "a6", "a5", "a4", "a3"
                 );
-                q6 += 64;   qh += 32;   q8 += 128;   scale += 8;
+                qh += 32;   q8 += 128;
             }
-
-            sumf += d * sum_t;
-
         }
         break;
     default:
@@ -2023,46 +2044,1566 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
 #else
 
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+
+    ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq1_s * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
 
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
-                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-            }
-            a  += 128;
-            q4 += 64;
-            qh += 32;
+        // Load qh once for the entire superblock.
+        vuint16mf2_t qh = __riscv_vle16_v_u16mf2(x[i].qh, 8);
+
+        // Calculate ls.
+        vuint16mf2_t temp = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16mf2(qh, 12, 8);
+        temp = __riscv_vand_vx_u16mf2(temp, 7, 8);
+        vint32m1_t ls = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m1_i32m1(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u32m1(temp, 2, 8));
+        ls = __riscv_vadd_vx_i32m1(ls, 1, 8);
+
+        // Calculate delta.
+        vbool32_t mask = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u16mf2_b32(__riscv_vand_vx_u16mf2(qh, 0x8000, 8), 0, 8);
+        vint32m1_t delta_neg = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(-1, 8);
+        vint32m1_t delta_pos = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(1, 8);
+        vint32m1_t delta = __riscv_vmerge_vvm_i32m1(delta_neg, delta_pos, mask, 8);
+
+        // Load qs.
+        vuint8m1_t qs = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(x[i].qs, 32);
+
+        // Prepare the indices.
+        const uint64_t shift = 0x0009000600030000;
+        vuint16m2_t qh_shift = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u16m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u64m2(shift, 8));
+        vuint16m2_t qh_gather_index = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i16m2_u16m2(
+            __riscv_vdiv_vx_i16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vid_v_u16m2(32)), 4, 32));
+        vuint16m2_t qh_ext = __riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u16m1_u16m2(__riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u16mf2_u16m1(qh));
+        vuint16m2_t qh_index = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u16m2(qh_ext, qh_gather_index, 32);
+        qh_index = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u16m2(qh_index, qh_shift, 32);
+        qh_index = __riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(qh_index, 7, 32);
+        qh_index = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m2(qh_index, 8, 32);
+        qh_index = __riscv_vor_vv_u16m2(qh_index, __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m2(qs, 32), 32);
+        vuint16m2_t index = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m2(qh_index, 3, 32);
+
+        // Final lsums.
+        int32_t lsums_s[8];
+        vint32m1_t one_scalar = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+
+        // Sub-blocks 1-4
+        {
+            vuint16m1_t grid_index0 = __riscv_vget_v_u16m2_u16m1(index, 0);
+            vint8m4_t grid0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i64m4_i8m4(__riscv_vluxei16_v_i64m4((const int64_t*)iq1s_grid, grid_index0, 16));
+            vint8m4_t q80 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m4(y[i].qs, 128);
+            vint16m8_t lsum0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m8(grid0, q80, 128);
+            lsums_s[0] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum0, 0), one_scalar, 32));
+            lsums_s[1] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum0, 1), one_scalar, 32));
+            lsums_s[2] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum0, 2), one_scalar, 32));
+            lsums_s[3] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum0, 3), one_scalar, 32));
         }
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
+        __asm__ __volatile__("" ::: "memory");
+        // Sub-blocks 5-8
+        {
+            vuint16m1_t grid_index1 = __riscv_vget_v_u16m2_u16m1(index, 1);
+            vint8m4_t grid1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i64m4_i8m4(__riscv_vluxei16_v_i64m4((const int64_t*)iq1s_grid, grid_index1, 16));
+            vint8m4_t q81 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m4(&y[i].qs[128], 128);
+            vint16m8_t lsum1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m8(grid1, q81, 128);
+            lsums_s[4] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum1, 0), one_scalar, 32));
+            lsums_s[5] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum1, 1), one_scalar, 32));
+            lsums_s[6] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum1, 2), one_scalar, 32));
+            lsums_s[7] = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(lsum1, 3), one_scalar, 32));
         }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
+        __asm__ __volatile__("" ::: "memory");
+        vint32m1_t lsums = __riscv_vle32_v_i32m1(&lsums_s[0], 8);
+
+        // Calculate the bsums.
+        vint16m1_t bsums_0 = __riscv_vle16_v_i16m1(y[i].bsums, 16);
+        const vuint32m1_t bsums_i32 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_u32m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_i16m1_u16m1(bsums_0));
+        const vint16mf2_t bsums_i32_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16mf2_i16mf2(__riscv_vnsrl_wx_u16mf2(bsums_i32, 0, 8));
+        const vint16mf2_t bsums_i32_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16mf2_i16mf2(__riscv_vnsrl_wx_u16mf2(bsums_i32, 16, 8));
+        const vint32m1_t bsums = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m1(bsums_i32_0, bsums_i32_1, 8);
+
+        // Accumulation.
+        vint32m1_t sumi_v = __riscv_vmul_vv_i32m1(ls, lsums, 8);
+        vint32m1_t sumi1_v = __riscv_vmul_vv_i32m1(__riscv_vmul_vv_i32m1(ls, delta, 8), bsums, 8);
+
+        // Update sumf.
+        int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m1_i32m1(sumi_v, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0.0f, 1), 8));
+        int sumi1 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m1_i32m1(sumi1_v, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0.0f, 1), 8));
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
     }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
+
     *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq1_m * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+
+    iq1m_scale_t scale;
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
+        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
+        const uint8_t  * qh = x[i].qh;
+        const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
+
+        scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
+
+        // Accumulators.
+        vint32m2_t acc1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+        vint32m2_t acc2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+
+        // We process 4 sub-blocks together.
+        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/128; ib++) {
+            // Load qh for 4 sub-blocks.
+            const vuint8mf4_t qh_8 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(qh, 8);
+            const vuint16mf2_t qh_16_lo = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16mf2(qh_8, 8);
+            const vuint16mf2_t qh_16_hi = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(qh_16_lo, 8, 8);
+            const vuint16m1_t qhb = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(
+                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16mf2_u8mf2(__riscv_vor_vv_u16mf2(qh_16_lo, qh_16_hi, 8)), 16);
+            qh += 8;
+
+            // Prepare grid indices.
+            const vuint16m1_t qsb = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(&qs[0], 16), 16);
+            const vuint16m1_t shift = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m1_u16m1(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m1(0x00040008, 8));
+            vuint16m1_t index = __riscv_vor_vv_u16m1(qsb, __riscv_vand_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vsll_vv_u16m1(qhb, shift, 16), 0x700, 16), 16);
+            index = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m1(index, 3, 16);
+            qs += 16;
+
+            // Load the grid.
+            const vint8m4_t iq1b = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i64m4_i8m4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m4_i64m4(
+                __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m4(iq1s_grid, index, 16)));
+
+            // Prepare the deltas.
+            const vbool16_t mask = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m1_b16(
+                __riscv_vand_vv_u16m1(qhb, __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m1_u16m1(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m1(0x00800008, 8)), 16), 0, 16);
+            const vint64m4_t delta_pos = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i64m4(0x0101010101010101, 16);
+            const vint64m4_t delta_neg = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i64m4(0xffffffffffffffff, 16);
+            const vint8m4_t delta = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i64m4_i8m4(
+                __riscv_vmerge_vvm_i64m4(delta_pos, delta_neg, mask, 16));
+
+            // Load q8 for sub-blocks.
+            const vint8m4_t q8b = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m4(q8, 128);
+            q8 += 128;
+
+            // Calculate the lsums.
+            const vint16m8_t lsum1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m8(iq1b, q8b, 128);
+            const vint16m8_t lsum2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m8(delta, q8b, 128);
+
+            // Prepare the scales.
+            const int16_t ls_0_0 = 2*((sc[0] >> 0) & 0x7) + 1;
+            const int16_t ls_0_1 = 2*((sc[0] >> 3) & 0x7) + 1;
+            const int16_t ls_1_0 = 2*((sc[0] >> 6) & 0x7) + 1;
+            const int16_t ls_1_1 = 2*((sc[0] >> 9) & 0x7) + 1;
+            const int16_t ls_2_0 = 2*((sc[1] >> 0) & 0x7) + 1;
+            const int16_t ls_2_1 = 2*((sc[1] >> 3) & 0x7) + 1;
+            const int16_t ls_3_0 = 2*((sc[1] >> 6) & 0x7) + 1;
+            const int16_t ls_3_1 = 2*((sc[1] >> 9) & 0x7) + 1;
+            sc += 2;
+
+            // Accumulate in acc0 and acc1 for each sub-block.
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_0_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 0), 16);
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_0_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 1), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_0_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 0), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_0_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 1), 16);
+            //
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_1_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 2), 16);
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_1_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 3), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_1_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 2), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_1_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 3), 16);
+            //
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_2_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 4), 16);
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_2_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 5), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_2_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 4), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_2_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 5), 16);
+            //
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_3_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 6), 16);
+            acc1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc1, ls_3_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum1, 7), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_3_0, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 6), 16);
+            acc2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(acc2, ls_3_1, __riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m1(lsum2, 7), 16);
+        }
+
+        // Reduce and accumulate in `sumf`.
+        vint32m1_t one = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+        int sumi1 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(acc1, one, 16));
+        int sumi2 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(acc2, one, 16));
+        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * (sumi1 + IQ1M_DELTA * sumi2);
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static const uint8_t sign_gather_indices_arr[64] = {
+    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4, 5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5, 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6, 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
+};
+
+static const uint8_t sign_bit_masks_arr[64] = {
+    1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,
+    1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
+};
+
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_vl128(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    UNUSED(nrc); UNUSED(bx); UNUSED(by); UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq2_s * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+    const uint64_t * grid64 = (const uint64_t *)iq2s_grid;
+
+    // Pre-load Constants
+    vuint8m2_t v_ids = __riscv_vid_v_u8m2(32);
+    vuint8m2_t v_sign_gather_indices = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m2(v_ids, 3, 32);
+    vuint8m2_t v_ones = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u8m2(1, 32);
+    vuint8m2_t v_shift_amts = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(v_ids, 7, 32);
+    vuint8m2_t v_sign_masks = __riscv_vsll_vv_u8m2(v_ones, v_shift_amts, 32);
+    uint16_t shift_qh_arr[4] = {11, 9, 7, 5};
+    vuint16mf2_t v_shift_qh = __riscv_vle16_v_u16mf2(shift_qh_arr, 4);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const float combined_scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scales = x[i].scales;
+        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
+
+        const uint8_t * signs_ptr = qs + 32;
+        float sum_block = 0.0f;
+
+        for (int ib = 0; ib < 8; ++ib) {
+
+            // Load Low Bits [4 bytes]
+            vuint8mf4_t v_qs_u8 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(qs, 4);
+            qs += 4;
+
+            // Load 1 byte. It contains bits for 4 mini-blocks.
+            uint8_t qh_val = *qh++;
+
+            // Combine Low + High bits of 10bit indices
+            vuint8mf4_t v_qh_raw = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u8mf4(qh_val, 4);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qh_u16 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf2(v_qh_raw, 4);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qh_mf2 = __riscv_vsll_vv_u16mf2(v_qh_u16, v_shift_qh, 4);
+            v_qh_mf2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u16mf2(v_qh_mf2, 0x1800, 4);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qs_u16_mf2 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf2(v_qs_u8, 4);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qs_u16 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(v_qs_u16_mf2, 3, 4);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_grid_offsets = __riscv_vor_vv_u16mf2(v_qs_u16, v_qh_mf2, 4);
+
+            // Lookup Grid
+            vint8m2_t v_grid_i8 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(__riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(grid64, v_grid_offsets, 4)));
+
+            vuint8mf4_t v_signs_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(signs_ptr, 4);
+            signs_ptr += 4;
+            vuint8m2_t v_signs_source = __riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8mf4_u8m2(v_signs_raw);
+            vuint8m2_t v_signs_bcast = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m2(v_signs_source, v_sign_gather_indices, 32);
+
+            // generating sign mask
+            vuint8m2_t v_sign_bits = __riscv_vand_vv_u8m2(v_signs_bcast, v_sign_masks, 32);
+            vbool4_t m_negative = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m2_b4(v_sign_bits, 0, 32);
+
+            vint8m2_t v_q8 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(q8, 32);
+            q8 += 32;
+
+            // apply signs
+            vint8m2_t v_q8_signed = __riscv_vrsub_vx_i8m2_mu(m_negative,v_q8, v_q8, 0, 32);
+            vint16m4_t v_dot = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(v_grid_i8, v_q8_signed, 32);
+
+            // Reduction
+            vint32m1_t v_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+
+            // Reduce 0-15 (First Half)
+            int32_t s0 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(
+                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m2(v_dot, 0), v_zero, 16));
+
+            // Reduce 16-31 (Second Half)
+            int32_t s1 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(
+                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m2(v_dot, 1), v_zero, 16));
+
+            // Apply sub Scales
+            uint8_t sc = *scales++;
+
+            sum_block += s0 * (2 * (sc & 0xF) + 1);
+            sum_block += s1 * (2 * (sc >> 4)  + 1);
+        }
+        sumf += sum_block * combined_scale;
+    }
+    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    UNUSED(nrc); UNUSED(bx); UNUSED(by); UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq2_s * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+    const uint64_t * grid64 = (const uint64_t *)iq2s_grid;
+
+    // --- Pre-load Constants ---
+    uint16_t gather_qh_arr[8] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1};
+    vuint16mf2_t v_gather_qh = __riscv_vle16_v_u16mf2(gather_qh_arr, 8);
+    uint16_t shift_qh_arr[8] = {11, 9, 7, 5, 11, 9, 7, 5};
+    vuint16mf2_t v_shift_qh = __riscv_vle16_v_u16mf2(shift_qh_arr, 8);
+
+    // Constants for sign extraction
+    vuint8m2_t v_sign_gather_indices = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(sign_gather_indices_arr, 64);
+    vuint8m2_t v_sign_masks = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(sign_bit_masks_arr, 64);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const float combined_scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scales = x[i].scales;
+        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
+
+        const uint8_t * signs_ptr = qs + 32;
+
+        float sum_block = 0.0f;
+
+        for (int ib = 0; ib < 4; ++ib) {
+            // Combine low + high bits
+            vuint8mf4_t v_qs_u8 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(qs, 8);
+            qs += 8;
+            uint16_t qh_val;
+            memcpy(&qh_val, qh, 2);
+            qh += 2;
+            vuint8mf8_t v_qh_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf8((const uint8_t*)&qh_val, 2);
+            vuint16mf4_t v_qh_u16 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf4(v_qh_raw, 2);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qh_u16_ext = __riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u16mf4_u16mf2(v_qh_u16);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qh_expanded = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u16mf2(v_qh_u16_ext, v_gather_qh, 8);
+            v_qh_expanded = __riscv_vsll_vv_u16mf2(v_qh_expanded, v_shift_qh, 8);
+
+            // Mask: We want bits 11-12. 0x1800 = 0001 1000 0000 0000
+            v_qh_expanded = __riscv_vand_vx_u16mf2(v_qh_expanded, 0x1800, 8);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qs_u16 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf2(v_qs_u8, 8);
+
+            // Multiply by 8 to get byte offset, instead of element offset
+            v_qs_u16 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(v_qs_u16, 3, 8);
+            vuint16mf2_t v_grid_offsets = __riscv_vor_vv_u16mf2(v_qs_u16, v_qh_expanded, 8);
+
+            // Lookup Grid using Byte Offsets
+            vuint64m2_t v_grid_vals = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(grid64, v_grid_offsets, 8);
+
+            vuint8m2_t v_grid_u8 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(v_grid_vals);
+            vint8m2_t v_grid_i8 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(v_grid_u8);
+
+            // Load signs and generate sign mask
+            vuint8mf4_t v_signs_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(signs_ptr, 8);
+            signs_ptr += 8;
+
+            vuint8m2_t v_signs_source = __riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8mf4_u8m2(v_signs_raw);
+            vuint8m2_t v_signs_bcast = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m2(v_signs_source, v_sign_gather_indices, 64);
+
+            vuint8m2_t v_sign_bits = __riscv_vand_vv_u8m2(v_signs_bcast, v_sign_masks, 64);
+            vbool4_t m_negative = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m2_b4(v_sign_bits, 0, 64);
+
+            vint8m2_t v_q8 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(q8, 64);
+            q8 += 64;
+
+            vint8m2_t v_q8_signed = __riscv_vrsub_vx_i8m2_mu(m_negative, v_q8, v_q8, 0, 64);
+            vint16m4_t v_dot = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(v_grid_i8, v_q8_signed, 64);
+
+            vint32m1_t v_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+
+            int32_t s0 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(v_dot, 0), v_zero, 16));
+            int32_t s1 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(v_dot, 1), v_zero, 16));
+            int32_t s2 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(v_dot, 2), v_zero, 16));
+            int32_t s3 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(v_dot, 3), v_zero, 16));
+
+            uint8_t sc0 = scales[0];
+            uint8_t sc1 = scales[1];
+            scales += 2;
+
+            sum_block += s0 * (2 * (sc0 & 0xF) + 1);
+            sum_block += s1 * (2 * (sc0 >> 4)  + 1);
+            sum_block += s2 * (2 * (sc1 & 0xF) + 1);
+            sum_block += s3 * (2 * (sc1 >> 4)  + 1);
+        }
+        sumf += sum_block * combined_scale;
+    }
+    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 128:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_vl128(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
+static const int8_t keven_signs_q2xs[1024] = {
+     1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,
+     1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+     1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,
+     1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+};
+#endif
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq2_xs * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K   * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;
+    const uint64_t * grid64  = (const uint64_t *)iq2xs_grid;
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
+        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
+        const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT scales = x[i].scales;
+
+        int32_t sum_int = 0;
+
+        // Loop over 4 subblocks of 64 elements (QK_K = 256)
+        for (int ib64 = 0; ib64 < QK_K / 64; ++ib64) {
+            // Load 8 uint16 indices (controls 64 values)
+            vuint16mf2_t v_qs = __riscv_vle16_v_u16mf2(qs, 8);
+            qs += 8;
+
+            // Extract indices for grid (low 9 bits) and signs (high 7 bits)
+            // Multiply by 8 (<< 3) for byte offsets into the uint64 tables
+            vuint16mf2_t vidx_grid = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u16mf2(v_qs, 511, 8), 3, 8);
+            vuint16mf2_t vidx_sign = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16mf2(v_qs, 9, 8), 3, 8);
+
+            vuint64m2_t vq2_64 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(grid64, vidx_grid, 8);
+            vuint64m2_t vs2_64 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(signs64, vidx_sign, 8);
+
+            vint8m2_t q2u = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(vq2_64));
+            vint8m2_t q2s = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(vs2_64));
+
+            vint8m2_t q2_final = __riscv_vmul_vv_i8m2(q2u, q2s, 64);
+
+            vint8m2_t q8v = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(q8, 64);
+            q8 += 64;
+
+            vint16m4_t prod = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(q2_final, q8v, 64);
+
+            vint32m1_t zero_vec = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+
+            int32_t sum0 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                           __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(prod, 0), zero_vec, 16));
+            int32_t sum1 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                           __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(prod, 1), zero_vec, 16));
+            int32_t sum2 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                           __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(prod, 2), zero_vec, 16));
+            int32_t sum3 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(
+                           __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(prod, 3), zero_vec, 16));
+
+            const uint8_t scale_byte_1 = scales[0];
+            const uint8_t scale_byte_2 = scales[1];
+            scales += 2;
+
+            sum_int += sum0 * ((scale_byte_1 & 0x0F) * 2 + 1);
+            sum_int += sum1 * ((scale_byte_1 >> 4)   * 2 + 1);
+            sum_int += sum2 * ((scale_byte_2 & 0x0F) * 2 + 1);
+            sum_int += sum3 * ((scale_byte_2 >> 4)   * 2 + 1);
+        }
+
+        sumf += d * sum_int;
+    }
+    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+      switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+          case 256:
+              ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+              break;
+          default:
+              ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+              break;
+      }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_vl128(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq2_xxs * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K    * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;
+    const uint64_t * grid64  = (const uint64_t *)iq2xxs_grid;
+
+    uint32_t shift_constants[4] = {0, 7, 14, 21};
+    vuint32m1_t v_shifts = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m1(shift_constants, 4);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const float combined_scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+
+        const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q2_ptr = (const uint8_t *) x[i].qs;
+        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
+
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+
+        #pragma GCC unroll 1
+        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K / 32; ib32 += 2) {
+            vint8m2_t q8_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(q8, 32); q8 += 32;
+            vint8m2_t q8_2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(q8, 32); q8 += 32;
+
+            vuint8mf4_t v_raw_q2_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(q2_ptr, 4);
+            vuint8mf4_t v_raw_q2_2 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(q2_ptr + 8, 4);
+
+            vuint16mf2_t vidx_q2_1 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf2(v_raw_q2_1, 4);
+            vuint16mf2_t vidx_q2_2 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf2(v_raw_q2_2, 4);
+
+            vidx_q2_1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(vidx_q2_1, 3, 4);
+            vidx_q2_2 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(vidx_q2_2, 3, 4);
+
+            uint32_t s_packed_1, s_packed_2;
+            memcpy(&s_packed_1, q2_ptr + 4, 4);
+            memcpy(&s_packed_2, q2_ptr + 12, 4);
+
+            vuint32m1_t v_s_1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m1(s_packed_1, 4);
+            vuint32m1_t v_s_2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m1(s_packed_2, 4);
+            v_s_1 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m1(v_s_1, v_shifts, 4);
+            v_s_2 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m1(v_s_2, v_shifts, 4);
+
+            v_s_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m1(v_s_1, 127, 4);
+            v_s_2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m1(v_s_2, 127, 4);
+
+            vuint16mf2_t vidx_s2_1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16mf2(v_s_1, 4), 3, 4);
+            vuint16mf2_t vidx_s2_2 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16mf2(v_s_2, 4), 3, 4);
+
+            vuint64m2_t vq2_64_1 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(grid64, vidx_q2_1, 4);
+            vuint64m2_t vq2_64_2 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(grid64, vidx_q2_2, 4);
+
+            vint8m2_t q2_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(vq2_64_1));
+            vint8m2_t q2_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(vq2_64_2));
+
+            vuint64m2_t vs2_64_1 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(signs64, vidx_s2_1, 4);
+            vuint64m2_t vs2_64_2 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(signs64, vidx_s2_2, 4);
+            vint8m2_t s2_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(vs2_64_1));
+            vint8m2_t s2_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(vs2_64_2));
+
+            vint8m2_t q8s_1 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i8m2(q8_1, s2_1, 32);
+            vint8m2_t q8s_2 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i8m2(q8_2, s2_2, 32);
+
+            vint16m4_t dot1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(q8s_1, q2_1, 32);
+            vint16m4_t dot2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(q8s_2, q2_2, 32);
+
+            vint32m1_t zero_vec = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+            vint32m1_t sumv1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(dot1, zero_vec, 32);
+            vint32m1_t sumv2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(dot2, zero_vec, 32);
+
+            int32_t scalar_sum1 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sumv1);
+            int32_t scalar_sum2 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sumv2);
+
+            int16_t scale1 = 2 * ((s_packed_1 >> 28) & 0xF) + 1;
+            int16_t scale2 = 2 * ((s_packed_2 >> 28) & 0xF) + 1;
+
+            sum += scalar_sum1 * scale1 + scalar_sum2 * scale2;
+            q2_ptr += 16;
+        }
+        sumf += sum * combined_scale;
+    }
+    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq2_xxs * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K    * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;
+    const uint64_t * grid64  = (const uint64_t *)iq2xxs_grid;
+
+    uint32_t shift_constants[4] = {0, 7, 14, 21};
+    vuint32mf2_t v_shifts = __riscv_vle32_v_u32mf2(shift_constants, 4);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const float combined_scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+
+        const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q2_ptr = (const uint8_t *) x[i].qs;
+        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
+
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+
+        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K / 32; ib32 += 2) {
+            vint8m1_t q8_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, 32); q8 += 32;
+            vint8m1_t q8_2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, 32); q8 += 32;
+
+            vuint8mf8_t v_raw_q2_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf8(q2_ptr, 4);
+            vuint8mf8_t v_raw_q2_2 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf8(q2_ptr + 8, 4);
+
+            vuint16mf4_t vidx_q2_1 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf4(v_raw_q2_1, 4);
+            vuint16mf4_t vidx_q2_2 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16mf4(v_raw_q2_2, 4);
+
+            vidx_q2_1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf4(vidx_q2_1, 3, 4);
+            vidx_q2_2 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf4(vidx_q2_2, 3, 4);
+
+            uint32_t s_packed_1, s_packed_2;
+            memcpy(&s_packed_1, q2_ptr + 4, 4);
+            memcpy(&s_packed_2, q2_ptr + 12, 4);
+
+            vuint32mf2_t v_s_1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u32mf2(s_packed_1, 4);
+            vuint32mf2_t v_s_2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u32mf2(s_packed_2, 4);
+
+            v_s_1 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32mf2(v_s_1, v_shifts, 4);
+            v_s_2 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32mf2(v_s_2, v_shifts, 4);
+
+            v_s_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32mf2(v_s_1, 127, 4);
+            v_s_2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32mf2(v_s_2, 127, 4);
+
+            // Narrow u32 -> u16 (vncvt) and Scale by 8 to get byte offsets
+            vuint16mf4_t vidx_s2_1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf4(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16mf4(v_s_1, 4), 3, 4);
+            vuint16mf4_t vidx_s2_2 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf4(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16mf4(v_s_2, 4), 3, 4);
+
+            // Load q2 values from lookup grid
+            vuint64m1_t vq2_64_1 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m1(grid64, vidx_q2_1, 4);
+            vuint64m1_t vq2_64_2 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m1(grid64, vidx_q2_2, 4);
+            vint8m1_t q2_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(vq2_64_1));
+            vint8m1_t q2_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(vq2_64_2));
+
+            // Load sign values
+            vuint64m1_t vs2_64_1 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m1(signs64, vidx_s2_1, 4);
+            vuint64m1_t vs2_64_2 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m1(signs64, vidx_s2_2, 4);
+            vint8m1_t s2_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(vs2_64_1));
+            vint8m1_t s2_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(vs2_64_2));
+
+            // Apply signs to q8
+            vint8m1_t q8s_1 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i8m1(q8_1, s2_1, 32);
+            vint8m1_t q8s_2 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i8m1(q8_2, s2_2, 32);
+
+            // multiplying q2 with q8
+            vint16m2_t dot1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q8s_1, q2_1, 32);
+            vint16m2_t dot2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q8s_2, q2_2, 32);
+
+            vint32m1_t zero_vec = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+            vint32m1_t sumv1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(dot1, zero_vec, 32);
+            vint32m1_t sumv2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(dot2, zero_vec, 32);
+            int32_t scalar_sum1 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sumv1);
+            int32_t scalar_sum2 = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sumv2);
+            int16_t scale1 = 2 * ((s_packed_1 >> 28) & 0xF) + 1;
+            int16_t scale2 = 2 * ((s_packed_2 >> 28) & 0xF) + 1;
+
+            sum += scalar_sum1 * scale1 + scalar_sum2 * scale2;
+            q2_ptr += 16;
+        }
+        sumf += sum * combined_scale;
+    }
+    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 128:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_vl128(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq3_s * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+
+    const uint64_t * grid64 = (const uint64_t *)iq3s_grid;
+
+    // --- Pre-load Constants ---
+    const uint16_t qh_bit_shifts_arr[16] = {
+        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
+    };
+    vuint8m2_t v_sign_gather_indices = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(sign_gather_indices_arr, 64);
+    vuint8m2_t v_sign_masks = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(sign_bit_masks_arr, 64);
+    vuint16m1_t v_qh_shifts = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m1(qh_bit_shifts_arr, 16);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float combined_scale = d * y[i].d;
+
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scales = x[i].scales;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = x[i].signs;
+        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
+
+        float sum_block = 0.0f;
+
+        // Loop: Process 64 weights (16 mini-blocks of 4) per iteration
+        for (int ib = 0; ib < 4; ++ib) {
+
+            vuint8mf2_t v_qs_u8 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(qs, 16);
+            qs += 16;
+
+            uint16_t qh_val;
+            memcpy(&qh_val, qh, 2);
+            qh += 2;
+
+            vuint16m1_t v_qh_val = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u16m1(qh_val, 16);
+            // Extract bits: (qh >> i) & 1
+            v_qh_val = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u16m1(v_qh_val, v_qh_shifts, 16);
+            v_qh_val = __riscv_vand_vx_u16m1(v_qh_val, 1, 16);
+
+            vuint16m1_t v_qs_u16 = __riscv_vwcvtu_x_x_v_u16m1(v_qs_u8, 16);
+            v_qs_u16 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m1(v_qs_u16, 2, 16);
+            v_qh_val = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m1(v_qh_val, 10, 16);
+            vuint16m1_t v_grid_offsets = __riscv_vor_vv_u16m1(v_qs_u16, v_qh_val, 16);
+
+            // Grid value is 4xuint8
+            vuint32m2_t v_grid_packed = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u32m2((const uint32_t *)grid64, v_grid_offsets, 16);
+            vuint8m2_t v_grid_u8 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_u8m2(v_grid_packed);
+            vuint8mf4_t v_signs_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(signs, 8);
+            signs += 8;
+
+            // Generate sign mask
+            vuint8m2_t v_signs_source = __riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8mf4_u8m2(v_signs_raw);
+            vuint8m2_t v_signs_bcast = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m2(v_signs_source, v_sign_gather_indices, 64);
+            vuint8m2_t v_sign_bits = __riscv_vand_vv_u8m2(v_signs_bcast, v_sign_masks, 64);
+            vbool4_t m_negative = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m2_b4(v_sign_bits, 0, 64);
+
+            vint8m2_t v_q8 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(q8, 64);
+            q8 += 64;
+
+            // Apply Signs
+            vint8m2_t v_q8_signed = __riscv_vrsub_vx_i8m2_mu(m_negative, v_q8, v_q8, 0, 64);
+            vint16m4_t v_dot = __riscv_vwmulsu_vv_i16m4(v_q8_signed, v_grid_u8, 64);
+
+            // Reduction
+            vint16m2_t v_dot_lo = __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m2(v_dot, 0);
+            vint16m2_t v_dot_hi = __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m2(v_dot, 1);
+            vint32m1_t v_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+
+            int32_t s_lo = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(v_dot_lo, v_zero, 32));
+            int32_t s_hi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(v_dot_hi, v_zero, 32));
+
+            // Apply sub-scales
+            uint8_t sc_byte = *scales++;
+            int sc_lo = (sc_byte & 0xF) * 2 + 1;
+            int sc_hi = (sc_byte >> 4)  * 2 + 1;
+
+            sum_block += s_lo * sc_lo + s_hi * sc_hi;
+        }
+        sumf += sum_block * combined_scale;
+    }
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_iq3_xxs * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K    * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+
+    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;
+    const uint32_t * grid32  = (const uint32_t *)iq3xxs_grid;
+
+    // constants for unpacking logic
+    const uint32_t shifts_val[8] = {0, 7, 14, 21, 0, 7, 14, 21};
+    vuint32m1_t v_shifts = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m1(shifts_val, 8);
+
+    const uint32_t gather_idx_val[8] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1};
+    vuint32m1_t v_gather_idx = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m1(gather_idx_val, 8);
+
+    uint32_t aux32[2];
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3_indices = x[i].qs;
+        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT metadata   = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
+        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8         = y[i].qs;
+
+        float block_sum = 0.0f;
+
+        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K / 64; ++ib) {
+            // Load q8 (64 bytes)
+            vint8m2_t v_q8 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(q8, 64);
+            q8 += 64;
+
+            // load of metadata via memcpy
+            memcpy(aux32, metadata, 2 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+            metadata += 2 * sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+            // Load q3 indices and gather magnitudes
+            vuint8mf2_t v_q3_idx_u8 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(q3_indices, 16);
+            q3_indices += 16;
+
+            vuint16m1_t v_q3_idx_u16 = __riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m1(v_q3_idx_u8, 4, 16);
+            vuint32m2_t v_q3_magnitudes_u32 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u32m2(grid32, v_q3_idx_u16, 16);
+            vint8m2_t v_q3_magnitudes = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_u8m2(v_q3_magnitudes_u32));
+
+            // --- Unpacking of Sign Indices ---
+
+            // 1. Load the 2 auxiliary 32-bit integers into a vector
+            vuint32m1_t v_aux = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m1(aux32, 2);
+
+            // 2. Broadcast/Gather: replicate aux[0] to first 4 lanes, aux[1] to next 4 lanes
+            vuint32m1_t v_aux_expanded = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u32m1(v_aux, v_gather_idx, 8);
+
+            // 3. Apply Shifts and Mask: ((val >> shift) & 127)
+            vuint32m1_t v_s_vals_raw = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m1(__riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m1(v_aux_expanded, v_shifts, 8), 127, 8);
+
+            // 4. Narrow to u16 (required for vluxei index) and multiply by 8 (byte offset for u64 table)
+            vuint16mf2_t sign_indices_byte_offset = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16mf2(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16mf2(v_s_vals_raw, 8), 3, 8);
+
+            // 5. Gather Signs
+            vuint64m2_t v_s_vals_u64 = __riscv_vluxei16_v_u64m2(signs64, sign_indices_byte_offset, 8);
+            vint8m2_t v_s_vals = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m2_u8m2(v_s_vals_u64));
+
+            vint8m2_t v_q3_signed = __riscv_vmul_vv_i8m2(v_q3_magnitudes, v_s_vals, 64);
+            vint16m4_t v_dot = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(v_q8, v_q3_signed, 64);
+
+            vint16m2_t v_dot_1 = __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m2(v_dot, 0);
+            vint16m2_t v_dot_2 = __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m2(v_dot, 1);
+
+            vint32m1_t v_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+            vint32m1_t v_sum_1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(v_dot_1, v_zero, 32);
+            vint32m1_t v_sum_2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(v_dot_2, v_zero, 32);
+
+            int32_t sum1_i = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(v_sum_1);
+            int32_t sum2_i = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(v_sum_2);
+
+            const float scale1_f = (float)(2 * (aux32[0] >> 28) + 1);
+            const float scale2_f = (float)(2 * (aux32[1] >> 28) + 1);
+
+            block_sum += sum1_i * scale1_f + sum2_i * scale2_f;
+        }
+
+        sumf += d * block_sum;
+    }
+    *s = 0.25f * sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_vl128(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK4_NL == 0);
+    static_assert(QK4_NL == QK8_0, "QK4_NL and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_iq4_nl * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0   * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK4_NL;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    // Load the lookup table once.
+    const vint8m2_t values = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(kvalues_iq4nl, 16);
+    int acc1, acc2;
+
+    // We process 2 blocks at once.
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        // Weights and activations.
+        vuint8m1_t iq4_packed1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(x[ib + 0].qs, 16);
+        vint8m2_t q8b1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(y[ib + 0].qs, 32);
+        vuint8m1_t iq4_packed2 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(x[ib + 1].qs, 16);
+        vint8m2_t q8b2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(y[ib + 1].qs, 32);
+
+        // Unpack the weight blocks.
+        vuint8m2_t iq4bits1;
+        iq4bits1 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(iq4bits1, 0, __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(iq4_packed1, 0xf, 16));
+        iq4bits1 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(iq4bits1, 1, __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(iq4_packed1, 4, 16));
+        vuint8m2_t iq4bits2;
+        iq4bits2 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(iq4bits2, 0, __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(iq4_packed2, 0xf, 16));
+        iq4bits2 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(iq4bits2, 1, __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(iq4_packed2, 4, 16));
+
+        // Gather values from the lookup table.
+        vint8m2_t iq4b1 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8m2(values, iq4bits1, 32);
+        vint8m2_t iq4b2 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8m2(values, iq4bits2, 32);
+
+        // Accumulation.
+        vint16m4_t sum1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(q8b1, iq4b1, 32);
+        vint16m4_t sum2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(q8b2, iq4b2, 32);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc1,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(sum1, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc2,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(sum2, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+        sumf += ((GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 0].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d) * acc1));
+        sumf += ((GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) * acc2));
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK4_NL == 0);
+    static_assert(QK4_NL == QK8_0, "QK4_NL and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_iq4_nl * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0   * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK4_NL;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    // Load the lookup table once.
+    const vint8mf2_t values = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(kvalues_iq4nl, 16);
+    int acc1, acc2;
+
+    // We process 2 blocks at once.
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        // Weights and activations.
+        vuint8mf2_t iq4_packed1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[ib + 0].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_lo1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 0].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_hi1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 0].qs + 16, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t iq4_packed2 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[ib + 1].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_lo2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 1].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_hi2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 1].qs + 16, 16);
+
+        // Unpack the weight blocks.
+        vuint8mf2_t iq4bits_lo1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(iq4_packed1, 0xf, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t iq4bits_hi1 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(iq4_packed1, 4, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t iq4bits_lo2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(iq4_packed2, 0xf, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t iq4bits_hi2 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(iq4_packed2, 4, 16);
+
+        // Gather values from the lookup table.
+        vint8mf2_t iq4b_lo1 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, iq4bits_lo1, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t iq4b_hi1 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, iq4bits_hi1, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t iq4b_lo2 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, iq4bits_lo2, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t iq4b_hi2 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, iq4bits_hi2, 16);
+
+        // Accumulation.
+        vint16m1_t sum1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q8b_lo1, iq4b_lo1, 16);
+        sum1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m1(sum1, q8b_hi1, iq4b_hi1, 16);
+        vint16m1_t sum2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q8b_lo2, iq4b_lo2, 16);
+        sum2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m1(sum2, q8b_hi2, iq4b_hi2, 16);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc1,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(sum1, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 16), 1);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc2,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(sum2, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 16), 1);
+        sumf += ((GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 0].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d) * acc1));
+        sumf += ((GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) * acc2));
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 128:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_vl128(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+
+    const block_iq4_xs * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K   * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    const vint8m4_t values = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m4(kvalues_iq4nl, 16);
+    float sumf = 0;
+    int acc[4];
+
+    // Indices for re-ordering IQ4 data.
+    uint64_t index[16] = {
+        0, 1, 8, 9,
+        2, 3, 10, 11,
+        4, 5,12, 13,
+        6, 7, 14, 15,
+    };
+    vuint64m4_t i_vec = __riscv_vle64_v_u64m4(index, 16);
+
+    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
+        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
+        const uint8_t * iq4 = x[ibl].qs;
+        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
+
+        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0, sumi3 = 0, sumi4 = 0;
+
+        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K / 128; ++ib) {
+            // Weights and activations.
+            vuint8m2_t iq4_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(iq4, 64);
+            vint8m4_t q8b = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m4(q8, 128);
+            iq4 += 64;
+            q8 += 128;
+
+            // Unpack the weight blocks.
+            vuint8m2_t iq4bits_lo = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(iq4_packed, 0xf, 64);
+            vuint8m2_t iq4bits_hi = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m2(iq4_packed, 4, 64);
+            vuint8m4_t iq4bits;
+            iq4bits = __riscv_vset_v_u8m2_u8m4(iq4bits, 0, iq4bits_lo);
+            iq4bits = __riscv_vset_v_u8m2_u8m4(iq4bits, 1, iq4bits_hi);
+            vuint8m4_t iq4bits_reorder = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m4_u8m4(__riscv_vrgather_vv_u64m4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m4_u64m4(iq4bits), i_vec, 16));
+            vint8m4_t iq4b = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8m4(values, iq4bits_reorder, 128);
+
+            // Multiply with activations.
+            vint16m8_t prod = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m8(iq4b, q8b, 128);
+
+            // Reduce separately.
+            __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc[0],__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(prod, 0), __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc[1],__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(prod, 1), __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc[2],__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(prod, 2), __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc[3],__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(__riscv_vget_v_i16m8_i16m2(prod, 3), __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+
+            int ls1 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib * 2 + 0] & 0xf)  | ((h << 4) & 0x30)) - 32;
+            int ls2 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib * 2 + 0] >>  4)  | ((h << 2) & 0x30)) - 32;
+            int ls3 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib * 2 + 1] &  0xf) | ((h << 0) & 0x30)) - 32;
+            int ls4 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib * 2 + 1] >>  4)  | ((h >> 2) & 0x30)) - 32;
+            h >>= 8;
+
+            sumi1 += acc[0] * ls1;
+            sumi2 += acc[1] * ls2;
+            sumi3 += acc[2] * ls3;
+            sumi4 += acc[3] * ls4;
+        }
+
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d * (sumi1 + sumi2 + sumi3 + sumi4);
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_tq1_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+    uint8_t pow[16] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 9, 9, 9, 9, 27, 27, 27, 27};
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // First loop.
+        vint32m4_t suml1;
+        {
+            const int vl = 32;
+            vuint8m1_t tq = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(x[i].qs, vl);
+
+            vuint16m2_t tq0 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m2(tq, 3, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m2_t tq1 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8m1(tq, 3, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m2_t tq2 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8m1(tq, 9, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m2_t tq3 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8m1(tq, 27, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m2_t tq4 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8m1(tq, 81, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+
+            vint16m2_t q80 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(__riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs + 0, vl), vl);
+            vint16m2_t q81 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(__riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs + 32, vl), vl);
+            vint16m2_t q82 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(__riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs + 64, vl), vl);
+            vint16m2_t q83 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(__riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs + 96, vl), vl);
+            vint16m2_t q84 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(__riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs + 128, vl), vl);
+
+            vint16m2_t sum0 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m2(tq0, 1, vl)), q80, vl);
+            vint16m2_t sum1 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m2(tq1, 1, vl)), q81, vl);
+            vint16m2_t sum2 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m2(tq2, 1, vl)), q82, vl);
+            vint16m2_t sum3 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m2(tq3, 1, vl)), q83, vl);
+            vint16m2_t sum4 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m2(tq4, 1, vl)), q84, vl);
+
+            vint32m4_t sumi0 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m4(sum0, sum1, vl);
+            vint32m4_t sumi1 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m4(sum2, sum3, vl);
+            suml1 = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m4(__riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i32m4(sum4, vl), __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m4(sumi0, sumi1, vl), vl);
+        }
+
+        // Second loop.
+        vint32m2_t suml2;
+        {
+            const int vl = 16;
+            vuint8mf2_t tq = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[i].qs + 32, vl);
+
+            vuint16m1_t tq0 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m1(tq, 3 * 1, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m1_t tq1 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8mf2(tq, 3, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m1_t tq2 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8mf2(tq, 9, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m1_t tq3 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8mf2(tq, 27, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+            vuint16m1_t tq4 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8mf2(tq, 81, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+
+            vint16m1_t q80 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(__riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs + 160, vl), vl);
+            vint16m1_t q81 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(__riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs + 176, vl), vl);
+            vint16m1_t q82 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(__riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs + 192, vl), vl);
+            vint16m1_t q83 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(__riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs + 208, vl), vl);
+            vint16m1_t q84 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(__riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs + 224, vl), vl);
+
+            vint16m1_t sum0 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m1(tq0, 1, vl)), q80, vl);
+            vint16m1_t sum1 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m1(tq1, 1, vl)), q81, vl);
+            vint16m1_t sum2 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m1(tq2, 1, vl)), q82, vl);
+            vint16m1_t sum3 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m1(tq3, 1, vl)), q83, vl);
+            vint16m1_t sum4 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m1(tq4, 1, vl)), q84, vl);
+
+            vint32m2_t sumi0 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sum0, sum1, vl);
+            vint32m2_t sumi1 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sum2, sum3, vl);
+            suml2 = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(__riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i32m2(sum4, vl), __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumi0, sumi1, vl), vl);
+        }
+
+        // Third loop.
+        vint32m2_t suml3;
+        {
+            const int vl = 16;
+
+            uint32_t qh;
+            memcpy(&qh, &x[i].qh[0], 4);
+            // Prevent fusion with vmv.
+            __asm__ __volatile__("" : "+r"(qh));
+            vuint8mf2_t tq = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32mf2_u8mf2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32mf2(qh, vl / 4));
+
+            vuint8mf2_t p = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(pow, vl);
+
+            vuint16m1_t tq0 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vmul_vv_u8mf2(tq, p, vl), 3, vl), 8, vl);
+
+            vint16m1_t q80 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(__riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs + 240, vl), vl);
+
+            vint16m1_t sum0 = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vsub_vx_u16m1(tq0, 1, vl)), q80, vl);
+            suml3 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i32m2(sum0, vl);
+        }
+
+        vint32m2_t sumb = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i32m4_i32m2(suml1, 0), __riscv_vget_v_i32m4_i32m2(suml1, 1), 16);
+        sumb = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumb, suml2, 16);
+        sumb = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumb, suml3, 16);
+
+        vint32m1_t sum = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(sumb, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 16);
+        sumf += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sum) * y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_tq2_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_K  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+        int32_t sumi = 0;
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(x[0].qs); j += 32) {
+            const int8_t * py0 = &y[i].qs[j * 4 + 0 * 32];
+            const int8_t * py1 = &y[i].qs[j * 4 + 1 * 32];
+            const int8_t * py2 = &y[i].qs[j * 4 + 2 * 32];
+            const int8_t * py3 = &y[i].qs[j * 4 + 3 * 32];
+            const uint8_t* px  = &x[i].qs[j];
+
+            size_t vlmax_16m2 = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(32);
+            vint16m2_t vacc16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m2(0, vlmax_16m2);
+
+            size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(32);
+
+            vuint8m1_t vx_u8 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(px, vl);
+
+            vint8m1_t vy0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(py0 , vl);
+            vint8m1_t vy1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(py1, vl);
+            vint8m1_t vy2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(py2, vl);
+            vint8m1_t vy3 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(py3, vl);
+
+            // l=0 (bits 1:0)
+            vuint8m1_t t0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(vx_u8, 0x03, vl);
+            vint8m1_t vq0 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(t0), 1, vl);
+
+            // l=1 (bits 3:2)
+            vuint8m1_t t1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(vx_u8, 2, vl), 0x03, vl);
+            vint8m1_t vq1 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(t1), 1, vl);
+
+            // l=2 (bits 5:4)
+            vuint8m1_t t2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(vx_u8, 4, vl), 0x03, vl);
+            vint8m1_t vq2 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(t2), 1, vl);
+
+            // l=3 (bits 7:6)
+            vuint8m1_t t3 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(vx_u8, 6, vl); // No final AND needed as vsrl shifts in zeros
+            vint8m1_t vq3 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(t3), 1, vl);
+
+            // 4. Multiply and accumulate
+            vacc16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m2(vacc16, vq0, vy0, vl);
+            vacc16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m2(vacc16, vq1, vy1, vl);
+            vacc16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m2(vacc16, vq2, vy2, vl);
+            vacc16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m2(vacc16, vq3, vy3, vl);
+
+            vlmax_16m2 = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(32);
+            vint32m1_t vzero32 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
+            vint32m1_t vred32 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(vacc16, vzero32, vlmax_16m2);
+
+            sumi += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vred32);
+        }
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        sumf += (float)sumi * d;
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 256:
+            ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_vl128(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    // Load the lookup table once.
+    const vint8m2_t values = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(kvalues_mxfp4, 16);
+    int acc1, acc2;
+
+    // We process 2 blocks at once.
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        // Weights and activations.
+        vuint8m1_t mx_packed1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(x[ib + 0].qs, 16);
+        vint8m2_t q8b1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(y[ib + 0].qs, 32);
+        vuint8m1_t mx_packed2 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(x[ib + 1].qs, 16);
+        vint8m2_t q8b2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(y[ib + 1].qs, 32);
+
+        // Unpack the weight blocks.
+        vuint8m2_t mxbits1;
+        mxbits1 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(mxbits1, 0, __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(mx_packed1, 0xf, 16));
+        mxbits1 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(mxbits1, 1, __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(mx_packed1, 4, 16));
+        vuint8m2_t mxbits2;
+        mxbits2 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(mxbits2, 0, __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(mx_packed2, 0xf, 16));
+        mxbits2 = __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(mxbits2, 1, __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(mx_packed2, 4, 16));
+
+        // Gather values from the lookup table.
+        vint8m2_t mxb1 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8m2(values, mxbits1, 32);
+        vint8m2_t mxb2 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8m2(values, mxbits2, 32);
+
+        // Accumulation.
+        vint16m4_t sum1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(q8b1, mxb1, 32);
+        vint16m4_t sum2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m4(q8b2, mxb2, 32);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc1,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(sum1, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc2,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m4_i32m1(sum2, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 32), 1);
+        sumf += ((GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 0].e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d) * acc1));
+        sumf += ((GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 1].e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) * acc2));
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_vl256(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    // Load the lookup table once.
+    const vint8mf2_t values = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(kvalues_mxfp4, 16);
+    int acc1, acc2;
+
+    // We process 2 blocks at once.
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib+=2) {
+        // Weights and activations.
+        vuint8mf2_t mx_packed1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[ib + 0].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_lo1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 0].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_hi1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 0].qs + 16, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t mx_packed2 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[ib + 1].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_lo2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 1].qs, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t q8b_hi2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[ib + 1].qs + 16, 16);
+
+        // Unpack the weight blocks.
+        vuint8mf2_t mxbits_lo1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(mx_packed1, 0xf, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t mxbits_hi1 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(mx_packed1, 4, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t mxbits_lo2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(mx_packed2, 0xf, 16);
+        vuint8mf2_t mxbits_hi2 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(mx_packed2, 4, 16);
+
+        // Gather values from the lookup table.
+        vint8mf2_t mxb_lo1 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, mxbits_lo1, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t mxb_hi1 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, mxbits_hi1, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t mxb_lo2 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, mxbits_lo2, 16);
+        vint8mf2_t mxb_hi2 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, mxbits_hi2, 16);
+
+        // Accumulation.
+        vint16m1_t sum1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q8b_lo1, mxb_lo1, 16);
+        sum1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m1(sum1, q8b_hi1, mxb_hi1, 16);
+        vint16m1_t sum2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q8b_lo2, mxb_lo2, 16);
+        sum2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i16m1(sum2, q8b_hi2, mxb_hi2, 16);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc1,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(sum1, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 16), 1);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_i32m1(&acc2,__riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(sum2, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), 16), 1);
+        sumf += ((GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 0].e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d) * acc1));
+        sumf += ((GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 1].e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) * acc2));
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+        case 128:
+            ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_vl128(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+        default:
+            ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_vl256(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+            break;
+    }
+#else
+    return ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/repack.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/repack.cpp
index 0882b410243..cd5807879ea 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/repack.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/repack.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 #include "traits.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
@@ -23,6 +24,94 @@
 
 #define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
 
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
+    assert(QK8_0 == 32);
+    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK8_0;
+
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    block_q8_0x4 * GGML_RESTRICT y = (block_q8_0x4 *) vy;
+    const size_t vl_calc = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(QK8_0);
+    const size_t vl_save = __riscv_vsetvl_e64m2(4);
+    vfloat32m1_t v_scalar_zero = __riscv_vfmv_s_f_f32m1(0.0f, __riscv_vsetvl_e32m1(1));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        const float *x_block_base = x + i * QK8_0;
+        vint8m2_t q_r0, q_r1, q_r2, q_r3;
+        {
+            vfloat32m8_t v_src = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(x_block_base + 0 * k, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m8_t v_abs = __riscv_vfabs_v_f32m8(v_src, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m1_t v_max = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m8_f32m1(v_abs, v_scalar_zero, vl_calc);
+            float amax = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(v_max);
+
+            float d = amax / 127.0f;
+            y[i].d[0] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+
+            float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+            vfloat32m8_t v_scaled = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(v_src, id, vl_calc);
+            vint16m4_t v_i16 = __riscv_vfncvt_x_f_w_i16m4_rm(v_scaled, 4, vl_calc);
+            q_r0 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_i8m2(v_i16, vl_calc);
+        }
+        asm volatile ("" ::: "memory");
+
+        {
+            vfloat32m8_t v_src = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(x_block_base + 1 * k, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m8_t v_abs = __riscv_vfabs_v_f32m8(v_src, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m1_t v_max = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m8_f32m1(v_abs, v_scalar_zero, vl_calc);
+            float amax = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(v_max);
+
+            float d = amax / 127.0f;
+            y[i].d[1] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+            vfloat32m8_t v_scaled = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(v_src, id, vl_calc);
+            vint16m4_t v_i16 = __riscv_vfncvt_x_f_w_i16m4_rm(v_scaled, 4, vl_calc);
+            q_r1 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_i8m2(v_i16, vl_calc);
+        }
+        asm volatile ("" ::: "memory");
+        {
+            vfloat32m8_t v_src = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(x_block_base + 2 * k, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m8_t v_abs = __riscv_vfabs_v_f32m8(v_src, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m1_t v_max = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m8_f32m1(v_abs, v_scalar_zero, vl_calc);
+            float amax = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(v_max);
+
+            float d = amax / 127.0f;
+            y[i].d[2] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+            vfloat32m8_t v_scaled = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(v_src, id, vl_calc);
+            vint16m4_t v_i16 = __riscv_vfncvt_x_f_w_i16m4_rm(v_scaled, 4, vl_calc);
+            q_r2 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_i8m2(v_i16, vl_calc);
+        }
+        asm volatile ("" ::: "memory");
+        {
+            vfloat32m8_t v_src = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(x_block_base + 3 * k, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m8_t v_abs = __riscv_vfabs_v_f32m8(v_src, vl_calc);
+            vfloat32m1_t v_max = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m8_f32m1(v_abs, v_scalar_zero, vl_calc);
+            float amax = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(v_max);
+
+            float d = amax / 127.0f;
+            y[i].d[3] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+            vfloat32m8_t v_scaled = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(v_src, id, vl_calc);
+            vint16m4_t v_i16 = __riscv_vfncvt_x_f_w_i16m4_rm(v_scaled, 4, vl_calc);
+            q_r3 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_i8m2(v_i16, vl_calc);
+        }
+        vint64m2_t v_q64_r0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i8m2_i64m2(q_r0);
+        vint64m2_t v_q64_r1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i8m2_i64m2(q_r1);
+        vint64m2_t v_q64_r2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i8m2_i64m2(q_r2);
+        vint64m2_t v_q64_r3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_i8m2_i64m2(q_r3);
+        vint64m2x4_t v_quant_tuple = __riscv_vcreate_v_i64m2x4(v_q64_r0, v_q64_r1, v_q64_r2, v_q64_r3);
+        __riscv_vsseg4e64_v_i64m2x4((int64_t*)y[i].qs, v_quant_tuple, vl_save);
+    }
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic(x, vy, k);
+#endif
+}
+
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
@@ -90,16 +179,16 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                 const vfloat32m1_t facc = __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m1(sumi_h8, vl / 4);
 
                 // vector version needs Zvfhmin extension
-                const float a_scale = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                const float a_scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                 const float b_scales[8] = {
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[0]),
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[1]),
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[2]),
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[3]),
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[4]),
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[5]),
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[6]),
-                    GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[7])
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[0]),
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[1]),
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[2]),
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[3]),
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[4]),
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[5]),
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[6]),
+                    GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[7])
                 };
                 const vfloat32m1_t b_scales_vec = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m1(b_scales, vl / 4);
                 const vfloat32m1_t tmp1 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m1(facc, a_scale, vl / 4);
@@ -111,30 +200,486 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     }
 
 #endif
-    {
-        float sumf[8];
-        int sumi;
+    ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
 
-        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
 
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                        sumi = 0;
-                        for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                            const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                            const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                            sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
-                        }
-                        sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        // 1x16 Accumulator
+        vfloat32m2_t sumf = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            // 1x16 Integer Accumulator
+            vint16m1_t sumi_0_lo_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+            vint16m1_t sumi_0_hi_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+
+            // Accumulation loop.
+            for (int i = 0; i < QK4_0 / 2; i++) {
+                // Load `b_ptr`.
+                const vint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2((const int8_t *)&b_ptr[l].qs[i * 16], 16);
+                const vint8mf2_t b_0_lo = __riscv_vsra_vx_i8mf2(__riscv_vsll_vx_i8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16), 4, 16);
+                const vint8mf2_t b_0_hi = __riscv_vsra_vx_i8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16);
+
+                sumi_0_lo_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_lo_16, a_ptr[l].qs[i], b_0_lo, 16);
+                sumi_0_hi_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_hi_16, a_ptr[l].qs[16 + i], b_0_hi, 16);
+            }
+
+            const vint32m2_t sumi = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_0_lo_16, sumi_0_hi_16, 16);
+
+            const vfloat16m1_t b_d = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].d, 16);
+            const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d, 16);
+
+            sumf = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi, 16), d_0, 16);
+        }
+
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + x * 16, sumf, 16);
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemv_q4_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_Kx16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        // 1x16 Accumulator
+        vfloat32m2_t sumf = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            vint32m2_t sumi = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+
+            // Load `dmin`.
+            const vfloat32m2_t dmins_d = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(
+                __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(__riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].dmin, 16), 16), a_ptr[l].d, 16);
+
+            // We process 4 sub-blocks at once.
+            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 128; j++) {
+                // Extract the scales and the mins.
+                //
+                // Low bits.
+                vuint8m2_t scales_mins_lo = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(&b_ptr[l].scales[j * 64], 64);
+                vuint8m2_t scales_lo = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_lo, 0x0F, 64);
+                vuint8m2_t mins_lo = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_lo, 4, 64);
+
+                // High bits.
+                vuint8m2_t scales_mins_hi = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(&b_ptr[l].scales[128], 64);
+                vuint8m2_t scales_hi;
+                vuint8m2_t mins_hi;
+                if (!j) {
+                    scales_hi = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0x03, 64), 4, 64);
+                    mins_hi = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0x0C, 64), 2, 64);
+                } else {
+                    scales_hi = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0x30, 64);
+                    mins_hi = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0xC0, 64), 2, 64);
+                }
+                vuint16m4_t scales = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m4(__riscv_vor_vv_u8m2(scales_hi, scales_lo, 64), 64);
+                vint16m4_t mins = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m4_i16m4(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m4(__riscv_vor_vv_u8m2(mins_hi, mins_lo, 64), 64));
+
+                // Reduce the mins and multiply with `dmin`.
+                //
+                // Correct in `sumf`.
+                vint32m2_t bsums = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+                bsums = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums, a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8 + 1], __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 0), 16);
+                bsums = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums, a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8 + 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8 + 3], __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 1), 16);
+                bsums = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums, a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8 + 4] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8 + 5], __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 2), 16);
+                bsums = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums, a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8 + 6] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 8 + 7], __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 3), 16);
+
+                sumf = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(sumf, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(dmins_d, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(bsums, 16), 16), 16);
+
+                // Accumulation for 2 sub-blocks.
+                //
+                // This might overflow, so we accumulate in two steps.
+                //
+                // Recheck.
+                for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
+                    vint16m1_t sumi_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                    vint16m1_t sumi_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+
+                    for (int i = k * 16; i < k * 16 + QK4_0 / 2; i++) {
+                        // Load `b_ptr`.
+                        const vuint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(&b_ptr[l].qs[j * 1024 + i * 16], 16);
+                        const vint8mf2_t b_s_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 0xF, 16));
+                        const vint8mf2_t b_s_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16));
+
+                        sumi_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 128 + i], b_s_0, 16);
+                        sumi_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 128 + 32 + i], b_s_1, 16);
                     }
+
+                    sumi = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi,
+                        __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 0)),
+                        sumi_s_0_16, 16);
+                    sumi = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi,
+                        __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 1)),
+                        sumi_s_1_16, 16);
+                }
+                // Accumulation for 2 sub-blocks.
+                //
+                // This might overflow, so we accumulate in two steps.
+                //
+                // Recheck.
+                for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
+                    vint16m1_t sumi_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                    vint16m1_t sumi_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+
+                    for (int i = k * 16; i < k * 16 + QK4_0 / 2; i++) {
+                        // Load `b_ptr`.
+                        const vuint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(&b_ptr[l].qs[j * 1024 + 512 + i * 16], 16);
+                        const vint8mf2_t b_s_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 0xF, 16));
+                        const vint8mf2_t b_s_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16));
+
+                        sumi_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 128 + 64 + i], b_s_0, 16);
+                        sumi_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 128 + 96 + i], b_s_1, 16);
+                    }
+
+                    sumi = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi,
+                        __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 2)),
+                        sumi_s_0_16, 16);
+                    sumi = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi,
+                        __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 3)),
+                        sumi_s_1_16, 16);
                 }
             }
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+
+            const vfloat32m2_t b_d = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(__riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)&b_ptr[l].d[0], 16), 16);
+            const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, a_ptr[l].d, 16);
+
+            sumf = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi, 16), d_0, 16);
         }
+
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + x * 16, sumf, 16);
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemv_q4_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    const vint8mf2_t values = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(kvalues_iq4nl, 16);
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_iq4_nlx16 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        // 1x16 Accumulator1
+        vfloat32m2_t sumf = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            // 1x16 integer accumulator
+            vint32m2_t sumi = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+            // Accumulation loop.
+            for (int i = 0; i < QK4_NL / 2; i++) {
+                // Load `b_ptr`.
+                const vuint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2((const uint8_t *)&b_ptr[l].qs[i * 16], 16);
+                const vint8mf2_t b_0_lo = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 0xf, 16), 16);
+                const vint8mf2_t b_0_hi = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16), 16);
+                // const vint16m1_t b_0_lo_16 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(b_0_lo, 16);
+                // const vint16m1_t b_0_hi_16 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(b_0_hi, 16);
+
+                const vint16m1_t sumi_lo = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_lo, a_ptr[l].qs[i], 16);
+                const vint16m1_t sumi_hi = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_hi, a_ptr[l].qs[16 + i], 16);
+                sumi = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumi, __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_lo, sumi_hi, 16), 16);
+            }
+
+            const vfloat16m1_t b_d = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].d, 16);
+            const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d, 16);
+
+            sumf = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi, 16), d_0, 16);
+        }
+
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + x * 16, sumf, 16);
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q8_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        // 1x16 Accumulator
+        vfloat32m2_t sumf = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            // 1x16 Integer Accumulator
+            vint32m2_t sumi = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+            // Accumulation loop.
+            for (int i = 0; i < QK8_0; i++) {
+                // Load `b_ptr`.
+                const vint8mf2_t b_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2((const int8_t *)&b_ptr[l].qs[i * 16], 16);
+                // const vint16m1_t b_0_16 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(b_0, 16);
+
+                sumi = __riscv_vwadd_wv_i32m2(sumi, __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0, a_ptr[l].qs[i], 16), 16);
+            }
+
+            const vfloat16m1_t b_d = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].d, 16);
+            const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d, 16);
+
+            sumf = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi, 16), d_0, 16);
+        }
+
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + x * 16, sumf, 16);
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemv_q8_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(nc % 16 == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const int N_COLS_TILE = 16;
+    const int num_k_blocks = n / QK_K;
+
+    const size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(N_COLS_TILE);
+    for (int col_tile = 0; col_tile < nc; col_tile += N_COLS_TILE) {
+
+        const block_q8_K* lhs_base_ptr = (const block_q8_K*)vy;
+        const block_q2_Kx16* rhs_base_ptr = (const block_q2_Kx16*)vx + (col_tile / N_COLS_TILE) * num_k_blocks;
+
+        vfloat32m2_t v_sumf = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, vl);
+
+        for (int k_block = 0; k_block < num_k_blocks; ++k_block) {
+            const block_q8_K* lhs_current = &lhs_base_ptr[k_block];
+            const block_q2_Kx16* rhs_current = &rhs_base_ptr[k_block];
+
+            // 1. Prepare Global Min Scales
+            vfloat16m1_t v_g_min_f16 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16*)rhs_current->dmin, vl);
+            vfloat32m2_t v_g_min_base = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(v_g_min_f16, vl);
+
+            vfloat32m2_t v_g_min_final = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d, vl);
+
+            vint32m2_t v_isum = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, vl);
+
+            const uint8_t* rhs_qs_ptr = rhs_current->qs;
+            const uint8_t* rhs_sc_ptr = rhs_current->scales;
+            const int8_t*  lhs_qs_ptr = lhs_current->qs;
+
+            // --- Phase Loop (4 phases x 64 elements) ---
+            for (int phase = 0; phase < 4; ++phase) {
+
+                // A. Load Scales/Mins
+                vuint16m1_t v_d_sb_0, v_d_sb_1, v_d_sb_2, v_d_sb_3;
+                vuint16m1_t v_m_sb_0, v_m_sb_1, v_m_sb_2, v_m_sb_3;
+
+                {
+                    vuint8mf2_t v_raw;
+                    // Sub-block 0
+                    v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 0, vl);
+                    v_d_sb_0 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                    v_m_sb_0 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                    // Sub-block 1
+                    v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 16, vl);
+                    v_d_sb_1 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                    v_m_sb_1 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                    // Sub-block 2
+                    v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 32, vl);
+                    v_d_sb_2 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                    v_m_sb_2 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                    // Sub-block 3
+                    v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 48, vl);
+                    v_d_sb_3 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                    v_m_sb_3 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                    rhs_sc_ptr += 64;
+                }
+
+                int base_k_phase = (phase < 2) ? (phase * 16) : (128 + (phase-2)*16);
+                int k_offsets[4] = {0, 32, 64, 96};
+
+                // B. Inner Dot Product Loop
+                for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
+                    vuint8mf2_t v_rhs_data = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_qs_ptr, vl);
+                    rhs_qs_ptr += 16;
+
+                    // Sub-block 0
+                    {
+                        vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 3, vl);
+                        vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_0), vl);
+
+                        int8_t q8 = lhs_qs_ptr[base_k_phase + k_offsets[0] + l];
+                        v_isum = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum, (int16_t)q8, v_w, vl);
+                    }
+                    // Sub-block 1
+                    {
+                        vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 2, vl), 3, vl);
+                        vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_1), vl);
+
+                        int8_t q8 = lhs_qs_ptr[base_k_phase + k_offsets[1] + l];
+                        v_isum = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum, (int16_t)q8, v_w, vl);
+                    }
+                    // Sub-block 2
+                    {
+                        vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 4, vl), 3, vl);
+                        vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_2), vl);
+
+                        int8_t q8 = lhs_qs_ptr[base_k_phase + k_offsets[2] + l];
+                        v_isum = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum, (int16_t)q8, v_w, vl);
+                    }
+                    // Sub-block 3
+                    {
+                        vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 6, vl), 3, vl);
+                        vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                            __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_3), vl);
+
+                        int8_t q8 = lhs_qs_ptr[base_k_phase + k_offsets[3] + l];
+                        v_isum = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum, (int16_t)q8, v_w, vl);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // correction
+                int sb_base_abs = base_k_phase / 16;
+
+                // Sub-block 0
+                {
+                    int sb_idx = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[0] / 16);
+                    int16_t bsum = lhs_current->bsums[sb_idx];
+                    vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_0);
+                    vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, bsum, vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min_final, vl);
+                    v_sumf = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf, vf_c, vl);
+                }
+                // Sub-block 1
+                {
+                    int sb_idx = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[1] / 16);
+                    int16_t bsum = lhs_current->bsums[sb_idx];
+                    vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_1);
+                    vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, bsum, vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min_final, vl);
+                    v_sumf = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf, vf_c, vl);
+                }
+                // Sub-block 2
+                {
+                    int sb_idx = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[2] / 16);
+                    int16_t bsum = lhs_current->bsums[sb_idx];
+                    vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_2);
+                    vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, bsum, vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min_final, vl);
+                    v_sumf = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf, vf_c, vl);
+                }
+                // Sub-block 3
+                {
+                    int sb_idx = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[3] / 16);
+                    int16_t bsum = lhs_current->bsums[sb_idx];
+                    vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_3);
+                    vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, bsum, vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min_final, vl);
+                    v_sumf = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf, vf_c, vl);
+                }
+
+            } // End Phase Loop
+
+            // Apply global Scales
+            vfloat16m1_t v_g_all_f16 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16*)rhs_current->d, vl);
+            vfloat32m2_t v_g_all_base = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(v_g_all_f16, vl);
+
+            vfloat32m2_t v_g_all_final = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_all_base, lhs_current->d, vl);
+            vfloat32m2_t v_sum = __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_isum, vl);
+            v_sum = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(v_sum, v_g_all_final, vl);
+            v_sumf = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m2(v_sumf, v_sum, vl);
+
+        } // End K-Block
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + col_tile, v_sumf, vl);
+
     }
 }
 
@@ -181,20 +726,20 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
                     // vector version needs Zvfhmin extension
                     const float a_scales[4] = {
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[0]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[1]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[2]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[3])
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[0]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[3])
                     };
                     const float b_scales[8] = {
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[0]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[1]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[2]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[3]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[4]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[5]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[6]),
-                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[7])
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[0]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[7])
                     };
                     const vfloat32m1_t b_scales_vec = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m1(b_scales, vl / 4);
 
@@ -360,37 +905,829 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         return;
     }
 
-#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__)
-    float sumf[4][8];
-    int sumi;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
 
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
     for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
         const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
         for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            const block_q4_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            // 4x16 Accumulators
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                // 4x16 integer accumulators
+                vint16m1_t sumi_0_lo_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                vint16m1_t sumi_1_lo_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                vint16m1_t sumi_2_lo_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                vint16m1_t sumi_3_lo_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                vint16m1_t sumi_0_hi_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                vint16m1_t sumi_1_hi_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                vint16m1_t sumi_2_hi_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                vint16m1_t sumi_3_hi_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+
+                // Accumulation loop.
+                for (int i = 0; i < QK4_0 / 2; i++) {
+                    // Load `b_ptr`.
+                    const vint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2((const int8_t *)&b_ptr[l].qs[i * 16], 16);
+                    const vint8mf2_t b_0_lo = __riscv_vsra_vx_i8mf2(__riscv_vsll_vx_i8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16), 4, 16);
+                    const vint8mf2_t b_0_hi = __riscv_vsra_vx_i8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16);
+
+                    sumi_0_lo_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_lo_16, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4], b_0_lo, 16);
+                    sumi_1_lo_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_1_lo_16, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 1], b_0_lo, 16);
+                    sumi_2_lo_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_2_lo_16, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 2], b_0_lo, 16);
+                    sumi_3_lo_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_3_lo_16, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 3], b_0_lo, 16);
+
+                    sumi_0_hi_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_hi_16, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4], b_0_hi, 16);
+                    sumi_1_hi_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_1_hi_16, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4 + 1], b_0_hi, 16);
+                    sumi_2_hi_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_2_hi_16, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4 + 2], b_0_hi, 16);
+                    sumi_3_hi_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_3_hi_16, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4 + 3], b_0_hi, 16);
+                }
+
+                // Do the final accumulation in i32 to prevent overflow.
+                const vint32m2_t sumi_0 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_0_lo_16, sumi_0_hi_16, 16);
+                const vint32m2_t sumi_1 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_1_lo_16, sumi_1_hi_16, 16);
+                const vint32m2_t sumi_2 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_2_lo_16, sumi_2_hi_16, 16);
+                const vint32m2_t sumi_3 = __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_3_lo_16, sumi_3_hi_16, 16);
+
+                const vfloat16m1_t b_d = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].d, 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[0], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_1 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[1], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_2 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[2], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_3 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[3], 16);
+
+                sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_0, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_0, 16), d_0, 16);
+                sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_1, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_1, 16), d_1, 16);
+                sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_2, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_2, 16), d_2, 16);
+                sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_3, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_3, 16), d_3, 16);
             }
+
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 0) * bs + x * 16, sumf_0, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 1) * bs + x * 16, sumf_1, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 2) * bs + x * 16, sumf_2, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 3) * bs + x * 16, sumf_3, 16);
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemm_q4_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_Kx16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            // 4x16 Accumulators
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
             for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
-                            }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_0 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_3 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+
+                // Load `dmin`.
+                const vfloat32m2_t dmins = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(__riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].dmin, 16), 16);
+
+                // We process 4 sub-blocks at once.
+                for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 128; j++) {
+                    // Extract the scales and the mins.
+                    //
+                    // Low bits.
+                    vuint8m2_t scales_mins_lo = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(&b_ptr[l].scales[j * 64], 64);
+                    vuint8m2_t scales_lo = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_lo, 0x0F, 64);
+                    vuint8m2_t mins_lo = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_lo, 4, 64);
+
+                    // High bits.
+                    vuint8m2_t scales_mins_hi = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2(&b_ptr[l].scales[128], 64);
+                    vuint8m2_t scales_hi;
+                    vuint8m2_t mins_hi;
+                    if (!j) {
+                        scales_hi = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0x03, 64), 4, 64);
+                        mins_hi = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0x0C, 64), 2, 64);
+                    } else {
+                        scales_hi = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0x30, 64);
+                        mins_hi = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(scales_mins_hi, 0xC0, 64), 2, 64);
+                    }
+                    vuint16m4_t scales = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m4(__riscv_vor_vv_u8m2(scales_hi, scales_lo, 64), 64);
+                    vint16m4_t mins = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m4_i16m4(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m4(__riscv_vor_vv_u8m2(mins_hi, mins_lo, 64), 64));
+
+                    // Reduce the mins and multiply with `dmin`.
+                    //
+                    // Correct in `sumf`.
+                    vint32m2_t bsums_0 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+                    vint32m2_t bsums_1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+                    vint32m2_t bsums_2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+                    vint32m2_t bsums_3 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, 16);
+
+                    bsums_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_0,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 4],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 0), 16);
+                    bsums_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_1,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 1] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 5],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 0), 16);
+                    bsums_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_2,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 6],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 0), 16);
+                    bsums_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_3,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 3] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 7],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 0), 16);
+                    bsums_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_0,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8 + 4],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 1), 16);
+                    bsums_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_1,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8 + 1] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8 + 5],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 1), 16);
+                    bsums_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_2,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8 + 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8 + 6],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 1), 16);
+                    bsums_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_3,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8 + 3] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 8 + 7],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 1), 16);
+                    bsums_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_0,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16 + 4],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 2), 16);
+                    bsums_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_1,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16 + 1] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16 + 5],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 2), 16);
+                    bsums_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_2,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16 + 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16 + 6],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 2), 16);
+                    bsums_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_3,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16 + 3] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 16 + 7],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 2), 16);
+                    bsums_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_0,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 0] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 4],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 3), 16);
+                    bsums_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_1,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 1] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 5],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 3), 16);
+                    bsums_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_2,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 6],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 3), 16);
+                    bsums_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(bsums_3,
+                                a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 3] + a_ptr[l].bsums[j * 32 + 24 + 7],
+                                __riscv_vget_v_i16m4_i16m1(mins, 3), 16);
+
+                    const vfloat32m2_t dmins_d_0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(dmins, a_ptr[l].d[0], 16);
+                    const vfloat32m2_t dmins_d_1 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(dmins, a_ptr[l].d[1], 16);
+                    const vfloat32m2_t dmins_d_2 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(dmins, a_ptr[l].d[2], 16);
+                    const vfloat32m2_t dmins_d_3 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(dmins, a_ptr[l].d[3], 16);
+
+                    sumf_0 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(sumf_0, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(dmins_d_0, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(bsums_0, 16), 16), 16);
+                    sumf_1 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(sumf_1, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(dmins_d_1, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(bsums_1, 16), 16), 16);
+                    sumf_2 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(sumf_2, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(dmins_d_2, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(bsums_2, 16), 16), 16);
+                    sumf_3 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(sumf_3, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(dmins_d_3, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(bsums_3, 16), 16), 16);
+
+
+                    // Accumulation for 2 sub-blocks.
+                    //
+                    // This might overflow, so we accumulate in two steps.
+                    //
+                    // Recheck.
+                    for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
+                        // 4x16 integer accumulators
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_0_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_1_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_2_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_3_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_0_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_1_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_2_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_3_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+
+                        for (int i = k * 16; i < k * 16 + QK4_0 / 2; i++) {
+                            // Load `b_ptr`.
+                            const vuint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(&b_ptr[l].qs[j * 1024 + i * 16], 16);
+                            const vint8mf2_t b_s_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 0xF, 16));
+                            const vint8mf2_t b_s_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16));
+
+                            sumi_0_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + i * 4], b_s_0, 16);
+                            sumi_1_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_1_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + i * 4 + 1], b_s_0, 16);
+                            sumi_2_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_2_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + i * 4 + 2], b_s_0, 16);
+                            sumi_3_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_3_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + i * 4 + 3], b_s_0, 16);
+
+                            sumi_0_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 128 + i * 4], b_s_1, 16);
+                            sumi_1_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_1_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 128 + i * 4 + 1], b_s_1, 16);
+                            sumi_2_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_2_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 128 + i * 4 + 2], b_s_1, 16);
+                            sumi_3_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_3_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 128 + i * 4 + 3], b_s_1, 16);
                         }
+
+                        sumi_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_0,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 0)),
+                                    sumi_0_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_0,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 1)),
+                                    sumi_0_s_1_16, 16);
+                        sumi_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_1,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 0)),
+                                    sumi_1_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_1,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 1)),
+                                    sumi_1_s_1_16, 16);
+                        sumi_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_2,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 0)),
+                                    sumi_2_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_2,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 1)),
+                                    sumi_2_s_1_16, 16);
+                        sumi_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_3,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 0)),
+                                    sumi_3_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_3,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 1)),
+                                    sumi_3_s_1_16, 16);
                     }
+                    // Accumulation for 2 sub-blocks.
+                    //
+                    // This might overflow, so we accumulate in two steps.
+                    //
+                    // Recheck.
+                    for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
+                        // 4x16 integer accumulators
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_0_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_1_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_2_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_3_s_0_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_0_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_1_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_2_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+                        vint16m1_t sumi_3_s_1_16 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0.0f, 16);
+
+                        for (int i = k * 16; i < k * 16 + QK4_0 / 2; i++) {
+                            // Load `b_ptr`.
+                            const vuint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(&b_ptr[l].qs[j * 1024 + 512 + i * 16], 16);
+                            const vint8mf2_t b_s_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 0xF, 16));
+                            const vint8mf2_t b_s_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16));
+
+                            sumi_0_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 256 + i * 4], b_s_0, 16);
+                            sumi_1_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_1_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 256 + i * 4 + 1], b_s_0, 16);
+                            sumi_2_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_2_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 256 + i * 4 + 2], b_s_0, 16);
+                            sumi_3_s_0_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_3_s_0_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 256 + i * 4 + 3], b_s_0, 16);
+
+                            sumi_0_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_0_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 384 + i * 4], b_s_1, 16);
+                            sumi_1_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_1_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 384 + i * 4 + 1], b_s_1, 16);
+                            sumi_2_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_2_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 384 + i * 4 + 2], b_s_1, 16);
+                            sumi_3_s_1_16 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i16m1(sumi_3_s_1_16, a_ptr[l].qs[j * 512 + 384 + i * 4 + 3], b_s_1, 16);
+                        }
+
+                        sumi_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_0,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 2)),
+                                    sumi_0_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_0,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 3)),
+                                    sumi_0_s_1_16, 16);
+                        sumi_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_1,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 2)),
+                                    sumi_1_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_1,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 3)),
+                                    sumi_1_s_1_16, 16);
+                        sumi_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_2,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 2)),
+                                    sumi_2_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_2,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 3)),
+                                    sumi_2_s_1_16, 16);
+                        sumi_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_3,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 2)),
+                                    sumi_3_s_0_16, 16);
+                        sumi_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vv_i32m2(sumi_3,
+                                    __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vget_v_u16m4_u16m1(scales, 3)),
+                                    sumi_3_s_1_16, 16);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                const vfloat32m2_t b_d = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(__riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].d, 16), 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, a_ptr[l].d[0], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_1 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, a_ptr[l].d[1], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_2 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, a_ptr[l].d[2], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_3 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, a_ptr[l].d[3], 16);
+
+                sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_0, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_0, 16), d_0, 16);
+                sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_1, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_1, 16), d_1, 16);
+                sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_2, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_2, 16), d_2, 16);
+                sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_3, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_3, 16), d_3, 16);
+            }
+
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 0) * bs + x * 16, sumf_0, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 1) * bs + x * 16, sumf_1, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 2) * bs + x * 16, sumf_2, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 3) * bs + x * 16, sumf_3, 16);
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemm_q4_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    const vint8mf2_t values = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(kvalues_iq4nl, 16);
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_iq4_nlx16 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            // 4x16 Accumulators
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                // 4x16 integer accumulators
+                vint32m2_t sumi_0 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_3 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+                // Accumulation loop.
+                for (int i = 0; i < QK4_NL / 2; i++) {
+                    // Load `b_ptr`.
+                    const vuint8mf2_t b_0_packed = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2((const uint8_t *)&b_ptr[l].qs[i * 16], 16);
+                    const vint8mf2_t b_0_lo = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 0xf, 16), 16);
+                    const vint8mf2_t b_0_hi = __riscv_vrgather_vv_i8mf2(values, __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(b_0_packed, 4, 16), 16);
+                    // const vint16m1_t b_0_lo_16 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(b_0_lo, 16);
+                    // const vint16m1_t b_0_hi_16 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(b_0_hi, 16);
+
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_0_lo = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_lo, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4], 16);
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_1_lo = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_lo, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 1], 16);
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_2_lo = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_lo, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 2], 16);
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_3_lo = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_lo, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 3], 16);
+
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_0_hi = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_hi, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4], 16);
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_1_hi = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_hi, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4 + 1], 16);
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_2_hi = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_hi, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4 + 2], 16);
+                    const vint16m1_t sumi_3_hi = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0_hi, a_ptr[l].qs[64 + i * 4 + 3], 16);
+
+                    sumi_0 = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_0, __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_0_lo, sumi_0_hi, 16), 16);
+                    sumi_1 = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_1, __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_1_lo, sumi_1_hi, 16), 16);
+                    sumi_2 = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_2, __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_2_lo, sumi_2_hi, 16), 16);
+                    sumi_3 = __riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_3, __riscv_vwadd_vv_i32m2(sumi_3_lo, sumi_3_hi, 16), 16);
                 }
+
+                const vfloat16m1_t b_d = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].d, 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[0], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_1 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[1], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_2 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[2], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_3 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[3], 16);
+
+                sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_0, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_0, 16), d_0, 16);
+                sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_1, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_1, 16), d_1, 16);
+                sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_2, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_2, 16), d_2, 16);
+                sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_3, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_3, 16), d_3, 16);
             }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 0) * bs + x * 16, sumf_0, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 1) * bs + x * 16, sumf_1, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 2) * bs + x * 16, sumf_2, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 3) * bs + x * 16, sumf_3, 16);
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q8_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            // 4x16 Accumulators
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+            vfloat32m2_t sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                // 4x16 Integer Accumulators
+                vint32m2_t sumi_0 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+                vint32m2_t sumi_3 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0.0f, 16);
+
+                // Accumulation loop.
+                for (int i = 0; i < QK8_0; i++) {
+                    // Load `b_ptr`.
+                    const vint8mf2_t b_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2((const int8_t *)&b_ptr[l].qs[i * 16], 16);
+                    // const vint16m1_t b_0_16 = __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m1(b_0, 16);
+
+                    sumi_0 = __riscv_vwadd_wv_i32m2(sumi_0, __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 0], 16), 16);
+                    sumi_1 = __riscv_vwadd_wv_i32m2(sumi_1, __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 1], 16), 16);
+                    sumi_2 = __riscv_vwadd_wv_i32m2(sumi_2, __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 2], 16), 16);
+                    sumi_3 = __riscv_vwadd_wv_i32m2(sumi_3, __riscv_vwmul_vx_i16m1(b_0, a_ptr[l].qs[i * 4 + 3], 16), 16);
+                }
+
+                const vfloat16m1_t b_d = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16 *)b_ptr[l].d, 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_0 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[0], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_1 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[1], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_2 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[2], 16);
+                const vfloat32m2_t d_3 = __riscv_vfwmul_vf_f32m2(b_d, *(const _Float16 *)&a_ptr[l].d[3], 16);
+
+                sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_0, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_0, 16), d_0, 16);
+                sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_1, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_1, 16), d_1, 16);
+                sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_2, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_2, 16), d_2, 16);
+                sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(sumf_3, __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(sumi_3, 16), d_3, 16);
             }
+
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 0) * bs + x * 16, sumf_0, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 1) * bs + x * 16, sumf_1, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 2) * bs + x * 16, sumf_2, 16);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (y * 4 + 3) * bs + x * 16, sumf_3, 16);
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+#endif
+    ggml_gemm_q8_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    const int num_k_blocks = n / QK_K;
+    const int N_ROWS_TILE = 4;
+    const int N_COLS_TILE = 16;
+    assert(nr % N_ROWS_TILE == 0);
+    assert(nc % N_COLS_TILE == 0);
+
+    const size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(N_COLS_TILE);
+    // --- Tiling Loops ---
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+    for (int row_tile = 0; row_tile < nr; row_tile += N_ROWS_TILE) {
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+        for (int col_tile = 0; col_tile < nc; col_tile += N_COLS_TILE) {
+            // Base Pointers
+            const block_q8_Kx4* lhs_base_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4*)vy + (row_tile / N_ROWS_TILE) * num_k_blocks;
+            const block_q2_Kx16* rhs_base_ptr = (const block_q2_Kx16*)vx + (col_tile / N_COLS_TILE) * num_k_blocks;
+
+            // Persistent Float Accumulators
+            vfloat32m2_t v_sumf_0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, vl);
+            vfloat32m2_t v_sumf_1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, vl);
+            vfloat32m2_t v_sumf_2 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, vl);
+            vfloat32m2_t v_sumf_3 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0.0f, vl);
+
+            // --- Super-Block Loop (K=0..255) ---
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+            for (int k_block = 0; k_block < num_k_blocks; ++k_block) {
+                const block_q8_Kx4* lhs_current = &lhs_base_ptr[k_block];
+                const block_q2_Kx16* rhs_current = &rhs_base_ptr[k_block];
+
+                // 1. Load Global Min Scales (Keep as F16/LMUL=1 to save registers)
+                vfloat16m1_t v_g_min_f16 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16*)rhs_current->dmin, vl);
+                vfloat32m2_t v_g_min_base = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(v_g_min_f16, vl);
+
+                // 2. Initialize Integer Accumulators
+                vint32m2_t v_isum_0 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, vl);
+                vint32m2_t v_isum_1 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, vl);
+                vint32m2_t v_isum_2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, vl);
+                vint32m2_t v_isum_3 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m2(0, vl);
+
+                const uint8_t* rhs_qs_ptr = rhs_current->qs;
+                const uint8_t* rhs_sc_ptr = rhs_current->scales;
+                const int8_t*  lhs_qs_ptr = lhs_current->qs;
+
+                // --- Phase Loop (4 phases x 64 elements) ---
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+                for (int phase = 0; phase < 4; ++phase) {
+
+                    // A. Load Scales/Mins for the 4 interleaved sub-blocks
+                    vuint16m1_t v_d_sb_0, v_d_sb_1, v_d_sb_2, v_d_sb_3;
+                    vuint16m1_t v_m_sb_0, v_m_sb_1, v_m_sb_2, v_m_sb_3;
+
+                    // Unrolled Load Logic
+                    {
+                        vuint8mf2_t v_raw;
+                        // Sub-block 0
+                        v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 0, vl);
+                        v_d_sb_0 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                        v_m_sb_0 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                        // Sub-block 1
+                        v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 16, vl);
+                        v_d_sb_1 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                        v_m_sb_1 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                        // Sub-block 2
+                        v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 32, vl);
+                        v_d_sb_2 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                        v_m_sb_2 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                        // Sub-block 3
+                        v_raw = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_sc_ptr + 48, vl);
+                        v_d_sb_3 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 0xF, vl), vl);
+                        v_m_sb_3 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_raw, 4, vl), vl);
+
+                        rhs_sc_ptr += 64;
+                    }
+
+                    int base_k_phase = (phase < 2) ? (phase * 16) : (128 + (phase-2)*16);
+                    int k_offsets[4] = {0, 32, 64, 96};
+
+                    // B. Inner Dot Product Loop
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+                    for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
+                        vuint8mf2_t v_rhs_data = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(rhs_qs_ptr, vl);
+                        rhs_qs_ptr += 16;
+
+                        // Unroll over 4 sub-blocks (0, 1, 2, 3 relative to phase)
+
+                        // --- Sub-block 0 ---
+                        {
+                            vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 3, vl);
+                            vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_0), vl);
+
+                            const int8_t* q8 = &lhs_qs_ptr[(base_k_phase + k_offsets[0] + l) * 4];
+                            v_isum_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_0, (int16_t)q8[0], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_1, (int16_t)q8[1], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_2, (int16_t)q8[2], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_3, (int16_t)q8[3], v_w, vl);
+                        }
+                        // --- Sub-block 1 ---
+                        {
+                            vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 2, vl), 3, vl);
+                            vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_1), vl);
+
+                            const int8_t* q8 = &lhs_qs_ptr[(base_k_phase + k_offsets[1] + l) * 4];
+                            v_isum_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_0, (int16_t)q8[0], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_1, (int16_t)q8[1], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_2, (int16_t)q8[2], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_3, (int16_t)q8[3], v_w, vl);
+                        }
+                        // --- Sub-block 2 ---
+                        {
+                            vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 4, vl), 3, vl);
+                            vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_2), vl);
+
+                            const int8_t* q8 = &lhs_qs_ptr[(base_k_phase + k_offsets[2] + l) * 4];
+                            v_isum_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_0, (int16_t)q8[0], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_1, (int16_t)q8[1], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_2, (int16_t)q8[2], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_3, (int16_t)q8[3], v_w, vl);
+                        }
+                        // --- Sub-block 3 ---
+                        {
+                            vuint8mf2_t v_q2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(v_rhs_data, 6, vl), 3, vl);
+                            vint16m1_t v_w = __riscv_vmul_vv_i16m1(
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(v_q2, vl)),
+                                __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_d_sb_3), vl);
+
+                            const int8_t* q8 = &lhs_qs_ptr[(base_k_phase + k_offsets[3] + l) * 4];
+                            v_isum_0 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_0, (int16_t)q8[0], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_1 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_1, (int16_t)q8[1], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_2 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_2, (int16_t)q8[2], v_w, vl);
+                            v_isum_3 = __riscv_vwmacc_vx_i32m2(v_isum_3, (int16_t)q8[3], v_w, vl);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // C CORRECTION
+                    int sb_base_abs = base_k_phase / 16;
+
+                    // --- Correction Sub-block 0 ---
+                    {
+                        int sb_abs = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[0] / 16);
+                        vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_0);
+
+                        // Row 0
+                        vfloat32m2_t v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[0], vl);
+                        vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 0], vl);
+                        vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_0 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_0, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        // Row 1
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[1], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 1], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_1 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_1, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        // Row 2
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[2], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 2], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_2 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_2, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        // Row 3
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[3], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 3], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_3 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_3, vf_c, vl);
+                    }
+
+                    // --- Correction Sub-block 1 ---
+                    {
+                        int sb_abs = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[1] / 16);
+                        vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_1);
+
+                        vfloat32m2_t v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[0], vl);
+                        vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 0], vl);
+                        vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_0 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_0, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[1], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 1], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_1 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_1, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[2], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 2], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_2 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_2, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[3], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 3], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_3 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_3, vf_c, vl);
+                    }
+
+                    // --- Correction Sub-block 2 ---
+                    {
+                        int sb_abs = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[2] / 16);
+                        vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_2);
+
+                        vfloat32m2_t v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[0], vl);
+                        vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 0], vl);
+                        vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_0 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_0, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[1], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 1], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_1 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_1, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[2], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 2], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_2 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_2, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[3], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 3], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_3 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_3, vf_c, vl);
+                    }
+
+                    // --- Correction Sub-block 3 ---
+                    {
+                        int sb_abs = sb_base_abs + (k_offsets[3] / 16);
+                        vint16m1_t v_min = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(v_m_sb_3);
+
+                        vfloat32m2_t v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[0], vl);
+                        vint32m2_t v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 0], vl);
+                        vfloat32m2_t vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_0 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_0, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[1], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 1], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_1 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_1, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[2], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 2], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_2 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_2, vf_c, vl);
+
+                        v_g_min = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_min_base, lhs_current->d[3], vl);
+                        v_c = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(v_min, lhs_current->bsums[sb_abs * 4 + 3], vl);
+                        vf_c = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_c, vl), v_g_min, vl);
+                        v_sumf_3 = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_3, vf_c, vl);
+                    }
+
+                } // End Phase Loop
+
+                // --- Apply Main Scales ---
+                vfloat16m1_t v_g_all_f16 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((const _Float16*)rhs_current->d, vl);
+                vfloat32m2_t v_g_all_base = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(v_g_all_f16, vl);
+
+                {
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_g_all = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_all_base, lhs_current->d[0], vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_sum = __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_isum_0, vl);
+                    v_sum = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(v_sum, v_g_all, vl);
+                    v_sumf_0 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_0, v_sum, vl);
+                }
+                // Row 1
+                {
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_g_all = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_all_base, lhs_current->d[1], vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_sum = __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_isum_1, vl);
+                    v_sum = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(v_sum, v_g_all, vl);
+                    v_sumf_1 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_1, v_sum, vl);
+                }
+                // Row 2
+                {
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_g_all = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_all_base, lhs_current->d[2], vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_sum = __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_isum_2, vl);
+                    v_sum = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(v_sum, v_g_all, vl);
+                    v_sumf_2 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_2, v_sum, vl);
+                }
+                // Row 3
+                {
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_g_all = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(v_g_all_base, lhs_current->d[3], vl);
+                    vfloat32m2_t v_sum = __riscv_vfcvt_f_x_v_f32m2(v_isum_3, vl);
+                    v_sum = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(v_sum, v_g_all, vl);
+                    v_sumf_3 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m2(v_sumf_3, v_sum, vl);
+                }
+
+            } // End K-Block
+
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (row_tile + 0) * bs + col_tile, v_sumf_0, vl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (row_tile + 1) * bs + col_tile, v_sumf_1, vl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (row_tile + 2) * bs + col_tile, v_sumf_2, vl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(s + (row_tile + 3) * bs + col_tile, v_sumf_3, vl);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/cpu-feats.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/cpu-feats.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5f4405a7f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/cpu-feats.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#if defined(__s390x__)
+#include <sys/auxv.h>
+
+// find hwcap bits in asm/elf.h
+#ifndef HWCAP_VXRS_EXT2
+#define HWCAP_VXRS_EXT2 (1 << 15)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HWCAP_NNPA
+#define HWCAP_NNPA (1 << 20)
+#endif
+
+struct s390x_features {
+    bool has_vxe2 = false;
+    bool has_nnpa = false;
+
+    s390x_features() {
+        uint32_t hwcap = getauxval(AT_HWCAP);
+        // NOTE: use hwcap2 with DFLT for z17 and later
+        // uint32_t hwcap2 = getauxval(AT_HWCAP2);
+
+        has_vxe2 = !!(hwcap & HWCAP_VXRS_EXT2);
+        has_nnpa = !!(hwcap & HWCAP_NNPA);
+    }
+};
+
+static int ggml_backend_cpu_s390x_score() {
+    int score = 1;
+    s390x_features sf;
+
+// IBM z15 / LinuxONE 3
+#ifdef GGML_USE_VXE2
+    if (!sf.has_vxe2) { return 0; }
+    score += 1 << 1;
+#endif
+
+// IBM z16 / LinuxONE 4 and z17 / LinuxONE 5
+#ifdef GGML_USE_NNPA
+    if (!sf.has_nnpa) { return 0; }
+    score += 1 << 2;
+#endif
+
+    return score;
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_SCORE_IMPL(ggml_backend_cpu_s390x_score)
+
+#endif  // __s390x__
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c
index 26bd9087571..34184ed8510 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include "../../quants.h"
 #include "../../ggml-cpu-impl.h"
@@ -22,6 +23,27 @@
 
 #define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
 
+#if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+#define B1(c,s,n)  0x ## n ## c ,  0x ## n ## s
+#define B2(c,s,n) B1(c,s,n ## c), B1(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B3(c,s,n) B2(c,s,n ## c), B2(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B4(c,s,n) B3(c,s,n ## c), B3(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B5(c,s,n) B4(c,s,n ## c), B4(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B6(c,s,n) B5(c,s,n ## c), B5(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B7(c,s,n) B6(c,s,n ## c), B6(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B8(c,s  ) B7(c,s,     c), B7(c,s,     s)
+
+// precomputed tables for expanding 8bits to 8 bytes:
+static const __attribute__((aligned(16))) uint64_t table_b2b_0[1 << 8] = { B8(00, 10) }; // ( b ) << 4
+static const __attribute__((aligned(16))) uint64_t table_b2b_1[1 << 8] = { B8(10, 00) }; // (!b) << 4
+
+// permute mask for byteswapping
+static const uint8x16_t v_kperm = (const uint8x16_t){
+     7,  6,  5,  4,  3,  2, 1, 0,
+    15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8
+};
+#endif
+
 void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
     assert(QK8_0 == 32);
     assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
@@ -31,9 +53,9 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        __vector float srcv [8];
-        __vector float asrcv[8];
-        __vector float amaxv[8];
+        float32x4_t srcv [8];
+        float32x4_t asrcv[8];
+        float32x4_t amaxv[8];
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = vec_xl(0, x + i*32 + 4*j);
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vec_abs(srcv[j]);
@@ -49,11 +71,12 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            const __vector float v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
-            const __vector int32_t vi = vec_signed(v);
+            const float32x4_t v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
+            /* Uses non-default rounding for vec_signed or vec_round */
+            const int32x4_t vi = vec_signed(__builtin_s390_vfisb(v, 4, 1));
 
             y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vec_extract(vi, 0);
             y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vec_extract(vi, 1);
@@ -76,9 +99,9 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        __vector float srcv [8];
-        __vector float asrcv[8];
-        __vector float amaxv[8];
+        float32x4_t srcv [8];
+        float32x4_t asrcv[8];
+        float32x4_t amaxv[8];
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = vec_xl(0, x + i*32 + 4*j);
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vec_abs(srcv[j]);
@@ -94,13 +117,14 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
-        __vector int32_t acc = vec_splats(0);
+        int32x4_t acc = vec_splats(0);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            const __vector float v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
-            const __vector int32_t vi = vec_signed(v);
+            const float32x4_t v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
+            /* Uses non-default rounding for vec_signed or vec_round */
+            const int32x4_t vi = vec_signed(__builtin_s390_vfisb(v, 4, 1));
 
             y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vec_extract(vi, 0);
             y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vec_extract(vi, 1);
@@ -110,7 +134,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
             acc = vec_add(acc, vi);
         }
 
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * (acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3]));
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d * (acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3]));
     }
 #else
     GGML_UNUSED(nb);
@@ -140,55 +164,45 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
-    __vector float acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
-    const __vector uint8_t v_m = vec_splats((const uint8_t)0x0F);
-    const __vector int8_t  v_s = vec_splats( (const int8_t)0x08);
+    const uint8x16_t v_m = vec_splats((const uint8_t)0x0F);
+    const int8x16_t  v_s = vec_splats( (const int8_t)0x08);
 
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const __vector uint8_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x[ib].qs);
-        const __vector int8_t v_xl = (const __vector int8_t)(v_x & v_m);
-        const __vector int8_t v_xh = (const __vector int8_t)(v_x >> 4);
+        const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x[ib].qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_xl = (const int8x16_t)(v_x & v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_xh = (const int8x16_t)(v_x >> 4);
 
-        const __vector int8_t v_xls = vec_sub(v_xl, v_s);
-        const __vector int8_t v_xhs = vec_sub(v_xh, v_s);
+        const int8x16_t v_xls = vec_sub(v_xl, v_s);
+        const int8x16_t v_xhs = vec_sub(v_xh, v_s);
 
-        const __vector int8_t v_yl = vec_xl(0      , y[ib].qs);
-        const __vector int8_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y[ib].qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yl = vec_xl(0      , y[ib].qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y[ib].qs);
 
-        const __vector int16_t v_xylso = vec_mulo(v_xls, v_yl);
-        const __vector int16_t v_xylse = vec_mule(v_xls, v_yl);
-        const __vector int16_t v_xyhso = vec_mulo(v_xhs, v_yh);
-        const __vector int16_t v_xyhse = vec_mule(v_xhs, v_yh);
+        const int16x8_t v_xylso = vec_mulo(v_xls, v_yl);
+        const int16x8_t v_xyl = vec_meadd(v_xls, v_yl, v_xylso);
+        const int16x8_t v_xyhso = vec_mulo(v_xhs, v_yh);
+        const int16x8_t v_xyh = vec_meadd(v_xhs, v_yh, v_xyhso);
 
-        __vector int16_t v_xy_ = v_xylso + v_xylse + v_xyhso + v_xyhse; v_xy_ += vec_reve(v_xy_);
+        int16x8_t v_xy_ = v_xyl + v_xyh; v_xy_ += vec_reve(v_xy_);
 
-        const __vector float v_xy = vec_float(vec_unpackh(v_xy_));
-        const __vector float v_d = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const float32x4_t v_xy = vec_float(vec_unpackh(v_xy_));
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
 
         acc = vec_madd(v_xy, v_d, acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3];
-
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) - 8;
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) - 8;
-
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
-    }
-
+    sumf = vec_hsum_f32x4(acc);
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -219,7 +233,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
         __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
 
         const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x[ib].qs);
         const int8x16_t v_xl = (const int8x16_t)(v_x & v_m);
@@ -231,31 +245,411 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int32x4_t v_xy_ = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xl, v_yl), v_xh, v_yh);
         const float32x4_t v_xy = vec_float(v_xy_);
 
-        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
 
         acc = vec_madd(v_xy, v_d, acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3] + summs;
+    sumf = vec_hsum_f32x4(acc) + summs;
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const int qk = QK_MXFP4;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0  * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+#if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+    const int8x16_t  v_k = vec_xl(0, kvalues_mxfp4);
+    const uint8x16_t v_m = vec_splats((const uint8_t)0x0F);
+
+    float32x4_t v_acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 8
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib + 0];
+        const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = &x[ib + 1];
+        const block_q8_0  * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib + 0];
+        const block_q8_0  * GGML_RESTRICT y1 = &y[ib + 1];
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x0 = vec_xl(0, x0->qs);
+        const uint8x16_t v_x1 = vec_xl(0, x1->qs);
+
+        int8x16_t v_x0l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x0, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_x0h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x0, 4);
+        int8x16_t v_x1l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x1, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_x1h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x1, 4);
+
+        v_x0l = vec_perm(v_k, v_k, (uchar8x16_t)v_x0l);
+        v_x0h = vec_perm(v_k, v_k, (uchar8x16_t)v_x0h);
+        v_x1l = vec_perm(v_k, v_k, (uchar8x16_t)v_x1l);
+        v_x1h = vec_perm(v_k, v_k, (uchar8x16_t)v_x1h);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_y0l = vec_xl(0,       y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y0h = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1l = vec_xl(0,       y1->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1h = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y1->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy0 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x0l, v_y0l), v_x0h, v_y0h);
+        const int32x4_t v_xy1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x1l, v_y1l), v_x1h, v_y1h);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_xy0f = vec_float(v_xy0);
+        const float32x4_t v_xy1f = vec_float(v_xy1);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d0 = vec_splats(GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x0->e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_d1 = vec_splats(GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x1->e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+
+        v_acc = vec_madd(v_xy0f, v_d0, v_acc);
+        v_acc = vec_madd(v_xy1f, v_d1, v_acc);
+    }
+
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib + 0];
+        const block_q8_0  * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib + 0];
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x0->qs);
+
+        int8x16_t v_xl = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_xh = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x, 4);
+
+        v_xl = vec_perm(v_k, v_k, (uchar8x16_t)v_xl);
+        v_xh = vec_perm(v_k, v_k, (uchar8x16_t)v_xh);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_yl = vec_xl(0,       y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y0->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xl, v_yl), v_xh, v_yh);
+        const float32x4_t v_xyf = vec_float(v_xy);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x0->e) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        v_acc = vec_madd(v_xyf, v_d, v_acc);
+    }
 
+    sumf = vec_hsum_f32x4(v_acc);
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(qk == QK5_0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+#if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+    float32x4_t v_sum0 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t v_sum1 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+
+    uint32_t qh0, qh1;
+    uint64_t tmp0[4], tmp1[4];
+
+    const uint8x16_t v_m = vec_splats((uint8_t)0x0F);
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib + 0];
+        const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = &x[ib + 1];
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib + 0];
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y1 = &y[ib + 1];
+
+        memcpy(&qh0, x0->qh, sizeof(qh0));
+        memcpy(&qh1, x1->qh, sizeof(qh1));
+
+        tmp0[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >> 24)       ];
+
+        tmp1[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qh0l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh0h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 2));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qh0l = vec_perm(v_qh0l, v_qh0l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh0h = vec_perm(v_qh0h, v_qh0h, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1l = vec_perm(v_qh1l, v_qh1l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1h = vec_perm(v_qh1h, v_qh1h, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x0 = vec_xl(0, (const uint8_t *)x0->qs);
+        const uint8x16_t v_x1 = vec_xl(0, (const uint8_t *)x1->qs);
+
+        int8x16_t v_x0l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x0, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_x0h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x0, 4);
+        int8x16_t v_x1l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x1, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_x1h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x1, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_x0lf = vec_sub(v_x0l, v_qh0l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x0hf = vec_sub(v_x0h, v_qh0h);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1lf = vec_sub(v_x1l, v_qh1l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1hf = vec_sub(v_x1h, v_qh1h);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_y0l = vec_xl(0,       (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y0h = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1l = vec_xl(0,       (const int8_t *)y1->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1h = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, (const int8_t *)y1->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy0 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x0lf, v_y0l), v_x0hf, v_y0h);
+        const int32x4_t v_xy1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x1lf, v_y1l), v_x1hf, v_y1h);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_xy0f = vec_float(v_xy0);
+        const float32x4_t v_xy1f = vec_float(v_xy1);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d0 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_d1 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+
+        v_sum0 = vec_madd(v_xy0f, v_d0, v_sum0);
+        v_sum1 = vec_madd(v_xy1f, v_d1, v_sum1);
+    }
+
+    sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum0) + vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum1);
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
+        const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib];
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib];
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F);
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4);
+        uint32_t qh;
+        memcpy(&qh, x0->qh, sizeof(qh));
 
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
+        uint64_t tmp[4];
+        tmp[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qhl = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qhh = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qhl = vec_perm(v_qhl, v_qhl, v_kperm);
+        v_qhh = vec_perm(v_qhh, v_qhh, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, (const uint8_t *)x0->qs);
+        int8x16_t v_xl = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_xh = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_xlf = vec_sub(v_xl, v_qhl);
+        const int8x16_t v_xhf = vec_sub(v_xh, v_qhh);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_yl = vec_xl(0,       (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xlf, v_yl), v_xhf, v_yh);
+        const float32x4_t v_xyf = vec_float(v_xy);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_acc = vec_madd(v_xyf, v_d, vec_splats(0.0f));
+
+        sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_acc);
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_1;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(qk == QK5_1);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+#if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+    float32x4_t v_sum0 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t v_sum1 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+
+    float summs0 = 0.0f;
+    float summs1 = 0.0f;
 
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+    uint32_t qh0;
+    uint32_t qh1;
+
+    uint64_t tmp0[4];
+    uint64_t tmp1[4];
+
+    const uint8x16_t v_m = vec_splats((uint8_t)0x0F);
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib + 0];
+        const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = &x[ib + 1];
+        const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib + 0];
+        const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y1 = &y[ib + 1];
+
+        summs0 += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
+        summs1 += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);
+
+        memcpy(&qh0, x0->qh, sizeof(qh0));
+        memcpy(&qh1, x1->qh, sizeof(qh1));
+
+        tmp0[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >> 24)       ];
+
+        tmp1[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qh0l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh0h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 2));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qh0l = vec_perm(v_qh0l, v_qh0l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh0h = vec_perm(v_qh0h, v_qh0h, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1l = vec_perm(v_qh1l, v_qh1l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1h = vec_perm(v_qh1h, v_qh1h, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x0 = vec_xl(0, x0->qs);
+        const uint8x16_t v_x1 = vec_xl(0, x1->qs);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_x0l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x0, v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_x0h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x0, 4);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x1, v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x1, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_x0lf = vec_or(v_x0l, v_qh0l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x0hf = vec_or(v_x0h, v_qh0h);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1lf = vec_or(v_x1l, v_qh1l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1hf = vec_or(v_x1h, v_qh1h);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_y0l = vec_xl(0      , y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y0h = vec_xl(QK8_1/2, y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1l = vec_xl(0      , y1->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1h = vec_xl(QK8_1/2, y1->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy0 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x0lf, v_y0l), v_x0hf, v_y0h);
+        const int32x4_t v_xy1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x1lf, v_y1l), v_x1hf, v_y1h);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_xy0f = vec_float(v_xy0);
+        const float32x4_t v_xy1f = vec_float(v_xy1);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d0 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_d1 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+
+        v_sum0 = vec_madd(v_xy0f, v_d0, v_sum0);
+        v_sum1 = vec_madd(v_xy1f, v_d1, v_sum1);
+    }
+
+    sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum0) + vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum1) + summs0 + summs1;
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib];
+        const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib];
+
+        float summs = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
+
+        uint32_t qh;
+        memcpy(&qh, x0->qh, sizeof(qh));
+
+        uint64_t tmp[4];
+        tmp[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qhl = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qhh = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qhl = vec_perm(v_qhl, v_qhl, v_kperm);
+        v_qhh = vec_perm(v_qhh, v_qhh, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_xl = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x, v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_xh = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_xlf = vec_or(v_xl, v_qhl);
+        const int8x16_t v_xhf = vec_or(v_xh, v_qhh);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_yl = vec_xl(0      , y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_1/2, y0->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xlf, v_yl), v_xhf, v_yh);
+        const float32x4_t v_xyf = vec_float(v_xy);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_acc = vec_madd(v_xyf, v_d, v_acc);
+
+        sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_acc) + summs;
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -276,7 +670,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
-    __vector float acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
 #pragma GCC unroll 8
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
@@ -290,25 +684,22 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
         const int32x4_t v_xy_ = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xl, v_yl), v_xh, v_yh);
         const float32x4_t v_xy = vec_float(v_xy_);
-        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
 
         acc = vec_madd(v_xy, v_d, acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3];
-
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
-            sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
-        }
-
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
-    }
+    sumf = vec_hsum_f32x4(acc);
 
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -342,13 +733,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     uint8x16_t q3h[4];
     uint8x16_t q3b[2];
     int8x16_t q3bytes[4];
-    int8x16_t q8bytes[4];
+    int8x16_t q8bytes[8];
     uint8x16_t qhbits[2];
 
     float sum = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * restrict x0l = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * restrict x0h = x[i].hmask;
@@ -422,10 +813,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             isum2 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q3bytes[2], q8bytes[6]);
             isum3 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q3bytes[3], q8bytes[7]);
 
-            isum += (isum0[0] + isum0[1] + isum0[2] + isum0[3]) * scale[0];
-            isum += (isum1[0] + isum1[1] + isum1[2] + isum1[3]) * scale[1];
-            isum += (isum2[0] + isum2[1] + isum2[2] + isum2[3]) * scale[2];
-            isum += (isum3[0] + isum3[1] + isum3[2] + isum3[3]) * scale[3];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum0) * scale[0];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum1) * scale[1];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum2) * scale[2];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum3) * scale[3];
 
             scale += 4;
 
@@ -441,70 +832,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sum;
 
 #else
-    // scalar version
-    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
-    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
-    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
-    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
-    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
-    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    uint32_t auxs[4];
-    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].hmask;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q3 += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-
-        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
-        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
-        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -537,8 +871,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const int16x8_t v_ysumsl = vec_xl(0 , y[i].bsums);
         const int16x8_t v_ysumsh = vec_xl(16, y[i].bsums);
@@ -556,8 +890,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int16x8_t v_minsh = (int16x8_t)vec_unpackh((uint8x16_t)v_mins8);
 
         const int32x4_t v_minso = vec_mulo(v_ysums, v_minsh);
-        const int32x4_t v_minse = vec_mule(v_ysums, v_minsh);
-        const int32x4_t v_mins = v_minso + v_minse;
+        const int32x4_t v_mins = vec_meadd(v_ysums, v_minsh, v_minso);
         sumf -= dmin * (v_mins[0] + v_mins[1] + v_mins[2] + v_mins[3]);
 
         const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)utmp;
@@ -580,7 +913,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             v_xl[1] = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x[1], v_lm);
 
             const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, v_xl[0], v_y[0]), v_xl[1], v_y[1]);
-            sumi1 += (p1[0] + p1[1] + p1[2] + p1[3]) * scales[2*j+0];
+            sumi1 += vec_hsum_i32x4(p1) * scales[2*j+0];
 
             v_y[0] = vec_xl(0 , y0);
             v_y[1] = vec_xl(16, y0);
@@ -590,7 +923,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             v_xl[1] = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x[1], 4);
 
             const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, v_xl[0], v_y[0]), v_xl[1], v_y[1]);
-            sumi2 += (p2[0] + p2[1] + p2[2] + p2[3]) * scales[2*j+1];
+            sumi2 += vec_hsum_i32x4(p2) * scales[2*j+1];
         }
 
         sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
@@ -599,61 +932,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            a += 32;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            a += 32; q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -698,8 +984,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const int16x8_t v_ysumsl = vec_xl(0 , y[i].bsums);
         const int16x8_t v_ysumsh = vec_xl(16, y[i].bsums);
@@ -717,9 +1003,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int16x8_t v_minsh = (int16x8_t)vec_unpackh(v_mins8);
 
         const int32x4_t v_minsho = vec_mulo(v_ysums, v_minsh);
-        const int32x4_t v_minshe = vec_mule(v_ysums, v_minsh);
-        const int32x4_t v_mins = vec_add(v_minsho, v_minshe);
-        const int32_t mins = v_mins[0] + v_mins[1] + v_mins[2] + v_mins[3];
+        const int32x4_t v_mins = vec_meadd(v_ysums, v_minsh, v_minsho);
+        const int32_t mins = vec_hsum_i32x4(v_mins);
 
         const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)utmp;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT x0l = x[i].qs;
@@ -756,8 +1041,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             int32x4_t sumi0 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q5b[0], v_y[0]), q5b[1], v_y[1]);
             int32x4_t sumi1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q5b[2], v_y[2]), q5b[3], v_y[3]);
 
-            sumi += (sumi0[0] + sumi0[1] + sumi0[2] + sumi0[3]) * *scales++;
-            sumi += (sumi1[0] + sumi1[1] + sumi1[2] + sumi1[3]) * *scales++;
+            sumi += vec_hsum_i32x4(sumi0) * *scales++;
+            sumi += vec_hsum_i32x4(sumi1) * *scales++;
         }
 
         sumf += d * sumi - dmin * mins;
@@ -766,66 +1051,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -859,7 +1092,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     int8x16_t  v_y[4];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d_all = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT x0l = x[i].ql;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT x0h = x[i].qh;
@@ -875,12 +1108,12 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int16x8_t v_scaleh = vec_unpackl(v_scale);
 
         const int32x4_t v_minslo = vec_mulo(v_ysumsl, v_scalel);
-        const int32x4_t v_minsle = vec_mule(v_ysumsl, v_scalel);
+        const int32x4_t v_minsl = vec_meadd(v_ysumsl, v_scalel, v_minslo);
         const int32x4_t v_minsho = vec_mulo(v_ysumsh, v_scaleh);
-        const int32x4_t v_minshe = vec_mule(v_ysumsh, v_scaleh);
-        const int32x4_t v_mins = v_minslo + v_minsle + v_minsho + v_minshe;
+        const int32x4_t v_minsh = vec_meadd(v_ysumsh, v_scaleh, v_minsho);
+        const int32x4_t v_mins = vec_add(v_minsl, v_minsh);
 
-        const int32_t mins = v_mins[0] + v_mins[1] + v_mins[2] + v_mins[3];
+        const int32_t mins = vec_hsum_i32x4(v_mins);
 
         int32_t isum = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
@@ -920,10 +1153,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             int32x4_t summs2 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[2], v_y[2]);
             int32x4_t summs3 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[3], v_y[3]);
 
-            isum += (summs0[0] + summs0[1] + summs0[2] + summs0[3]) * scale[0] +
-                    (summs1[0] + summs1[1] + summs1[2] + summs1[3]) * scale[1] +
-                    (summs2[0] + summs2[1] + summs2[2] + summs2[3]) * scale[2] +
-                    (summs3[0] + summs3[1] + summs3[2] + summs3[3]) * scale[3];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(summs0) * scale[0] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs1) * scale[1] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs2) * scale[2] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs3) * scale[3];
 
             scale += 4;
 
@@ -954,10 +1187,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             summs2 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[2], v_y[2]);
             summs3 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[3], v_y[3]);
 
-            isum += (summs0[0] + summs0[1] + summs0[2] + summs0[3]) * scale[0] +
-                    (summs1[0] + summs1[1] + summs1[2] + summs1[3]) * scale[1] +
-                    (summs2[0] + summs2[1] + summs2[2] + summs2[3]) * scale[2] +
-                    (summs3[0] + summs3[1] + summs3[2] + summs3[3]) * scale[3];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(summs0) * scale[0] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs1) * scale[1] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs2) * scale[2] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs3) * scale[3];
 
             scale += 4;
         }
@@ -968,47 +1201,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sum;
 
 #else
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
-                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-            }
-            a  += 128;
-            q4 += 64;
-            qh += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1071,7 +1267,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 //    float sumf = 0;
 
 //    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-//        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+//        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 //        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
 //        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
@@ -1121,7 +1317,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
 //     float sumf = 0.f;
 //     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-//         const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+//         const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 //         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
 //         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 //         int32_t bsum = 0;
@@ -1182,20 +1378,18 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
         const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y0->qs);
         const int32x4_t v_xy = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xl, v_yl), v_xh, v_yh);
 
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d) * (v_xy[0] + v_xy[1] + v_xy[2] + v_xy[3]);
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d) * vec_hsum_i32x4(v_xy);
     }
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
-        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
-            sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j+       0] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
-            sumi2 += y[ib].qs[j+QK4_NL/2] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] >>  4];
-        }
-        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-    }
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -1253,47 +1447,20 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
             h >>= 4;
 
-            sumi1 += (vsumi0[0] + vsumi0[1] + vsumi0[2] + vsumi0[3]) * ls1;
-            sumi2 += (vsumi1[0] + vsumi1[1] + vsumi1[2] + vsumi1[3]) * ls2;
+            sumi1 += vec_hsum_i32x4(vsumi0) * ls1;
+            sumi2 += vec_hsum_i32x4(vsumi1) * ls2;
         }
 
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
-        const float d4d8 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
-        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
-            const uint8_t ls1 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] & 0xf) | ((h << 4) & 0x30);
-            const uint8_t ls2 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] >>  4) | ((h << 2) & 0x30);
-            h >>= 4;
-            const float d1 = d4d8*(ls1 - 32);
-            const float d2 = d4d8*(ls2 - 32);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d1 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-            sumi1 = sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d2 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-        }
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/wasm/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/wasm/quants.c
index 4ec97f533f1..74a359e6d12 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/wasm/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/wasm/quants.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include "../../quants.h"
 #include "../../ggml-cpu-impl.h"
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
             const v128_t v  = wasm_f32x4_mul(srcv[j], wasm_f32x4_splat(id));
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         v128_t accv = wasm_i32x4_splat(0);
 
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
             accv = wasm_i32x4_add(accv, vi);
         }
 
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(
                 d * (wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 0) +
                      wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 1) +
                      wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 2) +
@@ -324,8 +325,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         );
 
         // Accumulate results with scaling
-        float scale0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d);
-        float scale1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d);
+        float scale0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d);
+        float scale1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d);
 
         sumv = wasm_f32x4_add(sumv, wasm_f32x4_mul(wasm_f32x4_convert_i32x4(dp0), wasm_f32x4_splat(scale0)));
         sumv = wasm_f32x4_add(sumv, wasm_f32x4_mul(wasm_f32x4_convert_i32x4(dp1), wasm_f32x4_splat(scale1)));
@@ -348,7 +349,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        sumf += sumi*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -428,36 +429,21 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                                            wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0lfh, v1lh)),
                             wasm_i32x4_add(wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfl, v1hl),
                                            wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfh, v1hh)))),
-                    wasm_f32x4_splat(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d))));
+                    wasm_f32x4_splat(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d))));
     }
 
     sumf = wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 0) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 1) +
            wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 2) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 3);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 0 ))) >> (j + 0 )) << 4;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 16))) >> (j + 12));
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0) - 16);
-            const int32_t x1 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1) - 16);
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -491,7 +477,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib];
         const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib];
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
 
         const v128_t m4b = wasm_i8x16_splat(0x0F);
 
@@ -538,36 +524,21 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                                            wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0lfh, v1lh)),
                             wasm_i32x4_add(wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfl, v1hl),
                                            wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfh, v1hh)))),
-                    wasm_f32x4_splat(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d))));
+                    wasm_f32x4_splat(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d))));
     }
 
     sumf = wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 0) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 1) +
            wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 2) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 3) + summs;
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0xF) | xh_0;
-            const int32_t x1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>  4) | xh_1;
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -620,25 +591,22 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const v128_t sum_dots = wasm_i32x4_add(wasm_i32x4_add(dx0_0, dx0_1), wasm_i32x4_add(dx1_0, dx1_1));
 
         // Convert to float and accumulate
-        const float scale = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d);
+        const float scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d);
         sumv = wasm_f32x4_add(sumv, wasm_f32x4_mul(wasm_f32x4_convert_i32x4(sum_dots), wasm_f32x4_splat(scale)));
     }
 
     sumf = wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 0) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 1) +
            wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 2) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 3);
 
-#endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
-            sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
-        }
-
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
-    }
-
     *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -746,53 +714,18 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             isum += wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(isum_vec, 0);
         }
 
-        const float dall = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
+        const float dall = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float dmin = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
         sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-
-        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-
-        int summs = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
-        }
-
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
-
-        int isum = 0;
-        int is = 0;
-        int d;
-        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K/128; ++k) {
-            int shift = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                int isuml = 0;
-                for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                isuml = 0;
-                for (int l = 16; l < 32; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                shift += 2;
-                q8 += 32;
-            }
-            q2 += 32;
-        }
-        sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -880,7 +813,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         // Accumulate results
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const v128_t v_d = wasm_f32x4_splat(d);
         v128_t v_sum = wasm_f32x4_add(
             wasm_f32x4_mul(wasm_f32x4_convert_i32x4(v_acc0), v_d),
@@ -901,68 +834,12 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-    // scalar version
-    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
-    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
-    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
-    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
-    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
-    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    uint32_t auxs[4];
-    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].hmask;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q3 += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-
-        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
-        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
-        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 
 }
@@ -991,8 +868,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin); // Corrected sign
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin); // Corrected sign
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -1088,61 +965,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            a += 32;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            a += 32; q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1170,8 +1000,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin); // Fixed sign
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin); // Fixed sign
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q5 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -1278,66 +1108,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1420,7 +1198,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         wasm_v128_store(&aux32[0], acc0);
         wasm_v128_store(&aux32[4], acc1);
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
             sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
         }
@@ -1434,47 +1212,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = sumf;
 
 #else
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
-                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-            }
-            a  += 128;
-            q4 += 64;
-            qh += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/quants.c
index e3f722b52c9..74d699f633d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/quants.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include "../../quants.h"
 #include "../../ggml-cpu-impl.h"
@@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ static inline int hsum_i32_4(const __m128i a) {
 }
 
 #if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+static inline __m256i mul_add_epi8(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
+    const __m256i ax = _mm256_sign_epi8(x, x);
+    const __m256i sy = _mm256_sign_epi8(y, x);
+    return _mm256_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
+}
+
 // spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
 static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
     uint32_t x32;
@@ -256,9 +263,14 @@ static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_quad_float(const __m128i x_1_0, const __m128i x_
 
 // quad fp16 delta calculation
 static inline __m256 quad_fp16_delta_float(const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1) {
-    // GGML_FP16_TO_FP32 is faster than Intel F16C
-    return _mm256_set_m128(_mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1)),
-                           _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0)));
+    // GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32 is faster than Intel F16C
+    return _mm256_set_m128(_mm_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1)),
+                           _mm_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0)));
+}
+
+static inline __m256 quad_mx_delta_float(const uint8_t x0, const float y0, const uint8_t x1, const float y1) {
+    return _mm256_set_m128(_mm_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x1) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1)),
+                           _mm_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x0) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0)));
 }
 #endif
 #elif defined(__SSSE3__)
@@ -305,7 +317,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
         // Quantize these floats
         const float d = maxScalar / 127.f;
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         const float id = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / maxScalar : 0.0f;
         const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );
 
@@ -401,7 +413,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
         // Quantize these floats
         const float d = max_scalar / 127.f;
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         const float id = ( max_scalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / max_scalar : 0.0f;
         const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );
 
@@ -425,7 +437,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
 #if defined(__AVX2__)
         // Compute the sum of the quants and set y[i].s
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_8(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(i0, i1), _mm256_add_epi32(i2, i3))));
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_8(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(i0, i1), _mm256_add_epi32(i2, i3))));
 
         // Convert int32 to int16
         i0 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i0, i1 );	// 0, 1, 2, 3,  8, 9, 10, 11,  4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15
@@ -455,7 +467,7 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         // Compute the sum of the quants and set y[i].s
         const __m128i s0 = _mm_add_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(ni0, ni1), _mm_add_epi32(ni2, ni3));
         const __m128i s1 = _mm_add_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(ni4, ni5), _mm_add_epi32(ni6, ni7));
-        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_4(_mm_add_epi32(s0, s1)));
+        y[i].s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_4(_mm_add_epi32(s0, s1)));
 
         // Convert int32 to int16
         ni0 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni0, ni1 );
@@ -552,7 +564,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         /* Compute combined scale for the block */
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps( GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
 
         __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
 
@@ -613,7 +625,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         _mm_prefetch(&y[ib] + sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
 
         // Compute combined scale for the block 0 and 1
-        const __m128 d_0_1 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
+        const __m128 d_0_1 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
 
         const __m128i tmp_0_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[ib].qs);
 
@@ -631,7 +643,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         _mm_prefetch(&y[ib] + 2 * sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
 
         // Compute combined scale for the block 2 and 3
-        const __m128 d_2_3 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) );
+        const __m128 d_2_3 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) );
 
         const __m128i tmp_2_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[ib + 1].qs);
 
@@ -680,7 +692,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        sumf += sumi*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -701,7 +713,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
 
     int ib = 0;
-    float sumf = 0;
 
 #if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
     // Initialize accumulator with zeros
@@ -711,10 +722,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
-        const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        const float d0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const float d1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
 
         const __m256 d0v = _mm256_set1_ps( d0 );
         const __m256 d1v = _mm256_set1_ps( d1 );
@@ -736,25 +747,99 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 #endif
     }
 
-    sumf = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
-
+    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
+}
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const int v0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F);
-            const int v1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>   4);
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
 
-            sumi0 += (v0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (v1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
 
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+    const int nb = n / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+#if defined __AVX2__
+
+    const __m128i values128 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_mxfp4);
+    const __m128i m4b  = _mm_set1_epi8(0x0f);
+    const __m256i mone = _mm256_set1_epi16(1);
+
+    __m256 accum1 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+    __m256 accum2 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        const __m128i q4bits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[ib + 0].qs);
+        const __m128i q4bits_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[ib + 1].qs);
+        const __m256i q8b_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[ib + 0].qs);
+        const __m256i q8b_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[ib + 1].qs);
+        const __m256i q4b_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_1, 4), m4b)),
+                                              _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_1, m4b)));
+        const __m256i q4b_2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_2, 4), m4b)),
+                                              _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_2, m4b)));
+        const __m256i p16_1 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_1, q8b_1);
+        const __m256i p16_2 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_2, q8b_2);
+        const __m256i p_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_1, mone);
+        const __m256i p_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_2, mone);
+        const __m256 scale0 = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d)*GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 0].e));
+        const __m256 scale1 = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d)*GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib + 1].e));
+        accum1 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(scale0, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_1), accum1);
+        accum2 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(scale1, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_2), accum2);
+    }
+
+    sumf = hsum_float_8(_mm256_add_ps(accum1, accum2));
+
+#elif defined __AVX__
+    const __m128i values128 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_mxfp4);
+    const __m128i m4b  = _mm_set1_epi8(0x0f);
+
+    __m256 accum = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        const __m128i q4bits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[ib + 0].qs);
+        const __m128i q4bits_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[ib + 1].qs);
+        const __m128i q8b_1_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[ib + 0].qs);
+        const __m128i q8b_1_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[ib + 0].qs + 1);
+        const __m128i q8b_2_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[ib + 1].qs);
+        const __m128i q8b_2_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[ib + 1].qs + 1);
+
+        const __m128i q4b_1_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_1, m4b));
+        const __m128i q4b_1_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_1, 4), m4b));
+        const __m128i q4b_2_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_2, m4b));
+        const __m128i q4b_2_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_2, 4), m4b));
+
+        const __m256 p = mul_sum_i8_quad_float(q4b_1_0, q4b_1_1, q4b_2_0, q4b_2_1, q8b_1_0, q8b_1_1, q8b_2_0, q8b_2_1);
+        const __m256 deltas = quad_mx_delta_float(x[ib].e, y[ib].d, x[ib + 1].e, y[ib + 1].d);
+        accum = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(deltas, p), accum);
     }
 
+    sumf = hsum_float_8(accum);
+
+#endif
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib].e);
+        int sumi1 = 0;
+        int sumi2 = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_MXFP4/2; ++j) {
+            sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j +          0] * kvalues_mxfp4[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
+            sumi2 += y[ib].qs[j + QK_MXFP4/2] * kvalues_mxfp4[x[ib].qs[j] >>  4];
+        }
+        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
+    }
     *s = sumf;
 }
 
@@ -763,7 +848,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     const int nb = n / qk;
 
     int ib = 0;
-    float sumf = 0;
 
     assert(n % qk == 0);
     assert(qk == QK5_0);
@@ -783,7 +867,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         /* Compute combined scale for the block */
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
 
         __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
         __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[ib].qh);
@@ -798,7 +882,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d, q, acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = hsum_float_8(acc);
+    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 #elif defined(__AVX__)
     // Initialize accumulator with zeros
     __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
@@ -807,7 +891,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         /* Compute combined scale for the block */
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
 
         __m256i bx_0 = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
         const __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[ib].qh);
@@ -829,32 +913,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(d, q), acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = hsum_float_8(acc);
-
+    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 0 ))) >> (j + 0 )) << 4;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 16))) >> (j + 12));
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0) - 16);
-            const int32_t x1 = (int8_t)(((x[ib].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1) - 16);
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -862,7 +928,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     const int nb = n / qk;
 
     int ib = 0;
-    float sumf = 0;
 
     assert(n % qk == 0);
     assert(qk == QK5_1);
@@ -883,16 +948,16 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const __m256 dx = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        const __m256 dx = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
 
         __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
         __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[ib].qh);
         bxhi = _mm256_and_si256(bxhi, _mm256_set1_epi8(0x10));
         qx = _mm256_or_si256(qx, bxhi);
 
-        const __m256 dy = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const __m256 dy = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         const __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[ib].qs);
 
         const __m256 q = mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(qx, qy);
@@ -900,7 +965,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(q, _mm256_mul_ps(dx, dy), acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
+    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
 #elif defined(__AVX__)
     // Initialize accumulator with zeros
     __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
@@ -910,9 +975,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const __m256 dx = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        const __m256 dx = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
 
-        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        summs += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
 
         __m256i bx_0 = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[ib].qs);
         const __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[ib].qh);
@@ -926,7 +991,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         bxh = _mm_or_si128(bxh, bxhih);
         bx_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(bxh, bxl);
 
-        const __m256 dy = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const __m256 dy = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         const __m256i by_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[ib].qs);
 
         const __m256 q = mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(bx_0, by_0);
@@ -934,32 +999,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(q, _mm256_mul_ps(dx, dy)), acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
-
+    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        uint32_t qh;
-        memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
-
-        int sumi0 = 0;
-        int sumi1 = 0;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
-            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
-            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;
-
-            const int32_t x0 = (x[ib].qs[j] & 0xF) | xh_0;
-            const int32_t x1 = (x[ib].qs[j] >>  4) | xh_1;
-
-            sumi0 += (x0 * y[ib].qs[j]);
-            sumi1 += (x1 * y[ib].qs[j + qk/2]);
-        }
-
-        int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -986,7 +1033,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     // Main loop
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         // Compute combined scale for the block
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
         __m256i qx = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)x[ib].qs);
         __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[ib].qs);
 
@@ -1016,7 +1063,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     }
 
     sumf = hsum_float_8(accum);
-
 #endif
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
         int sumi = 0;
@@ -1025,7 +1071,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
         }
 
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        sumf += sumi*(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -1144,7 +1190,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         }
 
         const __m256i ysum = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *) y[i].bsums);
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
 
         sumi0 = _mm256_sub_epi16(sumi0, ysum);
         sumi0 = _mm256_add_epi16(sumi0, _mm256_add_epi16(sumi1, sumi2));
@@ -1156,44 +1202,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = hsum_float_8(sumf);
 
 #else
-    const uint8_t pow3[6] = {1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243};
-
-    float sumf = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        int sum = 0;
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(x->qs) - sizeof(x->qs) % 32; j += 32) {
-            for (size_t l = 0; l < 5; ++l) {
-                for (size_t m = 0; m < 32; ++m) {
-                    uint8_t q = x[i].qs[j + m] * pow3[l];
-                    uint16_t xi = ((uint16_t) q * 3) >> 8;
-                    sum += (xi - 1) * y[i].qs[j*5 + l*32 + m];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        for (size_t j = sizeof(x->qs) - sizeof(x->qs) % 32; j < sizeof(x->qs); j += 16) {
-            for (size_t l = 0; l < 5; ++l) {
-                for (size_t m = 0; m < 16; ++m) {
-                    uint8_t q = x[i].qs[j + m] * pow3[l];
-                    uint16_t xi = ((uint16_t) q * 3) >> 8;
-                    sum += (xi - 1) * y[i].qs[j*5 + l*16 + m];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (size_t l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(x->qh); ++j) {
-                uint8_t q = x[i].qh[j] * pow3[l];
-                uint16_t xi = ((uint16_t) q * 3) >> 8;
-                sum += (xi - 1) * y[i].qs[sizeof(x->qs)*5 + l*sizeof(x->qh) + j];
-            }
-        }
-
-        sumf += (float) sum * (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1244,7 +1256,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         }
 
         const __m256i ysum = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *) y[i].bsums);
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
 
         sumi0 = _mm256_add_epi16(sumi0, sumi1);
         sumi0 = _mm256_sub_epi16(sumi0, ysum);
@@ -1256,25 +1268,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = hsum_float_8(sumf);
 
 #else
-    float sumf = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        int32_t sumi = 0;
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(x->qs); j += 32) {
-            for (size_t l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                for (size_t k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {
-                    sumi += y[i].qs[j*4 + l*32 + k] * (((x[i].qs[j + k] >> (l*2)) & 3) - 1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-
-        sumf += (float) sumi * d;
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1299,8 +1296,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -1366,8 +1363,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -1463,45 +1460,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-
-        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;
-
-        int summs = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
-        }
-
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
-
-        int isum = 0;
-        int is = 0;
-        int d;
-        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K/128; ++k) {
-            int shift = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                int isuml = 0;
-                for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
-                isuml = 0;
-                for (int l = 16; l < 32; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
-                isum += d * isuml;
-                shift += 2;
-                q8 += 32;
-            }
-            q2 += 32;
-        }
-        sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1533,7 +1495,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -1638,7 +1600,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -1768,70 +1730,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
 #else
-    // scalar version
-    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
-    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
-    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
-    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
-    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
-    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    uint32_t auxs[4];
-    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].hmask;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q3 += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-
-        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
-        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
-        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
-        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -1862,8 +1767,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
         utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
@@ -1928,8 +1833,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -2001,61 +1906,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + _mm_cvtss_f32(acc_m);
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            a += 32;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            a += 32; q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2092,8 +1950,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q5 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
         utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
@@ -2170,8 +2028,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q5 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -2258,66 +2116,14 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
 
 #else
-
-    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
-    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT hm = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        uint8_t m = 1;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
-            a += 32; m <<= 1;
-            q4 += 32;
-        }
-        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
-        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
-        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-        utmp[2] = uaux;
-        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
-
-        int sumi = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
-            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
-        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    UNUSED(utmp);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2344,7 +2150,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -2422,7 +2228,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -2519,47 +2325,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 
 #else
-
-    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
-    int16_t aux16[8];
-    float   sums [8];
-    int32_t aux32[8];
-    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].ql;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const  int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
-        int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT a = aux8;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
-            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
-                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
-            }
-            a  += 128;
-            q4 += 64;
-            qh += 32;
-        }
-        a = aux8;
-        int is = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
-            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
-            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
-            q8 += 8; a += 8;
-        }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-    }
-    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2622,7 +2391,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
         __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
@@ -2663,7 +2432,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
         __m128i sumi1_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
@@ -2711,34 +2480,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32[2];
-    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(aux32, q2, 2*sizeof(uint32_t));
-            q2 += 4;
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32[1] >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[l]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32[1] >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2792,7 +2537,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
@@ -2913,7 +2658,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
@@ -3032,42 +2777,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
     *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT sc = x[i].scales;
-        const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            const uint16_t ls1 = 2*(sc[ib32] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint16_t ls2 = 2*(sc[ib32] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-            q2 += 4;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3104,7 +2817,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = (const uint16_t *)(x[i].qs + QK_K/8);
@@ -3177,7 +2890,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = (const uint16_t *)(x[i].qs + QK_K/8);
@@ -3249,47 +2962,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * signs = qs + QK_K/8;
-
-        int bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            int ls1 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] & 0xf);
-            int ls2 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] >>  4);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi1 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    sumi2 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            bsum += ls1 * sumi1 + ls2 * sumi2;
-            qs += 4;
-            signs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-
-    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
@@ -3313,7 +2990,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -3358,7 +3035,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -3409,36 +3086,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const
     *s = 0.25f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    uint32_t aux32;
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
-            memcpy(&aux32, gas, sizeof(uint32_t)); gas += sizeof(uint32_t);
-            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32 >> 28) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+0]);
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+1]);
-                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> 7*l) & 127];
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            q3 += 8;
-            bsum += sumi * ls;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = 0.25f * sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3480,7 +3131,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = (const uint16_t *)x[i].signs;
@@ -3565,7 +3216,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
     __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = (const uint16_t *)x[i].signs;
@@ -3645,59 +3296,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = hsum_float_8(accumf);
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0.f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = x[i].signs;
-        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
-        int32_t bsum = 0;
-        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
-            const uint32_t ls1 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf) + 1;
-            const uint32_t ls2 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4) + 1;
-            int32_t sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls1;
-            sumi = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
-                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
-                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            qs += 8;
-            signs += 4;
-            bsum += sumi * ls2;
-        }
-        sumf += d * bsum;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
-#if defined(__AVX2__)
-static inline __m256i mul_add_epi8(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
-    const __m256i ax = _mm256_sign_epi8(x, x);
-    const __m256i sy = _mm256_sign_epi8(y, x);
-    return _mm256_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
-}
-#endif
-
 void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     assert(n % QK_K == 0);
     assert(nrc == 1);
@@ -3753,7 +3358,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                    + (y[i].bsums[2*ib+2] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+3]) * (qh[ib+1] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1) * ls2;
         }
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
         accum = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), accum);
         accum1 += d * sumi1;
 
@@ -3801,7 +3406,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                    + (y[i].bsums[2*ib+2] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+3]) * (qh[ib+1] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1) * ls2;
         }
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
         accum = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sumi1_1, sumi1_0))), accum);
         accum1 += d * sumi1;
 
@@ -3810,36 +3415,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = hsum_float_8(accum) + IQ1S_DELTA * accum1;
 
 #else
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;
-
-        int sumi = 0, sumi1 = 0;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
-            const int ls = 2*((qh[ib] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
-            const int delta = qh[ib] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1;
-            int lsum = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((qh[ib] >> 3*l) & 7) << 8)));
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    lsum += q8[j] * grid[j];
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-            }
-            sumi  += ls * lsum;
-            sumi1 += ls * delta * (y[i].bsums[2*ib+0] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+1]);
-            qs += 4;
-        }
-
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3947,7 +3526,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             qs += 8; qh += 4;
         }
 
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16));
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16));
 
         accum1 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi1), accum1);
         accum2 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi2), accum2);
@@ -4033,7 +3612,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             qs += 8; qh += 4;
         }
 
-        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16));
+        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16));
 
         accum1 = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(d, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sumi1_1, sumi1_0))), accum1);
         accum2 = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(d, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sumi2_1, sumi2_0))), accum2);
@@ -4042,52 +3621,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     *s = hsum_float_8(accum1) + IQ1M_DELTA * hsum_float_8(accum2);
 
 #else
-
-    int sum1[2], sum2[2], delta[4];
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-
-        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
-        const uint8_t  * qh = x[i].qh;
-        const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
-
-        scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
-
-        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
-            delta[0] = qh[0] & 0x08 ? -1 : 1;
-            delta[1] = qh[0] & 0x80 ? -1 : 1;
-            delta[2] = qh[1] & 0x08 ? -1 : 1;
-            delta[3] = qh[1] & 0x80 ? -1 : 1;
-            sum1[0] = sum1[1] = sum2[0] = sum2[1] = 0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((uint16_t)qh[l/2] << (8 - 4*(l%2))) & 0x700)));
-                int lsum1 = 0, lsum2 = 0;
-                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
-                    lsum1 += q8[j] * grid[j];
-                    lsum2 += q8[j];
-                }
-                q8 += 8;
-                sum1[l/2] += lsum1;
-                sum2[l/2] += lsum2*delta[l];
-            }
-
-            const int ls1 = 2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+0)) & 0x7) + 1;
-            const int ls2 = 2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+3)) & 0x7) + 1;
-
-            sumi1 += sum1[0] * ls1 + sum1[1] * ls2;
-            sumi2 += sum2[0] * ls1 + sum2[1] * ls2;
-            qs += 4;
-            qh += 2;
-        }
-
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * y[i].d * (sumi1 + IQ1M_DELTA * sumi2);
-    }
-
-    *s = sumf;
-
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(scale);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -4129,9 +3667,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
         const __m256i p16_2 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_2, q8b_2);
         const __m256i p_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_1, mone);
         const __m256i p_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_2, mone);
-        accum1 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 0].d)),
+        accum1 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 0].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 0].d)),
                 _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_1), accum1);
-        accum2 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d)),
+        accum2 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d)),
                 _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_2), accum2);
     }
 
@@ -4164,7 +3702,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
 #endif
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
         int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
             sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j+       0] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
@@ -4219,7 +3757,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
             sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(p_1, sumi1);
             sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(p_2, sumi2);
         }
-        accum = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d)*y[ibl].d),
+        accum = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d)*y[ibl].d),
                 _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, sumi2)), accum);
     }
 
@@ -4267,44 +3805,16 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
         }
         __m128i sumi12_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi1_0, sumi2_0);
         __m128i sumi12_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi1_1, sumi2_1);
-        accum = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d)*y[ibl].d),
+        accum = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d)*y[ibl].d),
                 _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sumi12_1, sumi12_0))), accum);
     }
 
     *s = hsum_float_8(accum);
 
 #else
-    float sumf = 0;
-    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
-        const float d4d8 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
-        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
-        const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
-        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
-        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
-            const uint8_t ls1 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] & 0xf) | ((h << 4) & 0x30);
-            const uint8_t ls2 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] >>  4) | ((h << 2) & 0x30);
-            h >>= 4;
-            const float d1 = d4d8*(ls1 - 32);
-            const float d2 = d4d8*(ls2 - 32);
-            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d1 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-            sumi1 = sumi2 = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
-                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
-                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
-            }
-            sumf += d2 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
-            qs += 16;
-            q8 += 32;
-        }
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
 }
-
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/repack.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/repack.cpp
index e7635a294a7..33c6cb65098 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/repack.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/repack.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 #include "traits.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
@@ -39,11 +40,11 @@ static inline __m512 __avx512_f32cx8x2_load(ggml_fp16_t *x, ggml_fp16_t *y) {
     float tmp[16];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        tmp[i + 8] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]);
+        tmp[i + 8] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]);
     }
 
     return _mm512_loadu_ps(tmp);
@@ -54,10 +55,10 @@ static inline __m512 __avx512_repeat_f32cx16_load(__m128i x) {
     _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)tmphalf, x);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
-        tmp[i + 4] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
-        tmp[i + 8] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
-        tmp[i + 12] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
+        tmp[i + 4] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
+        tmp[i + 8] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
+        tmp[i + 12] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
     }
 
     return _mm512_loadu_ps(tmp);
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ static inline __m256 __avx_f32cx8_load(ggml_fp16_t *x) {
     float tmp[8];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
     }
 
     return _mm256_loadu_ps(tmp);
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ static inline __m256 __avx_repeat_f32cx8_load(ggml_fp16_t *x) {
     float tmp[8];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
-        tmp[i + 4] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        tmp[i + 4] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
     }
 
     return _mm256_loadu_ps(tmp);
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ static inline __m256 __avx_rearranged_f32cx8_load(ggml_fp16_t *x, __m128i arrang
 
     _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)tmphalf, _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) x), arrangeMask));
     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(tmphalf[i]);
     }
 
     return _mm256_loadu_ps(tmp);
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
             id[row_iter] = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / maxScalar : 0.0f; //d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
             // Store the scale for the individual block
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
             // Store the values in blocks of eight values - Aim is to use these later for block interleaving
             srcv[row_iter][0] = v0;
@@ -280,35 +281,9 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
     }
 
 #else
-    // scalar
-    const int blck_size_interleave = 8;
-    float srcv[4][QK8_0];
-    float id[4];
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        for (int row_iter = 0; row_iter < 4; row_iter++) {
-            float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-                srcv[row_iter][j] = x[row_iter * k + i * QK8_0 + j];
-                amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j]));
-            }
-
-            const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-            id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
-        }
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0 * 4; j++) {
-            int src_offset = (j / (4 * blck_size_interleave)) * blck_size_interleave;
-            int src_id = (j % (4 * blck_size_interleave)) / blck_size_interleave;
-            src_offset += (j % blck_size_interleave);
-
-            float x0 = srcv[src_id][src_offset] * id[src_id];
-            y[i].qs[j] = roundf(x0);
-        }
-    }
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic(x, vy, k);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -448,7 +423,7 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
             quants_interleaved[j] = i0;
         }
 
-        // Masks to shuffle the quants of corresonding sub blocks for rearraning quants for vectorized bsums computation
+        // Masks to shuffle the quants of corresponding sub blocks for rearranging quants for vectorized bsums computation
         __m256i shuffle_mask_sb2 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_setr_epi8(0, 1, 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15));
         shuffle_mask_sb2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(shuffle_mask_sb2, shuffle_mask_sb2, 0);
         __m256i shuffle_mask_sb3 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_setr_epi8(0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 8, 9, 14, 15));
@@ -530,84 +505,41 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTR
     }
 
 #else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic(x, vy, k);
+#endif
+}
 
-    // scalar
-    const int blck_size_interleave = 8;
-    float srcv[4][QK_K];
-    float iscale[4];
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        for (int row_iter = 0; row_iter < 4; row_iter++) {
-            float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-            float max = 0;
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j++) {
-                srcv[row_iter][j] = x[row_iter * k + i * QK_K + j];
-                // Update the maximum value of the corresponding super block
-                if(amax < fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j])) {
-                    amax = fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j]);
-                    max = srcv[row_iter][j];
-                }
-            }
-
-            iscale[row_iter] = amax ? -127.f/max : 0;
-
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = amax ? 1/iscale[row_iter] : 0;
-        }
+//
+// GEMV/GEMM templates
+//
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 4; j++) {
-            y[i].bsums[j] = 0;
-        }
+#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
 
-        // Quants values are interleaved in sequence of eight bytes from corresponding super blocks
-        // Bsums values are interleaved in sequence of four bsums from each super block taken for interleaving
-        // i.e first four bsums from the first super block, followed by first four bsums from second super block and so on
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K * 4; j++) {
-            int src_offset = (j / (4 * blck_size_interleave)) * blck_size_interleave;
-            int src_id     = (j % (4 * blck_size_interleave)) / blck_size_interleave;
-            src_offset += (j % blck_size_interleave);
-            int index = (((j & 31) >> 3) << 2) + ((j >> 8) << 4) + ((j >> 6) & 3);
-
-            float x0 = srcv[src_id][src_offset] * iscale[src_id];
-            y[i].qs[j] = nearest_int(x0);
-            y[i].bsums[index] += y[i].qs[j];
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-}
+// GEMV for 8x blocks of 32 4-bit quants with a single scale factor per block
+template<typename block_tx8>
+static void gemv_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc, __m256i signextendlut) {
+    static_assert(
+            std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_q4_0x8> ||
+            std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_iq4_nlx8> ||
+            std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_mxfp4x8>,
+            "Unsupported block type");
 
-void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
-    const int blocklen = 8;
-
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
-    UNUSED(s);
     UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
-    UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-#if defined(__AVX2__)
-    // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes
-    __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_set_epi8(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0));
-    signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
     __m128i changemask = _mm_set_epi8(15, 14, 7, 6, 13, 12, 5, 4, 11, 10, 3, 2, 9, 8, 1, 0);
     __m256i finalpermutemask = _mm256_set_epi32(7, 5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 0);
 
     // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
     const __m256i m4b = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x0F);
 
-    int64_t b_nb = n / QK4_0;
+    int64_t b_nb = n / 32;
 
-    const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q4_0x8 *)vx;
+    const block_tx8  * b_ptr_start = (const block_tx8  *)vx;
     const block_q8_0 * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_0 *)vy;
 
     // Process Q8_0 blocks one by one
@@ -616,17 +548,17 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         // Pointers to LHS blocks of block_q8_0 format
         const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
 
-        // Take group of eight block_q4_0x8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        // Take group of eight blocks at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
         for (int64_t x = 0; x < nc / 8; x++) {
 
             // Pointers to RHS blocks
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+            const block_tx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
 
             // Master FP accumulator
             __m256 acc_row = _mm256_setzero_ps();
 
             for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-                // Load 8 blocks of Q4_0 interleaved as 8 bytes (B0 - B7)
+                // Load 8 blocks of 32 interleaved as 8 bytes (B0 - B7)
                 const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs));
                 const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs) + 1);
                 const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs) + 2);
@@ -643,11 +575,28 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                 const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, 4), m4b)); // B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B2(24-31) B3(24-31)
                 const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, 4), m4b)); // B4(24-31) B5(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31)
 
-                // Load the scale values for the 8 blocks interleaved in block_q4_0x8
-                const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REARRANGE_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d, changemask);
+                // Load the scale values for the 8 blocks interleaved in block_tx8
+                __m256 col_scale_f32;
+                if constexpr (
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_q4_0x8> ||
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_iq4_nlx8>) {
+                    col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REARRANGE_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d, changemask);
+                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_mxfp4x8>) {
+                    // Load 8 E8M0 exponents and convert to float via LUT
+                    // Rearranged to match changemask order: 0,4,1,5,2,6,3,7
+                    col_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_ps(
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[7]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[0]));
+                }
 
                 // Load and convert to FP32 scale from block_q8_0
-                const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[b].d));
+                const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[b].d));
 
                 // Load the block values in block_q8_0 in batches of 16 bytes and replicate the same across 256 bit vector
                 __m256i lhs_vec_0 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)a_ptr[b].qs));
@@ -676,7 +625,7 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                 iacc = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(iacc, _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_3 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_3, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_1, 170));
                 iacc = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(iacc, _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_3, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_3, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_1, 255));
 
-                // Accumulated values multipled with appropriate scales
+                // Accumulated values multiplied with appropriate scales
                 acc_row = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, row_scale_f32), acc_row);
             }
 
@@ -685,1097 +634,2900 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             _mm256_storeu_ps(s + (y * nr + x * 8), acc_row);
         }
     }
-    return;
-
-#endif
-    {
-        float sumf[8];
-        int sumi;
-
-        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                        sumi = 0;
-                        for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                            const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                            const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                            sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
-                        }
-                        sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
-        }
-    }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK_K;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
-    const int blocklen = 8;
-    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
-    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
-    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
-
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+// GEMM for 8x blocks of 32 4-bit quants with a single scale factor per block
+template<typename block_tx8>
+static void gemm_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc, __m256i signextendlut) {
+    static_assert(
+            std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_q4_0x8> ||
+            std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_iq4_nlx8> ||
+            std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_mxfp4x8>,
+            "Unsupported block type");
 
-    UNUSED(s);
-    UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
-    UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
 
-#if defined(__AVX2__)
-    // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes
-    __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_set_epi8(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0));
-    signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
-    // Shuffle masks to rearrange delta and scale values to multiply with appropriate scales
-    __m128i deltamask = _mm_set_epi8(15, 14, 7, 6, 13, 12, 5, 4, 11, 10, 3, 2, 9, 8, 1, 0);
-    __m128i scalemask = _mm_set_epi8(7, 7, 3, 3, 6, 6, 2, 2, 5, 5, 1, 1, 4, 4, 0, 0);
-    // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
-    __m256i finalpermutemask = _mm256_set_epi32(7, 5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 0);
+    const block_tx8    * b_ptr_start = (const block_tx8    *)vx;
+    const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_0x4 *)vy;
 
-    // Mask to extract nibbles from bytes
+    int64_t b_nb = n / 32;
+    int64_t y = 0;
+    // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes
     const __m256i m4b = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x0F);
+    const __m128i loadMask = _mm_blend_epi32(_mm_setzero_si128(), _mm_set1_epi32(0xFFFFFFFF), 3);
+    // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
+    __m256i requiredOrder = _mm256_set_epi32(3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4);
+    int64_t xstart = 0;
+    int anr = nr - nr%16; // Used to align nr with boundary of 16
+#if defined(__AVX512BW__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
+    int anc = nc - nc%16; // Used to align nc with boundary of 16
+                          // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
+    const __m512i m4bexpanded = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x0F);
+    // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
+    __m512i signextendlutexpanded = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(signextendlut), signextendlut, 1);
 
-    int64_t b_nb = n / QK_K;
-
-    const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q4_Kx8 *)vx;
-    const block_q8_K * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_K *)vy;
+    // Take group of four block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+    for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
 
-    // Process Q8_K blocks one by one
-    for (int64_t y = 0; y < nr; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptrs[4];
 
-        // Pointers to LHS blocks of block_q8_K format
-        const block_q8_K * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+        a_ptrs[0] = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
+        }
 
-        // Take group of eight interleaved block_q4_K structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
-        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nc / 8; x++) {
+        // Take group of two block_tx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
 
-            // Pointers to RHS blocks
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+            const block_tx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x)     * b_nb);
+            const block_tx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
 
             // Master FP accumulators
-            __m256 acc_row = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-            __m256 acc_min_rows = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            __m512 acc_rows[16];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
+            }
 
             for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // Load the sixteen blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....BE,BF
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 96));
+
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 32));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 64));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 96));
+
+                // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5B8B9BCBD, B2B3B6B7BABBBEBF for further processing and storing of values
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, 240);
+
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0, 1);
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0, 1);
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1, 1);
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1, 1);
 
-                // Load and convert to FP32 scale from block_q8_K
-                const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set1_ps((a_ptr[b].d));
+                // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded)); //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7) B8(0-7) B9(0-7) BC(0-7) BD(0-7)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded)); //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7) BA(0-7) BB(0-7) BE(0-7) BF(0-7)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded)); //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15) B8(8-15) B9(8-15) BC(8-15) BD(8-15)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded)); //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15) BA(8-15) BB(8-15) BE(8-15) BF(8-15)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23) B8(16-23) B9(16-23) BC(16-23) BD(16-23)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23) BA(16-23) BB(16-23) BE(16-23) BF(16-23)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31) B8(24-31) B9(24-31) BC(24-31) BD(24-31)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31) BA(24-31) BB(24-31) BE(24-31) BF(24-31)
+
+                // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27)
+
+                // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31)
+
+                // Scale values - Load the weight scale values of two block_tx8
+                __m512 col_scale_f32;
+                if constexpr (
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_q4_0x8> ||
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_iq4_nlx8>) {
+                    col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
+                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_mxfp4x8>) {
+                    //TODO: simd-ify
+                    col_scale_f32 = _mm512_set_ps(
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[7]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[0]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[7]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[0]));
+                }
 
-                // Load the scale values for the 8 blocks interleaved in block_q4_Kx8
-                // col_scale_f32 rearranged so as to multiply with appropriate quants
-                const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REARRANGE_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d, deltamask);
-                const __m256 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].dmin);
+                // Process LHS in pairs of rows
+                for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
 
-                __m256i iacc_b = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-                __m256i iacc_min_b = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    // Load the four blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                    // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into 512 bit vector
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 17);
 
-                const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(a_ptr[b].bsums));
-                __m256i q8s = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(q8sums), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1)));
-                q8s = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(q8s, q8s, 0);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_0), lhs_mat_ymm_01_0, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_0), lhs_mat_ymm_23_0, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_1), lhs_mat_ymm_01_1, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_1), lhs_mat_ymm_23_1, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_2), lhs_mat_ymm_01_2, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_2), lhs_mat_ymm_23_2, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_3), lhs_mat_ymm_01_3, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_3), lhs_mat_ymm_23_3, 1);
 
-                // Processes two sub blocks from each Q4_K in each iteration
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
 
-                    // Load the eight block_q4_K for two sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
 
-                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit
-                    // Values of the first sub block of eight block_q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, m4b);
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
 
-                    // Values of the second sub block of eight block_q4_K structures when sb = 1
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, 4), m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, 4), m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, 4), m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, 4), m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, 4), m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, 4), m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, 4), m4b);
-                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
 
-                    uint32_t utmp_0[4], utmp_1[4];
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
 
-                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q8_K structures are stored together
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_0, b_ptr[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
-                    utmp_0[3] = ((utmp_0[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp_0[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_0[1] = (utmp_0[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_0[2] = uaux_0;
-                    utmp_0[0] &= kmask1;
+                    // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_1, b_ptr[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_1[3] = ((utmp_1[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_1 = utmp_1[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_1[1] = (utmp_1[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_1[2] = uaux_1;
-                    utmp_1[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_0[3], utmp_0[2], utmp_0[1], utmp_0[0]);
-                    __m128i scales_rearrange_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, scalemask);
-                    __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_0);
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
 
-                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
-                    __m128i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_1[3], utmp_1[2], utmp_1[1], utmp_1[0]);
-                    __m128i scales_rearrange_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, scalemask);
-                    __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_1);
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
 
-                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
-                    __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
 
-                    // Load the two sub block values corresponding to sb in block_q8_K in batches of 16 bytes and replicate the same across 256 bit vector
-                    __m256i lhs_vec_00 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + sb * 64)));
-                    __m256i lhs_vec_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 16 + sb * 64)));
-                    __m256i lhs_vec_10 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 64)));
-                    __m256i lhs_vec_11 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 48 + sb * 64)));
+                    // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                    // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
+                    const __m512i zero = _mm512_setzero_epi32();
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
 
-                    lhs_vec_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_00, lhs_vec_00, 0);
-                    lhs_vec_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_01, lhs_vec_01, 0);
-                    lhs_vec_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_10, lhs_vec_10, 0);
-                    lhs_vec_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_11, lhs_vec_11, 0);
+                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
 
-                    // Dot product done within 32 bit lanes and accumulated in the same vector
-                    // First done for first sub block and thenn for second sub block in each sb
-                    // B0(0-3) B4(0-3) B1(0-3) B5(0-3) B2(0-3) B6(0-3) B3(0-3) B7(0-3) with A0(0-3)
-                    // B0(4-7) B4(4-7) B1(4-7) B5(4-7) B2(4-7) B6(4-7) B3(4-7) B7(4-7) with A0(4-7)
-                    // ...........................................................................
-                    // B0(28-31) B4(28-31) B1(28-31) B5(28-31) B2(28-31) B6(28-31) B3(28-31) B7(28-31) with A0(28-31)
 
+                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                    __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11);
 
-                    __m256i iacc_0 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-                    __m256i iacc_1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_00 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_00, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 0)));
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_00, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_00, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 85)));
-
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_01 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_01, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 170)));
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_01, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_01, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 255)));
-
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_02 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_02, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 0)));
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_02, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_02, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 85)));
-
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_03 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_03, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 170)));
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_03, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_03, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 255)));
-
-                    iacc_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_0, scales_0);
-
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_10 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_10, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 0)));
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_10, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_10, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 85)));
-
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_11 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_11, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 170)));
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_11, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_11, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 255)));
-
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_12 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_12, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 0)));
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_12, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_12, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 85)));
-
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_13 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_13, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 170)));
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_13, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_13, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 255)));
-
-                    iacc_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_1, scales_1);
-
-                    // Accumulate the iacc value for one sb
-                    __m256i iacc_sb = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_0, iacc_1);
-
-                    // Broadcast the bsums of the two sub blocks  of the iteration of Q8_K across the vector
-                    // Multiply-Add with corresponding mins of Q4_Kx8 with bsums
-                    __m256i q8s_sb = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(q8s, 0);
-                    __m256i iacc_min_sb = _mm256_madd_epi16(q8s_sb, mins_01);
-                    q8s = _mm256_bsrli_epi128(q8s, 4);
+                    // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                    const __m128i row_scale_f16 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(_mm_maskload_epi32((int const*)(a_ptrs[rp][b].d), loadMask), 68);
+                    const __m512 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx16_REPEAT_LOAD(row_scale_f16);
 
-                    // Accumulate for the complete block
-                    iacc_b = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_b, iacc_sb);
-                    iacc_min_b = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_min_b, iacc_min_sb);
+                    // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4]     = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)),   acc_rows[rp * 4]);
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)),  acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
                 }
-
-                // Multiply-Add with scale values for the complete super block
-                acc_row = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_b), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, row_scale_f32), acc_row);
-                acc_min_rows = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_min_b), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, row_scale_f32), acc_min_rows);
-
             }
 
-            // Accumulated output values permuted so as to be stored in appropriate order post accumulation
-            acc_row = _mm256_permutevar8x32_ps(acc_row, finalpermutemask);
-            _mm256_storeu_ps(s + (y * nr + x * 8), _mm256_sub_ps(acc_row, acc_min_rows));
-        }
-    }
-
-#else
-
-    float sumf[8];
-    float sum_minf[8];
-    uint32_t utmp[32];
-    int sumi1;
-    int sumi2;
-    int sumi;
-
-    const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
-    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-        const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-            sumf[j] = 0.0;
-            sum_minf[j] = 0.0;
-        }
-        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
-                utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
-                utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
-                utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
-            }
-            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                uint8_t *scales_0 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32;
-                uint8_t *scales_1 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32 + 16;
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sumi1 = 0;
-                    sumi2 = 0;
-                    sumi = 0;
-                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
-                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
-                        sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 64 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i]);
-                        sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 64 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i + 32]);
-                        sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
-                        sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
-                        sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
-                    }
-                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
-                }
-            }
-            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                uint8_t *mins = (uint8_t*) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sum_minf[j] += mins[j] * (a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2 + 1]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
-                }
+            // Store the accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                _mm512_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
             }
         }
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j] - sum_minf[j];
-        }
     }
-#endif
-}
 
-void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK8_0;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
-    const int blocklen = 8;
+    // Take a block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+    for (; y < nr / 4; y ++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
 
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+        // Take group of two block_tx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
 
-    UNUSED(s);
-    UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
-    UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
+            const block_tx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x)     * b_nb);
+            const block_tx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
 
-#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
-    {
-        const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q4_0x8 *)vx;
-        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_0x4 *)vy;
-        int64_t b_nb = n / QK4_0;
-        int64_t y = 0;
-        // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes
-        const __m256i m4b = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x0F);
-        const __m128i loadMask = _mm_blend_epi32(_mm_setzero_si128(), _mm_set1_epi32(0xFFFFFFFF), 3);
-        // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes
-        __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_set_epi8(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0));
-        signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
-        // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
-        __m256i requiredOrder = _mm256_set_epi32(3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4);
-        int64_t xstart = 0;
-        int anr = nr - nr%16; // Used to align nr with boundary of 16
-    #ifdef __AVX512F__
-        int anc = nc - nc%16; // Used to align nc with boundary of 16
-        // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
-        const __m512i m4bexpanded = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x0F);
-        // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
-        __m512i signextendlutexpanded = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(signextendlut), signextendlut, 1);
-
-        // Take group of four block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
-        for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
-
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptrs[4];
-
-            a_ptrs[0] = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-                a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m512 acc_rows[4];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
             }
 
-            // Take group of two block_q4_0x8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
-            for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
-
-                const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x)     * b_nb);
-                const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // Load the sixteen blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....BE,BF
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 96));
+
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 32));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 64));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 96));
+
+                // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of values
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, 240);
+
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0, 1);
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0, 1);
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1, 1);
+                const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1, 1);
 
-                // Master FP accumulators
-                __m512 acc_rows[16];
-                for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                    acc_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
+                // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded)); //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7) B8(0-7) B9(0-7) BC(0-7) BD(0-7)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded)); //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7) BA(0-7) BB(0-7) BE(0-7) BF(0-7)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded)); //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15) B8(8-15) B9(8-15) BC(8-15) BD(8-15)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded)); //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15) BA(8-15) BB(8-15) BE(8-15) BF(8-15)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23) B8(16-23) B9(16-23) BC(16-23) BD(16-23)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23) BA(16-23) BB(16-23) BE(16-23) BF(16-23)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31) B8(24-31) B9(24-31) BC(24-31) BD(24-31)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31) BA(24-31) BB(24-31) BE(24-31) BF(24-31)
+
+                // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27)
+
+                // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23)
+
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31)
+                const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31)
+
+
+                // Scale values - Load the weight scale values of two block_tx8
+                __m512 col_scale_f32;
+                if constexpr (
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_q4_0x8> ||
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_iq4_nlx8>) {
+                    col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
+                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_mxfp4x8>) {
+                    //TODO: simd-ify
+                    col_scale_f32 = _mm512_set_ps(
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[7]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_1[b].e[0]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[7]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr_0[b].e[0]));
                 }
 
-                for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-                    // Load the sixteen block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....BE,BF
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 96));
+                // Load the four blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into 512 bit vector
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 17);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 32)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 17);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 64)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 17);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 96)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 17);
+
+                __m512i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_0), lhs_mat_ymm_01_0, 1);
+                __m512i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_0), lhs_mat_ymm_23_0, 1);
+                __m512i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_1), lhs_mat_ymm_01_1, 1);
+                __m512i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_1), lhs_mat_ymm_23_1, 1);
+                __m512i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_2), lhs_mat_ymm_01_2, 1);
+                __m512i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_2), lhs_mat_ymm_23_2, 1);
+                __m512i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_3), lhs_mat_ymm_01_3, 1);
+                __m512i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_3), lhs_mat_ymm_23_3, 1);
+
+                // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
+
+                // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
+
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
+                const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
+
+                // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
+                const __m512i zero = _mm512_setzero_epi32();
+                __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
+
+                // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                __m512i iacc_mat_00 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_01 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_10 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
+                __m512i iacc_mat_11 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
+
+
+                // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01);
+                __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11);
+
+                // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                const __m128i row_scale_f16 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(_mm_maskload_epi32((int const*)(a_ptr[b].d), loadMask), 68);
+                const __m512 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx16_REPEAT_LOAD(row_scale_f16);
+
+                // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate
+                acc_rows[0] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)),   acc_rows[0]);
+                acc_rows[1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)),  acc_rows[1]);
+                acc_rows[2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[2]);
+                acc_rows[3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[3]);
+            }
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 32));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 64));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 96));
+            // Store the accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                _mm512_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (anc != nc) {
+        xstart = anc/8;
+        y = 0;
+    }
+#endif // __AVX512BW__ && __AVX512DQ__
 
-                    // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5B8B9BCBD, B2B3B6B7BABBBEBF for further processing and storing of values
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+    // Take group of four block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, 240);
+    for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptrs[4];
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0, 1);
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0, 1);
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1, 1);
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1, 1);
+        a_ptrs[0] = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
+        }
 
-                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded)); //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7) B8(0-7) B9(0-7) BC(0-7) BD(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded)); //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7) BA(0-7) BB(0-7) BE(0-7) BF(0-7)
+        // Take group of eight block_tx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded)); //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15) B8(8-15) B9(8-15) BC(8-15) BD(8-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded)); //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15) BA(8-15) BB(8-15) BE(8-15) BF(8-15)
+            const block_tx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23) B8(16-23) B9(16-23) BC(16-23) BD(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23) BA(16-23) BB(16-23) BE(16-23) BF(16-23)
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m256 acc_rows[16];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            }
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31) B8(24-31) B9(24-31) BC(24-31) BD(24-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31) BA(24-31) BB(24-31) BE(24-31) BF(24-31)
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // Load the eight blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 32));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 64));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 96));
+
+                // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of values
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3)
+                // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b)); //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b)); //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b)); //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b)); //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b)); //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b)); //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b)); //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b)); //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 136);  //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 136);  //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 136);  //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 136);  //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 136);  //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 136);  //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 136);  //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 136);  //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31)
+                // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
 
-                    // Scale values - Load the weight scale values of two block_q4_0x8
-                    const __m512 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 221);  //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 221);  //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7)
 
-                    // Process LHS in pairs of rows
-                    for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 221);  //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 221);  //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15)
 
-                        // Load the four block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
-                        // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into 512 bit vector
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 17);
-
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_0), lhs_mat_ymm_01_0, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_0), lhs_mat_ymm_23_0, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_1), lhs_mat_ymm_01_1, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_1), lhs_mat_ymm_23_1, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_2), lhs_mat_ymm_01_2, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_2), lhs_mat_ymm_23_2, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_3), lhs_mat_ymm_01_3, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_3), lhs_mat_ymm_23_3, 1);
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 221);  //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 221);  //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23)
 
-                        // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 221);  //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 221);  //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31)
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
+                // Scale values - Load the wight scale values of block_tx8
+                __m256 col_scale_f32;
+                if constexpr (
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_q4_0x8> ||
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_iq4_nlx8>) {
+                    col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
+                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_mxfp4x8>) {
+                    col_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_ps(
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[7]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[0]));
+                }
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
+                // Process LHS in groups of four
+                for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
+                    // Load the four blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                    // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 17);
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
 
-                        // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
+                    // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
 
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
 
-                        // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                        // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
-                        const __m512i zero = _mm512_setzero_epi32();
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
 
-                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_00 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_01 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_10 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_11 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
+                    // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                    // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
+                    const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
 
+                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
 
-                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
-                        __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                        __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                        __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11);
+                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                    __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, 78), iacc_mat_01, 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, 78), iacc_mat_11, 204);
 
-                        // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
-                        const __m128i row_scale_f16 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(_mm_maskload_epi32((int const*)(a_ptrs[rp][b].d), loadMask), 68);
-                        const __m512 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx16_REPEAT_LOAD(row_scale_f16);
+                    // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                    const __m256 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptrs[rp][b].d, loadMask);
 
-                        // Multiply with appropiate scales and accumulate
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4]     = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)),   acc_rows[rp * 4]);
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)),  acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
-                    }
+                    // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[rp * 4]);
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
+                    acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32,  255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
                 }
+            }
 
-                // Store the accumulated values
-                for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                    _mm512_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
-                }
+            // Store the accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                _mm256_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
             }
         }
-        // Take a block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
-        for (; y < nr / 4; y ++) {
+    }
 
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+    // Take a block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+    for (; y < nr / 4; y ++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
 
-            // Take group of two block_q4_0x8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
-            for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
+        // Load the eight blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+        for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
+            const block_tx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
 
-                const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x)     * b_nb);
-                const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m256 acc_rows[4];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            }
 
-                // Master FP accumulators
-                __m512 acc_rows[4];
-                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                    acc_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
-                }
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // Load the eight block_q8_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 32));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 64));
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 96));
+
+                // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of values
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
 
-                for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-                    // Load the sixteen block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....BE,BF
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 96));
+                // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b));  //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b));  //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 32));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 64));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 96));
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b));  //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b));  //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15)
 
-                    // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of valuess
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b));  //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b));  //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, 240);
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b));  //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b));  //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0, 1);
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0, 1);
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1, 1);
-                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1, 1);
+                // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 136);  //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 136);  //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3)
 
-                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded)); //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7) B8(0-7) B9(0-7) BC(0-7) BD(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded)); //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7) BA(0-7) BB(0-7) BE(0-7) BF(0-7)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 136);  //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 136);  //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded)); //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15) B8(8-15) B9(8-15) BC(8-15) BD(8-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded)); //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15) BA(8-15) BB(8-15) BE(8-15) BF(8-15)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 136);  //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 136);  //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23) B8(16-23) B9(16-23) BC(16-23) BD(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23) BA(16-23) BB(16-23) BE(16-23) BF(16-23)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 136);  //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 136);  //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31) B8(24-31) B9(24-31) BC(24-31) BD(24-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(signextendlutexpanded, _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded)); //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31) BA(24-31) BB(24-31) BE(24-31) BF(24-31)
+                // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) B8(0-3) B9(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3) BC(0-3) BD(0-3)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BA(0-3) BB(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3) BE(0-3) BF(0-3)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 221);  //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 221);  //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) B8(8-11) B9(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11) BC(8-11) BD(8-11)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BA(8-11) BB(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11) BE(8-11) BF(8-11)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 221);  //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 221);  //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) B8(16-19) B9(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19) BC(16-19) BD(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BA(16-19) BB(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19) BE(16-19) BF(16-19)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 221);  //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 221);  //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) B8(24-27) B9(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27) BC(24-27) BD(24-27)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BA(24-27) BB(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27) BE(24-27) BF(24-27)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 221);  //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31)
+                const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 221);  //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                // Scale values - Load the wight scale values of block_tx8
+                __m256 col_scale_f32;
+                if constexpr (
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_q4_0x8> ||
+                        std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_iq4_nlx8>) {
+                    col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
+                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<block_tx8, block_mxfp4x8>) {
+                    col_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_ps(
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[7]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[6]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[5]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[4]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[3]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[2]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[1]),
+                        GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[b].e[0]));
+                }
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) B8(4-7) B9(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7) BC(4-7) BD(4-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BA(4-7) BB(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7) BE(4-7) BF(4-7)
+                // Load the four blocks of quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
+                __m256i lhs_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 17);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 32)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 17);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 64)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 17);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 96)));
+                __m256i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 0);
+                __m256i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 17);
+
+                // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
+
+                // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
+
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
+                const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
+
+                // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
+                const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
+
+                // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                __m256i iacc_mat_00 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_01 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_10 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
+                __m256i iacc_mat_11 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
+
+
+                // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, 78), 204);
+                __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, 78), iacc_mat_01, 204);
+                __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, 78), 204);
+                __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, 78), iacc_mat_11, 204);
+
+                // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                const __m256 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptr[b].d, loadMask);
+
+                // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate
+                acc_rows[0] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[0]);
+                acc_rows[1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[1]);
+                acc_rows[2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[2]);
+                acc_rows[3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[3]);
+            }
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) B8(12-15) B9(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15) BC(12-15) BD(12-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BA(12-15) BB(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15) BE(12-15) BF(12-15)
+            // Store the accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                _mm256_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) B8(20-23) B9(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23) BC(20-23) BD(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BA(20-23) BB(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23) BE(20-23) BF(20-23)
+#endif // defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) B8(28-31) B9(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31) BC(28-31) BD(28-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BA(28-31) BB(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31) BE(28-31) BF(28-31)
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+    {
+        // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes
+        __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_set_epi8(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0));
+        signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
 
+        gemv_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx<block_q4_0x8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc, signextendlut);
 
-                    // Scale values - Load the weight scale values of two block_q4_0x8
-                    const __m512 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
 
-                    // Load the four block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
-                    // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into 512 bit vector
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_0, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 32)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_1, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 64)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_2, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 96)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_3, 17);
+    ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__AVX2__)
+    // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes
+    __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_set_epi8(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0));
+    signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
+    // Shuffle masks to rearrange delta and scale values to multiply with appropriate scales
+    __m128i deltamask = _mm_set_epi8(15, 14, 7, 6, 13, 12, 5, 4, 11, 10, 3, 2, 9, 8, 1, 0);
+    __m128i scalemask = _mm_set_epi8(7, 7, 3, 3, 6, 6, 2, 2, 5, 5, 1, 1, 4, 4, 0, 0);
+    // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
+    __m256i finalpermutemask = _mm256_set_epi32(7, 5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 0);
+
+    // Mask to extract nibbles from bytes
+    const __m256i m4b = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x0F);
+
+    int64_t b_nb = n / QK_K;
+
+    const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q4_Kx8 *)vx;
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_K *)vy;
+
+    // Process Q8_K blocks one by one
+    for (int64_t y = 0; y < nr; y++) {
+
+        // Pointers to LHS blocks of block_q8_K format
+        const block_q8_K * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+
+        // Take group of eight interleaved block_q4_K structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nc / 8; x++) {
+
+            // Pointers to RHS blocks
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m256 acc_row = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            __m256 acc_min_rows = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+
+                // Load and convert to FP32 scale from block_q8_K
+                const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set1_ps((a_ptr[b].d));
+
+                // Load the scale values for the 8 blocks interleaved in block_q4_Kx8
+                // col_scale_f32 rearranged so as to multiply with appropriate quants
+                const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REARRANGE_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d, deltamask);
+                const __m256 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].dmin);
+
+                __m256i iacc_b = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                __m256i iacc_min_b = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+
+                const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(a_ptr[b].bsums));
+                __m256i q8s = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(q8sums), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1)));
+                q8s = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(q8s, q8s, 0);
+
+                // Processes two sub blocks from each Q4_K in each iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+
+                    // Load the eight block_q4_K for two sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+
+                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit
+                    // Values of the first sub block of eight block_q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, m4b);
+
+                    // Values of the second sub block of eight block_q4_K structures when sb = 1
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, 4), m4b);
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, 4), m4b);
+
+                    uint32_t utmp_0[4], utmp_1[4];
+
+                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q8_K structures are stored together
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_0, b_ptr[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
+                    utmp_0[3] = ((utmp_0[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp_0[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_0[1] = (utmp_0[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_0[2] = uaux_0;
+                    utmp_0[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_1, b_ptr[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_1[3] = ((utmp_1[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_1 = utmp_1[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_1[1] = (utmp_1[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_1[2] = uaux_1;
+                    utmp_1[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_0[3], utmp_0[2], utmp_0[1], utmp_0[0]);
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, scalemask);
+                    __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_0);
+
+                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
+                    __m128i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_1[3], utmp_1[2], utmp_1[1], utmp_1[0]);
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, scalemask);
+                    __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_1);
+
+                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
+                    __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+
+                    // Load the two sub block values corresponding to sb in block_q8_K in batches of 16 bytes and replicate the same across 256 bit vector
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_00 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + sb * 64)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 16 + sb * 64)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_10 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 64)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_11 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 48 + sb * 64)));
+
+                    lhs_vec_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_00, lhs_vec_00, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_01, lhs_vec_01, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_10, lhs_vec_10, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_11, lhs_vec_11, 0);
+
+                    // Dot product done within 32 bit lanes and accumulated in the same vector
+                    // First done for first sub block and then for second sub block in each sb
+                    // B0(0-3) B4(0-3) B1(0-3) B5(0-3) B2(0-3) B6(0-3) B3(0-3) B7(0-3) with A0(0-3)
+                    // B0(4-7) B4(4-7) B1(4-7) B5(4-7) B2(4-7) B6(4-7) B3(4-7) B7(4-7) with A0(4-7)
+                    // ...........................................................................
+                    // B0(28-31) B4(28-31) B1(28-31) B5(28-31) B2(28-31) B6(28-31) B3(28-31) B7(28-31) with A0(28-31)
+
+
+                    __m256i iacc_0 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_00 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_00, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 0)));
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_00, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_00, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_01 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_01, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 170)));
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_01, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_01, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_00, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_02 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_02, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 0)));
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_02, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_02, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_03 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_03, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 170)));
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_03, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_03, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_01, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_0, scales_0);
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_10 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_10, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 0)));
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_10, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_10, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_11 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_11, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 170)));
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_11, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_11, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_10, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_12 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_12, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 0)));
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_12, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_12, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_13 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_13, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 170)));
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_13, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_13, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_11, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_1, scales_1);
+
+                    // Accumulate the iacc value for one sb
+                    __m256i iacc_sb = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_0, iacc_1);
+
+                    // Broadcast the bsums of the two sub blocks  of the iteration of Q8_K across the vector
+                    // Multiply-Add with corresponding mins of Q4_Kx8 with bsums
+                    __m256i q8s_sb = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(q8s, 0);
+                    __m256i iacc_min_sb = _mm256_madd_epi16(q8s_sb, mins_01);
+                    q8s = _mm256_bsrli_epi128(q8s, 4);
+
+                    // Accumulate for the complete block
+                    iacc_b = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_b, iacc_sb);
+                    iacc_min_b = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_min_b, iacc_min_sb);
+                }
+
+                // Multiply-Add with scale values for the complete super block
+                acc_row = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_b), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, row_scale_f32), acc_row);
+                acc_min_rows = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_min_b), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, row_scale_f32), acc_min_rows);
+
+            }
+
+            // Accumulated output values permuted so as to be stored in appropriate order post accumulation
+            acc_row = _mm256_permutevar8x32_ps(acc_row, finalpermutemask);
+            _mm256_storeu_ps(s + (y * nr + x * 8), _mm256_sub_ps(acc_row, acc_min_rows));
+        }
+    }
+
+#else
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+#if defined(__AVX2__)
+    __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_iq4nl));
+    signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
+
+    gemv_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx<block_iq4_nlx8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc, signextendlut);
+
+    return;
+#endif
+
+    ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+#if defined(__AVX2__)
+    __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_mxfp4));
+    signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
+
+    gemv_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx<block_mxfp4x8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc, signextendlut);
+
+    return;
+#endif
+
+    ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__AVX2__)
+    // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes
+    __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_set_epi8(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0));
+    signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
+    // Shuffle masks to rearrange delta values to multiply with appropriate scales
+    __m128i deltamask = _mm_set_epi8(15, 14, 7, 6, 13, 12, 5, 4, 11, 10, 3, 2, 9, 8, 1, 0);
+    // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
+    __m256i finalpermutemask = _mm256_set_epi32(7, 5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 0);
+
+    const __m256i m3b = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);
+    const __m128i m4b_sse = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
+
+    //Mask to get appropriate scales
+    __m128i scalemask1 = _mm_set_epi8(14,14,6,6,12,12,4,4,10,10,2,2,8,8,0,0);
+    __m128i scalemask2 = _mm_set_epi8(15,15,7,7,13,13,5,5,11,11,3,3,9,9,1,1);
+
+    int64_t b_nb = n / QK_K;
+
+    const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q2_Kx8 *)vx;
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_K *)vy;
+
+    // Process Q8_K blocks one by one
+    for (int64_t y = 0; y < nr; y++) {
+
+        // Pointers to LHS blocks of block_q8_K format
+        const block_q8_K * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+
+        // Take group of eight interleaved block_q2_K structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for(int64_t x = 0; x < nc / 8; x++) {
+
+            // Pointers to RHS blocks
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m256 acc_row = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            __m256 acc_min_rows = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+
+                // Load and convert to FP32 delta from block_q8_K
+                const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set1_ps((a_ptr[b].d));
+
+                // Load the delta values for the 8 blocks interleaved in block_q2_Kx8
+                // col_scale_f32 rearranged so as to multiply with appropriate quants
+                const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REARRANGE_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d, deltamask);
+                const __m256 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].dmin);
+
+                __m256i iacc_b = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                __m256i iacc_min_b = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+
+                // Processes eight sub blocks from each Q2_K in each iteration
+                for(int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 128; sb++) {
+
+                    // Load the eight block_q2_K for eight sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_vec_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+
+                    // 2-bit -> 8-bit
+                    // Values of the 0th,2nd,4th,6th sub blocks of eight block_q2_K structures for the sb loop
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, m3b); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B02(0-7) B03(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_20 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, 2), m3b); //B20(0-7) B21(0-7) B22(0-7) B23(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_40 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, 4), m3b); //B40(0-7) B41(0-7) B42(0-7) B43(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_60 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_0, 6), m3b); //B60(0-7) B61(0-7) B62(0-7) B63(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, m3b); //B04(0-7) B05(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_20 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, 2), m3b); //B24(0-7) B25(0-7) B26(0-7) B27(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_40 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, 4), m3b); //B44(0-7) B45(0-7) B46(0-7) B47(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_60 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_0, 6), m3b); //B64(0-7) B65(0-7) B66(0-7) B67(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, m3b); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B02(8-15) B03(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_21 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, 2), m3b); //B20(8-15) B21(8-15) B22(8-15) B23(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_41 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, 4), m3b); //B40(8-15) B41(8-15) B42(8-15) B43(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_61 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_1, 6), m3b); //B60(8-15) B61(8-15) B62(8-15) B63(8-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, m3b); //B04(8-15) B05(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_21 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, 2), m3b); //B24(8-15) B25(8-15) B26(8-15) B27(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_41 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, 4), m3b); //B44(8-15) B45(8-15) B46(8-15) B47(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_61 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_1, 6), m3b); //B64(8-15) B65(8-15) B66(8-15) B67(8-15)
+
+                    // Values of the 1st,3rd,5th,7th sub blocks of eight block_q2_K structures for the sb loop
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_10 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, m3b); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B12(0-7) B13(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_30 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, 2), m3b); //B30(0-7) B31(0-7) B32(0-7) B33(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_50 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, 4), m3b); //B50(0-7) B51(0-7) B52(0-7) B53(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_70 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_2, 6), m3b); //B70(0-7) B71(0-7) B72(0-7) B73(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_10 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, m3b); //B14(0-7) B15(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_30 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, 2), m3b); //B34(0-7) B35(0-7) B36(0-7) B37(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_50 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, 4), m3b); //B54(0-7) B55(0-7) B56(0-7) B57(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_70 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_2, 6), m3b); //B74(0-7) B75(0-7) B76(0-7) B77(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_11 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, m3b); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B12(8-15) B13(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_31 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, 2), m3b); //B30(8-15) B31(8-15) B32(8-15) B33(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_51 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, 4), m3b); //B50(8-15) B51(8-15) B52(8-15) B53(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_0123_71 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_0123_3, 6), m3b); //B70(8-15) B71(8-15) B72(8-15) B73(8-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_11 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, m3b); //B14(8-15) B15(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_31 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, 2), m3b); //B34(8-15) B35(8-15) B36(8-15) B37(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_51 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, 4), m3b); //B54(8-15) B55(8-15) B56(8-15) B57(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_vec_4567_71 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_vec_4567_3, 6), m3b); //B74(8-15) B75(8-15) B76(8-15) B77(8-15)
+
+                    //Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q2_K structures are stored together
+                    //s00 m00  s01 m01   s10 m10  s11 m11  s20 m20  s21 m21   s30 m30  s31 m31  s40 m40  s41 m41   s50 m50  s51 m51  s60 m60  s61 m61   s70 m70  s71 m71
+
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_01 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_23 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 16 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_45 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 32 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_67 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 48 + sb * 64));
+
+                    // Extract scales which is lower half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m128i scales_01 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_01, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_23 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_23, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_45 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_45, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_67 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_67, m4b_sse);
+
+                    // Extract mins which is upper half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_01, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_23 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_23, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_45 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_45, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_67 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_67, 4), m4b_sse));
+
+                    // Scales of sub blocks in the sb loop
+                    // Scales of the 0th sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalemask1);
+                    __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_0);
+
+                    // Scales of the 1st sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalemask2);
+                    __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_1);
+
+                    // Scales of the 2nd sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalemask1);
+                    __m256i scales_2 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_2);
+
+                    // Scales of the 3rd sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalemask2);
+                    __m256i scales_3 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_3);
+
+                    // Scales of the 4th sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_4 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalemask1);
+                    __m256i scales_4 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_4);
+
+                    // Scales of the 5th sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_5 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalemask2);
+                    __m256i scales_5 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_5);
+
+                    // Scales of the 6th sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_6 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalemask1);
+                    __m256i scales_6 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_6);
+
+                    // Scales of the 7th sub block from each super block
+                    __m128i scales_rearrange_7 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalemask2);
+                    __m256i scales_7 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(scales_rearrange_7);
+
+                    // Load the sub block values corresponding to sb in block_q8_K in batches of 16 bytes and replicate the same across 256 bit vector
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_0 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + sb * 128)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_1 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 16 + sb * 128)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_2 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 128)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_3 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 48 + sb * 128)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_4 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 128)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_5 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 80 + sb * 128)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_6 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 128)));
+                    __m256i lhs_vec_7 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].qs + 112 + sb * 128)));
+
+                    lhs_vec_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_0, lhs_vec_0, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_1, lhs_vec_1, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_2, lhs_vec_2, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_3, lhs_vec_3, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_4 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_4, lhs_vec_4, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_5 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_5, lhs_vec_5, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_6 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_6, lhs_vec_6, 0);
+                    lhs_vec_7 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_vec_7, lhs_vec_7, 0);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_0 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_3 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_4 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_5 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_6 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+                    __m256i iacc_7 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+
+                    // Dot product done within 32 bit lanes and accumulated in the same vector
+                    // First done for 0th sub block and then for seven (1st - 7th) other sub blocks processed for each sb (sb < QK_K/128 loop)                    // B0(0-3) B4(0-3) B1(0-3) B5(0-3) B2(0-3) B6(0-3) B3(0-3) B7(0-3) with A0(0-3)
+                    // B0(4-7) B4(4-7) B1(4-7) B5(4-7) B2(4-7) B6(4-7) B3(4-7) B7(4-7) with A0(4-7)
+                    // B0(8-11) B4(8-11) B1(8-11) B5(8-11) B2(8-11) B6(8-11) B3(8-11) B7(8-11) with A0(8-11)
+                    // B0(12-15) B4(12-15) B1(12-15) B5(12-15) B2(12-15) B6(12-15) B3(12-15) B7(12-15) with A0(12-15)
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_00 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_00, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_0, 0)));
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_00, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_00, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_0, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_01 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_01, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_0, 170)));
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_0, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_01, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_01, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_0, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_0, scales_0);
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_10 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_10, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_1, 0)));
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_10, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_10, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_1, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_11 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_11, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_1, 170)));
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_1, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_11, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_11, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_1, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_1, scales_1);
+
+                    iacc_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_2, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_20 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_20, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_2, 0)));
+                    iacc_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_2, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_20, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_20, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_2, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_2, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_21 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_21, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_2, 170)));
+                    iacc_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_2, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_21, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_21, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_2, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_2, scales_2);
+
+                    iacc_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_3, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_30 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_30, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_3, 0)));
+                    iacc_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_3, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_30, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_30, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_3, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_3, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_31 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_31, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_3, 170)));
+                    iacc_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_3, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_31, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_31, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_3, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_3, scales_3);
+
+                    iacc_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_4, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_40 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_40, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_4, 0)));
+                    iacc_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_4, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_40, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_40, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_4, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_4, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_41 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_41, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_4, 170)));
+                    iacc_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_4, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_41, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_41, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_4, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_4, scales_4);
+
+                    iacc_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_5, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_50 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_50, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_5, 0)));
+                    iacc_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_5, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_50, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_50, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_5, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_5, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_51 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_51, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_5, 170)));
+                    iacc_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_5, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_51, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_51, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_5, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_5, scales_5);
+
+                    iacc_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_6, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_60 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_60, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_6, 0)));
+                    iacc_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_6, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_60, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_60, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_6, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_6, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_61 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_61, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_6, 170)));
+                    iacc_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_6, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_61, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_61, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_6, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_6, scales_6);
+
+                    iacc_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_7, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_70 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_70, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_7, 0)));
+                    iacc_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_7, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_70, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_70, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_7, 85)));
+
+                    iacc_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_7, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_71 ,_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_4567_71, 177), 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_7, 170)));
+                    iacc_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_7, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_vec_0123_71, 177) ,rhs_vec_4567_71, 170), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_vec_7, 255)));
+
+                    iacc_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_7, scales_7);
+
+                    // Accumulate the iacc value for one sb
+                    __m256i iacc_sb = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_0, iacc_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_2, iacc_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_4, iacc_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_6, iacc_7)));
+
+                    __m128i q8sums = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].bsums + sb * 8));
+                    __m256i q8s = _mm256_castsi128_si256(q8sums);
+                    q8s= _mm256_permute2f128_si256(q8s, q8s, 0);
+
+                    // Broadcast the bsums of the two corresponding subblocks of q8_k
+                    // Multiply-Add with corresponding mins of Q2_Kx8 with bsums
+                    __m256i iacc_min_sb_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(q8s, 0), mins_01);
+                    __m256i iacc_min_sb_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(q8s, 85), mins_23);
+                    __m256i iacc_min_sb_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(q8s, 170), mins_45);
+                    __m256i iacc_min_sb_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(q8s, 255), mins_67);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_min_sb = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_min_sb_01, iacc_min_sb_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_min_sb_45,iacc_min_sb_67));
+
+                    // Accumulate for the complete block
+                    iacc_b = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_b, iacc_sb);
+                    iacc_min_b = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_min_b, iacc_min_sb);
+                }
+
+                //Multiply-Add with scale values for complete super block
+                acc_row = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_b), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, row_scale_f32), acc_row);
+                acc_min_rows = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_min_b), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, row_scale_f32), acc_min_rows);
+            }
+            // Accumulated output values permuted so as to be stored in appropriate order post accumulation
+            acc_row = _mm256_permutevar8x32_ps(acc_row, finalpermutemask);
+            _mm256_storeu_ps(s + (y * nr + x * 8), _mm256_sub_ps(acc_row, acc_min_rows));
+        }
+    }
+#else
+
+    ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+
+#endif
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+    {
+        // Lookup table to convert signed nibbles to signed bytes
+        __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_set_epi8(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0));
+        signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
+
+        gemm_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx<block_q4_0x8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc, signextendlut);
+
+        return;
+    }
+#endif // defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+
+    ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+    const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q4_Kx8 * ) vx;
+    const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_Kx4 * ) vy;
+    int64_t b_nb = n / QK_K;
+    int64_t y = 0;
+
+    // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes
+    const __m256i m4b = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x0F);
+    // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
+    __m256i requiredOrder = _mm256_set_epi32(3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4);
+    int64_t xstart = 0;
+    int anr = nr - nr % 16;; // Used to align nr with boundary of 16
+#if defined(__AVX512BW__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
+    int anc = nc - nc % 16; // Used to align nc with boundary of 16
+    // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
+    const __m512i m4bexpanded = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x0F);
+    //Take group of four block_q8_Kx4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+    for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
+
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptrs[4];
+
+        a_ptrs[0] = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
+        }
+
+        // Take group of eight block_q4_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
+
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x) * b_nb);
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
+
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m512 acc_rows[16];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
+            }
+
+            __m512 acc_min_rows[16];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                acc_min_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
+            }
+
+            // For super block
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // Scale values - Load the sixteen scale values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                const __m512 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
+
+                // dmin values - Load the sixteen dmin values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                const __m512 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].dmin, b_ptr_1[b].dmin);
+
+                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, 240);
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_2, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_2, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_3, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_3, 240);
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1, 1);
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_2, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_2, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_3, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_3, 1);
+
+                    //4-bit -> 8-bit
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7) B08(0-7) B09(0-7) B0C(0-7) B0D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7) B0A(0-7) B0B(0-7) B0E(0-7) B0F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15) B08(8-15) B09(8-15) B0C(8-15) B0D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15) B0A(8-15) B0B(8-15) B0E(8-15) B0F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, m4bexpanded); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23) B08(16-23) B09(16-23) B0C(16-23) B0D(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, m4bexpanded); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23) B0A(16-23) B0B(16-23) B0E(16-23) B0F(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, m4bexpanded); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31) B08(24-31) B09(24-31) B0C(24-31) B0D(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, m4bexpanded); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31) B0A(24-31) B0B(24-31) B0E(24-31) B0F(24-31)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7) B18(0-7) B19(0-7) B1C(0-7) B1D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7) B1A(0-7) B1B(0-7) B1E(0-7) B1F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15) B18(8-15) B19(8-15) B1C(8-15) B1D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15) B1A(8-15) B1B(8-15) B1E(8-15) B1F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23) B18(16-23) B19(16-23) B1C(16-23) B1D(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23) B1A(16-23) B1B(16-23) B1E(16-23) B1F(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31) B18(24-31) B19(24-31) B1C(24-31) B1D(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31) B1A(24-31) B1B(24-31) B1E(24-31) B1F(24-31)
+
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27)
+
+                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B0C(28-31) B0D(28-31) B0C(28-31) 0BD(28-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31)
+
+                    uint32_t utmp_00[4], utmp_01[4], utmp_10[4], utmp_11[4];
+
+                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_00, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
+                    utmp_00[3] = ((utmp_00[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_00 = utmp_00[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_00[1] = (utmp_00[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_00[2] = uaux_00;
+                    utmp_00[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_01, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_01[3] = ((utmp_01[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_01 = utmp_01[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_01[1] = (utmp_01[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_01[2] = uaux_01;
+                    utmp_01[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    memcpy(utmp_10, b_ptr_1[b].scales + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_10[3] = ((utmp_10[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_10 = utmp_10[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_10[1] = (utmp_10[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_10[2] = uaux_10;
+                    utmp_10[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_11, b_ptr_1[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_11[3] = ((utmp_11[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_11 = utmp_11[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_11[1] = (utmp_11[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_11[2] = uaux_11;
+                    utmp_11[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_10[3], utmp_10[2], utmp_10[1], utmp_10[0], utmp_00[3], utmp_00[2], utmp_00[1], utmp_00[0]);
+                    const __m512i scales_0 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
+
+                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_11[3], utmp_11[2], utmp_11[1], utmp_11[0], utmp_01[3], utmp_01[2], utmp_01[1], utmp_01[0]);
+                    const __m512i scales_1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
+
+                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
+                    const __m512i mins_01 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
+
+                        // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                        // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into 512 bit vector
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 17);
+
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_00), lhs_mat_ymm_01_00, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_00), lhs_mat_ymm_23_00, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_01), lhs_mat_ymm_01_01, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_01), lhs_mat_ymm_23_01, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_02), lhs_mat_ymm_01_02, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_02), lhs_mat_ymm_23_02, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_03), lhs_mat_ymm_01_03, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_03), lhs_mat_ymm_23_03, 1);
+
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_10), lhs_mat_ymm_01_10, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_10), lhs_mat_ymm_23_10, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_11), lhs_mat_ymm_01_11, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_11), lhs_mat_ymm_23_11, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_12), lhs_mat_ymm_01_12, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_12), lhs_mat_ymm_23_12, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_13), lhs_mat_ymm_01_13, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_13), lhs_mat_ymm_23_13, 1);
+
+                        // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
+                        lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 0);
+                        __m512i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01), lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 1);
+
+                        // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31)
+
+                        // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+
+                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0_sp1, iacc_mat_11_0_sp2);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1_sp1, iacc_mat_00_1_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1_sp1, iacc_mat_01_1_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_014589CD_0);
+                        iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367ABEF_0);
+                        iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0, scale_014589CD_0);
+                        iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0, scale_2367ABEF_0);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1, scale_014589CD_1);
+                        iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1, scale_2367ABEF_1);
+                        iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_014589CD_1);
+                        iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367ABEF_1);
+
+                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
+                        __m512i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_0);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_0);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_1);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC,_mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_1);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
+
+                        // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                        const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptrs[rp][b].d);
+                        const __m256 row_scale_f32_ymm = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse);
+                        const __m512 row_scale_f32 = _mm512_insertf32x8(_mm512_castps256_ps512(row_scale_f32_ymm), row_scale_f32_ymm, 1);
+
+                        // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[rp * 4]);
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4  + 1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_01);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_01);
+
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4]);
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Store the accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                _mm512_storeu_ps((float * )(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), _mm512_sub_ps(acc_rows[i], acc_min_rows[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+
+        // Take group of eight block_q4_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
+
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x) * b_nb);
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
+
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m512 acc_rows[4];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
+            }
+
+            __m512 acc_min_rows[4];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                acc_min_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
+            }
+
+            // For super block
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+                // Scale values - Load the sixteen scale values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                const __m512 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
+
+                // dmin values - Load the sixteen dmin values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                const __m512 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].dmin, b_ptr_1[b].dmin);
+
+                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89AB_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_1[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, 240);
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_0, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_1, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_2, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_2, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_89CD_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_3, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_89AB_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_CDEF_3, 240);
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_0, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_0, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_1, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_1, 1);
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_2, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_2, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_3, 1);
+                    const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_3, 1);
+
+                    //4-bit -> 8-bit
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7) B08(0-7) B09(0-7) B0C(0-7) B0D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7) B0A(0-7) B0B(0-7) B0E(0-7) B0F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15) B08(8-15) B09(8-15) B0C(8-15) B0D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15) B0A(8-15) B0B(8-15) B0E(8-15) B0F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, m4bexpanded); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23) B08(16-23) B09(16-23) B0C(16-23) B0D(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, m4bexpanded); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23) B0A(16-23) B0B(16-23) B0E(16-23) B0F(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, m4bexpanded); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31) B08(24-31) B09(24-31) B0C(24-31) B0D(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, m4bexpanded); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31) B0A(24-31) B0B(24-31) B0E(24-31) B0F(24-31)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7) B18(0-7) B19(0-7) B1C(0-7) B1D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7) B1A(0-7) B1B(0-7) B1E(0-7) B1F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15) B18(8-15) B19(8-15) B1C(8-15) B1D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15) B1A(8-15) B1B(8-15) B1E(8-15) B1F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23) B18(16-23) B19(16-23) B1C(16-23) B1D(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23) B1A(16-23) B1B(16-23) B1E(16-23) B1F(16-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31) B18(24-31) B19(24-31) B1C(24-31) B1D(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31) B1A(24-31) B1B(24-31) B1E(24-31) B1F(24-31)
+
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27)
+
+                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B0C(28-31) B0D(28-31) B0C(28-31) 0BD(28-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31)
+
+                    uint32_t utmp_00[4], utmp_01[4], utmp_10[4], utmp_11[4];
+
+                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_00, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
+                    utmp_00[3] = ((utmp_00[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_00 = utmp_00[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_00[1] = (utmp_00[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_00[2] = uaux_00;
+                    utmp_00[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_01, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_01[3] = ((utmp_01[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_01 = utmp_01[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_01[1] = (utmp_01[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_01[2] = uaux_01;
+                    utmp_01[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_10, b_ptr_1[b].scales + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_10[3] = ((utmp_10[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_10 = utmp_10[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_10[1] = (utmp_10[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_10[2] = uaux_10;
+                    utmp_10[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_11, b_ptr_1[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_11[3] = ((utmp_11[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_11 = utmp_11[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_11[1] = (utmp_11[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_11[2] = uaux_11;
+                    utmp_11[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_10[3], utmp_10[2], utmp_10[1], utmp_10[0], utmp_00[3], utmp_00[2], utmp_00[1], utmp_00[0]);
+                    const __m512i scales_0 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
+
+                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_11[3], utmp_11[2], utmp_11[1], utmp_11[0], utmp_01[3], utmp_01[2], utmp_01[1], utmp_01[0]);
+                    const __m512i scales_1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
+
+                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
+                    const __m512i mins_01 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                    // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 17);
+
+                    //Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into a 512 bit vector
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_00), lhs_mat_ymm_01_00, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_00), lhs_mat_ymm_23_00, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_01), lhs_mat_ymm_01_01, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_01), lhs_mat_ymm_23_01, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_02), lhs_mat_ymm_01_02, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_02), lhs_mat_ymm_23_02, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_03), lhs_mat_ymm_01_03, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_03), lhs_mat_ymm_23_03, 1);
+
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_10), lhs_mat_ymm_01_10, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_10), lhs_mat_ymm_23_10, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_11), lhs_mat_ymm_01_11, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_11), lhs_mat_ymm_23_11, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_12), lhs_mat_ymm_01_12, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_12), lhs_mat_ymm_23_12, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_13), lhs_mat_ymm_01_13, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_13), lhs_mat_ymm_23_13, 1);
+
+                    // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
+                    lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 0);
+                    __m512i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01), lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 1);
+
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31)
+
+                    // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+
+                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0_sp1, iacc_mat_11_0_sp2);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1_sp1, iacc_mat_00_1_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1_sp1, iacc_mat_01_1_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_014589CD_0);
+                    iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367ABEF_0);
+                    iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0, scale_014589CD_0);
+                    iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0, scale_2367ABEF_0);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1, scale_014589CD_1);
+                    iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1, scale_2367ABEF_1);
+                    iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_014589CD_1);
+                    iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367ABEF_1);
+
+                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
+                    __m512i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_0);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_0);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_1);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC,_mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_1);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
+
+                    // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                    const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptr[b].d);
+                    const __m256 row_scale_f32_ymm = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse);
+                    const __m512 row_scale_f32 = _mm512_insertf32x8(_mm512_castps256_ps512(row_scale_f32_ymm), row_scale_f32_ymm, 1);
+
+                    // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
+                    acc_rows[0] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[0]);
+                    acc_rows[1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[1]);
+                    acc_rows[2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[2]);
+                    acc_rows[3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[3]);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_01);
+
+                    acc_min_rows[0] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[0]);
+                    acc_min_rows[1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[1]);
+                    acc_min_rows[2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_min_rows[2]);
+                    acc_min_rows[3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_min_rows[3]);
+                }
+            }
+            // Store accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                _mm512_storeu_ps((float * )(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), _mm512_sub_ps(acc_rows[i], acc_min_rows[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (anc != nc) {
+        xstart = anc/8;
+        y = 0;
+    }
+#endif // __AVX512BW__ && __AVX512DQ__
+
+    // Take group of four block_q8_Kx4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+    for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
+
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptrs[4];
+
+        a_ptrs[0] = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
+        }
+
+        // Take group of eight block_q4_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
+
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m256 acc_rows[16];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            }
+
+            __m256 acc_min_rows[16];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                acc_min_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            }
+
+            // For super block
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
+
+                // Scale values - Load the eight scale values of block_q4_kx8
+                const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
+
+                // dmin values - Load the eight dmin values of block_q4_kx8
+                const __m256 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].dmin);
+
+                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+
+                    // Load the eight block_q4_K for two sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+
+                    // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of values
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, 240);
 
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_0), lhs_mat_ymm_01_0, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_0), lhs_mat_ymm_23_0, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_1), lhs_mat_ymm_01_1, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_1), lhs_mat_ymm_23_1, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_2), lhs_mat_ymm_01_2, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_2), lhs_mat_ymm_23_2, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_3), lhs_mat_ymm_01_3, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_3), lhs_mat_ymm_23_3, 1);
+                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit
+                    // First sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, m4b); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, m4b); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, m4b); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, m4b); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
+                    // Second sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 4), m4b); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 4), m4b); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 4), m4b); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 4), m4b); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_00, 136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_00, 136); //B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11)
 
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27)
+
+
+                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_00, 221); //B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_00, 221); //B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31)
+
+                    uint32_t utmp_0[4], utmp_1[4];
+
+                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_0, b_ptr[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
+                    utmp_0[3] = ((utmp_0[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp_0[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_0[1] = (utmp_0[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_0[2] = uaux_0;
+                    utmp_0[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_1, b_ptr[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_1[3] = ((utmp_1[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_1 = utmp_1[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_1[1] = (utmp_1[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_1[2] = uaux_1;
+                    utmp_1[0] &= kmask1;
+
+                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_0[3], utmp_0[2], utmp_0[1], utmp_0[0]);
+                    const __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
+
+                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_1[3], utmp_1[2], utmp_1[1], utmp_1[0]);
+                    const __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
+
+                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
+                    const __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 238);
+
+                    for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
+
+                        // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                        // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 17);
+
+                        // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
+                        lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0);
+
+                        // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, 160); //A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 160);  //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 160);  //A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 160);  //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 160);  //A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 160);  //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 160); //A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 160); //A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 160);  //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 160);  //A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 160);  //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 160);  //A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 160); //A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27)
+
+                        // Shuffle pattern two- left side input
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, 245); //A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 245); //A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 245); //A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 245); //A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 245); //A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 245); //A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 245); //A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 245); //A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31)
+
+                        // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+
+                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0_sp1, iacc_mat_11_0_sp2);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1_sp1, iacc_mat_00_1_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1_sp1, iacc_mat_01_1_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
+
+                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                        iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_0145_0);
+                        iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367_0);
+                        iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0, scale_0145_0);
+                        iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0, scale_2367_0);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1, scale_0145_1);
+                        iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1, scale_2367_1);
+                        iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_0145_1);
+                        iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367_1);
 
-                    // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                    // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
-                    const __m512i zero = _mm512_setzero_epi32();
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp1);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp1);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_014589CD_0_sp2);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x16(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367ABEF_0_sp2);
+                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
+                        __m256i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, 78), 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, 78), iacc_mat_01_0, 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, 78), 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, 78), iacc_mat_11_0, 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, 78), 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, 78), iacc_mat_01_1, 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, 78), 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, 78), iacc_mat_11_1, 204);
 
-                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_00 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_01 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_10 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_11 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
 
+                        // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                        const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptrs[rp][b].d);
+                        const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse);//GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptrs[rp][b].d, loadMask);
 
-                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
-                    __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                    __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                    __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11);
+                        // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[rp * 4]);
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
+                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
 
-                    // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
-                    const __m128i row_scale_f16 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(_mm_maskload_epi32((int const*)(a_ptr[b].d), loadMask), 68);
-                    const __m512 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx16_REPEAT_LOAD(row_scale_f16);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0), mins_01);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 85), mins_01);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 170), mins_01);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 255), mins_01);
 
-                    // Multiply with appropiate scales and accumulate
-                    acc_rows[0] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)),   acc_rows[0]);
-                    acc_rows[1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)),  acc_rows[1]);
-                    acc_rows[2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[2]);
-                    acc_rows[3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[3]);
-                }
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4]);
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
+                        acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
 
-                // Store the accumulated values
-                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                    _mm512_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
+                    }
                 }
             }
+            // Store the accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                _mm256_storeu_ps((float * )(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), _mm256_sub_ps(acc_rows[i], acc_min_rows[i]));
+            }
         }
-        if (anc != nc) {
-            xstart = anc/8;
-            y = 0;
-        }
-    #endif // __AVX512F__
+    }
+    for (; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
 
-        // Take group of four block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
 
-        for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptrs[4];
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
 
-            a_ptrs[0] = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-                a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
+            // Master FP accumulators
+            __m256 acc_rows[4];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                acc_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
             }
 
-            // Take group of eight block_q4_0x8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
-            for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
+            __m256 acc_min_rows[4];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                acc_min_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+            }
 
-                const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
 
-                // Master FP accumulators
-                __m256 acc_rows[16];
-                for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                    acc_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-                }
+                // Scale values - Load the eight scale values of block_q4_Kx8
+                const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
+
+                // dmin values - Load the eight dmin values of block_q4_Kx8
+                const __m256 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].dmin);
 
-                for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-                    // Load the eight block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 32));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 64));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 96));
+                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+
+                    // Load the eight block_q4_k for two sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
 
                     // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of values
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, requiredOrder), 240);
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, 240);
 
-                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b)); //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b)); //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b)); //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b)); //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b)); //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b)); //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b)); //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b)); //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31)
-
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 136);  //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 136);  //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 136);  //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 136);  //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 136);  //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 136);  //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 136);  //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 136);  //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27)
-
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit
+                    // First sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 221);  //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 221);  //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 221);  //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 221);  //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, m4b); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, m4b); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 221);  //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 221);  //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, m4b); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, m4b); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 221);  //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 221);  //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31)
+                    // Second sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7)
 
-                    // Scale values - Load the wight scale values of block_q4_0x8
-                    const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15)
 
-                    // Process LHS in groups of four
-                    for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
-                        // Load the four block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
-                        // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 17);
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 4), m4b); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 4), m4b); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23)
 
-                        // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 4), m4b); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 4), m4b); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_00, 136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_00, 136); //B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19)
 
-                        // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19)
 
-                        // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                        // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
-                        const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27)
 
-                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_00 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_01 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_10 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_11 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
+                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_00, 221); //B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_00, 221); //B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7)
 
-                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
-                        __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, 78), 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, 78), iacc_mat_01, 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, 78), 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, 78), iacc_mat_11, 204);
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15)
 
-                        // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
-                        const __m256 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptrs[rp][b].d, loadMask);
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23)
 
-                        // Multiply with appropiate scales and accumulate
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[rp * 4]);
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
-                        acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32,  255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
-                    }
-                }
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31)
 
-                // Store the accumulated values
-                for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                    _mm256_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7)
 
-        // Take a block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
-        for (; y < nr / 4; y ++) {
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15)
 
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23)
 
-            // Load the eight block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
-            for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31)
 
-                const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+                    uint32_t utmp_0[4], utmp_1[4];
 
-                // Master FP accumulators
-                __m256 acc_rows[4];
-                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                    acc_rows[i] = _mm256_setzero_ps();
-                }
+                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
+                    memcpy(utmp_0, b_ptr[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
+                    utmp_0[3] = ((utmp_0[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp_0[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_0[1] = (utmp_0[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_0[2] = uaux_0;
+                    utmp_0[0] &= kmask1;
 
-                for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-                    // Load the eight block_q8_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 32));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 64));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 96));
+                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures when sb = 1
+                    memcpy(utmp_1, b_ptr[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
+                    utmp_1[3] = ((utmp_1[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_1 = utmp_1[1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp_1[1] = (utmp_1[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp_1[2] = uaux_1;
+                    utmp_1[0] &= kmask1;
 
-                    // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of valuess
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_0[3], utmp_0[2], utmp_0[1], utmp_0[0]);
+                    const __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
 
-                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit - Sign is maintained
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b));  //B0(0-7) B1(0-7) B4(0-7) B5(0-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b));  //B2(0-7) B3(0-7) B6(0-7) B7(0-7)
+                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_1[3], utmp_1[2], utmp_1[1], utmp_1[0]);
+                    const __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b));  //B0(8-15) B1(8-15) B4(8-15) B5(8-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b));  //B2(8-15) B3(8-15) B6(8-15) B7(8-15)
+                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
+                    const __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b));  //B0(16-23) B1(16-23) B4(16-23) B5(16-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b));  //B2(16-23) B3(16-23) B6(16-23) B7(16-23)
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 238);
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b));  //B0(24-31) B1(24-31) B4(24-31) B5(24-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(signextendlut, _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b));  //B2(24-31) B3(24-31) B6(24-31) B7(24-31)
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 238);
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 136);  //B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B0(0-3) B1(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3) B4(0-3) B5(0-3)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 136);  //B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B2(0-3) B3(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3) B6(0-3) B7(0-3)
+                    // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
+                    // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 17);
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 136);  //B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B0(8-11) B1(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11) B4(8-11) B5(8-11)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 136);  //B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B2(8-11) B3(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11) B6(8-11) B7(8-11)
+                    // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
+                    lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0);
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 136);  //B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B0(16-19) B1(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19) B4(16-19) B5(16-19)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 136);  //B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B2(16-19) B3(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19) B6(16-19) B7(16-19)
+                    // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, 160); //A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 136);  //B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B0(24-27) B1(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27) B4(24-27) B5(24-27)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 136);  //B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B2(24-27) B3(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27) B6(24-27) B7(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 160);  //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 160);  //A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 160);  //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 160);  //A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_0, 221);  //B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B0(4-7) B1(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7) B4(4-7) B5(4-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_0, 221);  //B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B2(4-7) B3(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7) B6(4-7) B7(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 160);  //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 160); //A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_1, 221);  //B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B0(12-15) B1(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15) B4(12-15) B5(12-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_1, 221);  //B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B2(12-15) B3(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15) B6(12-15) B7(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 160); //A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_2, 221);  //B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B0(20-23) B1(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23) B4(20-23) B5(20-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_2, 221);  //B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B2(20-23) B3(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23) B6(20-23) B7(20-23)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 160);  //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 160);  //A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_3, 221);  //B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B0(28-31) B1(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31) B4(28-31) B5(28-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_3, 221);  //B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B2(28-31) B3(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31) B6(28-31) B7(28-31)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 160);  //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 160);  //A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19)
 
-                    // Scale values - Load the wight scale values of block_q4_0x8
-                    const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 160); //A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27)
 
-                    // Load the four block_q4_0 quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight - A0,A1,A2,A3
-                    // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_0 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_0, lhs_mat_0123_0, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 32)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_1, lhs_mat_0123_1, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 64)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_2, lhs_mat_0123_2, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)((a_ptr[b].qs + 96)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_3 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_3, lhs_mat_0123_3, 17);
+                    // Shuffle pattern two- left side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, 245); //A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 245); //A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 160);  //A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3) A0(0-3) A0(0-3) A1(0-3) A1(0-3)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 160);  //A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3) A2(0-3) A2(0-3) A3(0-3) A3(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 245); //A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 160);  //A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11) A0(8-11) A0(8-11) A1(8-11) A1(8-11)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 160);  //A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11) A2(8-11) A2(8-11) A3(8-11) A3(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 245); //A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 160);  //A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19) A0(16-19) A0(16-19) A1(16-19) A1(16-19)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 160);  //A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19) A2(16-19) A2(16-19) A3(16-19) A3(16-19)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 245); //A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 160);  //A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27) A0(24-27) A0(24-27) A1(24-27) A1(24-27)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 160);  //A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27) A2(24-27) A2(24-27) A3(24-27) A3(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 245); //A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - left side input
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 245); //A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_0, 245);  //A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7) A0(4-7) A0(4-7) A1(4-7) A1(4-7)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_0_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_0, 245);  //A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7) A2(4-7) A2(4-7) A3(4-7) A3(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 245); //A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_1, 245);  //A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15) A0(12-15) A0(12-15) A1(12-15) A1(12-15)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_1_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_1, 245);  //A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15) A2(12-15) A2(12-15) A3(12-15) A3(12-15)
+                    // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_2, 245);  //A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23) A0(20-23) A0(20-23) A1(20-23) A1(20-23)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_2_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_2, 245);  //A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23) A2(20-23) A2(20-23) A3(20-23) A3(20-23)
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_3, 245);  //A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31) A0(28-31) A0(28-31) A1(28-31) A1(28-31)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_3_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_3, 245);  //A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31) A2(28-31) A2(28-31) A3(28-31) A3(28-31)
+                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0_sp1, iacc_mat_11_0_sp2);
 
-                    // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                    // Resembles MMLAs into 2x2 matrices in ARM Version
-                    const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_01_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_01_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_01_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp1);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp1), lhs_mat_23_2_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp1), lhs_mat_23_1_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp1), lhs_mat_23_0_sp1, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp1);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_01_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_01_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_01_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_01_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_0145_0_sp2);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_sp2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(mul_sum_i8_pairs_acc_int32x8(zero, lhs_mat_23_3_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_3_sp2), lhs_mat_23_2_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_2_sp2), lhs_mat_23_1_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_1_sp2), lhs_mat_23_0_sp2, rhs_mat_2367_0_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1_sp1, iacc_mat_00_1_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1_sp1, iacc_mat_01_1_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
 
                     // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_00 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_sp1, iacc_mat_00_sp2);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_01 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_sp1, iacc_mat_01_sp2);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_10 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_sp1, iacc_mat_10_sp2);
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_11 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_sp1, iacc_mat_11_sp2);
+                    iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_0145_0);
+                    iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367_0);
+                    iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0, scale_0145_0);
+                    iacc_mat_11_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_0, scale_2367_0);
 
+                    iacc_mat_00_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_1, scale_0145_1);
+                    iacc_mat_01_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_1, scale_2367_1);
+                    iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_0145_1);
+                    iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367_1);
 
-                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
-                    __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, 78), 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, 78), iacc_mat_01, 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, 78), 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, 78), iacc_mat_11, 204);
+                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
+                    __m256i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, 78), iacc_mat_01_0, 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, 78), iacc_mat_11_0, 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, 78), iacc_mat_01_1, 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, 78), iacc_mat_11_1, 204);
 
-                    // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_0 blocks and repeat it across lanes
-                    const __m256 row_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptr[b].d, loadMask);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
+
+                    // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
+                    const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptr[b].d);
+                    const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse); //GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptrs[rp][b].d, loadMask);
 
-                    // Multiply with appropiate scales and accumulate
+                    // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
                     acc_rows[0] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[0]);
                     acc_rows[1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[1]);
                     acc_rows[2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[2]);
                     acc_rows[3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[3]);
-                }
 
-                // Store the accumulated values
-                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                    _mm256_storeu_ps((float *)(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), acc_rows[i]);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0), mins_01);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 85), mins_01);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 170), mins_01);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 255), mins_01);
+
+                    acc_min_rows[0] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[0]);
+                    acc_min_rows[1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[1]);
+                    acc_min_rows[2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_min_rows[2]);
+                    acc_min_rows[3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_min_rows[3]);
                 }
             }
+
+            // Store the accumulated values
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                _mm256_storeu_ps((float * )(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), _mm256_sub_ps(acc_rows[i], acc_min_rows[i]));
+            }
         }
+    }
+
+#else
+    UNUSED(kmask1);
+    UNUSED(kmask2);
+    UNUSED(kmask3);
+    ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+    {
+        __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_iq4nl));
+        signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
+
+        gemm_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx<block_iq4_nlx8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc, signextendlut);
+
         return;
     }
+#endif // defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
 
-#endif // #if ! ((defined(_MSC_VER)) && ! defined(__clang__)) && defined(__aarch64__)
-    float sumf[4][8];
-    int sumi;
+    ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
 
-    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-            }
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
-                            }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
-            }
-        }
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+    {
+        __m256i signextendlut = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_mxfp4));
+        signextendlut = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(signextendlut, signextendlut, 0);
+
+        gemm_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx<block_mxfp4x8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc, signextendlut);
+
+        return;
     }
+#endif // defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+
+    ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK_K;
     const int nb = n / qk;
     const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
     const int blocklen = 8;
-    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
-    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
-    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
 
     assert (n % qk == 0);
     assert (nr % 4 == 0);
@@ -1792,21 +3544,37 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     UNUSED(blocklen);
 
 #if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
-    const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q4_Kx8 * ) vx;
+    const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr_start = (const block_q2_Kx8 * ) vx;
     const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr_start = (const block_q8_Kx4 * ) vy;
     int64_t b_nb = n / QK_K;
     int64_t y = 0;
 
-    // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes
-    const __m256i m4b = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x0F);
     // Permute mask used for easier vector processing at later stages
     __m256i requiredOrder = _mm256_set_epi32(3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4);
     int64_t xstart = 0;
-    int anr = nr - nr % 16;; // Used to align nr with boundary of 16
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
+    int anr = nr - nr % 16; // Used to align nr with boundary of 16
+
+    // Mask to convert 2 bit and 4 bit values into a bytes
+    const __m256i m3b = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);
+    const __m128i m4b_sse = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
+
+    //Mask to get appropriate scales
+    __m128i scalesmask1_sse = _mm_set_epi8(14,14,12,12,10,10,8,8,6,6,4,4,2,2,0,0);
+    __m128i scalesmask2_sse = _mm_set_epi8(15,15,13,13,11,11,9,9,7,7,5,5,3,3,1,1);
+
+    __m256i scalesmask1 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(scalesmask1_sse);
+    scalesmask1 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(scalesmask1, scalesmask1, 0);
+    __m256i scalesmask2 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(scalesmask2_sse);
+    scalesmask2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(scalesmask2, scalesmask2, 0);
+
+#if defined(__AVX512BW__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
+
     int anc = nc - nc % 16; // Used to align nc with boundary of 16
+
+    // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes
+    const __m256i m4b = _mm256_set1_epi8(0x0F);
     // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
-    const __m512i m4bexpanded = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x0F);
+    const __m512i m3bexpanded = _mm512_set1_epi8(3);
     //Take group of four block_q8_Kx4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
     for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
 
@@ -1817,11 +3585,11 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
         }
 
-        // Take group of eight block_q4_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        // Take group of eight block_q2_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
         for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
 
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x) * b_nb);
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x) * b_nb);
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
 
             // Master FP accumulators
             __m512 acc_rows[16];
@@ -1833,18 +3601,18 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                 acc_min_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
             }
-
             // For super block
             for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-                // Scale values - Load the sixteen scale values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                // Delta values - Load the sixteen scale values from two block_q2_kx8 structures
                 const __m512 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
 
-                // dmin values - Load the sixteen dmin values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                // dmin values - Load the sixteen dmin values from two block_q2_kx8 structures
                 const __m512 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].dmin, b_ptr_1[b].dmin);
 
-                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                // Loop to iterate over the sixteen sub blocks of a super block - eight sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 128; sb++) {
 
+                    // Load the eight block_q2_k for eight sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + sb * 256));
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
@@ -1891,109 +3659,187 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_3, 1);
                     const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_3, 1);
 
-                    //4-bit -> 8-bit
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7) B08(0-7) B09(0-7) B0C(0-7) B0D(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7) B0A(0-7) B0B(0-7) B0E(0-7) B0F(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15) B08(8-15) B09(8-15) B0C(8-15) B0D(8-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15) B0A(8-15) B0B(8-15) B0E(8-15) B0F(8-15)
+                    //2-bit -> 8-bit
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0,m3bexpanded); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7) B08(0-7) B09(0-7) B0C(0-7) B0D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0,m3bexpanded); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7) B0A(0-7) B0B(0-7) B0E(0-7) B0F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1,m3bexpanded); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15) B08(8-15) B09(8-15) B0C(8-15) B0D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1,m3bexpanded); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15) B0A(8-15) B0B(8-15) B0E(8-15) B0F(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2,m3bexpanded); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7) B18(0-7) B19(0-7) B1C(0-7) B1D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2,m3bexpanded); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7) B1A(0-7) B1B(0-7) B1E(0-7) B1F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3,m3bexpanded); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15) B18(8-15) B19(8-15) B1C(8-15) B1D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3,m3bexpanded); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15) B1A(8-15) B1B(8-15) B1E(8-15) B1F(8-15)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, m4bexpanded); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23) B08(16-23) B09(16-23) B0C(16-23) B0D(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, m4bexpanded); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23) B0A(16-23) B0B(16-23) B0E(16-23) B0F(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, m4bexpanded); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31) B08(24-31) B09(24-31) B0C(24-31) B0D(24-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, m4bexpanded); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31) B0A(24-31) B0B(24-31) B0E(24-31) B0F(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_20 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 2), m3bexpanded); //B20(0-7) B21(0-7) B24(0-7) B25(0-7) B28(0-7) B29(0-7) B2C(0-7) B2D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 2), m3bexpanded); //B22(0-7) B23(0-7) B26(0-7) B27(0-7) B2A(0-7) B2B(0-7) B2E(0-7) B2F(0-7)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7) B18(0-7) B19(0-7) B1C(0-7) B1D(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7) B1A(0-7) B1B(0-7) B1E(0-7) B1F(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15) B18(8-15) B19(8-15) B1C(8-15) B1D(8-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15) B1A(8-15) B1B(8-15) B1E(8-15) B1F(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_21 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 2), m3bexpanded); //B20(8-15) B21(8-15) B24(8-15) B25(8-15) B28(8-15) B29(8-15) B2C(8-15) B2D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 2), m3bexpanded); //B22(8-15) B23(8-15) B26(8-15) B27(8-15) B2A(8-15) B2B(8-15) B2E(8-15) B2F(8-15)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23) B18(16-23) B19(16-23) B1C(16-23) B1D(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23) B1A(16-23) B1B(16-23) B1E(16-23) B1F(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31) B18(24-31) B19(24-31) B1C(24-31) B1D(24-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31) B1A(24-31) B1B(24-31) B1E(24-31) B1F(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_30 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 2), m3bexpanded); //B30(0-7) B31(0-7) B34(0-7) B35(0-7) B38(0-7) B39(0-7) B3C(0-7) B3D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 2), m3bexpanded); //B32(0-7) B33(0-7) B36(0-7) B37(0-7) B3A(0-7) B3B(0-7) B3E(0-7) B3F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_31 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 2), m3bexpanded); //B30(8-15) B31(8-15) B34(8-15) B35(8-15) B38(8-15) B39(8-15) B3C(8-15) B3D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 2), m3bexpanded); //B32(8-15) B33(8-15) B36(8-15) B37(8-15) B3A(8-15) B3B(8-15) B3E(8-15) B3F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_40 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m3bexpanded); //B40(0-7) B41(0-7) B44(0-7) B45(0-7) B48(0-7) B49(0-7) B4C(0-7) B4D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m3bexpanded); //B42(0-7) B43(0-7) B46(0-7) B47(0-7) B4A(0-7) B4B(0-7) B4E(0-7) B4F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_41 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m3bexpanded); //B40(8-15) B41(8-15) B44(8-15) B45(8-15) B48(8-15) B49(8-15) B4C(8-15) B4D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m3bexpanded); //B42(8-15) B43(8-15) B46(8-15) B47(8-15) B4A(8-15) B4B(8-15) B4E(8-15) B4F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_50 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 4), m3bexpanded); //B50(0-7) B51(0-7) B54(0-7) B55(0-7) B58(0-7) B59(0-7) B5C(0-7) B5D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 4), m3bexpanded); //B52(0-7) B53(0-7) B56(0-7) B57(0-7) B5A(0-7) B5B(0-7) B5E(0-7) B5F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_51 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 4), m3bexpanded); //B50(8-15) B51(8-15) B54(8-15) B55(8-15) B58(8-15) B59(8-15) B5C(8-15) B5D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 4), m3bexpanded); //B52(8-15) B53(8-15) B56(8-15) B57(8-15) B5A(8-15) B5B(8-15) B5E(8-15) B5F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_60 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 6), m3bexpanded); //B60(0-7) B61(0-7) B64(0-7) B65(0-7) B68(0-7) B69(0-7) B6C(0-7) B6D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 6), m3bexpanded); //B62(0-7) B63(0-7) B66(0-7) B67(0-7) B6A(0-7) B6B(0-7) B6E(0-7) B6F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_61 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 6), m3bexpanded); //B60(8-15) B61(8-15) B64(8-15) B65(8-15) B68(8-15) B69(8-15) B6C(8-15) B6D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 6), m3bexpanded); //B62(8-15) B63(8-15) B66(8-15) B67(8-15) B6A(8-15) B6B(8-15) B6E(8-15) B6F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_70 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 6), m3bexpanded); //B70(0-7) B71(0-7) B74(0-7) B75(0-7) B78(0-7) B79(0-7) B7C(0-7) B7D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 6), m3bexpanded); //B72(0-7) B73(0-7) B76(0-7) B77(0-7) B7A(0-7) B7B(0-7) B7E(0-7) B7F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_71 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 6), m3bexpanded); //B70(8-15) B71(8-15) B74(8-15) B75(8-15) B78(8-15) B79(8-15) B7C(8-15) B7D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 6), m3bexpanded); //B72(8-15) B73(8-15) B76(8-15) B77(8-15) B7A(8-15) B7B(8-15) B7E(8-15) B7F(8-15)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27)
 
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3) B28(0-3) B29(0-3) B28(0-3) B29(0-3) B2C(0-3) B2D(0-3) B2C(0-3) B2D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3) B2A(0-3) B2B(0-3) B2A(0-3) B2B(0-3) B2E(0-3) B2F(0-3) B2E(0-3) B2F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11) B28(8-11) B29(8-11) B28(8-11) B29(8-11) B2C(8-11) B2D(8-11) B2C(8-11) B2D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11) B2A(8-11) B2B(8-11) B2A(8-11) B2B(8-11) B2E(8-11) B2F(8-11) B2E(8-11) B2F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); ///B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3) B38(0-3) B39(0-3) B38(0-3) B39(0-3) B3C(0-3) B3D(0-3) B3C(0-3) B3D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3) B3A(0-3) B3B(0-3) B3A(0-3) B3B(0-3) B3E(0-3) B3F(0-3) B3E(0-3) B3F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11) B38(8-11) B39(8-11) B38(8-11) B39(8-11) B3C(8-11) B3D(8-11) B3C(8-11) B3D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11) B3A(8-11) B3B(8-11) B3A(8-11) B3B(8-11) B3E(8-11) B3F(8-11) B3E(8-11) B3F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3) B48(0-3) B49(0-3) B48(0-3) B49(0-3) B4C(0-3) B4D(0-3) B4C(0-3) B4D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3) B4A(0-3) B4B(0-3) B4A(0-3) B4B(0-3) B4E(0-3) B4F(0-3) B4E(0-3) B4F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11) B48(8-11) B49(8-11) B48(8-11) B49(8-11) B4C(8-11) B4D(8-11) B4C(8-11) B4D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11) B4A(8-11) B4B(8-11) B4A(8-11) B4B(8-11) B4E(8-11) B4F(8-11) B4E(8-11) B4F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3) B58(0-3) B59(0-3) B58(0-3) B59(0-3) B5C(0-3) B5D(0-3) B5C(0-3) B5D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3) B5A(0-3) B5B(0-3) B5A(0-3) B5B(0-3) B5E(0-3) B5F(0-3) B5E(0-3) B5F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11) B58(8-11) B59(8-11) B58(8-11) B59(8-11) B5C(8-11) B5D(8-11) B5C(8-11) B5D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11) B5A(8-11) B5B(8-11) B5A(8-11) B5B(8-11) B5E(8-11) B5F(8-11) B5E(8-11) B5F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3) B68(0-3) B69(0-3) B68(0-3) B69(0-3) B6C(0-3) B6D(0-3) B6C(0-3) B6D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3) B6A(0-3) B6B(0-3) B6A(0-3) B6B(0-3) B6E(0-3) B6F(0-3) B6E(0-3) B6F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11) B68(8-11) B69(8-11) B68(8-11) B69(8-11) B6C(8-11) B6D(8-11) B6C(8-11) B6D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11) B6A(8-11) B6B(8-11) B6A(8-11) B6B(8-11) B6E(8-11) B6F(8-11) B6E(8-11) B6F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3) B78(0-3) B79(0-3) B78(0-3) B79(0-3) B7C(0-3) B7D(0-3) B7C(0-3) B7D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3) B7A(0-3) B7B(0-3) B7A(0-3) B7B(0-3) B7E(0-3) B7F(0-3) B7E(0-3) B7F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11) B7A(8-11) B7B(8-11) B7A(8-11) B7B(8-11) B7E(8-11) B7F(8-11) B7E(8-11) B7F(8-11)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B0C(28-31) B0D(28-31) B0C(28-31) 0BD(28-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31)
 
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31)
 
-                    uint32_t utmp_00[4], utmp_01[4], utmp_10[4], utmp_11[4];
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7) B28(4-7) B29(4-7) B28(4-7) B29(4-7) B2C(4-7) B2D(4-7) B2C(4-7) B2D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7) B2A(4-7) B2B(4-7) B2A(4-7) B2B(4-7) B2E(4-7) B2F(4-7) B2E(4-7) B2F(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15) B28(12-15) B29(12-15) B28(12-15) B29(12-15) B2C(12-15) B2D(12-15) B2C(12-15) B2D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15) B2A(12-15) B2B(12-15) B2A(12-15) B2B(12-15) B2E(12-15) B2F(12-15) B2E(12-15) B2F(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7) B38(4-7) B39(4-7) B38(4-7) B39(4-7) B3C(4-7) B3D(4-7) B3C(4-7) B3D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7) B3A(4-7) B3B(4-7) B3A(4-7) B3B(4-7) B3E(4-7) B3F(4-7) B3E(4-7) B3F(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15) B38(12-15) B39(12-15) B38(12-15) B39(12-15) B3C(12-15) B3D(12-15) B3C(12-15) B3D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15) B3A(12-15) B3B(12-15) B3A(12-15) B3B(12-15) B3E(12-15) B3F(12-15) B3E(12-15) B3F(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7) B48(4-7) B49(4-7) B48(4-7) B49(4-7) B4C(4-7) B4D(4-7) B4C(4-7) B4D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7) B4A(4-7) B4B(4-7) B4A(4-7) B4B(4-7) B4E(4-7) B4F(4-7) B4E(4-7) B4F(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15) B48(12-15) B49(12-15) B48(12-15) B49(12-15) B4C(12-15) B4D(12-15) B4C(12-15) B4D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15) B4A(12-15) B4B(12-15) B4A(12-15) B4B(12-15) B4E(12-15) B4F(12-15) B4E(12-15) B4F(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7) B58(4-7) B59(4-7) B58(4-7) B59(4-7) B5C(4-7) B5D(4-7) B5C(4-7) B5D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7) B5A(4-7) B5B(4-7) B5A(4-7) B5B(4-7) B5E(4-7) B5F(4-7) B5E(4-7) B5F(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15) B58(12-15) B59(12-15) B58(12-15) B59(12-15) B5C(12-15) B5D(12-15) B5C(12-15) B5D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15) B5A(12-15) B5B(12-15) B5A(12-15) B5B(12-15) B5E(12-15) B5F(12-15) B5E(12-15) B5F(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7) B68(4-7) B69(4-7) B68(4-7) B69(4-7) B6C(4-7) B6D(4-7) B6C(4-7) B6D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7) B6A(4-7) B6B(4-7) B6A(4-7) B6B(4-7) B6E(4-7) B6F(4-7) B6E(4-7) B6F(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_00, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
-                    utmp_00[3] = ((utmp_00[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_00 = utmp_00[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_00[1] = (utmp_00[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_00[2] = uaux_00;
-                    utmp_00[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15) B68(12-15) B69(12-15) B68(12-15) B69(12-15) B6C(12-15) B6D(12-15) B6C(12-15) B6D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15) B6A(12-15) B6B(12-15) B6A(12-15) B6B(12-15) B6E(12-15) B6F(12-15) B6E(12-15) B6F(12-15)
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_01, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_01[3] = ((utmp_01[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_01 = utmp_01[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_01[1] = (utmp_01[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_01[2] = uaux_01;
-                    utmp_01[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7) B78(4-7) B79(4-7) B78(4-7) B79(4-7) B7C(4-7) B7D(4-7) B7C(4-7) B7D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7) B7A(4-7) B7B(4-7) B7A(4-7) B7B(4-7) B7E(4-7) B7F(4-7) B7E(4-7) B7F(4-7)
 
-                    memcpy(utmp_10, b_ptr_1[b].scales + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_10[3] = ((utmp_10[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_10 = utmp_10[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_10[1] = (utmp_10[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_10[2] = uaux_10;
-                    utmp_10[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15) B78(12-15) B79(12-15) B78(12-15) B79(12-15) B7C(12-15) B7D(12-15) B7C(12-15) B7D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15) B7A(12-15) B7B(12-15) B7A(12-15) B7B(12-15) B7E(12-15) B7F(12-15) B7E(12-15) B7F(12-15)
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_11, b_ptr_1[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_11[3] = ((utmp_11[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_11 = utmp_11[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_11[1] = (utmp_11[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_11[2] = uaux_11;
-                    utmp_11[0] &= kmask1;
+                    //notation:superblock subblock
+                    //s00 m00  s01 m01   s10 m10  s11 m11  s20 m20  s21 m21   s30 m30  s31 m31  s40 m40  s41 m41   s50 m50  s51 m51  s60 m60  s61 m61   s70 m70  s71 m71
 
-                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_10[3], utmp_10[2], utmp_10[1], utmp_10[0], utmp_00[3], utmp_00[2], utmp_00[1], utmp_00[0]);
-                    const __m512i scales_0 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_01_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_23_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + 16 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_45_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + 32 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_67_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + 48 + sb * 64));
 
-                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_11[3], utmp_11[2], utmp_11[1], utmp_11[0], utmp_01[3], utmp_01[2], utmp_01[1], utmp_01[0]);
-                    const __m512i scales_1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_01_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_23_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + 16 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_45_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + 32 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_67_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + 48 + sb * 64));
 
-                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
-                    const __m512i mins_01 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+                    // Combine mins and scales for sub-blocks: 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 in the sb loop
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_01 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_01_0), mins_and_scales_01_1, 1);
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_23 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_23_0), mins_and_scales_23_1, 1);
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_45 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_45_0), mins_and_scales_45_1, 1);
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_67 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_67_0), mins_and_scales_67_1, 1);
+
+                    // Extract scales which is lower half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m256i scales_01 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_01, m4b);
+                    const __m256i scales_23 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_23, m4b);
+                    const __m256i scales_45 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_45, m4b);
+                    const __m256i scales_67 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_67, m4b);
+
+                    // Extract mins which is upper half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m512i mins_01 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_01, 4), m4b));
+                    const __m512i mins_23 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_23, 4), m4b));
+                    const __m512i mins_45 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_45, 4), m4b));
+                    const __m512i mins_67 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_67, 4), m4b));
+
+                    const __m512i scales_0 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_01,scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_01,scalesmask2));
+                    const __m512i scales_2 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_23,scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_3 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_23,scalesmask2));
+                    const __m512i scales_4 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_45,scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_5 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_45,scalesmask2));
+                    const __m512i scales_6 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_67,scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_7 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_67,scalesmask2));
 
                     const __m512i scale_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
                     const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
@@ -2001,116 +3847,330 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m512i scale_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
                     const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
 
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_4 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_4 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_6 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_6 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_7 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_7 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+
                     for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
 
                         // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
                         // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into 512 bit vector
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32 + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64 + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96 + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 128 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 160 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 192 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 224 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, 17);
+
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 256 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 288 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 320 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 352 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 384 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 416 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 448 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 480 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, 17);
+
 
                         __m512i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_00), lhs_mat_ymm_01_00, 1);
                         __m512i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_00), lhs_mat_ymm_23_00, 1);
                         __m512i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_01), lhs_mat_ymm_01_01, 1);
                         __m512i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_01), lhs_mat_ymm_23_01, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_02), lhs_mat_ymm_01_02, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_02), lhs_mat_ymm_23_02, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_03), lhs_mat_ymm_01_03, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_03), lhs_mat_ymm_23_03, 1);
 
                         __m512i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_10), lhs_mat_ymm_01_10, 1);
                         __m512i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_10), lhs_mat_ymm_23_10, 1);
                         __m512i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_11), lhs_mat_ymm_01_11, 1);
                         __m512i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_11), lhs_mat_ymm_23_11, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_12), lhs_mat_ymm_01_12, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_12), lhs_mat_ymm_23_12, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_13), lhs_mat_ymm_01_13, 1);
-                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_13), lhs_mat_ymm_23_13, 1);
 
-                        // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
-                        __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
-                        lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 0);
-                        __m512i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01), lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_20 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_20), lhs_mat_ymm_01_20, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_20 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_20), lhs_mat_ymm_23_20, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_21 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_21), lhs_mat_ymm_01_21, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_21 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_21), lhs_mat_ymm_23_21, 1);
+
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_30 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_30), lhs_mat_ymm_01_30, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_30 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_30), lhs_mat_ymm_23_30, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_31 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_31), lhs_mat_ymm_01_31, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_31 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_31), lhs_mat_ymm_23_31, 1);
+
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_40 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_40), lhs_mat_ymm_01_40, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_40 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_40), lhs_mat_ymm_23_40, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_41 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_41), lhs_mat_ymm_01_41, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_41 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_41), lhs_mat_ymm_23_41, 1);
+
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_50 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_50), lhs_mat_ymm_01_50, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_50 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_50), lhs_mat_ymm_23_50, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_51 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_51), lhs_mat_ymm_01_51, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_51 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_51), lhs_mat_ymm_23_51, 1);
+
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_60 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_60), lhs_mat_ymm_01_60, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_60 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_60), lhs_mat_ymm_23_60, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_61 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_61), lhs_mat_ymm_01_61, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_61 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_61), lhs_mat_ymm_23_61, 1);
+
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_70 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_70), lhs_mat_ymm_01_70, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_70 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_70), lhs_mat_ymm_23_70, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_01_71 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_71), lhs_mat_ymm_01_71, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_mat_23_71 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_71), lhs_mat_ymm_23_71, 1);
+
+                        // Bsums are loaded for the different Q8_K blocks
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 32 * sb)));
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 8 + 32 * sb));
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 16 + 32 * sb)));
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 24 + 32 * sb));
+
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_01_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_bsums_01_0123 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_01_0123), lhs_bsums_ymm_01_0123, 1);
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_23_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_bsums_23_0123 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_23_0123), lhs_bsums_ymm_23_0123, 1);                        __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_01_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_bsums_01_4567 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_01_4567), lhs_bsums_ymm_01_4567, 1);
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_23_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567, 1);
+                        __m512i lhs_bsums_23_4567 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_23_4567), lhs_bsums_ymm_23_4567, 1);
 
                         // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3)
+
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27)
 
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3)
+
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11)
 
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7)
+
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31)
 
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7)
+
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
                         const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
-                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7)
+
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_01_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15)
+                        const __m512i lhs_mat_23_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15)
 
                         // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
 
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
-                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
 
-                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+
+                        // Combine results from both shuffle patterns for each output block
                         __m512i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
                         __m512i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
                         __m512i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
@@ -2121,6 +4181,37 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                         __m512i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
                         __m512i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
 
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2_sp1, iacc_mat_00_2_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2_sp1, iacc_mat_01_2_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2_sp1, iacc_mat_10_2_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2_sp1, iacc_mat_11_2_sp2);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3_sp1, iacc_mat_00_3_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3_sp1, iacc_mat_01_3_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3_sp1, iacc_mat_10_3_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3_sp1, iacc_mat_11_3_sp2);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4_sp1, iacc_mat_00_4_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4_sp1, iacc_mat_01_4_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4_sp1, iacc_mat_10_4_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4_sp1, iacc_mat_11_4_sp2);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5_sp1, iacc_mat_00_5_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5_sp1, iacc_mat_01_5_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5_sp1, iacc_mat_10_5_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5_sp1, iacc_mat_11_5_sp2);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6_sp1, iacc_mat_00_6_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6_sp1, iacc_mat_01_6_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6_sp1, iacc_mat_10_6_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6_sp1, iacc_mat_11_6_sp2);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7_sp1, iacc_mat_00_7_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7_sp1, iacc_mat_01_7_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7_sp1, iacc_mat_10_7_sp2);
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7_sp1, iacc_mat_11_7_sp2);
+
+                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
                         iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_014589CD_0);
                         iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367ABEF_0);
                         iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0, scale_014589CD_0);
@@ -2131,36 +4222,83 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                         iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_014589CD_1);
                         iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367ABEF_1);
 
-                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
-                        __m512i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                        __m512i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_0);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                        __m512i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_0);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                        __m512i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_1);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                        __m512i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC,_mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_1);
+                        iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2, scale_014589CD_2);
+                        iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2, scale_2367ABEF_2);
+                        iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2, scale_014589CD_2);
+                        iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2, scale_2367ABEF_2);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3, scale_014589CD_3);
+                        iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3, scale_2367ABEF_3);
+                        iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3, scale_014589CD_3);
+                        iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3, scale_2367ABEF_3);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4, scale_014589CD_4);
+                        iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4, scale_2367ABEF_4);
+                        iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4, scale_014589CD_4);
+                        iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4, scale_2367ABEF_4);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5, scale_014589CD_5);
+                        iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5, scale_2367ABEF_5);
+                        iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5, scale_014589CD_5);
+                        iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5, scale_2367ABEF_5);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6, scale_014589CD_6);
+                        iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6, scale_2367ABEF_6);
+                        iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6, scale_014589CD_6);
+                        iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6, scale_2367ABEF_6);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7, scale_014589CD_7);
+                        iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7, scale_2367ABEF_7);
+                        iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7, scale_014589CD_7);
+                        iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7, scale_2367ABEF_7);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_00 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, iacc_mat_00_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_2, iacc_mat_00_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_4, iacc_mat_00_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_6, iacc_mat_00_7)));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_01 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, iacc_mat_01_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_2, iacc_mat_01_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_4, iacc_mat_01_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_6, iacc_mat_01_7)));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_10 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, iacc_mat_10_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_2, iacc_mat_10_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_4, iacc_mat_10_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_6, iacc_mat_10_7)));
+                        __m512i iacc_mat_11 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, iacc_mat_11_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_2, iacc_mat_11_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_4, iacc_mat_11_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_6, iacc_mat_11_7)));
 
-                        __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
+                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                        __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11);
 
                         // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
                         const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptrs[rp][b].d);
                         const __m256 row_scale_f32_ymm = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse);
                         const __m512 row_scale_f32 = _mm512_insertf32x8(_mm512_castps256_ps512(row_scale_f32_ymm), row_scale_f32_ymm, 1);
 
-                        // Multiply with appropiate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
+                        // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
                         acc_rows[rp * 4] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[rp * 4]);
                         acc_rows[rp * 4  + 1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
                         acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
                         acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
 
-                        __m512i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_01);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
-                        __m512i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_01);
+                        // Take two bsums from two Q8_Ks at a time and multiply with corresponding mins values from each Q2_K
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_0_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_1_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_2_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_3_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_0_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_23);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_1_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_23);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_2_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_23);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_3_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_23);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_0_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_45);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_1_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_45);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_2_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_45);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_3_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_45);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_0_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_67);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_1_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_67);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_2_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_67);
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_3_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_67);
+
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_01, iacc_row_min_0_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_45,iacc_row_min_0_67));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_01, iacc_row_min_1_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_45,iacc_row_min_1_67));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_01, iacc_row_min_2_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_45,iacc_row_min_2_67));
+                        __m512i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_01, iacc_row_min_3_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_45,iacc_row_min_3_67));
 
                         acc_min_rows[rp * 4] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4]);
                         acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
@@ -2176,15 +4314,15 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         }
     }
 
-    for (; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+    for (; y < nr / 4; y ++) {
 
         const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
 
-        // Take group of eight block_q4_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        // Take group of eight block_q2_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
         for (int64_t x = 0; x < anc / 8; x += 2) {
 
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x) * b_nb);
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr_0 = b_ptr_start + ((x) * b_nb);
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr_1 = b_ptr_start + ((x + 1) * b_nb);
 
             // Master FP accumulators
             __m512 acc_rows[4];
@@ -2196,18 +4334,18 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                 acc_min_rows[i] = _mm512_setzero_ps();
             }
-
             // For super block
             for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-                // Scale values - Load the sixteen scale values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                // Delta values - Load the sixteen scale values from two block_q2_kx8 structures
                 const __m512 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].d, b_ptr_1[b].d);
 
-                // dmin values - Load the sixteen dmin values from two block_q4_kx8 structures
+                // dmin values - Load the sixteen dmin values from two block_q2_kx8 structures
                 const __m512 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8x2_LOAD(b_ptr_0[b].dmin, b_ptr_1[b].dmin);
 
-                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                // Loop to iterate over the sixteen sub blocks of a super block - eight sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 128; sb++) {
 
+                    // Load the eight block_q2_k for eight sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + sb * 256));
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr_0[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
@@ -2254,110 +4392,186 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3), rhs_raw_mat_89CD_3, 1);
                     const __m512i rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3), rhs_raw_mat_ABEF_3, 1);
 
-                    //4-bit -> 8-bit
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, m4bexpanded); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7) B08(0-7) B09(0-7) B0C(0-7) B0D(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, m4bexpanded); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7) B0A(0-7) B0B(0-7) B0E(0-7) B0F(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, m4bexpanded); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15) B08(8-15) B09(8-15) B0C(8-15) B0D(8-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, m4bexpanded); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15) B0A(8-15) B0B(8-15) B0E(8-15) B0F(8-15)
+                    //2-bit -> 8-bit
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0,m3bexpanded); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7) B08(0-7) B09(0-7) B0C(0-7) B0D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0,m3bexpanded); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7) B0A(0-7) B0B(0-7) B0E(0-7) B0F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1,m3bexpanded); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15) B08(8-15) B09(8-15) B0C(8-15) B0D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1,m3bexpanded); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15) B0A(8-15) B0B(8-15) B0E(8-15) B0F(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2,m3bexpanded); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7) B18(0-7) B19(0-7) B1C(0-7) B1D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2,m3bexpanded); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7) B1A(0-7) B1B(0-7) B1E(0-7) B1F(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3,m3bexpanded); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15) B18(8-15) B19(8-15) B1C(8-15) B1D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3,m3bexpanded); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15) B1A(8-15) B1B(8-15) B1E(8-15) B1F(8-15)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, m4bexpanded); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23) B08(16-23) B09(16-23) B0C(16-23) B0D(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, m4bexpanded); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23) B0A(16-23) B0B(16-23) B0E(16-23) B0F(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, m4bexpanded); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31) B08(24-31) B09(24-31) B0C(24-31) B0D(24-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03 = _mm512_and_si512(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, m4bexpanded); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31) B0A(24-31) B0B(24-31) B0E(24-31) B0F(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_20 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 2), m3bexpanded); //B20(0-7) B21(0-7) B24(0-7) B25(0-7) B28(0-7) B29(0-7) B2C(0-7) B2D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 2), m3bexpanded); //B22(0-7) B23(0-7) B26(0-7) B27(0-7) B2A(0-7) B2B(0-7) B2E(0-7) B2F(0-7)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7) B18(0-7) B19(0-7) B1C(0-7) B1D(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7) B1A(0-7) B1B(0-7) B1E(0-7) B1F(0-7)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15) B18(8-15) B19(8-15) B1C(8-15) B1D(8-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15) B1A(8-15) B1B(8-15) B1E(8-15) B1F(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_21 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 2), m3bexpanded); //B20(8-15) B21(8-15) B24(8-15) B25(8-15) B28(8-15) B29(8-15) B2C(8-15) B2D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 2), m3bexpanded); //B22(8-15) B23(8-15) B26(8-15) B27(8-15) B2A(8-15) B2B(8-15) B2E(8-15) B2F(8-15)
 
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23) B18(16-23) B19(16-23) B1C(16-23) B1D(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23) B1A(16-23) B1B(16-23) B1E(16-23) B1F(16-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31) B18(24-31) B19(24-31) B1C(24-31) B1D(24-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 4), m4bexpanded); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31) B1A(24-31) B1B(24-31) B1E(24-31) B1F(24-31)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_30 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 2), m3bexpanded); //B30(0-7) B31(0-7) B34(0-7) B35(0-7) B38(0-7) B39(0-7) B3C(0-7) B3D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 2), m3bexpanded); //B32(0-7) B33(0-7) B36(0-7) B37(0-7) B3A(0-7) B3B(0-7) B3E(0-7) B3F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_31 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 2), m3bexpanded); //B30(8-15) B31(8-15) B34(8-15) B35(8-15) B38(8-15) B39(8-15) B3C(8-15) B3D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 2), m3bexpanded); //B32(8-15) B33(8-15) B36(8-15) B37(8-15) B3A(8-15) B3B(8-15) B3E(8-15) B3F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_40 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 4), m3bexpanded); //B40(0-7) B41(0-7) B44(0-7) B45(0-7) B48(0-7) B49(0-7) B4C(0-7) B4D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 4), m3bexpanded); //B42(0-7) B43(0-7) B46(0-7) B47(0-7) B4A(0-7) B4B(0-7) B4E(0-7) B4F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_41 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 4), m3bexpanded); //B40(8-15) B41(8-15) B44(8-15) B45(8-15) B48(8-15) B49(8-15) B4C(8-15) B4D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 4), m3bexpanded); //B42(8-15) B43(8-15) B46(8-15) B47(8-15) B4A(8-15) B4B(8-15) B4E(8-15) B4F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_50 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 4), m3bexpanded); //B50(0-7) B51(0-7) B54(0-7) B55(0-7) B58(0-7) B59(0-7) B5C(0-7) B5D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 4), m3bexpanded); //B52(0-7) B53(0-7) B56(0-7) B57(0-7) B5A(0-7) B5B(0-7) B5E(0-7) B5F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_51 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 4), m3bexpanded); //B50(8-15) B51(8-15) B54(8-15) B55(8-15) B58(8-15) B59(8-15) B5C(8-15) B5D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 4), m3bexpanded); //B52(8-15) B53(8-15) B56(8-15) B57(8-15) B5A(8-15) B5B(8-15) B5E(8-15) B5F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_60 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_0, 6), m3bexpanded); //B60(0-7) B61(0-7) B64(0-7) B65(0-7) B68(0-7) B69(0-7) B6C(0-7) B6D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_0, 6), m3bexpanded); //B62(0-7) B63(0-7) B66(0-7) B67(0-7) B6A(0-7) B6B(0-7) B6E(0-7) B6F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_61 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_1, 6), m3bexpanded); //B60(8-15) B61(8-15) B64(8-15) B65(8-15) B68(8-15) B69(8-15) B6C(8-15) B6D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_1, 6), m3bexpanded); //B62(8-15) B63(8-15) B66(8-15) B67(8-15) B6A(8-15) B6B(8-15) B6E(8-15) B6F(8-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_70 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_2, 6), m3bexpanded); //B70(0-7) B71(0-7) B74(0-7) B75(0-7) B78(0-7) B79(0-7) B7C(0-7) B7D(0-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_2, 6), m3bexpanded); //B72(0-7) B73(0-7) B76(0-7) B77(0-7) B7A(0-7) B7B(0-7) B7E(0-7) B7F(0-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_71 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_014589CD_3, 6), m3bexpanded); //B70(8-15) B71(8-15) B74(8-15) B75(8-15) B78(8-15) B79(8-15) B7C(8-15) B7D(8-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367ABEF_3, 6), m3bexpanded); //B72(8-15) B73(8-15) B76(8-15) B77(8-15) B7A(8-15) B7B(8-15) B7E(8-15) B7F(8-15)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B08(0-3) B09(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3) B0C(0-3) B0D(0-3)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B02(0-3) B03(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B06(0-3) B07(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0A(0-3) B0B(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3) B0E(0-3) B0F(0-3)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0A(8-11) B0B(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11) B0E(8-11) B0F(8-11)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B08(16-19) B09(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19) B0C(16-19) B0D(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0A(16-19) B0B(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19) B0E(16-19) B0F(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B08(24-27) B09(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27) B0C(24-27) B0D(24-27)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0A(24-27) B0B(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27) B0E(24-27) B0F(24-27)
 
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B18(0-3) B19(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3) B1C(0-3) B1D(0-3)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1A(0-3) B1B(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3) B1E(0-3) B1F(0-3)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B18(8-11) B19(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11) B1C(8-11) B1D(8-11)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1A(8-11) B1B(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11) B1E(8-11) B1F(8-11)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B18(16-19) B19(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19) B1C(16-19) B1D(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1A(16-19) B1B(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19) B1E(16-19) B1F(16-19)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B18(24-27) B19(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27) B1C(24-27) B1D(24-27)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1A(24-27) B1B(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27) B1E(24-27) B1F(24-27)
 
-                    // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3) B28(0-3) B29(0-3) B28(0-3) B29(0-3) B2C(0-3) B2D(0-3) B2C(0-3) B2D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3) B2A(0-3) B2B(0-3) B2A(0-3) B2B(0-3) B2E(0-3) B2F(0-3) B2E(0-3) B2F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11) B28(8-11) B29(8-11) B28(8-11) B29(8-11) B2C(8-11) B2D(8-11) B2C(8-11) B2D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11) B2A(8-11) B2B(8-11) B2A(8-11) B2B(8-11) B2E(8-11) B2F(8-11) B2E(8-11) B2F(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); ///B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3) B38(0-3) B39(0-3) B38(0-3) B39(0-3) B3C(0-3) B3D(0-3) B3C(0-3) B3D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3) B3A(0-3) B3B(0-3) B3A(0-3) B3B(0-3) B3E(0-3) B3F(0-3) B3E(0-3) B3F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11) B38(8-11) B39(8-11) B38(8-11) B39(8-11) B3C(8-11) B3D(8-11) B3C(8-11) B3D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11) B3A(8-11) B3B(8-11) B3A(8-11) B3B(8-11) B3E(8-11) B3F(8-11) B3E(8-11) B3F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3) B48(0-3) B49(0-3) B48(0-3) B49(0-3) B4C(0-3) B4D(0-3) B4C(0-3) B4D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3) B4A(0-3) B4B(0-3) B4A(0-3) B4B(0-3) B4E(0-3) B4F(0-3) B4E(0-3) B4F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11) B48(8-11) B49(8-11) B48(8-11) B49(8-11) B4C(8-11) B4D(8-11) B4C(8-11) B4D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11) B4A(8-11) B4B(8-11) B4A(8-11) B4B(8-11) B4E(8-11) B4F(8-11) B4E(8-11) B4F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3) B58(0-3) B59(0-3) B58(0-3) B59(0-3) B5C(0-3) B5D(0-3) B5C(0-3) B5D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3) B5A(0-3) B5B(0-3) B5A(0-3) B5B(0-3) B5E(0-3) B5F(0-3) B5E(0-3) B5F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11) B58(8-11) B59(8-11) B58(8-11) B59(8-11) B5C(8-11) B5D(8-11) B5C(8-11) B5D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11) B5A(8-11) B5B(8-11) B5A(8-11) B5B(8-11) B5E(8-11) B5F(8-11) B5E(8-11) B5F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3) B68(0-3) B69(0-3) B68(0-3) B69(0-3) B6C(0-3) B6D(0-3) B6C(0-3) B6D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3) B6A(0-3) B6B(0-3) B6A(0-3) B6B(0-3) B6E(0-3) B6F(0-3) B6E(0-3) B6F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11) B68(8-11) B69(8-11) B68(8-11) B69(8-11) B6C(8-11) B6D(8-11) B6C(8-11) B6D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11) B6A(8-11) B6B(8-11) B6A(8-11) B6B(8-11) B6E(8-11) B6F(8-11) B6E(8-11) B6F(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3) B78(0-3) B79(0-3) B78(0-3) B79(0-3) B7C(0-3) B7D(0-3) B7C(0-3) B7D(0-3)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3) B7A(0-3) B7B(0-3) B7A(0-3) B7B(0-3) B7E(0-3) B7F(0-3) B7E(0-3) B7F(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B08(8-11) B09(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11) B0C(8-11) B0D(8-11)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)136); //B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11) B7A(8-11) B7B(8-11) B7A(8-11) B7B(8-11) B7E(8-11) B7F(8-11) B7E(8-11) B7F(8-11)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B08(4-7) B09(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7) B0C(4-7) B0D(4-7)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B02(4-7) B03(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B06(4-7) B07(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0A(4-7) B0B(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7) B0E(4-7) B0F(4-7)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B08(12-15) B09(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15) B0C(12-15) B0D(12-15)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0A(12-15) B0B(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15) B0E(12-15) B0F(12-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B08(20-23) B09(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23) B0C(20-23) B0D(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0A(20-23) B0B(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23) B0E(20-23) B0F(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B08(28-31) B09(28-31) B0C(28-31) B0D(28-31) B0C(28-31) 0BD(28-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0A(28-31) B0B(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31) B0E(28-31) B0F(28-31)
 
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B18(4-7) B19(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7) B1C(4-7) B1D(4-7)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1A(4-7) B1B(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7) B1E(4-7) B1F(4-7)
+
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B18(12-15) B19(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15) B1C(12-15) B1D(12-15)
                     const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1A(12-15) B1B(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15) B1E(12-15) B1F(12-15)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B18(20-23) B19(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23) B1C(20-23) B1D(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1A(20-23) B1B(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23) B1E(20-23) B1F(20-23)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B18(28-31) B19(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31) B1C(28-31) B1D(28-31)
-                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1A(28-31) B1B(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31) B1E(28-31) B1F(28-31)
 
-                    uint32_t utmp_00[4], utmp_01[4], utmp_10[4], utmp_11[4];
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7) B28(4-7) B29(4-7) B28(4-7) B29(4-7) B2C(4-7) B2D(4-7) B2C(4-7) B2D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7) B2A(4-7) B2B(4-7) B2A(4-7) B2B(4-7) B2E(4-7) B2F(4-7) B2E(4-7) B2F(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_00, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
-                    utmp_00[3] = ((utmp_00[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_00 = utmp_00[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_00[1] = (utmp_00[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_00[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_00[2] = uaux_00;
-                    utmp_00[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15) B28(12-15) B29(12-15) B28(12-15) B29(12-15) B2C(12-15) B2D(12-15) B2C(12-15) B2D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15) B2A(12-15) B2B(12-15) B2A(12-15) B2B(12-15) B2E(12-15) B2F(12-15) B2E(12-15) B2F(12-15)
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_01, b_ptr_0[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_01[3] = ((utmp_01[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_01 = utmp_01[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_01[1] = (utmp_01[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_01[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_01[2] = uaux_01;
-                    utmp_01[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7) B38(4-7) B39(4-7) B38(4-7) B39(4-7) B3C(4-7) B3D(4-7) B3C(4-7) B3D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7) B3A(4-7) B3B(4-7) B3A(4-7) B3B(4-7) B3E(4-7) B3F(4-7) B3E(4-7) B3F(4-7)
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_10, b_ptr_1[b].scales + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_10[3] = ((utmp_10[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_10 = utmp_10[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_10[1] = (utmp_10[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_10[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_10[2] = uaux_10;
-                    utmp_10[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15) B38(12-15) B39(12-15) B38(12-15) B39(12-15) B3C(12-15) B3D(12-15) B3C(12-15) B3D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15) B3A(12-15) B3B(12-15) B3A(12-15) B3B(12-15) B3E(12-15) B3F(12-15) B3E(12-15) B3F(12-15)
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_11, b_ptr_1[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_11[3] = ((utmp_11[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_11 = utmp_11[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_11[1] = (utmp_11[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_11[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_11[2] = uaux_11;
-                    utmp_11[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7) B48(4-7) B49(4-7) B48(4-7) B49(4-7) B4C(4-7) B4D(4-7) B4C(4-7) B4D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7) B4A(4-7) B4B(4-7) B4A(4-7) B4B(4-7) B4E(4-7) B4F(4-7) B4E(4-7) B4F(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_10[3], utmp_10[2], utmp_10[1], utmp_10[0], utmp_00[3], utmp_00[2], utmp_00[1], utmp_00[0]);
-                    const __m512i scales_0 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15) B48(12-15) B49(12-15) B48(12-15) B49(12-15) B4C(12-15) B4D(12-15) B4C(12-15) B4D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15) B4A(12-15) B4B(12-15) B4A(12-15) B4B(12-15) B4E(12-15) B4F(12-15) B4E(12-15) B4F(12-15)
 
-                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm256_set_epi32(utmp_11[3], utmp_11[2], utmp_11[1], utmp_11[0], utmp_01[3], utmp_01[2], utmp_01[1], utmp_01[0]);
-                    const __m512i scales_1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7) B58(4-7) B59(4-7) B58(4-7) B59(4-7) B5C(4-7) B5D(4-7) B5C(4-7) B5D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7) B5A(4-7) B5B(4-7) B5A(4-7) B5B(4-7) B5E(4-7) B5F(4-7) B5E(4-7) B5F(4-7)
 
-                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
-                    const __m512i mins_01 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_unpacklo_epi8(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm256_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15) B58(12-15) B59(12-15) B58(12-15) B59(12-15) B5C(12-15) B5D(12-15) B5C(12-15) B5D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15) B5A(12-15) B5B(12-15) B5A(12-15) B5B(12-15) B5E(12-15) B5F(12-15) B5E(12-15) B5F(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7) B68(4-7) B69(4-7) B68(4-7) B69(4-7) B6C(4-7) B6D(4-7) B6C(4-7) B6D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7) B6A(4-7) B6B(4-7) B6A(4-7) B6B(4-7) B6E(4-7) B6F(4-7) B6E(4-7) B6F(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15) B68(12-15) B69(12-15) B68(12-15) B69(12-15) B6C(12-15) B6D(12-15) B6C(12-15) B6D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15) B6A(12-15) B6B(12-15) B6A(12-15) B6B(12-15) B6E(12-15) B6F(12-15) B6E(12-15) B6F(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7) B78(4-7) B79(4-7) B78(4-7) B79(4-7) B7C(4-7) B7D(4-7) B7C(4-7) B7D(4-7)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7) B7A(4-7) B7B(4-7) B7A(4-7) B7B(4-7) B7E(4-7) B7F(4-7) B7E(4-7) B7F(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_014589CD_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15) B78(12-15) B79(12-15) B78(12-15) B79(12-15) B7C(12-15) B7D(12-15) B7C(12-15) B7D(12-15)
+                    const __m512i rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)221); //B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15) B7A(12-15) B7B(12-15) B7A(12-15) B7B(12-15) B7E(12-15) B7F(12-15) B7E(12-15) B7F(12-15)
+
+                    //notation:superblock subblock
+                    //s00 m00  s01 m01   s10 m10  s11 m11  s20 m20  s21 m21   s30 m30  s31 m31  s40 m40  s41 m41   s50 m50  s51 m51  s60 m60  s61 m61   s70 m70  s71 m71
+
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_01_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_23_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + 16 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_45_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + 32 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_67_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_0[b].scales + 48 + sb * 64));
+
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_01_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_23_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + 16 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_45_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + 32 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_67_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr_1[b].scales + 48 + sb * 64));
+
+                    // Combine mins and scales for sub-blocks: 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 in the sb loop
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_01 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_01_0), mins_and_scales_01_1, 1);
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_23 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_23_0), mins_and_scales_23_1, 1);
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_45 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_45_0), mins_and_scales_45_1, 1);
+                    const __m256i mins_and_scales_67 = _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(mins_and_scales_67_0), mins_and_scales_67_1, 1);
+
+                    // Extract scales which is lower half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m256i scales_01 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_01, m4b);
+                    const __m256i scales_23 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_23, m4b);
+                    const __m256i scales_45 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_45, m4b);
+                    const __m256i scales_67 = _mm256_and_si256(mins_and_scales_67, m4b);
+
+                    // Extract mins which is upper half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m512i mins_01 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_01, 4), m4b));
+                    const __m512i mins_23 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_23, 4), m4b));
+                    const __m512i mins_45 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_45, 4), m4b));
+                    const __m512i mins_67 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_67, 4), m4b));
+
+                    const __m512i scales_0 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalesmask2));
+                    const __m512i scales_2 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_3 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalesmask2));
+                    const __m512i scales_4 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_5 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalesmask2));
+                    const __m512i scales_6 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalesmask1));
+                    const __m512i scales_7 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalesmask2));
 
                     const __m512i scale_014589CD_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
                     const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_0 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
@@ -2365,115 +4579,327 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m512i scale_014589CD_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
                     const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
 
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_3 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_4 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_4 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_6 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_6 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
+                    const __m512i scale_014589CD_7 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)68);
+                    const __m512i scale_2367ABEF_7 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)238);
+
                     // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
                     // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_00, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_01, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_02, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_03, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 64 + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_10, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 96 + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_11, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_12, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_13, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 128 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_20, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 160 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_21, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 192 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_30, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 224 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_31, 17);
+
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 256 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_40, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 288 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_41, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 320 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_50, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 352 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_51, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 384 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_60, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 416 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_61, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 448 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_70, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 480 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_01_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_ymm_23_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, lhs_mat_ymm_0123_71, 17);
 
-                    //Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated and stored into a 256 bit vector before again repeating into a 512 bit vector
                     __m512i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_00), lhs_mat_ymm_01_00, 1);
                     __m512i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_00), lhs_mat_ymm_23_00, 1);
                     __m512i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_01), lhs_mat_ymm_01_01, 1);
                     __m512i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_01), lhs_mat_ymm_23_01, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_02), lhs_mat_ymm_01_02, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_02), lhs_mat_ymm_23_02, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_03), lhs_mat_ymm_01_03, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_03), lhs_mat_ymm_23_03, 1);
 
                     __m512i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_10), lhs_mat_ymm_01_10, 1);
                     __m512i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_10), lhs_mat_ymm_23_10, 1);
                     __m512i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_11), lhs_mat_ymm_01_11, 1);
                     __m512i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_11), lhs_mat_ymm_23_11, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_12), lhs_mat_ymm_01_12, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_12), lhs_mat_ymm_23_12, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_13), lhs_mat_ymm_01_13, 1);
-                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_13), lhs_mat_ymm_23_13, 1);
 
-                    // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
-                    __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
-                    lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 0);
-                    __m512i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01), lhs_bsums_hsum_ymm_0123_01, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_20 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_20), lhs_mat_ymm_01_20, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_20 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_20), lhs_mat_ymm_23_20, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_21 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_21), lhs_mat_ymm_01_21, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_21 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_21), lhs_mat_ymm_23_21, 1);
+
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_30 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_30), lhs_mat_ymm_01_30, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_30 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_30), lhs_mat_ymm_23_30, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_31 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_31), lhs_mat_ymm_01_31, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_31 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_31), lhs_mat_ymm_23_31, 1);
+
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_40 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_40), lhs_mat_ymm_01_40, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_40 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_40), lhs_mat_ymm_23_40, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_41 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_41), lhs_mat_ymm_01_41, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_41 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_41), lhs_mat_ymm_23_41, 1);
+
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_50 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_50), lhs_mat_ymm_01_50, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_50 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_50), lhs_mat_ymm_23_50, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_51 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_51), lhs_mat_ymm_01_51, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_51 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_51), lhs_mat_ymm_23_51, 1);
+
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_60 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_60), lhs_mat_ymm_01_60, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_60 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_60), lhs_mat_ymm_23_60, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_61 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_61), lhs_mat_ymm_01_61, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_61 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_61), lhs_mat_ymm_23_61, 1);
+
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_70 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_70), lhs_mat_ymm_01_70, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_70 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_70), lhs_mat_ymm_23_70, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_01_71 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_01_71), lhs_mat_ymm_01_71, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_mat_23_71 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_mat_ymm_23_71), lhs_mat_ymm_23_71, 1);
+
+                    // Bsums are loaded for the different Q8_K blocks
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptr[b].bsums + 32 * sb)));
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].bsums + 8 + 32 * sb));
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptr[b].bsums + 16 + 32 * sb)));
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].bsums + 24 + 32 * sb));
+
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_01_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_bsums_01_0123 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_01_0123), lhs_bsums_ymm_01_0123, 1);
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_23_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_bsums_23_0123 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_23_0123), lhs_bsums_ymm_23_0123, 1);
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_01_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_bsums_01_4567 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_01_4567), lhs_bsums_ymm_01_4567, 1);
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_ymm_23_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567, 1);
+                    __m512i lhs_bsums_23_4567 = _mm512_inserti32x8(_mm512_castsi256_si512(lhs_bsums_ymm_23_4567), lhs_bsums_ymm_23_4567, 1);
 
                     // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A03(0-3)
+
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A03(8-11)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A03(16-19)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A03(24-27)
 
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A13(0-3)
+
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A13(8-11)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A13(16-19)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A13(24-27)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_20_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A23(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_21_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A23(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_30_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A33(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_31_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A33(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_40_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A43(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_41_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A43(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_50_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A53(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_51_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A53(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_60_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A63(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_61_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A63(8-11)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_70_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A73(0-3)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_71_sp1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)160); //A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A73(8-11)
 
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_00_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7) A02(4-7) A02(4-7) A03(4-7) A03(4-7)
+
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A03(12-15)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A03(20-23)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A03(28-31)
 
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A13(4-7)
+
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
                     const __m512i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A13(12-15)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A13(20-23)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
-                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A13(28-31)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_20_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A23(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_21_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A23(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_30_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A33(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_31_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A33(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_40_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A43(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_41_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A43(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_50_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A53(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_51_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A53(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_60_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A63(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_61_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A63(12-15)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_70_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A73(4-7)
+
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_01_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15)
+                    const __m512i lhs_mat_23_71_sp2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)245); //A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A73(12-15)
 
                     // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
 
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
-                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
 
-                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_2_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_3_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_4_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_5_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_6_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_7_sp1 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_2_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_3_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_4_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_5_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_6_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_014589CD_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_7_sp2 = _mm512_add_epi16(_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm512_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367ABEF_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+
+                    // Combine results from both shuffle patterns for each output block
                     __m512i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
                     __m512i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
                     __m512i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
@@ -2484,6 +4910,37 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     __m512i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
                     __m512i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
 
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2_sp1, iacc_mat_00_2_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2_sp1, iacc_mat_01_2_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2_sp1, iacc_mat_10_2_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2_sp1, iacc_mat_11_2_sp2);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3_sp1, iacc_mat_00_3_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3_sp1, iacc_mat_01_3_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3_sp1, iacc_mat_10_3_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3_sp1, iacc_mat_11_3_sp2);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4_sp1, iacc_mat_00_4_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4_sp1, iacc_mat_01_4_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4_sp1, iacc_mat_10_4_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4_sp1, iacc_mat_11_4_sp2);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5_sp1, iacc_mat_00_5_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5_sp1, iacc_mat_01_5_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5_sp1, iacc_mat_10_5_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5_sp1, iacc_mat_11_5_sp2);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6_sp1, iacc_mat_00_6_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6_sp1, iacc_mat_01_6_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6_sp1, iacc_mat_10_6_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6_sp1, iacc_mat_11_6_sp2);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7_sp1, iacc_mat_00_7_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7_sp1, iacc_mat_01_7_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7_sp1, iacc_mat_10_7_sp2);
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm512_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7_sp1, iacc_mat_11_7_sp2);
+
+                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
                     iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_014589CD_0);
                     iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367ABEF_0);
                     iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0, scale_014589CD_0);
@@ -2494,20 +4951,46 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_014589CD_1);
                     iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367ABEF_1);
 
-                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
-                    __m512i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                    __m512i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_0);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_0, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                    __m512i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_0);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                    __m512i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01_1);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10_1, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
-                    __m512i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC,_mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11_1);
+                    iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2, scale_014589CD_2);
+                    iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2, scale_2367ABEF_2);
+                    iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2, scale_014589CD_2);
+                    iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2, scale_2367ABEF_2);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3, scale_014589CD_3);
+                    iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3, scale_2367ABEF_3);
+                    iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3, scale_014589CD_3);
+                    iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3, scale_2367ABEF_3);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4, scale_014589CD_4);
+                    iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4, scale_2367ABEF_4);
+                    iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4, scale_014589CD_4);
+                    iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4, scale_2367ABEF_4);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5, scale_014589CD_5);
+                    iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5, scale_2367ABEF_5);
+                    iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5, scale_014589CD_5);
+                    iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5, scale_2367ABEF_5);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6, scale_014589CD_6);
+                    iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6, scale_2367ABEF_6);
+                    iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6, scale_014589CD_6);
+                    iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6, scale_2367ABEF_6);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7, scale_014589CD_7);
+                    iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7, scale_2367ABEF_7);
+                    iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7, scale_014589CD_7);
+                    iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm512_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7, scale_2367ABEF_7);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_00 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, iacc_mat_00_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_2, iacc_mat_00_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_4, iacc_mat_00_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_6, iacc_mat_00_7)));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_01 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, iacc_mat_01_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_2, iacc_mat_01_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_4, iacc_mat_01_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_6, iacc_mat_01_7)));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_10 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, iacc_mat_10_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_2, iacc_mat_10_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_4, iacc_mat_10_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_6, iacc_mat_10_7)));
+                    __m512i iacc_mat_11 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, iacc_mat_11_1), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_2, iacc_mat_11_3)), _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_4, iacc_mat_11_5), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_6, iacc_mat_11_7)));
 
-                    __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
+                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                    __m512i iacc_row_0 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_00, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_1 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_2 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, iacc_mat_10, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_3 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(0xCCCC, _mm512_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)78), iacc_mat_11);
 
                     // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
                     const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptr[b].d);
@@ -2520,10 +5003,31 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     acc_rows[2] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[2]);
                     acc_rows[3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[3]);
 
-                    __m512i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_01);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
-                    __m512i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_01);
+                    // Take two bsums from two Q8_Ks at a time and multiply with corresponding mins values from each Q2_K
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_0_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_1_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_2_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_01);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_3_01 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_01);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_0_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_23);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_1_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_23);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_2_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_23);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_3_23 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_23);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_0_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_45);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_1_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_45);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_2_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)0), mins_45);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_3_45 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)170), mins_45);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_0_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_67);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_1_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_67);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_2_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)85), mins_67);
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_3_67 = _mm512_madd_epi16(_mm512_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, (_MM_PERM_ENUM)255), mins_67);
+
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_01, iacc_row_min_0_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_45,iacc_row_min_0_67));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_01, iacc_row_min_1_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_45,iacc_row_min_1_67));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_01, iacc_row_min_2_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_45,iacc_row_min_2_67));
+                    __m512i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm512_add_epi32(_mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_01, iacc_row_min_3_23), _mm512_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_45,iacc_row_min_3_67));
 
                     acc_min_rows[0] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[0]);
                     acc_min_rows[1] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[1]);
@@ -2531,17 +5035,19 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     acc_min_rows[3] = _mm512_fmadd_ps(_mm512_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_3), _mm512_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm512_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_min_rows[3]);
                 }
             }
-            // Store accumlated values
+            // Store accumulated values
             for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                 _mm512_storeu_ps((float * )(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), _mm512_sub_ps(acc_rows[i], acc_min_rows[i]));
             }
         }
     }
+
     if (anc != nc) {
         xstart = anc/8;
         y = 0;
     }
-#endif //AVX512F
+
+#endif // __AVX512BW__ && __AVX512DQ__
 
     // Take group of four block_q8_Kx4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
     for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
@@ -2553,10 +5059,10 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             a_ptrs[i + 1] = a_ptrs[i] + nb;
         }
 
-        // Take group of eight block_q4_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
+        // Take group of eight block_q2_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
         for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
 
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
 
             // Master FP accumulators
             __m256 acc_rows[16];
@@ -2571,62 +5077,95 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
 
             // For super block
             for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-
-                // Scale values - Load the eight scale values of block_q4_kx8
+                // Delta values - Load the eight scale values of block_q2_kx8
                 const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
 
-                // dmin values - Load the eight dmin values of block_q4_kx8
+                // dmin values - Load the eight dmin values of block_q2_kx8
                 const __m256 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].dmin);
 
-                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                // Loop to iterate over the sixteen sub blocks of a super block - eight sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 128; sb++) {
 
-                    // Load the eight block_q4_K for two sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+                    // Load the eight block_q2_K for eight sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
 
                     // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of values
+                    //superblock    sub block   which part of sub block
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, 240);
+
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, 240);
 
-                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit
-                    // First sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7)
+                    // 2-bit -> 8-bit
+                    // First sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m3b); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m3b); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m3b); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m3b); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15)
+
+                    // Second sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, m3b); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, m3b); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, m3b); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, m3b); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15)
+
+                    // Third sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_20 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 2), m3b); //B20(0-7) B21(0-7) B24(0-7) B25(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_20 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 2), m3b); //B22(0-7) B23(0-7) B26(0-7) B27(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_21 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 2), m3b); //B20(8-15) B21(8-15) B24(8-15) B25(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_21 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 2), m3b); //B22(8-15) B23(8-15) B26(8-15) B27(8-15)
+
+                    // Fourth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_30 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 2), m3b); //B30(0-7) B31(0-7) B34(0-7) B35(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_30 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 2), m3b); //B32(0-7) B33(0-7) B36(0-7) B37(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_31 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 2), m3b); //B30(8-15) B31(8-15) B34(8-15) B35(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_31 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 2), m3b); //B32(8-15) B33(8-15) B36(8-15) B37(8-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15)
+                    // Fifth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_40 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m3b); //B40(0-7) B41(0-7) B44(0-7) B45(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_40 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m3b); //B42(0-7) B43(0-7) B46(0-7) B47(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, m4b); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, m4b); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_41 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m3b); //B40(8-15) B41(8-15) B44(8-15) B45(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_41 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m3b); //B42(8-15) B43(8-15) B46(8-15) B47(8-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, m4b); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, m4b); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31)
+                    // Sixth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_50 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 4), m3b); //B50(0-7) B51(0-7) B54(0-7) B55(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_50 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 4), m3b); //B52(0-7) B53(0-7) B56(0-7) B57(0-7)
 
-                    // Second sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_51 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 4), m3b); //B50(8-15) B51(8-15) B54(8-15) B55(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_51 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 4), m3b); //B52(8-15) B53(8-15) B56(8-15) B57(8-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15)
+                    // Seventh sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_60 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 6), m3b); //B60(0-7) B61(0-7) B64(0-7) B65(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_60 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 6), m3b); //B62(0-7) B63(0-7) B66(0-7) B67(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 4), m4b); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 4), m4b); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_61 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 6), m3b); //B60(8-15) B61(8-15) B64(8-15) B65(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_61 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 6), m3b); //B62(8-15) B63(8-15) B66(8-15) B67(8-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 4), m4b); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 4), m4b); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31)
+                    // Eighth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_70 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 6), m3b); //B70(0-7) B71(0-7) B74(0-7) B75(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_70 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 6), m3b); //B72(0-7) B73(0-7) B76(0-7) B77(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_71 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 6), m3b); //B70(8-15) B71(8-15) B74(8-15) B75(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_71 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 6), m3b); //B72(8-15) B73(8-15) B76(8-15) B77(8-15)
 
                     // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_00, 136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3)
@@ -2635,23 +5174,47 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27)
-
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3)
 
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_20, 136); //B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_20, 136); //B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_21, 136); //B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_21, 136); //B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_30, 136); //B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_30, 136); //B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_31, 136); //B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_31, 136); //B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_40, 136); //B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_40, 136); //B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_41, 136); //B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_41, 136); //B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_50, 136); //B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_50, 136); //B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_51, 136); //B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_51, 136); //B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_60, 136); //B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_60, 136); //B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_61, 136); //B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_61, 136); //B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_70, 136); //B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_70, 136); //B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_71, 136); //B70(8-11) B71(8-11) B70(8-11) B71(8-11) B74(8-11) B75(8-11) B74(8-11) B75(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_71, 136); //B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11)
 
 
                     // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
@@ -2661,53 +5224,80 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31)
-
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7)
 
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_20, 221); //B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_20, 221); //B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_21, 221); //B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_21, 221); //B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15)
 
-                    uint32_t utmp_0[4], utmp_1[4];
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_30, 221); //B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_30, 221); //B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_0, b_ptr[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
-                    utmp_0[3] = ((utmp_0[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp_0[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_0[1] = (utmp_0[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_0[2] = uaux_0;
-                    utmp_0[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_31, 221); //B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_31, 221); //B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15)
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_1, b_ptr[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_1[3] = ((utmp_1[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_1 = utmp_1[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_1[1] = (utmp_1[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_1[2] = uaux_1;
-                    utmp_1[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_40, 221); //B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_40, 221); //B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_0[3], utmp_0[2], utmp_0[1], utmp_0[0]);
-                    const __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_41, 221); //B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_41, 221); //B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15)
 
-                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_1[3], utmp_1[2], utmp_1[1], utmp_1[0]);
-                    const __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_50, 221); //B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_50, 221); //B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7)
 
-                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
-                    const __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_51, 221); //B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_51, 221); //B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_60, 221); //B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_60, 221); //B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_61, 221); //B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_61, 221); //B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_70, 221); //B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_70, 221); //B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_71, 221); //B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_71, 221); //B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15)
+
+                    //Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q2_K structures are stored together
+                    //s00 m00  s01 m01   s10 m10  s11 m11  s20 m20  s21 m21   s30 m30  s31 m31  s40 m40  s41 m41   s50 m50  s51 m51  s60 m60  s61 m61   s70 m70  s71 m71
+
+                    // Combine mins and scales for sub-blocks: 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 in the sb loop
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_01 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_23 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 16 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_45 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 32 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_67 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 48 + sb * 64));
+
+                    // Extract scales which is lower half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m128i scales_01 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_01, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_23 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_23, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_45 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_45, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_67 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_67, m4b_sse);
+
+                    // Extract mins which is upper half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_01, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_23 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_23, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_45 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_45, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_67 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_67, 4), m4b_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalesmask2_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_2 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_3 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalesmask2_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_4 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_5 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalesmask2_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_6 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_7 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalesmask2_sse));
 
                     const __m256i scale_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 68);
                     const __m256i scale_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 238);
@@ -2715,64 +5305,133 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m256i scale_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 68);
                     const __m256i scale_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 238);
 
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_4 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_4 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_5 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_5 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_6 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_6 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_7 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_7 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, 238);
+
+
                     for (int rp = 0; rp < 4; rp++) {
 
                         // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
                         // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 32 + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 64 + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 96 + 512 * sb)));
                         __m256i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 0);
                         __m256i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 17);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 0);
-                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 17);
-
-                        // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
-                        __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
-                        __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
-                        lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_20 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 128 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_20, lhs_mat_0123_20, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_20, lhs_mat_0123_20, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_21 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 160 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_21, lhs_mat_0123_21, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_21, lhs_mat_0123_21, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_30 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 192 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_30, lhs_mat_0123_30, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_30, lhs_mat_0123_30, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_31 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 224 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_31, lhs_mat_0123_31, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_31, lhs_mat_0123_31, 17);
+
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_40 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 256 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_40, lhs_mat_0123_40, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_40, lhs_mat_0123_40, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_41 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 288 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_41, lhs_mat_0123_41, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_41, lhs_mat_0123_41, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_50 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 320 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_50, lhs_mat_0123_50, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_50, lhs_mat_0123_50, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_51 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 352 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_51, lhs_mat_0123_51, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_51, lhs_mat_0123_51, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_60 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 384 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_60, lhs_mat_0123_60, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_60, lhs_mat_0123_60, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_61 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 416 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_61, lhs_mat_0123_61, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_61, lhs_mat_0123_61, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_70 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 448 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_70, lhs_mat_0123_70, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_70, lhs_mat_0123_70, 17);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_0123_71 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptrs[rp][b].qs + 480 + 512 * sb)));
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_01_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_71, lhs_mat_0123_71, 0);
+                        __m256i lhs_mat_23_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_71, lhs_mat_0123_71, 17);
+
+                        // Bsums are loaded for the different Q8_K blocks
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 32 * sb)));
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 8 + 32 * sb));
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 16 + 32 * sb)));
+                        __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptrs[rp][b].bsums + 24 + 32 * sb));
 
                         // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, 160); //A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 160);  //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 160);  //A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11)
-
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 160);  //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 160);  //A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19)
-
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 160);  //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 160); //A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 160); //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 160); //A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11)
 
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 160); //A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 160);  //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 160);  //A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 160); //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 160); //A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 160);  //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 160);  //A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, 160); //A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, 160); //A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 160); //A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, 160); //A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, 160); //A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, 160); //A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, 160); //A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, 160); //A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, 160); //A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, 160); //A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, 160); //A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, 160); //A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, 160); //A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, 160); //A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, 160); //A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, 160); //A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, 160); //A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, 160); //A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, 160); //A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, 160); //A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, 160); //A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, 160); //A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, 160); //A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, 160); //A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, 160); //A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11)
 
                         // Shuffle pattern two- left side input
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
@@ -2781,44 +5440,147 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 245); //A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 245); //A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23)
-
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 245); //A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31)
-
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 245); //A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7)
 
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
                         const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 245); //A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 245); //A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, 245); //A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, 245); //A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7)
 
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
-                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 245); //A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, 245); //A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, 245); //A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, 245); //A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, 245); //A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, 245); //A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, 245); //A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, 245); //A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, 245); //A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, 245); //A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, 245); //A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, 245); //A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, 245); //A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, 245); //A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, 245); //A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, 245); //A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, 245); //A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, 245); //A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, 245); //A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, 245); //A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, 245); //A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7)
+
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_01_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, 245); //A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15)
+                        const __m256i lhs_mat_23_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, 245); //A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15)
 
                         // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
 
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
-                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
 
-                        // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+
+                        // Combine results from both shuffle patterns for each output block
                         __m256i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
                         __m256i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
                         __m256i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
@@ -2829,6 +5591,36 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                         __m256i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
                         __m256i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
 
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2_sp1, iacc_mat_00_2_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2_sp1, iacc_mat_01_2_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2_sp1, iacc_mat_10_2_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2_sp1, iacc_mat_11_2_sp2);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3_sp1, iacc_mat_00_3_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3_sp1, iacc_mat_01_3_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3_sp1, iacc_mat_10_3_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3_sp1, iacc_mat_11_3_sp2);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4_sp1, iacc_mat_00_4_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4_sp1, iacc_mat_01_4_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4_sp1, iacc_mat_10_4_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4_sp1, iacc_mat_11_4_sp2);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5_sp1, iacc_mat_00_5_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5_sp1, iacc_mat_01_5_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5_sp1, iacc_mat_10_5_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5_sp1, iacc_mat_11_5_sp2);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6_sp1, iacc_mat_00_6_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6_sp1, iacc_mat_01_6_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6_sp1, iacc_mat_10_6_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6_sp1, iacc_mat_11_6_sp2);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7_sp1, iacc_mat_00_7_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7_sp1, iacc_mat_01_7_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7_sp1, iacc_mat_10_7_sp2);
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7_sp1, iacc_mat_11_7_sp2);
+
                         // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
                         iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_0145_0);
                         iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367_0);
@@ -2840,35 +5632,87 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                         iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_0145_1);
                         iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367_1);
 
-                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
-                        __m256i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, 78), 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, 78), iacc_mat_01_0, 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, 78), 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, 78), iacc_mat_11_0, 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, 78), 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, 78), iacc_mat_01_1, 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, 78), 204);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, 78), iacc_mat_11_1, 204);
+                        iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2, scale_0145_2);
+                        iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2, scale_2367_2);
+                        iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2, scale_0145_2);
+                        iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2, scale_2367_2);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3, scale_0145_3);
+                        iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3, scale_2367_3);
+                        iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3, scale_0145_3);
+                        iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3, scale_2367_3);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4, scale_0145_4);
+                        iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4, scale_2367_4);
+                        iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4, scale_0145_4);
+                        iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4, scale_2367_4);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5, scale_0145_5);
+                        iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5, scale_2367_5);
+                        iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5, scale_0145_5);
+                        iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5, scale_2367_5);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6, scale_0145_6);
+                        iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6, scale_2367_6);
+                        iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6, scale_0145_6);
+                        iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6, scale_2367_6);
+
+                        iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7, scale_0145_7);
+                        iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7, scale_2367_7);
+                        iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7, scale_0145_7);
+                        iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7, scale_2367_7);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_00 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, iacc_mat_00_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_2, iacc_mat_00_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_4, iacc_mat_00_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_6, iacc_mat_00_7)));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_01 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, iacc_mat_01_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_2, iacc_mat_01_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_4, iacc_mat_01_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_6, iacc_mat_01_7)));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_10 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, iacc_mat_10_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_2, iacc_mat_10_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_4, iacc_mat_10_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_6, iacc_mat_10_7)));
+                        __m256i iacc_mat_11 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, iacc_mat_11_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_2, iacc_mat_11_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_4, iacc_mat_11_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_6, iacc_mat_11_7)));
 
-                        __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
+                        // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                        __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, 78), 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, 78), iacc_mat_01, 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, 78), 204);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, 78), iacc_mat_11, 204);
 
                         // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
                         const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptrs[rp][b].d);
-                        const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse);//GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptrs[rp][b].d, loadMask);
+                        const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse);
 
-                        // Multiply with appropiate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
+                        // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
                         acc_rows[rp * 4] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[rp * 4]);
                         acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
                         acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 2]);
                         acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[rp * 4 + 3]);
 
-                        __m256i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0), mins_01);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 85), mins_01);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 170), mins_01);
-                        __m256i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 255), mins_01);
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_01_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123, 1);
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_23_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123, 1);
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_01_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567, 1);
+                        __m256i lhs_bsums_23_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567, 1);
+
+                       // Take two bsums from two Q8_Ks at a time and multiply with corresponding mins values from each Q2_K
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_0_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 0), mins_01);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_1_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 170), mins_01);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_2_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 0), mins_01);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_3_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 170), mins_01);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_0_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 85), mins_23);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_1_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 255), mins_23);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_2_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 85), mins_23);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_3_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 255), mins_23);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_0_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 0), mins_45);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_1_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 170), mins_45);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_2_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 0), mins_45);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_3_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 170), mins_45);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_0_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 85), mins_67);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_1_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 255), mins_67);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_2_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 85), mins_67);
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_3_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 255), mins_67);
+
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_01, iacc_row_min_0_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_45,iacc_row_min_0_67));
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_01, iacc_row_min_1_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_45,iacc_row_min_1_67));
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_01, iacc_row_min_2_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_45,iacc_row_min_2_67));
+                        __m256i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_01, iacc_row_min_3_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_45,iacc_row_min_3_67));
 
                         acc_min_rows[rp * 4] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4]);
                         acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[rp * 4 + 1]);
@@ -2881,16 +5725,19 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             // Store the accumulated values
             for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                 _mm256_storeu_ps((float * )(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), _mm256_sub_ps(acc_rows[i], acc_min_rows[i]));
+
             }
         }
     }
-    for (; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+
+    for (; y < nr / 4; y ++) {
 
         const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = a_ptr_start + (y * nb);
 
+        // Take group of eight block_q2_kx8 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
         for (int64_t x = xstart; x < nc / 8; x++) {
 
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr = b_ptr_start + (x * b_nb);
 
             // Master FP accumulators
             __m256 acc_rows[4];
@@ -2904,62 +5751,95 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
             }
 
             for (int64_t b = 0; b < nb; b++) {
-
-                // Scale values - Load the eight scale values of block_q4_Kx8
+                // Delta values - Load the eight scale values of block_q2_kx8
                 const __m256 col_scale_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].d);
 
-                // dmin values - Load the eight dmin values of block_q4_Kx8
+                // dmin values - Load the eight dmin values of block_q2_kx8
                 const __m256 col_dmin_f32 = GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(b_ptr[b].dmin);
 
-                // Loop to iterate over the eight sub blocks of a super block - two sub blocks are processed per iteration
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 64; sb++) {
+                // Loop to iterate over the sixteen sub blocks of a super block - eight sub blocks are processed per iteration
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < QK_K / 128; sb++) {
 
-                    // Load the eight block_q4_k for two sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
-                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
+                    // Load the eight block_q2_k for eight sub blocks quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - B0,B1 ....B6,B7
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 32 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 64 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 96 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 128 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 160 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0123_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 192 + sb * 256));
+                    const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_4567_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(b_ptr[b].qs + 224 + sb * 256));
 
                     // Save the values in the following vectors in the formats B0B1B4B5, B2B3B6B7 for further processing and storing of values
+                    //superblock    sub block   which part of sub block
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_0, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_0, 240);
+
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_1, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_1, 240);
+
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_2, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_2, 240);
+
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_0145_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, requiredOrder), 240);
                     const __m256i rhs_raw_mat_2367_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(rhs_raw_mat_0123_3, requiredOrder), rhs_raw_mat_4567_3, 240);
 
-                    // 4-bit -> 8-bit
-                    // First sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m4b); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m4b); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7)
+                    // 2-bit -> 8-bit
+                    // First sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, m3b); //B00(0-7) B01(0-7) B04(0-7) B05(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_00 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, m3b); //B02(0-7) B03(0-7) B06(0-7) B07(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m3b); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m3b); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15)
+
+                    // Second sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, m3b); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, m3b); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, m3b); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, m3b); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15)
+
+                    // Third sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_20 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 2), m3b); //B20(0-7) B21(0-7) B24(0-7) B25(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_20 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 2), m3b); //B22(0-7) B23(0-7) B26(0-7) B27(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, m4b); //B00(8-15) B01(8-15) B04(8-15) B05(8-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, m4b); //B02(8-15) B03(8-15) B06(8-15) B07(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_21 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 2), m3b); //B20(8-15) B21(8-15) B24(8-15) B25(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_21 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 2), m3b); //B22(8-15) B23(8-15) B26(8-15) B27(8-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, m4b); //B00(16-23) B01(16-23) B04(16-23) B05(16-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, m4b); //B02(16-23) B03(16-23) B06(16-23) B07(16-23)
+                    // Fourth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_30 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 2), m3b); //B30(0-7) B31(0-7) B34(0-7) B35(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_30 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 2), m3b); //B32(0-7) B33(0-7) B36(0-7) B37(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, m4b); //B00(24-31) B01(24-31) B04(24-31) B05(24-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03 = _mm256_and_si256(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, m4b); //B02(24-31) B03(24-31) B06(24-31) B07(24-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_31 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 2), m3b); //B30(8-15) B31(8-15) B34(8-15) B35(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_31 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 2), m3b); //B32(8-15) B33(8-15) B36(8-15) B37(8-15)
 
-                    // Second sub block of the two sub blocks processed in the iteration
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m4b); //B10(0-7) B11(0-7) B14(0-7) B15(0-7)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m4b); //B12(0-7) B13(0-7) B16(0-7) B17(0-7)
+                    // Fifth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_40 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 4), m3b); //B40(0-7) B41(0-7) B44(0-7) B45(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_40 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 4), m3b); //B42(0-7) B43(0-7) B46(0-7) B47(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m4b); //B10(8-15) B11(8-15) B14(8-15) B15(8-15)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m4b); //B12(8-15) B13(8-15) B16(8-15) B17(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_41 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 4), m3b); //B40(8-15) B41(8-15) B44(8-15) B45(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_41 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 4), m3b); //B42(8-15) B43(8-15) B46(8-15) B47(8-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 4), m4b); //B10(16-23) B11(16-23) B14(16-23) B15(16-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 4), m4b); //B12(16-23) B13(16-23) B16(16-23) B17(16-23)
+                    // Sixth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_50 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 4), m3b); //B50(0-7) B51(0-7) B54(0-7) B55(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_50 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 4), m3b); //B52(0-7) B53(0-7) B56(0-7) B57(0-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 4), m4b); //B10(24-31) B11(24-31) B14(24-31) B15(24-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 4), m4b); //B12(24-31) B13(24-31) B16(24-31) B17(24-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_51 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 4), m3b); //B50(8-15) B51(8-15) B54(8-15) B55(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_51 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 4), m3b); //B52(8-15) B53(8-15) B56(8-15) B57(8-15)
+
+                    // Seventh sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_60 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_0, 6), m3b); //B60(0-7) B61(0-7) B64(0-7) B65(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_60 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_0, 6), m3b); //B62(0-7) B63(0-7) B66(0-7) B67(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_61 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_1, 6), m3b); //B60(8-15) B61(8-15) B64(8-15) B65(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_61 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_1, 6), m3b); //B62(8-15) B63(8-15) B66(8-15) B67(8-15)
+
+                    // Eighth sub block of the eight sub blocks processed in the iteration
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_70 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_2, 6), m3b); //B70(0-7) B71(0-7) B74(0-7) B75(0-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_70 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_2, 6), m3b); //B72(0-7) B73(0-7) B76(0-7) B77(0-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_71 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_0145_3, 6), m3b); //B70(8-15) B71(8-15) B74(8-15) B75(8-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_71 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(rhs_raw_mat_2367_3, 6), m3b); //B72(8-15) B73(8-15) B76(8-15) B77(8-15)
 
                     // Shuffle pattern one - right side input
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_00, 136); //B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B00(0-3) B01(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3) B04(0-3) B05(0-3)
@@ -2968,23 +5848,48 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 136); //B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B00(8-11) B01(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11) B04(8-11) B05(8-11)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 136); //B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B02(8-11) B03(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11) B06(8-11) B07(8-11)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 136); //B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B00(16-19) B01(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19) B04(16-19) B05(16-19)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 136); //B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B02(16-19) B03(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19) B06(16-19) B07(16-19)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 136); //B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B00(24-27) B01(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27) B04(24-27) B05(24-27)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 136); //B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B02(24-27) B03(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27) B06(24-27) B07(24-27)
-
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 136); //B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B10(0-3) B11(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3) B14(0-3) B15(0-3)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 136); //B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B12(0-3) B13(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3) B16(0-3) B17(0-3)
 
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 136); //B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B10(8-11) B11(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11) B14(8-11) B15(8-11)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 136); //B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B12(8-11) B13(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11) B16(8-11) B17(8-11)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 136); //B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B10(16-19) B11(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19) B14(16-19) B15(16-19)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 136); //B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B12(16-19) B13(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19) B16(16-19) B17(16-19)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_20, 136); //B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B20(0-3) B21(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3) B24(0-3) B25(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_20, 136); //B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B22(0-3) B23(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3) B26(0-3) B27(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_21, 136); //B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B20(8-11) B21(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11) B24(8-11) B25(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_21, 136); //B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B22(8-11) B23(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11) B26(8-11) B27(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_30, 136); //B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B30(0-3) B31(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3) B34(0-3) B35(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_30, 136); //B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B32(0-3) B33(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3) B36(0-3) B37(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_31, 136); //B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B30(8-11) B31(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11) B34(8-11) B35(8-11
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_31, 136); //B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B32(8-11) B33(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11) B36(8-11) B37(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_40, 136); //B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B40(0-3) B41(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3) B44(0-3) B45(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_40, 136); //B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B42(0-3) B43(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3) B46(0-3) B47(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_41, 136); //B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B40(8-11) B41(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11) B44(8-11) B45(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_41, 136); //B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B42(8-11) B43(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11) B46(8-11) B47(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_50, 136); //B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B50(0-3) B51(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3) B54(0-3) B55(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_50, 136); //B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B52(0-3) B53(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3) B56(0-3) B57(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_51, 136); //B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B50(8-11) B51(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11) B54(8-11) B55(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_51, 136); //B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B52(8-11) B53(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11) B56(8-11) B57(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_60, 136); //B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B60(0-3) B61(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3) B64(0-3) B65(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_60, 136); //B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B62(0-3) B63(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3) B66(0-3) B67(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_61, 136); //B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B60(8-11) B61(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11) B64(8-11) B65(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_61, 136); //B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B62(8-11) B63(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11) B66(8-11) B67(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_70, 136); //B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B70(0-3) B71(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3) B74(0-3) B75(0-3)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_70, 136); //B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B72(0-3) B73(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3) B76(0-3) B77(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_71, 136); //B70(8-11) B71(8-11) B70(8-11) B71(8-11) B74(8-11) B75(8-11) B74(8-11) B75(8-11)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_71, 136); //B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B72(8-11) B73(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11) B76(8-11) B77(8-11)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 136); //B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B10(24-27) B11(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27) B14(24-27) B15(24-27)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 136); //B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B12(24-27) B13(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27) B16(24-27) B17(24-27)
 
                     // Shuffle pattern two - right side input
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_00, 221); //B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B00(4-7) B01(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7) B04(4-7) B05(4-7)
@@ -2993,53 +5898,81 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_01, 221); //B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B00(12-15) B01(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15) B04(12-15) B05(12-15)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_01, 221); //B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B02(12-15) B03(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15) B06(12-15) B07(12-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_02, 221); //B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B00(20-23) B01(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23) B04(20-23) B05(20-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_02, 221); //B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B02(20-23) B03(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23) B06(20-23) B07(20-23)
-
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_03, 221); //B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B00(28-31) B01(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31) B04(28-31) B05(28-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_03, 221); //B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B02(28-31) B03(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31) B06(28-31) B07(28-31)
-
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_10, 221); //B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B10(4-7) B11(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7) B14(4-7) B15(4-7)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_10, 221); //B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B12(4-7) B13(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7) B16(4-7) B17(4-7)
 
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_11, 221); //B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B10(12-15) B11(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15) B14(12-15) B15(12-15)
                     const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_11, 221); //B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B12(12-15) B13(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15) B16(12-15) B17(12-15)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_12, 221); //B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B10(20-23) B11(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23) B14(20-23) B15(20-23)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_12, 221); //B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B12(20-23) B13(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23) B16(20-23) B17(20-23)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_20, 221); //B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B20(4-7) B21(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7) B24(4-7) B25(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_20, 221); //B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B22(4-7) B23(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7) B26(4-7) B27(4-7)
 
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_13, 221); //B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B10(28-31) B11(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31) B14(28-31) B15(28-31)
-                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_13, 221); //B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B12(28-31) B13(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31) B16(28-31) B17(28-31)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_21, 221); //B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B20(12-15) B21(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15) B24(12-15) B25(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_21, 221); //B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B22(12-15) B23(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15) B26(12-15) B27(12-15)
 
-                    uint32_t utmp_0[4], utmp_1[4];
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_30, 221); //B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B30(4-7) B31(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7) B34(4-7) B35(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_30, 221); //B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B32(4-7) B33(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7) B36(4-7) B37(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q4_K structures are stored together
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract first sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures for the sb loop
-                    memcpy(utmp_0, b_ptr[b].scales + 24 * sb, 12);
-                    utmp_0[3] = ((utmp_0[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp_0[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_0[1] = (utmp_0[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_0[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_0[2] = uaux_0;
-                    utmp_0[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_31, 221); //B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B30(12-15) B31(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15) B34(12-15) B35(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_31, 221); //B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B32(12-15) B33(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15) B36(12-15) B37(12-15)
 
-                    // The below block is for eg to extract second sub block's scales and mins from different Q4_K structures when sb = 1
-                    memcpy(utmp_1, b_ptr[b].scales + 12 + sb * 24, 12);
-                    utmp_1[3] = ((utmp_1[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_1 = utmp_1[1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp_1[1] = (utmp_1[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp_1[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp_1[2] = uaux_1;
-                    utmp_1[0] &= kmask1;
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_40, 221); //B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B40(4-7) B41(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7) B44(4-7) B45(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_40, 221); //B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B42(4-7) B43(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7) B46(4-7) B47(4-7)
 
-                    // Scales of first sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_0 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_0[3], utmp_0[2], utmp_0[1], utmp_0[0]);
-                    const __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_0, mins_and_scales_0));
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_41, 221); //B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B40(12-15) B41(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15) B44(12-15) B45(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_41, 221); //B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B42(12-15) B43(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15) B46(12-15) B47(12-15)
 
-                    // Scales of second sub block in the sb loop
-                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_1 = _mm_set_epi32(utmp_1[3], utmp_1[2], utmp_1[1], utmp_1[0]);
-                    const __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(mins_and_scales_1, mins_and_scales_1));
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_50, 221); //B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B50(4-7) B51(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7) B54(4-7) B55(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_50, 221); //B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B52(4-7) B53(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7) B56(4-7) B57(4-7)
 
-                    // Mins of first and second sub block of Q4_K block are arranged side by side
-                    const __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_0, 78), _mm_shuffle_epi32(mins_and_scales_1, 78)));
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_51, 221); //B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B50(12-15) B51(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15) B54(12-15) B55(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_51, 221); //B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B52(12-15) B53(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15) B56(12-15) B57(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_60, 221); //B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B60(4-7) B61(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7) B64(4-7) B65(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_60, 221); //B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B62(4-7) B63(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7) B66(4-7) B67(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_61, 221); //B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B60(12-15) B61(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15) B64(12-15) B65(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_61, 221); //B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B62(12-15) B63(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15) B66(12-15) B67(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_70, 221); //B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B70(4-7) B71(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7) B74(4-7) B75(4-7)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_70, 221); //B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B72(4-7) B73(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7) B76(4-7) B77(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_0145_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_0145_71, 221); //B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B70(12-15) B71(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15) B74(12-15) B75(12-15)
+                    const __m256i rhs_mat_2367_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(rhs_mat_2367_71, 221); //B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B72(12-15) B73(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15) B76(12-15) B77(12-15)
+
+
+                    //Scales and Mins of corresponding sub blocks from different Q2_K structures are stored together
+                    //s00 m00  s01 m01   s10 m10  s11 m11  s20 m20  s21 m21   s30 m30  s31 m31  s40 m40  s41 m41   s50 m50  s51 m51  s60 m60  s61 m61   s70 m70  s71 m71
+
+                    // Combine mins and scales for sub-blocks: 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 in the sb loop
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_01 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_23 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 16 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_45 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 32 + sb * 64));
+                    const __m128i mins_and_scales_67 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(b_ptr[b].scales + 48 + sb * 64));
+
+                    // Extract scales which is lower half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m128i scales_01 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_01, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_23 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_23, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_45 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_45, m4b_sse);
+                    const __m128i scales_67 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales_67, m4b_sse);
+
+                    // Extract mins which is upper half from mins_and_scales
+                    const __m256i mins_01 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_01, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_23 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_23, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_45 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_45, 4), m4b_sse));
+                    const __m256i mins_67 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales_67, 4), m4b_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_0 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_1 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_01, scalesmask2_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_2 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_3 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_23, scalesmask2_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_4 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_5 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_45, scalesmask2_sse));
+
+                    const __m256i scales_6 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalesmask1_sse));
+                    const __m256i scales_7 = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales_67, scalesmask2_sse));
 
                     const __m256i scale_0145_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 68);
                     const __m256i scale_2367_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_0, 238);
@@ -3047,62 +5980,130 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m256i scale_0145_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 68);
                     const __m256i scale_2367_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_1, 238);
 
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_2, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_3, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_4 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_4 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_4, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_5 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_5 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_5, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_6 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_6 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_6, 238);
+
+                    const __m256i scale_0145_7 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, 68);
+                    const __m256i scale_2367_7 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(scales_7, 238);
+
                     // Load the four block_q8_k quantized values interleaved with each other in chunks of eight bytes - A0,A1,A2,A3
                     // Loaded as set of 128 bit vectors and repeated into a 256 bit vector
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_00 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_01_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_23_00 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_00, lhs_mat_0123_00, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 32 + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_01_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_23_01 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_01, lhs_mat_0123_01, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_02 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 64 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_02 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_02, lhs_mat_0123_02, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_03 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 96 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_03 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_03, lhs_mat_0123_03, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 128 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_10 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 64 + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_01_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_23_10 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_10, lhs_mat_0123_10, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 160 + 256 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_11 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 96 + 512 * sb)));
                     __m256i lhs_mat_01_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 0);
                     __m256i lhs_mat_23_11 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_11, lhs_mat_0123_11, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_12 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 192 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_12 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_12, lhs_mat_0123_12, 17);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_13 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 224 + 256 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 0);
-                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_13 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_13, lhs_mat_0123_13, 17);
-
-                    // Bsums are loaded - four bsums are loaded (for two sub blocks) for the different Q8_K blocks
-                    __m256i lhs_bsums_0123_01 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].bsums + 16 * sb)));
-                    __m256i lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(_mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(lhs_bsums_0123_01), _mm256_extractf128_si256(lhs_bsums_0123_01, 1)));
-                    lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_20 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 128 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_20, lhs_mat_0123_20, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_20 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_20, lhs_mat_0123_20, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_21 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 160 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_21, lhs_mat_0123_21, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_21 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_21, lhs_mat_0123_21, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_30 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 192 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_30, lhs_mat_0123_30, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_30 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_30, lhs_mat_0123_30, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_31 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 224 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_31, lhs_mat_0123_31, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_31 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_31, lhs_mat_0123_31, 17);
+
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_40 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 256 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_40, lhs_mat_0123_40, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_40 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_40, lhs_mat_0123_40, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_41 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 288 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_41, lhs_mat_0123_41, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_41 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_41, lhs_mat_0123_41, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_50 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 320 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_50, lhs_mat_0123_50, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_50 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_50, lhs_mat_0123_50, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_51 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 352 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_51, lhs_mat_0123_51, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_51 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_51, lhs_mat_0123_51, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_60 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 384 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_60, lhs_mat_0123_60, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_60 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_60, lhs_mat_0123_60, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_61 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 416 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_61, lhs_mat_0123_61, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_61 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_61, lhs_mat_0123_61, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_70 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 448 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_70, lhs_mat_0123_70, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_70 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_70, lhs_mat_0123_70, 17);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_0123_71 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i * )((a_ptr[b].qs + 480 + 512 * sb)));
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_01_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_71, lhs_mat_0123_71, 0);
+                    __m256i lhs_mat_23_71 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(lhs_mat_0123_71, lhs_mat_0123_71, 17);
+
+                    // Bsums are loaded for the different Q8_K blocks
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptr[b].bsums + 32 * sb)));
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].bsums + 8 + 32 * sb));
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)((a_ptr[b].bsums + 16 + 32 * sb)));
+                    __m128i lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(a_ptr[b].bsums + 24 + 32 * sb));
 
                     // Shuffle pattern one - left side input
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 160); //A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3) A00(0-3) A00(0-3) A01(0-3) A01(0-3)
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_23_00_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_00, 160); //A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3) A02(0-3) A03(0-3)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 160);  //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 160);  //A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11)
-
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 160);  //A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19) A00(16-19) A00(16-19) A01(16-19) A01(16-19)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 160);  //A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19) A02(16-19) A03(16-19)
-
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 160);  //A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27) A00(24-27) A00(24-27) A01(24-27) A01(24-27)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 160); //A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27) A02(24-27) A03(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 160); //A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11) A00(8-11) A00(8-11) A01(8-11) A01(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 160); //A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11) A02(8-11) A03(8-11)
 
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 160); //A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3) A10(0-3) A10(0-3) A11(0-3) A11(0-3)
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 160); //A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3) A12(0-3) A13(0-3)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 160);  //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 160);  //A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 160); //A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11) A10(8-11) A10(8-11) A11(8-11) A11(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 160); //A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11) A12(8-11) A13(8-11)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 160);  //A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19) A10(16-19) A10(16-19) A11(16-19) A11(16-19)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 160);  //A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19) A12(16-19) A13(16-19)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, 160); //A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3) A20(0-3) A20(0-3) A21(0-3) A21(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_20_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, 160); //A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3) A22(0-3) A23(0-3)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 160); //A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27) A10(24-27) A10(24-27) A11(24-27) A11(24-27)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 160); //A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27) A12(24-27) A13(24-27)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, 160); //A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11) A20(8-11) A20(8-11) A21(8-11) A21(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_21_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, 160); //A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11) A22(8-11) A23(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, 160); //A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3) A30(0-3) A30(0-3) A31(0-3) A31(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_30_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, 160); //A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3) A32(0-3) A33(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, 160); //A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11) A30(8-11) A30(8-11) A31(8-11) A31(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_31_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, 160); //A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11) A32(8-11) A33(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, 160); //A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3) A40(0-3) A40(0-3) A41(0-3) A41(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_40_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, 160); //A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3) A42(0-3) A43(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, 160); //A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11) A40(8-11) A40(8-11) A41(8-11) A41(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_41_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, 160); //A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11) A42(8-11) A43(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, 160); //A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3) A50(0-3) A50(0-3) A51(0-3) A51(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_50_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, 160); //A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3) A52(0-3) A53(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, 160); //A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11) A50(8-11) A50(8-11) A51(8-11) A51(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_51_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, 160); //A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11) A52(8-11) A53(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, 160); //A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3) A60(0-3) A60(0-3) A61(0-3) A61(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_60_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, 160); //A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3) A62(0-3) A63(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, 160); //A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11) A60(8-11) A60(8-11) A61(8-11) A61(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_61_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, 160); //A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11) A62(8-11) A63(8-11)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, 160); //A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3) A70(0-3) A70(0-3) A71(0-3) A71(0-3)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_70_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, 160); //A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3) A72(0-3) A73(0-3)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, 160); //A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11) A70(8-11) A70(8-11) A71(8-11) A71(8-11)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_71_sp1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, 160); //A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11) A72(8-11) A73(8-11)
 
                     // Shuffle pattern two- left side input
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_01_00_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_00, 245); //A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7) A00(4-7) A00(4-7) A01(4-7) A01(4-7)
@@ -3111,44 +6112,147 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_01_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_01, 245); //A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15) A00(12-15) A00(12-15) A01(12-15) A01(12-15)
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_23_01_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_01, 245); //A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15) A02(12-15) A03(12-15)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_02, 245); //A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23) A00(20-23) A00(20-23) A01(20-23) A01(20-23)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_02_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_02, 245); //A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23) A02(20-23) A03(20-23)
-
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_03, 245); //A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31) A00(28-31) A00(28-31) A01(28-31) A01(28-31)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_03_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_03, 245); //A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31) A02(28-31) A03(28-31)
-
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_01_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_10, 245); //A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7) A10(4-7) A10(4-7) A11(4-7) A11(4-7)
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_23_10_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_10, 245); //A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7) A12(4-7) A13(4-7)
 
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_01_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_11, 245); //A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15) A10(12-15) A10(12-15) A11(12-15) A11(12-15)
                     const __m256i lhs_mat_23_11_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_11, 245); //A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15) A12(12-15) A13(12-15)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_12, 245); //A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23) A10(20-23) A10(20-23) A11(20-23) A11(20-23)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_12_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_12, 245); //A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23) A12(20-23) A13(20-23)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_20, 245); //A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7) A20(4-7) A20(4-7) A21(4-7) A21(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_20_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_20, 245); //A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7) A22(4-7) A23(4-7)
 
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_13, 245); //A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31) A10(28-31) A10(28-31) A11(28-31) A11(28-31)
-                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_13_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_13, 245); //A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31) A12(28-31) A13(28-31)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_21, 245); //A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15) A20(12-15) A20(12-15) A21(12-15) A21(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_21_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_21, 245); //A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15) A22(12-15) A23(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_30, 245); //A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7) A30(4-7) A30(4-7) A31(4-7) A31(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_30_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_30, 245); //A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7) A32(4-7) A33(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_31, 245); //A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15) A30(12-15) A30(12-15) A31(12-15) A31(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_31_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_31, 245); //A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15) A32(12-15) A33(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_40, 245); //A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7) A40(4-7) A40(4-7) A41(4-7) A41(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_40_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_40, 245); //A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7) A42(4-7) A43(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_41, 245); //A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15) A40(12-15) A40(12-15) A41(12-15) A41(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_41_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_41, 245); //A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15) A42(12-15) A43(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_50, 245); //A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7) A50(4-7) A50(4-7) A51(4-7) A51(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_50_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_50, 245); //A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7) A52(4-7) A53(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_51, 245); //A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15) A50(12-15) A50(12-15) A51(12-15) A51(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_51_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_51, 245); //A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15) A52(12-15) A53(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_60, 245); //A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7) A60(4-7) A60(4-7) A61(4-7) A61(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_60_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_60, 245); //A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7) A62(4-7) A63(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_61, 245); //A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15) A60(12-15) A60(12-15) A61(12-15) A61(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_61_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_61, 245); //A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15) A62(12-15) A63(12-15)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_70, 245); //A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7) A70(4-7) A70(4-7) A71(4-7) A71(4-7)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_70_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_70, 245); //A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7) A72(4-7) A73(4-7)
+
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_01_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_01_71, 245); //A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15) A70(12-15) A70(12-15) A71(12-15) A71(12-15)
+                    const __m256i lhs_mat_23_71_sp2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_mat_23_71, 245); //A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15) A72(12-15) A73(12-15)
 
                     // The values arranged in shuffle patterns are operated with dot product operation within 32 bit lane i.e corresponding bytes and multiplied and added into 32 bit integers within 32 bit lane
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_01_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_01_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp1, lhs_mat_23_03_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp1, lhs_mat_23_02_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_01_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_01_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp1, lhs_mat_23_13_sp1), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp1, lhs_mat_23_12_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_01_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_01_01_sp1));
 
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_01_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_01_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_03_sp2, lhs_mat_23_03_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_02_sp2, lhs_mat_23_02_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_01_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_01_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
-                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_13_sp2, lhs_mat_23_13_sp2), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_12_sp2, lhs_mat_23_12_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2)), _mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp1, lhs_mat_23_00_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp1, lhs_mat_23_01_sp1));
 
-                    // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_01_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_01_11_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp1, lhs_mat_23_10_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp1, lhs_mat_23_11_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp1, lhs_mat_01_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp1, lhs_mat_01_21_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_2_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp1, lhs_mat_23_20_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp1, lhs_mat_23_21_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp1, lhs_mat_01_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp1, lhs_mat_01_31_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_3_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp1, lhs_mat_23_30_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp1, lhs_mat_23_31_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp1, lhs_mat_01_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp1, lhs_mat_01_41_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_4_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp1, lhs_mat_23_40_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp1, lhs_mat_23_41_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp1, lhs_mat_01_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp1, lhs_mat_01_51_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_5_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp1, lhs_mat_23_50_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp1, lhs_mat_23_51_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp1, lhs_mat_01_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp1, lhs_mat_01_61_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_6_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp1, lhs_mat_23_60_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp1, lhs_mat_23_61_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp1, lhs_mat_01_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp1, lhs_mat_01_71_sp1));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_7_sp1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp1, lhs_mat_23_70_sp1),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp1, lhs_mat_23_71_sp1));
+
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_01_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_01_01_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_0_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_00_sp2, lhs_mat_23_00_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_01_sp2, lhs_mat_23_01_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_01_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_01_11_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_1_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_10_sp2, lhs_mat_23_10_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_11_sp2, lhs_mat_23_11_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp2, lhs_mat_01_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp2, lhs_mat_01_21_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_2_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_20_sp2, lhs_mat_23_20_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_21_sp2, lhs_mat_23_21_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp2, lhs_mat_01_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp2, lhs_mat_01_31_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_3_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_30_sp2, lhs_mat_23_30_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_31_sp2, lhs_mat_23_31_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp2, lhs_mat_01_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp2, lhs_mat_01_41_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_4_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_40_sp2, lhs_mat_23_40_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_41_sp2, lhs_mat_23_41_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp2, lhs_mat_01_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp2, lhs_mat_01_51_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_5_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_50_sp2, lhs_mat_23_50_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_51_sp2, lhs_mat_23_51_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp2, lhs_mat_01_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp2, lhs_mat_01_61_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_6_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_60_sp2, lhs_mat_23_60_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_61_sp2, lhs_mat_23_61_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp2, lhs_mat_01_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp2, lhs_mat_01_71_sp2));
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_0145_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_7_sp2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_70_sp2, lhs_mat_23_70_sp2),_mm256_maddubs_epi16(rhs_mat_2367_71_sp2, lhs_mat_23_71_sp2));
+
+                    // Combine results from both shuffle patterns for each output block.
                     __m256i iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0_sp1, iacc_mat_00_0_sp2);
                     __m256i iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0_sp1, iacc_mat_01_0_sp2);
                     __m256i iacc_mat_10_0 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_0_sp1, iacc_mat_10_0_sp2);
@@ -3159,6 +6263,36 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     __m256i iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1_sp1, iacc_mat_10_1_sp2);
                     __m256i iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1_sp1, iacc_mat_11_1_sp2);
 
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2_sp1, iacc_mat_00_2_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2_sp1, iacc_mat_01_2_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2_sp1, iacc_mat_10_2_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2_sp1, iacc_mat_11_2_sp2);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3_sp1, iacc_mat_00_3_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3_sp1, iacc_mat_01_3_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3_sp1, iacc_mat_10_3_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3_sp1, iacc_mat_11_3_sp2);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4_sp1, iacc_mat_00_4_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4_sp1, iacc_mat_01_4_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4_sp1, iacc_mat_10_4_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4_sp1, iacc_mat_11_4_sp2);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5_sp1, iacc_mat_00_5_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5_sp1, iacc_mat_01_5_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5_sp1, iacc_mat_10_5_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5_sp1, iacc_mat_11_5_sp2);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6_sp1, iacc_mat_00_6_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6_sp1, iacc_mat_01_6_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6_sp1, iacc_mat_10_6_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6_sp1, iacc_mat_11_6_sp2);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7_sp1, iacc_mat_00_7_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7_sp1, iacc_mat_01_7_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7_sp1, iacc_mat_10_7_sp2);
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm256_add_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7_sp1, iacc_mat_11_7_sp2);
+
                     // Output of both shuffle patterns are added in order to sum dot product outputs of all 32 values in block
                     iacc_mat_00_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_0, scale_0145_0);
                     iacc_mat_01_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_0, scale_2367_0);
@@ -3170,35 +6304,87 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     iacc_mat_10_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_1, scale_0145_1);
                     iacc_mat_11_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_1, scale_2367_1);
 
-                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors (4 for each sub block which are accumulated together in the next step)
-                    __m256i iacc_row_0_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, 78), 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_1_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, 78), iacc_mat_01_0, 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_2_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, 78), 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_3_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, 78), iacc_mat_11_0, 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_0_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01_1, 78), 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_1_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00_1, 78), iacc_mat_01_1, 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_2_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11_1, 78), 204);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_3_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10_1, 78), iacc_mat_11_1, 204);
+                    iacc_mat_00_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_2, scale_0145_2);
+                    iacc_mat_01_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_2, scale_2367_2);
+                    iacc_mat_10_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_2, scale_0145_2);
+                    iacc_mat_11_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_2, scale_2367_2);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_3, scale_0145_3);
+                    iacc_mat_01_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_3, scale_2367_3);
+                    iacc_mat_10_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_3, scale_0145_3);
+                    iacc_mat_11_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_3, scale_2367_3);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_4, scale_0145_4);
+                    iacc_mat_01_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_4, scale_2367_4);
+                    iacc_mat_10_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_4, scale_0145_4);
+                    iacc_mat_11_4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_4, scale_2367_4);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_5, scale_0145_5);
+                    iacc_mat_01_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_5, scale_2367_5);
+                    iacc_mat_10_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_5, scale_0145_5);
+                    iacc_mat_11_5 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_5, scale_2367_5);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_6, scale_0145_6);
+                    iacc_mat_01_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_6, scale_2367_6);
+                    iacc_mat_10_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_6, scale_0145_6);
+                    iacc_mat_11_6 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_6, scale_2367_6);
+
+                    iacc_mat_00_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_00_7, scale_0145_7);
+                    iacc_mat_01_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_01_7, scale_2367_7);
+                    iacc_mat_10_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_10_7, scale_0145_7);
+                    iacc_mat_11_7 = _mm256_madd_epi16(iacc_mat_11_7, scale_2367_7);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_00 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_0, iacc_mat_00_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_2, iacc_mat_00_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_4, iacc_mat_00_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_00_6, iacc_mat_00_7)));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_01 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_0, iacc_mat_01_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_2, iacc_mat_01_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_4, iacc_mat_01_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_01_6, iacc_mat_01_7)));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_10 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_0, iacc_mat_10_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_2, iacc_mat_10_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_4, iacc_mat_10_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_10_6, iacc_mat_10_7)));
+                    __m256i iacc_mat_11 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_0, iacc_mat_11_1), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_2, iacc_mat_11_3)), _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_4, iacc_mat_11_5), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_mat_11_6, iacc_mat_11_7)));
 
-                    __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_0_0, iacc_row_0_1);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_1_0, iacc_row_1_1);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_2_0, iacc_row_2_1);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_3_0, iacc_row_3_1);
+                    // Straighten out to make 4 row vectors
+                    __m256i iacc_row_0 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_00, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_01, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_1 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_00, 78), iacc_mat_01, 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_2 = _mm256_blend_epi32(iacc_mat_10, _mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_11, 78), 204);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_3 = _mm256_blend_epi32(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(iacc_mat_10, 78), iacc_mat_11, 204);
 
                     // Load the scale(d) values for all the 4 Q8_k blocks and repeat it across lanes
                     const __m128 row_scale_f32_sse = _mm_load_ps(a_ptr[b].d);
-                    const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse); //GGML_F32Cx8_REPEAT_LOAD(a_ptrs[rp][b].d, loadMask);
+                    const __m256 row_scale_f32 = _mm256_set_m128(row_scale_f32_sse, row_scale_f32_sse);
 
-                    // Multiply with appropiate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
+                    // Multiply with appropriate scales and accumulate (for both d and dmin) below
                     acc_rows[0] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_rows[0]);
                     acc_rows[1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_rows[1]);
                     acc_rows[2] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_2), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 170)), acc_rows[2]);
                     acc_rows[3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_scale_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_rows[3]);
 
-                    __m256i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 0), mins_01);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 85), mins_01);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 170), mins_01);
-                    __m256i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_hsum_0123_01, 255), mins_01);
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_01_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_01_0123, 1);
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_23_0123 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123), lhs_raw_bsums_23_0123, 1);
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_01_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_01_4567, 1);
+                    __m256i lhs_bsums_23_4567 = _mm256_inserti128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567), lhs_raw_bsums_23_4567, 1);
+
+                    // Take two bsums from two Q8_Ks at a time and multiply with corresponding mins values from each Q2_K
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_0_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 0), mins_01);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_1_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 170), mins_01);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_2_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 0), mins_01);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_3_01 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 170), mins_01);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_0_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 85), mins_23);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_1_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_0123, 255), mins_23);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_2_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 85), mins_23);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_3_23 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_0123, 255), mins_23);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_0_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 0), mins_45);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_1_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 170), mins_45);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_2_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 0), mins_45);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_3_45 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 170), mins_45);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_0_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 85), mins_67);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_1_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_01_4567, 255), mins_67);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_2_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 85), mins_67);
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_3_67 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi32(lhs_bsums_23_4567, 255), mins_67);
+
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_01, iacc_row_min_0_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_0_45,iacc_row_min_0_67));
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_1 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_01, iacc_row_min_1_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_1_45,iacc_row_min_1_67));
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_2 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_01, iacc_row_min_2_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_2_45,iacc_row_min_2_67));
+                    __m256i iacc_row_min_3 = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_01, iacc_row_min_3_23), _mm256_add_epi32(iacc_row_min_3_45,iacc_row_min_3_67));
 
                     acc_min_rows[0] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_0), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 0)), acc_min_rows[0]);
                     acc_min_rows[1] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_1), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 85)), acc_min_rows[1]);
@@ -3206,79 +6392,16 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
                     acc_min_rows[3] = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_cvtepi32_ps(iacc_row_min_3), _mm256_mul_ps(col_dmin_f32, _mm256_shuffle_ps(row_scale_f32, row_scale_f32, 255)), acc_min_rows[3]);
                 }
             }
-
             // Store the accumulated values
             for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                 _mm256_storeu_ps((float * )(s + ((y * 4 + i) * bs + x * 8)), _mm256_sub_ps(acc_rows[i], acc_min_rows[i]));
             }
         }
     }
-
 #else
 
-    float sumf[4][8];
-    float sum_minf[4][8];
-    uint32_t utmp[32];
-    int sumi1;
-    int sumi2;
-    int sumi;
-
-    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-                    sum_minf[m][j] = 0.0;
-                }
-            }
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                    memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
-                }
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    uint8_t *scales_0 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32;
-                    uint8_t *scales_1 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32 + 16;
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi1 = 0;
-                            sumi2 = 0;
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
-                                sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 256 + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]);
-                                sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 256 + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + 128]);
-                                sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
-                                sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
-                                sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
-                            }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                    uint8_t *mins = (uint8_t*) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
-                    for(int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        const int16_t *bsums = a_ptr[l].bsums + (sb * 8) + (m * 4) - ((sb % 2) * 6);
-                        for(int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sum_minf[m][j] += mins[j] * (bsums[0] + bsums[1]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j] - sum_minf[m][j];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+
+
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/binary-ops.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/binary-ops.cpp
index 14f5b43ae0e..75e38290015 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/binary-ops.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/binary-ops.cpp
@@ -59,11 +59,7 @@ static void apply_binary_op(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * ds
     GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(src0_t));
 
     const auto [ir0, ir1] = get_thread_range(params, src0);
-    const bool is_src1_contiguous = (nb10 == sizeof(src1_t));
-
-    if (!is_src1_contiguous) { // broadcast not implemented yet for non-contiguous
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1));
-    }
+    const bool is_src1_contiguous_rows = ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src1);
 
 #ifdef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
     vDSP_fn_t vDSP_op = nullptr;
@@ -94,7 +90,7 @@ static void apply_binary_op(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * ds
         const src0_t * src0_ptr = (const src0_t *) ((const char *) src0->data + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01);
         const src1_t * src1_ptr = (const src1_t *) ((const char *) src1->data + i13*nb13 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11);
 
-        if (is_src1_contiguous) {
+        if (is_src1_contiguous_rows) {
             // src1 is broadcastable across src0 and dst in i1, i2, i3
             const int64_t nr0 = ne00 / ne10;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/common.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/common.h
index 5624176cce9..abbadc359c5 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/common.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/common.h
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
 #include "traits.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
+
+#define GGML_FA_TILE_Q  64
+#define GGML_FA_TILE_KV 64
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 
@@ -12,11 +16,11 @@
 // convenience functions/macros for use in template calls
 // note: these won't be required after the 'traits' lookup table is used.
 static inline ggml_fp16_t f32_to_f16(float x) {
-    return GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x);
+    return GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x);
 }
 
 static inline float f16_to_f32(ggml_fp16_t x) {
-    return GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+    return GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
 }
 
 static inline ggml_bf16_t f32_to_bf16(float x) {
@@ -27,6 +31,14 @@ static inline float bf16_to_f32(ggml_bf16_t x) {
     return GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(x);
 }
 
+static inline float i32_to_f32(int32_t x) {
+    return x;
+}
+
+static inline int32_t f32_to_i32(float x) {
+    return x;
+}
+
 static inline float f32_to_f32(float x) {
     return x;
 }
@@ -53,6 +65,12 @@ struct type_conversion_table<ggml_bf16_t> {
     static constexpr ggml_bf16_t (*from_f32)(float) = f32_to_bf16;
 };
 
+template <>
+struct type_conversion_table<int32_t> {
+    static constexpr float (*to_f32)(int32_t) = i32_to_f32;
+    static constexpr int32_t (*from_f32)(float) = f32_to_i32;
+};
+
 static std::pair<int64_t, int64_t> get_thread_range(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, const struct ggml_tensor * src0) {
     const int64_t ith = params->ith;
     const int64_t nth = params->nth;
@@ -69,4 +87,9 @@ static std::pair<int64_t, int64_t> get_thread_range(const struct ggml_compute_pa
     return {ir0, ir1};
 }
 
+struct ggml_fa_tile_config {
+    static constexpr size_t Q  = GGML_FA_TILE_Q;
+    static constexpr size_t KV = GGML_FA_TILE_KV;
+};
+
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h
index 73a8f93987a..88a9c9ec057 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ struct ggml_compute_params {
     void * wdata;
 
     struct ggml_threadpool * threadpool;
+
+    // use reference implementation
+    bool use_ref;
 };
 
 
@@ -62,13 +65,13 @@ struct ggml_compute_params {
 #if defined(__s390x__) && defined(__VEC__)
 #ifndef __VXE__
 #define __VXE__
-#endif
+#endif  // __VXE__
 #ifndef __VXE2__
 #define __VXE2__
-#endif
-#endif
+#endif  // __VXE2__
+#endif  // __s390x__ && __VEC__
 
-#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__linux__)
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -328,7 +331,7 @@ inline static int32x4_t ggml_vdotq_s32(int32x4_t acc, int8x16_t a, int8x16_t b)
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
 #include <intrin.h>
-#elif defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__) || defined(__SSE3__) || defined(__SSE__)
+#elif defined(__SSE__) || defined(__SSE3__) || defined(__SSSE3__) || defined(__AVX__) || defined(__F16C__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__AVX512BF16__)
 #include <immintrin.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -480,6 +483,19 @@ inline static int16x8_t vec_padd_s16(int16x8_t a, int16x8_t b) {
     return v_abo + v_abe;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14037
+ */
+inline static float vec_hsum_f32x4(float32x4_t v) {
+    float32x4_t v_temp = v + vec_reve(v);
+    return v_temp[0] + v_temp[1];
+}
+
+inline static int32_t vec_hsum_i32x4(int32x4_t v) {
+    int32x4_t v_temp = v + vec_reve(v);
+    return v_temp[0] + v_temp[1];
+}
+
 inline static int32x4_t ggml_vec_dot(int32x4_t acc, int8x16_t a, int8x16_t b) {
     const int16x8_t p = vec_mule(a, b) + vec_mulo(a, b);
     return acc + (vec_unpackh(p) + vec_unpackl(p));
@@ -487,13 +503,15 @@ inline static int32x4_t ggml_vec_dot(int32x4_t acc, int8x16_t a, int8x16_t b) {
 
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__loongarch_asx)
+#if defined(__loongarch_sx)
 /* float type data load instructions */
 static __m128 __lsx_vreplfr2vr_s(const float val) {
     v4f32 res = {val, val, val, val};
     return (__m128)res;
 }
+#endif
 
+#if defined(__loongarch_asx)
 static __m256 __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(const float val) {
     v8f32 res = {val, val, val, val, val, val, val, val};
     return (__m256)res;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c
index 1d3cd009aff..8b323bd9b06 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
 #include "traits.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "quants.h"
 #include "ggml-threading.h"
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "vec.h"
 #include "ops.h"
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "common.h"
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
 #include <malloc.h> // using malloc.h with MSC/MINGW
@@ -72,12 +72,23 @@
 #define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
 #define SWAP(x, y, T) do { T SWAP = x; (x) = y; (y) = SWAP; } while (0)
 
+// precomputed f32 table for f16 (256 KB) (simd-mappings.h)
+float ggml_table_f32_f16[1 << 16];
+
+// precomputed f32 table for e8m0 half (1 KB) (simd-mappings.h)
+float ggml_table_f32_e8m0_half[1 << 8];
+
 #if defined(__ARM_ARCH)
 struct ggml_arm_arch_features_type {
     int sve_cnt;
 } ggml_arm_arch_features = { 0 };
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__riscv)
+struct ggml_riscv_arch_features_type {
+    int rvv_vlen;
+} ggml_riscv_arch_features = { 0 };
+#endif
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 
@@ -184,6 +195,9 @@ typedef void * thread_ret_t;
 
 typedef pthread_t ggml_thread_t;
 
+#define GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_MASK (0xffffU)
+#define GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_BITS (16)
+
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <mach/mach.h>
@@ -192,6 +206,7 @@ typedef pthread_t ggml_thread_t;
 
 static const struct ggml_type_traits_cpu type_traits_cpu[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_F32] = {
+        .from_float               = (ggml_from_float_t) ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp32,
         .vec_dot                  = (ggml_vec_dot_t) ggml_vec_dot_f32,
         .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_F32,
         .nrows                    = 1,
@@ -249,6 +264,18 @@ static const struct ggml_type_traits_cpu type_traits_cpu[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
         .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_1,
         .nrows                    = 1,
     },
+    [GGML_TYPE_MXFP4] = {
+        .from_float               = quantize_row_mxfp4,
+        .vec_dot                  = ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0,
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        .nrows                    = 1,
+    },
+    [GGML_TYPE_NVFP4] = {
+        .from_float               = quantize_row_nvfp4,
+        .vec_dot                  = ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0,
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        .nrows                    = 1,
+    },
     [GGML_TYPE_Q2_K] = {
         .from_float               = quantize_row_q2_K,
         .vec_dot                  = ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K,
@@ -363,6 +390,9 @@ static const struct ggml_type_traits_cpu type_traits_cpu[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
         .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_K,
         .nrows                    = 1,
     },
+    [GGML_TYPE_I32] = {
+        .from_float               = (ggml_from_float_t) ggml_cpu_fp32_to_i32,
+    },
 };
 
 const struct ggml_type_traits_cpu * ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(enum ggml_type type) {
@@ -436,7 +466,7 @@ struct ggml_threadpool {
     struct ggml_cplan  * cplan;
 
     // synchronization primitives
-    atomic_int n_graph;       // incremented when there is work to be done (i.e each graph)
+    atomic_int n_graph;       // updated when there is work to be done (i.e each graph) holds graph and active thread counts.
     atomic_int GGML_CACHE_ALIGN n_barrier;
     atomic_int GGML_CACHE_ALIGN n_barrier_passed;
     atomic_int GGML_CACHE_ALIGN current_chunk; // currently processing chunk during Mat_Mul, shared between all the threads.
@@ -444,12 +474,10 @@ struct ggml_threadpool {
     // these are atomic as an annotation for thread-sanitizer
     atomic_bool stop;         // Used for stopping the threadpool altogether
     atomic_bool pause;        // Used for pausing the threadpool or individual threads
-    atomic_int abort;         // Used for aborting processing of a graph
+    atomic_int  abort;        // Used for aborting processing of a graph
 
     struct ggml_compute_state * workers;   // per thread state
-    int          n_threads_max; // number of threads in the pool
-    atomic_int   n_threads_cur; // number of threads used in the current graph
-
+    int          n_threads;   // Number of threads in the pool
     int32_t      prio;        // Scheduling priority
     uint32_t     poll;        // Polling level (0 - no polling)
 
@@ -460,10 +488,10 @@ struct ggml_threadpool {
 struct ggml_compute_state {
 #ifndef GGML_USE_OPENMP
     ggml_thread_t thrd;
-    bool cpumask[GGML_MAX_N_THREADS];
     int  last_graph;
     bool pending;
 #endif
+    bool cpumask[GGML_MAX_N_THREADS];
     struct ggml_threadpool * threadpool;
     int ith;
 };
@@ -477,6 +505,15 @@ static inline void ggml_thread_cpu_relax(void) {
 static inline void ggml_thread_cpu_relax(void) {
     _mm_pause();
 }
+#elif defined(__riscv)
+static inline void ggml_thread_cpu_relax(void) {
+    #ifdef __riscv_zihintpause
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("pause");
+    #else
+        /* Encoding of the pause instruction */
+        __asm__ __volatile__ (".4byte 0x100000F");
+    #endif
+}
 #else
 static inline void ggml_thread_cpu_relax(void) {;}
 #endif
@@ -517,7 +554,7 @@ struct ggml_state {
 static struct ggml_state g_state = {0};
 
 void ggml_barrier(struct ggml_threadpool * tp) {
-    int n_threads = atomic_load_explicit(&tp->n_threads_cur, memory_order_relaxed);
+    int n_threads = atomic_load_explicit(&tp->n_graph, memory_order_relaxed) & GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_MASK;
     if (n_threads == 1) {
         return;
     }
@@ -534,7 +571,7 @@ void ggml_barrier(struct ggml_threadpool * tp) {
         // last thread
         atomic_store_explicit(&tp->n_barrier, 0, memory_order_relaxed);
 
-        // exit barrier (fill seq-cst fence)
+        // exit barrier (full seq-cst fence)
         atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&tp->n_barrier_passed, 1, memory_order_seq_cst);
         return;
     }
@@ -670,19 +707,25 @@ bool ggml_is_numa(void) {
 }
 
 #if defined(__ARM_ARCH)
-
-#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__aarch64__)
-#include <sys/auxv.h>
-#endif
-
+#if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+#include <arm_sve.h>
 static void ggml_init_arm_arch_features(void) {
-#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
-    ggml_arm_arch_features.sve_cnt = PR_SVE_VL_LEN_MASK & prctl(PR_SVE_GET_VL);
-#endif
+    ggml_arm_arch_features.sve_cnt = svcntb();
 }
-
+#else
+static void ggml_init_arm_arch_features(void) {}
+#endif
 #endif // __ARM_ARCH
 
+#if defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+#include <riscv_vector.h>
+static void ggml_init_riscv_arch_features(void) {
+    ggml_riscv_arch_features.rvv_vlen = __riscv_vlenb();
+}
+#else
+static void ggml_init_riscv_arch_features(void) {}
+#endif
+
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_i32(struct ggml_context * ctx, int32_t value) {
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_get_no_alloc(ctx));
 
@@ -736,7 +779,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_set_i32 (struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int32_t value) {
             {
                 assert(tensor->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
                 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                    ggml_vec_set_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *)(data + i*n1), GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(value));
+                    ggml_vec_set_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *)(data + i*n1), GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(value));
                 }
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
@@ -795,7 +838,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_set_f32(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, float value) {
             {
                 assert(tensor->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
                 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                    ggml_vec_set_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *)(data + i*n1), GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(value));
+                    ggml_vec_set_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *)(data + i*n1), GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(value));
                 }
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
@@ -846,7 +889,7 @@ int32_t ggml_get_i32_1d(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
                 GGML_ASSERT(tensor->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-                return GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i]);
+                return GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i]);
             }
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             {
@@ -891,7 +934,7 @@ void ggml_set_i32_1d(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i, int32_t value) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
                 GGML_ASSERT(tensor->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
+                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             {
@@ -920,7 +963,7 @@ int32_t ggml_get_i32_nd(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i0, int i1, int i
         case GGML_TYPE_I32:
             return ((int32_t *) data)[0];
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            return GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *) data)[0]);
+            return GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *) data)[0]);
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             return GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(((ggml_bf16_t *) data)[0]);
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
@@ -947,7 +990,7 @@ void ggml_set_i32_nd(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i0, int i1, int i2,
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(data))[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
+                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(data))[0] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             {
@@ -985,7 +1028,7 @@ float ggml_get_f32_1d(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i) {
             }
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                return GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i]);
+                return GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i]);
             }
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             {
@@ -1024,7 +1067,7 @@ void ggml_set_f32_1d(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i, float value) {
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
+                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(tensor->data))[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             {
@@ -1051,7 +1094,7 @@ float ggml_get_f32_nd(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i0, int i1, int i2,
         case GGML_TYPE_I32:
             return ((int32_t *) data)[0];
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            return GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *) data)[0]);
+            return GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((ggml_fp16_t *) data)[0]);
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             return GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(((ggml_bf16_t *) data)[0]);
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
@@ -1078,7 +1121,7 @@ void ggml_set_f32_nd(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int i0, int i1, int i2,
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(data))[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
+                ((ggml_fp16_t *)(data))[0] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(value);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             {
@@ -1189,7 +1232,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_one_chunk(
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat(
+void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat(
         const struct ggml_compute_params * params,
               struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -1595,13 +1638,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_id(
             chunk_size = 64;
         }
 
-#if defined(__aarch64__)
-        // disable for ARM
-        const bool disable_chunking = true;
-#else
         // disable for NUMA
         const bool disable_chunking = ggml_is_numa();
-#endif // defined(__aarch64__)
 
         int64_t nchunk0 = (nr0 + chunk_size - 1) / chunk_size;
         int64_t nchunk1 = (nr1 + chunk_size - 1) / chunk_size;
@@ -1666,6 +1704,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_add(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_add_id(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_ADD1:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_add1(params, tensor);
@@ -1714,6 +1756,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_cumsum(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_MEAN:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_mean(params, tensor);
@@ -1790,22 +1836,6 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_cont(params, tensor);
             } break;
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_reshape(params, tensor);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_view(params, tensor);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_permute(params, tensor);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_transpose(params, tensor);
-            } break;
         case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_get_rows(params, tensor);
@@ -1814,6 +1844,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_set_rows(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_DIAG:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_diag(params, tensor);
@@ -1858,6 +1892,18 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_im2col_back_f32(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d(params, tensor);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(params, tensor);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_3D:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_dw(params, tensor);
@@ -1906,13 +1952,25 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_argsort(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_top_k(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_tri(params, tensor);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_fill(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext(params, tensor->src[0], tensor->src[1], tensor->src[2], tensor->src[3], tensor);
+                ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext(params, tensor);
             } break;
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_BACK:
             {
@@ -1941,6 +1999,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_unary(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_glu(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_GET_REL_POS:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_get_rel_pos(params, tensor);
@@ -1961,6 +2023,14 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_solve_tri(params, tensor);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM1:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_map_custom1(params, tensor);
@@ -1996,10 +2066,31 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
                 ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_adamw(params, tensor);
             }
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_sgd(params, tensor);
+            }
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_NONE:
             {
                 // nop
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_COUNT:
             {
                 GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
@@ -2095,8 +2186,12 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
         case GGML_OP_CONT:
         case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
         case GGML_OP_ADD1:
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
             {
                 n_tasks = n_threads;
             } break;
@@ -2114,6 +2209,8 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
                 n_tasks = 1;
             } break;
         case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
             {
                 n_tasks = n_threads;
             } break;
@@ -2136,6 +2233,12 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
                     {
                         n_tasks = 1;
                     } break;
@@ -2144,6 +2247,22 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                    {
+                        n_tasks = n_threads;
+                    } break;
+                default:
+                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(node)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
                     {
                         n_tasks = n_threads;
                     } break;
@@ -2167,6 +2286,7 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
                 n_tasks = n_threads;
             } break;
         case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
             {
                 // FIXME: get_rows can use additional threads, but the cost of launching additional threads
                 // decreases performance with GPU offloading
@@ -2203,6 +2323,9 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
             } break;
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK:
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_3D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
@@ -2222,6 +2345,7 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_BACK:
         case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
@@ -2281,6 +2405,7 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
         case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
         case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK:
         case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
             {
                 n_tasks = n_threads;
             } break;
@@ -2363,7 +2488,7 @@ static bool ggml_thread_apply_priority(int32_t prio) {
 
     if (prio != GGML_SCHED_PRIO_LOW) {
         // Tell Windows that this thread should not be throttled (needs its own CPU core).
-        // Newer Windows 11 versions aggresively park (offline) CPU cores and often place
+        // Newer Windows 11 versions aggressively park (offline) CPU cores and often place
         // all our threads onto the first 4 cores which results in terrible performance with
         // n_threads > 4
         #if _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0602
@@ -2532,7 +2657,7 @@ static void ggml_thread_cpumask_next(const bool * global_mask, bool * local_mask
 void ggml_threadpool_free(struct ggml_threadpool* threadpool) {
     if (!threadpool) return;
 
-    const int n_threads = threadpool->n_threads_max;
+    const int n_threads = threadpool->n_threads;
 
 #ifndef GGML_USE_OPENMP
     struct ggml_compute_state* workers = threadpool->workers;
@@ -2608,9 +2733,14 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
         //GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("Threadpool is not specified. Will create a disposable threadpool : n_threads %d\n", n_threads);
     }
     if (n_threads <= 0) {
-        n_threads = threadpool ? threadpool->n_threads_max : GGML_DEFAULT_N_THREADS;
+        n_threads = threadpool ? threadpool->n_threads : GGML_DEFAULT_N_THREADS;
     }
 
+#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN_PTHREADS__)
+    // Emscripten without pthreads support can only use a single thread
+    n_threads = 1;
+#endif
+
     size_t work_size = 0;
 
     struct ggml_cplan cplan;
@@ -2636,11 +2766,15 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
                         if (ggml_is_quantized(node->type) ||
                             // F16 -> BF16 and BF16 -> F16 copies go through intermediate F32
                             (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16  && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) ||
-                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
+                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
+                            // conversion between F32 and I32
+                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) ||
+                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)) {
                             cur = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32) * node->ne[0] * n_tasks;
                         }
                     } break;
                 case GGML_OP_ADD:
+                case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
                 case GGML_OP_ADD1:
                     {
                         if (ggml_is_quantized(node->src[0]->type)) {
@@ -2721,6 +2855,11 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
                             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
                         }
                     } break;
+                case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+                case GGML_OP_CONV_3D:
+                    {
+                        cur = GGML_IM2COL_WORK_SIZE;
+                    } break;
                 case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
                     {
                         const int64_t ne00 = node->src[0]->ne[0]; // W
@@ -2735,12 +2874,26 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
                         cur += sizeof(ggml_fp16_t)*ne00*ne01*ne02*ne03;
                         cur += sizeof(ggml_fp16_t)*ne10*ne11*ne12;
                     } break;
+                case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+                    {
+                        cur += sizeof(int32_t)*node->src[0]->ne[0]*n_tasks;
+                    } break;
                 case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
                     {
-                        const int64_t ne10 = node->src[1]->ne[0]; // DK
-                        const int64_t ne20 = node->src[2]->ne[0]; // DV
+                        const int64_t neq2 = node->src[0]->ne[2]; // number of query heads
+                        const int64_t DK = node->src[1]->ne[0];
+                        const int64_t DV = node->src[2]->ne[0];
+
+                        // Tiled flash attention scratch (tile sizes defined in common.h)
+                        // Per-thread: Q_q + KQ + mask + VKQ32 + V32 + K_f32 + padding
+                        size_t prefill  = sizeof(float)*(GGML_FA_TILE_Q*DK + 2*GGML_FA_TILE_Q*GGML_FA_TILE_KV + GGML_FA_TILE_Q*DV + GGML_FA_TILE_KV*DV + GGML_FA_TILE_KV*DK)*n_tasks;
+
+                        // Decode path: n_kv_chunks = n_tasks (one chunk per thread)
+                        // Per-thread: VKQ accmulator (DV), partial M, partial S + intra-thread scratch for V, Q and VKQ
+                        size_t n_chunks = n_tasks;
+                        size_t decode   = sizeof(float)*(neq2*n_chunks*(2+DV) + n_tasks*(DK + 2*DV));
 
-                        cur = sizeof(float)*(1*ne10 + 2*ne20)*n_tasks; // 1x head size K + 2x head size V (per thread)
+                        cur += MAX(prefill, decode);
                     } break;
                 case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_BACK:
                     {
@@ -2763,6 +2916,11 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
                     {
                         cur = ggml_type_size(node->type)*(n_tasks + node->src[0]->ne[0]*n_tasks);
                     } break;
+                case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+                    {
+                        const int64_t S_v = node->src[2]->ne[0];
+                        cur = S_v * sizeof(float) * n_tasks;
+                    } break;
                 case GGML_OP_COUNT:
                     {
                         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
@@ -2797,16 +2955,32 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_thread(void * data) {
     set_numa_thread_affinity(state->ith);
 
     struct ggml_compute_params params = {
-        /*.ith       =*/ state->ith,
-        /*.nth       =*/ atomic_load_explicit(&tp->n_threads_cur, memory_order_relaxed),
-        /*.wsize     =*/ cplan->work_size,
-        /*.wdata     =*/ cplan->work_data,
-        /*.threadpool=*/ tp,
+        /*.ith        =*/ state->ith,
+        /*.nth        =*/ atomic_load_explicit(&tp->n_graph, memory_order_relaxed) & GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_MASK,
+        /*.wsize      =*/ cplan->work_size,
+        /*.wdata      =*/ cplan->work_data,
+        /*.threadpool =*/ tp,
+        /*.use_ref    =*/ cplan->use_ref,
     };
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_OPENMP
+    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("thread #%d compute-start cplan %p\n", state->ith, (const void *)cplan);
+#else
+    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("thread #%d compute-start cplan %p last-graph %d\n", state->ith, (const void *)cplan, state->last_graph);
+#endif
+
     for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes && atomic_load_explicit(&tp->abort, memory_order_relaxed) != node_n; node_n++) {
         struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_n];
 
+        if (ggml_op_is_empty(node->op)) {
+            // skip NOPs
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         ggml_compute_forward(&params, node);
 
         if (state->ith == 0 && cplan->abort_callback &&
@@ -2820,6 +2994,12 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_thread(void * data) {
         }
     }
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_OPENMP
+    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("thread #%d compute-done cplan %p\n", state->ith, (const void *)cplan);
+#else
+    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("thread #%d compute-done cplan %p last-graph %d\n", state->ith, (const void *)cplan, state->last_graph);
+#endif
+
     ggml_barrier(state->threadpool);
 
     return 0;
@@ -2827,27 +3007,23 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_thread(void * data) {
 
 #ifndef GGML_USE_OPENMP
 
-// check if thread is active
-static inline bool ggml_graph_compute_thread_active(struct ggml_compute_state * state) {
-    struct ggml_threadpool * threadpool = state->threadpool;
-    int n_threads = atomic_load_explicit(&threadpool->n_threads_cur, memory_order_relaxed);
-    return (state->ith < n_threads);
-}
-
 // check if thread is ready to proceed (exit from polling or sleeping)
+// returns true if loops should exit, sets state->pending to indicate new work
 static inline bool ggml_graph_compute_thread_ready(struct ggml_compute_state * state) {
     struct ggml_threadpool * threadpool = state->threadpool;
 
     if (state->pending || threadpool->stop || threadpool->pause) { return true; }
 
     // check for new graph/work
-    int new_graph = atomic_load_explicit(&threadpool->n_graph, memory_order_relaxed);
-    if (new_graph != state->last_graph) {
-        state->pending    = ggml_graph_compute_thread_active(state);
-        state->last_graph = new_graph;
+    int n_graph   = atomic_load_explicit(&threadpool->n_graph, memory_order_relaxed);
+    int n_threads = n_graph & GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_MASK;
+    if (n_graph != state->last_graph) {
+        state->pending    = (state->ith < n_threads);
+        state->last_graph = n_graph;
+        return true;
     }
 
-    return state->pending;
+    return false;
 }
 
 // sync thread state after polling
@@ -2864,11 +3040,6 @@ static inline void ggml_graph_compute_thread_sync(struct ggml_compute_state * st
 static inline bool ggml_graph_compute_poll_for_work(struct ggml_compute_state * state) {
     struct ggml_threadpool * threadpool = state->threadpool;
 
-    // Skip polling for unused threads
-    if (!ggml_graph_compute_thread_active(state)) {
-        return state->pending;
-    }
-
     // This seems to make 0 ... 100 a decent range for polling level across modern processors.
     // Perhaps, we can adjust it dynamically based on load and things.
     const uint64_t n_rounds = 1024UL * 128 * threadpool->poll;
@@ -2930,7 +3101,6 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_secondary_thread(void* data) {
         ggml_graph_compute_check_for_work(state);
         if (state->pending) {
             state->pending = false;
-
             ggml_graph_compute_thread(state);
         }
     }
@@ -2945,14 +3115,15 @@ static void ggml_graph_compute_kickoff(struct ggml_threadpool * threadpool, int
 
     ggml_mutex_lock(&threadpool->mutex);
 
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("threadpool: n_threads_cur %d n_threads %d\n", threadpool->n_threads_cur, n_threads);
+    // Update the number of active threads and the graph count
+    int n_graph = atomic_load_explicit(&threadpool->n_graph, memory_order_relaxed) >> GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_BITS;
+    n_graph = ((n_graph + 1) << GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_BITS) | (n_threads & GGML_THREADPOOL_N_THREADS_MASK);
 
-    // Update the number of active threads
-    atomic_store_explicit(&threadpool->n_threads_cur, n_threads, memory_order_relaxed);
+    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("compute-kickoff: n_threads %d n_graph %d\n", n_threads, n_graph);
 
     // Indicate the graph is ready to be processed
     // We need the full seq-cst fence here because of the polling threads (used in thread_sync)
-    atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&threadpool->n_graph, 1, memory_order_seq_cst);
+    atomic_store_explicit(&threadpool->n_graph, n_graph, memory_order_seq_cst);
 
     if (threadpool->pause) {
        // Update main thread prio and affinity to match the threadpool settings
@@ -2990,8 +3161,7 @@ static struct ggml_threadpool * ggml_threadpool_new_impl(
         threadpool->pause            = tpp->paused;
         threadpool->abort            = -1;
         threadpool->workers          = NULL;
-        threadpool->n_threads_max    = tpp->n_threads;
-        threadpool->n_threads_cur    = tpp->n_threads;
+        threadpool->n_threads        = tpp->n_threads;
         threadpool->poll             = tpp->poll;
         threadpool->prio             = tpp->prio;
         threadpool->ec               = GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
@@ -3009,7 +3179,14 @@ static struct ggml_threadpool * ggml_threadpool_new_impl(
 
     threadpool->workers = workers;
 
-#ifndef GGML_USE_OPENMP
+#ifdef GGML_USE_OPENMP
+    int32_t cpumask_iter = 0;
+
+    // Compute CPU masks for each thread
+    for (int j = 0; j < tpp->n_threads; j++) {
+        ggml_thread_cpumask_next(tpp->cpumask, workers[j].cpumask, tpp->strict_cpu, &cpumask_iter);
+    }
+#else // GGML_USE_OPENMP
     ggml_mutex_init(&threadpool->mutex);
     ggml_cond_init(&threadpool->cond);
 
@@ -3079,19 +3256,26 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_graph_compute(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_cpl
             {
                 // update the number of threads from the actual number of threads that we got from OpenMP
                 n_threads = omp_get_num_threads();
-                atomic_store_explicit(&threadpool->n_threads_cur, n_threads, memory_order_relaxed);
+                atomic_store_explicit(&threadpool->n_graph, n_threads, memory_order_relaxed);
             }
 
-            ggml_graph_compute_thread(&threadpool->workers[omp_get_thread_num()]);
+            // Apply thread CPU mask and priority
+            int ith = omp_get_thread_num();
+
+            ggml_thread_apply_priority(threadpool->prio);
+            if (ggml_thread_cpumask_is_valid(threadpool->workers[ith].cpumask)) {
+                ggml_thread_apply_affinity(threadpool->workers[ith].cpumask);
+            }
+            ggml_graph_compute_thread(&threadpool->workers[ith]);
         }
     } else {
-        atomic_store_explicit(&threadpool->n_threads_cur, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+        atomic_store_explicit(&threadpool->n_graph, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
         ggml_graph_compute_thread(&threadpool->workers[0]);
     }
 #else
-    if (n_threads > threadpool->n_threads_max) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("cplan requested more threads (%d) than available (%d)\n", n_threads, threadpool->n_threads_max);
-        n_threads = threadpool->n_threads_max;
+    if (n_threads > threadpool->n_threads) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("cplan requested more threads (%d) than available (%d)\n", n_threads, threadpool->n_threads);
+        n_threads = threadpool->n_threads;
     }
 
     // Kick all threads to start the new graph
@@ -3121,6 +3305,10 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_graph_compute_with_ctx(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct g
     return ggml_graph_compute(cgraph, &cplan);
 }
 
+void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp32(const float * x, float * y, int64_t n) {
+    memcpy(y, x, n * sizeof(float));
+}
+
 void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp16(const float * x, ggml_fp16_t * y, int64_t n) {
     int64_t i = 0;
 #if defined(__F16C__)
@@ -3141,9 +3329,16 @@ void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp16(const float * x, ggml_fp16_t * y, int64_t n) {
         __m128i y_vec = _mm_cvtps_ph(x_vec, _MM_FROUND_TO_NEAREST_INT);
         _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)(y + i), y_vec);
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t vx = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl);
+        vfloat16m1_t vy = __riscv_vfncvt_f_f_w_f16m1(vx, vl);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m1((_Float16 *)&y[i], vy, vl);
+    }
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -3167,9 +3362,37 @@ void ggml_cpu_fp16_to_fp32(const ggml_fp16_t * x, float * y, int64_t n) {
         __m128 y_vec = _mm_cvtph_ps(x_vec);
         _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, y_vec);
     }
+
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic) && defined(__riscv_zvfhmin)
+    // calculate step size
+    const int epr = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2();
+    const int step = epr * 2;
+    const int np = (n & ~(step - 1));
+
+    // unroll by 2
+    for (; i < np; i += step) {
+        vfloat16m2_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16*)x + i, epr);
+        vfloat32m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m4(ax0, epr);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(y + i, ay0, epr);
+
+        vfloat16m2_t ax1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16*)x + i + epr, epr);
+        vfloat32m4_t ay1 = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m4(ax1, epr);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(y + i + epr, ay1, epr);
+    }
+
+    // leftovers
+    int vl;
+    for (i = np; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(n - i);
+        vfloat16m2_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16*)x + i, vl);
+        vfloat32m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m4(ax0, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(y + i, ay0, vl);
+    }
+
 #endif
+
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -3180,6 +3403,13 @@ void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_bf16(const float * x, ggml_bf16_t * y, int64_t n) {
     }
 }
 
+void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_i32(const float * x, int32_t * y, int64_t n) {
+    int64_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = x[i];
+    }
+}
+
 void ggml_cpu_bf16_to_fp32(const ggml_bf16_t * x, float * y, int64_t n) {
     int64_t i = 0;
 #if defined(__AVX2__)
@@ -3203,6 +3433,31 @@ void ggml_cpu_bf16_to_fp32(const ggml_bf16_t * x, float * y, int64_t n) {
                                         (const __m128i *)(x + i))),
                                 16)));
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic) && defined(__riscv_zvfbfmin)
+    // calculate step size
+    const int epr = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2();
+    const int step = epr * 2;
+    const int np = (n & ~(step - 1));
+
+    // unroll by 2
+    for (; i < np; i += step) {
+        vbfloat16m2_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16*)x + i, epr);
+        vfloat32m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vfwcvtbf16_f_f_v_f32m4(ax0, epr);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(y + i, ay0, epr);
+
+        vbfloat16m2_t ax1 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16*)x + i + epr, epr);
+        vfloat32m4_t ay1 = __riscv_vfwcvtbf16_f_f_v_f32m4(ax1, epr);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(y + i + epr, ay1, epr);
+    }
+
+    // leftovers
+    int vl;
+    for (i = np; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(n - i);
+        vbfloat16m2_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16*)x + i, vl);
+        vfloat32m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vfwcvtbf16_f_f_v_f32m4(ax0, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(y + i, ay0, vl);
+    }
 #endif
     for (; i < n; i++) {
         y[i] = GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
@@ -3305,6 +3560,14 @@ int ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v(void) {
 #endif
 }
 
+int ggml_cpu_get_rvv_vlen(void) {
+#if defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    return ggml_riscv_arch_features.rvv_vlen;
+#else
+    return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
 int ggml_cpu_has_f16c(void) {
 #if defined(__F16C__)
     return 1;
@@ -3418,7 +3681,7 @@ int ggml_cpu_has_sme(void) {
 }
 
 void ggml_cpu_init(void) {
-    // needed to initialize f16 tables
+    // needed to initialize ggml_time
     {
         struct ggml_init_params params = { 0, NULL, false };
         struct ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
@@ -3439,9 +3702,15 @@ void ggml_cpu_init(void) {
                     uint16_t u16;
                     ggml_fp16_t fp16;
                 } u = {i};
-                float f = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(u.fp16);
-                ggml_table_gelu_f16[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(ggml_gelu_f32(f));
-                ggml_table_gelu_quick_f16[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(ggml_gelu_quick_f32(f));
+                float f = GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(u.fp16);
+                ggml_table_f32_f16[i] = f;
+                ggml_table_gelu_f16[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(ggml_gelu_f32(f));
+                ggml_table_gelu_quick_f16[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(ggml_gelu_quick_f32(f));
+            }
+
+            // initialize E8M0 half table (256 entries)
+            for (int i = 0; i < (1 << 8); ++i) {
+                ggml_table_f32_e8m0_half[i] = GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(i);
             }
 
             const uint64_t t_end = ggml_time_us(); UNUSED(t_end);
@@ -3451,13 +3720,17 @@ void ggml_cpu_init(void) {
 #ifdef GGML_USE_OPENMP
             //if (!getenv("OMP_WAIT_POLICY")) {
             //    // set the wait policy to active, so that OpenMP threads don't sleep
-            //    putenv("OMP_WAIT_POLICY=active");
+            //    setenv("OMP_WAIT_POLICY", "active", 0)
             //}
 
             if (!getenv("KMP_BLOCKTIME")) {
                 // set the time to wait before sleeping a thread
                 // this is less aggressive than setting the wait policy to active, but should achieve similar results in most cases
-                putenv("KMP_BLOCKTIME=200"); // 200ms
+#ifdef _WIN32
+                _putenv_s("KMP_BLOCKTIME", "200"); // 200ms
+#else
+                setenv("KMP_BLOCKTIME", "200", 0); // 200ms
+#endif
             }
 #endif
         }
@@ -3466,6 +3739,10 @@ void ggml_cpu_init(void) {
         ggml_init_arm_arch_features();
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__riscv)
+        ggml_init_riscv_arch_features();
+#endif
+
         is_first_call = false;
     }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp
index 735ef3f015c..ddf1737a317 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #    include "kleidiai/kleidiai.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_CPU_RISCV64_SPACEMIT
+#    include "spacemit/ime.h"
+#endif
+
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #    define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #    ifndef NOMINMAX
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@
 
 // ggml-backend interface
 
-std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t>& ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type() {
+std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> & ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffer_types() {
     static std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> bufts = []() {
         std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> bufts;
 
@@ -45,6 +49,12 @@ std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t>& ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type
         }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_CPU_RISCV64_SPACEMIT
+        if (ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type()) {
+            bufts.push_back(ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type());
+        }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CPU_KLEIDIAI
         if (ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type()) {
             bufts.push_back(ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type());
@@ -57,8 +67,6 @@ std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t>& ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type
         }
 #endif
 
-        bufts.push_back(NULL);
-
         return bufts;
     }();
 
@@ -66,14 +74,20 @@ std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t>& ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * ggml_backend_cpu_device_get_extra_buffers_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
-    return ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type().data();
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> extra_bufts = [] {
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> bufts = ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffer_types();
+        bufts.push_back(nullptr);
+        return bufts;
+    }();
+
+    return extra_bufts.data();
 
     GGML_UNUSED(device);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_cpu_is_extra_buffer_type(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    for (auto * extra : ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type()) {
-        if (extra && extra == buft) {
+    for (auto * extra : ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffer_types()) {
+        if (extra == buft) {
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -91,6 +105,8 @@ struct ggml_backend_cpu_context {
 
     ggml_abort_callback abort_callback;
     void *              abort_callback_data;
+
+    bool                use_ref;  // use reference implementation
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_cpu_get_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
@@ -129,6 +145,7 @@ static ggml_backend_graph_plan_t ggml_backend_cpu_graph_plan_create(ggml_backend
 
     cpu_plan->cplan.abort_callback      = cpu_ctx->abort_callback;
     cpu_plan->cplan.abort_callback_data = cpu_ctx->abort_callback_data;
+    cpu_plan->cplan.use_ref             = cpu_ctx->use_ref;
 
     return cpu_plan;
 }
@@ -168,6 +185,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cpu_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, s
 
     cplan.abort_callback      = cpu_ctx->abort_callback;
     cplan.abort_callback_data = cpu_ctx->abort_callback_data;
+    cplan.use_ref             = cpu_ctx->use_ref;
 
     return ggml_graph_compute(cgraph, &cplan);
 }
@@ -186,6 +204,7 @@ static const struct ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cpu_i = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_cpu_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
     /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_cpu_guid(void) {
@@ -208,12 +227,13 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cpu_init(void) {
     ctx->work_size           = 0;
     ctx->abort_callback      = NULL;
     ctx->abort_callback_data = NULL;
+    ctx->use_ref             = false;
 
     ggml_backend_t cpu_backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_cpu_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_cpu_i,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cpu_reg(), 0),
-        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_cpu_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_cpu_i,
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cpu_reg(), 0),
+        /* .context = */ ctx,
     };
 
     if (cpu_backend == NULL) {
@@ -255,6 +275,13 @@ void ggml_backend_cpu_set_abort_callback(ggml_backend_t backend_cpu, ggml_abort_
     ctx->abort_callback_data = abort_callback_data;
 }
 
+void ggml_backend_cpu_set_use_ref(ggml_backend_t backend_cpu, bool use_ref) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_cpu(backend_cpu));
+
+    struct ggml_backend_cpu_context * ctx = (struct ggml_backend_cpu_context *)backend_cpu->context;
+    ctx->use_ref = use_ref;
+}
+
 // CPU backend - device
 
 struct ggml_backend_cpu_device_context {
@@ -344,8 +371,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_cpu_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t *
     long pages = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
     long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
     *total = pages * page_size;
+
+    // "free" system memory is ill-defined, for practical purposes assume that all of it is free:
     *free = *total;
-#endif
+#endif // _WIN32
 
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
@@ -397,25 +426,19 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cpu_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const st
         return true;
     }
 
-    // extra_buffer_op?
-    for (auto extra : ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type()) {
-        if (extra) {
-            auto buf_extra = (ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type*) extra->context;
-            if (buf_extra && buf_extra->supports_op(dev, op)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // the other case need host buffer.
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
-        if (op->src[i] && op->src[i]->buffer && !ggml_backend_buft_is_host(op->src[i]->buffer->buft)) {
-            return false;
+    // check extra buffer types
+    // note: only the first sources are checked for extra buffer types to reduce overhead, increase if necessary
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        if (op->src[i] && op->src[i]->buffer &&
+            ggml_backend_cpu_is_extra_buffer_type(op->src[i]->buffer->buft)) {
+            auto * buf_extra = (ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type *) op->src[i]->buffer->buft->context;
+            return buf_extra->supports_op(dev, op);
         }
     }
 
     switch (op->op) {
         case GGML_OP_CPY:
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
             return
                 op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS &&
                 op->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S   &&
@@ -572,6 +595,10 @@ static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_cpu_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t r
         if (ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v()) {
             features.push_back({ "RISCV_V", "1" });
         }
+        if (ggml_cpu_get_rvv_vlen() > 0) {
+            static std::string rvv_vlen = std::to_string(ggml_cpu_get_rvv_vlen());
+            features.push_back({ "RVV_VLEN", rvv_vlen.c_str() });
+        }
         if (ggml_cpu_has_vsx()) {
             features.push_back({ "VSX", "1" });
         }
@@ -631,6 +658,9 @@ static void * ggml_backend_cpu_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const ch
     if (strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_cpu_is_numa") == 0) {
         return (void *)ggml_is_numa;
     }
+    if (strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_cpu_set_use_ref") == 0) {
+        return (void *)ggml_backend_cpu_set_use_ref;
+    }
 
     // threadpool - TODO:  move to ggml-base
     if (strcmp(name, "ggml_threadpool_new") == 0) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp
index 910fd0ee4e7..8c4d7bc925f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp
@@ -1,46 +1,333 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates <open-source-office@arm.com>
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025-2026 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates <open-source-office@arm.com>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 //
 
 // KleidiAI micro-kernels
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p_interface.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp_interface.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.h"
-#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.h"
 
 #include "kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32.h"
+#include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.h"
+#include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32.h"
 
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.h"
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.h"
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon.h"
+#include "kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon.h"
+#include "kai_lhs_pack_f16pmrx2_f32_neon.h"
 
 #include "kai_common.h"
 
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_CPP
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+
 #include "kernels.h"
 
-#define NELEMS(x) sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x)
+#define NELEMS(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t kernel_offs_fn3(size_t a, size_t b, size_t c) {
+    return Fn(a, b, c);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t kernel_offs_fn2(size_t a, size_t b, size_t) {
+    return Fn(a, b);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,const void*,float*,size_t,size_t,float,float)>
+static inline void kernel_run_fn11(size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, size_t bl,
+                                     const void* lhs, const void* rhs, void* dst,
+                                     size_t dst_stride_row, size_t dst_stride_col,
+                                     float clamp_min, float clamp_max) {
+    Fn(m, n, k, bl, lhs, rhs, static_cast<float*>(dst), dst_stride_row, dst_stride_col, clamp_min, clamp_max);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,const void*,void*,size_t,size_t,float,float)>
+static inline void kernel_run_fn10(size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/,
+                                   const void* lhs, const void* rhs, void* dst,
+                                   size_t dst_stride_row, size_t dst_stride_col,
+                                   float clamp_min, float clamp_max) {
+    Fn(m, n, k, lhs, rhs, dst, dst_stride_row, dst_stride_col, clamp_min, clamp_max);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,const void*,float*,size_t,size_t,float,float)>
+static inline void kernel_run_float_fn10(size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/,
+                                         const void* lhs, const void* rhs, void* dst,
+                                         size_t dst_stride_row, size_t dst_stride_col,
+                                         float clamp_min, float clamp_max) {
+    Fn(m, n, k, lhs, rhs, static_cast<float*>(dst), dst_stride_row, dst_stride_col, clamp_min, clamp_max);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t lhs_ps_fn6(size_t m, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr) {
+    return Fn(m, k, bl, mr, kr, sr);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t lhs_ps_fn5(size_t m, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr) {
+    return Fn(m, k, mr, kr, sr);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t lhs_offs_fn6(size_t m_idx, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr) {
+    return Fn(m_idx, k, bl, mr, kr, sr);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t lhs_offs_fn5(size_t m_idx, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr) {
+    return Fn(m_idx, k, mr, kr, sr);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const float*,size_t,void*)>
+static inline void lhs_pack_float_fn10(size_t m, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr,
+                                            size_t m_idx_start, const void* lhs, size_t lhs_stride, void* lhs_packed) {
+    Fn(m, k, bl, mr, kr, sr, m_idx_start, static_cast<const float*>(lhs), lhs_stride, lhs_packed);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,size_t,void*)>
+static inline void lhs_pack_void_fn10(size_t m, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr,
+                                           size_t m_idx_start, const void* lhs, size_t lhs_stride, void* lhs_packed) {
+    Fn(m, k, bl, mr, kr, sr, m_idx_start, lhs, lhs_stride, lhs_packed);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,size_t,void*)>
+static inline void lhs_pack_void_fn9(size_t m, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr,
+                                             size_t m_idx_start, const void* lhs, size_t lhs_stride, void* lhs_packed) {
+    Fn(m, k, mr, kr, sr, m_idx_start, lhs, lhs_stride, lhs_packed);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const float*,size_t,void*)>
+static inline void lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl(size_t m, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr,
+                                            size_t m_idx_start, const void * lhs, size_t lhs_stride, void * lhs_packed) {
+    Fn(m, k, mr, kr, sr, m_idx_start, static_cast<const float*>(lhs), lhs_stride, lhs_packed);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t rhs_ps_fn5(size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t bl) {
+    return Fn(n, k, nr, kr, bl);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t rhs_ps_fn2(size_t n, size_t k, size_t /*nr*/, size_t /*kr*/, size_t /*bl*/) {
+    return Fn(n, k);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
+static inline size_t rhs_stride_fn4(size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t bl) {
+    return Fn(k, nr, kr, bl);
+}
+
+template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t)>
+static inline size_t rhs_stride_fn1(size_t k, size_t /*nr*/, size_t /*kr*/, size_t /*bl*/) {
+    return Fn(k);
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const uint8_t*,const float*,void*,size_t,const struct kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param*)>
+static inline void rhs_pack_fn12(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t bl,
+                                      size_t /*rhs_stride*/, const void* rhs, const void* bias, const void* /*scale*/,
+                                      void* rhs_packed, size_t extra_bytes, const void* params) {
+    Fn(num_groups, n, k, nr, kr, sr, bl,
+       static_cast<const uint8_t*>(rhs),
+       static_cast<const float*>(bias),
+       rhs_packed, extra_bytes,
+       static_cast<const kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param*>(params));
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const int8_t*,const float*,const float*,void*,size_t,const struct kai_rhs_pack_qsi8cx_params*)>
+static inline void rhs_pack_scale_fn12(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t /*bl*/,
+                                       size_t /*rhs_stride*/, const void* rhs, const void* bias, const void* scale,
+                                       void* rhs_packed, size_t extra_bytes, const void* params) {
+    Fn(num_groups, n, k, nr, kr, sr,
+       static_cast<const int8_t*>(rhs),
+       static_cast<const float*>(bias),
+       static_cast<const float*>(scale),
+       rhs_packed, extra_bytes,
+       static_cast<const kai_rhs_pack_qsi8cx_params*>(params));
+}
+
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,const void*,const void*,void*,size_t,const void*)>
+static inline void rhs_pack_fn13(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t /*bl*/,
+                                               size_t rhs_stride, const void* rhs, const void* bias, const void* scale,
+                                               void* rhs_packed, size_t extra_bytes, const void* params) {
+    Fn(num_groups, n, k, nr, kr, sr, rhs_stride, rhs, bias, scale, rhs_packed, extra_bytes, params);
+}
+
+static const size_t INT4_PER_BYTE = 2;
+static const size_t INT4_BITS     = 4;
+static const int Q4_0_ZERO_POINT  = 8;
+const size_t INT4_PER_UINT16      = 4;
+
+static void dequantize_row_qsi4c32pscalef16(
+    const void *packed_data,
+    int32_t row_idx,
+    int64_t nc,
+    float *out,
+    size_t nr_pack,
+    size_t packed_row_stride,
+    size_t kr,
+    size_t bl,
+    size_t num_bytes_multiplier
+) {
+    size_t group_idx = row_idx / nr_pack;
+    size_t row_in_group = row_idx % nr_pack;
+    const uint8_t *packed_group = (const uint8_t *)packed_data + group_idx * packed_row_stride;
+    size_t num_blocks = nc / bl;
+    const uint8_t *block_ptr = packed_group;
+
+    for (size_t b = 0; b < num_blocks; ++b) {
+        uint16_t scale_f16 = *((const uint16_t *)(block_ptr + row_in_group * num_bytes_multiplier));
+        float scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(scale_f16);
+
+        const uint8_t *segment_ptr = block_ptr + nr_pack * num_bytes_multiplier;
+        size_t num_segments = bl / kr;
+        size_t num_bytes_per_segment = kr / INT4_PER_BYTE;
+
+        for (size_t s = 0; s < num_segments; ++s) {
+            const uint8_t *seg_base = segment_ptr + s * nr_pack * num_bytes_per_segment;
+            const uint8_t *qbytes = seg_base + row_in_group * num_bytes_per_segment;
+            for (size_t k = 0; k < num_bytes_per_segment; ++k) {
+                uint8_t byte = qbytes[k] ^ 0x88;
+                int x0 = (byte & 0x0F) - Q4_0_ZERO_POINT;
+                int x1 = (byte >> INT4_BITS) - Q4_0_ZERO_POINT;
+                out[b * bl + s * num_bytes_per_segment + k] = x0 * scale;
+                out[b * bl + s * num_bytes_per_segment + k + bl/2] = x1 * scale;
+            }
+        }
+        block_ptr += nr_pack * num_bytes_multiplier + num_segments * nr_pack * num_bytes_per_segment;
+    }
+}
+
+static void dequantize_row_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16(
+    const void *packed_data,
+    int32_t row_idx,
+    int64_t k,
+    float *out,
+    size_t nr,
+    size_t packed_row_stride,
+    size_t kr,
+    size_t bl,
+    size_t num_bytes_multiplier
+) {
+    const size_t num_blocks = k / bl;
+    const size_t bl4 = bl / INT4_PER_UINT16;
+
+    size_t group_idx = row_idx / nr;
+    size_t row_in_group = row_idx % nr;
+
+    const uint8_t *packed_group = (const uint8_t *)packed_data + group_idx * packed_row_stride;
+    const uint16_t *qdata = (const uint16_t *)packed_group;
+    const uint16_t *scales = (const uint16_t *)(packed_group + packed_row_stride - (nr * num_blocks * num_bytes_multiplier));
+
+    for (size_t block_idx = 0; block_idx < num_blocks; ++block_idx) {
+        uint16_t scale_f16 = scales[row_in_group + block_idx * nr];
+        float scale = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(scale_f16);
+
+        for (size_t bl4_idx = 0; bl4_idx < bl4; ++bl4_idx) {
+            uint16_t q = qdata[(block_idx * bl4 + bl4_idx) * nr + row_in_group];
+
+            for (size_t qidx = 0; qidx < INT4_PER_UINT16; ++qidx) {
+                int v = ((q >> (qidx * 4)) & 0xF) - Q4_0_ZERO_POINT;
+                out[block_idx * bl + bl4_idx * INT4_BITS + qidx] = v * scale;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    GGML_UNUSED(kr);
+}
+
+static void dequantize_row_qsi8cxp(
+    const void *packed_data,
+    int32_t row_idx,
+    int64_t k,
+    float *out,
+    size_t nr,
+    size_t packed_row_stride,
+    size_t kr,
+    size_t bl,
+    size_t num_bytes_multiplier
+) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(bl);
+    GGML_UNUSED(num_bytes_multiplier);
+
+    const size_t k_internal = ((size_t) k + QK8_0 - 1) / QK8_0 * QK8_0;
+    const size_t group_idx = row_idx / nr;
+    const size_t row_in_group = row_idx % nr;
+
+    const uint8_t * group_ptr = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(packed_data) + group_idx * packed_row_stride;
+    const int8_t  * data_base = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(group_ptr);
+
+    const size_t num_blocks = k_internal / kr;
+
+    for (size_t block = 0; block < num_blocks; ++block) {
+        const int8_t * block_ptr = data_base + (block * nr + row_in_group) * kr;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kr; ++i) {
+            const size_t k_idx = block * kr + i;
+            if (k_idx < (size_t) k) {
+                out[k_idx] = static_cast<float>(block_ptr[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t * sums_ptr = group_ptr + nr * k_internal;
+    GGML_UNUSED(sums_ptr);
+
+    const float * scale_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float *>(sums_ptr + nr * sizeof(int32_t));
+    const float scale = scale_ptr[row_in_group];
+
+    if (scale == 0.0f) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) k; ++i) {
+            out[i] = 0.0f;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) k; ++i) {
+        out[i] *= scale;
+    }
+}
+
 static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME)
     {
         /* SME GEMM */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
-            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_f16p1vlx2_qsi4c32p4vlx2_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+        },
+
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_pack_f16pmrx2_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_f16pmrx2_f32_neon>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_f16pmrx2_f32_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_void_fn10<kai_run_lhs_pack_f16pmrx2_f32_neon>,
         },
         /* SME GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
@@ -50,21 +337,24 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot>,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
-            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
-            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
-            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon>,
         },
         /* .rhs_info = */ {
-            /* .packed_size = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon,
-            /* .pack_func   = */ kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon,
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon>,
         },
         /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_SME,
         /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
@@ -80,11 +370,17 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_void_fn9<kai_run_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme>,
         },
         /* SME GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
@@ -94,21 +390,24 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ nullptr,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ nullptr,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ nullptr,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
-            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
-            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
-            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_void_fn9<kai_run_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme>,
         },
         /* .rhs_info = */ {
-            /* .packed_size = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme,
-            /* .pack_func   = */ kai_run_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme,
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ nullptr,
+            /* .to_float              = */ nullptr,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn1<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_fn13<kai_run_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme>,
         },
         /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_SME,
         /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
@@ -127,11 +426,17 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
         },
         /* DOTPROD GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
@@ -141,21 +446,24 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
         },
         /* .rhs_info = */ {
-            /* .packed_size = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
-            /* .pack_func   = */ kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi4c32pscalef16,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
         },
         /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD,
         /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
@@ -173,11 +481,17 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
         },
         /* i8mm GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
@@ -187,29 +501,87 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod>,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
         },
         /* .rhs_info = */ {
-            /* .packed_size = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
-            /* .pack_func   = */ kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi4c32pscalef16,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
         },
-        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD | CPU_FEATURE_I8MM,
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_I8MM,
         /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
         /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q4_0,
         /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
     },
 #endif
 #else
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+    {
+        /* SVE i8mm GEMM */
+        /* .kern_info = */ {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p8x8_16x8_sve_i8mm>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
+        },
+        /* SVE dotprod GEMV */
+        /* .kern_info = */ {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p8x8_1x8_sve_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+        },
+        /* .rhs_info = */ {
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi4c32pscalef16,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+        },
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_SVE | CPU_FEATURE_I8MM | CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD,
+        /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q4_0,
+        /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    },
+#endif
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
     {
         /* i8mm GEMM */
@@ -220,11 +592,17 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon>,
         },
         /* i8mm GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
@@ -234,28 +612,31 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod>,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
         },
         /* .rhs_info = */ {
-            /* .packed_size = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
-            /* .pack_func   = */ kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi4c32pscalef16,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
         },
-        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD | CPU_FEATURE_I8MM,
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_I8MM,
         /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
         /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q4_0,
         /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
     },
-#endif
+#endif // __ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
     {
         /* DOTPROD GEMM */
@@ -266,11 +647,17 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
         },
         /* DOTPROD GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
@@ -280,21 +667,24 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_lhs_offset        = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
-            /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn3<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_fn11<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
-            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn6<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn10<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32>,
         },
         /* .rhs_info = */ {
-            /* .packed_size = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
-            /* .pack_func   = */ kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi4c32pscalef16,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0>,
         },
         /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD,
         /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
@@ -303,21 +693,209 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
     },
 #endif
 #endif
+    { /* Sentinel */ }
+};
+
+static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[] = {
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME)
+    {
+        /* SME GEMM */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* SME GEMV */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot>,
+        },
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* .rhs_info = */ {
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi8cxp,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_scale_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+        },
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_SME,
+        /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    },
+#endif
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    {
+        /* I8MM GEMM */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* I8MM GEMV (dotprod fallback) */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* .rhs_info = */ {
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi8cxp,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_scale_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+        },
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_I8MM,
+        /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    },
+#endif
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    {
+        /* DOTPROD GEMM */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* DOTPROD GEMV */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* .rhs_info = */ {
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi8cxp,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_scale_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+        },
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD,
+        /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    },
+#endif
+    { /* Sentinel */ }
 };
 
 ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(cpu_feature cpu_features, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernel = nullptr;
 
     if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && tensor->src[0] != nullptr && tensor->src[1] != nullptr) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels); ++i) {
-            if ((cpu_features & gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu) == gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu &&
-                gemm_gemv_kernels[i].lhs_type == tensor->src[1]->type &&
-                gemm_gemv_kernels[i].rhs_type == tensor->src[0]->type &&
-                gemm_gemv_kernels[i].op_type  == tensor->type) {
-                kernel = &gemm_gemv_kernels[i];
-                break;
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME)          ||  \
+    defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)      ||  \
+    defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)  ||  \
+    defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+        auto try_table = [&](auto & table) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(table) - 1; ++i) {
+                if ((cpu_features & table[i].required_cpu) == table[i].required_cpu &&
+                    table[i].lhs_type == tensor->src[1]->type &&
+                    table[i].rhs_type == tensor->src[0]->type &&
+                    table[i].op_type  == tensor->type) {
+                    kernel = &table[i];
+                    return true;
+                }
             }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        if (tensor->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            try_table(gemm_gemv_kernels_q8);
+        } else {
+            try_table(gemm_gemv_kernels);
         }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(gemm_gemv_kernels);
+    GGML_UNUSED(gemm_gemv_kernels_q8);
+    GGML_UNUSED(cpu_features);
+#endif
     }
 
     return kernel;
@@ -326,12 +904,36 @@ ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(cpu_feature cpu_features, c
 ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(cpu_feature features) {
     ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = nullptr;
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels); ++i) {
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME)          ||  \
+    defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)      ||  \
+    defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)  ||  \
+    defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels) - 1; ++i) {
         if ((features & gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu) == gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu) {
             kernels = &gemm_gemv_kernels[i];
             break;
         }
     }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(features);
+#endif
+
+    return kernels;
+}
+
+ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q8_0(cpu_feature features) {
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = nullptr;
+
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels_q8) - 1; ++i) {
+        if ((features & gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].required_cpu) == gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].required_cpu) {
+            kernels = &gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i];
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(features);
+#endif
 
     return kernels;
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.h
index 3b268d4a22a..129245400b4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.h
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <functional>
-#include <variant>
 #include "ggml.h"
 
 enum cpu_feature {
@@ -15,6 +13,7 @@ enum cpu_feature {
     CPU_FEATURE_SVE     = 4,
     CPU_FEATURE_SME     = 8
 };
+
 inline cpu_feature& operator|=(cpu_feature& lhs, cpu_feature rhs) {
     lhs = static_cast<cpu_feature>(lhs | rhs);
     return lhs;
@@ -30,59 +29,54 @@ struct kernel_info {
     size_t (*get_nr)(void);
     size_t (*get_kr)(void);
     size_t (*get_sr)(void);
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<size_t(size_t n_idx, size_t k, size_t bl)>,
-        std::function<size_t(size_t m_idx, size_t k)>
-    > get_lhs_offset;
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<size_t(size_t n_idx, size_t k, size_t bl)>,
-        std::function<size_t(size_t n_idx, size_t k)>
-    > get_rhs_packed_offset;
+
     size_t (*get_dst_offset)(size_t m_idx, size_t n_idx, size_t stride);
     size_t (*get_dst_size)(size_t m, size_t n);
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<void(size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, size_t bl, const void* lhs_packed, const void* rhs_packed,
-            float* dst, size_t dst_stride_row, size_t dst_stride_col, float scalar_min, float scalar_max)>,
-        std::function<void(size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, const void* lhs_packed, const void* rhs_packed, void* dst, size_t dst_stride_row,
-            size_t dst_stride_col, float clamp_min, float clamp_max)>
-    > run_kernel;
+
+    size_t (*get_lhs_offset_ex)(size_t m_idx, size_t k, size_t bl);
+
+    size_t (*get_rhs_packed_offset_ex)(size_t n_idx, size_t k, size_t bl);
+
+    void (*run_kernel_ex)(
+        size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, size_t bl,
+        const void* lhs_packed, const void* rhs_packed,
+        void* dst, size_t dst_stride_row, size_t dst_stride_col,
+        float clamp_min, float clamp_max);
 };
 
 struct lhs_packing_info {
     size_t (*get_offset)(size_t m_idx, size_t lhs_stride);
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<size_t(size_t m_idx, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr)>,
-        std::function<size_t(size_t m_idx, size_t k, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr)>
-    > get_packed_offset;
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<size_t(size_t m_idx, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr)>,
-        std::function<size_t(size_t m, size_t k, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr)>
-    > packed_size;
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<void(size_t m, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t m_idx_start, const float* lhs,
-            size_t lhs_stride, void* lhs_packed)>,
-        std::function<void(size_t m, size_t k, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t m_idx_start, const void* lhs, size_t lhs_stride,
-        void* lhs_packed)>
-    > pack_func;
+
+    size_t (*get_packed_offset_ex)(size_t m_idx, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr);
+
+    size_t (*packed_size_ex)(size_t m, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr);
+
+    void (*pack_func_ex)(size_t m, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr,
+        size_t m_idx_start, const void * lhs, size_t lhs_stride, void * lhs_packed);
 };
 
 struct rhs_packing_info {
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<size_t(size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t bl)>,
-        std::function<size_t(size_t n, size_t k)>
-    > packed_size;
-    std::variant<
-        std::function<void(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t bl, const uint8_t* rhs,
-            const float* bias, void* rhs_packed, size_t extra_bytes, const struct kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param* params)>,
-        std::function<void(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t rhs_stride, const void* rhs,
-            const void* bias, const void* scale, void* rhs_packed, size_t extra_bytes, const void* params)>
-    > pack_func;
+    size_t (*packed_stride)(size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t bl);
+
+    void (*to_float)(const void *packed_data, int32_t row_idx, int64_t nc, float *out,
+                     size_t nr_pack, size_t packed_row_stride, size_t kr, size_t bl,
+                     size_t num_bytes_multiplier);
+
+    size_t (*packed_size_ex)(size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t bl);
+
+    size_t (*packed_stride_ex)(size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t bl);
+
+    void (*pack_func_ex)(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t bl,
+        size_t rhs_stride, const void * rhs, const void * bias, const void * scale, void * rhs_packed, size_t extra_bytes, const void * params);
 };
 
 struct ggml_kleidiai_kernels {
-    kernel_info gemm;
-    kernel_info gemv;
-    lhs_packing_info lhs_info;
+    kernel_info      gemm;
+    lhs_packing_info gemm_lhs_info;
+
+    kernel_info      gemv;
+    lhs_packing_info gemv_lhs_info;
+
     rhs_packing_info rhs_info;
 
     cpu_feature required_cpu;
@@ -93,3 +87,4 @@ struct ggml_kleidiai_kernels {
 
 ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(cpu_feature cpu_features, const ggml_tensor * tensor);
 ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(cpu_feature features);
+ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q8_0(cpu_feature features);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp
index fafe45e6c5c..9bcc18d442c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,31 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates <open-source-office@arm.com>
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025-2026 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates <open-source-office@arm.com>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 //
 #include <arm_neon.h>
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cfloat>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <set>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <climits>
 #if defined(__linux__)
 #include <asm/hwcap.h>
 #include <sys/auxv.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <string_view>
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
@@ -35,51 +50,369 @@
 #define GGML_COMMON_DECL_CPP
 #include "ggml-common.h"
 
+static constexpr int      GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS = 2;
+static constexpr uint32_t GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_MAGIC       = 0x4b4c4149; // "KLAI"
+static constexpr uint16_t GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_VERSION     = 1;
+static constexpr size_t   GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN       = 64;
+
 struct ggml_kleidiai_context {
     cpu_feature features;
-    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels;
-} static ctx = { CPU_FEATURE_NONE, NULL };
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels_q4;
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels_q8;
+    int sme_thread_cap; // <= 0 means “SME disabled/unknown”;
+    int thread_hint;    // <= 0 means “no hint”
+} static ctx = { CPU_FEATURE_NONE, nullptr, nullptr, 0, -1 };
+
+static const char* cpu_feature_to_string(cpu_feature f) {
+    if (f == CPU_FEATURE_NONE) {
+        return "NONE";
+    } else if ((f & CPU_FEATURE_SME) == CPU_FEATURE_SME) {
+        return "SME";
+    } else if ((f & CPU_FEATURE_SVE) == CPU_FEATURE_SVE) {
+        return "SVE";
+    }
+    else if ((f & CPU_FEATURE_I8MM) == CPU_FEATURE_I8MM) {
+        return "I8MM";
+    } else if ((f & CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD) == CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD) {
+        return "DOTPROD";
+    }
+    else {
+        return "UNKNOWN";
+    }
+}
 
-static void init_kleidiai_context(void) {
+static size_t detect_num_smcus() {
+    if (!ggml_cpu_has_sme()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    // Linux/aarch64: Best-effort count of Streaming Mode Compute Units (SMCUs) via SMIDR_EL1 sysfs.
+    size_t num_private = 0;
+    std::set<uint32_t> shared_ids;
+
+    for (size_t cpu = 0;; ++cpu) {
+        const std::string path =
+            "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu" + std::to_string(cpu) +
+            "/regs/identification/smidr_el1";
+
+        std::ifstream file(path);
+        if (!file.is_open()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t smidr = 0;
+        if (!(file >> std::hex >> smidr)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Arm ARM: SMIDR_EL1
+        const uint32_t sh = (uint32_t)((smidr >> 13) & 0x3);
+        // Build an "affinity-like" identifier for shared SMCUs.
+        // Keep the original packing logic, but isolate it here.
+        const uint32_t id = (uint32_t)((smidr & 0xFFFu) | ((smidr >> 20) & 0xFFFFF000u));
+
+        switch (sh) {
+            case 0b10: // private SMCU
+                ++num_private;
+                break;
+            case 0b11: // shared SMCU
+                shared_ids.emplace(id);
+                break;
+            case 0b00:
+                // Ambiguous / implementation-defined. Be conservative:
+                // treat id==0 as private, otherwise as shared.
+                if (id == 0) ++num_private;
+                else shared_ids.emplace(id);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return num_private + shared_ids.size();
+
+#elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    // table for known M4 variants. Users can override via GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME=<n>.
+    char chip_name[256] = {};
+    size_t size = sizeof(chip_name);
 
+    if (sysctlbyname("machdep.cpu.brand_string", chip_name, &size, nullptr, 0) == 0) {
+        const std::string brand(chip_name);
+
+        struct ModelSMCU { const char *match; size_t smcus; };
+        static const ModelSMCU table[] = {
+            { "M4 Ultra", 2 },
+            { "M4 Max",   2 },
+            { "M4 Pro",   2 },
+            { "M4",       1 },
+        };
+
+        for (const auto &e : table) {
+            if (brand.find(e.match) != std::string::npos) {
+                return e.smcus;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+
+#else
+    return 1;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int parse_uint_env(const char *s, const char *name, bool *ok) {
+    if (!s) { *ok = false; return 0; }
+    char *end = nullptr;
+    long v = strtol(s, &end, 10);
+    if (end == s || *end != '\0') {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("kleidiai: invalid %s='%s' (expected integer)\n", name, s);
+        *ok = false;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (v < 0 || v > INT_MAX) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("kleidiai: out-of-range %s='%s'\n", name, s);
+        *ok = false;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    *ok = true;
+    return (int)v;
+}
+
+static void init_kleidiai_context(void) {
     ggml_critical_section_start();
     static bool initialized = false;
 
     if (!initialized) {
         initialized = true;
-        const char *env_var = getenv("GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME");
-        int sme_enabled = 0;
+
+        const char *env_sme     = getenv("GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME");
+        const char *env_threads = getenv("GGML_TOTAL_THREADS");
+
+        const bool cpu_has_sme = ggml_cpu_has_sme();
+        size_t detected_smcus = 0;
 
         ctx.features  = (ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()     ? CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD : CPU_FEATURE_NONE) |
                         (ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8() ? CPU_FEATURE_I8MM    : CPU_FEATURE_NONE) |
-                        (ggml_cpu_has_sve()         ? CPU_FEATURE_SVE     : CPU_FEATURE_NONE);
+                        ((ggml_cpu_has_sve() && ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt() == QK8_0) ? CPU_FEATURE_SVE : CPU_FEATURE_NONE);
+
+        if (env_threads) {
+            bool ok = false;
+            int hint = parse_uint_env(env_threads, "GGML_TOTAL_THREADS", &ok);
+            if (ok && hint > 0) {
+                ctx.thread_hint = hint;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // SME policy:
+        // - If CPU doesn't support SME: SME always off.
+        // - Else:
+        //   - env unset => auto-detect cores; enable if detected > 0.
+        //   - env=0     => force off.
+        //   - env>0     => force N cores (skip detection).
+        int sme_cores = 0;
+        bool sme_env_ok = false;
+        bool sme_env_set = (env_sme != nullptr);
+
+        if (!cpu_has_sme) {
+            if (sme_env_set) {
+                bool ok = false;
+                int req = parse_uint_env(env_sme, "GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME", &ok);
+                if (ok && req > 0) {
+                    GGML_LOG_WARN("kleidiai: GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME=%d but SME is not supported on this CPU; disabling SME\n", req);
+                }
+            }
+            sme_cores = 0;
+        } else {
+            if (sme_env_set) {
+                bool ok = false;
+                int v = parse_uint_env(env_sme, "GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME", &ok);
+                sme_env_ok = ok;
+
+                if (!ok) {
+                    GGML_LOG_WARN("kleidiai: GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME set but parsing failed; falling back to runtime SME-core detection\n");
+                    detected_smcus = detect_num_smcus();
+                    sme_cores = detected_smcus > 0 ? (int)detected_smcus : 0;
+                } else if (v == 0) {
+                    sme_cores = 0;
+                } else {
+                    sme_cores = v;
+                }
+            } else {
+                detected_smcus = detect_num_smcus();
+                sme_cores = detected_smcus > 0 ? (int)detected_smcus : 0;
+            }
+
+            if (!sme_env_set && sme_cores == 0) {
+                GGML_LOG_WARN("kleidiai: SME supported but runtime SME-core detection returned 0; falling back to NEON\n");
+            }
+
+            if (sme_cores > 0) {
+                ctx.features |= CPU_FEATURE_SME;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Kernel selection
+        ctx.kernels_q4 = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(ctx.features);
+        ctx.kernels_q8 = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q8_0(ctx.features);
+
+        if (!ctx.kernels_q4) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("kleidiai: no compatible q4 kernels found for CPU features mask %d\n", (int)ctx.features);
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("kleidiai: primary q4 kernel feature %s\n", cpu_feature_to_string(ctx.kernels_q4->required_cpu));
+        }
 
-        if (env_var) {
-            sme_enabled = atoi(env_var);
+        if (!ctx.kernels_q8) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("kleidiai: no compatible q8 kernels found for CPU features mask %d\n", (int)ctx.features);
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("kleidiai: primary q8 kernel feature %s\n", cpu_feature_to_string(ctx.kernels_q8->required_cpu));
         }
 
-        if (sme_enabled != 0) {
-            ctx.features |= ggml_cpu_has_sme() ? CPU_FEATURE_SME : CPU_FEATURE_NONE;
+        ctx.sme_thread_cap = (ctx.features & CPU_FEATURE_SME) ? sme_cores : 0;
+
+        if (ctx.features & CPU_FEATURE_SME) {
+            if (sme_env_set && sme_env_ok && sme_cores > 0) {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("kleidiai: SME enabled (GGML_KLEIDIAI_SME=%d override)\n", sme_cores);
+            } else {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("kleidiai: SME enabled (runtime-detected SME cores=%d)\n", sme_cores);
+            }
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("kleidiai: SME disabled\n");
         }
-        ctx.kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(ctx.features);
     }
+
     ggml_critical_section_end();
 }
 
-static inline int64_t ggml_ne(const ggml_tensor * tensor, int dim) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    return tensor->ne[dim];
+static inline int kleidiai_sme_thread_cap() {
+    return ctx.sme_thread_cap;
 }
 
-template<typename Ret, typename Variant, typename... Args>
-static Ret variant_call(const Variant & var, Args&&... args) {
-    return std::visit([&](auto&& func) -> Ret {
-        if constexpr (std::is_invocable_r_v<Ret, decltype(func), Args...>) {
-            return func(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-        } else {
-            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid function type in variant_call");
+static inline size_t align_up(size_t value, size_t alignment) {
+    if (alignment == 0) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    const size_t remainder = value % alignment;
+    return remainder == 0 ? value : value + (alignment - remainder);
+}
+
+static inline bool kleidiai_pack_fallback_allowed() {
+    if (ctx.sme_thread_cap <= 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (ctx.thread_hint <= 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return ctx.thread_hint > ctx.sme_thread_cap;
+}
+
+struct kleidiai_weight_header {
+    uint32_t magic;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint16_t slot_count;
+    uint64_t offsets[GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS];
+    uint64_t sizes[GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS];
+};
+
+static inline kleidiai_weight_header * kleidiai_weight_header_from_ptr(void * data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<kleidiai_weight_header *>(data);
+}
+
+static inline const kleidiai_weight_header * kleidiai_weight_header_from_ptr(const void * data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const kleidiai_weight_header *>(data);
+}
+
+static inline bool kleidiai_is_weight_header_valid(const kleidiai_weight_header * header) {
+    if (!header) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (header->magic != GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_MAGIC || header->version != GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_VERSION) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (header->slot_count == 0 || header->slot_count > GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t * kleidiai_weight_slot_ptr(kleidiai_weight_header * header, int slot) {
+    if (!kleidiai_is_weight_header_valid(header)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (slot < 0 || slot >= header->slot_count) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(header) + header->offsets[slot];
+}
+
+static inline const uint8_t * kleidiai_weight_slot_ptr(const kleidiai_weight_header * header, int slot) {
+    if (!kleidiai_is_weight_header_valid(header)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (slot < 0 || slot >= header->slot_count) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(header) + header->offsets[slot];
+}
+
+static inline ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kleidiai_primary_kernel_q4() {
+    return ctx.kernels_q4;
+}
+
+static inline ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kleidiai_primary_kernel_q8() {
+    return ctx.kernels_q8;
+}
+
+template <typename SelectFallback>
+static int kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain_common(
+        ggml_kleidiai_kernels * primary,
+        cpu_feature features,
+        std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> & out,
+        SelectFallback select_fallback) {
+    int count = 0;
+    if (!primary) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    out[count++] = primary;
+
+    if ((primary->required_cpu & CPU_FEATURE_SME) == CPU_FEATURE_SME) {
+        const cpu_feature fallback_mask = static_cast<cpu_feature>(features & ~CPU_FEATURE_SME);
+        if (fallback_mask != CPU_FEATURE_NONE) {
+            ggml_kleidiai_kernels * fallback = select_fallback(fallback_mask);
+            if (fallback && fallback != primary &&
+                fallback->lhs_type == primary->lhs_type &&
+                fallback->rhs_type == primary->rhs_type &&
+                fallback->op_type  == primary->op_type) {
+                out[count++] = fallback;
+            }
         }
-    }, var);
+    }
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+static int kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain(const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> & out) {
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * primary = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, op);
+    return kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain_common(primary, ctx.features, out,
+        [&](cpu_feature mask) { return ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(mask, op); });
+}
+
+static int kleidiai_collect_q4_chain(std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> & out) {
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * primary = kleidiai_primary_kernel_q4();
+    return kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain_common(primary, ctx.features, out,
+        [&](cpu_feature mask) { return ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(mask); });
+}
+
+static int kleidiai_collect_q8_chain(std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> & out) {
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * primary = kleidiai_primary_kernel_q8();
+    return kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain_common(primary, ctx.features, out,
+        [&](cpu_feature mask) { return ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q8_0(mask); });
+}
+
+static inline int64_t ggml_ne(const ggml_tensor * tensor, int dim) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    return tensor->ne[dim];
 }
 
 namespace ggml::cpu::kleidiai {
@@ -102,81 +435,169 @@ static void transpose_f32kxn_f16nxk(size_t n, size_t k, float * dst, const uint1
 
 class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
     bool work_size(int /* n_threads */, const struct ggml_tensor * op, size_t & size) override {
-        ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, op);
-        GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
-        kernel_info * kernel = op->src[1]->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
-
-        size_t k = op->src[0]->ne[0];
-        size_t n = op->src[0]->ne[1];
-        size_t m = op->src[1]->ne[1];
-
-        size_t mr = kernel->get_mr();
-        size_t kr = kernel->get_kr();
-        size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
-
-        if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-            size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
-        } else if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr) +
-                   variant_call<size_t>(kernels->rhs_info.packed_size, n, k) +
-                   k * n * sizeof(float) + n * sizeof(float);
-        } else {
-            GGML_ASSERT(false);
+        if (op->op != GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
+            return false;
         }
 
-        return true;
-    }
+        std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> kernel_chain;
+        const int slot_count = kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain(op, kernel_chain);
+        if (slot_count == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const bool is_gemv = op->src[1]->ne[1] == 1;
+        const size_t k = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+        const size_t n = op->src[0]->ne[1];
+        const size_t m = op->src[1]->ne[1];
+
+        if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            const size_t qk = (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) ? QK4_0 : QK8_0;
+
+            size_t cursor = 0;
+            bool any_slot = false;
+
+            for (int slot = 0; slot < slot_count; ++slot) {
+                ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = kernel_chain[slot];
+                lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
+                kernel_info * kernel        = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+
+                if (!lhs_info || !lhs_info->packed_size_ex || !kernel) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                const size_t mr = kernel->get_mr();
+                const size_t kr = kernel->get_kr();
+                const size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
+
+                const size_t packed = lhs_info->packed_size_ex(m, k, qk, mr, kr, sr);
+
+                cursor = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+                cursor += packed;
+                any_slot = true;
+            }
+
+            if (!any_slot) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            size = cursor;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            const int64_t lhs_batch_size0 = op->src[1]->ne[2];
+            const int64_t rhs_batch_size0 = op->src[0]->ne[2];
+            GGML_ASSERT(rhs_batch_size0 > 0);
+            const int64_t r = lhs_batch_size0 / rhs_batch_size0;
+
+            size_t cursor = 0;
+            bool any_slot = false;
+
+            for (int slot = 0; slot < slot_count; ++slot) {
+                ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = kernel_chain[slot];
+                lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
+                kernel_info * kernel        = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+                if (!lhs_info || !lhs_info->packed_size_ex || !kernels->rhs_info.packed_size_ex || !kernel) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                const size_t mr = kernel->get_mr();
+                const size_t kr = kernel->get_kr();
+                const size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
+
+                cursor  = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+                cursor += lhs_info->packed_size_ex(m * r, k, 0, mr, kr, sr);
+                any_slot = true;
+            }
+
+            for (int slot = 0; slot < slot_count; ++slot) {
+                ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = kernel_chain[slot];
+                kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+                if (!kernel || !kernels->rhs_info.packed_size_ex) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                cursor  = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+                cursor += kernels->rhs_info.packed_size_ex(n, k, kernel->get_nr(), kernel->get_kr(), 0);
+            }
+
+            cursor  = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+            cursor += k * n * sizeof(float);
+            cursor  = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+            cursor += n * sizeof(float);
+
+            if (!any_slot) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            size = cursor;
+            return true;
+        }
 
+        return false;
+    }
 
     bool compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) override {
         if (dst->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
-            if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-                return compute_forward_q4_0(params, dst);
+            if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+                return compute_forward_qx(params, dst);
             } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                return compute_forward_kv_cache(params, dst);
+                return compute_forward_fp16(params, dst);
+            }
+        } else if (dst->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
+            if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+                return compute_forward_get_rows(params, dst);
             }
         }
         return false;
     }
 
-    bool compute_forward_kv_cache(ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
-        static std::atomic_flag first_to_arrive = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
-
+    bool compute_forward_fp16(ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
         const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
         const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
         GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
         ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
-        GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
+        if (!kernels) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
-        kernel_info * kernel = src1->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        const bool is_gemv = src1->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
         GGML_ASSERT(kernel);
+        if (!kernels->rhs_info.pack_func_ex ||
+            !kernel->get_lhs_offset_ex || !kernel->get_rhs_packed_offset_ex || !kernel->run_kernel_ex) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
         const int nth = params->nth;
         const int ith = params->ith;
 
         const int64_t lhs_batch_size0 = ne12;
         const int64_t rhs_batch_size0 = ne02;
-        const int64_t batch_size      = rhs_batch_size0;
+        const int64_t batch_size      = lhs_batch_size0;
 
+        GGML_ASSERT(rhs_batch_size0 > 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(lhs_batch_size0 % rhs_batch_size0 == 0);
         const int64_t r = lhs_batch_size0 / rhs_batch_size0;
 
-        const int64_t m = ne11 * r;
-        const int64_t n = ne01;
-        const int64_t k = ne00;
+        const int64_t m_group = ne11;
+        const int64_t m       = m_group;
+        const int64_t n       = ne01;
+        const int64_t k       = ne00;
 
         const size_t lhs_stride = src1->nb[1];
         const size_t rhs_stride = src0->nb[1];
         const size_t dst_stride = dst->nb[1];
 
-        const int64_t mr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_mr());
-        const int64_t nr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_nr());
-        const int64_t kr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_kr());
-        const int64_t sr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_sr());
+        const int64_t mr = (int64_t) kernel->get_mr();
+        const int64_t nr = (int64_t) kernel->get_nr();
+        const int64_t kr = (int64_t) kernel->get_kr();
+        const int64_t sr = (int64_t) kernel->get_sr();
 
-        const size_t lhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr);
-        const size_t rhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->rhs_info.packed_size, n, k);
+        const size_t lhs_packed_size = lhs_info->packed_size_ex(m, k, 0, mr, kr, sr);
+        const size_t rhs_packed_size = kernels->rhs_info.packed_size_ex(n, k, nr, kr, 0);
         const size_t kxn_size        = k * n * sizeof(float);
         const size_t bias_size       = n * sizeof(float);
 
@@ -189,79 +610,91 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         uint8_t * bias       = rhs_kxn + kxn_size;
 
         for (int64_t batch_idx = 0; batch_idx < batch_size; ++batch_idx) {
-            const uint8_t * lhs_batch = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src1->data) + batch_idx * m * lhs_stride;
-            const uint8_t * rhs_batch = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src0->data) + batch_idx * n * rhs_stride;
-            uint8_t * dst_batch       = static_cast<uint8_t *>(dst->data) + batch_idx * m * dst_stride;
+            const int64_t rhs_batch_idx = batch_idx / r;
+            const uint8_t * rhs_batch_base = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src0->data) + rhs_batch_idx * src0->nb[2];
+            uint8_t * dst_batch_base = static_cast<uint8_t *>(dst->data) + batch_idx * dst->nb[2];
 
-            // LHS packing
+            // LHS packing (threaded over m, honoring mr alignment and KV groups)
             {
                 const int64_t m_roundup_mr = kai_roundup(m, mr);
                 const int64_t num_threads  = KAI_MIN(m_roundup_mr / mr, nth);
 
                 if (ith < num_threads) {
-                    const int64_t num_m_per_thread0   = round_down(m_roundup_mr / num_threads, mr);
+                    const int64_t num_m_per_thread0   = round_down((size_t)(m_roundup_mr / num_threads), (size_t)mr);
                     const int64_t num_m_per_threadN_1 = m - (num_threads - 1) * num_m_per_thread0;
 
-                    const int64_t m_start          = ith * num_m_per_thread0;
-                    const int64_t num_m_per_thread = (ith == num_threads - 1) ? num_m_per_threadN_1 : num_m_per_thread0;
+                    const int64_t m_start = ith * num_m_per_thread0;
+                    const int64_t m_count = (ith == num_threads - 1) ? num_m_per_threadN_1 : num_m_per_thread0;
+
+                    // Base packed offset (aligned) and per-row stride in bytes
+                    const size_t base_packed_off  = lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(m_start, k, 0, mr, kr, sr);
+                    const size_t next_block_off   = lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(m_start + mr, k, 0, mr, kr, sr);
+                    const size_t row_stride_bytes = (next_block_off - base_packed_off) / (size_t)mr;
 
-                    const size_t lhs_offset        = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->gemm.get_lhs_offset, m_start, lhs_stride);
-                    const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.get_packed_offset, m_start, k, mr, kr, sr);
+                    int64_t remaining = m_count;
+                    int64_t cur       = m_start;
 
-                    const void * src_ptr = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(lhs_batch) + lhs_offset;
-                    void * dst_ptr       = static_cast<uint8_t *>(lhs_packed) + lhs_packed_offset;
+                    while (remaining > 0) {
+                        const int64_t row_in_group = cur;
+                        const int64_t avail        = m_group - row_in_group;
+                        const int64_t take         = std::min(avail, remaining);
 
-                    variant_call<void>(kernels->lhs_info.pack_func, num_m_per_thread, k, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, lhs_stride, dst_ptr);
+                        const uint8_t * lhs_batch_base = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src1->data) + batch_idx * src1->nb[2];
+                        const void * src_ptr = lhs_batch_base + (size_t)row_in_group * lhs_stride;
+                        const size_t dst_off = base_packed_off + (size_t)(cur - m_start) * row_stride_bytes;
+                        void * dst_ptr       = lhs_packed + dst_off;
+
+                        lhs_info->pack_func_ex(take, k, 0, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, lhs_stride, dst_ptr);
+
+                        cur       += take;
+                        remaining -= take;
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
-            // RHS packing
-            if (first_to_arrive.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire) == false) {
-                // First thread to reach this point handles RHS packing
-                memset(bias, 0, n * sizeof(float));
-                transpose_f32kxn_f16nxk(n, k, reinterpret_cast<float *>(rhs_kxn),
-                                        reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(rhs_batch), rhs_stride);
+            // RHS packing (single thread), then synchronize
+            if (ith == 0) {
+                memset(bias, 0, (size_t)n * sizeof(float));
+                transpose_f32kxn_f16nxk((size_t)n, (size_t)k,
+                                        reinterpret_cast<float *>(rhs_kxn),
+                                        reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(rhs_batch_base),
+                                        rhs_stride);
 
-                variant_call<void>(kernels->rhs_info.pack_func, 1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, n * sizeof(float),
+                kernels->rhs_info.pack_func_ex(1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, 0, n * sizeof(float),
                              rhs_kxn, bias, nullptr, rhs_packed, 0, nullptr);
             }
 
             ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
 
-            first_to_arrive.clear(std::memory_order_release);
-
-            // Perform the matmul
+            // Matmul (threaded over n)
             {
-                const int64_t m_to_process = m;
-                const int64_t m_start      = 0;
-
-                const int64_t n_step      = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_n_step());
-                const int64_t num_threads = KAI_MIN(n / n_step, nth);
+                const int64_t n_step  = (int64_t) kernel->get_n_step();
+                int64_t num_threads_n = KAI_MIN(n / n_step, nth);
+                if (num_threads_n <= 0) {
+                    num_threads_n = 1;
+                }
 
-                if (ith < num_threads) {
-                    const int64_t num_n_per_thread0   = round_down(n / num_threads, n_step);
-                    const int64_t num_n_per_threadN_1 = n - (num_threads - 1) * num_n_per_thread0;
+                if (ith < num_threads_n) {
+                    const int64_t num_n_per_thread0   = round_down((size_t)(n / num_threads_n), (size_t)n_step);
+                    const int64_t num_n_per_threadN_1 = n - (num_threads_n - 1) * num_n_per_thread0;
 
                     const int64_t n_start      = ith * num_n_per_thread0;
-                    const int64_t n_to_process = (ith == num_threads - 1) ? num_n_per_threadN_1 : num_n_per_thread0;
+                    const int64_t n_to_process = (ith == num_threads_n - 1) ? num_n_per_threadN_1 : num_n_per_thread0;
 
-                    const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(kernel->get_lhs_offset, m_start, k);
-                    const size_t rhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(kernel->get_rhs_packed_offset, n_start, k);
-                    const size_t dst_offset        = kernel->get_dst_offset(m_start, n_start, dst_stride);
+                    // LHS packed base at row 0 (consistent with packing above)
+                    const size_t lhs_packed_offset0 = lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(0, k, 0, mr, kr, sr);
+                    const size_t rhs_packed_offset  = kernel->get_rhs_packed_offset_ex(n_start, k, 0);
+                    const size_t dst_offset         = kernel->get_dst_offset((size_t)0, (size_t)n_start, dst_stride);
 
-                    const void * lhs_ptr = lhs_packed + lhs_packed_offset;
+                    const void * lhs_ptr = lhs_packed + lhs_packed_offset0;
                     const void * rhs_ptr = rhs_packed + rhs_packed_offset;
-                    float * dst_ptr      = reinterpret_cast<float *>(dst_batch + dst_offset);
+                    float * dst_ptr      = reinterpret_cast<float *>(dst_batch_base + dst_offset);
 
-                    variant_call<void>(kernel->run_kernel, m_to_process, n_to_process, k, lhs_ptr, rhs_ptr, dst_ptr, dst_stride, sizeof(float), -FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+                    kernel->run_kernel_ex(m, n_to_process, k, 0, lhs_ptr, rhs_ptr, dst_ptr, dst_stride, sizeof(float), -FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
                 }
             }
 
             if (batch_idx != batch_size - 1) {
-                // This barrier is necessary when the batch size is larger than 1. While processing a batch,
-                // the work data buffer (params->wdata) is used as temporary storage which means that only
-                // a single batch can be processed at any given time. No barrier is needed for the last
-                // batch since GGML inserts a barrier between the execution of every operator.
                 ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
             }
         }
@@ -269,100 +702,638 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool compute_forward_q4_0(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    bool compute_forward_qx(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+
         const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
         const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
         GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-        ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
-        GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
+        const kleidiai_weight_header * header = kleidiai_weight_header_from_ptr(src0->data);
+        const bool has_header = kleidiai_is_weight_header_valid(header);
+        const bool is_gemv = src1->ne[1] == 1;
+        std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> kernel_chain;
+        const int slot_total = kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain(dst, kernel_chain);
+
+        auto weight_for_slot = [&](int slot_index, size_t & size_out) -> const uint8_t * {
+            if (slot_index < 0 || slot_index >= slot_total) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            if (has_header) {
+                if (slot_index < header->slot_count) {
+                    size_out = static_cast<size_t>(header->sizes[slot_index]);
+                    return kleidiai_weight_slot_ptr(header, slot_index);
+                }
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            if (slot_index == 0) {
+                size_out = ggml_nbytes(src0);
+                return static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src0->data);
+            }
+            return nullptr;
+        };
+
+        struct runtime_slot {
+            int slot_index;
+            ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels;
+            kernel_info * kernel;
+            lhs_packing_info * lhs_info;
+            size_t mr;
+            size_t nr;
+            size_t kr;
+            size_t sr;
+            size_t n_step;
+            size_t lhs_packed_size;
+            size_t lhs_offset;
+            size_t n_offset;
+            size_t n_cols;
+            int assigned_threads;
+            int thread_begin;
+            int thread_end;
+            const uint8_t * rhs_base;
+        };
+
+        std::array<runtime_slot, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> runtime{};
+        int runtime_count = 0;
+
+        for (int slot = 0; slot < slot_total && runtime_count < GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS; ++slot) {
+            ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = kernel_chain[slot];
+            kernel_info * kinfo      = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+            lhs_packing_info * linfo = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
+            if (!kinfo || !linfo || !linfo->packed_size_ex || !linfo->pack_func_ex || !linfo->get_offset ||
+                !kinfo->get_rhs_packed_offset_ex || !kinfo->run_kernel_ex || !kinfo->get_dst_offset) {
+                continue;
+            }
 
-        kernel_info * kernel = src1->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
-        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = &kernels->lhs_info;
+            size_t rhs_size = 0;
+            const uint8_t * rhs_ptr = weight_for_slot(slot, rhs_size);
+            if (!rhs_ptr || rhs_size == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
 
-        GGML_ASSERT(kernel);
+            runtime[runtime_count] = {
+                slot,
+                kernels,
+                kinfo,
+                linfo,
+                kinfo->get_mr(),
+                kinfo->get_nr(),
+                kinfo->get_kr(),
+                kinfo->get_sr(),
+                kinfo->get_n_step(),
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                rhs_ptr
+            };
+            ++runtime_count;
+        }
 
-        const int ith = params->ith;
-        const int nth = params->nth;
+        if (runtime_count == 0) {
+            ggml_kleidiai_kernels * fallback = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
+            if (!fallback) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            kernel_info * kinfo      = is_gemv ? &fallback->gemv : &fallback->gemm;
+            lhs_packing_info * linfo = is_gemv ? &fallback->gemv_lhs_info : &fallback->gemm_lhs_info;
+            rhs_packing_info * rinfo = &fallback->rhs_info;
+            if (!kinfo || !linfo || !linfo->packed_size_ex || !linfo->pack_func_ex ||
+                !kinfo->get_rhs_packed_offset_ex || !kinfo->run_kernel_ex || !kinfo->get_dst_offset ||
+                !rinfo || !rinfo->pack_func_ex || !rinfo->packed_size_ex) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            kernel_chain[0] = fallback;
+            runtime[0] = {
+                0,
+                fallback,
+                kinfo,
+                linfo,
+                kinfo->get_mr(),
+                kinfo->get_nr(),
+                kinfo->get_kr(),
+                kinfo->get_sr(),
+                kinfo->get_n_step(),
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                nullptr
+            };
+            size_t rhs_size_fallback = 0;
+            const uint8_t * rhs_base = weight_for_slot(0, rhs_size_fallback);
+            if (!rhs_base) {
+                rhs_base = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src0->data);
+            }
+            runtime[0].rhs_base = rhs_base;
+            runtime_count = 1;
+        }
+
+        const int nth_total = params->nth > 0 ? params->nth : 1;
+        const int ith_total = params->ith;
+
+        int sme_slot = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < runtime_count; ++i) {
+            if ((runtime[i].kernels->required_cpu & CPU_FEATURE_SME) == CPU_FEATURE_SME) {
+                sme_slot = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const int sme_cap_limit = ctx.sme_thread_cap;
+        const bool use_hybrid = sme_cap_limit > 0 &&
+                                 runtime_count > 1 &&
+                                 nth_total > sme_cap_limit;
+        // Heuristic: disable hybrid for very small workloads where per-slot overhead dominates.
+        // If rows are small or average columns per thread are small, keep single-slot.
+        size_t min_cols_per_thread = 0;
+        if (runtime_count > 0 && nth_total > 0) {
+            min_cols_per_thread = (size_t) std::max<int64_t>(1, (int64_t)ne01 / (int64_t)nth_total);
+        }
+        const bool too_small_for_hybrid = (min_cols_per_thread < 2) || (ne11 < 128);
+
+        const bool hybrid_enabled = use_hybrid && !too_small_for_hybrid;
+
+        if (!hybrid_enabled) {
+            int chosen_slot = 0;
+            if (too_small_for_hybrid && sme_slot != -1) {
+                chosen_slot = sme_slot;
+            } else if (runtime_count > 1 && ctx.sme_thread_cap > 0 && nth_total > ctx.sme_thread_cap) {
+                chosen_slot = 1;
+            }
+            if (chosen_slot != 0 && chosen_slot < runtime_count) {
+                runtime[0] = runtime[chosen_slot];
+            }
+            runtime_count = runtime_count > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+
+            // Recompute SME slot based on the collapsed runtime[0]
+            sme_slot = -1;
+            if (runtime_count > 0 &&
+                (runtime[0].kernels->required_cpu & CPU_FEATURE_SME) == CPU_FEATURE_SME) {
+                sme_slot = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int sme_cap = kleidiai_sme_thread_cap();
+        if (sme_cap < 0) {
+            sme_cap = nth_total;
+        }
+        sme_cap = std::min(sme_cap, nth_total);
+
+        int threads_remaining = nth_total;
+        if (sme_slot != -1) {
+            int sme_threads = std::min(std::max(sme_cap, 0), threads_remaining);
+            runtime[sme_slot].assigned_threads = sme_threads;
+            threads_remaining -= sme_threads;
+        }
+
+        int fallback_indices[GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS];
+        int fallback_count = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < runtime_count; ++i) {
+            if (i == sme_slot) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            fallback_indices[fallback_count++] = i;
+        }
+
+        for (int fi = 0; fi < fallback_count; ++fi) {
+            if (threads_remaining <= 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            const int slot_index = fallback_indices[fi];
+            const int slots_left = fallback_count - fi;
+            int share = (threads_remaining + slots_left - 1) / slots_left;
+            share     = std::min(share, threads_remaining);
+            runtime[slot_index].assigned_threads = share;
+            threads_remaining -= share;
+        }
+
+        if (threads_remaining > 0) {
+            const int fallback_slot = (sme_slot != -1) ? sme_slot : 0;
+            runtime[fallback_slot].assigned_threads += threads_remaining;
+            threads_remaining = 0;
+        }
+
+        int thread_cursor = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < runtime_count; ++i) {
+            runtime[i].thread_begin = thread_cursor;
+            thread_cursor += runtime[i].assigned_threads;
+            runtime[i].thread_end = thread_cursor;
+        }
+
+        if (thread_cursor < nth_total && runtime_count > 0) {
+            runtime[runtime_count - 1].assigned_threads += nth_total - thread_cursor;
+            runtime[runtime_count - 1].thread_end = nth_total;
+        }
+
+        int local_slot = -1;
+        int local_ith  = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < runtime_count; ++i) {
+            if (ith_total >= runtime[i].thread_begin && ith_total < runtime[i].thread_end) {
+                local_slot = i;
+                local_ith  = ith_total - runtime[i].thread_begin;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (local_slot == -1) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
         const size_t k = ne00;
         const size_t m = ne11;
         const size_t n = ne01;
 
-        size_t mr = kernel->get_mr();
-        size_t kr = kernel->get_kr();
-        size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
+        size_t cursor = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < runtime_count; ++i) {
+            const ggml_type slot_rhs_type = runtime[i].kernels->rhs_type;
+            const size_t slot_pack_size_arg = slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? QK4_0 :
+                                              slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? QK8_0 : 0;
+            runtime[i].lhs_packed_size = runtime[i].lhs_info->packed_size_ex(m, k, slot_pack_size_arg, runtime[i].mr, runtime[i].kr, runtime[i].sr);
+            cursor = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+            runtime[i].lhs_offset = cursor;
+            cursor += runtime[i].lhs_packed_size;
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(cursor <= params->wsize);
+        uint8_t * scratch = static_cast<uint8_t *>(params->wdata);
+
+        size_t assigned_cols = 0;
+        uint64_t weighted_total = 0;
+        if (runtime_count > 1 && sme_slot != -1) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < runtime_count; ++i) {
+                const uint64_t weight = (i == sme_slot) ? (sme_cap << 1) : 1;
+                weighted_total += (uint64_t)runtime[i].assigned_threads * weight;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < runtime_count; ++i) {
+            runtime[i].n_offset = assigned_cols;
+            if (runtime[i].assigned_threads == 0) {
+                runtime[i].n_cols = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+            const size_t remaining_cols = n - assigned_cols;
+            if (remaining_cols == 0) {
+                runtime[i].n_cols = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+            const size_t step = runtime[i].n_step ? runtime[i].n_step : 1;
+            size_t target      = 0;
+            if (weighted_total > 0) {
+                const uint64_t weight = (i == sme_slot) ? (sme_cap << 1) : 1;
+                target = (size_t)(((uint64_t)n * runtime[i].assigned_threads * weight) / weighted_total);
+            } else {
+                target = (size_t)(((uint64_t)n * runtime[i].assigned_threads) / nth_total);
+            }
+            target             = std::min(target, remaining_cols);
+            size_t aligned     = round_down(target, step);
+            if (aligned == 0 && remaining_cols >= step) {
+                aligned = step;
+            }
+            runtime[i].n_cols = aligned;
+            assigned_cols += aligned;
+        }
+
+        if (assigned_cols < n) {
+            for (int i = runtime_count - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                if (runtime[i].assigned_threads > 0) {
+                    runtime[i].n_cols += n - assigned_cols;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        const size_t dst_stride = dst->nb[1];
+
+        for (int64_t batch_idx = 0; batch_idx < ne12; ++batch_idx) {
+            const uint8_t * lhs_batch_base = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src1->data) + batch_idx * src1->nb[2];
+            uint8_t * dst_batch_base = static_cast<uint8_t *>(dst->data) + batch_idx * dst->nb[2];
+
+            if (runtime[local_slot].assigned_threads > 0) {
+                runtime_slot & slot = runtime[local_slot];
+                const ggml_type slot_rhs_type = slot.kernels->rhs_type;
+                const size_t slot_lhs_exec_arg = slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? QK4_0 :
+                                                 slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? 0 : 0;
+                const int64_t m_roundup_mr = kai_roundup((int64_t)m, (int64_t)slot.mr);
+                int64_t max_threads = slot.mr ? (m_roundup_mr / (int64_t)slot.mr) : slot.assigned_threads;
+                max_threads = std::max<int64_t>(1, max_threads);
+                const int64_t use_threads = std::min<int64_t>(slot.assigned_threads, max_threads);
+
+                if (local_ith < use_threads) {
+                    const int64_t num_m_per_thread0   = round_down((size_t)(m_roundup_mr / use_threads), slot.mr);
+                    const int64_t num_m_per_threadN_1 = (int64_t)m - (use_threads - 1) * num_m_per_thread0;
+
+                    const int64_t m_start = (int64_t)local_ith * num_m_per_thread0;
+                    const int64_t m_count = (local_ith == use_threads - 1) ? num_m_per_threadN_1 : num_m_per_thread0;
+
+                    const size_t base_packed_off  = slot.lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(m_start, k, slot_lhs_exec_arg, slot.mr, slot.kr, slot.sr);
+                    const size_t next_block_off   = slot.lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(m_start + slot.mr, k, slot_lhs_exec_arg, slot.mr, slot.kr, slot.sr);
+                    const size_t row_stride_bytes = slot.mr ? (next_block_off - base_packed_off) / slot.mr : 0;
+
+                    int64_t remaining = m_count;
+                    int64_t cur       = m_start;
+
+                    uint8_t * lhs_packed = scratch + slot.lhs_offset;
+                    while (remaining > 0) {
+                        const int64_t row_in_group = cur;
+                        const int64_t avail        = (int64_t)m - row_in_group;
+                        const int64_t take         = std::min(avail, remaining);
+
+                        const size_t src_off = slot.lhs_info->get_offset(row_in_group, src1->nb[1]);
+                        const void * src_ptr = lhs_batch_base + src_off;
+                        const size_t dst_off = base_packed_off + (size_t)(cur - m_start) * row_stride_bytes;
+                        void * dst_ptr       = lhs_packed + dst_off;
+
+                        slot.lhs_info->pack_func_ex(take, k, slot_lhs_exec_arg, slot.mr, slot.kr, slot.sr, 0, src_ptr, src1->nb[1], dst_ptr);
+
+                        cur       += take;
+                        remaining -= take;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+            runtime_slot & slot = runtime[local_slot];
+            if (slot.n_cols > 0 && slot.assigned_threads > 0) {
+                int64_t active_threads = slot.assigned_threads;
+                const int64_t max_threads = slot.n_step ? (slot.n_cols / slot.n_step) : slot.assigned_threads;
+                if (max_threads > 0) {
+                    active_threads = std::min<int64_t>(active_threads, std::max<int64_t>(1, max_threads));
+                }
+                active_threads = std::max<int64_t>(1, active_threads);
+
+                if (local_ith < active_threads) {
+                    const size_t step = slot.n_step ? slot.n_step : 1;
+                    const size_t chunk0 = round_down((size_t)(slot.n_cols / active_threads), step);
+                    const size_t chunkN = slot.n_cols - (active_threads - 1) * chunk0;
+                    const size_t local_start = (size_t)local_ith * chunk0;
+                    const size_t cols = (local_ith == active_threads - 1) ? chunkN : chunk0;
+
+                    if (cols > 0) {
+                        const ggml_type slot_rhs_type = slot.kernels->rhs_type;
+                        const size_t slot_lhs_exec_arg = slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? QK4_0 :
+                                                         slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? 0 : 0;
+                        const size_t slot_rhs_block_arg = slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? QK4_0 :
+                                                          slot_rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? 0 : 0;
+                        const size_t global_start = slot.n_offset + local_start;
+                        const size_t lhs_packed_offset = slot.lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(0, k, slot_lhs_exec_arg, slot.mr, slot.kr, slot.sr);
+                        const size_t rhs_packed_offset = slot.kernel->get_rhs_packed_offset_ex(global_start, k, slot_rhs_block_arg);
+                        const size_t dst_offset        = slot.kernel->get_dst_offset(0, global_start, dst_stride);
+
+                        const uint8_t * lhs_ptr = scratch + slot.lhs_offset + lhs_packed_offset;
+                        const uint8_t * rhs_ptr = slot.rhs_base + rhs_packed_offset;
+                        float * dst_ptr         = reinterpret_cast<float *>(dst_batch_base + dst_offset);
+
+                        slot.kernel->run_kernel_ex(m, cols, k, slot_rhs_block_arg,
+                                                   lhs_ptr,
+                                                   rhs_ptr,
+                                                   dst_ptr,
+                                                   dst_stride,
+                                                   sizeof(float),
+                                                   -FLT_MAX,
+                                                   FLT_MAX);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (batch_idx != ne12 - 1) {
+                ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool compute_forward_get_rows(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+        const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+        const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+        const kleidiai_weight_header * header = kleidiai_weight_header_from_ptr(src0->data);
+        const bool has_header = kleidiai_is_weight_header_valid(header);
 
-        const uint8_t * lhs        = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src1->data);
-        uint8_t * lhs_packed       = (uint8_t*)params->wdata;
-        const uint8_t * rhs_packed = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src0->data);
+        std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> kernel_chain;
+        const bool want_q8 = src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+        const int chain_count = want_q8 ? kleidiai_collect_q8_chain(kernel_chain)
+                                        : kleidiai_collect_q4_chain(kernel_chain);
 
-        const size_t n_step = kernel->get_n_step();
-        const size_t num_n_per_thread = kai_roundup(kai_roundup(n, nth) / nth, n_step);
-        const size_t n_start = ith * num_n_per_thread;
+        ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = nullptr;
+        const uint8_t * packed_base = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src0->data);
+
+        if (has_header && chain_count > 0) {
+            int select_slot = 0;
+            if (select_slot >= header->slot_count) {
+                select_slot = header->slot_count - 1;
+            }
+            if (select_slot >= 0 && select_slot < chain_count) {
+                kernels = kernel_chain[select_slot];
+                const uint8_t * slot_ptr = kleidiai_weight_slot_ptr(header, select_slot);
+                if (slot_ptr) {
+                    packed_base = slot_ptr;
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-        size_t n_to_process = num_n_per_thread;
-        if ((n_start + n_to_process) > n) {
-            n_to_process = n - n_start;
+        if (!kernels && chain_count > 0) {
+            kernels = kernel_chain[0];
+            if (has_header) {
+                const uint8_t * slot_ptr = kleidiai_weight_slot_ptr(header, 0);
+                if (slot_ptr) {
+                    packed_base = slot_ptr;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        // Calculate number of columns to be processed per thread
-        const size_t num_m_per_thread = kai_roundup(m, mr * nth) / nth;
-        const size_t m_start = ith * num_m_per_thread;
-        size_t m_to_process = num_m_per_thread;
-        if ((m_start + m_to_process) > m) {
-            m_to_process = m - m_start;
+        if (!kernels) {
+            return false;
         }
 
-        if (m_start < m) {
-            // Transform LHS
-            const size_t src_stride        = src1->nb[1];
-            const float * src_ptr          = reinterpret_cast<const float *>(lhs + lhs_info->get_offset(m_start, dst->src[1]->nb[1]));
-            const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->get_packed_offset, m_start, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
-            void * lhs_packed_ptr          = static_cast<void *>(lhs_packed + lhs_packed_offset);
+        rhs_packing_info * rhs_info = &kernels->rhs_info;
+        kernel_info * kernel        = &kernels->gemm;
+        if (!rhs_info->to_float || !kernel->get_nr) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
-            variant_call<void>(lhs_info->pack_func, m_to_process, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, src_stride, lhs_packed_ptr);
+        const int64_t nc     = ne00;
+        const int64_t nr     = ggml_nelements(src1);
+
+        const ggml_type rhs_type = kernels->rhs_type;
+        size_t block_len = 0;
+        size_t num_bytes_multiplier = 0;
+        if (rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+            block_len = QK4_0;
+            num_bytes_multiplier = sizeof(uint16_t);
+        } else if (rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            block_len = QK8_0;
+            num_bytes_multiplier = sizeof(float);
+        } else {
+            return false;
         }
 
-        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+        const size_t block_rows = kernel->get_nr();
+        const size_t kr         = kernel->get_kr();
+
+        const size_t packed_stride = rhs_info->packed_stride(nc, block_rows, kr, block_len);
 
-        // Perform the operation
-        const size_t dst_stride        = dst->nb[1];
-        const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->get_packed_offset, 0, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
-        const size_t rhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(kernel->get_rhs_packed_offset, n_start, k, QK4_0);
-        const size_t dst_offset        = kernel->get_dst_offset(0, n_start, dst_stride);
-        const void * rhs_ptr           = static_cast<const void *>(rhs_packed + rhs_packed_offset);
-        const void* lhs_ptr            = (const void*)((const char *)lhs_packed + lhs_packed_offset);
-        float *dst_ptr                 = reinterpret_cast<float *>(static_cast<uint8_t *>(dst->data) + dst_offset);
+        const int ith = params->ith;
+        const int nth = params->nth;
+
+        const int dr = (nr + nth - 1) / nth;
+        const int ir0 = dr * ith;
+        const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-        variant_call<void>(kernel->run_kernel, m, n_to_process, k, QK4_0, lhs_ptr, rhs_ptr, dst_ptr, dst_stride,
-                           sizeof(float), -FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+        for (int64_t i = ir0; i < ir1; ++i) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+            int64_t row_idx = ((const int32_t *)src1->data)[i];
+            GGML_ASSERT(row_idx >= 0 && row_idx < src0->ne[1]);
+
+            float *out = (float *)((char *)dst->data + i * nb1);
+            rhs_info->to_float(packed_base, row_idx, nc, out, block_rows, packed_stride, kr, block_len, num_bytes_multiplier);
+        }
 
         return true;
     }
 
 public:
     int repack(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ctx.kernels);
+        GGML_ASSERT(tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
         const size_t n = tensor->ne[1];
         const size_t k = tensor->ne[0];
-        size_t nr      = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_nr();
-        size_t kr      = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_kr();
-        size_t sr      = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_sr();
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        const size_t repacked_size = variant_call<size_t>(ctx.kernels->rhs_info.packed_size, n, k, nr, kr, QK4_0);
-        GGML_ASSERT(repacked_size <= data_size && "repacked size larger than the packed size!");
-#endif
-        struct kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param params;
-        params.lhs_zero_point = 1;
-        params.rhs_zero_point = 8;
-        variant_call<void>(ctx.kernels->rhs_info.pack_func, 1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, QK4_0, (const uint8_t*)data, nullptr, tensor->data, 0, &params);
+        kleidiai_weight_header * header = kleidiai_weight_header_from_ptr(tensor->data);
+        if (!header) {
+            return -1;
+        }
 
-        return 0;
+        header->magic      = GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_MAGIC;
+        header->version    = GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_VERSION;
+        header->slot_count = 0;
+
+        uint8_t * base_ptr = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
+        size_t cursor = sizeof(kleidiai_weight_header);
+        cursor = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+
+        std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> kernel_chain;
+        const bool want_q8 = tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+        const int slot_total = want_q8 ? kleidiai_collect_q8_chain(kernel_chain)
+                                       : kleidiai_collect_q4_chain(kernel_chain);
+        const bool allow_fallback = kleidiai_pack_fallback_allowed();
+
+        std::vector<int8_t> qdata;
+        std::vector<float>  scales;
+
+        if (want_q8 && slot_total > 0) {
+            qdata.resize(n * k, 0);
+            scales.resize(n, 0.0f);
+
+            const size_t row_stride = tensor->nb[1];
+            const size_t k_blocks   = (k + QK8_0 - 1) / QK8_0;
+
+            for (size_t row = 0; row < n; ++row) {
+                const auto * row_blocks = reinterpret_cast<const block_q8_0 *>(
+                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data) + row * row_stride);
+
+                float max_abs = 0.0f;
+                for (size_t block = 0; block < k_blocks; ++block) {
+                    const block_q8_0 & blk = row_blocks[block];
+                    const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(blk.d);
+                    for (size_t l = 0; l < QK8_0; ++l) {
+                        const size_t linear_idx = block * QK8_0 + l;
+                        if (linear_idx >= k) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        const float value = d * static_cast<float>(blk.qs[l]);
+                        max_abs = std::max(max_abs, std::fabs(value));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                float scale = max_abs > 0.0f ? max_abs / 127.0f : 0.0f;
+                scales[row] = scale;
+                const float inv_scale = scale > 0.0f ? 1.0f / scale : 0.0f;
+
+                for (size_t block = 0; block < k_blocks; ++block) {
+                    const block_q8_0 & blk = row_blocks[block];
+                    const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(blk.d);
+                    for (size_t l = 0; l < QK8_0; ++l) {
+                        const size_t linear_idx = block * QK8_0 + l;
+                        if (linear_idx >= k) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        const float value = d * static_cast<float>(blk.qs[l]);
+                        int32_t q = scale > 0.0f ? static_cast<int32_t>(std::lround(value * inv_scale)) : 0;
+                        q = std::clamp(q, -127, 127);
+                        qdata[row * k + linear_idx] = static_cast<int8_t>(q);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int slot = 0; slot < slot_total && slot < GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS; ++slot) {
+            if (!allow_fallback && slot > 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = kernel_chain[slot];
+            kernel_info * kernel = &kernels->gemm;
+            rhs_packing_info * rhs_info = &kernels->rhs_info;
+            if (!rhs_info || !rhs_info->pack_func_ex || !rhs_info->packed_size_ex || !kernel) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const size_t nr = kernel->get_nr();
+            const size_t kr = kernel->get_kr();
+            const size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
+            const ggml_type rhs_type = kernels->rhs_type;
+            const size_t block_len = rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? QK8_0 :
+                                     rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? QK4_0 : 0;
+            if (block_len == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const size_t packed_size = rhs_info->packed_size_ex(n, k, nr, kr, block_len);
+            const size_t aligned_cursor = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+
+            uint8_t * dst_ptr = base_ptr + aligned_cursor;
+
+            if (rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+                struct kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param params;
+                params.lhs_zero_point = 1;
+                params.rhs_zero_point = 8;
+                rhs_info->pack_func_ex(1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, QK4_0, 0,
+                                       static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data), nullptr, nullptr,
+                                       dst_ptr, 0, &params);
+            } else if (rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+                struct kai_rhs_pack_qsi8cx_params params;
+                params.lhs_zero_point = 1;
+                params.scale_multiplier = 1.0f;
+                rhs_info->pack_func_ex(1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, 0, 0,
+                                       qdata.data(), nullptr, scales.data(),
+                                       dst_ptr, 0, &params);
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            header->offsets[header->slot_count] = aligned_cursor;
+            header->sizes[header->slot_count]   = packed_size;
+            ++header->slot_count;
+
+            cursor = aligned_cursor + packed_size;
+        }
+
+        if (header->slot_count == 0) {
+            header->magic   = 0;
+            header->version = 0;
+            memcpy(tensor->data, data, data_size);
+        }
 
-        GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+        return 0;
     }
 };
 
@@ -375,8 +1346,8 @@ static ggml::cpu::tensor_traits * get_tensor_traits(ggml_backend_buffer_t, struc
 static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     tensor->extra = (void *) ggml::cpu::kleidiai::get_tensor_traits(buffer, tensor);
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor,
@@ -392,9 +1363,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t bu
 }
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return "CPU_KLEIDIAI";
-
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+    return "CPU_KLEIDIAI";
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
@@ -413,23 +1383,84 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
     return TENSOR_ALIGNMENT;
+}
 
+static size_t ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+
+    if (tensor->type != GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 && tensor->type != GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+    }
+
+    const size_t n = tensor->ne[1];
+    const size_t k = tensor->ne[0];
+
+    size_t cursor = sizeof(kleidiai_weight_header);
+    cursor = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+
+    std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> kernel_chain;
+    const bool want_q8 = tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+    const int slot_total = want_q8 ? kleidiai_collect_q8_chain(kernel_chain)
+                                   : kleidiai_collect_q4_chain(kernel_chain);
+    const bool allow_fallback = kleidiai_pack_fallback_allowed();
+
+    size_t slot_count = 0;
+    for (int slot = 0; slot < slot_total; ++slot) {
+        if (!allow_fallback && slot > 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = kernel_chain[slot];
+        if (!kernels) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        kernel_info * kernel = &kernels->gemm;
+        rhs_packing_info * rhs_info = &kernels->rhs_info;
+        if (!kernel || !rhs_info || !rhs_info->packed_size_ex) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const ggml_type rhs_type = kernels->rhs_type;
+        const size_t block_len = rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? QK4_0 :
+                                 rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? QK8_0 : 0;
+        if (block_len == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        cursor = align_up(cursor, GGML_KLEIDIAI_PACK_ALIGN);
+        cursor += rhs_info->packed_size_ex(n, k, kernel->get_nr(), kernel->get_kr(), block_len);
+        ++slot_count;
+    }
+
+    if (slot_count == 0) {
+        return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+    }
+
+    return std::max(cursor, ggml_nbytes(tensor));
 }
 
 namespace ggml::cpu::kleidiai {
 class extra_buffer_type : ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type {
     bool supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t, const struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
-        if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT &&
-            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 &&
+        std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> kernel_chain;
+        const int slot_total = kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain(op, kernel_chain);
+        if ((op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT || op->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) &&
+            (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) &&
             op->src[0]->buffer &&
             (ggml_n_dims(op->src[0]) == 2) &&
-            op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type() && ctx.kernels) {
+            op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type() &&
+            slot_total > 0) {
+            if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 && ctx.kernels_q4 == nullptr) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 && ctx.kernels_q8 == nullptr) {
+                return false;
+            }
             if (op->src[1]->buffer && !ggml_backend_buft_is_host(op->src[1]->buffer->buft)) {
                 return false;
             }
-            if (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+            if ((op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) &&
                 ggml_ne(op->src[1], 2) == 1 && ggml_ne(op->src[1], 3) == 1) {
                 return true;
             }
@@ -438,22 +1469,20 @@ class extra_buffer_type : ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type {
     }
 
     ggml::cpu::tensor_traits * get_tensor_traits(const struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
-        if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
+        if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT || op->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
             if (op->src[0]->buffer && op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type()) {
                 return (ggml::cpu::tensor_traits *) op->src[0]->extra;
-            }
-            else if (ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, op) &&
-                     op->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW &&
-                     (op->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || op->src[1]->op ==  GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) &&
-                     op->src[1]->ne[1] > 1) {
-                if ((op->src[0]->nb[0] != 2) ||
-                    (op->src[1]->nb[0] != 4) ||
-                    (op->src[0]->nb[1] * op->src[0]->ne[1] != op->src[0]->nb[2]) ||
-                    (op->src[1]->nb[1] * op->src[1]->ne[1] != op->src[1]->nb[2])) {
-                    return nullptr;
+            } else {
+                std::array<ggml_kleidiai_kernels *, GGML_KLEIDIAI_MAX_KERNEL_SLOTS> kernel_chain;
+                const int slot_total = kleidiai_collect_kernel_chain(op, kernel_chain);
+                const bool has_kernel = slot_total > 0;
+                if (has_kernel && op->src[1]->ne[1] > 1) {
+                    if ((op->src[0]->nb[1] * op->src[0]->ne[1] != op->src[0]->nb[2]) ||
+                        (op->src[1]->nb[1] * op->src[1]->ne[1] != op->src[1]->nb[2])) {
+                        return nullptr;
+                    }
+                    return ggml::cpu::kleidiai::get_tensor_traits(NULL, NULL);
                 }
-
-                return ggml::cpu::kleidiai::get_tensor_traits(NULL, NULL);
             }
         }
         return nullptr;
@@ -469,7 +1498,7 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type(void) {
                            /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
                            /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_get_alignment,
                            /* .get_max_size     = */ nullptr,  // defaults to SIZE_MAX
-                           /* .get_alloc_size   = */ nullptr,  // defaults to ggml_nbytes
+                           /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
                            /* .is_host          = */ nullptr,
                            },
         /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cpu_reg(), 0),
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.cpp
index 7ed3874afb8..c89e5076f26 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <type_traits>
@@ -68,12 +69,16 @@
 #define VECTOR_REGISTERS 16
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+#define LMUL 4
+#endif
+
 #define MM256_SET_M128I(a, b) _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(b), (a), 1)
 
 namespace {
 
 inline float unhalf(ggml_fp16_t d) {
-    return GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d);
+    return GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(d);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -175,6 +180,46 @@ inline float32x4_t madd(float32x4_t a, float32x4_t b, float32x4_t c) {
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+template <>
+inline vfloat32m1_t madd(vfloat16mf2_t a, vfloat16mf2_t b, vfloat32m1_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m1(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1());
+}
+inline vfloat32m2_t madd(vfloat16m1_t a, vfloat16m1_t b, vfloat32m2_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m2(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2());
+}
+inline vfloat32m4_t madd(vfloat16m2_t a, vfloat16m2_t b, vfloat32m4_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m4(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4());
+}
+inline vfloat32m8_t madd(vfloat16m4_t a, vfloat16m4_t b, vfloat32m8_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m8(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8());
+}
+inline vfloat32m1_t madd(vfloat32m1_t a, vfloat32m1_t b, vfloat32m1_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m1(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1());
+}
+inline vfloat32m2_t madd(vfloat32m2_t a, vfloat32m2_t b, vfloat32m2_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2());
+}
+inline vfloat32m4_t madd(vfloat32m4_t a, vfloat32m4_t b, vfloat32m4_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m4(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4());
+}
+inline vfloat32m8_t madd(vfloat32m8_t a, vfloat32m8_t b, vfloat32m8_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m8(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8());
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv_zvfbfwma)
+inline vfloat32m1_t madd(vbfloat16mf2_t a, vbfloat16mf2_t b, vfloat32m1_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfwmaccbf16_vv_f32m1(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1());
+}
+inline vfloat32m2_t madd(vbfloat16m1_t a, vbfloat16m1_t b, vfloat32m2_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfwmaccbf16_vv_f32m2(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2());
+}
+inline vfloat32m4_t madd(vbfloat16m2_t a, vbfloat16m2_t b, vfloat32m4_t c) {
+    return __riscv_vfwmaccbf16_vv_f32m4(c, a, b, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4());
+}
+#endif
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // VECTORIZED HORIZONTAL SUM
 
@@ -227,6 +272,25 @@ inline float hsum(__m512 x) {
 }
 #endif // __AVX512F__
 
+#if defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+inline float hsum(vfloat32m1_t x) {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(
+        __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(x, __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1()));
+}
+inline float hsum(vfloat32m2_t x) {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(
+        __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m2_f32m1(x, __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2()));
+}
+inline float hsum(vfloat32m4_t x) {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(
+        __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m4_f32m1(x, __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4()));
+}
+inline float hsum(vfloat32m8_t x) {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(
+        __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m8_f32m1(x, __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8()));
+}
+#endif
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // VECTORIZED MEMORY LOADING
 
@@ -252,7 +316,7 @@ template <> inline float32x4_t load(const ggml_fp16_t * p) {
     float tmp[4];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(p[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(p[i]);
     }
 
     return vec_xl(0, (const float *)(tmp));
@@ -315,6 +379,88 @@ template <> inline __m256bh load(const float *p) {
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+template <> inline vfloat16mf2_t load(const ggml_fp16_t *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle16_v_f16mf2(reinterpret_cast<const _Float16 *>(p), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16mf2());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat16m1_t load(const ggml_fp16_t *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1(reinterpret_cast<const _Float16 *>(p), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m1());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat16m2_t load(const ggml_fp16_t *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2(reinterpret_cast<const _Float16 *>(p), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat16m4_t load(const ggml_fp16_t *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4(reinterpret_cast<const _Float16 *>(p), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m4());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m1_t load(const float *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle32_v_f32m1(p, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m2_t load(const float *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(p, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m4_t load(const float *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m8_t load(const float *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(p, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8());
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv_zvfbfwma)
+template <> inline vbfloat16mf2_t load(const ggml_bf16_t *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle16_v_bf16mf2(reinterpret_cast<const __bf16*>(p), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16mf2());
+}
+template <> inline vbfloat16m1_t load(const ggml_bf16_t *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m1(reinterpret_cast<const __bf16*>(p), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m1());
+}
+template <> inline vbfloat16m2_t load(const ggml_bf16_t *p) {
+    return __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2(reinterpret_cast<const __bf16*>(p), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2());
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+template <typename T> T set_zero();
+
+template <> inline vfloat16mf2_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f16mf2(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16mf2());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat16m1_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f16m1(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m1());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat16m2_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f16m2(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat16m4_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f16m4(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m4());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m1_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m2_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m4_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4());
+}
+template <> inline vfloat32m8_t set_zero() {
+    return __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8());
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+template <typename T> size_t vlmax() {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat16mf2_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16mf2(); }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat16m1_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m1(); }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat16m2_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2(); }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat16m4_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m4(); }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat32m1_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1(); }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat32m2_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2(); }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat32m4_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4(); }
+    else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, vfloat32m8_t>) { return  __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8(); }
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // FLOATING POINT MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
 
@@ -387,7 +533,7 @@ class tinyBLAS {
         if constexpr (RN > 1) {
             return mnpack<RM, RN-1, BM>(m, n, SIZE_N, BN);
         } else {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("mnpack<%d, %d> bloc size not supported\n", RM, (int)SIZE_N);
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("mnpack<%d, %d> block size not supported\n", RM, (int)SIZE_N);
             GGML_ASSERT(false); // we have miss something.
         }
     }
@@ -488,6 +634,573 @@ class tinyBLAS {
     const int64_t ldc;
 };
 
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+template <typename D, typename V, typename TA, typename TB, typename TC>
+class tinyBLAS_RVV {
+  public:
+    tinyBLAS_RVV(const ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t k,
+             const TA *A, int64_t lda,
+             const TB *B, int64_t ldb,
+             TC *C, int64_t ldc)
+        : params(params), A(A), B(B), C(C), k(k), lda(lda), ldb(ldb), ldc(ldc) {
+    }
+
+    bool matmul(int64_t m, int64_t n) {
+        if (k % vlmax<V>() != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+#if LMUL == 1
+        if (m % 16 == 0 && (m/16 >= params->nth)) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<6>(n);
+            mnpack<4, 6, 4>(m, n, SIZE_N, 12);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m % 8 == 0 ) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<6>(n);
+            mnpack<4, 6, 2>(m, n, SIZE_N, 12);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m % 4 == 0) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<6>(n);
+            mnpack<4, 6, 1>(m, n, SIZE_N, 12);
+            return true;
+        }
+#elif LMUL == 2
+        if (m % 16 == 0 && (m/16 >= params->nth)) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<3>(n);
+            mnpack<4, 3, 4>(m, n, SIZE_N, 24);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m % 8 == 0 ) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<3>(n);
+            mnpack<4, 3, 2>(m, n, SIZE_N, 24);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m % 4 == 0) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<3>(n);
+            mnpack<4, 3, 1>(m, n, SIZE_N, 24);
+            return true;
+        }
+#else // LMUL = 4
+        if (m % 16 == 0 && (m/16 >= params->nth)) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<2>(n);
+            mnpack<2, 2, 8>(m, n, SIZE_N, 36);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m % 8 == 0 ) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<2>(n);
+            mnpack<2, 2, 4>(m, n, SIZE_N, 36);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m % 4 == 0) {
+            const int64_t SIZE_N = BLOCK_SIZE<2>(n);
+            mnpack<2, 2, 2>(m, n, SIZE_N, 36);
+            return true;
+        }
+#endif
+        return false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    template<int RM, int RN, int BM>
+    inline void mnpack(int64_t m, int64_t n, int64_t SIZE_N, int64_t BN) {
+        if (SIZE_N == RN) {
+            return gemm<RM, RN, BM>(m, n, BN);
+        }
+        if constexpr (RN > 1) {
+            return mnpack<RM, RN-1, BM>(m, n, SIZE_N, BN);
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("mnpack<%d, %d> block size not supported\n", RM, (int)SIZE_N);
+            GGML_ASSERT(false); // we have miss something.
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_4x6(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv02 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv03 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv10 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv11 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv12 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv13 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv20 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv21 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv22 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv23 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv30 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv31 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv32 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv33 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv40 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv41 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv42 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv43 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv50 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv51 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv52 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv53 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            V Bv1 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 1) + l);
+            V Bv2 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 2) + l);
+            V Bv3 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 3) + l);
+            V Bv4 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 4) + l);
+            V Bv5 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 5) + l);
+
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv10 = madd(Av0, Bv1, Cv10);
+            Cv20 = madd(Av0, Bv2, Cv20);
+            Cv30 = madd(Av0, Bv3, Cv30);
+            Cv40 = madd(Av0, Bv4, Cv40);
+            Cv50 = madd(Av0, Bv5, Cv50);
+
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+            Cv11 = madd(Av1, Bv1, Cv11);
+            Cv21 = madd(Av1, Bv2, Cv21);
+            Cv31 = madd(Av1, Bv3, Cv31);
+            Cv41 = madd(Av1, Bv4, Cv41);
+            Cv51 = madd(Av1, Bv5, Cv51);
+
+            V Av2 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 2) + l);
+            Cv02 = madd(Av2, Bv0, Cv02);
+            Cv12 = madd(Av2, Bv1, Cv12);
+            Cv22 = madd(Av2, Bv2, Cv22);
+            Cv32 = madd(Av2, Bv3, Cv32);
+            Cv42 = madd(Av2, Bv4, Cv42);
+            Cv52 = madd(Av2, Bv5, Cv52);
+
+            V Av3 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 3) + l);
+            Cv03 = madd(Av3, Bv0, Cv03);
+            Cv13 = madd(Av3, Bv1, Cv13);
+            Cv23 = madd(Av3, Bv2, Cv23);
+            Cv33 = madd(Av3, Bv3, Cv33);
+            Cv43 = madd(Av3, Bv4, Cv43);
+            Cv53 = madd(Av3, Bv5, Cv53);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv02);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv03);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv10);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv11);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv12);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv13);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv20);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv21);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv22);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv23);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv30);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv31);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv32);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv33);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv40);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv41);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv42);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv43);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 5) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv50);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 5) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv51);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 5) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv52);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 5) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv53);
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_4x5(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv02 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv03 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv10 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv11 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv12 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv13 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv20 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv21 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv22 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv23 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv30 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv31 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv32 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv33 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv40 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv41 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv42 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv43 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            V Bv1 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 1) + l);
+            V Bv2 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 2) + l);
+            V Bv3 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 3) + l);
+            V Bv4 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 4) + l);
+
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv10 = madd(Av0, Bv1, Cv10);
+            Cv20 = madd(Av0, Bv2, Cv20);
+            Cv30 = madd(Av0, Bv3, Cv30);
+            Cv40 = madd(Av0, Bv4, Cv40);
+
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+            Cv11 = madd(Av1, Bv1, Cv11);
+            Cv21 = madd(Av1, Bv2, Cv21);
+            Cv31 = madd(Av1, Bv3, Cv31);
+            Cv41 = madd(Av1, Bv4, Cv41);
+
+            V Av2 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 2) + l);
+            Cv02 = madd(Av2, Bv0, Cv02);
+            Cv12 = madd(Av2, Bv1, Cv12);
+            Cv22 = madd(Av2, Bv2, Cv22);
+            Cv32 = madd(Av2, Bv3, Cv32);
+            Cv42 = madd(Av2, Bv4, Cv42);
+
+            V Av3 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 3) + l);
+            Cv03 = madd(Av3, Bv0, Cv03);
+            Cv13 = madd(Av3, Bv1, Cv13);
+            Cv23 = madd(Av3, Bv2, Cv23);
+            Cv33 = madd(Av3, Bv3, Cv33);
+            Cv43 = madd(Av3, Bv4, Cv43);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv02);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv03);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv10);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv11);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv12);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv13);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv20);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv21);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv22);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv23);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv30);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv31);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv32);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv33);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv40);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv41);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv42);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 4) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv43);
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_4x4(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv02 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv03 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv10 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv11 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv12 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv13 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv20 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv21 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv22 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv23 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv30 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv31 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv32 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv33 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+            V Av2 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 2) + l);
+            V Av3 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 3) + l);
+
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+            Cv02 = madd(Av2, Bv0, Cv02);
+            Cv03 = madd(Av3, Bv0, Cv03);
+
+            V Bv1 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 1) + l);
+            Cv10 = madd(Av0, Bv1, Cv10);
+            Cv11 = madd(Av1, Bv1, Cv11);
+            Cv12 = madd(Av2, Bv1, Cv12);
+            Cv13 = madd(Av3, Bv1, Cv13);
+
+            V Bv2 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 2) + l);
+            Cv20 = madd(Av0, Bv2, Cv20);
+            Cv21 = madd(Av1, Bv2, Cv21);
+            Cv22 = madd(Av2, Bv2, Cv22);
+            Cv23 = madd(Av3, Bv2, Cv23);
+
+            V Bv3 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 3) + l);
+            Cv30 = madd(Av0, Bv3, Cv30);
+            Cv31 = madd(Av1, Bv3, Cv31);
+            Cv32 = madd(Av2, Bv3, Cv32);
+            Cv33 = madd(Av3, Bv3, Cv33);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv02);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv03);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv10);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv11);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv12);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv13);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv20);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv21);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv22);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv23);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv30);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv31);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv32);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 3) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv33);
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_4x3(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv02 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv03 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv10 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv11 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv12 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv13 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv20 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv21 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv22 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv23 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+            V Av2 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 2) + l);
+            V Av3 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 3) + l);
+
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+            Cv02 = madd(Av2, Bv0, Cv02);
+            Cv03 = madd(Av3, Bv0, Cv03);
+
+            V Bv1 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 1) + l);
+            Cv10 = madd(Av0, Bv1, Cv10);
+            Cv11 = madd(Av1, Bv1, Cv11);
+            Cv12 = madd(Av2, Bv1, Cv12);
+            Cv13 = madd(Av3, Bv1, Cv13);
+
+            V Bv2 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 2) + l);
+            Cv20 = madd(Av0, Bv2, Cv20);
+            Cv21 = madd(Av1, Bv2, Cv21);
+            Cv22 = madd(Av2, Bv2, Cv22);
+            Cv23 = madd(Av3, Bv2, Cv23);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv02);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv03);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv10);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv11);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv12);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv13);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv20);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv21);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv22);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 2) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv23);
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_4x2(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv02 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv03 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv10 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv11 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv12 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv13 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+            V Av2 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 2) + l);
+            V Av3 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 3) + l);
+
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+            Cv02 = madd(Av2, Bv0, Cv02);
+            Cv03 = madd(Av3, Bv0, Cv03);
+
+            V Bv1 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 1) + l);
+            Cv10 = madd(Av0, Bv1, Cv10);
+            Cv11 = madd(Av1, Bv1, Cv11);
+            Cv12 = madd(Av2, Bv1, Cv12);
+            Cv13 = madd(Av3, Bv1, Cv13);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv02);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv03);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv10);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv11);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv12);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv13);
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_4x1(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv02 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv03 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+            V Av2 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 2) + l);
+            V Av3 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 3) + l);
+
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+            Cv02 = madd(Av2, Bv0, Cv02);
+            Cv03 = madd(Av3, Bv0, Cv03);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 2)] = hsum(Cv02);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 3)] = hsum(Cv03);
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_2x2(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv10 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv11 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+
+            V Bv1 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 1) + l);
+            Cv10 = madd(Av0, Bv1, Cv10);
+            Cv11 = madd(Av1, Bv1, Cv11);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv10);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 1) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv11);
+    }
+
+    inline void gemm_bloc_2x1(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        size_t vl = vlmax<V>();
+        D Cv00 = set_zero<D>();
+        D Cv01 = set_zero<D>();
+
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += vl) {
+            V Av0 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 0) + l);
+            V Av1 = load<V>(A + lda * (ii + 1) + l);
+
+            V Bv0 = load<V>(B + ldb * (jj + 0) + l);
+            Cv00 = madd(Av0, Bv0, Cv00);
+            Cv01 = madd(Av1, Bv0, Cv01);
+        }
+
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 0)] = hsum(Cv00);
+        C[ldc * (jj + 0) + (ii + 1)] = hsum(Cv01);
+    }
+
+    template <int RM, int RN>
+    inline void gemm_bloc(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        if constexpr (RM == 4) {
+            if constexpr (RN == 6) { return gemm_bloc_4x6(ii, jj); }
+            if constexpr (RN == 5) { return gemm_bloc_4x5(ii, jj); }
+            if constexpr (RN == 4) { return gemm_bloc_4x4(ii, jj); }
+            if constexpr (RN == 3) { return gemm_bloc_4x3(ii, jj); }
+            if constexpr (RN == 2) { return gemm_bloc_4x2(ii, jj); }
+            if constexpr (RN == 1) { return gemm_bloc_4x1(ii, jj); }
+        } else if constexpr (RM == 2) {
+            if constexpr (RN == 2) { return gemm_bloc_2x2(ii, jj); }
+            if constexpr (RN == 1) { return gemm_bloc_2x1(ii, jj); }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <int RM, int RN, int BM>
+    NOINLINE void gemm(int64_t m, int64_t n, int64_t BN) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(m % (RM * BM) == 0);
+        const int64_t ytiles = m / (RM * BM);
+        const int64_t xtiles = (n + RN -1) / RN;
+        const int64_t jj_RN = (xtiles - (xtiles * RN - n));
+
+        // "round" bloc_size to "nearest" BN
+        const int64_t NB_BN = xtiles < BN ? 1 : (xtiles + BN / 2) / BN;
+        const int64_t SIZE_BN = xtiles % NB_BN == 0 ? xtiles / NB_BN : xtiles / NB_BN + 1;
+        const int64_t jj_BN = (NB_BN - (NB_BN * SIZE_BN - xtiles));
+        const int64_t nb_job = ytiles * NB_BN;
+
+        if (params->ith == 0) {
+            GGML_ASSERT( jj_BN * SIZE_BN + (NB_BN - jj_BN) * (SIZE_BN - 1) == xtiles);
+            // Every thread starts at ith, so the first unprocessed chunk is nth.  This save a bit of coordination right at the start.
+            ggml_threadpool_chunk_set(params->threadpool, params->nth);
+        }
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        int64_t job = params->ith;
+        while (job < nb_job) {
+            const int64_t ii = (job % ytiles) * RM * BM;
+            const int64_t jb =  job / ytiles;
+            const int64_t jr0 = BLOC_POS(jb  , jj_BN, SIZE_BN);
+            const int64_t jrN = BLOC_POS(jb+1, jj_BN, SIZE_BN);
+
+            const int64_t jj0 = BLOC_POS(jr0, jj_RN, RN);
+            const int64_t jj2 = BLOC_POS(jrN, jj_RN, RN);
+            const int64_t jj1 = jj2 < jj_RN * RN ? jj2 : jj_RN * RN;
+
+            for (int64_t bi = 0; bi < BM * RM; bi += RM) {
+                int64_t jj = jj0;
+                for (; jj < jj1; jj += RN) {
+                    gemm_bloc<RM, RN>(ii + bi, jj);
+                }
+                if constexpr (RN > 1) {
+                    for (; jj < jj2; jj += RN - 1) {
+                        gemm_bloc<RM, RN-1>(ii + bi, jj);
+                    }
+                }
+                GGML_ASSERT(jj == jj2);
+            }
+
+            job = ggml_threadpool_chunk_add(params->threadpool, 1);
+        }
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_compute_params * params;
+    const TA *const A;
+    const TB *const B;
+    TC *const C;
+    const int64_t k;
+    const int64_t lda;
+    const int64_t ldb;
+    const int64_t ldc;
+};
+#endif
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // QUANT ZERO MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
 
@@ -1085,10 +1798,27 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_AVX {
       } \
    } \
 
+template<typename T>
+struct mma_instr;
+
+template<>
+struct mma_instr<ggml_bf16_t> {
+    static inline void outer_product(acc_t *acc, vec_t a, vec_t b) {
+        __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(acc, a, b);
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct mma_instr<ggml_fp16_t> {
+    static inline void outer_product(acc_t *acc, vec_t a, vec_t b) {
+        __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(acc, a, b);
+    }
+};
+
 template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC>
-class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
+class tinyBLAS_HP16_PPC {
   public:
-    tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC(int64_t k,
+    tinyBLAS_HP16_PPC(int64_t k,
                 const TA *A, int64_t lda,
                 const TB *B, int64_t ldb,
                 TC *C, int64_t ldc,
@@ -1406,8 +2136,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
             packNormal((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 4, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_A);
             packNormal((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B);
             for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+4]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+4]);
             }
         }
         SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
@@ -1423,8 +2153,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
             packNormal((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_A);
             packNormal((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 8, 4, (uint8_t*)vec_B);
             for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x+4], vec_B[x]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_1, vec_A[x+4], vec_B[x]);
             }
         }
         SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
@@ -1443,10 +2173,10 @@ class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
             packNormal(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_A);
             packNormal(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B);
             for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[x], (vec_t)vec_B[x+4]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_2, (vec_t)vec_A[x+4], (vec_t)vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_3, (vec_t)vec_A[x+4], (vec_t)vec_B[x+4]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+4]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_2, vec_A[x+4], vec_B[x]);
+                mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_3, vec_A[x+4], vec_B[x+4]);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1477,7 +2207,7 @@ class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
                 packNormal(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 4, (uint8_t*)vec_A);
                 packNormal(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 4, (uint8_t*)vec_B);
                 for (int x = 0; x<2; x++) {
-                    __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                    mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
                 }
             }
             __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, &acc_0);
@@ -1512,8 +2242,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
                 packNormal(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_A);
                 packNormal(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B);
                 for (int x = 0; x<4; x++) {
-                    __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                    __builtin_mma_xvbf16ger2pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+4]);
+                    mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                    mma_instr<TA>::outer_product(&acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+4]);
                 }
             }
             __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, &acc_0);
@@ -1540,7 +2270,7 @@ class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
           KERNEL_8x4(ii,jj);
        } else {
-          static_assert(false, "RN/RM values not supported");
+          assert(false && "RN/RM values not supported");
        }
     }
 
@@ -1572,67 +2302,300 @@ class tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC {
     const int nth;
 };
 
-template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC>
+template <typename TA>
 class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
   public:
     tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC(int64_t k,
-                const TA *A, int64_t lda,
-                const TB *B, int64_t ldb,
-                TC *C, int64_t ldc,
-                int ith, int nth)
+             const TA * A, int64_t lda,
+             const block_q8_0 * B, int64_t ldb,
+             float * C, int64_t ldc,
+             int ith, int nth)
         : A(A), B(B), C(C), k(k), lda(lda), ldb(ldb), ldc(ldc), ith(ith), nth(nth) {
     }
 
     void matmul(int64_t m, int64_t n) {
-        mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+        const int64_t mc = 64;
+        const int64_t kc = 64;
+        int64_t nc = 64;
+        int64_t n_aligned = 0;
+        if (n % 64 == 0) {
+            n_aligned = n;
+        } else if (n == 4) {
+            n_aligned = 4;
+        } else if (n < 64) {
+            n_aligned = (n / 8) * 8;
+        } else {
+            n_aligned = (n / 64) * 64;
+        }
+
+        if (n_aligned > 0) {
+            if (n_aligned % 64 == 0)      nc = 64;
+            else if (n_aligned == n)      nc = n;
+            else if (n_aligned % 32 == 0) nc = 32;
+            else if (n_aligned % 24 == 0) nc = 24;
+            else if (n_aligned % 16 == 0) nc = 16;
+            else                          nc = 8;
+        }
+        bool can_use_tiled = n_aligned > 0 && (m % mc == 0) && (k % kc == 0);
+        if (can_use_tiled) {
+            matmul_tiled(m, n_aligned, mc, nc, kc);
+            if (n > n_aligned) {
+                mnpack(0, m, n_aligned, n);
+            }
+        } else {
+            mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+        }
     }
 
   private:
+    inline void save_res(int ii, int jj, int idx, vector float * fin_res, int RM = 4, int RN = 4) {
+        for (int I = 0; I < RM; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < RN; J++) {
+                *((float *)(C + ii + ((jj + J) * ldc) + I)) = *((float *)&fin_res[idx + I] + J);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-    template<int RM, int RN>
-    inline void save_res(int ii, int jj, int idx, vector float* fin_res) {
-       for (int I = 0; I < RM; I++) {
-          for (int J = 0; J < RN; J++) {
-             *((float*)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float*)&fin_res[idx+I]+J);
-          }
-       }
+    inline void save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                *((float *)(C + ii + ((jj + J) * ldc) + I)) = *((float *)&vec_C[I] + J);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    template<int size>
-    inline void compute(acc_t* ACC, int c_idx, int s_idx, std::array<int, size>& comparray, vector float* vs, vector float* fin_res) {
-       vector signed int vec_C[4];
-       vector float CA[4] = {0};
-       vector float res[4] = {0};
-       __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
-       for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-          CA[i] = vec_splats((float)(((double)comparray[c_idx+i]) * -128.0));
-          res[i] = vec_add(vec_ctf(vec_C[i], 0), CA[i]);
-          fin_res[s_idx+i] = vec_madd(res[i], vs[s_idx+i], fin_res[s_idx+i]);
-       }
+    inline void add_save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                float * c_ptr = (float *)(C + ii+ ((jj + J) * ldc) + I);
+                *c_ptr += *((float *)&vec_C[I] + J);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    template<typename VA, typename VB, int size>
-    void packNormalInt4(const TA* a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, VA* vec, std::array<int, size>& comparray) {
-        int64_t i, j;
-        TA *aoffset = NULL;
-        VA *vecOffset = NULL;
-        TA *aoffset1 = NULL, *aoffset2 = NULL, *aoffset3 = NULL, *aoffset4 = NULL;
-        TA *aoffset5 = NULL, *aoffset6 = NULL, *aoffset7 = NULL, *aoffset8 = NULL;
-        VB c1[2] = {0}, c2[2] = {0}, c3[2] = {0}, c4[2] = {0};
-        VB c5[2] = {0}, c6[2] = {0}, c7[2] = {0}, c8[2] = {0};
-        VB t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+    template<typename ArrayType>
+    inline void compute(acc_t * ACC, int c_idx, int s_idx, ArrayType & comparray, vector float * vs, vector float * fin_res) {
+        vector signed int vec_C[4];
+        vector float CA[4] = {0};
+        vector float res[4] = {0};
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            CA[i] = vec_splats((float)(((double)comparray[c_idx + i]) * -128.0));
+            res[i] = vec_add(vec_ctf(vec_C[i], 0), CA[i]);
+            fin_res[s_idx + i] = vec_madd(res[i], vs[s_idx + i], fin_res[s_idx + i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void process_q4_elements(vector signed char (&c)[2], int * ca) {
         const vector signed char lowMask = vec_splats((signed char)0xF);
         const vector unsigned char v4 = vec_splats((unsigned char)0x4);
         const vector signed char v8 = vec_splats((signed char)0x8);
-        aoffset = const_cast<TA*>(a);
-        vecOffset = vec;
+        vector signed int vsum = {0};
+        vector signed int vsum2 = {0};
+        c[0] = vec_and(c[1], lowMask);
+        c[1] = vec_sr(c[1], v4);
+        c[0] = vec_sub(c[0], v8);
+        c[1] = vec_sub(c[1], v8);
+        vsum = vec_sum4s(c[0], vsum);
+        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c[1], vsum2);
+        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
+        *(ca) = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
+    }
+
+    template <typename V1, typename V2>
+    inline void vector_permute_store(V2 & s1, V2 & s2, V2 & s3, V2 & s4, V1 * vecOffset, bool flip) {
         vector unsigned char swiz1 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
         vector unsigned char swiz2 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
         vector unsigned char swiz3 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27};
         vector unsigned char swiz4 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31};
-        vector signed int vsum = {0};
-        vector signed int vsum2 = {0};
+        V2 t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+        vector unsigned char xor_vector;
+        uint8_t flip_vec = 0x80;
+        xor_vector = vec_splats(flip_vec);
+        t1 = vec_perm(s1, s2, swiz1);
+        t2 = vec_perm(s1, s2, swiz2);
+        t3 = vec_perm(s3, s4, swiz1);
+        t4 = vec_perm(s3, s4, swiz2);
+        t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
+        t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
+        t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
+        t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
+        if (flip == true) {
+            t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
+            t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
+            t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
+            t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+        }
+        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 16);
+        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 32);
+        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 48);
+    }
+
+    inline void unpack_q4_to_q8(vector signed char packed, vector signed char & lo, vector signed char & hi) {
+        const vector signed char lowMask = vec_splats((signed char)0x0F);
+        const vector signed char v8      = vec_splats((signed char)0x08);
+        const vector unsigned char v4    = vec_splats((unsigned char)4);
+        lo = vec_and(packed, lowMask);
+        hi = vec_sr(packed, v4);
+        lo = vec_sub(lo, v8);
+        hi = vec_sub(hi, v8);
+    }
+
+    inline void vector_permute_store_fp16(vec_t * c, unsigned char * vecOffset) {
+        vec_t t[8], s[8];
+        vec_t swiz1 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 16, 17, 18, 19, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 22, 23};
+        vec_t swiz2 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 24, 25, 26, 27, 12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+        vec_t swiz3 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
+        vec_t swiz4 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i += 2) {
+            t[i + 0] = vec_perm(c[i + 0], c[i + 1], swiz1);
+            t[i + 1] = vec_perm(c[i + 0], c[i + 1], swiz2);
+        }
+        for (int i = 4; i < 8; i += 2) {
+            t[i + 0] = vec_perm(c[i + 0], c[i + 1], swiz1);
+            t[i + 1] = vec_perm(c[i + 0], c[i + 1], swiz2);
+        }
+        s[0] = vec_perm(t[0], t[2], swiz3);
+        s[1] = vec_perm(t[0], t[2], swiz4);
+        s[2] = vec_perm(t[1], t[3], swiz3);
+        s[3] = vec_perm(t[1], t[3], swiz4);
+        s[4] = vec_perm(t[4], t[6], swiz3);
+        s[5] = vec_perm(t[4], t[6], swiz4);
+        s[6] = vec_perm(t[5], t[7], swiz3);
+        s[7] = vec_perm(t[5], t[7], swiz4);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+            vec_xst(s[i], 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + i * 16));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static inline void convert_and_scale_q8(vector signed char raw, vector float v_scale, vector unsigned short & out_hi, vector unsigned short & out_lo) {
+        vector signed short i16_hi = vec_unpackh(raw);
+        vector signed short i16_lo = vec_unpackl(raw);
+
+        vector float f_hi_h = vec_ctf(vec_unpackh(i16_hi), 0);
+        vector float f_hi_l = vec_ctf(vec_unpackl(i16_hi), 0);
+        vector float f_lo_h = vec_ctf(vec_unpackh(i16_lo), 0);
+        vector float f_lo_l = vec_ctf(vec_unpackl(i16_lo), 0);
+        out_hi = vec_pack_to_short_fp32(vec_mul(f_hi_h, v_scale), vec_mul(f_hi_l, v_scale));
+        out_lo = vec_pack_to_short_fp32(vec_mul(f_lo_h, v_scale), vec_mul(f_lo_l, v_scale));
+    }
+
+    void packNormal_q4_fp16(const block_q4_0 * a, int64_t lda, int rows, int blocks, unsigned char * vec) {
+        unsigned char * vecOffset = vec;
+        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i += 8) {
+            const block_q4_0 * rows_base[8];
+            for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) {
+                rows_base[r] = a + (i + r) * lda;
+            }
+            for (int blk = 0; blk < blocks; blk++) {
+                vector unsigned short hp_res[8][4];
+                for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) {
+                    const block_q4_0 * current_blk = rows_base[r] + blk;
+                    vector float v_scale = vec_extract_fp32_from_shorth(vec_splats(current_blk->d));
+                    vector signed char v_qs = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)current_blk->qs);
+                    vector signed char c1, c2;
+                    unpack_q4_to_q8(v_qs, c1, c2);
+                    convert_and_scale_q8(c1, v_scale, hp_res[r][0], hp_res[r][1]);
+                    convert_and_scale_q8(c2, v_scale, hp_res[r][2], hp_res[r][3]);
+                }
+                for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
+                    vector unsigned char c_arr[8];
+                    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) {
+                        c_arr[r] = (vector unsigned char)hp_res[r][c];
+                    }
+                    vector_permute_store_fp16((vec_t *)c_arr, vecOffset);
+                    vecOffset += 128;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <int chunk_size>
+    static inline void pack_q8_block(const block_q8_0 * a, int64_t lda, int rows, int blocks, unsigned char * vec) {
+        unsigned char * vecOffset = vec;
+        const vec_t swiz1 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 16, 17, 18, 19, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 22, 23};
+        const vec_t swiz2 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 24, 25, 26, 27, 12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+        const vec_t swiz3 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
+        const vec_t swiz4 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i += chunk_size) {
+            const block_q8_0 * rows_base[chunk_size];
+            for (int r = 0; r < chunk_size; r++) {
+                rows_base[r] = a + (i + r) * lda;
+            }
+            for (int blk = 0; blk < blocks; blk++) {
+                vector unsigned short hp_res[chunk_size][4];
+                for (int r = 0; r < chunk_size; r++) {
+                    const block_q8_0 * b = rows_base[r] + blk;
+                    vector float v_scale = vec_extract_fp32_from_shorth(vec_splats(b->d));
+                    vector signed char c[2];
+                    __vector_pair pair = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair *)b->qs);
+                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c, & pair);
+                    convert_and_scale_q8(c[0], v_scale, hp_res[r][0], hp_res[r][1]);
+                    convert_and_scale_q8(c[1], v_scale, hp_res[r][2], hp_res[r][3]);
+                }
+                for (int col = 0; col < 4; col++) {
+                    if constexpr (chunk_size == 8) {
+                        vec_t t[8];
+                        t[0] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[0][col], (vec_t)hp_res[1][col], swiz1);
+                        t[1] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[0][col], (vec_t)hp_res[1][col], swiz2);
+                        t[2] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[2][col], (vec_t)hp_res[3][col], swiz1);
+                        t[3] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[2][col], (vec_t)hp_res[3][col], swiz2);
+                        t[4] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[4][col], (vec_t)hp_res[5][col], swiz1);
+                        t[5] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[4][col], (vec_t)hp_res[5][col], swiz2);
+                        t[6] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[6][col], (vec_t)hp_res[7][col], swiz1);
+                        t[7] = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[6][col], (vec_t)hp_res[7][col], swiz2);
+
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[0], t[2], swiz3), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 0));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[0], t[2], swiz4), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 16));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[1], t[3], swiz3), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 32));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[1], t[3], swiz4), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 48));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[4], t[6], swiz3), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 64));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[4], t[6], swiz4), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 80));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[5], t[7], swiz3), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 96));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t[5], t[7], swiz4), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 112));
+                        vecOffset += 128;
+                    } else {
+                        vec_t t0 = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[0][col], (vec_t)hp_res[1][col], swiz1);
+                        vec_t t1 = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[0][col], (vec_t)hp_res[1][col], swiz2);
+                        vec_t t2 = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[2][col], (vec_t)hp_res[3][col], swiz1);
+                        vec_t t3 = vec_perm((vec_t)hp_res[2][col], (vec_t)hp_res[3][col], swiz2);
+
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t0, t2, swiz3), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 0));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t0, t2, swiz4), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 16));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 32));
+                        vec_xst(vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4), 0, (vec_t *)(vecOffset + 48));
+                        vecOffset += 64;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
+    void packNormal_q8_fp16(const block_q8_0 * a, int64_t lda, int rows, int blocks, unsigned char * vec) {
+        if (rows == 4) {
+            pack_q8_block<4>(a, lda, rows, blocks, vec);
+        } else {
+            pack_q8_block<8>(a, lda, rows, blocks, vec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<int size>
+    void packNormalInt4(const TA * a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, int8_t * vec, std::array<int, size> & comparray) {
+        int64_t i, j;
+        TA * aoffset = NULL;
+        int8_t * vecOffset = NULL;
+        TA * aoffset1 = NULL, * aoffset2 = NULL, * aoffset3 = NULL, * aoffset4 = NULL;
+        TA * aoffset5 = NULL, * aoffset6 = NULL, * aoffset7 = NULL, * aoffset8 = NULL;
+        vector signed char c1[2] = {0}, c2[2] = {0}, c3[2] = {0}, c4[2] = {0};
+        vector signed char c5[2] = {0}, c6[2] = {0}, c7[2] = {0}, c8[2] = {0};
+        aoffset = const_cast<TA *>(a);
+        vecOffset = vec;
         j = (rows >> 3);
         if (j > 0) {
             do {
@@ -1645,159 +2608,30 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
                 aoffset7 = aoffset6 + lda;
                 aoffset8 = aoffset7 + lda;
                 aoffset += 8 * lda;
-
                 i = (cols >> 2);
                 if (i > 0) {
                     do {
-                        c1[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset1->qs));
-                        c2[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset2->qs));
-                        c3[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset3->qs));
-                        c4[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset4->qs));
-                        c5[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset5->qs));
-                        c6[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset6->qs));
-                        c7[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset7->qs));
-                        c8[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset8->qs));
-
-                        c1[0] = vec_and(c1[1], lowMask);
-                        c1[1] = vec_sr(c1[1], v4);
-                        c1[0] = vec_sub(c1[0], v8);
-                        c1[1] = vec_sub(c1[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c1[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c1[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[0] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        c2[0] = vec_and(c2[1], lowMask);
-                        c2[1] = vec_sr(c2[1], v4);
-                        c2[0] = vec_sub(c2[0], v8);
-                        c2[1] = vec_sub(c2[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c2[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c2[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[1] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        c3[0] = vec_and(c3[1], lowMask);
-                        c3[1] = vec_sr(c3[1], v4);
-                        c3[0] = vec_sub(c3[0], v8);
-                        c3[1] = vec_sub(c3[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c3[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c3[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[2] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        c4[0] = vec_and(c4[1], lowMask);
-                        c4[1] = vec_sr(c4[1], v4);
-                        c4[0] = vec_sub(c4[0], v8);
-                        c4[1] = vec_sub(c4[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c4[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c4[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[3] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        c5[0] = vec_and(c5[1], lowMask);
-                        c5[1] = vec_sr(c5[1], v4);
-                        c5[0] = vec_sub(c5[0], v8);
-                        c5[1] = vec_sub(c5[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c5[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c5[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[4] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        c6[0] = vec_and(c6[1], lowMask);
-                        c6[1] = vec_sr(c6[1], v4);
-                        c6[0] = vec_sub(c6[0], v8);
-                        c6[1] = vec_sub(c6[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c6[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c6[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[5] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        c7[0] = vec_and(c7[1], lowMask);
-                        c7[1] = vec_sr(c7[1], v4);
-                        c7[0] = vec_sub(c7[0], v8);
-                        c7[1] = vec_sub(c7[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c7[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c7[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[6] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        c8[0] = vec_and(c8[1], lowMask);
-                        c8[1] = vec_sr(c8[1], v4);
-                        c8[0] = vec_sub(c8[0], v8);
-                        c8[1] = vec_sub(c8[1], v8);
-                        vsum = vec_sum4s(c8[0], vsum);
-                        vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c8[1], vsum2);
-                        vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                        comparray[7] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                        vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                        vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                        t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
-                        t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
-                        t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
-                        t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
-                        t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                        t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                        t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                        t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
-
-                        t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
-                        t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
-                        t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
-                        t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
-                        t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                        t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                        t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                        t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
-
-                        t1 = vec_perm(c5[0], c6[0], swiz1);
-                        t2 = vec_perm(c5[0], c6[0], swiz2);
-                        t3 = vec_perm(c7[0], c8[0], swiz1);
-                        t4 = vec_perm(c7[0], c8[0], swiz2);
-                        t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                        t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                        t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                        t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+128);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+144);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+160);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+176);
-
-                        t1 = vec_perm(c5[1], c6[1], swiz1);
-                        t2 = vec_perm(c5[1], c6[1], swiz2);
-                        t3 = vec_perm(c7[1], c8[1], swiz1);
-                        t4 = vec_perm(c7[1], c8[1], swiz2);
-                        t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                        t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                        t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                        t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+192);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+208);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+224);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+240);
-
+                        c1[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset1->qs);
+                        c2[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset2->qs);
+                        c3[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset3->qs);
+                        c4[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset4->qs);
+                        c5[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset5->qs);
+                        c6[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset6->qs);
+                        c7[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset7->qs);
+                        c8[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset8->qs);
+
+                        process_q4_elements(c1, & comparray[0]);
+                        process_q4_elements(c2, & comparray[1]);
+                        process_q4_elements(c3, & comparray[2]);
+                        process_q4_elements(c4, & comparray[3]);
+                        process_q4_elements(c5, & comparray[4]);
+                        process_q4_elements(c6, & comparray[5]);
+                        process_q4_elements(c7, & comparray[6]);
+                        process_q4_elements(c8, & comparray[7]);
+                        vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c1[0], c2[0], c3[0], c4[0], vecOffset, false);
+                        vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c1[1], c2[1], c3[1], c4[1], vecOffset + 64, false);
+                        vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c5[0], c6[0], c7[0], c8[0], vecOffset + 128, false);
+                        vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c5[1], c6[1], c7[1], c8[1], vecOffset + 192, false);
                         aoffset1 += lda;
                         aoffset2 += lda;
                         aoffset3 += lda;
@@ -1820,85 +2654,20 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
             aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
             aoffset4 = aoffset3 + lda;
             aoffset += 4 * lda;
-
             i = (cols >> 2);
             if (i > 0) {
                 do {
-                    c1[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset1->qs));
-                    c2[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset2->qs));
-                    c3[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset3->qs));
-                    c4[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset4->qs));
-
-                    c1[0] = vec_and(c1[1], lowMask);
-                    c1[1] = vec_sr(c1[1], v4);
-                    c1[0] = vec_sub(c1[0], v8);
-                    c1[1] = vec_sub(c1[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c1[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c1[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[0] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                    c2[0] = vec_and(c2[1], lowMask);
-                    c2[1] = vec_sr(c2[1], v4);
-                    c2[0] = vec_sub(c2[0], v8);
-                    c2[1] = vec_sub(c2[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c2[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c2[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[1] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                    c3[0] = vec_and(c3[1], lowMask);
-                    c3[1] = vec_sr(c3[1], v4);
-                    c3[0] = vec_sub(c3[0], v8);
-                    c3[1] = vec_sub(c3[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c3[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c3[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[2] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                    c4[0] = vec_and(c4[1], lowMask);
-                    c4[1] = vec_sr(c4[1], v4);
-                    c4[0] = vec_sub(c4[0], v8);
-                    c4[1] = vec_sub(c4[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c4[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c4[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[3] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats( 0);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
-
+                    c1[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset1->qs);
+                    c2[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset2->qs);
+                    c3[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset3->qs);
+                    c4[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset4->qs);
+
+                    process_q4_elements(c1, & comparray[0]);
+                    process_q4_elements(c2, & comparray[1]);
+                    process_q4_elements(c3, & comparray[2]);
+                    process_q4_elements(c4, & comparray[3]);
+                    vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c1[0], c2[0], c3[0], c4[0], vecOffset, false);
+                    vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c1[1], c2[1], c3[1], c4[1], vecOffset + 64, false);
                     aoffset1 += lda;
                     aoffset2 += lda;
                     aoffset3 += lda;
@@ -1917,80 +2686,17 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
             if (i > 0) {
                 do {
                     switch(rows) {
-                        case 3: c3[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset3->qs));
-                        case 2: c2[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset2->qs));
-                        case 1: c1[1] = reinterpret_cast<VB>(vec_xl(0, aoffset1->qs));
+                        case 3: c3[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset3->qs);
+                        case 2: c2[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset2->qs);
+                        case 1: c1[1] = vec_xl(0, (const vector signed char *)aoffset1->qs);
                             break;
                     }
-                    c1[0] = vec_and(c1[1], lowMask);
-                    c1[1] = vec_sr(c1[1], v4);
-                    c1[0] = vec_sub(c1[0], v8);
-                    c1[1] = vec_sub(c1[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c1[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c1[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[0] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                    c2[0] = vec_and(c2[1], lowMask);
-                    c2[1] = vec_sr(c2[1], v4);
-                    c2[0] = vec_sub(c2[0], v8);
-                    c2[1] = vec_sub(c2[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c2[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c2[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[1] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                    c3[0] = vec_and(c3[1], lowMask);
-                    c3[1] = vec_sr(c3[1], v4);
-                    c3[0] = vec_sub(c3[0], v8);
-                    c3[1] = vec_sub(c3[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c3[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c3[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[2] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                    c4[0] = vec_and(c4[1], lowMask);
-                    c4[1] = vec_sr(c4[1], v4);
-                    c4[0] = vec_sub(c4[0], v8);
-                    c4[1] = vec_sub(c4[1], v8);
-                    vsum = vec_sum4s(c4[0], vsum);
-                    vsum2 = vec_sum4s(c4[1], vsum2);
-                    vsum = vec_add(vsum, vsum2);
-                    comparray[3] = vsum[0] + vsum[1] + vsum[2] + vsum[3];
-                    vsum = vec_splats(0);
-                    vsum2 = vec_splats(0);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
+                    process_q4_elements(c1, & comparray[0]);
+                    process_q4_elements(c2, & comparray[1]);
+                    process_q4_elements(c3, & comparray[2]);
+                    process_q4_elements(c4, & comparray[3]);
+                    vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c1[0], c2[0], c3[0], c4[0], vecOffset, false);
+                    vector_permute_store<int8_t, vector signed char>(c1[1], c2[1], c3[1], c4[1], vecOffset + 64, false);
                     aoffset1 += lda;
                     aoffset2 += lda;
                     aoffset3 += lda;
@@ -2002,144 +2708,39 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
     }
 
     template<typename VA, typename VB>
-    void packNormal(const TB* a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, VA* vec, bool flip) {
+    void packNormal(const block_q8_0 * a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, VA * vec, bool flip) {
         int64_t i, j;
-        TB *aoffset = NULL;
-        VA *vecOffset = NULL;
-        TB *aoffset1 = NULL, *aoffset2 = NULL, *aoffset3 = NULL, *aoffset4 = NULL;
-        TB *aoffset5 = NULL, *aoffset6 = NULL, *aoffset7 = NULL, *aoffset8 = NULL;
-        __vector_pair C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8;
-        VB c1[2] = {0}, c2[2] = {0}, c3[2] = {0}, c4[2]={0};
-        VB c5[2] = {0}, c6[2] = {0}, c7[2] = {0}, c8[2]={0};
-        VB t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
-        vector unsigned char xor_vector;
-        uint8_t flip_vec = 0x80;
-        xor_vector = vec_splats(flip_vec);
-        vector unsigned char swiz1 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23};
-        vector unsigned char swiz2 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31};
-        vector unsigned char swiz3 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27};
-        vector unsigned char swiz4 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31};
-
-        aoffset = const_cast<TB*>(a);
+        block_q8_0 * aoffset = NULL;
+        VA * vecOffset = NULL;
+        block_q8_0 * aoffsets[8];
+        __vector_pair arr[8];
+        VB c[8][2] = {0};
+        VB c1[8] = {0}; VB c2[8] = {0};
+        aoffset = const_cast<block_q8_0 *>(a);
         vecOffset = vec;
         j = (rows >> 3);
         if (j > 0) {
             do {
-                aoffset1 = aoffset;
-                aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
-                aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
-                aoffset4 = aoffset3 + lda;
-                aoffset5 = aoffset4 + lda;
-                aoffset6 = aoffset5 + lda;
-                aoffset7 = aoffset6 + lda;
-                aoffset8 = aoffset7 + lda;
+                aoffsets[0] = aoffset;
+                for (int it = 1; it < 8; it++)
+                    aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it - 1] + lda;
                 aoffset += 8 * lda;
 
                 i = (cols >> 3);
                 if (i > 0) {
                 do {
-                    C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1->qs);
-                    C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2->qs);
-                    C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3->qs);
-                    C4 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset4->qs);
-                    C5 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset5->qs);
-                    C6 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset6->qs);
-                    C7 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset7->qs);
-                    C8 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset8->qs);
-
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c4, &C4);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c5, &C5);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c6, &C6);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c7, &C7);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c8, &C8);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                        t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                        t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                        t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                        t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 8; it++) {
+                        arr[it] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair *)aoffsets[it]->qs);
+                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[it], & arr[it]);
+                        c1[it] = c[it][0];
+                        c2[it] = c[it][1];
                     }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                        t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                        t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                        t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                        t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
-                    }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c5[0], c6[0], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c5[0], c6[0], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c7[0], c8[0], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c7[0], c8[0], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                        t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                        t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                        t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                        t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
-                    }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+128);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+144);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+160);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+176);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c5[1], c6[1], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c5[1], c6[1], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c7[1], c8[1], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c7[1], c8[1], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                        t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                        t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                        t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                        t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
-                    }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+192);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+208);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+224);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+240);
-
-                    aoffset1 += lda;
-                    aoffset2 += lda;
-                    aoffset3 += lda;
-                    aoffset4 += lda;
-                    aoffset5 += lda;
-                    aoffset6 += lda;
-                    aoffset7 += lda;
-                    aoffset8 += lda;
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c1[0], c1[1], c1[2], c1[3], vecOffset, flip);
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c2[0], c2[1], c2[2], c2[3], vecOffset + 64, flip);
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c1[4], c1[5], c1[6], c1[7], vecOffset + 128, flip);
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c2[4], c2[5], c2[6], c2[7], vecOffset + 192, flip);
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 8; it++)
+                        aoffsets[it] += lda;
                     vecOffset += 256;
                     i--;
                } while(i > 0);
@@ -2147,131 +2748,54 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
             j--;
         } while(j > 0);
     }
-
     if (rows & 4) {
-        aoffset1 = aoffset;
-        aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
-        aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
-        aoffset4 = aoffset3 + lda;
-        aoffset += 4 * lda;
-
+            aoffsets[0]  = aoffset;
+            for (int it = 1; it < 4; it++ )
+                aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it-1] + lda;
+            aoffset += 4 * lda;
         i = (cols >> 3);
             if (i > 0) {
                do {
-                    C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1->qs);
-                    C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2->qs);
-                    C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3->qs);
-                    C4 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset4->qs);
-
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c4, &C4);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++) {
+                        arr[it] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair *)aoffsets[it]->qs);
+                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[it], & arr[it]);
+                        c1[it] = c[it][0];
+                        c2[it] = c[it][1];
                     }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c1[0], c1[1], c1[2], c1[3], vecOffset, flip);
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c2[0], c2[1], c2[2], c2[3], vecOffset + 64, flip);
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++) {
+                        aoffsets[it] += lda;
                     }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
-
-                    aoffset1 += lda;
-                    aoffset2 += lda;
-                    aoffset3 += lda;
-                    aoffset4 += lda;
                     vecOffset += 128;
                     i--;
                } while(i > 0);
             }
         }
+
         if (rows & 3) {
-            aoffset1 = aoffset;
-            aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
-            aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
+            aoffsets[0]  = aoffset;
+            for (int it = 1; it < 3; it++ )
+                aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it - 1] + lda;
             i = (cols >> 3);
             if (i > 0) {
                 do {
                     switch(rows) {
-                        case 3: C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3->qs);
-                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
-                        case 2: C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2->qs);
-                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
-                        case 1: C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1->qs);
-                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
+                        case 3: arr[2] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair *)aoffsets[2]->qs);
+                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[2], & arr[2]);
+                                c1[2] = c[2][0]; c2[2] = c[2][1];
+                        case 2: arr[1] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair *)aoffsets[1]->qs);
+                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[1], & arr[1]);
+                                c1[1] = c[1][0]; c2[1] = c[1][1];
+                        case 1: arr[0] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair *)aoffsets[0]->qs);
+                                __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[0], & arr[0]);
+                                c1[0] = c[0][0]; c2[0] = c[0][1];
                                 break;
                     }
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[0], c2[0], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[0], c4[0], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
-                    }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+16);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+32);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+48);
-
-                    t1 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz1);
-                    t2 = vec_perm(c1[1], c2[1], swiz2);
-                    t3 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz1);
-                    t4 = vec_perm(c3[1], c4[1], swiz2);
-                    t5 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz3);
-                    t6 = vec_perm(t1, t3, swiz4);
-                    t7 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz3);
-                    t8 = vec_perm(t2, t4, swiz4);
-                    if (flip == true) {
-                       t5 = vec_xor(t5, xor_vector);
-                       t6 = vec_xor(t6, xor_vector);
-                       t7 = vec_xor(t7, xor_vector);
-                       t8 = vec_xor(t8, xor_vector);
-                    }
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset+64);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset+80);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset+96);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset+112);
-
-                    aoffset1 += lda;
-                    aoffset2 += lda;
-                    aoffset3 += lda;
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c1[0], c1[1], c1[2], c1[3], vecOffset, flip);
+                    vector_permute_store<VA, VB>(c2[0], c2[1], c2[2], c2[3], vecOffset + 64, flip);
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 3; it++)
+                         aoffsets[it] += lda;
                     vecOffset += 128;
                     i--;
                } while(i > 0);
@@ -2280,159 +2804,42 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
     }
 
     void mnpack(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
-        int64_t mc, nc, mp, np;
-        int m_rem = MIN(m - m0, 8);
-        int n_rem = MIN(n - n0, 8);
-        // TO-DO: KERNEL_16x8 and KERNEL_8x16 are having some performance
-        // issues. After resolving them, below code will be enabled.
-        /*if (m_rem >= 16 && n_rem >= 8) {
-            mc = 16;
-            nc = 8;
-            gemm<16,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
-        } else if(m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 16) {
-            mc = 8;
-            nc = 16;
-            gemm<8,16>(m0, m, n0, n);
-        }*/
+        int m_rem = MIN(m - m0, 16);
+        int n_rem = MIN(n - n0, 16);
+
+        int mc = 0, nc = 0;
+
         if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 8) {
-            mc = 8;
-            nc = 8;
-            gemm<8,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+           mc = 8;
+           nc = 8;
+           gemm<8, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 8) {
             mc = 4;
             nc = 8;
-            gemm<4,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            gemm<4, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 4) {
             mc = 8;
             nc = 4;
-            gemm<8,4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            gemm<8, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 4) {
             mc = 4;
             nc = 4;
-            gemm_small<4, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-        } else if ((m_rem < 4) && (n_rem > 4)) {
-            nc = 4;
-            switch(m_rem) {
-                case 1:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    gemm_small<1, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 2:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    gemm_small<2, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 3:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    gemm_small<3, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return;
-            }
-        } else if ((m_rem > 4) && (n_rem < 4)) {
-            mc = 4;
-            switch(n_rem) {
-                case 1:
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small<4, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 2:
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small<4, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 3:
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small<4, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return;
-            }
+            gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
         } else {
-            switch((m_rem << 4) | n_rem) {
-                case 0x43:
-                    mc = 4;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small<4, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x42:
-                    mc = 4;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small<4, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x41:
-                    mc = 4;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small<4, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x34:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 4;
-                    gemm_small<3, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x33:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small<3, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x32:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small<3, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x31:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small<3, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x24:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 4;
-                    gemm_small<2, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x23:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small<2, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x22:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small<2, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x21:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small<2, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x14:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 4;
-                    gemm_small<1, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x13:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small<1, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x12:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small<1, 2>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                case 0x11:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small<1, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return;
-            }
+            mc = (m_rem >= 4) ? 4 : m_rem;
+            nc = (n_rem >= 4) ? 4 : n_rem;
+            if (mc == 0 || nc == 0)
+               return;
+            gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
         }
-        mp = m0 + (m - m0) / mc * mc;
-        np = n0 + (n - n0) / nc * nc;
+
+        int64_t mp = m0 + ((m - m0) / mc) * mc;
+        int64_t np = n0 + ((n - n0) / nc) * nc;
         mnpack(mp, m, n0, np);
         mnpack(m0, m, np, n);
     }
 
+
     void KERNEL_4x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
         vec_t vec_A[8], vec_B[16] = {0};
         acc_t acc_0, acc_1;
@@ -2441,26 +2848,26 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
         vector float vs[8] = {0};
         bool isAblock_q4 = std::is_same_v<TA, block_q4_0>;
         for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_0);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_1);
             if (std::is_same_v<TA, block_q4_0>) {
-               packNormalInt4<int8_t, vector signed char, 4>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 4, 4, (int8_t*)vec_A, comparray);
+               packNormalInt4<4>((A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, 4, 4, (int8_t *)vec_A, comparray);
             } else {
-               packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const TB*)(A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 4, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+               packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const block_q8_0 *)(A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, 4, 8, (int8_t *)vec_A, false);
             }
-            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
+            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B + (jj * ldb) + l), ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t *)vec_B, true);
             for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+8]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_1, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+8]);
             }
             for (int I = 0; I<4; I++) {
                 for (int J = 0; J<4; J++) {
-                    *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
-                    *((float*)&vs[I+4]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J+4)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                    *((float *)& vs[I] + J) = (unhalf((A + ((ii + I) * lda) + l)->d) * unhalf((B + ((jj + J) * ldb) + l)->d));
+                    *((float *)& vs[I + 4] + J) = (unhalf((A +((ii + I) * lda) + l)->d) * unhalf((B + ((jj + J + 4) * ldb) + l)->d));
                 }
             }
             if (!isAblock_q4) {
-                auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+                auto aoffset = A + (ii * lda) + l;
                 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                     comparray[i] = 0;
                     int ca = 0;
@@ -2471,11 +2878,11 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
                     aoffset += lda;
                 }
             }
-            compute<4>(&acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
-            compute<4>(&acc_1, 0, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_1, 0, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
         }
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj+4, 4, fin_res);
+        save_res(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
+        save_res(ii, jj + 4, 4, fin_res);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x4(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2486,25 +2893,25 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
         vector float vs[8] = {0};
         bool isAblock_q4 = std::is_same_v<TA, block_q4_0>;
         for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_0);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_1);
             if (std::is_same_v<TA, block_q4_0>) {
-               packNormalInt4<int8_t, vector signed char, 8>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 8, 4, (int8_t*)vec_A, comparray);
+               packNormalInt4<8>((A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, 8, 4, (int8_t *)vec_A, comparray);
             } else {
-               packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const TB*)(A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 8, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+               packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const block_q8_0 *)(A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, 8, 8, (int8_t *)vec_A, false);
             }
-            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 4, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
+            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B + (jj * ldb) + l), ldb, 4, 8, (uint8_t *)vec_B, true);
             for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x+8], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_1, vec_A[x + 8], vec_B[x]);
             }
-            for (int I = 0; I<8; I++) {
-                for (int J = 0; J<4; J++) {
-                    *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
+            for (int I = 0; I < 8; I++) {
+                for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                    *((float *)&vs[I] + J) = (unhalf((A + ((ii + I) * lda) + l)->d) * unhalf((B + ((jj + J) * ldb) + l)->d));
                 }
             }
             if (!isAblock_q4) {
-                auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+                auto aoffset = A + (ii * lda) + l;
                 for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                     comparray[i] = 0;
                     int ca = 0;
@@ -2515,45 +2922,46 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
                     aoffset += lda;
                 }
             }
-            compute<8>(&acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
-            compute<8>(&acc_1, 4, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_1, 4, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
         }
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii+4, jj, 4, fin_res);
+        save_res(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
+        save_res(ii + 4, jj, 4, fin_res);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
         vec_t vec_A[16], vec_B[16] = {0};
         acc_t acc_0, acc_1, acc_2, acc_3;
+        acc_t acc_4, acc_5, acc_6, acc_7;
         std::array<int, 8> comparray {};
         vector float fin_res[16] = {0};
         vector float vs[16] = {0};
         bool isAblock_q4 = std::is_same_v<TA, block_q4_0>;
         for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_2);
-            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_3);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_0);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_1);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_2);
+            __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_3);
             if (std::is_same_v<TA, block_q4_0>) {
-               packNormalInt4<int8_t, vector signed char, 8>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 8, 4, (int8_t*)vec_A, comparray);
+               packNormalInt4<8>((A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, 8, 4, (int8_t *)vec_A, comparray);
             } else {
-               packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const TB*)(A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, 8, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+               packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const block_q8_0 *)(A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, 8, 8, (int8_t *)vec_A, false);
             }
-            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
+            packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B + (jj * ldb) + l), ldb, 8, 8, (uint8_t *)vec_B, true);
             for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_1, vec_A[x+8], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_2, vec_A[x], vec_B[x+8]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_3, vec_A[x+8], vec_B[x+8]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_1, vec_A[x + 8], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_2, vec_A[x], vec_B[x + 8]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_3, vec_A[x + 8], vec_B[x + 8]);
             }
-            for (int I = 0; I<8; I++) {
-                for (int J = 0; J<4; J++) {
-                    *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
-                    *((float*)&vs[I+8]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J+4)*ldb)+l)->d));
+            for (int I = 0; I < 8 ; I++) {
+                for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                    *((float *)& vs[I] + J) = (unhalf((A + ((ii + I) * lda) + l)->d) * unhalf((B + ((jj + J) * ldb) + l)->d));
+                    *((float *)& vs[I + 8] + J) = (unhalf((A + ((ii + I) * lda) + l)->d) * unhalf((B + ((jj + J + 4) * ldb) + l)->d));
                 }
             }
             if (!isAblock_q4) {
-                auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+                auto aoffset = A + (ii * lda) + l;
                 for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                     comparray[i] = 0;
                     int ca = 0;
@@ -2564,19 +2972,99 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
                     aoffset += lda;
                 }
             }
-            compute<8>(&acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
-            compute<8>(&acc_1, 4, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
-            compute<8>(&acc_2, 0, 8, comparray, vs, fin_res);
-            compute<8>(&acc_3, 4, 12, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_0, 0, 0, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_1, 4, 4, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_2, 0, 8, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+            compute(& acc_3, 4, 12, comparray, vs, fin_res);
+        }
+        save_res(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
+        save_res(ii + 4, jj, 4, fin_res);
+        save_res(ii, jj + 4, 8, fin_res);
+        save_res(ii + 4, jj + 4, 12, fin_res);
+    }
+
+    void KERNEL_Q0(int64_t ii, int64_t jj, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc, int64_t l, vec_t * vec_A, vec_t * vec_B) {
+        acc_t acc[8];
+        for (int i = 0; i < mc ; i += 16) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < nc; j += 8) {
+                int A0_base = (i / 16) * (2 * 32 * kc);
+                int B0_base = (j / 8) * (32 * kc);
+                for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
+                     __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc[x]);
+                }
+                for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < kc; kk++) {
+                    int A0_block_idx = A0_base + kk * 32;
+                    int B0_block_idx = B0_base + kk * 32;
+                    int A1_block_idx = A0_block_idx + 32 * kc;
+                    int B1_block_idx = B0_block_idx + 32 * kc;
+                    vec_t * A0_block = & vec_A[A0_block_idx];
+                    vec_t * B0_block = & vec_B[B0_block_idx];
+                    vec_t * A1_block = & vec_A[A1_block_idx];
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++) {
+                        for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[0], A0_block[8 * it + x], B0_block[8 * it + x]);
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[1], A0_block[8 * it + x], B0_block[8 * it + x + 4]);
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[2], A0_block[8 * it + x + 4], B0_block[8 * it + x]);
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[3], A0_block[8 * it + x + 4], B0_block[8 * it + x + 4]);
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[4], A1_block[8 * it + x], B0_block[8 * it + x]);
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[5], A1_block[8 * it + x], B0_block[8 * it+ x + 4]);
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[6], A1_block[8 * it + x + 4], B0_block[8 * it + x]);
+                            __builtin_mma_xvf16ger2pp(& acc[7], A1_block[8 * it + x + 4], B0_block[8 * it + x + 4]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (l == 0) {
+                    save_acc(& acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                    save_acc(& acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                    save_acc(& acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                    save_acc(& acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                    save_acc(& acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                    save_acc(& acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                    save_acc(& acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                    save_acc(& acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                } else {
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                    add_save_acc(& acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                }
+            }
         }
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii+4, jj, 4, fin_res);
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii, jj+4, 8, fin_res);
-        save_res<4, 4>(ii+4, jj+4, 12, fin_res);
     }
 
-    template<int RM, int RN>
-    void gemm_small(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
+    void matmul_tiled(int64_t m, int64_t n, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc) {
+        vec_t A_pack[mc * kc * 4];
+        vec_t B_pack[nc * kc * 4];
+        constexpr bool is_Ablock_q4 = std::is_same_v<TA, block_q4_0>;
+        int64_t ytiles = m / mc;
+        int64_t xtiles = n / nc;
+        int64_t tiles  = xtiles * ytiles;
+        int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
+        int64_t start = duty * ith;
+        int64_t end = start + duty;
+        if (end > tiles) {
+            end = tiles;
+        }
+        for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
+            int64_t ii = (job / xtiles) * mc;
+            int64_t jj = (job % xtiles) * nc;
+            for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < k; kk += kc) {
+                if constexpr(is_Ablock_q4) {
+                    packNormal_q4_fp16(A + ii * lda + kk, lda, mc, kc, (uint8_t *)A_pack);
+                } else {
+                    packNormal_q8_fp16(A + ii * lda + kk, lda, mc, kc, (uint8_t *)A_pack);
+                }
+                packNormal_q8_fp16(B + jj * ldb + kk, ldb, nc, kc, (uint8_t *)B_pack);
+                KERNEL_Q0(ii, jj, mc, nc, kc, kk, A_pack, B_pack);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void gemm_small(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n, int RM, int RN) {
         int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
         int64_t xtiles = (n - n0) / RN;
         int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
@@ -2598,32 +3086,32 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
             vector float fin_res[4] = {0};
             vector float vs[4] = {0};
             vector float CA[4] = {0};
-            __builtin_prefetch((A+(ii*lda)+0)->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch first value
-            __builtin_prefetch((B+(jj*ldb)+0)->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch first value
+            __builtin_prefetch((A + (ii * lda) + 0)->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch first value
+            __builtin_prefetch((B + (jj * ldb) + 0)->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch first value
             for (int l = 0; l < k; l++) {
-                __builtin_prefetch((A+(ii*lda)+(l+1))->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch one loop ahead
-                __builtin_prefetch((B+(jj*ldb)+(l+1))->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch one loop ahead
-                __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
+                __builtin_prefetch((A + (ii * lda) + (l + 1))->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch one loop ahead
+                __builtin_prefetch((B + (jj * ldb) + (l + 1))->qs, 0, 1); // prefetch one loop ahead
+                __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(& acc_0);
                 if (isAblock_q4) {
-                   packNormalInt4<int8_t, vector signed char, 4>((A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, RM, 4, (int8_t*)vec_A, comparray);
+                    packNormalInt4<4>((A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, RM, 4, (int8_t *)vec_A, comparray);
                 } else {
-                   packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const TB*)(A+(ii*lda)+l), lda, RM, 8, (int8_t*)vec_A, false);
+                    packNormal<int8_t, vector signed char>((const block_q8_0 *)(A + (ii * lda) + l), lda, RM, 8, (int8_t *)vec_A, false);
                 }
-                packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B+(jj*ldb)+l), ldb, RN, 8, (uint8_t*)vec_B, true);
-                for(int x = 0; x < 8; x+=4) {
-                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x+1], vec_B[x+1]);
-                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x+2], vec_B[x+2]);
-                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(&acc_0, vec_A[x+3], vec_B[x+3]);
+                packNormal<uint8_t, vector unsigned char>((B + (jj * ldb) + l), ldb, RN, 8, (uint8_t *)vec_B, true);
+                for (int x = 0; x < 8; x += 4) {
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_0, vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_0, vec_A[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_0, vec_A[x + 2], vec_B[x + 2]);
+                    __builtin_mma_xvi8ger4pp(& acc_0, vec_A[x + 3], vec_B[x + 3]);
                 }
-                for (int I = 0; I<RM; I++) {
-                    for (int J = 0; J<RN; J++) {
-                        *((float*)&vs[I]+J) = (unhalf((A+((ii+I)*lda)+l)->d) * unhalf((B+((jj+J)*ldb)+l)->d));
+                for (int I = 0; I < RM; I++) {
+                    for (int J = 0; J < RN; J++) {
+                        *((float*)&vs[I] + J) = (unhalf((A + ((ii + I) * lda) + l)->d) * unhalf((B + ((jj + J) * ldb) + l)->d));
                     }
                 }
-                __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, &acc_0);
+                __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, & acc_0);
                 if (!isAblock_q4) {
-                    auto aoffset = A+(ii*lda)+l;
+                    auto aoffset = A + (ii * lda) + l;
                     for (int i = 0; i < RM; i++) {
                         comparray[i] = 0;
                         int ca = 0;
@@ -2640,21 +3128,21 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
                     fin_res[i] = vec_madd(res[i], vs[i], fin_res[i]);
                 }
             }
-            save_res<RM, RN>(ii, jj, 0, fin_res);
-        }
-    }
-
-    template<int RM, int RN>
-    inline void kernel(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
-       if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
-          KERNEL_4x8(ii,jj);
-       } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
-          KERNEL_8x4(ii,jj);
-       } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
-          KERNEL_8x8(ii,jj);
-       } else {
-          static_assert(false, "RN/RM values not supported");
-       }
+            save_res(ii, jj, 0, fin_res, RM, RN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<int RM, int RN>
+    inline void kernel(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_4x8(ii,jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
+            KERNEL_8x4(ii,jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_8x8(ii,jj);
+        } else {
+            assert(false && "RN/RM values not supported");
+        }
     }
 
     template <int RM, int RN>
@@ -2673,13 +3161,11 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
             kernel<RM, RN>(ii, jj);
         }
     }
-
-    const TA *const A;
-    const TB *const B;
-    TC *C;
-    TA *At;
-    TB *Bt;
+    const TA * const A;
+    const block_q8_0 * const B;
+    float * C;
     const int64_t k;
+    int64_t kc;
     const int64_t lda;
     const int64_t ldb;
     const int64_t ldc;
@@ -2687,266 +3173,183 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
     const int nth;
 };
 
-template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC>
 class tinyBLAS_PPC {
   public:
     tinyBLAS_PPC(int64_t k,
-                const TA *A, int64_t lda,
-                const TB *B, int64_t ldb,
-                TC *C, int64_t ldc,
+                const float * A, int64_t lda,
+                const float * B, int64_t ldb,
+                float * C, int64_t ldc,
                 int ith, int nth)
         : A(A), B(B), C(C), k(k), lda(lda), ldb(ldb), ldc(ldc), ith(ith), nth(nth) {
     }
 
     void matmul(int64_t m, int64_t n) {
-       mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+        int64_t mc = 256; int64_t nc = 256; int64_t kc = 256;
+        if (m % mc == 0 && n % nc == 0 && k % kc == 0) {
+            matmul_tiled(m, n, mc, nc, kc);
+        } else {
+            mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+        }
     }
 
   private:
 
-    void (tinyBLAS_PPC::*kernel)(int64_t, int64_t);
+    inline void save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                *((float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void add_save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                float * c_ptr = (float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I);
+                *c_ptr += *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void vector_permute_store_4(vector float * src, float * vecOffset) {
+        vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+        t1 = vec_mergeh(src[0], src[1]);
+        t2 = vec_mergeh(src[2], src[3]);
+        t3 = vec_mergel(src[0], src[1]);
+        t4 = vec_mergel(src[2], src[3]);
+
+        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
+        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
+        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
+        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
+
+        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 4);
+        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 8);
+        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 12);
+    }
+
+    inline void vector_permute_store_8(vector float * src, float * vecOffset) {
+        vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+        t1 = vec_mergeh(src[0], src[1]);
+        t2 = vec_mergeh(src[2], src[3]);
+        t3 = vec_mergeh(src[4], src[5]);
+        t4 = vec_mergeh(src[6], src[7]);
+
+        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
+        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
+        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
+        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
+
+        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 4);
+        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 8);
+        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 12);
+
+        t1 = vec_mergel(src[0], src[1]);
+        t2 = vec_mergel(src[2], src[3]);
+        t3 = vec_mergel(src[4], src[5]);
+        t4 = vec_mergel(src[6], src[7]);
 
-    template<typename VA>
-    void packTranspose(const TA* a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, TA* vec) {
+        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
+        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
+        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
+        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
+
+        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset + 16);
+        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 20);
+        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 24);
+        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 28);
+    }
+
+    void packTranspose(const float * a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, float * vec) {
         int64_t i, j;
-        TA *aoffset = NULL, *boffset = NULL;
-        TA *aoffset1 = NULL, *aoffset2 = NULL, *aoffset3 = NULL, *aoffset4 = NULL;
-        TA *aoffset5 = NULL, *aoffset6 = NULL, *aoffset7 = NULL, *aoffset8 = NULL;
-        __vector_pair C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8;
-        VA c1[2] = {0}, c2[2] = {0}, c3[2] = {0}, c4[2] = {0};
-        VA c5[2] = {0}, c6[2] = {0}, c7[2] = {0}, c8[2] = {0};
-        VA t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
-        aoffset = const_cast<TA*>(a);
+        float * aoffsets[8];
+        float * aoffset = NULL, * boffset = NULL;
+        __vector_pair arr[8];
+        vector float c[8][2] = {0};
+        vector float c1[8] = {0};
+        vector float c2[8] = {0};
+        aoffset = const_cast<float *>(a);
         boffset = vec;
         j = (rows >> 3);
         if (j > 0) {
-
             do {
-                aoffset1 = aoffset;
-                aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
-                aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
-                aoffset4 = aoffset3 + lda;
-                aoffset5 = aoffset4 + lda;
-                aoffset6 = aoffset5 + lda;
-                aoffset7 = aoffset6 + lda;
-                aoffset8 = aoffset7 + lda;
+                aoffsets[0] = aoffset;
+                for (int it = 1; it < 8; it++)
+                    aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it-1] + lda;
                 aoffset += 8 * lda;
                 i = (cols >> 3);
                 if (i > 0) {
                     do {
-                        C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1);
-                        C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2);
-                        C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3);
-                        C4 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset4);
-                        C5 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset5);
-                        C6 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset6);
-                        C7 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset7);
-                        C8 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset8);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c4, &C4);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c5, &C5);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c6, &C6);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c7, &C7);
-                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c8, &C8);
-
-                        t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                        t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                        t3 = vec_mergeh(c5[0], c6[0]);
-                        t4 = vec_mergeh(c7[0], c8[0]);
-                        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+4);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+8);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+12);
-
-                        t1 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                        t2 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                        t3 = vec_mergel(c5[0], c6[0]);
-                        t4 = vec_mergel(c7[0], c8[0]);
-                        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset+16);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+20);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+24);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+28);
-
-                        t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[1], c2[1]);
-                        t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[1], c4[1]);
-                        t3 = vec_mergeh(c5[1], c6[1]);
-                        t4 = vec_mergeh(c7[1], c8[1]);
-                        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset+32);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+36);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+40);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+44);
-
-                        t1 = vec_mergel(c1[1], c2[1]);
-                        t2 = vec_mergel(c3[1], c4[1]);
-                        t3 = vec_mergel(c5[1], c6[1]);
-                        t4 = vec_mergel(c7[1], c8[1]);
-                        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                        vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset+48);
-                        vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+52);
-                        vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+56);
-                        vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+60);
-
-                        aoffset1 += 8*lda;
-                        aoffset2 += 8*lda;
-                        aoffset3 += 8*lda;
-                        aoffset4 += 8*lda;
+                        for (int it = 0; it < 8; it++) {
+                            arr[it] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffsets[it]);
+                            __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[it], &arr[it]);
+                            c1[it] = c[it][0];
+                            c2[it] = c[it][1];
+                        }
+
+                        vector_permute_store_8(c1, boffset);
+                        vector_permute_store_8(c2, boffset + 32);
                         boffset += 64;
                         i--;
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                           for (int it = 0; it < 8; it++) {
+                               aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it] + 8;
+                           }
+                        }
                     } while(i > 0);
                 }
                 if (cols & 4) {
-                    c1[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
-                    c2[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
-                    c3[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
-                    c4[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset4);
-                    c5[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset5);
-                    c6[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset6);
-                    c7[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset7);
-                    c8[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset8);
-
-                    t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                    t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                    t3 = vec_mergeh(c5[0], c6[0]);
-                    t4 = vec_mergeh(c7[0], c8[0]);
-                    t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                    t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                    t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                    t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+4);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+8);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+12);
-
-                    t1 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                    t2 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                    t3 = vec_mergel(c5[0], c6[0]);
-                    t4 = vec_mergel(c7[0], c8[0]);
-                    t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                    t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                    t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                    t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset+16);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+20);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+24);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+28);
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 8 ; it++)
+                        c1[it] = vec_xl(0, aoffsets[it]);
+                    vector_permute_store_8(c1, boffset);
                 }
             j--;
             } while(j > 0);
         }
 
         if (rows & 4) {
-            aoffset1 = aoffset;
-            aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
-            aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
-            aoffset4 = aoffset3 + lda;
+            aoffsets[0] = aoffset;
+            for (int it = 1; it < 4; it++)
+                aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it-1] + lda;
             aoffset += 4 * lda;
             i = (cols >> 3);
             if (i > 0) {
                 do {
-                    C1 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset1);
-                    C2 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset2);
-                    C3 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset3);
-                    C4 = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffset4);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c1, &C1);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c2, &C2);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c3, &C3);
-                    __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c4, &C4);
-
-                    t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                    t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                    t3 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                    t4 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                    t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                    t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                    t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                    t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+4);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+8);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+12);
-
-                    t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[1], c2[1]);
-                    t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[1], c4[1]);
-                    t3 = vec_mergel(c1[1], c2[1]);
-                    t4 = vec_mergel(c3[1], c4[1]);
-                    t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                    t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                    t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-                    t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-                    vec_xst(t5, 0, boffset+16);
-                    vec_xst(t6, 0, boffset+20);
-                    vec_xst(t7, 0, boffset+24);
-                    vec_xst(t8, 0, boffset+28);
-
-                    aoffset1 += 8*lda;
-                    aoffset2 += 8*lda;
-                    aoffset3 += 8*lda;
-                    aoffset4 += 8*lda;
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++) {
+                        arr[it] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffsets[it]);
+                        __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[it], &arr[it]);
+                        c1[it] = c[it][0];
+                        c2[it] = c[it][1];
+                    }
+                    vector_permute_store_4(c1, boffset);
+                    vector_permute_store_4(c2, boffset + 16);
+                    for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++)
+                        aoffsets[it] += 8 * lda;
                     boffset += 32;
                     i--;
                 } while(i > 0);
             }
 
             if (cols & 4) {
-                c1[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
-                c2[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
-                c3[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
-                c4[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset4);
-
-                t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset);
-                vec_xst(t4, 0, boffset+4);
-
-                t1 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                t2 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset+8);
-                vec_xst(t4, 0, boffset+12);
+               for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++)
+                   c1[it] = vec_xl(0, aoffsets[it]);
+                vector_permute_store_4(c1, boffset);
             }
         }
         if (rows & 3) {
-            aoffset1 = aoffset;
-            aoffset2 = aoffset1 + lda;
-            aoffset3 = aoffset2 + lda;
+            aoffsets[0] = aoffset;
+            for (int it = 1; it < 3; it++)
+                aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it-1] + lda;
             if (cols & 4) {
-                c1[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset1);
-                c2[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset2);
-                c3[0] = vec_xl(0, aoffset3);
-
-                t1 = vec_mergeh(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                t2 = vec_mergeh(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset);
-                vec_xst(t4, 0, boffset+4);
-
-                t1 = vec_mergel(c1[0], c2[0]);
-                t2 = vec_mergel(c3[0], c4[0]);
-                t3 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-                t4 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-                vec_xst(t3, 0, boffset+8);
-                vec_xst(t4, 0, boffset+12);
+                for (int it = 0; it < 3; it++)
+                    c1[it] = vec_xl(0, aoffsets[it]);
+                vector_permute_store_4(c1, boffset);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2955,15 +3358,15 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         vec_t vec_A[4], vec_B[4], vec_C[4];
         acc_t acc_0;
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-        for (int l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
+        for (int l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 4, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 4, 4, (float *)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], vec_B[1]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[2], vec_B[2]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[3], vec_B[3]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_4x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2971,9 +3374,9 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         acc_t acc_0, acc_1;
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
-        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 4, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 8, 4, (float *)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], (vec_t)vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, vec_A[0], (vec_t)vec_B[1]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], (vec_t)vec_B[2]);
@@ -2983,8 +3386,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[3], (vec_t)vec_B[6]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, vec_A[3], (vec_t)vec_B[7]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii, jj+4);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii, jj + 4);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x4(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2992,9 +3395,9 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         acc_t acc_0, acc_1;
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
-        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 8, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 4, 4, (float *)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[1], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[2], vec_B[1]);
@@ -3004,8 +3407,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[6], vec_B[3]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[7], vec_B[3]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii+4, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii + 4, jj);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -3016,173 +3419,132 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_2);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_3);
         for (int l = 0; l < k; l+=8) {
-            packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 8, (TA*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 8, (TA*)vec_B);
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 8, 8, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 8, 8, (float *)vec_B);
             for(int x = 0; x < 16; x+=2) {
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x+1]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_2, (vec_t)vec_A[x+1], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_3, (vec_t)vec_A[x+1], vec_B[x+1]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x + 1]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_2, (vec_t)vec_A[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_3, (vec_t)vec_A[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            }
+        }
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii, jj + 4);
+        save_acc(&acc_2, ii + 4, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_3, ii + 4, jj + 4);
+    }
+
+    inline void MMA_16x8(vec_t * vec_A0, vec_t * vec_A1, vec_t * vec_B, acc_t * acc) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < 16; x += 2) {
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[0], vec_A0[x + 0], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[1], vec_A0[x + 0], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[2], vec_A0[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[3], vec_A0[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[4], vec_A1[x + 0], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[5], vec_A1[x + 0], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[6], vec_A1[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[7], vec_A1[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void KERNEL(int64_t ii, int64_t jj, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc, vec_t * vec_A, vec_t * vec_B, int64_t kk) {
+        for (int64_t i = 0; i < mc; i += 16) {
+            int A_base_addr = (mc / 8) * (i / 8) * 16;
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < nc; j += 8) {
+                 int B_base_addr = (nc / 8) * (j / 8) * 16;
+                 acc_t acc[8];
+                 vec_t A0_block[16]; vec_t A1_block[16];
+                 for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++)
+                     __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc[x]);
+                 for (int64_t l = 0; l < kc; l += 8) {
+                     int A0_block_idx = A_base_addr + (l / 8) * 16;
+                     int A1_block_idx = A0_block_idx + (mc / 8) * 16;
+                     int B_block_idx = B_base_addr + (l / 8) * 16;
+                     vec_t* A0_block = &vec_A[A0_block_idx];
+                     vec_t* A1_block = &vec_A[A1_block_idx];
+                     vec_t* B_block = &vec_B[B_block_idx];
+                     MMA_16x8(A0_block, A1_block, B_block, acc);
+                 }
+                 if (kk == 0) {
+                     save_acc(&acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                 } else {
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                 }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void matmul_tiled(int64_t m , int64_t n, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc) {
+        int64_t ytiles = m / mc;
+        int64_t xtiles = n / nc;
+        int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
+        int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
+        int64_t start = duty * ith;
+        int64_t end = start + duty;
+        if (end > tiles) {
+            end = tiles;
+        }
+        for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
+            int64_t ii = (job / xtiles) * mc;
+            int64_t jj = (job % xtiles) * nc;
+            for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < k; kk += kc) {
+                 vec_t A_pack[kc * mc / 4];
+                 vec_t B_pack[kc * nc / 4];
+                 packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + kk, lda, kc, mc, (float *)A_pack);
+                 packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + kk, ldb, kc, nc, (float *)B_pack);
+                 KERNEL(ii, jj, mc, nc, kc, A_pack, B_pack, kk);
             }
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii, jj+4);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_2, ii+4, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_3, ii+4, jj+4);
     }
 
     void mnpack(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
-        int64_t mc, nc, mp, np;
-        int m_rem = MIN(m - m0, 16);
-        int n_rem = MIN(n - n0, 16);
-        if (m_rem >= 16 && n_rem >= 8) {
-            mc = 8;
-            nc = 8;
-            gemm<8,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
-        } else if(m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 16) {
-            mc = 8;
-            nc = 8;
-            gemm<8,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
-        } else if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 8) {
+        int m_rem = MIN(m - m0, 8);
+        int n_rem = MIN(n - n0, 8);
+        int mc = 0, nc = 0;
+        if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 8) {
             mc = 8;
             nc = 8;
-            gemm<8,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            gemm<8, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 8) {
             mc = 4;
             nc = 8;
-            gemm<4,8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            gemm<4, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 4) {
             mc = 8;
             nc = 4;
-            gemm<8,4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            gemm<8, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 4) {
             mc = 4;
             nc = 4;
-            gemm<4,4>(m0, m, n0, n);
-        } else if ((m_rem < 4) && (n_rem > 4)) {
-            nc = 4;
-            switch(m_rem) {
-                case 1:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 2:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 3:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return;
-            }
-        } else if ((m_rem > 4) && (n_rem < 4)) {
-            mc = 4;
-            switch(n_rem) {
-                case 1:
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 2:
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 3:
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return;
-            }
+            gemm<4, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else {
-            switch((m_rem << 4) | n_rem) {
-                case 0x43:
-                    mc = 4;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x42:
-                    mc = 4;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x41:
-                    mc = 4;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x34:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 4;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x33:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x32:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x31:
-                    mc = 3;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x24:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 4;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x23:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x22:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x21:
-                    mc = 2;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x14:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 4;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x13:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 3;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x12:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 2;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                case 0x11:
-                    mc = 1;
-                    nc = 1;
-                    gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return;
-            }
+            mc = (m_rem >= 4) ? 4 : m_rem;
+            nc = (n_rem >= 4) ? 4 : n_rem;
+            if (mc == 0 || nc == 0)
+                return;
+            gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
         }
-        mp = m0 + (m - m0) / mc * mc;
-        np = n0 + (n - n0) / nc * nc;
+        int64_t mp = m0 + ((m - m0) / mc) * mc;
+        int64_t np = n0 + ((n - n0) / nc) * nc;
         mnpack(mp, m, n0, np);
         mnpack(m0, m, np, n);
     }
 
-     void gemm_small(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n, int RM, int RN) {
+    void gemm_small(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n, int RM, int RN) {
         int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
         int64_t xtiles = (n - n0) / RN;
         int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
@@ -3197,30 +3559,30 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             vec_t vec_C[4];
             acc_t acc_0;
             __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-            vec_t vec_A[4] {0}, vec_B[4] = {0};
-            for (int l=0; l<k; l+=4) {
+            vec_t vec_A[4] = {0}, vec_B[4] = {0};
+            for (int l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
                 /* 'GEMV Forwarding' concept is used in first two conditional loops.
                  * when one of the matrix has a single row/column, the elements are
                  * broadcasted, instead of using packing routine to prepack the
                  * matrix elements.
                  */
                 if (RM == 1) {
-                    TA* a = const_cast<TA*>(A+(ii)*lda+l);
-                    packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
+                    float * a = const_cast<float *>(A + (ii) * lda + l);
+                    packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, RN, 4, (float *)vec_B);
                     vec_A[0] = (vec_t)vec_xl(0,a);
-                    vec_A[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TA*)&vec_A+1));
-                    vec_A[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TA*)&vec_A+2));
-                    vec_A[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TA*)&vec_A+3));
+                    vec_A[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_A+1));
+                    vec_A[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_A+2));
+                    vec_A[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_A+3));
                 } else if (RN == 1) {
-                    packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
-                    TB* b = const_cast<TB*>(B+(jj)*ldb+l);
+                    packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, RM, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+                    float * b = const_cast<float *>(B + (jj) * ldb + l);
                     vec_B[0] = (vec_t)vec_xl(0,b);
-                    vec_B[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TB*)&vec_B+1));
-                    vec_B[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TB*)&vec_B+2));
-                    vec_B[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((TB*)&vec_B+3));
+                    vec_B[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_B+1));
+                    vec_B[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_B+2));
+                    vec_B[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_B+3));
                 } else {
-                    packTranspose<vector float>(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 4, (TA*)vec_A);
-                    packTranspose<vector float>(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 4, (TA*)vec_B);
+                    packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, RM, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+                    packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, RN, 4, (float *)vec_B);
                 }
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], vec_B[1]);
@@ -3230,12 +3592,27 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, &acc_0);
             for (int I = 0; I < RM; I++) {
                 for (int J = 0; J < RN; J++) {
-                    *((TC*)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((TC*)&vec_C[I]+J);
+                    *((float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
                 }
             }
        }
     }
 
+    template<int RM, int RN>
+    inline void kernel(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 4) {
+            KERNEL_4x4(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_4x8(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
+            KERNEL_8x4(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_8x8(ii, jj);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(false, "RN/RM values not supported");
+        }
+    }
+
     template <int RM, int RN>
     NOINLINE void gemm(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
         int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
@@ -3244,29 +3621,18 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
         int64_t start = duty * ith;
         int64_t end = start + duty;
-        if (RM == 4 && RN == 4) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_4x4;
-        } else if (RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_4x8;
-        } else if (RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_8x4;
-        } else if (RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_8x8;
-        }
         if (end > tiles)
             end = tiles;
         for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
             int64_t ii = m0 + job / xtiles * RM;
             int64_t jj = n0 + job % xtiles * RN;
-            (this->*kernel)(ii, jj);
+            kernel<RM, RN>(ii, jj);
         }
     }
 
-    const TA *const A;
-    const TB *const B;
-    TC *C;
-    TA *At;
-    TB *Bt;
+    const float * const A;
+    const float * const B;
+    float * C;
     const int64_t k;
     const int64_t lda;
     const int64_t ldb;
@@ -3365,13 +3731,31 @@ bool llamafile_sgemm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64
 #elif defined(__MMA__)
         if (k % 8)
             return false;
-        tinyBLAS_PPC<float, float, float> tb{
+        tinyBLAS_PPC tb{
             k, (const float *)A, lda,
             (const float *)B, ldb,
             (float *)C, ldc,
             params->ith, params->nth};
         tb.matmul(m, n);
         return true;
+#elif defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+    #if LMUL == 1
+        tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m1_t, vfloat32m1_t, float, float, float> tb{ params,
+            k, (const float *)A, lda,
+            (const float *)B, ldb,
+            (float *)C, ldc};
+    #elif LMUL == 2
+        tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m2_t, vfloat32m2_t, float, float, float> tb{ params,
+            k, (const float *)A, lda,
+            (const float *)B, ldb,
+            (float *)C, ldc};
+    #else // LMUL = 4
+        tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m4_t, vfloat32m4_t, float, float, float> tb{ params,
+            k, (const float *)A, lda,
+            (const float *)B, ldb,
+            (float *)C, ldc};
+    #endif
+        return tb.matmul(m, n);
 #else
         return false;
 #endif
@@ -3403,17 +3787,38 @@ bool llamafile_sgemm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64
             return tb.matmul(m, n);
         }
 #elif defined(__MMA__)
-        if ((k % 8))
-                return false;
-        if(Btype == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-           tinyBLAS_BF16_PPC<ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t, float> tb{ k,
-            (const ggml_bf16_t *)A, lda,
-            (const ggml_bf16_t *)B, ldb,
-            (float *)C, ldc,
-            params->ith, params->nth};
-        tb.matmul(m, n);
-        return true;
+        if (k % 8) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Btype == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+            tinyBLAS_HP16_PPC<ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t, float> tb{ k,
+                (const ggml_bf16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_bf16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc,
+                params->ith, params->nth };
+
+            tb.matmul(m, n);
+            return true;
         }
+#elif defined(__riscv_zvfbfwma)
+        #if LMUL == 1
+            tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m1_t, vbfloat16mf2_t, ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t, float> tb{ params,
+                k, (const ggml_bf16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_bf16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc};
+        #elif LMUL == 2
+            tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m2_t, vbfloat16m1_t, ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t, float> tb{ params,
+                k, (const ggml_bf16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_bf16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc};
+        #else // LMUL = 4
+            tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m4_t, vbfloat16m2_t, ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t, float> tb{ params,
+                k, (const ggml_bf16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_bf16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc};
+        #endif
+            return tb.matmul(m, n);
 #endif
         return false;
     }
@@ -3463,6 +3868,41 @@ bool llamafile_sgemm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64
                 (float *)C, ldc};
             return tb.matmul(m, n);
         }
+#elif defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+        if (Btype == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        #if LMUL == 1
+            tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m1_t, vfloat16mf2_t, ggml_fp16_t, ggml_fp16_t, float> tb{ params,
+                k, (const ggml_fp16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_fp16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc};
+        #elif LMUL == 2
+            tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m2_t, vfloat16m1_t, ggml_fp16_t, ggml_fp16_t, float> tb{ params,
+                k, (const ggml_fp16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_fp16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc};
+        #else // LMUL = 4
+            tinyBLAS_RVV<vfloat32m4_t, vfloat16m2_t, ggml_fp16_t, ggml_fp16_t, float> tb{ params,
+                k, (const ggml_fp16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_fp16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc};
+        #endif
+            return tb.matmul(m, n);
+        }
+#elif defined(__MMA__)
+        if (k % 8) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Btype == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            tinyBLAS_HP16_PPC<ggml_fp16_t, ggml_fp16_t, float> tb{ k,
+                (const ggml_fp16_t *)A, lda,
+                (const ggml_fp16_t *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc,
+                params->ith, params->nth };
+
+            tb.matmul(m, n);
+            return true;
+        }
 #endif
         return false;
     }
@@ -3492,7 +3932,7 @@ bool llamafile_sgemm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64
            return false;
         if (m < 8 && m != 4)
            return false;
-        tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC<block_q8_0, block_q8_0, float> tb{
+        tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC<block_q8_0> tb{
             k, (const block_q8_0 *)A, lda,
             (const block_q8_0 *)B, ldb,
             (float *)C, ldc,
@@ -3529,7 +3969,7 @@ bool llamafile_sgemm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64
            return false;
         if (m < 8 && m != 4)
            return false;
-        tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC<block_q4_0, block_q8_0, float> tb{
+        tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC<block_q4_0> tb{
             k, (const block_q4_0 *)A, lda,
             (const block_q8_0 *)B, ldb,
             (float *)C, ldc,
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.h
index 729e8853d51..867b0c04aee 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.h
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
 #include <vecintrin.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+#define NOINLINE __attribute__((__noinline__))
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp
index eff4a53e344..3f85e531daa 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "binary-ops.h"
+#include "simd-gemm.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
 #include "unary-ops.h"
 #include "vec.h"
 
-#include <float.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cmath>
 
 // ggml_compute_forward_dup
 
@@ -39,13 +43,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_same_cont(
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
+template<typename src_t, typename dst_t>
+static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(dst) == ggml_nelements(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && !ggml_is_quantized(dst->type));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
@@ -60,6 +66,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
     const int ir0 = dr * ith;
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
+    // case: type & row size equal
     if (src0->type == dst->type &&
         ne00 == ne0 &&
         nb00 == ggml_type_size(src0->type) && nb0 == ggml_type_size(dst->type)) {
@@ -78,11 +85,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
         return;
     }
 
-    // TODO: add more special-case implementations for tensor shapes/strides that can benefit from memcpy
-
+    // case: dst tensor is contiguous
     if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-        if (nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t)) {
-            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        if (nb00 == sizeof(src_t)) {
+            if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dst_t, src_t>) {
+                // same type
                 size_t id = 0;
                 const size_t rs = ne00 * nb00;
                 char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
@@ -98,91 +105,46 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
                         id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
                 }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            } else {
+                // casting between non-quantized types
                 size_t id = 0;
-                float * dst_ptr = (float *) dst->data;
+                dst_t * dst_ptr = (dst_t *) dst->data;
 
                 for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
                     for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
                         id += ne00 * ir0;
                         for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                            const src_t * src0_ptr = (src_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
                             for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i00]);
+                                float tmp = type_conversion_table<src_t>::to_f32(src0_ptr[i00]);
+                                dst_ptr[id] = type_conversion_table<dst_t>::from_f32(tmp);
                                 id++;
                             }
                         }
                         id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
                 }
-            } else if (ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float) {
-                ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float;
-                float * src0_f32 = (float *) params->wdata + (ne00 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
-
-                size_t id = 0;
-                size_t rs = nb0 * (ne00 / ggml_blck_size(dst->type));
-                char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
-
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += rs * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                src0_f32[i00] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i00]);
-                            }
-
-                            quantize_row_q(src0_f32, dst_ptr + id, ne00);
-                            id += rs;
-                        }
-                        id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
             }
         } else {
             //printf("%s: this is not optimal - fix me\n", __func__);
 
-            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                float * dst_ptr = (float *) dst->data;
-
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(*src0_ptr);
-                                id++;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data;
+            size_t id = 0;
+            dst_t * dst_ptr = (dst_t *) dst->data;
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+            for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+                for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+                    id += ne00 * ir0;
+                    for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                        for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
+                            const src_t * src0_ptr = (src_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
 
-                                dst_ptr[id] = *src0_ptr;
-                                id++;
-                            }
+                            float tmp = type_conversion_table<src_t>::to_f32(*src0_ptr);
+                            dst_ptr[id] = type_conversion_table<dst_t>::from_f32(tmp);
+                            id++;
                         }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
+                    id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
                 }
-            } else {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
             }
         }
         return;
@@ -194,7 +156,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
     int64_t i12 = 0;
     int64_t i13 = 0;
 
-    if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dst_t, src_t>) {
         for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
             for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
                 i10 += ne00 * ir0;
@@ -215,7 +177,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
                         const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
                               char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
 
-                        memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+                        memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, sizeof(dst_t));
 
                         if (++i10 == ne00) {
                             i10 = 0;
@@ -246,7 +208,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
                 }
             }
         }
-    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+
+    } else {
         for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
             for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
                 i10 += ne00 * ir0;
@@ -267,7 +230,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
                         const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
                               char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
 
-                        *(float *) dst_ptr = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(*(const ggml_fp16_t *) src0_ptr);
+                        float tmp = type_conversion_table<src_t>::to_f32(*(const src_t *) src0_ptr);
+                        *(dst_t *) dst_ptr = type_conversion_table<dst_t>::from_f32(tmp);
 
                         if (++i10 == ne0) {
                             i10 = 0;
@@ -298,18 +262,19 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(
                 }
             }
         }
-    } else {
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_bf16(
+
+template<typename src_t>
+static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_to_q(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(dst) == ggml_nelements(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(src0->type));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
@@ -324,11 +289,73 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_bf16(
     const int ir0 = dr * ith;
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst) &&
+            nb00 == sizeof(src_t) &&
+            ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float) {
+        // casting non-quantized types --> intermediate f32 --> quantized
+        ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float;
+        float * src0_f32 = (float *) params->wdata + (ne00 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
+
+        size_t id = 0;
+        size_t rs = nb0 * (ne00 / ggml_blck_size(dst->type));
+        char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
+
+        for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+            for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+                id += rs * ir0;
+                for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                    const src_t * src0_ptr = (src_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+
+                    for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
+                        src0_f32[i00] = type_conversion_table<src_t>::to_f32(src0_ptr[i00]);
+                    }
+
+                    quantize_row_q(src0_f32, dst_ptr + id, ne00);
+                    id += rs;
+                }
+                id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // printf("%s %s\n", ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(dst->type));
+        GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
+    }
+}
+
+// A simplified version of ggml_compute_forward_dup that doesn't do float upcasting, and just plain old memcpy.
+static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_bytes(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(dst) == ggml_nelements(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        ggml_compute_forward_dup_same_cont(params, dst);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+
+    const int ith = params->ith; // thread index
+    const int nth = params->nth; // number of threads
+
+    // parallelize by rows
+    const int nr = ne01;
+    // number of rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1) / nth;
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
     if (src0->type == dst->type &&
-        ne00 == ne0 &&
-        nb00 == ggml_type_size(src0->type) && nb0 == ggml_type_size(dst->type)) {
+        ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst) &&
+        nb00 == type_size && nb0 == type_size) {
         // copy by rows
-        const size_t rs = ne00*nb00;
+        const size_t rs = ggml_row_size(src0->type, ne00);
         for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
             for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
                 for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
@@ -342,980 +369,1316 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_bf16(
         return;
     }
 
-    // TODO: add more special-case implementations for tensor shapes/strides that can benefit from memcpy
-
     if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-        if (nb00 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t)) {
-            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                const size_t rs = ne00 * nb00;
-                char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
+        size_t id = 0;
+        char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
+        const size_t rs = ne00 * type_size;
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += rs * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const char * src0_ptr = (char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
-                            memcpy(dst_ptr + id, src0_ptr, rs);
-                            id += rs;
-                        }
-                        id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
+        if (nb00 == type_size) {
+            // src0 is contiguous on first dimension, copy by rows
+            for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+                for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+                    id += rs * ir0;
+                    for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                        const char * src0_ptr = (char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
+                        memcpy(dst_ptr + id, src0_ptr, rs);
+                        id += rs;
                     }
+                    id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
                 }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data;
+            }
+        } else {
+            //printf("%s: this is not optimal - fix me\n", __func__);
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i00]));
-                                id++;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                float * dst_ptr = (float *) dst->data;
+            for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+                for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+                    id += rs * ir0;
+                    for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                        for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
+                            const char * src0_ptr = (char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
+                            memcpy(dst_ptr + id, src0_ptr, type_size);
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i00]);
-                                id++;
-                            }
+                            id += type_size;
                         }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
+                    id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
                 }
-            } else if (ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float) {
-                ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float;
-                float * src0_f32 = (float *) params->wdata + (ne00 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
+            }
+        }
 
-                size_t id = 0;
-                size_t rs = nb0 * (ne00 / ggml_blck_size(dst->type));
-                char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
+        return;
+    }
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += rs * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    // dst counters
+    int64_t k10 = 0;
+    int64_t i11 = 0;
+    int64_t i12 = 0;
+    int64_t i13 = 0;
 
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                src0_f32[i00] = GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i00]);
-                            }
+    // number of blocks in a row
+    const int64_t nk00 = ne00 / ggml_blck_size(src0->type);
+    const int64_t nk0  = ne0  / ggml_blck_size(dst->type);
 
-                            quantize_row_q(src0_f32, dst_ptr + id, ne00);
-                            id += rs;
+    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            k10 += nk00 * ir0;
+            while (k10 >= nk0) {
+                k10 -= nk0;
+                if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                    i11 = 0;
+                    if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                        i12 = 0;
+                        if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                            i13 = 0;
                         }
-                        id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
                 }
-            } else {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
             }
-        } else {
-            //printf("%s: this is not optimal - fix me\n", __func__);
-
-            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                float * dst_ptr = (float *) dst->data;
-
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(*src0_ptr);
-                                id++;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                ggml_bf16_t * dst_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) dst->data;
+            for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                for (int64_t k00 = 0; k00 < nk00; k00++) {
+                    const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + k00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                          char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + k10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                    memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, type_size);
 
-                                dst_ptr[id] = *src0_ptr;
-                                id++;
+                    if (++k10 == nk0) {
+                        k10 = 0;
+                        if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                            i11 = 0;
+                            if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                                i12 = 0;
+                                if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                    i13 = 0;
+                                }
                             }
                         }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
                 }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data;
-
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(*src0_ptr));
-                                id++;
-                            }
+            }
+            k10 += nk00 * (ne01 - ir1);
+            while (k10 >= nk0) {
+                k10 -= nk0;
+                if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                    i11 = 0;
+                    if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                        i12 = 0;
+                        if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                            i13 = 0;
                         }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
                 }
-            } else {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
             }
         }
-        return;
     }
+}
 
-    // dst counters
-    int64_t i10 = 0;
-    int64_t i11 = 0;
-    int64_t i12 = 0;
-    int64_t i13 = 0;
+static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_from_q(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const ggml_type type = src0->type;
+    ggml_to_float_t const dequantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits(type)->to_float;
+
+    size_t qk = ggml_blck_size(type);
+    const int64_t nr = ggml_nelements(src1) / qk;
+
+    // destination must be contiguous in the first dimension
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == ggml_type_size(dst->type));
+    // must either have first dimension large enough to hold a row, or fully contiguous
+    GGML_ASSERT((ne10 % qk) == 0 || ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+
+        uint32_t i = ir * qk;
+
+        const int64_t i03 = i/(ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
+        const int64_t i02 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 )/ (ne00*ne01);
+        const int64_t i01 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02  -  i02*ne01*ne00) / ne00;
+        const int64_t i00 = i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 - i02*ne01*ne00 - i01*ne00;
+        const int64_t x_offset = (i00/qk)*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03 * nb03;
+
+        const int64_t i13 = i/(ne10 * ne11 * ne12);
+        const int64_t i12 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12) / (ne10*ne11);
+        const int64_t i11 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11) / ne10;
+        const int64_t i10 = i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11 - i11*ne10;
+        const int64_t dst_offset = i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
+
+        dequantize_row_q(
+                (const void *) ((char *) src0->data + x_offset),
+                     (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + dst_offset), qk);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_dup(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    if (src0->type == dst->type) {
+        ggml_compute_forward_dup_bytes(params, dst);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                /**/ if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)  ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<ggml_fp16_t, ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst);
+                else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<ggml_fp16_t, ggml_bf16_t>(params, dst);
+                else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)  ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<ggml_fp16_t, float      >(params, dst);
+                else ggml_compute_forward_dup_to_q<ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                /**/ if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)  ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<ggml_bf16_t, ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst);
+                else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t>(params, dst);
+                else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)  ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<ggml_bf16_t, float      >(params, dst);
+                else ggml_compute_forward_dup_to_q<ggml_bf16_t>(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                /**/ if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)  ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<float, ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst);
+                else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<float, ggml_bf16_t>(params, dst);
+                else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)  ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<float, float      >(params, dst);
+                else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32)  ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<float, int32_t    >(params, dst);
+                else ggml_compute_forward_dup_to_q<float>(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+            {
+                if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ggml_compute_forward_dup_flt<int32_t, float>(params, dst);
+                else GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                if (ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_dup_from_q(params, dst);
+                    break;
+                }
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_add
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add_q_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1) && ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const ggml_type type = src0->type;
+    const ggml_type dtype = dst->type;
+    ggml_to_float_t const dequantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits(type)->to_float;
+    ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dtype)->from_float;
+
+    // we don't support permuted src0 or src1
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ggml_type_size(type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_quantized(src0->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    float * wdata = (float *) params->wdata + (ne00 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 indices
+        const int i03 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i02 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i01 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01 - i02*ne01);
+
+        // src1 and dst are same shape as src0 => same indices
+        const int i13 = i03;
+        const int i12 = i02;
+        const int i11 = i01;
+
+        const int i3 = i03;
+        const int i2 = i02;
+        const int i1 = i01;
+
+        void  * src0_row = (void *) ((char *) src0->data + (i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
+        float * src1_row = (float *)((char *) src1->data + (i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13));
+        void  * dst_row  = (void *) ((char *)  dst->data + ( i1*nb1  +  i2*nb2  +  i3*nb3));
+
+        assert(ne00 % 32 == 0);
+
+        // unquantize row from src0 to temp buffer
+        dequantize_row_q(src0_row, wdata, ne00);
+        // add src1
+        ggml_vec_acc_f32(ne00, wdata, src1_row);
+        // quantize row to dst
+        if (quantize_row_q != NULL) {
+            quantize_row_q(wdata, dst_row, ne00);
+        } else {
+            memcpy(dst_row, wdata, ne0*nb0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_add(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_add_non_quantized(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_add_q_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_add_id
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add_id_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src2->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_TERNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+
+        // src1 indices
+        const int i11 = *(int32_t *) ((char *) src2->data + i1*nb20 + i2*nb21);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(i11 >= 0 && i11 < ne11);
+
+        ggml_vec_add_f32(ne0,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 ),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01),
+                (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i11*nb11));
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_add_id(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_add_id_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("unsupported type for ggml_compute_forward_add_id: %s", ggml_type_name(src0->type));
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_add1
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
+        GGML_UNUSED(ggml_vec_add1_f32);
+
+        vDSP_vadd(
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01), 1,
+                (float *) ((char *) src1->data), 0,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 ), 1,
+                ne0);
+#else
+        ggml_vec_add1_f32(ne0,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 ),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01),
+               *(float *) src1->data);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
+
+    // scalar to add
+    const float v = *(float *) src1->data;
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+
+        ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
+        ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
+        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
+            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f16(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
+
+    // scalar to add
+    const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) src1->data);
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+
+        ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
+        ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
+        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
+            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_q_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
+
+    // scalar to add
+    const float v = *(float *) src1->data;
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const ggml_type type = src0->type;
+    ggml_to_float_t const dequantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits(type)->to_float;
+    ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(type)->from_float;
+
+    // we don't support permuted src0
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ggml_type_size(type));
+
+    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_quantized(src0->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == src0->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    float * wdata = (float *) params->wdata + (ne0 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+
+        void  * src0_row = (void *) ((char *) src0->data + (i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03));
+        void  * dst_row  = (void *) ((char *)  dst->data + (i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb0 ));
+
+        assert(ne0 % 32 == 0);
+
+        // unquantize row from src0 to temp buffer
+        dequantize_row_q(src0_row, wdata, ne0);
+        // add src1
+        ggml_vec_acc1_f32(ne0, wdata, v);
+        // quantize row to dst
+        quantize_row_q(wdata, dst_row, ne0);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
+
+    // scalar to add
+    const float v = *(float *) src1->data;
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+
+        ggml_bf16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
+        ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
+        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
+            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_bf16(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
+
+    // scalar to add
+    const float v = GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(*(ggml_bf16_t *) src1->data);
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+
+        ggml_bf16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
+        ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
+        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
+            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-    if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+void ggml_compute_forward_add1(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-                        memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-                        if (++i10 == ne00) {
-                            i10 = 0;
-                            if (++i11 == ne01) {
-                                i11 = 0;
-                                if (++i12 == ne02) {
-                                    i12 = 0;
-                                    if (++i13 == ne03) {
-                                        i13 = 0;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_add1_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f16(params, dst);
                 }
-                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+                else if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f32(params, dst);
                 }
-            }
-        }
-    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+                else {
+                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
                 }
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
-
-                        *(ggml_fp16_t *) dst_ptr = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(*(const ggml_bf16_t *) src0_ptr));
-
-                        if (++i10 == ne0) {
-                            i10 = 0;
-                            if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                                i11 = 0;
-                                if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                                    i12 = 0;
-                                    if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                        i13 = 0;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_bf16(params, dst);
                 }
-                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+                else if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_f32(params, dst);
+                }
+                else {
+                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
                 }
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_add1_q_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
+    }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_acc
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_acc_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    // view src0 and dst with these strides and data offset inbytes during acc
+    // nb0 is implicitly element_size because src0 and dst are contiguous
+    size_t nb1     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
+    size_t nb2     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    size_t nb3     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
+    size_t offset  = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
+    bool   inplace = (bool) ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+
+    if (!inplace) {
+        if (params->ith == 0) {
+            // memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions.
+            // => do it in INIT phase
+            memcpy(
+                ((char *)  dst->data),
+                ((char *) src0->data),
+                ggml_nbytes(dst));
         }
-    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+    }
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src1);
+    const int nc = src1->ne[0];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne1, src1, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb1, src1, nb)
+
+    // src0 and dst as viewed during acc
+    const size_t nb0 = ggml_element_size(src0);
+
+    const size_t nb00 = nb0;
+    const size_t nb01 = nb1;
+    const size_t nb02 = nb2;
+    const size_t nb03 = nb3;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(offset + (ne10 == 0 ? 0 : ne10-1)*nb0  + (ne11 == 0 ? 0 : ne11-1)*nb1  + (ne12 == 0 ? 0 : ne12-1)*nb2  + (ne13 == 0 ? 0 : ne13-1)*nb3  < ggml_nbytes(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(offset + (ne10 == 0 ? 0 : ne10-1)*nb00 + (ne11 == 0 ? 0 : ne11-1)*nb01 + (ne12 == 0 ? 0 : ne12-1)*nb02 + (ne13 == 0 ? 0 : ne13-1)*nb03 < ggml_nbytes(src0));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        // src0 and dst are viewed with shape of src1 and offset
+        // => same indices
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne12*ne11);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne12*ne11)/ne11;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne12*ne11 - i2*ne11);
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
+        vDSP_vadd(
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + offset), 1,
+                (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i3*nb13 + i2*nb12 + i1*nb11), 1,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + offset), 1, nc);
+#else
+        ggml_vec_add_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + offset),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + offset),
+                (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i3*nb13 + i2*nb12 + i1*nb11));
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_acc(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-                        *(float *) dst_ptr = GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(*(const ggml_bf16_t *) src0_ptr);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-                        if (++i10 == ne0) {
-                            i10 = 0;
-                            if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                                i11 = 0;
-                                if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                                    i12 = 0;
-                                    if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                        i13 = 0;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_acc_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
-        }
-    } else {
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f32(
+// ggml_compute_forward_sum
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(dst) == ggml_nelements(src0));
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    assert(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
+    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
 
-    const int ith = params->ith; // thread index
-    const int nth = params->nth; // number of threads
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
 
-    // parallelize by rows
-    const int nr = ne01;
-    // number of rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1) / nth;
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr * ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    ggml_float sum     = 0;
+    ggml_float row_sum = 0;
 
-    if (src0->type == dst->type &&
-        ne00 == ne0 &&
-        nb00 == ggml_type_size(src0->type) && nb0 == ggml_type_size(dst->type)) {
-        // copy by rows
-        const size_t rs = ne00*nb00;
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    memcpy(
-                        ((char *)  dst->data + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3),
-                        ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03),
-                        rs);
-                }
+    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
+                ggml_vec_sum_f32_ggf(ne00,
+                        &row_sum,
+                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
+                sum += row_sum;
             }
         }
+    }
+    ((float *) dst->data)[0] = sum;
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_f16(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+          ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-        // TODO: simplify
-        if (nb00 == sizeof(float)) {
-            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                const size_t rs = ne00 * nb00;
-                char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
+    assert(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += rs * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const char * src0_ptr = (char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
-                            memcpy(dst_ptr + id, src0_ptr, rs);
-                            id += rs;
-                        }
-                        id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float) {
-                ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float;
+    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
 
-                size_t id = 0;
-                size_t rs = nb0 * (ne00 / ggml_blck_size(dst->type));
-                char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += rs * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            const float * src0_ptr = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                            quantize_row_q(src0_ptr, dst_ptr + id, ne00);
-                            id += rs;
-                        }
-                        id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
+    float sum = 0;
+    float row_sum = 0;
+
+    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
+                ggml_vec_sum_f16_ggf(ne00,
+                    &row_sum,
+                    (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01 * nb01 + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03));
+                sum += row_sum;
             }
-        } else {
-            //printf("%s: this is not optimal - fix me\n", __func__);
+        }
+    }
+    ((ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data)[0] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(sum);
+}
 
-            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                float * dst_ptr = (float *) dst->data;
+static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_bf16(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+          ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const float * src0_ptr = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-                                dst_ptr[id] = *src0_ptr;
-                                id++;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data;
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const float * src0_ptr = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    assert(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
 
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(*src0_ptr);
-                                id++;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-                size_t id = 0;
-                ggml_bf16_t * dst_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) dst->data;
+    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
 
-                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                        id += ne00 * ir0;
-                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                                const float * src0_ptr = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
 
-                                dst_ptr[id] = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(*src0_ptr);
-                                id++;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
+    float sum = 0;
+    float row_sum = 0;
+
+    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
+                ggml_vec_sum_bf16_ggf(ne00,
+                    &row_sum,
+                    (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01 * nb01 + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03));
+                sum += row_sum;
             }
         }
+    }
+    ((ggml_bf16_t *) dst->data)[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(sum);
+}
 
-        return;
+void ggml_compute_forward_sum(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_sum_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_sum_f16(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_sum_bf16(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
     }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_cumsum
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_cumsum_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
 
-    // dst counters
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    int64_t i10 = 0;
-    int64_t i11 = 0;
-    int64_t i12 = 0;
-    int64_t i13 = 0;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == ne00);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne1 == ne01);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == ne02);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne3 == ne03);
 
-    if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+    const auto [ir0, ir1] = get_thread_range(params, src0);
 
-                        memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, sizeof(float));
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t i03 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int64_t i01 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01 - i02*ne01);
 
-                        if (++i10 == ne0) {
-                            i10 = 0;
-                            if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                                i11 = 0;
-                                if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                                    i12 = 0;
-                                    if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                        i13 = 0;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+        float * src_row = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+        float * dst_row = (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3);
 
-                        *(ggml_fp16_t *) dst_ptr = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(*(const float *) src0_ptr);
+        ggml_vec_cumsum_f32(ne00, dst_row, src_row);
+    }
+}
 
-                        if (++i10 == ne0) {
-                            i10 = 0;
-                            if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                                i11 = 0;
-                                if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                                    i12 = 0;
-                                    if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                        i13 = 0;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+void ggml_compute_forward_cumsum(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-                        *(ggml_bf16_t *) dst_ptr = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(*(const float *) src0_ptr);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-                        if (++i10 == ne0) {
-                            i10 = 0;
-                            if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                                i11 = 0;
-                                if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                                    i12 = 0;
-                                    if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                        i13 = 0;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-                while (i10 >= ne0) {
-                    i10 -= ne0;
-                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                        i11 = 0;
-                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                            i12 = 0;
-                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                i13 = 0;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_cumsum_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
-        }
-    } else {
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
     }
 }
 
-// A simplified version of ggml_compute_forward_dup that doesn't do float upcasting, and just plain old memcpy.
-static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_bytes(
+// ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(dst) == ggml_nelements(src0));
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS;
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-        ggml_compute_forward_dup_same_cont(params, dst);
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const size_t type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
 
-    const int ith = params->ith; // thread index
-    const int nth = params->nth; // number of threads
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    // parallelize by rows
-    const int nr = ne01;
-    // number of rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1) / nth;
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr * ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne1 == ne01);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == ne02);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne3 == ne03);
 
-    if (src0->type == dst->type &&
-        ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst) &&
-        nb00 == type_size && nb0 == type_size) {
-        // copy by rows
-        const size_t rs = ggml_row_size(src0->type, ne00);
-        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                    memcpy(
-                        ((char *)  dst->data + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3),
-                        ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03),
-                        rs);
-                }
+    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne03; i3++) {
+        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne02; i2++) {
+            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne01; i1++) {
+                float * src_row = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
+                float * dst_row = (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
+                float row_sum = 0;
+                ggml_vec_sum_f32(ne00, &row_sum, src_row);
+                dst_row[0] = row_sum;
             }
         }
-        return;
     }
+}
 
-    if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-        size_t id = 0;
-        char * dst_ptr = (char *) dst->data;
-        const size_t rs = ne00 * type_size;
+void ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-        if (nb00 == type_size) {
-            // src0 is contigous on first dimension, copy by rows
-            for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                    id += rs * ir0;
-                    for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                        const char * src0_ptr = (char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
-                        memcpy(dst_ptr + id, src0_ptr, rs);
-                        id += rs;
-                    }
-                    id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
-                }
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
-        } else {
-            //printf("%s: this is not optimal - fix me\n", __func__);
+    }
+}
 
-            for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-                for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-                    id += rs * ir0;
-                    for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                        for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                            const char * src0_ptr = (char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
-                            memcpy(dst_ptr + id, src0_ptr, type_size);
+// ggml_compute_forward_mean
 
-                            id += type_size;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    id += rs * (ne01 - ir1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+static void ggml_compute_forward_mean_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // dst counters
-    int64_t k10 = 0;
-    int64_t i11 = 0;
-    int64_t i12 = 0;
-    int64_t i13 = 0;
+    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
 
-    // number of blocks in a row
-    const int64_t nk00 = ne00 / ggml_blck_size(src0->type);
-    const int64_t nk0  = ne0  / ggml_blck_size(dst->type);
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    assert(ne0 == 1);
+    assert(ne1 == ne01);
+    assert(ne2 == ne02);
+    assert(ne3 == ne03);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
 
     for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
         for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-            k10 += nk00 * ir0;
-            while (k10 >= nk0) {
-                k10 -= nk0;
-                if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                    i11 = 0;
-                    if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                        i12 = 0;
-                        if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                            i13 = 0;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
-                for (int64_t k00 = 0; k00 < nk00; k00++) {
-                    const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + k00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
-                          char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + k10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
-
-                    memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, type_size);
+            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
+                ggml_vec_sum_f32(ne00,
+                        (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3),
+                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
 
-                    if (++k10 == nk0) {
-                        k10 = 0;
-                        if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                            i11 = 0;
-                            if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                                i12 = 0;
-                                if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                                    i13 = 0;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            k10 += nk00 * (ne01 - ir1);
-            while (k10 >= nk0) {
-                k10 -= nk0;
-                if (++i11 == ne1) {
-                    i11 = 0;
-                    if (++i12 == ne2) {
-                        i12 = 0;
-                        if (++i13 == ne3) {
-                            i13 = 0;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+                *(float *) ((char *) dst->data + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3) /= (float) ne00;
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_q(
+void ggml_compute_forward_mean(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
-              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
-
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-    const ggml_type type = src0->type;
-    ggml_to_float_t const dequantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits(type)->to_float;
 
-    size_t qk = ggml_blck_size(type);
-    const int64_t nr = ggml_nelements(src1) / qk;
-
-    // destination must be contiguous in the first dimension
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == ggml_type_size(dst->type));
-    // must either have first dimension large enough to hold a row, or fully contiguous
-    GGML_ASSERT((ne10 % qk) == 0 || ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_mean_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
 
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
+// ggml_compute_forward_argmax
 
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+static void ggml_compute_forward_argmax_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-        uint32_t i = ir * qk;
+    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    assert(dst->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
 
-        const int64_t i03 = i/(ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
-        const int64_t i02 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 )/ (ne00*ne01);
-        const int64_t i01 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02  -  i02*ne01*ne00) / ne00;
-        const int64_t i00 = i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 - i02*ne01*ne00 - i01*ne00;
-        const int64_t x_offset = (i00/qk)*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03 * nb03;
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
 
-        const int64_t i13 = i/(ne10 * ne11 * ne12);
-        const int64_t i12 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12) / (ne10*ne11);
-        const int64_t i11 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11) / ne10;
-        const int64_t i10 = i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11 - i11*ne10;
-        const int64_t dst_offset = i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
+    const size_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];
 
-        dequantize_row_q(
-                (const void *) ((char *) src0->data + x_offset),
-                     (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + dst_offset), qk);
+    for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne01; i1++) {
+        float * src = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*nb01);
+        int32_t * dst_ = (int32_t *) ((char *)  dst->data + i1*nb0);
+        int v = 0;
+        ggml_vec_argmax_f32(ne00, &v, src);
+        dst_[0] = v;
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_dup(
+void ggml_compute_forward_argmax(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (src0->type == dst->type) {
-        ggml_compute_forward_dup_bytes(params, dst);
-        return;
-    }
-
     switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_dup_f16(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_dup_bf16(params, dst);
-            } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_dup_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_argmax_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
-                if (ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                    ggml_compute_forward_dup_q(params, dst);
-                    break;
-                }
                 GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_add
+// ggml_compute_forward_count_equal
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_add_q_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_count_equal_i32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1) && ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
 
-    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I64);
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const ggml_type type = src0->type;
-    const ggml_type dtype = dst->type;
-    ggml_to_float_t const dequantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits(type)->to_float;
-    ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dtype)->from_float;
-
-    // we don't support permuted src0 or src1
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ggml_type_size(type));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
-
-    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_quantized(src0->type));
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    int64_t * sums = (int64_t *) params->wdata;
+    int64_t sum_thread = 0;
 
     // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+    const int64_t dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
     // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-
-    float * wdata = (float *) params->wdata + (ne00 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
-
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 indices
-        const int i03 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
-        const int i02 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
-        const int i01 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01 - i02*ne01);
-
-        // src1 and dst are same shape as src0 => same indices
-        const int i13 = i03;
-        const int i12 = i02;
-        const int i11 = i01;
+    const int64_t ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int64_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-        const int i3 = i03;
-        const int i2 = i02;
-        const int i1 = i01;
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t i03 =  ir                        / (ne02*ne01);
+        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne03)            /       ne01;
+        const int64_t i01 =  ir - i03*ne03 - i02*ne02;
 
-        void  * src0_row = (void *) ((char *) src0->data + (i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
-        float * src1_row = (float *)((char *) src1->data + (i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13));
-        void  * dst_row  = (void *) ((char *)  dst->data + ( i1*nb1  +  i2*nb2  +  i3*nb3));
+        const char * data0 = (const char *) src0->data + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01;
+        const char * data1 = (const char *) src1->data + i03*nb13 + i02*nb12 + i01*nb11;
 
-        assert(ne00 % 32 == 0);
+        for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; ++i00) {
+            const int32_t val0 = *((const int32_t *) (data0 + i00*nb00));
+            const int32_t val1 = *((const int32_t *) (data1 + i00*nb10));
 
-        // unquantize row from src0 to temp buffer
-        dequantize_row_q(src0_row, wdata, ne00);
-        // add src1
-        ggml_vec_acc_f32(ne00, wdata, src1_row);
-        // quantize row to dst
-        if (quantize_row_q != NULL) {
-            quantize_row_q(wdata, dst_row, ne00);
-        } else {
-            memcpy(dst_row, wdata, ne0*nb0);
+            sum_thread += val0 == val1;
         }
     }
+    if (ith != 0) {
+        sums[ith] = sum_thread;
+    }
+    ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+    if (ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (int ith_other = 1; ith_other < nth; ++ith_other) {
+        sum_thread += sums[ith_other];
+    }
+    *((int64_t *) dst->data) = sum_thread;
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_add(
+void ggml_compute_forward_count_equal(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_add_non_quantized(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_add_q_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_count_equal_i32(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -1324,608 +1687,509 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_add(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_add1
+// ggml_compute_forward_repeat
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
 
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(src0, dst));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(float));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
-
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
-
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
-        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
-        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
-        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+    // guaranteed to be an integer due to the check in ggml_can_repeat
+    const int nr0 = (int)(ne0/ne00);
+    const int nr1 = (int)(ne1/ne01);
+    const int nr2 = (int)(ne2/ne02);
+    const int nr3 = (int)(ne3/ne03);
 
-#ifdef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
-        GGML_UNUSED(ggml_vec_add1_f32);
+    // TODO: support for transposed / permuted tensors
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
 
-        vDSP_vadd(
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01), 1,
-                (float *) ((char *) src1->data), 0,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 ), 1,
-                ne0);
-#else
-        ggml_vec_add1_f32(ne0,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 ),
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01),
-               *(float *) src1->data);
-#endif
+    // TODO: maybe this is not optimal?
+    for                         (int i3 = 0; i3 < nr3;  i3++) {
+        for                     (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne03; k3++) {
+            for                 (int i2 = 0; i2 < nr2;  i2++) {
+                for             (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne02; k2++) {
+                    for         (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr1;  i1++) {
+                        for     (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne01; k1++) {
+                            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nr0;  i0++) {
+                                ggml_vec_cpy_f32(ne00,
+                                        (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (i3*ne03 + k3)*nb3  + (i2*ne02 + k2)*nb2  + (i1*ne01 + k1)*nb1  + (i0*ne00)*nb0),
+                                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + (          k3)*nb03 + (          k2)*nb02 + (          k1)*nb01));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f16(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
 
-    // scalar to add
-    const float v = *(float *) src1->data;
-
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(src0, dst));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    // guaranteed to be an integer due to the check in ggml_can_repeat
+    const int nr0 = (int)(ne0/ne00);
+    const int nr1 = (int)(ne1/ne01);
+    const int nr2 = (int)(ne2/ne02);
+    const int nr3 = (int)(ne3/ne03);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    // TODO: support for transposed / permuted tensors
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
     GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
 
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
-
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
-        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
-        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
-        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
-
-        ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
-        ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
-        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
-            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+    // TODO: maybe this is not optimal?
+    for                         (int i3 = 0; i3 < nr3;  i3++) {
+        for                     (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne03; k3++) {
+            for                 (int i2 = 0; i2 < nr2;  i2++) {
+                for             (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne02; k2++) {
+                    for         (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr1;  i1++) {
+                        for     (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne01; k1++) {
+                            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nr0;  i0++) {
+                                ggml_fp16_t * y = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *)  dst->data + (i3*ne03 + k3)*nb3  + (i2*ne02 + k2)*nb2  + (i1*ne01 + k1)*nb1  + (i0*ne00)*nb0);
+                                ggml_fp16_t * x = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + (          k3)*nb03 + (          k2)*nb02 + (          k1)*nb01);
+                                // ggml_vec_cpy_f16(ne00, y, x)
+                                for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
+                                    y[i]  = x[i];
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f16(
+void ggml_compute_forward_repeat(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_I16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f16(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        // TODO: templateify the implementation and support for I64
+        //       ref https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14274#discussion_r2169492225
+        //case GGML_TYPE_I64:
+        //    {
+        //        ggml_compute_forward_repeat_i64(params, dst);
+        //    } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
 
-    // scalar to add
-    const float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) src1->data);
+// ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back
 
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
+static void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(dst, src0));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+    // guaranteed to be an integer due to the check in ggml_can_repeat
+    const int nr0 = (int)(ne00/ne0);
+    const int nr1 = (int)(ne01/ne1);
+    const int nr2 = (int)(ne02/ne2);
+    const int nr3 = (int)(ne03/ne3);
 
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    // TODO: support for transposed / permuted tensors
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
 
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
-        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
-        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
-        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        ggml_vec_set_f32(ne0*ne1*ne2*ne3, (float *)dst->data, 0);
+    } else {
+        for         (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne3; k3++) {
+            for     (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne2; k2++) {
+                for (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne1; k1++) {
+                    ggml_vec_set_f32(ne0,
+                        (float *) ((char *) dst->data + k1*nb1 + k2*nb2 + k3*nb3),
+                        0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-        ggml_fp16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
-        ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
-        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
-            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+    // TODO: maybe this is not optimal?
+    for                         (int i3 = 0; i3 < nr3; i3++) {
+        for                     (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne3; k3++) {
+            for                 (int i2 = 0; i2 < nr2; i2++) {
+                for             (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne2; k2++) {
+                    for         (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr1; i1++) {
+                        for     (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne1; k1++) {
+                            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nr0; i0++) {
+                                ggml_vec_acc_f32(ne0,
+                                        (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (         k3)*nb3  + (         k2)*nb2  + (         k1)*nb1),
+                                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + (i3*ne3 + k3)*nb03 + (i2*ne2 + k2)*nb02 + (i1*ne1 + k1)*nb01 + (i0*ne0)*nb00));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_q_f32(
+void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
-
-    // scalar to add
-    const float v = *(float *) src1->data;
-
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
-
-    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-    const ggml_type type = src0->type;
-    ggml_to_float_t const dequantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits(type)->to_float;
-    ggml_from_float_t const quantize_row_q = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(type)->from_float;
-
-    // we don't support permuted src0
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ggml_type_size(type));
 
-    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_quantized(src0->type));
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == src0->type);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
-
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-
-    float * wdata = (float *) params->wdata + (ne0 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
-
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
-        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
-        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
-        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
-
-        void  * src0_row = (void *) ((char *) src0->data + (i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03));
-        void  * dst_row  = (void *) ((char *)  dst->data + (i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb0 ));
-
-        assert(ne0 % 32 == 0);
-
-        // unquantize row from src0 to temp buffer
-        dequantize_row_q(src0_row, wdata, ne0);
-        // add src1
-        ggml_vec_acc1_f32(ne0, wdata, v);
-        // quantize row to dst
-        quantize_row_q(wdata, dst_row, ne0);
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_f32(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+// ggml_compute_forward_concat
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_any(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
-
-    // scalar to add
-    const float v = *(float *) src1->data;
+    const size_t len = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
 
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+    const char * x;
 
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
+    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
+        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
+                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
+                        x = (const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03;
+                    } else {
+                        x = (const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13;
+                    }
 
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
-        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
-        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
-        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+                    char * y = (char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3;
 
-        ggml_bf16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
-        ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
-        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
-            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+                    memcpy(y, x, len);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_bf16(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_i8(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(src1));
-
-    // scalar to add
-    const float v = GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(*(ggml_bf16_t *) src1->data);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_type_size(src0->type) == sizeof(int8_t));
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nr  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
 
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+    const int8_t * x;
 
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
+    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
+        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
+                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
+                        x = (const int8_t *) ((const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03);
+                    } else {
+                        x = (const int8_t *) ((const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13);
+                    }
 
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 and dst are same shape => same indices
-        const int i3 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
-        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
-        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne2*ne1 - i2*ne1);
+                    int8_t * y = (int8_t *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
 
-        ggml_bf16_t * dst_ptr  = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1 );
-        ggml_bf16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
-        for (int i = 0; i < ne0; i++) {
-            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]) + v);
+                    *y = *x;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_add1(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_f16(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_add1_f32(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f16(params, dst);
-                }
-                else if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_f16_f32(params, dst);
-                }
-                else {
-                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-            {
-                if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_bf16(params, dst);
-                }
-                else if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                    ggml_compute_forward_add1_bf16_f32(params, dst);
-                }
-                else {
-                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_add1_q_f32(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        default:
-            {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-            }
-    }
-}
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_type_size(src0->type) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_acc
+    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_acc_f32(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
 
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    const ggml_fp16_t * x;
 
-    // view src0 and dst with these strides and data offset inbytes during acc
-    // nb0 is implicitly element_size because src0 and dst are contiguous
-    size_t nb1     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-    size_t nb2     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
-    size_t nb3     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
-    size_t offset  = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
-    bool   inplace = (bool) ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
+    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
+        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
+                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
+                        x = (const ggml_fp16_t *) ((const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03);
+                    } else {
+                        x = (const ggml_fp16_t *) ((const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13);
+                    }
 
-    if (!inplace) {
-        if (params->ith == 0) {
-            // memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions.
-            // => do it in INIT phase
-            memcpy(
-                ((char *)  dst->data),
-                ((char *) src0->data),
-                ggml_nbytes(dst));
+                    ggml_fp16_t * y = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
+
+                    *y = *x;
+                }
+            }
         }
-        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
     }
+}
 
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
+static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_f32(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src1);
-    const int nc = src1->ne[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne1, src1, ne)
-    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb1, src1, nb)
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_type_size(src0->type) == sizeof(float));
 
-    // src0 and dst as viewed during acc
-    const size_t nb0 = ggml_element_size(src0);
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const size_t nb00 = nb0;
-    const size_t nb01 = nb1;
-    const size_t nb02 = nb2;
-    const size_t nb03 = nb3;
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(offset + (ne10 == 0 ? 0 : ne10-1)*nb0  + (ne11 == 0 ? 0 : ne11-1)*nb1  + (ne12 == 0 ? 0 : ne12-1)*nb2  + (ne13 == 0 ? 0 : ne13-1)*nb3  < ggml_nbytes(dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(offset + (ne10 == 0 ? 0 : ne10-1)*nb00 + (ne11 == 0 ? 0 : ne11-1)*nb01 + (ne12 == 0 ? 0 : ne12-1)*nb02 + (ne13 == 0 ? 0 : ne13-1)*nb03 < ggml_nbytes(src0));
+    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
 
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
 
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    const float * x;
 
-    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        // src0 and dst are viewed with shape of src1 and offset
-        // => same indices
-        const int i3 = ir/(ne12*ne11);
-        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne12*ne11)/ne11;
-        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne12*ne11 - i2*ne11);
+    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
+    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
+        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
+                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
+                        x = (const float *) ((const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03);
+                    } else {
+                        x = (const float *) ((const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13);
+                    }
 
-#ifdef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
-        vDSP_vadd(
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + offset), 1,
-                (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i3*nb13 + i2*nb12 + i1*nb11), 1,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + offset), 1, nc);
-#else
-        ggml_vec_add_f32(nc,
-                (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + offset),
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + offset),
-                (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i3*nb13 + i2*nb12 + i1*nb11));
-#endif
+                    float * y = (float *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
+
+                    *y = *x;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_acc(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+void ggml_compute_forward_concat(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_I16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_concat_f16(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I8:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_concat_i8(params, dst);
+            } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_acc_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_concat_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
-        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
         default:
             {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                ggml_compute_forward_concat_any(params, dst);
             }
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_sum
+// ggml_compute_forward_gelu
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    assert(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
-    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
-    ggml_float sum     = 0;
-    ggml_float row_sum = 0;
-
-    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
-                ggml_vec_sum_f32_ggf(ne00,
-                        &row_sum,
-                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
-                sum += row_sum;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    ((float *) dst->data)[0] = sum;
-}
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_f16(
-    const ggml_compute_params * params,
-          ggml_tensor * dst) {
-
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    assert(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
-    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
-    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
 
-    float sum = 0;
-    float row_sum = 0;
+        ggml_vec_gelu_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
 
-    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
-                ggml_vec_sum_f16_ggf(ne00,
-                    &row_sum,
-                    (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01 * nb01 + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03));
-                sum += row_sum;
-            }
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*(dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            GGML_UNUSED(x);
+            assert(!isnan(x));
+            assert(!isinf(x));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
-    ((ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data)[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(sum);
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_bf16(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
-          ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    assert(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
-
-    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_bf16_t));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
-    float sum = 0;
-    float row_sum = 0;
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
-                ggml_vec_sum_bf16_ggf(ne00,
-                    &row_sum,
-                    (ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i01 * nb01 + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03));
-                sum += row_sum;
-            }
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
+
+        ggml_vec_gelu_f16(nc,
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const ggml_fp16_t x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+            GGML_UNUSED(v);
+            assert(!isnan(v));
+            assert(!isinf(v));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
-    ((ggml_bf16_t *) dst->data)[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(sum);
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_sum(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -1934,15 +2198,11 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_sum(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_sum_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_sum_f16(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_sum_bf16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -1951,108 +2211,75 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_sum(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows_f32(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+// ggml_compute_fill
 
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+static void ggml_compute_forward_fill_f32(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const float c = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0);
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne, dst, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb, dst, nb);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    const auto [ir0, ir1] = get_thread_range(params, dst);
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t i03 = ir/(ne2*ne1);
+        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne2*ne1)/ne1;
+        const int64_t i01 = (ir - i03*ne2*ne1 - i02*ne1);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == 1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne1 == ne01);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == ne02);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne3 == ne03);
+        float * dst_ptr  = (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i03*nb3 + i02*nb2 + i01*nb1);
 
-    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne03; i3++) {
-        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne02; i2++) {
-            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne01; i1++) {
-                float * src_row = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
-                float * dst_row = (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
-                float row_sum = 0;
-                ggml_vec_sum_f32(ne00, &row_sum, src_row);
-                dst_row[0] = row_sum;
-            }
-        }
+        ggml_vec_set_f32(ne0, dst_ptr, c);
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
-
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows_f32(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        default:
-            {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-            }
-    }
+void ggml_compute_forward_fill(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_compute_forward_fill_f32(params, dst);
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_mean
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_mean_f32(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+// ggml_compute_tri
 
+static void ggml_compute_forward_tri_f32(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
+    const ggml_tri_type ttype = (ggml_tri_type) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
 
-    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    assert(ne0 == 1);
-    assert(ne1 == ne01);
-    assert(ne2 == ne02);
-    assert(ne3 == ne03);
+    const auto [ir0, ir1] = get_thread_range(params, src0);
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne0);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne2);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
+    bool (*bipred)(int, int);
 
-    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
-        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
-            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
-                ggml_vec_sum_f32(ne00,
-                        (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3),
-                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
+    switch (ttype) {
+        case GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER:      bipred = [](int i, int r) { return i <  r; }; break;
+        case GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG: bipred = [](int i, int r) { return i <= r; }; break;
+        case GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER:      bipred = [](int i, int r) { return i >  r; }; break;
+        case GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER_DIAG: bipred = [](int i, int r) { return i >= r; }; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("invalid tri type");
+    }
 
-                *(float *) ((char *) dst->data + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3) /= (float) ne00;
-            }
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t i03 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int64_t i01 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01 - i02*ne01);
+
+        const float * src_ptr = (const float  *) ((const char *) src0->data + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01);
+              float * dst_ptr = (      float  *) ((      char *) dst->data  + i03*nb3  + i02*nb2  + i01*nb1);
+
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; ++i0) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = bipred(i0, i01) ? src_ptr[i0] : 0.0f;
         }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_mean(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
-
+void ggml_compute_forward_tri(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_mean_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_tri_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2061,126 +2288,117 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_mean(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_argmax
+// ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_argmax_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
-    assert(dst->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
-    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
-    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const size_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];
-    const size_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne01; i1++) {
-        float * src = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*nb01);
-        int32_t * dst_ = (int32_t *) ((char *)  dst->data + i1*nb0);
-        int v = 0;
-        ggml_vec_argmax_f32(ne00, &v, src);
-        dst_[0] = v;
-    }
-}
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_argmax(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
 
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_argmax_f32(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        default:
-            {
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-            }
+        ggml_vec_gelu_erf_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*(dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            GGML_UNUSED(x);
+            assert(!isnan(x));
+            assert(!isinf(x));
+        }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_count_equal
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_count_equal_i32(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f16(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_scalar(dst));
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I64);
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    int64_t * sums = (int64_t *) params->wdata;
-    int64_t sum_thread = 0;
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
     // rows per thread
-    const int64_t dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
     // row range for this thread
-    const int64_t ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int64_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-
-    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
-        const int64_t i03 =  ir                        / (ne02*ne01);
-        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne03)            /       ne01;
-        const int64_t i01 =  ir - i03*ne03 - i02*ne02;
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-        const char * data0 = (const char *) src0->data + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01;
-        const char * data1 = (const char *) src1->data + i03*nb13 + i02*nb12 + i01*nb11;
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
 
-        for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; ++i00) {
-            const int32_t val0 = *((const int32_t *) (data0 + i00*nb00));
-            const int32_t val1 = *((const int32_t *) (data1 + i00*nb10));
+        ggml_vec_gelu_erf_f16(nc,
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
 
-            sum_thread += val0 == val1;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const ggml_fp16_t x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+            GGML_UNUSED(v);
+            assert(!isnan(v));
+            assert(!isinf(v));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
-    if (ith != 0) {
-        sums[ith] = sum_thread;
-    }
-    ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
-
-    if (ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    for (int ith_other = 1; ith_other < nth; ++ith_other) {
-        sum_thread += sums[ith_other];
-    }
-    *((int64_t *) dst->data) = sum_thread;
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_count_equal(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_count_equal_i32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2189,116 +2407,117 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_count_equal(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_repeat
+// ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(src0, dst));
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-    // guaranteed to be an integer due to the check in ggml_can_repeat
-    const int nr0 = (int)(ne0/ne00);
-    const int nr1 = (int)(ne1/ne01);
-    const int nr2 = (int)(ne2/ne02);
-    const int nr3 = (int)(ne3/ne03);
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
 
-    // TODO: support for transposed / permuted tensors
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(float));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
+        ggml_vec_gelu_quick_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
 
-    // TODO: maybe this is not optimal?
-    for                         (int i3 = 0; i3 < nr3;  i3++) {
-        for                     (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne03; k3++) {
-            for                 (int i2 = 0; i2 < nr2;  i2++) {
-                for             (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne02; k2++) {
-                    for         (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr1;  i1++) {
-                        for     (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne01; k1++) {
-                            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nr0;  i0++) {
-                                ggml_vec_cpy_f32(ne00,
-                                        (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (i3*ne03 + k3)*nb3  + (i2*ne02 + k2)*nb2  + (i1*ne01 + k1)*nb1  + (i0*ne00)*nb0),
-                                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + (          k3)*nb03 + (          k2)*nb02 + (          k1)*nb01));
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*(dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            GGML_UNUSED(x);
+            assert(!isnan(x));
+            assert(!isinf(x));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f16(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f16(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(src0, dst));
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    // guaranteed to be an integer due to the check in ggml_can_repeat
-    const int nr0 = (int)(ne0/ne00);
-    const int nr1 = (int)(ne1/ne01);
-    const int nr2 = (int)(ne2/ne02);
-    const int nr3 = (int)(ne3/ne03);
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    // TODO: support for transposed / permuted tensors
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
-    // TODO: maybe this is not optimal?
-    for                         (int i3 = 0; i3 < nr3;  i3++) {
-        for                     (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne03; k3++) {
-            for                 (int i2 = 0; i2 < nr2;  i2++) {
-                for             (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne02; k2++) {
-                    for         (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr1;  i1++) {
-                        for     (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne01; k1++) {
-                            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nr0;  i0++) {
-                                ggml_fp16_t * y = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *)  dst->data + (i3*ne03 + k3)*nb3  + (i2*ne02 + k2)*nb2  + (i1*ne01 + k1)*nb1  + (i0*ne00)*nb0);
-                                ggml_fp16_t * x = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + (          k3)*nb03 + (          k2)*nb02 + (          k1)*nb01);
-                                // ggml_vec_cpy_f16(ne00, y, x)
-                                for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
-                                    y[i]  = x[i];
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
+
+        ggml_vec_gelu_quick_f16(nc,
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const ggml_fp16_t x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+            GGML_UNUSED(v);
+            assert(!isnan(v));
+            assert(!isinf(v));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_repeat(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-        case GGML_TYPE_I16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2307,67 +2526,104 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_repeat(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back
+// ggml_compute_forward_silu
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(dst, src0));
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    // guaranteed to be an integer due to the check in ggml_can_repeat
-    const int nr0 = (int)(ne00/ne0);
-    const int nr1 = (int)(ne01/ne1);
-    const int nr2 = (int)(ne02/ne2);
-    const int nr3 = (int)(ne03/ne3);
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    // TODO: support for transposed / permuted tensors
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(float));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
-    if (ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-        ggml_vec_set_f32(ne0*ne1*ne2*ne3, (float *)dst->data, 0);
-    } else {
-        for         (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne3; k3++) {
-            for     (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne2; k2++) {
-                for (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne1; k1++) {
-                    ggml_vec_set_f32(ne0,
-                        (float *) ((char *) dst->data + k1*nb1 + k2*nb2 + k3*nb3),
-                        0);
-                }
-            }
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
+
+        ggml_vec_silu_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*(dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            GGML_UNUSED(x);
+            assert(!isnan(x));
+            assert(!isinf(x));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
+}
 
-    // TODO: maybe this is not optimal?
-    for                         (int i3 = 0; i3 < nr3; i3++) {
-        for                     (int k3 = 0; k3 < ne3; k3++) {
-            for                 (int i2 = 0; i2 < nr2; i2++) {
-                for             (int k2 = 0; k2 < ne2; k2++) {
-                    for         (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr1; i1++) {
-                        for     (int k1 = 0; k1 < ne1; k1++) {
-                            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nr0; i0++) {
-                                ggml_vec_acc_f32(ne0,
-                                        (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (         k3)*nb3  + (         k2)*nb2  + (         k1)*nb1),
-                                        (float *) ((char *) src0->data + (i3*ne3 + k3)*nb03 + (i2*ne2 + k2)*nb02 + (i1*ne1 + k1)*nb01 + (i0*ne0)*nb00));
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_f16(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb0, src0, nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst,  ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst,  nb)
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int i3 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int i2 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int i1 = (ir - i3*ne02*ne01 - i2*ne01);
+
+        ggml_vec_silu_f16(nc,
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1),
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01));
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const ggml_fp16_t x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+            GGML_UNUSED(v);
+            assert(!isnan(v));
+            assert(!isinf(v));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_silu(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -2376,7 +2632,11 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_silu_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_silu_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2384,228 +2644,233 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_repeat_back(
             }
     }
 }
+// ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_concat
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_any(
-    const ggml_compute_params * params,
-    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
-
-    const size_t len = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
-
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    const char * x;
+    const int n  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
 
-    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
-    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
-        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
-            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
-                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
-                        x = (const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03;
-                    } else {
-                        x = (const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13;
-                    }
+    float negative_slope;
+    memcpy(&negative_slope, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
-                    char * y = (char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3;
+    assert(dst->nb[0]  == sizeof(float));
+    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
 
-                    memcpy(y, x, len);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        ggml_vec_leaky_relu_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i*( dst->nb[1])),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i*(src0->nb[1])), negative_slope);
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_i8(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_type_size(src0->type) == sizeof(int8_t));
-
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
+    if (params->ith != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const int n  = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
+    float negative_slope;
+    memcpy(&negative_slope, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
-    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
+    assert(dst->nb[0]  == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
 
-    const int8_t * x;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        ggml_vec_leaky_relu_f16(nc,
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i*( dst->nb[1])),
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i*(src0->nb[1])), negative_slope);
+    }
+}
 
-    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
-    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
-        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
-            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
-                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
-                        x = (const int8_t *) ((const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03);
-                    } else {
-                        x = (const int8_t *) ((const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13);
-                    }
+void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-                    int8_t * y = (int8_t *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-                    *y = *x;
-                }
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f16(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
-        }
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_f16(
-    const ggml_compute_params * params,
-    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+// ggml_compute_forward_silu_back
 
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * grad = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_type_size(src0->type) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(grad));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, dst));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, grad));
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
-
-    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
+    const int nc = src1->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src1);
 
-    const ggml_fp16_t * x;
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
-    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
-    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
-        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
-            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
-                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
-                        x = (const ggml_fp16_t *) ((const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03);
-                    } else {
-                        x = (const ggml_fp16_t *) ((const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13);
-                    }
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-                    ggml_fp16_t * y = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
+    for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
+        ggml_vec_silu_backward_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
+                (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i1*(src1->nb[1])),
+                (float *) ((char *) grad->data + i1*(grad->nb[1])));
 
-                    *y = *x;
-                }
-            }
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            GGML_UNUSED(x);
+            assert(!isnan(x));
+            assert(!isinf(x));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_concat_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * grad = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_type_size(src0->type) == sizeof(float));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(grad));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, dst));
+    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, grad));
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-    const int32_t dim = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim < 4);
-
-    int64_t o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-    o[dim] = src0->ne[dim];
+    const int nc = src1->ne[0];
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src1);
 
-    const float * x;
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
-    // TODO: smarter multi-theading
-    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
-        for (int i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
-            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
-                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
-                        x = (const float *) ((const char *)src0->data + (i0       )*nb00 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i3       )*nb03);
-                    } else {
-                        x = (const float *) ((const char *)src1->data + (i0 - o[0])*nb10 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13);
-                    }
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-                    float * y = (float *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
+    for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
+        ggml_vec_silu_backward_f16(nc,
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src1->data + i1*(src1->nb[1])),
+                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) grad->data + i1*(grad->nb[1])));
 
-                    *y = *x;
-                }
-            }
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+            GGML_UNUSED(v);
+            assert(!isnan(v));
+            assert(!isinf(v));
         }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_concat(
-    const ggml_compute_params * params,
-    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-        case GGML_TYPE_I16:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_concat_f16(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_I8:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_concat_i8(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_concat_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_concat_any(params, dst);
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_gelu
+// ggml_compute_forward_reglu
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_reglu_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
     const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
@@ -2614,9 +2879,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f32(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_gelu_f32(nc,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        float * src0_p = (float *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        float * src1_p = (float *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_reglu_f32(nc, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
@@ -2625,26 +2896,40 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f32(
             assert(!isnan(x));
             assert(!isinf(x));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f16(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_reglu_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
     const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
@@ -2653,9 +2938,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f16(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_gelu_f16(nc,
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        ggml_fp16_t * src0_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        ggml_fp16_t * src1_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_reglu_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
@@ -2665,11 +2956,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f16(
             assert(!isnan(v));
             assert(!isinf(v));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_reglu(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -2678,11 +2969,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_reglu_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_f16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_reglu_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2691,24 +2982,38 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf
+// ggml_compute_forward_geglu
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
     const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
@@ -2717,9 +3022,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f32(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_gelu_erf_f32(nc,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        float * src0_p = (float *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        float * src1_p = (float *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_geglu_f32(nc, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
@@ -2728,26 +3039,40 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f32(
             assert(!isnan(x));
             assert(!isinf(x));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f16(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
     const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
@@ -2756,9 +3081,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f16(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_gelu_erf_f16(nc,
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        ggml_fp16_t * src0_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        ggml_fp16_t * src1_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_geglu_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
@@ -2768,11 +3099,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f16(
             assert(!isnan(v));
             assert(!isinf(v));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -2781,11 +3112,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf_f16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2794,24 +3125,38 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_erf(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick
+// ggml_compute_forward_swiglu
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
     const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
@@ -2820,9 +3165,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f32(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_gelu_quick_f32(nc,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        float * src0_p = (float *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        float * src1_p = (float *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_swiglu_f32(nc, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
@@ -2831,26 +3182,40 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f32(
             assert(!isnan(x));
             assert(!isinf(x));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f16(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
     const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
@@ -2859,9 +3224,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f16(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_gelu_quick_f16(nc,
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        ggml_fp16_t * src0_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        ggml_fp16_t * src1_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_swiglu_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
@@ -2871,11 +3242,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f16(
             assert(!isnan(v));
             assert(!isinf(v));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_swiglu(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -2884,11 +3255,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick_f16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2897,24 +3268,40 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_gelu_quick(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_silu
+// ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_oai
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_oai_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
     const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const float alpha = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2);
+    const float limit = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 3);
+
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
 
@@ -2923,62 +3310,34 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_f32(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_silu_f32(nc,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        float * src0_p = (float *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        float * src1_p = (float *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+        float * dst_p  = (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1]));
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
-            const float x = ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])))[k];
-            GGML_UNUSED(x);
-            assert(!isnan(x));
-            assert(!isinf(x));
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
         }
-#endif
-    }
-}
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_f16(
-    const ggml_compute_params * params,
-    ggml_tensor * dst) {
-
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
-
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
-    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
-
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-    for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_silu_f16(nc,
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*(src0->nb[1])));
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = std::min(src0_p[k], limit);
+            const float y = std::clamp(src1_p[k], -limit, limit);
+            const float out_glu = x / (1.f + expf(alpha * (-x)));
+            dst_p[k] = out_glu * (y + 1.f);
+        }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
-            const ggml_fp16_t x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])))[k];
-            const float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
-            GGML_UNUSED(v);
-            assert(!isnan(v));
-            assert(!isinf(v));
+            const float x = dst_p[k];
+            GGML_UNUSED(x);
+            assert(!isnan(x));
+            assert(!isinf(x));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_silu(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_oai(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -2987,11 +3346,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_silu(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_silu_f32(params, dst);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_silu_f16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_oai_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -2999,69 +3354,129 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_silu(
             }
     }
 }
-// ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f32(
+// ggml_compute_forward_geglu_erf
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_erf_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
     }
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int n  = ggml_nrows(src0);
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    float negative_slope;
-    memcpy(&negative_slope, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
 
-    assert(dst->nb[0]  == sizeof(float));
-    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        ggml_vec_leaky_relu_f32(nc,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i*(src0->nb[1])), negative_slope);
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
+        float * src0_p = (float *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        float * src1_p = (float *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_geglu_erf_f32(nc, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const float x = ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            GGML_UNUSED(x);
+            assert(!isnan(x));
+            assert(!isinf(x));
+        }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f16(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_erf_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    if (params->ith != 0) {
-        return;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
     }
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int n  = ggml_nrows(src0);
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    float negative_slope;
-    memcpy(&negative_slope, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
 
-    assert(dst->nb[0]  == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-    assert(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        ggml_vec_leaky_relu_f16(nc,
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i*(src0->nb[1])), negative_slope);
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
+        ggml_fp16_t * src0_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        ggml_fp16_t * src1_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_geglu_erf_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
+            const ggml_fp16_t x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            const float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+            GGML_UNUSED(v);
+            assert(!isnan(v));
+            assert(!isinf(v));
+        }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_erf(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -3070,11 +3485,11 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_erf_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu_f16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_erf_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -3083,26 +3498,37 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_silu_back
+// ggml_compute_forward_geglu_quick
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f32(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_quick_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-    const ggml_tensor * grad = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(grad));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, grad));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src1->ne[0];
-    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src1);
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
 
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
@@ -3112,10 +3538,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f32(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_silu_backward_f32(nc,
-                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i1*(src1->nb[1])),
-                (float *) ((char *) grad->data + i1*(grad->nb[1])));
+        float * src0_p = (float *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        float * src1_p = (float *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_geglu_quick_f32(nc, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
@@ -3124,28 +3555,39 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f32(
             assert(!isnan(x));
             assert(!isinf(x));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f16(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_quick_f16(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-    const ggml_tensor * grad = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    char * src0_d = (char *) src0->data;
+    char * src1_d = (char *) (src1 ? src1->data : src0->data);
+    const size_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
 
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(grad));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
-    assert(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, dst));
-    assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src1, grad));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int nc = src1->ne[0];
-    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src1);
+    const int nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == nr);
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
 
     // rows per thread
     const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
@@ -3155,24 +3597,29 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f16(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        ggml_vec_silu_backward_f16(nc,
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*( dst->nb[1])),
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src1->data + i1*(src1->nb[1])),
-                (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) grad->data + i1*(grad->nb[1])));
+        ggml_fp16_t * src0_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src0_d + i1*src0_o);
+        ggml_fp16_t * src1_p = (ggml_fp16_t *) (src1_d + i1*src1_o);
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vec_geglu_quick_f16(nc, (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*(dst->nb[1])), src0_p, src1_p);
 
-    #ifndef NDEBUG
+#ifndef NDEBUG
         for (int k = 0; k < nc; k++) {
-            const float x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
+            const ggml_fp16_t x = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*( dst->nb[1])))[k];
             const float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
             GGML_UNUSED(v);
             assert(!isnan(v));
             assert(!isinf(v));
         }
-    #endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back(
+static void ggml_compute_forward_geglu_quick(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
@@ -3181,11 +3628,11 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_quick_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_silu_back_f16(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_quick_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -3216,31 +3663,27 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_norm_f32(
 
     GGML_ASSERT(eps >= 0.0f);
 
-    // TODO: optimize
     for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
         for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
             for (int64_t i01 = ith; i01 < ne01; i01 += nth) {
                 const float * x = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
 
-                ggml_float sum = 0.0;
-                for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                    sum += (ggml_float)x[i00];
-                }
-
+                float sum = 0.0;
+                ggml_vec_sum_f32(ne00, &sum, x);
                 float mean = sum/ne00;
 
                 float * y = (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
+                float variance = 0;
 
-                ggml_float sum2 = 0.0;
-                for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                    float v = x[i00] - mean;
-                    y[i00] = v;
-                    sum2 += (ggml_float)(v*v);
-                }
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
+                mean = -mean;
+                vDSP_vsadd(x, 1, &mean, y, 1, ne00);
+                vDSP_measqv(y, 1, &variance, ne00);
+#else
+                variance = ggml_vec_cvar_f32(ne00, y, x, mean);
+#endif //GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
 
-                float variance = sum2/ne00;
                 const float scale = 1.0f/sqrtf(variance + eps);
-
                 ggml_vec_scale_f32(ne00, y, scale);
             }
         }
@@ -3309,6 +3752,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32(
 
                 const float scale = 1.0f/sqrtf(mean + eps);
 
+                // if you hit this, likely you got an inf somewhere earlier
+                assert(scale > 0.0f);
+
                 ggml_vec_scale_f32(ne00, y, scale);
             }
         }
@@ -3890,6 +4336,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_out_prod(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
@@ -3937,9 +4385,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_scale_f32(
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
-    // scale factor
-    float v;
-    memcpy(&v, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    float s; // scale factor
+    float b; // bias
+
+    memcpy(&s, (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&b, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
@@ -3958,12 +4408,22 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_scale_f32(
 
     const size_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];
 
-    for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        if (dst->data != src0->data) {
-            // src0 is same shape as dst => same indices
-            memcpy((char *)dst->data + i1*nb1, (char *)src0->data + i1*nb01, nc * sizeof(float));
+    if (b == 0.0f) {
+        for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
+            if (dst->data != src0->data) {
+                // src0 is same shape as dst => same indices
+                // TODO: add x parameter to ggml_vec_scale_f32 and remove this memcpy
+                memcpy((char *)dst->data + i1*nb1, (char *)src0->data + i1*nb01, nc * sizeof(float));
+            }
+            ggml_vec_scale_f32(nc, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*nb1), s);
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
+            ggml_vec_mad1_f32(nc,
+                (float *) ((char *) dst->data  + i1*nb1),
+                (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i1*nb1),
+                s, b);
         }
-        ggml_vec_scale_f32(nc, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i1*nb1), v);
     }
 }
 
@@ -4152,6 +4612,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_set(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
@@ -4191,46 +4653,6 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_cont(
     ggml_compute_forward_dup(params, dst);
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_reshape
-
-void ggml_compute_forward_reshape(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    // NOP
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-}
-
-// ggml_compute_forward_view
-
-void ggml_compute_forward_view(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    // NOP
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-}
-
-// ggml_compute_forward_permute
-
-void ggml_compute_forward_permute(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    // NOP
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-}
-
-// ggml_compute_forward_transpose
-
-void ggml_compute_forward_transpose(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    // NOP
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-}
-
 // ggml_compute_forward_get_rows
 
 static void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_q(
@@ -4413,6 +4835,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
@@ -4470,6 +4894,82 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows(
     //}
 }
 
+template<typename idx_t>
+static void ggml_compute_forward_set_rows_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const int64_t nc = ne00;
+    const int64_t nr = ne01;
+
+    assert(ne0  == nc);
+    assert(ne2  == ne02);
+    assert(ne3  == ne03);
+    assert(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    assert(ne02 % ne11 == 0);
+    assert(ne03 % ne12 == 0);
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int64_t dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int64_t ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int64_t ir1 = std::min(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    ggml_from_float_t const from_float = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(dst->type)->from_float;
+
+    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; ++i03) {
+        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; ++i02) {
+            for (int64_t i = ir0; i < ir1; ++i) {
+                const int64_t i12 = i03%ne12;
+                const int64_t i11 = i02%ne11;
+                const int64_t i10 = i;
+
+                const int64_t i1 = *(idx_t *) ((char *) src1->data + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12);
+
+                GGML_ASSERT(i1 >= 0 && i1 < ne1);
+
+                from_float(
+                        (const float *) ((char *) src0->data +  i*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03),
+                                        ((char *)  dst->data + i1*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3), nc);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_set_rows(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_set_rows_f32<int64_t>(params, dst);
+                } else if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_set_rows_f32<int32_t>(params, dst);
+                } else {
+                    GGML_ABORT("src1->type = %d (%s) not supported", src1->type, ggml_type_name(src1->type));
+                }
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("src0->type = %d (%s) not supported", src0->type, ggml_type_name(src0->type));
+            }
+    }
+}
+
 // ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back
 
 static void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32_f16(
@@ -4500,7 +5000,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32_f16(
 
         for (int j = 0; j < nc; ++j) {
             ggml_fp16_t v = ((ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + i*src0->nb[1]))[j];
-            ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + r*dst->nb[1]))[j] += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(v);
+            ((float *) ((char *) dst->data + r*dst->nb[1]))[j] += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(v);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -4734,6 +5234,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_f32(
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
 
     assert(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
     assert(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
@@ -4744,14 +5245,17 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_f32(
     memcpy(&scale,    (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
     memcpy(&max_bias, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    // TODO: handle transposed/permuted matrices
-
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    //const int64_t ne11 = src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 1;
+    const int64_t nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 1;
+    const int64_t nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 1;
+    const int64_t nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 1;
+
+    const int64_t ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 1;
+    const int64_t ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 1;
 
     // TODO: is this supposed to be ceil instead of floor?
     //       https://huggingface.co/mosaicml/mpt-7b/blob/main/attention.py#L370
@@ -4761,68 +5265,78 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_f32(
     const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
     const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
 
-    const int nc = src0->ne[0];
-    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
-
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-
-    float * wp = (float *) params->wdata + (nc + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
+    float * wp = (float *) params->wdata + (ne00 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
 
     const bool use_f16 = (src1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
-    for (int i1 = ir0; i1 < ir1; i1++) {
-        // ALiBi
-        const uint32_t h = (i1/ne01)%ne02; // head
-        const float slope = (max_bias > 0.0f) ? h < n_head_log2 ? powf(m0, h + 1) : powf(m1, 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1) : 1.0f;
-
-        float * sp = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i1*src0->nb[1]);
-        float * dp = (float *)((char *)  dst->data +  i1*dst->nb[1]);
+    // sinks
+    const float * sk = src2 ? (float *)((char *) src2->data) : nullptr;
 
-        // broadcast the mask across rows
-        ggml_fp16_t * mp_f16 = src1 ? (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src1->data) + (i1%ne01)*ne00 : NULL;
-        float       * mp_f32 = src1 ? (float       *)((char *) src1->data) + (i1%ne01)*ne00 : NULL;
-
-        ggml_vec_cpy_f32  (nc, wp, sp);
-        ggml_vec_scale_f32(nc, wp, scale);
-        if (mp_f32) {
-            if (use_f16) {
-                for (int i = 0; i < nc; ++i) {
-                    wp[i] += slope*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(mp_f16[i]);
-                }
-            } else {
-                for (int i = 0; i < nc; ++i) {
-                    wp[i] += slope*mp_f32[i];
+    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            for (int64_t i01 = ith; i01 < ne01; i01 += nth) {
+                const int64_t i11 = i01;
+                const int64_t i12 = i02%ne12;
+                const int64_t i13 = i03%ne13;
+
+                // ALiBi
+                const uint32_t h = i02; // head
+                const float slope = (max_bias > 0.0f) ? h < n_head_log2 ? powf(m0, h + 1) : powf(m1, 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1) : 1.0f;
+
+                float * sp = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                float * dp = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3);
+
+                // broadcast the mask across rows
+                ggml_fp16_t * mp_f16 = src1 ? (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src1->data + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13) : NULL;
+                float       * mp_f32 = src1 ? (float       *)((char *) src1->data + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13) : NULL;
+
+                ggml_vec_cpy_f32  (ne00, wp, sp);
+                ggml_vec_scale_f32(ne00, wp, scale);
+                if (mp_f32) {
+                    if (use_f16) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
+                            wp[i] += slope*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(mp_f16[i]);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
+                            wp[i] += slope*mp_f32[i];
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-        for (int i = 0; i < nc; ++i) {
-            //printf("p[%d] = %f\n", i, p[i]);
-            assert(!isnan(wp[i]));
-        }
-#endif
+                for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
+                    //printf("p[%d] = %f\n", i, p[i]);
+                    assert(!isnan(wp[i]));
+                }
+#endif // NDEBUG
 
-        float max = -INFINITY;
-        ggml_vec_max_f32(nc, &max, wp);
+                float max = -INFINITY;
+                ggml_vec_max_f32(ne00, &max, wp);
 
-        ggml_float sum = ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(nc, dp, wp, max);
-        assert(sum > 0.0);
+                // if we have sinks, make a correction as if they were included in the softmax
+                if (sk) {
+                    max = MAX(max, sk[i02]);
+                }
+
+                ggml_float sum = ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(ne00, dp, wp, max);
+                assert(sum > 0.0);
+
+                if (sk) {
+                    sum += (ggml_float) expf(sk[i02] - max);
+                }
 
-        sum = 1.0/sum;
-        ggml_vec_scale_f32(nc, dp, sum);
+                sum = 1.0/sum;
+                ggml_vec_scale_f32(ne00, dp, sum);
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-        for (int i = 0; i < nc; ++i) {
-            assert(!isnan(dp[i]));
-            assert(!isinf(dp[i]));
+                for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
+                    assert(!isnan(dp[i]));
+                    assert(!isinf(dp[i]));
+                }
+#endif // NDEBUG
+            }
         }
-#endif
     }
 }
 
@@ -4894,7 +5408,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_ext_back_f32(
             assert(!isnan(dy[i]));
             assert(!isnan(y[i]));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
         // Jii = yi - yi*yi
         // Jij = -yi*yj
         // J = diag(y)-y.T*y
@@ -4927,7 +5441,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_ext_back_f32(
             assert(!isnan(dx[i]));
             assert(!isinf(dx[i]));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
@@ -5018,8 +5532,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_clamp_f16(
         ggml_fp16_t * src0_ptr = (ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) src0->data + j*nb01);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++) {
-            float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]);
-            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(MAX(MIN(v, max), min));
+            float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(src0_ptr[i]);
+            dst_ptr[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(MAX(MIN(v, max), min));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -5046,6 +5560,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_clamp(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
@@ -5118,7 +5634,7 @@ static void ggml_rope_cache_init(
 }
 
 static void ggml_mrope_cache_init(
-     float theta_base_t, float theta_base_h, float theta_base_w, float theta_base_e, int sections[4], bool indep_sects,
+     float theta_base_t, float theta_base_h, float theta_base_w, float theta_base_e, int sections[4], bool is_imrope, bool indep_sects,
      float freq_scale, const float * freq_factors, float corr_dims[2], int64_t ne0, float ext_factor, float mscale,
      float * cache, float sin_sign, float theta_scale) {
     // ref: https://github.com/jquesnelle/yarn/blob/master/scaled_rope/LlamaYaRNScaledRotaryEmbedding.py
@@ -5153,215 +5669,62 @@ static void ggml_mrope_cache_init(
         }
 
         float theta = theta_t;
-        if (sector >= sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
-            theta = theta_h;
-        }
-        else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections[2]) {
-            theta = theta_w;
-        }
-        else if (sector >= sec_w + sections[2]) {
-            theta = theta_e;
-        }
-
-        rope_yarn(
-            theta/ff, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, mscale, &cache[i0 + 0], &cache[i0 + 1]
-        );
-        cache[i0 + 1] *= sin_sign;
-
-        theta_t *= theta_scale;
-        theta_w *= theta_scale;
-        theta_h *= theta_scale;
-        theta_e *= theta_scale;
-    }
-}
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
-        const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst,
-        const bool forward) {
-
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
-    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
-
-    float freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
-    int sections[4];
-
-    //const int n_past     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-    const int n_dims     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
-    const int mode       = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
-    //const int n_ctx      = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
-    const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
-
-    memcpy(&freq_base,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  5, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&freq_scale,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  6, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&ext_factor,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  7, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&beta_fast,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&beta_slow,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&sections,    (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int)*4);
-
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-    //printf("ne0: %d, ne1: %d, ne2: %d, ne3: %d\n", ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3);
-    //printf("n_past = %d, ne2 = %d\n", n_past, ne2);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
-
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
-
-    const int nr = ggml_nrows(dst);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_dims <= ne0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_dims % 2 == 0);
-
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
-
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-
-    // row index used to determine which thread to use
-    int ir = 0;
-
-    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
-
-    float corr_dims[2];
-    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
-
-    const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
-    const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;  // ggml_rope_multi, multimodal rotary position embedding
-    const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
-
-    if (is_mrope) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(sections[0] > 0 || sections[1] > 0 || sections[2] > 0);
-    }
-
-    if (is_vision) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne0/2);
-    }
-
-    const float * freq_factors = NULL;
-    if (src2 != NULL) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(src2->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-        GGML_ASSERT(src2->ne[0] >= n_dims / 2);
-        freq_factors = (const float *) src2->data;
-    }
-
-    // backward process uses inverse rotation by cos and sin.
-    // cos and sin build a rotation matrix, where the inverse is the transpose.
-    // this essentially just switches the sign of sin.
-    const float sin_sign = forward ? 1.0f : -1.0f;
-
-    const int32_t * pos = (const int32_t *) src1->data;
-
-    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) { // batch
-        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) { // seq-len
-
-            float * cache = (float *) params->wdata + (ne0 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32)*ith;
-            if (!is_mrope) {
-                const int64_t p = pos[i2];
-                ggml_rope_cache_init(p, freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
-            }
-            else {
-                const int64_t p_t = pos[i2];
-                const int64_t p_h = pos[i2 + ne2];
-                const int64_t p_w = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
-                const int64_t p_e = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
-                ggml_mrope_cache_init(
-                    p_t, p_h, p_w, p_e, sections, is_vision,
-                    freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
+        if (is_imrope) { // qwen3vl apply interleaved mrope
+            if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * sections[1]) {
+                theta = theta_h;
+            } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * sections[2]) {
+                theta = theta_w;
+            } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * sections[0]) {
+                theta = theta_t;
+            } else {
+                theta = theta_e;
             }
+        } else {
+            if (sector >= sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+                theta = theta_h;
+            }
+            else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections[2]) {
+                theta = theta_w;
+            }
+            else if (sector >= sec_w + sections[2]) {
+                theta = theta_e;
+            }
+        }
 
-            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) { // attn-heads
-                if (ir++ < ir0) continue;
-                if (ir   > ir1) break;
-
-                if (is_neox || is_mrope) {
-                    if (is_vision){
-                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
-                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
-
-                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
-
-                            const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
-                            float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
-
-                            const float x0 = src[0];
-                            const float x1 = src[n_dims];
-
-                            dst_data[0]      = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-                            dst_data[n_dims] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
-                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
-
-                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
-
-                            const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
-                            float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
-
-                            const float x0 = src[0];
-                            const float x1 = src[n_dims/2];
-
-                            dst_data[0]        = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-                            dst_data[n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
-                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                        const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
-
-                        const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-                              float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
-
-                        const float x0 = src[0];
-                        const float x1 = src[1];
+        rope_yarn(
+            theta/ff, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, mscale, &cache[i0 + 0], &cache[i0 + 1]
+        );
+        cache[i0 + 1] *= sin_sign;
 
-                        dst_data[0] = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-                        dst_data[1] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
-                    }
-                }
+        theta_t *= theta_scale;
+        theta_w *= theta_scale;
+        theta_h *= theta_scale;
+        theta_e *= theta_scale;
+    }
+}
 
-                if (is_vision) {
-                    for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
-                        const int64_t ic = i0/2;
 
-                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                        const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
+template<typename T>
+static void rotate_pairs(const int64_t n, const int64_t n_offset, const float * cache, const T * src_data, T * dst_data, const int scale = 2) {
+  for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += 2) {
+    const int64_t ic = i0/scale; // hack for GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL, where we need ic = i0; for all other cases, ic = i0/2
 
-                        const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
-                        float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
+    const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
+    const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
 
-                        const float x0 = src[0];
-                        const float x1 = src[n_dims];
+    const T * const src = src_data + ic;
+    T * dst             = dst_data + ic;
 
-                        dst_data[0]      = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-                        dst_data[n_dims] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // fill the remain channels with data from src tensor
-                    for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
-                        const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-                        float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+    const float x0 = type_conversion_table<T>::to_f32(src[0]);
+    const float x1 = type_conversion_table<T>::to_f32(src[n_offset]);
 
-                        dst_data[0] = src[0];
-                        dst_data[1] = src[1];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    dst[0]        = type_conversion_table<T>::from_f32(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+    dst[n_offset] = type_conversion_table<T>::from_f32(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+  }
 }
 
-// TODO: deduplicate f16/f32 code
-static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
+template<typename T> //float or ggml_fp16_t
+static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_flt(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst,
         const bool forward) {
@@ -5370,6 +5733,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
     const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
     float freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
     int sections[4];
 
@@ -5378,6 +5744,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
     const int mode       = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
     //const int n_ctx      = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
     const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+
     memcpy(&freq_base,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  5, sizeof(float));
     memcpy(&freq_scale,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  6, sizeof(float));
     memcpy(&ext_factor,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  7, sizeof(float));
@@ -5386,13 +5753,13 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
     memcpy(&beta_slow,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
     memcpy(&sections,    (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int)*4);
 
-
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
     //printf("ne0: %d, ne1: %d, ne2: %d, ne3: %d\n", ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3);
     //printf("n_past = %d, ne2 = %d\n", n_past, ne2);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == nb00);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(T));
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
@@ -5417,11 +5784,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
     float corr_dims[2];
     ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
 
-    const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
-    const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    const bool is_imrope = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE; // qwen3vl apply interleaved mrope
+    const bool mrope_used = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;  // ggml_rope_multi, note: also true for vision (24 & 8 == true) and for imrope
     const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
 
-    if (is_mrope) {
+    if (mrope_used) {
         GGML_ASSERT(sections[0] > 0 || sections[1] > 0 || sections[2] > 0);
     }
 
@@ -5443,104 +5810,63 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
 
     const int32_t * pos = (const int32_t *) src1->data;
 
-    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
-        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) {
-
-            float * cache = (float *) params->wdata + (ne0 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32)*ith;
-            if (!is_mrope) {
-                const int64_t p = pos[i2];
-                ggml_rope_cache_init(p, freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
-            }
-            else {
-                const int64_t p_t = pos[i2];
-                const int64_t p_h = pos[i2 + ne2];
-                const int64_t p_w = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
-                const int64_t p_e = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
-                ggml_mrope_cache_init(
-                    p_t, p_h, p_w, p_e, sections, is_vision,
-                    freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
-            }
+    int64_t last_i2 = -1;
 
-            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
-                if (ir++ < ir0) continue;
+    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) { // batch
+        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) { // seq-len
+            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) { // attn-heads
+                if (ir++ < ir0) continue; // skip rows mapped to other threads
                 if (ir   > ir1) break;
 
-                if (is_neox || is_mrope) {
-                    if (is_vision) {
-                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
-                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
-
-                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
-
-                            const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
-                            ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
-
-                            const float x0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[0]);
-                            const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[n_dims]);
-
-                            dst_data[0]      = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-                            dst_data[n_dims] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
-                            const int64_t ic = i0/2;
-
-                            const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                            const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
-
-                            const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
-                            ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
-
-                            const float x0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[0]);
-                            const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[n_dims/2]);
-
-                            dst_data[0]        = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-                            dst_data[n_dims/2] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
-                        }
+                float * cache = (float *) params->wdata + (ne0 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32)*ith;
+                if (last_i2 != i2) {
+                    if (!mrope_used) {
+                        const int64_t p = pos[i2];
+                        ggml_rope_cache_init(p, freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
                     }
-                } else {
-                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < n_dims; i0 += 2) {
-                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                        const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
-
-                        const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-                              ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
-
-                        const float x0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[0]);
-                        const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[1]);
-
-                        dst_data[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-                        dst_data[1] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+                    else {
+                        const int64_t p_t = pos[i2];
+                        const int64_t p_h = pos[i2 + ne2];
+                        const int64_t p_w = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
+                        const int64_t p_e = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
+                        ggml_mrope_cache_init(
+                            p_t, p_h, p_w, p_e, sections, is_imrope, is_vision,
+                            freq_scale, freq_factors, corr_dims, ne0, ext_factor, attn_factor, cache, sin_sign, theta_scale);
                     }
-                }
 
-                if (is_vision) {
-                    for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
-                        const int64_t ic = i0/2;
-
-                        const float cos_theta = cache[i0 + 0];
-                        const float sin_theta = cache[i0 + 1];
+                    last_i2 = i2;
+                }
 
-                        const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + ic*nb00);
-                        ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + ic*nb0);
+                T * src = (T *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01);
+                T * dst_data  = (T *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1);
 
-                        const float x0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[0]);
-                        const float x1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[n_dims]);
+                switch (mode) {
+                    case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL:
+                        rotate_pairs<T>(n_dims, 1, cache, src, dst_data, 1);
+                        break;
+                    case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX:
+                    case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE:
+                    case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE:
+                        rotate_pairs<T>(n_dims, n_dims/2, cache, src, dst_data);
+                        break;
+                    case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION:
+                        rotate_pairs<T>(ne0, n_dims, cache, src, dst_data);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        GGML_ABORT("rope type not supported");
+                }
 
-                        dst_data[0]      = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-                        dst_data[n_dims] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
-                    }
-                } else {
+                if (!is_vision) {
+                    // fill the remain channels with data from src tensor
                     for (int64_t i0 = n_dims; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
-                        const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-                        ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+                        const T * const src = (T *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+                        T * dst_data  = (T *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
 
                         dst_data[0] = src[0];
                         dst_data[1] = src[1];
                     }
                 }
-            }
+            } //attn-heads
         }
     }
 }
@@ -5554,11 +5880,11 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_rope(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(params, dst, true);
+                ggml_compute_forward_rope_flt<ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst, true);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(params, dst, true);
+                ggml_compute_forward_rope_flt<float>(params, dst, true);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -5578,11 +5904,11 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_rope_back(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(params, dst, false);
+                ggml_compute_forward_rope_flt<ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst, false);
             } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(params, dst, false);
+                ggml_compute_forward_rope_flt<float>(params, dst, false);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -5640,7 +5966,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_1d_f16_f32(
             for (int64_t i11 = 0; i11 < ne11; i11++) {
                 const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src1->data + i11*nb11);
                 for (int64_t i10 = 0; i10 < ne10; i10++) {
-                    dst_data[i10*ne11 + i11] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(src[i10]);
+                    dst_data[i10*ne11 + i11] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(src[i10]);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -5879,7 +6205,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_f16(
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
     GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
@@ -5910,7 +6236,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_f16(
     int ofs1 = is_2D ? nb12 : nb11;
 
     GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == ggml_type_size(src1->type));
 
     // im2col: [N, IC, IH, IW] => [N, OH, OW, IC*KH*KW]
     {
@@ -5923,7 +6249,12 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_f16(
 
                         // micro kernel
                         ggml_fp16_t * dst_data = wdata + (in*OH*OW + ioh*OW + iow)*(IC*KH*KW); // [IC, KH, KW]
-                        const float * const src_data = (float *)((char *) src1->data + in*ofs0 + iic*ofs1); // [IH, IW]
+                        const float * const src_data_f32 = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32
+                            ? (const float *)((const char *) src1->data + in*ofs0 + iic*ofs1)
+                            : nullptr; // [IH, IW]
+                        const ggml_fp16_t * const src_data_f16 = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16
+                            ? (const ggml_fp16_t *)((const char *) src1->data + in*ofs0 + iic*ofs1)
+                            : nullptr; // [IH, IW]
 
                         for (int64_t ikh = 0; ikh < KH; ikh++) {  // 1
                             for (int64_t ikw = 0; ikw < KW; ikw++) {
@@ -5933,7 +6264,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_f16(
                                 if (iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW) {
                                     dst_data[iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw] = 0;
                                 } else {
-                                    dst_data[iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(src_data[iih*IW + iiw]);
+                                    if (src_data_f32 != nullptr) {
+                                        dst_data[iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(src_data_f32[iih*IW + iiw]);
+                                    } else {
+                                        dst_data[iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw] = src_data_f16[iih*IW + iiw];
+                                    }
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -5972,92 +6307,622 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_back_f32(
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0]; // gradients of forward pass output
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1]; // convolution kernel
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const bool is_2D = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6] == 1;
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t N  = is_2D ? ne3 : ne2;
+    const int64_t IC = is_2D ? ne2 : ne1;
+    const int64_t IH = is_2D ? ne1 : 1;
+    const int64_t IW = ne0;
+
+    const int64_t KH = is_2D ? ne11 : 1;
+    const int64_t KW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t OH = is_2D ? ne02 : 1;
+    const int64_t OW = ne01;
+
+    int ofs0 = is_2D ? nb3 : nb2;
+    int ofs1 = is_2D ? nb2 : nb1;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(float));
+
+    // im2col: [N, IC, IH, IW] => [N, OH, OW, IC*KH*KW]
+    {
+        float * const wdata = (float *) dst->data;
+
+        for (int64_t in = 0; in < N; in++) {
+            for (int64_t iic = ith; iic < IC; iic += nth) {
+                for (int64_t iih = 0; iih < IH; iih++) {
+                    for (int64_t iiw = 0; iiw < IW; iiw++) {
+
+                        // micro kernel
+                        float grad = 0.0f;
+                        for (int64_t ikh = 0; ikh < KH; ikh++) {
+                            for (int64_t ikw = 0; ikw < KW; ikw++) {
+                                // For s0 > 1 some values were skipped over in the forward pass.
+                                // These values have tmpw % s0 != 0 and need to be skipped in the backwards pass as well.
+                                const int64_t tmpw = (iiw + p0 - ikw*d0);
+                                if (tmpw % s0 != 0) {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                                const int64_t iow = tmpw / s0;
+
+                                // Equivalent logic as above except for s1.
+                                int64_t ioh;
+                                if (is_2D) {
+                                    const int64_t tmph = iih + p1 - ikh*d1;
+
+                                    if (tmph % s1 != 0) {
+                                        continue;
+                                    }
+
+                                    ioh = tmph / s1;
+                                } else {
+                                    ioh = 0;
+                                }
+
+                                if (iow < 0 || iow >= OW || ioh < 0 || ioh >= OH) {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                const float * const grad_in = (const float *) src0->data
+                                    + (in*OH*OW + ioh*OW + iow)*(IC*KH*KW); // [IC, KH, KW]
+                                grad += grad_in[iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw];
+                            }
+                        }
+                        float * dst_data = (float *)((char *) wdata + (in*ofs0 + iic*ofs1)); // [IH, IW]
+                        dst_data[iih*IW + iiw] = grad;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f16
+// src0: kernel [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+// src1: image [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+// dst:  result [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f16(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[8];
+    const int32_t IC = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = ne12;
+    const int64_t IH = ne11;
+    const int64_t IW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t OC = ne03 / IC;
+    GGML_UNUSED(OC);
+    const int64_t KD = ne02;
+    const int64_t KH = ne01;
+    const int64_t KW = ne00;
+
+    const int64_t OD = ne3 / N;
+    const int64_t OH = ne2;
+    const int64_t OW = ne1;
+    const int64_t OH_OW = OH*OW;
+    const int64_t KD_KH_KW = KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t KH_KW = KH*KW;
+    const int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // im2col: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+    {
+        ggml_fp16_t * const wdata = (ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data;
+
+        for (int64_t in = 0; in < N; in++) {
+            for (int64_t iod = 0; iod < OD; iod++) {
+                for (int64_t ioh = 0; ioh < OH; ioh++) {
+                    for (int64_t iow = 0; iow < OW; iow++) {
+                        for (int64_t iic = ith; iic < IC; iic += nth) {
+
+                            // micro kernel
+                            ggml_fp16_t * dst_data = wdata + (in*OD*OH_OW + iod*OH_OW + ioh*OW + iow)*IC_KD_KH_KW; // [IC, KD, KH, KW]
+                            const float * const src_data = (const float *) ((const char *)src1->data + (in*IC + iic)*nb13); // [ID, IH, IW]
+
+                            for (int64_t ikd = 0; ikd < KD; ikd++) {
+                                for (int64_t ikh = 0; ikh < KH; ikh++) {
+                                    for (int64_t ikw = 0; ikw < KW; ikw++) {
+                                        const int64_t iiw = iow*s0 + ikw*d0 - p0;
+                                        const int64_t iih = ioh*s1 + ikh*d1 - p1;
+                                        const int64_t iid = iod*s2 + ikd*d2 - p2;
+
+                                        if (iid < 0 || iid >= ID || iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW) {
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = 0;
+                                        } else {
+                                            const float * const s = (const float *) ((const char *)src_data + iid*nb12 + iih*nb11 + iiw*nb10); // [ID, IH, IW]
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(*s);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f32
+// src0: kernel [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+// src1: image [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+// dst:  result [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[8];
+    const int32_t IC = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = ne12;
+    const int64_t IH = ne11;
+    const int64_t IW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t OC = ne03 / IC;
+    GGML_UNUSED(OC);
+    const int64_t KD = ne02;
+    const int64_t KH = ne01;
+    const int64_t KW = ne00;
+
+    const int64_t OD = ne3 / N;
+    const int64_t OH = ne2;
+    const int64_t OW = ne1;
+
+    const int64_t OH_OW = OH*OW;
+    const int64_t KD_KH_KW = KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t KH_KW = KH*KW;
+    const int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // im2col: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+    {
+        float * const wdata = (float *) dst->data;
+
+        for (int64_t in = 0; in < N; in++) {
+            for (int64_t iod = 0; iod < OD; iod++) {
+                for (int64_t ioh = 0; ioh < OH; ioh++) {
+                    for (int64_t iow = 0; iow < OW; iow++) {
+                        for (int64_t iic = ith; iic < IC; iic += nth) {
+
+                            // micro kernel
+                            float * dst_data = wdata + (in*OD*OH_OW + iod*OH_OW + ioh*OW + iow)*IC_KD_KH_KW; // [IC, KD, KH, KW]
+                            const float * const src_data = (const float *) ((const char *)src1->data + (in*IC + iic)*nb13); // [ID, IH, IW]
+
+                            for (int64_t ikd = 0; ikd < KD; ikd++) {
+                                for (int64_t ikh = 0; ikh < KH; ikh++) {
+                                    for (int64_t ikw = 0; ikw < KW; ikw++) {
+                                        const int64_t iiw = iow*s0 + ikw*d0 - p0;
+                                        const int64_t iih = ioh*s1 + ikh*d1 - p1;
+                                        const int64_t iid = iod*s2 + ikd*d2 - p2;
+
+                                        if (iid < 0 || iid >= ID || iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW || iid < 0 || iid >= ID) {
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = 0;
+                                        } else {
+                                            const float * const s = (const float *) ((const char *)src_data + iid*nb12 + iih*nb11 + iiw*nb10); // [ID, IH, IW]
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = *s;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f16(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_call_mul_mat(ggml_type type, const ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64_t n, int64_t k,
+                              void * a, void * b, float * c) {
+    const ggml_type_traits * traits = ggml_get_type_traits(type);
+    struct ggml_tensor src1 = {};
+    src1.type  = type;
+    src1.ne[0] = k;
+    src1.ne[1] = m;
+    src1.ne[2] = 1;
+    src1.ne[3] = 1;
+    src1.nb[0] = traits->type_size;
+    src1.nb[1] = k * traits->type_size;
+    src1.nb[2] = src1.nb[1];
+    src1.nb[3] = src1.nb[2];
+    src1.data  = a;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor src0 = {};
+    src0.type  = type;
+    src0.ne[0] = k;
+    src0.ne[1] = n;
+    src0.ne[2] = 1;
+    src0.ne[3] = 1;
+    src0.nb[0] = traits->type_size;
+    src0.nb[1] = k * traits->type_size;
+    src0.nb[2] = src0.nb[1];
+    src0.nb[3] = src0.nb[2];
+    src0.data  = b;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor dst = {};
+    dst.ne[0] = n;
+    dst.ne[1] = m;
+    dst.ne[2] = 1;
+    dst.ne[3] = 1;
+    dst.nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    dst.nb[1] = n * sizeof(float);
+    dst.nb[2] = dst.nb[1];
+    dst.nb[3] = dst.nb[2];
+    dst.data  = c;
+    dst.src[0] = &src0;
+    dst.src[1] = &src1;
+
+    ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat(params, &dst);
+}
+
+static inline int64_t ggml_wrap_around(int64_t coord, int64_t size) {
+    return (coord  + size) % size; // adding size avoids negative number weirdness
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d
+
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_impl(const ggml_compute_params * params,
+                                              const ggml_tensor *         kernel,  // [KW, KH, IC, OC]
+                                              const ggml_tensor *         src,     // [W, H, C, N]
+                                              ggml_tensor *               dst,     // [OW, OH, OC, N]
+                                              ggml_type                   kernel_type) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(kernel));
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel->type == kernel_type);
+
+    const ggml_type_traits * traits = ggml_get_type_traits(kernel_type);
+
+    const int32_t stride_x   = dst->op_params[0];
+    const int32_t stride_y   = dst->op_params[1];
+    const int32_t pad_x      = dst->op_params[2];
+    const int32_t pad_y      = dst->op_params[3];
+    const int32_t dilation_x = dst->op_params[4];
+    const int32_t dilation_y = dst->op_params[5];
+
+    const int64_t c_in  = src->ne[2];
+    const int64_t c_out = kernel->ne[3];
+    GGML_ASSERT(c_in == kernel->ne[2]);
+
+    const int64_t src_w = src->ne[0];
+    const int64_t src_h = src->ne[1];
+    const int64_t knl_w = kernel->ne[0];
+    const int64_t knl_h = kernel->ne[1];
+    const int64_t dst_w = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t dst_h = dst->ne[1];
+
+    const float * src_data = (float *) src->data;
+    void  * knl_data       = kernel->data;
+    float * dst_data       = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    const int64_t knl_n           = knl_w * knl_h * c_in;
+    const int64_t patch_total     = dst->ne[3] * dst_w * dst_h;
+
+    const int64_t space_per_patch   = knl_n * traits->type_size + c_out * sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t batch_size        = params->wsize / space_per_patch;
+    const int64_t patches_per_batch = batch_size > 8 ? (batch_size / 8) * 8 : batch_size;
+    const int64_t batch_n           = (patch_total + patches_per_batch - 1) / patches_per_batch;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(patches_per_batch > 0 && batch_size >= 1);
+
+    void * tmp = params->wdata;
+
+    for (int64_t batch_i = 0; batch_i < batch_n; ++batch_i) {
+
+        const int64_t patch_start_batch = batch_i * patches_per_batch;
+        const int64_t patch_end_batch   = std::min(patch_start_batch + patches_per_batch,
+                                              patch_total);
+        const int64_t patch_n           = patch_end_batch - patch_start_batch;
+
+        const int64_t patch_per_thread  = (patch_n + params->nth - 1) / params->nth;
+        const int64_t patch_start       = patch_start_batch + params->ith * patch_per_thread;
+        const int64_t patch_end         = std::min(patch_start + patch_per_thread, patch_end_batch);
+
+        //im2col for a patch
+        for (int64_t p = patch_start; p < patch_end; ++p) {
+            const int64_t  batch_n     =  p / (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t  src_x       = (p / dst_w) % dst_h;
+            const int64_t  src_y       =  p % dst_w;
+
+            const float * src_base = (const float *)((const char *)src_data + batch_n * src->nb[3]);
+            char *        dst_row  = (char *) tmp + (p % patches_per_batch) * knl_n * traits->type_size;
+
+            for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < c_in; ++ic) {
+                for (int64_t ky = 0; ky < knl_h; ++ky) {
+                    for (int64_t kx = 0; kx < knl_w; ++kx) {
+                        const int64_t sy = src_x * stride_y + ky * dilation_y - pad_y;
+                        const int64_t sx = src_y * stride_x + kx * dilation_x - pad_x;
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+                        int64_t dst_idx = ic * (knl_h * knl_w) + ky * knl_w + kx;
 
-    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
-    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
-    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
-    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
-    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
-    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
-    const bool is_2D = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6] == 1;
+                        float src_val;
+                        if (sy < 0 || sy >= src_h || sx < 0 || sx >= src_w) {
+                            src_val = 0.0f;
+                        } else {
+                            const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((const char *)src_base + sx * src->nb[0] + sy * src->nb[1] + ic * src->nb[2]);
+                            src_val               = *src_ptr;
+                        }
 
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
+                        char * element_ptr = dst_row + dst_idx * traits->type_size;
+                        if (kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                            *(float *) element_ptr = src_val;
+                        } else if (kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                            *(ggml_fp16_t *) element_ptr = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(src_val);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }   // patches handled by this thread
 
-    const int64_t N  = is_2D ? ne3 : ne2;
-    const int64_t IC = is_2D ? ne2 : ne1;
-    const int64_t IH = is_2D ? ne1 : 1;
-    const int64_t IW = ne0;
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
 
-    const int64_t KH = is_2D ? ne11 : 1;
-    const int64_t KW = ne10;
+        float * gemm_output = (float *) ((char *) tmp + patches_per_batch * knl_n * traits->type_size);
 
-    const int64_t OH = is_2D ? ne02 : 1;
-    const int64_t OW = ne01;
+        GGML_ASSERT(gemm_output + patch_n * c_out <= (float*)tmp + params->wsize);
 
-    int ofs0 = is_2D ? nb3 : nb2;
-    int ofs1 = is_2D ? nb2 : nb1;
+        // GEMM: patches[patch_n, knl_n] × kernel[knl_n, c_out] = output[patch_n, c_out]
+        ggml_call_mul_mat(kernel_type, params, patch_n, c_out, knl_n, tmp, knl_data, gemm_output);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  == sizeof(float));
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
 
-    // im2col: [N, IC, IH, IW] => [N, OH, OW, IC*KH*KW]
-    {
-        float * const wdata = (float *) dst->data;
 
-        for (int64_t in = 0; in < N; in++) {
-            for (int64_t iic = ith; iic < IC; iic += nth) {
-                for (int64_t iih = 0; iih < IH; iih++) {
-                    for (int64_t iiw = 0; iiw < IW; iiw++) {
+        //permute back [OC, N, OH, OW] to [N, OC, OH, OW]
+        const int64_t permute_per_thread = (patch_n + params->nth - 1) / params->nth;
+        const int64_t permute_start = params->ith * permute_per_thread;
+        const int64_t permute_end = std::min(permute_start + permute_per_thread, patch_n);
 
-                        // micro kernel
-                        float grad = 0.0f;
-                        for (int64_t ikh = 0; ikh < KH; ikh++) {
-                            for (int64_t ikw = 0; ikw < KW; ikw++) {
-                                // For s0 > 1 some values were skipped over in the forward pass.
-                                // These values have tmpw % s0 != 0 and need to be skipped in the backwards pass as well.
-                                const int64_t tmpw = (iiw + p0 - ikw*d0);
-                                if (tmpw % s0 != 0) {
-                                    continue;
-                                }
-                                const int64_t iow = tmpw / s0;
+        for (int64_t i = permute_start; i < permute_end; ++i) {
+            const int64_t p       = patch_start_batch + i;
+            const int64_t batch_n = p / (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t dst_y   = (p / dst_w) % dst_h;
+            const int64_t dst_x   = p % dst_w;
 
-                                // Equivalent logic as above except for s1.
-                                int64_t ioh;
-                                if (is_2D) {
-                                    const int64_t tmph = iih + p1 - ikh*d1;
+            for (int64_t oc = 0; oc < c_out; ++oc) {
+                const float value = gemm_output[i * c_out + oc];
+                float * dst_ptr = (float *)((char *)dst_data + dst_x * dst->nb[0] + dst_y * dst->nb[1] + oc * dst->nb[2] + batch_n * dst->nb[3]);
+                *dst_ptr = value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-                                    if (tmph % s1 != 0) {
-                                        continue;
-                                    }
+void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-                                    ioh = tmph / s1;
-                                } else {
-                                    ioh = 0;
-                                }
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-                                if (iow < 0 || iow >= OW || ioh < 0 || ioh >= OH) {
-                                    continue;
-                                }
+    ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_impl(params, src0, src1, dst, src0->type);
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d_impl(const ggml_compute_params * params,
+                                              const ggml_tensor *         kernel,
+                                              const ggml_tensor *         src,
+                                              ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                                              ggml_type                   kernel_type) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(kernel));
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel->type == kernel_type);
+
+    const ggml_type_traits * traits = ggml_get_type_traits(kernel_type);
+
+    const int32_t s0 = dst->op_params[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = dst->op_params[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = dst->op_params[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = dst->op_params[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = dst->op_params[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = dst->op_params[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = dst->op_params[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = dst->op_params[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = dst->op_params[8];
+    const int32_t c  = dst->op_params[9];
+    const int32_t n  = dst->op_params[10];
+    const int32_t oc = dst->op_params[11];
+
+    const int64_t src_w = src->ne[0];
+    const int64_t src_h = src->ne[1];
+    const int64_t src_d = src->ne[2];
+    const int64_t knl_w = kernel->ne[0];
+    const int64_t knl_h = kernel->ne[1];
+    const int64_t knl_d = kernel->ne[2];
+    const int64_t dst_w = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t dst_h = dst->ne[1];
+    const int64_t dst_d = dst->ne[2];
+
+    const float * src_data = (float *) src->data;
+    void  * knl_data       = kernel->data;
+    float * dst_data       = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    const int64_t knl_n_per_channel = knl_w * knl_h * knl_d;
+    const int64_t knl_n_total       = knl_n_per_channel * c;
+    const int64_t patch_total       = n * dst_w * dst_h * dst_d;
+
+    const int64_t space_per_patch   = knl_n_total * traits->type_size + oc * sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t batch_size        = params->wsize / space_per_patch;
+    const int64_t patches_per_batch = batch_size > 8 ? (batch_size / 8) * 8 : batch_size;
+    const int64_t batch_n           = (patch_total + patches_per_batch - 1) / patches_per_batch;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(patches_per_batch > 0 && batch_size >= 1);
+
+    void * tmp = params->wdata;
+
+    for (int64_t batch_i = 0; batch_i < batch_n; ++batch_i) {
+        const int64_t patch_start_batch = batch_i * patches_per_batch;
+        const int64_t patch_end_batch   = std::min(patch_start_batch + patches_per_batch, patch_total);
+        const int64_t patch_n_in_batch  = patch_end_batch - patch_start_batch;
+
+        const int64_t patch_per_thread  = (patch_n_in_batch + params->nth - 1) / params->nth;
+        const int64_t patch_start       = patch_start_batch + params->ith * patch_per_thread;
+        const int64_t patch_end         = std::min(patch_start + patch_per_thread, patch_end_batch);
+
+        for (int64_t p = patch_start; p < patch_end; ++p) {
+            const int64_t p_in_batch = p % (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t p_in_depth = p_in_batch % (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t batch_idx  = p / (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t dst_z      = p_in_batch / (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t dst_y      = p_in_depth / dst_w;
+            const int64_t dst_x      = p_in_depth % dst_w;
+
+            char * dst_row = (char *) tmp + (p % patches_per_batch) * knl_n_total * traits->type_size;
+
+            for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < c; ++ic) {
+                for (int64_t kz = 0; kz < knl_d; ++kz) {
+                    for (int64_t ky = 0; ky < knl_h; ++ky) {
+                        for (int64_t kx = 0; kx < knl_w; ++kx) {
+                            const int64_t sz = dst_z * s2 + kz * d2 - p2;
+                            const int64_t sy = dst_y * s1 + ky * d1 - p1;
+                            const int64_t sx = dst_x * s0 + kx * d0 - p0;
+
+                            int64_t dst_idx = ic * knl_n_per_channel + kz * (knl_h * knl_w) + ky * knl_w + kx;
+
+                            float src_val;
+                            if (sz < 0 || sz >= src_d || sy < 0 || sy >= src_h || sx < 0 || sx >= src_w) {
+                                src_val = 0.0f;
+                            } else {
+                                const int64_t cn_idx = batch_idx * c + ic;
+                                const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((const char *)src_data + sx*src->nb[0] + sy*src->nb[1] + sz*src->nb[2] + cn_idx*src->nb[3]);
+                                src_val = *src_ptr;
+                            }
 
-                                const float * const grad_in = (const float *) src0->data
-                                    + (in*OH*OW + ioh*OW + iow)*(IC*KH*KW); // [IC, KH, KW]
-                                grad += grad_in[iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw];
+                            char * element_ptr = dst_row + dst_idx * traits->type_size;
+                            if (kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                                *(float *)element_ptr = src_val;
+                            } else if (kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                                *(ggml_fp16_t *)element_ptr = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(src_val);
                             }
                         }
-                        float * dst_data = (float *)((char *) wdata + (in*ofs0 + iic*ofs1)); // [IH, IW]
-                        dst_data[iih*IW + iiw] = grad;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        float * gemm_output = (float *) ((char *) tmp + patches_per_batch * knl_n_total * traits->type_size);
+        ggml_call_mul_mat(kernel_type, params, patch_n_in_batch, oc, knl_n_total, tmp, knl_data, gemm_output);
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        const int64_t permute_per_thread = (patch_n_in_batch + params->nth - 1) / params->nth;
+        const int64_t permute_start = params->ith * permute_per_thread;
+        const int64_t permute_end = std::min(permute_start + permute_per_thread, patch_n_in_batch);
+
+        for (int64_t i = permute_start; i < permute_end; ++i) {
+            const int64_t p = patch_start_batch + i;
+            const int64_t p_in_batch = p % (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t p_in_depth = p_in_batch % (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t batch_idx  = p / (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t dst_z      = p_in_batch / (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t dst_y      = p_in_depth / dst_w;
+            const int64_t dst_x      = p_in_depth % dst_w;
+
+            for (int64_t ioc = 0; ioc < oc; ++ioc) {
+                const float value = gemm_output[i * oc + ioc];
+                const int64_t ocn_idx = batch_idx * oc + ioc;
+                float * dst_ptr = (float *)((char *)dst_data + dst_x*dst->nb[0] + dst_y*dst->nb[1] + dst_z*dst->nb[2] + ocn_idx*dst->nb[3]);
+                *dst_ptr = value;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
+void ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d_impl(params, src0, src1, dst, src0->type);
+}
+
 // ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d
 
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d(
@@ -6109,7 +6974,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d(
                     const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src1->data + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11);
                     ggml_fp16_t * dst_data = wdata + i11*ne10*ne12;
                     for (int i10 = 0; i10 < ne10; i10++) {
-                        dst_data[i10*ne12 + i12] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(src[i10]);
+                        dst_data[i10*ne12 + i12] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(src[i10]);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -6189,7 +7054,11 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_dw_cwhn(
     const int64_t row_end = MIN(row_start + rows_per_thread, rows_total);
 
 #ifdef GGML_SIMD
-    const int64_t pkg_size = GGML_F32_EPR;
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+        const int64_t pkg_size = svcntw();
+    #else
+        const int64_t pkg_size = GGML_F32_EPR;
+    #endif
     const int64_t pkg_count = c / pkg_size;
     const int64_t c_pkg_end = pkg_count * pkg_size;
 #else
@@ -6326,12 +7195,13 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_dw(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d_sk_p0
-
-static void ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d_sk_p0(
+// ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d_ksp
+static void ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d_ksp(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         const ggml_op_pool op,
         const int k,
+        const int s,
+        const int p,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
@@ -6342,39 +7212,56 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d_sk_p0(
         return;
     }
 
-    const char * cdata = (const char *)src->data;
-    const char * const data_end = cdata + ggml_nbytes(src);
-    float * drow = (float *)dst->data;
+    const int64_t IW = src->ne[0];
+    const int64_t OW = dst->ne[0];
 
-    const int64_t rs = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(src);
 
-    while (cdata < data_end) {
-        const void * srow = (const void *)cdata;
-        int j = 0;
-        for (int64_t i = 0; i < rs; ++i) {
+    for (int64_t ir = 0; ir < nr; ++ir) {
+        const char * srow_bytes =            (const char *) src->data + ir * src->nb[1];
+        float      * drow       = (float *) ((      char *) dst->data + ir * dst->nb[1]);
+
+        for (int64_t ow = 0; ow < OW; ++ow) {
+            float res = 0;
             switch (op) {
-                case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:   drow[i] = 0;        break;
-                case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:   drow[i] = -FLT_MAX; break;
+                case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG: res = 0.0f;     break;
+                case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX: res = -FLT_MAX; break;
                 case GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
+
+            int count = 0;
+            const int base = (int) ow * s - p;
+
             for (int ki = 0; ki < k; ++ki) {
-                const float srow_j = (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ? ((const float*)srow)[j] : GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t*)srow)[j]);
+                const int j = base + ki;
+                if (j < 0 || j >= (int) IW) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                float v;
+                if (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    v = ((const float *) srow_bytes)[j];
+                } else {
+                    v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t *) srow_bytes)[j]);
+                }
+
                 switch (op) {
-                    case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:                         drow[i] += srow_j; break;
-                    case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:   if (srow_j > drow[i]) drow[i]  = srow_j; break;
-                    case GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT:                       GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                    case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG: res += v;                break;
+                    case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX: res =  std::max(v, res); break;
+                    case GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
                 }
-                ++j;
+
+                ++count;
             }
+
             switch (op) {
-                case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:         drow[i] /= k; break;
-                case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:                       break;
+                case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG: res = (count > 0) ? (res / count) : 0.0f; break;
+                case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:                                           break;
                 case GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             }
-        }
 
-        cdata += src->nb[1];
-        drow  += rs;
+            drow[ow] = res;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -6389,10 +7276,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d(
     const int k0 = opts[1];
     const int s0 = opts[2];
     const int p0 = opts[3];
-    GGML_ASSERT(p0 == 0); // padding not supported
-    GGML_ASSERT(k0 == s0); // only s = k supported
 
-    ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d_sk_p0(params, op, k0, dst);
+    ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d_ksp(params, op, k0, s0, p0, dst);
 }
 
 // ggml_compute_forward_pool_2d
@@ -6410,6 +7295,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_pool_2d(
     }
 
     const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *)dst->op_params;
+
     ggml_op_pool op = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(opts[0]);
     const int k0 = opts[1];
     const int k1 = opts[2];
@@ -6433,11 +7319,13 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_pool_2d(
     while (cdata < data_end) {
         for (int oy = 0; oy < py; ++oy) {
             float * const drow = dplane + oy * px;
+            float * const out  = drow;
+
             for (int ox = 0; ox < px; ++ox) {
-                float * const out =  drow + ox;
+                float res = 0;
                 switch (op) {
-                    case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:     *out = 0;        break;
-                    case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:     *out = -FLT_MAX; break;
+                    case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG: res = 0;        break;
+                    case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX: res = -FLT_MAX; break;
                     case GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
                 }
 
@@ -6445,24 +7333,32 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_pool_2d(
                 const int iy = offset1 + oy * s1;
 
                 for (int ky = 0; ky < k1; ++ky) {
-                    if (iy + ky < 0 || iy + ky >= src->ne[1]) continue;
+                    if (iy + ky < 0 || iy + ky >= src->ne[1]) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
                     const void * srow = (const void *)(cdata + src->nb[1] * (iy + ky));
                     for (int kx = 0; kx < k0; ++kx) {
                         int j = ix + kx;
-                        if (j < 0 || j >= src->ne[0]) continue;
-                        const float srow_j = (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ? ((const float*)srow)[j] : GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t*)srow)[j]);
+                        if (j < 0 || j >= src->ne[0]) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        const float srow_j = (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ? ((const float*)srow)[j] : GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t*)srow)[j]);
                         switch (op) {
-                            case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:                     *out += srow_j; break;
-                            case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX: if (srow_j > *out)  *out  = srow_j; break;
+                            case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG: res += srow_j;                break;
+                            case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX: res =  std::max(srow_j, res); break;
                             case GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT:               GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 switch (op) {
-                    case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:           *out /= ka; break;
-                    case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:                       break;
+                    case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:           res /= ka; break;
+                    case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:                      break;
                     case GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
                 }
+
+                out[ox] = res;
             }
         }
 
@@ -6538,7 +7434,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_pool_2d_back(
                             }
 
                             const float val = dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ?
-                                ((const float *) drowf)[j] : GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t *) drowf)[j]);
+                                ((const float *) drowf)[j] : GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t *) drowf)[j]);
                             if (val <= maxval) {
                                 continue;
                             }
@@ -6558,7 +7454,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_pool_2d_back(
                     if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
                         ((float *) drow)[j] += grad0;
                     } else {
-                        ((ggml_fp16_t *) drow)[j] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(grad0 + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t *) drow)[j]));
+                        ((ggml_fp16_t *) drow)[j] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(grad0 + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(((const ggml_fp16_t *) drow)[j]));
                     }
                 } else if (op == GGML_OP_POOL_AVG) {
                     const float grad = grad0 / ka;
@@ -6577,7 +7473,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_pool_2d_back(
                             if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
                                 ((float *) drow)[j] += grad;
                             } else {
-                                ((ggml_fp16_t *) drow)[j] += GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(grad);
+                                ((ggml_fp16_t *) drow)[j] += GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(grad);
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -6608,12 +7504,20 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_upscale_f32(
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    const float sf0 = (float)ne0/src0->ne[0];
-    const float sf1 = (float)ne1/src0->ne[1];
-    const float sf2 = (float)ne2/src0->ne[2];
-    const float sf3 = (float)ne3/src0->ne[3];
+    float sf0 = (float)ne0/src0->ne[0];
+    float sf1 = (float)ne1/src0->ne[1];
+    float sf2 = (float)ne2/src0->ne[2];
+    float sf3 = (float)ne3/src0->ne[3];
+    float pixel_offset = 0.5f;
 
-    const ggml_scale_mode mode = (ggml_scale_mode) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const int32_t mode_flags = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const ggml_scale_mode mode = (ggml_scale_mode) (mode_flags & 0xFF);
+
+    if (mode_flags & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ALIGN_CORNERS) {
+        pixel_offset = 0.0f;
+        sf0 = ne0 > 1 && ne00 > 1 ? (float)(ne0 - 1) / (ne00 - 1) : sf0;
+        sf1 = ne1 > 1 && ne01 > 1 ? (float)(ne1 - 1) / (ne01 - 1) : sf1;
+    }
 
     if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
         for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
@@ -6633,10 +7537,66 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_upscale_f32(
                 }
             }
         }
-    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
-        // setting a pixel offset of 0 would replicate the behavior of pytorch interpolate with align_corners=True
-        const float pixel_offset = 0.5f;
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR && (mode_flags & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS)) {
+        // Similar to F.interpolate(..., mode="bilinear", align_corners=False, antialias=True)
+        // https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/8871ff29b743948d1225389d5b7068f37b22750b/aten/src/ATen/native/cpu/UpSampleKernel.cpp
+        auto triangle_filter = [](float x) -> float {
+            return std::max(1.0f - fabsf(x), 0.0f);
+        };
+
+        // support and invscale, minimum 1 pixel for bilinear
+        const float support1  = std::max(1.0f, 1.0f / sf1);
+        const float invscale1 = 1.0f / support1;
+        const float support0  = std::max(1.0f, 1.0f / sf0);
+        const float invscale0 = 1.0f / support0;
+
+        for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
+            const int64_t i03 = i3 / sf3;
+            for (int64_t i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
+                const int64_t i02 = i2 / sf2;
+                for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+                    const float y = ((float) i1 + pixel_offset) / sf1;
+                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
+                        const float x = ((float) i0 + pixel_offset) / sf0;
+
+                        // the range of source pixels that contribute
+                        const int64_t x_min = std::max<int64_t>(x - support0 + pixel_offset, 0);
+                        const int64_t x_max = std::min<int64_t>(x + support0 + pixel_offset, ne00);
+                        const int64_t y_min = std::max<int64_t>(y - support1 + pixel_offset, 0);
+                        const int64_t y_max = std::min<int64_t>(y + support1 + pixel_offset, ne01);
+
+                        // bilinear filter with antialiasing
+                        float val = 0.0f;
+                        float total_weight = 0.0f;
+
+                        for (int64_t sy = y_min; sy < y_max; sy++) {
+                            const float weight_y = triangle_filter((sy - y + pixel_offset) * invscale1);
+
+                            for (int64_t sx = x_min; sx < x_max; sx++) {
+                                const float weight_x = triangle_filter((sx - x + pixel_offset) * invscale0);
+                                const float weight = weight_x * weight_y;
+
+                                if (weight <= 0.0f) {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                const float pixel = *(const float *)((const char *)src0->data + sx*nb00 + sy*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                                val += pixel * weight;
+                                total_weight += weight;
+                            }
+                        }
 
+                        if (total_weight > 0.0f) {
+                            val /= total_weight;
+                        }
+
+                        float * dst_ptr = (float *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
+                        *dst_ptr = val;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
         for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
             const int64_t i03 = i3 / sf3;
             for (int64_t i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
@@ -6671,6 +7631,51 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_upscale_f32(
 
                         const float val = a*(1 - dx)*(1 - dy) + b*dx*(1 - dy) + c*(1 - dx)*dy + d*dx*dy;
 
+                        float * y_dst = (float *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
+                        *y_dst = val;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BICUBIC) {
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation#Bicubic_convolution_algorithm
+        const float a = -0.75f; // use alpha = -0.75 (same as PyTorch)
+        auto weight1 = [a](float x) { return ((a + 2) * x - (a + 3)) * x * x + 1; };
+        auto weight2 = [a](float x) { return ((a * x - 5 * a) * x + 8 * a) * x - 4 * a; };
+        auto bicubic = [=](float p0, float p1, float p2, float p3, float x) {
+            const float w0 = weight2(x + 1);
+            const float w1 = weight1(x + 0);
+            const float w2 = weight1(1 - x);
+            const float w3 = weight2(2 - x);
+            return p0*w0 + p1*w1 + p2*w2 + p3*w3;
+        };
+
+        for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
+            const int64_t i03 = i3 / sf3;
+            for (int64_t i2 = ith; i2 < ne2; i2 += nth) {
+                const int64_t i02 = i2 / sf2;
+                for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+                    const float y = ((float)i1 + pixel_offset) / sf1 - pixel_offset;
+                    const int64_t y0 = (int64_t)floorf(y);
+                    const float dy = y - (float)y0;
+
+                    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0++) {
+                        const float x = ((float)i0 + pixel_offset) / sf0 - pixel_offset;
+                        const int64_t x0 = (int64_t)floorf(x);
+                        const float dx = x - (float)x0;
+
+                        auto p = [=](int64_t x_off, int64_t y_off) -> float {
+                            int64_t i00 = std::max(int64_t(0), std::min(x0 + x_off, ne00 - 1));
+                            int64_t i01 = std::max(int64_t(0), std::min(y0 + y_off, ne01 - 1));
+                            return *(const float *)((const char *)src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                        };
+
+                        const float val = bicubic(
+                            bicubic(p(-1,-1), p(0,-1), p(1,-1), p(2,-1), dx),
+                            bicubic(p(-1, 0), p(0, 0), p(1, 0), p(2, 0), dx),
+                            bicubic(p(-1, 1), p(0, 1), p(1, 1), p(2, 1), dx),
+                            bicubic(p(-1, 2), p(0, 2), p(1, 2), p(2, 2), dx), dy);
+
                         float * y_dst = (float *)((char *)dst->data + i0*nb0 + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3);
                         *y_dst = val;
                     }
@@ -6703,14 +7708,14 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_upscale(
 
 // ggml_compute_forward_pad
 
+template<bool circular_t>
 static void ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
           ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    assert(dst->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
@@ -6718,6 +7723,14 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32(
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
     float * dst_ptr = (float *) dst->data;
+    const int32_t lp0 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const int32_t rp0 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const int32_t lp1 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 2);
+    const int32_t rp1 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 3);
+    const int32_t lp2 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 4);
+    const int32_t rp2 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 5);
+    const int32_t lp3 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 6);
+    const int32_t rp3 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 7);
 
     // TODO: optimize
 
@@ -6725,14 +7738,34 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32(
         for (int64_t i1 = ith; i1 < ne1; i1 += nth) {
             for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; ++i0) {
                 for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; ++i3) {
-                    const int64_t dst_idx = i3*(ne0*ne1*ne2) + i2*(ne0*ne1) + i1*ne0 + i0;
-
-                    const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-
-                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
+                    // circular means wrap around on a torus, so x and y loop around
+                    if constexpr (circular_t) {
+                        const int64_t dst_idx = i3*(ne0*ne1*ne2) + i2*(ne0*ne1) + i1*ne0 + i0;
+                        const int64_t src_i0 = ggml_wrap_around(i0 - lp0, ne00);
+                        const int64_t src_i1 = ggml_wrap_around(i1 - lp1, ne01);
+                        const int64_t src_i2 = ggml_wrap_around(i2 - lp2, ne02);
+                        const int64_t src_i3 = ggml_wrap_around(i3 - lp3, ne03);
+
+                        const int64_t src_idx =
+                            src_i3*nb03 +
+                            src_i2*nb02 +
+                            src_i1*nb01 +
+                            src_i0*nb00;
+
+                        const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((char *) src0->data + src_idx);
                         dst_ptr[dst_idx] = *src_ptr;
                     } else {
-                        dst_ptr[dst_idx] = 0;
+                        const int64_t dst_idx = i3*(ne0*ne1*ne2) + i2*(ne0*ne1) + i1*ne0 + i0;
+                        if ((i0 >= lp0 && i0 < ne0 - rp0) \
+                            && (i1 >= lp1 && i1 < ne1 - rp1) \
+                            && (i2 >= lp2 && i2 < ne2 - rp2) \
+                            && (i3 >= lp3 && i3 < ne3 - rp3)) {
+                            const int64_t src_idx = (i3 - lp3)*nb03 + (i2 - lp2)*nb02 + (i1 - lp1)*nb01 + (i0 - lp0)*nb00;
+                            const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((char *) src0->data + src_idx);
+                            dst_ptr[dst_idx] = *src_ptr;
+                        } else {
+                            dst_ptr[dst_idx] = 0;
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -6740,16 +7773,20 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32(
     }
 }
 
+
 void ggml_compute_forward_pad(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
-
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-
+    const bool circular = (bool) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 8);
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32(params, dst);
+                if (circular) {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32<true>(params, dst);
+                } else {
+                    ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32<false>(params, dst);
+                }
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -6928,7 +7965,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_timestep_embedding_f32(
             embed_data[j + half] = sinf(arg);
         }
         if (dim % 2 != 0 && ith == 0) {
-            embed_data[dim] = 0.f;
+            embed_data[2 * half] = 0.f;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -6953,6 +7990,18 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_timestep_embedding(
 
 // ggml_compute_forward_argsort
 
+template<enum ggml_sort_order order>
+struct cmp_argsort {
+    const float * data;
+    bool operator()(int32_t a, int32_t b) const {
+        if constexpr (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
+            return data[a] < data[b];
+        } else {
+            return data[a] > data[b];
+        }
+    }
+};
+
 static void ggml_compute_forward_argsort_f32(
     const ggml_compute_params * params,
     ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -6971,23 +8020,25 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_argsort_f32(
     ggml_sort_order order = (ggml_sort_order) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
 
     for (int64_t i = ith; i < nr; i += nth) {
-        int32_t * dst_data = (int32_t *)((char *) dst->data + i*nb1);
         const float * src_data = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i*nb01);
 
+        int32_t * dst_data = (int32_t *)((char *) dst->data + i*nb1);
+
         for (int64_t j = 0; j < ne0; j++) {
             dst_data[j] = j;
         }
 
-        // C doesn't have a functional sort, so we do a bubble sort instead
-        for (int64_t j = 0; j < ne0; j++) {
-            for (int64_t k = j + 1; k < ne0; k++) {
-                if ((order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC  && src_data[dst_data[j]] > src_data[dst_data[k]]) ||
-                    (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC && src_data[dst_data[j]] < src_data[dst_data[k]])) {
-                    int32_t tmp = dst_data[j];
-                    dst_data[j] = dst_data[k];
-                    dst_data[k] = tmp;
-                }
-            }
+        switch (order) {
+            case GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC:
+                std::sort(dst_data, dst_data + ne0, cmp_argsort<GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC>{src_data});
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC:
+                std::sort(dst_data, dst_data + ne0, cmp_argsort<GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC>{src_data});
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("invalid sort order");
         }
     }
 }
@@ -7010,15 +8061,85 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_argsort(
     }
 }
 
-// ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext
+// ggml_compute_forward_top_k
 
-static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
+struct cmp_top_k {
+    const float * data;
+    bool operator()(int32_t a, int32_t b) const {
+        return data[a] > data[b];
+    }
+};
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_top_k_f32(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(float));
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    const int top_k = ne0;
+
+    int32_t * tmp = (int32_t *) params->wdata + (ne00 + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32) * ith;
+
+    for (int64_t i = ith; i < nr; i += nth) {
+        const float * src_data = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i*nb01);
+
+        for (int64_t j = 0; j < ne00; j++) {
+            tmp[j] = j;
+        }
+
+        std::partial_sort(tmp, tmp + top_k, tmp + ne00, cmp_top_k{src_data});
+
+        int32_t * dst_data = (int32_t *)((char *) dst->data + i*nb1);
+
+        std::copy(tmp, tmp + top_k, dst_data);
+
+        // emphasize that the order is not important
+        if (top_k > 1) {
+            std::swap(dst_data[0], dst_data[1]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_top_k(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_top_k_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16_one_chunk(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        const ggml_tensor * q,
-        const ggml_tensor * k,
-        const ggml_tensor * v,
-        const ggml_tensor * mask,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        ggml_tensor * dst,
+        int ir0, int ir1,
+        int64_t ic_start, int64_t ic_end,
+        float * partials, int64_t partial_stride) {
+
+    const bool write_partials = (partials != nullptr);
+    const ggml_tensor * q     = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * k     = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * v     = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask  = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * sinks = dst->src[4];
 
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neq, q,   ne)
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbq, q,   nb)
@@ -7029,9 +8150,6 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst, ne)
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst, nb)
 
-    const int ith = params->ith;
-    const int nth = params->nth;
-
     const int64_t DK = nek0;
     const int64_t DV = nev0;
     const int64_t N  = neq1;
@@ -7063,17 +8181,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
     const int64_t rv2 = neq2/nev2;
     const int64_t rv3 = neq3/nev3;
 
-    // parallelize by q rows using ggml_vec_dot_f32
-
-    // total rows in q
-    const int nr = neq1*neq2*neq3;
-
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
-
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+    // parallelize by q rows using ggml_vec_dot_f32
 
     float scale         = 1.0f;
     float max_bias      = 0.0f;
@@ -7093,7 +8201,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
     const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
     const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
 
-    ggml_type    const k_vec_dot_type      = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(k->type)->vec_dot_type;
+    ggml_type         const k_vec_dot_type = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(k->type)->vec_dot_type;
     ggml_from_float_t const q_to_vec_dot   = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(k_vec_dot_type)->from_float;
     ggml_vec_dot_t    const kq_vec_dot     = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(k->type)->vec_dot;
     ggml_to_float_t   const v_to_float     = ggml_get_type_traits(v->type)->to_float;
@@ -7101,7 +8209,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
     GGML_ASSERT((                            q_to_vec_dot) && "fattn: unsupported K-type");
     GGML_ASSERT((v->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || v_to_float  ) && "fattn: unsupported V-type");
 
-    // loop over n_batch and n_head
+    int ith = params->ith;
+
     for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
         // q indices
         const int iq3 = ir/(neq2*neq1);
@@ -7125,7 +8234,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
             memset(VKQ32, 0, DV*sizeof(float));
         }
 
-        const ggml_fp16_t * mp = mask ? (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) mask->data + iq1*mask->nb[1]) : NULL;
+        const ggml_fp16_t * mp = mask ? (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) mask->data + iq1*mask->nb[1] + (iq2%mask->ne[2])*mask->nb[2] + (iq3%mask->ne[3])*mask->nb[3]) : NULL;
 
         // k indices
         const int ik3 = iq3 / rk3;
@@ -7141,8 +8250,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
         // online softmax / attention
         // loop over n_kv and n_head_kv
         // ref: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.05682.pdf
-        for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < nek1; ++ic) {
-            const float mv = mp ? slope*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(mp[ic]) : 0.0f;
+
+        for (int64_t ic = ic_start; ic < ic_end; ++ic) {
+            const float mv = mp ? slope*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(mp[ic]) : 0.0f;
             if (mv == -INFINITY) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -7208,42 +8318,553 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
             S = S*ms + vs; // scale and increment sum with partial sum
         }
 
-        if (v->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            for (int64_t d = 0; d < DV; ++d) {
-                VKQ32[d] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(VKQ16[d]);
-            }
+        if (v->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            for (int64_t d = 0; d < DV; ++d) {
+                VKQ32[d] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(VKQ16[d]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // sinks - apply only on the first kv-chunk
+        if (sinks && ic_start == 0) {
+            const float s = ((float *)((char *) sinks->data))[h];
+
+            float ms = 1.0f;
+            float vs = 1.0f;
+
+            if (s > M) {
+                ms = expf(M - s);
+                M = s;
+                ggml_vec_scale_f32(DV, VKQ32, ms);
+            } else {
+                vs = expf(s - M);
+            }
+
+            S = S*ms + vs;
+        }
+
+        if (write_partials) {
+            // Write M, S, VKQ to partials for later reduction
+            // partials layout: [M, S, VKQ[DV]] per query head
+            float * partial = partials + ir * partial_stride;
+            partial[0] = M;
+            partial[1] = S;
+            memcpy(partial + 2, VKQ32, DV * sizeof(float));
+        } else {
+            // V /= S
+            const float S_inv = S == 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f/S;
+            ggml_vec_scale_f32(DV, VKQ32, S_inv);
+
+            // dst indices
+            const int i1 = iq1;
+            const int i2 = iq2;
+            const int i3 = iq3;
+
+            // permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
+            memcpy((char *) dst->data + (i3*ne2*ne1 + i2 + i1*ne1)*nb1, VKQ32, nb1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_tiled(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst,
+        int ir0, int ir1) {
+    const ggml_tensor * q     = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * k     = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * v     = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask  = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * sinks = dst->src[4];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neq, q,   ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbq, q,   nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nek, k,   ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbk, k,   nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nev, v,   ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbv, v,   nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst, nb)
+
+    const int64_t DK = nek0;
+    const int64_t DV = nev0;
+    const int64_t N  = neq1;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == DV);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == N);
+
+    // input tensor rows must be contiguous
+    GGML_ASSERT(nbq0 == ggml_type_size(q->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nbk0 == ggml_type_size(k->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nbv0 == ggml_type_size(v->type));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(neq0 == DK);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nek0 == DK);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nev0 == DV);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(neq1 == N);
+
+    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(k->type == v->type);
+    const ggml_type kv_type = k->type;
+
+
+    // broadcast factors
+    const int64_t rk2 = neq2/nek2;
+    const int64_t rk3 = neq3/nek3;
+
+    const int64_t rv2 = neq2/nev2;
+    const int64_t rv3 = neq3/nev3;
+
+    float scale         = 1.0f;
+    float max_bias      = 0.0f;
+    float logit_softcap = 0.0f;
+
+    memcpy(&scale,         (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias,      (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (float *) dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (logit_softcap != 0) {
+        scale /= logit_softcap;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t n_head      = neq2;
+    const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floor(log2(n_head));
+
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+    int ith = params->ith;
+
+    static constexpr int Q_TILE_SZ  = ggml_fa_tile_config::Q;
+    static constexpr int KV_TILE_SZ = ggml_fa_tile_config::KV;
+
+    int ir = ir0;
+    while (ir < ir1) {
+        // q indices for the start of this tile
+        const int iq3 = ir/(neq2*neq1);
+        const int iq2 = (ir - iq3*neq2*neq1)/neq1;
+        const int iq1 = (ir - iq3*neq2*neq1 - iq2*neq1);
+
+        // Number of valid rows in this tile:
+        // - limited by tile size (Q_TILE_SZ)
+        // - limited by chunk boundary (ir1 - ir)
+        // - limited by head boundary (neq1 - iq1) to avoid crossing into next head
+        const int tile_rows = MIN(Q_TILE_SZ, MIN((int)(ir1 - ir), (int)(neq1 - iq1)));
+        GGML_ASSERT(tile_rows > 0);
+
+        const uint32_t h = iq2; // head index
+        const float slope = (max_bias > 0.0f) ? h < n_head_log2 ? powf(m0, h + 1) : powf(m1, 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1) : 1.0f;
+
+        float S[Q_TILE_SZ];
+        float M[Q_TILE_SZ];
+
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < Q_TILE_SZ; ++i) {
+            S[i] = 0.;
+            M[i] = -INFINITY;
+        }
+
+        // Per-thread scratch layout:
+        // Q_q:    Q_TILE_SZ * DK (converted Q tile — F32 for GEMM, KV type for scalar)
+        // KQ:     Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ (attention scores in float)
+        // mask:   Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ (mask in float)
+        // VKQ32:  Q_TILE_SZ * DV (FP32 output accumulator)
+        // V32:    KV_TILE_SZ * DV (F32 buffer for V tile)
+        // K_f32:  KV_TILE_SZ * DK (F32 buffer for K tile — GEMM path)
+        float * base  = (float *) params->wdata + ith*(Q_TILE_SZ*DK + 2*Q_TILE_SZ*KV_TILE_SZ + Q_TILE_SZ*DV + KV_TILE_SZ*DV + KV_TILE_SZ*DK + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32);
+
+        void  * Q_q    = base;
+        float * KQ     = (float *)((char *)base + Q_TILE_SZ * DK * sizeof(float));
+        float * mask32 = KQ + Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ;
+        float * VKQ32  = mask32 + Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ;
+        float * V32    = VKQ32 + Q_TILE_SZ * DV;
+        float * K_f32  = V32 + KV_TILE_SZ * DV;
+
+        memset(VKQ32, 0, Q_TILE_SZ * DV * sizeof(float));
+        memset(mask32, 0, Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ * sizeof(float));
+
+        // k indices
+        const int ik3 = iq3 / rk3;
+        const int ik2 = iq2 / rk2;
+
+        // v indices
+        const int iv3 = iq3 / rv3;
+        const int iv2 = iq2 / rv2;
+
+        {
+            float * Q_f32 = (float *)Q_q;
+            for (int tq = 0; tq < tile_rows; tq++) {
+                const float * pq = (const float *) ((char *) q->data + ((iq1 + tq)*nbq1 + iq2*nbq2 + iq3*nbq3));
+                memcpy(Q_f32 + tq * DK, pq, DK * sizeof(float));
+            }
+            for (int tq = tile_rows; tq < Q_TILE_SZ; tq++) {
+                memset(Q_f32 + tq * DK, 0, DK * sizeof(float));
+            }
+        }
+
+        memset(K_f32, 0, DK * KV_TILE_SZ * sizeof(float));
+        memset(V32,   0, KV_TILE_SZ * DV * sizeof(float));
+
+        for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < nek1; ic += KV_TILE_SZ) {
+            const int kv_tile = (int)std::min((int64_t)KV_TILE_SZ, nek1 - ic);
+
+            // skip the tile entirely if all the masks are -inf
+            if (mask) {
+                bool can_skip = true;
+                for (int tq = 0; tq < tile_rows; tq++) {
+                    const ggml_fp16_t * mp_row = (const ggml_fp16_t *)((const char *) mask->data + (iq1 + tq)*mask->nb[1] + (iq2%mask->ne[2])*mask->nb[2] + (iq3%mask->ne[3])*mask->nb[3]);
+                    for (int tk = 0; tk < kv_tile; tk++) {
+                        mask32[tq * KV_TILE_SZ + tk] = slope * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(mp_row[ic + tk]);
+                        if (mask32[tq * KV_TILE_SZ + tk] != -INFINITY) {
+                            can_skip = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // Pad remaining mask entries with -inf
+                    for (int tk = kv_tile; tk < KV_TILE_SZ; tk++) {
+                        mask32[tq * KV_TILE_SZ + tk] = -INFINITY;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (can_skip) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Pack K tile transposed: K_f32[dk][kv] so KV_TILE is contiguous (SIMD dim)
+            // Zero-pad the last tile so the GEMM always operates on KV_TILE_SZ columns
+            for (int tk = 0; tk < kv_tile; tk++) {
+                const char * k_data = (const char *)k->data + (ic + tk)*nbk1 + ik2*nbk2 + ik3*nbk3;
+                if (kv_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    const ggml_fp16_t * k_f16 = (const ggml_fp16_t *)k_data;
+                    for (int64_t dk = 0; dk < DK; dk++) {
+                        K_f32[dk * KV_TILE_SZ + tk] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(k_f16[dk]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    const float * k_f32_src = (const float *)k_data;
+                    for (int64_t dk = 0; dk < DK; dk++) {
+                        K_f32[dk * KV_TILE_SZ + tk] = k_f32_src[dk];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            memset(KQ, 0, Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ * sizeof(float));
+            simd_gemm(KQ, (const float *)Q_q, K_f32, Q_TILE_SZ, DK, KV_TILE_SZ);
+            ggml_vec_scale_f32(Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ, KQ, scale);
+
+            // Set padded KQ entries to -inf so softmax gives them zero weight
+            if (kv_tile < KV_TILE_SZ) {
+                for (int tq = 0; tq < Q_TILE_SZ; tq++) {
+                    for (int tk = kv_tile; tk < KV_TILE_SZ; tk++) {
+                        KQ[tq * KV_TILE_SZ + tk] = -INFINITY;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+                ggml_vec_tanh_f32(Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ, KQ, KQ);
+                ggml_vec_scale_f32(Q_TILE_SZ * KV_TILE_SZ, KQ, logit_softcap);
+            }
+
+            if (mask) {
+                ggml_vec_add_f32(tile_rows * KV_TILE_SZ, KQ, KQ, mask32);
+            }
+
+            bool skip[Q_TILE_SZ] = {};
+
+            for (int tq = 0; tq < Q_TILE_SZ; tq++) {
+                float * kq_row = KQ + tq * KV_TILE_SZ;
+
+                float tile_max;
+                ggml_vec_max_f32(KV_TILE_SZ, &tile_max, kq_row);
+
+                if (tile_max == -INFINITY) {
+                    skip[tq] = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const float Mold = M[tq];
+                const float Mnew = fmaxf(Mold, tile_max);
+
+                if (Mnew > Mold) {
+                    const float ms = expf(Mold - Mnew);
+                    ggml_vec_scale_f32(DV, VKQ32 + tq * DV, ms);
+                    S[tq] *= ms;
+                }
+                M[tq] = Mnew;
+
+
+                S[tq] += ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(KV_TILE_SZ, kq_row, kq_row, Mnew);
+            }
+
+            // V accumulation: VKQ32 += softmax(KQ) * V
+            // Pack V tile to contiguous F32, zero-padded
+            for (int tk = 0; tk < kv_tile; tk++) {
+                const char * v_data = (const char *)v->data + (ic + tk)*nbv1 + iv2*nbv2 + iv3*nbv3;
+                if (kv_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    ggml_fp16_to_fp32_row((const ggml_fp16_t *)v_data, V32 + tk * DV, DV);
+                } else {
+                    memcpy(V32 + tk * DV, v_data, DV * sizeof(float));
+                }
+            }
+            for (int tq = 0; tq < Q_TILE_SZ; tq++) {
+                if (skip[tq]) {
+                    memset(KQ + tq * KV_TILE_SZ, 0, KV_TILE_SZ * sizeof(float));
+                }
+            }
+            simd_gemm(VKQ32, KQ, V32, Q_TILE_SZ, KV_TILE_SZ, DV);
+        }
+
+        // sinks (apply only to valid rows in the tile)
+        if (sinks) {
+            const float s = ((float *)((char *) sinks->data))[h];
+
+            for (int tq = 0; tq < tile_rows; tq++) {
+                float ms = 1.0f;
+                float vs = 1.0f;
+
+                if (s > M[tq]) {
+                    ms = expf(M[tq] - s);
+                    ggml_vec_scale_f32(DV, VKQ32 + tq * DV, ms);
+                } else {
+                    vs = expf(s - M[tq]);
+                }
+
+                S[tq] = S[tq] * ms + vs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int tq = 0; tq < tile_rows; tq++) {
+            // V /= S
+            const float S_inv = S[tq] == 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f / S[tq];
+            ggml_vec_scale_f32(DV, VKQ32 + tq * DV, S_inv);
+
+            // dst indices
+            const int i1 = iq1 + tq;
+            const int i2 = iq2;
+            const int i3 = iq3;
+
+            // permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
+            memcpy((char *) dst->data + (i3*ne2*ne1 + i2 + i1*ne1)*nb1, VKQ32 + tq * DV, nb1);
+        }
+
+        ir += tile_rows;
+    }
+}
+
+// Reduction function: combines partial results across KV chunks
+// Partials layout in wdata: [n_q_heads][n_chunks][2 + DV]
+static void ggml_flash_attn_ext_reduce_partials(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst,
+        const int64_t n_chunks,
+        const int64_t chunk_size) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * q = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * k = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * v = dst->src[2];
+
+    const int64_t DK        = k->ne[0];
+    const int64_t DV        = v->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nek1      = k->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_q_heads = q->ne[2];
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t wdata_per_thread = DK + 2*DV + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32;
+    float *       thread_wdata     = (float *) params->wdata + ith * wdata_per_thread;
+
+    const int64_t partials_offset  = nth * (DK + 2*DV + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32);
+    const int64_t partial_size     = 2 + DV;
+    const float * partials_base    = (const float *) params->wdata + partials_offset;
+
+    // Output layout
+    const int64_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const size_t  nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+
+    // Each thread reduces a subset of query heads
+    for (int64_t q_head = ith; q_head < n_q_heads; q_head += nth) {
+        float   M_final   = -INFINITY;
+        float   S_final   = 0.0f;
+        float * VKQ_final = thread_wdata;
+        memset(VKQ_final, 0, DV * sizeof(float));
+
+        // Combine partials from all chunks
+        for (int64_t chunk_idx = 0; chunk_idx < n_chunks; ++chunk_idx) {
+            const int64_t ic_start = chunk_idx * chunk_size;
+            if (ic_start >= nek1) continue;
+
+            const float * partial   = partials_base + (q_head * n_chunks + chunk_idx) * partial_size;
+            const float   M_chunk   = partial[0];
+            const float   S_chunk   = partial[1];
+            const float * VKQ_chunk = partial + 2;
+
+            if (S_chunk == 0.0f) continue;
+
+            const float M_new     = fmaxf(M_final, M_chunk);
+            const float scale_old = expf(M_final - M_new);
+            const float scale_new = expf(M_chunk - M_new);
+
+            for (int64_t d = 0; d < DV; ++d) {
+                VKQ_final[d] = VKQ_final[d] * scale_old + VKQ_chunk[d] * scale_new;
+            }
+            S_final = S_final * scale_old + S_chunk * scale_new;
+            M_final = M_new;
+        }
+
+        // Normalize and write to output
+        if (S_final != 0.0f) {
+            const float S_inv = 1.0f / S_final;
+            ggml_vec_scale_f32(DV, VKQ_final, S_inv);
+        }
+        // iq1=0, iq3=0 for decode
+        memcpy((char *) dst->data + (0*ne2*ne1 + q_head + 0*ne1)*nb1, VKQ_final, nb1);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * q     = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * k     = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * v     = dst->src[2];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neq, q,   ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbq, q,   nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nek, k,   ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbk, k,   nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nev, v,   ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbv, v,   nb)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst, ne)
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst, nb)
+
+    const int64_t DK = nek0;
+    const int64_t DV = nev0;
+    const int64_t N  = neq1;
+
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == DV);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == N);
+
+    // input tensor rows must be contiguous
+    GGML_ASSERT(nbq0 == ggml_type_size(q->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nbk0 == ggml_type_size(k->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nbv0 == ggml_type_size(v->type));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(neq0 == DK);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nek0 == DK);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nev0 == DV);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(neq1 == N);
+
+    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    // When use_ref is set, force the vec-only reference implementation (no tiling, no KV-chunking)
+    const bool use_ref = params->use_ref;
+
+    const bool kv_is_f32_or_f16 = (k->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || k->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    const bool use_split_kv_path = !use_ref && (neq1 == 1 && neq3 == 1) && kv_is_f32_or_f16 && (k->type == v->type) && q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && nek1 >= 512;
+
+    if (use_split_kv_path) {
+        const int64_t chunk_size = (nek1 + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+        // Partials buffer layout: [q_head][kv_chunk][M, S, VKQ]
+        const int64_t partial_size  = 2 + DV;
+        float *       partials_base = (float *) params->wdata + nth * (DK + 2*DV + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32);
+
+        const int64_t ic_start = ith * chunk_size;
+        const int64_t ic_end   = std::min(ic_start + chunk_size, nek1);
+
+        const int64_t partial_stride = nth * partial_size;
+        float *       chunk_partials = partials_base + ith * partial_size;
+
+        if (ic_start < nek1) {
+            for (int64_t q_head = 0; q_head < neq2; q_head++) {
+                ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16_one_chunk(
+                    params, dst, q_head, q_head + 1, ic_start, ic_end,
+                    chunk_partials, partial_stride);
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (int64_t q_head = 0; q_head < neq2; q_head++) {
+                float * q_partials = chunk_partials + q_head * partial_stride;
+                q_partials[0] = -INFINITY;  // M
+                q_partials[1] = 0.0f;       // S
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+        ggml_flash_attn_ext_reduce_partials(params, dst, nth, chunk_size);
+    } else {
+
+        // total rows in q
+        const int64_t nr = neq1*neq2*neq3;
+
+        // disable for NUMA
+        const bool disable_chunking = ggml_is_numa();
+
+        // 4x chunks per thread
+        int nth_scaled = nth * 4;
+        int64_t chunk_size = (nr + nth_scaled - 1) / nth_scaled;
+        int64_t nchunk     = (nr + chunk_size - 1) / chunk_size;
+
+        if (nth == 1 || nchunk < nth || disable_chunking) {
+            nchunk = nth;
+        }
+
+        if (ith == 0) {
+            ggml_threadpool_chunk_set(params->threadpool, nth);
         }
 
-        // V /= S
-        const float S_inv = 1.0f/S;
-        ggml_vec_scale_f32(DV, VKQ32, S_inv);
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
 
-        // dst indices
-        const int i1 = iq1;
-        const int i2 = iq2;
-        const int i3 = iq3;
+        const int64_t dr = (nr + nchunk - 1) / nchunk;
+
+        static constexpr int64_t Q_TILE_SZ  = ggml_fa_tile_config::Q;
+        bool use_tiled = !use_ref &&
+                               (q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                                kv_is_f32_or_f16 &&
+                                k->type == v->type &&
+                                neq1 >= Q_TILE_SZ);
+#ifdef GGML_SIMD
+        use_tiled &= (DV % GGML_F32_EPR == 0);
+#endif
+        int current_chunk = ith;
+
+        while (current_chunk < nchunk) {
+            const int64_t ir0 = dr * current_chunk;
+            const int64_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
-        // original
-        //memcpy((char *) dst->data + (i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3), V, nev0*sizeof(float));
+            if (use_tiled) {
+                ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_tiled(params, dst, ir0, ir1);
+            } else {
+                ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16_one_chunk(params, dst, ir0, ir1, 0, nek1, nullptr, 0);
+            }
 
-        // permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
-        memcpy((char *) dst->data + (i3*ne2*ne1 + i2 + i1*ne1)*nb1, VKQ32, nb1);
+            current_chunk = ggml_threadpool_chunk_add(params->threadpool, 1);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        const ggml_tensor * q,
-        const ggml_tensor * k,
-        const ggml_tensor * v,
-        const ggml_tensor * mask,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
     switch (dst->op_params[3]) {
         case GGML_PREC_DEFAULT:
         case GGML_PREC_F32:
             {
                 // uses F32 accumulators
-                ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(params, q, k, v, mask, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext_f16(params, dst);
             } break;
         default:
             {
@@ -7663,120 +9284,214 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_conv(
 static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
         ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0]; // s
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1]; // x
-    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2]; // dt
-    const ggml_tensor * src3 = dst->src[3]; // A
-    const ggml_tensor * src4 = dst->src[4]; // B
-    const ggml_tensor * src5 = dst->src[5]; // C
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0]; // s  {d_state, dim, n_head, n_seqs+}
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1]; // x  {dim, n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2]; // dt {n_head, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    const ggml_tensor * src3 = dst->src[3]; // A  {d_state, n_head} or {1, n_head}
+    const ggml_tensor * src4 = dst->src[4]; // B  {d_state, n_group, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    const ggml_tensor * src5 = dst->src[5]; // C  {d_state, n_group, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs}
+    const ggml_tensor * src6 = dst->src[6]; // ids {n_seqs}
 
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    const int64_t nc  = src0->ne[0]; // d_state
-    const int64_t nr  = src0->ne[1]; // d_inner
-    const int64_t n_t = src1->ne[1]; // number of tokens per sequence
-    const int64_t n_s = src0->ne[2]; // number of sequences in the batch
+    const int64_t nc = src0->ne[0]; // d_state
+    const int64_t nr = src0->ne[1]; // dim
+    const int64_t nh = src1->ne[1]; // n_head
+    const int64_t ng = src4->ne[1];
+    const int64_t nt = src1->ne[2]; // number of tokens per sequence
+    const int64_t ns = src1->ne[3]; // number of sequences in the batch
+
+    // can't use ggml_nbytes because src1 is not necessarily contiguous
+    const int64_t s_off = ggml_nelements(src1) * ggml_element_size(src1);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(src1) + ggml_nelements(src0) == ggml_nelements(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(src1) + nc*nr*nh*ns == ggml_nelements(dst));
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src2->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src3->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src4->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src5->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
-    // required for the dot product between s and C
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[1] == src0->ne[0]*sizeof(float));
-    // required for per-sequence offsets for states
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[2] == src0->ne[0]*src0->ne[1]*sizeof(float));
-    // required to get correct offset for state destination (i.e. src1->nb[3])
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[3] == src1->ne[0]*src1->ne[1]*src1->ne[2]*sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src6->nb[0] == sizeof(int32_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nh % ng == 0);
 
-    // rows per thread
-    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+    // heads per thread
+    const int dh = (nh + nth - 1)/nth;
 
-    // row range for this thread
-    const int ir0 = dr*ith;
-    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
-    const int ir  = ir1 - ir0;
+    // head range for this thread
+    const int ih0 = dh*ith;
+    const int ih1 = MIN(ih0 + dh, nh);
+
+    const int32_t * ids = (const int32_t *) src6->data;
+
+    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ns; ++i3) {
+        const float * s0 = (const float *) ((const char *) src0->data + ids[i3]*(src0->nb[3])); // {d_state, dim, nh, ns}
+              float * s  = (      float *) ((      char *) dst->data  + i3*(src0->nb[3]) + s_off); // {d_state, dim, nh, ns}
+
+        for (int i2 = 0; i2 < nt; ++i2) {
+            const float * x  = (const float *) ((const char *) src1->data + i2*(src1->nb[2]) + i3*(src1->nb[3])); // {dim, nh, nt, ns}
+            const float * dt = (const float *) ((const char *) src2->data + i2*(src2->nb[1]) + i3*(src2->nb[2])); // {nh, nt, ns}
+            const float * A  = (const float *) ((const char *) src3->data); // {d_state, nh} or {1, nh}
+            const float * B  = (const float *) ((const char *) src4->data + i2*(src4->nb[2]) + i3*(src4->nb[3])); // {d_state, ng, nt, ns}
+            const float * C  = (const float *) ((const char *) src5->data + i2*(src5->nb[2]) + i3*(src5->nb[3])); // {d_state, ng, nt, ns}
+                  float * y  = (      float *) ((      char *) dst->data + i2*(nh*nr*sizeof(float)) + i3*(nt*nh*nr*sizeof(float))); // {dim, nh, nt, ns}
+
+            if (src3->ne[0] == 1) {
+                // Mamba-2 has a scalar decay factor per head; dA can be outside the state-wise loop
+
+                // n_head
+                for (int h = ih0; h < ih1; ++h) {
+                    // ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/62db608da60f6fc790b8ed9f4b3225e95ca15fde/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/softplus.py#L16
+                    const float dt_soft_plus = ggml_compute_softplus_f32(dt[h]);
+                    const float dA = expf(dt_soft_plus * A[h]);
+                    const int g = h / (nh / ng); // repeat_interleave
+
+                    // dim
+                    for (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr; ++i1) {
+                        const int ii = i1 + h*nr;
+                        const float x_dt = x[ii] * dt_soft_plus;
+                        float sumf = 0.0f;
+#if defined(GGML_SIMD)
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+                        const int ggml_f32_epr = svcntw();
+                        const int ggml_f32_step = 1 * ggml_f32_epr;
+
+                        const int np = (nc & ~(ggml_f32_step - 1));
+
+                        GGML_F32_VEC sum = GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO;
+
+                        GGML_F32_VEC adA = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(dA);
+                        GGML_F32_VEC axdt = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(x_dt);
+
+                        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f32_step) {
+                            // TODO: maybe unroll more?
+                            for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) {
+                                GGML_F32_VEC t0 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(s0 + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + ii*nc);
+                                GGML_F32_VEC t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + g*nc);
+                                GGML_F32_VEC t2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + g*nc);
+
+                                t0 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(t0, adA);
+                                t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(t1, axdt);
 
-    #ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
-        for (int i3 = 0; i3 < n_s; ++i3) {
-            for (int i2 = 0; i2 < n_t; ++i2) {
-                const float * s0 = (const float *) ((const char *) src0->data + ir0*(src0->nb[1]) + i3*(src0->nb[2])); // {d_state, d_inner, n_s}
-                const float * x  = (const float *) ((const char *) src1->data + ir0*(src1->nb[0]) + i2*(src1->nb[1]) + i3*(src1->nb[2])); // {d_inner, n_t, n_s}
-                const float * dt = (const float *) ((const char *) src2->data + ir0*(src2->nb[0]) + i2*(src2->nb[1]) + i3*(src2->nb[2])); // {d_inner, n_t, n_s}
-                const float * A  = (const float *) ((const char *) src3->data + ir0*(src3->nb[1])); // {d_state, d_inner}
-                const float * B  = (const float *) ((const char *) src4->data +  i2*(src4->nb[1]) + i3*(src4->nb[2])); // {d_state, n_t, n_s}
-                const float * C  = (const float *) ((const char *) src5->data +  i2*(src5->nb[1]) + i3*(src5->nb[2])); // {d_state, n_t, n_s}
-                    float * y  = (      float *) ((      char *) dst->data  + ir0*(src1->nb[0]) + i2*(src1->nb[1]) + i3*(src1->nb[2])); // {d_inner, n_t, n_s}
-                    float * s  = (      float *) ((      char *) dst->data  + ir0*(src0->nb[1]) + i3*(src0->nb[2]) +     src1->nb[3]);  // {d_state, d_inner, n_s}
-
-                // use the output as the source for the next token-wise iterations
-                if (i2 > 0) { s0 = s; }
-
-                // d_inner
-                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ir; ++i1) {
-                    float dt_soft_plus = dt[i1] <= 20.0f ? log1pf(expf(dt[i1])) : dt[i1];
-                    float x_dt = x[i1] * dt_soft_plus;
-                    svfloat32_t vx_dt = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(x_dt);
-                    svfloat32_t vdt_soft_plus = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(dt_soft_plus);
-                    svfloat32_t r1_vector = GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO;
-
-                    for (int64_t k = 0; k < nc; k += svcntw()) {
-                        svfloat32_t vA = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&A[i1*nc + k]);
-                        svfloat32_t vB = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&B[k]);
-                        svfloat32_t vC = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&C[k]);
-                        svfloat32_t vs0 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&s0[i1*nc + k]);
-
-                        svfloat32_t t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vdt_soft_plus, vA);
-                        t1 = exp_ps_sve(svptrue_b32(), t1);
-                        svfloat32_t t2 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vx_dt, vB);
-
-                        vs0 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(vs0, t1, t2);
-                        r1_vector = GGML_F32_VEC_ADD(GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vs0, vC), r1_vector);
-
-                        GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(&s[i1*nc + k], vs0);
+                                t0 = GGML_F32_VEC_ADD(t0, t1);
+
+                                sum = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum, t0, t2);
+
+                                GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(s + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + ii*nc, t0);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        sumf = GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(sum);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+                        // todo: RVV implementation
+                        const int np = 0;
+    #else
+                        const int np = (nc & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
+
+                        GGML_F32_VEC sum[GGML_F32_ARR] = { GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO };
+
+                        GGML_F32_VEC adA = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(dA);
+                        GGML_F32_VEC axdt = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(x_dt);
+
+                        GGML_F32_VEC ax[GGML_F32_ARR];
+                        GGML_F32_VEC ay[GGML_F32_ARR];
+                        GGML_F32_VEC az[GGML_F32_ARR];
+
+                        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F32_STEP) {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F32_ARR; j++) {
+                                ax[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(s0 + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + ii*nc);
+                                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + g*nc);
+                                az[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + g*nc);
+
+                                ax[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(ax[j], adA);
+                                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(ay[j], axdt);
+
+                                ax[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_ADD(ax[j], ay[j]);
+
+                                sum[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum[j], ax[j], az[j]);
+
+                                GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(s + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + ii*nc, ax[j]);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
+                        GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum);
+    #endif
+#else
+                        const int np = 0;
+#endif
+                        // d_state
+                        for (int i0 = np; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
+                            const int i = i0 + ii*nc;
+                            const int ig = i0 + g*nc;
+                            // state = prev_state * dA + dB * x
+                            const float state = (s0[i] * dA) + (B[ig] * x_dt);
+                            // y = rowwise_dotprod(state, C)
+                            sumf += state * C[ig];
+                            s[i] = state;
+                        }
+                        y[ii] = sumf;
                     }
-                    y[i1] = GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(r1_vector);
                 }
-            }
-        }
-    #else
-        for (int i3 = 0; i3 < n_s; ++i3) {
-            for (int i2 = 0; i2 < n_t; ++i2) {
-                const float * s0 = (const float *) ((const char *) src0->data + ir0*(src0->nb[1]) + i3*(src0->nb[2])); // {d_state, d_inner, n_s}
-                const float * x  = (const float *) ((const char *) src1->data + ir0*(src1->nb[0]) + i2*(src1->nb[1]) + i3*(src1->nb[2])); // {d_inner, n_t, n_s}
-                const float * dt = (const float *) ((const char *) src2->data + ir0*(src2->nb[0]) + i2*(src2->nb[1]) + i3*(src2->nb[2])); // {d_inner, n_t, n_s}
-                const float * A  = (const float *) ((const char *) src3->data + ir0*(src3->nb[1])); // {d_state, d_inner}
-                const float * B  = (const float *) ((const char *) src4->data +  i2*(src4->nb[1]) + i3*(src4->nb[2])); // {d_state, n_t, n_s}
-                const float * C  = (const float *) ((const char *) src5->data +  i2*(src5->nb[1]) + i3*(src5->nb[2])); // {d_state, n_t, n_s}
-                    float * y  = (      float *) ((      char *) dst->data  + ir0*(src1->nb[0]) + i2*(src1->nb[1]) + i3*(src1->nb[2])); // {d_inner, n_t, n_s}
-                    float * s  = (      float *) ((      char *) dst->data  + ir0*(src0->nb[1]) + i3*(src0->nb[2]) +     src1->nb[3]);  // {d_state, d_inner, n_s}
-
-                // use the output as the source for the next token-wise iterations
-                if (i2 > 0) { s0 = s; }
-
-                // d_inner
-                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < ir; ++i1) {
-                    // ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/34076d664838588a3c97727b263478ab9f621a07/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/selective_state_update.py#L78
-                    float dt_soft_plus = dt[i1] <= 20.0f ? log1pf(expf(dt[i1])) : dt[i1];
-                    float x_dt = x[i1] * dt_soft_plus;
-                    float sumf = 0.0f;
-                    // d_state
-                    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
-                        int i = i0 + i1*nc;
-                        // state = prev_state * dA + dB * x
-                        float state = (s0[i] * expf(dt_soft_plus * A[i])) + (B[i0] * x_dt);
-                        // y = rowwise_dotprod(state, C)
-                        sumf += state * C[i0];
-                        s[i] = state;
+            } else {
+                // Mamba-1 has an element-wise decay factor for the states
+
+                // n_head
+                for (int h = ih0; h < ih1; ++h) {
+                    // ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/62db608da60f6fc790b8ed9f4b3225e95ca15fde/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/softplus.py#L16
+                    const float dt_soft_plus = ggml_compute_softplus_f32(dt[h]);
+                    const int g = h / (nh / ng); // repeat_interleave
+
+                    // dim
+                    for (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr; ++i1) {
+                        const int ii = i1 + h*nr;
+                        const float x_dt = x[ii] * dt_soft_plus;
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+                        svfloat32_t vx_dt = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(x_dt);
+                        svfloat32_t vdt_soft_plus = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(dt_soft_plus);
+                        svfloat32_t r1_vector = GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO;
+
+                        // d_state
+                        // TODO: what happens when (d_state % svcntw()) != 0?
+                        for (int64_t k = 0; k < nc; k += svcntw()) {
+                            svfloat32_t vA = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&A[h*nc + k]);
+                            svfloat32_t vB = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&B[k + g*nc]);
+                            svfloat32_t vC = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&C[k + g*nc]);
+                            svfloat32_t vs0 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&s0[ii*nc + k]);
+
+                            svfloat32_t t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vdt_soft_plus, vA);
+                            t1 = exp_ps_sve(svptrue_b32(), t1);
+                            svfloat32_t t2 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vx_dt, vB);
+
+                            vs0 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(t2, vs0, t1);
+                            r1_vector = GGML_F32_VEC_ADD(GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vs0, vC), r1_vector);
+
+                            GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(&s[ii*nc + k], vs0);
+                        }
+                        y[ii] = GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(r1_vector);
+#else
+                        float sumf = 0.0f;
+                        // NOTE: can't really use GGML_SIMD here because d_state is usually 16
+                        //       and also because expf is used within the loop.
+                        // d_state
+                        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
+                            const int i = i0 + ii*nc;
+                            const int ig = i0 + g*nc;
+                            // state = prev_state * dA + dB * x
+                            const float state = (s0[i] * expf(dt_soft_plus * A[i0 + h*nc])) + (B[ig] * x_dt);
+                            // y = rowwise_dotprod(state, C)
+                            sumf += state * C[ig];
+                            s[i] = state;
+                        }
+                        y[ii] = sumf;
+#endif
                     }
-                    y[i1] = sumf;
                 }
             }
+            // use the output as the source when it's not the first token-wise iteration
+            s0 = s;
         }
-    #endif
+    }
 }
 
 void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan(
@@ -7918,7 +9633,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_win_unpart(
     }
 }
 
-//gmml_compute_forward_unary
+//ggml_compute_forward_unary
 
 void ggml_compute_forward_unary(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
@@ -7987,6 +9702,74 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_unary(
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_exp(params, dst);
             } break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_floor(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_ceil(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_round(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_trunc(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_xielu(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_expm1(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_softplus(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+//ggml_compute_forward_glu
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_glu(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_glu_op op = ggml_get_glu_op(dst);
+
+    switch (op) {
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_reglu(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_swiglu(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_swiglu_oai(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_erf(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_geglu_quick(params, dst);
+            } break;
         default:
             {
                 GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
@@ -8543,6 +10326,265 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_gla(
     }
 }
 
+static void ggml_compute_forward_solve_tri_f32(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // A (lower triangular)
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // B (RHS)
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne01); // A must be square
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0  == ne10); // solution cols == B cols
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne1  == ne11); // solution rows == B rows
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne02 == ne12 && ne12 == ne2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == ne13 && ne13 == ne3);
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t k = ne10;   // number of RHS columns
+    const int64_t n = ne11;   // A is n×n
+    const int64_t nr = ne02 * ne03 * k; // we're parallelizing on columns here, so seq x token x column will be the unit
+
+    // chunks per thread
+    const int64_t dr = (nr + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // chunk range for this thread
+    const int64_t ir0 = dr*ith;
+    const int64_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    const float * A = (const float *) src0->data;  // [n, n, B1, B2]
+    const float * B = (const float *) src1->data;  // [n, k, B1, B2]
+          float * X = (      float *) dst->data;   // [n, k, B1, B2]
+
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t i03 = ir/(ne02*k);
+        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne02*k)/k;
+        const int64_t i01 = (ir - i03*ne02*k - i02*k);
+
+        const float * A_batch = A + i02 * nb02 / sizeof(float) + i03 * nb03 / sizeof(float);
+        const float * B_batch = B + i02 * nb12 / sizeof(float) + i03 * nb13 / sizeof(float);
+
+        float * X_batch = X + i02 * nb2 / sizeof(float) + i03 * nb3 / sizeof(float);
+
+        for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < n; ++i00) {
+            float sum = 0.0f;
+            for (int64_t t = 0; t < i00; ++t) {
+                sum += A_batch[i00 * n + t] * X_batch[t * k + i01];
+            }
+
+            const float diag = A_batch[i00 * n + i00];
+            assert(diag != 0.0f && "Zero diagonal in triangular matrix");
+
+            X_batch[i00 * k + i01] = (B_batch[i00 * k + i01] - sum) / diag;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_solve_tri(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        ggml_compute_forward_solve_tri_f32(params, dst);
+    } else {
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net_one_chunk(
+    const ggml_compute_params * params,
+    ggml_tensor * dst,
+    int64_t ir0,
+    int64_t ir1) {
+
+    ggml_tensor * src_q     = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src_k     = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * src_v     = dst->src[2];
+    ggml_tensor * src_g     = dst->src[3];
+    ggml_tensor * src_beta  = dst->src[4];
+    ggml_tensor * src_state = dst->src[5];
+
+    const int64_t S_v      = src_v->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H        = src_v->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_tokens = src_v->ne[2];
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = src_v->ne[3];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_q));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_k));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_v));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_g));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_beta));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_state));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src_g->ne[0] == 1 || src_g->ne[0] == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src_beta->ne[0] == 1);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neq, src_q, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbq, src_q, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nek, src_k, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbk, src_k, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nev, src_v, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbv, src_v, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neg, src_g, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbg, src_g, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbb, src_beta, nb);
+
+    const bool kda = (neg0 == S_v);
+
+    // scratch layout per thread: [delta(S_v)]
+    const int64_t scratch_per_thread = S_v;
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+
+    float * delta = (float *)params->wdata + ith * scratch_per_thread + CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32;
+
+    // output layout: [attn_scores | new_states]
+    // attn_scores: S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs floats
+    // new_states:  S_v * S_v * H * n_seqs floats
+    const int64_t attn_score_elems = S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs;
+    float * attn_out_base  = (float *)dst->data;
+    float * state_out_base = (float *)dst->data + attn_score_elems;
+
+    const float * state_in_base = (const float *)src_state->data;
+
+  //const int64_t rq1 = nev1 / neq1;
+  //const int64_t rk1 = nev1 / nek1;
+    const int64_t rq3 = nev3 / neq3;
+    const int64_t rk3 = nev3 / nek3;
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrtf((float) S_v);
+
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t iv1 = ir % H; // head_index
+        const int64_t iv3 = ir / H; // sequence
+
+        const int64_t iq1 = iv1 % neq1;
+        const int64_t ik1 = iv1 % nek1;
+
+        const int64_t iq3 = iv3 / rq3;
+        const int64_t ik3 = iv3 / rk3;
+
+        float * s_out = state_out_base + (iv3 * H + iv1) * S_v * S_v;
+
+        // copy input state into output buffer and operate in-place
+        const float * s_in = state_in_base + (iv3 * H + iv1) * S_v * S_v;
+        memcpy(s_out, s_in, S_v * S_v * sizeof(float));
+
+        // attn output pointer for first token of this (head, seq)
+        float * attn_data = attn_out_base + (iv3 * n_tokens * H + iv1) * S_v;
+
+        for (int64_t t = 0; t < n_tokens; t++) {
+            const float * q_d = (const float *)((const char *)src_q->data + iq3 * nbq3 + t * nbq2 + iq1 * nbq1);
+            const float * k_d = (const float *)((const char *)src_k->data + ik3 * nbk3 + t * nbk2 + ik1 * nbk1);
+            const float * v_d = (const float *)((const char *)src_v->data + iv3 * nbv3 + t * nbv2 + iv1 * nbv1);
+
+            const float beta_val = *(const float *)((const char *)src_beta->data + iv3 * nbb3 + t * nbb2 + iv1 * nbb1);
+            const float * g_d    =  (const float *)((const char *)src_g->data    + iv3 * nbg3 + t * nbg2 + iv1 * nbg1);
+
+            // state is stored transposed: s_out[j*S_v + i] = S[i][j]
+            // so row j of s_out = column j of S (contiguous access)
+
+            if (kda) {
+                // precompute exp(g) into delta scratch (reused below)
+                for (int64_t i = 0; i < S_v; ++i) {
+                    delta[i] = expf(g_d[i]);
+                }
+                // S[i][:] *= exp(g[i]) => for each row j of M: M[j][i] *= exp(g[i])
+                for (int64_t j = 0; j < S_v; ++j) {
+                    ggml_vec_mul_f32(S_v, &s_out[j * S_v], &s_out[j * S_v], delta);
+                }
+            } else {
+                ggml_vec_scale_f32(S_v * S_v, s_out, expf(g_d[0]));
+            }
+
+            // delta[j] = sum_i S[i][j] * k[i] = dot(row j of M, k)
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < S_v; ++j) {
+                float sum = 0.0f;
+                ggml_vec_dot_f32(S_v, &sum, 0, &s_out[j * S_v], 0, k_d, 0, 1);
+                delta[j] = (v_d[j] - sum) * beta_val;
+            }
+
+            // outer product: S[i][j] += k[i] * delta[j] => M[j][i] += delta[j] * k[i]
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < S_v; ++j) {
+                ggml_vec_mad_f32(S_v, &s_out[j * S_v], k_d, delta[j]);
+            }
+
+            // attn_out[j] = sum_i S[i][j] * q[i] = dot(row j of M, q)
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < S_v; ++j) {
+                float sum = 0.0f;
+                ggml_vec_dot_f32(S_v, &sum, 0, &s_out[j * S_v], 0, q_d, 0, 1);
+                attn_data[j] = sum * scale;
+            }
+
+            attn_data += S_v * H; // advance to next token
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
+    int64_t nr = V->ne[1] * V->ne[3];
+
+    // disable for NUMA
+    const bool disable_chunking = ggml_is_numa();
+
+    int nth = params->nth;
+    int ith = params->ith;
+
+    // 4x chunks per thread
+    int nth_scaled = nth * 4;
+    int64_t chunk_size = (nr + nth_scaled - 1) / nth_scaled;
+    int64_t nchunk     = (nr + chunk_size - 1) / chunk_size;
+
+    if (nth == 1 || nchunk < nth || disable_chunking) {
+      nchunk = nth;
+    }
+
+    if (ith == 0) {
+      ggml_threadpool_chunk_set(params->threadpool, nth);
+    }
+
+    ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+    const int64_t dr = (nr + nchunk - 1) / nchunk;
+
+    int current_chunk = ith;
+
+    while (current_chunk < nchunk) {
+        const int64_t ir0 = dr * current_chunk;
+        const int64_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+        ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net_one_chunk(params, dst, ir0, ir1);
+        current_chunk = ggml_threadpool_chunk_add(params->threadpool, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
 // ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7
 
 static void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7_f32(
@@ -8582,8 +10624,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7_f32(
     int64_t h_stride_2d = head_size * head_size;
 
     #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-        #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
-            // scalar Route to scalar implementation       //TODO: Write SVE code
+        #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) || defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+            // scalar Route to scalar implementation       //TODO: Write SVE code and RVV code
             for (int64_t t = 0; t < T; t++) {
                 int64_t t_offset = t * t_stride;
                 int64_t state_offset = head_size * C * (t / (T / n_seqs));
@@ -8868,7 +10910,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_cross_entropy_loss_f32(
             assert(!isnan(s0[i]));
             assert(!isnan(s1[i]));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
 
         float max = -INFINITY;
         ggml_vec_max_f32(nc, &max, s0);
@@ -8887,7 +10929,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_cross_entropy_loss_f32(
             assert(!isnan(st[i]));
             assert(!isinf(st[i]));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
     sums[ith] = sum_thread;
     ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
@@ -8960,7 +11002,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_cross_entropy_loss_back_f32(
             assert(!isnan(s0[i]));
             assert(!isnan(s1[i]));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
 
         // soft_max
         float max = -INFINITY;
@@ -8978,7 +11020,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_cross_entropy_loss_back_f32(
             assert(!isnan(ds0[i]));
             assert(!isinf(ds0[i]));
         }
-#endif
+#endif // NDEBUG
     }
 }
 
@@ -9031,6 +11073,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_adamw_f32(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     const float * adamw_params_ptr = ggml_get_data_f32(adamw_params);
+
     const float alpha  = adamw_params_ptr[0];
     const float beta1  = adamw_params_ptr[1];
     const float beta2  = adamw_params_ptr[2];
@@ -9038,7 +11081,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_adamw_f32(
     const float wd     = adamw_params_ptr[4];
     const float beta1h = adamw_params_ptr[5];
     const float beta2h = adamw_params_ptr[6];
-
+    const float keep   = 1.f - alpha * wd;
     for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
         const int64_t i03 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
         const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
@@ -9061,7 +11104,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_adamw_f32(
             // The weight decay is applied independently of the Adam momenta m and v.
             // This is NOT equivalent to l2 regularization that adds w[i00]*w[i00] to the loss.
             // See: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.05101v3.pdf
-            w[i00] = w[i00]*(1.0f - alpha*wd) - alpha*mh/vh;
+            w[i00] = w[i00] * keep - alpha * mh / vh;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -9083,3 +11126,63 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_adamw(
             }
     }
 }
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_sgd_f32(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0       = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0_grad  = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * sgd_params = dst->src[2];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src0_grad));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(sgd_params) == 2);
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    // using adamw param subset we care about - alpha, wd - could have a separate struct
+    const float * sgd_params_ptr   = ggml_get_data_f32(sgd_params);
+    const float   alpha            = sgd_params_ptr[0];
+    const float   keep             = 1.f - alpha * sgd_params_ptr[1];
+
+    for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t i03 = ir / (ne02 * ne01);
+        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03 * ne02 * ne01) / ne01;
+        const int64_t i01 = (ir - i03 * ne02 * ne01 - i02 * ne01);
+
+        const size_t offset = i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01;
+
+        float *       w = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + offset);                   // weight
+        const float * g = (const float *) ((const char *) src0_grad->data + offset);  // grad
+
+        for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; ++i00) {
+            w[i00] = w[i00] * keep - alpha * g[i00];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_sgd(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_sgd_f32(params, dst);
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error - sgd is F32 only");
+            }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h
index 2d8544d7d3d..3fa1443abc4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h
@@ -20,16 +20,21 @@
 
 static const size_t CACHE_LINE_SIZE_F32 = CACHE_LINE_SIZE/sizeof(float);
 
+// Work buffer size for im2col operations in CONV2D
+#define GGML_IM2COL_WORK_SIZE (16 * 1024 * 1024)
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 void ggml_compute_forward_dup(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_add(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_add_id(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_add1(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_acc(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_sum(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_cumsum(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_mean(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_argmax(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_count_equal(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -47,12 +52,9 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_scale(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struc
 void ggml_compute_forward_set(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_cpy(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_cont(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_reshape(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_view(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_permute(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_transpose(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_set_rows(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_diag(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_inf(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_zero(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -64,6 +66,9 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_clamp(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struc
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_1d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_im2col(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_back_f32(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_dw(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -76,14 +81,11 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_roll(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct
 void ggml_compute_forward_arange(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_timestep_embedding(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_argsort(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_top_k(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext(
-    const struct ggml_compute_params * params,
-    const struct ggml_tensor * q,
-    const struct ggml_tensor * k,
-    const struct ggml_tensor * v,
-    const struct ggml_tensor * mask,
-    struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_tri(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_fill(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back(
         const struct ggml_compute_params * params,
         const bool masked,
@@ -93,11 +95,14 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, st
 void ggml_compute_forward_win_part(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_win_unpart(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_unary(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_glu(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_get_rel_pos(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_add_rel_pos(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv6(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_solve_tri(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_gla(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_gated_delta_net(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_map_custom1(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_map_custom2(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_map_custom3(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -105,7 +110,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_custom(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, stru
 void ggml_compute_forward_cross_entropy_loss(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_cross_entropy_loss_back(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_adamw(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-
+void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_opt_step_sgd(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.c
index d2e705f287a..7ebbb9c6f15 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "ggml-common.h"
 
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 #include "ggml-quants.h"
 #include "quants.h"
 
@@ -45,6 +46,14 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRI
     quantize_row_q8_1_ref(x, y, k);
 }
 
+void quantize_row_mxfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
+    quantize_row_mxfp4_ref(x, y, k);
+}
+
+void quantize_row_nvfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
+    quantize_row_nvfp4_ref(x, y, k);
+}
+
 //
 // 2-6 bit quantization in super-blocks
 //
@@ -137,7 +146,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        sumf += sumi*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -174,12 +183,79 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
 }
 
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib].e);
+
+        int sumi1 = 0;
+        int sumi2 = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_MXFP4/2; ++j) {
+            sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j +          0] * kvalues_mxfp4[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
+            sumi2 += y[ib].qs[j + QK_MXFP4/2] * kvalues_mxfp4[x[ib].qs[j] >>  4];
+        }
+        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
+    }
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+// NVFP4: super-block of 64 elements = 4 sub-blocks of 16 = 2 q8_0 blocks
+void ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_NVFP4 == 0);
+
+    const block_nvfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_NVFP4;
+
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        for (int s_idx = 0; s_idx < 4; ++s_idx) {
+            const float d = ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(x[ib].d[s_idx]);
+            const int q8_block = s_idx / 2;
+            const int q8_off   = (s_idx % 2) * QK_NVFP4_SUB;
+            const float dy = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[2*ib + q8_block].d);
+
+            int sumi_lo = 0, sumi_hi = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < QK_NVFP4_SUB/2; ++j) {
+                const uint8_t qv = x[ib].qs[s_idx*(QK_NVFP4_SUB/2) + j];
+                sumi_lo += y[2*ib + q8_block].qs[q8_off + j +               0] * kvalues_mxfp4[qv & 0xf];
+                sumi_hi += y[2*ib + q8_block].qs[q8_off + j + QK_NVFP4_SUB/2] * kvalues_mxfp4[qv >>  4];
+            }
+
+            sumf += dy * d * (sumi_lo + sumi_hi);
+        }
+    }
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
@@ -217,7 +293,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)) * sumi;
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -260,7 +336,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
         }
 
         int sumi = sumi0 + sumi1;
-        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
+        sumf += (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d))*sumi + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].m)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].s);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -290,7 +366,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
             sumi += x[ib].qs[j]*y[ib].qs[j];
         }
 
-        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        sumf += sumi*(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -342,7 +418,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
             }
         }
 
-        sumf += (float) sum * (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d);
+        sumf += (float) sum * (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -372,7 +448,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
             }
         }
 
-        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         sumf += (float) sumi * d;
     }
@@ -405,8 +481,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
             summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
         }
 
-        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
+        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
         int isum = 0;
         int is = 0;
@@ -504,7 +580,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
             for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
             q8 += 8; a += 8;
         }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
     }
     for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
@@ -577,9 +653,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
             for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
             q8 += 8; a += 8;
         }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
+        const float dmin = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
         sumf -= dmin * sumi;
     }
     for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
@@ -657,9 +733,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
             for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
             q8 += 8; a += 8;
         }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
-        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
+        const float dmin = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
         sumf -= dmin * sumi;
     }
     for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
@@ -714,7 +790,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
             for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
             q8 += 8; a += 8;
         }
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
     }
     for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
@@ -739,7 +815,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs
 
     float sumf = 0.f;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
         int32_t bsum = 0;
@@ -778,7 +854,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
 
     float sumf = 0.f;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint16_t * GGML_RESTRICT q2 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT sc = x[i].scales;
         const int8_t   * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -829,7 +905,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
 
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const int8_t  * q8 = y[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
@@ -882,7 +958,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs
 
     float sumf = 0.f;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q3 = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
@@ -924,7 +1000,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
 
     float sumf = 0.f;
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs = x[i].qs;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh = x[i].qh;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT signs = x[i].signs;
@@ -1002,7 +1078,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
             qs += 4;
         }
 
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -1063,7 +1139,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
             qh += 2;
         }
 
-        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * y[i].d * (sumi1 + IQ1M_DELTA * sumi2);
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * y[i].d * (sumi1 + IQ1M_DELTA * sumi2);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -1087,7 +1163,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
     float sumf = 0;
 
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
         int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
             sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j+       0] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
@@ -1113,7 +1189,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
 
     float sumf = 0;
     for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
-        const float d4d8 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
+        const float d4d8 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
         uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
         const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
         const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.h
index dc4342c87f5..3584aaa43e8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.h
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ void quantize_row_q5_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, in
 void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 
+void quantize_row_mxfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
+void quantize_row_nvfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
+
 void quantize_row_q2_K(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 void quantize_row_q3_K(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 void quantize_row_q4_K(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
@@ -39,6 +42,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
+void ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
@@ -67,8 +73,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
+void ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.cpp
index 692c53e01c0..6b76ab3bfb1 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
 #include "traits.h"
 
 #include "arch-fallback.h"
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cassert>
-#include <cstdlib> // for qsort
 #include <cstdio>  // for GGML_ASSERT
 
 #include "repack.h"
@@ -48,6 +48,90 @@ static inline int nearest_int(float fval) {
 
 extern "C" {
 
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
+    assert(QK8_0 == 32);
+    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK8_0;
+
+    block_q8_0x4 * GGML_RESTRICT y = (block_q8_0x4 *) vy;
+
+    // scalar
+    const int blck_size_interleave = 1;
+    float srcv[4][QK8_0];
+    float id[4];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        for (int row_iter = 0; row_iter < 4; row_iter++) {
+            float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
+                srcv[row_iter][j] = x[row_iter * k + i * QK8_0 + j];
+                amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j]));
+            }
+
+            const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
+            id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0 * 4; j++) {
+            int src_offset = (j / (4 * blck_size_interleave)) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int src_id = (j % (4 * blck_size_interleave)) / blck_size_interleave;
+            src_offset += (j % blck_size_interleave);
+
+            float x0 = srcv[src_id][src_offset] * id[src_id];
+            y[i].qs[j] = roundf(x0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x1_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
+    assert(QK_K == 256);
+    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK_K;
+
+    block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT y = (block_q8_Kx4 *) vy;
+
+    const int blck_size_interleave = 1;
+    float srcv[4][QK_K];
+    float iscale[4];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        for (int row_iter = 0; row_iter < 4; row_iter++) {
+            float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+            float max = 0;
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j++) {
+                srcv[row_iter][j] = x[row_iter * k + i * QK_K + j];
+                // Update the maximum value of the corresponding super block
+                if(amax < fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j])) {
+                    amax = fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j]);
+                    max = srcv[row_iter][j];
+                }
+            }
+
+            iscale[row_iter] = amax ? -127.f/max : 0;
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = amax ? 1/iscale[row_iter] : 0;
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 4; j++) {
+            y[i].bsums[j] = 0;
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K * 4; j++) {
+            int src_id = j % 4;
+            int src_offset = j / 4;
+            int index = ((j >> 6) << 2) + (j & 3);
+
+            float x0 = srcv[src_id][src_offset] * iscale[src_id];
+            y[i].qs[j] = nearest_int(x0);
+            y[i].bsums[index] += y[i].qs[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
     assert(QK8_0 == 32);
     assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
@@ -72,7 +156,7 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GG
             const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
             id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         }
 
         for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0 * 4; j++) {
@@ -110,7 +194,7 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GG
             const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
             id[row_iter] = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
-            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
         }
 
         for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0 * 4; j++) {
@@ -124,6 +208,57 @@ void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GG
     }
 }
 
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
+    assert(QK_K == 256);
+    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK_K;
+
+    block_q8_Kx4 * GGML_RESTRICT y = (block_q8_Kx4 *) vy;
+
+    // scalar
+    const int blck_size_interleave = 4;
+    float srcv[4][QK_K];
+    float iscale[4];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        for (int row_iter = 0; row_iter < 4; row_iter++) {
+            float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+            float max = 0;
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j++) {
+                srcv[row_iter][j] = x[row_iter * k + i * QK_K + j];
+                // Update the maximum value of the corresponding super block
+                if(amax < fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j])) {
+                    amax = fabsf(srcv[row_iter][j]);
+                    max = srcv[row_iter][j];
+                }
+            }
+
+            iscale[row_iter] = amax ? -127.f/max : 0;
+
+            y[i].d[row_iter] = amax ? 1/iscale[row_iter] : 0;
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 4; j++) {
+            y[i].bsums[j] = 0;
+        }
+
+        // Quants values are interleaved in sequence of four bytes from corresponding super blocks
+        // Bsums values are interleaved in sequence of four bsums from each super block taken for interleaving
+        // i.e first four bsums from the first super block, followed by first four bsums from second super block and so on
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K * 4; j++) {
+            int src_offset = (j / (4 * blck_size_interleave)) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int src_id     = (j % (4 * blck_size_interleave)) / blck_size_interleave;
+            src_offset += (j % blck_size_interleave);
+            int index = (((j & 15) >> 2) << 2) + ((j >> 8) << 4) + ((j >> 6) & 3);
+
+            float x0 = srcv[src_id][src_offset] * iscale[src_id];
+            y[i].qs[j] = nearest_int(x0);
+            y[i].bsums[index] += y[i].qs[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
     assert(QK_K == 256);
     assert(k % QK_K == 0);
@@ -192,217 +327,313 @@ template <> void ggml_quantize_mat_t<8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(const float * GGML_RESTR
     ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8(x, vy, n_per_row);
 }
 
+template <> void ggml_quantize_mat_t<4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row) {
+    assert(nrow == 4);
+    UNUSED(nrow);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4(x, vy, n_per_row);
+}
+
 template <> void ggml_quantize_mat_t<8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row) {
     assert(nrow == 4);
     UNUSED(nrow);
     ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8(x, vy, n_per_row);
 }
 
-extern "C" {
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+template <> void ggml_quantize_mat_t<1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row) {
+    assert(nrow == 4);
+    UNUSED(nrow);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1(x, vy, n_per_row);
+}
 
-void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK8_0;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
-    const int blocklen = 4;
+template <> void ggml_quantize_mat_t<1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row) {
+    assert(nrow == 4);
+    UNUSED(nrow);
+    ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x1(x, vy, n_per_row);
+}
+#endif
 
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+template <int M, int N>
+static void ggml_gemv_q6_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl(int                        n,
+                                                 float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                                 size_t                     bs,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                                 int                        nr,
+                                                 int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int blocklen          = M;
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = N;
+    const int     qk                = QK_K;
+    const int     nb                = n / qk;
+    const int     blocks_per_half   = 64 / blocklen;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
-    UNUSED(s);
     UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
     UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    float sumf[4];
-    int sumi;
+    float sumf[8];
 
-    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
     for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-        const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+        const block_q6_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q6_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0f;
+        }
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
         for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
             for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                const int base_l = (k / blocks_per_half) * 128 + (k % blocks_per_half) * blocklen;
+                const int base_h = base_l + 64;
+
+                const int scale_idx_l = base_l / 16;
+                const int scale_idx_h = base_h / 16;
+
+                const int qh_shift_l = ((base_l % 128) / 32) * 2;
+                const int qh_shift_h = ((base_h % 128) / 32) * 2;
+
+                const int qh_half_l = (base_l / 128) * 32;
+                const int qh_half_h = (base_h / 128) * 32;
+
                 for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sumi = 0;
-                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
-                    }
-                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
-    }
-}
+                    const int8_t scale_l = b_ptr[l].scales[scale_idx_l * ncols_interleaved + j];
+                    const int8_t scale_h = b_ptr[l].scales[scale_idx_h * ncols_interleaved + j];
 
-void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK8_0;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
-    const int blocklen = 8;
+                    int sumi_l = 0;
+                    int sumi_h = 0;
 
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; i++) {
+                        const int ql_pos = k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i;
+                        const int l_4    = b_ptr[l].ql[ql_pos] & 0xF;
+                        const int hi_4   = (b_ptr[l].ql[ql_pos] >> 4) & 0xF;
 
-    UNUSED(s);
-    UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
-    UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
+                        const int qh_idx_l    = qh_half_l + ((base_l + i) % 32);
+                        const int qh_chunk_l  = qh_idx_l / blocklen;
+                        const int qh_pos_l    = qh_idx_l % blocklen;
+                        const int qh_offset_l = qh_chunk_l * (blocklen * ncols_interleaved) + j * blocklen + qh_pos_l;
+                        const int hi_2_l      = (b_ptr[l].qh[qh_offset_l] >> qh_shift_l) & 0x3;
 
-    float sumf[4];
-    int sumi;
+                        const int qh_idx_h    = qh_half_h + ((base_h + i) % 32);
+                        const int qh_chunk_h  = qh_idx_h / blocklen;
+                        const int qh_pos_h    = qh_idx_h % blocklen;
+                        const int qh_offset_h = qh_chunk_h * (blocklen * ncols_interleaved) + j * blocklen + qh_pos_h;
+                        const int hi_2_h      = (b_ptr[l].qh[qh_offset_h] >> qh_shift_h) & 0x3;
 
-    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-        const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+                        const int q_l = ((hi_2_l << 4) | l_4) - 32;
+                        const int q_h = ((hi_2_h << 4) | hi_4) - 32;
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sumi = 0;
-                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
+                        const int8_t a_l = a_ptr[l].qs[base_l + i];
+                        const int8_t a_h = a_ptr[l].qs[base_h + i];
+
+                        sumi_l += q_l * a_l;
+                        sumi_h += q_h * a_h;
                     }
-                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+
+                    sumf[j] +=
+                        (sumi_l * scale_l + sumi_h * scale_h) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
             }
         }
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK8_0;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
-    const int blocklen = 8;
-
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+template <int M, int N>
+static void ggml_gemm_q6_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl(int                        n,
+                                                 float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                                 size_t                     bs,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                                 int                        nr,
+                                                 int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int blocklen          = M;
+    constexpr int ncols_interleaved = N;
+    const int     qk                = QK_K;
+    const int     nb                = n / qk;
+    const int     blocks_per_half   = 64 / blocklen;
+    const int     q8_half_stride    = 512;
+    const int     q8_low_high_step  = 256;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
-    UNUSED(s);
     UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
-    UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    {
-        float sumf[8];
-        int sumi;
+    float sumf[4][8];
 
-        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
         for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            const block_q6_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q6_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0f;
+                }
+            }
 
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
             for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
                 for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                        sumi = 0;
-                        for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                            const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                            const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                            sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
+                    const int base_l = (k / blocks_per_half) * 128 + (k % blocks_per_half) * blocklen;
+                    const int base_h = base_l + 64;
+
+                    const int scale_idx_l = base_l / 16;
+                    const int scale_idx_h = base_h / 16;
+
+                    const int qh_shift_l = ((base_l % 128) / 32) * 2;
+                    const int qh_shift_h = ((base_h % 128) / 32) * 2;
+
+                    const int qh_half_l = (base_l / 128) * 32;
+                    const int qh_half_h = (base_h / 128) * 32;
+
+                    const int q8_base = (k / blocks_per_half) * q8_half_stride + (k % blocks_per_half) * (blocklen * 4);
+
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            const int8_t scale_l = b_ptr[l].scales[scale_idx_l * ncols_interleaved + j];
+                            const int8_t scale_h = b_ptr[l].scales[scale_idx_h * ncols_interleaved + j];
+
+                            int sumi_l = 0;
+                            int sumi_h = 0;
+
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; i++) {
+                                const int ql_pos = k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i;
+                                const int l_4    = b_ptr[l].ql[ql_pos] & 0xF;
+                                const int hi_4   = (b_ptr[l].ql[ql_pos] >> 4) & 0xF;
+
+                                const int qh_idx_l   = qh_half_l + ((base_l + i) % 32);
+                                const int qh_chunk_l = qh_idx_l / blocklen;
+                                const int qh_pos_l   = qh_idx_l % blocklen;
+                                const int qh_offset_l =
+                                    qh_chunk_l * (blocklen * ncols_interleaved) + j * blocklen + qh_pos_l;
+                                const int hi_2_l = (b_ptr[l].qh[qh_offset_l] >> qh_shift_l) & 0x3;
+
+                                const int qh_idx_h   = qh_half_h + ((base_h + i) % 32);
+                                const int qh_chunk_h = qh_idx_h / blocklen;
+                                const int qh_pos_h   = qh_idx_h % blocklen;
+                                const int qh_offset_h =
+                                    qh_chunk_h * (blocklen * ncols_interleaved) + j * blocklen + qh_pos_h;
+                                const int hi_2_h = (b_ptr[l].qh[qh_offset_h] >> qh_shift_h) & 0x3;
+
+                                const int q_l = ((hi_2_l << 4) | l_4) - 32;
+                                const int q_h = ((hi_2_h << 4) | hi_4) - 32;
+
+                                const int8_t q8_l = a_ptr[l].qs[q8_base + m * blocklen + i];
+                                const int8_t q8_h = a_ptr[l].qs[q8_base + m * blocklen + i + q8_low_high_step];
+
+                                sumi_l += q_l * q8_l;
+                                sumi_h += q_h * q8_h;
+                            }
+
+                            sumf[m][j] += (sumi_l * scale_l + sumi_h * scale_h) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) *
+                                          a_ptr[l].d[m];
                         }
-                        sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK_K;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
-    const int blocklen = 8;
-    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
-    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
-    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
-
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+template <int M, int N>
+static void ggml_gemv_q5_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl(int                        n,
+                                                 float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                                 size_t                     bs,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                                 int                        nr,
+                                                 int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int         blocklen          = M;
+    constexpr int         ncols_interleaved = N;
+    const int             qk                = QK_K;
+    const int             nb                = n / qk;
+    static const uint32_t kmask1            = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask2            = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask3            = 0x03030303;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
-    UNUSED(s);
     UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
     UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    float sumf[8];
-    float sum_minf[8];
+    float    sumf[ncols_interleaved];
+    float    sum_minf[ncols_interleaved];
     uint32_t utmp[32];
-    int sumi1;
-    int sumi2;
-    int sumi;
+    int      sumi1;
+    int      sumi2;
+    int      sumi;
 
     const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
     for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-        const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+        const block_q5_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q5_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-            sumf[j] = 0.0;
+            sumf[j]     = 0.0;
             sum_minf[j] = 0.0;
         }
         for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
             for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
-                utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * K_SCALE_SIZE, K_SCALE_SIZE);
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 3]      = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
                 const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
-                utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 1]      = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 2]      = uaux_0;
                 utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
             }
             for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                uint8_t *scales_0 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32;
-                uint8_t *scales_1 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32 + 16;
+                constexpr int scale_stride = 32;
+                uint8_t *     scales_0     = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / (32 / blocklen)) * scale_stride;
+                uint8_t *     scales_1     = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / (32 / blocklen)) * scale_stride + 16;
+
+                const int qh_shift = (k / (32 / blocklen)) * 2;
                 for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
                     sumi1 = 0;
                     sumi2 = 0;
-                    sumi = 0;
+                    sumi  = 0;
                     for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
-                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
-                        sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 64 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i]);
-                        sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 64 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i + 32]);
+                        const int b_qs_offset = k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i;
+
+                        const int qh_idx      = (k * blocklen + i) % 32;
+                        const int qh_chunk    = qh_idx / blocklen;
+                        const int qh_pos      = qh_idx % blocklen;
+                        const int b_qh_offset = qh_chunk * (blocklen * ncols_interleaved) + j * blocklen + qh_pos;
+
+                        const uint8_t qh_val = b_ptr[l].qh[b_qh_offset];
+                        const uint8_t h0     = (qh_val >> qh_shift) & 1;
+                        const uint8_t h1     = (qh_val >> (qh_shift + 1)) & 1;
+
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[b_qs_offset] & 0xF) | (h0 << 4));
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[b_qs_offset] >> 4) | (h1 << 4));
+
+                        const int q8_offset = (k / (32 / blocklen)) * 64 + (k % (32 / blocklen)) * blocklen + i;
+
+                        sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[q8_offset]);
+                        sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[q8_offset + 32]);
                         sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
                         sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
                         sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
                     }
-                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
             }
             for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                uint8_t *mins = (uint8_t*) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
+                uint8_t * mins = (uint8_t *) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
                 for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sum_minf[j] += mins[j] * (a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2 + 1]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
+                    sum_minf[j] += mins[j] * (a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2 + 1]) *
+                                   GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -412,61 +643,123 @@ void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK8_0;
-    const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
-    const int blocklen = 4;
+template <int M, int N>
+static void ggml_gemm_q5_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl(int                        n,
+                                                 float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                                 size_t                     bs,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                                 const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                                 int                        nr,
+                                                 int                        nc) {
+    constexpr int         blocklen          = M;
+    constexpr int         ncols_interleaved = N;
+    const int             qk                = QK_K;
+    const int             nb                = n / qk;
+    static const uint32_t kmask1            = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask2            = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask3            = 0x03030303;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float    sumf[4][ncols_interleaved];
+    float    sum_minf[4][ncols_interleaved];
+    uint32_t utmp[32];
+    int      sumi1;
+    int      sumi2;
+    int      sumi;
 
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q5_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q5_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j]     = 0.0;
+                    sum_minf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * K_SCALE_SIZE, K_SCALE_SIZE);
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 1]      = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 2]      = uaux_0;
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
+                }
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    constexpr int scale_stride = 32;
+                    uint8_t *     scales_0     = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / (32 / blocklen)) * scale_stride;
+                    uint8_t *     scales_1     = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / (32 / blocklen)) * scale_stride + 16;
 
-    UNUSED(s);
-    UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
-    UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
+                    const int qh_shift = (k / (32 / blocklen)) * 2;
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi1 = 0;
+                            sumi2 = 0;
+                            sumi  = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int b_qs_offset = k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i;
 
-    {
-        float sumf[4];
-        int sumi;
+                                const int qh_idx   = (k * blocklen + i) % 32;
+                                const int qh_chunk = qh_idx / blocklen;
+                                const int qh_pos   = qh_idx % blocklen;
+                                const int b_qh_offset =
+                                    qh_chunk * (blocklen * ncols_interleaved) + j * blocklen + qh_pos;
 
-        const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+                                const uint8_t qh_val = b_ptr[l].qh[b_qh_offset];
+                                const uint8_t h0     = (qh_val >> qh_shift) & 1;
+                                const uint8_t h1     = (qh_val >> (qh_shift + 1)) & 1;
 
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                        sumi = 0;
-                        for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                            const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
-                            const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
-                            sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2]));
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[b_qs_offset] & 0xF) | (h0 << 4));
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[b_qs_offset] >> 4) | (h1 << 4));
+
+                                const int q8_offset = (k / (32 / blocklen)) * 256 +
+                                                      (k % (32 / blocklen)) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i;
+
+                                sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[q8_offset]);
+                                sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[q8_offset + 128]);
+                                sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
+                                sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
+                                sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    uint8_t * mins = (uint8_t *) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        const int16_t * bsums = a_ptr[l].bsums + (sb * 8) + (m * 4) - ((sb % 2) * 6);
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sum_minf[m][j] += mins[j] * (bsums[0] + bsums[1]) *
+                                              GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
                         }
-                        sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j] - sum_minf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+extern "C" {
+
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
     const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
     const int blocklen = 4;
 
-    assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
-    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
     UNUSED(s);
     UNUSED(bs);
@@ -478,50 +771,38 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
     UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
     UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    {
-        float sumf[4][4];
-        int sumi;
+    float sumf[4];
+    int sumi;
 
-        for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-            for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-                const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-                }
-                for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                    for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                        for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                                sumi = 0;
-                                for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                    const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                    const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                    sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                            (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
-                                }
-                                sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                            }
-                        }
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
                     }
-                }
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                        s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                 }
             }
         }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
     const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
     const int blocklen = 8;
 
     assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
     assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
     UNUSED(s);
@@ -534,48 +815,38 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
     UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
     UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    float sumf[4][4];
+    float sumf[4];
     int sumi;
 
-    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-            }
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                        (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
-                            }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                        }
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
                     }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                 }
             }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
-            }
         }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;
     const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
     const int blocklen = 8;
 
     assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
     assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
     UNUSED(s);
@@ -588,137 +859,180 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs,
     UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
     UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    float sumf[4][8];
+    float sumf[8];
     int sumi;
 
-    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-            }
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
-                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
-                            }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                        }
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
                     }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                 }
             }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
-            }
         }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
     const int qk = QK_K;
     const int nb = n / qk;
     const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
-    const int blocklen = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
     static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
     static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
     static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
 
     assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
     assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
-    UNUSED(s);
     UNUSED(bs);
-    UNUSED(vx);
-    UNUSED(vy);
     UNUSED(nr);
-    UNUSED(nc);
-    UNUSED(nb);
-    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
-    UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    float sumf[4][8];
-    float sum_minf[4][8];
+    float sumf[8];
+    float sum_minf[8];
     uint32_t utmp[32];
     int sumi1;
     int sumi2;
     int sumi;
 
-    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0;
+            sum_minf[j] = 0.0;
+        }
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
+            }
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                uint8_t * scales_0 = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / 8) * 32;
+                uint8_t * scales_1 = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / 8) * 32 + 16;
                 for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
-                    sum_minf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                    sumi1 = 0;
+                    sumi2 = 0;
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
+                        sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k / 8) * 64 + (k % 8) * blocklen + i]);
+                        sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k / 8) * 64 + (k % 8) * blocklen + i + 32]);
+                        sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
+                        sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
+                        sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
             }
-            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                    memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
-                    utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
-                }
-                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                    uint8_t *scales_0 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32;
-                    uint8_t *scales_1 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32 + 16;
-                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sumi1 = 0;
-                            sumi2 = 0;
-                            sumi = 0;
-                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
-                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
-                                sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 256 + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]);
-                                sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 256 + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + 128]);
-                                sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
-                                sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
-                                sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
-                            }
-                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
-                        }
-                    }
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                uint8_t * mins = (uint8_t *) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sum_minf[j] += mins[j] * (a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2 + 1]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
-                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
-                    uint8_t *mins = (uint8_t*) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
-                    for(int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                        const int16_t *bsums = a_ptr[l].bsums + (sb * 8) + (m * 4) - ((sb % 2) * 6);
-                        for(int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                            sum_minf[m][j] += mins[j] * (bsums[0] + bsums[1]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
-                        }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j] - sum_minf[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[8];
+    float sum_minf[8];
+    uint32_t utmp[32];
+    int sumi1;
+    int sumi2;
+    int sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0;
+            sum_minf[j] = 0.0;
+        }
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
+                utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
+            }
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                uint8_t *scales_0 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32;
+                uint8_t *scales_1 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32 + 16;
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi1 = 0;
+                    sumi2 = 0;
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
+                        sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 64 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i]);
+                        sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 64 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i + 32]);
+                        sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
+                        sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
+                        sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
                     }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
             }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                uint8_t *mins = (uint8_t*) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
                 for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j] - sum_minf[m][j];
+                    sum_minf[j] += mins[j] * (a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2 + 1]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
             }
         }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j] - sum_minf[j];
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
-    const int qk = QK8_0;
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
     const int nb = n / qk;
-    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
-    const int blocklen = 4;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
 
     assert (n % qk == 0);
-    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
     assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
 
     UNUSED(s);
@@ -731,77 +1045,2482 @@ void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs
     UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
     UNUSED(blocklen);
 
-    {
-        float sumf[4][4];
-        int sumi;
+    float sumf[8];
+    float sum_minf[8];
+    int sumi1,sumi2,sumi3,sumi4;
+    int sumi;
 
-        for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
-            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
-            for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
-                const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *)vy;
+    for(int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q2_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0;
+            sum_minf[j] = 0.0;
+        }
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (4 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                const uint8_t *scales_0 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 ;
+                const uint8_t *scales_1 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 + 16;
+                const uint8_t *scales_2 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 + 32;
+                const uint8_t *scales_3 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 + 48;
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi1 = 0;
+                    sumi2 = 0;
+                    sumi3 = 0;
+                    sumi4 = 0;
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    int offset = ((k / 2) % 2) + j * 2;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i){
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 3);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 2 ) & 3);
+                        const int v2 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4 ) & 3);
+                        const int v3 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 6 ) & 3);
+                        sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 128 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i]);
+                        sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 128 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i + 32]);
+                        sumi3 = (v2 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 128 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i + 64]);
+                        sumi4 = (v3 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 128 + (k % 4) * blocklen + i + 96]);
+
+                        sumi1 = sumi1 * (scales_0[offset] & 0xF);
+                        sumi2 = sumi2 * (scales_1[offset] & 0xF);
+                        sumi3 = sumi3 * (scales_2[offset] & 0xF);
+                        sumi4 = sumi4 * (scales_3[offset] & 0xF);
+                        sumi += sumi1 + sumi2 + sumi3 + sumi4;
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
                 }
-                for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
-                    for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
-                        for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
-                                sumi = 0;
-                                for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
-                                    const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
-                                    const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
-                                    sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
-                                            (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4]));
-                                }
-                                sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
-                            }
-                        }
+            }
+            for(int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                const uint8_t *mins = b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 16;
+                for(int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++){
+                    sum_minf[j] += ((mins[j * 2] >> 4) * a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2] + (mins[(j * 2)+ 1] >> 4) * a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2 + 1]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j] - sum_minf[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q5_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<4, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q5_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<8, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q6_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<4, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q6_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<8, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[4];
+    int sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                        const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2]));
                     }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                 }
-                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
-                        s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[8];
+    int sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_iq4_nlx8 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                        const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2]));
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
                 }
             }
         }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[4];
+    int sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_mxfp4x4 * b_ptr = (const block_mxfp4x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                        const int v1 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2]));
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[8];
+    int sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_mxfp4x8 * b_ptr = (const block_mxfp4x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                        const int v1 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2]));
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int                        n,
+                                     float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                     size_t                     bs,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                     int                        nr,
+                                     int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[4];
+    int   sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        }
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / blocklen); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i];
+                        sumi += v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i];
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int                        n,
+                                     float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                     size_t                     bs,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                     int                        nr,
+                                     int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[4];
+    int   sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        }
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / blocklen); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i];
+                        sumi += v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i];
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    float sumf[16];
+    int sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2])) >> 4;
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+    float sumf[16];
+    float sum_minf[16];
+    uint8_t scales[128];
+    uint8_t mins[128];
+    int sumi1;
+    int sumi2;
+    int sumi;
+    const block_q8_K * a_ptr = (const block_q8_K *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q4_Kx16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0f;
+            sum_minf[j] = 0.0f;
+        }
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+                scales[i] = b_ptr[l].scales[i] & 0x0F;
+                mins[i] = b_ptr[l].scales[i] >> 4;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+                scales[i] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0x03) << 4;
+                mins[i] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0x0C) << 2;
+                scales[i + 64] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0x30);
+                mins[i + 64] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0xC0) >> 2;
+            }
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                uint8_t *min = &mins[sb * 16];
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sum_minf[j] += min[j] * (a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2] + a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 2 + 1]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb += 2) {
+                uint8_t *scales_0 = &scales[sb * 16];
+                uint8_t *scales_1 = &scales[(sb + 1) * 16];
+                for (int i = 0; i < QK4_0; i++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                        sumi1 = 0;
+                        sumi2 = 0;
+                        sumi = 0;
+                        const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[sb * 256 + i * 16 + j] & 0xF);
+                        const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[sb * 256 + i * 16 + j] >> 4);
+                        sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[sb * 32 + i]);
+                        sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[sb * 32 + 32 + i]);
+                        sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
+                        sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
+                        sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
+                        sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j] - sum_minf[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[16];
+    int sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_iq4_nlx16 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                        const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                        sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i]) + (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i + qk / 2]));
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen          = 1;
+
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+
+    float sumf[16];
+    int   sumi;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0 *) vy;
+    for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+        const block_q8_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            sumf[j] = 0.0;
+        }
+        for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+            for (int k = 0; k < (qk / blocklen); k++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumi = 0;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                        const int v0 = b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i];
+                        sumi += v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * blocklen + i];
+                    }
+                    sumf[j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+            s[x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nr == 1);
+    assert(nc % 16 == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+    const block_q2_Kx16 * x = (const block_q2_Kx16 *)vx;
+    const block_q8_K    * y = (const block_q8_K *)vy;
+
+    // Layout: Even-Low(0,2,4,6), Odd-Low(1,3,5,7), Even-High(8...), Odd-High(9...)
+    const int sb_perm[16] = {
+        0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7,  // 0-7
+        8, 12, 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15 // 8-15
+    };
+
+    for (int col_tile = 0; col_tile < nc; col_tile += 16) {
+        const block_q2_Kx16 * x_ptr = x + (col_tile / 16) * nb;
+        const block_q8_K    * y_ptr = y;
+
+        float sumf[16] = {0};
+
+        // Loop over K-blocks
+        for (int k_block = 0; k_block < nb; ++k_block) {
+            int32_t isum[16]  = {0};
+            int32_t summs[16] = {0};
+
+            const uint8_t * qs_rhs = x_ptr[k_block].qs;
+            const uint8_t * sc_rhs = x_ptr[k_block].scales;
+            const int8_t  * qs_lhs = y_ptr[k_block].qs;
+            const int16_t * bs_lhs = y_ptr[k_block].bsums;
+
+            // Iterate over sub-blocks 0..15
+            for (int sb = 0; sb < 16; ++sb) {
+                // Correction Term
+                int16_t bsum = bs_lhs[sb];
+                int scale_offset = sb_perm[sb] * 16;
+
+                for (int col = 0; col < 16; ++col) {
+                    uint8_t sc_val = sc_rhs[scale_offset + col];
+                    summs[col] += bsum * (sc_val >> 4); // Min is high 4 bits
+                }
+
+                // Main Dot Product
+                // Calculate base offsets for Q2 unpacking based on SB
+                int byte_base;
+                if (sb < 8) byte_base = (sb % 2 == 0) ? 0 : 16;
+                else        byte_base = (sb % 2 == 0) ? 32 : 48;
+
+                int shift = ((sb / 2) % 4) * 2;
+
+                for (int col = 0; col < 16; ++col) {
+                    uint8_t sc_val = sc_rhs[scale_offset + col];
+                    int32_t d_sb = sc_val & 0xF; // Scale is low 4 bits
+
+                    // Process 16 elements (l=0..15)
+                    for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
+                        // Q2: Interleaved by column. Byte `l` contains 4 k-values.
+                        int qs_idx = (byte_base + l) * 16 + col;
+                        uint8_t q2_val = (qs_rhs[qs_idx] >> shift) & 3;
+
+                        // Q8: Linear access
+                        int k = sb * 16 + l;
+                        int8_t q8_val = qs_lhs[k];
+
+                        isum[col] += q8_val * q2_val * d_sb;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Finalize K-Block
+            for (int col = 0; col < 16; ++col) {
+                float d_lhs = y_ptr[k_block].d;
+                float d_rhs = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x_ptr[k_block].d[col]);
+                float dm_rhs = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x_ptr[k_block].dmin[col]);
+
+                float d_all = d_lhs * d_rhs;
+                float d_min = d_lhs * dm_rhs;
+
+                sumf[col] += (isum[col] * d_all) - (summs[col] * d_min);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int col = 0; col < 16; ++col) {
+            s[col_tile + col] = sumf[col];
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    {
+        float sumf[4][4];
+        int sumi;
+
+        for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+            for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+                const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+                for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                    for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                        for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                                sumi = 0;
+                                for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                    const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                                    const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                                    sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                            (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
+                                }
+                                sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                        s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    float sumf[4][4];
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                        (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    float sumf[4][8];
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_0x8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    float sumf[4][8];
+    float sum_minf[4][8];
+    uint32_t utmp[32];
+    int sumi1;
+    int sumi2;
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                    sum_minf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
+                }
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    uint8_t * scales_0 = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / 8) * 32;
+                    uint8_t * scales_1 = (uint8_t *) utmp + (k / 8) * 32 + 16;
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi1 = 0;
+                            sumi2 = 0;
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
+                                sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k / 8) * 256 + (k % 8) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]);
+                                sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k / 8) * 256 + (k % 8) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + 128]);
+                                sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
+                                sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
+                                sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    uint8_t * mins = (uint8_t *) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
+                    for(int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        const int16_t * bsums = a_ptr[l].bsums + (sb * 8) + (m * 4) - ((sb % 2) * 6);
+                        for(int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sum_minf[m][j] += mins[j] * (bsums[0] + bsums[1]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j] - sum_minf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    float sumf[4][8];
+    float sum_minf[4][8];
+    uint32_t utmp[32];
+    int sumi1;
+    int sumi2;
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                    sum_minf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    memcpy(utmp + sb * 4, b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 12, 12);
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 3] = ((utmp[sb * 4 + 2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    const uint32_t uaux_0 = utmp[sb * 4 + 1] & kmask1;
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 1] = (utmp[sb * 4 + 2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[sb * 4 + 0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 2] = uaux_0;
+                    utmp[sb * 4 + 0] &= kmask1;
+                }
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    uint8_t *scales_0 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32;
+                    uint8_t *scales_1 = (uint8_t*) utmp + (k / 4) * 32 + 16;
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi1 = 0;
+                            sumi2 = 0;
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF);
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4);
+                                sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 256 + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]);
+                                sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 256 + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + 128]);
+                                sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
+                                sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
+                                sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    uint8_t *mins = (uint8_t*) utmp + 8 + sb * 16;
+                    for(int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        const int16_t *bsums = a_ptr[l].bsums + (sb * 8) + (m * 4) - ((sb % 2) * 6);
+                        for(int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sum_minf[m][j] += mins[j] * (bsums[0] + bsums[1]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j] - sum_minf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    float sumf[4][8];
+    float sum_minf[4][8];
+    int sumi1, sumi2, sumi3, sumi4;
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q2_Kx8 * b_ptr = (const block_q2_Kx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                    sum_minf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (4 * blocklen)); k++) {
+
+                    const uint8_t *scales_0 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 ;
+                    const uint8_t *scales_1 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 + 16;
+                    const uint8_t *scales_2 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 + 32;
+                    const uint8_t *scales_3 = b_ptr[l].scales + (k / 4) * 64 + 48;
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi1 = 0;
+                            sumi2 = 0;
+                            sumi3 = 0;
+                            sumi4 = 0;
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            int offset = ((k / 2) % 2) + j * 2;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i){
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 3);
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 2 ) & 3);
+                                const int v2 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4 ) & 3);
+                                const int v3 = (int8_t) ((b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 6 ) & 3);
+                                sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 512 + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]);
+                                sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 512  + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + 128]);
+                                sumi3 = (v2 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 512  + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + 256]);
+                                sumi4 = (v3 * a_ptr[l].qs[(k >> 2) * 512  + (k % 4) * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + 384]);
+                                sumi1 = sumi1 * (scales_0[offset] & 0xF);
+                                sumi2 = sumi2 * (scales_1[offset] & 0xF);
+                                sumi3 = sumi3 * (scales_2[offset] & 0xF);
+                                sumi4 = sumi4 * (scales_3[offset] & 0xF);
+                                sumi += sumi1 + sumi2 + sumi3 + sumi4;
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for(int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    const uint8_t *mins = b_ptr[l].scales + sb * 16;
+                    for(int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        const int16_t *bsums = a_ptr[l].bsums + (sb * 8) + (m * 4) - ((sb % 2) *  6);
+                        for(int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            int mins_prod = ((mins[j * 2] >> 4) * bsums[0] + (mins[(j * 2)+ 1] >> 4) * bsums[1]);
+                            sum_minf[m][j] += (mins_prod) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j] - sum_minf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q5_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<4, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q5_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<8, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q6_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<4, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+   ggml_gemm_q6_K_NxM_q8_K_generic_impl<8, 8>(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    {
+        float sumf[4][4];
+        int sumi;
+
+        for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+            const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+            for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+                const block_iq4_nlx4 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+                for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                    for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                        for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                                sumi = 0;
+                                for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                    const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                                    const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                                    sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                            (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4]));
+                                }
+                                sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                        s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float sumf[4][8];
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_iq4_nlx8 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                                const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4]));
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float sumf[4][4];
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_mxfp4x4 * b_ptr = (const block_mxfp4x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                                const int v1 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4]));
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 8;
+    const int blocklen = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float sumf[4][8];
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_mxfp4x8 * b_ptr = (const block_mxfp4x8 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                                const int v1 = kvalues_mxfp4[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4]));
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b_ptr[l].e[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int                        n,
+                                     float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                     size_t                     bs,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                     int                        nr,
+                                     int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 4;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float sumf[4][4];
+    int   sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / blocklen); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i];
+                                sumi += v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i];
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] +=
+                                sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int                        n,
+                                     float * GGML_RESTRICT      s,
+                                     size_t                     bs,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy,
+                                     int                        nr,
+                                     int                        nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 4;
+    const int blocklen          = 8;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float sumf[4][4];
+    int   sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q8_0x4 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / blocklen); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i];
+                                sumi += v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i];
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] +=
+                                sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    float sumf[4][16];
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] << 4);
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0xF0);
+                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + qk / 2 * 4])) >> 4;
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK_K;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert (n % qk == 0);
+    assert (nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert (nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    UNUSED(s);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    UNUSED(vx);
+    UNUSED(vy);
+    UNUSED(nr);
+    UNUSED(nc);
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(ncols_interleaved);
+    UNUSED(blocklen);
+
+    float sumf[4][16];
+    float sum_minf[4][16];
+    uint8_t scales[128];
+    uint8_t mins[128];
+    int sumi1;
+    int sumi2;
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_Kx4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_Kx4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q4_Kx16 * b_ptr = (const block_q4_Kx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                    sum_minf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+                    scales[i] = b_ptr[l].scales[i] & 0x0F;
+                    mins[i] = b_ptr[l].scales[i] >> 4;
+                }
+                for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+                    scales[i] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0x03) << 4;
+                    mins[i] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0x0C) << 2;
+                    scales[i + 64] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0x30);
+                    mins[i + 64] |= (b_ptr[l].scales[128 + i] & 0xC0) >> 2;
+                }
+
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb++) {
+                    uint8_t *min = &mins[sb * 16];
+                    for(int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        const int16_t bsums = a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 8 + m] + a_ptr[l].bsums[sb * 8 + m + 4];
+                        for(int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sum_minf[m][j] += min[j] * bsums * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].dmin[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 8; sb += 2) {
+                    uint8_t *scales_0 = &scales[sb * 16];
+                    uint8_t *scales_1 = &scales[(sb + 1) * 16];
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_0; i++) {
+                        for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                                sumi1 = 0;
+                                sumi2 = 0;
+                                sumi = 0;
+
+                                const int v0 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[sb * 256 + i * 16 + j] & 0xF);
+                                const int v1 = (int8_t) (b_ptr[l].qs[sb * 256 + i * 16 + j] >> 4);
+                                sumi1 = (v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[sb * 4 * 32 + i * 4 + m]);
+                                sumi2 = (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[sb * 4 * 32 + 32 * 4 + i * 4 + m]);
+                                sumi1 = sumi1 * scales_0[j];
+                                sumi2 = sumi2 * scales_1[j];
+                                sumi += sumi1 + sumi2;
+
+                                sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * a_ptr[l].d[m];
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j] - sum_minf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen = 1;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float sumf[4][16];
+    int sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_iq4_nlx16 * b_ptr = (const block_iq4_nlx16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / (2 * blocklen)); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] & 0x0F];
+                                const int v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i] >> 4];
+                                sumi += ((v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i]) +
+                                         (v1 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i + (qk / 2) * 4]));
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] += sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++)
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    const int qk                = QK8_0;
+    const int nb                = n / qk;
+    const int ncols_interleaved = 16;
+    const int blocklen          = 1;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % ncols_interleaved == 0);
+
+    float sumf[4][16];
+    int   sumi;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < nr / 4; y++) {
+        const block_q8_0x4 * a_ptr = (const block_q8_0x4 *) vy + (y * nb);
+        for (int x = 0; x < nc / ncols_interleaved; x++) {
+            const block_q8_0x16 * b_ptr = (const block_q8_0x16 *) vx + (x * nb);
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    sumf[m][j] = 0.0;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int l = 0; l < nb; l++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < (qk / blocklen); k++) {
+                    for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                            sumi = 0;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < blocklen; ++i) {
+                                const int v0 = b_ptr[l].qs[k * ncols_interleaved * blocklen + j * blocklen + i];
+                                sumi += v0 * a_ptr[l].qs[k * 4 * blocklen + m * blocklen + i];
+                            }
+                            sumf[m][j] +=
+                                sumi * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(b_ptr[l].d[j]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(a_ptr[l].d[m]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_interleaved; j++) {
+                    s[(y * 4 + m) * bs + x * ncols_interleaved + j] = sumf[m][j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
+    assert(nr % 4 == 0);
+    assert(nc % 16 == 0);
+    const int nb = n / QK_K;
+    const block_q2_Kx16 * x = (const block_q2_Kx16 *)vx;
+    const block_q8_Kx4  * y = (const block_q8_Kx4 *)vy;
+
+    const int sb_perm[16] = {
+        0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7,
+        8, 12, 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15
+    };
+
+    // Iterate Rows in tiles of 4
+    for (int row_tile = 0; row_tile < nr; row_tile += 4) {
+        // Iterate Columns in tiles of 16
+        for (int col_tile = 0; col_tile < nc; col_tile += 16) {
+
+            const block_q2_Kx16 * x_ptr = x + (col_tile / 16) * nb;
+            const block_q8_Kx4  * y_ptr = y + (row_tile / 4) * nb;
+
+            float sumf[4][16];
+            memset(sumf, 0, sizeof(sumf));
+
+            for (int k_block = 0; k_block < nb; ++k_block) {
+                int32_t isum[4][16];
+                int32_t summs[4][16];
+                memset(isum, 0, sizeof(isum));
+                memset(summs, 0, sizeof(summs));
+
+                const uint8_t * qs_rhs = x_ptr[k_block].qs;
+                const uint8_t * sc_rhs = x_ptr[k_block].scales;
+                const int8_t  * qs_lhs = y_ptr[k_block].qs;
+                const int16_t * bs_lhs = y_ptr[k_block].bsums;
+
+                for (int sb = 0; sb < 16; ++sb) {
+                    int scale_offset = sb_perm[sb] * 16;
+
+                    int byte_base;
+                    if (sb < 8) byte_base = (sb % 2 == 0) ? 0 : 16;
+                    else        byte_base = (sb % 2 == 0) ? 32 : 48;
+                    int shift = ((sb / 2) % 4) * 2;
+
+                    for (int col = 0; col < 16; ++col) {
+                        uint8_t sc_val = sc_rhs[scale_offset + col];
+                        int32_t d_sb = sc_val & 0xF;
+                        int32_t m_sb = sc_val >> 4;
+
+                        // Correction Term
+                        for (int r = 0; r < 4; ++r) {
+                            int bsum_idx = (sb / 4) * 16 + r * 4 + (sb % 4);
+                            summs[r][col] += bs_lhs[bsum_idx] * m_sb;
+                        }
+
+                        // Main Dot Product
+                        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
+                            int qs_idx = (byte_base + l) * 16 + col;
+                            uint8_t q2_val = (qs_rhs[qs_idx] >> shift) & 3;
+
+                            // Calculate Q8 index for this specific k and row
+                            int k = sb * 16 + l;
+                            int q8_idx = (k / 4) * 16 + (k % 4);
+
+                            for (int r = 0; r < 4; ++r) {
+                                // Add r*4 to jump to the correct row within the 4x4 chunk
+                                int8_t q8_val = qs_lhs[q8_idx + r * 4];
+                                isum[r][col] += q8_val * q2_val * d_sb;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Finalize K-Block
+                for (int col = 0; col < 16; ++col) {
+                    float d_rhs = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x_ptr[k_block].d[col]);
+                    float dm_rhs = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x_ptr[k_block].dmin[col]);
+
+                    for (int r = 0; r < 4; ++r) {
+                        float d_lhs = y_ptr[k_block].d[r];
+                        float d_all = d_lhs * d_rhs;
+                        float d_min = d_lhs * dm_rhs;
+                        sumf[r][col] += (isum[r][col] * d_all) - (summs[r][col] * d_min);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int r = 0; r < 4; ++r) {
+                for (int col = 0; col < 16; ++col) {
+                    s[(row_tile + r) * bs + (col_tile + col)] = sumf[r][col];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+} // extern "C"
+
+static block_q8_0x4 make_block_q8_0x4(block_q8_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q8_0x4 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK8_0 * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
+    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+        int src_id     = i % 4;
+        int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], blck_size_interleave);
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q4_0x4 make_block_q4_0x4(block_q4_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q4_0x4 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK4_0 * 2 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 8) {
+        const uint64_t xor_mask = 0x8888888888888888ULL;
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 4;
+            int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+            uint64_t elems;
+            // Using memcpy to avoid unaligned memory accesses
+            memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
+            elems ^= xor_mask;
+            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint64_t));
+        }
+    } else if (blck_size_interleave == 4) {
+        const uint32_t xor_mask = 0x88888888;
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 4;
+            int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+            uint32_t elems;
+            memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint32_t));
+            elems ^= xor_mask;
+            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint32_t));
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+// interleave 8 block_q4_0s in blocks of blck_size_interleave
+// returns an interleaved block_q4_0x8
+// in the interleaved block_q4_0x8, place deltas for 8 block_q4_0 blocks
+// first, then interleave quants from 8 block_q4_0s in blocks of blck_size_interleave
+static block_q4_0x8 make_block_q4_0x8(block_q4_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q4_0x8 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK4_0 * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
+    const uint64_t xor_mask = 0x8888888888888888ULL;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+        int src_id = i % 8;
+        int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+        uint64_t elems;
+        memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
+        elems ^= xor_mask;
+        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint64_t));
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q4_0x16 make_block_q4_0x16(block_q4_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q4_0x16 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK4_0 * 8 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 1) {
+        const uint8_t xor_mask = 0x88;
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 16;
+            int src_offset = i / 16;
+            int dst_offset = i;
+
+            out.qs[dst_offset] = in[src_id].qs[src_offset] ^ xor_mask;
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q4_Kx8 make_block_q4_Kx8(block_q4_K * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q4_Kx8 out;
+    //Delta(scale) and dmin values of the eight Q4_K structures are copied onto the output interleaved structure
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.dmin[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.dmin;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK_K * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    // Interleave Q4_K quants by taking 8 bytes at a time
+    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+        int src_id = i % 8;
+        int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+        // buffer large enough for the max interleave block size (8 bytes)
+        uint64_t elems;
+        memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], blck_size_interleave);
+        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, blck_size_interleave);
+    }
+
+    // The below logic is designed so as to unpack and rearrange scales and mins values in Q4_K
+    // Currently the Q4_K structure has 8 scales and 8 mins packed in 12 bytes ( 6 bits for each value)
+    // The output Q4_Kx8 structure has 96 bytes
+    // Every 12 byte is packed such that it contains scales and mins for corresponding sub blocks from Q4_K structure
+    // For eg - First 12 bytes contains 8 scales and 8 mins - each of first sub block from different Q4_K structures
+    uint8_t s[8], m[8];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+            s[j] = in[j].scales[i] & 63;
+            m[j] = in[j].scales[i + 4] & 63;
+        }
+
+        out.scales[i * 12]      = (s[0] & 63) + ((s[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 1]  = (s[1] & 63) + ((s[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 2]  = (s[2] & 63) + ((s[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 3]  = (s[3] & 63) + ((s[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 4]  = (m[0] & 63) + ((m[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 5]  = (m[1] & 63) + ((m[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 6]  = (m[2] & 63) + ((m[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 7]  = (m[3] & 63) + ((m[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 8]  = (s[4] & 15) + ((m[4] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 9]  = (s[5] & 15) + ((m[5] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 10] = (s[6] & 15) + ((m[6] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 11] = (s[7] & 15) + ((m[7] & 15) << 4);
+
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+            s[j] = ((in[j].scales[i] & 192) >> 2) | (in[j].scales[i+8] & 15);
+            m[j] = ((in[j].scales[i + 4] & 192) >> 2) | ((in[j].scales[i+8] & 240) >> 4);
+        }
+
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 48] = (s[0] & 63) + ((s[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 49] = (s[1] & 63) + ((s[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 50] = (s[2] & 63) + ((s[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 51] = (s[3] & 63) + ((s[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 52] = (m[0] & 63) + ((m[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 53] = (m[1] & 63) + ((m[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 54] = (m[2] & 63) + ((m[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 55] = (m[3] & 63) + ((m[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 56] = (s[4] & 15) + ((m[4] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 57] = (s[5] & 15) + ((m[5] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 58] = (s[6] & 15) + ((m[6] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 59] = (s[7] & 15) + ((m[7] & 15) << 4);
+
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q4_Kx16 make_block_q4_Kx16(block_q4_K * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q4_Kx16 out;
+    //Delta(scale) and dmin values of the 16 Q4_K structures are copied onto the output interleaved structure
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        out.dmin[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.dmin;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK_K * 8 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 16;
+            int src_offset = i / 16;
+            int dst_offset = i;
+
+            out.qs[dst_offset] = in[src_id].qs[src_offset];
+        }
+
+        // RVV repacking.
+        //
+        // Extract sums and mins for all 8 sub-blocks for each block of Q4_K.
+        uint8_t s[128], m[128];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                s[i * 16 + j] = in[j].scales[i] & 63;
+                m[i * 16 + j] = in[j].scales[i + 4] & 63;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                s[64 + i * 16 + j] = ((in[j].scales[i] & 192) >> 2) | (in[j].scales[i+8] & 15);
+                m[64 + i * 16 + j] = ((in[j].scales[i + 4] & 192) >> 2) | ((in[j].scales[i+8] & 240) >> 4);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+            out.scales[i] = (s[i] & 15) | ((m[i] & 15) << 4);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+            out.scales[128 + i] = ((s[i] & 48) >> 4) | ((m[i] & 48) >> 2) | (s[64 + i] & 48) | ((m[64 + i] & 48) << 2);
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q2_Kx8 make_block_q2_Kx8(block_q2_K * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q2_Kx8 out;
+
+    // Delta(scale) and dmin values of the eight Q2_K structures are copied onto the output interleaved structure
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.dmin[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.dmin;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK_K * 2 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    // Interleave Q2_K quants by taking 8 bytes at a time
+    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+        int src_id = i % 8;
+        int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+        uint64_t elems;
+        memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
+        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint64_t));
+    }
+
+    // The below logic is designed so as to unpack and rearrange scales and mins values in Q2_K
+    // Currently the Q2_K structure has 16 scales and 16 mins packed in 16 bytes ( 4 bits for each value)
+    // The output Q2_Kx8 structure has 128 bytes for storing scales and mins
+    // Every 16 byte is packed such that it contains scales and mins for corresponding sub blocks from Q2_K structure
+    // For eg - First 16 bytes contains 16 scales and 16 mins - each of first and second sub blocks from different Q2_K structures
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+        // Index for selecting which q2k super block
+        int src1 = (i % 16) / 2;
+        // Index for selecting scale
+        int src2 = ((i / 16) * 2) + (i % 2);
+
+        out.scales[i] = in[src1].scales[src2];
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q5_Kx8 make_block_q5_Kx8(block_q5_K * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q5_Kx8 out;
+    //Delta(scale) and dmin values of the eight Q5_K structures are copied onto the output interleaved structure
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.dmin[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.dmin;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK_K * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    // Interleave Q5_K quants by taking blck_size_interleave bytes at a time
+    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+        int src_id     = i % 8;
+        int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], blck_size_interleave);
+    }
+
+    // Repeat for high bits with the same chunk size, since
+    // the high bits are interleaved in Q5_K and the index is
+    // qh_idx = (qs_idx % 32);
+    // qh_val = qh[qh_idx] >> (qs_idx / 32);
+    for (int i = 0; i < end / 4; ++i) {
+        int src_id     = i % 8;
+        int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+        memcpy(&out.qh[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qh[src_offset], blck_size_interleave);
+    }
+
+    // The below logic is copied over from Q4_K
+    // The point is to unpack all the scales and mins for each sub block every time we load 12 bytes.
+    // Currently the Q5_K structure has 8 scales and 8 mins packed in 12 bytes ( 6 bits for each value)
+    // The output Q5_Kx8 structure has 96 bytes
+    // Every 12 byte is packed such that it contains scales and mins for corresponding sub blocks from Q5_K structure
+    // For eg - First 12 bytes contains 8 scales and 8 mins - each of first sub block from different Q5_K structures
+    uint8_t s[8], m[8];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+            s[j] = in[j].scales[i] & 63;
+            m[j] = in[j].scales[i + 4] & 63;
+        }
+
+        out.scales[i * 12]      = (s[0] & 63) + ((s[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 1]  = (s[1] & 63) + ((s[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 2]  = (s[2] & 63) + ((s[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 3]  = (s[3] & 63) + ((s[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 4]  = (m[0] & 63) + ((m[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 5]  = (m[1] & 63) + ((m[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 6]  = (m[2] & 63) + ((m[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 7]  = (m[3] & 63) + ((m[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 8]  = (s[4] & 15) + ((m[4] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 9]  = (s[5] & 15) + ((m[5] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 10] = (s[6] & 15) + ((m[6] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 11] = (s[7] & 15) + ((m[7] & 15) << 4);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+            s[j] = ((in[j].scales[i] & 192) >> 2) | (in[j].scales[i + 8] & 15);
+            m[j] = ((in[j].scales[i + 4] & 192) >> 2) | ((in[j].scales[i + 8] & 240) >> 4);
+        }
+
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 48] = (s[0] & 63) + ((s[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 49] = (s[1] & 63) + ((s[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 50] = (s[2] & 63) + ((s[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 51] = (s[3] & 63) + ((s[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 52] = (m[0] & 63) + ((m[4] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 53] = (m[1] & 63) + ((m[5] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 54] = (m[2] & 63) + ((m[6] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 55] = (m[3] & 63) + ((m[7] & 48) << 2);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 56] = (s[4] & 15) + ((m[4] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 57] = (s[5] & 15) + ((m[5] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 58] = (s[6] & 15) + ((m[6] & 15) << 4);
+        out.scales[i * 12 + 59] = (s[7] & 15) + ((m[7] & 15) << 4);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q6_Kx8 make_block_q6_Kx8(block_q6_K * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q6_Kx8  out;
+    constexpr int n_blocks = 8;  // Kx8
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_blocks; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    }
+
+    const int end_ls = QK_K * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
+    // Interleave Q6_K quants by taking blck_size_interleave bytes at a time
+    for (int i = 0; i < end_ls; ++i) {
+        int src_id     = i % n_blocks;
+        int src_offset = (i / n_blocks) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+        uint64_t elem_ls;
+        memcpy(&elem_ls, &in[src_id].ql[src_offset], blck_size_interleave);
+        memcpy(&out.ql[dst_offset], &elem_ls, blck_size_interleave);
+    }
+
+    // Interleave high bits using same chunk size as low bits
+    const int end_hs = end_ls / 2;
+    for (int i = 0; i < end_hs; ++i) {
+        int src_id     = i % n_blocks;
+        int src_offset = (i / n_blocks) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+        uint64_t elem_hs;
+        memcpy(&elem_hs, &in[src_id].qh[src_offset], blck_size_interleave);
+        memcpy(&out.qh[dst_offset], &elem_hs, blck_size_interleave);
+    }
+
+    // The below logic is designed so as to unpack and rearrange scales in Q6_K
+    // The output Q6_Kx8 structure interleaves the 8 bit scales in the same fashion as the quants
+    // Q6_K structure has an 8-bit scale per 16 elements -> 16 scales
+    // scales: [0 bl0 0 bl1 ... 0 bl7][1 bl0 ... 1 bl7] ... [15 bl0 ... 15 bl7]  (bl = block)
+    constexpr int n_scales = QK_K / 16;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_blocks; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < n_scales; j++) {
+            out.scales[j * n_blocks + i] = in[i].scales[j];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q2_Kx16 make_block_q2_Kx16(const block_q2_K * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q2_Kx16 out;
+    constexpr int N_COLS = 16;
+
+    // 1. Copy Super-Scales (d) and Super-Mins (dmin)
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_COLS; i++) {
+        out.d[i]    = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d;
+        out.dmin[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.dmin;
+    }
+
+    // 2. Interleave Q2_K Data
+    const int bytes_per_col = 64;
+    const int total_bytes = N_COLS * bytes_per_col;
+    const int end = total_bytes / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+        int src_col_id = i % N_COLS;
+        int src_offset = (i / N_COLS) * blck_size_interleave;
+        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_col_id].qs[src_offset], blck_size_interleave);
+    }
+
+    // 3. Repack Scales into the Optimized "Sequential-Parallel" Layout
+    int out_idx = 0;
+
+    // Arrays define the sub-block order for each group
+    const int even_low_sbs[]  = {0, 2, 4, 6};
+    const int odd_low_sbs[]   = {1, 3, 5, 7};
+    const int even_high_sbs[] = {8, 10, 12, 14};
+    const int odd_high_sbs[]  = {9, 11, 13, 15};
+
+    // Pack Group 1: Even-Low
+    for (int sb : even_low_sbs) {
+        for (int col = 0; col < N_COLS; col++) {
+            out.scales[out_idx++] = in[col].scales[sb];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Pack Group 2: Odd-Low
+    for (int sb : odd_low_sbs) {
+        for (int col = 0; col < N_COLS; col++) {
+            out.scales[out_idx++] = in[col].scales[sb];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Pack Group 3: Even-High
+    for (int sb : even_high_sbs) {
+        for (int col = 0; col < N_COLS; col++) {
+            out.scales[out_idx++] = in[col].scales[sb];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Pack Group 4: Odd-High
+    for (int sb : odd_high_sbs) {
+        for (int col = 0; col < N_COLS; col++) {
+            out.scales[out_idx++] = in[col].scales[sb];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4 || interleave_block == 8);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 4;
+
+    block_q4_0x4 * dst = (block_q4_0x4 *)t->data;
+    const block_q4_0 * src = (const block_q4_0 *)data;
+    block_q4_0 dst_tmp[4];
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_0;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q4_0x4(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_K_to_q4_K_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 8 || interleave_block == 4);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+
+    block_q4_Kx8 * dst = (block_q4_Kx8*)t->data;
+    const block_q4_K * src = (const block_q4_K*) data;
+    block_q4_K dst_tmp[8];
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_K));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i  = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++ ) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q4_Kx8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_K_to_q4_K_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 16;
+
+    block_q4_Kx16 * dst = (block_q4_Kx16*)t->data;
+    const block_q4_K * src = (const block_q4_K*) data;
+    block_q4_K dst_tmp[16];
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_K));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i  = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++ ) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q4_Kx16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q2_K_to_q2_K_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 8);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+
+    block_q2_Kx8 * dst = (block_q2_Kx8*)t->data;
+    const block_q2_K * src = (const block_q2_K*) data;
+    block_q2_K dst_tmp[8];
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q2_K));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q2_Kx8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q2_K_to_q2_K_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 16;
+
+    block_q2_Kx16 * dst = (block_q2_Kx16*)t->data;
+    const block_q2_K * src = (const block_q2_K*) data;
+
+    block_q2_K dst_tmp[nrows_interleaved];
+
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q2_K));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            // This loop gathers 16 separate blocks (one from each column)
+            // that correspond to the same K-dimension chunk.
+            for (int i  = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++ ) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+
+            *dst++ = make_block_q2_Kx16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 16;
+
+    block_q4_0x16 * dst = (block_q4_0x16*)t->data;
+    const block_q4_0 * src = (const block_q4_0*) data;
+    block_q4_0 dst_tmp[16];
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_0;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i  = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++ ) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q4_0x16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q5_K_to_q5_K_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor *       t,
+                                    int                        interleave_block,
+                                    const void * GGML_RESTRICT data,
+                                    size_t                     data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4 || interleave_block == 8);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+
+    block_q5_Kx8 *     dst = (block_q5_Kx8 *) t->data;
+    const block_q5_K * src = (const block_q5_K *) data;
+    block_q5_K         dst_tmp[8];
+    int                nrow    = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int                nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q5_K));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q5_Kx8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int repack_q6_K_to_q6_K_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4 || interleave_block == 8);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+
+    block_q6_Kx8 * dst = (block_q6_Kx8 *)t->data;
+    const block_q6_K * src = (const block_q6_K *) data;
+    block_q6_K dst_tmp[8];
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q6_K));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q6_Kx8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 8);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+
+    block_q4_0x8 * dst = (block_q4_0x8*)t->data;
+    const block_q4_0 * src = (const block_q4_0*) data;
+    block_q4_0 dst_tmp[8];
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_0;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i  = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++ ) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q4_0x8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q8_0_to_q8_0_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor *       t,
+                                    int                        interleave_block,
+                                    const void * GGML_RESTRICT data,
+                                    size_t                     data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4 || interleave_block == 8);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 4;
+
+    block_q8_0x4 *     dst = (block_q8_0x4 *) t->data;
+    const block_q8_0 * src = (const block_q8_0 *) data;
+    block_q8_0         dst_tmp[4];
+    int                nrow    = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int                nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK8_0;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q8_0));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q8_0x4(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
     }
+    return 0;
 }
 
-} // extern "C"
-
-static block_q4_0x4 make_block_q4_0x4(block_q4_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
-    block_q4_0x4 out;
+static block_q8_0x16 make_block_q8_0x16(block_q8_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q8_0x16 out;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
         out.d[i] = in[i].d;
     }
 
-    const int end = QK4_0 * 2 / blck_size_interleave;
-
-    if (blck_size_interleave == 8) {
-        const uint64_t xor_mask = 0x8888888888888888ULL;
-        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
-            int src_id = i % 4;
-            int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
-            int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+    const int end = QK8_0 * 16 / blck_size_interleave;
 
-            uint64_t elems;
-            // Using memcpy to avoid unaligned memory accesses
-            memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
-            elems ^= xor_mask;
-            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint64_t));
-        }
-    } else if (blck_size_interleave == 4) {
-        const uint32_t xor_mask = 0x88888888;
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 1) {
         for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
-            int src_id = i % 4;
-            int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
-            int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
-
-            uint32_t elems;
-            memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint32_t));
-            elems ^= xor_mask;
-            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint32_t));
+            int src_id     = i % 16;
+            int src_offset = i / 16;
+            int dst_offset = i;
+            out.qs[dst_offset] = in[src_id].qs[src_offset];
         }
     } else {
         GGML_ASSERT(false);
@@ -810,124 +3529,145 @@ static block_q4_0x4 make_block_q4_0x4(block_q4_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_in
     return out;
 }
 
-// interleave 8 block_q4_0s in blocks of blck_size_interleave
-// returns an interleaved block_q4_0x8
-// in the interleaved block_q4_0x8, place deltas for 8 block_q4_0 blocks
-// first, then interleave quants from 8 block_q4_0s in blocks of blck_size_interleave
-static block_q4_0x8 make_block_q4_0x8(block_q4_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
-    block_q4_0x8 out;
+static int repack_q8_0_to_q8_0_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor *       t,
+                                    int                        interleave_block,
+                                    const void * GGML_RESTRICT data,
+                                    size_t                     data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 16;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    block_q8_0x16 *     dst = (block_q8_0x16 *) t->data;
+    const block_q8_0 * src = (const block_q8_0 *) data;
+    block_q8_0         dst_tmp[16];
+    int                nrow    = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int                nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK8_0;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q8_0));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q8_0x16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static block_iq4_nlx4 make_block_iq4_nlx4(block_iq4_nl * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_iq4_nlx4 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
         out.d[i] = in[i].d;
     }
 
-    const int end = QK4_0 * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
-    const uint64_t xor_mask = 0x8888888888888888ULL;
+    const int end = QK4_NL * 2 / blck_size_interleave;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
-        int src_id = i % 8;
-        int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
-        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+    // TODO: this branch seems wrong
+    //if (blck_size_interleave == 8) {
+    //    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+    //        int src_id = i % 4;
+    //        int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
+    //        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
 
-        uint64_t elems;
-        memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
-        elems ^= xor_mask;
-        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint64_t));
+    //        // Using memcpy to avoid unaligned memory accesses
+    //        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
+    //    }
+    //} else
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 4) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 4;
+            int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint32_t));
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
     }
 
     return out;
 }
 
-static block_q4_Kx8 make_block_q4_Kx8(block_q4_K * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
-    block_q4_Kx8 out;
-    //Delta(scale) and dmin values of the eight Q4_K structures are copied onto the output interleaved structure
-    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        out.d[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d;
-    }
+static int repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        out.dmin[i] = in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.dmin;
-    }
+    const block_iq4_nl   * src = (const block_iq4_nl   *)data;
+          block_iq4_nlx4 * dst = (      block_iq4_nlx4 *)t->data;
 
-    const int end = QK_K * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
+    block_iq4_nl dst_tmp[4];
 
-    // Interleave Q4_K quants by taking 8 bytes at a time
-    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
-        int src_id = i % 8;
-        int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
-        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+    int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int nrows_interleaved = 4;
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_NL;
 
-        uint64_t elems;
-        memcpy(&elems, &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
-        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &elems, sizeof(uint64_t));
-    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_iq4_nl));
 
-    // The below logic is designed so as to unpack and rearrange scales and mins values in Q4_K
-    // Currently the Q4_K structure has 8 scales and 8 mins packed in 12 bytes ( 6 bits for each value)
-    // The output Q4_Kx8 structure has 96 bytes
-    // Every 12 byte is packed such that it contains scales and mins for corresponding sub blocks from Q4_K structure
-    // For eg - First 12 bytes contains 8 scales and 8 mins - each of first sub block from different Q4_K structures
-    uint8_t s[8], m[8];
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            s[j] = in[j].scales[i] & 63;
-            m[j] = in[j].scales[i + 4] & 63;
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_iq4_nlx4(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
         }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
 
-        out.scales[i * 12]      = (s[0] & 63) + ((s[4] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 1]  = (s[1] & 63) + ((s[5] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 2]  = (s[2] & 63) + ((s[6] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 3]  = (s[3] & 63) + ((s[7] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 4]  = (m[0] & 63) + ((m[4] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 5]  = (m[1] & 63) + ((m[5] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 6]  = (m[2] & 63) + ((m[6] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 7]  = (m[3] & 63) + ((m[7] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 8]  = (s[4] & 15) + ((m[4] & 15) << 4);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 9]  = (s[5] & 15) + ((m[5] & 15) << 4);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 10] = (s[6] & 15) + ((m[6] & 15) << 4);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 11] = (s[7] & 15) + ((m[7] & 15) << 4);
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
 
+static block_iq4_nlx8 make_block_iq4_nlx8(block_iq4_nl * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_iq4_nlx8 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            s[j] = ((in[j].scales[i] & 192) >> 2) | (in[j].scales[i+8] & 15);
-            m[j] = ((in[j].scales[i + 4] & 192) >> 2) | ((in[j].scales[i+8] & 240) >> 4);
-        }
+    const int end = QK4_NL * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
 
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 48] = (s[0] & 63) + ((s[4] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 49] = (s[1] & 63) + ((s[5] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 50] = (s[2] & 63) + ((s[6] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 51] = (s[3] & 63) + ((s[7] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 52] = (m[0] & 63) + ((m[4] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 53] = (m[1] & 63) + ((m[5] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 54] = (m[2] & 63) + ((m[6] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 55] = (m[3] & 63) + ((m[7] & 48) << 2);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 56] = (s[4] & 15) + ((m[4] & 15) << 4);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 57] = (s[5] & 15) + ((m[5] & 15) << 4);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 58] = (s[6] & 15) + ((m[6] & 15) << 4);
-        out.scales[i * 12 + 59] = (s[7] & 15) + ((m[7] & 15) << 4);
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 8) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 8;
+            int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
 
+            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
     }
 
     return out;
 }
 
-static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4 || interleave_block == 8);
-    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 4;
+static int repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 8);
+
+    const block_iq4_nl   * src = (const block_iq4_nl   *)data;
+          block_iq4_nlx8 * dst = (      block_iq4_nlx8 *)t->data;
+
+    block_iq4_nl dst_tmp[8];
 
-    block_q4_0x4 * dst = (block_q4_0x4 *)t->data;
-    const block_q4_0 * src = (const block_q4_0 *)data;
-    block_q4_0 dst_tmp[4];
     int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
-    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_0;
+    int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_NL;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_iq4_nl));
 
-    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -936,7 +3676,7 @@ static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block
             for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
                 dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
             }
-            *dst++ = make_block_q4_0x4(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+            *dst++ = make_block_iq4_nlx8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
         }
         src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
     }
@@ -944,29 +3684,56 @@ static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block
 
     GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
 }
-static int repack_q4_K_to_q4_K_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K);
-    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 8);
-    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 8;
 
-    block_q4_Kx8 * dst = (block_q4_Kx8*)t->data;
-    const block_q4_K * src = (const block_q4_K*) data;
-    block_q4_K dst_tmp[8];
+static block_iq4_nlx16 make_block_iq4_nlx16(block_iq4_nl * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_iq4_nlx16 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK4_NL * 8 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 16;
+            int src_offset = i / 16;
+            int dst_offset = i;
+
+            out.qs[dst_offset] = in[src_id].qs[src_offset];
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static int repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 1);
+
+    const block_iq4_nl    * src = (const block_iq4_nl   *)data;
+          block_iq4_nlx16 * dst = (      block_iq4_nlx16 *)t->data;
+
+    block_iq4_nl dst_tmp[16];
+
     int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
-    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+    int nrows_interleaved = 16;
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_NL;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_K));
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_iq4_nl));
 
-    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
     for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
         for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
-            for (int i  = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++ ) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
                 dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
             }
-            *dst++ = make_block_q4_Kx8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+            *dst++ = make_block_iq4_nlx16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
         }
         src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
     }
@@ -975,18 +3742,44 @@ static int repack_q4_K_to_q4_K_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block
     GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
 }
 
-static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 8);
-    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+static block_mxfp4x4 make_block_mxfp4x4(block_mxfp4 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_mxfp4x4 out;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        out.e[i] = in[i].e;
+    }
+
+    const int end = QK_MXFP4 * 2 / blck_size_interleave;
+
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 4) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
+            int src_id = i % 4;
+            int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+
+            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint32_t));
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static int repack_mxfp4_to_mxfp4_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4);
+
+    const block_mxfp4   * src = (const block_mxfp4   *)data;
+          block_mxfp4x4 * dst = (      block_mxfp4x4 *)t->data;
+
+    block_mxfp4 dst_tmp[4];
 
-    block_q4_0x8 * dst = (block_q4_0x8*)t->data;
-    const block_q4_0 * src = (const block_q4_0*) data;
-    block_q4_0 dst_tmp[8];
     int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
-    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_0;
+    int nrows_interleaved = 4;
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_MXFP4;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_mxfp4));
 
     if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
         return -1;
@@ -994,10 +3787,10 @@ static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block
 
     for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
         for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
-            for (int i  = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++ ) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
                 dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
             }
-            *dst++ = make_block_q4_0x8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+            *dst++ = make_block_mxfp4x4(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
         }
         src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
     }
@@ -1006,33 +3799,22 @@ static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block
     GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
 }
 
-static block_iq4_nlx4 make_block_iq4_nlx4(block_iq4_nl * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
-    block_iq4_nlx4 out;
+static block_mxfp4x8 make_block_mxfp4x8(block_mxfp4 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_mxfp4x8 out;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        out.e[i] = in[i].e;
     }
 
-    const int end = QK4_NL * 2 / blck_size_interleave;
-
-    // TODO: this branch seems wrong
-    //if (blck_size_interleave == 8) {
-    //    for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
-    //        int src_id = i % 4;
-    //        int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
-    //        int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
+    const int end = QK_MXFP4 * 4 / blck_size_interleave;
 
-    //        // Using memcpy to avoid unaligned memory accesses
-    //        memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
-    //    }
-    //} else
-    if (blck_size_interleave == 4) {
+    if (blck_size_interleave == 8) {
         for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
-            int src_id = i % 4;
-            int src_offset = (i / 4) * blck_size_interleave;
+            int src_id = i % 8;
+            int src_offset = (i / 8) * blck_size_interleave;
             int dst_offset = i * blck_size_interleave;
 
-            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint32_t));
+            memcpy(&out.qs[dst_offset], &in[src_id].qs[src_offset], sizeof(uint64_t));
         }
     } else {
         GGML_ASSERT(false);
@@ -1041,21 +3823,22 @@ static block_iq4_nlx4 make_block_iq4_nlx4(block_iq4_nl * in, unsigned int blck_s
     return out;
 }
 
-static int repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL);
-    //GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4 || interleave_block == 8);
-    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 4);
+static int repack_mxfp4_to_mxfp4_8_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_block, const void * GGML_RESTRICT data, size_t data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 8);
+
+    const block_mxfp4   * src = (const block_mxfp4   *)data;
+          block_mxfp4x8 * dst = (      block_mxfp4x8 *)t->data;
+
+    block_mxfp4 dst_tmp[8];
 
-    block_iq4_nlx4 * dst = (block_iq4_nlx4 *)t->data;
-    const block_iq4_nl * src = (const block_iq4_nl *)data;
-    block_iq4_nl dst_tmp[4];
     int nrow = ggml_nrows(t);
-    int nrows_interleaved = 4;
-    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_0;
+    int nrows_interleaved = 8;
+    int nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_MXFP4;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_iq4_nl));
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_mxfp4));
 
-    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % 8 != 0) {
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1064,7 +3847,7 @@ static int repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_4_bl(struct ggml_tensor * t, int interleave_b
             for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
                 dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
             }
-            *dst++ = make_block_iq4_nlx4(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+            *dst++ = make_block_mxfp4x8(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
         }
         src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
     }
@@ -1095,6 +3878,30 @@ template <> int repack<block_q4_K, 8, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * da
     return repack_q4_K_to_q4_K_8_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
 }
 
+template <> int repack<block_q4_K, 4, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q4_K_to_q4_K_8_bl(t, 4, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q2_K, 8, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q2_K_to_q2_K_8_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q5_K, 4, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q5_K_to_q5_K_8_bl(t, 4, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q5_K, 8, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q5_K_to_q5_K_8_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q6_K, 4, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q6_K_to_q6_K_8_bl(t, 4, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q6_K, 8, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q6_K_to_q6_K_8_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
+}
+
 template <> int repack<block_iq4_nl, 4, 4>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
     return repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_4_bl(t, 4, data, data_size);
 }
@@ -1104,6 +3911,48 @@ template <> int repack<block_iq4_nl, 4, 4>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void *
 //    return repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_4_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
 //}
 
+template <> int repack<block_iq4_nl, 8, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_8_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_mxfp4, 4, 4>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_mxfp4_to_mxfp4_4_bl(t, 4, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_mxfp4, 8, 8>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_mxfp4_to_mxfp4_8_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q8_0, 4, 4>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q8_0_to_q8_0_4_bl(t, 4, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q8_0, 8, 4>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q8_0_to_q8_0_4_bl(t, 8, data, data_size);
+}
+
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+template <> int repack<block_q4_0, 1, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_16_bl(t, 1, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q4_K, 1, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q4_K_to_q4_K_16_bl(t, 1, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_iq4_nl, 1, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_iq4_nl_to_iq4_nl_16_bl(t, 1, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q8_0, 1, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q8_0_to_q8_0_16_bl(t, 1, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q2_K, 1, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q2_K_to_q2_K_16_bl(t, 1, data, data_size);
+}
+#endif
+
 // gemv
 template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PARAM_TYPE>
 void gemv(int, float *, size_t, const void *, const void *, int, int);
@@ -1120,14 +3969,87 @@ template <> void gemv<block_q4_0, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t
     ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
+template <>
+void gemv<block_q2_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int          n,
+                                            float *      s,
+                                            size_t       bs,
+                                            const void * vx,
+                                            const void * vy,
+                                            int          nr,
+                                            int          nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q4_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
 template <> void gemv<block_q4_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
     ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
+template <> void gemv<block_q5_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q5_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q6_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q6_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
 template <> void gemv<block_iq4_nl, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
     ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
+template <> void gemv<block_iq4_nl, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_mxfp4, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_mxfp4, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q8_0, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q8_0, 8, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+template <> void gemv<block_q4_0, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q4_0_16x1_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q4_K, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q4_K_16x1_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_iq4_nl, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q8_0, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q8_0_16x1_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemv<block_q2_K, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemv_q2_K_16x1_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+#endif
+
 // gemm
 template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PARAM_TYPE>
 void gemm(int, float *, size_t, const void *, const void *, int, int);
@@ -1140,18 +4062,91 @@ template <> void gemm<block_q4_0, 8, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t
     ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
-template <> void gemm<block_q4_0, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+template <>
+void gemm<block_q4_0, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int          n,
+                                            float *      s,
+                                            size_t       bs,
+                                            const void * vx,
+                                            const void * vy,
+                                            int          nr,
+                                            int          nc) {
     ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
+template <> void gemm<block_q2_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q4_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
 template <> void gemm<block_q4_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
     ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
+template <> void gemm<block_q5_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q5_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q6_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q6_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
 template <> void gemm<block_iq4_nl, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
     ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
 }
 
+template <> void gemm<block_iq4_nl, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_mxfp4, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_mxfp4, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q8_0, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q8_0, 8, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+template <> void gemm<block_q4_0, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q4_0_16x1_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q4_K, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q4_K_16x1_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_iq4_nl, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q8_0, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q8_0_16x1_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+
+template <> void gemm<block_q2_K, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K>(int n, float * s, size_t bs, const void * vx, const void * vy, int nr, int nc) {
+    ggml_gemm_q2_K_16x1_q8_K(n, s, bs, vx, vy, nr, nc);
+}
+#endif
+
 class tensor_traits_base : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
   public:
     virtual int repack(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) = 0;
@@ -1170,7 +4165,7 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
             case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
                 {
                     size = ggml_row_size(PARAM_TYPE, ggml_nelements(op->src[1]));
-                    size = GGML_PAD(size, sizeof(int64_t)); // + padding for next bloc.
+                    size = GGML_PAD(size, sizeof(int64_t)); // + padding for next block.
 
                     const int64_t ne02 = op->src[0]->ne[2]; // n_as, n_expert
                     const int64_t ne12 = op->src[1]->ne[2]; // n_tokens
@@ -1203,6 +4198,55 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
         return false;
     }
 
+    void forward_mul_mat_one_chunk(ggml_compute_params * params,
+                                   ggml_tensor *         op,
+                                   int64_t               src0_start,
+                                   int64_t               src0_end,
+                                   int64_t               src1_start,
+                                   int64_t               src1_end) {
+        const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+        const ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+        ggml_tensor *       dst  = op;
+
+        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+        const size_t src1_col_stride = ggml_row_size(PARAM_TYPE, ne10);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == 1 && ne13 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
+        const int64_t r2 = ne12 / ne02;
+
+        const int64_t i12 = src1_start / ne1;
+        const int64_t i11 = src1_start - i12 * ne1;
+
+        // Determine batch index
+        const int64_t i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+        const int64_t i1 = i11;
+        const int64_t i2 = i12;
+
+        const char * src0_ptr = (const char *) src0->data + i02 * nb02;
+        const char * src1_ptr = (const char *) params->wdata + (i11 + i12 * ne11) * src1_col_stride;
+        char *       dst_ptr  = ((char *) dst->data + (i1 * nb1 + i2 * nb2));
+
+        const int64_t nrows = src1_end - src1_start;
+        const int64_t ncols = src0_end - src0_start;
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1_ptr + src1_col_stride * nrows <= (const char *) params->wdata + params->wsize);
+
+        // If there are more than three rows in src1, use gemm; otherwise, use gemv.
+        if (nrows > 3) {
+            gemm<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00, (float *) (dst_ptr) + src0_start, nb1 / nb0,
+                                                             src0_ptr + src0_start * nb01, src1_ptr,
+                                                             nrows - (nrows % 4), ncols);
+        }
+        for (int iter = nrows - (nrows % 4); iter < nrows; iter++) {
+            gemv<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00, (float *) (dst_ptr + (iter * nb1)) + src0_start,
+                                                             ne01, src0_ptr + src0_start * nb01,
+                                                             src1_ptr + (src1_col_stride * iter), 1 /* nrows */, ncols);
+        }
+    }
+
     void forward_mul_mat(ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * op) {
         const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
         const ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
@@ -1224,6 +4268,12 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
         GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
         GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
 
+        // TODO: General batched mul mat for 4D tensors
+        // Currently only supports 3D tensors
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne13 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne3 == 1);
+
         GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_n_dims(op->src[0]) == 2);
@@ -1231,46 +4281,102 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
 
         char *       wdata = static_cast<char *>(params->wdata);
         const size_t nbw1  = ggml_row_size(PARAM_TYPE, ne10);
+        const size_t nbw2  = nbw1 * ne11;
 
-        assert(params->wsize >= nbw1 * ne11);
+        assert(params->wsize >= nbw2 * ne12);
 
         const ggml_from_float_t from_float = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(PARAM_TYPE)->from_float;
 
-        int64_t i11_processed = 0;
-        for (int64_t i11 = ith * 4; i11 < ne11 - ne11 % 4; i11 += nth * 4) {
-            ggml_quantize_mat_t<INTER_SIZE, PARAM_TYPE>((float *) ((char *) src1->data + i11 * nb11), (void *) (wdata + i11 * nbw1), 4, ne10);
-        }
+        // INFO: Quantization is done in planes to avoid extra complexity in chunking.
+        // Flattening dimensions not multiple of INTER_SIZE would require extra handling depending on how
+        // the planes are broadcast.
+        for (int64_t i12 = 0; i12 < ne12; i12++) {
+            char * data_ptr  = (char *) src1->data + i12 * nb12;
+            char * wdata_ptr = wdata + i12 * nbw2;
+
+            for (int64_t i11 = ith * 4; i11 < ne11 - ne11 % 4; i11 += nth * 4) {
+                ggml_quantize_mat_t<INTER_SIZE, PARAM_TYPE>((float *) (data_ptr + i11 * nb11),
+                                                            (void *) (wdata_ptr + i11 * nbw1), 4, ne10);
+            }
 
-        i11_processed = ne11 - ne11 % 4;
-        for (int64_t i11 = i11_processed + ith; i11 < ne11; i11 += nth) {
-            from_float((float *) ((char *) src1->data + i11 * nb11), (void *) (wdata + i11 * nbw1), ne10);
+            const int64_t i11_processed = ne11 - ne11 % 4;
+            for (int64_t i11 = i11_processed + ith; i11 < ne11; i11 += nth) {
+                from_float((float *) (data_ptr + i11 * nb11), (void *) (wdata_ptr + i11 * nbw1), ne10);
+            }
         }
 
-        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+        // disable for NUMA
+        const bool disable_chunking = ggml_is_numa();
 
-        const void * src1_wdata      = params->wdata;
-        const size_t src1_col_stride = ggml_row_size(PARAM_TYPE, ne10);
-        int64_t      src0_start      = (ith * ne01) / nth;
-        int64_t      src0_end        = ((ith + 1) * ne01) / nth;
-        src0_start = (src0_start % NB_COLS) ? src0_start + NB_COLS - (src0_start % NB_COLS) : src0_start;
-        src0_end   = (src0_end   % NB_COLS) ? src0_end   + NB_COLS - (src0_end   % NB_COLS) : src0_end;
-        if (src0_start >= src0_end) {
-            return;
+        // 4x chunks per thread
+        const int64_t nr0 = ggml_nrows(op->src[0]);
+
+        int     nth_scaled  = nth * 4;
+        int64_t chunk_size0 = (nr0 + nth_scaled - 1) / nth_scaled;
+        int64_t nchunk0     = (nr0 + chunk_size0 - 1) / chunk_size0;
+
+        // src1 is chunked only by full planes.
+        // When we flatten we need to address dimensions not multiple of the q8 INTER_SIZE
+        // to route them thorugh GEMV.
+        // nchunk1 = ne12 also avoids messing the chunking for models with no 3d tensors
+        // to avoid affecting their performance
+        int64_t nchunk1 = ne12;
+
+        // Ensure minimum chunk size to avoid alignment issues with high thread counts
+        // Minimum chunk size should be at least NB_COLS to prevent overlapping chunks after alignment
+        const int64_t min_chunk_size = NB_COLS;
+        if (nchunk0 > 0 && (nr0 / nchunk0) < min_chunk_size && nr0 >= min_chunk_size) {
+            nchunk0 = (nr0 + min_chunk_size - 1) / min_chunk_size;
         }
 
-        // If there are more than three rows in src1, use gemm; otherwise, use gemv.
-        if (ne11 > 3) {
-            gemm<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00,
-                    (float *) ((char *) dst->data) + src0_start, ne01,
-                    (const char *) src0->data + src0_start * nb01,
-                    (const char *) src1_wdata, ne11 - ne11 % 4, src0_end - src0_start);
+        int64_t dr0 = (nr0 + nchunk0 - 1) / nchunk0;
+        // Only increase nchunk0 to nth if it won't make chunks too small
+        if (nth == 1 || ((nchunk0 < nth || disable_chunking) && (nr0 + nth - 1) / nth >= min_chunk_size)) {
+            nchunk0 = nth;
+            dr0 = (nr0 + nchunk0 - 1) / nchunk0;
+        }
+
+        // Ensure nchunk doesn't exceed the number of rows divided by minimum chunk size
+        // This prevents creating too many tiny chunks that could overlap after alignment
+        const int64_t max_nchunk = (nr0 + min_chunk_size - 1) / min_chunk_size;
+        nchunk0                  = MIN(nchunk0, max_nchunk);
+
+        if (ith == 0) {
+            // Every thread starts at ith, so the first unprocessed chunk is nth.  This save a bit of coordination right at the start.
+            ggml_threadpool_chunk_set(params->threadpool, nth);
         }
-        for (int iter = ne11 - ne11 % 4; iter < ne11; iter++) {
-            gemv<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00,
-                    (float *) ((char *) dst->data + (iter * nb1)) + src0_start, ne01,
-                    (const char *) src0->data + src0_start * nb01,
-                    (const char *) src1_wdata + (src1_col_stride * iter), 1,
-                    src0_end - src0_start);
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        // The first chunk comes from our thread_id, the rest will get auto-assigned.
+        int current_chunk = ith;
+
+        while (current_chunk < nchunk0 * nchunk1) {
+            const int64_t ith0 = current_chunk % nchunk0;
+            const int64_t ith1 = current_chunk / nchunk0;
+
+            int64_t src0_start = dr0 * ith0;
+            int64_t src0_end   = MIN(src0_start + dr0, nr0);
+
+            // full-plane range for src1
+            int64_t src1_start = ith1 * ne11;
+            int64_t src1_end = (ith1 + 1) * ne11;
+
+            // Align boundaries to NB_COLS - round up to ensure all data is included
+            // The chunk size limiting above ensures chunks are large enough to prevent overlaps
+            src0_start = (src0_start % NB_COLS) ? src0_start + NB_COLS - (src0_start % NB_COLS) : src0_start;
+            src0_end   = (src0_end % NB_COLS) ? src0_end + NB_COLS - (src0_end % NB_COLS) : src0_end;
+            src0_end   = MIN(src0_end, ne01);
+
+            // Make sure current plane is the last one before exiting
+            if (src0_start >= src0_end) {
+                current_chunk = ggml_threadpool_chunk_add(params->threadpool, 1);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            forward_mul_mat_one_chunk(params, dst, src0_start, src0_end, src1_start, src1_end);
+
+            current_chunk = ggml_threadpool_chunk_add(params->threadpool, 1);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1324,7 +4430,7 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
         auto * wdata          = (char *)params->wdata;
         auto * wdata_src1_end = (char *)wdata + GGML_PAD(nbw3, sizeof(int64_t));
 
-        // total of [n_as][ne12 + 1] elemets of type mmid_row_mapping (2*int32_t = int64_t)
+        // total of [n_as][ne12 + 1] elements of type mmid_row_mapping (2*int32_t = int64_t)
         auto * matrix_row_counts = (int64_t *) (wdata_src1_end);                                        // [n_as]
         struct mmid_row_mapping * matrix_rows = (struct mmid_row_mapping *) (matrix_row_counts + n_as); // [n_as][ne12]
 
@@ -1375,8 +4481,12 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
             int64_t src0_cur_start = (ith * ne01) / nth;
             int64_t src0_cur_end   = ((ith + 1) * ne01) / nth;
 
+            // Align boundaries to NB_COLS - round up to ensure all data is included
             src0_cur_start = (src0_cur_start % NB_COLS) ? src0_cur_start + NB_COLS - (src0_cur_start % NB_COLS) : src0_cur_start;
             src0_cur_end   = (src0_cur_end   % NB_COLS) ? src0_cur_end   + NB_COLS - (src0_cur_end   % NB_COLS) : src0_cur_end;
+            if (src0_cur_end > ne01) {
+                src0_cur_end = ne01;
+            }
 
             if (src0_cur_start >= src0_cur_end) {
                 return;
@@ -1385,20 +4495,19 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
             for (int ir1 = 0; ir1 < nr1; ir1++) {
                 struct mmid_row_mapping row_mapping = MMID_MATRIX_ROW(cur_a, ir1);
 
-                const int id = row_mapping.i1; // selected expert index
+                const int id = row_mapping.i1;  // selected expert index
 
                 const int64_t i11 = id % ne11;
-                const int64_t i12 = row_mapping.i2; // row index in src1
+                const int64_t i12 = row_mapping.i2;  // row index in src1
 
-                const int64_t i1 = id;  // selected expert index
-                const int64_t i2 = i12; // row
+                const int64_t i1 = id;               // selected expert index
+                const int64_t i2 = i12;              // row
 
                 const auto * src1_col = (const char *) wdata + (i11 * nbw1 + i12 * nbw2);
 
-                gemv<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00,
-                        (float *)((char *) dst->data + (i1 * nb1 + i2 * nb2)) + src0_cur_start, ne01,
-                        src0_cur + src0_cur_start * nb01,
-                        src1_col, 1, src0_cur_end - src0_cur_start);
+                gemv<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(
+                    ne00, (float *) ((char *) dst->data + (i1 * nb1 + i2 * nb2)) + src0_cur_start, ne01,
+                    src0_cur + src0_cur_start * nb01, src1_col, 1, src0_cur_end - src0_cur_start);
             }
         }
 #undef MMID_MATRIX_ROW
@@ -1414,15 +4523,49 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
 }  // namespace ggml::cpu::repack
 
 static const ggml::cpu::tensor_traits * ggml_repack_get_optimal_repack_type(const struct ggml_tensor * cur) {
-
     // instance for Q4
     static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q4_0, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> q4_0_4x4_q8_0;
     static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q4_0, 8, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> q4_0_4x8_q8_0;
     static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q4_0, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> q4_0_8x8_q8_0;
+
+    // instance for Q4_K
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q4_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q4_K_8x4_q8_K;
     static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q4_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q4_K_8x8_q8_K;
 
+    // instance for Q5_K
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q5_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q5_K_8x4_q8_K;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q5_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q5_K_8x8_q8_K;
+
+    // instance for Q6_K
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q6_K, 4, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q6_K_8x4_q8_K;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q6_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q6_K_8x8_q8_K;
+
+    // instance for Q2
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q2_K, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q2_K_8x8_q8_K;
+
     // instance for IQ4
     static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_iq4_nl, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_iq4_nl, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0;
+
+    // instance for MXFP4
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_mxfp4, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> mxfp4_4x4_q8_0;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_mxfp4, 8, 8, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> mxfp4_8x8_q8_0;
+
+    // instance for Q8_0
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q8_0, 4, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> q8_0_4x4_q8_0;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q8_0, 8, 4, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> q8_0_4x8_q8_0;
+
+    // instances for RISC-V
+    //
+    // These implement outer-product style matrix multiplication kernels with
+    // an interleave of 1.
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q4_0, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> q4_0_16x1_q8_0;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q4_K, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q4_K_16x1_q8_K;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_iq4_nl, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q8_0, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> q8_0_16x1_q8_0;
+    static const ggml::cpu::repack::tensor_traits<block_q2_K, 1, 16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_K> q2_K_16x1_q8_K;
+#endif
 
     if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
         if (ggml_cpu_has_avx2() || (ggml_cpu_has_sve() && ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8() && ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt() == QK8_0)) {
@@ -1440,18 +4583,138 @@ static const ggml::cpu::tensor_traits * ggml_repack_get_optimal_repack_type(cons
                 return &q4_0_4x4_q8_0;
             }
         }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v()) {
+            #if defined __riscv_zvfh
+            switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+                case 128:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 256:  { if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) { return &q4_0_16x1_q8_0; } break; }
+                case 512:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 1024: { break; } // TODO
+                default:   { return nullptr; }
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
     } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K) {
         if (ggml_cpu_has_avx2()) {
             if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
                 return &q4_K_8x8_q8_K;
             }
         }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &q4_K_8x8_q8_K;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &q4_K_8x4_q8_K;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v()) {
+            #if defined __riscv_zvfh
+            switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+                case 128:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 256:  { if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) { return &q4_K_16x1_q8_K; } break; }
+                case 512:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 1024: { break; } // TODO
+                default:   { return nullptr; }
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K) {
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_avx512()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &q2_K_8x8_q8_K;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v()) {
+            #if defined __riscv_zvfh
+            switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+                case 128:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 256:  { if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) { return &q2_K_16x1_q8_K; } break; }
+                case 512:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 1024: { break; } // TODO
+                default:   { return nullptr; }
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K) {
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &q5_K_8x8_q8_K;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &q5_K_8x4_q8_K;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &q6_K_8x8_q8_K;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &q6_K_8x4_q8_K;
+            }
+        }
     } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) {
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_avx2()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0;
+            }
+        }
         if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()) {
             if (cur->ne[1] % 4 == 0) {
                 return &iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0;
             }
         }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v()) {
+            #if defined __riscv_zvfh
+            switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+                case 128:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 256:  { if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) { return &iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0; } break; }
+                case 512:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 1024: { break; } // TODO
+                default:   { return nullptr; }
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4) {
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_avx2()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 8 == 0) {
+                return &mxfp4_8x8_q8_0;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 4 == 0) {
+                return &mxfp4_4x4_q8_0;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 4 == 0) {
+                return &q8_0_4x8_q8_0;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_neon() && ggml_cpu_has_dotprod()) {
+            if (cur->ne[1] % 4 == 0) {
+                return &q8_0_4x4_q8_0;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v()) {
+            #if defined __riscv_zvfh
+            switch (__riscv_vlenb() * 8) {
+                case 128:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 256:  { if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) { return &q8_0_16x1_q8_0; } break; }
+                case 512:  { break; } // TODO
+                case 1024: { break; } // TODO
+                default:   { return nullptr; }
+            }
+            #endif
+        }
     }
 
     return nullptr;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.h
index 4421e5f8e70..cb21edf6239 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.h
@@ -28,13 +28,17 @@ template <int K, int N> struct block {
 // control size
 static_assert(sizeof(block<4, 4>) == 4 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK8_0 * 2, "wrong block<4,4> size/padding");
 static_assert(sizeof(block<4, 8>) == 8 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK8_0 * 4, "wrong block<4,8> size/padding");
+static_assert(sizeof(block<4, 16>) == 16 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK8_0 * 8, "wrong block<4,16> size/padding");
 static_assert(sizeof(block<8, 4>) == 4 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK8_0 * 4, "wrong block<8,4> size/padding");
 static_assert(sizeof(block<8, 8>) == 8 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK8_0 * 8, "wrong block<8,8> size/padding");
+static_assert(sizeof(block<8, 16>) == 16 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK8_0 * 16, "wrong block<8,16> size/padding");
 
 using block_q4_0x4 = block<4, 4>;
 using block_q4_0x8 = block<4, 8>;
+using block_q4_0x16 = block<4, 16>;
 using block_q8_0x4 = block<8, 4>;
 using block_q8_0x8 = block<8, 8>;
+using block_q8_0x16 = block<8, 16>;
 
 struct block_q4_Kx8 {
     ggml_half d[8];      // super-block scale for quantized scales
@@ -44,6 +48,50 @@ struct block_q4_Kx8 {
 };
 
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_Kx8) == sizeof(ggml_half) * 16 + K_SCALE_SIZE * 8 + QK_K * 4, "wrong q4_K block size/padding");
+struct block_q4_Kx16 {
+    ggml_half d[16];      // super-block scale for quantized scales
+    ggml_half dmin[16];   // super-block scale for quantized mins
+    uint8_t scales[192];  // scales and mins, quantized with 6 bits
+    uint8_t qs[2048];    // 4--bit quants
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_Kx16) == sizeof(ggml_half) * 32 + K_SCALE_SIZE * 16 + QK_K * 8, "wrong q4_K block size/padding");
+struct block_q2_Kx8 {
+    ggml_half d[8];      // super-block scale for quantized scales
+    ggml_half dmin[8];   // super-block scale for quantized mins
+    uint8_t scales[128];  // scales and mins, quantized with 4 bits
+    uint8_t qs[512];    // 2--bit quants
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q2_Kx8) == sizeof(ggml_half) * 16 + QK_K/2 + QK_K * 2, "wrong q2_K block size/padding");
+struct block_q2_Kx16 {
+    ggml_half d[16];       // Super-block scale for quantized scales
+    ggml_half dmin[16];    // Super-block scale for quantized mins
+    uint8_t   scales[256]; // Sub-block scales (16 cols * 16 sub-blocks)
+    uint8_t   qs[1024];    // Data (16 cols * 64 bytes per block)
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q2_Kx16) == sizeof(ggml_half) * 32 + QK_K + QK_K * 4, "wrong q2_K block size/padding");
+
+struct block_q5_Kx8 {
+    ggml_half d[8];              // super-block scale for quantized scales
+    ggml_half dmin[8];           // super-block scale for quantized mins
+    uint8_t   scales[96];        // scales and mins, quantized with 6 bits
+    uint8_t   qh[QK_K * 8 / 8];  // high bits of 5-bit quants
+    uint8_t   qs[QK_K * 8 / 2];  // low bits of 5-bit quants (in groups of 4)
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q5_Kx8) == sizeof(ggml_half) * 16 + K_SCALE_SIZE * 8 + QK_K * 5,
+              "wrong q5_K block size/padding");
+
+struct block_q6_Kx8 {
+    ggml_half d[8];
+    int8_t    scales[QK_K / 16 * 8];
+    uint8_t   ql[QK_K / 2 * 8];  // low bits of 6-bit quants (groups of 2)
+    uint8_t   qh[QK_K / 4 * 8];  // high bits of 6-bit quants (groups of 4)
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q6_Kx8) == sizeof(ggml_half) * 8 + QK_K / 16 * 8 + 3 * QK_K / 4 * 8,
+              "wrong q6_K block size/padding");
 
 struct block_q8_Kx4 {
     float d[4];              // delta
@@ -60,38 +108,137 @@ struct block_iq4_nlx4 {
 
 static_assert(sizeof(block_iq4_nlx4) == 4 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK4_NL * 2, "wrong iq4_nlx4 block size/padding");
 
+struct block_iq4_nlx8 {
+    ggml_half d[8];            // deltas for 8 iq4_nl blocks
+    uint8_t   qs[QK4_NL * 4];  // nibbles / quants for 8 iq4_nl blocks
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(block_iq4_nlx8) == 8 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK4_NL * 4, "wrong iq4_nlx8 block size/padding");
+
+struct block_iq4_nlx16 {
+    ggml_half d[16];            // deltas for 16 iq4_nl blocks
+    uint8_t   qs[QK4_NL * 8];  // nibbles / quants for 16 iq4_nl blocks
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(block_iq4_nlx16) == 16 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK4_NL * 8, "wrong iq4_nlx16 block size/padding");
+struct block_mxfp4x4 {
+    uint8_t e[4];
+    uint8_t qs[QK_MXFP4 * 2];
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(block_mxfp4x4) == 4 + QK_MXFP4 * 2, "wrong mxfp4x4 block size/padding");
+
+struct block_mxfp4x8 {
+    uint8_t e[8];
+    uint8_t qs[QK_MXFP4 * 4];
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(block_mxfp4x8) == 8 + QK_MXFP4 * 4, "wrong mxfp4x8 block size/padding");
+
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_16x1_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_16x1_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+#endif
 
 // Native implementations
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
 void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x8_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_0_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q5_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x4_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q6_K_8x8_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
 void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_mxfp4_8x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x4_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_4x8_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+#if defined __riscv_zvfh
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
+void ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x1_generic(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k);
+void ggml_gemv_q4_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q4_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q8_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_q2_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemv_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q4_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q4_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q8_0_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_q2_K_16x1_q8_K_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+void ggml_gemm_iq4_nl_16x1_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int nr, int nc);
+#endif
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 } // extern "C"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-gemm.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-gemm.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..78d663e593e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-gemm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Computes C[M x N] += A[M x K] * B[K x N]
+
+#include "simd-mappings.h"
+
+// TODO: add support for sizeless vector types
+#if defined(GGML_SIMD) && !defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && !defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+
+// TODO: untested on avx512
+// These are in units of GGML_F32_EPR
+#if defined(__AVX512F__) || defined (__ARM_NEON__)
+    static constexpr int GEMM_RM = 4;
+    static constexpr int GEMM_RN = 4; // 16+4+1 = 25/32
+#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
+    static constexpr int GEMM_RM = 6;
+    static constexpr int GEMM_RN = 2; // 12+2+1 = 15/16
+#else
+    static constexpr int GEMM_RM = 2;
+    static constexpr int GEMM_RN = 2;
+#endif
+
+template <int RM, int RN>
+static inline void simd_gemm_ukernel(
+    float       * GGML_RESTRICT C,
+    const float * GGML_RESTRICT A,
+    const float * GGML_RESTRICT B,
+    int K, int N)
+{
+    static constexpr int KN = GGML_F32_EPR;
+
+    GGML_F32_VEC acc[RM][RN];
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < RM; i++) {
+        for (int r = 0; r < RN; r++) {
+            acc[i][r] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i * N + r * KN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < K; kk++) {
+        GGML_F32_VEC Bv[RN];
+        for (int r = 0; r < RN; r++) {
+            Bv[r] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + kk * N + r * KN);
+        }
+        for (int64_t i = 0; i < RM; i++) {
+            GGML_F32_VEC p = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(A[i * K + kk]);
+            for (int r = 0; r < RN; r++) {
+                acc[i][r] = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(acc[i][r], Bv[r], p);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < RM; i++) {
+        for (int r = 0; r < RN; r++) {
+            GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(C + i * N + r * KN, acc[i][r]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// C[M x N] += A[M x K] * B[K x N]
+static void simd_gemm(
+    float       * GGML_RESTRICT C,
+    const float * GGML_RESTRICT A,
+    const float * GGML_RESTRICT B,
+    int M, int K, int N)
+{
+    static constexpr int KN = GGML_F32_EPR;
+
+    int64_t ii = 0;
+    for (; ii + GEMM_RM <= M; ii += GEMM_RM) {
+        int64_t jj = 0;
+        for (; jj + GEMM_RN * KN <= N; jj += GEMM_RN * KN) {
+            simd_gemm_ukernel<GEMM_RM, GEMM_RN>(C + jj, A, B + jj, K, N);
+        }
+        for (; jj + KN <= N; jj += KN) {
+            simd_gemm_ukernel<GEMM_RM, 1>(C + jj, A, B + jj, K, N);
+        }
+        for (; jj < N; jj++) {
+            for (int64_t i = 0; i < GEMM_RM; i++) {
+                float a = C[i * N + jj];
+                for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < K; kk++) {
+                    a += A[i + kk] * B[kk * N + jj];
+                }
+                C[i * N + jj] = a;
+            }
+        }
+
+        A += GEMM_RM * K;
+        C += GEMM_RM * N;
+    }
+
+    // Tail rows: one at a time
+    for (; ii < M; ii++) {
+        int64_t jj = 0;
+        for (; jj + GEMM_RN * KN <= N; jj += GEMM_RN * KN) {
+            simd_gemm_ukernel<1, GEMM_RN>(C + jj, A, B + jj, K, N);
+        }
+        for (; jj + KN <= N; jj += KN) {
+            simd_gemm_ukernel<1, 1>(C + jj, A, B + jj, K, N);
+        }
+        for (; jj < N; jj++) {
+            float a = C[jj];
+            for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < K; kk++) {
+                a += A[kk] * B[kk * N + jj];
+            }
+            C[jj] = a;
+        }
+
+        A += K;
+        C += N;
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#else // scalar path
+
+static void simd_gemm(
+    float       * GGML_RESTRICT C,
+    const float * GGML_RESTRICT A,
+    const float * GGML_RESTRICT B,
+    int M, int K, int N)
+{
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < M; i++) {
+        for (int64_t j = 0; j < N; j++) {
+            float sum = C[i * N + j];
+            for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < K; kk++) {
+                sum += A[i * K + kk] * B[kk * N + j];
+            }
+            C[i * N + j] = sum;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // GGML_SIMD
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-mappings.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-mappings.h
index e42364c59aa..0deda930985 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-mappings.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-mappings.h
@@ -2,10 +2,149 @@
 
 #include "ggml-cpu-impl.h"
 
+#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+#include <arm_sve.h>
+#endif // __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+
+#if defined(__ARM_NEON) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__MUSACC__)
+// if YCM cannot find <arm_neon.h>, make a symbolic link to it, for example:
+//
+//   $ ln -sfn /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/13.1.6/include/arm_neon.h ./src/
+//
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+#include <riscv_vector.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
 //
 // simd mappings
 //
 
+// FP16 to FP32 conversion
+
+// 16-bit float
+// on Arm, we use __fp16
+// on x86, we use uint16_t
+//
+// for old CUDA compilers (<= 11), we use uint16_t: ref https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/10616
+// for     MUSA compilers        , we use uint16_t: ref https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/11843
+//
+#if defined(__ARM_NEON) && !(defined(__CUDACC__) && __CUDACC_VER_MAJOR__ <= 11) && !defined(__MUSACC__)
+    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) neon_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) neon_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
+
+    #define GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
+
+    static inline float neon_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
+        __fp16 tmp;
+        memcpy(&tmp, &h, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+        return (float)tmp;
+    }
+
+    static inline ggml_fp16_t neon_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
+        ggml_fp16_t res;
+        __fp16 tmp = f;
+        memcpy(&res, &tmp, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+        return res;
+    }
+#elif defined(__F16C__)
+    #ifdef _MSC_VER
+        #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_cvtph_ps(_mm_cvtsi32_si128(x)))
+        #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) _mm_extract_epi16(_mm_cvtps_ph(_mm_set_ss(x), 0), 0)
+    #else
+        #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) _cvtsh_ss(x)
+        #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) _cvtss_sh(x, 0)
+    #endif
+#elif defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__)
+    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) power_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) power_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
+    /* the inline asm below is about 12% faster than the lookup method */
+    #define GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
+    #define GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
+
+    static inline float power_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
+        float f;
+        double d;
+        __asm__(
+            "mtfprd %0,%2\n"
+            "xscvhpdp %0,%0\n"
+            "frsp %1,%0\n" :
+            /* temp */ "=d"(d),
+            /* out */  "=f"(f):
+            /* in */   "r"(h));
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    static inline ggml_fp16_t power_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
+        double d;
+        ggml_fp16_t r;
+        __asm__( /* xscvdphp can work on double or single precision */
+            "xscvdphp %0,%2\n"
+            "mffprd %1,%0\n" :
+            /* temp */ "=d"(d),
+            /* out */  "=r"(r):
+            /* in */   "f"(f));
+        return r;
+    }
+#elif defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_zfhmin)
+    static inline float riscv_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
+        _Float16 hf;
+        memcpy(&hf, &h, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+        return hf;
+    }
+
+    static inline ggml_fp16_t riscv_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
+        ggml_fp16_t res;
+        _Float16 hf = (_Float16)f;
+        memcpy(&res, &hf, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) riscv_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) riscv_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
+    #define GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
+    #define GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
+#endif
+
+// precomputed f32 table for f16 (256 KB)
+// defined in ggml-cpu.c, initialized in ggml_cpu_init()
+extern float ggml_table_f32_f16[1 << 16];
+
+// precomputed f32 table for e8m0 half (1 KB)
+// defined in ggml-cpu.c, initialized in ggml_cpu_init()
+extern float ggml_table_f32_e8m0_half[1 << 8];
+
+// Use lookup table for E8M0 on x86 (faster than bit manipulation)
+#if defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+#define GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x) ggml_table_f32_e8m0_half[(uint8_t)(x)]
+#else
+#define GGML_CPU_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x) GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x)
+#endif
+
+// On ARM NEON, it's quicker to directly convert x -> x instead of calling into ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32,
+// so we define GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32 and GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16 elsewhere for NEON.
+// This is also true for POWER9.
+#if !defined(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32)
+inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
+    uint16_t s;
+    memcpy(&s, &f, sizeof(uint16_t));
+    return ggml_table_f32_f16[s];
+}
+
+#define GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16)
+#define GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
+#endif
+
+
 // we define a common set of C macros which map to specific intrinsics based on the current architecture
 // we then implement the fundamental computation operations below using only these macros
 // adding support for new architectures requires to define the corresponding SIMD macros
@@ -28,18 +167,18 @@
 #define GGML_F32xt                        svfloat32_t
 #define GGML_F32xt_ZERO                   svdup_n_f32(0.0f)
 #define GGML_F32xt_SET1(x)                svdup_n_f32(x)
-#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(pg, a, ...)  svld1_f32(pg, a)
-#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD(...)              GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(pg,a,b)     svst1_f32(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32xt_STORE(...)             GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define GGML_F32xt_FMA_IMPL(pg, a, b, c)  svmad_f32_m(pg, a, b, c)
-#define GGML_F32xt_FMA(...)               GGML_F32xt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(pg, a)       svld1_f32(pg, a)
+#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD(a)                GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a)
+#define GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(pg, a, b)   svst1_f32(pg, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32xt_STORE(a, b)            GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32xt_FMA_IMPL(pg, a, b, c)  svmad_f32_m(pg, b, c, a)
+#define GGML_F32xt_FMA(a, b, c)           GGML_F32xt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b, c)
 #define GGML_F32xt_ADD_IMPL(pg, a, b)     svadd_f32_m(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32xt_ADD(...)               GGML_F32xt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_ADD(a, b)              GGML_F32xt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b)
 #define GGML_F32xt_MUL_IMPL(pg, a, b)     svmul_f32_m(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32xt_MUL(...)               GGML_F32xt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_MUL(a, b)              GGML_F32xt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b)
 #define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(pg, a) svaddv(pg, a)
-#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(...)        GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(a)          GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a)
 #define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_IMPL(pg, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8)  \
 {                                                      \
     sum1 = svadd_f32_m(DEFAULT_PG, sum1, sum2);        \
@@ -51,7 +190,8 @@
     sum1 = svadd_f32_m(DEFAULT_PG, sum1, sum5);        \
     (res) = (ggml_float) GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(sum1);  \
 }
-#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE(...) GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE(res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8)  \
+        GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8)
 
 #define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32xt
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO   GGML_F32xt_ZERO
@@ -63,6 +203,48 @@
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_MUL    GGML_F32xt_MUL
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE GGML_F32xt_REDUCE
 
+// F16 SVE
+#define DEFAULT_PG32    svptrue_b32()
+#define DEFAULT_PG16    svptrue_b16()
+
+#define GGML_F32Cxt                         svfloat16_t
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_ZERO                    svdup_n_f16(0.0f)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_SET1(x)                 svdup_n_f16(x)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_LOAD(p)                 svld1_f16(DEFAULT_PG16, (const __fp16 *)(p))
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_STORE(dst_ptr, src_vec) svst1_f16(DEFAULT_PG16, (__fp16 *)(dst_ptr), (src_vec))
+
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_FMA_IMPL(pg, a, b, c)   svmad_f16_x(pg, b, c, a)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_FMA(a, b, c)            GGML_F32Cxt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a, b, c)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_ADD_IMPL(pg, a, b)      svadd_f16_x(pg, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_ADD(a, b)               GGML_F32Cxt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_MUL_IMPL(pg, a, b)      svmul_f16_x(pg, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_MUL(a, b)               GGML_F32Cxt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_REDUCE                  GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED
+
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC                GGML_F32Cxt
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_ZERO           GGML_F32Cxt_ZERO
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1           GGML_F32Cxt_SET1
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(p, i)     GGML_F32Cxt_LOAD(p)
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(p, r, i) GGML_F32Cxt_STORE((__fp16 *)(p), r)
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA            GGML_F32Cxt_FMA
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_ADD            GGML_F32Cxt_ADD
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL            GGML_F32Cxt_MUL
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F32Cxt_REDUCE
+
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(pg, a) svaddv_f16(pg, a)
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE(a)          GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a)
+
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED_IMPL(pg16, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4)  \
+{                                                      \
+    sum1 = svadd_f16_x(pg16, sum1, sum2);              \
+    sum3 = svadd_f16_x(pg16, sum3, sum4);              \
+    sum1 = svadd_f16_x(pg16, sum1, sum3);              \
+    __fp16 sum_f16 = svaddv_f16(pg16, sum1);           \
+    (res) = (ggml_float) sum_f16;                      \
+}
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED(res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4)  \
+        GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4)
+
 // F16 NEON
 
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
@@ -297,13 +479,51 @@ do {                                                                  \
 
 // F16 AVX512
 
-// F16 AVX
+#if defined(__AVX512FP16__)
+
+#define GGML_F16_STEP 128
+#define GGML_F16_EPR  32
+
+#define GGML_F16x32              __m512h
+#define GGML_F16x32_ZERO         _mm512_setzero_ph()
+#define GGML_F16x32_SET1(x)      _mm512_set1_ph(__extension__(_Float16)(x))
+#define GGML_F16x32_LOAD(x)      _mm512_loadu_ph(x)
+#define GGML_F16x32_STORE(x, y)  _mm512_storeu_ph(x, y)
+#define GGML_F16x32_FMA(a, b, c) _mm512_fmadd_ph(b, c, a)
+#define GGML_F16x32_ADD          _mm512_add_ph
+#define GGML_F16x32_MUL          _mm512_mul_ph
+#define GGML_F16x32_REDUCE(res, x)                                     \
+do {                                                                   \
+    int offset = GGML_F16_ARR >> 1;                                    \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                 \
+        x[i] = _mm512_add_ph(x[i], x[offset+i]);                       \
+    }                                                                  \
+    offset >>= 1;                                                      \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                 \
+        x[i] = _mm512_add_ph(x[i], x[offset+i]);                       \
+    }                                                                  \
+    offset >>= 1;                                                      \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                 \
+        x[i] = _mm512_add_ph(x[i], x[offset+i]);                       \
+    }                                                                  \
+    res = (ggml_float) _mm512_reduce_add_ph(x[0]);                     \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GGML_F16_VEC                GGML_F16x32
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO           GGML_F16x32_ZERO
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_SET1           GGML_F16x32_SET1
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(p, i)     GGML_F16x32_LOAD(p)
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(p, r, i) GGML_F16x32_STORE(p, r[i])
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_FMA            GGML_F16x32_FMA
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_ADD            GGML_F16x32_ADD
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_MUL            GGML_F16x32_MUL
+#define GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F16x32_REDUCE
+
+#else // Fallback FP16 <-> FP32
 
 #define GGML_F16_STEP 64
 #define GGML_F16_EPR  16
 
-// AVX512 has FP16 extension (AVX512_FP16) but I don't have it on my machine so I use FP32 instead
-
 #define GGML_F32Cx16             __m512
 #define GGML_F32Cx16_ZERO        _mm512_setzero_ps()
 #define GGML_F32Cx16_SET1(x)     _mm512_set1_ps(x)
@@ -343,6 +563,8 @@ do {                                                              \
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_MUL            GGML_F32Cx16_MUL
 
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F32Cx16_REDUCE
+
+#endif // __AVX512FP16__
 #elif defined(__AVX__)
 
 #define GGML_SIMD
@@ -415,7 +637,7 @@ static inline __m256 __avx_f32cx8_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     float tmp[8];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
     }
 
     return _mm256_loadu_ps(tmp);
@@ -426,7 +648,7 @@ static inline void __avx_f32cx8_store(ggml_fp16_t *x, __m256 y) {
     _mm256_storeu_ps(arr, y);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
-        x[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[i]);
+        x[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[i]);
 }
 #define GGML_F32Cx8_LOAD(x)     __avx_f32cx8_load(x)
 #define GGML_F32Cx8_STORE(x, y) __avx_f32cx8_store(x, y)
@@ -483,6 +705,14 @@ static inline void __avx_f32cx8_store(ggml_fp16_t *x, __m256 y) {
           vec_extract(x[0], 2) +               \
           vec_extract(x[0], 3);                \
 }
+#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE_4(res, s0, s1, s2, s3)        \
+{                                                       \
+    vector float v = vec_add(vec_add(s0, s1),           \
+                             vec_add(s2, s3));          \
+    v = vec_add(v, vec_sld(v, v, 8));                   \
+    v = vec_add(v, vec_sld(v, v, 4));                   \
+    res += (ggml_float) vec_extract(v, 0);              \
+}
 
 #define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO   GGML_F32x4_ZERO
@@ -519,6 +749,29 @@ static inline unsigned char ggml_endian_byte(int i) {
                                    r[i - GGML_ENDIAN_BYTE(0)]), \
             0, p - GGML_F16_EPR)
 
+//BF16 POWER9
+#define GGML_BF16_STEP 16
+#define GGML_BF16_EPR  8
+
+#define GGML_BF16x8         vector unsigned short
+#define GGML_BF16x8_ZERO    vec_splats((unsigned short)0)
+#define GGML_BF16x8_LOAD(p) vec_xl(0, (const unsigned short *)(p))
+
+#define GGML_BF16_VEC          GGML_BF16x8
+#define GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO     GGML_BF16x8_ZERO
+#define GGML_BF16_VEC_LOAD     GGML_BF16x8_LOAD
+#if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+#define GGML_BF16_TO_F32_LO(v) ((vector float) vec_mergel(GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO, (v)))
+#define GGML_BF16_TO_F32_HI(v) ((vector float) vec_mergeh(GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO, (v)))
+#else
+#define GGML_BF16_TO_F32_LO(v) ((vector float) vec_mergel((v), GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO))
+#define GGML_BF16_TO_F32_HI(v) ((vector float) vec_mergeh((v), GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO))
+#endif
+#define GGML_BF16_FMA_LO(acc, x, y) \
+    (acc) = GGML_F32x4_FMA((acc), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_LO(x), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_LO(y))
+#define GGML_BF16_FMA_HI(acc, x, y) \
+    (acc) = GGML_F32x4_FMA((acc), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_HI(x), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_HI(y))
+
 #elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
 
 #define GGML_SIMD
@@ -574,10 +827,10 @@ static inline unsigned char ggml_endian_byte(int i) {
 inline static v128_t __wasm_f16x4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * p) {
     float tmp[4];
 
-    tmp[0] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(p[0]);
-    tmp[1] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(p[1]);
-    tmp[2] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(p[2]);
-    tmp[3] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(p[3]);
+    tmp[0] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(p[0]);
+    tmp[1] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(p[1]);
+    tmp[2] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(p[2]);
+    tmp[3] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(p[3]);
 
     return wasm_v128_load(tmp);
 }
@@ -587,10 +840,10 @@ inline static void __wasm_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * p, v128_t x) {
 
     wasm_v128_store(tmp, x);
 
-    p[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[0]);
-    p[1] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[1]);
-    p[2] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[2]);
-    p[3] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[3]);
+    p[0] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[0]);
+    p[1] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[1]);
+    p[2] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[2]);
+    p[3] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(tmp[3]);
 }
 
 #define GGML_F16x4             v128_t
@@ -690,10 +943,10 @@ inline static void __wasm_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * p, v128_t x) {
 static inline __m128 __sse_f16x4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     float tmp[4];
 
-    tmp[0] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[0]);
-    tmp[1] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[1]);
-    tmp[2] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2]);
-    tmp[3] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[3]);
+    tmp[0] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[0]);
+    tmp[1] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[1]);
+    tmp[2] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2]);
+    tmp[3] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[3]);
 
     return _mm_loadu_ps(tmp);
 }
@@ -703,10 +956,10 @@ static inline void __sse_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
 
     _mm_storeu_ps(arr, y);
 
-    x[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[0]);
-    x[1] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[1]);
-    x[2] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[2]);
-    x[3] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[3]);
+    x[0] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[0]);
+    x[1] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[1]);
+    x[2] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[2]);
+    x[3] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[3]);
 }
 
 #define GGML_F32Cx4             __m128
@@ -783,7 +1036,7 @@ do {                                                              \
 
 #define GGML_F32Cx8          __m256
 #define GGML_F32Cx8_ZERO    (__m256)__lasx_xvldi(0)
-#define GGML_F32Cx8_SET1(x) (__m256)__lasx_xvreplgr2vr_w((x))
+#define GGML_F32Cx8_SET1(x) (__m256)__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s((x))
 
 static inline __m256 __lasx_f32cx8_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     __m256i a;
@@ -825,35 +1078,35 @@ static inline void __lasx_f32cx8_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m256 y) {
 #define GGML_F32_EPR  4
 
 #define GGML_F32x4         __m128
-#define GGML_F32x4_ZERO    __lsx_vldi(0)
-#define GGML_F32x4_SET1(x) __lsx_vinsgr2vr_w(__lsx_vldi(0),(x), 0)
-#define GGML_F32x4_LOAD(x) __lsx_vld((x), 0)
-#define GGML_F32x4_STORE((x),(y))   __lsx_vst((y), (x), 0)
+#define GGML_F32x4_ZERO    (__m128)__lsx_vldi(0)
+#define GGML_F32x4_SET1(x) (__m128)__lsx_vreplfr2vr_s((x))
+#define GGML_F32x4_LOAD(x) (__m128)__lsx_vld((x), 0)
+#define GGML_F32x4_STORE(x, y)   __lsx_vst(y, x, 0)
 #define GGML_F32x4_FMA(a, b, c) __lsx_vfmadd_s(b, c, a)
 #define GGML_F32x4_ADD     __lsx_vfadd_s
 #define GGML_F32x4_MUL     __lsx_vfmul_s
-#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE(res, x)                                                     \
-{                                                                                     \
-    int offset = GGML_F32_ARR >> 1;                                                   \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                                \
-        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset + i]);                                    \
-    }                                                                                 \
-    offset >>= 1;                                                                     \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                                \
-        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset + i]);                                    \
-    }                                                                                 \
-    offset >>= 1;                                                                     \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                                \
-        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset + i]);                                    \
-    }                                                                                 \
-    __m128i tmp     = __lsx_vsrli_d((__m128i) x[0], 32);                              \
-    tmp             = (__m128i) __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128) tmp, x[0]);                    \
-    tmp             = __lsx_vpickev_w(__lsx_vldi(0), tmp);                            \
-    const __m128 t0 = __lsx_vshuf4i_w(tmp, 0x88);                                     \
-    tmp             = __lsx_vsrli_d((__m128i) t0, 32);                                \
-    tmp             = (__m128i) __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128) tmp, t0);                      \
-    tmp             = __lsx_vpickev_w(__lsx_vldi(0), tmp);                            \
-    res             = (ggml_float) __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(__lsx_vshuf4i_w(tmp, 0x88), 0); \
+
+#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE(res, x)                               \
+{                                                               \
+    int offset = GGML_F32_ARR >> 1;                             \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                          \
+        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset+i]);                \
+    }                                                           \
+    offset >>= 1;                                               \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                          \
+        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset+i]);                \
+    }                                                           \
+    offset >>= 1;                                               \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                          \
+        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset+i]);                \
+    }                                                           \
+    __m128i t0 = __lsx_vpickev_w((__m128i)x[0], (__m128i)x[0]); \
+    __m128i t1 = __lsx_vpickod_w((__m128i)x[0], (__m128i)x[0]); \
+    __m128 t2 = __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128)t0, (__m128)t1);          \
+    __m128i t3 = __lsx_vpickev_w((__m128i)t2, (__m128i)t2);     \
+    __m128i t4 = __lsx_vpickod_w((__m128i)t2, (__m128i)t2);     \
+    __m128 t5 = __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128)t3, (__m128)t4);          \
+    res = (ggml_float) ((v4f32)t5)[0];                          \
 }
 
 #define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
@@ -874,12 +1127,12 @@ static inline void __lasx_f32cx8_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m256 y) {
 static inline __m128 __lsx_f16x4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     float tmp[4];
 
-    tmp[0] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[0]);
-    tmp[1] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[1]);
-    tmp[2] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2]);
-    tmp[3] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[3]);
+    tmp[0] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[0]);
+    tmp[1] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[1]);
+    tmp[2] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2]);
+    tmp[3] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[3]);
 
-    return __lsx_vld(tmp, 0);
+    return (__m128)__lsx_vld(tmp, 0);
 }
 
 static inline void __lsx_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
@@ -887,16 +1140,16 @@ static inline void __lsx_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
 
     __lsx_vst(y, arr, 0);
 
-    x[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[0]);
-    x[1] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[1]);
-    x[2] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[2]);
-    x[3] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[3]);
+    x[0] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[0]);
+    x[1] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[1]);
+    x[2] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[2]);
+    x[3] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[3]);
 }
 
 #define GGML_F32Cx4             __m128
-#define GGML_F32Cx4_ZERO        __lsx_vldi(0)
-#define GGML_F32Cx4_SET1(x)     __lsx_vinsgr2vr_w(__lsx_vldi(0),(x), 0)
-#define GGML_F32Cx4_LOAD(x)     __lsx_f16x4_load(x)
+#define GGML_F32Cx4_ZERO        (__m128)__lsx_vldi(0)
+#define GGML_F32Cx4_SET1(x)     (__m128)__lsx_vreplfr2vr_s((x))
+#define GGML_F32Cx4_LOAD(x)     (__m128)__lsx_f16x4_load(x)
 #define GGML_F32Cx4_STORE(x, y) __lsx_f16x4_store(x, y)
 #define GGML_F32Cx4_FMA         GGML_F32x4_FMA
 #define GGML_F32Cx4_ADD         __lsx_vfadd_s
@@ -922,7 +1175,7 @@ static inline void __lsx_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
 #define GGML_F32_STEP 32
 #define GGML_F32_EPR  4
 
-#define GGML_F32x4              __vector float
+#define GGML_F32x4              float32x4_t
 #define GGML_F32x4_ZERO         vec_splats(0.0f)
 #define GGML_F32x4_SET1         vec_splats
 #define GGML_F32x4_LOAD(p)      vec_xl(0, p)
@@ -947,6 +1200,14 @@ static inline void __lsx_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
     float32x4_t tmp = x[0] + vec_reve(x[0]);        \
     res = tmp[0] + tmp[1];                          \
 }
+#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE_4(res, s0, s1, s2, s3) \
+{                                                \
+    float32x4_t v = vec_add(vec_add(s0, s1),     \
+                            vec_add(s2, s3));    \
+    v = vec_add(v, vec_sld(v, v, 8));            \
+    v = vec_add(v, vec_sld(v, v, 4));            \
+    res += (ggml_float)vec_extract(v, 0);        \
+}
 
 #define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO   GGML_F32x4_ZERO
@@ -962,11 +1223,11 @@ static inline void __lsx_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
 #define GGML_F16_STEP GGML_F32_STEP
 #define GGML_F16_EPR  GGML_F32_EPR
 
-static inline __vector float __lzs_f16cx4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
+static inline float32x4_t __lzs_f16cx4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     float tmp[4];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        tmp[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        tmp[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
     }
 
     // note: keep type-cast here to prevent compiler bugs
@@ -974,15 +1235,15 @@ static inline __vector float __lzs_f16cx4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     return vec_xl(0, (const float *)(tmp));
 }
 
-static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __vector float y) {
+static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, float32x4_t v_y) {
     float arr[4];
 
     // note: keep type-cast here to prevent compiler bugs
     // see: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/12846
-    vec_xst(y, 0, (float *)(arr));
+    vec_xst(v_y, 0, (float *)(arr));
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        x[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[i]);
+        x[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[i]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -996,6 +1257,54 @@ static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __vector float y) {
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_MUL            GGML_F32x4_MUL
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F32x4_REDUCE
 
+// BF16 s390x
+#define GGML_BF16_STEP 16
+#define GGML_BF16_EPR  8
+
+#define GGML_BF16x8         __vector unsigned short
+#define GGML_BF16x8_ZERO    vec_splats((unsigned short)0)
+#define GGML_BF16x8_LOAD(p) vec_xl(0, (const unsigned short *)(p))
+
+#define GGML_BF16_VEC      GGML_BF16x8
+#define GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO GGML_BF16x8_ZERO
+#define GGML_BF16_VEC_LOAD GGML_BF16x8_LOAD
+#define GGML_BF16_TO_F32_LO(v) ((float32x4_t) vec_mergel((v), GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO))
+#define GGML_BF16_TO_F32_HI(v) ((float32x4_t) vec_mergeh((v), GGML_BF16_VEC_ZERO))
+#define GGML_BF16_FMA_LO(acc, x, y) \
+    (acc) = GGML_F32x4_FMA((acc), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_LO(x), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_LO(y))
+#define GGML_BF16_FMA_HI(acc, x, y) \
+    (acc) = GGML_F32x4_FMA((acc), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_HI(x), GGML_BF16_TO_F32_HI(y))
+
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+
+// compatible with vlen >= 128
+
+#define GGML_SIMD
+
+// F32
+
+#define GGML_F32_STEP 16
+#define GGML_F32_EPR  4
+
+#define GGML_F32x4              vfloat32m1_t
+#define GGML_F32x4_ZERO         __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_SET1(x)      __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(x, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_LOAD(x)      __riscv_vle32_v_f32m1(x, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_STORE(b, v)  __riscv_vse32_v_f32m1(b, v, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_FMA(a, b, c) __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m1(a, b, c, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_ADD(a, b)    __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(a, b, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_MUL(a, b)    __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m1(a, b, GGML_F32_EPR)
+
+#define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO   GGML_F32x4_ZERO
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_SET1   GGML_F32x4_SET1
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD   GGML_F32x4_LOAD
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_STORE  GGML_F32x4_STORE
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_FMA    GGML_F32x4_FMA
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_ADD    GGML_F32x4_ADD
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_MUL    GGML_F32x4_MUL
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE GGML_F32x4_REDUCE
+
 #endif
 
 // GGML_F32_ARR / GGML_F16_ARR
@@ -1004,3 +1313,7 @@ static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __vector float y) {
 #define GGML_F32_ARR (GGML_F32_STEP/GGML_F32_EPR)
 #define GGML_F16_ARR (GGML_F16_STEP/GGML_F16_EPR)
 #endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91fe1925eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1025 @@
+#define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_CPP
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_CPP
+
+#include "ime.h"
+
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "ggml-cpu.h"
+#include "ime_kernels.h"
+#include "traits.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>  // for GGML_ASSERT
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <thread>
+
+// clang-format off
+#if defined(__riscv)
+
+#if !defined(__riscv_v) || !defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+#error "riscv v extension or v_intrinsic not enabled"
+#else
+#include <riscv_vector.h>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__riscv_zfh)
+#error "riscv zfh extension not enabled"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(RISCV64_SPACEMIT_IME1)
+#else
+#error "RISCV64_SPACEMIT_IME1 not defined"
+#endif
+
+#else
+
+#error "riscv not enabled in this build"
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Woverlength-strings"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(RISCV64_SPACEMIT_IME1)
+#define QGEMM_STRIDEN_THREAD_ALIGN 16
+#else
+#define QGEMM_STRIDEN_THREAD_ALIGN 32
+#endif
+
+// clang-format on
+
+struct qnbitgemm_spacemit_ime_args {
+    const float *     a_ptr               = nullptr;
+    size_t            lda                 = 0;
+    const std::byte * packed_quant_b_data = nullptr;
+    const float *     quant_b_scale       = nullptr;
+    const void *      quant_b_zp          = nullptr;
+    const float *     quant_b_blksum      = nullptr;
+    const float *     bias                = nullptr;
+    float *           c_ptr               = nullptr;
+    size_t            ldc                 = 0;
+};
+
+constexpr size_t div_round_up(size_t up, size_t down) {
+    return (up + down - 1) / down;
+}
+
+constexpr size_t q8_blk_size(size_t blk_len) {
+    const size_t blk_size = sizeof(float) + blk_len * sizeof(int8_t);
+    // Currently, the strictest alignment requirement of a block is for a float.
+    // Ensure contiguous blocks are suitably aligned.
+    assert(blk_size % alignof(float) == 0);
+    return blk_size;
+}
+
+namespace ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit {
+
+const int num_ai_cores = std::thread::hardware_concurrency() / 2;
+
+}  // namespace ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit
+
+static void sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime_i8i4(const size_t                        blk_len,
+                                         const size_t                        gemm_k,
+                                         const qnbitgemm_spacemit_ime_args * gemm_args,
+                                         void * const                        per_gemm_ws,
+                                         const size_t                        m_start,
+                                         const size_t                        m_count,
+                                         const size_t                        n_start,
+                                         const size_t                        n_count) {
+    constexpr size_t scale_stride = sizeof(uint16_t);
+    constexpr size_t blk_bitwidth = 4;
+
+    const size_t k_blks = div_round_up(gemm_k, blk_len);
+
+    const size_t      lda         = k_blks * q8_blk_size(blk_len);
+    const size_t      ldc         = gemm_args->ldc;
+    const size_t      ldb         = k_blks * (blk_len * blk_bitwidth / 8);
+    const std::byte * quant_a_ptr = static_cast<const std::byte *>(per_gemm_ws) + m_start * lda;
+
+    const size_t      zero_point_stride   = gemm_args->quant_b_zp != nullptr ? sizeof(uint8_t) : 0;
+    const size_t      packed_b_stride     = ldb + k_blks * (scale_stride + zero_point_stride);
+    const std::byte * packed_quant_b_data = gemm_args->packed_quant_b_data + n_start * packed_b_stride;
+
+    float * c_ptr = gemm_args->c_ptr + m_start * ldc + n_start;
+
+    size_t       count_n               = 0;
+    const size_t compute_block_count_n = m_count == 1 ? n_count : 16;
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < n_count; n += count_n) {
+        count_n = std::min(n_count - n, compute_block_count_n);
+
+        const std::byte * a_row    = quant_a_ptr;
+        const std::byte * b_col    = packed_quant_b_data + n * packed_b_stride;
+        const std::byte * b_col_zp = (zero_point_stride != 0) ? b_col : nullptr;
+        float *           c_blk    = c_ptr + n;
+
+        int32_t rows_remaining = m_count;
+
+        while (rows_remaining > 0) {
+            const auto rows_handled = sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime::ime1::gemm_kernel_i8i4(
+                blk_len, a_row, b_col, nullptr, b_col_zp, c_blk, rows_remaining, count_n, gemm_k, k_blks, ldc, nullptr,
+                scale_stride);
+
+            c_blk += rows_handled * ldc;
+            a_row += rows_handled * lda;
+
+            rows_remaining -= rows_handled;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int K> constexpr int QK_0() {
+    if constexpr (K == 4) {
+        return QK4_0;
+    }
+    if constexpr (K == 8) {
+        return QK8_0;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+template <int K, int N> struct block {
+    ggml_half d[N];                         // deltas for N qK_0 blocks
+    uint8_t   qs[(QK_0<K>() * N * K) / 8];  // quants for N qK_0 blocks
+};
+
+template <int K, int N> struct block_with_zp {
+    ggml_half d[N];                         // deltas for N qK_1 blocks
+    uint8_t   zp[N];                        // zero points for N qK_1 blocks
+    uint8_t   qs[(QK_0<K>() * N * K) / 8];  // quants for N qK_1 blocks
+};
+
+// control size
+static_assert(sizeof(block<4, 16>) == 16 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK4_0 * 8, "wrong block<4,16> size/padding");
+static_assert(sizeof(block_with_zp<4, 16>) == 16 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK4_0 * 8 + 16 * sizeof(uint8_t),
+              "wrong block_with_zp<4,16> size/padding");
+static_assert(sizeof(block<8, 16>) == 16 * sizeof(ggml_half) + QK4_0 * 16, "wrong block<8,16> size/padding");
+
+using block_q4_0x16 = block<4, 16>;
+using block_q4_1x16 = block_with_zp<4, 16>;
+using block_q8_0x16 = block<8, 16>;
+
+static block_q4_0x16 make_block_q4_0x16(block_q4_0 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q4_0x16 out;
+    GGML_ASSERT(QK4_0 / blck_size_interleave == 2);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        out.d[i] = in[i].d;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        // [0, 15], in.d & 0x0F
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0 / 4; j++) {
+            //src [b0 b16] ......... [b8 b24] ......... [b15 b31]
+            //dst [b0 b8] ......... [b7 b15]
+            out.qs[i * QK4_0 / 4 + j] = (in[i].qs[j] & 0x0F) | ((in[i].qs[j + QK4_0 / 4] & 0x0F) << 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        // [16, 31], in.d & 0xF0
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0 / 4; j++) {
+            //src [b0 b16] ......... [b8 b24] ......... [b15 b31]
+            //dst [b16 b24] ......... [b23 b31]
+            out.qs[4 * QK4_0 + i * QK4_0 / 4 + j] = ((in[i].qs[j] & 0xF0) >> 4) | (in[i].qs[j + QK4_0 / 4] & 0xF0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static block_q4_1x16 make_block_q4_1x16(block_q4_1 * in, unsigned int blck_size_interleave) {
+    block_q4_1x16 out;
+    GGML_ASSERT(QK4_1 / blck_size_interleave == 2);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        float d   = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d);
+        float m   = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(in[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.m);
+        float mid = -std::nearbyintf(m / d);
+        mid       = std::min(15.0f, std::max(0.0f, mid));
+        out.d[i]  = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
+        out.zp[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(mid);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        // [0, 15], in.d & 0x0F
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1 / 4; j++) {
+            //src [b0 b16] ......... [b8 b24] ......... [b15 b31]
+            //dst [b0 b8] ......... [b7 b15]
+            out.qs[i * QK4_1 / 4 + j] = (in[i].qs[j] & 0x0F) | ((in[i].qs[j + QK4_1 / 4] & 0x0F) << 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        // [16, 31], in.d & 0xF0
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1 / 4; j++) {
+            //src [b0 b16] ......... [b8 b24] ......... [b15 b31]
+            //dst [b16 b24] ......... [b23 b31]
+            out.qs[4 * QK4_1 + i * QK4_1 / 4 + j] = ((in[i].qs[j] & 0xF0) >> 4) | (in[i].qs[j + QK4_1 / 4] & 0xF0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor *       t,
+                                     int                        interleave_block,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT data,
+                                     size_t                     data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 16);
+
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 16;
+
+    block_q4_0x16 *    dst = (block_q4_0x16 *) t->data;
+    const block_q4_0 * src = (const block_q4_0 *) data;
+    block_q4_0         dst_tmp[16];
+    int                nrow    = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int                nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_0;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_0));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % QK4_0 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q4_0x16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_1_to_q4_1_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor *       t,
+                                     int                        interleave_block,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT data,
+                                     size_t                     data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 16);
+
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 16;
+
+    block_q4_1x16 *    dst = (block_q4_1x16 *) t->data;
+    const block_q4_1 * src = (const block_q4_1 *) data;
+    block_q4_1         dst_tmp[16];
+    int                nrow    = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int                nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK4_1;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(data_size == nrow * nblocks * sizeof(block_q4_1));
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % QK4_1 != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                dst_tmp[i] = src[x + i * nblocks];
+            }
+            *dst++ = make_block_q4_1x16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+static inline void get_scale_min_k4(int                           j,
+                                    const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q,
+                                    uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT       d,
+                                    uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT       m) {
+    if (j < 4) {
+        *d = q[j] & 63;
+        *m = q[j + 4] & 63;
+    } else {
+        *d = (q[j + 4] & 0xF) | ((q[j - 4] >> 6) << 4);
+        *m = (q[j + 4] >> 4) | ((q[j - 0] >> 6) << 4);
+    }
+}
+
+static int repack_q4_k_to_q4_1_16_bl(struct ggml_tensor *       t,
+                                     int                        interleave_block,
+                                     const void * GGML_RESTRICT data,
+                                     size_t                     data_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(t->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K);
+    GGML_ASSERT(interleave_block == 16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(QK_K / QK4_1 == 8);
+
+    constexpr int nrows_interleaved = 16;
+
+    block_q4_1x16 *    dst = (block_q4_1x16 *) t->data;
+    const block_q4_K * src = (const block_q4_K *) data;
+    block_q4_1         dst_tmp[16];
+    int                nrow    = ggml_nrows(t);
+    int                nblocks = t->ne[0] / QK_K;
+
+    if (t->ne[1] % nrows_interleaved != 0 || t->ne[0] % QK_K != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int b = 0; b < nrow; b += nrows_interleaved) {
+        for (int64_t x = 0; x < nblocks; x++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < nrows_interleaved; i++) {
+                    uint8_t     sc, m;
+                    const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[x + i * nblocks].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d);
+                    const float min =
+                        GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(src[x + i * nblocks].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.dmin);
+                    get_scale_min_k4(j, src[x + i * nblocks].scales, &sc, &m);
+                    const float d1 = d * sc;
+                    const float m1 = min * m;
+
+                    dst_tmp[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d1);
+                    dst_tmp[i].GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U.GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S.m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(-m1);
+                    // src -> [b0, b32] [b1, b33] ... [b31, b63]
+                    // dst -> [b0, b16] [b1, b17] ... [b15, b31] [b32, b48] [b33, b49] ... [b47, b63]
+                    const uint8_t * q                                  = src[x + i * nblocks].qs + (j / 2) * QK4_1;
+                    if (j % 2 == 0) {
+                        for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ii++) {
+                            dst_tmp[i].qs[ii] = (q[ii] & 0x0F) | ((q[ii + 16] & 0x0F) << 4);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ii++) {
+                            dst_tmp[i].qs[ii] = ((q[ii] & 0xF0) >> 4) | (q[ii + 16] & 0xF0);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                *dst++ = make_block_q4_1x16(dst_tmp, interleave_block);
+            }
+        }
+        src += nrows_interleaved * nblocks;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+}
+
+namespace ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit {
+
+template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS>
+int repack(struct ggml_tensor *, const void *, size_t);
+
+template <> int repack<block_q4_0, 8, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q4_0_to_q4_0_16_bl(t, 16, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q4_1, 8, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q4_1_to_q4_1_16_bl(t, 16, data, data_size);
+}
+
+template <> int repack<block_q4_K, 8, 16>(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    return repack_q4_k_to_q4_1_16_bl(t, 16, data, data_size);
+}
+
+class tensor_traits_base : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
+  public:
+    virtual int repack(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) = 0;
+};
+
+template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS> class tensor_traits : public tensor_traits_base {
+    bool work_size(int /* n_threads */, const struct ggml_tensor * op, size_t & size) override {
+        switch (op->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, ggml_nelements(op->src[1])) * 4;
+                size = ((size + QK4_0 - 1) / QK4_0) * (QK4_0 * sizeof(float) + sizeof(float));
+                return true;
+            default:
+                // GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                break;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
+        switch (op->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ||  //
+                    op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ||  //
+                    op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K) {
+                    forward_mul_mat_q4(params, op);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            default:
+                // GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                break;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void forward_mul_mat_q4(ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * op) {
+        const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+        const ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+        ggml_tensor *       dst  = op;
+
+        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+        int ith = params->ith;
+        int nth = params->nth;
+
+        [[maybe_unused]] const enum ggml_type type = src0->type;
+
+        void *        w_data  = (void *) src0->data;
+        const float * feature = (const float *) src1->data;
+        float *       output  = (float *) dst->data;
+
+        const size_t                  batch_feature = ne12 * ne13;
+        [[maybe_unused]] const size_t batch_weight  = ne02 * ne03;
+        const size_t                  gemm_m        = ne11;
+        const size_t                  gemm_k        = ne10;
+        const size_t                  gemm_n        = ne01;
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(batch_weight == 1);
+
+        const size_t block_count_k           = div_round_up(gemm_k, QK4_0);
+        const size_t per_gemm_workspace_size = gemm_m * block_count_k * q8_blk_size(QK4_0);
+        const size_t per_gemm_workspace_stride =
+            div_round_up(per_gemm_workspace_size, alignof(uint64_t)) * alignof(uint64_t);
+        const size_t gemm_workspace_size = batch_feature * per_gemm_workspace_stride;
+        const size_t desired_wsize       = gemm_workspace_size + alignof(uint64_t) - 1;
+
+        if (ith == 0 && params->wsize < desired_wsize) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("wsize less than desired_wsize");
+        }
+
+        std::vector<qnbitgemm_spacemit_ime_args> qnbitgemm_args(batch_feature);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < batch_feature; i++) {
+            qnbitgemm_args[i].a_ptr               = feature + gemm_m * gemm_k * i;
+            qnbitgemm_args[i].lda                 = gemm_k;
+            qnbitgemm_args[i].packed_quant_b_data = (const std::byte *) w_data;
+            qnbitgemm_args[i].quant_b_scale       = nullptr;
+
+            if constexpr (std::is_same_v<BLOC_TYPE, block_q4_0>) {
+                qnbitgemm_args[i].quant_b_zp = nullptr;
+            } else {
+                qnbitgemm_args[i].quant_b_zp = w_data;
+            }
+
+            qnbitgemm_args[i].bias  = nullptr;
+            qnbitgemm_args[i].c_ptr = output + gemm_m * gemm_n * i;
+            qnbitgemm_args[i].ldc   = gemm_n;
+        }
+
+        const uintptr_t ws_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(params->wdata);
+        void *          ws = reinterpret_cast<void *>((ws_ptr + alignof(uint64_t) - 1) & (~(alignof(uint64_t) - 1)));
+        const size_t    quant_a_stride = block_count_k * q8_blk_size(QK4_0);
+
+        {
+            constexpr size_t block_size_m           = 4;
+            size_t           per_gemm_block_count_m = div_round_up(gemm_m, block_size_m);
+            int32_t          task_count             = batch_feature * per_gemm_block_count_m;
+            int32_t          task_per_thread        = (task_count + nth - 1) / nth;
+            int32_t          start                  = ith * task_per_thread;
+            int32_t          end                    = std::min((ith + 1) * task_per_thread, task_count);
+            for (int32_t compute_idx = start; compute_idx < end; compute_idx++) {
+                int32_t                             gemm_idx = compute_idx / per_gemm_block_count_m;
+                int32_t                             block_idx_in_gemm = compute_idx % per_gemm_block_count_m;
+                int32_t                             m_idx    = block_idx_in_gemm * block_size_m;
+                const qnbitgemm_spacemit_ime_args & data     = qnbitgemm_args[gemm_idx];
+                int32_t rows_tobe_handled = (gemm_m - m_idx) > block_size_m ? block_size_m : (gemm_m - m_idx);
+
+                if (rows_tobe_handled == block_size_m) {
+                    const float * a_row_ptr = data.a_ptr + m_idx * data.lda;
+                    std::byte *   quant_a_row_ptr =
+                        static_cast<std::byte *>(ws) + gemm_idx * per_gemm_workspace_stride + m_idx * quant_a_stride;
+                    sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime::ime1::quantize_a_4row_i8(QK4_0, a_row_ptr, gemm_k, quant_a_row_ptr);
+                } else {
+                    while (rows_tobe_handled) {
+                        const float * a_row_ptr       = data.a_ptr + m_idx * data.lda;
+                        std::byte *   quant_a_row_ptr = static_cast<std::byte *>(ws) +
+                                                      gemm_idx * per_gemm_workspace_stride + m_idx * quant_a_stride;
+                        sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime::ime1::quantize_a_row_i8(QK4_0, a_row_ptr, gemm_k, quant_a_row_ptr);
+                        rows_tobe_handled -= 1;
+                        m_idx += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        if (ith >= ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::num_ai_cores) {
+            return;
+        }
+        nth = std::min(nth, int{ ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::num_ai_cores });
+
+        size_t           threads_per_gemm = nth / batch_feature;
+        constexpr size_t gemm_m_stride    = 128;
+        size_t           nc               = gemm_n;
+        const size_t     gemm_m_blocked   = div_round_up(gemm_m, gemm_m_stride);
+        const size_t     max_nc           = div_round_up(gemm_n * gemm_m_blocked, threads_per_gemm);
+        if (max_nc < nc) {
+            nc = std::min(nc, div_round_up(max_nc, QGEMM_STRIDEN_THREAD_ALIGN) * QGEMM_STRIDEN_THREAD_ALIGN);
+        }
+        const size_t gemm_n_stride  = nc;
+        const size_t thread_count_m = div_round_up(gemm_m, gemm_m_stride);
+        const size_t thread_count_n = div_round_up(gemm_n, gemm_n_stride);
+        threads_per_gemm            = thread_count_m * thread_count_n;
+
+        {
+            int task_count      = batch_feature * threads_per_gemm;
+            int task_per_thread = (task_count + nth - 1) / nth;
+            int start           = ith * task_per_thread;
+            int end             = std::min((ith + 1) * task_per_thread, task_count);
+            for (int compute_idx = start; compute_idx < end; compute_idx++) {
+                const auto   gemm_i = compute_idx / threads_per_gemm;
+                const auto   blk_i  = compute_idx % threads_per_gemm;
+                const auto * data   = &qnbitgemm_args[gemm_i];
+
+                const auto tid_n = blk_i / thread_count_m;
+                const auto tid_m = blk_i % thread_count_m;
+
+                const size_t m_start = tid_m * gemm_m_stride;
+                const size_t m_count = std::min(gemm_m - m_start, (size_t) gemm_m_stride);
+
+                const size_t n_start = tid_n * gemm_n_stride;
+                const size_t n_count = std::min(gemm_n - n_start, (size_t) gemm_n_stride);
+
+                void * per_gemm_ws = reinterpret_cast<std::byte *>(ws) + gemm_i * per_gemm_workspace_stride;
+
+                sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime_i8i4(QK4_0, gemm_k, data, per_gemm_ws, m_start, m_count, n_start, n_count);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    int repack(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) override {
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: repack tensor %s with %s_%dx%d\n", __func__, t->name, ggml_type_name(t->type),
+                       (int) NB_COLS, (int) INTER_SIZE);
+        return ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::repack<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS>(t, data, data_size);
+    }
+};
+
+class tensor_traits_common : public tensor_traits_base {
+    bool work_size(int /* n_threads */, const struct ggml_tensor * op, size_t & size) override {
+        switch (op->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+                size = 0;
+                return true;
+            default:
+                // GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                break;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
+        switch (op->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_NORM:
+                forward_norm_f32(params, op);
+                return true;
+            case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+                forward_rms_norm_f32(params, op);
+                return true;
+            default:
+                // GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                break;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void forward_norm_f32(ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * op) {
+        const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+        ggml_tensor *       dst  = op;
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+
+        const int ith = params->ith;
+        const int nth = params->nth;
+
+        GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+        float epsilon;
+        memcpy(&epsilon, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(epsilon > 0.0f);
+
+        auto * input  = (float *) src0->data;
+        auto * output = (float *) dst->data;
+
+        const auto hidden_size     = ne00;
+        const auto task_count      = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+        const auto task_per_thread = (task_count + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+        const auto task_begin = ith * task_per_thread;
+        const auto task_end   = std::min((ith + 1) * task_per_thread, task_count);
+
+        for (auto task_idx = task_begin; task_idx < task_end; task_idx++) {
+            auto   offset  = task_idx * hidden_size;
+            auto * p_input = const_cast<float *>(input + offset);
+
+            auto *       p_output      = output + offset;
+            auto *       p_temp_output = p_output;
+            auto *       p_gamma_data  = (const float *) nullptr;
+            auto *       p_beta_data   = (const float *) nullptr;
+            size_t       gvl           = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4();
+            vfloat32m4_t sum           = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.f, gvl);
+            vfloat32m4_t sum_sq        = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.f, gvl);
+            int64_t      length        = hidden_size;
+            while (length > 0) {
+                gvl                   = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                // load data
+                vfloat32m4_t src_data = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_input, gvl);
+
+                sum    = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m4(sum, src_data, gvl);
+                sum_sq = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m4(sum_sq, src_data, src_data, gvl);
+
+                __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, src_data, gvl);
+
+                p_input += gvl;
+                p_temp_output += gvl;
+                length -= gvl;
+            }
+
+            gvl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1();
+
+            float        mean   = 0.f;
+            vfloat32m1_t zero_v = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.f, gvl);
+            vfloat32m1_t mean_v =
+                __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(__riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum, 0), __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum, 1), gvl);
+            mean_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(mean_v, __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum, 2), gvl);
+            mean_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(mean_v, __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum, 3), gvl);
+            mean_v = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(mean_v, zero_v, gvl);
+            mean   = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(mean_v);
+            mean /= hidden_size;
+
+            vfloat32m1_t mean_square_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(__riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 0),
+                                                                __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 1), gvl);
+            mean_square_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(mean_square_v, __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 2), gvl);
+            mean_square_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(mean_square_v, __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 3), gvl);
+            mean_square_v = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(mean_square_v, zero_v, gvl);
+
+            float mean_square = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(mean_square_v);
+            mean_square /= hidden_size;
+            mean_square = sqrt(mean_square - mean * mean + epsilon);
+
+            mean_square   = 1.0f / mean_square;
+            length        = hidden_size;
+            p_temp_output = p_output;
+
+            if (p_gamma_data == nullptr && p_beta_data == nullptr) {
+                while (length > 0) {
+                    gvl                   = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                    vfloat32m4_t src_data = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, gvl);
+                    src_data              = __riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean, gvl);
+                    src_data              = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean_square, gvl);
+                    __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_output, src_data, gvl);
+                    p_temp_output += gvl;
+                    p_output += gvl;
+                    length -= gvl;
+                }
+            } else if (p_beta_data == nullptr) {
+                while (length > 0) {
+                    gvl                       = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                    vfloat32m4_t src_data     = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, gvl);
+                    vfloat32m4_t gamma_data_v = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_gamma_data, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean_square, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m4(src_data, gamma_data_v, gvl);
+                    __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_output, src_data, gvl);
+                    p_temp_output += gvl;
+                    p_output += gvl;
+                    p_gamma_data += gvl;
+                    length -= gvl;
+                }
+            } else if (p_gamma_data != nullptr) {
+                while (length > 0) {
+                    gvl                       = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                    vfloat32m4_t src_data     = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, gvl);
+                    vfloat32m4_t gamma_data_v = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_gamma_data, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean_square, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m4(src_data, gamma_data_v, gvl);
+                    vfloat32m4_t beta_data_v  = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_beta_data, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m4(src_data, beta_data_v, gvl);
+                    p_beta_data += gvl;
+                    __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_output, src_data, gvl);
+                    p_temp_output += gvl;
+                    p_output += gvl;
+                    p_gamma_data += gvl;
+                    length -= gvl;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void forward_rms_norm_f32(ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * op) {
+        const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+        ggml_tensor *       dst  = op;
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+
+        const int ith = params->ith;
+        const int nth = params->nth;
+
+        GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+        float epsilon;
+        memcpy(&epsilon, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(epsilon > 0.0f);
+
+        auto * input  = (float *) src0->data;
+        auto * output = (float *) dst->data;
+
+        const auto hidden_size     = ne00;
+        const auto task_count      = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+        const auto task_per_thread = (task_count + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+        const auto task_begin = ith * task_per_thread;
+        const auto task_end   = std::min((ith + 1) * task_per_thread, task_count);
+
+        for (auto task_idx = task_begin; task_idx < task_end; task_idx++) {
+            auto   offset        = task_idx * hidden_size;
+            auto * p_input       = const_cast<float *>(input + offset);
+            auto * p_output      = output + offset;
+            auto * p_temp_output = p_output;
+            auto * p_gamma_data  = (const float *) nullptr;
+            auto * p_beta_data   = (const float *) nullptr;
+
+            size_t       gvl    = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4();
+            // vfloat32m4_t sum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.f, gvl);
+            vfloat32m4_t sum_sq = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.f, gvl);
+            int64_t      length = hidden_size;
+            while (length > 0) {
+                gvl                   = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                // load data
+                vfloat32m4_t src_data = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_input, gvl);
+
+                sum_sq = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m4(sum_sq, src_data, src_data, gvl);
+
+                __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, src_data, gvl);
+
+                p_input += gvl;
+                p_temp_output += gvl;
+                length -= gvl;
+            }
+
+            gvl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1();
+
+            // float mean = 0.f;
+            vfloat32m1_t zero_v = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.f, gvl);
+
+            vfloat32m1_t mean_square_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(__riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 0),
+                                                                __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 1), gvl);
+            mean_square_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(mean_square_v, __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 2), gvl);
+            mean_square_v = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(mean_square_v, __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m1(sum_sq, 3), gvl);
+            mean_square_v = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(mean_square_v, zero_v, gvl);
+
+            float mean_square = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(mean_square_v);
+            mean_square /= hidden_size;
+
+            mean_square = sqrt(mean_square + epsilon);
+
+            mean_square   = 1.0f / mean_square;
+            length        = hidden_size;
+            p_temp_output = p_output;
+
+            if (p_gamma_data == nullptr && p_beta_data == nullptr) {
+                while (length > 0) {
+                    gvl                   = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                    vfloat32m4_t src_data = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, gvl);
+                    src_data              = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean_square, gvl);
+                    __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_output, src_data, gvl);
+                    p_temp_output += gvl;
+                    p_output += gvl;
+                    length -= gvl;
+                }
+            } else if (p_beta_data == nullptr) {
+                while (length > 0) {
+                    gvl                       = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                    vfloat32m4_t src_data     = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, gvl);
+                    vfloat32m4_t gamma_data_v = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_gamma_data, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean_square, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m4(src_data, gamma_data_v, gvl);
+                    __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_output, src_data, gvl);
+                    p_temp_output += gvl;
+                    p_output += gvl;
+                    p_gamma_data += gvl;
+                    length -= gvl;
+                }
+            } else if (p_gamma_data != nullptr) {
+                while (length > 0) {
+                    gvl                       = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(length);
+                    vfloat32m4_t src_data     = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_temp_output, gvl);
+                    vfloat32m4_t gamma_data_v = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_gamma_data, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(src_data, mean_square, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m4(src_data, gamma_data_v, gvl);
+                    vfloat32m4_t beta_data_v  = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(p_beta_data, gvl);
+                    src_data                  = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m4(src_data, beta_data_v, gvl);
+                    p_beta_data += gvl;
+                    __riscv_vse32_v_f32m4(p_output, src_data, gvl);
+                    p_temp_output += gvl;
+                    p_output += gvl;
+                    p_gamma_data += gvl;
+                    length -= gvl;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    int repack(struct ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t data_size) override {
+        memcpy(t->data, data, data_size);
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+static const tensor_traits<block_q4_0, 8, 16> q4_0_16x8_q8_0;
+static const tensor_traits<block_q4_1, 8, 16> q4_1_16x8_q8_0;
+static const tensor_traits<block_q4_K, 8, 16> q4_k_16x8_q8_0;
+static const tensor_traits_common             rvv_impl;
+
+}  // namespace ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit
+
+static const ggml::cpu::tensor_traits * ggml_riscv64_spacemit_get_optimal_repack_type(const struct ggml_tensor * cur) {
+    if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) {
+            return &ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::q4_0_16x8_q8_0;
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) {
+            return &ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::q4_1_16x8_q8_0;
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K) {
+        if (cur->ne[1] % 16 == 0) {
+            return &ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::q4_k_16x8_q8_0;
+        }
+    } else if (cur->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return &ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::rvv_impl;
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                                         struct ggml_tensor *  tensor) {
+    tensor->extra =
+        (void *) const_cast<ggml::cpu::tensor_traits *>(ggml_riscv64_spacemit_get_optimal_repack_type(tensor));
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                            struct ggml_tensor *  tensor,
+                                                            const void *          data,
+                                                            size_t                offset,
+                                                            size_t                size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(size == ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+
+    auto tensor_traits = (ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::tensor_traits_base *) tensor->extra;
+    if (tensor_traits) {
+        auto OK = tensor_traits->repack(tensor, data, size);
+        GGML_ASSERT(OK == 0);
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return "CPU_RISCV64_SPACEMIT";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                                                        size_t size) {
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type(), size);
+
+    if (buffer == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    buffer->buft              = buft;
+    buffer->iface.init_tensor = ggml_backend_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_init_tensor;
+    buffer->iface.set_tensor  = ggml_backend_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_set_tensor;
+    buffer->iface.get_tensor  = nullptr;
+    buffer->iface.cpy_tensor  = nullptr;
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return 64;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_nbytes(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                       const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+        if (tensor->ne[i] <= 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_t       nbytes;
+    const size_t blck_size = ggml_blck_size(tensor->type);
+    if (blck_size == 1) {
+        nbytes = ggml_type_size(tensor->type);
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+            nbytes += (tensor->ne[i] - 1) * tensor->nb[i];
+        }
+    } else {
+        nbytes = tensor->ne[0] * tensor->nb[0] / blck_size;
+        if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(nbytes % sizeof(block_q4_K) == 0);
+            nbytes = (nbytes / sizeof(block_q4_K)) * sizeof(block_q4_1) * 8;
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+                nbytes += (tensor->ne[i] - 1) * (tensor->nb[i] / sizeof(block_q4_K)) * sizeof(block_q4_1) * 8;
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+                nbytes += (tensor->ne[i] - 1) * tensor->nb[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+    return nbytes;
+}
+
+namespace ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit {
+
+class extra_buffer_type : ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type {
+    bool supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t, const struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
+        switch (op->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                if (op->src[0]->buffer && (ggml_n_dims(op->src[0]) == 2) &&
+                    op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type() &&
+                    ggml_riscv64_spacemit_get_optimal_repack_type(op->src[0])) {
+                    if (op->src[1]->buffer && !ggml_backend_buft_is_host(op->src[1]->buffer->buft)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+                if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                // GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                break;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ggml::cpu::tensor_traits * get_tensor_traits(const struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
+        switch (op->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                if (op->src[0]->buffer && op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type()) {
+                    return (ggml::cpu::tensor_traits *) op->src[0]->extra;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+                return (ggml::cpu::tensor_traits *) (&ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::rvv_impl);
+            default:
+                // GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit
+
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type(void) {
+    static struct ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type_riscv64_spacemit = {
+  /* .iface    = */
+        {
+         /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type_get_name,
+         /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+         /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+         /* .get_max_size     = */ nullptr,
+         /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_nbytes,
+         /* .is_host          = */ nullptr,
+         },
+ /* .device  = */
+        ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cpu_reg(), 0),
+ /* .context = */
+        new ggml::cpu::riscv64_spacemit::extra_buffer_type(),
+    };
+
+    return &ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type_riscv64_spacemit;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..800d91acdae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-alloc.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cpu_riscv64_spacemit_buffer_type(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime1_kernels.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime1_kernels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbbb6cd9160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime1_kernels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3196 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ime_kernels.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+// clang-format off
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Woverlength-strings"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
+#endif
+// clang-format on
+namespace sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime {
+
+#define QUANTIZEM4ROW_KERNEL                           \
+    "vmv.s.x            v16, zero                \n\t" \
+    "vfabs.v            v8, v0                   \n\t" \
+    "vfredmax.vs        v16, v8, v16             \n\t" \
+    "vfmv.f.s           f10, v16                 \n\t" \
+    "fmul.s             f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]     \n\t" \
+    "fsw                f10, (a1)                \n\t" \
+    "fdiv.s             f11, %[FONE], f10        \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf           v16, v0, f11             \n\t" \
+    "vfcvt.x.f.v        v16, v16                 \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e16, mf2       \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v16, v16, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v17, v17, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v18, v18, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v19, v19, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v20, v20, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v21, v21, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v22, v22, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v23, v23, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf4        \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v24, v16, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v25, v17, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v26, v18, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v27, v19, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v28, v20, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v29, v21, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v30, v22, zero           \n\t" \
+    "vnclip.wx          v31, v23, zero           \n\t"
+
+#define QUANTIZEM4ROW_STORE                            \
+    "addi               t1, %[BlkLen], 0         \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v24, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t" \
+    "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v25, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t" \
+    "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v26, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t" \
+    "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v27, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t" \
+    "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v28, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t" \
+    "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v29, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t" \
+    "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v30, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t" \
+    "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli            t0, t1, e8, mf4          \n\t" \
+    "vse8.v             v31, (s1)                \n\t"
+
+namespace ime1 {
+void quantize_a_4row_i8(size_t BlkLen, const float * A, size_t CountK, std::byte * QuantA) {
+    constexpr float range_max_reciprocal = 1.0f / ((1 << 7) - 1);
+    const float     fone                 = 1.0f;
+
+    if (BlkLen == 16 || BlkLen == 32 || BlkLen == 64) {
+        for (size_t row_index = 0; row_index < 4; ++row_index) {
+            const float * SRC = A + row_index * CountK;
+            std::byte *   DST = QuantA + row_index * sizeof(float);
+
+            const size_t offset = (4 - row_index) * 4 + row_index * 8;
+            const size_t stride = 4 * (sizeof(float) + BlkLen);
+            __asm__ volatile(
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "addi               t2, %[CountK], 0         \n\t"
+                "addi               a1, %[DST], 0            \n\t"
+                "blt                t2, %[BlkLen], TAIL%=    \n\t"
+
+                "LOOP%=:                                     \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, %[BlkLen], e32, m8   \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "sub                t2, t2, t0               \n\t"
+                "slli               t1, t0, 2                \n\t"
+                "add                %[SRC], %[SRC], t1       \n\t"
+                "add                s1, a1, %[OFFSET]        \n\t"
+
+                QUANTIZEM4ROW_KERNEL QUANTIZEM4ROW_STORE
+
+                "add                a1, a1, %[STRIDE]        \n\t"
+                "bge                t2, %[BlkLen], LOOP%=    \n\t"
+
+                "TAIL%=:                                     \n\t"
+                "blez               t2, QUIT%=               \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16            \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v24, v24, v24            \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t2, e32, m8          \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "add                s1, a1, %[OFFSET]        \n\t"
+
+                QUANTIZEM4ROW_KERNEL
+
+                "addi               t3, %[BlkLen], 0         \n\t"
+                "addi               s2, s1, 0                \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf4        \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v8, v8, v8               \n\t"
+                "SET_ZERO%=:                                 \n\t"
+                "vse8.v             v8, (s2)                 \n\t"
+                "addi               s2, s2, 32               \n\t"
+                "addi               t3, t3, -8               \n\t"
+                "bnez               t3, SET_ZERO%=           \n\t"
+
+                QUANTIZEM4ROW_STORE
+
+                "QUIT%=:                                     \n\t"
+                : [SRC] "+r"(SRC)
+                : [DST] "r"(DST), [BlkLen] "r"(BlkLen), [OFFSET] "r"(offset), [STRIDE] "r"(stride),
+                  [CountK] "r"(CountK), [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal)
+                : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "s1", "s2", "f10", "f11");
+        }
+    } else if (BlkLen == 128) {
+        for (size_t row_index = 0; row_index < 4; ++row_index) {
+            const float * SRC = A + row_index * CountK;
+            std::byte *   DST = QuantA + row_index * sizeof(float);
+
+            const size_t offset = (4 - row_index) * 4 + row_index * 8;
+            const size_t stride = 4 * (sizeof(float) + BlkLen);
+            __asm__ volatile(
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "li                 t6, 32                   \n\t"
+                "addi               t2, %[CountK], 0         \n\t"
+                "addi               a1, %[DST], 0            \n\t"
+                "add                s1, a1, %[OFFSET]        \n\t"
+                "blt                t2, %[BlkLen], TAIL%=    \n\t"
+
+                "LOOP%=:                                     \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v8, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "addi               t2, t2, -128             \n\t"
+
+                "QUANTIZE%=:                                 \n\t"
+                "add                s1, a1, %[OFFSET]        \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v16, v0                  \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v24, v8                  \n\t"
+                "vfmax.vv           v16, v24, v16            \n\t"
+                "vfredmax.vs        v24, v16, v24            \n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s           f10, v24                 \n\t"
+                "fmul.s             f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]     \n\t"
+                "fsw                f10, (a1)                \n\t"
+                "fdiv.s             f11, %[FONE], f10        \n\t"
+                "vfmul.vf           v16, v0, f11             \n\t"
+                "vfmul.vf           v24, v8, f11             \n\t"
+                "vfcvt.x.f.v        v16, v16                 \n\t"
+                "vfcvt.x.f.v        v24, v24                 \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e16, m4        \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v16, v16, zero           \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v20, v24, zero           \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m4         \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v16, v16, zero           \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e64, m4        \n\t"
+                "vsse64.v           v16, (s1), t6            \n\t"
+                "add                a1, a1, %[STRIDE]        \n\t"
+                "bge                t2, %[BlkLen], LOOP%=    \n\t"
+
+                "TAIL%=:                                     \n\t"
+                "blez               t2, QUIT%=               \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv             v0, v0, v0              \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv             v8, v8, v8              \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv             v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv             v24, v24, v24           \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t2, e32, m8          \n\t"
+                "sub                t2, t2, t0               \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t2, e32, m8          \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v8, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "sub                t2, t2, t2               \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "jal                x0, QUANTIZE%=           \n\t"
+
+                "QUIT%=:                                     \n\t"
+                : [SRC] "+r"(SRC)
+                : [DST] "r"(DST), [BlkLen] "r"(BlkLen), [OFFSET] "r"(offset), [STRIDE] "r"(stride),
+                  [CountK] "r"(CountK), [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal)
+                : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t6", "a1", "s1", "s2", "f10", "f11");
+        }
+    } else if (BlkLen == 256) {
+        for (size_t row_index = 0; row_index < 4; ++row_index) {
+            const float * SRC    = A + row_index * CountK;
+            std::byte *   DST    = QuantA + row_index * sizeof(float);
+            const size_t  offset = (4 - row_index) * 4 + row_index * 8;
+            const size_t  stride = 4 * (sizeof(float) + BlkLen);
+            __asm__ volatile(
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "li                 t6, 32                   \n\t"
+                "addi               t2, %[CountK], 0         \n\t"
+                "addi               a1, %[DST], 0            \n\t"
+                "add                s1, a1, %[OFFSET]        \n\t"
+                "blt                t2, %[BlkLen], TAIL%=    \n\t"
+
+                "LOOP%=:                                     \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v8, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v16, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v24, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], -768     \n\t"
+                "addi               t2, t2, -256             \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v0, v0                   \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v8, v8                   \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v16, v16                 \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v24, v24                 \n\t"
+                "vfmax.vv           v8, v0, v8               \n\t"
+                "vfmax.vv           v24, v24, v16            \n\t"
+                "vfmax.vv           v8, v8, v24              \n\t"
+                "vfredmax.vs        v24, v8, v24             \n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s           f10, v24                 \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v8, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v16, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v24, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+
+                "QUANTIZE%=:                                 \n\t"
+                "add                s1, a1, %[OFFSET]        \n\t"
+                "fmul.s             f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]     \n\t"
+                "fsw                f10, (a1)                \n\t"
+                "fdiv.s             f11, %[FONE], f10        \n\t"
+                "vfmul.vf           v0, v0, f11              \n\t"
+                "vfmul.vf           v8, v8, f11              \n\t"
+                "vfmul.vf           v16, v16, f11            \n\t"
+                "vfmul.vf           v24, v24, f11            \n\t"
+                "vfcvt.x.f.v        v0, v0                   \n\t"
+                "vfcvt.x.f.v        v8, v8                   \n\t"
+                "vfcvt.x.f.v        v16, v16                 \n\t"
+                "vfcvt.x.f.v        v24, v24                 \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e16, m4        \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v0, v0, zero             \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v4, v8, zero             \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v8, v16, zero            \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v12, v24, zero           \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m4         \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v0, v0, zero             \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v4, v8, zero             \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e64, m8        \n\t"
+                "vsse64.v           v0, (s1), t6             \n\t"
+                "add                a1, a1, %[STRIDE]        \n\t"
+                "bge                t2, %[BlkLen], LOOP%=    \n\t"
+
+                "TAIL%=:                                     \n\t"
+                "blez               t2, QUIT%=               \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v0, v0, v0               \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v8, v8, v8               \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16            \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v24, v24, v24            \n\t"
+                "addi               t1, t2, 0                \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t1, e32, m8          \n\t"
+                "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t1, e32, m8          \n\t"
+                "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v8, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t1, e32, m8          \n\t"
+                "sub                t1, t1, t0               \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v16, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 256      \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t1, e32, m8          \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v24, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], -768     \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8        \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v0, v0                   \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v8, v8                   \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v16, v16                 \n\t"
+                "vfabs.v            v24, v24                 \n\t"
+                "vfmax.vv           v8, v0, v8               \n\t"
+                "vfmax.vv           v24, v16, v24            \n\t"
+                "vfmax.vv           v8, v8, v24              \n\t"
+                "vfredmax.vs        v24, v8, v24             \n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s           f10, v24                 \n\t"
+                "add                s1, a1, %[OFFSET]        \n\t"
+                "fmul.s             f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]     \n\t"
+                "fsw                f10, (a1)                \n\t"
+                "fdiv.s             f11, %[FONE], f10        \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e64, m8        \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v0, v0, v0               \n\t"
+                "vsse64.v           v0, (s1), t6             \n\t"
+
+                "TAIL_LOOP%=:                                \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m4        \n\t"
+                "vxor.vv            v0, v0, v0               \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, t2, e32, m1          \n\t"
+                "sub                t2, t2, t0               \n\t"
+                "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])             \n\t"
+                "addi               %[SRC], %[SRC], 32       \n\t"
+                "vfmul.vf           v1, v0, f11              \n\t"
+                "vfcvt.x.f.v        v2, v1                   \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e16, mf2       \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v3, v2, zero             \n\t"
+                "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf4        \n\t"
+                "vnclip.wx          v3, v3, zero             \n\t"
+                "vse8.v             v3, (s1)                 \n\t"
+                "addi               s1, s1, 32               \n\t"
+                "bnez               t2, TAIL_LOOP%=          \n\t"
+
+                "QUIT%=:                                     \n\t"
+                : [SRC] "+r"(SRC)
+                : [DST] "r"(DST), [BlkLen] "r"(BlkLen), [OFFSET] "r"(offset), [STRIDE] "r"(stride),
+                  [CountK] "r"(CountK), [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal)
+                : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t6", "a1", "s1", "s2", "f10", "f11");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_a_row_i8(size_t BlkLen, const float * A, size_t CountK, std::byte * QuantA) {
+    const float *   SRC                  = A;
+    std::byte *     DST                  = QuantA;
+    constexpr float range_max_reciprocal = 1.0f / ((1 << 7) - 1);
+    const float     fone                 = 1.0f;
+    std::byte *     QuantA_offset        = QuantA + CountK + 4 * ((CountK + BlkLen - 1) / BlkLen);
+    size_t          offset               = (CountK + BlkLen - 1) / BlkLen * BlkLen - CountK;
+
+    if (CountK <= BlkLen) {
+        float max_abs_A = 0.0f;
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < CountK; k++) {
+            max_abs_A = std::max(max_abs_A, fabsf(A[k]));
+        }
+        float scale_A = max_abs_A * range_max_reciprocal;
+
+        ((float *) QuantA)[0] = scale_A;
+
+        auto * QuantAData_offset = (int8_t *) (QuantA + sizeof(float));
+
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < CountK; k++) {
+            QuantAData_offset[k] =
+                (int8_t) std::clamp(roundf(A[k] / scale_A), (float) std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::lowest(),
+                                    (float) std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max());
+        }
+        for (size_t k = CountK; k < BlkLen; k++) {
+            QuantAData_offset[k] = 0;
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (BlkLen != 32 || BlkLen != 64 || BlkLen != 128) {
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m8        \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v24, v24, v24           \n\t"
+            "LOOP%=:                              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, %[CNT], e8, m8      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v24, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 128     \n\t"
+            "sub          %[CNT], %[CNT], t0      \n\t"
+            "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP%=          \n\t"
+            : [DST] "+r"(QuantA_offset), [CNT] "+r"(offset)
+            :
+            : "cc", "t0");
+    }
+    if (BlkLen == 16) {
+        float buffer[64] = { 0.0f };
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "addi         t3, zero, 16*8          \n\t"
+            "addi         t2, zero, 16            \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t3, LOOP_K%=      \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t2, TAIL%=        \n\t"
+            "LOOP_MAIN%=:                         \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "addi         %[K], %[K], -128        \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v2, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v4, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v6, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v8, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v10, (%[SRC])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v12, (%[SRC])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v14, (%[SRC])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, %[BUFFER], 0        \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v0                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v18, v2                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v20, v4                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v22, v6                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v24, v8                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v26, v10                \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v28, v12                \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v30, v14                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v18, v18, v19           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v20, v20, v21           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v22, v22, v23           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v24, v24, v25           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v26, v26, v27           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v28, v28, v29           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v30, v30, v31           \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v16, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v18, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v20, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v22, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v24, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v26, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v28, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v30, (a1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, %[BUFFER], 0        \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f10, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f10, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f11, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f11, f11, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f11, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f11       \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f12, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f12, f12, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f12, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f12, %[FONE], f12       \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f13, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f13, f13, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f13, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f13, %[FONE], f13       \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f14, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f14, f14, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f14, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f14, %[FONE], f14       \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f15, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f15, f15, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f15, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f15, %[FONE], f15       \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f16, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f16, f16, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f16, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f16, %[FONE], f16       \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(a1)               \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(a1)              \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(a1)              \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 32              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f17, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f17, f17, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f17, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], -136    \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f17, %[FONE], f17       \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v0, f10            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v18, v2, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v20, v4, f12            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v22, v6, f13            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f14            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f15           \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v28, v12, f16           \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v30, v14, f17           \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v18, v18                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v20, v20                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v22, v22                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v24, v24                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v26, v26                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v28, v28                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v30, v30                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m1       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v18, v18, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v20, v20, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v22, v22, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v24, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v26, v26, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v28, v28, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v30, v30, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t1, e8, mf2         \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v18, v18, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v20, v20, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v22, v22, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v24, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v26, v26, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v28, v28, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v30, v30, zero          \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v16, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v18, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v20, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v22, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v24, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v26, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v28, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 20      \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v30, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 16      \n\t"
+            "bge          %[K], t3, LOOP_MAIN%=   \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t2, TAIL%=        \n\t"
+            "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, %[K], e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 64      \n\t"
+            "sub          %[K], %[K], t1          \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v0                 \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v16, (%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (%[BUFFER])         \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f10, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 4       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v0, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m1       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t1, e8, mf2         \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v16, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 16      \n\t"
+            "bge          %[K], t2, LOOP_K%=      \n\t"
+            "TAIL%=:                              \n\t"
+            "blez         %[K], END%=             \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, m2         \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+            "jal          x0, LOOP_K%=            \n\t"
+            "END%=:                               \n\t"
+            : [SRC] "+r"(SRC), [DST] "+r"(DST), [K] "+r"(CountK)
+            : [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal), [BUFFER] "r"(buffer)
+            : "cc", "t3", "t2", "t1", "t0", "a1", "f0", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f10", "f11", "f12",
+              "f13", "f14", "f15", "f16", "f17");
+    } else if (BlkLen == 32) {
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "addi         t3, zero, 32*4          \n\t"
+            "addi         t2, zero, 32            \n\t"
+
+            "addi         a1, %[SRC], 0           \n\t"
+            "addi         a2, %[SRC], 128         \n\t"
+            "addi         a3, %[SRC], 256         \n\t"
+            "addi         a4, %[SRC], 384         \n\t"
+
+            "addi         s1, %[DST], 0           \n\t"
+            "addi         s2, %[DST], 36          \n\t"
+            "addi         s3, %[DST], 72          \n\t"
+            "addi         s4, %[DST], 108         \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t3, LOOP_K%=      \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t2, TAIL%=        \n\t"
+
+            "LOOP_MAIN%=:                         \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "addi         %[K], %[K], -128        \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 512             \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v4, (a2)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a2, a2, 512             \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v8, (a3)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a3, a3, 512             \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v12, (a4)               \n\t"
+            "addi         a4, a4, 512             \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v0                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v20, v4                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v24, v8                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v28, v12                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v18           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v20, v20, v22           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v24, v24, v26           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v28, v28, v30           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v20, v20, v21           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v24, v24, v25           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v28, v28, v29           \n\t"
+
+            "vfredmax.vs  v17, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v21, v20, v21           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v25, v24, v25           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v29, v28, v29           \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f10,  v17               \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f11,  v21               \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f12,  v25               \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f13,  v29               \n\t"
+
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f11, f11, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f12, f12, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f13, f13, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 4               \n\t"
+
+            "fsw          f11, (s2)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s2, s2, 4               \n\t"
+            "fsw          f12, (s3)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s3, s3, 4               \n\t"
+            "fsw          f13, (s4)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s4, s4, 4               \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f10, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f11       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f12, %[FONE], f12       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f13, %[FONE], f13       \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v0, f10            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v20, v4, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f12            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v28, v12, f13           \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v20, v20                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v24, v24                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v28, v28                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m2       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v20, v20, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v24, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v28, v28, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t1, e8, m1          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v20, v20, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v24, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v28, v28, zero          \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v16, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 140             \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v20, (s2)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s2, s2, 140             \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v24, (s3)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s3, s3, 140             \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v28, (s4)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s4, s4, 140             \n\t"
+            "bge          %[K], t3, LOOP_MAIN%=   \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t2, TAIL%=        \n\t"
+            "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, %[K], e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 128             \n\t"
+            "sub          %[K], %[K], t1          \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v0                 \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v18           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v17, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f10,  v17               \n\t"
+
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 4               \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v0, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m2       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v16, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 32              \n\t"
+            "bge          %[K], t2, LOOP_K%=      \n\t"
+            "TAIL%=:                              \n\t"
+            "blez         %[K], END%=             \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, m4         \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v0, v0, v0              \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+            "jal          x0, LOOP_K%=            \n\t"
+            "END%=:                               \n\t"
+            : [K] "+r"(CountK)
+            : [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal), [SRC] "r"(SRC), [DST] "r"(DST)
+            : "cc", "t3", "t2", "t1", "t0", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "f10", "f11", "f12", "f13");
+    } else if (BlkLen == 64) {
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "addi         t3, zero, 64*2          \n\t"
+            "addi         t2, zero, 64            \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, %[SRC], 0           \n\t"
+            "addi         a2, %[SRC], 256         \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, %[DST], 0           \n\t"
+            "addi         s2, %[DST], 68          \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t3, LOOP_K%=      \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t2, TAIL%=        \n\t"
+            "LOOP_MAIN%=:                         \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "addi         %[K], %[K], -128        \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 512             \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v8, (a2)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a2, a2, 512             \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v0                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v24, v8                 \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v20           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v24, v24, v28           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v18           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v24, v24, v26           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v24, v24, v25           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v17, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v25, v24, v25           \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f10,  v17               \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f11,  v25               \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f11, f11, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 4               \n\t"
+            "fsw          f11, (s2)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s2, s2, 4               \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f10, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f11       \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v0, f10            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v24, v24                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m4       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v24, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t1, e8, m2          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v24, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v16, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 132             \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v24, (s2)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s2, s2, 132             \n\t"
+            "bge          %[K], t3, LOOP_MAIN%=   \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t2, TAIL%=        \n\t"
+            "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, %[K], e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 256             \n\t"
+            "sub          %[K], %[K], t1          \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v0                 \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v20           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v18           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v17, v16, v17           \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f10,  v17               \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 4               \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v0, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m4       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m2        \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v16, (s1)               \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 64              \n\t"
+            "bge          %[K], t2, LOOP_K%=      \n\t"
+            "TAIL%=:                              \n\t"
+            "blez         %[K], END%=             \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, m8         \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v0, v0, v0              \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+            "jal          x0, LOOP_K%=            \n\t"
+            "END%=:                               \n\t"
+            : [K] "+r"(CountK)
+            : [SRC] "r"(SRC), [DST] "r"(DST), [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal)
+            : "cc", "t3", "t2", "t1", "t0", "a1", "a2", "s1", "s2", "f10", "f11");
+    } else if (BlkLen == 128) {
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "addi         t2, zero, 128           \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, %[SRC], 0           \n\t"
+            "addi         a2, %[SRC], 256         \n\t"
+            "blt          %[K], t2, TAIL%=        \n\t"
+            "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a1, a1, 512             \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v8, (a2)                \n\t"
+            "addi         a2, a2, 512             \n\t"
+            "sub          %[K], %[K], t2          \n\t"
+            "QUANT%=:                             \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v0                 \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v24, v8                 \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v24, v16, v24           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v28, v24, v28           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v30, v28, v30           \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v30, v30, v31           \n\t"
+            "vfredmax.vs  v31, v30, v31           \n\t"
+            "vfmv.f.s     f10, v31                \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 4       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v0, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f11            \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v24, v24                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m4       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v20, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m4        \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v16, v16, zero          \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v16, (%[DST])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 128     \n\t"
+            "bge          %[K], t2, LOOP_K%=      \n\t"
+            "TAIL%=:                              \n\t"
+            "blez         %[K], END%=             \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v0, v0, v0              \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v8, v8, v8              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, %[K], e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (a1)                \n\t"
+            "sub          %[K], %[K], t0          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, %[K], e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v8, (a2)                \n\t"
+            "sub          %[K], %[K], t0          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "jal          x0, QUANT%=             \n\t"
+            "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+            : [DST] "+r"(DST), [K] "+r"(CountK)
+            : [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal), [SRC] "r"(SRC)
+            : "cc", "t2", "t1", "t0", "a1", "a2", "f10", "f11");
+    } else {
+        float  buffer[8] = { 0.0f };
+        size_t cnt       = BlkLen / 256;
+
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "slli         t3, %[BLK], 2           \n\t"
+            "blt       %[K], %[BLK], LOOP_TAIL%=  \n\t"
+            "LOOP_MAIN%=:                         \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v31, v31, v31           \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v31, (%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "addi         t6, %[CNT], 0           \n\t"
+            "LOOP_CMP%=:                          \n\t"
+            "addi         t6, t6, -1              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v8, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v16, (%[SRC])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v24, (%[SRC])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v0, v0                  \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v8, v8                  \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v24, v24                \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v8, v0, v8              \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v16, v16, v24           \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v0, v0, v16             \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v0, v0, v4              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v0, v0, v2              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v0, v0, v1              \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v30, (%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v31, v30,  v0           \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v31, (%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "bnez         t6, LOOP_CMP%=          \n\t"
+            "sub          %[SRC], %[SRC], t3      \n\t"
+            "addi         t6, %[CNT], 0           \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (%[BUFFER])         \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f10, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10,  (%[DST])          \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 4       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "addi         t6,  %[CNT], 0          \n\t"
+            "LOOP_QUANT%=:                        \n\t"
+            "addi         t6, t6, -1              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v8, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v16, (%[SRC])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v24, (%[SRC])           \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v0, v0, f11             \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v8, v8, f11             \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v16, v16, f11           \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v24, v24, f11           \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v0, v0                  \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v8, v8                  \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v16, v16                \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v24, v24                \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m4       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v0, v0, zero            \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v4, v8, zero            \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v8, v16, zero           \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v12, v24, zero          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m4        \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v0, v0, zero            \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v4, v8, zero            \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v0, (%[DST])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 128     \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v4, (%[DST])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 128     \n\t"
+            "bnez         t6, LOOP_QUANT%=        \n\t"
+            "sub           %[K], %[K], %[BLK]     \n\t"
+            "bge        %[K], %[BLK], LOOP_MAIN%= \n\t"
+            "blez         %[K], END%=             \n\t"
+            "LOOP_TAIL%=:                         \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv      v31, v31, v31           \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v31, (%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "addi         t6, %[K], 0             \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, %[SRC], 0           \n\t"
+            "TAIL_CMP%=:                          \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv       v0, v0, v0             \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t6, e32, m8         \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[SRC], %[SRC], 256     \n\t"
+            "sub          t6, t6, t0              \n\t"
+            "vfabs.v      v0, v0                  \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v0, v0, v4              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v0, v0, v2              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v0, v0, v1              \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v30, (%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "vfmax.vv     v31, v30,  v0           \n\t"
+            "vse32.v      v31, (%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "bnez         t6, TAIL_CMP%=          \n\t"
+            "addi         t6, %[K], 0             \n\t"
+            "flw          f0, (%[BUFFER])         \n\t"
+            "flw          f1, 4(%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "flw          f2, 8(%[BUFFER])        \n\t"
+            "flw          f3, 12(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f4, 16(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f5, 20(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f6, 24(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "flw          f7, 28(%[BUFFER])       \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f1, f0, f1              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f2, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f5, f4, f5              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f6, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f3, f1, f3              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f7, f5, f7              \n\t"
+            "fmax.s       f10, f3, f7             \n\t"
+            "fmul.s       f10, f10, %[RMAXREC]    \n\t"
+            "fsw          f10,  (%[DST])          \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 4       \n\t"
+            "fdiv.s       f11, %[FONE], f10       \n\t"
+            "addi         t6,  %[K], 0            \n\t"
+            "TAIL_QUANT%=:                        \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vxor.vv       v0, v0, v0             \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t1, t6, e32, m8         \n\t"
+            "vle32.v      v0, (s1)                \n\t"
+            "addi         s1, s1, 256             \n\t"
+            "sub          t6, t6, t1              \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m8       \n\t"
+            "vfmul.vf     v0, v0, f11             \n\t"
+            "vfcvt.x.f.v  v0, v0                  \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, m4       \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v0, v0, zero            \n\t"
+            "vsetvli      t0, t1, e8, m2          \n\t"
+            "vnclip.wx    v0, v0, zero            \n\t"
+            "vse8.v       v0, (%[DST])            \n\t"
+            "addi         %[DST], %[DST], 64      \n\t"
+            "bnez         t6, TAIL_QUANT%=        \n\t"
+            "END%=:                               \n\t"
+            : [SRC] "+r"(SRC), [DST] "+r"(DST), [K] "+r"(CountK)
+            : [FONE] "f"(fone), [RMAXREC] "f"(range_max_reciprocal), [BLK] "r"(BlkLen), [BUFFER] "r"(buffer),
+              [CNT] "r"(cnt)
+            : "cc", "t1", "t0", "t6", "s1", "f0", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6");
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace ime1
+
+namespace {
+#define SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4          \
+    "vmadot       v16, v14, v0            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v18, v14, v1            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v20, v14, v2            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v22, v14, v3            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v16, v15, v4            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v18, v15, v5            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v20, v15, v6            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v22, v15, v7            \n\t"
+
+#define SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_1X4X4                 \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v16,  v16               \n\t" \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v18,  v18               \n\t" \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v20,  v20               \n\t" \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v22,  v22               \n\t" \
+    "addi         s2, s1, 16              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s3, s1, 32              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s4, s1, 48              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s6, s5, 12              \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v28, v16, v24           \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v29, v18, v25           \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v30, v20, v26           \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v31, v22, v27           \n\t"
+
+#define SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_F16_1X4X4             \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v16,  v16               \n\t" \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v18,  v18               \n\t" \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v20,  v20               \n\t" \
+    "vfcvt.f.x.v  v22,  v22               \n\t" \
+    "addi         s2, s1, 8               \n\t" \
+    "addi         s3, s1, 16              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s4, s1, 24              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s6, s5, 12              \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v28, v16, v24           \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v29, v18, v25           \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v30, v20, v26           \n\t" \
+    "vfmacc.vv    v31, v22, v27           \n\t"
+
+#define SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4          \
+    "vle8.v       v4, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s1, s1, 128             \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v5, (s2)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s2, s2, 128             \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v6, (s3)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s3, s3, 128             \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v7, (s4)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s4, s4, 128             \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf4       \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v14, (s5)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         s5, s5, 16              \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v15, (s6)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         s6, s6, 16              \n\t" \
+    "addi         t5, t5, -1              \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t" \
+    "vand.vi      v0, v4, 15              \n\t" \
+    "vand.vi      v1, v5, 15              \n\t" \
+    "vand.vi      v2, v6, 15              \n\t" \
+    "vand.vi      v3, v7, 15              \n\t" \
+    "vsrl.vi      v4, v4, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vsrl.vi      v5, v5, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vsrl.vi      v6, v6, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vsrl.vi      v7, v7, 4               \n\t"
+
+#define SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1              \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf2       \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v1, (s7)                \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v8, v1, v13             \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v13, v13, 4             \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v9, v1, v13             \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v13, v13, 4             \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v10, v1, v13            \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v13, v13, 4             \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v11, v1, v13            \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v13, v13, -12           \n\t"
+
+// using for M4Kernel
+#define LOAD_B_16x8x2                           \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v6, (s1)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s1, s1, 32*4            \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v7, (s2)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s2, s2, 32*4            \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v8, (s3)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s3, s3, 32*4            \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v9, (s4)                \n\t" \
+    "addi         s4, s4, 32*4            \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vand.vi      v2, v6, 15              \n\t" \
+    "vand.vi      v3, v7, 15              \n\t" \
+    "vand.vi      v4, v8, 15              \n\t" \
+    "vand.vi      v5, v9, 15              \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vsrl.vi      v6, v6, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vsrl.vi      v7, v7, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vsrl.vi      v8, v8, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vsrl.vi      v9, v9, 4               \n\t"
+
+// [s2|s5, s3, s4, s6]
+#define LOAD_SCALE_4x16_FP16                    \
+    "addi         s2, s5, -8              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s3, s5, 8               \n\t" \
+    "addi         s4, s5, 16              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s6, s5, 24              \n\t" \
+    "li           t1, 0xf0                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.s.x      v0, t1                  \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, mf4      \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v9, (s5)                \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v11, (s3)               \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v13, (s4)               \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v15, (s6)               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, mf2      \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v9, (s2), v0.t          \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v11, (s5), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v13, (s3), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vle16.v      v15, (s4), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v8, v9                  \n\t" \
+    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v10, v11                \n\t" \
+    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v12, v13                \n\t" \
+    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v14, v15                \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v9, v8                  \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v11, v10                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v13, v12                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v15, v14                \n\t" \
+    "li           t1, 0xf0                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.s.x      v0, t1                  \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v8, v8, f1              \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v10, v10, f1            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v12, v12, f1            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v14, v14, f1            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v9, v9, f3              \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v11, v11, f3            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v13, v13, f3            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v15, v15, f3            \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v8, v8, f2, v0.t        \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v10, v10, f2, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v12, v12, f2, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v14, v14, f2, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v9, v9, f4, v0.t        \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v11, v11, f4, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v13, v13, f4, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v15, v15, f4, v0.t      \n\t"
+
+// [s2|s5, s3, s4, s6]
+#define LOAD_SCALE_4x16                         \
+    "addi         s2, s5, -16             \n\t" \
+    "addi         s3, s5, 16              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s4, s5, 32              \n\t" \
+    "addi         s6, s5, 48              \n\t" \
+    "li           t1, 0xf0                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.s.x      v0, t1                  \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v8, (s5)                \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v10, (s3)               \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v12, (s4)               \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v14, (s6)               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v8, (s2), v0.t          \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v10, (s5), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v12, (s3), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v14, (s4), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v9, v8                  \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v11, v10                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v13, v12                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v15, v14                \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v8, v8, f1              \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v10, v10, f1            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v12, v12, f1            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v14, v14, f1            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v9, v9, f3              \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v11, v11, f3            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v13, v13, f3            \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v15, v15, f3            \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v8, v8, f2, v0.t        \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v10, v10, f2, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v12, v12, f2, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v14, v14, f2, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v9, v9, f4, v0.t        \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v11, v11, f4, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v13, v13, f4, v0.t      \n\t" \
+    "vfmul.vf     v15, v15, f4, v0.t      \n\t"
+
+//[s1| BIAS, s2, s3, s4]
+#define LOAD_BIAS                               \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t" \
+    "li           t1, 0xf0                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.s.x      v0, t1                  \n\t" \
+    "addi         s1, %[BIAS], -16        \n\t" \
+    "addi         s2, %[BIAS], 16         \n\t" \
+    "addi         s3, %[BIAS], 32         \n\t" \
+    "addi         s4, %[BIAS], 48         \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vle32.v      v24, (%[BIAS])          \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v26, (s2)               \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v28, (s3)               \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v30, (s4)               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v24, (s1), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v26, (%[BIAS]), v0.t    \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v28, (s2), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vle32.v      v30, (s3), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v25, v24                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v27, v26                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v29, v28                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.v.v      v31, v30                \n\t"
+
+#define SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16              \
+    "vmadot       v16, v10, v2            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v18, v10, v3            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v20, v10, v4            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v22, v10, v5            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v16, v11, v6            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v18, v11, v7            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v20, v11, v8            \n\t" \
+    "vmadot       v22, v11, v9            \n\t"
+
+#define SAVE_RESULT_4x16                        \
+    "addi         a1, %[C], 0             \n\t" \
+    "add          a2, %[C], %[LDC]        \n\t" \
+    "add          a3, a2, %[LDC]          \n\t" \
+    "add          a4, a3, %[LDC]          \n\t" \
+    "addi         a2, a2, -16             \n\t" \
+    "addi         a4, a4, -16             \n\t" \
+    "li           t1, 0xf0                \n\t" \
+    "vmv.s.x      v0, t1                  \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v24, (a1)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         a1, a1, 16              \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v25, (a3)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         a3, a3, 16              \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v26, (a1)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         a1, a1, 16              \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v27, (a3)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         a3, a3, 16              \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v28, (a1)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         a1, a1, 16              \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v29, (a3)               \n\t" \
+    "addi         a3, a3, 16              \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v30, (a1)               \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v31, (a3)               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m1       \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v24, (a2), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "addi         a2, a2, 16              \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v25, (a4), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "addi         a4, a4, 16              \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v26, (a2), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "addi         a2, a2, 16              \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v27, (a4), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "addi         a4, a4, 16              \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v28, (a2), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "addi         a2, a2, 16              \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v29, (a4), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "addi         a4, a4, 16              \n\t" \
+                                                \
+    "vse32.v      v30, (a2), v0.t         \n\t" \
+    "vse32.v      v31, (a4), v0.t         \n\t"
+
+#define SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1_v2           \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf2       \n\t" \
+    "vle8.v       v11, (s6)               \n\t" \
+    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v12, v11, v1            \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v13, v11, v1            \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v14, v11, v1            \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, 4               \n\t" \
+    "vrgather.vv  v15, v11, v1            \n\t" \
+    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, -12             \n\t"
+
+template <bool HasZeroPoint>
+void SQ4BitGemmM4Kernel_CompInt8_ScaleFp16_Impl(size_t            BlkLen,
+                                                const std::byte * QuantA,
+                                                const std::byte * QuantBData,
+                                                const float *     QuantBScale,
+                                                const std::byte * QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                                float *           C,
+                                                size_t            CountN,
+                                                size_t            BlockCountK,
+                                                const float *     Bias,
+                                                const size_t      ldc) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBScale);
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBZeroPoint);
+    size_t       LDC   = ldc * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t INNER = BlkLen / 16;
+    float        tmp[4 * 16];
+
+    if constexpr (HasZeroPoint) {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      NBLKS         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +           //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +       // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(uint8_t) +  // zp
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(_Float16);    // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                CPtr = tmp;
+                LDC  = 16 * sizeof(float);
+            }
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                    __asm__ volatile(
+                        "vsetvli        t0, %[N], e32, m2     \n\t"
+                        "vle32.v        v0, (%[SRC])          \n\t"
+                        "vse32.v        v0, (%[DST])          \n\t"
+                        :
+                        : [SRC] "r"(bias), [DST] "r"(tmp), [N] "r"(NBLKS)
+                        : "cc", "t0");
+                    bias = tmp;
+                }
+                __asm__ volatile(LOAD_BIAS
+
+                                 "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                                 "li                 s1, 24                      \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 3                       \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, s1, e8, m1              \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 2                       \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf2           \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 1                       \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf4           \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 0                       \n\t"
+
+                                 "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+
+                                 "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                                 // scale offset
+                                 "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                                 // zp offset
+                                 "addi               s6, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, s6, 16                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                                 // load a scale
+                                 "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+
+                                 SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1_v2
+
+                                 "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                                 "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v2, v2, v12                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v6, v6, v12                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v3, v3, v13                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v7, v7, v13                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v4, v4, v14                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v8, v8, v14                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v5, v5, v15                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v9, v9, v15                 \n\t"
+
+                                 SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                                 "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_SCALE_4x16_FP16
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                                 "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+
+                                 "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                                 SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                                 :
+                                 : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                                   [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr), [BIAS] "r"(bias)
+                                 : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1",
+                                   "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v24, v24, v24               \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                    "li                 s1, 24                      \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 3                       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, s1, e8, m1              \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 2                       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf2           \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 1                       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf4           \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 0                       \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                    // scale offset
+                    "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                    // zp offset
+                    "addi               s6, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, s6, 16                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                    "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                    // load a scale
+                    "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                    "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1_v2
+
+                    "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                    "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v2, v2, v12                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v6, v6, v12                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v3, v3, v13                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v7, v7, v13                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v4, v4, v14                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v8, v8, v14                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v5, v5, v15                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v9, v9, v15                 \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                    "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_SCALE_4x16_FP16
+
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                    "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+
+                    "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                    SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                    :
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                      [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1", "s2", "s3",
+                      "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      NBLKS         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +         //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +     // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(_Float16);  // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                CPtr = tmp;
+                LDC  = 16 * sizeof(float);
+            }
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                    __asm__ volatile(
+                        "vsetvli        t0, %[N], e32, m2     \n\t"
+                        "vle32.v        v0, (%[SRC])          \n\t"
+                        "vse32.v        v0, (%[DST])          \n\t"
+                        :
+                        : [SRC] "r"(bias), [DST] "r"(tmp), [N] "r"(NBLKS)
+                        : "cc", "t0");
+                    bias = tmp;
+                }
+                __asm__ volatile(LOAD_BIAS
+
+                                 "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+                                 "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, s5, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                                 // load a scale
+                                 "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+                                 "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                                 "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v2, v2, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v3, v3, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v4, v4, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v5, v5, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v6, v6, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v7, v7, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v8, v8, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v9, v9, -8                  \n\t"
+
+                                 SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                                 "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_SCALE_4x16_FP16
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                                 "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+                                 "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                                 SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                                 :
+                                 : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                                   [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr), [BIAS] "r"(bias)
+                                 : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1",
+                                   "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v24, v24, v24               \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, s5, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                    "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                    // load a scale
+                    "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                    "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+                    "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                    "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v2, v2, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v3, v3, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v4, v4, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v5, v5, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v6, v6, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v7, v7, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v8, v8, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v9, v9, -8                  \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                    "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_SCALE_4x16_FP16
+
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                    "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+                    "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                    SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                    :
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                      [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1", "s2", "s3",
+                      "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (CountN % 16 != 0) {
+        // stroe output from tmp to C when NBLKS less than 16.
+        float *      CPtr = C + CountN / 16 * 16;
+        const size_t N    = CountN % 16;
+        LDC               = ldc * sizeof(float);
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "vsetvli            t0, %[N], e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi               s2, %[SRC], 64          \n\t"
+            "addi               s3, %[SRC], 64*2        \n\t"
+            "addi               s4, %[SRC], 64*3        \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v2, (s2)                \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v4, (s3)                \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v6, (s4)                \n\t"
+            "add                t2, %[DST], %[LDC]      \n\t"
+            "add                t3, t2, %[LDC]          \n\t"
+            "add                t4, t3, %[LDC]          \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v0, (%[DST])            \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v2, (t2)                \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v4, (t3)                \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v6, (t4)                \n\t"
+            :
+            : [N] "r"(N), [SRC] "r"(tmp), [DST] "r"(CPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC)
+            : "cc", "t0", "t2", "t3", "t4", "s2", "s3", "s4");
+    }
+}
+
+template <bool HasZeroPoint>
+void SQ4BitGemmM4Kernel_CompInt8_Impl(size_t            BlkLen,
+                                      const std::byte * QuantA,
+                                      const std::byte * QuantBData,
+                                      const float *     QuantBScale,
+                                      const std::byte * QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                      float *           C,
+                                      size_t            CountN,
+                                      size_t            BlockCountK,
+                                      const float *     Bias,
+                                      const size_t      ldc) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBScale);
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBZeroPoint);
+    size_t       LDC   = ldc * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t INNER = BlkLen / 16;
+    float        tmp[4 * 16];
+
+    if constexpr (HasZeroPoint) {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      NBLKS         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +           //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +       // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(uint8_t) +  // zp
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(float);     // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                CPtr = tmp;
+                LDC  = 16 * sizeof(float);
+            }
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                    __asm__ volatile(
+                        "vsetvli        t0, %[N], e32, m2     \n\t"
+                        "vle32.v        v0, (%[SRC])          \n\t"
+                        "vse32.v        v0, (%[DST])          \n\t"
+                        :
+                        : [SRC] "r"(bias), [DST] "r"(tmp), [N] "r"(NBLKS)
+                        : "cc", "t0");
+                    bias = tmp;
+                }
+
+                __asm__ volatile(LOAD_BIAS
+                                 "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                                 "li                 s1, 24                      \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 3                       \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, s1, e8, m1              \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 2                       \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf2           \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 1                       \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf4           \n\t"
+                                 "vmv.v.i            v1, 0                       \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+                                 "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                                 // scale offset
+                                 "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                                 // zp offset
+                                 "addi               s6, s1, 64                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, s6, 16                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                                 // load a scale
+                                 "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+
+                                 SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1_v2
+
+                                 "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                                 "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v2, v2, v12                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v6, v6, v12                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v3, v3, v13                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v7, v7, v13                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v4, v4, v14                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v8, v8, v14                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v5, v5, v15                 \n\t"
+                                 "vsub.vv            v9, v9, v15                 \n\t"
+
+                                 SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                                 "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_SCALE_4x16
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                                 "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+
+                                 "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                                 SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                                 :
+                                 : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                                   [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr), [BIAS] "r"(bias)
+                                 : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1",
+                                   "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v24, v24, v24               \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                    "li                 s1, 24                      \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 3                       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, s1, e8, m1              \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 2                       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf2           \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 1                       \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, mf4           \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i            v1, 0                       \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                    // scale offset
+                    "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                    // zp offset
+                    "addi               s6, s1, 64                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, s6, 16                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                    "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                    // load a scale
+                    // load a scale
+                    "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                    "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1_v2
+
+                    "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                    "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v2, v2, v12                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v6, v6, v12                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v3, v3, v13                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v7, v7, v13                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v4, v4, v14                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v8, v8, v14                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v5, v5, v15                 \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv            v9, v9, v15                 \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                    "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_SCALE_4x16
+
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                    "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+
+                    "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                    SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                    :
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                      [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1", "s2", "s3",
+                      "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      NBLKS         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +        //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +    // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(float);  // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                CPtr = tmp;
+                LDC  = 16 * sizeof(float);
+            }
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                if (NBLKS < 16) {
+                    __asm__ volatile(
+                        "vsetvli        t0, %[N], e32, m2     \n\t"
+                        "vle32.v        v0, (%[SRC])          \n\t"
+                        "vse32.v        v0, (%[DST])          \n\t"
+                        :
+                        : [SRC] "r"(bias), [DST] "r"(tmp), [N] "r"(NBLKS)
+                        : "cc", "t0");
+                    bias = tmp;
+                }
+                __asm__ volatile(LOAD_BIAS
+                                 "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+                                 "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s1, s5, 64                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                                 // load a scale
+                                 "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+                                 "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                                 "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                                 "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v2, v2, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v3, v3, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v4, v4, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v5, v5, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v6, v6, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v7, v7, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v8, v8, -8                  \n\t"
+                                 "vadd.vi            v9, v9, -8                  \n\t"
+
+                                 SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                                 "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                                 LOAD_SCALE_4x16
+
+                                 "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                                 "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                                 "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                                 "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                                 "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+
+                                 "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                                 SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                                 :
+                                 : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                                   [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr), [BIAS] "r"(bias)
+                                 : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1",
+                                   "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v24, v24, v24               \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, %[BlockCountK], 0       \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, %[A], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, %[B], 0                 \n\t"
+                    "BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "addi               s5, s1, 0                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               s1, s5, 64                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s2, s1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               s3, s1, 32*2                \n\t"
+                    "addi               s4, s1, 32*3                \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv            v16, v16, v16               \n\t"
+                    // load a scale
+                    "flw                f1, (a1)                    \n\t"
+                    "flw                f2, 4(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f3, 8(a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "flw                f4, 12(a1)                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 16                  \n\t"
+                    "addi               t2, %[INNER], 0             \n\t"
+                    "BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_B_16x8x2
+
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e8, m1            \n\t"
+                    "vle8.v             v10, (a1)                   \n\t"
+
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vle8.v             v11, (a1)                   \n\t"
+                    "addi               a1, a1, 32                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v2, v2, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v3, v3, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v4, v4, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v5, v5, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v6, v6, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v7, v7, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v8, v8, -8                  \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi            v9, v9, -8                  \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_4x16x16
+
+                    "addi               t2, t2, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t2, BLOCK_INNER_LOOP%=      \n\t"
+
+                    LOAD_SCALE_4x16
+
+                    "vsetvli            t0, zero, e32, m8           \n\t"
+                    "vfcvt.f.x.v        v16, v16                    \n\t"
+                    "vfmacc.vv          v24, v16, v8                \n\t"
+                    "addi               t3, t3, -1                  \n\t"
+                    "bnez               t3, BLOCK_COUNTK_LOOP%=     \n\t"
+
+                    "RESULT_SAVE%=:                                 \n\t"
+
+                    SAVE_RESULT_4x16
+
+                    :
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC),
+                      [BlockCountK] "r"(BlockCountK), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "s1", "s2", "s3",
+                      "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (CountN % 16 != 0) {
+        // stroe output from tmp to C when NBLKS less than 16.
+        float *      CPtr = C + CountN / 16 * 16;
+        const size_t N    = CountN % 16;
+        LDC               = ldc * sizeof(float);
+        __asm__ volatile(
+            "vsetvli            t0, %[N], e32, m2       \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v0, (%[SRC])            \n\t"
+            "addi               s2, %[SRC], 64          \n\t"
+            "addi               s3, %[SRC], 64*2        \n\t"
+            "addi               s4, %[SRC], 64*3        \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v2, (s2)                \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v4, (s3)                \n\t"
+            "vle32.v            v6, (s4)                \n\t"
+            "add                t2, %[DST], %[LDC]      \n\t"
+            "add                t3, t2, %[LDC]          \n\t"
+            "add                t4, t3, %[LDC]          \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v0, (%[DST])            \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v2, (t2)                \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v4, (t3)                \n\t"
+            "vse32.v            v6, (t4)                \n\t"
+            :
+            : [N] "r"(N), [SRC] "r"(tmp), [DST] "r"(CPtr), [LDC] "r"(LDC)
+            : "cc", "t0", "t2", "t3", "t4", "s2", "s3", "s4");
+    }
+}
+
+template <bool HasZeroPoint>
+void SQ4BitGemmM1Kernel_CompInt8_ScaleFp16_Impl(size_t            BlkLen,
+                                                const std::byte * QuantA,
+                                                const std::byte * QuantBData,
+                                                const float *     QuantBScale,
+                                                const std::byte * QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                                float *           C,
+                                                size_t            CountN,
+                                                size_t            BlockCountK,
+                                                const float *     Bias) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBScale);
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBZeroPoint);
+    size_t INNER = BlkLen / 16;
+
+    if constexpr (HasZeroPoint) {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      nblks         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +           //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +       // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(uint8_t) +  // zp
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(_Float16);    // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            size_t  cnt  = BlockCountK;
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "addi         t3, %[NBLKS], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 3                  \n\t"
+                    "li           s1, 24                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, s1, e8, m1          \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 2                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf2       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 1                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf4       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 0                  \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 8             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 24            \n\t"
+                    // zp offset
+                    "addi         s7, %[B], 32            \n\t"
+                    // a offset
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v28, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v29, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v30, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v31, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, mf4      \n\t"
+
+                    "vle16.v      v4, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 48              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v5, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 72              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v6, (s3)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 96              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v7, (s4)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 120             \n\t"
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v8, v4                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v9, v5                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v10, v6                 \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v11, v7                 \n\t"
+
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1
+
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vsub.vv      v0, v0, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v4, v4, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v1, v1, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v5, v5, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v2, v2, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v6, v6, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v3, v3, v11             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v7, v7, v11             \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_F16_1X4X4
+                    "addi         s7, s1, 32              \n\t"
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks), [BIAS] "+r"(bias)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6", "s7");
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v28, v28, v28           \n\t"
+
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 3                  \n\t"
+                    "li           s1, 24                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, s1, e8, m1          \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 2                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf2       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 1                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf4       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 0                  \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 8             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 24            \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         s7, %[B], 32            \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, mf4      \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v4, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 48              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v5, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 72              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v6, (s3)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 96              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v7, (s4)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 120             \n\t"
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v8, v4                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v9, v5                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v10, v6                 \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v11, v7                 \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1
+
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vsub.vv      v0, v0, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v4, v4, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v1, v1, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v5, v5, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v2, v2, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v6, v6, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v3, v3, v11             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v7, v7, v11             \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_F16_1X4X4
+                    "addi         s7, s1, 32              \n\t"
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6", "s7");
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      nblks         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +         //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +     // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(_Float16);  // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            size_t  cnt  = BlockCountK;
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "addi         t3, %[NBLKS], 0         \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 8             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 24            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v28, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v29, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v30, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v31, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, mf4      \n\t"
+
+                    "vle16.v      v4, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 32              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v5, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 56              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v6, (s3)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 80              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v7, (s4)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 104             \n\t"
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v8, v4                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v9, v5                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v10, v6                 \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v11, v7                 \n\t"
+
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vadd.vi      v0, v0, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v2, v2, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v3, v3, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v4, v4, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v5, v5, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v6, v6, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v7, v7, -8              \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_F16_1X4X4
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks), [BIAS] "+r"(bias)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v28, v28, v28           \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 8             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 24            \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e16, mf4      \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v4, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 32              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v5, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 56              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v6, (s3)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 80              \n\t"
+                    "vle16.v      v7, (s4)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 104             \n\t"
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v8, v4                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v9, v5                  \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v10, v6                 \n\t"
+                    "vfwcvt.f.f.v v11, v7                 \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vadd.vi      v0, v0, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v2, v2, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v3, v3, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v4, v4, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v5, v5, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v6, v6, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v7, v7, -8              \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_F16_1X4X4
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <bool HasZeroPoint>
+void SQ4BitGemmM1Kernel_CompInt8_Impl(size_t            BlkLen,
+                                      const std::byte * QuantA,
+                                      const std::byte * QuantBData,
+                                      const float *     QuantBScale,
+                                      const std::byte * QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                      float *           C,
+                                      size_t            CountN,
+                                      size_t            BlockCountK,
+                                      const float *     Bias) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBScale);
+    GGML_UNUSED(QuantBZeroPoint);
+    const size_t INNER = BlkLen / 16;
+    if constexpr (HasZeroPoint) {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      nblks         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +           //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +       // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(uint8_t) +  // zp
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(float);     // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            size_t  cnt  = BlockCountK;
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "addi         t3, %[NBLKS], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 3                  \n\t"
+                    "li           s1, 24                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, s1, e8, m1          \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 2                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf2       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 1                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf4       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 0                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v28, v28, v28           \n\t"
+
+                    // scale offset, scale0.0, scale1.0, scale2.0, scale3.0....scale15.0
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 48            \n\t"
+                    // zp offset
+                    "addi         s7, %[B], 64            \n\t"
+                    // a offset
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v28, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v29, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v30, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v31, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+
+                    // load scale
+                    "vle32.v      v8, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 80              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v9, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 96              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v10, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 112             \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v11, (s4)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 128             \n\t"
+
+                    // load a scale
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+
+                    // a scale * b scale
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1
+
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vsub.vv      v0, v0, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v4, v4, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v1, v1, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v5, v5, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v2, v2, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v6, v6, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v3, v3, v11             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v7, v7, v11             \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_1X4X4
+                    "addi         s7, s1, 64              \n\t"
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks), [BIAS] "+r"(bias)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6", "s7");
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v28, v28, v28           \n\t"
+
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 3                  \n\t"
+                    "li           s1, 24                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, s1, e8, m1          \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 2                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf2       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 1                  \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, mf4       \n\t"
+                    "vmv.v.i      v13, 0                  \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 48            \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         s7, %[B], 64            \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v8, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 80              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v9, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 96              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v10, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 112             \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v11, (s4)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 128             \n\t"
+
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_ZP_16X1
+
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vsub.vv      v0, v0, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v4, v4, v8              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v1, v1, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v5, v5, v9              \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v2, v2, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v6, v6, v10             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v3, v3, v11             \n\t"
+                    "vsub.vv      v7, v7, v11             \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_1X4X4
+                    "addi         s7, s1, 64              \n\t"
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6", "s7");
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < CountN; n += 16) {
+            size_t      nblks         = (CountN - n) > 16 ? 16 : CountN - n;
+            std::byte * QuantBDataPtr = (std::byte *) QuantBData +        //
+                                        n * BlockCountK * BlkLen / 2 +    // b data
+                                        n * BlockCountK * sizeof(float);  // scale
+            float * CPtr = C + n;
+            size_t  cnt  = BlockCountK;
+            if (Bias != nullptr) {
+                const float * bias = Bias + n;
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "addi         t3, %[NBLKS], 0         \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 48            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v28, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v29, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v30, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "sub          t3, t3, t0              \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[BIAS], %[BIAS], 16    \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, t3, e32, mf2        \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v31, (%[BIAS])          \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v8, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 64              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v9, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 80              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v10, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 96              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v11, (s4)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 112             \n\t"
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vadd.vi      v0, v0, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v2, v2, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v3, v3, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v4, v4, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v5, v5, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v6, v6, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v7, v7, -8              \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_1X4X4
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks), [BIAS] "+r"(bias)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            } else {
+                __asm__ volatile(
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, m4       \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v28, v28, v28           \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[B], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[B], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[B], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, %[B], 48            \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         s5, %[A], 0             \n\t"
+                    "addi         s6, %[A], 12            \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_K%=:                            \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v8, (s1)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, s1, 64              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v9, (s2)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, s2, 80              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v10, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, s3, 96              \n\t"
+                    "vle32.v      v11, (s4)               \n\t"
+                    "addi         s4, s4, 112             \n\t"
+                    "flw          f1, (s5)                \n\t"
+                    "addi         s5, s5, 4               \n\t"
+
+                    "addi         t5, %[INNER], 0         \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v16, v16, v16           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v18, v18, v18           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v20, v20, v20           \n\t"
+                    "vxor.vv      v22, v22, v22           \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v24, v8, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v25, v9, f1             \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v26, v10, f1            \n\t"
+                    "vfmul.vf     v27, v11, f1            \n\t"
+                    "addi         %[CNT], %[CNT], -1      \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e8, m1        \n\t"
+                    "LOOP_INNER%=:                        \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_LOAD_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "vadd.vi      v0, v0, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v1, v1, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v2, v2, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v3, v3, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v4, v4, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v5, v5, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v6, v6, -8              \n\t"
+                    "vadd.vi      v7, v7, -8              \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_COMP_1x8x2_4X8X4
+
+                    "bnez         t5, LOOP_INNER%=        \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, zero, e32, mf2      \n\t"
+
+                    SQ4BIT_KERNEL_ACC_1X4X4
+
+                    "bnez         %[CNT], LOOP_K%=        \n\t"
+                    "addi         t3, zero, 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s1, %[C], 16            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s2, %[C], 32            \n\t"
+                    "addi         s3, %[C], 48            \n\t"
+                    "blt          %[NBLKS], t3, ST_TAIL%= \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "jal          x0, END%=               \n\t"
+
+                    "ST_TAIL%=:                           \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v28, (%[C])             \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v29, (s1)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v30, (s2)               \n\t"
+                    "vsetvli      t0, %[NBLKS], e32, mf2  \n\t"
+                    "sub          %[NBLKS], %[NBLKS], t0  \n\t"
+                    "vse32.v      v31, (s3)               \n\t"
+                    "END%=:                               \n\t"
+
+                    : [CNT] "+r"(cnt), [NBLKS] "+r"(nblks)
+                    : [INNER] "r"(INNER), [A] "r"(QuantA), [B] "r"(QuantBDataPtr), [C] "r"(CPtr)
+                    : "cc", "t0", "t5", "t3", "f1", "s1", "s2", "s3", "s4", "s5", "s6");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <bool HasZeroPoint>
+inline void SQ4BitGemmM4Kernel_CompInt8_DispatchOnBlkLen(size_t            BlkLen,
+                                                         const std::byte * QuantA,
+                                                         const std::byte * QuantBData,
+                                                         const float *     QuantBScale,
+                                                         const std::byte * QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                                         float *           C,
+                                                         size_t            CountM,
+                                                         size_t            CountN,
+                                                         size_t            BlockStrideQuantB,
+                                                         const float *     Bias,
+                                                         const size_t      ldc,
+                                                         const size_t      scalestride) {
+    if (scalestride == 4) {
+        SQ4BitGemmM4Kernel_CompInt8_Impl<HasZeroPoint>(BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale, QuantBZeroPoint, C,
+                                                       CountN, BlockStrideQuantB, Bias, ldc);
+
+    } else if (scalestride == 2) {
+        SQ4BitGemmM4Kernel_CompInt8_ScaleFp16_Impl<HasZeroPoint>(
+            BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale, QuantBZeroPoint, C, CountN, BlockStrideQuantB, Bias, ldc);
+    }
+}
+
+template <bool HasZeroPoint>
+inline void SQ4BitGemmM1Kernel_CompInt8_DispatchOnBlkLen(size_t            BlkLen,
+                                                         const std::byte * QuantA,
+                                                         const std::byte * QuantBData,
+                                                         const float *     QuantBScale,
+                                                         const std::byte * QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                                         float *           C,
+                                                         size_t            CountM,
+                                                         size_t            CountN,
+                                                         size_t            BlockStrideQuantB,
+                                                         const float *     Bias,
+                                                         const size_t      ldc,
+                                                         const size_t      scalestride) {
+    if (scalestride == 4) {
+        SQ4BitGemmM1Kernel_CompInt8_Impl<HasZeroPoint>(BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale, QuantBZeroPoint, C,
+                                                       CountN, BlockStrideQuantB, Bias);
+    } else if (scalestride == 2) {
+        SQ4BitGemmM1Kernel_CompInt8_ScaleFp16_Impl<HasZeroPoint>(BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale,
+                                                                 QuantBZeroPoint, C, CountN, BlockStrideQuantB, Bias);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace ime1 {
+size_t gemm_kernel_i8i4(size_t            BlkLen,
+                        const std::byte * QuantA,
+                        const std::byte * QuantBData,
+                        const float *     QuantBScale,
+                        const std::byte * QuantBZeroPoint,
+                        float *           C,
+                        size_t            CountM,
+                        size_t            CountN,
+                        size_t            CountK,
+                        size_t            BlockCountK,
+                        size_t            ldc,
+                        const float *     Bias,
+                        const size_t      ScaleStride) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(CountM);
+    GGML_UNUSED(CountK);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ldc);
+    if (CountM >= 4) {
+        if (QuantBZeroPoint != nullptr) {
+            SQ4BitGemmM4Kernel_CompInt8_DispatchOnBlkLen<true>(BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale, QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                                               C, CountM, CountN, BlockCountK, Bias, ldc, ScaleStride);
+        } else {
+            SQ4BitGemmM4Kernel_CompInt8_DispatchOnBlkLen<false>(BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale,
+                                                                QuantBZeroPoint, C, CountM, CountN, BlockCountK, Bias,
+                                                                ldc, ScaleStride);
+        }
+        return 4;
+    } else {
+        if (QuantBZeroPoint != nullptr) {
+            SQ4BitGemmM1Kernel_CompInt8_DispatchOnBlkLen<true>(BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale, QuantBZeroPoint,
+                                                               C, CountM, CountN, BlockCountK, Bias, ldc, ScaleStride);
+        } else {
+            SQ4BitGemmM1Kernel_CompInt8_DispatchOnBlkLen<false>(BlkLen, QuantA, QuantBData, QuantBScale,
+                                                                QuantBZeroPoint, C, CountM, CountN, BlockCountK, Bias,
+                                                                ldc, ScaleStride);
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+}  // namespace ime1
+}  // namespace sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime_kernels.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime_kernels.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75706341505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/ime_kernels.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime {
+namespace ime1 {
+size_t gemm_kernel_i8i4(size_t            blk_len,
+                        const std::byte * quant_a_ptr,
+                        const std::byte * quant_b_data,
+                        const float *     quant_b_scale,
+                        const std::byte * quant_b_zp,
+                        float *           c_ptr,
+                        size_t            count_m,
+                        size_t            count_n,
+                        size_t            count_k,
+                        size_t            block_count_k,
+                        size_t            ldc,
+                        const float *     bias,
+                        const size_t      scale_stride);
+
+void quantize_a_row_i8(size_t blk_len, const float * a_ptr, size_t count_k, std::byte * quant_a_ptr);
+
+void quantize_a_4row_i8(size_t blk_len, const float * a_ptr, size_t count_k, std::byte * quant_a_ptr);
+
+}  // namespace ime1
+}  // namespace sqnbitgemm_spacemit_ime
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.cpp
index 139fa596414..4f32f10255a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ extra_buffer_type::~extra_buffer_type() {}
 }  // namespace ggml::cpu
 
 bool ggml_cpu_extra_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    for (auto extra : ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type()) {
+    for (auto extra : ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffer_types()) {
         if (extra && extra->context) {
             auto buf_extra     = (ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type *) extra->context;
             auto tensor_traits = buf_extra->get_tensor_traits(op);
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ bool ggml_cpu_extra_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct
 }
 
 bool ggml_cpu_extra_work_size(int n_threads, const struct ggml_tensor * op, size_t * size) {
-    for (auto extra : ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type()) {
+    for (auto extra : ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffer_types()) {
         if (extra && extra->context) {
             auto buf_extra     = (ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type *) extra->context;
             auto tensor_traits = buf_extra->get_tensor_traits(op);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.h
index 99a6186b1d6..f4e0990ddfc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.h
@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ class extra_buffer_type {
 }  // namespace ggml::cpu
 
 // implemented in ggml-cpu.cpp.
-std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> & ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffers_type();
+std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> & ggml_backend_cpu_get_extra_buffer_types();
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.cpp
index 4fce569b3bf..1d8344436f0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ static inline float op_sqrt(float x) {
     return sqrtf(x);
 }
 
+static inline float op_xielu(float x, float alpha_n, float alpha_p, float beta, float eps) {
+    if (x > 0.0f) {
+        return alpha_p * x * x + beta * x;
+    } else {
+        const float min_x_eps = fminf(x, eps);
+        return (expm1f(min_x_eps) - x) * alpha_n + beta * x;
+    }
+}
+
 static inline float op_sin(float x) {
     return sinf(x);
 }
@@ -64,6 +73,30 @@ static inline float op_log(float x) {
     return logf(x);
 }
 
+static inline float op_expm1(float x) {
+    return expf(x) - 1.0f;
+}
+
+static inline float op_softplus(float x) {
+    return (x > 20.0f) ? x : logf(1.0f + expf(x));
+}
+
+static inline float op_floor(float x) {
+    return floorf(x);
+}
+
+static inline float op_ceil(float x) {
+    return ceilf(x);
+}
+
+static inline float op_round(float x) {
+    return roundf(x);
+}
+
+static inline float op_trunc(float x) {
+    return truncf(x);
+}
+
 template <float (*op)(float), typename src0_t, typename dst_t>
 static inline void vec_unary_op(int64_t n, dst_t * y, const src0_t * x) {
     constexpr auto src0_to_f32 = type_conversion_table<src0_t>::to_f32;
@@ -78,7 +111,7 @@ template <float (*op)(float), typename src0_t, typename dst_t>
 static void apply_unary_op(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst) && ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(dst) && ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
@@ -121,6 +154,86 @@ static void unary_op(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     }
 }
 
+template <float (*op)(float, ggml_tensor *)>
+static void unary_op_params(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    /*  */ if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32  && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) { // all f32
+        apply_unary_op<op, float, float>(params, dst);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16  && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) { // all f16
+        apply_unary_op<op, ggml_fp16_t, ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) { // all bf16
+        apply_unary_op<op, ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t>(params, dst);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        apply_unary_op<op, ggml_bf16_t, float>(params, dst);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16  && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        apply_unary_op<op, ggml_fp16_t, float>(params, dst);
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported types: dst: %s, src0: %s\n", __func__,
+            ggml_type_name(dst->type), ggml_type_name(src0->type));
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+}
+
+// Extend vec_unary_op to support functors
+template <typename Op, typename src0_t, typename dst_t>
+static inline void vec_unary_op_functor(int64_t n, dst_t * y, const src0_t * x, Op op) {
+    constexpr auto src0_to_f32 = type_conversion_table<src0_t>::to_f32;
+    constexpr auto f32_to_dst  = type_conversion_table<dst_t >::from_f32;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        y[i] = f32_to_dst(op(src0_to_f32(x[i])));
+    }
+}
+
+// Extend apply_unary_op to support functors
+template <typename Op, typename src0_t, typename dst_t>
+static void apply_unary_op_functor(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst, Op op) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst) && ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT( nb0 == sizeof(dst_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(src0_t));
+
+    const auto [ir0, ir1] = get_thread_range(params, src0);
+
+    for (int64_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const int64_t i03 = ir/(ne02*ne01);
+        const int64_t i02 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01)/ne01;
+        const int64_t i01 = (ir - i03*ne02*ne01 - i02*ne01);
+
+        dst_t        * dst_ptr  = (dst_t  *)       ((char *)       dst->data  + i03*nb3  + i02*nb2  + i01*nb1 );
+        const src0_t * src0_ptr = (const src0_t *) ((const char *) src0->data + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01);
+
+        vec_unary_op_functor(ne0, dst_ptr, src0_ptr, op);
+    }
+}
+
+// Generic dispatcher for functors
+template <typename Op>
+static void unary_op_functor(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst, Op op) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    /*  */ if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32  && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) { // all f32
+        apply_unary_op_functor<Op, float, float>(params, dst, op);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16  && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) { // all f16
+        apply_unary_op_functor<Op, ggml_fp16_t, ggml_fp16_t>(params, dst, op);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) { // all bf16
+        apply_unary_op_functor<Op, ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t>(params, dst, op);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        apply_unary_op_functor<Op, ggml_bf16_t, float>(params, dst, op);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16  && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        apply_unary_op_functor<Op, ggml_fp16_t, float>(params, dst, op);
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported types: dst: %s, src0: %s\n", __func__,
+            ggml_type_name(dst->type), ggml_type_name(src0->type));
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+}
+
 void ggml_compute_forward_abs(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     unary_op<op_abs>(params, dst);
 }
@@ -184,3 +297,41 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_cos(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor *
 void ggml_compute_forward_log(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     unary_op<op_log>(params, dst);
 }
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_expm1(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_expm1>(params, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_softplus(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_softplus>(params, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_floor(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_floor>(params, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_ceil(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_ceil>(params, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_round(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_round>(params, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_trunc(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_trunc>(params, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_xielu(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const float alpha_n = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 1);
+    const float alpha_p = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2);
+    const float beta = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 3);
+    const float eps = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 4);
+
+    const auto xielu_op_params = [alpha_n, alpha_p, beta, eps](float f) {
+        return op_xielu(f, alpha_n, alpha_p, beta, eps);
+    };
+
+    unary_op_functor(params, dst, xielu_op_params);
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.h
index b1ade2c8e34..bcad5a3af1a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.h
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_sqrt(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct
 void ggml_compute_forward_sin(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_cos(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_log(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_expm1(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_softplus(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_floor(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_ceil(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_round(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_trunc(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_xielu(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.cpp
index f7614568ea3..d0e4001338a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.cpp
@@ -37,35 +37,35 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f32(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const float * G
         for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f32_step) {
             ax1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i);
             ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i);
-            sum1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax1, ay1, sum1);
+            sum1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum1, ax1, ay1);
 
             ax2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 1*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1*ggml_f32_epr);
-            sum2 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax2, ay2, sum2);
+            sum2 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum2, ax2, ay2);
 
             ax3 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 2*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay3 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2*ggml_f32_epr);
-            sum3 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax3, ay3, sum3);
+            sum3 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum3, ax3, ay3);
 
             ax4 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 3*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay4 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3*ggml_f32_epr);
-            sum4 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax4, ay4, sum4);
+            sum4 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum4, ax4, ay4);
 
             ax5 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 4*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay5 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4*ggml_f32_epr);
-            sum5 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax5, ay5, sum5);
+            sum5 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum5, ax5, ay5);
 
             ax6 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 5*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay6 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5*ggml_f32_epr);
-            sum6 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax6, ay6, sum6);
+            sum6 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum6, ax6, ay6);
 
             ax7 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 6*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay7 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6*ggml_f32_epr);
-            sum7 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax7, ay7, sum7);
+            sum7 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum7, ax7, ay7);
 
             ax8 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 7*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay8 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7*ggml_f32_epr);
-            sum8 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax8, ay8, sum8);
+            sum8 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum8, ax8, ay8);
         }
         // leftovers
         // Since 8 unrolls are done in above loop, leftovers lie in range [0, ggml_f32_step] which is handled in below loop
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f32(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const float * G
         for (int i = np; i < np2; i += ggml_f32_epr) {
             ax1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i);
             ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i);
-            sum1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax1, ay1, sum1);
+            sum1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(sum1, ax1, ay1);
         }
         // maximum number of leftover elements will be less that ggml_f32_epr. Apply predicated svmad on available elements only
         if (np2 < n) {
@@ -84,6 +84,22 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f32(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const float * G
         }
         // reduce sum1,sum2 to sum1
         GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        int vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8();
+        vfloat32m1_t vs = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1);
+        vfloat32m8_t vsum;
+        vfloat32m8_t ax;
+        vfloat32m8_t ay;
+        vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8_tu(vsum, 0.0f, vl);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i += vl) {
+            vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8_tu(ax, &x[i], vl);
+            ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8_tu(ay, &y[i], vl);
+            vsum = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m8_tu(vsum, ax, ay, vl);
+        }
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8();
+        vs = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m8_f32m1(vsum, vs, vl);
+        sumf += __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vs);
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -179,6 +195,63 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_bf16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_bf16_t *
     sumf += (ggml_float)_mm_cvtss_f32(g);
 
 #undef LOAD
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic) && defined(__riscv_zvfbfwma)
+    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4();
+
+    // initialize accumulators to all zeroes
+    vfloat32m4_t vsum0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.0f, vl);
+    vfloat32m4_t vsum1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.0f, vl);
+
+    // calculate step size
+    const size_t epr = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2();
+    const size_t step = epr * 2;
+    const int np = (n & ~(step - 1));
+
+    // unroll by 2
+    for (; i < np; i += step) {
+        vbfloat16m2_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16 *)&x[i], epr);
+        vbfloat16m2_t ay0 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16 *)&y[i], epr);
+        vsum0 = __riscv_vfwmaccbf16_vv_f32m4(vsum0, ax0, ay0, epr);
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("" ::: "memory");
+
+        vbfloat16m2_t ax1 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16 *)&x[i + epr], epr);
+        vbfloat16m2_t ay1 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16 *)&y[i + epr], epr);
+        vsum1 = __riscv_vfwmaccbf16_vv_f32m4(vsum1, ax1, ay1, epr);
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("" ::: "memory");
+    }
+
+    // accumulate in 1 register
+    vsum0 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m4(vsum0, vsum1, vl);
+
+    // leftovers
+    for (i = np; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(n - i);
+        vbfloat16m2_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16 *)&x[i], vl);
+        vbfloat16m2_t ay0 = __riscv_vle16_v_bf16m2((const __bf16 *)&y[i], vl);
+        vsum0 = __riscv_vfwmaccbf16_vv_f32m4(vsum0, ax0, ay0, vl);
+    }
+
+    // reduce
+    vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4();
+    vfloat32m1_t redsum = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m4_f32m1(vsum0, __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1), vl);
+    sumf += __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(redsum);
+
+#elif defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__) || defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_BF16_STEP - 1));
+    if (np > 0) {
+        GGML_F32_VEC sum[4] = {GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO};
+        for (; i < np; i += GGML_BF16_STEP) {
+            GGML_BF16_VEC vx0 = GGML_BF16_VEC_LOAD(x + i);
+            GGML_BF16_VEC vx1 = GGML_BF16_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 8);
+            GGML_BF16_VEC vy0 = GGML_BF16_VEC_LOAD(y + i);
+            GGML_BF16_VEC vy1 = GGML_BF16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 8);
+            GGML_BF16_FMA_LO(sum[0], vx0, vy0);
+            GGML_BF16_FMA_HI(sum[1], vx0, vy0);
+            GGML_BF16_FMA_LO(sum[2], vx1, vy1);
+            GGML_BF16_FMA_HI(sum[3], vx1, vy1);
+        }
+        GGML_F32x4_REDUCE_4(sumf, sum[0], sum[1], sum[2], sum[3]);
+    }
 #endif
 
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -197,35 +270,125 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_fp16_t * G
 
     ggml_float sumf = 0.0;
 
+
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+        const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8; //get vector length
+        const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16; // running when 16
+        const int ggml_f16_step = 8 * ggml_f16_epr; // choose 8 SVE registers
+
+        const int np= (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
+        svfloat16_t sum1 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum2 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum3 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum4 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+
+        svfloat16_t ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5, ax6, ax7, ax8;
+        svfloat16_t ay1, ay2, ay3, ay4, ay5, ay6, ay7, ay8;
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+            sum1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum1, ax1, ay1);
+
+            ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            sum2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum2, ax2, ay2);
+
+            ax3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            sum3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum3, ax3, ay3);
+
+            ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            sum4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum4, ax4, ay4);
+
+            ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            sum1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum1, ax5, ay5);
+
+            ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            sum2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum2, ax6, ay6);
+
+            ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            sum3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum3, ax7, ay7);
+
+            ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            sum4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum4, ax8, ay8);
+        }
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_F16_ARR] = { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO };
+        const int np2 = (n & ~(ggml_f16_epr - 1)); // round down to multiple of 8
+        for (int k = np; k < np2; k += ggml_f16_epr) {
+            svfloat16_t rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + k, 0);
+            svfloat16_t ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + k, 0);
+            sum1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum1, rx, ry);
+        }
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
-    GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        if (np2 < n) {
+            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np2, n);
+            svfloat16_t hx = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x + np2));
+            svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(y + np2));
+
+            sum1 = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx, hy, sum1);
+        }
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        #if defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+            int vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2();
+            vfloat32m1_t vs = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1);
+            vfloat32m2_t vsum;
+            vfloat16m1_t ax;
+            vfloat16m1_t ay;
+            vsum = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m2(0, vl));
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; i += vl) {
+                vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m1(n - i);
+                ax = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1_tu(ax, (const _Float16 *)&x[i], vl);
+                ay = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1_tu(ay, (const _Float16 *)&y[i], vl);
+                vsum = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m2_tu(vsum, ax, ay, vl);
+            }
+            vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1();
+            vfloat32m1_t ac0 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(__riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(vsum, 0), __riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(vsum, 1), vl);
+            vs = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(ac0, vs, vl);
+            sumf += __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vs);
+        #else
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+            }
+        #endif // __riscv_zvfh
+    #else
+        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
-            ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+        GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_F16_ARR] = { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO };
 
-            sum[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+        GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
+                ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+
+                sum[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+            }
         }
-    }
 
-    // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
-    GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum);
+        // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
+        GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum);
 
-    // leftovers
-    for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
-    }
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+            sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        }
+        // if you hit this, you are likely running outside the FP range
+        assert(!isnan(sumf) && !isinf(sumf));
+    #endif
 #else
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
     }
-#endif
+#endif // GGML_SIMD
 
     *s = sumf;
 }
@@ -244,16 +407,143 @@ void ggml_vec_silu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x) {
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, ggml_v_silu(_mm_loadu_ps(x + i)));
     }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    const int vlen = svcntw();
+    for (; i < n; i += vlen) {
+        const svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32_s32(i, n);
+        svst1_f32(pg, y + i, ggml_v_silu(pg, svld1_f32(pg, x + i)));
+    }
 #elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         vst1q_f32(y + i, ggml_v_silu(vld1q_f32(x + i)));
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t vx = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m2_t vy = ggml_v_silu_m2(vx, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], vy, vl);
+    }
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
         y[i] = ggml_silu_f32(x[i]);
     }
 }
 
+void ggml_vec_swiglu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g) {
+    int i = 0;
+#if defined(__AVX512F__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
+    for (; i + 15 < n; i += 16) {
+        _mm512_storeu_ps(y + i, _mm512_mul_ps(ggml_v_silu(_mm512_loadu_ps(x + i)), _mm512_loadu_ps(g + i)));
+    }
+#elif defined(__AVX2__) && defined(__FMA__)
+    for (; i + 7 < n; i += 8) {
+        _mm256_storeu_ps(y + i, _mm256_mul_ps(ggml_v_silu(_mm256_loadu_ps(x + i)), _mm256_loadu_ps(g + i)));
+    }
+#elif defined(__SSE2__)
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
+        _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, _mm_mul_ps(ggml_v_silu(_mm_loadu_ps(x + i)), _mm_loadu_ps(g + i)));
+    }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    const int vlen = svcntw();
+    for (; i < n; i += vlen) {
+        const svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32_s32(i, n);
+        svst1_f32(pg, y + i, svmul_f32_x(pg, ggml_v_silu(pg, svld1_f32(pg, x + i)), svld1_f32(pg, g + i)));
+    }
+#elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
+        vst1q_f32(y + i, vmulq_f32(ggml_v_silu(vld1q_f32(x + i)), vld1q_f32(g + i)));
+    }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t vx = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m2_t vg = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&g[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m2_t vy = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(ggml_v_silu_m2(vx, vl), vg, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], vy, vl);
+    }
+#endif
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = ggml_silu_f32(x[i]) * g[i];
+    }
+}
+
+ggml_float ggml_vec_cvar_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float mean) {
+    int i = 0;
+    ggml_float sum = 0;
+// TODO: optimize to process the remaining elements in groups using the smaller vector sizes from AVX2 and SSE
+// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15953#pullrequestreview-3310928344
+#if defined(__AVX512F__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
+    for (; i + 15 < n; i += 16) {
+        __m512 val = _mm512_sub_ps(_mm512_loadu_ps(x + i),
+                                   _mm512_set1_ps(mean));
+        _mm512_storeu_ps(y + i, val);
+        sum += (ggml_float)_mm512_reduce_add_ps(_mm512_mul_ps(val, val));
+    }
+#elif defined(__AVX2__) && defined(__FMA__)
+    for (; i + 7 < n; i += 8) {
+        __m256 val = _mm256_sub_ps(_mm256_loadu_ps(x + i),
+                                   _mm256_set1_ps(mean));
+        _mm256_storeu_ps(y + i, val);
+        val = _mm256_mul_ps(val,val);
+        __m128 val2 = _mm_add_ps(_mm256_extractf128_ps(val, 1),
+                                 _mm256_castps256_ps128(val));
+        val2 = _mm_add_ps(val2, _mm_movehl_ps(val2, val2));
+        val2 = _mm_add_ss(val2, _mm_movehdup_ps(val2));
+        sum += (ggml_float)_mm_cvtss_f32(val2);
+    }
+#elif defined(__SSE2__)
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
+        __m128 val = _mm_sub_ps(_mm_loadu_ps(x + i),
+                                _mm_set1_ps(mean));
+        _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, val);
+        val = _mm_mul_ps(val, val);
+#if defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
+        val = _mm_add_ps(val, _mm_movehl_ps(val, val));
+        val = _mm_add_ss(val, _mm_movehdup_ps(val));
+#else
+        __m128 tmp = _mm_shuffle_ps(val, val, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 3, 0, 1));
+        val = _mm_add_ps(val, tmp);
+        tmp = _mm_movehl_ps(tmp, val);
+        val = _mm_add_ss(val, tmp);
+#endif  // __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__
+        sum += (ggml_float)_mm_cvtss_f32(val);
+    }
+#elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
+        float32x4_t val = vsubq_f32(vld1q_f32(x + i),
+                                    vdupq_n_f32(mean));
+        vst1q_f32(y + i, val);
+        val = vmulq_f32(val, val);
+        sum += (ggml_float)vaddvq_f32(val);
+    }
+#elif defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+    for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
+        float32x4_t val = vec_sub(vec_xl(0, x + i), vec_splats(mean));
+        vec_xst(val, 0, y + i);
+        val = vec_mul(val, val);
+        sum += (ggml_float)vec_hsum_f32x4(val);
+    }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    vfloat64m1_t vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f64m1(0, 1);
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t val = __riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl), mean, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], val, vl);
+        val = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(val, val, vl);
+        vsum = __riscv_vfwredusum_vs_f32m2_f64m1(val, vsum, vl);
+    }
+    sum = (ggml_float)__riscv_vfmv_f_s_f64m1_f64(vsum);
+#endif
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        float val = x[i] - mean;
+        y[i] = val;
+        val *= val;
+        sum += (ggml_float)val;
+    }
+    return sum/n;
+}
+
 ggml_float ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float max) {
     int i = 0;
     ggml_float sum = 0;
@@ -291,6 +581,15 @@ ggml_float ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float
 #endif
         sum += (ggml_float)_mm_cvtss_f32(val);
     }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    const int vlen = svcntw();
+    for (; i < n; i += vlen) {
+        const svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32_s32(i, n);
+        svfloat32_t val = ggml_v_expf(pg, svsub_f32_x(pg, svld1_f32(pg, x + i),
+                                                svdup_n_f32_x(pg, max)));
+        svst1_f32(pg, y + i, val);
+        sum += (ggml_float)svaddv_f32(pg, val);
+    }
 #elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         float32x4_t val = ggml_v_expf(vsubq_f32(vld1q_f32(x + i),
@@ -298,6 +597,15 @@ ggml_float ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float
         vst1q_f32(y + i, val);
         sum += (ggml_float)vaddvq_f32(val);
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    vfloat64m1_t vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f64m1(0, 1);
+    for (int avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+        avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t val = ggml_v_expf_m2(__riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], avl), max, avl), avl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], val, avl);
+        vsum = __riscv_vfwredusum_vs_f32m2_f64m1(val, vsum, avl);
+    }
+    return (ggml_float)__riscv_vfmv_f_s_f64m1_f64(vsum);
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
         float val = expf(x[i] - max);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.h
index 09dbade2179..3198b33b509 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_bf16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_bf16_t *
 void ggml_vec_dot_f16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT x, size_t bx, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y, size_t by, int nrc);
 
 void ggml_vec_silu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x);
+ggml_float ggml_vec_cvar_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float mean); //it will also center y ( y = y - mean )
 ggml_float ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float max);
 ggml_float ggml_vec_log_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float max);
 
@@ -55,10 +56,25 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_cpy_i32(const int n, int32_t * y, const int32_t * x)
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_set_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t v) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) x[i] = v; }
 inline static void ggml_vec_set_bf16(const int n, ggml_bf16_t * x, const ggml_bf16_t v) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) x[i] = v; }
-inline static void ggml_vec_add_f32 (const int n, float * z, const float * x, const float * y) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) z[i]  = x[i] + y[i]; }
+
+inline static void ggml_vec_add_f32 (const int n, float * z, const float * x, const float * y) {
+    int i = 0;
+#if defined(__AVX2__)
+    for (; i + 7 < n; i += 8) {
+        __m256 vx = _mm256_loadu_ps(x + i);
+        __m256 vy = _mm256_loadu_ps(y + i);
+        __m256 vz = _mm256_add_ps(vx, vy);
+        _mm256_storeu_ps(z + i, vz);
+    }
+#endif
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        z[i] = x[i] + y[i];
+    }
+}
+
 inline static void ggml_vec_add_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * z, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * y) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        z[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        z[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_add1_f32(const int n, float * z, const float * x, const float   v) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) z[i]  = x[i] + v;    }
@@ -67,7 +83,7 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_acc1_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v)
 inline static void ggml_vec_sub_f32 (const int n, float * z, const float * x, const float * y) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) z[i]  = x[i] - y[i]; }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sub_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * z, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * y) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        z[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) - GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        z[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) - GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_set_f32 (const int n, float * x, const float   v)                  { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) x[i]  = v;           }
@@ -75,20 +91,20 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_cpy_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x)
 inline static void ggml_vec_neg_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x)                  { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i]  = -x[i];       }
 inline static void ggml_vec_neg_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(-GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(-GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]));
     }
 }
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_mul_f32 (const int n, float * z, const float * x, const float * y) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) z[i]  = x[i]*y[i];   }
 inline static void ggml_vec_mul_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * z, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * y) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        z[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        z[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_div_f32 (const int n, float * z, const float * x, const float * y) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) z[i]  = x[i]/y[i];   }
 inline static void ggml_vec_div_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * z, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * y) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        z[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) / GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        z[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) / GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,40 +120,211 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_dot_f16_unroll(const int n, const int xs, float * GG
     }
 
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL][GGML_F16_ARR] = { { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO } };
+        const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
+        const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16; // running when 16
+        const int ggml_f16_step = 8 * ggml_f16_epr; // choose 8 SVE registers
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
-    GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        const int np = (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+        svfloat16_t sum_00 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_01 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_02 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_03 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+
+        svfloat16_t sum_10 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_11 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_12 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_13 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+
+        svfloat16_t ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5, ax6, ax7, ax8;
+        svfloat16_t ay1, ay2, ay3, ay4, ay5, ay6, ay7, ay8;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0); // 8 elements
+
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0); // 8 elements
+            sum_00 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_00, ax1, ay1);     // sum_00 = sum_00+ax1*ay1
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0); // 8 elements
+            sum_10 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_10, ax1, ay1);
+
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1); // next 8 elements
+
+            ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1); // next 8 elements
+            sum_01 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_01, ax2, ay2);
+            ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            sum_11 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_11, ax2, ay2);
+
+            ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+
+            ax3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 2*ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            sum_02 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_02, ax3, ay3);
+            ax3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 2*ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            sum_12 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_12, ax3, ay3);
+
+            ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+
+            ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 3*ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            sum_03 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_03, ax4, ay4);
+            ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 3*ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            sum_13 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_13, ax4, ay4);
+
+            ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+
+            ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 4*ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+
+            sum_00 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_00, ax5, ay5);
+            ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 4*ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            sum_10 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_10, ax5, ay5);
+
+            ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+
+            ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 5*ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+
+            sum_01 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_01, ax6, ay6);
+            ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 5*ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            sum_11 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_11, ax6, ay6);
 
-            for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
-                ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x[k] + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+            ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
 
-                sum[k][j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[k][j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+            ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 6*ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+
+            sum_02 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_02, ax7, ay7);
+            ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 6*ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            sum_12 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_12, ax7, ay7);
+
+            ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+
+            ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 7*ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+
+            sum_03 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_03, ax8, ay8);
+            ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 7*ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            sum_13 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_13, ax8, ay8);
+        }
+
+        const int np2 = (n & ~(ggml_f16_epr - 1));
+        for (int k = np; k < np2; k += ggml_f16_epr) {
+            svfloat16_t ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + k, 0);
+
+            svfloat16_t rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + k, 0);
+            sum_00 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_00, rx, ry);
+            rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + k, 0);
+            sum_10 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_10, rx, ry);
+        }
+
+        if (np2 < n) {
+            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np2, n);
+            svfloat16_t hx_0 = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x[0] + np2));
+            svfloat16_t hx_1 = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x[1] + np2));
+            svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(y + np2));
+
+            sum_00 = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx_0, hy, sum_00);
+            sum_10 = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx_1, hy, sum_10);
+        }
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[0], sum_00, sum_01, sum_02, sum_03);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[1], sum_10, sum_11, sum_12, sum_13);
+
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic) && defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+        size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m4();
+
+        // initialize accumulators to all zeroes
+        vfloat32m4_t vsum0_0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.0f, vl);
+        vfloat32m4_t vsum0_1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.0f, vl);
+        vfloat32m4_t vsum1_0 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.0f, vl);
+        vfloat32m4_t vsum1_1 = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m4(0.0f, vl);
+
+        // calculate step size
+        const size_t epr = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2();
+        const size_t step = epr * 2;
+        const int np = (n & ~(step - 1));
+
+        // unroll by 2 along the row dimension
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += step) {
+            vfloat16m2_t ay0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(y + i), epr);
+            vfloat16m2_t ax0_0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(x[0] + i), epr);
+            vfloat16m2_t ax1_0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(x[1] + i), epr);
+            vsum0_0 = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m4(vsum0_0, ax0_0, ay0, epr);
+            vsum1_0 = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m4(vsum1_0, ax1_0, ay0, epr);
+
+            vfloat16m2_t ay1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(y + i + epr), epr);
+            vfloat16m2_t ax0_1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(x[0] + i + epr), epr);
+            vfloat16m2_t ax1_1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(x[1] + i + epr), epr);
+            vsum0_1 = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m4(vsum0_1, ax0_1, ay1, epr);
+            vsum1_1 = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m4(vsum1_1, ax1_1, ay1, epr);
+        }
+
+        vfloat32m4_t vsum0 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m4(vsum0_0, vsum0_1, vl);
+        vfloat32m4_t vsum1 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m4(vsum1_0, vsum1_1, vl);
+
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; i += vl) {
+            vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(n - i);
+            vfloat16m2_t ay = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(y + i), vl);
+            vfloat16m2_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(x[0] + i), vl);
+            vfloat16m2_t ax1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((const _Float16 *)(x[1] + i), vl);
+
+            vsum0 = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m4(vsum0, ax0, ay, vl);
+            vsum1 = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m4(vsum1, ax1, ay, vl);
+        }
+
+        // reduce
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2();
+        vfloat32m2_t acc0_0 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m2(vsum0, 0),
+                                    __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m2(vsum0, 1), vl);
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1();
+        vfloat32m1_t acc0_1 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(__riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(acc0_0, 0),
+        __riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(acc0_0, 1), vl);
+        vfloat32m1_t redsum0 = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(
+                                    acc0_1, __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1), vl);
+
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2();
+        vfloat32m2_t acc1_0 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m2(vsum1, 0),
+                                    __riscv_vget_v_f32m4_f32m2(vsum1, 1), vl);
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1();
+        vfloat32m1_t acc1_1 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(__riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(acc1_0, 0),
+                                    __riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(acc1_0, 1), vl);
+        vfloat32m1_t redsum1 = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(
+                                    acc1_1, __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1), vl);
+        sumf[0] = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(redsum0);
+        sumf[1] = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(redsum1);
+
+    #else
+        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL][GGML_F16_ARR] = { { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO } };
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+
+                for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
+                    ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x[k] + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+
+                    sum[k][j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[k][j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+                }
             }
         }
-    }
 
-    // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
-    for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
-        GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[k], sum[k]);
-    }
+        // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
+        for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
+            GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[k], sum[k]);
+        }
 
-    // leftovers
-    for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
-            sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
+                sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+            }
         }
-    }
+    #endif
 #else
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
-            sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+            sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
         }
     }
 #endif
@@ -163,49 +350,49 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
 
             ax1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i);
             ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i);
-            ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax1, vx, ay1);
+            ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay1, ax1, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i, ay1);
 
             ax2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 1*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1*ggml_f32_epr);
-            ay2 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax2, vx, ay2);
+            ay2 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay2, ax2, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + 1*ggml_f32_epr, ay2);
 
             ax3 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 2*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay3 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2*ggml_f32_epr);
-            ay3 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax3, vx, ay3);
+            ay3 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay3, ax3, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + 2*ggml_f32_epr, ay3);
 
             ax4 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 3*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay4 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3*ggml_f32_epr);
-            ay4 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax4, vx, ay4);
+            ay4 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay4, ax4, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + 3*ggml_f32_epr, ay4);
 
             ax5 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 4*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay5 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4*ggml_f32_epr);
-            ay5 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax5, vx, ay5);
+            ay5 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay5, ax5, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + 4*ggml_f32_epr, ay5);
 
             ax6 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 5*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay6 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5*ggml_f32_epr);
-            ay6 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax6, vx, ay6);
+            ay6 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay6, ax6, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + 5*ggml_f32_epr, ay6);
 
             ax7 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 6*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay7 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6*ggml_f32_epr);
-            ay7 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax7, vx, ay7);
+            ay7 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay7, ax7, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + 6*ggml_f32_epr, ay7);
 
             ax8 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 7*ggml_f32_epr);
             ay8 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7*ggml_f32_epr);
-            ay8 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax8, vx, ay8);
+            ay8 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay8, ax8, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + 7*ggml_f32_epr, ay8);
         }
@@ -215,7 +402,7 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
         for (int i = np; i < np2; i += ggml_f32_epr) {
             ax1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i);
             ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(y + i);
-            ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ax1, vx, ay1);
+            ay1 = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(ay1, ax1, vx);
 
             GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i, ay1);
         }
@@ -228,6 +415,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
 
             svst1_f32(pg, y + np2, ay1);
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, v, ay, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -260,7 +455,118 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
 }
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y, const ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT x, const float v) {
-#if defined(GGML_SIMD)
+#if defined(GGML_SIMD) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+    const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
+    const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16;
+    const int ggml_f16_step = 8 * ggml_f16_epr;
+
+    GGML_F16x_VEC vx = GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1(v);
+
+    int np = (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
+
+    svfloat16_t ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5, ax6, ax7, ax8;
+    svfloat16_t ay1, ay2, ay3, ay4, ay5, ay6, ay7, ay8;
+    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+        ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+        ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+        ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay1, ax1, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, ay1, 0);
+
+        ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+        ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+        ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay2, ax2, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, ay2, 1);
+
+        ax3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+        ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+        ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay3, ax3, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, ay3, 2);
+
+        ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+        ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+        ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay4, ax4, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, ay4, 3);
+
+        ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+        ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+        ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay5, ax5, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, ay5, 4);
+
+        ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+        ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+        ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay6, ax6, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, ay6, 5);
+
+        ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+        ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+        ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay7, ax7, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, ay7, 6);
+
+        ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+        ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+        ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay8, ax8, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, ay8, 7);
+    }
+    const int np2 = (n & ~(ggml_f16_epr - 1));
+    for (int k = np; k < np2; k += ggml_f16_epr) {
+        svfloat16_t rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + k, 0);
+        svfloat16_t ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + k, 0);
+        ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ry, rx, vx);
+
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + k, ry, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (np2 < n) {
+        svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np2, n);
+        svfloat16_t hx = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x + np2));
+        svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(y + np2));
+        hy = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx, vx, hy);
+        svst1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np2), hy);
+    }
+    np = n;
+#elif defined(__riscv_zvfh) // implies __riscv_v_intrinsic
+    const ggml_fp16_t s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(v);
+    const _Float16 scale = *(const _Float16*)(&s);
+
+    // calculate step size
+    const int epr = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m4();
+    const int step = epr * 2;
+    int np = (n & ~(step - 1));
+
+    // unroll by 2
+    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += step) {
+        vfloat16m4_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)x + i, epr);
+        vfloat16m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)y + i, epr);
+        ay0 = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f16m4(ay0, scale, ax0, epr);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m4((_Float16*)y + i, ay0, epr);
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("" ::: "memory");
+
+        vfloat16m4_t ax1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)x + i + epr, epr);
+        vfloat16m4_t ay1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)y + i + epr, epr);
+        ay1 = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f16m4(ay1, scale, ax1, epr);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m4((_Float16*)y + i + epr, ay1, epr);
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("" ::: "memory");
+    }
+
+    // leftovers
+    int vl;
+    for (int i = np; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m4(n - i);
+        vfloat16m4_t ax0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)x + i, vl);
+        vfloat16m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)y + i, vl);
+        ay0 = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f16m4(ay0, scale, ax0, vl);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m4((_Float16*)y + i, ay0, vl);
+    }
+    np = n;
+#elif defined(GGML_SIMD)
     const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
     GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
@@ -277,17 +583,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y,
             GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, ay, j);
         }
     }
+#else
+    const int np = 0;
+#endif
 
     // leftovers
     for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
-    }
-#else
-    // scalar
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
     }
-#endif
 }
 
 // xs and vs are byte strides of x and v
@@ -309,6 +612,16 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32_unroll(const int n, const int xs, const int
                 y[i] += x[k][i]*v[k][0];
             }
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_MAD_UNROLL; k++) {
+                vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[k][i], avl);
+                ay = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, v[k][0], ay, avl);
+            }
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ay, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -351,6 +664,53 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32_unroll(const int n, const int xs, const int
 #endif
 }
 
+inline static void ggml_vec_mad1_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float s, const float b) {
+#if defined(GGML_USE_ACCELERATE)
+    vDSP_vsmsa(x, 1, &s, &b, y, 1, n);
+#elif defined(GGML_SIMD)
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+        // scalar ; TODO: Write SVE code
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            y[i] = x[i]*s + b;
+        }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t vb = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8(b, avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, s, vb, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
+    #else
+        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
+
+        GGML_F32_VEC vs = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(s);
+        GGML_F32_VEC vb = GGML_F32_VEC_SET1(b);
+
+        GGML_F32_VEC ay[GGML_F32_ARR];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F32_STEP) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F32_ARR; j++) {
+                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(x + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR);
+                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_FMA(vb, ay[j], vs);
+
+                GGML_F32_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR, ay[j]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+            y[i] = x[i]*s + b;
+        }
+    #endif
+#else
+    // scalar
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = x[i]*s + b;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
 //inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] *= v;          }
 inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
 #if defined(GGML_USE_ACCELERATE)
@@ -376,11 +736,18 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
         }
         // leftovers
         // maximum number of leftover elements will be less that ggml_f32_epr. Apply predicated svmad on available elements only
-        if (np < n) {
-            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32(np, n);
-            ay1 = svld1_f32(pg, y + np);
+        for (int i = np; i < n; i += ggml_f32_epr) {
+            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32(i, n);
+            ay1 = svld1_f32(pg, y + i);
             ay1 = svmul_f32_m(pg, ay1, vx);
-            svst1_f32(pg, y + np, ay1);
+            svst1_f32(pg, y + i, ay1);
+        }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(ay, v, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
         }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
@@ -412,7 +779,63 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
 }
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const float v) {
-#if defined(GGML_SIMD)
+#if defined(GGML_SIMD) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+    const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
+    const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16;
+    const int ggml_f16_step = 2 * ggml_f16_epr;
+
+    GGML_F16x_VEC vx =  GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1(v);
+    const int np = (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
+    svfloat16_t ay1, ay2;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+        ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+        ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay1, vx);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, ay1, 0);
+
+        ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+        ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay2, vx);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, ay2, 1);
+    }
+    // leftovers
+    // maximum number of leftover elements will be less that ggmlF_16x_epr. Apply predicated svmad on available elements only
+    if (np < n) {
+        svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np, n);
+        svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np));
+        svfloat16_t out = svmul_f16_m(pg, hy, vx);
+        svst1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np), out);
+    }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic) && defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+    const ggml_fp16_t s = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(v);
+    const _Float16 scale = *(const _Float16*)(&s);
+
+    // calculate step size
+    const int epr = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m4();
+    const int step = epr * 2;
+    const int np = (n & ~(step - 1));
+
+    // unroll by 2
+    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += step) {
+        vfloat16m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)y + i, epr);
+        ay0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f16m4(ay0, scale, epr);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m4((_Float16*)y + i, ay0, epr);
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("" ::: "memory");
+
+        vfloat16m4_t ay1 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)y + i + epr, epr);
+        ay1 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f16m4(ay1, scale, epr);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m4((_Float16*)y + i + epr, ay1, epr);
+        __asm__ __volatile__ ("" ::: "memory");
+    }
+
+    // leftovers
+    int vl;
+    for (int i = np; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m4(n - i);
+        vfloat16m4_t ay0 = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m4((const _Float16*)y + i, vl);
+        ay0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f16m4(ay0, scale, vl);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m4((_Float16*)y + i, ay0, vl);
+    }
+#elif defined(GGML_SIMD)
     const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
     GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
@@ -430,12 +853,12 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const float
 
     // leftovers
     for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
     }
 #else
     // scalar
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
     }
 #endif
 }
@@ -444,103 +867,104 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_norm_f32 (const int n, float * s, const float * x) {
 inline static void ggml_vec_sqr_f32  (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = x[i]*x[i];   }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sqr_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(v*v);
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(v*v);
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sqrt_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = sqrtf(x[i]); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sqrt_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(sqrtf(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(sqrtf(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_log_f32  (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = logf(x[i]);  }
 inline static void ggml_vec_log_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(logf(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(logf(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sin_f32  (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = sinf(x[i]);  }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sin_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(sinf(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(sinf(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_cos_f32  (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = cosf(x[i]);  }
 inline static void ggml_vec_cos_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(cosf(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(cosf(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_abs_f32  (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = fabsf(x[i]); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_abs_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(fabsf(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(fabsf(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sgn_f32  (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = (x[i] > 0.f) ? 1.f : ((x[i] < 0.f) ? -1.f : 0.f); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sgn_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16((v > 0.f) ? 1.f : ((v < 0.f) ? -1.f : 0.f));
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16((v > 0.f) ? 1.f : ((v < 0.f) ? -1.f : 0.f));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_step_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = (x[i] > 0.f) ? 1.f : 0.f; }
 inline static void ggml_vec_step_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16((GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) > 0.f) ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16((GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) > 0.f) ? 1.f : 0.f);
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_tanh_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = tanhf(x[i]);  }
 inline static void ggml_vec_tanh_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(tanhf(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(tanhf(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_elu_f32  (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = (x[i] > 0.f) ? x[i] : expm1f(x[i]); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_elu_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(expm1f(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16((v > 0.f) ? v : expm1f(v));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_relu_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = (x[i] > 0.f) ? x[i] : 0.f; }
 inline static void ggml_vec_relu_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16((v > 0.f) ? v : 0.f);
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16((v > 0.f) ? v : 0.f);
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_leaky_relu_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float ns) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = ((x[i] > 0.f) ? x[i] : 0.f) + ns * ((x[i] < 0.0f) ? x[i] : 0.f); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_leaky_relu_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const float ns) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(((v > 0.f) ? v : 0.f) + ns * ((v < 0.0f) ? v : 0.f));
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(((v > 0.f) ? v : 0.f) + ns * ((v < 0.0f) ? v : 0.f));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sigmoid_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = 1.f / (1.f + expf(-x[i])); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_sigmoid_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1.f / (1.f + expf(-GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]))));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(1.f / (1.f + expf(-GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]))));
     }
 }
 // TODO: optimize performance
 inline static void ggml_vec_hardswish_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = x[i] * fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (x[i] + 3.0f) / 6.0f)); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_hardswish_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(v * fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (v + 3.0f) / 6.0f)));
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(v * fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (v + 3.0f) / 6.0f)));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_hardsigmoid_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (x[i] + 3.0f) / 6.0f)); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_hardsigmoid_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) + 3.0f) / 6.0f)));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(fminf(1.0f, fmaxf(0.0f, (GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]) + 3.0f) / 6.0f)));
     }
 }
 inline static void ggml_vec_exp_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) y[i] = expf(x[i]); }
 inline static void ggml_vec_exp_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(expf(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(expf(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])));
     }
 }
 
@@ -562,9 +986,9 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_gelu_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_gelu_erf_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        float xi = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        float xi = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
         float res = 0.5f*xi*(1.0f + erff(xi*SQRT_2_INV));
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(res);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(res);
     }
 }
 
@@ -577,9 +1001,9 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_gelu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x) {
         } else if (x[i] >= 10.0f) {
             y[i] = x[i];
         } else {
-            ggml_fp16_t fp16 = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
+            ggml_fp16_t fp16 = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
             memcpy(&t, &fp16, sizeof(uint16_t));
-            y[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_f16[t]);
+            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_f16[t]);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -613,9 +1037,9 @@ inline static float ggml_gelu_quick_f32(float x) {
 inline static void ggml_vec_gelu_quick_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x) {
     uint16_t t;
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        ggml_fp16_t fp16 = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
+        ggml_fp16_t fp16 = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
         memcpy(&t, &fp16, sizeof(uint16_t));
-        y[i] = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_quick_f16[t]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_quick_f16[t]);
     }
 }
 #else
@@ -628,8 +1052,8 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_gelu_quick_f32(const int n, float * y, const float *
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_gelu_quick_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
-        y[i] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(v*(1.0f/(1.0f+expf(GELU_QUICK_COEF*v))));
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(v*(1.0f/(1.0f+expf(GELU_QUICK_COEF*v))));
     }
 }
 
@@ -638,8 +1062,8 @@ inline static float ggml_silu_f32(float x) {
     return x/(1.0f + expf(-x));
 }
 inline static ggml_fp16_t ggml_silu_f16(ggml_fp16_t x) {
-    float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
-    return GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(v/(1.0f + expf(-v)));
+    float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+    return GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(v/(1.0f + expf(-v)));
 }
 
 #if __FINITE_MATH_ONLY__
@@ -683,7 +1107,39 @@ inline static ggml_fp16_t ggml_silu_f16(ggml_fp16_t x) {
     }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+
+inline static svfloat32_t ggml_v_expf(svbool_t pg, svfloat32_t x) {
+    const svfloat32_t r = svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.8p23f);
+    const svfloat32_t z = svmla_n_f32_x(pg, r, x, 0x1.715476p+0f);
+    const svfloat32_t n = svsub_f32_x(pg, z, r);
+    const svfloat32_t b = svmls_n_f32_x(pg, svmls_n_f32_x(pg, x, n, 0x1.62e4p-1f), n, 0x1.7f7d1cp-20f);
+    const svuint32_t e = svlsl_n_u32_x(pg, svreinterpret_u32_f32(z), 23);
+    const svfloat32_t k = svreinterpret_f32_u32(svadd_u32_x(pg, e, svreinterpret_u32_f32(svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 1))));
+    const svbool_t c = svacgt_n_f32(pg, n, 126);
+    const svfloat32_t u = svmul_f32_x(pg, b, b);
+    const svfloat32_t j = svmla_f32_x(pg,
+        svmul_n_f32_x(pg, b, 0x1.ffffecp-1f),
+        svmla_f32_x(pg, svmla_f32_x(pg, svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.fffdb6p-2f), svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.555e66p-3f), b),
+                        svmla_f32_x(pg, svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.573e2ep-5f), svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.0e4020p-7f), b), u), u);
+    const svuint32_t d = svdup_n_u32_z(svcmple_n_f32(pg, n, 0.0), 0x82000000);
+    const svfloat32_t s1 = svreinterpret_f32_u32(svadd_n_u32_x(pg, d, 0x7f000000));
+    const svfloat32_t s2 = svreinterpret_f32_u32(svsub_u32_x(pg, e, d));
+    return svsel_f32(svacgt_f32(pg, n, svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 192)), svmul_f32_x(pg, s1, s1),
+                     svsel_f32(c, svmul_f32_x(pg, svmla_f32_x(pg, s2, s2, j), s1), svmla_f32_x(pg, k, k, j)));
+}
+
+// computes silu x/(1+exp(-x)) in single precision vector
+inline static svfloat32_t ggml_v_silu(svbool_t pg, svfloat32_t x) {
+    const svfloat32_t one = svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 1.0f);
+    const svfloat32_t zero = svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0.0f);
+    const svfloat32_t neg_x = svsub_f32_x(pg, zero, x);
+    const svfloat32_t exp_neg_x = ggml_v_expf(pg, neg_x);
+    const svfloat32_t one_plus_exp_neg_x = svadd_f32_x(pg, one, exp_neg_x);
+    return svdiv_f32_x(pg, x, one_plus_exp_neg_x);
+}
+
+#elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
 
 // adapted from arm limited optimized routine
 // the maximum error is 1.45358 plus 0.5 ulps
@@ -874,7 +1330,59 @@ inline static __m128 ggml_v_silu(__m128 x) {
     return _mm_div_ps(x, one_plus_exp_neg_x);
 }
 
-#endif // __ARM_NEON / __AVX2__ / __SSE2__
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+
+// adapted from arm limited optimized routine
+// the maximum error is 1.45358 plus 0.5 ulps
+// numbers above 88.38 will flush to infinity
+// numbers beneath -103.97 will flush to zero
+inline static vfloat32m2_t ggml_v_expf_m2(vfloat32m2_t x, int vl) {
+    const vfloat32m2_t r = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.8p23f, vl);
+#ifdef __riscv_xtheadvector
+    // workaround for compiler bug (gcc 14.3.0: Error: unrecognized opcode `th.vmv1r.v v2,v4')
+    vfloat32m2_t z = __riscv_vfadd_vf_f32m2(r, 0.0f, vl);
+    z = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(z, 0x1.715476p+0f, x, vl);
+#else
+    const vfloat32m2_t z = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(r, 0x1.715476p+0f, x, vl);
+#endif
+    const vfloat32m2_t n = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(z, r, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t b = __riscv_vfnmsac_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfnmsac_vf_f32m2(x, 0x1.62e4p-1f, n, vl),
+                                                    0x1.7f7d1cp-20f, n, vl);
+    const vuint32m2_t e = __riscv_vsll_vx_u32m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_f32m2_u32m2(z), 23, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t k = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(e, 0x3f800000, vl)); // 1.0f
+    const vbool16_t c = __riscv_vmfgt_vf_f32m2_b16(__riscv_vfabs_v_f32m2(n, vl), 126.0f, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t u = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(b, b, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t j = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(
+        __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b, 0x1.ffffecp-1f, vl),
+        __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(
+            __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.fffdb6p-2f, vl), 0x1.555e66p-3f, b, vl),
+            __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.573e2ep-5f, vl), 0x1.0e4020p-7f, b, vl),
+            u, vl), u, vl);
+    if (!__riscv_vcpop_m_b16(c, vl))
+        return __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(k, j, k, vl);
+    const vbool16_t  dm = __riscv_vmfle_vf_f32m2_b16(n, 0.0f, vl);
+    const vuint32m2_t d = __riscv_vmerge_vxm_u32m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m2(0, vl), 0x82000000, dm, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t s1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(d, 0x7f000000, vl));
+    const vfloat32m2_t s2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vsub_vv_u32m2(e, d, vl));
+    const vfloat32m2_t r1 = __riscv_vmerge_vvm_f32m2(
+        __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(k, k, j, vl),
+        __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(s2, s2, j, vl), s1, vl),
+        c, vl);
+    return __riscv_vmerge_vvm_f32m2(
+        r1, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(s1, s1, vl),
+        __riscv_vmfgt_vf_f32m2_b16(__riscv_vfabs_v_f32m2(n, vl), 192.0f, vl),
+        vl);
+}
+
+// computes silu x/(1+exp(-x)) in single precision vector
+inline static vfloat32m2_t ggml_v_silu_m2(vfloat32m2_t x, int vl) {
+    const vfloat32m2_t neg_x = __riscv_vfneg_v_f32m2(x, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t exp_neg_x = ggml_v_expf_m2(neg_x, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t one_plus_exp_neg_x = __riscv_vfadd_vf_f32m2(exp_neg_x, 1.0f, vl);
+    return __riscv_vfdiv_vv_f32m2(x, one_plus_exp_neg_x, vl);
+}
+
+#endif // __ARM_NEON / __AVX2__ / __SSE2__ / __riscv_v_intrinsic
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_silu_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -888,9 +1396,9 @@ inline static float ggml_silu_backward_f32(float x, float dy) {
 }
 
 inline static ggml_fp16_t ggml_silu_backward_f16(ggml_fp16_t x, ggml_fp16_t dy) {
-    const float v = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
+    const float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x);
     const float s = 1.0f/(1.0f + expf(-v));
-    return GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(dy)*s*(1.0f + v*(1.0f - s)));
+    return GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(dy)*s*(1.0f + v*(1.0f - s)));
 }
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_silu_backward_f32(const int n, float * dx, const float * x, const float * dy) {
@@ -905,6 +1413,100 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_silu_backward_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * dx, con
     }
 }
 
+inline static void ggml_vec_reglu_f32 (const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = (x[i] > 0.f) ? x[i] * g[i] : 0.f;
+    }
+}
+
+inline static void ggml_vec_reglu_f16 (const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * g) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16((v > 0.f) ? v * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(g[i]) : 0.f);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef GGML_GELU_FP16
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g) {
+    uint16_t t;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        if (x[i] <= -10.0f) {
+            y[i] = 0.0f;
+        } else if (x[i] >= 10.0f) {
+            y[i] = x[i] * g[i];
+        } else {
+            ggml_fp16_t fp16 = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
+            memcpy(&t, &fp16, sizeof(uint16_t));
+            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_f16[t]) * g[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+#else
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = ggml_gelu_f32(x[i]) * g[i];
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * g) {
+    const uint16_t * i16 = (const uint16_t *) x;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(g[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_f16[i16[i]]) * v);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_swiglu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g);
+
+inline static void ggml_vec_swiglu_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * g) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        float xi = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        float gi = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(g[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16((xi/(1.0f + expf(-xi))) * gi);
+    }
+}
+
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_erf_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        float xi = x[i];
+        y[i] = 0.5f * xi * (1.0f + erff(xi*SQRT_2_INV)) * g[i];
+    }
+}
+
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_erf_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * g) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        float xi = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        float gi = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(g[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(0.5f * xi * (1.0f + erff(xi*SQRT_2_INV)) * gi);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef GGML_GELU_QUICK_FP16
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_quick_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g) {
+    uint16_t t;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        ggml_fp16_t fp16 = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x[i]);
+        memcpy(&t, &fp16, sizeof(uint16_t));
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_quick_f16[t]) * g[i];
+    }
+}
+#else
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_quick_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float * g) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = ggml_gelu_quick_f32(x[i]) * g[i];
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline static void ggml_vec_geglu_quick_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x, const ggml_fp16_t * g) {
+    const uint16_t * i16 = (const uint16_t *) x;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        float v = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(g[i]);
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(ggml_table_gelu_quick_f16[i16[i]]) * v);
+    }
+}
+
 inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f32(const int n, float * s, const float * x) {
 #ifndef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
     ggml_float sum = 0.0;
@@ -917,6 +1519,16 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f32(const int n, float * s, const float * x) {
 #endif
 }
 
+inline static void ggml_vec_cumsum_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        if (i == 0) {
+            y[i] = x[i];
+        } else {
+            y[i] = y[i - 1] + x[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f32_ggf(const int n, ggml_float * s, const float * x) {
     ggml_float sum = 0.0;
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -928,7 +1540,7 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f32_ggf(const int n, ggml_float * s, const float
 inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f16_ggf(const int n, float * s, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     float sum = 0.0f;
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        sum += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
+        sum += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i]);
     }
     *s = sum;
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeLists.txt
index c9ff4aa321b..262f88204e0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
         # 80     == Ampere, asynchronous data loading, faster tensor core instructions
         # 86     == RTX 3000, needs CUDA v11.1
         # 89     == RTX 4000, needs CUDA v11.8
+        # 120    == Blackwell, needs CUDA v12.8, FP4 tensor cores
         #
         # XX-virtual == compile CUDA code as PTX, do JIT compilation to binary code on first run
         # XX-real    == compile CUDA code as device code for this specific architecture
@@ -24,32 +25,91 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
         #     for best performance and to also build real architectures for the most commonly used GPUs.
         if (GGML_NATIVE AND CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "11.6" AND CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.24")
             set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "native")
-        elseif(GGML_CUDA_F16 OR GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16)
-            if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "11.8")
-                set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "60-virtual;61-virtual;70-virtual;75-virtual;80-virtual;86-real;89-real")
-            else()
-                set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "60-virtual;61-virtual;70-virtual;75-virtual;80-virtual;86-real")
-            endif()
         else()
+            if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_LESS "13")
+                list(APPEND CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES 50-virtual 61-virtual 70-virtual)
+            endif ()
+
+            list(APPEND CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES 75-virtual 80-virtual 86-real)
+
             if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "11.8")
-                set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "50-virtual;61-virtual;70-virtual;75-virtual;80-virtual;86-real;89-real")
-            else()
-                set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "50-virtual;61-virtual;70-virtual;75-virtual;80-virtual;86-real")
+                list(APPEND CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES 89-real)
+            endif()
+
+            if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "12.8")
+                # The CUDA architecture 120f-virtual would in principle work for Blackwell support
+                #     but the newly added "f" suffix conflicted with a preexising regex for validating CUDA architectures in CMake.
+                # So either a recent CMake version or one with the backported fix is needed.
+                # The following versions should work:
+                #   - CMake >= v3.31.8 && CMake < v4.0.0
+                #   - CMake >= v4.0.2
+                # This is NOT documented in the CMake release notes,
+                #     check Modules/Internal/CMakeCUDAArchitecturesValidate.cmake in the CMake git repository instead.
+                # However, the architectures 120a-real and 121a-real should work with basically any CMake version and
+                #     until the release of e.g. Rubin there is no benefit to shipping virtual architectures for Blackwell.
+                list(APPEND CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES 120a-real)
+            endif()
+            if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "12.9")
+                list(APPEND CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES 121a-real)
             endif()
         endif()
     endif()
-    message(STATUS "Using CUDA architectures: ${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES}")
 
     enable_language(CUDA)
 
+    # TODO: Remove once CCCL 3.2 has been released and bundled with CUDA Toolkit
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CUB_3DOT2)
+        include(FetchContent)
+
+        FetchContent_Declare(
+            CCCL
+            GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/nvidia/cccl.git
+            GIT_TAG        v3.2.0
+            GIT_SHALLOW    TRUE
+        )
+
+        FetchContent_MakeAvailable(CCCL)
+    endif()
+
+    # Replace any plain 12X CUDA architectures with their "architecture-specific" equivalents 12Xa.
+    # 12X is forwards-compatible, 12Xa is not.
+    # Notably the Blackwell FP4 tensor core instructions are not forwards compatible and therefore need 12Xa.
+    # But while 12X vs. 12Xa can be checked in device code there is (to my knowledge) no easy way to do the same check in host code.
+    # So for now just replace all instances of 12X with 12Xa, this should be fine until Rubin is released.
+    foreach(ARCHS IN ITEMS CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES_NATIVE)
+        set(FIXED_ARCHS "")
+        foreach(ARCH IN LISTS ${ARCHS})
+            if (ARCH MATCHES "^12[0-9](-real|-virtual)?$")
+                string(REGEX REPLACE "^(12[0-9])((-real|-virtual)?)$" "\\1a\\2" FIXED_ARCH ${ARCH})
+                message(STATUS "Replacing ${ARCH} in ${ARCHS} with ${FIXED_ARCH}")
+                list(APPEND FIXED_ARCHS "${FIXED_ARCH}")
+            else()
+                list(APPEND FIXED_ARCHS "${ARCH}")
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+        set(${ARCHS} ${FIXED_ARCHS})
+    endforeach()
+
+    # If we try to compile a "native" build it will use the 12X architectures and fail.
+    # So we should instead use the native architectures as determined by CMake after replacing 12X with 12Xa.
+    # But if at the time of the build no GPUs are connected at all CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES will contain garbage that we should not use.
+    if (CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "native" AND CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES_NATIVE MATCHES "^[0-9]+(a|f)?(-real|-virtual)?(;[0-9]+(a|f)?(-real|-virtual)?|;)*$")
+        set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES ${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES_NATIVE})
+    endif()
+    message(STATUS "Using CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES} CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES_NATIVE=${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES_NATIVE}")
+
     file(GLOB   GGML_HEADERS_CUDA "*.cuh")
     list(APPEND GGML_HEADERS_CUDA "../../include/ggml-cuda.h")
 
     file(GLOB   GGML_SOURCES_CUDA "*.cu")
+    file(GLOB   SRCS "template-instances/fattn-tile*.cu")
+    list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_CUDA ${SRCS})
     file(GLOB   SRCS "template-instances/fattn-mma*.cu")
     list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_CUDA ${SRCS})
     file(GLOB   SRCS "template-instances/mmq*.cu")
     list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_CUDA ${SRCS})
+    file(GLOB   SRCS "template-instances/mmf*.cu")
+    list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_CUDA ${SRCS})
 
     if (GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS)
         file(GLOB   SRCS "template-instances/fattn-vec*.cu")
@@ -91,10 +151,6 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_NO_FA)
     endif()
 
-    if (GGML_CUDA_F16 OR GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16)
-        add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_F16)
-    endif()
-
     if (GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
     endif()
@@ -102,12 +158,22 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
     if (GGML_STATIC)
         if (WIN32)
             # As of 12.3.1 CUDA Toolkit for Windows does not offer a static cublas library
-            target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas CUDA::cublasLt)
+            target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas)
         else ()
-            target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static CUDA::cublasLt_static)
+            if (GGML_CUDA_CUB_3DOT2)
+                target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CCCL::CCCL)
+            endif()
+            if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "10.1")
+                target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static CUDA::cublasLt_static)
+            else()
+                target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static)
+            endif()
         endif()
     else()
-        target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE CUDA::cudart CUDA::cublas CUDA::cublasLt)
+        if (GGML_CUDA_CUB_3DOT2)
+            target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CCCL::CCCL)
+        endif()
+        target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE CUDA::cudart CUDA::cublas)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
@@ -120,6 +186,11 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
 
     set(CUDA_FLAGS -use_fast_math -extended-lambda)
 
+    if (GGML_CUDA_DEBUG)
+        list(APPEND CUDA_FLAGS -lineinfo)
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_DEBUG)
+    endif()
+
     if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "12.8")
         # Options are:
         # - none (not recommended)
@@ -170,6 +241,10 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
 
     if (NOT MSVC)
         list(APPEND CUDA_CXX_FLAGS -Wno-pedantic)
+    else()
+        # CCCL 3.2 onwards will require a cpp-standard-compliant preprocessor for MSVC
+        # https://github.com/NVIDIA/cccl/pull/6827
+        list(APPEND CUDA_CXX_FLAGS /Zc:preprocessor)
     endif()
 
     list(JOIN   CUDA_CXX_FLAGS " " CUDA_CXX_FLAGS_JOINED)  # pass host compiler flags as a single argument
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/add-id.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/add-id.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d9cf692b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/add-id.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include "add-id.cuh"
+
+static __global__ void add_id_kernel(
+        const float * src0, const float * src1, const int32_t * src2, float * dst,
+        int64_t ne0, int64_t ne1,
+        size_t nb01, size_t nb02,
+        size_t nb11,
+        size_t nb21
+    ) {
+
+    const int64_t i1 = blockIdx.x;
+    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.y;
+
+    const int i11 = *(const int32_t *) ((const char *) src2 + i1*sizeof(int32_t) + i2*nb21);
+
+    const size_t nb1 = ne0 * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t nb2 = ne1 * nb1;
+
+    float * dst_row = (float *)((char *)dst + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2);
+    const float * src0_row = (const float *)((const char *)src0 +  i1*nb01 + i2*nb02);
+    const float * src1_row = (const float *)((const char *)src1 + i11*nb11);
+
+    for (int64_t i0 = threadIdx.x; i0 < ne0; i0 += blockDim.x) {
+        dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] + src1_row[i0];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_add_id(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_TERNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src2->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb20 == sizeof(int32_t));
+
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *)src0->data;
+    const float * src1_d = (const float *)src1->data;
+    const int32_t * src2_d = (const int32_t *)src2->data;
+    float * dst_d = (float *)dst->data;
+
+    int threads = std::min((int)ne00, 768); // cols
+    dim3 blocks(ne01, ne02); // n_experts_used, n_tokens
+    add_id_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, ctx.stream()>>>(
+        src0_d, src1_d, src2_d, dst_d,
+        ne0, ne1,
+        nb01, nb02,
+        nb11,
+        nb21
+    );
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/add-id.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/add-id.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..30b1721ac32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/add-id.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_add_id(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argmax.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argmax.cu
index 5340eedc089..51967c667cf 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argmax.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argmax.cu
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ static __global__ void argmax_f32(const float * __restrict__ x, int32_t * __rest
     }
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+    for (int offset = WARP_SIZE/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
         const float val = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, maxval, offset, WARP_SIZE);
         const int   col = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, argmax, offset, WARP_SIZE);
         if (val > maxval) {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static __global__ void argmax_f32(const float * __restrict__ x, int32_t * __rest
                 argmax = shared_argmax[lane_id];
             }
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+            for (int offset = WARP_SIZE/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
                 const float val = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, maxval, offset, WARP_SIZE);
                 const int   col = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, argmax, offset, WARP_SIZE);
                 if (val > maxval) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cu
index 607ded8558b..4896669c32a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cu
@@ -1,5 +1,111 @@
 #include "argsort.cuh"
 
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+#    include <cub/cub.cuh>
+#    if (CCCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && CCCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 1)
+#        define STRIDED_ITERATOR_AVAILABLE
+#    endif
+using namespace cub;
+#endif  // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+
+static __global__ void init_indices(int * indices, const int ncols, const int nrows) {
+    const int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    const int row = blockIdx.y;
+
+    if (col < ncols && row < nrows) {
+        indices[row * ncols + col] = col;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifndef STRIDED_ITERATOR_AVAILABLE
+static __global__ void init_offsets(int * offsets, const int ncols, const int nrows) {
+    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    if (idx <= nrows) {
+        offsets[idx] = idx * ncols;
+    }
+}
+#endif  // STRIDED_ITERATOR_AVAILABLE
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+void argsort_f32_i32_cuda_cub(ggml_cuda_pool & pool,
+                              const float *    x,
+                              int *            dst,
+                              const int        ncols,
+                              const int        nrows,
+                              ggml_sort_order  order,
+                              cudaStream_t     stream) {
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int>   temp_indices_alloc(pool, ncols * nrows);
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float> temp_keys_alloc(pool, ncols * nrows);
+
+    int *   temp_indices = temp_indices_alloc.get();
+    float * temp_keys    = temp_keys_alloc.get();
+
+    static const int block_size = 256;
+    const dim3 grid_size((ncols + block_size - 1) / block_size, nrows);
+    init_indices<<<grid_size, block_size, 0, stream>>>(temp_indices, ncols, nrows);
+
+#ifdef STRIDED_ITERATOR_AVAILABLE
+    auto offset_iterator = cuda::make_strided_iterator(cuda::make_counting_iterator(0), ncols);
+#else
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int> offsets_alloc(pool, nrows + 1);
+    int *                     offset_iterator = offsets_alloc.get();
+    const dim3                offset_grid((nrows + block_size - 1) / block_size);
+    init_offsets<<<offset_grid, block_size, 0, stream>>>(offset_iterator, ncols, nrows);
+#endif
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(temp_keys, x, ncols * nrows * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream));
+
+    size_t temp_storage_bytes = 0;
+
+    if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
+        if (nrows == 1) {
+            DeviceRadixSort::SortPairs(nullptr, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys,  // keys (in-place)
+                                       temp_indices, dst,                                  // values (indices)
+                                       ncols, 0, sizeof(float) * 8, stream);
+        } else {
+            DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(nullptr, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys,  // keys (in-place)
+                                           temp_indices, dst,                                  // values (indices)
+                                           ncols * nrows, nrows,  // num items, num segments
+                                           offset_iterator, offset_iterator + 1, stream);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (nrows == 1) {
+            DeviceRadixSort::SortPairsDescending(nullptr, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys,  // keys (in-place)
+                                                 temp_indices, dst,                                  // values (indices)
+                                                 ncols, 0, sizeof(float) * 8, stream);
+        } else {
+            DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairsDescending(nullptr, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys, temp_indices,
+                                                     dst, ncols * nrows, nrows, offset_iterator, offset_iterator + 1,
+                                                     stream);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<uint8_t> temp_storage_alloc(pool, temp_storage_bytes);
+    void *                        d_temp_storage = temp_storage_alloc.get();
+
+    if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
+        if (nrows == 1) {
+            DeviceRadixSort::SortPairs(d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys,  // keys (in-place)
+                                       temp_indices, dst,  // values (indices)
+                                       ncols, 0, sizeof(float) * 8, stream);
+        } else {
+            DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys, temp_indices, dst,
+                                           ncols * nrows, nrows, offset_iterator, offset_iterator + 1, stream);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (nrows == 1) {
+            DeviceRadixSort::SortPairsDescending(d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys,  // keys (in-place)
+                                                 temp_indices, dst,                                  // values (indices)
+                                                 ncols, 0, sizeof(float) * 8, stream);
+        } else {
+            DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairsDescending(d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, temp_keys, temp_keys,
+                                                     temp_indices, dst, ncols * nrows, nrows, offset_iterator,
+                                                     offset_iterator + 1, stream);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif  // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+
+// Bitonic sort implementation
 template<typename T>
 static inline __device__ void ggml_cuda_swap(T & a, T & b) {
     T tmp = a;
@@ -11,7 +117,7 @@ template<ggml_sort_order order>
 static __global__ void k_argsort_f32_i32(const float * x, int * dst, const int ncols, int ncols_pad) {
     // bitonic sort
     int col = threadIdx.x;
-    int row = blockIdx.y;
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
 
     if (col >= ncols_pad) {
         return;
@@ -65,21 +171,28 @@ static int next_power_of_2(int x) {
     return n;
 }
 
-static void argsort_f32_i32_cuda(const float * x, int * dst, const int ncols, const int nrows, ggml_sort_order order, cudaStream_t stream) {
+void argsort_f32_i32_cuda_bitonic(const float *   x,
+                                  int *           dst,
+                                  const int       ncols,
+                                  const int       nrows,
+                                  ggml_sort_order order,
+                                  cudaStream_t    stream) {
     // bitonic sort requires ncols to be power of 2
     const int ncols_pad = next_power_of_2(ncols);
 
     const dim3 block_dims(ncols_pad, 1, 1);
-    const dim3 block_nums(1, nrows, 1);
+    const dim3 block_nums(nrows, 1, 1);
     const size_t shared_mem = ncols_pad * sizeof(int);
 
     // FIXME: this limit could be raised by ~2-4x on Ampere or newer
     GGML_ASSERT(shared_mem <= ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].smpb);
 
     if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
-        k_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC><<<block_nums, block_dims, shared_mem, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad);
+        k_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC>
+            <<<block_nums, block_dims, shared_mem, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad);
     } else if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC) {
-        k_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC><<<block_nums, block_dims, shared_mem, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad);
+        k_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC>
+            <<<block_nums, block_dims, shared_mem, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad);
     } else {
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
@@ -100,5 +213,18 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_argsort(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     enum ggml_sort_order order = (enum ggml_sort_order) dst->op_params[0];
 
-    argsort_f32_i32_cuda(src0_d, (int *)dst_d, ncols, nrows, order, stream);
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+    const int    ncols_pad      = next_power_of_2(ncols);
+    const size_t shared_mem     = ncols_pad * sizeof(int);
+    const size_t max_shared_mem = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].smpb;
+
+    if (shared_mem > max_shared_mem || ncols > 1024) {
+        ggml_cuda_pool & pool = ctx.pool();
+        argsort_f32_i32_cuda_cub(pool, src0_d, (int *) dst_d, ncols, nrows, order, stream);
+    } else {
+        argsort_f32_i32_cuda_bitonic(src0_d, (int *) dst_d, ncols, nrows, order, stream);
+    }
+#else
+    argsort_f32_i32_cuda_bitonic(src0_d, (int *) dst_d, ncols, nrows, order, stream);
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cuh
index 68a001547ff..22b7306f202 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cuh
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_argsort(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+void argsort_f32_i32_cuda_cub(ggml_cuda_pool & pool,
+                              const float *    x,
+                              int *            dst,
+                              const int        ncols,
+                              const int        nrows,
+                              ggml_sort_order  order,
+                              cudaStream_t     stream);
+#endif  // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+void argsort_f32_i32_cuda_bitonic(const float *   x,
+                                  int *           dst,
+                                  const int       ncols,
+                                  const int       nrows,
+                                  ggml_sort_order order,
+                                  cudaStream_t    stream);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu
index e1fbf0e1366..7339fe0c070 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "binbcast.cuh"
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_repeat(const float a, const float b) {
     return b;
@@ -22,73 +23,297 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_div(const float a, const float b) {
     return a / b;
 }
 
-template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
-static __global__ void k_bin_bcast(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
-        int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
-        int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
-        /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
-        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
-        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13) {
-    const int i0s = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
-    const int i1 = (blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
-    const int i2 = (blockDim.z*blockIdx.z + threadIdx.z) / ne3;
-    const int i3 = (blockDim.z*blockIdx.z + threadIdx.z) % ne3;
-
-    if (i0s >= ne0 || i1 >= ne1 || i2 >= ne2 || i3 >= ne3) {
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float),
+          typename src0_t,
+          typename src1_t,
+          typename dst_t,
+          typename... src1_ptrs>
+static __global__ void k_bin_bcast(const src0_t *         src0,
+                                   const src1_t *         src1,
+                                   dst_t *                dst,
+                                   const int              ne0,
+                                   const int              ne1,
+                                   const int              ne2,
+                                   const uint3            ne3,
+                                   const uint3            ne10,
+                                   const uint3            ne11,
+                                   const uint3            ne12,
+                                   const uint3            ne13,
+                                 /*const int              s0,*/
+                                   const int              s1,
+                                   const int              s2,
+                                   const int              s3,
+                                   const int              s00,
+                                   const int              s01,
+                                   const int              s02,
+                                   const int              s03,
+                                   const int              s10,
+                                   const int              s11,
+                                   const int              s12,
+                                   const int              s13,
+                                   src1_ptrs... src1s) {
+    const uint32_t i0s = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+    const uint32_t i1  = (blockDim.y * blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
+    const uint32_t i2  = fastdiv((blockDim.z * blockIdx.z + threadIdx.z), ne3);
+    const uint32_t i3  = (blockDim.z * blockIdx.z + threadIdx.z) - (i2 * ne3.z);
+
+    if (i0s >= (uint32_t)ne0 || i1 >= (uint32_t)ne1 || i2 >= (uint32_t)ne2 || i3 >= ne3.z) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const int i11 = i1 % ne11;
-    const int i12 = i2 % ne12;
-    const int i13 = i3 % ne13;
+    const uint32_t i11 = fastmodulo(i1, ne11);
+    const uint32_t i12 = fastmodulo(i2, ne12);
+    const uint32_t i13 = fastmodulo(i3, ne13);
 
     const size_t i_src0 =  i3*s03 +  i2*s02 +  i1*s01;
     const size_t i_src1 = i13*s13 + i12*s12 + i11*s11;
     const size_t i_dst  =  i3*s3  +  i2*s2  +  i1*s1;
 
-    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 + i_src0;
-    const src1_t * src1_row = src1 + i_src1;
+    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 ? (src0 + i_src0) : nullptr;
     dst_t * dst_row = dst + i_dst;
 
-    for (int i0 = i0s; i0 < ne0; i0 += blockDim.x*gridDim.x) {
-        const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
-        dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
+    for (int i0 = i0s; i0 < ne0; i0 += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {
+        const uint32_t i10 = fastmodulo(i0, ne10);
+
+        float result = src0_row ? (float) src0_row[i0*s00] : 0.0f;
+        if constexpr (sizeof...(src1_ptrs) > 0) {
+            result = (..., (result = bin_op(result, (float)src1s[i_src1 + i10*s10])));
+        } else {
+            result = bin_op(result, (float)src1[i_src1 + i10*s10]);
+        }
+
+        dst_row[i0] = (dst_t) result;
     }
 }
 
-template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
-static __global__ void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
-        int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
-        int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
-        /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
-        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
-        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13) {
-
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float),
+          typename src0_t,
+          typename src1_t,
+          typename dst_t,
+          typename... src1_ptrs>
+static __global__ void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t *         src0,
+                                           const src1_t *         src1,
+                                           dst_t *                dst,
+                                           const uint3            ne0,
+                                           const uint3            ne1,
+                                           const uint3            ne2,
+                                           const uint32_t         ne3,
+                                           const uint3            prod_012,
+                                           const uint3            prod_01,
+                                           const uint3            ne10,
+                                           const uint3            ne11,
+                                           const uint3            ne12,
+                                           const uint3            ne13,
+                                         /*const int              s0,*/
+                                           const int              s1,
+                                           const int              s2,
+                                           const int              s3,
+                                           const int              s00,
+                                           const int              s01,
+                                           const int              s02,
+                                           const int              s03,
+                                           const int              s10,
+                                           const int              s11,
+                                           const int              s12,
+                                           const int              s13,
+                                           src1_ptrs... src1s) {
     const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    const int i3 = i/(ne2*ne1*ne0);
-    const int i2 = (i/(ne1*ne0)) % ne2;
-    const int i1 = (i/ne0) % ne1;
-    const int i0 = i % ne0;
+    const uint32_t i3 = fastdiv(i, prod_012);
+    const uint32_t i2 = fastdiv(i - i3 * prod_012.z, prod_01);
+    const uint32_t i1 = fastdiv(i - i3 * prod_012.z - i2 * prod_01.z, ne0);
+    const uint32_t i0 = i - i3 * prod_012.z - i2 * prod_01.z - i1 * ne0.z;
 
-    if (i0 >= ne0 || i1 >= ne1 || i2 >= ne2 || i3 >= ne3) {
+    if (i0 >= ne0.z || i1 >= ne1.z || i2 >= ne2.z || i3 >= ne3) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const int i11 = i1 % ne11;
-    const int i12 = i2 % ne12;
-    const int i13 = i3 % ne13;
+    const int i11 = fastmodulo(i1, ne11);
+    const int i12 = fastmodulo(i2, ne12);
+    const int i13 = fastmodulo(i3, ne13);
 
     const size_t i_src0 =  i3*s03 +  i2*s02 +  i1*s01;
     const size_t i_src1 = i13*s13 + i12*s12 + i11*s11;
     const size_t i_dst  =  i3*s3  +  i2*s2  +  i1*s1;
 
-    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 + i_src0;
-    const src1_t * src1_row = src1 + i_src1;
+    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 ? (src0 + i_src0) : nullptr;
     dst_t * dst_row = dst + i_dst;
 
-    const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
-    dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
+    const int i10 = fastmodulo(i0, ne10);
+
+    float result = src0_row ? (float) src0_row[i0*s00] : 0.0f;
+    if constexpr (sizeof...(src1_ptrs) > 0) {
+        result = (..., (result = bin_op(result, (float)src1s[i_src1 + i10*s10])));
+    } else {
+        result = bin_op(result, (float)src1[i_src1 + i10*s10]);
+    }
+
+    dst_row[i0] = (dst_t) result;
+}
+
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t, size_t... I>
+static void launch_bin_bcast_pack(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst,
+                                  const src0_t * src0_dd, const src1_t * src1_dd, dst_t * dst_dd,
+                                  cudaStream_t stream, std::index_sequence<I...>) {
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    int nr0 = ne10 / ne0;
+    int nr1 = ne11 / ne1;
+    int nr2 = ne12 / ne2;
+    int nr3 = ne13 / ne3;
+
+    int nr[4] = { nr0, nr1, nr2, nr3 };
+
+    int64_t cne[]  = { ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3 };
+    int64_t cne0[] = { ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03 };
+    int64_t cne1[] = { ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13 };
+
+    size_t cnb[]  = { nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3 };
+    size_t cnb0[] = { nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03 };
+    size_t cnb1[] = { nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13 };
+
+    auto collapse = [](int64_t cne[]) {
+        cne[0] *= cne[1];
+        cne[1] = cne[2];
+        cne[2] = cne[3];
+        cne[3] = 1;
+    };
+
+    auto collapse_nb = [](size_t cnb[], const int64_t cne[]) {
+        cnb[1] *= cne[1];
+        cnb[2] *= cne[2];
+        cnb[3] *= cne[3];
+    };
+
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && !ggml_is_permuted(src0) && !ggml_is_permuted(src1)) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            if (nr[i] != 1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (i > 0) {
+                collapse_nb(cnb, cne);
+                collapse_nb(cnb0, cne0);
+                collapse_nb(cnb1, cne1);
+                collapse(cne);
+                collapse(cne0);
+                collapse(cne1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        int64_t ne0 = cne[0];
+        int64_t ne1 = cne[1];
+        int64_t ne2 = cne[2];
+        int64_t ne3 = cne[3];
+
+        //int64_t ne00 = cne0[0]; GGML_UNUSED(ne00);
+        //int64_t ne01 = cne0[1]; GGML_UNUSED(ne01);
+        //int64_t ne02 = cne0[2]; GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
+        //int64_t ne03 = cne0[3]; GGML_UNUSED(ne03);
+
+        size_t nb0 = cnb[0];
+        size_t nb1 = cnb[1];
+        size_t nb2 = cnb[2];
+        size_t nb3 = cnb[3];
+
+        size_t nb00 = cnb0[0];
+        size_t nb01 = cnb0[1];
+        size_t nb02 = cnb0[2];
+        size_t nb03 = cnb0[3];
+
+        size_t nb10 = cnb1[0];
+        size_t nb11 = cnb1[1];
+        size_t nb12 = cnb1[2];
+        size_t nb13 = cnb1[3];
+
+      //size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
+        size_t s1 = nb1 / sizeof(dst_t);
+        size_t s2 = nb2 / sizeof(dst_t);
+        size_t s3 = nb3 / sizeof(dst_t);
+
+        size_t s10 = nb10 / sizeof(src1_t);
+        size_t s11 = nb11 / sizeof(src1_t);
+        size_t s12 = nb12 / sizeof(src1_t);
+        size_t s13 = nb13 / sizeof(src1_t);
+
+        size_t s00 = nb00 / sizeof(src0_t);
+        size_t s01 = nb01 / sizeof(src0_t);
+        size_t s02 = nb02 / sizeof(src0_t);
+        size_t s03 = nb03 / sizeof(src0_t);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb0 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb1 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb2 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb3 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb00 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb02 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb03 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb10 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb11 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb13 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+
+        const int block_size = 128;
+
+        int64_t hne0 = std::max(ne0 / 2LL, 1LL);
+
+        dim3 block_dims;
+        block_dims.x = std::min<unsigned int>(hne0, block_size);
+        block_dims.y = std::min<unsigned int>(ne1, block_size / block_dims.x);
+        block_dims.z = std::min(std::min<unsigned int>(ne2 * ne3, block_size / block_dims.x / block_dims.y), 64U);
+
+        dim3 block_nums((hne0 + block_dims.x - 1) / block_dims.x, (ne1 + block_dims.y - 1) / block_dims.y,
+                        (ne2 * ne3 + block_dims.z - 1) / block_dims.z);
+
+        const uint3 ne10 = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) cne1[0]);
+        const uint3 ne11 = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) cne1[1]);
+        const uint3 ne12 = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) cne1[2]);
+        const uint3 ne13 = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) cne1[3]);
+
+        if (block_nums.z > 65535 || block_nums.y > 65535) {
+            int         block_num  = (ne0 * ne1 * ne2 * ne3 + block_size - 1) / block_size;
+            const uint3 prod_012    = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) (ne0 * ne1 * ne2));
+            const uint3 prod_01     = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) (ne0 * ne1));
+            const uint3 ne0_fastdiv = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne0);
+            const uint3 ne1_fastdiv = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne1);
+            const uint3 ne2_fastdiv = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne2);
+
+            if constexpr (sizeof...(I) > 0) {
+                k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t><<<block_num, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
+                    src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0_fastdiv, ne1_fastdiv, ne2_fastdiv, ne3, prod_012, prod_01, ne10, ne11,
+                    ne12, ne13,
+                  /*s0,*/ s1,  s2,  s3,
+                    s00, s01, s02, s03,
+                    s10, s11, s12, s13, (const src1_t *) dst->src[I + 1]->data...);
+            } else {
+                k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t>
+                    <<<block_num, block_size, 0, stream>>>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0_fastdiv, ne1_fastdiv,
+                                                           ne2_fastdiv, ne3, prod_012, prod_01, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                                                         /*s0,*/ s1,  s2,  s3,
+                                                           s00, s01, s02, s03,
+                                                           s10, s11, s12, s13);
+            }
+        } else {
+            const uint3 ne3_fastdiv = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne3);
+            if constexpr (sizeof...(I) > 0) {
+                k_bin_bcast<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                    src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3_fastdiv, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                  /*s0,*/ s1, s2,  s3,
+                    s00 ,s01, s02, s03,
+                    s10, s11, s12, s13, (const src1_t *) dst->src[I + 1]->data...);
+            } else {
+                k_bin_bcast<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                    src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3_fastdiv, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                  /*s0,*/ s1,  s2,  s3,
+                    s00, s01, s02, s03,
+                    s10, s11, s12, s13);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -120,160 +345,14 @@ static __global__ void k_repeat_back(
     dst[tid3*ne2*ne1*ne0 + tid2*ne1*ne0 + tid1*ne0 + tid0] = sum;
 }
 
-template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float)>
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), int n_fuse = 1>
 struct bin_bcast_cuda {
     template<typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
     void operator()(const struct ggml_tensor * src0, const struct ggml_tensor * src1, struct ggml_tensor * dst,
             const src0_t * src0_dd, const src1_t * src1_dd, dst_t * dst_dd,
             cudaStream_t stream) {
-
-        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-        int nr0 = ne10/ne0;
-        int nr1 = ne11/ne1;
-        int nr2 = ne12/ne2;
-        int nr3 = ne13/ne3;
-
-        int nr[4] = { nr0, nr1, nr2, nr3 };
-
-        // collapse dimensions until first broadcast dimension
-        int64_t cne[] = {ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3};
-        int64_t cne0[] = {ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03};
-        int64_t cne1[] = {ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13};
-
-        size_t cnb[] = {nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3};
-        size_t cnb0[] = {nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03};
-        size_t cnb1[] = {nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13};
-
-        auto collapse = [](int64_t cne[]) {
-            cne[0] *= cne[1];
-            cne[1] = cne[2];
-            cne[2] = cne[3];
-            cne[3] = 1;
-        };
-
-        auto collapse_nb = [](size_t cnb[], const int64_t cne[]) {
-            cnb[1] *= cne[1];
-            cnb[2] *= cne[2];
-            cnb[3] *= cne[3];
-        };
-
-        if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                if (nr[i] != 1) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                if (i > 0) {
-                    collapse_nb(cnb, cne);
-                    collapse_nb(cnb0, cne0);
-                    collapse_nb(cnb1, cne1);
-                    collapse(cne);
-                    collapse(cne0);
-                    collapse(cne1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        {
-            int64_t ne0 = cne[0];
-            int64_t ne1 = cne[1];
-            int64_t ne2 = cne[2];
-            int64_t ne3 = cne[3];
-
-            //int64_t ne00 = cne0[0]; GGML_UNUSED(ne00);
-            //int64_t ne01 = cne0[1]; GGML_UNUSED(ne01);
-            //int64_t ne02 = cne0[2]; GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
-            //int64_t ne03 = cne0[3]; GGML_UNUSED(ne03);
-
-            int64_t ne10 = cne1[0];
-            int64_t ne11 = cne1[1];
-            int64_t ne12 = cne1[2];
-            int64_t ne13 = cne1[3];
-
-            size_t nb0 = cnb[0];
-            size_t nb1 = cnb[1];
-            size_t nb2 = cnb[2];
-            size_t nb3 = cnb[3];
-
-            size_t nb00 = cnb0[0];
-            size_t nb01 = cnb0[1];
-            size_t nb02 = cnb0[2];
-            size_t nb03 = cnb0[3];
-
-            size_t nb10 = cnb1[0];
-            size_t nb11 = cnb1[1];
-            size_t nb12 = cnb1[2];
-            size_t nb13 = cnb1[3];
-
-            size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
-            size_t s1 = nb1 / sizeof(dst_t);
-            size_t s2 = nb2 / sizeof(dst_t);
-            size_t s3 = nb3 / sizeof(dst_t);
-
-            size_t s10 = nb10 / sizeof(src1_t);
-            size_t s11 = nb11 / sizeof(src1_t);
-            size_t s12 = nb12 / sizeof(src1_t);
-            size_t s13 = nb13 / sizeof(src1_t);
-
-            size_t s00 = nb00 / sizeof(src0_t);
-            size_t s01 = nb01 / sizeof(src0_t);
-            size_t s02 = nb02 / sizeof(src0_t);
-            size_t s03 = nb03 / sizeof(src0_t);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb0 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb1 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb2 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb3 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb00 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb02 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb03 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb10 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb11 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb13 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(s0 == 1);
-            GGML_ASSERT(s00 == 1);
-            GGML_ASSERT(s10 == 1);
-
-            const int block_size = 128;
-
-            int64_t hne0 = std::max(ne0/2LL, 1LL);
-
-            dim3 block_dims;
-            block_dims.x = std::min<unsigned int>(hne0, block_size);
-            block_dims.y = std::min<unsigned int>(ne1, block_size / block_dims.x);
-            block_dims.z = std::min(std::min<unsigned int>(ne2*ne3, block_size / block_dims.x / block_dims.y), 64U);
-
-            dim3 block_nums(
-                (hne0 + block_dims.x - 1) / block_dims.x,
-                (ne1 + block_dims.y - 1) / block_dims.y,
-                (ne2*ne3 + block_dims.z - 1) / block_dims.z
-            );
-
-            if (block_nums.z > 65535) {
-                // this is the maximum number of blocks in z dimension, fallback to 1D grid kernel
-                int block_num = (ne0*ne1*ne2*ne3 + block_size - 1) / block_size;
-                k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op><<<block_num, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
-                    src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
-                    ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
-                    ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                    /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
-                    /* s00, */ s01, s02, s03,
-                    /* s10, */ s11, s12, s13);
-            } else {
-                k_bin_bcast<bin_op><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-                    src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
-                    ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
-                    ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                    /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
-                    /* s00, */ s01, s02, s03,
-                    /* s10, */ s11, s12, s13);
-            }
-        }
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t>(
+            src0, src1, dst, src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
     }
 };
 
@@ -312,7 +391,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast(
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_repeat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast<bin_bcast_cuda<op_repeat>>(dst, dst->src[0], dst, nullptr, dst->src[0]->data, dst->data, ctx.stream());
+    ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast<bin_bcast_cuda<op_repeat, 0>>(dst, dst->src[0], dst, nullptr, dst->src[0]->data, dst->data, ctx.stream());
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -331,6 +410,68 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_div(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast<bin_bcast_cuda<op_div>>(dst->src[0], dst->src[1], dst, dst->src[0]->data, dst->src[1]->data, dst->data, ctx.stream());
 }
 
+template <float (*op)(const float, const float), int n_fuse>
+static void ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, float, float, float>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const float *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (float *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, half, half, half>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const half *) src0->data, (const half *) src1->data, (half *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, half, float, half>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const half *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (half *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, half, float, float>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const half *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (float *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "%s: unsupported types for fusion: dst: %s, src0: %s, src1: %s\n",
+                __func__, ggml_type_name(dst->type), ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(src1->type));
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_fused_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, int n_fuse) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(2 <= n_fuse && n_fuse <= 8);
+
+    switch (n_fuse) {
+        case 2:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 2>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 3>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 4>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 5:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 5>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 6:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 6>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 7:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 7>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 8:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 8>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported n_fuse value");
+    }
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_repeat_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cuh
index 3ac1c9b03fc..62bc950111b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cuh
@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_mul(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_cuda_op_div(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_repeat_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_fused_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, int n_fuse);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh
index 364efcaeccc..36d8a3aaab2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-cuda.h"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -20,10 +21,12 @@
 #include "ggml-common.h"
 
 #include <array>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cfloat>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
@@ -47,6 +50,11 @@
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING          750
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE          800
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE    890
+// While BW spans CC 1000, 1100 & 1200, we are integrating Tensor Core instructions available to 1200 family, see
+// https://docs.nvidia.com/cutlass/media/docs/cpp/blackwell_functionality.html#blackwell-sm120-gemms
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_BLACKWELL       1200
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_DGX_SPARK       1210
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RUBIN           1300
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD      0x1000000
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS 0x0100000
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc)   (cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS)
@@ -56,7 +64,7 @@
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_GCN4       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x803)  // Tonga, Fiji, Polaris, minimum for fast fp16
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x900)  // Vega56/64, minimum for fp16 dual issue
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA20     (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x906)  // MI50/Radeon VII, minimum for dp4a
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x908)  // MI100, minimum for MFMA, acc registers
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA1      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x908)  // MI100, minimum for MFMA, acc registers
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x910)  // MI210, minimum acc register renameing
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x942)  // MI300
 
@@ -64,28 +72,38 @@
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1010) // RX 5000
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1030) // RX 6000, minimum for dp4a
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1100) // RX 7000, minimum for WMMA
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3_5    (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1150) // AI 370, AI Max 395 laptops.
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA4      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1200) // RX 9000
 
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)   (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA(cc)  (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA1(cc) (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA2(cc) (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc) (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA4)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc) (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA4)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_GCN(cc)   (cc > GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)  (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)     (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA(cc)    (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA1(cc)   (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA2(cc)   (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_0(cc) (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3_5)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_5(cc) (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3_5 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA4)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc)   (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_0(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_5(cc))
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)   (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA4)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_GCN(cc)     (cc > GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA1)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)    (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA1 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA1(cc)   (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA1 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA2)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA2(cc)   (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA2 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA3)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA3(cc)   (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA3 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1)
 
 // Moore Threads
-#define GGML_CUDA_MUSA_ARCH_IS_QY1 (__MUSA_ARCH__ <= 210)
+#define MUSART_HMASK 40300 // MUSA rc4.3, min. ver. for half2 -> uint mask comparisons
 
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY1  (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS + 0x210) // MTT S80, MTT S3000
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2  (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS + 0x220) // MTT S4000
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_NG   (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS + 0x310) // TBD
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY1 (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS + 0x210) // MTT S80, MTT S3000
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2 (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS + 0x220) // MTT S4000
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_PH1 (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS + 0x310) // MTT S5000
 
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc) (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD)
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_QY1(cc)      (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY1 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_QY2(cc)      (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_NG)
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NG(cc)       (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_NG)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_QY2(cc)      (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2 && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_PH1)
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_PH1(cc)      (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PH1)
+
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11070
+#    define GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+#endif  // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11070
 
 #ifdef __CUDA_ARCH_LIST__
 constexpr bool ggml_cuda_has_arch_impl(int) {
@@ -101,9 +119,9 @@ constexpr bool ggml_cuda_has_arch(const int arch) {
     return ggml_cuda_has_arch_impl(arch, __CUDA_ARCH_LIST__);
 }
 
-constexpr int ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch_impl(const int arch, const int cur) {
+constexpr int ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch_impl(const int /*arch*/, const int cur) {
     if (cur == 0) {
-        GGML_ABORT("ggml was not compiled with any CUDA arch <= %d", arch);
+        return -1;
     }
     return cur;
 }
@@ -177,110 +195,179 @@ static const char * cu_get_error_str(CUresult err) {
 #define CU_CHECK(err) CUDA_CHECK_GEN(err, CUDA_SUCCESS, cu_get_error_str)
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#    define CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT(kernel, nbytes)                                                       \
+        do {                                                                                                   \
+            static bool shared_memory_limit_raised[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = { false };                         \
+            const int   id                                                = ggml_cuda_get_device();            \
+            if (!shared_memory_limit_raised[id]) {                                                             \
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(kernel, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, nbytes)); \
+                shared_memory_limit_raised[id] = true;                                                         \
+            }                                                                                                  \
+        } while (0)
+#else
+#    define CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT(kernel, nbytes) \
+        do {                                             \
+            GGML_UNUSED(nbytes);                         \
+        } while (0)
+#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+
 #if CUDART_VERSION >= 11010 || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
 #define GGML_CUDA_ASSUME(x) __builtin_assume(x)
 #else
 #define GGML_CUDA_ASSUME(x)
 #endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 11010
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
-typedef half dfloat; // dequantize float
-typedef half2 dfloat2;
-#else
-typedef float dfloat; // dequantize float
-typedef float2 dfloat2;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
-
 #if (!defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)) || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM))
 #define GGML_USE_VMM
 #endif // (!defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)) || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM))
 
-#if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 #define FP16_AVAILABLE
-#endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 
 #if defined(FP16_AVAILABLE) && __CUDA_ARCH__ != 610
 #define FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
 #endif // defined(FP16_AVAILABLE) && __CUDA_ARCH__ != 610
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
-#define FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(CDNA) && !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_MMQ_MFMA)
+#define AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(CDNA) && !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_MMQ_MFMA)
+
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && (defined(RDNA4) || defined(RDNA3))
+#define AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(RDNA4)
+
+// The Volta instructions are in principle available on Turing or newer but they are effectively unusable:
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#define VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 
-#if defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && (defined(CDNA) || defined(RDNA3) || (defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN_GFX12) && defined(RDNA4)))
-#define FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#endif // defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && (defined(CDNA) || defined(RDNA3) || (defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN_GFX12) && defined(RDNA4)))
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
+#define TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
-#define NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+#define AMPERE_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_BLACKWELL && __CUDA_ARCH__ < GGML_CUDA_CC_RUBIN
+#    define BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_BLACKWELL
+
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 #define CP_ASYNC_AVAILABLE
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 
-#if !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_FA) && !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && GGML_CUDA_MUSA_ARCH_IS_QY1)
+#if !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_FA) && !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && __MUSA_ARCH__ < 220)
 #define FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-#endif // !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_FA) && !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && GGML_CUDA_MUSA_ARCH_IS_QY1)
+#endif // !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_FA) && !(defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && __MUSA_ARCH__ < 220)
+
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+#define LDMATRIX_TRANS_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
 static bool fp16_available(const int cc) {
-    return ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL;
+    return ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL ||
+        (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PH1);
 }
 
 static bool fast_fp16_available(const int cc) {
-    return (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && fp16_available(cc) && cc != 610) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc);
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc) ||
+        (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && fp16_available(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) != 610) ||
+        (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc) && fp16_available(cc));
 }
 
 // To be used for feature selection of external libraries, e.g. cuBLAS.
 static bool fast_fp16_hardware_available(const int cc) {
-    return (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL && cc != 610) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc);
-}
-
-// Any FP16 tensor core instructions are available for ggml code.
-static bool fp16_mma_available(const int cc) {
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__) && !defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
-    return false;
-#else
-    return (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA) ||
-        GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc);
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__) && !defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
+    return (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL && cc != 610) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc) ||
+        (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2);
 }
 
 // To be used for feature selection of external libraries, e.g. cuBLAS.
 static bool fp16_mma_hardware_available(const int cc) {
     return (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA) ||
-        GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc);
+        GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc) ||
+        (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2);
 }
 
-// Volta technically had FP16 tensor cores but they work very differently compared to Turing and later.
-static bool new_mma_available(const int cc) {
+static bool bf16_mma_hardware_available(const int cc) {
+    return (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE) ||
+        GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc) || cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3 ||
+        (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PH1);
+}
+
+static bool fp32_mma_hardware_available(const int cc) {
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc);
+}
+
+static bool amd_mfma_available(const int cc) {
+#if !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_MMQ_MFMA)
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc);
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif //!defined(GGML_HIP_NO_MMQ_MFMA)
+}
+
+static bool amd_wmma_available(const int cc) {
+    return (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc));
+}
+
+static bool volta_mma_available(const int cc) {
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA;
+}
+
+static bool turing_mma_available(const int cc) {
     return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING;
 }
 
+static bool ampere_mma_available(const int cc) {
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE;
+}
+
 static bool cp_async_available(const int cc) {
-    return cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE;
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE;
+}
+
+static bool blackwell_mma_available(const int cc) {
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_BLACKWELL &&
+           ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) < GGML_CUDA_CC_RUBIN;
 }
 
 static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size() {
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__) && (defined(__GFX9__) || defined(__GFX8__))
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && (defined(__GFX9__) || defined(__GFX8__))
     return 64;
 #else
     return 32;
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__) && (defined(__GFX9__) || defined(__GFX8__))
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && (defined(__GFX9__) || defined(__GFX8__))
+}
+
+// Maximum number of bytes that can be copied in a single instruction.
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes() {
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+    return 16;
+#else
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+    return 16;
+#else
+    return 8;
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
 }
 
+
 [[noreturn]]
 static __device__ void no_device_code(
     const char * file_name, const int line, const char * function_name, const int arch, const char * arch_list) {
 
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     printf("%s:%d: ERROR: HIP kernel %s has no device code compatible with HIP arch %d.\n",
            file_name, line, function_name, arch);
     GGML_UNUSED(arch_list);
 #else
     printf("%s:%d: ERROR: CUDA kernel %s has no device code compatible with CUDA arch %d. ggml-cuda.cu was compiled for: %s\n",
            file_name, line, function_name, arch, arch_list);
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     __trap();
 
     GGML_UNUSED(no_device_code); // suppress unused function warning
@@ -317,7 +404,7 @@ struct ggml_cuda_unroll<1> {
 
 template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_sum(int x) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
     return __reduce_add_sync(0xffffffff, x);
 #else
 #pragma unroll
@@ -325,7 +412,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_sum(int x) {
         x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width);
     }
     return x;
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 }
 
 template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
@@ -362,6 +449,32 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_sum(half2 a) {
 #endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
 }
 
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_all(int x) {
+    if (width == ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()) {
+        return __all_sync(0xffffffff, x);
+    } else {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+            x = __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width) && x;
+        }
+        return x;
+    }
+}
+
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_any(int x) {
+    if (width == ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()) {
+        return __any_sync(0xffffffff, x);
+    } else {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+            x = __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width) || x;
+        }
+        return x;
+    }
+}
+
 template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float warp_reduce_max(float x) {
 #pragma unroll
@@ -371,14 +484,141 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float warp_reduce_max(float x) {
     return x;
 }
 
+template<typename T, int width = WARP_SIZE>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ T warp_prefix_inclusive_sum(T x) {
+    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % width;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int offset = 1; offset < width; offset <<= 1) {
+        const T t = __shfl_up_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width);
+        if (lane_id >= offset) {
+            x += t;
+        }
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float2 warp_prefix_inclusive_sum(float2 a) {
+    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % width;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int offset = 1; offset < width; offset <<= 1) {
+        const float t_x = __shfl_up_sync(0xffffffff, a.x, offset, width);
+        const float t_y = __shfl_up_sync(0xffffffff, a.y, offset, width);
+        if (lane_id >= offset) {
+            a.x += t_x;
+            a.y += t_y;
+        }
+    }
+    return a;
+}
+
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_prefix_inclusive_sum(half2 a) {
+#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
+    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % width;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int offset = 1; offset < width; offset <<= 1) {
+        const half2 t = __shfl_up_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset, width);
+        if (lane_id >= offset) {
+            a = __hadd2(a, t);
+        }
+    }
+    return a;
+
+#else
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+    return a;
+#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
+}
+
+enum class block_reduce_method {
+    MAX,
+    SUM,
+};
+
+template<block_reduce_method method_t, typename T>
+struct block_reduce_policy;
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+inline constexpr bool is_any = (std::is_same_v<T, Ts> || ...);
+
+template<typename...>
+inline constexpr bool ggml_cuda_dependent_false_v = false;
+
+template <typename T> struct block_reduce_policy<block_reduce_method::SUM, T> {
+    static __device__ T reduce(T val) {
+        if constexpr(is_any<T, float, float2, half2, int>) {
+            return warp_reduce_sum(val);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_cuda_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce sum");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static __device__ T sentinel() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float2>) {
+            return make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half2>) {
+            return make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, int>) {
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_cuda_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce sum");
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct block_reduce_policy<block_reduce_method::MAX, T> {
+    static __device__ T reduce(T val) {
+        if constexpr (is_any<T, float, half2>) {
+            return warp_reduce_max(val);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_cuda_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce max");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static __device__ T sentinel() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+            return -INFINITY;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half2>) {
+            return make_half2(-INFINITY, -INFINITY);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_cuda_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce max");
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template <block_reduce_method reduce_method_t, const unsigned int block_size_template = 0, typename T>
+static __device__ T block_reduce(T val, T * shared_vals) {
+    val                           = block_reduce_policy<reduce_method_t, T>::reduce(val);
+    const unsigned int block_size = block_size_template == 0 ? blockDim.x : block_size_template;
+    if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
+        assert((block_size <= 1024) && (block_size % WARP_SIZE) == 0);
+        const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
+        const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
+        if (lane_id == 0) {
+            shared_vals[warp_id] = val;
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        val = block_reduce_policy<reduce_method_t, T>::sentinel();
+        if (lane_id < (static_cast<int>(block_size) / WARP_SIZE)) {
+            val = shared_vals[lane_id];
+        }
+        return block_reduce_policy<reduce_method_t, T>::reduce(val);
+    }
+
+    return val;
+}
+
 static __device__ __forceinline__ half ggml_cuda_hmax(const half a, const half b) {
 #ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMAX
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMAX
     return __float2half(fmaxf(__half2float(a), __half2float(b)));
 #else
     return __hmax(a, b);
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMAX
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMAX
 
 #else
    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
@@ -388,25 +628,21 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half ggml_cuda_hmax(const half a, const half b
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 ggml_cuda_hmax2(const half2 a, const half2 b) {
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 50700000
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     return half2(__hmax(a.x, b.x), __hmax(a.y, b.y));
-#elif !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && CUDART_VERSION >= CUDART_HMAX
+#elif CUDART_VERSION >= CUDART_HMAX
     return __hmax2(a, b);
-#elif !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+#else
     half2 ret;
     reinterpret_cast<half&>(ret.x) = __float2half(fmaxf( __low2float(a),  __low2float(b)));
     reinterpret_cast<half&>(ret.y) = __float2half(fmaxf(__high2float(a), __high2float(b)));
     return ret;
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(a);
-    GGML_UNUSED(b);
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
 #endif
 }
 
 template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_max(half2 x) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 50700000)
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL || defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 #pragma unroll
    for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
        x = ggml_cuda_hmax2(x, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width));
@@ -415,19 +651,20 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_max(half2 x) {
 #else
    GGML_UNUSED(x);
    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 50700000)
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL || defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 }
 
-#if CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMASK
+#if (defined(CUDART_VERSION) && CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMASK) || defined(GGML_USE_HIP) || \
+    (defined(MUSART_VERSION) && MUSART_VERSION < MUSART_HMASK)
 static __device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t __hgt2_mask(const half2 a, const half2 b) {
     const uint32_t mask_low  = 0x0000FFFF * (float( __low2half(a)) > float( __low2half(b)));
     const uint32_t mask_high = 0xFFFF0000 * (float(__high2half(a)) > float(__high2half(b)));
     return mask_low | mask_high;
 }
-#endif // CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMASK
+#endif // (defined(CUDART_VERSION) && CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMASK) || defined(GGML_USE_HIP) || (defined(MUSART_VERSION) && MUSART_VERSION < MUSART_HMASK)
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ int ggml_cuda_dp4a(const int a, const int b, int c) {
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 #if defined(CDNA) || defined(RDNA2) || defined(__gfx906__)
     c = __builtin_amdgcn_sdot4(a, b, c, false);
 #elif defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA4)
@@ -453,7 +690,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ int ggml_cuda_dp4a(const int a, const int b, i
 #endif
     return c;
 
-#else // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#else // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
     return __dp4a(a, b, c);
@@ -463,10 +700,173 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ int ggml_cuda_dp4a(const int a, const int b, i
     return c + a8[0]*b8[0] + a8[1]*b8[1] + a8[2]*b8[2] + a8[3]*b8[3];
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_DP4A || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
 
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void ggml_cuda_mad(float & acc, const float v, const float u) {
+    acc += v*u;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void ggml_cuda_mad(float & acc, const float2 v, const float2 u) {
+    acc += v.x*u.x;
+    acc += v.y*u.y;
+}
+
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && (defined(RDNA2) || defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA4) || defined(__gfx906__) || defined(CDNA))
+#define V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && (defined(RDNA2) || defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA4) || defined(__gfx906__) || defined(CDNA))
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void ggml_cuda_mad(float & acc, const half2 v, const half2 u) {
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+    asm volatile("v_dot2_f32_f16 %0, %1, %2, %0" : "+v"(acc) : "v"(v), "v"(u));
+#else
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    const float2 tmp = __half22float2(v*u);
+    acc += tmp.x + tmp.y;
+#else
+    const float2 tmpv = __half22float2(v);
+    const float2 tmpu = __half22float2(u);
+    acc += tmpv.x * tmpu.x;
+    acc += tmpv.y * tmpu.y;
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
 }
 
-typedef void (*dequantize_kernel_t)(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void ggml_cuda_mad(half2 & acc, const half2 v, const half2 u) {
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    acc += v*u;
+#else
+    const float2 tmpv = __half22float2(v);
+    const float2 tmpu = __half22float2(u);
+    float2 tmpacc = __half22float2(acc);
+    tmpacc.x += tmpv.x * tmpu.x;
+    tmpacc.y += tmpv.y * tmpu.y;
+    acc = make_half2(tmpacc.x, tmpacc.y);
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+}
+
+// Aligned memory transfers of 8/16 bytes can be faster than 2 transfers with 4 bytes, especially on AMD.
+// Important: do not use this function if dst and src both point at registers.
+//     Due to the strict aliasing rule the compiler can do incorrect optimizations if src and dst have different types.
+//     The function is intended for copies between registers and SRAM/VRAM to make the compiler emit the right instructions.
+//     If dst and src point at different address spaces then they are guaranteed to not be aliased.
+template <int nbytes, int alignment = 0>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void ggml_cuda_memcpy_1(void * __restrict__ dst, const void * __restrict__ src) {
+    static_assert(
+        nbytes <= ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes() || alignment == 0,
+        "You are misusing the alignment parameter for ggml_cuda_memcpy_1. "
+        "The intent is for the parameter is only as a workaround if either one of the pointers is not properly aligned. "
+        "If you use it to do more bytes per copy than ggml_cuda_max_cpy_bytes() the reads and writes may not be coalesced. "
+        "Call ggml_cuda_memcpy_1 in a loop instead.");
+    if constexpr (alignment != 0) {
+        static_assert(nbytes % alignment == 0, "bad alignment");
+    }
+    constexpr int nb_per_cpy = alignment == 0 ? nbytes : alignment;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < nbytes/nb_per_cpy; ++i) {
+        if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 1) {
+            ((char *) dst)[i] = ((const char *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 2) {
+            ((short *) dst)[i] = ((const short *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 4) {
+            ((int *) dst)[i] = ((const int *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 8) {
+            ((int2 *) dst)[i] = ((const int2 *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 16) {
+            ((int4 *) dst)[i] = ((const int4 *) src)[i];
+        } else {
+            static_assert(nbytes == 0 && nbytes == -1, "bad nbytes");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
+#if CUDART_VERSION >= 12080
+    const nv_bfloat16 e = __nv_cvt_e8m0_to_bf16raw(x);
+    return (float) e;
+#else
+    uint32_t bits;
+    if (x == 0) {
+        bits = 0x00400000;
+    } else {
+        bits = (uint32_t) x << 23;
+    }
+
+    float result;
+    memcpy(&result, &bits, sizeof(float));
+    return result;
+#endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 12050
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ uint8_t ggml_cuda_float_to_fp4_e2m1(float x, float e) {
+    const uint8_t sign_bit = (x < 0.0f) << 3;
+    float         ax       = fabsf(x) * e;
+
+    // Positive LUT
+    static constexpr float pos_lut[8] = { 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.5f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f, 6.0f };
+
+    int   best_i   = 0;
+    float best_err = fabsf(ax - pos_lut[0]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 1; i < 8; ++i) {
+        const float err = fabsf(ax - pos_lut[i]);
+        if (err < best_err) {
+            best_err = err;
+            best_i   = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(best_i | sign_bit);
+}
+
+// See https://gmplib.org/~tege/divcnst-pldi94.pdf figure 4.1.
+// Precompute mp (m' in the paper) and L such that division
+// can be computed using a multiply (high 32b of 64b result)
+// and a shift:
+//
+// n/d = (mulhi(n, mp) + n) >> L;
+static const uint3 init_fastdiv_values(uint64_t d_64) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_64 != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_64 <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+
+    uint32_t d = (uint32_t)d_64;
+
+    // compute L = ceil(log2(d));
+    uint32_t L = 0;
+    while (L < 32 && (uint32_t{ 1 } << L) < d) {
+        L++;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mp = (uint32_t) ((uint64_t{ 1 } << 32) * ((uint64_t{ 1 } << L) - d) / d + 1);
+    // pack divisor as well to reduce error surface
+    return make_uint3(mp, L, d);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t fastdiv(uint32_t n, const uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    // expects fastdiv_values to contain <mp, L, divisor> in <x, y, z>
+    // fastdiv_values.z is unused and optimized away by the compiler.
+    // Compute high 32 bits of n * mp
+    const uint32_t hi = __umulhi(n, fastdiv_values.x);
+    // add n, apply bit shift
+    return (hi + n) >> fastdiv_values.y;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t fastmodulo(uint32_t n, const uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    // expects  fastdiv_values to contain <mp, L, divisor> in <x, y, z> (see init_fastdiv_values)
+    return n - fastdiv(n, fastdiv_values) * fastdiv_values.z;
+}
+
+// Calculate both division and modulo at once, returns <n/divisor, n%divisor>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ uint2 fast_div_modulo(uint32_t n, const uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    // expects  fastdiv_values to contain <mp, L, divisor> in <x, y, z> (see init_fastdiv_values)
+    const uint32_t div_val = fastdiv(n, fastdiv_values);
+    const uint32_t mod_val = n - div_val * fastdiv_values.z;
+    return make_uint2(div_val, mod_val);
+}
+
+typedef void (*dequantize_kernel_t)(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, float2 & v);
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float get_alibi_slope(
     const float max_bias, const uint32_t h, const uint32_t n_head_log2, const float m0, const float m1
@@ -524,6 +924,13 @@ struct ggml_cuda_type_traits<GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> {
     static constexpr int qi = QI8_0;
 };
 
+template<>
+struct ggml_cuda_type_traits<GGML_TYPE_MXFP4> {
+    static constexpr int qk = QK_MXFP4;
+    static constexpr int qr = QR_MXFP4;
+    static constexpr int qi = QI_MXFP4;
+};
+
 template<>
 struct ggml_cuda_type_traits<GGML_TYPE_Q2_K> {
     static constexpr int qk = QK_K;
@@ -628,15 +1035,16 @@ struct ggml_cuda_device_info {
     int device_count;
 
     struct cuda_device_info {
-        int     cc;                 // compute capability
-        int     nsm;                // number of streaming multiprocessors
-        size_t  smpb;               // max. shared memory per block
-        size_t  smpbo;              // max. shared memory per block (with opt-in)
-        bool    integrated;         // Device is integrated as opposed to discrete
-        bool    vmm;                // virtual memory support
-        size_t  vmm_granularity;    // granularity of virtual memory
+        int     cc;                             // compute capability
+        int     nsm;                            // number of streaming multiprocessors
+        size_t  smpb;                           // max. shared memory per block
+        size_t  smpbo;                          // max. shared memory per block (with opt-in)
+        bool    integrated;                     // Device is integrated as opposed to discrete
+        bool    vmm;                            // virtual memory support
+        size_t  vmm_granularity;                // granularity of virtual memory
         size_t  total_vram;
-        int     warp_size;          // Number of threads in a dispatch
+        int     warp_size;                      // Number of threads in a dispatch
+        bool    supports_cooperative_launch;    // whether cooperative launch is supported
     };
 
     cuda_device_info devices[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {};
@@ -709,19 +1117,23 @@ struct ggml_tensor_extra_gpu {
 };
 
 
-#if (defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS) || defined(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS))
+#if (defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS) || defined(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS)) || defined(GGML_MUSA_GRAPHS)
 #define USE_CUDA_GRAPH
 #endif
 
-struct ggml_graph_node_properties {
-    void * node_address;
+struct ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties {
+    void * node_data;
     ggml_op node_op;
+    enum ggml_type node_type;
+    int32_t flags;
     int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
     size_t nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-    void * src_address[GGML_MAX_SRC];
+    void * src_data[GGML_MAX_SRC];
     int32_t op_params[GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t)];
 };
 
+static_assert(std::is_trivial<ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties>::value, "ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties must be trivial");
+
 struct ggml_cuda_graph {
 #ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
     ~ggml_cuda_graph() {
@@ -736,22 +1148,174 @@ struct ggml_cuda_graph {
     cudaGraphExec_t instance = nullptr;
     size_t num_nodes = 0;
     std::vector<cudaGraphNode_t> nodes;
-    std::vector<cudaKernelNodeParams> params;
     bool disable_due_to_gpu_arch = false;
-    bool disable_due_to_too_many_updates = false;
-    bool disable_due_to_failed_graph_capture = false;
-    int number_consecutive_updates = 0;
-    std::vector<ggml_graph_node_properties> ggml_graph_properties;
-    bool use_cpy_indirection = false;
-    std::vector<char *> cpy_dest_ptrs;
-    char ** dest_ptrs_d;
-    int dest_ptrs_size = 0;
-    // Index to allow each cpy kernel to be aware of it's position within the graph
-    // relative to other cpy nodes.
-    int graph_cpynode_index = -1;
+    bool warmup_complete = false;
+    std::vector<ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties> props;
+
+    // these are extra tensors (inputs) that participate in the ggml graph but are not nodes
+    // they properties also have to match in order to be able to safely reuse a CUDA graph
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18583
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/19165
+    std::vector<ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties> extra;
+
+    bool is_enabled() const {
+        static const bool disable_cuda_graphs_due_to_env = (getenv("GGML_CUDA_DISABLE_GRAPHS") != nullptr);
+        return !(disable_due_to_gpu_arch || disable_cuda_graphs_due_to_env);
+    }
 #endif
 };
 
+struct ggml_cuda_concurrent_event {
+    std::vector<cudaEvent_t> join_events;
+    cudaEvent_t              fork_event = nullptr;
+
+    int                                          n_streams = 0;
+    std::unordered_map<const ggml_tensor *, int> stream_mapping;
+
+    // Original order of nodes in this concurrent region (before interleaving)
+    // Used to restore grouping for fusion within streams
+    std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> original_order;
+
+    const ggml_tensor * join_node;
+
+    ggml_cuda_concurrent_event() = default;
+
+    ggml_cuda_concurrent_event(const ggml_cuda_concurrent_event &) = delete;
+    ggml_cuda_concurrent_event & operator=(const ggml_cuda_concurrent_event &) = delete;
+
+    explicit ggml_cuda_concurrent_event(int n_streams) : n_streams(n_streams) {
+        join_events.resize(n_streams);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < join_events.size(); ++i) {
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaEventCreateWithFlags(&join_events[i], cudaEventDisableTiming));
+        }
+
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaEventCreateWithFlags(&fork_event, cudaEventDisableTiming));
+    }
+
+    ggml_cuda_concurrent_event(ggml_cuda_concurrent_event && other) noexcept
+    : join_events(std::move(other.join_events))
+    , fork_event(other.fork_event)
+    , n_streams(other.n_streams)
+    , stream_mapping(std::move(other.stream_mapping))
+    , original_order(std::move(other.original_order))
+    , join_node(other.join_node) {
+        other.fork_event = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // 1. check if any branches write to overlapping memory ranges (except the join node)
+    // 2. check whether all srcs are either within the branch or outside the nodes covered by ggml_cuda_concurrent_event
+    // we assume all nodes have the same buffer
+    bool is_valid() const {
+        std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int64_t, int64_t>>> write_ranges;
+        write_ranges.resize(n_streams);
+
+        // get join_node's memory range to exclude from overlap checking.
+        // multiple nodes can use join_node's buffer; we synchronize on the join node.
+        const ggml_tensor * join_t     = join_node->view_src ? join_node->view_src : join_node;
+        const int64_t       join_start = (int64_t) join_t->data;
+        const int64_t       join_end   = join_start + ggml_nbytes(join_t);
+
+        for (const auto & [tensor, stream] : stream_mapping) {
+            const ggml_tensor * t = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src : tensor;
+            const int64_t       t_start = (int64_t) t->data;
+            const int64_t       t_end   = t_start + ggml_nbytes(t);
+
+            // skip tensors that overlap with join_node's buffer.
+            if ((t_start <= join_start && join_start < t_end) || (join_start <= t_start && t_start < join_end)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // concurrent streams begin from 1
+            write_ranges[stream - 1].emplace_back(t_start, t_end);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_streams; ++i) {
+            // sorts first by start then by end of write range
+            std::sort(write_ranges[i].begin(), write_ranges[i].end());
+        }
+
+        bool writes_overlap = false;
+        bool dependent_srcs = false;
+        for (const auto & [tensor, stream] : stream_mapping) {
+            const ggml_tensor * t = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src : tensor;
+            const int64_t       t_start = (int64_t) t->data;
+            const int64_t       t_end   = t_start + ggml_nbytes(t);
+
+            // skip tensors that overlap with join_node's buffer
+            if ((t_start <= join_start && join_start < t_end) || (join_start <= t_start && t_start < join_end)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // check if this buffer's write data overlaps with another stream's
+            std::pair<int64_t, int64_t> data_range = std::make_pair(t_start, t_end);
+            for (int i = 0; i < n_streams; ++i) {
+                if (i == stream - 1) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto it = std::lower_bound(write_ranges[i].begin(), write_ranges[i].end(), data_range);
+
+                if (it != write_ranges[i].end()) {
+                    const std::pair<int64_t, int64_t> & other = *it;
+
+                    // std::lower_bound returns the first element where other >= data_range (lexicographically).
+                    // This guarantees other.first >= data_range.first.
+                    // Therefore, overlap occurs iff other.first < data_range.second
+                    // (i.e., the other range starts before this range ends).
+                    if (other.first < data_range.second) {
+                        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Writes overlap for %s", tensor->name);
+                        writes_overlap = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            //check if all srcs are either in branch or don't have a branch
+            for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++i) {
+                if (!tensor->src[i]) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                auto it = stream_mapping.find(tensor->src[i]);
+
+                if (it == stream_mapping.end()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (it->second != stream) {
+                    dependent_srcs = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (dependent_srcs || writes_overlap) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return !writes_overlap && !dependent_srcs;
+    }
+
+    ~ggml_cuda_concurrent_event() {
+        if (fork_event != nullptr) {
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaEventDestroy(fork_event));
+        }
+        for (cudaEvent_t e : join_events) {
+            if (e != nullptr) {
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaEventDestroy(e));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_cuda_stream_context {
+    std::unordered_map<const ggml_tensor *, ggml_cuda_concurrent_event> concurrent_events;
+
+    void reset() {
+        concurrent_events.clear();
+    }
+};
+
 struct ggml_backend_cuda_context {
     int device;
     std::string name;
@@ -760,13 +1324,51 @@ struct ggml_backend_cuda_context {
     cudaStream_t streams[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES][GGML_CUDA_MAX_STREAMS] = { { nullptr } };
     cublasHandle_t cublas_handles[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {nullptr};
 
-    std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_graph> cuda_graph;
+    int curr_stream_no = 0;
+
+#ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+    // Map from first_node_ptr to cuda_graph - allows multiple graphs per context
+    // when the computation is split across CPU/GPU (e.g., with --n-cpu-moe)
+    std::unordered_map<const void *, std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_graph>> cuda_graphs;
+
+    ggml_cuda_graph * cuda_graph(const void * first_node_ptr) {
+        auto it = cuda_graphs.find(first_node_ptr);
+        if (it == cuda_graphs.end()) {
+            cuda_graphs[first_node_ptr] = std::make_unique<ggml_cuda_graph>();
+            return cuda_graphs[first_node_ptr].get();
+        }
+        return it->second.get();
+    }
+
+    // Check if any CUDA graph is enabled for this context (used by kernels that need to know
+    // if graphs are in use without having access to the specific graph key)
+    bool any_cuda_graph_enabled() const {
+        for (const auto & [key, graph] : cuda_graphs) {
+            if (graph && graph->is_enabled()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check if any CUDA graph has an instance for this context
+    bool any_cuda_graph_has_instance() const {
+        for (const auto & [key, graph] : cuda_graphs) {
+            if (graph && graph->instance != nullptr) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
 
     explicit ggml_backend_cuda_context(int device) :
         device(device),
         name(GGML_CUDA_NAME + std::to_string(device)) {
     }
 
+    ggml_cuda_stream_context concurrent_stream_context;
+
     ~ggml_backend_cuda_context();
 
     cudaStream_t stream(int device, int stream) {
@@ -777,9 +1379,9 @@ struct ggml_backend_cuda_context {
         return streams[device][stream];
     }
 
-    cudaStream_t stream() {
-        return stream(device, 0);
-    }
+    cudaStream_t stream() { return stream(device, curr_stream_no); }
+
+    ggml_cuda_stream_context & stream_context() { return concurrent_stream_context; }
 
     cublasHandle_t cublas_handle(int device) {
         if (cublas_handles[device] == nullptr) {
@@ -795,18 +1397,31 @@ struct ggml_backend_cuda_context {
     }
 
     // pool
-    std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool> pools[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES];
+    std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool> pools[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES][GGML_CUDA_MAX_STREAMS];
 
-    static std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool> new_pool_for_device(int device);
+    static std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool> new_pool_for_device(int device, int stream_no);
 
     ggml_cuda_pool & pool(int device) {
-        if (pools[device] == nullptr) {
-            pools[device] = new_pool_for_device(device);
+        if (pools[device][curr_stream_no] == nullptr) {
+            pools[device][curr_stream_no] = new_pool_for_device(device, curr_stream_no);
         }
-        return *pools[device];
+        return *pools[device][curr_stream_no];
     }
 
     ggml_cuda_pool & pool() {
         return pool(device);
     }
 };
+
+struct ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host {
+    const ggml_tensor * x_bias = nullptr;
+    const ggml_tensor * gate = nullptr;
+    const ggml_tensor * gate_bias = nullptr;
+    ggml_glu_op glu_op;
+};
+struct ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device {
+    const void * x_bias = nullptr;
+    const void * gate = nullptr;
+    const void * gate_bias = nullptr;
+    ggml_glu_op glu_op;
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv-transpose-1d.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv-transpose-1d.cu
index fe4caf674d4..8418ba66731 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv-transpose-1d.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv-transpose-1d.cu
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ static  __global__ void conv_transpose_1d_kernel(
         }
     }
     dst[global_index] = accumulator;
-    GGML_UNUSED(p0); GGML_UNUSED(d0); GGML_UNUSED(src0_ne3);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ne3); GGML_UNUSED(dst_ne3);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ne1); GGML_UNUSED(dst_ne1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ne2); GGML_UNUSED(dst_ne2);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(p0, d0, src0_ne3, src1_ne3, dst_ne3, src1_ne1, dst_ne1, src1_ne2, dst_ne2);
 }
 
 static void conv_transpose_1d_f32_f32_cuda(
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..142dd66903a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#include "conv2d.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+
+struct conv_params {
+    const int64_t IW, IH;
+    const int64_t OW, OH;
+    const int64_t KW, KH;
+    const int64_t ST_X, ST_Y;
+    const int64_t PD_X, PD_Y;
+    const int64_t DL_X, DL_Y;
+    const int64_t IC, OC;
+    const int64_t B;
+    const int64_t TOTAL;
+};
+
+struct kernel_bounds {
+    int64_t y_min, y_max;
+    int64_t x_min, x_max;
+};
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int64_t max64(int64_t a, int64_t b) {
+    return (a > b) ? a : b;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int64_t min64(int64_t a, int64_t b) {
+    return (a < b) ? a : b;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ kernel_bounds calculate_kernel_bounds(int64_t out_x, int64_t out_y, const conv_params & P) {
+    kernel_bounds bounds;
+    bounds.y_min = max64(0, (P.PD_Y - out_y * P.ST_Y + P.DL_Y - 1) / P.DL_Y);
+    bounds.y_max = min64(P.KH, (P.IH + P.PD_Y - out_y * P.ST_Y + P.DL_Y - 1) / P.DL_Y);
+    bounds.x_min = max64(0, (P.PD_X - out_x * P.ST_X + P.DL_X - 1) / P.DL_X);
+    bounds.x_max = min64(P.KW, (P.IW + P.PD_X - out_x * P.ST_X + P.DL_X - 1) / P.DL_X);
+    return bounds;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int calculate_input_coord(int64_t out_coord,
+                                                     int64_t kern_coord,
+                                                     int64_t stride,
+                                                     int64_t dilation,
+                                                     int64_t padding) {
+    return out_coord * stride + kern_coord * dilation - padding;
+}
+
+struct whcn_layout {
+    __device__ static int64_t input_index(int64_t n, int64_t c, int64_t y, int64_t x, const conv_params & P) {
+        return n * (P.IC * P.IW * P.IH) + c * P.IW * P.IH + y * P.IW + x;
+    }
+
+    __device__ static int64_t kernel_index(int64_t c_out, int64_t c_in, int64_t ky, int64_t kx, const conv_params & P) {
+        return c_out * (P.IC * P.KH * P.KW) + c_in * (P.KH * P.KW) + ky * P.KW + kx;
+    }
+
+    __device__ static int64_t output_index(int64_t n, int64_t c, int64_t y, int64_t x, const conv_params & P) {
+        return n * (P.OC * P.OW * P.OH) + c * P.OW * P.OH + y * P.OW + x;
+    }
+
+    __device__ static void unpack_indices(int64_t             global_idx,
+                                          const conv_params & P,
+                                          int64_t &           n,
+                                          int64_t &           c,
+                                          int64_t &           out_y,
+                                          int64_t &           out_x) {
+        out_x = global_idx % P.OW;
+        out_y = (global_idx / P.OW) % P.OH;
+        c     = (global_idx / (P.OW * P.OH)) % P.OC;
+        n     = global_idx / (P.OW * P.OH * P.OC);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Layout>
+static __global__ void conv2d_kernel(const float * __restrict__ input,
+                                     const T * __restrict__ kernel,
+                                     float * __restrict__ output,
+                                     const conv_params P) {
+    const int64_t global_idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (global_idx >= P.TOTAL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int64_t n, c_out, out_y, out_x;
+    Layout::unpack_indices(global_idx, P, n, c_out, out_y, out_x);
+
+    float acc = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int64_t c_in = 0; c_in < P.IC; ++c_in) {
+        kernel_bounds bounds = calculate_kernel_bounds(out_x, out_y, P);
+
+        for (int64_t ky = bounds.y_min; ky < bounds.y_max; ++ky) {
+            const int64_t in_y = calculate_input_coord(out_y, ky, P.ST_Y, P.DL_Y, P.PD_Y);
+
+            for (int64_t kx = bounds.x_min; kx < bounds.x_max; ++kx) {
+                const int64_t in_x = calculate_input_coord(out_x, kx, P.ST_X, P.DL_X, P.PD_X);
+
+                const float input_val = input[Layout::input_index(n, c_in, in_y, in_x, P)];
+                const T kernel_val = kernel[Layout::kernel_index(c_out, c_in, ky, kx, P)];
+                acc += (input_val * ggml_cuda_cast<float>(kernel_val));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // [N, OC, OH, OW]
+    output[Layout::output_index(n, c_out, out_y, out_x, P)] = acc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void conv2d_cuda(const float * X_D, const T * K_D, float * Y_D, const conv_params P, cudaStream_t st) {
+    const int blocks = (P.TOTAL + CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    conv2d_kernel<T, whcn_layout><<<blocks, CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, st>>>(X_D, K_D, Y_D, P);
+}
+
+static void conv2d_cuda_f16(const float * X_D, const half * K_D, float * Y_D, const conv_params P, cudaStream_t st) {
+    conv2d_cuda<half>(X_D, K_D, Y_D, P, st);
+}
+
+static void conv2d_cuda_f32(const float * X_D, const float * K_D, float * Y_D, const conv_params P, cudaStream_t st) {
+    conv2d_cuda<float>(X_D, K_D, Y_D, P, st);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_conv2d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * kernel = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * input  = dst->src[1];
+    float *             K_D    = (float *) kernel->data;
+    const float *       X_D    = (const float *) input->data;
+    float *             Y_D    = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(kernel));
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || kernel->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    // same number of input channels
+    GGML_ASSERT(input->ne[2] == kernel->ne[2]);
+
+    cudaStream_t st = ctx.stream();
+
+    const int32_t * p    = (const int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    const int       ST_X = p[0];  // stride_x
+    const int       ST_Y = p[1];  // stride_y
+    const int       PD_X = p[2];  // padding_x
+    const int       PD_Y = p[3];  // padding_y
+    const int       DL_X = p[4];  // dilation_x
+    const int       DL_Y = p[5];  // dilation_y
+
+    // No cwhn
+    GGML_ASSERT(p[6] == false);
+
+    const int IW = input->ne[0];   // input_w
+    const int IH = input->ne[1];   // input_h
+    const int OW = dst->ne[0];     // output_w
+    const int OH = dst->ne[1];     // output_h
+    const int KW = kernel->ne[0];  // kernel_w
+    const int KH = kernel->ne[1];  // kernel_h
+    const int IC = input->ne[2];   // input_channels
+    const int OC = kernel->ne[3];  // ouptut_chanles
+    const int B  = input->ne[3];   // n_batches
+
+    const int64_t total  = B * OC * OH * OW;
+    conv_params   params = { IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, ST_X, ST_Y, PD_X, PD_Y, DL_X, DL_Y, IC, OC, B, total };
+
+    if (kernel->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        conv2d_cuda_f16(X_D, (half *) K_D, Y_D, params, st);
+    } else {
+        conv2d_cuda_f32(X_D, K_D, Y_D, params, st);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce4802c7ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+void ggml_cuda_op_conv2d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cu
index c6dec4276b3..b70492c7d6c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cu
@@ -6,24 +6,38 @@
 #define CUDA_Q8_0_NE_ALIGN 2048
 
 template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
-static __global__ void dequantize_block(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t k) {
-    const int64_t i = (int64_t)2*(blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x);
+static __global__ void dequantize_block(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01,
+        const int64_t ne0203, const uint3 ne02,
+        const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03) {
+    const int64_t i00 = 2 * (int64_t(blockDim.x)*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x);
 
-    if (i >= k) {
+    if (i00 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const int64_t ib = i/qk; // block index
-    const int64_t iqs = (i%qk)/qr; // quant index
-    const int64_t iybs = i - i%qk; // y block start index
-    const int64_t y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
+    for (int64_t i01 = blockIdx.y; i01 < ne01; i01 += gridDim.y) {
+        for (int64_t i0203 = blockIdx.z; i0203 < ne0203; i0203 += gridDim.z) {
+            const uint2 dm = fast_div_modulo((uint32_t)i0203, ne02);
+            const int64_t i02 = dm.y;
+            const int64_t i03 = dm.x;
+
+            const int64_t ibx0 = i03*s03 + i02*s02 + i01*s01;
 
-    // dequantize
-    dfloat2 v;
-    dequantize_kernel(vx, ib, iqs, v);
+            const int64_t ib = ibx0 + i00/qk; // block index
+            const int64_t iqs = (i00%qk)/qr; // quant index
+            const int64_t iybs = i00 - i00%qk; // y block start index
+            const int64_t y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
 
-    y[iybs + iqs + 0]        = v.x;
-    y[iybs + iqs + y_offset] = v.y;
+            // dequantize
+            float2 v;
+            dequantize_kernel(vx, ib, iqs, v);
+
+            const int64_t iy0 = (i0203*ne01 + i01)*ne00 + iybs + iqs;
+            y[iy0 + 0]        = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.x);
+            y[iy0 + y_offset] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.y);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 template <bool need_check>
@@ -62,9 +76,7 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q8_0_f16(const void * __restrict__ vx, h
         y2[iy/2 + threadIdx.x] = __hmul2(make_half2(qs.x, qs.y), __half2half2(d));
     }
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(vx);
-    GGML_UNUSED(y);
-    GGML_UNUSED(k);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(vx, y, k);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 }
@@ -456,10 +468,38 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_iq4_xs(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst
     }
 }
 
+template<typename dst_t>
+static __global__ void dequantize_block_mxfp4(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ yy) {
+
+    const int64_t i   = blockIdx.x;
+    const block_mxfp4 * x = (const block_mxfp4 *) vx + i*(QK_K/QK_MXFP4);
+
+    const int64_t tid = threadIdx.x;
+    const int64_t il = tid/8; // 0...3
+    const int64_t ib = tid%8; // 0...7
+    dst_t * y = yy + i*QK_K + 32*ib + 4*il;
+    const uint8_t  * q4 = x[ib].qs + 4*il;
+    const float d = ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(x[ib].e);
+    for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
+        y[j+ 0] = d * kvalues_mxfp4[q4[j] & 0xf]*0.5f;
+        y[j+16] = d * kvalues_mxfp4[q4[j] >>  4]*0.5f;
+    }
+}
+
 template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
-static void dequantize_block_cuda(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + 2*CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    dequantize_block<qk, qr, dequantize_kernel><<<num_blocks, CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(vx, y, k);
+static void dequantize_block_cuda(const void * vx, dst_t * y,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t ne0203 = ne02*ne03;
+    const uint3 ne02_fdv = init_fastdiv_values(ne02);
+    const dim3 num_blocks((ne00 + 2*CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE), (int)std::min(ne01, (int64_t)65535), (int)std::min(ne0203, (int64_t)65535));
+    dequantize_block<qk, qr, dequantize_kernel><<<num_blocks, CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
+        (vx, y, ne00, ne01, ne0203, ne02_fdv, s01, s02, s03);
+}
+
+template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
+static void dequantize_block_cont_cuda(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    dequantize_block_cuda<qk, qr, dequantize_kernel, dst_t>(vx, y, k, 1, 1, 1, k/qk, k/qk, k/qk, stream);
 }
 
 static void dequantize_block_q8_0_f16_cuda(const void * __restrict__ vx, half * __restrict__ y, const int64_t k, cudaStream_t stream) {
@@ -571,9 +611,16 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq4_xs_cuda(const void * vx, dst_t * y, const int64_t
     dequantize_block_iq4_xs<<<nb, 32, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
 }
 
+template<typename dst_t>
+static void dequantize_row_mxfp4_cuda(const void * vx, dst_t * y, const int64_t k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int nb = (k + QK_K - 1) / QK_K;
+    dequantize_block_mxfp4<<<nb, 32, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+}
+
 template <typename src_t, typename dst_t>
 static __global__ void convert_unary(
-        const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+        const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01,
+        const int64_t ne0203, const uint3 ne02,
         const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03) {
     const int64_t i00 = (int64_t)blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
@@ -581,24 +628,30 @@ static __global__ void convert_unary(
         return;
     }
 
-    const int64_t i01 = blockIdx.y;
-    const int64_t i02 = blockIdx.z % ne02;
-    const int64_t i03 = blockIdx.z / ne02;
-
     const src_t * x = (const src_t *) vx;
 
-    const int64_t ix = i03*s03 + i02*s02 + i01*s01 + i00;
-    const int64_t iy = ((i03*ne02 + i02)*ne01 + i01)*ne00 + i00;
-    y[iy] = float(x[ix]);
+    for (int64_t i01 = blockIdx.y; i01 < ne01; i01 += gridDim.y) {
+        for (int64_t i0203 = blockIdx.z; i0203 < ne0203; i0203 += gridDim.z) {
+            const uint2 dm = fast_div_modulo((uint32_t)i0203, ne02);
+            const int64_t i02 = dm.y;
+            const int64_t i03 = dm.x;
+
+            const int64_t ix = i03*s03 + i02*s02 + i01*s01 + i00;
+            const int64_t iy = (i0203*ne01 + i01)*ne00 + i00;
+            y[iy] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(x[ix]);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 template <typename src_t, typename dst_t>
 static void convert_unary_cuda(const void * vx, dst_t * y,
         const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
         const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const dim3 num_blocks((ne00 + CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, ne01, ne02*ne03);
+    const int64_t ne0203 = ne02*ne03;
+    const uint3 ne02_fdv = init_fastdiv_values(ne02);
+    const dim3 num_blocks((ne00 + CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, (int)std::min(ne01, (int64_t)65535), (int)std::min(ne0203, (int64_t)65535));
     convert_unary<src_t><<<num_blocks, CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
-        (vx, y, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03);
+        (vx, y, ne00, ne01, ne0203, ne02_fdv, s01, s02, s03);
 }
 
 template <typename src_t, typename dst_t>
@@ -624,14 +677,14 @@ to_fp16_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp16_cuda(ggml_type type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
             return dequantize_row_q4_1_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
+            return dequantize_block_cont_cuda<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
+            return dequantize_block_cont_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
             if (fp16_available(ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc)) {
                 return dequantize_block_q8_0_f16_cuda;
             }
-            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
+            return dequantize_block_cont_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
             return dequantize_row_q2_K_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
@@ -660,6 +713,8 @@ to_fp16_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp16_cuda(ggml_type type) {
             return dequantize_row_iq4_xs_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
             return dequantize_row_iq3_s_cuda;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            return dequantize_row_mxfp4_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             return convert_unary_cont_cuda<float>;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
@@ -676,11 +731,11 @@ to_fp32_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(ggml_type type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
             return dequantize_row_q4_1_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
+            return dequantize_block_cont_cuda<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
+            return dequantize_block_cont_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
+            return dequantize_block_cont_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
             return dequantize_row_q2_K_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
@@ -709,6 +764,8 @@ to_fp32_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(ggml_type type) {
             return dequantize_row_iq4_xs_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
             return dequantize_row_iq3_s_cuda;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            return dequantize_row_mxfp4_cuda;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             return convert_unary_cont_cuda<half>;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
@@ -722,9 +779,61 @@ to_fp16_nc_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_cuda(ggml_type type) {
     switch (type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             return convert_unary_cuda<float>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK4_1, QR4_1, dequantize_q4_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             return convert_unary_cuda<nv_bfloat16>;
         default:
             return nullptr;
     }
 }
+
+to_bf16_nc_cuda_t ggml_get_to_bf16_nc_cuda(ggml_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            return convert_unary_cuda<float, nv_bfloat16>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK4_1, QR4_1, dequantize_q4_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            return convert_unary_cuda<half, nv_bfloat16>;
+        default:
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+to_fp32_nc_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp32_nc_cuda(ggml_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            return convert_unary_cuda<half, float>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK4_1, QR4_1, dequantize_q4_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return dequantize_block_cuda<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            return convert_unary_cuda<nv_bfloat16, float>;
+        default:
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cuh
index b65b98e08e7..09f9a33f909 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cuh
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
 #include "common.cuh"
 
 #define CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE 256
@@ -22,5 +23,34 @@ using to_t_nc_cuda_t = void (*)(const void * x, T * y,
     int64_t ne00, int64_t ne01, int64_t ne02, int64_t ne03,
     int64_t s01, int64_t s02, int64_t s03, cudaStream_t stream);
 
+typedef to_t_nc_cuda_t<float> to_fp32_nc_cuda_t;
 typedef to_t_nc_cuda_t<half> to_fp16_nc_cuda_t;
+typedef to_t_nc_cuda_t<nv_bfloat16> to_bf16_nc_cuda_t;
+
+to_fp32_nc_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp32_nc_cuda(ggml_type type);
 to_fp16_nc_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_cuda(ggml_type type);
+to_bf16_nc_cuda_t ggml_get_to_bf16_nc_cuda(ggml_type type);
+
+template<typename dst_t, typename src_t>
+ __host__ __device__ inline dst_t ggml_cuda_cast(src_t x) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dst_t, src_t>) {
+        return x;
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<dst_t, nv_bfloat16>) {
+        return __float2bfloat16(float(x));
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<src_t, nv_bfloat16>) {
+        return __bfloat162float(x);
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<src_t, float2> && std::is_same_v<dst_t, half2>) {
+        return __float22half2_rn(x);
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<src_t, float2> && std::is_same_v<dst_t, nv_bfloat162>) {
+        // bypass compile error on cuda 12.0.1
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+        return __float22bfloat162_rn(x);
+#else
+        return {x.x, x.y};
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<dst_t, int32_t>) {
+        return int32_t(x);
+    } else {
+        return float(x);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy-utils.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy-utils.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7697c292dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy-utils.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int best_index_int8(int n, const int8_t * val, float x) {
+    if (x <= val[0]) return 0;
+    if (x >= val[n-1]) return n-1;
+    int ml = 0, mu = n-1;
+    while (mu-ml > 1) {
+        int mav = (ml+mu)/2;
+        if (x < val[mav]) mu = mav; else ml = mav;
+    }
+    return x - val[mu-1] < val[mu] - x ? mu-1 : mu;
+}
+
+static __device__ void quantize_f32_q4_0_block(const float * __restrict__ x, block_q4_0 * __restrict__ y) {
+    float amax = 0.0f;
+    float vmax = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0; ++j) {
+        const float v = x[j];
+        if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+            amax = fabsf(v);
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float d  = vmax / -8;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    y->d = d;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = x[0       + j]*id;
+        const float x1 = x[QK4_0/2 + j]*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = min(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 8.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = min(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 8.5f));
+
+        y->qs[j]  = xi0;
+        y->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ void quantize_f32_q4_1_block(const float * __restrict__ x, block_q4_1 * __restrict__ y) {
+    float vmin = FLT_MAX;
+    float vmax = -FLT_MAX;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1; ++j) {
+        const float v = x[j];
+        if (v < vmin) vmin = v;
+        if (v > vmax) vmax = v;
+    }
+
+    const float d  = (vmax - vmin) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    y->dm.x = d;
+    y->dm.y = vmin;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = (x[0       + j] - vmin)*id;
+        const float x1 = (x[QK4_1/2 + j] - vmin)*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = min(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 0.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = min(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 0.5f));
+
+        y->qs[j]  = xi0;
+        y->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ void quantize_f32_q5_0_block(const float * __restrict__ x, block_q5_0 * __restrict__ y) {
+    float amax = 0.0f;
+    float vmax = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0; ++j) {
+        const float v = x[j];
+        if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+            amax = fabsf(v);
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float d  = vmax / -16;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    y->d = d;
+
+    uint32_t qh = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = x[0       + j]*id;
+        const float x1 = x[QK5_0/2 + j]*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = min(31, (int8_t)(x0 + 16.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = min(31, (int8_t)(x1 + 16.5f));
+
+        y->qs[j]  = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
+        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
+        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0/2);
+    }
+    memcpy(y->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
+}
+
+static __device__ void quantize_f32_q5_1_block(const float * __restrict__ x, block_q5_1 * __restrict__ y) {
+    float min = x[0];
+    float max = x[0];
+
+    for (int j = 1; j < QK5_1; ++j) {
+        const float v = x[j];
+        min = v < min ? v : min;
+        max = v > max ? v : max;
+    }
+
+    const float d  = (max - min) / 31;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    y->dm.x = d;
+    y->dm.y = min;
+
+    uint32_t qh = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_1/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = (x[0       + j] - min)*id;
+        const float x1 = (x[QK5_1/2 + j] - min)*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t)(x0 + 0.5f);
+        const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t)(x1 + 0.5f);
+
+        y->qs[j]  = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
+        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
+        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_1/2);
+    }
+    memcpy(y->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
+}
+
+static __device__ void quantize_f32_q8_0_block(const float * __restrict__ x, block_q8_0 * __restrict__ y) {
+    float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
+        const float v = x[j];
+        amax = fmaxf(amax, fabsf(v));
+    }
+
+    const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    y->d = d;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = x[j]*id;
+        y->qs[j] = roundf(x0);
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ void quantize_f32_iq4_nl_block(const float * __restrict__ x, block_iq4_nl * __restrict__ y) {
+    float amax = 0.0f;
+    float vmax = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL; ++j) {
+        const float v = x[j];
+        if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+            amax = fabsf(v);
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    float d = vmax / kvalues_iq4nl[0];
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = x[0        + j]*id;
+        const float x1 = x[QK4_NL/2 + j]*id;
+        const uint8_t xi0 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x0);
+        const uint8_t xi1 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x1);
+        y->qs[j] = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
+        const float v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[xi0];
+        const float v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[xi1];
+        const float w0 = x[0        + j]*x[0        + j];
+        const float w1 = x[QK4_NL/2 + j]*x[QK4_NL/2 + j];
+        sumqx += w0*v0*x[j] + w1*v1*x[QK4_NL/2 + j];
+        sumq2 += w0*v0*v0 + w1*v1*v1;
+    }
+
+    y->d = sumq2 > 0 ? sumqx/sumq2 : d;
+}
+
+// Wrapper functions for cpy.cu compatibility
+static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q4_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    quantize_f32_q4_0_block((const float *)cxi, (block_q4_0 *)cdsti);
+}
+
+static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q4_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    quantize_f32_q4_1_block((const float *)cxi, (block_q4_1 *)cdsti);
+}
+
+static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q5_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    quantize_f32_q5_0_block((const float *)cxi, (block_q5_0 *)cdsti);
+}
+
+static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q5_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    quantize_f32_q5_1_block((const float *)cxi, (block_q5_1 *)cdsti);
+}
+
+static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q8_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    quantize_f32_q8_0_block((const float *)cxi, (block_q8_0 *)cdsti);
+}
+
+static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    quantize_f32_iq4_nl_block((const float *)cxi, (block_iq4_nl *)cdsti);
+}
+
+template<typename src_t, typename dst_t>
+static __device__ void cpy_1_scalar(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    *(dst_t *) cdsti = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(*(const src_t *) cxi);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cu
index 2c55d2149b2..d208acf2d5f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cu
@@ -1,59 +1,27 @@
 #include "cpy.cuh"
 #include "dequantize.cuh"
-#ifdef GGML_USE_MUSA
+#include "cpy-utils.cuh"
+#if defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && defined(GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY)
 #include "ggml-musa/mudnn.cuh"
-#endif // GGML_USE_MUSA
+#endif // GGML_USE_MUSA && GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY
 
 typedef void (*cpy_kernel_t)(const char * cx, char * cdst);
 
-static __device__ void cpy_1_f32_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    float * dsti = (float *) cdsti;
-
-    *dsti = *xi;
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_1_f32_bf16(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    nv_bfloat16 * dsti = (nv_bfloat16 *) cdsti;
-
-    *dsti = *xi;
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_1_f32_f16(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    half * dsti = (half *) cdsti;
-
-    *dsti = __float2half(*xi);
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_1_f16_f16(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const half * xi = (const half *) cxi;
-    half * dsti = (half *) cdsti;
-
-    *dsti = *xi;
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_1_f16_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const half * xi = (const half *) cxi;
-    float * dsti = (float *) cdsti;
-
-    *dsti = *xi;
-}
+const int CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D = 32; // 2D tile dimension for transposed blocks
+const int CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM = 8;     // block size of 3rd dimension if available
+const int CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS = 8;   // block dimension for marching through rows
 
 template <cpy_kernel_t cpy_1>
-static __global__ void cpy_f32_f16(const char * cx, char * cdst_direct, const int ne,
-                                   const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-                                   const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
-                                   const int nb12, const int nb13, char ** cdst_indirect, int graph_cpynode_index) {
-    const int64_t i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+static __global__ void cpy_scalar(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+                                  const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+                                  const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11,
+                                  const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13) {
+    const int64_t i = (int64_t)blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
     if (i >= ne) {
         return;
     }
 
-    char * cdst = (cdst_indirect != nullptr) ? cdst_indirect[graph_cpynode_index]: cdst_direct;
-
     // determine indices i03/i13, i02/i12, i01/i11, i00/i10 as a function of index i of flattened tensor
     // then combine those indices with the corresponding byte offsets to get the total offsets
     const int64_t i03 = i/(ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
@@ -71,172 +39,71 @@ static __global__ void cpy_f32_f16(const char * cx, char * cdst_direct, const in
     cpy_1(cx + x_offset, cdst + dst_offset);
 }
 
-static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q8_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q8_0 * dsti = (block_q8_0 *) cdsti;
+template <typename T>
+static __global__ void cpy_scalar_transpose(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+                               const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+                               const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11,
+                               const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13) {
 
-    float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+    const T* src = reinterpret_cast<const T*>(cx);
+    T* dst = reinterpret_cast<T*>(cdst);
 
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        amax = fmaxf(amax, fabsf(v));
-    }
-
-    const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->d = d;
+    const int64_t nmat = ne / (ne00 * ne01);
+    const int64_t n = ne00 * ne01;
 
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = xi[j]*id;
+    const int x = blockIdx.x * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.x;
+    const int y = blockIdx.y * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.y;
+    const int tx = blockIdx.y * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.x;  // transpose block offset
+    const int ty = blockIdx.x * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.y;
 
-        dsti->qs[j] = roundf(x0);
-    }
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_blck_q8_0_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    float * cdstf = (float *)(cdsti);
+    __shared__ float tile[2][CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D][CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D+1];
+    int cur_tile_buf = 0;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j += 2) {
-        dfloat2 dq;
-        dequantize_q8_0(cxi, 0, j, dq);
-        *(cdstf + j) = dq.x;
-        *(cdstf + j + 1) = dq.y;
-    }
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q4_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q4_0 * dsti = (block_q4_0 *) cdsti;
+    for (int i = 0; i < CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM; ++i) {
 
-    float amax = 0.0f;
-    float vmax = 0.0f;
+        const unsigned int imat = blockIdx.z * CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM + i;
+        if (imat >= nmat)
+            break;
 
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
-            amax = fabsf(v);
-            vmax = v;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D; j += CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS) {
+            if(x < ne01 && y + j < ne00){
+                const int row = threadIdx.y+j;
+                const int col = threadIdx.x * sizeof(float)/sizeof(T);
+                T *tile2 = reinterpret_cast<T*>(tile[cur_tile_buf][row]);
+                tile2[col] = src[imat*n + (y+j)*ne01 + x];
+            }
         }
-    }
-
-    const float d  = vmax / -8;
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->d = d;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0/2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = xi[0       + j]*id;
-        const float x1 = xi[QK4_0/2 + j]*id;
-
-        const uint8_t xi0 = min(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 8.5f));
-        const uint8_t xi1 = min(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 8.5f));
-
-        dsti->qs[j]  = xi0;
-        dsti->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
-    }
-}
 
-static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q4_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q4_1 * dsti = (block_q4_1 *) cdsti;
+        __syncthreads();
 
-    float vmin = FLT_MAX;
-    float vmax = -FLT_MAX;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-
-        if (v < vmin) vmin = v;
-        if (v > vmax) vmax = v;
-    }
-
-    const float d  = (vmax - vmin) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->dm.x = d;
-    dsti->dm.y = vmin;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1/2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = (xi[0       + j] - vmin)*id;
-        const float x1 = (xi[QK4_1/2 + j] - vmin)*id;
-
-        const uint8_t xi0 = min(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 0.5f));
-        const uint8_t xi1 = min(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 0.5f));
-
-        dsti->qs[j]  = xi0;
-        dsti->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
-    }
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q5_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q5_0 * dsti = (block_q5_0 *) cdsti;
-
-    float amax = 0.0f;
-    float vmax = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
-            amax = fabsf(v);
-            vmax = v;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D; j += CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS) {
+            if (ty + j < ne01 && tx < ne00) {
+                const int col = (threadIdx.y+j)*sizeof(float)/sizeof(T);
+                const T *tile2 = reinterpret_cast<const T*>(tile[cur_tile_buf][threadIdx.x]);
+                dst[imat*n + (ty+j)*ne00 + tx] = tile2[col];
+            }
         }
-    }
 
-    const float d  = vmax / -16;
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->d = d;
-
-    uint32_t qh = 0;
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0/2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = xi[0       + j]*id;
-        const float x1 = xi[QK5_0/2 + j]*id;
-
-        const uint8_t xi0 = min(31, (int8_t)(x0 + 16.5f));
-        const uint8_t xi1 = min(31, (int8_t)(x1 + 16.5f));
-
-        dsti->qs[j]  = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
-        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
-        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0/2);
+        cur_tile_buf = (cur_tile_buf + 1) % 2;
     }
-    memcpy(dsti->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
-}
 
-static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_q5_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q5_1 * dsti = (block_q5_1 *) cdsti;
-
-    float min = xi[0];
-    float max = xi[0];
-
-    for (int j = 1; j < QK5_1; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        min = v < min ? v : min;
-        max = v > max ? v : max;
-    }
-
-    const float d  = (max - min) / 31;
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->dm.x = d;
-    dsti->dm.y = min;
-
-    uint32_t qh = 0;
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_1/2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = (xi[0       + j] - min)*id;
-        const float x1 = (xi[QK5_1/2 + j] - min)*id;
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11,
+        nb12, nb13);
+}
 
-        const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t)(x0 + 0.5f);
-        const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t)(x1 + 0.5f);
+static __device__ void cpy_blck_q8_0_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    float * cdstf = (float *)(cdsti);
 
-        dsti->qs[j]  = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
-        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
-        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_1/2);
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j += 2) {
+        float2 dq;
+        dequantize_q8_0(cxi, 0, j, dq);
+        *(cdstf + j) = dq.x;
+        *(cdstf + j + 1) = dq.y;
     }
-    memcpy(dsti->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
 }
 
 template<dequantize_kernel_t dequant, int qk>
@@ -245,322 +112,270 @@ static __device__ void cpy_blck_q_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
 
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; j++) {
-        dfloat2 dq;
+        float2 dq;
         dequant(cxi, 0, j, dq);
         *(cdstf + j) = dq.x;
         *(cdstf + j + qk/2) = dq.y;
     }
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ int best_index_int8(int n, const int8_t * val, float x) {
-    if (x <= val[0]) return 0;
-    if (x >= val[n-1]) return n-1;
-    int ml = 0, mu = n-1;
-    while (mu-ml > 1) {
-        int mav = (ml+mu)/2;
-        if (x < val[mav]) mu = mav; else ml = mav;
-    }
-    return x - val[mu-1] < val[mu] - x ? mu-1 : mu;
-}
-
-static __device__ void cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_iq4_nl * dsti = (block_iq4_nl *) cdsti;
-
-    float amax = 0.0f;
-    float vmax = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
-            amax = fabsf(v);
-            vmax = v;
-        }
-    }
-
-    float d = vmax / kvalues_iq4nl[0];
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-    float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = xi[0        + j]*id;
-        const float x1 = xi[QK4_NL/2 + j]*id;
-        const uint8_t xi0 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x0);
-        const uint8_t xi1 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x1);
-        dsti->qs[j] = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
-        const float v0 = kvalues_iq4nl[xi0];
-        const float v1 = kvalues_iq4nl[xi1];
-        const float w0 = xi[0        + j]*xi[0        + j];
-        const float w1 = xi[QK4_NL/2 + j]*xi[QK4_NL/2 + j];
-        sumqx += w0*v0*xi[j] + w1*v1*xi[QK4_NL/2 + j];
-        sumq2 += w0*v0*v0 + w1*v1*v1;
-    }
-
-    dsti->d = sumq2 > 0 ? sumqx/sumq2 : d;
-}
-
 template <cpy_kernel_t cpy_blck, int qk>
-static __global__ void cpy_f32_q(const char * cx, char * cdst_direct, const int ne,
-                                 const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-                                 const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
-                                 const int nb12, const int nb13, char ** cdst_indirect, int graph_cpynode_index) {
-    const int i = (blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x)*qk;
+static __global__ void cpy_f32_q(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+                                 const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+                                 const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11,
+                                 const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13) {
+    const int64_t i = ((int64_t)blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x)*qk;
 
     if (i >= ne) {
         return;
     }
 
-    char * cdst = (cdst_indirect != nullptr) ? cdst_indirect[graph_cpynode_index]: cdst_direct;
-
-    const int i03 = i/(ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
-    const int i02 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 )/ (ne00*ne01);
-    const int i01 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02  -  i02*ne01*ne00) / ne00;
-    const int i00 = i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 - i02*ne01*ne00 - i01*ne00;
-    const int x_offset = i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03 * nb03;
+    const int64_t i03 = i/(ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
+    const int64_t i02 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 )/ (ne00*ne01);
+    const int64_t i01 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02  -  i02*ne01*ne00) / ne00;
+    const int64_t i00 = i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 - i02*ne01*ne00 - i01*ne00;
+    const int64_t x_offset = i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03 * nb03;
 
-    const int i13 = i/(ne10 * ne11 * ne12);
-    const int i12 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12) / (ne10*ne11);
-    const int i11 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11) / ne10;
-    const int i10 = i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11 - i11*ne10;
-    const int dst_offset = (i10/qk)*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
+    const int64_t i13 = i/(ne10 * ne11 * ne12);
+    const int64_t i12 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12) / (ne10*ne11);
+    const int64_t i11 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11) / ne10;
+    const int64_t i10 = i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11 - i11*ne10;
+    const int64_t dst_offset = (i10/qk)*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
 
     cpy_blck(cx + x_offset, cdst + dst_offset);
 }
 
 template <cpy_kernel_t cpy_blck, int qk>
-static __global__ void cpy_q_f32(const char * cx, char * cdst_direct, const int ne,
-                                 const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-                                 const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
-                                 const int nb12, const int nb13, char ** cdst_indirect, int graph_cpynode_index) {
-    const int i = (blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x)*qk;
+static __global__ void cpy_q_f32(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+                                 const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+                                 const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11,
+                                 const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13) {
+    const int64_t i = ((int64_t)blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x)*qk;
 
     if (i >= ne) {
         return;
     }
 
-    char * cdst = (cdst_indirect != nullptr) ? cdst_indirect[graph_cpynode_index]: cdst_direct;
-
-    const int i03 = i/(ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
-    const int i02 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 )/ (ne00*ne01);
-    const int i01 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02  -  i02*ne01*ne00) / ne00;
-    const int i00 = i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 - i02*ne01*ne00 - i01*ne00;
-    const int x_offset = (i00/qk)*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03 * nb03;
+    const int64_t i03 = i/(ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
+    const int64_t i02 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 )/ (ne00*ne01);
+    const int64_t i01 = (i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02  -  i02*ne01*ne00) / ne00;
+    const int64_t i00 = i - i03*ne00*ne01*ne02 - i02*ne01*ne00 - i01*ne00;
+    const int64_t x_offset = (i00/qk)*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03 * nb03;
 
-    const int i13 = i/(ne10 * ne11 * ne12);
-    const int i12 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12) / (ne10*ne11);
-    const int i11 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11) / ne10;
-    const int i10 = i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11 - i11*ne10;
-    const int dst_offset = i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
+    const int64_t i13 = i/(ne10 * ne11 * ne12);
+    const int64_t i12 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12) / (ne10*ne11);
+    const int64_t i11 = (i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11) / ne10;
+    const int64_t i10 = i - i13*ne10*ne11*ne12 - i12*ne10*ne11 - i11*ne10;
+    const int64_t dst_offset = i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
 
     cpy_blck(cx + x_offset, cdst + dst_offset);
 }
 
-// Copy destination pointers to GPU to be available when pointer indirection is in use
+template<typename src_t, typename dst_t>
+static __global__ void cpy_scalar_contiguous(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne) {
+    const int64_t i = (int64_t)blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-void ggml_cuda_cpy_dest_ptrs_copy(ggml_cuda_graph * cuda_graph, char ** host_dest_ptrs, const int host_dest_ptrs_size, cudaStream_t stream) {
-#if defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS) || defined(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS)
-    if (cuda_graph->dest_ptrs_size < host_dest_ptrs_size) { // (re-)allocate GPU memory for destination pointers
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(stream));
-        if (cuda_graph->dest_ptrs_d != nullptr) {
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(cuda_graph->dest_ptrs_d));
-        }
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc(&cuda_graph->dest_ptrs_d, host_dest_ptrs_size*sizeof(char *)));
-        cuda_graph->dest_ptrs_size = host_dest_ptrs_size;
+    if (i >= ne) {
+        return;
     }
-    // copy destination pointers to GPU
-    CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(cuda_graph->dest_ptrs_d, host_dest_ptrs, host_dest_ptrs_size*sizeof(char *), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, stream));
-    cuda_graph->graph_cpynode_index = 0; // reset index
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(cuda_graph); GGML_UNUSED(host_dest_ptrs);
-    GGML_UNUSED(host_dest_ptrs_size); GGML_UNUSED(stream);
-#endif
-}
 
-static void ggml_cpy_f16_f32_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const src_t * x = (const src_t *) cx;
+    dst_t *     dst = (dst_t *) cdst;
 
-    const int num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f16_f32><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+    dst[i] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(x[i]);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cpy_f32_f32_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+template<typename src_t, typename dst_t>
+static void ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda(
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+cudaStream_t stream) {
 
-    const int num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f32_f32><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
+    cpy_scalar_contiguous<src_t, dst_t><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
+        (cx, cdst, ne);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cpy_f32_bf16_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+template<typename src_t, typename dst_t, bool transposed = false>
+static void ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda(
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
-    const int num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f32_bf16><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
-}
-
-static void ggml_cpy_f32_f16_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    if (transposed) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne == ne00*ne01*ne02);  // ne[3] is 1 assumed
+        int64_t ne00n, ne01n, ne02n;
+        if (nb00 <= nb02) { // most likely safe to handle nb00 = nb02 case here
+            ne00n = ne00;
+            ne01n = ne01;
+            ne02n = ne02;
+        } else {
+            ne00n = ne00;
+            ne01n = ne01*ne02;
+            ne02n = 1;
+        }
 
-    const int num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f32_f16><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        int64_t grid_x = (ne01n + CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D - 1) / CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D;
+        int64_t grid_y = (ne00n + CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D - 1) / CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D;
+        int64_t grid_z = (ne/(ne01n*ne00n) + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM;
+        GGML_ASSERT(grid_x < UINT_MAX);
+        GGML_ASSERT(grid_y < USHRT_MAX);
+        GGML_ASSERT(grid_z < USHRT_MAX);
+        dim3 dimGrid(grid_x, grid_y, grid_z);
+        dim3 dimBlock(CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS, 1);
+        cpy_scalar_transpose<dst_t><<<dimGrid, dimBlock, 0, stream>>>
+            (cx, cdst, ne, ne00n, ne01n, ne02n, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
+    } else {
+        const int64_t num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
+        cpy_scalar<cpy_1_scalar<src_t, dst_t>><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
+            (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
+    }
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_q8_0_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK8_0 == 0);
-    const int num_blocks = ne / QK8_0;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne / QK8_0;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q8_0, QK8_0><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q8_0_f32_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
-    const int num_blocks = ne;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q8_0_f32, QK8_0><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_q4_0_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK4_0 == 0);
-    const int num_blocks = ne / QK4_0;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne / QK4_0;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_0, QK4_0><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q4_0_f32_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02,
-    const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12,
-    const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13,
-    cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
-    const int num_blocks = ne;
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+    const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12,
+    const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+    cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q4_0, QK4_0>, QK4_0><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>(
         cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-         ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+         ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_q4_1_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK4_1 == 0);
-    const int num_blocks = ne / QK4_1;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne / QK4_1;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_1, QK4_1><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q4_1_f32_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02,
-    const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12,
-    const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13,
-    cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
-    const int num_blocks = ne;
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+    const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12,
+    const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+    cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q4_1, QK4_1>, QK4_1><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>(
         cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-         ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+         ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_q5_0_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK5_0 == 0);
-    const int num_blocks = ne / QK5_0;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne / QK5_0;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_0, QK5_0><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q5_0_f32_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02,
-    const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12,
-    const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13,
-    cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
-    const int num_blocks = ne;
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+    const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12,
+    const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+    cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q5_0, QK5_0>, QK5_0><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>(
         cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_q5_1_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK5_1 == 0);
-    const int num_blocks = ne / QK5_1;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne / QK5_1;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_1, QK5_1><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q5_1_f32_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02,
-    const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12,
-    const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13,
-    cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
-    const int num_blocks = ne;
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+    const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12,
+    const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+    cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q5_1, QK5_1>, QK5_1><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>(
         cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_iq4_nl_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
+    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int64_t ne,
+    const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02,
+    const int64_t nb03, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t nb10, const int64_t nb11, const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK4_NL == 0);
-    const int num_blocks = ne / QK4_NL;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = ne / QK4_NL;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_blocks < UINT_MAX);
     cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl, QK4_NL><<<num_blocks, 1, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
+        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cpy_f16_f16_cuda(
-    const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
-    const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream, char ** cdst_indirect, int & graph_cpynode_index) {
-
-    const int num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f16_f16><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, cdst_indirect, graph_cpynode_index++);
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1, bool disable_indirection_for_this_node) {
+void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1) {
     const int64_t ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(ne == ggml_nelements(src1));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nbytes(src0) <= INT_MAX);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nbytes(src1) <= INT_MAX);
-
     const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
@@ -588,118 +403,156 @@ void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, gg
     char * src0_ddc = (char *) src0->data;
     char * src1_ddc = (char *) src1->data;
 
-    char ** dest_ptrs_d = nullptr;
-    int graph_cpynode_index = -1;
-#if defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS) || defined(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS)
-    if(ctx.cuda_graph->use_cpy_indirection && !disable_indirection_for_this_node) {
-        dest_ptrs_d = ctx.cuda_graph->dest_ptrs_d;
-        graph_cpynode_index = ctx.cuda_graph->graph_cpynode_index;
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(disable_indirection_for_this_node);
-#endif
-    if (src0->type == src1->type && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+    const bool contiguous_srcs = ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1);
+    const bool can_be_transposed = nb01 == (int64_t)ggml_element_size(src0) &&
+        src0->ne[3] == 1 && nb02 == ne00 * ne01 * (int64_t)ggml_element_size(src0);
+
+    if (src0->type == src1->type && contiguous_srcs) {
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nbytes(src0) == ggml_nbytes(src1));
-#ifdef GGML_USE_MUSA
+#if defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && defined(GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY)
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
             CUDA_CHECK(mudnnMemcpyAsync(ctx, src1, src0));
         } else
-#endif // GGML_USE_MUSA
+#endif // GGML_USE_MUSA && GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY
         {
             CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(src1_ddc, src0_ddc, ggml_nbytes(src0), cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, main_stream));
         }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_f32_cuda (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        if (can_be_transposed) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<float, float, true>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<float, float>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_bf16_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<float, nv_bfloat16>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<float, nv_bfloat16>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_f16_cuda (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<float, half>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<float, half>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_q8_0_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_f32_q8_0_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_q8_0_f32_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_q8_0_f32_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_q4_0_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_f32_q4_0_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_q4_0_f32_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02,
-            nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_q4_0_f32_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_q4_1_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_f32_q4_1_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_q4_1_f32_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02,
-            nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_q4_1_f32_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_q5_0_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_f32_q5_0_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_q5_0_f32_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02,
-            nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_q5_0_f32_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_iq4_nl_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_f32_iq4_nl_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
-        ggml_cpy_f32_q5_1_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_f32_q5_1_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_q5_1_f32_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        ggml_cpy_q5_1_f32_cuda
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        ggml_cpy_f16_f16_cuda (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        if (can_be_transposed) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<half, half, true>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<half, half>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<half, nv_bfloat16>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<half, nv_bfloat16>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_f16_f32_cuda (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<half, float>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<half, float>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+        if (can_be_transposed) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<nv_bfloat16, nv_bfloat16, true>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<nv_bfloat16, nv_bfloat16>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<nv_bfloat16, half>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<nv_bfloat16, half>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<nv_bfloat16, float>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<nv_bfloat16, float>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        if (can_be_transposed) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<int32_t, int32_t, true>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<int32_t, int32_t>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<float, int32_t>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<float, int32_t>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        if (contiguous_srcs) {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_contiguous_cuda<int32_t, float>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_scalar_cuda<int32_t, float>
+                (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else {
         GGML_ABORT("%s: unsupported type combination (%s to %s)\n", __func__,
                 ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(src1->type));
     }
-#if defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS) || defined(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS)
-    if(ctx.cuda_graph->use_cpy_indirection && !disable_indirection_for_this_node) {
-        ctx.cuda_graph->graph_cpynode_index = graph_cpynode_index;
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(disable_indirection_for_this_node);
-#endif
-
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_dup(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    bool disable_indirection = true;
-    ggml_cuda_cpy(ctx, src0, dst, disable_indirection);
-}
-
-void* ggml_cuda_cpy_fn(const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1) {
-    if (src0->type == src1->type && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
-        return nullptr;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f32_f32>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f32_bf16>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f32_f16>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q8_0, QK8_0>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        return (void*) cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q8_0_f32, QK8_0>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_0, QK4_0>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        return (void*) cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q4_0, QK4_0>, QK4_0>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_1, QK4_1>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        return (void*) cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q4_1, QK4_1>, QK4_1>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_0, QK5_0>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        return (void*) cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q5_0, QK5_0>, QK5_0>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl, QK4_NL>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_1, QK5_1>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        return (void*) cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q5_1, QK5_1>, QK5_1>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f32_f16>;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        return (void*) cpy_f32_f16<cpy_1_f16_f32>;
-    } else {
-        GGML_ABORT("%s: unsupported type combination (%s to %s)\n", __func__,
-                ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(src1->type));
-    }
+    ggml_cuda_cpy(ctx, src0, dst);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cuh
index 0bd3c0c6f8c..a7a87d8fcfb 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cuh
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 
 #define CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE 64
 
-void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1,  bool disable_indirection = false);
+void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1);
 
 void ggml_cuda_dup(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
-
-void* ggml_cuda_cpy_fn(const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1);
-
-void ggml_cuda_cpy_dest_ptrs_copy(ggml_cuda_graph * cuda_graph, char ** host_dest_ptrs, const int host_dest_ptrs_size, cudaStream_t stream);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cross-entropy-loss.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cross-entropy-loss.cu
index 0ce4afbb222..0c8b0819724 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cross-entropy-loss.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cross-entropy-loss.cu
@@ -123,13 +123,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_cross_entropy_loss(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *
     ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float> dst_tmp(pool, blocks_num.x);
 
     if (nbytes_shared <= smpbo) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
-        static bool shared_memory_limit_raised[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {false};
-        if (!shared_memory_limit_raised[id]) {
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(cross_entropy_loss_f32<true>, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, smpbo));
-            shared_memory_limit_raised[id] = true;
-        }
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+        CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT((cross_entropy_loss_f32<true>), smpbo);
         cross_entropy_loss_f32<true><<<blocks_num, blocks_dim, nbytes_shared, stream>>>(src0_d, src1_d, dst_tmp.ptr, ne00, nrows);
     } else {
         cross_entropy_loss_f32<false><<<blocks_num, blocks_dim, 0, stream>>>(src0_d, src1_d, dst_tmp.ptr, ne00, nrows);
@@ -175,13 +169,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_cross_entropy_loss_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_ten
     const size_t smpbo = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].smpbo;
 
     if (nbytes_shared <= smpbo) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
-        static bool shared_memory_limit_raised[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {false};
-        if (!shared_memory_limit_raised[id]) {
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(cross_entropy_loss_back_f32<true>, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, smpbo));
-            shared_memory_limit_raised[id] = true;
-        }
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+        CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT((cross_entropy_loss_back_f32<true>), smpbo);
         cross_entropy_loss_back_f32<true><<<blocks_num, blocks_dim, nbytes_shared, stream>>>(grad_d, src0f_d, src1f_d, dst_d, ne00);
     } else {
         cross_entropy_loss_back_f32<false><<<blocks_num, blocks_dim, 0, stream>>>(grad_d, src0f_d, src1f_d, dst_d, ne00);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..def9c32955f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "cumsum.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/common.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+#   include <cub/cub.cuh>
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+
+template<typename T, int BLOCK_SIZE>
+static __global__ void cumsum_cub_kernel(
+        const T * __restrict__ src,
+        T * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t  s01, const int64_t  s02, const int64_t  s03,
+        const int64_t   s1,  const int64_t   s2,  const int64_t   s3) {
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+    using BlockScanT = cub::BlockScan<T, BLOCK_SIZE>;
+
+    __shared__ typename BlockScanT::TempStorage temp_storage;
+    __shared__ T block_carry;
+
+    const int tid = threadIdx.x;
+    constexpr int UNROLL_FACTOR = 4;
+    constexpr int TILE_SIZE = BLOCK_SIZE * UNROLL_FACTOR;
+
+    const int64_t i1 = blockIdx.x;
+    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.y;
+    const int64_t i3 = blockIdx.z;
+
+    if (i1 >= ne01 || i2 >= ne02 || i3 >= ne03) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const T * src_row = src + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
+    T *       dst_row = dst + i1 * s1  + i2 * s2  + i3 * s3;
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        block_carry = 0;
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    for (int64_t start = 0; start < ne00; start += TILE_SIZE) {
+        T items[UNROLL_FACTOR];
+        T thread_sum = T(0);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < UNROLL_FACTOR; i++) {
+            int64_t idx = start + tid * UNROLL_FACTOR + i;
+            T val = (idx < ne00) ? src_row[idx] : T(0);
+            thread_sum += val;
+            items[i] = thread_sum;
+        }
+
+        // Block-wide scan on thread sums
+        T thread_prefix;
+        T block_total;
+        BlockScanT(temp_storage).InclusiveSum(thread_sum, thread_prefix, block_total);
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        // Add offset to each item and store
+        T thread_offset = thread_prefix - thread_sum + block_carry;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < UNROLL_FACTOR; i++) {
+            int64_t idx = start + tid * UNROLL_FACTOR + i;
+            if (idx < ne00) {
+                dst_row[idx] = items[i] + thread_offset;
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        // Update carry for next tile
+        if (tid == 0) {
+            block_carry += block_total;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+}
+
+// Fallback kernel implementation
+template<typename T>
+static __global__ void cumsum_kernel(
+        const T * src, T * dst,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t  s00, const int64_t  s01, const int64_t  s02, const int64_t  s03,
+        const int64_t   s0, const int64_t   s1, const int64_t   s2, const int64_t   s3) {
+
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(s00, s0);
+
+    const int tid = threadIdx.x;
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    const int lane = tid % warp_size;
+    const int warp = tid / warp_size;
+    const int warps_per_block = blockDim.x / warp_size;
+
+    extern __shared__ float smem[];
+    float *                 s_vals        = smem;
+    float *                 s_warp_sums   = smem + blockDim.x;
+    float *                 s_carry       = smem + blockDim.x + warps_per_block;
+    float *                 s_chunk_total = s_carry + 1;
+
+    // Initialize carry
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        *s_carry = 0.0f;
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    const int64_t i3 = blockIdx.z;
+    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.y;
+    const int64_t i1 = blockIdx.x;
+    if (i3 >= ne03 || i2 >= ne02 || i1 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const T * src_row = src + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
+    T       * dst_row = dst + i1 * s1  + i2 * s2  + i3 * s3;
+
+    // register blocking: process 4 elements per thread to hide latency
+    // and reduce synchronization overhead
+    constexpr int num_unroll = 4;
+    T             temp[num_unroll];
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < ne00; i += num_unroll * blockDim.x) {
+        int64_t idx = i + tid * num_unroll;
+
+        // thread local sequential scan
+        temp[0] = (idx < ne00 ? src_row[idx] : T(0));
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int64_t j = 1; j < num_unroll; j++) {
+            temp[j] = temp[j - 1];
+            if (idx + j < ne00) {
+                temp[j] += src_row[idx + j];
+            } else {
+                temp[j] += 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // last emenent is sum of all values assigned to thread
+        float val = (idx < ne00) ? ggml_cuda_cast<float, T>(temp[num_unroll - 1]) : 0.0f;
+
+        // Warp inclusive scan
+        val = warp_prefix_inclusive_sum<T, warp_size>(val);
+        s_vals[tid] = val;
+
+        if (lane == warp_size - 1) {
+            s_warp_sums[warp] = val;
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        // Exclusive scan of warp sums (warp 0 only)
+        if (warp == 0) {
+            float w = (tid < warps_per_block) ? s_warp_sums[tid] : 0.0f;
+            float inc = warp_prefix_inclusive_sum<T, warp_size>(w);
+            if (tid < warps_per_block) {
+                s_warp_sums[tid] = inc - w;   // exclusive sum
+            }
+            if (tid == warps_per_block - 1) {
+                *s_chunk_total = inc;          // total sum of this chunk
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        // write back results
+        float carry = *s_carry;
+        // calculate sum offset for this thread
+        float final_val_offset = s_vals[tid] + s_warp_sums[warp] + carry - temp[num_unroll - 1];
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int32_t j = 0; j < num_unroll; j++) {
+            if (idx + j < ne00) {
+                dst_row[idx + j] = temp[j] + ggml_cuda_cast<T, float>(final_val_offset);
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        // Update carry for next chunk
+        if (tid == 0) {
+            *s_carry += *s_chunk_total;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+template <typename T>
+static void cumsum_cub(ggml_cuda_pool & pool,
+                       const T *        src,
+                       T *              dst,
+                       int64_t          ne,
+                       cudaStream_t     stream) {
+    size_t tmp_size = 0;
+
+    // Query how much temp storage CUDA UnBound (CUB) needs
+    cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum(nullptr,   // d_temp_storage (null = just query size)
+                                  tmp_size,  // reference to size (will be set by CUB)
+                                  src,       // input pointer
+                                  dst,       // output pointer
+                                  ne,        // number of elements
+                                  stream     // CUDA stream to use
+    );
+
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<uint8_t> tmp_alloc(pool, tmp_size);
+
+    // Perform the inclusive scan
+    cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum((void *) tmp_alloc.get(), tmp_size, src, dst, ne, stream);
+}
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+
+template<typename T>
+static void cumsum_cuda(
+        [[maybe_unused]] ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const T * src, T * dst,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02, const int64_t nb03,
+        const int64_t  nb0,  const int64_t nb1, const int64_t  nb2, const int64_t  nb3,
+        cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const size_t type_size = sizeof(T);
+    bool use_cub = false;
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+    // Check if we can use CUB (data must be contiguous along innermost dimension)
+    const bool is_contiguous = (nb00 == type_size) && (nb0 == type_size);
+
+    if (is_contiguous) {
+        use_cub = true;
+        const int64_t nrows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+        // TODO: Compare with DeviceSegmentedScan::InclusiveSegmentedSum for nrows > 1 once InclusiveSegmentedSum is released
+        // Heuristics were determined as part of https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17004
+        if (((nrows == 1) && (ne00 > 1024)) || (ne00 / nrows > 4096)) {
+            for (int i=0; i<nrows; i++) {
+                cumsum_cub(ctx.pool(), src + i * ne00, dst + i * ne00, ne00, stream);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+    dim3 grid_dims(ne01, ne02, ne03);
+    const auto &info = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()];
+    const int warp_size = info.warp_size;
+    const int num_warps = (ne00 + warp_size - 1) / warp_size;
+    int block_size = num_warps * warp_size;
+    block_size = std::min(block_size, CUDA_CUMSUM_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    dim3 block_dims(block_size, 1, 1);
+    const int warps_per_block = block_size / warp_size;
+    const size_t shmem_size = (block_size + warps_per_block + 2) * sizeof(float);
+
+    if (use_cub && ne00 >= 1024) {
+        cumsum_cub_kernel<T, CUDA_CUMSUM_BLOCK_SIZE><<<grid_dims, CUDA_CUMSUM_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(
+            src, dst,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            nb01 / type_size, nb02 / type_size, nb03 / type_size,
+            nb1 / type_size,  nb2 / type_size,  nb3 / type_size
+        );
+    } else {
+        cumsum_kernel<<<grid_dims, block_dims, shmem_size, stream>>>(
+            src, dst,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            nb00 / type_size, nb01 / type_size, nb02 / type_size, nb03 / type_size,
+            nb0 / type_size, nb1 / type_size, nb2 / type_size, nb3 / type_size
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_cumsum(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    switch(src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                cumsum_cuda(
+                    ctx, (const float *)src0->data, (float *)dst->data,
+                    src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
+                    src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                    dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3],
+                    stream
+                );
+            } break;
+        // We do not support those on CPU for now anyway, so comment them out because they cause errors on some CI platforms
+        /*case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                cumsum_cuda(
+                    (const half *)src0->data, (half *)dst->data,
+                    src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
+                    src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                    dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3],
+                    stream
+                );
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                cumsum_cuda(
+                    (const nv_bfloat16 *)src0->data, (nv_bfloat16 *)dst->data,
+                    src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
+                    src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                    dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3],
+                    stream
+                );
+            } break;*/
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..782d1d92e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cumsum.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_CUMSUM_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_cumsum(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/dequantize.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/dequantize.cuh
index bd3c2d9db94..e060fb29fdc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/dequantize.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/dequantize.cuh
@@ -1,48 +1,37 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q4_0(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q4_0(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, float2 & v){
     const block_q4_0 * x = (const block_q4_0 *) vx;
 
-    const dfloat d = x[ib].d;
+    const float d = x[ib].d;
 
     const int vui = x[ib].qs[iqs];
 
     v.x = vui & 0xF;
     v.y = vui >> 4;
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
-    v = __hsub2(v, {8.0f, 8.0f});
-    v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
-#else
     v.x = (v.x - 8.0f) * d;
     v.y = (v.y - 8.0f) * d;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q4_1(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q4_1(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, float2 & v){
     const block_q4_1 * x = (const block_q4_1 *) vx;
 
-    const dfloat d = __low2half(x[ib].dm);
-    const dfloat m = __high2half(x[ib].dm);
+    const float2 dm = __half22float2(x[ib].dm);
 
     const int vui = x[ib].qs[iqs];
 
     v.x = vui & 0xF;
     v.y = vui >> 4;
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
-    v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
-    v = __hadd2(v, {m, m});
-#else
-    v.x = (v.x * d) + m;
-    v.y = (v.y * d) + m;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
+    v.x = (v.x * dm.x) + dm.y;
+    v.y = (v.y * dm.x) + dm.y;
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_0(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_0(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, float2 & v){
     const block_q5_0 * x = (const block_q5_0 *) vx;
 
-    const dfloat d = x[ib].d;
+    const float d = x[ib].d;
 
     uint32_t qh;
     memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
@@ -53,20 +42,14 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_0(const void * vx, const in
     v.x = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] & 0xf) | xh_0);
     v.y = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] >>  4) | xh_1);
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
-    v = __hsub2(v, {16.0f, 16.0f});
-    v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
-#else
     v.x = (v.x - 16.0f) * d;
     v.y = (v.y - 16.0f) * d;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_1(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_1(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, float2 & v){
     const block_q5_1 * x = (const block_q5_1 *) vx;
 
-    const dfloat d = __low2half(x[ib].dm);
-    const dfloat m = __high2half(x[ib].dm);
+    const float2 dm = __half22float2(x[ib].dm);
 
     uint32_t qh;
     memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
@@ -77,27 +60,18 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_1(const void * vx, const in
     v.x = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] & 0xf) | xh_0);
     v.y = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] >>  4) | xh_1);
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
-    v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
-    v = __hadd2(v, {m, m});
-#else
-    v.x = (v.x * d) + m;
-    v.y = (v.y * d) + m;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
+    v.x = (v.x * dm.x) + dm.y;
+    v.y = (v.y * dm.x) + dm.y;
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q8_0(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q8_0(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, float2 & v){
     const block_q8_0 * x = (const block_q8_0 *) vx;
 
-    const dfloat d = x[ib].d;
+    const float d = x[ib].d;
 
     v.x = x[ib].qs[iqs + 0];
     v.y = x[ib].qs[iqs + 1];
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
-    v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
-#else
     v.x *= d;
     v.y *= d;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/diag.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/diag.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5cea210517f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/diag.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "convert.cuh"
+#include "diag.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+template <typename T>
+static __global__ void diag_kernel(T * __restrict__ dst,
+                                   const T * __restrict__ src,
+                                   const int64_t ne0,
+                                   const int64_t ne1,
+                                   const int64_t ne2,
+                                   const int64_t ne3,
+                                   const int64_t total_elements) {
+    const int64_t global_idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (global_idx >= total_elements) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i0 = global_idx % ne0;
+    const int64_t i1 = (global_idx / ne0) % ne1;
+    const int64_t i2 = (global_idx / (ne0 * ne1)) % ne2;
+    const int64_t i3 = global_idx / (ne0 * ne1 * ne2);
+
+    const int64_t dst_idx = ((i3 * ne2 + i2) * ne1 + i1) * ne0 + i0;
+
+    if (i0 == i1) {
+        const int64_t batch_idx = i3 * ne2 + i2;
+        const int64_t src_idx   = batch_idx * ne0 + i0;
+        dst[dst_idx]            = src[src_idx];
+    } else {
+        dst[dst_idx] = ggml_cuda_cast<T>(0);
+    }
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(ne3);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_diag(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    void *       dst_d  = dst->data;
+    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
+
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne01 == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne02 == ne2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == ne3);
+
+    const int64_t n_elems    = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (n_elems + CUDA_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            diag_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>((float *) dst_d, (const float *) src0_d, ne0,
+                                                                         ne1, ne2, ne3, n_elems);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            diag_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>((half *) dst_d, (const half *) src0_d, ne0,
+                                                                         ne1, ne2, ne3, n_elems);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/diag.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/diag.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d73e6a8eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/diag.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_diag(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-common.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-common.cuh
index cfab2b5ebac..e9abdf288c4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-common.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-common.cuh
@@ -10,11 +10,21 @@
 #define HALF_MAX_HALF         __float2half(65504.0f/2) // Use neg. of this instead of -INFINITY to initialize KQ max vals to avoid NaN upon subtraction.
 #define SOFTMAX_FTZ_THRESHOLD -20.0f                   // Softmax exp. of values smaller than this are flushed to zero to avoid NaNs.
 
+// log(2) = 0.6931, by adding this to the KQ maximum used for the softmax the numerical range representable
+//     by the VKQ accumulators is effectively being shifted up by a factor of 2.
+// This reduces issues with numerical overflow but also causes larger values to be flushed to zero.
+// However, as the output from FlashAttention will usually be used as an input for a matrix multiplication this should be negligible.
+// Still, the value range should be shifted as much as necessary but as little as possible.
+// The macro on the following line shifts it by a factor of 2**3=8, as was needed to fix https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/18606 .
+#define FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET (3.0f*0.6931f)
+
 typedef void (* fattn_kernel_t)(
         const char * __restrict__ Q,
         const char * __restrict__ K,
         const char * __restrict__ V,
         const char * __restrict__ mask,
+        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
+        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
         float      * __restrict__ dst,
         float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
         const float scale,
@@ -23,300 +33,238 @@ typedef void (* fattn_kernel_t)(
         const float m1,
         const uint32_t n_head_log2,
         const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne00,
-        const int ne01,
-        const int ne02,
-        const int ne03,
-        const int ne10,
-        const int ne11,
-        const int ne12,
-        const int ne13,
-        const int ne31,
-        const int nb31,
-        const int nb01,
-        const int nb02,
-        const int nb03,
-        const int nb11,
-        const int nb12,
-        const int nb13,
-        const int nb21,
-        const int nb22,
-        const int nb23,
-        const int ne0,
-        const int ne1,
-        const int ne2,
-        const int ne3);
-
-typedef half (*vec_dot_KQ_f16_t)(
-    const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8 , const void * __restrict__ Q_ds);
-typedef float (*vec_dot_KQ_f32_t)(
+        const int32_t ne00, const uint3   ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
+                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
+        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
+                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
+                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
+                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33);
+
+typedef float (*vec_dot_KQ_t)(
     const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8 , const void * __restrict__ Q_ds);
 
-template<typename T, int D, int warp_size>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_0(
+template <int D, int nthreads>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_f16(
+    const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8 , const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
+
+    const half2 * K_h2 = (const half2 *) K_c;
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_q8);
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_ds_v);
+
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D/2; k_KQ_0 += nthreads*cpy_ne) {
+        __align__(16) half2 tmp[cpy_ne];
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp)>(tmp, K_h2 + k_KQ_0 + (threadIdx.x % nthreads)*cpy_ne);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < cpy_ne; ++k_KQ_1) {
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+            ggml_cuda_mad(sum,                tmp[k_KQ_1] , ((const half2  *) Q_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads + k_KQ_1]);
+#else
+            ggml_cuda_mad(sum, __half22float2(tmp[k_KQ_1]), ((const float2 *) Q_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads + k_KQ_1]);
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+template<int D, int nthreads>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_0(
     const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8, const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
 
     const block_q4_0 * K_q4_0 = (const block_q4_0 *) K_c;
     GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
 
-    T sum = 0.0f;
+    float sum = 0.0f;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
-        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads);
 
         const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
         const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI4_0;
         const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
 
-        const int v = (get_int_b2(K_q4_0[ib].qs, iqs4) >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
+        int v;
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(int), 2>(&v, K_q4_0[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
 
         const int sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v, u, 0);
 
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-        if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-            const half2  * Q_ds = (const half2  *) Q_ds_v;
-
-            const half2 sum2 = __half2half2(K_q4_0[ib].d) * Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
-            sum += (T) (((half) sumi)*__low2half(sum2) - __high2half(sum2) /* *8/QI8_1 == 1 */);
-        } else
-#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
-        {
-            const float2 * Q_ds = (const float2 *) Q_ds_v;
-
-            sum += (T) (__half2float(K_q4_0[ib].d) * (sumi*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].x - (8/QI8_1)*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].y));
-        }
+        const float2 Q_ds = ((const float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
+        sum += __half2float(K_q4_0[ib].d) * (sumi*Q_ds.x - (8/QI8_1)*Q_ds.y);
     }
 
     return sum;
 }
 
-template<typename T, int D, int warp_size>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_1(
+template<int D, int nthreads>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_1(
     const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8, const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
 
     const block_q4_1 * K_q4_1 = (const block_q4_1 *) K_c;
     GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
 
-    T sum = 0.0f;
+    float sum = 0.0f;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
-        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads);
 
         const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
         const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI4_1;
         const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
 
-        const int v = (get_int_b4(K_q4_1[ib].qs, iqs4) >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
+        int v;
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(int)>(&v, K_q4_1[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
 
         const int sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v, u, 0);
 
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-        if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-            const half2  * Q_ds = (const half2  *) Q_ds_v;
-
-            const half2 d4d8_m4s8 = K_q4_1[ib].dm * Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
-            const half2 sumid4d8_m4s8scaled = d4d8_m4s8 * make_half2(sumi, 1.0f/QI8_1);
-            sum += (T) (__low2half(sumid4d8_m4s8scaled) + __high2half(sumid4d8_m4s8scaled));
-        } else
-#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
-        {
-            const float2 * Q_ds = (const float2 *) Q_ds_v;
-
-            const float sumid4d8   =  __low2float(K_q4_1[ib].dm)*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].x * sumi;
-            const float m4s8scaled = __high2float(K_q4_1[ib].dm)*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].y / QI8_1;
+        const float2 K_dm = __half22float2(K_q4_1[ib].dm);
+        const float2 Q_ds = ((const float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
 
-            sum += (T) (sumid4d8 + m4s8scaled);
-        }
+        sum += K_dm.x*Q_ds.x*sumi + K_dm.y*Q_ds.y/QI8_1;
     }
 
     return sum;
 }
 
-template<typename T, int D, int warp_size>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_0(
+template<int D, int nthreads>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_0(
     const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8, const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
 
     const block_q5_0 * K_q5_0 = (const block_q5_0 *) K_c;
     GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
 
-    T sum = 0.0f;
+    float sum = 0.0f;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
-        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads);
 
         const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
         const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI5_0;
         const int iqs8  = k_KQ %  QI8_1;
         const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
 
-        int v = (get_int_b2(K_q5_0[ib].qs, iqs4) >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-        const int vh = get_int_b2(K_q5_0[ib].qh, 0) >> (iqs8 * QI5_0);
-        v |= (vh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
-        v |= (vh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
-        v |= (vh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
-        v |= (vh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
+        int v;
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(int), 2>(&v, K_q5_0[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
+        {
+            int vh;
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(int), 2>(&vh, K_q5_0[ib].qh);
+            vh >>= iqs8 * QI5_0;
+
+            v |= (vh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
+            v |= (vh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
+            v |= (vh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
+            v |= (vh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
+        }
 
-        const int sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v, u, 0);
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
 
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-        if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-            const half2  * Q_ds = (const half2  *) Q_ds_v;
+        const int sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v, u, 0);
 
-            const half2 sum2 = __half2half2(K_q5_0[ib].d) * Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
-            sum += (T) (((half) sumi)*__low2half(sum2) - __high2half(sum2)*__float2half(2.0f)) /* *16/QI8_1 == 2 */;
-        } else
-#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
-        {
-            const float2 * Q_ds = (const float2 *) Q_ds_v;
+        const float2 Q_ds = ((const float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
 
-            sum += (T) (__half2float(K_q5_0[ib].d) * (sumi*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].x - (16/QI8_1)*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].y));
-        }
+        sum += __half2float(K_q5_0[ib].d) * (sumi*Q_ds.x - (16/QI8_1)*Q_ds.y);
     }
 
     return sum;
 }
 
-template<typename T, int D, int warp_size>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_1(
+template<int D, int nthreads>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_1(
     const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8, const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
 
     const block_q5_1 * K_q5_1 = (const block_q5_1 *) K_c;
     GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
 
-    T sum = 0.0f;
+    float sum = 0.0f;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
-        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads);
 
         const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
         const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI5_1;
         const int iqs8  = k_KQ %  QI8_1;
         const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
 
-        int v = (get_int_b2(K_q5_1[ib].qs, iqs4) >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-        const int vh = get_int_b2(K_q5_1[ib].qh, 0) >> (iqs8 * QI5_1);
-        v |= (vh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
-        v |= (vh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
-        v |= (vh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
-        v |= (vh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
-
-        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
+        int v;
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(int)>(&v, K_q5_1[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-        const int sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v, u, 0);
+        {
+            int vh;
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(int)>(&vh, K_q5_1[ib].qh);
+            vh >>= iqs8 * QI5_0;
+
+            v |= (vh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
+            v |= (vh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
+            v |= (vh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
+            v |= (vh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
+        }
 
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-        if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-            const half2  * Q_ds = (const half2  *) Q_ds_v;
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
 
-            const half2 d5d8_m5s8 = K_q5_1[ib].dm * Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
-            const half2 sumid5d8_m5s8scaled = d5d8_m5s8 * make_half2(sumi, 1.0f/QI8_1);
-            sum += (T) (__low2half(sumid5d8_m5s8scaled) + __high2half(sumid5d8_m5s8scaled));
-        } else
-#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
-        {
-            const float2 * Q_ds = (const float2 *) Q_ds_v;
+        const int sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v, u, 0);
 
-            const float sumid5d8   =  __low2float(K_q5_1[ib].dm)*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].x * sumi;
-            const float m5s8scaled = __high2float(K_q5_1[ib].dm)*Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].y / QI8_1;
+        const float2 K_dm = __half22float2(K_q5_1[ib].dm);
+        const float2 Q_ds = ((const float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
 
-            sum += (T) (sumid5d8 + m5s8scaled);
-        }
+        sum += K_dm.x*Q_ds.x*sumi + K_dm.y*Q_ds.y/QI8_1;
     }
 
     return sum;
 }
 
-template <typename T, int D, int warp_size>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q8_0(
+template <int D, int nthreads>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q8_0(
     const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8, const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
 
     const block_q8_0 * K_q8_0 = (const block_q8_0 *) K_c;
     GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
 
-    T sum = 0.0f;
+    float sum = 0.0f;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
-        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads);
 
         const int ib  = k_KQ / QI8_0;
         const int iqs = k_KQ % QI8_0;
 
-        const int v = get_int_b2(K_q8_0[ib].qs, iqs);
+        int v;
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(v), 2>(&v, K_q8_0[ib].qs + 4*iqs);
 
-        T Q_d;
-        if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-            const half2  * Q_ds = (const half2  *) Q_ds_v;
-            Q_d = __low2half(Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size]);
-        } else {
-            const float2 * Q_ds = (const float2 *) Q_ds_v;
-            Q_d = Q_ds[k_KQ_0/warp_size].x;
-        }
+        const float2 * Q_ds = (const float2 *) Q_ds_v;
+        const float Q_d = Q_ds[k_KQ_0/nthreads].x;
 
-        sum += vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl<T, 1>(&v, &Q_q8[k_KQ_0/warp_size], K_q8_0[ib].d, Q_d);
+        sum += vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl<float, 1>(&v, &Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads], K_q8_0[ib].d, Q_d);
     }
 
     return sum;
 }
 
-template <typename T, int D, int warp_size>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_f16(
-    const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8 , const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
-
-    const half2 * K_h2 = (const half2 *) K_c;
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q_q8);
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q_ds_v);
-
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-    if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        const half2 * Q_h2 = (const half2 *) Q_v;
-
-        half2 sum2 = make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D/2; k_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
-            const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-            const half2 K_ik = K_h2[k_KQ];
-            sum2 += K_ik * Q_h2[k_KQ_0/warp_size];
-        }
-
-        return __low2half(sum2) + __high2half(sum2);
-    }
-#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
-
-    const float2 * Q_f2 = (const float2 *) Q_v;
-
-    float sum = 0.0f;
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D/2; k_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
-        const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-        const half2 K_ik = K_h2[k_KQ];
-        sum +=  __low2float(K_ik) * Q_f2[k_KQ_0/warp_size].x;
-        sum += __high2float(K_ik) * Q_f2[k_KQ_0/warp_size].y;
-    }
-
-    return sum;
-}
-
-template <typename Tds>
+template <typename Tds, int ni>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void quantize_q8_1_to_shared(
     const float * __restrict__ x, const float scale, int * __restrict__ yq32, void * __restrict__ yds) {
 
     float vals[sizeof(int)] = {0.0f};
 #pragma unroll
     for (int l = 0; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
-        vals[l] = scale * x[4*threadIdx.x + l];
+        vals[l] = (ni == WARP_SIZE || threadIdx.x < ni) ? scale * x[4*threadIdx.x + l] : 0.0f;
     }
 
     float amax = fabsf(vals[0]);
@@ -344,7 +292,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void quantize_q8_1_to_shared(
     }
 
     yq32[threadIdx.x] = q32;
-    if (threadIdx.x % QI8_1 == 0) {
+    if (threadIdx.x % QI8_1 == 0 && (ni == WARP_SIZE || threadIdx.x < ni)) {
         if (std::is_same<Tds, half2>::value) {
             ((half2  *) yds)[threadIdx.x/QI8_1] =  make_half2(d, sum);
         } else {
@@ -353,173 +301,336 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void quantize_q8_1_to_shared(
     }
 }
 
-typedef half  (*dequantize_1_f16_t)(const void *, const int64_t);
-typedef float (*dequantize_1_f32_t)(const void *, const int64_t);
+typedef void (*dequantize_V_t)(const void *, void *, const int64_t);
+
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_V_f16(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half>) {
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne*sizeof(half)>(dst, (const half *) vx + i0);
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        static_assert(ne % 2 == 0, "bad ne");
+        __align__(16) half2 tmp[ne/2];
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne*sizeof(half)>(tmp, (const half *) vx + i0);
+        float2 * dst_f2 = (float2 *) dst;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne/2; ++l) {
+            dst_f2[l] = __half22float2(tmp[l]);
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "unsupported type");
+    }
+}
 
-template <typename T>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T dequantize_1_q4_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, const int64_t i) {
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_V_q4_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
     const block_q4_0 * x = (const block_q4_0 *) vx;
 
-    const int64_t ib    =  i          /  QK4_0;
-    const int     iqs   =  i          % (QK4_0/2);
-    const int     shift = (i % QK4_0) / (QK4_0/2);
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK4_0;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK4_0/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK4_0) / (QK4_0/2);
+
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    q = __vsubss4(q, 0x08080808);
 
-    const T   d  = x[ib].d;
-    const int q0 = x[ib].qs[iqs];
-    const int q  = ((q0 >> (4*shift)) & 0x0F) - 8;
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
 
 #ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-    if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        return ((half) d)*((half) q);
-    }
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half>) {
+        const half2 d = __half2half2(x[ib].d);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((half2 *) dst)[l0/2] = d * make_half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]);
+        }
+    } else
 #endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const float d = x[ib].d;
 
-    return ((float) d)*((float) q);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = d * q8[l];
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T dequantize_1_q4_1(const void * __restrict__ vx, const int64_t i) {
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_V_q4_1(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
     const block_q4_1 * x = (const block_q4_1 *) vx;
 
-    const int64_t ib    =  i          /  QK4_1;
-    const int     iqs   =  i          % (QK4_1/2);
-    const int     shift = (i % QK4_1) / (QK4_1/2);
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK4_1;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK4_1/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK4_1) / (QK4_1/2);
+
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-    const half2 dm = x[ib].dm;
-    const int   q0 = x[ib].qs[iqs];
-    const int   q  = ((q0 >> (4*shift)) & 0x0F);
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
 
 #ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-    if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        return __low2half(dm)*((half) q) + __high2half(dm);
-    }
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half>) {
+        const half2 dm = x[ib].dm;
+        const half2 d  = __half2half2( __low2half(dm));
+        const half2 m  = __half2half2(__high2half(dm));
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((half2 *) dst)[l0/2] = d * make_half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]) + m;
+        }
+    } else
 #endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const float2 dm = __half22float2(x[ib].dm);
 
-    return __low2float(dm)*((float) q) + __high2float(dm);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = dm.x * q8[l] + dm.y;
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T dequantize_1_q5_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, const int64_t i) {
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_V_q5_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
     const block_q5_0 * x = (const block_q5_0 *) vx;
 
-    const int64_t ib    =  i          /  QK5_0;
-    const int     idq   =  i          %  QK5_0;
-    const int     iqs   =  i          % (QK5_0/2);
-    const int     shift = (i % QK5_0) / (QK5_0/2);
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK5_0;
+    const int     idq   =  i0          %  QK5_0;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK5_0/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK5_0) / (QK5_0/2);
 
-    const T   d   = x[ib].d;
-    const int ql0 = x[ib].qs[iqs];
-    const int qh0 = get_int_b2(x[ib].qh, 0);
-    const int ql  = ((ql0 >> (4*shift)) & 0x0F);
-    const int qh  = ((qh0 >> idq) << 4) & 0x10;
-    const int q   = (ql | qh) - 16;
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-    if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        return ((half) d)*((half) q);
+    {
+        int qh;
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(&qh, x[ib].qh);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            q |= ((qh >> (idq + l)) & 0x00000001) << (8*l + 4);
+        }
     }
+
+    q = __vsubss4(q, 0x10101010);
+
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
+
+#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half>) {
+        const half2 d = __half2half2(x[ib].d);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((half2 *) dst)[l0/2] = d * make_half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]);
+        }
+    } else
 #endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const float d = x[ib].d;
 
-    return ((float) d)*((float) q);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = d * q8[l];
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T dequantize_1_q5_1(const void * __restrict__ vx, const int64_t i) {
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_V_q5_1(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
     const block_q5_1 * x = (const block_q5_1 *) vx;
 
-    const int64_t ib    =  i          /  QK5_1;
-    const int     idq   =  i          %  QK5_1;
-    const int     iqs   =  i          % (QK5_1/2);
-    const int     shift = (i % QK5_1) / (QK5_1/2);
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK5_1;
+    const int     idq   =  i0          %  QK5_1;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK5_1/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK5_1) / (QK5_1/2);
 
-    const half2 dm  = x[ib].dm;
-    const int   ql0 = x[ib].qs[iqs];
-    const int   qh0 = get_int_b4(x[ib].qh, 0);
-    const int   ql  = ((ql0 >> (4*shift)) & 0x0F);
-    const int   qh  = ((qh0 >> idq) << 4) & 0x10;
-    const int   q   = (ql | qh);
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-    if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        return __low2half(dm)*((half) q) + __high2half(dm);
+    {
+        int qh;
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne>(&qh, x[ib].qh);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            q |= ((qh >> (idq + l)) & 0x00000001) << (8*l + 4);
+        }
     }
+
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
+
+#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half>) {
+        const half2 dm = x[ib].dm;
+        const half2 d  = __half2half2( __low2half(dm));
+        const half2 m  = __half2half2(__high2half(dm));
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((half2 *) dst)[l0/2] = d * make_half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]) + m;
+        }
+    } else
 #endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const float2 dm = __half22float2(x[ib].dm);
 
-    return __low2float(dm)*((float) q) + __high2float(dm);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = dm.x * q8[l] + dm.y;
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T dequantize_1_q8_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, const int64_t i) {
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_V_q8_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
     const block_q8_0 * x = (const block_q8_0 *) vx;
 
-    const int64_t ib  = i / QK8_0;
-    const int     iqs = i % QK8_0;
+    const int64_t ib  = i0 / QK8_0;
+    const int     iqs = i0 % QK8_0;
 
-    const T   d = x[ib].d;
-    const int q = x[ib].qs[iqs];
+    static_assert(ne % 2 == 0, "bad ne");
+    int8_t qs[ne];
+    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(qs, x[ib].qs + iqs);
 
 #ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-    if (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        return ((half) d)*((half) q);
-    }
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
+        const half2 d = __half2half2(x[ib].d);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((half2 *) dst)[l0/2] = d * make_half2(qs[l0 + 0], qs[l0 + 1]);
+        }
+    } else
 #endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<T, float>::value) {
+        const float d = x[ib].d;
 
-    return ((float) d)*((float) q);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = d * qs[l];
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "unsupported type");
+    }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static __device__ __forceinline__ T dequantize_1_f16(const void * __restrict__ vx, const int64_t i) {
-    const half * x = (const half *) vx;
-
-    return x[i];
+template <ggml_type type_K, int D, int nthreads>
+constexpr __device__ vec_dot_KQ_t get_vec_dot_KQ() {
+    if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_f16<D, nthreads>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_0<D, nthreads>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_1<D, nthreads>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_0<D, nthreads>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_1<D, nthreads>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q8_0<D, nthreads>;
+    } else {
+        static_assert(type_K == -1, "bad type");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
 }
 
-template <int D, int warp_size = WARP_SIZE>
-constexpr __device__ vec_dot_KQ_f16_t get_vec_dot_KQ_f16(ggml_type type_K) {
-    return type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_0<half, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_1<half, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_0<half, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_1<half, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q8_0<half, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_f16<half, D, warp_size> :
-        nullptr;
+template <ggml_type type_V, typename T, int ne>
+constexpr __device__ dequantize_V_t get_dequantize_V() {
+    if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return dequantize_V_f16<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        return dequantize_V_q4_0<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        return dequantize_V_q4_1<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0) {
+        return dequantize_V_q5_0<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
+        return dequantize_V_q5_1<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        return dequantize_V_q8_0<T, ne>;
+    } else {
+        static_assert(type_V == -1, "bad type");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
 }
 
-template <int D, int warp_size = WARP_SIZE>
-constexpr __device__ vec_dot_KQ_f32_t get_vec_dot_KQ_f32(ggml_type type_K) {
-    return type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_0<float, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_1<float, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_0<float, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_1<float, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q8_0<float, D, warp_size> :
-        type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_f16<float, D, warp_size> :
-        nullptr;
-}
+template <int ncols1>
+__launch_bounds__(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE/2, 1)
+static __global__ void flash_attn_mask_to_KV_max(
+        const half2 * __restrict__ mask, int * __restrict__ KV_max, const int ne30, const int s31, const int s33) {
+    const int ne31     = gridDim.x;
+    const int tid      = threadIdx.x;
+    const int sequence = blockIdx.y;
+    const int jt       = blockIdx.x;
 
-constexpr __device__ dequantize_1_f16_t get_dequantize_1_f16(ggml_type type_V) {
-    return type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? dequantize_1_q4_0<half> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ? dequantize_1_q4_1<half> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ? dequantize_1_q5_0<half> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 ? dequantize_1_q5_1<half> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? dequantize_1_q8_0<half> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? dequantize_1_f16<half> :
-        nullptr;
-}
+    mask += sequence*s33 + jt*ncols1*s31;
 
-constexpr __device__ dequantize_1_f32_t get_dequantize_1_f32(ggml_type type_V) {
-    return type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ? dequantize_1_q4_0<float> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ? dequantize_1_q4_1<float> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ? dequantize_1_q5_0<float> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 ? dequantize_1_q5_1<float> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ? dequantize_1_q8_0<float> :
-        type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? dequantize_1_f16<float> :
-        nullptr;
+    __shared__ int buf_iw[WARP_SIZE];
+    if (tid < WARP_SIZE) {
+        buf_iw[tid] = 1;
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    int KV_max_sj = (ne30 - 1) * FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
+    for (; KV_max_sj >= 0; KV_max_sj -= FATTN_KQ_STRIDE) {
+        int all_inf = 1;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols1; ++j) {
+            const float2 tmp = __half22float2(mask[j*s31 + KV_max_sj/2 + tid]);
+            all_inf = all_inf && int(isinf(tmp.x)) && int(isinf(tmp.y));
+        }
+
+        all_inf = warp_reduce_all(all_inf);
+        if (tid % WARP_SIZE == 0) {
+            buf_iw[tid / WARP_SIZE] = all_inf;
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        all_inf = buf_iw[tid % WARP_SIZE];
+        __syncthreads();
+        all_inf = warp_reduce_all(all_inf);
+
+        if (!all_inf) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If the break in the loop was not triggered, KV_max_sj is now -FATTN_KQ_STRIDE.
+    // If the break was triggered it's the lower edge of the tile with the first non-masked values.
+    // In either case, walk back the decrementation by FATTN_KQ_STRIDE.
+    KV_max_sj += FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
+
+    if (threadIdx.x != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    KV_max[sequence*ne31 + jt] = KV_max_sj;
 }
 
 template<int D, int ncols1, int ncols2> // D == head size
 __launch_bounds__(D, 1)
 static __global__ void flash_attn_stream_k_fixup(
-        float * __restrict__ dst, const float2 * __restrict__ dst_fixup, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int ne11) {
+        float * __restrict__ dst, const float2 * __restrict__ dst_fixup, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int ne03,
+        const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nbatch_fa) {
     constexpr int ncols = ncols1*ncols2;
 
     const int bidx0 = blockIdx.x;
@@ -530,11 +641,14 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_stream_k_fixup(
 
     const float * dst_fixup_data = ((const float *) dst_fixup) + gridDim.x*(2*2*ncols);
 
-    const int iter_k = ne11 / FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
-    const int iter_j = (ne01 + (ncols1 - 1)) / ncols1;
+    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
 
-    const int kbc0      = (bidx0 + 0)*iter_k*iter_j*(ne02/ncols2) / gridDim.x;
-    const int kbc0_stop = (bidx0 + 1)*iter_k*iter_j*(ne02/ncols2) / gridDim.x;
+    const int iter_k     = (ne11      + (nbatch_fa - 1)) / nbatch_fa;
+    const int iter_j     = (ne01      + (ncols1    - 1)) / ncols1;
+    const int iter_z_gqa = (gqa_ratio + (ncols2    - 1)) / ncols2;
+
+    const int kbc0      = int64_t(bidx0 + 0)*(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12*ne03) / gridDim.x;
+    const int kbc0_stop = int64_t(bidx0 + 1)*(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12*ne03) / gridDim.x;
 
     const bool did_not_have_any_data   = kbc0 == kbc0_stop;
     const bool wrote_beginning_of_tile = kbc0 % iter_k == 0;
@@ -543,14 +657,19 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_stream_k_fixup(
         return;
     }
 
-    const int channel = kbc0 / (iter_k*iter_j);
-    const int jt      = (kbc0 - channel*iter_k*iter_j) / iter_k;
+    // z_KV == K/V head index, zt_gqa = Q head start index per K/V head, jt = token position start index
+    const int sequence =  kbc0 /(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12);
+    const int z_KV     = (kbc0 - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence)/(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa);
+    const int zt_gqa   = (kbc0 - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV)/(iter_k*iter_j);
+    const int jt       = (kbc0 - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV - iter_k*iter_j * zt_gqa) / iter_k;
+
+    const int zt_Q = z_KV*gqa_ratio + zt_gqa*ncols2; // Global Q head start index.
 
-    if (jt*ncols1 + j >= ne01) {
+    if (jt*ncols1 + j >= ne01 || zt_gqa*ncols2 + c >= gqa_ratio) {
         return;
     }
 
-    dst += jt*ne02*(ncols1*D) + channel*(ncols2*D) + (j*ne02 + c)*D + tid;
+    dst += sequence*ne02*ne01*D + jt*ne02*(ncols1*D) + zt_Q*D + (j*ne02 + c)*D + tid;
 
     // Load the partial result that needs a fixup:
     float dst_val = 0.0f;
@@ -569,7 +688,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_stream_k_fixup(
     int bidx = bidx0 - 1;
     int kbc_stop = kbc0;
     while(true) {
-        const int kbc = bidx*iter_k*iter_j*(ne02/ncols2) / gridDim.x;
+        const int kbc = int64_t(bidx)*(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12*ne03) / gridDim.x;
         if (kbc == kbc_stop) { // Did not have any data.
             bidx--;
             kbc_stop = kbc;
@@ -607,24 +726,37 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_stream_k_fixup(
 }
 
 template<int D> // D == head size
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
 __launch_bounds__(D, 1)
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
 static __global__ void flash_attn_combine_results(
         const float  * __restrict__ VKQ_parts,
         const float2 * __restrict__ VKQ_meta,
         float * __restrict__ dst,
         const int parallel_blocks) {
-    VKQ_parts += parallel_blocks*D * gridDim.z*blockIdx.x;
-    VKQ_meta  += parallel_blocks   * gridDim.z*blockIdx.x;
-    dst       +=                 D * gridDim.z*blockIdx.x;
+    // Dimension 0: threadIdx.x
+    // Dimension 1: blockIdx.x
+    // Dimension 2: blockIdx.y
+    // Dimension 3: blockIdx.z
+    // Memory layout is permuted with [0, 2, 1, 3]
+
+    const int ne01 = gridDim.x;
+    const int ne02 = gridDim.y;
+
+    const int col      = blockIdx.x;
+    const int head     = blockIdx.y;
+    const int sequence = blockIdx.z;
+
+    const int j_dst_unrolled = (sequence*ne01 + col)*ne02 + head;
+
+    VKQ_parts += j_dst_unrolled * parallel_blocks*D;
+    VKQ_meta  += j_dst_unrolled * parallel_blocks;
+    dst       += j_dst_unrolled *                 D;
 
     const int tid = threadIdx.x;
     __builtin_assume(tid < D);
 
     extern __shared__ float2 meta[];
     for (int i = tid; i < 2*parallel_blocks; i += D) {
-        ((float *) meta)[i] = ((const float *)VKQ_meta) [blockIdx.z*(2*parallel_blocks) + i];
+        ((float *) meta)[i] = ((const float *)VKQ_meta) [i];
     }
 
     __syncthreads();
@@ -637,73 +769,41 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_combine_results(
     float VKQ_numerator   = 0.0f;
     float VKQ_denominator = 0.0f;
     for (int l = 0; l < parallel_blocks; ++l) {
-        const float diff = meta[l].x - kqmax;
-        float KQ_max_scale = expf(diff);
-        const uint32_t ftz_mask = 0xFFFFFFFF * (diff > SOFTMAX_FTZ_THRESHOLD);
-        *((uint32_t *) &KQ_max_scale) &= ftz_mask;
+        const float KQ_max_scale = expf(meta[l].x - kqmax);
 
-        VKQ_numerator   += KQ_max_scale * VKQ_parts[l*gridDim.z*D + blockIdx.z*D + tid];
+        VKQ_numerator   += KQ_max_scale * VKQ_parts[l*D + tid];
         VKQ_denominator += KQ_max_scale * meta[l].y;
     }
 
-    dst[blockIdx.z*D + tid] = VKQ_numerator / VKQ_denominator;
-}
-
-[[noreturn]]
-static void on_no_fattn_vec_case(const int D) {
-    if (D == 64) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported KV type combination for head_size 64.\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "By default only f16 KV cache is supported.\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "Compile with GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS for V cache quantization support.\n");
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-    } else if (D == 128) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported KV type combination for head_size 128.\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "Supported combinations:\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "  - K == q4_0, V == q4_0,  4.50 BPV\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "  - K == q8_0, V == q8_0,  8.50 BPV\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "  - K == f16,  V == f16,  16.00 BPV\n");
-        fprintf(stderr, "Compile with GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS for all combinations of q4_0, q4_1, q5_0, q5_1, q8_0, and f16.\n");
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-    } else {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported KV type combination for head_size %d.\n", D);
-        fprintf(stderr, "Only f16 is supported.\n");
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-    }
+    dst[tid] = VKQ_numerator / VKQ_denominator;
 }
 
 template <int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2>
 void launch_fattn(
     ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel, const int nwarps, const size_t nbytes_shared,
-    const int KQ_row_granularity, const bool need_f16_K, const bool need_f16_V, const bool stream_k, const int warp_size = WARP_SIZE
+    const int nbatch_fa, const bool need_f16_K, const bool need_f16_V, const bool stream_k, const int warp_size = WARP_SIZE
 ) {
     constexpr int ncols = ncols1 * ncols2;
 
-    const bool is_mla = DV == 512; // TODO better parameterization
-
     const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * K = dst->src[1];
     const ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(V || is_mla);
+    const bool V_is_K_view = V->view_src && (V->view_src == K || (V->view_src == K->view_src && V->view_offs == K->view_offs));
 
-    const ggml_tensor * mask = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask  = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * sinks = dst->src[4];
 
     ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
 
     GGML_ASSERT(Q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(KQV->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(      Q->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(Q));
-    GGML_ASSERT(      K->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(K));
-    GGML_ASSERT(!V || V->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(V));
+    GGML_ASSERT(Q->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(Q));
+    GGML_ASSERT(K->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(K));
+    GGML_ASSERT(V->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(V));
 
     GGML_ASSERT(!mask || mask->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!mask || mask->ne[1] >= GGML_PAD(Q->ne[1], 16) &&
-        "the Flash-Attention CUDA kernel requires the mask to be padded to 16 and at least n_queries big");
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && "Incorrect KV cache padding.");
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(Q->ne[3] == 1);
 
     ggml_cuda_pool & pool = ctx.pool();
     cudaStream_t main_stream = ctx.stream();
@@ -713,6 +813,7 @@ void launch_fattn(
 
     ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half>   K_f16(pool);
     ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half>   V_f16(pool);
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int>    KV_max(pool);
     ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float>  dst_tmp(pool);
     ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float2> dst_tmp_meta(pool);
 
@@ -721,88 +822,139 @@ void launch_fattn(
     size_t nb12 = K->nb[2];
     size_t nb13 = K->nb[3];
 
-    const char * V_data = V ? (const char *) V->data : nullptr;
-    size_t nb21 = V ? V->nb[1] : nb11;
-    size_t nb22 = V ? V->nb[2] : nb12;
-    size_t nb23 = V ? V->nb[3] : nb13;
+    const char * V_data = (const char *) V->data;
+    size_t nb21 = V->nb[1];
+    size_t nb22 = V->nb[2];
+    size_t nb23 = V->nb[3];
 
     if (need_f16_K && K->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguously_allocated(K));
-        K_f16.alloc(ggml_nelements(K));
-        to_fp16_cuda_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_cuda(K->type);
-        to_fp16(K_data, K_f16.ptr, ggml_nelements(K), main_stream);
-        K_data = (char *) K_f16.ptr;
-
         const size_t bs = ggml_blck_size(K->type);
         const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(K->type);
 
-        nb11 = nb11*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
-        nb12 = nb12*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
-        nb13 = nb13*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
+        K_f16.alloc(ggml_nelements(K));
+        if (ggml_is_contiguously_allocated(K)) {
+            to_fp16_cuda_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_cuda(K->type);
+            to_fp16(K_data, K_f16.ptr, ggml_nelements(K), main_stream);
+
+            nb11 = nb11*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
+            nb12 = nb12*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
+            nb13 = nb13*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(K->nb[0] == ts);
+            to_fp16_nc_cuda_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_cuda(K->type);
+            const int64_t s01 = nb11 / ts;
+            const int64_t s02 = nb12 / ts;
+            const int64_t s03 = nb13 / ts;
+            to_fp16(K_data, K_f16.ptr, K->ne[0], K->ne[1], K->ne[2], K->ne[3], s01, s02, s03, main_stream);
+
+            nb11 = K->ne[0] * sizeof(half);
+            nb12 = K->ne[1] * nb11;
+            nb13 = K->ne[2] * nb12;
+        }
+        K_data = (char *) K_f16.ptr;
+    }
+
+    if (need_f16_V && V->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        if (V_is_K_view) {
+            V_data = K_data;
+            nb21   = nb11;
+            nb22   = nb12;
+            nb23   = nb13;
+        } else {
+            const size_t bs = ggml_blck_size(V->type);
+            const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(V->type);
+
+            V_f16.alloc(ggml_nelements(V));
+            if (ggml_is_contiguously_allocated(V)) {
+                to_fp16_cuda_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_cuda(V->type);
+                to_fp16(V_data, V_f16.ptr, ggml_nelements(V), main_stream);
+                V_data = (char *) V_f16.ptr;
+
+                nb21 = nb21*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
+                nb22 = nb22*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
+                nb23 = nb23*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(V->nb[0] == ts);
+                to_fp16_nc_cuda_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_cuda(V->type);
+                const int64_t s01 = nb21 / ts;
+                const int64_t s02 = nb22 / ts;
+                const int64_t s03 = nb23 / ts;
+                to_fp16(V_data, V_f16.ptr, V->ne[0], V->ne[1], V->ne[2], V->ne[3], s01, s02, s03, main_stream);
+
+                nb21 = V->ne[0] * sizeof(half);
+                nb22 = V->ne[1] * nb21;
+                nb23 = V->ne[2] * nb22;
+            }
+            V_data = (char *) V_f16.ptr;
+        }
     }
 
-    if (V && need_f16_V && V->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguously_allocated(V));
-        V_f16.alloc(ggml_nelements(V));
-        to_fp16_cuda_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_cuda(V->type);
-        to_fp16(V_data, V_f16.ptr, ggml_nelements(V), main_stream);
-        V_data = (char *) V_f16.ptr;
+    const int ntiles_x     = ((Q->ne[1] + ncols1 - 1) / ncols1);
+    const int gqa_ratio    = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
+    const int ntiles_z_gqa = ((gqa_ratio + ncols2 - 1) / ncols2);
+    const int ntiles_dst   = ntiles_x * ntiles_z_gqa * K->ne[2] * Q->ne[3];
 
-        const size_t bs = ggml_blck_size(V->type);
-        const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(V->type);
+    // Optional optimization where the mask is scanned to determine whether part of the calculation can be skipped.
+    // Only worth the overhead if there is at lease one FATTN_KQ_STRIDE x FATTN_KQ_STRIDE square to be skipped or
+    //     multiple sequences of possibly different lengths.
+    if (mask && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && (Q->ne[1] >= 1024 || Q->ne[3] > 1)) {
+        const int s31 = mask->nb[1] / sizeof(half2);
+        const int s33 = mask->nb[3] / sizeof(half2);
 
-        nb21 = nb21*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
-        nb22 = nb22*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
-        nb23 = nb23*bs*sizeof(half)/ts;
-    }
+        const dim3 blocks_num_KV_max(ntiles_x, Q->ne[3], 1);
+        const dim3 block_dim_KV_max(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE/2, 1, 1);
 
-    int parallel_blocks = 1;
+        const int ne_KV_max = blocks_num_KV_max.x*blocks_num_KV_max.y;
+        const int iter_k = K->ne[1] / FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
 
-    const int ntiles_x = ((Q->ne[1] + ncols1 - 1) / ncols1);
-    const int ntiles_total = ntiles_x * (Q->ne[2] / ncols2) * Q->ne[3];
+        KV_max.alloc(ne_KV_max);
+        flash_attn_mask_to_KV_max<ncols1><<<blocks_num_KV_max, block_dim_KV_max, 0, main_stream>>>
+            ((const half2 *) mask->data, KV_max.ptr, iter_k, s31, s33);
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
+    }
 
     const dim3 block_dim(warp_size, nwarps, 1);
     int max_blocks_per_sm = 1; // Max. number of active blocks limited by occupancy.
     CUDA_CHECK(cudaOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor(&max_blocks_per_sm, fattn_kernel, block_dim.x * block_dim.y * block_dim.z, nbytes_shared));
+    GGML_ASSERT(max_blocks_per_sm > 0);
+    int parallel_blocks = max_blocks_per_sm;
+
+    const int ntiles_KV = (K->ne[1] + nbatch_fa - 1) / nbatch_fa; // Max. number of parallel blocks limited by KV cache length.
 
     dim3 blocks_num;
     if (stream_k) {
         // For short contexts it can be faster to have the SMs work on whole tiles because this lets us skip the fixup.
         const int max_blocks = max_blocks_per_sm*nsm;
-        const int tiles_nwaves = (ntiles_total + max_blocks - 1) / max_blocks;
-        const int tiles_efficiency_percent = 100 * ntiles_total / (max_blocks*tiles_nwaves);
+        const int tiles_nwaves = (ntiles_dst + max_blocks - 1) / max_blocks;
+        const int tiles_efficiency_percent = 100 * ntiles_dst / (max_blocks*tiles_nwaves);
 
-        const int nblocks_stream_k = max_blocks;
+        const int nblocks_stream_k = std::min(max_blocks, ntiles_KV*ntiles_dst);
 
-        const bool use_stream_k = cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE || tiles_efficiency_percent < 75;
+        const bool use_stream_k = cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE || amd_wmma_available(cc) || tiles_efficiency_percent < 75;
 
-        blocks_num.x = use_stream_k ? nblocks_stream_k : ntiles_total;
+        blocks_num.x = use_stream_k ? nblocks_stream_k : ntiles_dst;
         blocks_num.y = 1;
         blocks_num.z = 1;
 
-        dst_tmp_meta.alloc(blocks_num.x*ncols * (2*2 + DV) * sizeof(float));
+        if (ntiles_dst % blocks_num.x != 0) { // Fixup is only needed if the SMs work on fractional tiles.
+            dst_tmp_meta.alloc((size_t(blocks_num.x) * ncols * (2 + DV/2)));
+        }
     } else {
-        GGML_ASSERT(K->ne[1] % KQ_row_granularity == 0);
-        const int ntiles_KQ = K->ne[1] / KQ_row_granularity; // Max. number of parallel blocks limited by tensor size.
-
-        // parallel_blocks should be at least large enough to achieve max. occupancy for a single wave:
-        parallel_blocks = std::max((nsm * max_blocks_per_sm) / ntiles_total, 1);
-
         // parallel_blocks must not be larger than what the tensor size allows:
-        parallel_blocks = std::min(parallel_blocks, ntiles_KQ);
+        parallel_blocks = std::min(parallel_blocks, ntiles_KV);
 
         // If ntiles_total % blocks_per_wave != 0 then some efficiency is lost due to tail effects.
         // Test whether parallel_blocks can be set to a higher value for better efficiency.
         const int blocks_per_wave = nsm * max_blocks_per_sm;
         int nwaves_best = 0;
         int efficiency_percent_best = 0;
-        for (int parallel_blocks_test = parallel_blocks; parallel_blocks_test <= ntiles_KQ; ++parallel_blocks_test) {
-            const int nblocks_total = ntiles_total * parallel_blocks_test;
+        for (int parallel_blocks_test = parallel_blocks; parallel_blocks_test <= ntiles_KV; ++parallel_blocks_test) {
+            const int nblocks_total = ntiles_dst * parallel_blocks_test;
             const int nwaves = (nblocks_total + blocks_per_wave - 1) / blocks_per_wave;
             const int efficiency_percent = 100 * nblocks_total / (nwaves*blocks_per_wave);
 
             // Stop trying configurations with more waves if we already have good efficiency to avoid excessive overhead.
-            if (efficiency_percent_best >= 90 && nwaves > nwaves_best) {
+            if (efficiency_percent_best >= 95 && nwaves > nwaves_best) {
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -815,7 +967,7 @@ void launch_fattn(
 
         blocks_num.x = ntiles_x;
         blocks_num.y = parallel_blocks;
-        blocks_num.z = Q->ne[2]*Q->ne[3];
+        blocks_num.z = ntiles_z_gqa*K->ne[2]*Q->ne[3];
 
         if (parallel_blocks > 1) {
             dst_tmp.alloc(parallel_blocks*ggml_nelements(KQV));
@@ -841,36 +993,39 @@ void launch_fattn(
     const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
     const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
 
+    // TODO other tensor dimensions after removal of WMMA kernel:
+    const uint3 ne01 = init_fastdiv_values(Q->ne[1]);
+
     GGML_ASSERT(block_dim.x % warp_size == 0);
     fattn_kernel<<<blocks_num, block_dim, nbytes_shared, main_stream>>>(
         (const char *) Q->data,
         K_data,
         V_data,
         mask ? ((const char *) mask->data) : nullptr,
+        sinks ? ((const char *) sinks->data) : nullptr,
+        KV_max.ptr,
         !stream_k && parallel_blocks > 1 ? dst_tmp.ptr : (float *) KQV->data, dst_tmp_meta.ptr,
         scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
-        Q->ne[0], Q->ne[1], Q->ne[2], Q->ne[3],
-        K->ne[0], K->ne[1], K->ne[2], K->ne[3],
-        mask ? mask->ne[1] : 0, mask ?  mask->nb[1] : 0,
-        Q->nb[1], Q->nb[2], Q->nb[3],
-        nb11, nb12, nb13,
+        Q->ne[0], ne01,     Q->ne[2], Q->ne[3], Q->nb[1], Q->nb[2], Q->nb[3],
+        K->ne[0], K->ne[1], K->ne[2], K->ne[3], nb11, nb12, nb13,
         nb21, nb22, nb23,
-        KQV->ne[0], KQV->ne[1], KQV->ne[2], KQV->ne[3]
+        mask ? mask->ne[1] : 0, mask ? mask->ne[2] : 0, mask ? mask->ne[3] : 0,
+        mask ? mask->nb[1] : 0, mask ? mask->nb[2] : 0, mask ? mask->nb[3] : 0
     );
     CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
 
     if (stream_k) {
-        if (ntiles_total % blocks_num.x != 0) { // Fixup is only needed if the SMs work on fractional tiles.
+        if (ntiles_dst % blocks_num.x != 0) { // Fixup is only needed if the SMs work on fractional tiles.
             const dim3 block_dim_combine(DV, 1, 1);
             const dim3 blocks_num_combine = {blocks_num.x, ncols1, ncols2};
 
             flash_attn_stream_k_fixup<DV, ncols1, ncols2>
                 <<<blocks_num_combine, block_dim_combine, 0, main_stream>>>
-                ((float *) KQV->data, dst_tmp_meta.ptr, Q->ne[1], Q->ne[2], K->ne[1]);
+                ((float *) KQV->data, dst_tmp_meta.ptr, Q->ne[1], Q->ne[2], Q->ne[3], K->ne[1], K->ne[2], nbatch_fa);
         }
     } else if (parallel_blocks > 1) {
         const dim3 block_dim_combine(DV, 1, 1);
-        const dim3 blocks_num_combine(Q->ne[1], 1, blocks_num.z);
+        const dim3 blocks_num_combine(Q->ne[1], Q->ne[2], Q->ne[3]);
         const size_t nbytes_shared_combine = parallel_blocks*sizeof(float2);
 
         flash_attn_combine_results<DV>
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-mma-f16.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-mma-f16.cuh
index e230f6d494d..fff70c8eb89 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-mma-f16.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-mma-f16.cuh
@@ -5,284 +5,290 @@
 
 using namespace ggml_cuda_mma;
 
-typedef tile<16,  8, half2> tile_A;
-typedef tile< 8,  8, half2> tile_B;
-typedef tile<16,  8, half2> tile_B_16;
-typedef tile<16,  8, float> tile_C_KQ;
-typedef tile<16, 16, float> tile_C_KQ_16;
-typedef tile<16,  4, half2> tile_C_VKQ;
-typedef tile<16,  8, half2> tile_C_VKQ_16;
-
-// Config options for specific head sizes.
+// Config options for the MMA kernel.
 // Should not affect results, only speed/register pressure/shared memory use.
-//
-// nbatch_fa:      number of KV rows per softmax rescaling of KQ rowsums and VKQ accumulators.
-// nwarps_max:     maximum number of warps per CUDA block, up to 8 warps in total can run per SM (given enough shared memory).
-// Q_in_reg:       whether the Q values should be kept permanently in registers.
-// nstages_target: targeted number of pipeline stages for cp_async (if available), 0 means synchronous data loading.
-// nbatch_K2:      number of K half2 values in direction of DKQ to load in parallel.
-// nbatch_V2:      number of V half2 values in direction of DV to load in parallel.
-// nbatch_combine: number of VKQ half2 values in direction of DV to combine in parallel.
-
-template <int DKQ, int DV>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config;
-
-template <>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config< 64,  64> {
-    static constexpr int  nbatch_fa      = 64;
-    static constexpr int  nwarps_max     = 4;
-    static constexpr bool Q_in_reg       = true;
-    static constexpr int  nstages_target = 2;
-
-    static int get_nbatch_K2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 32;
-    }
-
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_K2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 32;
-    }
-
-    static int get_nbatch_V2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 32;
-    }
-
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_V2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 32;
-    }
-
-    static int get_nbatch_combine_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 32;
-    }
-
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_combine_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 32;
-    }
+struct fattn_mma_config {
+    int  nthreads;       // Number of threads per CUDA block.
+    int  occupancy;      // Targeted occupancy for the MMA kernel.
+    int  nbatch_fa;      // Number of KV rows per softmax rescaling of KQ rowsums and VKQ accumulators.
+    int  nbatch_K2;      // Number of K half2 values in direction of DKQ to load in parallel.
+    int  nbatch_V2;      // Number of V half2 values in direction of DV to load in parallel.
+    int  nbatch_combine; // Number of VKQ half2 values in direction of DV to combine in parallel.
+    int  nstages_target; // Number of pipeline stages to use ideally, 1 == always load data synchronously, 2 == preload data if there is hardware support.
+    bool Q_in_reg;       // Whether the Q values should be kept permanently in registers.
+
+    constexpr __host__ __device__ fattn_mma_config(
+            int nthreads, int occupancy, int nbatch_fa, int nbatch_K2, int nbatch_V2, int nbatch_combine, int nstages_target, bool Q_in_reg) :
+        nthreads(nthreads), occupancy(occupancy), nbatch_fa(nbatch_fa), nbatch_K2(nbatch_K2), nbatch_V2(nbatch_V2), nbatch_combine(nbatch_combine),
+        nstages_target(nstages_target), Q_in_reg(Q_in_reg) {}
 };
 
-template <>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config< 80,  80> {
-    static constexpr int  nbatch_fa      = 64;
-    static constexpr int  nwarps_max     = 4;
-    static constexpr bool Q_in_reg       = true;
-    static constexpr int  nstages_target = 2;
-
-    static int get_nbatch_K2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 40;
-    }
+#define GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(DKQ_, DV_, ncols_, nthreads_, occupancy_, nbatch_fa_, nbatch_K2_, nbatch_V2_, nbatch_combine_, nstages_target_, Q_in_reg_) \
+    if (DKQ == (DKQ_) && DV == (DV_) && ncols == (ncols_)) {                                                                                                       \
+        static_assert((nthreads_)       % 32 == 0 && (nthreads_)       <= 512, "bad nthreads");                                                                    \
+        static_assert(                               (occupancy_)      <=   8, "bad occupancy");                                                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_fa_)      % 32 == 0 && (nbatch_fa_)      <= 256, "bad nbatch_fa");                                                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_K2_)      %  4 == 0 && (nbatch_K2_)      <= 512, "bad nbatch_K2");                                                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_V2_)      %  4 == 0 && (nbatch_V2_)      <= 256, "bad nbatch_V2");                                                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_combine_) %  4 == 0 && (nbatch_combine_) <= 128, "bad nbatch_combine");                                                              \
+        static_assert((nstages_target_)      >= 1 && (nstages_target_) <=   2, "bad nstages_target");                                                              \
+        return fattn_mma_config{(nthreads_), (occupancy_), (nbatch_fa_), (nbatch_K2_), (nbatch_V2_), (nbatch_combine_), (nstages_target_), (Q_in_reg_)};           \
+    }                                                                                                                                                              \
+
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ fattn_mma_config ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_ampere(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 2, 128,  32,  32,  32, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 128, 2,  64,  32,  32,  32, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 128, 2,  64,  32,  32,  32, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 128, 2,  64,  32,  32,  32, 2, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 128, 2, 128,  40,  40,  40, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 128, 2,  64,  40,  40,  40, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 128, 2,  64,  40,  40,  40, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 64, 128, 2,  64,  40,  40,  40, 2, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 128, 2, 128,  48,  48,  48, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 128, 2,  64,  48,  48,  48, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 128, 2,  64,  48,  48,  48, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 64, 128, 2,  64,  48,  48,  48, 2, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 128, 2, 128,  56,  56,  56, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 128, 2,  64,  56,  56,  56, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 128, 2,  64,  56,  56,  56, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 64, 128, 2,  64,  56,  56,  56, 2, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 128, 2, 128,  64,  64,  64, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 128, 2,  64,  64,  64,  64, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 128, 2,  64,  64,  64,  64, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 64, 128, 2,  64,  64,  64,  64, 2, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8,  64, 4,  64, 128, 128, 128, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16,  64, 4,  32, 128, 128, 128, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 128, 2,  32, 128, 128, 128, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 64, 128, 2,  32, 128, 128, 128, 2, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8,  64, 4,  32, 288, 256, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16,  64, 4,  32, 288, 256, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 128, 2,  32, 160, 128, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 64, 256, 1,  32, 160, 128, 128, 1, false);
+
+    return fattn_mma_config(32, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false);
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_K2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 40;
-    }
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ fattn_mma_config ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_turing(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 128, 2,  64, 128, 128, 128, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 128, 2,  64, 128, 128, 128, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 128, 2,  64, 128, 128,  64, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 64, 128, 2,  64, 128, 128,  64, 2, true);
 
-    static int get_nbatch_V2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 40;
-    }
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8,  64, 4,  32,  96,  64, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16,  64, 4,  32,  96,  64, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 128, 2,  32, 160, 128, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 64, 256, 1,  32, 160, 128, 128, 1, false);
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_V2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 40;
-    }
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_ampere(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_combine_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 40;
-    }
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ fattn_mma_config ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_volta(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8,  64, 4,  32, 288, 256,  64, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16,  64, 4,  32, 288, 256,  64, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 128, 2,  32, 160, 128,  64, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 64, 256, 1,  32, 160, 128,  64, 1, false);
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_combine_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 40;
-    }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config< 96,  96> {
-    static constexpr int  nbatch_fa      = 64;
-    static constexpr int  nwarps_max     = 4;
-    static constexpr bool Q_in_reg       = true;
-    static constexpr int  nstages_target = 2;
+    // TODO tune specifically for Volta
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_ampere(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_K2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 48;
-    }
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ fattn_mma_config ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_rdna(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 128, 2,  64, 128, 128, 128, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 128, 2,  64, 128, 128,  64, 2, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 64, 128, 2,  64, 128, 128,  64, 2, true);
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_K2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 48;
-    }
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16,  64, 4,  32,  96,  64, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 128, 2,  32, 160, 128, 128, 1, false);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 64, 256, 1,  32, 160, 128, 128, 1, false);
 
-    static int get_nbatch_V2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 48;
-    }
+    // TODO tune specifically for RDNA
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_ampere(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_V2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 48;
-    }
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ fattn_mma_config ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_cdna(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    // Conservative configs for CDNA (MI100+): 64KB LDS, wavefront64, nstages=1 (no cp.async).
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 2, 128,  32,  32,  32, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 128, 2,  64,  32,  32,  32, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 128, 2,  64,  32,  32,  32, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 256, 2,  64,  32,  32,  32, 1, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 128, 2, 128,  40,  40,  40, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 128, 2,  64,  40,  40,  40, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 128, 2,  64,  40,  40,  40, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 64, 256, 2,  64,  40,  40,  40, 1, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 128, 2, 128,  48,  48,  48, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 128, 2,  64,  48,  48,  48, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 128, 2,  64,  48,  48,  48, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 64, 256, 2,  64,  48,  48,  48, 1, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 128, 2, 128,  56,  56,  56, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 128, 2,  64,  56,  56,  56, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 128, 2,  64,  56,  56,  56, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 64, 256, 2,  64,  56,  56,  56, 1, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 128, 2, 128,  64,  64,  64, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 128, 2,  64,  64,  64,  64, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 128, 2,  64,  64,  64,  64, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 64, 256, 2,  64,  64,  64,  64, 1, true);
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8,  64, 4,  64, 128, 128, 128, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16,  64, 4,  32, 128, 128, 128, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 128, 2,  32, 128, 128, 128, 1, true);
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_MMA_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 64, 256, 2,  32, 128, 128, 128, 1, true);
+
+    // Fallback for unsupported DKQ values (e.g. 576). Must return non-zero values to satisfy
+    // compile-time static_asserts even though the kernel guard prevents runtime execution.
+    // nthreads=256 gives nwarps=4 (warp_size=64) or 8 (warp_size=32), nbatch_fa=128 satisfies np*16 divisibility.
+    return fattn_mma_config(256, 1, 128, 4, 4, 4, 1, false);
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_combine_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 48;
+static __host__ fattn_mma_config ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    if (ampere_mma_available(cc)) {
+        return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_ampere(DKQ, DV, ncols);
     }
-
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_combine_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 48;
+    if (turing_mma_available(cc)) {
+        return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_turing(DKQ, DV, ncols);
     }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config<112, 112> {
-    static constexpr int  nbatch_fa      = 64;
-    static constexpr int  nwarps_max     = 4;
-    static constexpr bool Q_in_reg       = true;
-    static constexpr int  nstages_target = 2;
-
-    static int get_nbatch_K2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 56;
+    if (amd_mfma_available(cc)) {
+        return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_cdna(DKQ, DV, ncols);
     }
-
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_K2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 56;
+    if (amd_wmma_available(cc)) {
+        return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_rdna(DKQ, DV, ncols);
     }
+    GGML_ASSERT(volta_mma_available(cc));
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_volta(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_V2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 56;
-    }
+static constexpr __device__ fattn_mma_config ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+#if defined(AMPERE_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_ampere(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#elif defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_turing(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_cdna(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#elif defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_volta(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config_rdna(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    return fattn_mma_config(32, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false);
+#endif // defined(AMPERE_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_V2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 56;
-    }
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nthreads(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).nthreads;
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_combine_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 56;
-    }
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nthreads(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).nthreads;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_combine_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 56;
-    }
-};
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_occupancy(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).occupancy;
+}
 
-template <>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config<128, 128> {
-    static constexpr int  nbatch_fa      = 64;
-    static constexpr int  nwarps_max     = 4;
-    static constexpr bool Q_in_reg       = true;
-    static constexpr int  nstages_target = 2;
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_occupancy(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).occupancy;
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_K2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 64;
-    }
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_fa(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).nbatch_fa;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_K2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 64;
-    }
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_fa(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).nbatch_fa;
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_V2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 64;
-    }
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_K2(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).nbatch_K2;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_V2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 64;
-    }
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_K2(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).nbatch_K2;
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_combine_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 64;
-    }
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_V2(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).nbatch_V2;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_combine_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 64;
-    }
-};
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_V2(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).nbatch_V2;
+}
 
-template <>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config<256, 256> {
-    static constexpr int  nbatch_fa      = 32;
-    static constexpr int  nwarps_max     = 4;
-    static constexpr bool Q_in_reg       = true;
-    static constexpr int  nstages_target = 2;
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_combine(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).nbatch_combine;
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_K2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 128;
-    }
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_combine(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).nbatch_combine;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_K2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 128;
-    }
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages_target(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).nstages_target;
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_V2_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 128;
-    }
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages_target(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).nstages_target;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_V2_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 128;
-    }
+static __host__ bool ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_Q_in_reg(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc).Q_in_reg;
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_combine_host(const int cc, const int ncols) {
-        if (ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING) {
-            return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
-        }
-        return 64;
-    }
+static constexpr __device__ bool ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_Q_in_reg(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols).Q_in_reg;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_combine_device(int ncols) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
-        return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
+static constexpr __device__ int get_cols_per_thread() {
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return 1; // AMD has a single column per thread.
 #else
-        GGML_UNUSED(ncols);
-        return 128;
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
-    }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct fattn_mma_f16_config<576, 512> {
-    static constexpr int  nbatch_fa      = 32;
-    static constexpr int  nwarps_max     = 8;
-    static constexpr bool Q_in_reg       = false;
-    static constexpr int  nstages_target = 1;
+    return 2; // This is specifically KQ columns, Volta only has a single VKQ column.
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+}
 
-    static int get_nbatch_K2_host(const int cc, const int ncols) {
-        if (ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING) {
-            return ncols <= 16 ? 96 : 160;
-        }
-        return ncols <= 16 ? 288 : 160;
+static __host__ int get_cols_per_warp(const int cc) {
+    if (turing_mma_available(cc) || amd_wmma_available(cc) || amd_mfma_available(cc)) {
+        return 16;
+    } else {
+        // Volta
+        return 32;
     }
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_K2_device(int ncols) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
-        return ncols <= 16 ? 96 : 160;
-#else
-        return ncols <= 16 ? 288 : 160;
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
-    }
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    static int get_nbatch_V2_host(const int cc, const int ncols) {
-        if (ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING) {
-            return ncols <= 16 ? 64 : 128;
-        }
-        return ncols <= 16 ? 256 : 128;
-    }
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols1, const int ncols2, const int cc) {
+    return cp_async_available(cc) && ncols2 >= 2 ? ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages_target(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2, cc) : 0;
+}
 
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_V2_device(int ncols) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
-        return ncols <= 16 ? 64 : 128;
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols1, const int ncols2) {
+#ifdef CP_ASYNC_AVAILABLE
+    return ncols2 >= 2 ? ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages_target(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2) : 0;
 #else
-        return ncols <= 16 ? 256 : 128;
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
-    }
-
-    static int get_nbatch_combine_host(const int /*cc*/, const int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 128;
-    }
-
-    static constexpr __device__ int get_nbatch_combine_device(int /*ncols*/) {
-        return 128;
-    }
-};
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2);
+    return 0;
+#endif // CP_ASYNC_AVAILABLE
+}
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-template<int stride_tile, int nwarps, int nbatch_fa, bool use_cp_async>
+template<int stride_tile, int nwarps, int nbatch_fa, bool use_cp_async, bool oob_check>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile(
-        const half2 * const __restrict__ KV, half2 * const __restrict__ tile_KV, const int D2, const int stride_KV) {
-
+        const half2 * const __restrict__ KV, half2 * const __restrict__ tile_KV, const int D2, const int stride_KV, const int i_sup) {
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
     // K/V data is loaded with decreasing granularity for D for better memory bandwidth.
     // The minimum granularity with cp.async is 16 bytes, with synchronous data loading it's 4 bytes.
-
-    if (use_cp_async) {
+    if constexpr (use_cp_async) {
+        static_assert(!oob_check, "OOB check not compatible with cp_async");
         constexpr int preload = 64;
         constexpr int h2_per_chunk = 16/sizeof(half2);
         const int chunks_per_row = D2 / h2_per_chunk;
@@ -290,10 +296,10 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile(
         const unsigned int tile_KV_32 = ggml_cuda_cvta_generic_to_shared(tile_KV);
 
         auto load = [&] __device__ (auto n) {
-            const int stride_k = WARP_SIZE >> n;
-            const int k0_start = stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : chunks_per_row - chunks_per_row % (2*stride_k);
+            const int stride_k = warp_size >> n;
+            const int k0_start = stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : chunks_per_row - chunks_per_row % (2*stride_k);
             const int k0_stop  =                             chunks_per_row - chunks_per_row % (1*stride_k);
-            const int stride_i = WARP_SIZE / stride_k;
+            const int stride_i = warp_size / stride_k;
 
             if (k0_start == k0_stop) {
                 return;
@@ -301,7 +307,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile(
 
 #pragma unroll
             for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += nwarps*stride_i) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*stride_i + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
+                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*stride_i + (stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
 
                 if (i0 + nwarps*stride_i > nbatch_fa && i >= nbatch_fa) {
                     break;
@@ -309,20 +315,26 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile(
 
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int k0 = k0_start; k0 < k0_stop; k0 += stride_k) {
-                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
+                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == warp_size ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
 
                     cp_async_cg_16<preload>(tile_KV_32 + i*(stride_tile*sizeof(half2)) + k*16, KV + i*stride_KV + k*h2_per_chunk);
                 }
             }
         };
-        ggml_cuda_unroll<5>{}(load);
+        // 1: max 32*16=512 bytes, 256 half
+        // 2: max 16*16=256 bytes, 128 half
+        // 3: max  8*16=128 bytes,  64 half
+        // 4: max  4*16= 64 bytes,  32 half
+        // 5: max  2*16= 32 bytes,  16 half
+        // 6: max  1*16= 16 bytes,   8 half
+        ggml_cuda_unroll<6>{}(load);
     } else {
-        static_assert(nbatch_fa % (4*nwarps) == 0, "out of bounds");
+        // TODO use ggml_cuda_memcpy_1
         auto load = [&] __device__ (const int n) {
-            const int stride_k = WARP_SIZE >> n;
-            const int k0_start = stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : D2 - D2 % (2*stride_k);
+            const int stride_k = warp_size >> n;
+            const int k0_start = stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : D2 - D2 % (2*stride_k);
             const int k0_stop  =                             D2 - D2 % (1*stride_k);
-            const int stride_i = WARP_SIZE / stride_k;
+            const int stride_i = warp_size / stride_k;
 
             if (k0_start == k0_stop) {
                 return;
@@ -330,7 +342,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile(
 
 #pragma unroll
             for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += nwarps*stride_i) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*stride_i + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
+                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*stride_i + (stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
 
                 if (i0 + nwarps*stride_i > nbatch_fa && i >= nbatch_fa) {
                     break;
@@ -338,140 +350,183 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile(
 
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int k0 = k0_start; k0 < k0_stop; k0 += stride_k) {
-                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
+                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == warp_size ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
 
-                    tile_KV[i*stride_tile + k] = KV[i*stride_KV + k];
+                    tile_KV[i*stride_tile + k] = !oob_check || i < i_sup ? KV[i*stride_KV + k] : make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
                 }
             }
         };
-        ggml_cuda_unroll<3>{}(load);
+        // 1: max 32* 4=128 bytes,  64 half
+        // 2: max 16* 4= 64 bytes,  32 half
+        // 3: max  8* 4= 32 bytes,  16 half
+        // 4: max  4* 4= 16 bytes,   8 half
+        ggml_cuda_unroll<4>{}(load);
     }
 }
 
-template<int ncols1, int nwarps, int nbatch_fa, bool use_cp_async>
+template<int ncols1, int nwarps, int nbatch_fa, bool use_cp_async, bool oob_check>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_load_mask(
-        const half2 * const __restrict__ mask_h2, half2 * const __restrict__ tile_mask, const int stride_mask) {
-    static_assert(nbatch_fa == 2*WARP_SIZE || WARP_SIZE % nbatch_fa == 0, "bad KQ_per_iter");
-
-    if (use_cp_async) {
+        const half * const __restrict__ mask_h, half * const __restrict__ tile_mask,
+        const int stride_mask, const int i_sup, const int j0, const uint3 ne01) {
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    if constexpr (use_cp_async) {
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa <= 8*warp_size && nbatch_fa % 8 == 0, "bad nbatch_fa");
+        static_assert(!oob_check, "OOB check incompatible with cp_async");
         constexpr int preload = nbatch_fa >= 32 ? nbatch_fa * sizeof(half) : 64;
-        constexpr int cols_per_warp = 8*WARP_SIZE/nbatch_fa;
+        constexpr int cols_per_warp = 8*warp_size/nbatch_fa;
         constexpr int stride_j = nwarps * cols_per_warp;
 
         const unsigned int tile_mask_32 = ggml_cuda_cvta_generic_to_shared(tile_mask);
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols1; j0 += stride_j) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp +
-                (nbatch_fa == 2*WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x / (WARP_SIZE/4) : threadIdx.x / (WARP_SIZE/cols_per_warp));
+        for (int j1 = 0; j1 < ncols1; j1 += stride_j) {
+            const int j_sram = j1 + threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + threadIdx.x / (warp_size/cols_per_warp);
+            const int j_vram = fastmodulo(j0 + j_sram, ne01);
 
-            if (j0 + stride_j > ncols1 && j >= ncols1) {
+            if (j1 + stride_j > ncols1 && j_sram >= ncols1) {
                 break;
             }
 
-            const int i = 4 * (threadIdx.x % (nbatch_fa/8));
+            const int i = 8 * (threadIdx.x % (nbatch_fa/8));
 
-            cp_async_cg_16<preload>(tile_mask_32 + j*(nbatch_fa*sizeof(half) + 16) + i*sizeof(half2), mask_h2 + j*stride_mask + i);
+            cp_async_cg_16<preload>(tile_mask_32 + j_sram*(nbatch_fa*sizeof(half) + 16) + i*sizeof(half), mask_h + j_vram*stride_mask + i);
         }
-        return;
-    }
+    } else if constexpr (oob_check) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j1 = 0; j1 < ncols1; j1 += nwarps) {
+            const int j_sram = j1 + threadIdx.y;
+            const int j_vram = fastmodulo(j0 + j_sram, ne01);
+
+            if (j1 + nwarps > ncols1 && j_sram >= ncols1) {
+                break;
+            }
 
-    constexpr int cols_per_warp = 2*WARP_SIZE/nbatch_fa;
-    constexpr int stride_j = nwarps * cols_per_warp;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols1; j0 += stride_j) {
-        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + (nbatch_fa == 2*WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / (WARP_SIZE/cols_per_warp));
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += warp_size) {
+                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-        if (j0 + stride_j > ncols1 && j >= ncols1) {
-            break;
+                tile_mask[j_sram*(nbatch_fa + 8) + i] = i < i_sup ? mask_h[j_vram*stride_mask + i] : half(0.0f);
+            }
         }
+    } else if constexpr (nbatch_fa < 2*warp_size) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_warp = 2*warp_size/nbatch_fa;
+        constexpr int stride_j = nwarps * cols_per_warp;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j1 = 0; j1 < ncols1; j1 += stride_j) {
+            const int j_sram = j1 + threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + threadIdx.x / (warp_size/cols_per_warp);
+            const int j_vram = fastmodulo(j0 + j_sram, ne01);
 
-        const int i = nbatch_fa == 2*WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/cols_per_warp);
+            if (j1 + stride_j > ncols1 && j_sram >= ncols1) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            const int i = threadIdx.x % (warp_size/cols_per_warp);
 
-        tile_mask[j*(nbatch_fa/2 + 4) + i] = mask_h2[j*stride_mask + i];
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(half2)>(tile_mask + j_sram*(nbatch_fa + 8) + 2*i, mask_h + j_vram*stride_mask + 2*i);
+        }
+    } else {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j1 = 0; j1 < ncols1; j1 += nwarps) {
+            const int j_sram = j1 + threadIdx.y;
+            const int j_vram = fastmodulo(j0 + j_sram, ne01);
+
+            if (j1 + nwarps > ncols1 && j_sram >= ncols1) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += 2*warp_size) {
+                const int i = i0 + 2*threadIdx.x;
+
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(half2)>(tile_mask + j_sram*(nbatch_fa + 8) + i, mask_h + j_vram*stride_mask + i);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
-template<int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, int nwarps, int ntiles, bool use_logit_softcap, bool mla, bool needs_fixup, bool is_fixup, bool last_iter>
+template<int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, int nwarps,
+    bool use_logit_softcap, bool V_is_K_view, bool needs_fixup, bool is_fixup, bool last_iter, bool oob_check,
+    typename T_A_KQ, typename T_B_KQ, typename T_C_KQ, typename T_A_VKQ, typename T_B_VKQ, typename T_C_VKQ>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_iter(
         const float2 * const __restrict__ Q_f2,
         const half2  * const __restrict__ K_h2,
         const half2  * const __restrict__ V_h2,
-        const half2  * const __restrict__ mask_h2,
+        const half   * const __restrict__ mask_h,
         float2       * const __restrict__ dstk,
         float2       * const __restrict__ dstk_fixup,
         const float scale,
         const float slope,
         const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne01,
+        const uint3 ne01,
         const int ne02,
         const int stride_K,
         const int stride_V,
         const int stride_mask,
-        const int jt,
         half2        * const __restrict__ tile_Q,
         half2        * const __restrict__ tile_K,
         half2        * const __restrict__ tile_V,
-        half2        * const __restrict__ tile_mask,
-        const tile_B * const __restrict__ Q_B,
-        tile_C_VKQ   * const __restrict__ VKQ_C,
+        half         * const __restrict__ tile_mask,
+        T_B_KQ       * const __restrict__ Q_B,
+        T_C_VKQ      * const __restrict__ VKQ_C,
         float        * const __restrict__ KQ_max,
         float        * const __restrict__ KQ_rowsum,
-        const int kb0) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    typedef fattn_mma_f16_config<DKQ, DV> c;
-
-#ifdef CP_ASYNC_AVAILABLE
-    constexpr int nstages = c::nstages_target;
-#else
-    constexpr int nstages = 0;
-#endif // CP_ASYNC_AVAILABLE
-
-    constexpr int cols_per_warp   = ntiles * tile_B::I;
-    constexpr int cols_per_thread = ntiles == 1 ? 2 : ntiles;
-    constexpr int np              = nwarps * (cols_per_warp/ncols2) / ncols1; // Number of parallel CUDA warps per Q column.
-    constexpr int ncols           = ncols1 * ncols2;
-    constexpr int nbatch_K2       = c::get_nbatch_K2_device(ncols);
-    constexpr int nbatch_V2       = c::get_nbatch_V2_device(ncols);
+        const int jt,
+        const int kb0,
+        const int k_VKQ_sup) {
+#if defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || (defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && defined(RDNA4)) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr int  warp_size       = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    constexpr int  ncols           = ncols1 * ncols2;
+    constexpr int  cols_per_warp   = T_B_KQ::I;
+    constexpr int  cols_per_thread = get_cols_per_thread();
+    constexpr int  np              = cols_per_warp > ncols ? nwarps : nwarps * cols_per_warp/ncols; // Number of parallel CUDA warps per Q column.
+    constexpr int  nbatch_fa       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int  nbatch_K2       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_K2(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int  nbatch_V2       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_V2(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr bool Q_in_reg        = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_Q_in_reg (DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int  nstages         = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages  (DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2);
 
     constexpr int stride_tile_Q = DKQ/2     + 4;
     constexpr int stride_tile_K = nbatch_K2 + 4;
 
-    static_assert(!mla || nbatch_K2 >= nbatch_V2, "bad nbatch_K2, nbatch_V2 for MLA");
-    constexpr int stride_tile_V = mla ? stride_tile_K : nbatch_V2 + 4;
-
-    const int k_VKQ_0 = kb0 * c::nbatch_fa;
-    tile_C_KQ KQ_C[c::nbatch_fa/(np*tile_C_KQ::I) * ntiles];
+    constexpr int stride_tile_V = V_is_K_view ? stride_tile_K : nbatch_V2 + 4;
 
-    // Use wide variants of tiles if ntiles >= 2.
-    tile_B_16     * Q_B_16   = (tile_B_16     *) Q_B;
-    tile_C_VKQ_16 * VKQ_C_16 = (tile_C_VKQ_16 *) VKQ_C;
-    tile_C_KQ_16  * KQ_C_16  = (tile_C_KQ_16  *) KQ_C;
+    const int k_VKQ_0 = kb0 * nbatch_fa;
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+    T_C_KQ KQ_C[nbatch_fa/(np*(cols_per_warp == 8 ? T_C_KQ::I : T_C_KQ::J))];
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    T_C_KQ KQ_C[nbatch_fa/(np*T_C_KQ::J)];
+#else // Volta
+    T_C_KQ KQ_C[nbatch_fa/(np*T_C_KQ::J)];
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
     if constexpr (nstages > 1) {
-        static_assert(!mla, "multi-stage loading not implemented for MLA");
+        static_assert(!oob_check, "OOB check incompatible with multi-stage pipeline");
+        static_assert(!V_is_K_view, "K data reuse not implemented multi-stage loading");
         static_assert(nbatch_K2 == DKQ/2, "batching not implemented for multi stage loading");
         constexpr bool use_cp_async = true;
         cp_async_wait_all();
         __syncthreads();
-        flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_V, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>
-            (V_h2 + k_VKQ_0*stride_V, tile_V, nbatch_V2, stride_V);
+        flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_V, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+            (V_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0)*stride_V, tile_V, nbatch_V2, stride_V, k_VKQ_sup);
     } else {
         constexpr bool use_cp_async = nstages == 1;
-        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h2) {
-            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_mask<ncols1, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>(mask_h2 + k_VKQ_0/2, tile_mask, stride_mask);
+        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h) {
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_mask<ncols1, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+                (mask_h + k_VKQ_0, tile_mask, stride_mask, k_VKQ_sup, jt*ncols1, ne01);
         }
     }
 
+    // For MLA K and V have the same data.
+    // Therefore, iterate over K in reverse and later re-use the data if possible.
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k0_start = 0; k0_start < DKQ/2; k0_start += nbatch_K2) {
+    for (int k0_start = (DKQ/2-1) - (DKQ/2-1) % nbatch_K2; k0_start >= 0; k0_start -= nbatch_K2) {
         const int k0_stop = k0_start + nbatch_K2 < DKQ/2 ? k0_start + nbatch_K2 : DKQ/2;
         const int k0_diff = k0_stop - k0_start;
 
-        if (nstages <= 1) {
+        if constexpr (nstages <= 1) {
             constexpr bool use_cp_async = nstages == 1;
-            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_K, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>
-                (K_h2 + k_VKQ_0*stride_K + k0_start, tile_K, k0_diff, stride_K);
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_K, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+                (K_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0)*stride_K + k0_start, tile_K, k0_diff, stride_K, k_VKQ_sup);
             if (use_cp_async) {
                 cp_async_wait_all();
             }
@@ -479,55 +534,68 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_iter(
         }
 
         // Calculate tile of KQ:
-        if constexpr (c::Q_in_reg) {
+        if constexpr (Q_in_reg) {
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_00 = 0; i_KQ_00 < c::nbatch_fa; i_KQ_00 += np*tile_A::I) {
-                const int i_KQ_0 = i_KQ_00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*tile_A::I;
+            for (int i_KQ_00 = 0; i_KQ_00 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_00 += np*T_A_KQ::I) {
+                const int i_KQ_0 = i_KQ_00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_A_KQ::I;
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int k_KQ_0 = k0_start; k_KQ_0 < k0_stop; k_KQ_0 += tile_A::J) {
-                    tile_A K_A;
+                for (int k_KQ_0 = k0_start; k_KQ_0 < k0_stop; k_KQ_0 += T_A_KQ::J) {
+                    T_A_KQ K_A;
                     load_ldmatrix(K_A, tile_K + i_KQ_0*stride_tile_K + (k_KQ_0 - k0_start), stride_tile_K);
-                    if (ntiles == 1) {
-                        mma(KQ_C[i_KQ_00/(np*tile_A::I)], K_A, Q_B[k_KQ_0/tile_A::J]);
+                    if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
+                        mma(KQ_C[i_KQ_00/(np*T_A_KQ::I)], K_A, Q_B[k_KQ_0/T_A_KQ::J]);
                     } else {
-#pragma unroll
-                        for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
-                            // Wide version of KQ_C is column-major => swap A and B.
-                            mma(KQ_C_16[i_KQ_00/(np*tile_A::I) * ntiles/2 + t], Q_B_16[k_KQ_0/tile_A::J * ntiles/2 + t], K_A);
-                        }
+                        // Wide version of KQ_C is column-major
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                        // AMD matrix C is column-major.
+                        mma(KQ_C[i_KQ_00/(np*T_A_KQ::I)], K_A, Q_B[k_KQ_0/T_A_KQ::J]);
+#else
+                        // swap A and B for CUDA.
+                        mma(KQ_C[i_KQ_00/(np*T_A_KQ::I)], Q_B[k_KQ_0/T_A_KQ::J], K_A);
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
                     }
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            static_assert(ntiles == 2, "ntiles != 2 not implemented");
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int k_KQ_0 = k0_start; k_KQ_0 < k0_stop; k_KQ_0 += tile_A::J) {
-                load_ldmatrix(Q_B_16[0], tile_Q + (threadIdx.y / np)*(tile_B_16::I*stride_tile_Q) + k_KQ_0, stride_tile_Q);
+            for (int k_KQ_0 = k0_start; k_KQ_0 < k0_stop; k_KQ_0 += T_A_KQ::J) {
+                load_ldmatrix(Q_B[0], tile_Q + (threadIdx.y / np)*(T_B_KQ::I*stride_tile_Q) + k_KQ_0, stride_tile_Q);
 
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int i_KQ_00 = 0; i_KQ_00 < c::nbatch_fa; i_KQ_00 += np*tile_A::I) {
-                    const int i_KQ_0 = i_KQ_00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*tile_A::I;
+                for (int i_KQ_00 = 0; i_KQ_00 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_00 += np*T_A_KQ::I) {
+                    const int i_KQ_0 = i_KQ_00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_A_KQ::I;
 
-                    tile_A K_A;
+                    T_A_KQ K_A;
                     load_ldmatrix(K_A, tile_K + i_KQ_0*stride_tile_K + (k_KQ_0 - k0_start), stride_tile_K);
 
-                    // Wide version of KQ_C is column-major => swap A and B.
-                    mma(KQ_C_16[i_KQ_00/(np*tile_A::I)], Q_B_16[0], K_A);
+                    if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
+                        mma(KQ_C[i_KQ_00/(np*T_A_KQ::I)], K_A, Q_B[0]);
+                    } else {
+                        // Wide version of KQ_C is column-major
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                        // AMD matrix C is column-major.
+                        mma(KQ_C[i_KQ_00/(np*T_A_KQ::I)], K_A, Q_B[0]);
+#else
+                        // swap A and B for CUDA.
+                        mma(KQ_C[i_KQ_00/(np*T_A_KQ::I)], Q_B[0], K_A);
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        if (nstages <= 1) {
+        if constexpr (nstages <= 1) {
             __syncthreads(); // Only needed if tile_K == tile_V.
         }
     }
 
     if (use_logit_softcap) {
-        static_assert(c::nbatch_fa % (np*tile_C_KQ::I) == 0, "bad loop size");
+        constexpr int stride = cols_per_warp == 8 ? np*T_C_KQ::I : np*T_C_KQ::J;
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa % stride == 0, "bad loop size");
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int i = 0; i < c::nbatch_fa/(np*tile_C_KQ::I) * ntiles; ++i) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nbatch_fa/stride; ++i) {
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
                 KQ_C[i].x[l] = logit_softcap*tanhf(KQ_C[i].x[l]);
             }
         }
@@ -540,109 +608,145 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_iter(
     }
     float KQ_rowsum_add[cols_per_thread] = {0.0f};
 
-    if (ntiles == 1) {
-        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h2) {
+    if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
+        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h) {
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < c::nbatch_fa; i00 += np*tile_C_KQ::I) {
-                const int i0 = i00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*tile_C_KQ::I;
+            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < nbatch_fa; i00 += np*T_C_KQ::I) {
+                const int i0 = i00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_C_KQ::I;
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
-                    const int i = i0 + tile_C_KQ::get_i(l);
-                    const int j = ((threadIdx.y / np)*tile_C_KQ::J + tile_C_KQ::get_j(l)) / ncols2;
+                for (int l = 0; l < T_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + T_C_KQ::get_i(l);
+                    const int j = ((threadIdx.y / np)*T_C_KQ::J + T_C_KQ::get_j(l)) / ncols2;
 
-                    KQ_C[i00/(np*tile_C_KQ::I)].x[l] += slope *
-                        __half2float(((const half *) tile_mask)[j*(c::nbatch_fa + 8) + i]);
+                    KQ_C[i00/(np*T_C_KQ::I)].x[l] += slope * __half2float(tile_mask[j*(nbatch_fa + 8) + i]);
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // Calculate softmax for each KQ column using the current max. value.
         // The divisor is stored in KQ_rowsum and will be applied at the end.
-        static_assert(c::nbatch_fa % (np*tile_C_KQ::I) == 0, "bad loop size");
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*T_C_KQ::I) == 0, "bad loop size");
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < c::nbatch_fa/(np*tile_C_KQ::I); ++k) {
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_fa; k0 += np*T_C_KQ::I) {
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
-                KQ_max_new[l % 2] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[l % 2], KQ_C[k].x[l]);
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
+                if (!oob_check || k0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_C_KQ::I + T_C_KQ::get_i(l) < k_VKQ_sup) {
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    constexpr int KQ_idx = 0;
+#else
+                    // Turing + Volta:
+                    const int KQ_idx = l % 2;
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    KQ_max_new[KQ_idx] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[KQ_idx], KQ_C[k0/(np*T_C_KQ::I)].x[l] + FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET);
+                }
             }
         }
 
-        // Values per KQ column are spread across 8 threads, does not need full warp reduce:
+        // Values per KQ column are spread across 8 threads:
 #pragma unroll
         for (int col = 0; col < cols_per_thread; ++col) {
 #pragma unroll
             for (int offset = 16; offset >= 4; offset >>= 1) {
-                KQ_max_new[col] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[col], __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_max_new[col], offset, WARP_SIZE));
+                KQ_max_new[col] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[col], __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_max_new[col], offset, warp_size));
             }
         }
 
-        static_assert(c::nbatch_fa % (np*tile_C_KQ::I) == 0, "bad loop size");
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*T_C_KQ::I) == 0, "bad loop size");
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < c::nbatch_fa/(np*tile_C_KQ::I); ++k) {
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_fa; k0 += np*T_C_KQ::I) {
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
-                KQ_C[k].x[l] = expf(KQ_C[k].x[l] - KQ_max_new[l % 2]);
-
-                KQ_rowsum_add[l % 2] += KQ_C[k].x[l];
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
+                if (!oob_check || k0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_C_KQ::I + T_C_KQ::get_i(l) < k_VKQ_sup) {
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    constexpr int KQ_idx = 0;
+#else
+                    // Turing + Volta:
+                    const int KQ_idx = l % 2;
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    KQ_C[k0/(np*T_C_KQ::I)].x[l] = expf(KQ_C[k0/(np*T_C_KQ::I)].x[l] - KQ_max_new[KQ_idx]);
+                    KQ_rowsum_add[KQ_idx] += KQ_C[k0/(np*T_C_KQ::I)].x[l];
+                } else {
+                    KQ_C[k0/(np*T_C_KQ::I)].x[l] = 0.0f;
+                }
             }
         }
-    } else { // ntiles > 1
-        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h2) {
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < c::nbatch_fa; i00 += np*tile_C_KQ_16::J) {
-                const int i0 = i00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*tile_C_KQ_16::J;
+    } else { // not Turing mma or T_B_KQ::I > 8
+        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h) {
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
+            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < nbatch_fa; i00 += np*T_C_KQ::J) {
+                const int i0 = i00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_C_KQ::J;
 #pragma unroll
-                    for (int l0 = 0; l0 < tile_C_KQ_16::ne; l0 += 2) {
-                        const int i = (i0 + tile_C_KQ_16::get_j(l0)) / 2;
-                        const int j = ((threadIdx.y / np)*cols_per_warp + t*tile_C_KQ_16::I + tile_C_KQ_16::get_i(l0)) / ncols2;
+                for (int l0 = 0; l0 < T_C_KQ::ne; l0 += 2) {
+                    const int i = (i0 + T_C_KQ::get_j(l0)) / 2;
+                    const int j = ((threadIdx.y / np)*cols_per_warp + T_C_KQ::get_i(l0)) / ncols2;
 
-                        const float2 tmp = __half22float2(tile_mask[j*(c::nbatch_fa/2 + 4) + i]);
-                        const int KQ_index = i00/(np*tile_C_KQ_16::J) * ntiles/2 + t;
-                        KQ_C_16[KQ_index].x[l0 + 0] += slope*tmp.x;
-                        KQ_C_16[KQ_index].x[l0 + 1] += slope*tmp.y;
-                    }
+                    const float2 tmp = __half22float2(((const half2 *)tile_mask)[j*(nbatch_fa/2 + 4) + i]);
+                    KQ_C[i00/(np*T_C_KQ::J)].x[l0 + 0] += slope*tmp.x;
+                    KQ_C[i00/(np*T_C_KQ::J)].x[l0 + 1] += slope*tmp.y;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // Calculate softmax for each KQ column using the current max. value.
         // The divisor is stored in KQ_rowsum and will be applied at the end.
-        static_assert(c::nbatch_fa % (np*tile_C_KQ::I) == 0, "bad loop size");
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < c::nbatch_fa/(np*tile_C_KQ_16::J); ++k) {
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*T_C_KQ::J) == 0, "bad loop size");
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_fa; k0 += np*T_C_KQ::J) {
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_KQ_16::ne; ++l) {
-                    const int KQ_index = 2*t + (l/2) % 2;
-                    KQ_max_new[KQ_index] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[KQ_index], KQ_C_16[k*ntiles/2 + t].x[l]);
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
+                if (!oob_check || k0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_C_KQ::J + T_C_KQ::get_j(l) < k_VKQ_sup) {
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    constexpr int KQ_idx = 0;
+#else
+                    // Turing + Volta:
+                    const int KQ_idx = (l/2) % 2;
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    KQ_max_new[KQ_idx] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[KQ_idx], KQ_C[(k0/(np*T_C_KQ::J))].x[l] + FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET);
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        // Values per KQ column are spread across 4 threads, does not need full warp reduce:
 #pragma unroll
         for (int col = 0; col < cols_per_thread; ++col) {
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+            // Values per KQ column are spread across 4 threads:
+            constexpr int offset_first = 2;
+            constexpr int offset_last  = 1;
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+            // MFMA: 4 threads per Q column (threadIdx.x % 16 == col, spaced by 16).
+            constexpr int offset_first = 32;
+            constexpr int offset_last  = 16;
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+            // Values per KQ column are spread across 2 threads:
+            constexpr int offset_first = 16;
+            constexpr int offset_last  = 16;
+#else // Volta
+            // Values per KQ column are spread across 2 threads:
+            constexpr int offset_first = 2;
+            constexpr int offset_last  = 2;
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int offset = 2; offset >= 1; offset >>= 1) {
-                KQ_max_new[col] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[col], __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_max_new[col], offset, WARP_SIZE));
+            for (int offset = offset_first; offset >= offset_last; offset >>= 1) {
+                KQ_max_new[col] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[col], __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_max_new[col], offset, warp_size));
             }
         }
 
-        static_assert(c::nbatch_fa % (np*tile_C_KQ_16::J) == 0, "bad loop size");
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*T_C_KQ::J) == 0, "bad loop size");
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < c::nbatch_fa/(np*tile_C_KQ_16::J); ++k) {
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_fa; k0 += np*T_C_KQ::J) {
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_KQ_16::ne; ++l) {
-                    const int KQ_index = 2*t + (l/2) % 2;
-
-                    KQ_C_16[k*ntiles/2 + t].x[l] = expf(KQ_C_16[k*ntiles/2 + t].x[l] - KQ_max_new[KQ_index]);
-
-                    KQ_rowsum_add[KQ_index] += KQ_C_16[k*ntiles/2 + t].x[l];
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_KQ::ne; ++l) {
+                if (!oob_check || k0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_C_KQ::J + T_C_KQ::get_j(l) < k_VKQ_sup) {
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    constexpr int KQ_idx = 0;
+#else
+                    // Turing + Volta:
+                    const int KQ_idx = (l/2) % 2;
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    KQ_C[(k0/(np*T_C_KQ::J))].x[l] = expf(KQ_C[(k0/(np*T_C_KQ::J))].x[l] - KQ_max_new[KQ_idx]);
+                    KQ_rowsum_add[KQ_idx] += KQ_C[(k0/(np*T_C_KQ::J))].x[l];
+                } else {
+                    KQ_C[(k0/(np*T_C_KQ::J))].x[l] = 0.0f;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -662,12 +766,13 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_iter(
             KQ_rowsum[col] = KQ_max_scale[col]*KQ_rowsum[col] + KQ_rowsum_add[col];
         }
 
-        if (ntiles == 1) {
-            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale[0], KQ_max_scale[1]);
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+        if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale[0], KQ_max_scale[cols_per_thread - 1]);
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i = 0; i < DV/tile_C_VKQ::I; ++i) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV/T_C_VKQ::I; ++i) {
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
+                for (int l = 0; l < T_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
                     VKQ_C[i].x[l] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
                 }
             }
@@ -676,168 +781,281 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_iter(
             for (int col = 0; col < cols_per_thread; ++col) {
                 const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale[col], KQ_max_scale[col]);
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int i = 0; i < DV/tile_C_VKQ_16::J; ++i) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < (DV/2)/T_C_VKQ::J; ++i) {
 #pragma unroll
-                    for (int l0 = 0; l0 < tile_C_VKQ_16::ne; l0 += 2) {
-                        VKQ_C_16[i*ntiles/2 + col/2].x[l0 + col % 2] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+                    for (int l0 = 0; l0 < T_C_VKQ::ne; l0 += 2) {
+                        VKQ_C[i].x[l0 + col] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(
+            KQ_max_scale[0], KQ_max_scale[0]);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < (DV/2)/T_C_VKQ::J; ++i) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
+                VKQ_C[i].x[l] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+        }
+#else // Volta
+        const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(
+            KQ_max_scale[(threadIdx.x / 2) % 2], KQ_max_scale[(threadIdx.x / 2) % 2]);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < (DV/2)/T_C_VKQ::J; ++i) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
+                VKQ_C[i].x[l] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+        }
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
     // Convert KQ C tiles into B tiles for VKQ calculation:
-    tile_B B[c::nbatch_fa/(np*2*tile_B::J) * ntiles];
-    tile_B_16 * B_16 = (tile_B_16 *) B;
-    static_assert(c::nbatch_fa % (np*2*tile_B::J) == 0, "bad loop size");
-    if (ntiles == 1) {
+    T_B_VKQ B[nbatch_fa/(np*2*T_B_VKQ::J)];
+    static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*2*T_B_VKQ::J) == 0, "bad loop size");
+    if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < c::nbatch_fa/(np*2*tile_B::J); ++k) {
+        for (int k = 0; k < nbatch_fa/(np*2*T_B_VKQ::J); ++k) {
             B[k] = get_transposed(get_half2(KQ_C[k]));
         }
     } else {
-        for (int k = 0; k < c::nbatch_fa/(np*2*tile_B_16::J); ++k) {
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
-                B_16[k*ntiles/2 + t] = get_half2(KQ_C_16[k*ntiles/2 + t]);
-            }
+        for (int k = 0; k < nbatch_fa/(np*2*T_B_VKQ::J); ++k) {
+            B[k] = get_half2(KQ_C[k]);
         }
     }
 
-    if (nstages > 1) {
+    if constexpr (nstages > 1) {
+        static_assert(!V_is_K_view, "K data reuse not implemented multi-stage loading");
         // Preload K tile for next iteration:
         constexpr bool use_cp_async = true;
         cp_async_wait_all();
         __syncthreads();
         if (!last_iter) {
-            if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h2) {
-                flash_attn_ext_f16_load_mask<ncols1, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>
-                    (mask_h2 + (k_VKQ_0 + c::nbatch_fa)/2, tile_mask, stride_mask);
+            if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h) {
+                flash_attn_ext_f16_load_mask<ncols1, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+                    (mask_h + k_VKQ_0 + nbatch_fa, tile_mask, stride_mask, k_VKQ_sup, jt*ncols1, ne01);
             }
-            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_K, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>
-                (K_h2 + (k_VKQ_0 + c::nbatch_fa)*stride_K, tile_K, nbatch_K2, stride_K);
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_K, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+                (K_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + nbatch_fa)*stride_K, tile_K, nbatch_K2, stride_K, k_VKQ_sup);
         }
     }
 
 
-    // For MLA K and V have the same data.
-    // Therefore, iterate over V in reverse and re-use the data if possible.
-    static_assert(!mla || nstages <= 1, "combination of MLA and multi-stage loading not implemented");
-    constexpr int reusable_cutoff = mla ? (DKQ - 1) - (DKQ - 1) % (2*nbatch_K2) - (DKQ - DV) : DV;
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && !defined(LDMATRIX_TRANS_AVAILABLE)
+    T_A_VKQ A_identity;
+    make_identity_mat(A_identity);
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && !defined(LDMATRIX_TRANS_AVAILABLE)
+
+    // Calculate VKQ tile, need to use logical rather than physical elements for i0 due to transposition of V:
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0_stop = DV; i0_stop > 0; i0_stop -= 2*nbatch_V2) {
-        const int i0_start = i0_stop - 2*nbatch_V2 > 0 ? i0_stop - 2*nbatch_V2 : 0;
-        const int i0_diff  = i0_stop - i0_start;
+    for (int i0_start = 0; i0_start < DV; i0_start += 2*nbatch_V2) {
+        static_assert(DV % (2*nbatch_V2) == 0, "bad loop size");
+        const int i0_stop = i0_start + 2*nbatch_V2;
+        const int i0_diff = i0_stop - i0_start;
 
-        if (nstages <= 1 && i0_start < reusable_cutoff) {
-            constexpr bool use_cp_async = nstages == 1;
-            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_V, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>
-                (V_h2 + k_VKQ_0*stride_V + i0_start/2, tile_V, i0_diff/2, stride_V);
-            if (use_cp_async) {
-                cp_async_wait_all();
+        if constexpr (nstages <= 1) {
+            if (!V_is_K_view || i0_stop > 2*nbatch_K2) {
+                constexpr bool use_cp_async = nstages == 1;
+                flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_V, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+                    (V_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0)*stride_V + i0_start/2, tile_V, i0_diff/2, stride_V, k_VKQ_sup);
+                if (use_cp_async) {
+                    cp_async_wait_all();
+                }
+                __syncthreads();
             }
-            __syncthreads();
         }
-        const half2 * tile_V_i = i0_start < reusable_cutoff ? tile_V : tile_V + (i0_start - reusable_cutoff)/2;
+        const half2 * tile_V_i = !V_is_K_view || i0_stop > 2*nbatch_K2 ? tile_V : tile_V + i0_start/2;
 
-        // Calculate VKQ tile:
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        constexpr int i0_stride = cols_per_warp == 8 ? T_C_VKQ::I : 2*T_C_VKQ::J;
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int i_VKQ_0 = i0_start; i_VKQ_0 < i0_stop; i_VKQ_0 += tile_C_VKQ::I) {
-            static_assert((c::nbatch_fa/2) % (np*tile_A::J) == 0, "bad loop size");
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = i0_start; i_VKQ_0 < i0_stop; i_VKQ_0 += i0_stride) {
+            static_assert((nbatch_fa/2) % (np*T_A_VKQ::J) == 0, "bad loop size");
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int k00 = 0; k00 < c::nbatch_fa/2; k00 += np*tile_A::J) {
-                const int k0 = k00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*tile_A::J;
+            for (int k00 = 0; k00 < nbatch_fa/2; k00 += np*T_A_VKQ::J) {
+                const int k0 = k00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_A_VKQ::J;
 
-                tile_A A;
+                T_A_VKQ A; // Transposed in SRAM but not in registers, gets transposed on load.
+#if defined(LDMATRIX_TRANS_AVAILABLE)
                 load_ldmatrix_trans(A, tile_V_i + 2*k0*stride_tile_V + (i_VKQ_0 - i0_start)/2, stride_tile_V);
-                if (ntiles == 1) {
-                    mma(VKQ_C[i_VKQ_0/tile_C_VKQ::I], A, B[k00/(np*tile_A::J)]);
-                } else {
-#pragma unroll
-                    for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
-                        // Wide version of VKQ_C is column-major => swap A and B.
-                        mma(VKQ_C_16[i_VKQ_0/tile_C_VKQ::I * ntiles/2 + t], B_16[k00/(np*tile_A::J) * ntiles/2 + t], A);
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                // MFMA A register layout: A_mat[i=lane%16][k=4*(lane/16)+reg].
+                // Normal load gives A_mat[seq][dv] but we need A_mat[dv][seq] = V^T.
+                // Load with transposed addressing: 4 strided half loads.
+                {
+                    const half2 * xs0 = tile_V_i + 2*k0*stride_tile_V + (i_VKQ_0 - i0_start)/2;
+                    const half * xs0_h = (const half *) xs0;
+                    const int stride_h = stride_tile_V * 2; // stride in half units
+                    half * A_h = (half *) A.x;
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+                        A_h[l] = xs0_h[(4*(threadIdx.x / 16) + l) * stride_h + threadIdx.x % 16];
                     }
                 }
+#else
+                // TODO: Try to transpose tile_V when loading gmem to smem.
+                // Use mma to transpose T_A_VKQ for RDNA.
+                T_A_VKQ A_trans;
+                load_ldmatrix(A_trans, tile_V_i + 2*k0*stride_tile_V + (i_VKQ_0 - i0_start)/2, stride_tile_V);
+                mma(A, A_trans, A_identity);
+#endif // defined(LDMATRIX_TRANS_AVAILABLE)
+                if constexpr (T_B_KQ::I == 8) {
+                    mma(VKQ_C[i_VKQ_0/i0_stride], A, B[k00/(np*T_A_VKQ::J)]);
+                } else {
+                    // Wide version of VKQ_C is column-major.
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                    // AMD matrix C is column-major.
+                    mma(VKQ_C[i_VKQ_0/i0_stride], A, B[k00/(np*T_A_VKQ::J)]);
+#else
+                    // swap A and B for CUDA.
+                    mma(VKQ_C[i_VKQ_0/i0_stride], B[k00/(np*T_A_VKQ::J)], A);
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+                }
             }
         }
+#else // Volta
+        constexpr int i0_stride = 2*T_C_VKQ::J;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = i0_start; i_VKQ_0 < i0_stop; i_VKQ_0 += i0_stride) {
+            static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*T_A_VKQ::I) == 0, "bad loop size");
+            static_assert(2*T_B_VKQ::J == T_A_VKQ::I, "bad tile sizes");
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k00 = 0; k00 < nbatch_fa; k00 += np*T_A_VKQ::I) {
+                const int k0 = k00 + (threadIdx.y % np)*T_A_VKQ::I;
 
-        if (nstages <= 1) {
+                T_A_VKQ A; // Transposed in both SRAM and registers, load normally.
+                load_ldmatrix(A, tile_V_i + k0*stride_tile_V + (i_VKQ_0 - i0_start)/2, stride_tile_V);
+                mma(VKQ_C[i_VKQ_0/i0_stride], B[k00/(np*T_A_VKQ::I)], A);
+            }
+        }
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+        if constexpr (nstages <= 1) {
             __syncthreads(); // Only needed if tile_K == tile_V.
         }
     }
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q_f2); GGML_UNUSED(K_h2); GGML_UNUSED(V_h2);
-    GGML_UNUSED(mask_h2); GGML_UNUSED(dstk); GGML_UNUSED(dstk_fixup);
-    GGML_UNUSED(scale); GGML_UNUSED(slope); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02); GGML_UNUSED(stride_K); GGML_UNUSED(stride_V);
-    GGML_UNUSED(stride_mask); GGML_UNUSED(jt); GGML_UNUSED(tile_K);
-    GGML_UNUSED(stride_mask); GGML_UNUSED(jt); GGML_UNUSED(tile_K);
-    GGML_UNUSED(tile_V); GGML_UNUSED(tile_mask); GGML_UNUSED(Q_B);
-    GGML_UNUSED(VKQ_C); GGML_UNUSED(KQ_max); GGML_UNUSED(KQ_rowsum);
-    GGML_UNUSED(kb0); GGML_UNUSED(tile_Q);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, dstk, dstk_fixup,
+        scale, slope, logit_softcap, ne01, ne02,
+        stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask,
+        tile_Q, tile_K, tile_V, tile_mask,
+        Q_B, VKQ_C, KQ_max, KQ_rowsum, kb0);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || (defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && defined(RDNA4)) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
-template<int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, int nwarps, int ntiles, bool use_logit_softcap, bool mla, bool needs_fixup, bool is_fixup>
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+template<int ncols> struct mma_tile_sizes {
+    using T_A_KQ  = tile<16,  8, half2>; // row-major
+    using T_B_KQ  = tile<16,  8, half2>; // column-major
+    using T_C_KQ  = tile<16, 16, float>; // column-major
+    using T_A_VKQ = tile<16,  8, half2>; // row-major
+    using T_B_VKQ = tile<16,  8, half2>; // column-major
+    using T_C_VKQ = tile<16,  8, half2>; // column-major
+};
+template<> struct mma_tile_sizes<8> {
+    using T_A_KQ  = tile<16,  8, half2>; // row-major
+    using T_B_KQ  = tile< 8,  8, half2>; // column-major
+    using T_C_KQ  = tile<16,  8, float>; // row-major
+    using T_A_VKQ = tile<16,  8, half2>; // row-major
+    using T_B_VKQ = tile< 8,  8, half2>; // column-major
+    using T_C_VKQ = tile<16,  4, half2>; // row-major
+};
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+template<int ncols> struct mma_tile_sizes {
+    using T_A_KQ  = tile<16,  8, half2>; // row-major
+    using T_B_KQ  = tile<16,  8, half2>; // column-major
+    using T_C_KQ  = tile<16, 16, float>; // column-major
+    using T_A_VKQ = tile<16,  8, half2>; // row-major
+    using T_B_VKQ = tile<16,  8, half2>; // column-major
+    using T_C_VKQ = tile<16,  8, half2>; // column-major
+};
+#else // Volta
+template<int ncols> struct mma_tile_sizes {
+    using T_A_KQ  = tile< 8,  4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>; // row-major
+    using T_B_KQ  = tile<32,  4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>;          // column-major
+    using T_C_KQ  = tile<32,  8, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>;          // column-major
+    using T_A_VKQ = tile< 8,  4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR_MIRRORED>; // column-major
+    using T_B_VKQ = tile<32,  4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>;          // column-major
+    using T_C_VKQ = tile<32,  4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>;          // column-major
+};
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+template<int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, int nwarps, bool use_logit_softcap, bool V_is_K_view, bool needs_fixup, bool is_fixup>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
         const float2 * const __restrict__ Q_f2,
         const half2  * const __restrict__ K_h2,
         const half2  * const __restrict__ V_h2,
-        const half2  * const __restrict__ mask_h2,
+        const half   * const __restrict__ mask_h,
+        const float  * const __restrict__ sinks_f,
         float2       * const __restrict__ dstk,
         float2       * const __restrict__ dstk_fixup,
         const float scale,
         const float slope,
         const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne01,
+        const uint3 ne01,
         const int ne02,
+        const int gqa_ratio,
+        const int ne11,
         const int stride_Q1,
         const int stride_Q2,
         const int stride_K,
         const int stride_V,
         const int stride_mask,
         const int jt,
+        const int zt_gqa,
         const int kb0_start,
         const int kb0_stop) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || (defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && defined(RDNA4)) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
     //In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
 
-    typedef fattn_mma_f16_config<DKQ, DV> c;
-
-#ifdef CP_ASYNC_AVAILABLE
-    constexpr int nstages = c::nstages_target;
-#else
-    constexpr int nstages = 0;
-#endif // CP_ASYNC_AVAILABLE
-
-    constexpr int ncols           = ncols1 * ncols2;
-    constexpr int cols_per_warp   = ntiles * tile_B::I;
-    constexpr int cols_per_thread = ntiles == 1 ? 2 : ntiles;
-    constexpr int np              = nwarps * (cols_per_warp/ncols2) / ncols1; // Number of parallel CUDA warps per Q column.
-    constexpr int nbatch_K2       = c::get_nbatch_K2_device(ncols);
-    constexpr int nbatch_V2       = c::get_nbatch_V2_device(ncols);
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    constexpr int ncols = ncols1 * ncols2;
+    using     T_A_KQ    = typename mma_tile_sizes<ncols>::T_A_KQ;
+    using     T_B_KQ    = typename mma_tile_sizes<ncols>::T_B_KQ;
+    using     T_C_KQ    = typename mma_tile_sizes<ncols>::T_C_KQ;
+    using     T_A_VKQ   = typename mma_tile_sizes<ncols>::T_A_VKQ;
+    using     T_B_VKQ   = typename mma_tile_sizes<ncols>::T_B_VKQ;
+    using     T_C_VKQ   = typename mma_tile_sizes<ncols>::T_C_VKQ;
+
+    constexpr int  cols_per_warp   = T_B_KQ::I;
+    constexpr int  cols_per_thread = get_cols_per_thread();
+    constexpr int  np              = cols_per_warp > ncols ? nwarps : nwarps * cols_per_warp/ncols; // Number of parallel CUDA warps per Q column.
+    constexpr int  nbatch_fa       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_fa     (DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int  nbatch_K2       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_K2     (DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int  nbatch_V2       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_V2     (DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int  nbatch_combine  = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_combine(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr bool Q_in_reg        = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_Q_in_reg      (DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int  nstages         = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages       (DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2);
+
+    if (cols_per_warp > ncols) {
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
 
     static_assert(nwarps * (cols_per_warp/ncols2) % ncols1 == 0, "bad nwarps");
 
     constexpr int stride_tile_Q = DKQ/2     + 4;
     constexpr int stride_tile_K = nbatch_K2 + 4;
 
-    static_assert(!mla || nbatch_K2 >= nbatch_V2, "bad nbatch_K2, nbatch_V2 for MLA");
-    constexpr int stride_tile_V = mla ? stride_tile_K : nbatch_V2 + 4;
+    constexpr int stride_tile_V = V_is_K_view ? stride_tile_K : nbatch_V2 + 4;
     constexpr int stride_tile_KV_max = stride_tile_K > stride_tile_V ? stride_tile_K : stride_tile_V;
 
     extern __shared__ half2 tile_Q[];
-    half2 * tile_K    = c::Q_in_reg ? tile_Q                                : tile_Q + ncols        * stride_tile_Q;
-    half2 * tile_V    = nstages > 1 ? tile_K + c::nbatch_fa * stride_tile_K : tile_K;
-    half2 * tile_mask = nstages > 1 ? tile_V + c::nbatch_fa * stride_tile_V : tile_V + c::nbatch_fa * stride_tile_KV_max;
-
-    tile_B       Q_B[(c::Q_in_reg ? DKQ/(2*tile_B::J) : 1) * ntiles];
-    tile_C_VKQ VKQ_C[DV/tile_C_VKQ::I  * ntiles];
-
-    tile_B_16     * Q_B_16   = (tile_B_16     *) Q_B;
-    tile_C_VKQ_16 * VKQ_C_16 = (tile_C_VKQ_16 *) VKQ_C;
+    half2 * tile_K    = Q_in_reg              ? tile_Q                             : tile_Q + ncols     * stride_tile_Q;
+    half2 * tile_V    =           nstages > 1 ? tile_K + nbatch_fa * stride_tile_K : tile_K;
+    half  * tile_mask = (half *) (nstages > 1 ? tile_V + nbatch_fa * stride_tile_V : tile_V + nbatch_fa * stride_tile_KV_max);
+
+    T_B_KQ    Q_B[(Q_in_reg ? DKQ/(2*T_B_KQ::J) : 1)];
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+    T_C_VKQ VKQ_C[cols_per_warp == 8 ? DV/T_C_VKQ::I : DV/(2*T_C_VKQ::J)];
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    T_C_VKQ VKQ_C[                                     DV/(2*T_C_VKQ::J)];
+#else // Volta
+    T_C_VKQ VKQ_C[                                     DV/(2*T_C_VKQ::J)];
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
     float KQ_rowsum[cols_per_thread] = {0.0f};
     float KQ_max[cols_per_thread];
@@ -851,10 +1069,10 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
     // The loading is done with decreasing granularity for D for better memory bandwidth.
     const half2 scale_h2 = make_half2(scale, scale);
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int stride_k : {WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/2, WARP_SIZE/4}) {
-        const int k0_start  = stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : DKQ/2 - (DKQ/2) % (2*stride_k);
+    for (int stride_k : {warp_size, warp_size/2, warp_size/4, warp_size/8}) {
+        const int k0_start  = stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : DKQ/2 - (DKQ/2) % (2*stride_k);
         const int k0_stop   =                             DKQ/2 - (DKQ/2) % (1*stride_k);
-        const int stride_jc = WARP_SIZE / stride_k;
+        const int stride_jc = warp_size / stride_k;
 
         if (k0_start == k0_stop) {
             continue;
@@ -862,7 +1080,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
 
 #pragma unroll
         for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < ncols; jc0 += nwarps*stride_jc) {
-            const int jc = jc0 + threadIdx.y*stride_jc + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
+            const int jc = jc0 + threadIdx.y*stride_jc + (stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
 
             if (jc0 + nwarps*stride_jc > ncols && jc >= ncols) {
                 break;
@@ -871,10 +1089,10 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
             const int j = jc / ncols2;
             const int c = jc % ncols2;
 
-            if (jt*ncols1 + j < ne01) {
+            if ((ncols1 == 1 || jt*ncols1 + j < int(ne01.z)) && (ncols2 == 1 || zt_gqa*ncols2 + c < gqa_ratio)) {
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int k0 = k0_start; k0 < k0_stop; k0 += stride_k) {
-                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
+                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == warp_size ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
 
                     const float2 tmp = Q_f2[(jt*ncols1 + j)*stride_Q1 + c*stride_Q2 + k];
                     tile_Q[jc*stride_tile_Q + k] = scale_h2 * make_half2(tmp.x, tmp.y);
@@ -882,7 +1100,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
             } else {
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int k0 = k0_start; k0 < k0_stop; k0 += stride_k) {
-                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
+                    const int k = k0 + (stride_k == warp_size ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
 
                     tile_Q[jc*stride_tile_Q + k] = make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
                 }
@@ -892,85 +1110,189 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
 
     __syncthreads();
 
-    if (c::Q_in_reg) {
+    if (Q_in_reg) {
         const int j0 = (threadIdx.y / np) * cols_per_warp;
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < DKQ/2; k0 += tile_B::J) {
-            if (ntiles == 1) {
-                load_ldmatrix(Q_B[k0/tile_B::J], tile_Q + j0*stride_tile_Q + k0, stride_tile_Q);
-            } else {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
-                    load_ldmatrix(Q_B_16[k0/tile_B_16::J * ntiles/2 + t],
-                        tile_Q + (j0 + t*tile_B_16::I)*stride_tile_Q + k0, stride_tile_Q);
-                }
-            }
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < DKQ/2; k0 += T_B_KQ::J) {
+            load_ldmatrix(Q_B[k0/T_B_KQ::J], tile_Q + j0*stride_tile_Q + k0, stride_tile_Q);
         }
     }
 
     __syncthreads();
 
+    int kb0 = kb0_start;
+
     // Preload mask and K data for first iteration when using cp_async with multiple stages:
     if constexpr (nstages > 1) {
         static_assert(nbatch_K2 == DKQ/2, "batching not implemented for multi-stage pipeline");
         constexpr bool use_cp_async = true;
-        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h2) {
-            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_mask<ncols1, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>
-                (mask_h2 + kb0_start*c::nbatch_fa/2, tile_mask, stride_mask);
+        constexpr bool oob_check    = false;
+        constexpr int  k_VKQ_sup    = nbatch_fa;
+        if (ncols2 > 1 || mask_h) {
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_load_mask<ncols1, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+                (mask_h + kb0*nbatch_fa, tile_mask, stride_mask, k_VKQ_sup, jt*ncols1, ne01);
+        }
+        flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_K, nwarps, nbatch_fa, use_cp_async, oob_check>
+            (K_h2 + int64_t(kb0)*nbatch_fa*stride_K, tile_K, nbatch_K2, stride_K, k_VKQ_sup);
+    }
+
+    // kb0_start is always < kb0_stop so the last iter can be executed unconditionally.
+    if constexpr (ncols2 == 1) {
+        constexpr bool oob_check = true;
+        for (; kb0 < kb0_stop-1; ++kb0) {
+            constexpr bool last_iter = false;
+            constexpr int  k_VKQ_sup = nbatch_fa;
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_iter
+                <DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view, needs_fixup, is_fixup, last_iter, oob_check,
+                 T_A_KQ, T_B_KQ, T_C_KQ, T_A_VKQ, T_B_VKQ, T_C_VKQ>
+                (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, dstk, dstk_fixup, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
+                 ne01, ne02, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, tile_Q, tile_K, tile_V, tile_mask, Q_B, VKQ_C,
+                 KQ_max, KQ_rowsum, jt, kb0, k_VKQ_sup);
+        }
+        constexpr bool last_iter = true;
+        const     int  k_VKQ_sup = ne11 - kb0*nbatch_fa;
+        flash_attn_ext_f16_iter
+            <DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view, needs_fixup, is_fixup, last_iter, oob_check,
+              T_A_KQ, T_B_KQ, T_C_KQ, T_A_VKQ, T_B_VKQ, T_C_VKQ>
+            (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, dstk, dstk_fixup, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
+             ne01, ne02, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, tile_Q, tile_K, tile_V, tile_mask, Q_B, VKQ_C,
+             KQ_max, KQ_rowsum, jt, kb0, k_VKQ_sup);
+    } else {
+        constexpr bool oob_check = false;
+        for (; kb0 < kb0_stop-1; ++kb0) {
+            constexpr bool last_iter = false;
+            constexpr int  k_VKQ_sup = nbatch_fa;
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_iter
+                <DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view, needs_fixup, is_fixup, last_iter, oob_check,
+                 T_A_KQ, T_B_KQ, T_C_KQ, T_A_VKQ, T_B_VKQ, T_C_VKQ>
+                (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, dstk, dstk_fixup, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
+                 ne01, ne02, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, tile_Q, tile_K, tile_V, tile_mask, Q_B, VKQ_C,
+                 KQ_max, KQ_rowsum, jt, kb0, k_VKQ_sup);
         }
-        flash_attn_ext_f16_load_tile<stride_tile_K, nwarps, c::nbatch_fa, use_cp_async>
-            (K_h2 + kb0_start*c::nbatch_fa*stride_K, tile_K, nbatch_K2, stride_K);
-    }
-
-    // Iterate over ne11 == previous tokens:
-    for (int kb0 = kb0_start; kb0 < kb0_stop-1; ++kb0) {
-        constexpr bool last_iter = false;
-        flash_attn_ext_f16_iter<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, ntiles, use_logit_softcap, mla, needs_fixup, is_fixup, last_iter>
-            (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h2, dstk, dstk_fixup, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
-             ne01, ne02, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, tile_Q, tile_K, tile_V, tile_mask, Q_B, VKQ_C, KQ_max, KQ_rowsum, kb0);
-    }
-    { // kb0_start is always < kb0_stop so the last iter can be executed unconditionally.
         constexpr bool last_iter = true;
-        flash_attn_ext_f16_iter<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, ntiles, use_logit_softcap, mla, needs_fixup, is_fixup, last_iter>
-            (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h2, dstk, dstk_fixup, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
-             ne01, ne02, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, tile_Q, tile_K, tile_V, tile_mask, Q_B, VKQ_C, KQ_max, KQ_rowsum, kb0_stop-1);
+        constexpr int  k_VKQ_sup = nbatch_fa;
+        flash_attn_ext_f16_iter
+            <DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view, needs_fixup, is_fixup, last_iter, oob_check,
+             T_A_KQ, T_B_KQ, T_C_KQ, T_A_VKQ, T_B_VKQ, T_C_VKQ>
+            (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, dstk, dstk_fixup, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
+             ne01, ne02, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, tile_Q, tile_K, tile_V, tile_mask, Q_B, VKQ_C,
+             KQ_max, KQ_rowsum, jt, kb0, k_VKQ_sup);
     }
 
     // With multi-stage loading there is no __syncthreads at the end of the iter,
     //     there can be a race condition on shared memory access for combining/writing back results.
-    if (nstages > 1 && nwarps*cols_per_warp > c::nbatch_fa) {
+    if constexpr (nstages > 1 && nwarps*cols_per_warp > nbatch_fa) {
         __syncthreads();
     }
 
     // Finally, sum up partial KQ rowsums.
-    // The partial sums are spread across 8/4 threads each, does not need full reduce.
     {
-        constexpr int offset_first = ntiles == 1 ? 16 : 2;
-        constexpr int offset_last  = ntiles == 1 ?  4 : 1;
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+        // The partial sums are spread across 8/4 threads.
+        constexpr int offset_first = cols_per_warp == 8 ? 16 : 2;
+        constexpr int offset_last  = cols_per_warp == 8 ?  4 : 1;
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        // The partial sums are spread across 4 threads (wavefront64, 16 cols).
+        constexpr int offset_first = 32;
+        constexpr int offset_last  = 16;
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        // The partial sums are spread across 2 threads.
+        constexpr int offset_first = 16;
+        constexpr int offset_last  = 16;
+#else // Volta
+        // The partial sums are spread across 2 threads.
+        constexpr int offset_first = 2;
+        constexpr int offset_last  = 2;
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 #pragma unroll
         for (int col = 0; col < cols_per_thread; ++col) {
 #pragma unroll
             for (int offset = offset_first; offset >= offset_last; offset >>= 1) {
-                KQ_rowsum[col] += __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_rowsum[col], offset, WARP_SIZE);
+                KQ_rowsum[col] += __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_rowsum[col], offset, warp_size);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If attention sinks are used, potentially re-scale if KQ_max is small.
+    // Also add the sink as a value to KQ_rowsum, this is done after synchronization of KQ_rowsum
+    //     so it's being done unconditionally for every thread.
+    if (!is_fixup && (np == 1 || threadIdx.y % np == 0) && sinks_f) {
+        float KQ_max_scale[cols_per_thread];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int col = 0; col < cols_per_thread; ++col) {
+            const int jc = cols_per_warp == 8 ? T_C_KQ::get_j(col) : T_C_KQ::get_i(2*col);
+            const float sink = sinks_f[jc % ncols2];
+
+            const float KQ_max_new = fmaxf(KQ_max[col], sink);
+            const float KQ_max_diff = KQ_max[col] - KQ_max_new;
+            KQ_max_scale[col] = expf(KQ_max_diff);
+            KQ_max[col] = KQ_max_new;
+
+            *((uint32_t *) &KQ_max_scale[col]) *= KQ_max_diff >= SOFTMAX_FTZ_THRESHOLD;
+
+            const float KQ_max_add = expf(sink - KQ_max_new);
+            KQ_rowsum[col] = KQ_max_scale[col]*KQ_rowsum[col] + KQ_max_add;
+        }
+
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+        if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale[0], KQ_max_scale[cols_per_thread - 1]);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV/T_C_VKQ::I; ++i) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < T_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
+                    VKQ_C[i].x[l] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int col = 0; col < cols_per_thread; ++col) {
+                const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale[col], KQ_max_scale[col]);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i = 0; i < (DV/2)/T_C_VKQ::J; ++i) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int l0 = 0; l0 < T_C_VKQ::ne; l0 += 2) {
+                        VKQ_C[i].x[l0 + col] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale[0], KQ_max_scale[0]);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < (DV/2)/T_C_VKQ::J; ++i) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
+                VKQ_C[i].x[l] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+        }
+#else // Volta
+        const int col = (threadIdx.x / 2) % 2;
+        const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale[col], KQ_max_scale[col]);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < (DV/2)/T_C_VKQ::J; ++i) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < T_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
+                VKQ_C[i].x[l] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
             }
         }
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
     // Combine VKQ accumulator values if np > 1.
     // It's also faster to do small writes to shared memory, then large write to VRAM than to do small writes to VRAM.
     // So also write VKQ accumulators to shared memory in column-major format if np == 1.
 
-    constexpr int nbatch_combine = c::get_nbatch_combine_device(ncols);
-    constexpr int tile_stride    = nbatch_combine + 4;
+    constexpr int tile_stride = nbatch_combine + 4;
     static_assert((DV/2) % nbatch_combine == 0, "bad nbatch_combine");
 
-    if constexpr (ntiles == 1) {
-        const int jc_cwmo = (threadIdx.x % (2*tile_C_VKQ::J)) / tile_C_VKQ::J; // jc combine write meta offset
-        const int jc_cwm = threadIdx.y*(2*tile_C_VKQ::J) + 2*tile_C_VKQ::get_j(-1) + jc_cwmo; // jc combine write meta
+    if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
+        const int jc_cwmo = (threadIdx.x % (2*T_C_VKQ::J)) / T_C_VKQ::J; // jc combine write meta offset
+        const int jc_cwm = threadIdx.y*(2*T_C_VKQ::J) + 2*T_C_VKQ::get_j(-1) + jc_cwmo; // jc combine write meta
         const float2 KQ_cmr = make_float2(KQ_max[jc_cwmo], KQ_rowsum[jc_cwmo]); // KQ combine max rowsum
 
-        if (((!needs_fixup && !is_fixup) || np > 1) && threadIdx.x < 2*tile_C_VKQ::J) {
+        if (((!needs_fixup && !is_fixup) || np > 1) && threadIdx.x < 2*T_C_VKQ::J) {
             // Use the 16 bytes of padding in each row to store the meta data: KQ max, KQ rowsum, KQ max scale.
             ((float2 *) tile_Q)[jc_cwm*(tile_stride/2) + nbatch_combine/2] = KQ_cmr;
         }
@@ -979,24 +1301,34 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
 
         if (np == 1) {
             // No combination is needed, the meta data can be directly written from registers to VRAM.
-            if (needs_fixup && threadIdx.x < tile_B::I) {
+            if (needs_fixup && threadIdx.x < T_B_KQ::I) {
                 float2 * dstk_fixup_meta = dstk_fixup + blockIdx.x*ncols;
                 dstk_fixup_meta[jc_cwm] = KQ_cmr;
             }
-            if (is_fixup && threadIdx.x < tile_B::I) {
+            if (is_fixup && threadIdx.x < T_B_KQ::I) {
                 float2 * dstk_fixup_meta = dstk_fixup + (gridDim.x + blockIdx.x)*ncols;
                 dstk_fixup_meta[jc_cwm] = KQ_cmr;
             }
         }
     } else {
-        static_assert(ntiles == 2 || ntiles == 4, "bad ntiles");
-        const int jc_cwm = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp // jc combine write meta
-            + (ntiles == 4 ? ((threadIdx.x % 4) / 2) * tile_C_VKQ_16::I : 0)
-            + tile_C_VKQ_16::get_i(threadIdx.x % 4);
-        const float2 KQ_cmr = make_float2(KQ_max[threadIdx.x % cols_per_thread], KQ_rowsum[threadIdx.x % cols_per_thread]); // KQ combine max rowsum
-
-        if (((!needs_fixup && !is_fixup) || np > 1) && (ntiles == 4 || threadIdx.x % 4 < cols_per_thread)) {
-            // Use the 16 bytes of padding in each row to store the meta data: KQ max, KQ rowsum, KQ max scale.
+        // jc_cwm = jc combine write meta
+        // KQ_cmr = KQ combine max rowsum
+        // Use the 16 bytes of padding in each Q column to store the meta data: KQ max, KQ rowsum, KQ max scale.
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+        const int jc_cwm = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + T_C_VKQ::get_i(threadIdx.x % 4);
+        const float2 KQ_cmr = make_float2(KQ_max[threadIdx.x % cols_per_thread], KQ_rowsum[threadIdx.x % cols_per_thread]);
+        const bool thread_should_write = threadIdx.x % 4 < cols_per_thread;
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        const int jc_cwm = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + T_C_VKQ::get_i(0);
+        const float2 KQ_cmr = make_float2(KQ_max[0], KQ_rowsum[0]);
+        const bool thread_should_write = threadIdx.x / 16 < cols_per_thread;
+#else // Volta
+        const int jc_cwm = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + T_C_KQ::get_i(threadIdx.x & 2);
+        const float2 KQ_cmr = make_float2(KQ_max[(threadIdx.x & 2) / 2], KQ_rowsum[(threadIdx.x & 2) / 2]);
+        const bool thread_should_write = T_C_KQ::J == 8 || T_C_KQ::get_j(threadIdx.x & 2) < 8;
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+        if (((!needs_fixup && !is_fixup) || np > 1) && thread_should_write) {
             ((float2 *) tile_Q)[jc_cwm*(tile_stride/2) + nbatch_combine/2] = KQ_cmr;
         }
 
@@ -1004,31 +1336,30 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
 
         if (np == 1) {
             // No combination is needed, the meta data can be directly written from registers to VRAM.
-            if (needs_fixup && (ntiles == 4 || threadIdx.x % 4 < ntiles)) {
+            if (needs_fixup && thread_should_write) {
                 float2 * dstk_fixup_meta = dstk_fixup + blockIdx.x*ncols;
                 dstk_fixup_meta[jc_cwm] = KQ_cmr;
             }
-            if (is_fixup && (ntiles == 4 || threadIdx.x % 4 < ntiles)) {
+            if (is_fixup && thread_should_write) {
                 float2 * dstk_fixup_meta = dstk_fixup + (gridDim.x + blockIdx.x)*ncols;
                 dstk_fixup_meta[jc_cwm] = KQ_cmr;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    static_assert(np == 1 || ntiles == 1 || ntiles == 2, "bad ntiles");
     if (np > 1 && threadIdx.y % np == 0) {
         // Combine the meta data for parallel warps via shared memory.
         // Warps with threadIdx.y % np != 0 must NOT return early.
         // All threads must return simultaneously to avoid race conditions with work on the next tile.
 
-        constexpr int nmeta = np*cols_per_warp >= WARP_SIZE ? np*cols_per_warp/WARP_SIZE : 1;
+        constexpr int nmeta = np*cols_per_warp >= warp_size ? np*cols_per_warp/warp_size : 1;
 
-        const int jc_meta = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + (np*cols_per_warp < WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x % (np*cols_per_warp) : threadIdx.x);
+        const int jc_meta = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + (np*cols_per_warp < warp_size ? threadIdx.x % (np*cols_per_warp) : threadIdx.x);
         float2 * const meta_ptr = ((float2 *) tile_Q) + jc_meta*(tile_stride/2) + nbatch_combine/2;
         float2 meta[nmeta];
 #pragma unroll
         for (int imeta = 0; imeta < nmeta; ++imeta) {
-            meta[imeta] = meta_ptr[imeta * WARP_SIZE * tile_stride/2];
+            meta[imeta] = meta_ptr[imeta * warp_size * tile_stride/2];
         }
 
         float KQ_cmn = meta[0].x; // KQ combine max new, max between all parallel warps.
@@ -1038,8 +1369,8 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
         }
 #pragma unroll
         for (int offset = np*cols_per_warp/2; offset >= cols_per_warp; offset >>= 1) {
-            if (offset < WARP_SIZE) {
-                KQ_cmn = fmaxf(KQ_cmn, __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_cmn, offset, WARP_SIZE));
+            if (offset < warp_size) {
+                KQ_cmn = fmaxf(KQ_cmn, __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_cmn, offset, warp_size));
             }
         }
 
@@ -1056,8 +1387,8 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
         }
 #pragma unroll
         for (int offset = np*cols_per_warp/2; offset >= cols_per_warp; offset >>= 1) {
-            if (offset < WARP_SIZE) {
-                KQ_crs += __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_crs, offset, WARP_SIZE);
+            if (offset < warp_size) {
+                KQ_crs += __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_crs, offset, warp_size);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1066,19 +1397,19 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
         // Write back combined meta data:
 #pragma unroll
         for (int imeta = 0; imeta < nmeta; ++imeta) {
-            if (np*cols_per_warp >= WARP_SIZE || threadIdx.x < np*cols_per_warp) {
+            if (np*cols_per_warp >= warp_size || threadIdx.x < np*cols_per_warp) {
                 // Combined KQ max scale + rowsum.
-                meta_ptr[imeta * WARP_SIZE * tile_stride/2] = make_float2(KQ_cms[imeta], KQ_crs);
+                meta_ptr[imeta * warp_size * tile_stride/2] = make_float2(KQ_cms[imeta], KQ_crs);
             }
         }
 
         // Combined KQ max + rowsum.
-        static_assert(cols_per_warp <= WARP_SIZE);
-        if (needs_fixup && (cols_per_warp == WARP_SIZE || threadIdx.x < cols_per_warp)) {
+        static_assert(cols_per_warp <= warp_size);
+        if (needs_fixup && (cols_per_warp == warp_size || threadIdx.x < cols_per_warp)) {
             float2 * dstk_fixup_meta = dstk_fixup + blockIdx.x*ncols;
             dstk_fixup_meta[(threadIdx.y/np)*cols_per_warp + threadIdx.x] = make_float2(KQ_cmn, KQ_crs);
         }
-        if (is_fixup && (cols_per_warp == WARP_SIZE || threadIdx.x < cols_per_warp)) {
+        if (is_fixup && (cols_per_warp == warp_size || threadIdx.x < cols_per_warp)) {
             float2 * dstk_fixup_meta = dstk_fixup + (gridDim.x + blockIdx.x)*ncols;
             dstk_fixup_meta[(threadIdx.y/np)*cols_per_warp + threadIdx.x] = make_float2(KQ_cmn, KQ_crs);
         }
@@ -1091,32 +1422,29 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
 
 #pragma unroll
     for (int k00 = 0; k00 < DV/2; k00 += nbatch_combine) {
-        if (ntiles == 1) {
-            const int jc_cwd = threadIdx.y*tile_B::I + tile_B::get_i(-1); // jc combine write data
+        if constexpr (cols_per_warp == 8) {
+            const int jc_cwd = threadIdx.y*T_B_KQ::I + T_B_KQ::get_i(-1); // jc combine write data
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_combine; k0 += tile_B::J) {
-                const tile_B B = get_transposed(VKQ_C[(k00 + k0)/tile_B::J]); // Conversion of C to B matrix puts it in column-major format.
+            for (int k1 = 0; k1 < nbatch_combine; k1 += T_B_KQ::J) {
+                const T_B_KQ B = get_transposed(VKQ_C[(k00 + k1)/T_B_KQ::J]); // Conversion of C to B matrix puts it in column-major format.
 
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int l = 0; l < tile_B::ne; ++l) {
-                    const int k = k0 + tile_B::get_j(l);
+                for (int l = 0; l < T_B_KQ::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int k = k1 + T_B_KQ::get_j(l);
 
                     tile_Q[jc_cwd*tile_stride + k] = B.x[l];
                 }
             }
         } else {
+            const int j0 = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp;
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int t = 0; t < ntiles/2; ++t) {
-                const int j0 = threadIdx.y*cols_per_warp + t*tile_C_VKQ_16::I;
+            for (int k1 = 0; k1 < nbatch_combine; k1 += T_C_VKQ::J) {
 #pragma unroll
-                for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_combine; k0 += tile_C_VKQ_16::J) {
-#pragma unroll
-                    for (int l = 0; l < tile_C_VKQ_16::ne; ++l) {
-                        const int j = j0 + tile_C_VKQ_16::get_i(l);
-                        const int k = k0 + tile_C_VKQ_16::get_j(l);
+                for (int l = 0; l < T_C_VKQ::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int j = j0 + T_C_VKQ::get_i(l);
+                    const int k = k1 + T_C_VKQ::get_j(l);
 
-                        tile_Q[j*tile_stride + k] = VKQ_C_16[(k00 + k0)/tile_C_VKQ_16::J * ntiles/2 + t].x[l];
-                    }
+                    tile_Q[j*tile_stride + k] = VKQ_C[(k00 + k1)/T_C_VKQ::J].x[l];
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1129,10 +1457,10 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
             float2 * dstk_fixup_data = dstk_fixup + gridDim.x*(2*ncols) + blockIdx.x*(ncols*(DV/2));
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int stride_k : {WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/2, WARP_SIZE/4}) {
-                const int k0_start  = stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : nbatch_combine - nbatch_combine % (2*stride_k);
+            for (int stride_k : {warp_size, warp_size/2, warp_size/4, warp_size/8}) {
+                const int k0_start  = stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : nbatch_combine - nbatch_combine % (2*stride_k);
                 const int k0_stop   =                             nbatch_combine - nbatch_combine % (1*stride_k);
-                const int stride_jc = WARP_SIZE / stride_k;
+                const int stride_jc = warp_size / stride_k;
 
                 if (k0_start == k0_stop) {
                     continue;
@@ -1140,7 +1468,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
 
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int jc0_dst = 0; jc0_dst < ncols; jc0_dst += (nwarps/np)*stride_jc) {
-                    const int jc_dst = jc0_dst + (threadIdx.y/np)*stride_jc + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
+                    const int jc_dst = jc0_dst + (threadIdx.y/np)*stride_jc + (stride_k == warp_size ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_k);
 
                     if (jc0_dst + (nwarps/np)*stride_jc > ncols && jc_dst >= ncols) {
                         break;
@@ -1151,14 +1479,14 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
                     const int j_dst = jc_dst / ncols2;
                     const int c_dst = jc_dst % ncols2;
 
-                    if (!is_fixup && jt*ncols1 + j_dst >= ne01) {
+                    if (!is_fixup && ((ncols1 > 1 && jt*ncols1 + j_dst >= int(ne01.z)) || (ncols2 > 1 && zt_gqa*ncols2 + c_dst >= gqa_ratio))) {
                         continue;
                     }
 
                     const float * meta_j = (const float *) tile_Q + jc_tile_K*tile_stride + nbatch_combine;
 #pragma unroll
                     for (int k0 = k0_start; k0 < k0_stop; k0 += stride_k) {
-                        const int k = k0 + (stride_k == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
+                        const int k = k0 + (stride_k == warp_size ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_k);
 
                         float2 dstk_val = make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1189,23 +1517,23 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile(
         }
     }
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q_f2); GGML_UNUSED(K_h2); GGML_UNUSED(V_h2);
-    GGML_UNUSED(mask_h2); GGML_UNUSED(dstk); GGML_UNUSED(dstk_fixup);
-    GGML_UNUSED(scale); GGML_UNUSED(slope); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02); GGML_UNUSED(stride_Q1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(stride_Q2); GGML_UNUSED(stride_K); GGML_UNUSED(stride_V); GGML_UNUSED(stride_mask);
-    GGML_UNUSED(jt); GGML_UNUSED(kb0_start); GGML_UNUSED(kb0_stop);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, sinks_f, dstk, dstk_fixup,
+        scale, slope, logit_softcap, ne01, ne02, gqa_ratio,
+        stride_Q1, stride_Q2, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask,
+        jt, kb0_start, kb0_stop);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || (defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && defined(RDNA4)) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
-template<int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, int nwarps, int ntiles, bool use_logit_softcap, bool mla>
-__launch_bounds__(nwarps*WARP_SIZE, 1)
+template<int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, bool use_logit_softcap, bool V_is_K_view>
+__launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nthreads(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2), ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_occupancy(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2))
 static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
         const char * __restrict__ Q,
         const char * __restrict__ K,
         const char * __restrict__ V,
         const char * __restrict__ mask,
+        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
+        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
         float      * __restrict__ dst,
         float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
         const float scale,
@@ -1214,36 +1542,27 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
         const float m1,
         const uint32_t n_head_log2,
         const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne00,
-        const int ne01,
-        const int ne02,
-        const int ne03,
-        const int ne10,
-        const int ne11,
-        const int ne12,
-        const int ne13,
-        const int ne31,
-        const int nb31,
-        const int nb01,
-        const int nb02,
-        const int nb03,
-        const int nb11,
-        const int nb12,
-        const int nb13,
-        const int nb21,
-        const int nb22,
-        const int nb23,
-        const int ne0,
-        const int ne1,
-        const int ne2,
-        const int ne3) {
-#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+        const int32_t ne00, const uint3   ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
+                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
+        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
+                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
+                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
+                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33) {
+#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && (defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || (defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && defined(RDNA4)) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE))
 
     // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
     if (use_logit_softcap && !(DKQ == 128 || DKQ == 256)) {
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
         return;
     }
+#ifdef VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    if (ncols1*ncols2 < 32) {
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+#endif // VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
     if (ncols1*ncols2 > 32) {
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
@@ -1251,29 +1570,42 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
     }
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
 
-    static_assert(!mla || DKQ >= DV, "MLA needs DKQ >= DV");
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if (ncols1*ncols2 > 32 || ncols1*ncols2 < 16 || DKQ > 128 || ncols2 == 1) {
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    typedef fattn_mma_f16_config<DKQ, DV> c;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if (DKQ != 64 && DKQ != 80 && DKQ != 96 && DKQ != 112 && DKQ != 128) {
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    static_assert(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE % fattn_mma_f16_config<DKQ, DV>::nbatch_fa == 0, "bad nbatch_fa");
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    constexpr int ncols     = ncols1 * ncols2;
+    constexpr int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int nthreads  = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nthreads(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    constexpr int nwarps    = nthreads / warp_size;
 
     const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
 
     const int stride_Q1   = nb01 / sizeof(float2);
     const int stride_Q2   = nb02 / sizeof(float2);
     const int stride_K    = nb11 / sizeof(half2);
-    const int stride_mask = nb31 / sizeof(half2);
-
-    const int stride_V = mla ? stride_K : nb21 / sizeof(half2);
+    const int stride_mask = nb31 / sizeof(half);
 
-    const int iter_k = ne11 / FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
-    const int iter_j = (ne01 + (ncols1 - 1)) / ncols1;
+    const int stride_V = V_is_K_view ? stride_K : nb21 / sizeof(half2);
 
-    constexpr int kb_niter = FATTN_KQ_STRIDE / c::nbatch_fa; // Number of kernel iterations per assigned KQ slice.
+    const int iter_k     = (ne11      + (nbatch_fa - 1)) / nbatch_fa;
+    const int iter_j     = (ne01.z    + (ncols1    - 1)) / ncols1;
+    const int iter_z_gqa = (gqa_ratio + (ncols2    - 1)) / ncols2;
 
     // kbc == k block continuous, current index in continuous ijk space.
-    int       kbc      = (blockIdx.x + 0)*iter_k*iter_j*(ne02/ncols2) / gridDim.x;
-    const int kbc_stop = (blockIdx.x + 1)*iter_k*iter_j*(ne02/ncols2) / gridDim.x;
+    int       kbc      = int64_t(blockIdx.x + 0)*(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12*ne03) / gridDim.x;
+    const int kbc_stop = int64_t(blockIdx.x + 1)*(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12*ne03) / gridDim.x;
 
     // If the seams of 2 CUDA blocks fall within an output tile their results need to be combined.
     // For this we need to track both the block that starts the tile (needs_fixup) and the block that finishes the tile (is_fixup).
@@ -1282,33 +1614,41 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
     // kb0 == k start index when in the output tile.
     int kb0_start = kbc % iter_k;
     int kb0_stop  = min(iter_k, kb0_start + kbc_stop - kbc);
+
     while (kbc < kbc_stop && kb0_stop == iter_k) {
-        const int channel = kbc / (iter_k*iter_j);
-        const int jt      = (kbc - channel*iter_k*iter_j) / iter_k; // j index of current tile.
+        // z_KV == K/V head index, zt_gqa = Q head start index per K/V head, jt = token position start index
+        const int sequence =  kbc /(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12);
+        const int z_KV     = (kbc - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence)/(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa);
+        const int zt_gqa   = (kbc - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV)/(iter_k*iter_j);
+        const int jt       = (kbc - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV - iter_k*iter_j * zt_gqa) / iter_k;
 
-        const float2 * Q_f2    = (const float2 *) (Q + nb02* channel*ncols2);
-        const half2  * K_h2    = (const half2  *) (K + nb12*(channel*ncols2 / gqa_ratio));
-        const half2  * mask_h2 = ncols2 > 1 || mask ? (const half2  *) mask + (nb31/sizeof(half2))*jt*ncols1 : nullptr;
-        float2       * dstk    = ((float2 *) dst) + channel*(ncols2 * DV/2);
+        const int zt_Q = z_KV*gqa_ratio + zt_gqa*ncols2; // Global Q head start index.
 
-        const half2 * V_h2 = mla ? K_h2 + (DKQ/2 - DV/2) : (const half2 *) (V + nb22*(channel*ncols2 / gqa_ratio));
+        const float2 * Q_f2   = (const float2 *) (Q + nb03*sequence + nb02*zt_Q);
+        const half2  * K_h2   = (const half2  *) (K + nb13*sequence + nb12*z_KV);
+        const half   * mask_h = ncols2 == 1 && !mask ? nullptr :
+            (const half *) (mask + nb33*(sequence % ne33));
+        float2       * dstk   = ((float2 *) dst) + (sequence*ne01.z*ne02 + zt_Q) * (DV/2);
 
-        const float slope = ncols2 == 1 ? get_alibi_slope(max_bias, channel, n_head_log2, m0, m1) : 1.0f;
+        const half2 * V_h2 = V_is_K_view ? K_h2 : (const half2 *) (V + nb23*sequence + nb22*z_KV);
+        const float * sinks_f = sinks ? (const float *) sinks + zt_Q : nullptr;
 
-        const int kb0_start_kernel = kb0_start * kb_niter;
-        const int kb0_stop_kernel  = kb0_stop  * kb_niter;
+        const float slope = ncols2 == 1 ? get_alibi_slope(max_bias, zt_Q, n_head_log2, m0, m1) : 1.0f;
 
+        if (KV_max) {
+            kb0_stop = min(kb0_stop, KV_max[sequence*iter_j + jt] / nbatch_fa);
+        }
         constexpr bool is_fixup = false; // All but (potentially) the last iterations write their data to dst rather than the fixup buffer.
         if (kb0_start == 0) {
             constexpr bool needs_fixup = false; // CUDA block is working on an entire tile.
-            flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, ntiles, use_logit_softcap, mla, needs_fixup, is_fixup>
-                (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h2, dstk, dst_meta, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
-                 ne01, ne02, stride_Q1, stride_Q2, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, kb0_start_kernel, kb0_stop_kernel);
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view, needs_fixup, is_fixup>
+                (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, sinks_f, dstk, dst_meta, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
+                 ne01, ne02, gqa_ratio, ne11, stride_Q1, stride_Q2, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, zt_gqa, kb0_start, kb0_stop);
         } else {
-            constexpr bool needs_fixup = true; // CUDA block is working on the beginning of a tile.
-            flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, ntiles, use_logit_softcap, mla, needs_fixup, is_fixup>
-                (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h2, dstk, dst_meta, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
-                 ne01, ne02, stride_Q1, stride_Q2, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, kb0_start_kernel, kb0_stop_kernel);
+            constexpr bool needs_fixup = true; // CUDA block is missing the beginning of a tile.
+            flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view, needs_fixup, is_fixup>
+                (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, sinks_f, dstk, dst_meta, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
+                 ne01, ne02, gqa_ratio, ne11, stride_Q1, stride_Q2, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, zt_gqa, kb0_start, kb0_stop);
         }
 
         kbc += iter_k;
@@ -1322,39 +1662,46 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
         return;
     }
 
-    const int channel = kbc / (iter_k*iter_j);
-    const int jt      = (kbc - channel*iter_k*iter_j) / iter_k; // j index of current tile.
+    // z_KV == K/V head index, zt_gqa = Q head start index per K/V head, jt = token position start index.
+    const int sequence =  kbc /(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12);
+    const int z_KV     = (kbc - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence)/(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa);
+    const int zt_gqa   = (kbc - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV)/(iter_k*iter_j);
+    const int jt       = (kbc - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV - iter_k*iter_j * zt_gqa) / iter_k;
 
-    const float2 * Q_f2    = (const float2 *) (Q + nb02* channel*ncols2);
-    const half2  * K_h2    = (const half2  *) (K + nb12*(channel*ncols2 / gqa_ratio));
-    const half2  * mask_h2 = ncols2 > 1 || mask ? (const half2  *) mask + (nb31/sizeof(half2))*jt*ncols1 : nullptr;
-    float2       * dstk    = ((float2 *) dst) + channel*(ncols2 * DV/2);
+    const int zt_Q = z_KV*gqa_ratio + zt_gqa*ncols2; // Global Q head start index.
 
-    const half2 * V_h2 = mla ? K_h2 + (DKQ/2 - DV/2) : (const half2 *) (V + nb22*(channel*ncols2 / gqa_ratio));
+    const float2 * Q_f2   = (const float2 *) (Q + nb03*sequence + nb02*zt_Q);
+    const half2  * K_h2   = (const half2  *) (K + nb13*sequence + nb12*z_KV);
+    const half   * mask_h = ncols2 == 1 && !mask ? nullptr :
+        (const half *) (mask + nb33*(sequence % ne33));
+    float2       * dstk   = ((float2 *) dst) + (sequence*ne01.z*ne02 + zt_Q) * (DV/2);
 
-    const float slope = ncols2 == 1 ? get_alibi_slope(max_bias, channel, n_head_log2, m0, m1) : 1.0f;
+    const half2 * V_h2 = V_is_K_view ? K_h2 : (const half2 *) (V + nb23*sequence + nb22*z_KV);
+    const float * sinks_f = sinks ? (const float *) sinks + zt_Q : nullptr;
 
-    const int kb0_start_kernel = kb0_start * kb_niter;
-    const int kb0_stop_kernel  = kb0_stop  * kb_niter;
+    const float slope = ncols2 == 1 ? get_alibi_slope(max_bias, zt_Q, n_head_log2, m0, m1) : 1.0f;
+
+    if (KV_max) {
+        kb0_stop = min(kb0_stop, KV_max[sequence*iter_j + jt] / nbatch_fa);
+    }
 
     constexpr bool is_fixup = true; // Last index writes its data to fixup buffer to avoid data races with other blocks.
     constexpr bool needs_fixup = false;
-    flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, ntiles, use_logit_softcap, mla, needs_fixup, is_fixup>
-        (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h2, dstk, dst_meta, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
-         ne01, ne02, stride_Q1, stride_Q2, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, kb0_start_kernel, kb0_stop_kernel);
+    flash_attn_ext_f16_process_tile<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view, needs_fixup, is_fixup>
+        (Q_f2, K_h2, V_h2, mask_h, sinks_f, dstk, dst_meta, scale, slope, logit_softcap,
+         ne01, ne02, gqa_ratio, ne11, stride_Q1, stride_Q2, stride_K, stride_V, stride_mask, jt, zt_gqa, kb0_start, kb0_stop);
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-    GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap); GGML_UNUSED(ne00);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02); GGML_UNUSED(ne03); GGML_UNUSED(ne10);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne11); GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13); GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02); GGML_UNUSED(nb03);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12); GGML_UNUSED(nb13); GGML_UNUSED(nb21);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb22); GGML_UNUSED(nb23); GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+              nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+              nb11, nb12, nb13,
+              nb21, nb22, nb23,
+              ne31, ne32, ne33,
+              nb31, nb32, nb33);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+#endif // defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && (defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || (defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) && defined(RDNA4)) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE))
 }
 
 template <int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2>
@@ -1363,69 +1710,69 @@ void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml
     const int id = ggml_cuda_get_device();
     const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
 
-    typedef fattn_mma_f16_config<DKQ, DV> c;
+    constexpr int ncols = ncols1 * ncols2;
 
-    const int nstages = cp_async_available(cc) ? c::nstages_target : 0;
+    const int  nthreads       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nthreads      (DKQ, DV, ncols, cc);
+    const int  nbatch_fa      = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_fa     (DKQ, DV, ncols, cc);
+    const int  nbatch_K2      = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_K2     (DKQ, DV, ncols, cc);
+    const int  nbatch_V2      = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_V2     (DKQ, DV, ncols, cc);
+    const int  nbatch_combine = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nbatch_combine(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc);
+    const bool Q_in_reg       = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_Q_in_reg      (DKQ, DV, ncols, cc);
+    const int  nstages        = ggml_cuda_fattn_mma_get_nstages       (DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, cc);
 
-    constexpr int ncols         = ncols1 * ncols2;
-    constexpr int ntiles        = ncols <= 8 ? 1 : 2; // Number of tiles per warp.
-    constexpr int cols_per_warp = ntiles * tile_B::I;
-    constexpr int nwarps_max_x  = ncols / cols_per_warp;
-    constexpr int nwarps_max_y  = c::nbatch_fa / tile_A::I;
-    constexpr int nwarps        = nwarps_max_x*nwarps_max_y <= c::nwarps_max ? nwarps_max_x*nwarps_max_y : c::nwarps_max;
+    const int cols_per_warp = std::min(ncols, get_cols_per_warp(cc));
+    const int warp_size_host = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].warp_size;
+    const int nwarps         = nthreads / warp_size_host;
 
-    constexpr bool mla = DKQ == 576;
+    constexpr bool V_is_K_view = DKQ == 576; // Guaranteed by the kernel selection logic in fattn.cu
 
-    const int nbatch_K2      = c::get_nbatch_K2_host     (cc, ncols);
-    const int nbatch_V2      = c::get_nbatch_K2_host     (cc, ncols);
-    const int nbatch_combine = c::get_nbatch_combine_host(cc, ncols);
-
-    static_assert(DKQ   % tile_B::J     == 0, "bad DKQ");
-    static_assert(DV    % tile_A::J     == 0, "bad DV");
-    static_assert(ncols % cols_per_warp == 0, "bad ncols");
-
-    const size_t nbytes_shared_KV_1stage = c::nbatch_fa         * std::max(nbatch_K2 + 4,  nbatch_V2 + 4) * sizeof(half2);
-    const size_t nbytes_shared_KV_2stage = c::nbatch_fa         *         (nbatch_K2 + 4 + nbatch_V2 + 4) * sizeof(half2);
+    const size_t nbytes_shared_KV_1stage = nbatch_fa            * std::max(nbatch_K2 + 4,  nbatch_V2 + 4) * sizeof(half2);
+    const size_t nbytes_shared_KV_2stage = nbatch_fa            *         (nbatch_K2 + 4 + nbatch_V2 + 4) * sizeof(half2);
     const size_t nbytes_shared_Q         = ncols                * (DKQ/2 + 4)                             * sizeof(half2);
-    const size_t nbytes_shared_mask      = ncols1               * (c::nbatch_fa/2 + 4)                    * sizeof(half2);
+    const size_t nbytes_shared_mask      = ncols1               * (nbatch_fa/2 + 4)                       * sizeof(half2);
     const size_t nbytes_shared_combine   = nwarps*cols_per_warp * (nbatch_combine + 4)                    * sizeof(half2);
 
     const size_t nbytes_shared_KV = nstages <= 1 ? nbytes_shared_KV_1stage : nbytes_shared_KV_2stage;
 
-    const size_t nbytes_shared_total = std::max(nbytes_shared_combine, c::Q_in_reg ?
+    const size_t nbytes_shared_total = std::max(nbytes_shared_combine, Q_in_reg ?
         std::max(nbytes_shared_Q,  nbytes_shared_KV + nbytes_shared_mask) :
                  nbytes_shared_Q + nbytes_shared_KV + nbytes_shared_mask);
 
     float logit_softcap;
     memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
 
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+    using fattn_kernel_ptr_t = const void*;
+#else
+    using fattn_kernel_ptr_t = fattn_kernel_t;
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel;
     if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
         constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-        fattn_kernel = flash_attn_ext_f16<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, ntiles, use_logit_softcap, mla>;
+        fattn_kernel = flash_attn_ext_f16<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view>;
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
         static bool shared_memory_limit_raised[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {false};
         if (!shared_memory_limit_raised[id]) {
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(fattn_kernel, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, nbytes_shared_total));
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(reinterpret_cast<fattn_kernel_ptr_t>(fattn_kernel), cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, nbytes_shared_total));
             shared_memory_limit_raised[id] = true;
         }
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
     } else {
         constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-        fattn_kernel = flash_attn_ext_f16<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, nwarps, ntiles, use_logit_softcap, mla>;
+        fattn_kernel = flash_attn_ext_f16<DKQ, DV, ncols1, ncols2, use_logit_softcap, V_is_K_view>;
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
         static bool shared_memory_limit_raised[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {false};
         if (!shared_memory_limit_raised[id]) {
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(fattn_kernel, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, nbytes_shared_total));
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(reinterpret_cast<fattn_kernel_ptr_t>(fattn_kernel), cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, nbytes_shared_total));
             shared_memory_limit_raised[id] = true;
         }
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
     }
 
     launch_fattn<DV, ncols1, ncols2>
-        (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared_total, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE, true, true, true);
+        (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared_total, nbatch_fa, true, true, true, warp_size_host);
 }
 
 
@@ -1472,3 +1819,10 @@ DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE_ALL_NCOLS2(256, 256,  64)
 extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 1, 16);
 extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 2, 16);
 extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 4, 16);
+
+// For GLM 4.7 Flash
+extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512,  4,  4);
+extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512,  8,  4);
+extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 16,  4);
+extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512,  1, 32);
+extern DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512,  2, 32);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 9283560d5c4..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,357 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f16.cuh"
-
-#define FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16 64
-
-template<int D, int ncols, int nwarps, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
-__launch_bounds__(nwarps*WARP_SIZE, 1)
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
-static __global__ void flash_attn_tile_ext_f16(
-        const char * __restrict__ Q,
-        const char * __restrict__ K,
-        const char * __restrict__ V,
-        const char * __restrict__ mask,
-        float      * __restrict__ dst,
-        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
-        const float scale,
-        const float max_bias,
-        const float m0,
-        const float m1,
-        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
-        const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne00,
-        const int ne01,
-        const int ne02,
-        const int ne03,
-        const int ne10,
-        const int ne11,
-        const int ne12,
-        const int ne13,
-        const int ne31,
-        const int nb31,
-        const int nb01,
-        const int nb02,
-        const int nb03,
-        const int nb11,
-        const int nb12,
-        const int nb13,
-        const int nb21,
-        const int nb22,
-        const int nb23,
-        const int ne0,
-        const int ne1,
-        const int ne2,
-        const int ne3) {
-#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(FP16_AVAILABLE)
-
-    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
-#ifdef FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-    return;
-#endif // FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    //In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
-
-    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
-
-    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
-    const float2 * Q_f2  = (const float2 *) (Q    + nb02* blockIdx.z              + nb01*ic0);
-    const half2  * K_h2  = (const half2  *) (K    + nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio));
-    const half2  * V_h2  = (const half2  *) (V    + nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
-    const half   * maskh = (const half   *)  mask + ne11*ic0;
-
-    const int stride_KV2 = nb11 / sizeof(half2);
-
-    const float slopef = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, blockIdx.z, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
-    const half  slopeh = __float2half(slopef);
-
-    static_assert(D % (2*WARP_SIZE) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*WARP_SIZE == 64.");
-
-    __shared__ half KQ[ncols*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16];
-    half2 * KQ2 = (half2 *) KQ;
-
-    __shared__ half2 KV_tmp[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16][D/2 + 1]; // Pad D to avoid memory bank conflicts.
-
-    half kqmax[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        kqmax[j0/nwarps] = -HALF_MAX_HALF;
-    }
-    half2 kqsum[ncols/nwarps] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
-
-    half2 VKQ[ncols/nwarps][(D/2)/WARP_SIZE] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
-
-    // Convert Q to half2 and store in registers:
-    __shared__ half2 Q_h2[ncols][D/2];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-            const float2 tmp = ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f2[j*(nb01/sizeof(float2)) + i] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-            Q_h2[j][i] = make_half2(scale, scale) * make_half2(tmp.x, tmp.y);
-        }
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; k_VKQ_0 < ne11; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16) {
-        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
-
-        half kqmax_new[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols/nwarps; ++j) {
-            kqmax_new[j] = kqmax[j];
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D/2; k_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ] = K_h2[(k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ)*stride_KV2 + k_KQ];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        half2 sum2[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/WARP_SIZE][ncols/nwarps] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k_KQ = 0; k_KQ < D/2; ++k_KQ) {
-            half2 K_k[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/WARP_SIZE];
-            half2 Q_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE] = KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = Q_h2[j_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                    sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE]*Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                half sum;
-                if (use_logit_softcap) {
-                    const float2 tmp = __half22float2(sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-                    sum = logit_softcap * tanhf(tmp.x + tmp.y);
-                } else {
-                    sum = __low2half(sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]) + __high2half(sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-                }
-                sum += mask ? slopeh*maskh[j_KQ*ne11 + k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ] : __float2half(0.0f);
-
-                kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = ggml_cuda_hmax(kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps], sum);
-
-                KQ[j_KQ*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16 + i_KQ] = sum;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            kqmax_new[j0/nwarps] = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
-            const half2 KQ_max_scale = __half2half2(hexp(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]));
-            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new[j0/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                const half2 diff = KQ2[j*(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2) + i] - __half2half2(kqmax[j0/nwarps]);
-                const half2 val = h2exp(diff);
-                kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps]*KQ_max_scale + val;
-                KQ2[j*(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2) + i] = val;
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE] *= KQ_max_scale;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; k0 += nwarps) {
-            const int k = k0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                KV_tmp[k][i] = V_h2[(k_VKQ_0 + k)*stride_KV2 + i];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; k0 += 2) {
-            half2  V_k[(D/2)/WARP_SIZE][2];
-            half2 KQ_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][0] = KV_tmp[k0 + 0][i];
-                V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][1] = KV_tmp[k0 + 1][i];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                KQ_k[j0/nwarps] = KQ2[j*(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2) + k0/2];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE] += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][0]* __low2half2(KQ_k[j0/nwarps]);
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE] += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][1]*__high2half2(KQ_k[j0/nwarps]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j_VKQ_0 = 0; j_VKQ_0 < ncols; j_VKQ_0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j_VKQ = j_VKQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-        if (ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        half kqsum_j = __low2half(kqsum[j_VKQ_0/nwarps]) + __high2half(kqsum[j_VKQ_0/nwarps]);
-        kqsum_j = warp_reduce_sum((float)kqsum_j);
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i00 = 0; i00 < D; i00 += 2*WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i0 = i00 + 2*threadIdx.x;
-
-            half2 dst_val = VKQ[j_VKQ_0/nwarps][i0/(2*WARP_SIZE)];
-            if (gridDim.y == 1) {
-                dst_val /= __half2half2(kqsum_j);
-            }
-            const int j_dst = (ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
-            dst[j_dst*D*gridDim.z + D*blockIdx.z + i0 + 0] =  __low2float(dst_val);
-            dst[j_dst*D*gridDim.z + D*blockIdx.z + i0 + 1] = __high2float(dst_val);
-        }
-
-        if (gridDim.y != 1 && threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            dst_meta[((ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.z + blockIdx.z) * gridDim.y + blockIdx.y] = make_float2(kqmax[j_VKQ_0/nwarps], kqsum_j);
-        }
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-    GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne00); GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne03); GGML_UNUSED(ne10); GGML_UNUSED(ne11);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13); GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb03); GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb13); GGML_UNUSED(nb21); GGML_UNUSED(nb22);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb23); GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(FP16_AVAILABLE)
-}
-
-template <int cols_per_block, bool use_logit_softcap>
-void launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
-    switch (Q->ne[0]) {
-        case  64: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 64;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f16<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        case 128: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 128;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f16<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        default: {
-            GGML_ABORT("FlashAttention without tensor cores only supports head sizes 64 and 128.");
-        } break;
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
-    const ggml_tensor * Q   = dst->src[0];
-
-    const int32_t precision = KQV->op_params[3];
-    GGML_ASSERT(precision == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT);
-
-    float logit_softcap;
-    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] <= 16) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    constexpr int cols_per_block = 32;
-    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    } else {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index ffc5878427b..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 32673adb57f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,365 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f32.cuh"
-
-#define FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 32
-
-template<int D, int ncols, int nwarps, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
-__launch_bounds__(nwarps*WARP_SIZE, 1)
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
-static __global__ void flash_attn_tile_ext_f32(
-        const char * __restrict__ Q,
-        const char * __restrict__ K,
-        const char * __restrict__ V,
-        const char * __restrict__ mask,
-        float      * __restrict__ dst,
-        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
-        const float scale,
-        const float max_bias,
-        const float m0,
-        const float m1,
-        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
-        const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne00,
-        const int ne01,
-        const int ne02,
-        const int ne03,
-        const int ne10,
-        const int ne11,
-        const int ne12,
-        const int ne13,
-        const int ne31,
-        const int nb31,
-        const int nb01,
-        const int nb02,
-        const int nb03,
-        const int nb11,
-        const int nb12,
-        const int nb13,
-        const int nb21,
-        const int nb22,
-        const int nb23,
-        const int ne0,
-        const int ne1,
-        const int ne2,
-        const int ne3) {
-#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-
-    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
-#ifdef FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-    return;
-#endif // FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
-        GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-        GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-        GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-        GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne00); GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne03); GGML_UNUSED(ne10); GGML_UNUSED(ne11);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13); GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb03); GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb13); GGML_UNUSED(nb21); GGML_UNUSED(nb22);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb23); GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
-
-    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
-
-    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
-    const float2 * Q_f2  = (const float2 *) (Q    + nb02* blockIdx.z              + nb01*ic0);
-    const half2  * K_h2  = (const half2  *) (K    + nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio));
-    const half2  * V_h2  = (const half2  *) (V    + nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
-    const half   * maskh = (const half   *)  mask + ne11*ic0;
-
-    const int stride_KV2 = nb11 / sizeof(half2);
-
-    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, blockIdx.z, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
-
-    static_assert(D % (2*WARP_SIZE) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*WARP_SIZE == 64.");
-
-    __shared__ float KQ[ncols*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32];
-
-    __shared__ float KV_tmp[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32][D + 1]; // Pad D to avoid memory bank conflicts.
-    float2 * KV_tmp2 = (float2 *) KV_tmp;
-
-    float kqmax[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        kqmax[j0/nwarps] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
-    }
-    float kqsum[ncols/nwarps] = {0.0f};
-
-    float2 VKQ[ncols/nwarps][(D/2)/WARP_SIZE] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
-
-    // Convert Q to half2 and store in registers:
-    __shared__ float Q_f[ncols][D];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D; i0 += 2*WARP_SIZE) {
-            float2 tmp = ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f2[j*(nb01/sizeof(float2)) + i0/2 + threadIdx.x] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-            Q_f[j][i0 + 0*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = tmp.x * scale;
-            Q_f[j][i0 + 1*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = tmp.y * scale;
-        }
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; k_VKQ_0 < ne11; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32) {
-        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
-
-        float kqmax_new[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols/nwarps; ++j) {
-            kqmax_new[j] = kqmax[j];
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D; k_KQ_0 += 2*WARP_SIZE) {
-                const half2 tmp = K_h2[(k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ)*stride_KV2 + k_KQ_0/2 + threadIdx.x];
-                KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ_0 + 0*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] =  __low2float(tmp);
-                KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ_0 + 1*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = __high2float(tmp);
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        float sum[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32/WARP_SIZE][ncols/nwarps] = {{0.0f}};
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k_KQ = 0; k_KQ < D; ++k_KQ) {
-            float K_k[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32/WARP_SIZE];
-            float Q_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE] = KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = Q_f[j_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                    sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE] * Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                if (use_logit_softcap) {
-                    sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] = logit_softcap * tanhf(sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-                }
-
-                sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += mask ? slope*__half2float(maskh[j_KQ*ne11 + k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ]) : 0.0f;
-
-                kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = fmaxf(kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps], sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-
-                KQ[j_KQ*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + i_KQ] = sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            kqmax_new[j0/nwarps] = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
-            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
-            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new[j0/nwarps];
-
-            float kqsum_add = 0.0f;
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                const float diff = KQ[j*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + i] - kqmax[j0/nwarps];
-                const float val = expf(diff);
-                kqsum_add += val;
-                KQ[j*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + i] = val;
-            }
-            kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps]*KQ_max_scale + kqsum_add;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].x *= KQ_max_scale;
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].y *= KQ_max_scale;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; k0 += nwarps) {
-            const int k = k0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                KV_tmp2[k*(D/2) + i].x =  __low2float(V_h2[(k_VKQ_0 + k)*stride_KV2 + i]);
-                KV_tmp2[k*(D/2) + i].y = __high2float(V_h2[(k_VKQ_0 + k)*stride_KV2 + i]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; ++k) {
-            float2 V_k[(D/2)/WARP_SIZE];
-            float  KQ_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE] = KV_tmp2[k*(D/2) + i];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                KQ_k[j0/nwarps] = KQ[j*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + k];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].x += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE].x*KQ_k[j0/nwarps];
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].y += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE].y*KQ_k[j0/nwarps];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j_VKQ_0 = 0; j_VKQ_0 < ncols; j_VKQ_0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j_VKQ = j_VKQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-        if (ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        float kqsum_j = kqsum[j_VKQ_0/nwarps];
-        kqsum_j = warp_reduce_sum(kqsum_j);
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i00 = 0; i00 < D; i00 += 2*WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i0 = i00 + 2*threadIdx.x;
-
-            float2 dst_val = VKQ[j_VKQ_0/nwarps][i0/(2*WARP_SIZE)];
-            if (gridDim.y == 1) {
-                dst_val.x /= kqsum_j;
-                dst_val.y /= kqsum_j;
-            }
-            const int j_dst = (ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
-            dst[j_dst*D*gridDim.z + D*blockIdx.z + i0 + 0] = dst_val.x;
-            dst[j_dst*D*gridDim.z + D*blockIdx.z + i0 + 1] = dst_val.y;
-        }
-
-        if (gridDim.y != 1 && threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            dst_meta[((ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.z + blockIdx.z) * gridDim.y + blockIdx.y] = make_float2(kqmax[j_VKQ_0/nwarps], kqsum_j);
-        }
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-    GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne00); GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne03); GGML_UNUSED(ne10); GGML_UNUSED(ne11);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13); GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb03); GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb13); GGML_UNUSED(nb21); GGML_UNUSED(nb22);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb23); GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-}
-
-template <int cols_per_block, bool use_logit_softcap>
-void launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
-    switch (Q->ne[0]) {
-        case  64: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 64;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f32<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        case 128: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 128;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f32<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        default: {
-            GGML_ABORT("FlashAttention without tensor cores only supports head sizes 64 and 128.");
-        } break;
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f32(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
-    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
-
-    float logit_softcap;
-    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] <= 16) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    constexpr int cols_per_block = 32;
-    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    } else {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index b1c546c8054..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f32(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3fcb09b7a2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "fattn-tile.cuh"
+#include "fattn-wmma-f16.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * K = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
+    switch (K->ne[0]) {
+        case  40: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 40,  40>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  64: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 64,  64>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  72: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 72,  72>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  80: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 80,  80>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  96: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 96,  96>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 112: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<112, 112>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 128: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<128, 128>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 256: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<256, 256>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 576: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == 512);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<576, 512>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        default: {
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported head size");
+        } break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3fa80ab23d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,1258 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "fattn-common.cuh"
+#include "fattn-wmma-f16.cuh"
+
+// nbatch_fa == number of KQ rows to process per iteration
+// nbatch_K == number of K columns to load in parallel for KQ calculation
+
+// TODO optimize kernel parameters for FP16 NVIDIA (P100)
+// TODO optimize kernel parameters for head sizes 40, 72, 80, 96, 112
+
+// The ROCm compiler cannot handle templating in __launch_bounds__.
+// As a workaround, define a macro to package the kernel parameters as uint32_t:
+#define GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(DKQ_, DV_, ncols_, nthreads, occupancy, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K) \
+    if (DKQ == (DKQ_) && DV == (DV_) && ncols == (ncols_)) {                                          \
+        static_assert((nthreads)          <= 512, "bad nthreads");                                    \
+        static_assert((occupancy)         <=   8, "bad occupancy");                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_fa)         <= 256, "bad nbatch_fa");                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_K)          <= 256, "bad nbatch_K");                                    \
+        return ((nthreads) << 0) | ((occupancy) << 10) | ((nbatch_fa) << 14) | ((nbatch_K) << 23);    \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nvidia_fp16(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2,  64, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  64,  48)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  64,  56)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2,  64, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2,  64, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nvidia_fp32(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4, 128, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 3,  32, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 128, 3,  64, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 128, 3,  32, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 128, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 256, 2,  32, 256)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 2,  32, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 2,  32,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 2,  32,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_amd(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2,  64, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 2,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 64, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 64, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 64, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 64, 256, 2,  64,  32)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 2,  32, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 2,  32, 128)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 512, 1, 128,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_amd_rdna(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 5, 128,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 128, 5, 128,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 128, 4,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 128, 5,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 64, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 64, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 64, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 8,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 128, 8,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 256, 3, 128, 128)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 3, 128,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 64, 256, 3,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 128, 6,  32, 256)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 128, 6,  32, 256)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 5,  32, 256)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 3,  64, 128)
+
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 4,  64,  64)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static __host__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
+        if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA(cc)) {
+            return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_amd_rdna(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+        }
+        return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_amd(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    }
+    if (fast_fp16_available(cc)) {
+        return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nvidia_fp16(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    }
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nvidia_fp32(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+#ifdef RDNA
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_amd_rdna(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#else
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_amd(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#endif // RDNA
+#else
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nvidia_fp16(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#else
+    return ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nvidia_fp32(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+}
+
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 0) & ((1 << 10) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 0) & ((1 << 10) - 1);
+}
+
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_occupancy(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 10) & ((1 << 4) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_occupancy(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 10) & ((1 << 4) - 1);
+}
+
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 14) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 14) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+static __host__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_K(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 23) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_K(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 23) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+// TODO: deduplicate with mma-f16
+template<int warp_size, int nwarps, int I, int J, int J_padding, bool oob_check>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_tile_load_tile(
+        const half2 * const __restrict__ KV, half2 * const __restrict__ tile_KV, const int stride_KV, const int i_sup) {
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    auto load = [&] __device__ (const int n) {
+        const int stride_j = warp_size >> n;
+
+        if (stride_j == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const int j0_start = stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : ((J/2)/cpy_ne) - ((J/2)/cpy_ne) % (2*stride_j);
+        const int j0_stop  =                             ((J/2)/cpy_ne) - ((J/2)/cpy_ne) % (1*stride_j);
+        const int stride_i = warp_size / stride_j;
+
+        if (j0_start == j0_stop) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < I; i0 += nwarps*stride_i) {
+            const int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*stride_i + (stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_j);
+
+            if (i0 + nwarps*stride_i <= I || i < I) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = j0_start; j0 < j0_stop; j0 += stride_j) {
+                    const int j = j0*cpy_ne + (stride_j == warp_size ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_j)*cpy_ne;
+
+                    const __align__(16) half2 zero[cpy_ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(
+                        tile_KV + i*(J/2 + J_padding) + j,
+                        !oob_check || i < i_sup ? KV + i*stride_KV + j : zero);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    // 1: max 64*16=512 bytes, 512 half
+    // 2: max 32*16=512 bytes, 256 half
+    // 3: max 16*16=256 bytes, 128 half
+    // 4: max  8*16=128 bytes,  64 half
+    // 5: max  4*16= 64 bytes,  32 half
+    // 6: max  2*16= 32 bytes,  16 half
+    // 7: max  1*16= 16 bytes,   8 half
+    static_assert(J % 8 == 0, "bad J");
+    static_assert((J/2) % cpy_ne == 0, "bad J");
+    ggml_cuda_unroll<7>{}(load);
+}
+
+template<int warp_size, int nwarps, int I, int J, int J_padding, bool oob_check>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_tile_load_tile(
+        const half2 * const __restrict__ KV, float * const __restrict__ tile_KV, const int stride_KV, const int i_sup) {
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    auto load = [&] __device__ (const int n) {
+        const int stride_j = warp_size >> n;
+
+        if (stride_j == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const int j0_start = stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : (J/cpy_ne) - (J/cpy_ne) % (2*stride_j);
+        const int j0_stop  =                             (J/cpy_ne) - (J/cpy_ne) % (1*stride_j);
+        const int stride_i = warp_size / stride_j;
+
+        if (j0_start == j0_stop) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < I; i0 += nwarps*stride_i) {
+            const int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*stride_i + (stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : threadIdx.x / stride_j);
+
+            if (i0 + nwarps*stride_i <= I || i < I) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = j0_start; j0 < j0_stop; j0 += stride_j) {
+                    const int j = j0*(cpy_ne/2) + (stride_j == warp_size ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % stride_j)*(cpy_ne/2);
+
+                    const half2 zero[cpy_ne/2] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+                    __align__(16) half2 tmp_h2[cpy_ne/2];
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_h2)>(
+                        tmp_h2, !oob_check || i < i_sup ? KV + i*stride_KV + j : zero);
+
+                    __align__(16) float2 tmp_f2[cpy_ne/2];
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int l = 0; l < cpy_ne/2; ++l) {
+                        tmp_f2[l] = __half22float2(tmp_h2[l]);
+                    }
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_f2)>(tile_KV + i*(J + J_padding) + 2*j, tmp_f2);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    // 1: max 32*16=512 bytes, 128 float
+    // 2: max 16*16=256 bytes,  64 float
+    // 3: max  8*16=128 bytes,  32 float
+    // 4: max  4*16= 64 bytes,  16 float
+    // 5: max  2*16= 32 bytes,   8 float
+    static_assert(J % 8 == 0, "bad J");
+    static_assert(J % cpy_ne == 0, "bad J");
+    ggml_cuda_unroll<5>{}(load);
+}
+
+// Function that performs a single iteration in for the KQ matrix multiplication:
+template <int warp_size, int nwarps, int ncols1, int ncols2, int DKQ, int nbatch_fa, int nbatch_K,
+    bool use_logit_softcap, bool oob_check, typename T_vec_dot>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_tile_iter_KQ(
+        T_vec_dot   * const Q_tmp,
+        const half2 * const __restrict__ K_h2,
+        T_vec_dot   * const KV_tmp,
+        const int stride_K2,
+        const int k_VKQ_0,
+        const int k_VKQ_sup,
+        const int k_KQ_0,
+        float * KQ_acc) {
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    constexpr int ncols = ncols1*ncols2;
+    constexpr int cpw   = ncols > nwarps ? ncols/nwarps : 1; // Q columns per warp
+    constexpr int np    = nwarps > ncols ? nwarps/ncols : 1; // number of parallel warps per Q column
+
+    flash_attn_tile_load_tile<warp_size, nwarps, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, cpy_ne, oob_check>
+        (K_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0)*stride_K2 + k_KQ_0/2, KV_tmp, stride_K2, k_VKQ_sup);
+    __syncthreads();
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    static_assert((nbatch_K/2) % cpy_ne == 0, "bad nbatch_K");
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < nbatch_K/2; k_KQ_1 += cpy_ne) {
+        __align__(16) half2 K_k[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size)][cpy_ne];
+        __align__(16) half2 Q_k[cpw][cpy_ne];
+#else
+    static_assert(nbatch_K % cpy_ne == 0, "bad nbatch_K");
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < nbatch_K; k_KQ_1 += cpy_ne) {
+        __align__(16) float K_k[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size)][cpy_ne];
+        __align__(16) float Q_k[cpw][cpy_ne];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_0 += np*warp_size) {
+            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&K_k[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)], &KV_tmp[i_KQ*(nbatch_K/2 + cpy_ne) + k_KQ_1]);
+#else
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&K_k[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)], &KV_tmp[i_KQ*(nbatch_K   + cpy_ne) + k_KQ_1]);
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+            const int jc = jc0 + (threadIdx.y / np)*cpw;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_k[jc0], &Q_tmp[jc*(DKQ/2) + k_KQ_0/2 + k_KQ_1]);
+#else
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_k[jc0], &Q_tmp[jc* DKQ    + k_KQ_0   + k_KQ_1]);
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_0 += np*warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int k = 0; k < cpy_ne; ++k) {
+                    ggml_cuda_mad(KQ_acc[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)*cpw + jc0], K_k[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)][k], Q_k[jc0][k]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (k_KQ_0 + nbatch_K < DKQ) {
+        __syncthreads(); // Sync not needed on last iteration.
+    }
+}
+
+// Function that performs a single iteration of the main loop over up to nbatch_fa tokens.
+template <int warp_size, int nwarps, int ncols1, int ncols2, int DKQ, int DV, int nbatch_fa, int nbatch_K,
+    bool use_logit_softcap, bool oob_check, typename T_vec_dot, typename T_KQ, typename T_acc>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void flash_attn_tile_iter(
+        T_vec_dot * const Q_tmp,
+        const half2 * const __restrict__ K_h2,
+        const half2 * const __restrict__ V_h2,
+        const half  * const __restrict__ mask,
+        const uint3 ne01,
+        const float logit_softcap,
+        const float slope,
+        T_KQ      * const KQ,
+        T_vec_dot * const KV_tmp,
+        const int stride_K2,
+        const int stride_V2,
+        const int stride_mask,
+        float * const KQ_max,
+        float * const KQ_sum,
+        T_acc * const VKQ,
+        const int k_VKQ_0,
+        const int k_VKQ_max,
+        const int col_Q_0) {
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    constexpr int ncols = ncols1*ncols2;
+    constexpr int cpw   = ncols > nwarps ? ncols/nwarps : 1; // Q columns per warp
+    constexpr int np    = nwarps > ncols ? nwarps/ncols : 1; // number of parallel warps per Q column
+
+    constexpr int DVp = (DV + 2*warp_size - 1) & ~(2*warp_size - 1); // DV padded to multiple of 2*warp_size.
+
+    // KQ_cs == KQ chunk size, number of KQ values in j direction to store as one contiguous chunk in memory.
+    // KQ is originally 2D but uses a Z-shaped 3D memory pattern like KQ[ncols/KQ_cs][DVp][KQ_cs].
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    constexpr int KQ_cs = cpw < 2*cpy_ne ? cpw : 2*cpy_ne;
+#else
+    constexpr int KQ_cs = cpw < 1*cpy_ne ? cpw : 1*cpy_ne;
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    static_assert(cpw % KQ_cs == 0, "bad KQ_cs");
+    const int k_VKQ_sup = k_VKQ_max - k_VKQ_0; // k supremum, only smaller k values have valid KV data
+
+    float KQ_max_new[cpw];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        KQ_max_new[jc0] = KQ_max[jc0];
+    }
+
+    float KQ_acc[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size) * cpw] = {0.0f}; // Accumulators for KQ matrix multiplication.
+
+    // KQ = K @ Q matrix multiplication:
+    constexpr int nbatch_K_last = DKQ % nbatch_K;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < DKQ - nbatch_K_last; k_KQ_0 += nbatch_K) {
+        flash_attn_tile_iter_KQ<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap, oob_check>(
+            Q_tmp, K_h2, KV_tmp, stride_K2, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_sup, k_KQ_0, KQ_acc);
+    }
+    if (nbatch_K_last > 0) {
+        constexpr int k_KQ_0 = DKQ - nbatch_K_last;
+        flash_attn_tile_iter_KQ<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K_last, use_logit_softcap, oob_check>(
+            Q_tmp, K_h2, KV_tmp, stride_K2, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_sup, k_KQ_0, KQ_acc);
+    }
+
+    // Apply logit softcap + mask, update KQ_max:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        const int j = fastmodulo(col_Q_0 + (jc0 + (threadIdx.y / np)*cpw)/ncols2, ne01);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_0 += np*warp_size) {
+            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
+
+#if defined(FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE) && !defined(V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE)
+            // Without the v_dot2_f32_f16 instruction there is a higher risk of numerical overflow in the KQ calculation.
+            // Therefore, scale down Q values and apply the inverse scale the FP32 KQ values afterwards again.
+            KQ_acc[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)*cpw + jc0] *= 4.0f;
+#endif // defined(FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE) && !defined(V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE)
+
+            if (use_logit_softcap) {
+                KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size))*cpw + jc0] = logit_softcap * tanhf(KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size))*cpw + jc0]);
+            }
+
+            if (!oob_check || i_KQ < k_VKQ_sup) {
+                KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size))*cpw + jc0] += (ncols2 > 1 || mask) ?
+                    slope*__half2float(mask[j*stride_mask + k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ]) : 0.0f;
+
+                KQ_max_new[jc0] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[jc0], KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size))*cpw + jc0] + FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET);
+            }
+        }
+
+        KQ_max_new[jc0] = warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(KQ_max_new[jc0]);
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (np == 1) {
+        __syncthreads();
+    } else {
+        static_assert(cpw == 1, "bad cpw");
+        __shared__ float KQ_max_new_shared[nwarps];
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            KQ_max_new_shared[threadIdx.y] = KQ_max_new[0];
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+        KQ_max_new[0] = KQ_max_new_shared[(threadIdx.y & ~(np-1)) + threadIdx.x % np];
+        KQ_max_new[0] = warp_reduce_max<np>(KQ_max_new[0]);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate KQ softmax, write to shared KQ buffer, re-scale VKQ accumulators:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; jc0 += KQ_cs) {
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        __align__(16) half  tmp[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size)][KQ_cs];
+#else
+        __align__(16) float tmp[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size)][KQ_cs];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int jc1 = 0; jc1 < KQ_cs; ++jc1) {
+            const int jc = jc0 + jc1;
+
+            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(KQ_max[jc] - KQ_max_new[jc]);
+            KQ_max[jc] = KQ_max_new[jc];
+
+            float KQ_sum_add = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += np*warp_size) {
+                const float val = !oob_check || i0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*warp_size + threadIdx.x < static_cast<uint32_t>(k_VKQ_sup) ?
+                    expf(KQ_acc[(i0/(np*warp_size))*cpw + jc] - KQ_max[jc]) : 0.0f;
+                KQ_sum_add += val;
+                tmp[i0/(np*warp_size)][jc1] = val;
+            }
+            KQ_sum[jc] = KQ_sum[jc]*KQ_max_scale + KQ_sum_add;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[jc*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += np*warp_size) {
+            const int i = i0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
+
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp[0])>(
+                KQ + (jc0/KQ_cs + (threadIdx.y / np)*(cpw/KQ_cs))*(nbatch_fa*KQ_cs) + i*KQ_cs,
+                tmp[i0/(np*warp_size)]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // VKQ = V @ KQ matrix multiplication:
+    static_assert(DV <= DKQ, "bad DV");
+    static_assert(DV % nbatch_K == 0 || (nbatch_K % 3 == 0 && DV % (nbatch_K*2/3) == 0), "bad nbatch_K");
+    constexpr int nbatch_V = (DV % nbatch_K == 0 ? nbatch_K : nbatch_K*2/3) * nbatch_fa / DV; // Number of V columns that fit in SRAM for K.
+    static_assert(nbatch_fa % nbatch_V == 0, "bad nbatch_V");
+    static_assert(nbatch_V % np == 0, "bad nbatch_V");
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_fa; k0 += nbatch_V) {
+        flash_attn_tile_load_tile<warp_size, nwarps, nbatch_V, DV, 0, oob_check>
+            (V_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + k0)*stride_V2, KV_tmp, stride_V2, k_VKQ_sup - k0);
+        __syncthreads();
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k1 = 0; k1 < nbatch_V; k1 += np) {
+            __align__(16) half2 V_k[(DVp/2)/warp_size];
+            __align__(16) half2 KQ_k[cpw];
+
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne/2 < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne/2 : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(&V_k[i0/warp_size], &KV_tmp[(k1 + threadIdx.y % np)*(DV/2) + i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D]);
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; jc_VKQ_0 += KQ_cs) {
+                const int jc_KQ = jc_VKQ_0/KQ_cs + (threadIdx.y / np)*(cpw/KQ_cs);
+
+                __align__(16) half tmp[KQ_cs];
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<KQ_cs*sizeof(half)>(
+                    &tmp, KQ + jc_KQ*(nbatch_fa*KQ_cs) + (k0 + k1 + threadIdx.y % np)*KQ_cs);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int jc_VKQ_1 = 0; jc_VKQ_1 < KQ_cs; ++jc_VKQ_1) {
+                    KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0+jc_VKQ_1] = __half2half2(tmp[jc_VKQ_1]);
+                }
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; ++jc_VKQ_0) {
+                    VKQ[jc_VKQ_0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size] += V_k[i0/warp_size]*KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k1 = 0; k1 < nbatch_V; k1 += np) {
+            __align__(16) float2 V_k[(DVp/2)/warp_size];
+            __align__(16) float  KQ_k[cpw];
+
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(&V_k[i0/(2*warp_size)], &KV_tmp[(k1 + threadIdx.y % np)*DV + i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D]);
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; jc_VKQ_0 += KQ_cs) {
+                const int jc_KQ = jc_VKQ_0/KQ_cs + (threadIdx.y / np)*(cpw/KQ_cs);
+
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<KQ_cs*sizeof(float)>(
+                    &KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0], KQ + jc_KQ*(nbatch_fa*KQ_cs) + (k0 + k1 + threadIdx.y % np)*KQ_cs);
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; ++jc_VKQ_0) {
+                    VKQ[jc_VKQ_0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x += V_k[i0/warp_size].x*KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0];
+                    VKQ[jc_VKQ_0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y += V_k[i0/warp_size].y*KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+}
+
+template<int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
+__launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2), ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_occupancy(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2))
+static __global__ void flash_attn_tile(
+        const char * __restrict__ Q,
+        const char * __restrict__ K,
+        const char * __restrict__ V,
+        const char * __restrict__ mask,
+        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
+        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
+        float      * __restrict__ dst,
+        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
+        const float scale,
+        const float max_bias,
+        const float m0,
+        const float m1,
+        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
+        const float logit_softcap,
+        const int32_t ne00, const uint3   ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
+                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
+        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
+                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
+                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
+                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33) {
+#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+
+    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
+
+    if (
+#ifdef GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
+            (ncols2 != 1 && DV != 40 && DV != 72 && DV != 512) ||
+#endif // GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
+            (use_logit_softcap && !(DV == 128 || DV == 256))
+    ) {
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+            max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                  nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                  nb11, nb12, nb13,
+                  nb21, nb22, nb23,
+                  ne31, ne32, ne33,
+                  nb31, nb32, nb33);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    static_assert(ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2) != 0, "kernel config not defined");
+
+    constexpr int ncols     = ncols1*ncols2;
+    constexpr int warp_size = 32;
+    constexpr int nwarps    = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2) / warp_size;
+    constexpr int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2);
+    constexpr int nbatch_K  = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_K (DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2);
+
+    // In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
+
+    const int col_Q_0 = blockIdx.x * ncols1; // Index of the first Q column for this CUDA block to work on.
+
+    const int sequence = blockIdx.z / (ne02/ncols2);
+    const int head0 = blockIdx.z*ncols2 - sequence*ne02; // == blockIdx.z % (ne02/ncols2)
+    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
+    const float * Q_f  = (const float *) (Q + nb03*sequence + nb02* head0);
+    const half2 * K_h2 = (const half2 *) (K + nb13*sequence + nb12*(head0 / gqa_ratio));
+    const half2 * V_h2 = (const half2 *) (V + nb23*sequence + nb22*(head0 / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
+
+    const half * maskh = mask ? (const half *) (mask + nb33*(sequence % ne33)) : nullptr;
+
+    const int stride_K2   = nb11 / sizeof(half2);
+    const int stride_V2   = nb21 / sizeof(half2);
+    const int stride_mask = nb31 / sizeof(half);
+
+    const float slope = ncols2 == 1 ? get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head0, n_head_log2, m0, m1) : 1.0f;
+
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    constexpr int cpw = ncols > nwarps ? ncols/nwarps : 1; // Q columns per warp.
+    constexpr int np  = nwarps > ncols ? nwarps/ncols : 1; // Number of parallel warps per Q column.
+    static_assert(cpw == 1 || np == 1, "bad cpw / np");
+    static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*warp_size) == 0, "nbatch_fa % (np*warp_size) != 0");
+
+    constexpr int DKQp = (DKQ + 2*warp_size - 1) & ~(2*warp_size - 1); // DKQ padded to multiple of 2*warp_size.
+    constexpr int DVp  = (DV  + 2*warp_size - 1) & ~(2*warp_size - 1); // DV  padded to multiple of 2*warp_size.
+
+    // Q_tmp == SRAM buffer to hold Q data for the entire lifetime of the kernel.
+    // KV_tmp == SRAM buffer to hold fragments of K/V data while iterating over ne11.
+    //     KV_tmp is padded to avoid memory conflicts for K (cpy_ne) and OOB accesses for V (DVp-DV).
+    // KQ == SRAM buffer to hold KQ fragments between KQ and VKQ matrix multiplications.
+    // VKQ == Accumulators in registers for the final VKQ result.
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    __shared__ half2 Q_tmp[ncols * DKQ/2];
+    __shared__ half2 KV_tmp[nbatch_fa * (nbatch_K/2 + cpy_ne) + DVp-DV];
+    __shared__ half  KQ[ncols * nbatch_fa];
+    __align__(16) half2 VKQ[cpw * ((DVp/2)/warp_size)] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+#else
+    __shared__ float Q_tmp[ncols * DKQ];
+    __shared__ float KV_tmp[nbatch_fa * (nbatch_K + cpy_ne) + DVp-DV];
+    __shared__ float KQ[ncols * nbatch_fa];
+    __align__(16) float2 VKQ[cpw * ((DVp/2)/warp_size)] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+    float KQ_max[cpw];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+        KQ_max[j0/nwarps] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
+    }
+    float KQ_sum[cpw] = {0.0f};
+
+    // Load Q data, convert to FP16 if fast:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        const int jc = jc0 + (threadIdx.y / np)*cpw;
+
+        const int j = jc / ncols2;
+        const int c = jc % ncols2;
+
+        constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DKQp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DKQp/warp_size;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DKQp; i0 += np*warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+            if (i0 + np*warp_size*cpy_ne_D <= DKQ || i0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*(warp_size*cpy_ne_D) + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D < DKQ) {
+                __align__(16) float tmp_f[cpy_ne_D] = {0.0f};
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_f)>
+                    (tmp_f, &Q_f[c*(nb02/sizeof(float)) + fastmodulo(col_Q_0 + j, ne01)*(nb01/sizeof(float))
+                                 + i0 + (threadIdx.y % np)*(warp_size*cpy_ne_D) + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                    tmp_f[i1] *= scale;
+                }
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                __align__(16) half2 tmp_h2[cpy_ne_D/2];
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; i1 += 2) {
+                    tmp_h2[i1/2] = make_half2(tmp_f[i1 + 0], tmp_f[i1 + 1]);
+#if defined(FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE) && !defined(V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE)
+                    // Without the v_dot2_f32_f16 instruction there is a higher risk of numerical overflow in the KQ calculation.
+                    // Therefore, scale down Q values and apply the inverse scale the FP32 KQ values afterwards again.
+                    tmp_h2[i1/2] *= make_half2(0.25f, 0.25f);
+#endif // defined(FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE) && !defined(V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE)
+                }
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_h2)>(
+                    &Q_tmp[jc*(DKQ/2) + i0/2 + (threadIdx.y % np)*(warp_size*cpy_ne_D/2) + threadIdx.x*(cpy_ne_D/2)],
+                    tmp_h2);
+#else
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_f)>(
+                    &Q_tmp[jc* DKQ    + i0   + (threadIdx.y % np)*(warp_size*cpy_ne_D)   + threadIdx.x* cpy_ne_D],
+                    tmp_f);
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    // Main loop over KV cache:
+    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence*gridDim.x + blockIdx.x] : ne11;
+    if (ncols2 == 1) {
+        // Branch with out-of-bounds checks.
+        int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*nbatch_fa;
+        while (k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max - nbatch_fa) {
+            constexpr bool oob_check = false;
+            flash_attn_tile_iter<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, DV, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap, oob_check>
+                (Q_tmp, K_h2, V_h2, maskh, ne01, logit_softcap, slope, KQ, KV_tmp,
+                stride_K2, stride_V2, stride_mask, KQ_max, KQ_sum, VKQ, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_max, col_Q_0);
+            k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*nbatch_fa;
+        }
+        if (k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max) {
+            constexpr bool oob_check = true;
+            flash_attn_tile_iter<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, DV, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap, oob_check>
+                (Q_tmp, K_h2, V_h2, maskh, ne01, logit_softcap, slope, KQ, KV_tmp,
+                stride_K2, stride_V2, stride_mask, KQ_max, KQ_sum, VKQ, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_max, col_Q_0);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Branch without out-of-bounds checks.
+        for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*nbatch_fa; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*nbatch_fa) {
+            constexpr bool oob_check = false;
+            flash_attn_tile_iter<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, DV, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap, oob_check>
+                (Q_tmp, K_h2, V_h2, maskh, ne01, logit_softcap, slope, KQ, KV_tmp,
+                stride_K2, stride_V2, stride_mask, KQ_max, KQ_sum, VKQ, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_max, col_Q_0);
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        KQ_sum[jc0] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(KQ_sum[jc0]);
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (np > 1) {
+        static_assert(cpw == 1, "bad cpw");
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa*nbatch_K >= nwarps*DVp, "KV_tmp too small");
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        half2 * VKQ_combine    = (half2 *) KV_tmp;
+#else
+        float * VKQ_combine    = (float *) KV_tmp;
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        float * KQ_sum_combine = (float *) Q_tmp;
+
+        if (threadIdx.y % np != 0) {
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(&VKQ_combine[threadIdx.y*(DVp/2) + i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D], &VKQ[i0/warp_size]);
+            }
+#else
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(
+                    &VKQ_combine[threadIdx.y*DVp + i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D], ((const float *) VKQ) + i0/warp_size);
+            }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+            if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+                KQ_sum_combine[threadIdx.y] = KQ_sum[0];
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int ip = 1; ip < np; ++ip) {
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                __align__(16) half2 tmp[cpy_ne_D];
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(tmp, &VKQ_combine[(threadIdx.y + ip)*(DVp/2) + i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D]);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                    VKQ[i0/warp_size + i1] += tmp[i1];
+                }
+            }
+#else
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                __align__(16) float tmp[cpy_ne_D];
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(tmp, &VKQ_combine[(threadIdx.y + ip)*DVp + i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D]);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                    ((float *)VKQ)[i0/warp_size + i1] += tmp[i1];
+                }
+            }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+            KQ_sum[0] += KQ_sum_combine[threadIdx.y + ip];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Attention sink: adjust KQ max and sum only for the first of all parallel blocks:
+    if (sinks && blockIdx.y == 0) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+            const int jc = jc0 + (threadIdx.y/np)*cpw;
+            const float sink = ((const float *) sinks)[head0 + jc % ncols2];
+
+            float KQ_max_new_j = fmaxf(KQ_max[jc0], sink);
+            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(KQ_max[jc0] - KQ_max_new_j);
+            KQ_max[jc0] = KQ_max_new_j;
+
+            const float val = expf(sink - KQ_max[jc0]);
+            KQ_sum[jc0] = KQ_sum[jc0]*KQ_max_scale + val;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write back results:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        const int jc = jc0 + (threadIdx.y/np)*cpw;
+
+        const int j = jc / ncols2;
+        const int c = jc % ncols2;
+
+        if (ncols1 > 1 && col_Q_0 + j >= int(ne01.z)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const float scale = gridDim.y == 1 ? 1.0f/KQ_sum[jc0] : 1.0f;
+
+        const int j_dst_unrolled = ((sequence*int(ne01.z) + col_Q_0 + j)*ne02 + head0 + c)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne/2 < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne/2 : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+            __align__(16) float2 tmp[cpy_ne_D];
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                tmp[i1] = __half22float2(VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size + i1]);
+                tmp[i1].x *= scale;
+                tmp[i1].y *= scale;
+            }
+            if (i0 + warp_size*cpy_ne_D <= DV/2 || i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D < DV/2) {
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp)>(&dst[j_dst_unrolled*DV + 2*i0 + threadIdx.x*(2*cpy_ne_D)], tmp);
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+            if (i0 + warp_size*cpy_ne_D <= DV || i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D < DV) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D/2; ++i1) {
+                    VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/(2*warp_size) + i1].x *= scale;
+                    VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/(2*warp_size) + i1].y *= scale;
+                }
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(
+                    &dst[j_dst_unrolled*DV + i0 + threadIdx.x*cpy_ne_D],
+                    &VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/(2*warp_size)]);
+            }
+        }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+        if (gridDim.y != 1 && threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            dst_meta[j_dst_unrolled] = make_float2(KQ_max[jc0], KQ_sum[jc0]);
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+              nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+              nb11, nb12, nb13,
+              nb21, nb22, nb23,
+              ne31, ne32, ne33,
+              nb31, nb32, nb33);
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+}
+
+template <int DKQ, int DV, int ncols2, bool use_logit_softcap>
+static void launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
+
+    const int id        = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int cc        = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
+    const int warp_size = 32;
+
+    constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+    if constexpr (DV <= 128) {
+        if (Q->ne[1] > 32/ncols2) {
+            constexpr int cols_per_block = 64;
+            const int nwarps    = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+            const int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap>;
+            launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2>
+                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false, warp_size);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+
+#ifndef GGML_USE_HIP
+    if constexpr (DV <= 256)
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+    {
+        if (Q->ne[1] > 16/ncols2) {
+            constexpr int cols_per_block = 32;
+            const int nwarps    = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+            const int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap>;
+            launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2>
+                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false, warp_size);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Q->ne[1] > 8/ncols2) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
+        const int nwarps    = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+        const int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+        fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap>;
+        launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2>
+            (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false, warp_size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (ncols2 <= 8) {
+        if (Q->ne[1] > 4/ncols2) {
+            constexpr int cols_per_block = 8;
+            const int nwarps    = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+            const int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap>;
+            launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2>
+                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false, warp_size);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (ncols2 <= 4) {
+        if (Q->ne[1] > 2/ncols2) {
+            constexpr int cols_per_block = 4;
+            const int nwarps    = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+            const int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap>;
+            launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2>
+                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false, warp_size);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (ncols2 <= 2) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_block = 2;
+        const int nwarps    = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+        const int nbatch_fa = ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+        fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap>;
+        launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2>
+            (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false, warp_size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
+template <int DKQ, int DV, bool use_logit_softcap>
+static void launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols2(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV  = dst;
+    const ggml_tensor * Q    = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * K    = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask = dst->src[3];
+
+    float max_bias = 0.0f;
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(Q->ne[2] % K->ne[2] == 0);
+    const int gqa_ratio = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
+
+    // On NVIDIA (Pascal and older) the GQA optimizations seem to be detrimental in some cases.
+    // However, for DKQ == 576, DV == 512 only the kernel variant with GQA optimizations is implemented.
+    const bool nvidia = GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc);
+    const int gqa_limit = nvidia && gqa_ratio <= 4 && DV <= 256 ? 16 : INT_MAX;
+    const bool use_gqa_opt = mask && max_bias == 0.0f && Q->ne[1] <= gqa_limit && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
+
+    if constexpr (DV == 512) {
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 16 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 16, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 4 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 4, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (DV <= 256) {
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 8 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 8, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 4 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 4, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 2 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 2, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 1, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        return;
+    }
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
+template <int DKQ, int DV>
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
+
+    float logit_softcap;
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols2<DKQ, DV, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    } else {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols2<DKQ, DV, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#define DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(DKQ, DV)                             \
+    template void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case              \
+    <DKQ, DV>(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) \
+
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 40,  40);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 64,  64);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 72,  72);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 80,  80);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 96,  96);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(112, 112);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(128, 128);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(256, 256);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(576, 512);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec-f16.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec-f16.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 35e649cb3c8..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec-f16.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,482 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-common.cuh"
-
-template<int D, int ncols, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
-#ifndef GGML_USE_HIP
-__launch_bounds__(D, 1)
-#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
-static __global__ void flash_attn_vec_ext_f16(
-        const char * __restrict__ Q,
-        const char * __restrict__ K,
-        const char * __restrict__ V,
-        const char * __restrict__ mask,
-        float      * __restrict__ dst,
-        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
-        const float scale,
-        const float max_bias,
-        const float m0,
-        const float m1,
-        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
-        const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne00,
-        const int ne01,
-        const int ne02,
-        const int ne03,
-        const int ne10,
-        const int ne11,
-        const int ne12,
-        const int ne13,
-        const int ne31,
-        const int nb31,
-        const int nb01,
-        const int nb02,
-        const int nb03,
-        const int nb11,
-        const int nb12,
-        const int nb13,
-        const int nb21,
-        const int nb22,
-        const int nb23,
-        const int ne0,
-        const int ne1,
-        const int ne2,
-        const int ne3) {
-#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(FP16_AVAILABLE)
-
-    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
-    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
-    if (ncols > 1) {
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
-
-    //In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
-
-    constexpr vec_dot_KQ_f16_t vec_dot_KQ = get_vec_dot_KQ_f16<D>(type_K);
-    constexpr bool Q_q8_1 = type_K != GGML_TYPE_F16;
-    constexpr dequantize_1_f16_t dequantize_1_v = get_dequantize_1_f16(type_V);
-
-    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
-
-    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
-    Q += nb02* blockIdx.z              + nb01*ic0;
-    K += nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio);
-    V += nb22*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio);
-
-    const half * maskh = (const half   *)  mask + ne11*ic0;
-
-    const float slopef = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, blockIdx.z, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
-    const half  slopeh = __float2half(slopef);
-
-    static_assert(D % (2*WARP_SIZE) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*WARP_SIZE == 64.");
-    constexpr int nwarps = D / WARP_SIZE;
-    const int tid = WARP_SIZE*threadIdx.y + threadIdx.x;
-    __builtin_assume(tid < D);
-
-    __shared__ half KQ[ncols*D];
-    half2 * KQ2 = (half2 *) KQ;
-
-    half kqmax[ncols];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        kqmax[j] = -HALF_MAX_HALF;
-    }
-    half kqsum[ncols] = {0.0f};
-
-    __shared__ half kqmax_shared[ncols][WARP_SIZE];
-    __shared__ half kqsum_shared[ncols][WARP_SIZE];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        if (threadIdx.y == 0) {
-            kqmax_shared[j][threadIdx.x] = -HALF_MAX_HALF;
-            kqsum_shared[j][threadIdx.x] = 0.0f;
-        }
-    }
-
-    __shared__ half maskh_shared[ncols*D];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        maskh_shared[j*D + tid] = 0.0f;
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    // Convert Q to half2 (f16 K) or q8_1 (quantized K) and store in registers:
-    half2  Q_h2[ncols][D/(2*WARP_SIZE)];
-    int   Q_i32[ncols][D/(sizeof(int)*QK8_1) == 0 ? 1 : D/(sizeof(int)*QK8_1)];
-    half2  Q_ds[ncols][D/QK8_1 == 0 ? 1 : D/QK8_1];
-    if (Q_q8_1) {
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            if (j0 + nwarps > ncols && j >= ncols) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // Reuse KQ as temporary storage for converting Q to q8_1:
-            int   * tmp_q_i32 = (int   *) &KQ[j*D];
-            half2 * tmp_q_ds  = (half2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D/sizeof(int));
-
-            // Set memory to zero if out of bounds:
-            if (ncols > 2 && ic0 + j >= ne01) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/sizeof(int); i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                    tmp_q_i32[i] = 0;
-                }
-                if (threadIdx.x < D/QK8_1) {
-                    tmp_q_ds[threadIdx.x] = make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            const float * Q_f = (const float *) (Q + j*nb01);
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/sizeof(int); i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                quantize_q8_1_to_shared<half2>(Q_f + 4*i0, scale, tmp_q_i32, tmp_q_ds);
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            int   * tmp_q_i32 = (int   *) &KQ[j*D];
-            half2 * tmp_q_ds  = (half2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D/sizeof(int));
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/sizeof(int); i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                Q_i32[j][i0/WARP_SIZE] = tmp_q_i32[i];
-                Q_ds[j][i0/WARP_SIZE]  = tmp_q_ds[i/QI8_1];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    } else {
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            const float2 * Q_f2_j = (const float2 *) (Q + j*nb01);
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                const float2 tmp = ncols <= 2 || ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f2_j[i] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-                Q_h2[j][i0/WARP_SIZE] = make_half2(scale, scale) * make_half2(tmp.x, tmp.y);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        KQ[j*D + tid] = -HALF_MAX_HALF;
-    }
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    half2 VKQ[ncols] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
-
-    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*D; k_VKQ_0 < ne11; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*D) {
-        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
-
-        if (mask) {
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-                maskh_shared[j*D + tid] = slopeh*maskh[j*ne11 + k_VKQ_0 + tid];
-            }
-
-            __syncthreads();
-
-            // When using multiple parallel sequences in llama.cpp, some KV slices can be fully masked out.
-            // In such cases, skip the KV slice.
-            // On AMD __all_sync would not work correctly because it assumes a warp size of 64.
-#ifndef GGML_USE_HIP
-            bool skip = true;
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                    const float2 tmp = __half22float2(((const half2 *) maskh_shared)[j*(D/2) + i]);
-                    skip = skip && isinf(tmp.x) && isinf(tmp.y);
-                }
-            }
-            if (__all_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, skip)) {
-                __syncthreads();
-                continue;
-            }
-#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
-        }
-
-        // For unknown reasons using a half array of size 1 for kqmax_new causes a performance regression,
-        // see https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/7061 .
-        // Therefore this variable is defined twice but only used once (so that the compiler can optimize out the unused variable).
-        half kqmax_new = kqmax[0];
-        half kqmax_new_arr[ncols];
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            kqmax_new_arr[j] = kqmax[j];
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < D; i_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            if ((i_KQ_0 + nwarps > D && i_KQ >= D) || (FATTN_KQ_STRIDE % D != 0 && k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ >= ne11)) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-                half sum = vec_dot_KQ(K + (k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ)*nb11, Q_h2[j], Q_i32[j], Q_ds[j]);
-                sum = warp_reduce_sum((float)sum);
-
-                if (use_logit_softcap) {
-                    sum = logit_softcap*tanhf(sum);
-                }
-
-                sum += maskh_shared[j*D + i_KQ];
-
-                if (ncols == 1) {
-                    kqmax_new        = ggml_cuda_hmax(kqmax_new,        sum);
-                } else {
-                    kqmax_new_arr[j] = ggml_cuda_hmax(kqmax_new_arr[j], sum);
-                }
-
-                if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-                    KQ[j*D + i_KQ] = sum;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            half kqmax_new_j = ncols == 1 ? kqmax_new : kqmax_new_arr[j];
-
-            if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-                kqmax_shared[j][threadIdx.y] = kqmax_new_j;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            half kqmax_new_j = kqmax_shared[j][threadIdx.x];
-            kqmax_new_j = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new_j);
-
-            const half KQ_max_scale = hexp(kqmax[j] - kqmax_new_j);
-            kqmax[j] = kqmax_new_j;
-
-            const half val = hexp(KQ[j*D + tid] - kqmax[j]);
-            kqsum[j] = kqsum[j]*KQ_max_scale + val;
-            KQ[j*D + tid] = val;
-
-            VKQ[j] *= __half2half2(KQ_max_scale);
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < D; k0 += 2) {
-            if (FATTN_KQ_STRIDE % D != 0 && k_VKQ_0 + k0 >= ne11) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            half2 V_k;
-            reinterpret_cast<half&>(V_k.x) = dequantize_1_v(V + (k_VKQ_0 + k0 + 0)*nb21, tid);
-            reinterpret_cast<half&>(V_k.y) = dequantize_1_v(V + (k_VKQ_0 + k0 + 1)*nb21, tid);
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-                VKQ[j] += V_k*KQ2[j*(D/2) + k0/2];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        kqsum[j] = warp_reduce_sum((float)kqsum[j]);
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            kqsum_shared[j][threadIdx.y] = kqsum[j];
-        }
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j_VKQ = 0; j_VKQ < ncols; ++j_VKQ) {
-        if (ncols > 2 && ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        kqsum[j_VKQ] = kqsum_shared[j_VKQ][threadIdx.x];
-        kqsum[j_VKQ] = warp_reduce_sum((float)kqsum[j_VKQ]);
-
-        half dst_val = (__low2half(VKQ[j_VKQ]) + __high2half(VKQ[j_VKQ]));
-        if (gridDim.y == 1) {
-            dst_val /= kqsum[j_VKQ];
-        }
-        const int j_dst = (ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
-        dst[j_dst*D*gridDim.z + D*blockIdx.z + tid] = dst_val;
-    }
-
-    if (gridDim.y != 1 && tid < ncols && (ncols <= 2 || ic0 + tid < ne01)) {
-        dst_meta[((ic0 + tid)*gridDim.z + blockIdx.z) * gridDim.y + blockIdx.y] = make_float2(kqmax[tid], kqsum[tid]);
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-    GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne00); GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne03); GGML_UNUSED(ne10); GGML_UNUSED(ne11);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13); GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb03); GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb13); GGML_UNUSED(nb21); GGML_UNUSED(nb22);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb23); GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(FP16_AVAILABLE)
-}
-
-template <int D, int cols_per_block, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V, bool use_logit_softcap>
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    constexpr int nwarps = D/WARP_SIZE;
-    fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_vec_ext_f16<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>;
-    constexpr bool need_f16_K = D != 128;
-    constexpr bool need_f16_V = D != 128 && D != 64;
-    constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-    launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>(ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, D, need_f16_K, need_f16_V, false);
-}
-
-template <int D, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V>
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
-    const ggml_tensor * Q   = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * K   = dst->src[1];
-    const ggml_tensor * V   = dst->src[2];
-
-    const int32_t precision = KQV->op_params[3];
-    GGML_ASSERT(precision == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(K->type == type_K);
-    GGML_ASSERT(V->type == type_V);
-
-    float logit_softcap;
-    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
-
-    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] == 1 || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc)) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 1;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] == 2) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 2;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] <= 4) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 4;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    constexpr int cols_per_block = 8;
-    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    } else {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    }
-}
-
-#define DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                          \
-    template void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case                     \
-    <D, type_K, type_V>(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) \
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec-f32.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec-f32.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 95396791779..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec-f32.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,472 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-common.cuh"
-
-template<int D, int ncols, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
-#ifndef GGML_USE_HIP
-__launch_bounds__(D, 1)
-#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
-static __global__ void flash_attn_vec_ext_f32(
-        const char * __restrict__ Q,
-        const char * __restrict__ K,
-        const char * __restrict__ V,
-        const char * __restrict__ mask,
-        float      * __restrict__ dst,
-        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
-        const float scale,
-        const float max_bias,
-        const float m0,
-        const float m1,
-        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
-        const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne00,
-        const int ne01,
-        const int ne02,
-        const int ne03,
-        const int ne10,
-        const int ne11,
-        const int ne12,
-        const int ne13,
-        const int ne31,
-        const int nb31,
-        const int nb01,
-        const int nb02,
-        const int nb03,
-        const int nb11,
-        const int nb12,
-        const int nb13,
-        const int nb21,
-        const int nb22,
-        const int nb23,
-        const int ne0,
-        const int ne1,
-        const int ne2,
-        const int ne3) {
-#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-
-    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
-    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
-        GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-        GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-        GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-        GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne00); GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne03); GGML_UNUSED(ne10); GGML_UNUSED(ne11);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13); GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb03); GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb13); GGML_UNUSED(nb21); GGML_UNUSED(nb22);
-        GGML_UNUSED(nb23); GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-        GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
-    if (ncols > 1) {
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
-
-    //In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
-
-    constexpr vec_dot_KQ_f32_t vec_dot_KQ = get_vec_dot_KQ_f32<D>(type_K);
-    constexpr bool Q_q8_1 = type_K != GGML_TYPE_F16;
-    constexpr dequantize_1_f32_t dequantize_1_v = get_dequantize_1_f32(type_V);
-
-    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
-
-    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
-    Q += nb02* blockIdx.z              + nb01*ic0;
-    K += nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio);
-    V += nb22*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio); // K and V have same shape
-    const half * maskh = (const half   *)  mask + ne11*ic0;
-
-    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, blockIdx.z, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
-
-    static_assert(D % (2*WARP_SIZE) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*WARP_SIZE == 64.");
-    constexpr int nwarps = D / WARP_SIZE;
-    const int tid = WARP_SIZE*threadIdx.y + threadIdx.x;
-    __builtin_assume(tid < D);
-
-    __shared__ float KQ[ncols*D];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        KQ[j*D + tid] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
-    }
-
-    float kqmax[ncols];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        kqmax[j] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
-    }
-    float kqsum[ncols] = {0.0f};
-
-    __shared__ float kqmax_shared[ncols][WARP_SIZE];
-    __shared__ float kqsum_shared[ncols][WARP_SIZE];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        if (threadIdx.y == 0) {
-            kqmax_shared[j][threadIdx.x] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
-            kqsum_shared[j][threadIdx.x] = 0.0f;
-        }
-    }
-
-    __shared__ float maskf_shared[ncols*D];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        maskf_shared[j*D + tid] = 0.0f;
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    // Convert Q to float2 (f16 K) or q8_1 (quantized K) and store in registers:
-    float2  Q_f2[ncols][D/(2*WARP_SIZE)];
-    int    Q_i32[ncols][D/(sizeof(int)*QK8_1) == 0 ? 1 : D >= D/(sizeof(int)*QK8_1)];
-    float2  Q_ds[ncols][D/QK8_1 == 0 ? 1 : D/QK8_1];
-    if (Q_q8_1) {
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            if (j0 + nwarps > ncols && j >= ncols) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // Reuse KQ as temporary storage for converting Q to q8_1:
-            int    * tmp_q_i32 = (int    *) &KQ[j*D];
-            float2 * tmp_q_ds  = (float2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D/sizeof(int));
-
-            // Set memory to zero if out of bounds:
-            if (ncols > 2 && ic0 + j >= ne01) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                    tmp_q_i32[i] = 0;
-                }
-                if (threadIdx.x < D/QK8_1) {
-                    tmp_q_ds[threadIdx.x] = make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            const float * Q_f = (const float *) (Q + j*nb01);
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                quantize_q8_1_to_shared<float2>(Q_f + 4*i0, scale, tmp_q_i32, tmp_q_ds);
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            int    * tmp_q_i32 = (int    *) &KQ[j*D];
-            float2 * tmp_q_ds  = (float2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D/sizeof(int));
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                Q_i32[j][i0/WARP_SIZE] = tmp_q_i32[i];
-                Q_ds[j][i0/WARP_SIZE]  = tmp_q_ds[i/QI8_1];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    } else {
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            const float2 * Q_f2_j = (const float2 *) (Q + j*nb01);
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                Q_f2[j][i0/WARP_SIZE]    = ncols <= 2 || ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f2_j[i] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-                Q_f2[j][i0/WARP_SIZE].x *= scale;
-                Q_f2[j][i0/WARP_SIZE].y *= scale;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    float VKQ[ncols] = {0.0f};
-
-    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*D; k_VKQ_0 < ne11; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*D) {
-        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
-
-        if (mask) {
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-                maskf_shared[j*D + tid] = slope*__half2float(maskh[j*ne11 + k_VKQ_0 + tid]);
-            }
-
-            __syncthreads();
-
-            // When using multiple parallel sequences in llama.cpp, some KV slices can be fully masked out.
-            // In such cases, skip the KV slice.
-            // On AMD __all_sync would not work correctly because it assumes a warp size of 64.
-#ifndef GGML_USE_HIP
-            bool skip = true;
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                    skip = skip && isinf(maskf_shared[j*D + i]);
-                }
-            }
-            if (__all_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, skip)) {
-                __syncthreads();
-                continue;
-            }
-#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
-        }
-
-        float kqmax_new_arr[ncols];
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            kqmax_new_arr[j] = kqmax[j];
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < D; i_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            if ((i_KQ_0 + nwarps > D && i_KQ >= D) || (FATTN_KQ_STRIDE % D != 0 && k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ >= ne11)) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-                float sum = vec_dot_KQ(K + (k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ)*nb11, Q_f2[j], Q_i32[j], Q_ds[j]);
-                sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);
-
-                if (use_logit_softcap) {
-                    sum = logit_softcap*tanhf(sum);
-                }
-
-                sum += maskf_shared[j*D + i_KQ];
-
-                kqmax_new_arr[j] = fmaxf(kqmax_new_arr[j], sum);
-
-                if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-                    KQ[j*D + i_KQ] = sum;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            float kqmax_new_j = kqmax_new_arr[j];
-
-            if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-                kqmax_shared[j][threadIdx.y] = kqmax_new_j;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-            float kqmax_new_j = kqmax_shared[j][threadIdx.x];
-            kqmax_new_j = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new_j);
-
-            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(kqmax[j] - kqmax_new_j);
-            kqmax[j] = kqmax_new_j;
-
-            const float val = expf(KQ[j*D + tid] - kqmax[j]);
-            kqsum[j] = kqsum[j]*KQ_max_scale + val;
-            KQ[j*D + tid] = val;
-
-            VKQ[j] *= KQ_max_scale;
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < D; ++k) {
-            if (FATTN_KQ_STRIDE % D != 0 && k_VKQ_0 + k >= ne11) {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            const float V_ki = dequantize_1_v(V + (k_VKQ_0 + k)*nb21, tid);
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-                VKQ[j] += V_ki*KQ[j*D + k];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
-        kqsum[j] = warp_reduce_sum(kqsum[j]);
-        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            kqsum_shared[j][threadIdx.y] = kqsum[j];
-        }
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j_VKQ = 0; j_VKQ < ncols; ++j_VKQ) {
-        if (ncols > 2 && ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        kqsum[j_VKQ] = kqsum_shared[j_VKQ][threadIdx.x];
-        kqsum[j_VKQ] = warp_reduce_sum(kqsum[j_VKQ]);
-
-        float dst_val = VKQ[j_VKQ];
-        if (gridDim.y == 1) {
-            dst_val /= kqsum[j_VKQ];
-        }
-        const int j_dst = (ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
-        dst[j_dst*D*gridDim.z + D*blockIdx.z + tid] = dst_val;
-    }
-
-    if (gridDim.y != 1 && tid < ncols && (ncols <= 2 || ic0 + tid < ne01)) {
-        dst_meta[((ic0 + tid)*gridDim.z + blockIdx.z) * gridDim.y + blockIdx.y] = make_float2(kqmax[tid], kqsum[tid]);
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-    GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap); GGML_UNUSED(ne00);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02); GGML_UNUSED(ne03); GGML_UNUSED(ne10);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne11); GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13); GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02); GGML_UNUSED(nb03);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12); GGML_UNUSED(nb13); GGML_UNUSED(nb21);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb22); GGML_UNUSED(nb23); GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-}
-
-template <int D, int cols_per_block, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V, bool use_logit_softcap>
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    constexpr int nwarps = D/WARP_SIZE;
-    fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_vec_ext_f32<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>;
-    constexpr bool need_f16_K = D != 128;
-    constexpr bool need_f16_V = D != 128 && D != 64;
-    constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-    launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>(ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, D, need_f16_K, need_f16_V, false);
-}
-
-template <int D, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V>
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
-    const ggml_tensor * Q   = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * K   = dst->src[1];
-    const ggml_tensor * V   = dst->src[2];
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(K->type == type_K);
-    GGML_ASSERT(V->type == type_V);
-
-    float logit_softcap;
-    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
-
-    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] == 1 || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc)) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 1;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] == 2) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 2;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] <= 4) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 4;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    constexpr int cols_per_block = 8;
-    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    } else {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    }
-}
-
-#define DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                          \
-    template void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case                     \
-    <D, type_K, type_V>(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) \
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7cbe32633e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-vec.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "fattn-common.cuh"
+
+static int ggml_cuda_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_host(const int cc) {
+    return 128;
+    GGML_UNUSED(cc);
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int ggml_cuda_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_device() {
+    return 128;
+}
+
+// Currently llvm with the amdgcn target does not support unrolling loops
+// that contain a break that can not be resolved at compile time.
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpass-failed"
+#endif // __clang__
+template<int D, int ncols, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
+__launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_device(), 1)
+static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_vec(
+        const char * __restrict__ Q,
+        const char * __restrict__ K,
+        const char * __restrict__ V,
+        const char * __restrict__ mask,
+        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
+        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
+        float      * __restrict__ dst,
+        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
+        const float scale,
+        const float max_bias,
+        const float m0,
+        const float m1,
+        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
+        const float logit_softcap,
+        const int32_t ne00, const uint3   ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
+                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
+        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
+                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
+                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
+                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33) {
+#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+
+    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
+    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+            max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                  nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                  nb11, nb12, nb13,
+                  nb21, nb22, nb23,
+                  ne31, ne32, ne33,
+                  nb31, nb32, nb33);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
+
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+#ifdef RDNA
+    constexpr int nthreads_KQ_q = 2;
+#else
+    constexpr int nthreads_KQ_q = 4;
+#endif // RDNA
+    constexpr int nthreads_V_q  = (D/4 < 32 ? D/4 : 32);
+#else
+    constexpr int nthreads_KQ_q = (D/4 < 32 ? D/4 : 32);
+    constexpr int nthreads_V_q  = (D/4 < 32 ? D/4 : 32);
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+
+    constexpr int nthreads    = ggml_cuda_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_device();
+    constexpr int nthreads_KQ = type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? 128 / cpy_nb : nthreads_KQ_q;
+    constexpr int nthreads_V  = type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? 128 / cpy_nb : nthreads_V_q;
+
+    static_assert(WARP_SIZE % nthreads_KQ == 0, "bad nthreads_K");
+    static_assert(WARP_SIZE % nthreads_V  == 0, "bad nthreads_V");
+
+    constexpr int V_rows_per_thread = type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? 2*cpy_ne : 4;
+    constexpr int V_cols_per_iter   = WARP_SIZE / nthreads_V;
+
+    constexpr vec_dot_KQ_t vec_dot_KQ = get_vec_dot_KQ<type_K, D, nthreads_KQ>();
+    constexpr bool Q_q8_1 = type_K != GGML_TYPE_F16;
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+    constexpr dequantize_V_t dequantize_V = get_dequantize_V<type_V, half,  V_rows_per_thread>();
+#else
+    constexpr dequantize_V_t dequantize_V = get_dequantize_V<type_V, float, V_rows_per_thread>();
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+
+    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
+
+    const int sequence = blockIdx.z / ne02;
+    const int head = blockIdx.z - sequence*ne02;
+    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
+    Q += nb03*sequence + nb02* head              + nb01*ic0;
+    K += nb13*sequence + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio);
+    V += nb23*sequence + nb22*(head / gqa_ratio);
+
+    const half * maskh  = (const half  *) (mask + nb33*(sequence % ne33) + nb31*ic0);
+
+    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    static_assert(D % (2*WARP_SIZE) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*WARP_SIZE == 64.");
+    constexpr int nwarps = nthreads / WARP_SIZE;
+    const int tid = WARP_SIZE*threadIdx.y + threadIdx.x;
+    __builtin_assume(tid < nthreads);
+
+    constexpr int ne_KQ      = ncols*D;
+    constexpr int ne_combine = nwarps*V_cols_per_iter*D;
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+    half2            VKQ[ncols][(D/2)/nthreads_V] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
+    __shared__ half   KQ[ne_KQ > ne_combine ? ne_KQ : ne_combine];
+#else
+    float2           VKQ[ncols][(D/2)/nthreads_V] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
+    __shared__ float  KQ[ne_KQ > ne_combine ? ne_KQ : ne_combine];
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+
+    float KQ_max[ncols];
+    float KQ_sum[ncols];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+        KQ_max[j] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
+        KQ_sum[j] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    // Convert Q to float2 (f16 K) or q8_1 (quantized K) and store in registers:
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+    half2  Q_reg[ncols][(D/2)/nthreads_KQ]; // Will be initialized completely.
+#else
+    __align__(16) float2 Q_reg[ncols][(D/2)/nthreads_KQ] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}}; // May be only partially initialized.
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+    int    Q_i32[ncols][1 > D/(sizeof(int)*nthreads_KQ) ? 1 : D/(sizeof(int)*nthreads_KQ)];
+    float2  Q_ds[ncols][1 > D/(sizeof(int)*nthreads_KQ) ? 1 : D/(sizeof(int)*nthreads_KQ)];
+    if constexpr (Q_q8_1) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+            if (j0 + nwarps > ncols && j >= ncols) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Reuse KQ as temporary storage for converting Q to q8_1:
+            int    * tmp_q_i32 = (int    *) &KQ[j*D];
+            float2 * tmp_q_ds  = (float2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D/sizeof(int));
+
+            // Set memory to zero if out of bounds:
+            if (ncols > 1 && ic0 + j >= int(ne01.z)) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
+
+                    if (i0 + WARP_SIZE <= int(D/sizeof(int)) || i < int(D/sizeof(int))) {
+                        tmp_q_i32[i] = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (threadIdx.x < D/QK8_1) {
+                    tmp_q_ds[threadIdx.x] = make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                }
+            } else {
+                const float * Q_f = (const float *) (Q + j*nb01);
+                constexpr int nthreads_quantize = D/sizeof(int) < WARP_SIZE ? D/sizeof(int) : WARP_SIZE;
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += nthreads_quantize) {
+                    quantize_q8_1_to_shared<float2, nthreads_quantize>
+                        (Q_f + i0*sizeof(int), scale, tmp_q_i32 + i0, tmp_q_ds + i0/QI8_1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            int    * tmp_q_i32 = (int    *) &KQ[j*D];
+            float2 * tmp_q_ds  = (float2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D/sizeof(int));
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += nthreads_KQ) {
+                const int i = i0 + (nthreads_KQ == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_KQ);
+
+                Q_i32[j][i0/nthreads_KQ] = tmp_q_i32[i];
+                Q_ds[j][i0/nthreads_KQ]  = tmp_q_ds[i/QI8_1];
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+    } else {
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+        const half2 scale_h2 = make_half2(scale, scale);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            const float2 * Q_j = (const float2 *) (Q + j*nb01);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += nthreads_KQ*cpy_ne) {
+                const int i = i0 + (nthreads_KQ == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_KQ)*cpy_ne;
+
+                __align__(16) float2 tmp[cpy_ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+                if (ncols == 1 || ic0 + j < int(ne01.z)) {
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(tmp,            &Q_j[i]);
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(tmp + cpy_ne/2, &Q_j[i + cpy_ne/2]);
+                }
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne; ++i1) {
+                    Q_reg[j][i0/nthreads_KQ + i1] = make_half2(tmp[i1].x, tmp[i1].y);
+                }
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k = 0; k < (D/2)/nthreads_KQ; ++k) {
+                Q_reg[j][k] *= scale_h2;
+            }
+        }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            const float2 * Q_j = (const float2 *) (Q + j*nb01);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += nthreads_KQ*cpy_ne) {
+                const int i = i0 + (nthreads_KQ == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_KQ)*cpy_ne;
+                if (ncols == 1 || ic0 + j < int(ne01.z)) {
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_reg[j][i0/nthreads_KQ],            &Q_j[i]);
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_reg[j][i0/nthreads_KQ + cpy_ne/2], &Q_j[i + cpy_ne/2]);
+                }
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k = 0; k < (D/2)/nthreads_KQ; ++k) {
+                Q_reg[j][k].x *= scale;
+                Q_reg[j][k].y *= scale;
+            }
+        }
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence*gridDim.x + blockIdx.x] : ne11;
+    K     += blockIdx.y*nthreads * nb11;
+    V     += blockIdx.y*nthreads * nb21;
+    maskh += blockIdx.y*nthreads;
+    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*nthreads; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*nthreads,
+             // Increment pointers after each loop:
+             K += gridDim.y*nthreads*nb11, V += gridDim.y*nthreads*nb21, maskh += gridDim.y*nthreads) {
+
+        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
+        float KQ_reg[ncols]; // KQ in registers.
+
+        float KQ_max_new[ncols];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            KQ_max_new[j] = KQ_max[j];
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nthreads_KQ; ++i_KQ_0) {
+            const int i_KQ = threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + (nthreads_KQ == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : (threadIdx.x & ~(nthreads_KQ-1))) + i_KQ_0;
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                float sum = vec_dot_KQ(K + i_KQ*nb11, Q_reg[j], Q_i32[j], Q_ds[j]);
+                sum = warp_reduce_sum<nthreads_KQ>(sum);
+
+                if (use_logit_softcap) {
+                    sum = logit_softcap*tanhf(sum);
+                }
+
+                if (mask && (ncols == 1 || ic0 + j < int(ne01.z))) {
+                    sum += slope*__half2float(maskh[j*ne11 + i_KQ]);
+                }
+
+                KQ_max_new[j] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[j], sum + FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET);
+
+                if ((nthreads_KQ == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_KQ) == uint32_t(i_KQ_0)) {
+                    KQ_reg[j] = sum;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int offset = nthreads_KQ; offset < WARP_SIZE; offset <<= 1) {
+                KQ_max_new[j] = fmaxf(KQ_max_new[j], __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, KQ_max_new[j], offset, WARP_SIZE));
+            }
+            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(KQ_max[j] - KQ_max_new[j]);
+            KQ_max[j] = KQ_max_new[j];
+
+            KQ_reg[j] = expf(KQ_reg[j] - KQ_max[j]);
+            KQ_sum[j] = KQ_sum[j]*KQ_max_scale + KQ_reg[j];
+            KQ[j*nthreads + tid] = KQ_reg[j];
+
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].x *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].y *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+
+#ifndef GGML_USE_HIP
+        __syncwarp();
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < WARP_SIZE; k0 += V_cols_per_iter) {
+            const int k = threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + k0 + (nthreads_V == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / nthreads_V);
+
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+            half2 KQ_k[ncols];
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                KQ_k[j] = __half2half2(KQ[j*nthreads + k]);
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+                half2 tmp[V_rows_per_thread/2];
+                dequantize_V(V + k*nb21, tmp,
+                    2*i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_V)*V_rows_per_thread);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i_VKQ_1 = 0; i_VKQ_1 < V_rows_per_thread/2; ++i_VKQ_1) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                        VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + i_VKQ_1] += tmp[i_VKQ_1]*KQ_k[j];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#else
+            float KQ_k[ncols];
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                KQ_k[j] = KQ[j*nthreads + k];
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+                float2 tmp[V_rows_per_thread/2];
+                dequantize_V(V + k*nb21, tmp,
+                    2*i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_V)*V_rows_per_thread);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i_VKQ_1 = 0; i_VKQ_1 < V_rows_per_thread/2; ++i_VKQ_1) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                        VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + i_VKQ_1].x += tmp[i_VKQ_1].x*KQ_k[j];
+                        VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + i_VKQ_1].y += tmp[i_VKQ_1].y*KQ_k[j];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (sinks && blockIdx.y == 0) {
+        const float sink = ((const float *) sinks)[head];
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+            if (j0 + nwarps > ncols && j >= ncols) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            const float kqmax_new_j = fmaxf(sink, KQ_max[j]);
+            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(KQ_max[j] - kqmax_new_j);
+            KQ_max[j] = kqmax_new_j;
+
+            KQ_sum[j] = KQ_sum[j]*KQ_max_scale + (threadIdx.x == 0 ? expf(sink - KQ_max[j]) : 0.0f);
+
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].x *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].y *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+    }
+
+    __shared__ float KQ_max_shared[ncols][WARP_SIZE];
+    __shared__ float KQ_sum_shared[ncols][WARP_SIZE];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+        if (threadIdx.y == 0) {
+            KQ_max_shared[j][threadIdx.x] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
+            KQ_sum_shared[j][threadIdx.x] = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            KQ_max_shared[j][threadIdx.y] = KQ_max[j];
+        }
+    }
+    __syncthreads();
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j_VKQ = 0; j_VKQ < ncols; ++j_VKQ) {
+        if (ncols > 1 && ic0 + j_VKQ >= int(ne01.z)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        float kqmax_new = KQ_max_shared[j_VKQ][threadIdx.x];
+        kqmax_new = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new);
+        const float kqmax_scale = expf(KQ_max[j_VKQ] - kqmax_new);
+        KQ_max[j_VKQ] = kqmax_new;
+
+#ifdef V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+        half2 * VKQ_tmp = (half2 *) KQ + threadIdx.y*(V_cols_per_iter*D/2)
+            + (nthreads_V == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / nthreads_V)*(D/2);
+
+        const half2 kqmax_scale_h2 = make_half2(kqmax_scale, kqmax_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+            VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V] *= kqmax_scale_h2;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+            const int i_VKQ = i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_V)*(V_rows_per_thread/2);
+
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<V_rows_per_thread*sizeof(half)>(VKQ_tmp + i_VKQ, &VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V]);
+        }
+#else
+        float2 * VKQ_tmp = (float2 *) KQ + threadIdx.y*(V_cols_per_iter*D/2)
+            + (nthreads_V == WARP_SIZE ? 0 : threadIdx.x / nthreads_V)*(D/2);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+            VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].x *= kqmax_scale;
+            VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].y *= kqmax_scale;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+            const int i_VKQ = i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == WARP_SIZE ? threadIdx.x : threadIdx.x % nthreads_V)*(V_rows_per_thread/2);
+
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<V_rows_per_thread/2*sizeof(float)>(VKQ_tmp + i_VKQ,                       &VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V]);
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<V_rows_per_thread/2*sizeof(float)>(VKQ_tmp + i_VKQ + V_rows_per_thread/4, &VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + V_rows_per_thread/4]);
+        }
+#endif // V_DOT2_F32_F16_AVAILABLE
+
+        KQ_sum[j_VKQ] *= kqmax_scale;
+        KQ_sum[j_VKQ] = warp_reduce_sum(KQ_sum[j_VKQ]);
+        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            KQ_sum_shared[j_VKQ][threadIdx.y] = KQ_sum[j_VKQ];
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        if (nthreads <= D || tid < D) {
+            KQ_sum[j_VKQ] = KQ_sum_shared[j_VKQ][threadIdx.x];
+            KQ_sum[j_VKQ] = warp_reduce_sum(KQ_sum[j_VKQ]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D; i0 += nthreads) {
+                float dst_val = 0;
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int w = 0; w < nwarps; ++w) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int v = 0; v < V_cols_per_iter; ++v) {
+                        dst_val += float(KQ[w*V_cols_per_iter*D + v*D + i0 + tid]);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (gridDim.y == 1) {
+                    dst_val /= KQ_sum[j_VKQ];
+                }
+                dst[(((sequence*int(ne01.z) + ic0 + j_VKQ)*ne02 + head)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y)*D + i0 + tid] = dst_val;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (j_VKQ < ncols-1) {
+            __syncthreads();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    if (gridDim.y != 1 && tid < ncols && (ncols == 1 || ic0 + tid < int(ne01.z))) {
+        dst_meta[((sequence*int(ne01.z) + ic0 + tid)*ne02 + head)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y] = make_float2(KQ_max[tid], KQ_sum[tid]);
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+              nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+              nb11, nb12, nb13,
+              nb21, nb22, nb23,
+              ne31, ne32, ne33,
+              nb31, nb32, nb33);
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+}
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif // __clang__
+
+template <int D, int cols_per_block, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V, bool use_logit_softcap>
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
+
+    const int nthreads = ggml_cuda_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_host(cc);
+    const int nwarps   = nthreads / WARP_SIZE;
+    fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_ext_vec<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>;
+    const bool need_f16_K = type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+    const bool need_f16_V = type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+    constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
+    launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>(ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, D, need_f16_K, need_f16_V, false);
+}
+
+template <int D, ggml_type type_K, ggml_type type_V>
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
+    const ggml_tensor * Q   = dst->src[0];
+
+    float logit_softcap;
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (Q->ne[1] == 1) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_block = 1;
+        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
+            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        } else {
+            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    constexpr int cols_per_block = 2;
+    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
+        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    } else {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
+        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+#define DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                              \
+    template void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case                         \
+    <D, type_K, type_V>(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) \
+
+#define EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(D, type_K)             \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_F16);  \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0); \
+
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cu
index c5668adb152..f19defbff93 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cu
@@ -6,16 +6,19 @@
 #include "fattn-common.cuh"
 #include "fattn-wmma-f16.cuh"
 
-#ifdef FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
+#ifdef GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 #include <mma.h>
+#if defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+namespace wmma = mtmusa::wmma;
+#else // GGML_USE_MUSA
 namespace wmma = nvcuda::wmma;
-#elif defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && defined(FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE)
-#undef HIP_ENABLE_WARP_SYNC_BUILTINS // conflicts with rocWMMA headers
+#endif // GGML_USE_MUSA
+#elif defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 #include <rocwmma/rocwmma.hpp>
 namespace wmma = rocwmma;
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
-#endif // FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+#endif // GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
 
 // D == head size, VKQ_stride == num VKQ rows calculated in parallel:
 template<int D, int ncols, int nwarps, int VKQ_stride, typename KQ_acc_t, bool use_logit_softcap>
@@ -25,6 +28,8 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
         const char * __restrict__ K,
         const char * __restrict__ V,
         const char * __restrict__ mask,
+        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
+        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
         float      * __restrict__ dst,
         float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
         const float scale,
@@ -33,30 +38,14 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
         const float m1,
         const uint32_t n_head_log2,
         const float logit_softcap,
-        const int ne00,
-        const int ne01,
-        const int ne02,
-        const int ne03,
-        const int ne10,
-        const int ne11,
-        const int ne12,
-        const int ne13,
-        const int ne31,
-        const int nb31,
-        const int nb01,
-        const int nb02,
-        const int nb03,
-        const int nb11,
-        const int nb12,
-        const int nb13,
-        const int nb21,
-        const int nb22,
-        const int nb23,
-        const int ne0,
-        const int ne1,
-        const int ne2,
-        const int ne3) {
-#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && (__CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA || (defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && defined(FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE)))
+        const int32_t ne00, const uint3   ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
+                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
+        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
+                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
+                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
+                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33) {
+#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && (defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && defined(GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN))
     // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
     if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
@@ -74,11 +63,19 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
     constexpr int frag_m = ncols == 8 ? 32 : 16;
     constexpr int frag_n = ncols == 8 ?  8 : 16;
     static_assert(D % frag_m == 0, "If ncols == 8 then D % frag_m must be 0.");
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 60500000
+    typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_a,    frag_m, frag_n, 16, _Float16, wmma::row_major> frag_a_K;
+    typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_a,    frag_m, frag_n, 16, _Float16, wmma::col_major> frag_a_V;
+    typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_b,    frag_m, frag_n, 16, _Float16, wmma::col_major> frag_b;
+    typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::accumulator, frag_m, frag_n, 16, KQ_acc_t>                      frag_c_KQ;
+    typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::accumulator, frag_m, frag_n, 16, _Float16>                          frag_c_VKQ;
+#else
     typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_a,    frag_m, frag_n, 16, half, wmma::row_major> frag_a_K;
     typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_a,    frag_m, frag_n, 16, half, wmma::col_major> frag_a_V;
     typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_b,    frag_m, frag_n, 16, half, wmma::col_major> frag_b;
     typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::accumulator, frag_m, frag_n, 16, KQ_acc_t>                      frag_c_KQ;
     typedef wmma::fragment<wmma::accumulator, frag_m, frag_n, 16, half>                          frag_c_VKQ;
+#endif
 
     constexpr int KQ_stride_tc  = nwarps*frag_m; // Number of KQ rows calculated in parallel.
     constexpr int VKQ_ratio = KQ_stride_tc/VKQ_stride; // Number of parallel VKQ accumulators needed to keep all warps busy.
@@ -89,17 +86,20 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
     constexpr int kqs_padded = FATTN_KQ_STRIDE + 8;
     constexpr int kqar = sizeof(KQ_acc_t)/sizeof(half);
 
+    const int sequence = blockIdx.z / ne02;
+    const int head = blockIdx.z - sequence*ne02;
     const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
-    const float * Q_f   = (const float *) (Q + nb02* blockIdx.z              + nb01*ic0);
-    const half  * K_h   = (const half  *) (K + nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio));
-    const half  * V_h   = (const half  *) (V + nb12*(blockIdx.z / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
-    const half  * maskh = (const half  *)  mask + (nb31/sizeof(half))* ic0;
-    const half2 * mask2 = (const half2 *)  mask + (nb31/sizeof(half))*(ic0/2);
+    const float * Q_f    = (const float *) (Q    + nb03* sequence         + nb02* head              + nb01*ic0);
+    const half  * K_h    = (const half  *) (K    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio));
+    const half  * V_h    = (const half  *) (V    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
+    const half  * maskh  = (const half  *) (mask + nb33*(sequence % ne33)                           + nb31*ic0);
+    const half2 * mask2  = (const half2 *)  maskh;
+    const float * sinksf = (const float *) sinks;
 
     const int stride_Q  = nb01 / sizeof(float);
     const int stride_KV = nb11 / sizeof(half);
 
-    const float slopef = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, blockIdx.z, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+    const float slopef = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
     const half  slopeh = __float2half(slopef);
     const half2 slope2 = make_half2(slopef, slopef);
 
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
 
     __shared__ half VKQ[ncols*D_padded]; // Accumulator for final VKQ slice.
     half2 * VKQ2 = (half2 *) VKQ;
+
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 60500000
+    const _Float16 * K_h_f16  = reinterpret_cast<const _Float16 *>(K_h);
+    const _Float16 * V_h_f16  = reinterpret_cast<const _Float16 *>(V_h);
+    _Float16       * KQ_f16   = reinterpret_cast<_Float16 *>(KQ);
+    _Float16       * VKQ_f16  = reinterpret_cast<_Float16 *>(VKQ);
+#else
+    const half * K_h_f16  = K_h;
+    const half * V_h_f16  = V_h;
+    half       * KQ_f16   = KQ;
+    half       * VKQ_f16  = VKQ;
+#endif
+
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
         const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
@@ -157,7 +170,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
             if (i0 + warp_size > D && i >= D) {
                 break;
             }
-            KQ[j*D_padded + i] = ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f[j*stride_Q + i] * scale : 0.0f;
+            KQ[j*D_padded + i] = ic0 + j < int(ne01.z) ? Q_f[j*stride_Q + i] * scale : 0.0f;
         }
     }
 
@@ -168,14 +181,15 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
     for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D; i0 += 16) {
 #pragma unroll
         for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += frag_n) {
-            wmma::load_matrix_sync(Q_b[i0/16][j0/frag_n], KQ + j0*D_padded + i0, D_padded);
+            wmma::load_matrix_sync(Q_b[i0/16][j0/frag_n], KQ_f16 + j0*D_padded + i0, D_padded);
         }
     }
 
     __syncthreads();
 
     // Iterate over ne11 == previous tokens:
-    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE; k_VKQ_0 < ne11; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE) {
+    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence*gridDim.x + blockIdx.x] : ne11;
+    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE) {
         // Calculate tile of KQ:
 #pragma unroll
         for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE; i_KQ_0 += KQ_stride_tc) {
@@ -187,7 +201,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
 #pragma unroll
             for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D; k_KQ_0 += 16) {
                 frag_a_K K_a;
-                wmma::load_matrix_sync(K_a, K_h + (k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ_0 + frag_m*threadIdx.y)*stride_KV + k_KQ_0, stride_KV);
+                wmma::load_matrix_sync(K_a, K_h_f16 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ_0 + frag_m*threadIdx.y)*stride_KV + k_KQ_0, stride_KV);
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int j = 0; j < ncols/frag_n; ++j) {
                     wmma::mma_sync(KQ_c[j], K_a, Q_b[k_KQ_0/16][j], KQ_c[j]);
@@ -225,8 +239,9 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
                 for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE; k0 += warp_size) {
                     const int k = k0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                    KQ_f_tmp[k0/warp_size] += mask ? __half2float(slopeh*maskh[j*(nb31/sizeof(half)) + k_VKQ_0 + k]) : 0.0f;
-                    KQ_max_new = max(KQ_max_new, KQ_f_tmp[k0/warp_size]);
+                    KQ_f_tmp[k0/warp_size] += mask && ic0 + j < int(ne01.z) ?
+                        __half2float(slopeh*maskh[j*(nb31/sizeof(half)) + k_VKQ_0 + k]) : 0.0f;
+                    KQ_max_new = max(KQ_max_new, KQ_f_tmp[k0/warp_size] + FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET);
                 }
                 KQ_max_new = warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(KQ_max_new);
 
@@ -277,7 +292,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
                 for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE/2; k0 += warp_size) {
                     const int k = k0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                    KQ2_tmp[k0/warp_size] += mask ? slope2*mask2[(j*ne11 + k_VKQ_0)/2 + k] : make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                    KQ2_tmp[k0/warp_size] += mask && ic0 + j < int(ne01.z) ? slope2*mask2[(j*ne11 + k_VKQ_0)/2 + k] : make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
                     KQ_max_new = ggml_cuda_hmax2(KQ_max_new, KQ2_tmp[k0/warp_size]);
                 }
                 KQ_max_new = __half2half2(warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(ggml_cuda_hmax(__low2half(KQ_max_new), __high2half(KQ_max_new))));
@@ -316,7 +331,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
                 const int k = k0 + (threadIdx.y % VKQ_ratio)*16;
                 wmma::load_matrix_sync(
                     KQ_b[k0/(VKQ_ratio*16)][j0/frag_n],
-                    KQ + j0*(kqar*kqs_padded) + k,
+                    KQ_f16 + j0*(kqar*kqs_padded) + k,
                     kqar*kqs_padded);
             }
         }
@@ -334,7 +349,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
                 const int k = k0 + (threadIdx.y % VKQ_ratio)*16;
 
                 frag_a_V v_a;
-                wmma::load_matrix_sync(v_a, V_h + (k_VKQ_0 + k)*stride_KV + i_VKQ_0 + frag_m*(threadIdx.y/VKQ_ratio), stride_KV);
+                wmma::load_matrix_sync(v_a, V_h_f16 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + k)*stride_KV + i_VKQ_0 + frag_m*(threadIdx.y/VKQ_ratio), stride_KV);
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int j = 0; j < ncols/frag_n; ++j) {
                     wmma::mma_sync(VKQ_c[i_VKQ_0/VKQ_stride][j], v_a, KQ_b[k0/(VKQ_ratio*16)][j], VKQ_c[i_VKQ_0/VKQ_stride][j]);
@@ -350,7 +365,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
 #pragma unroll
             for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += frag_n) {
                 wmma::store_matrix_sync(
-                    KQ + offset_k + j0*D_padded + i_KQ_0 + frag_m*(threadIdx.y/VKQ_ratio),
+                    KQ_f16 + offset_k + j0*D_padded + i_KQ_0 + frag_m*(threadIdx.y/VKQ_ratio),
                     VKQ_c[i_KQ_0/VKQ_stride][j0/frag_n],
                     D_padded, wmma::mem_col_major);
             }
@@ -388,13 +403,59 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
         __syncthreads();
     }
 
+    // Apply attention sinks
+    if (sinksf && blockIdx.y == 0) {
+        const float sinkf = sinksf[head];
+        const half  sinkh = __float2half(sinkf);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+            if (std::is_same<KQ_acc_t, float>::value) {
+                float kqmax_new = fmaxf(KQ_max_f[j0/nwarps], sinkf);
+
+                const float KQ_max_scale = expf(KQ_max_f[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new);
+                KQ_max_f[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new;
+
+                KQ_rowsum_f[j0/nwarps] = KQ_rowsum_f[j0/nwarps] * KQ_max_scale + expf(sinkf - KQ_max_f[j0/nwarps]);
+
+                const half2 scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
+                    if (i0 + warp_size > D/2 && i >= D/2) break;
+                    VKQ2[j*(D_padded/2) + i] *= scale_h2;
+                }
+            } else {
+                half kqmax_old = __low2half(KQ_max_h2[j0/nwarps]);
+                half kqmax_new = fmaxf(kqmax_old, sinkh);
+                KQ_max_h2[j0/nwarps] = __half2half2(kqmax_new);
+
+                const half  KQ_max_scale_h = hexp(kqmax_old - kqmax_new);
+                const half2 KQ_max_scale   = __half2half2(KQ_max_scale_h);
+
+                KQ_rowsum_h2[j0/nwarps] = KQ_rowsum_h2[j0/nwarps] * KQ_max_scale;
+                const half val = hexp(sinkh - kqmax_new);
+                KQ_rowsum_h2[j0/nwarps].x = __hadd(KQ_rowsum_h2[j0/nwarps].x, val);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
+                    if (i0 + warp_size > D/2 && i >= D/2) break;
+                    VKQ2[j*(D_padded/2) + i] *= KQ_max_scale;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
         const int j_VKQ = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-        if (ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
+        if (ic0 + j_VKQ >= int(ne01.z)) {
             return;
         }
-        const int j_dst = (ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
 
         float KQ_rowsum_j;
         if (std::is_same<KQ_acc_t, float>::value) {
@@ -403,6 +464,8 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
             KQ_rowsum_j = __low2float(KQ_rowsum_h2[j0/nwarps]) + __high2float(KQ_rowsum_h2[j0/nwarps]);
         }
 
+        const int j_dst_unrolled = ((sequence*int(ne01.z) + ic0 + j_VKQ)*ne02 + head)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
+
 #pragma unroll
         for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D; i0 += warp_size) {
             const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
@@ -413,7 +476,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
             if (gridDim.y == 1) {
                 dst_val /= KQ_rowsum_j;
             }
-            dst[j_dst*gridDim.z*D + blockIdx.z*D + i] = dst_val;
+            dst[j_dst_unrolled*D + i] = dst_val;
         }
 
         if (gridDim.y == 1 || threadIdx.x != 0) {
@@ -427,21 +490,20 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_ext_f16(
             dst_meta_val.x = __low2float(KQ_max_h2[j0/nwarps]);
         }
         dst_meta_val.y = KQ_rowsum_j;
-        dst_meta[((ic0 + j_VKQ)*gridDim.z + blockIdx.z) * gridDim.y + blockIdx.y] = dst_meta_val;
+        dst_meta[j_dst_unrolled] = dst_meta_val;
     }
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(Q); GGML_UNUSED(K); GGML_UNUSED(V); GGML_UNUSED(mask);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst); GGML_UNUSED(dst_meta); GGML_UNUSED(scale);
-    GGML_UNUSED(max_bias); GGML_UNUSED(m0); GGML_UNUSED(m1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(n_head_log2); GGML_UNUSED(logit_softcap);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne00); GGML_UNUSED(ne01); GGML_UNUSED(ne02); GGML_UNUSED(ne03);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne10); GGML_UNUSED(ne11); GGML_UNUSED(ne12); GGML_UNUSED(ne13);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne31); GGML_UNUSED(nb31); GGML_UNUSED(nb01); GGML_UNUSED(nb02);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb03); GGML_UNUSED(nb11); GGML_UNUSED(nb12); GGML_UNUSED(nb13);
-    GGML_UNUSED(nb21); GGML_UNUSED(nb22); GGML_UNUSED(nb23);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ne0); GGML_UNUSED(ne1); GGML_UNUSED(ne2); GGML_UNUSED(ne3);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+              nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+              nb11, nb12, nb13,
+              nb21, nb22, nb23,
+              ne31, ne32, ne33,
+              nb31, nb32, nb33);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && (__CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA || (defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && defined(FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE)))
+#endif // defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && (defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && defined(GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN))
 }
 
 constexpr int get_max_power_of_2(int x) {
@@ -555,7 +617,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_wmma_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_ten
         return;
     }
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     if (Q->ne[1] <= 8 && Q->ne[0] % warp_size == 0) {
         constexpr int cols_per_block = 8;
         switch (Q->ne[0]) {
@@ -577,7 +639,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_wmma_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_ten
         }
         return;
     }
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 
     if (Q->ne[1] <= 32) {
         constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cuh
index beeea95eb1d..aaf711a618c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma-f16.cuh
@@ -1,3 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
 #include "common.cuh"
 
+#if defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#define GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+
+#if defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
+#if defined(CDNA) && (ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR < 2 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_MINOR > 0 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_PATCH > 0)
+#define GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
+#elif defined(CDNA)
+#warning "rocwmma fattn on CDNA is broken on rocwmma v2.0.0, expect degraded performance"
+#endif // defined(CDNA) && (ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR < 2 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_MINOR > 0 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_PATCH > 0)
+#if defined(RDNA3)
+#define GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
+#endif // defined(RDNA3)
+#if defined(RDNA4) && ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR > 1
+#define GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
+#elif defined(RDNA4)
+#warning "rocwmma fattn is not supported on RDNA4 on rocwmma < v2.0.0, expect degraded performance"
+#endif // defined(RDNA4) && ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR > 1
+#endif // defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
+
+// WMMA flash attention requires FP16 matrix instructions to be available for ggml code.
+static bool ggml_cuda_should_use_wmma_fattn(const int cc) {
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
+    return false;
+#else
+    if ((GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA) ||
+        GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc)) {
+        return true;
+    } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)){
+#if defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && (ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR < 2 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_MINOR > 0 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_PATCH > 0)
+        return true;
+#else
+        return false;
+#endif // defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) (ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR < 2 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_MINOR > 0 || ROCWMMA_VERSION_PATCH > 0)
+    } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)) {
+#if defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR > 1
+        return true;
+#else
+        return false;
+#endif // defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN) && ROCWMMA_VERSION_MAJOR > 1
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_wmma_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu
index 6bc0096cc65..85c177f496f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 #include "fattn-common.cuh"
 #include "fattn-mma-f16.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f16.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f32.cuh"
-#include "fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-#include "fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
+#include "fattn-tile.cuh"
+#include "fattn-vec.cuh"
 #include "fattn-wmma-f16.cuh"
 #include "fattn.cuh"
 
@@ -14,18 +12,20 @@ static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1(ggml_backend_cuda_con
     const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
 
     if constexpr (ncols2 <= 8) {
-        if (Q->ne[1] <= 8/ncols2) {
+        if (turing_mma_available(cc) && Q->ne[1] <= 8/ncols2) {
             ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_case<DKQ, DV, 8/ncols2, ncols2>(ctx, dst);
             return;
         }
     }
 
-    if (Q->ne[1] <= 16/ncols2) {
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_case<DKQ, DV, 16/ncols2, ncols2>(ctx, dst);
-        return;
+    if constexpr (ncols2 <= 16) {
+        if ((turing_mma_available(cc) || amd_wmma_available(cc)) && Q->ne[1] <= 16/ncols2) {
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_case<DKQ, DV, 16/ncols2, ncols2>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
-    if (ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING || Q->ne[1] <= 32/ncols2) {
+    if (ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING || amd_wmma_available(cc) || Q->ne[1] <= 32/ncols2) {
         ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_case<DKQ, DV, 32/ncols2, ncols2>(ctx, dst);
         return;
     }
@@ -35,30 +35,66 @@ static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1(ggml_backend_cuda_con
 
 template <int DKQ, int DV>
 static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols2(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
     const ggml_tensor * KQV  = dst;
     const ggml_tensor * Q    = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * K    = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * V    = dst->src[2];
     const ggml_tensor * mask = dst->src[3];
 
     float max_bias = 0.0f;
     memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    const bool use_gqa_opt = mask && max_bias == 0.0f;
+    // Edge cases like no mask, ALiBi, unpadded K/V, or misaligned addresses for large data transfers
+    //     are put into the template specialization without GQA optimizations.
+    bool use_gqa_opt = mask && max_bias == 0.0f && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
+    for (const ggml_tensor * t : {Q, K, V, mask}) {
+        if (t == nullptr || ggml_is_quantized(t->type)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+            if (t->nb[i] % 16 != 0) {
+                use_gqa_opt = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     GGML_ASSERT(Q->ne[2] % K->ne[2] == 0);
     const int gqa_ratio = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
 
-    if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 8 == 0) {
+    // On Volta the GQA optimizations aren't as impactful vs. minimizing wasted compute:
+    if (cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA) {
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 8 == 0) {
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 8>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 4 == 0) {
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 4>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 2 == 0) {
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 2>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 1>(ctx, dst);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio > 4) {
         ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 8>(ctx, dst);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 4 == 0) {
+    if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio > 2) {
         ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 4>(ctx, dst);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 2 == 0) {
+    if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio > 1) {
         ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 2>(ctx, dst);
         return;
     }
@@ -67,6 +103,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols2(ggml_backend_cuda_con
 }
 
 static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
     const ggml_tensor * KQV  = dst;
     const ggml_tensor * Q    = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * K    = dst->src[1];
@@ -109,8 +146,50 @@ static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, gg
 
             GGML_ASSERT(Q->ne[2] % K->ne[2] == 0);
             const int gqa_ratio = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
-            GGML_ASSERT(gqa_ratio % 16 == 0);
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 16>(ctx, dst);
+            if (gqa_ratio == 20) { // GLM 4.7 Flash
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_DGX_SPARK) {
+                    if (Q->ne[1] <= 8) {
+                        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 16>(ctx, dst);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 4>(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_BLACKWELL) {
+                    if (Q->ne[1] <= 4 && K->ne[1] >= 65536) {
+                        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 16>(ctx, dst);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 4>(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE) {
+                    if (Q->ne[1] <= 4) {
+                        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 16>(ctx, dst);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 4>(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING) {
+                    if (Q->ne[1] <= 4) {
+                        if (K->ne[1] <= 16384) {
+                            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 16>(ctx, dst);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 32>(ctx, dst);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 4>(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Volta:
+                ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 4>(ctx, dst);
+            } else if (gqa_ratio % 16 == 0) {
+                ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512, 16>(ctx, dst);
+            } else {
+                ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16_switch_ncols1<576, 512,  4>(ctx, dst);
+            }
         } break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
@@ -118,229 +197,298 @@ static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, gg
     }
 }
 
-#define FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                               \
-    if (Q->ne[0] == (D) && K->type == (type_K) && V->type == (type_V)) {    \
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_case<D, type_K, type_V>(ctx, dst); \
-        return;                                                             \
-    }                                                                       \
-
-static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+#define FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                                                                        \
+    {                                                                                                            \
+        const bool type_K_okay = K->type == (type_K) || (K->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (type_K) == GGML_TYPE_F16); \
+        const bool type_V_okay = V->type == (type_V) || (V->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (type_V) == GGML_TYPE_F16); \
+        if (Q->ne[0] == (D) && type_K_okay && type_V_okay) {                                                     \
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_case<D, type_K, type_V>(ctx, dst);                                      \
+            return;                                                                                              \
+        }                                                                                                        \
+    }                                                                                                            \
+
+#define FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(type_K, type_V) \
+    FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, type_K, type_V)       \
+    FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, type_K, type_V)       \
+    FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, type_K, type_V)       \
+
+static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
     ggml_tensor * K = dst->src[1];
     ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
 
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16 )
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
 #else
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS
 
-    on_no_fattn_vec_case(Q->ne[0]);
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
 }
 
-#define FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                               \
-    if (Q->ne[0] == (D) && K->type == (type_K) && V->type == (type_V)) {    \
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_case<D, type_K, type_V>(ctx, dst); \
-        return;                                                             \
-    }                                                                       \
+// Best FlashAttention kernel for a specific GPU:
+enum best_fattn_kernel {
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE     =   0,
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE     = 200,
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC      = 100,
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_WMMA_F16 = 300,
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_MMA_F16  = 400,
+};
+
+static best_fattn_kernel ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(const int device, const ggml_tensor * dst) {
+#ifndef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+    GGML_UNUSED(device); GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+#endif// FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV   = dst;
+    const ggml_tensor * Q     = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * K     = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * V     = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask  = dst->src[3];
 
-static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
-    ggml_tensor * K = dst->src[1];
-    ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
+    const int gqa_ratio = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
+    GGML_ASSERT(Q->ne[2] % K->ne[2] == 0);
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16)
-
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-#else
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    float max_bias = 0.0f;
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    // The effective batch size for the kernel can be increased by gqa_ratio.
+    // The kernel versions without this optimization are also used for ALiBi, if there is no mask, or if the KV cache is not padded,
+    bool gqa_opt_applies = gqa_ratio >= 2 && mask && max_bias == 0.0f && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
+    for (const ggml_tensor * t : {Q, K, V, mask}) {
+        if (t == nullptr || ggml_is_quantized(t->type)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+            if (t->nb[i] % 16 != 0) {
+                gqa_opt_applies = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc;
+
+    switch (K->ne[0]) {
+        case  40:
+        case  64:
+        case  72:
+        case  80:
+        case  96:
+        case 128:
+        case 112:
+        case 256:
+            if (V->ne[0] != K->ne[0]) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 576:
+            if (V->ne[0] != 512) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+            }
+            if (!gqa_opt_applies) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
 
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
-    FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+#ifndef GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+    if (K->type != V->type) {
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS
 
-    on_no_fattn_vec_case(Q->ne[0]);
-}
+    switch (K->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+#ifndef GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            break;
+        default:
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
 
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * KQV  = dst;
-    const ggml_tensor * Q    = dst->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * K    = dst->src[1];
-    const ggml_tensor * V    = dst->src[2];
-    const ggml_tensor * mask = dst->src[3];
+    if (mask && mask->ne[2] != 1) {
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
 
-    ggml_cuda_set_device(ctx.device);
-    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-    const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].warp_size;
-    const enum ggml_prec prec = ggml_flash_attn_ext_get_prec(KQV);
+    // For small batch sizes the vector kernel may be preferable over the kernels optimized for large batch sizes:
+    const bool can_use_vector_kernel = Q->ne[0] <= 256 && Q->ne[0] % 64 == 0 && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
 
-    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
-#if defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
-        if (fp16_mma_available(cc)) {
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_wmma_f16(ctx, dst);
-            return;
+    // If Turing tensor cores are available, use them:
+    if (turing_mma_available(cc) && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72) {
+        if (can_use_vector_kernel) {
+            if (!ggml_is_quantized(K->type) && !ggml_is_quantized(V->type)) {
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE && Q->ne[1] == 1 && Q->ne[3] == 1 && !(gqa_ratio > 4 && K->ne[1] >= 8192)) {
+                    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE) {
+                    if (Q->ne[1] <= 2) {
+                        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (Q->ne[1] == 1) {
+                        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!gqa_opt_applies && Q->ne[1] == 1) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+            }
         }
-#endif // defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_MMA_F16;
+    }
 
-        // On AMD the tile kernels perform poorly, use the vec kernel instead:
-        if (prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT && fast_fp16_available(cc)) {
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32(ctx, dst);
+    if (volta_mma_available(cc) && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72) {
+        int gqa_ratio_eff = 1;
+        const int ncols2_max = Q->ne[0] == 576 ? 16 : 8;
+        while (gqa_ratio % (2*gqa_ratio_eff) == 0 && gqa_ratio_eff < ncols2_max) {
+            gqa_ratio_eff *= 2;
         }
-        return;
+        if (can_use_vector_kernel && Q->ne[1] * gqa_ratio_eff <= 2) {
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+        }
+        if (Q->ne[1] * gqa_ratio_eff <= 16) {
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE; // On Volta tensor cores are only faster for sufficiently large matrices.
+        }
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_MMA_F16;
     }
 
-    if (!fast_fp16_available(cc)) {
-        if (Q->ne[1] <= 8 || Q->ne[0] == 256) {
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f32(ctx, dst);
+    // Use the WMMA kernel if possible:
+    if (ggml_cuda_should_use_wmma_fattn(cc) && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72 && Q->ne[0] != 576) {
+        if (can_use_vector_kernel && Q->ne[1] <= 2) {
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
         }
-        return;
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_WMMA_F16;
     }
 
-    if (!fp16_mma_available(cc)) {
-        if (prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
-            if (Q->ne[1] <= 8 || Q->ne[0] == 256) {
-                ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16(ctx, dst);
+    if (amd_wmma_available(cc) && GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc) && gqa_opt_applies && Q->ne[0] <= 128 && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72) {
+        if (can_use_vector_kernel) {
+            if (!ggml_is_quantized(K->type) && !ggml_is_quantized(V->type)) {
+                if (Q->ne[1] == 1) {
+                    if (!gqa_opt_applies) {
+                        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+                    }
+                }
             } else {
-                ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f16(ctx, dst);
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (Q->ne[1] <= 8 || Q->ne[0] == 256) {
-                ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32(ctx, dst);
-            } else {
-                ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f32(ctx, dst);
+                if (Q->ne[1] <= 2) {
+                    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+                }
             }
         }
-        return;
+        int gqa_ratio_eff = 1;
+        const int ncols2_max = Q->ne[0] == 576 ? 16 : 8;
+        while (gqa_ratio % (2*gqa_ratio_eff) == 0 && gqa_ratio_eff < ncols2_max) {
+            gqa_ratio_eff *= 2;
+        }
+        if (Q->ne[1] * gqa_ratio_eff <= 8) {
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE; // AMD WMMA is only faster if the full tile width of 16 can be utilized.
+        }
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_MMA_F16;
+    }
+
+    // Use MFMA flash attention for CDNA (MI100+):
+    if (amd_mfma_available(cc) && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72 && Q->ne[0] != 256 && Q->ne[0] != 576) {
+        const int64_t eff_nq = Q->ne[1] * (gqa_opt_applies ? gqa_ratio : 1);
+        // MMA vs tile crossover benchmarked on MI300X @ d32768:
+        //   hsk=64  (gqa=4): MMA wins at eff >= 128 (+11%)
+        //   hsk=128 (gqa=4): MMA wins at eff >= 128 (+4%)
+        if (eff_nq >= (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA1(cc) && Q->ne[0] == 64 ? 64 : 128)) {
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_MMA_F16;
+        }
+        // Fall through to tile kernel for small effective batch sizes.
     }
 
-    const bool gqa_opt_applies = ((Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2]) % 2 == 0) && mask; // The mma-based kernels have GQA-specific optimizations
-    const bool mma_needs_data_conversion = K->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || V->type != GGML_TYPE_F16;
-    const bool mma_faster_for_bs1 = new_mma_available(cc) && gqa_opt_applies && cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE && !mma_needs_data_conversion;
-    const bool can_use_vector_kernel = Q->ne[0] <= 256 && Q->ne[0] % (2*warp_size) == 0;
-    if (Q->ne[1] == 1 && can_use_vector_kernel && !mma_faster_for_bs1) {
-        if (prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16(ctx, dst);
+    // If there are no tensor cores available, use the generic tile kernel:
+    if (can_use_vector_kernel) {
+        if (!ggml_is_quantized(K->type) && !ggml_is_quantized(V->type)) {
+            if (Q->ne[1] == 1) {
+                if (!gqa_opt_applies) {
+                    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+                }
+            }
         } else {
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32(ctx, dst);
+            if (Q->ne[1] <= 2) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+            }
         }
-        return;
     }
+    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE;
+}
 
-    // The MMA implementation needs Turing or newer, use the old WMMA code for Volta:
-    if (fp16_mma_available(cc) && !new_mma_available(cc)) {
-        ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_wmma_f16(ctx, dst);
-        return;
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_set_device(ctx.device);
+    switch (ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(ggml_cuda_get_device(), dst)) {
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE:
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC:
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_WMMA_F16:
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_wmma_f16(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_MMA_F16:
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16(ctx, dst);
+            break;
     }
+}
 
-    ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_mma_f16(ctx, dst);
+bool ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_supported(int device, const ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    return ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(device, dst) != BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cuh
index ad3ca7a8d8e..78705d59951 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cuh
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 
 void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+bool ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_supported(int device, const ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fill.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fill.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..739062c4057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fill.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include "fill.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+template <typename T>
+static __global__ void fill_kernel(T * dst, const int64_t k, const T value) {
+    const int64_t i = (int64_t)blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+    dst[i] = value;
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_fill(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+
+    float value;
+    memcpy(&value, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    const int64_t k = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (k + CUDA_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            fill_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>((float *)dst_d, k, value);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            fill_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>((half *)dst_d, k, ggml_cuda_cast<half>(value));
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fill.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fill.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8443c83620d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fill.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_fill(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ce6d5f31b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+#include "gated_delta_net.cuh"
+
+template <int S_v, bool KDA>
+__global__ void gated_delta_net_cuda(const float * q,
+                                     const float * k,
+                                     const float * v,
+                                     const float * g,
+                                     const float * beta,
+                                     const float * curr_state,
+                                     float *       dst,
+                                     int64_t       H,
+                                     int64_t       n_tokens,
+                                     int64_t       n_seqs,
+                                     int64_t       sq1,
+                                     int64_t       sq2,
+                                     int64_t       sq3,
+                                     int64_t       sv1,
+                                     int64_t       sv2,
+                                     int64_t       sv3,
+                                     int64_t       sb1,
+                                     int64_t       sb2,
+                                     int64_t       sb3,
+                                     const uint3   neqk1_magic,
+                                     const uint3   rq3_magic,
+                                     float         scale) {
+    const uint32_t h_idx    = blockIdx.x;
+    const uint32_t sequence = blockIdx.y;
+    // each warp owns one column, using warp-level primitives to reduce across rows
+    const int      lane     = threadIdx.x;
+    const int      col      = blockIdx.z * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    const uint32_t iq1 = fastmodulo(h_idx, neqk1_magic);
+    const uint32_t iq3 = fastdiv(sequence, rq3_magic);
+
+    const int64_t attn_score_elems = S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs;
+    float *       attn_data        = dst;
+    float *       state            = dst + attn_score_elems;
+
+    const int64_t state_offset = (sequence * H + h_idx) * S_v * S_v;
+    state += state_offset;
+    curr_state += state_offset;
+    attn_data += (sequence * n_tokens * H + h_idx) * S_v;
+
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size() < S_v ? ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size() : S_v;
+    static_assert(S_v % warp_size == 0, "S_v must be a multiple of warp_size");
+    constexpr int rows_per_lane = (S_v + warp_size - 1) / warp_size;
+    float         s_shard[rows_per_lane];
+    // state is stored transposed: M[col][i] = S[i][col], row col is contiguous
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+        const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+        s_shard[r]  = curr_state[col * S_v + i];
+    }
+
+    for (int t = 0; t < n_tokens; t++) {
+        const float * q_t = q + iq3 * sq3 + t * sq2 + iq1 * sq1;
+        const float * k_t = k + iq3 * sq3 + t * sq2 + iq1 * sq1;
+        const float * v_t = v + sequence * sv3 + t * sv2 + h_idx * sv1;
+
+        const int64_t gb_offset = sequence * sb3 + t * sb2 + h_idx * sb1;
+        const float * beta_t = beta + gb_offset;
+        const float * g_t    = g    + gb_offset * (KDA ? S_v : 1);
+
+        const float beta_val = *beta_t;
+
+        if constexpr (!KDA) {
+            const float g_val = expf(*g_t);
+
+            // kv[col] = (S^T @ k)[col] = sum_i S[i][col] * k[i]
+            float kv_shard = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                kv_shard += s_shard[r] * k_t[i];
+            }
+            float kv_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(kv_shard);
+
+            // delta[col] = (v[col] - g * kv[col]) * beta
+            float delta_col = (v_t[col] - g_val * kv_col) * beta_val;
+
+            // fused: S[i][col] = g * S[i][col] + k[i] * delta[col]
+            // attn[col] = (S^T @ q)[col] = sum_i S[i][col] * q[i]
+            float attn_partial = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                s_shard[r]  = g_val * s_shard[r] + k_t[i] * delta_col;
+                attn_partial += s_shard[r] * q_t[i];
+            }
+
+            float attn_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(attn_partial);
+
+            if (lane == 0) {
+                attn_data[col] = attn_col * scale;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // kv[col] = sum_i g[i] * S[i][col] * k[i]
+            float kv_shard = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                kv_shard += expf(g_t[i]) * s_shard[r] * k_t[i];
+            }
+
+            float kv_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(kv_shard);
+
+            // delta[col] = (v[col] - kv[col]) * beta
+            float delta_col = (v_t[col] - kv_col) * beta_val;
+
+            // fused: S[i][col] = g[i] * S[i][col] + k[i] * delta[col]
+            // attn[col] = (S^T @ q)[col] = sum_i S[i][col] * q[i]
+            float attn_partial = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                s_shard[r]  = expf(g_t[i]) * s_shard[r] + k_t[i] * delta_col;
+                attn_partial += s_shard[r] * q_t[i];
+            }
+
+            float attn_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(attn_partial);
+
+            if (lane == 0) {
+                attn_data[col] = attn_col * scale;
+            }
+        }
+
+        attn_data += S_v * H;
+    }
+
+    // Write state back to global memory (transposed layout)
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+        const int i          = r * warp_size + lane;
+        state[col * S_v + i] = s_shard[r];
+    }
+}
+
+template <bool KDA>
+static void launch_gated_delta_net(
+        const float * q_d, const float * k_d, const float * v_d,
+        const float * g_d, const float * b_d, const float * s_d,
+        float * dst_d,
+        int64_t S_v,   int64_t H, int64_t n_tokens, int64_t n_seqs,
+        int64_t sq1,   int64_t sq2, int64_t sq3,
+        int64_t sv1,   int64_t sv2, int64_t sv3,
+        int64_t sb1,   int64_t sb2, int64_t sb3,
+        int64_t neqk1, int64_t rq3,
+        float scale, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    //TODO: Add chunked kernel for even faster pre-fill
+    const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].warp_size;
+    const int num_warps = 4;
+    dim3      grid_dims(H, n_seqs, (S_v + num_warps - 1) / num_warps);
+    dim3      block_dims(warp_size <= S_v ? warp_size : S_v, num_warps, 1);
+
+    const uint3 neqk1_magic = init_fastdiv_values(neqk1);
+    const uint3 rq3_magic   = init_fastdiv_values(rq3);
+
+    int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
+
+    switch (S_v) {
+        case 16:
+            gated_delta_net_cuda<16, KDA><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+            break;
+        case 32:
+            gated_delta_net_cuda<32, KDA><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+            break;
+        case 64: {
+            gated_delta_net_cuda<64, KDA><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 128: {
+            gated_delta_net_cuda<128, KDA><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H,
+                n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+                sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src_q     = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src_k     = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * src_v     = dst->src[2];
+    ggml_tensor * src_g     = dst->src[3];
+    ggml_tensor * src_beta  = dst->src[4];
+    ggml_tensor * src_state = dst->src[5];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neq, src_q, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t , nbq, src_q, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nek, src_k, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t , nbk, src_k, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nev, src_v, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbv, src_v, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbb, src_beta, nb);
+
+    const int64_t S_v      = nev0;
+    const int64_t H        = nev1;
+    const int64_t n_tokens = nev2;
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = nev3;
+
+    const bool kda = (src_g->ne[0] == S_v);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(neq1 == nek1);
+    const int64_t neqk1 = neq1;
+
+    const int64_t rq3 = nev3 / neq3;
+
+    const float * q_d = (const float *) src_q->data;
+    const float * k_d = (const float *) src_k->data;
+    const float * v_d = (const float *) src_v->data;
+    const float * g_d = (const float *) src_g->data;
+    const float * b_d = (const float *) src_beta->data;
+
+    const float * s_d   = (const float *) src_state->data;
+    float *       dst_d = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_q));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_k));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_v));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_stride(src_q, src_k));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src_g->ne[0] == 1 || kda);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_g));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_beta));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_state));
+
+    // strides in floats (beta strides used for both g and beta offset computation)
+    const int64_t sq1 = nbq1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sq2 = nbq2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sq3 = nbq3 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sv1 = nbv1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sv2 = nbv2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sv3 = nbv3 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sb1 = nbb1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sb2 = nbb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sb3 = nbb3 / sizeof(float);
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrtf((float) S_v);
+
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    if (kda) {
+        launch_gated_delta_net<true>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+            sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, stream);
+    } else {
+        launch_gated_delta_net<false>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+            sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, stream);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7375e81c0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/getrows.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/getrows.cu
index 963e4d03dd7..2fab33243dd 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/getrows.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/getrows.cu
@@ -1,68 +1,71 @@
 #include "getrows.cuh"
 #include "dequantize.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
 
 template<int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
 static __global__ void k_get_rows(
         const void * __restrict__ src0, const int32_t * __restrict__ src1, dst_t * __restrict__ dst,
         const int64_t ne00, /*const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,*/
-        /*const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11,*/ const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
+        /*const int64_t ne10,*/ const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
         /*const size_t s0,*/ const size_t s1, const size_t s2, const size_t s3,
         /*const size_t nb00,*/ const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
         const size_t s10, const size_t s11, const size_t s12/*, const size_t s13*/) {
 
-    // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
-    const int i00 = (blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x)*2;
-    const int i10 =  blockIdx.x;
-    const int i11 =  blockIdx.z / ne12;
-    const int i12 =  blockIdx.z % ne12;
+    for (int64_t z = blockIdx.z; z < ne11*ne12; z += gridDim.z) {
+        for (int64_t i00 = 2*(blockIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x); i00 < ne00; i00 += gridDim.y*blockDim.x) {
+            // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
+            const int i10 =  blockIdx.x;
+            const int i11 =  z / ne12; // TODO fastdiv
+            const int i12 =  z % ne12;
 
-    if (i00 >= ne00) {
-        return;
-    }
+            const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
 
-    const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
+            dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
+            const void * src0_row = (const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03;
 
-    dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
-    const void * src0_row = (const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03;
+            const int ib   =  i00/qk;      // block index
+            const int iqs  = (i00%qk)/qr;  // quant index
+            const int iybs = i00 - i00%qk; // dst block start index
+            const int y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
 
-    const int ib   =  i00/qk;      // block index
-    const int iqs  = (i00%qk)/qr;  // quant index
-    const int iybs = i00 - i00%qk; // dst block start index
-    const int y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
+            // dequantize
+            float2 v;
+            dequantize_kernel(src0_row, ib, iqs, v);
 
-    // dequantize
-    dfloat2 v;
-    dequantize_kernel(src0_row, ib, iqs, v);
-
-    dst_row[iybs + iqs + 0]        = float(v.x);
-    dst_row[iybs + iqs + y_offset] = float(v.y);
+            dst_row[iybs + iqs + 0]        = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.x);
+            dst_row[iybs + iqs + y_offset] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.y);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename src0_t, typename dst_t>
 static __global__ void k_get_rows_float(
         const src0_t * __restrict__ src0, const int32_t * __restrict__ src1, dst_t * __restrict__ dst,
         const int64_t ne00, /*const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,*/
-        /*const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11,*/ const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
+        /*const int64_t ne10,*/ const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
         /*const size_t s0,*/ const size_t s1, const size_t s2, const size_t s3,
         /*const size_t nb00,*/ const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
         const size_t s10, const size_t s11, const size_t s12/*, const size_t s13*/) {
 
-    // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
-    const int i00 = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    const int i10 = blockIdx.x;
-    const int i11 = blockIdx.z / ne12;
-    const int i12 = blockIdx.z % ne12;
+    for (int64_t z = blockIdx.z; z < ne11*ne12; z += gridDim.z) {
+        for (int64_t i00 = blockIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i00 < ne00; i00 += gridDim.y*blockDim.x) {
+            // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
+            const int i10 = blockIdx.x;
+            const int i11 = z / ne12; // TODO fastdiv
+            const int i12 = z % ne12;
 
-    if (i00 >= ne00) {
-        return;
-    }
+            if (i00 >= ne00) {
+                return;
+            }
 
-    const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
+            const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
 
-    dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
-    const src0_t * src0_row = (const src0_t *)((const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03);
+            dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
+            const src0_t * src0_row = (const src0_t *)((const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03);
 
-    dst_row[i00] = float(src0_row[i00]);
+            dst_row[i00] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(src0_row[i00]);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename grad_t, typename dst_t>
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_q(
         cudaStream_t stream) {
     const dim3 block_dims(CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
     const int block_num_y = (ne00 + 2*CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, block_num_y, ne11*ne12);
+    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, MIN(block_num_y, UINT16_MAX), MIN(ne11*ne12, UINT16_MAX));
 
     // strides in elements
     // const size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_q(
     k_get_rows<qk, qr, dq><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
         src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
         ne00, /*ne01, ne02, ne03,*/
-        /*ne10, ne11,*/ ne12, /*ne13,*/
+        /*ne10,*/ ne11, ne12, /*ne13,*/
         /* s0,*/ s1, s2, s3,
         /* nb00,*/ nb01, nb02, nb03,
         s10, s11, s12/*, s13*/);
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_float(
         cudaStream_t stream) {
     const dim3 block_dims(CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
     const int block_num_y = (ne00 + CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, block_num_y, ne11*ne12);
+    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, MIN(block_num_y, UINT16_MAX), MIN(ne11*ne12, UINT16_MAX));
 
     // strides in elements
     // const size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_float(
     k_get_rows_float<<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
         src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
         ne00, /*ne01, ne02, ne03,*/
-        /*ne10, ne11,*/ ne12, /*ne13,*/
+        /*ne10,*/ ne11, ne12, /*ne13,*/
         /* s0,*/ s1, s2, s3,
         /* nb00,*/ nb01, nb02, nb03,
         s10, s11, s12/*, s13*/);
@@ -168,6 +171,10 @@ static void ggml_cuda_get_rows_switch_src0_type(
             get_rows_cuda_float((const float *) src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
                 ne00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
             break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+            get_rows_cuda_float((const int32_t *) src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
+                ne00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             get_rows_cuda_float((const nv_bfloat16 *) src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
                 ne00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
@@ -210,6 +217,10 @@ void get_rows_cuda(
             ggml_cuda_get_rows_switch_src0_type(src0_d, src0_type, src1_d, (float *) dst_d,
                 ne00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
             break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+            ggml_cuda_get_rows_switch_src0_type(src0_d, src0_type, src1_d, (int32_t *) dst_d,
+                ne00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             ggml_cuda_get_rows_switch_src0_type(src0_d, src0_type, src1_d, (half *) dst_d,
                 ne00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
index 5bab92e347a..5a0be4a472a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "ggml-cuda/common.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/acc.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/add-id.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/arange.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/argmax.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/argsort.cuh"
@@ -11,37 +12,55 @@
 #include "ggml-cuda/clamp.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/concat.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/conv-transpose-1d.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/conv2d.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/conv2d-dw.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/conv2d-transpose.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/convert.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/count-equal.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/cpy.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/cross-entropy-loss.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/cumsum.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/diagmask.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/diag.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/fattn.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/getrows.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/im2col.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/mmf.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh"
-#include "ggml-cuda/mmv.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/mmvf.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/mmvq.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/norm.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/opt-step-adamw.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/opt-step-sgd.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/out-prod.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/pad.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/pool2d.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/quantize.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/rope.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/roll.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/scale.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/softcap.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/softmax.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/ssm-scan.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/sum.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/sumrows.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/top-k.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/mean.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/tsembd.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/unary.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/upscale.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/wkv.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/gla.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/gated_delta_net.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/set.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/set-rows.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/pad_reflect_1d.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/solve_tri.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/tri.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/cumsum.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/fill.cuh"
 #include "ggml.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -52,16 +71,18 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <float.h>
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <limits>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 static_assert(sizeof(half) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t), "wrong fp16 size");
 
@@ -99,12 +120,14 @@ int ggml_cuda_get_device() {
 static cudaError_t ggml_cuda_device_malloc(void ** ptr, size_t size, int device) {
     ggml_cuda_set_device(device);
     cudaError_t err;
-    if (getenv("GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY") != nullptr)
-    {
+    if (getenv("GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY") != nullptr) {
         err = cudaMallocManaged(ptr, size);
 #if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
         if (err == hipSuccess) {
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemAdvise(*ptr, size, hipMemAdviseSetCoarseGrain, device));
+            // hipMemAdviseSetCoarseGrain is an optional performance hint;
+            // ignore errors (e.g. hipErrorInvalidValue on some APU/iGPU configs).
+            cudaMemAdvise(*ptr, size, hipMemAdviseSetCoarseGrain, device);
+            (void)hipGetLastError(); // clear any error
         }
 
         // fall back to cudaMalloc if not supported (e.g. on Windows)
@@ -118,15 +141,13 @@ static cudaError_t ggml_cuda_device_malloc(void ** ptr, size_t size, int device)
             err = cudaMalloc(ptr, size);
         }
 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
-    }
-    else
-    {
+    } else {
         err = cudaMalloc(ptr, size);
     }
     return err;
 }
 
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 static int ggml_cuda_parse_id(char devName[]) {
     // A list of possible Target IDs can be found under the rocclr/clr repo in device.cpp
     // these values are not stable so this is susceptible to breakage
@@ -173,33 +194,9 @@ static int ggml_cuda_parse_id(char devName[]) {
     archNum += archMinor;
     return archNum;
 }
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 
 static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
-#ifdef __HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__
-    // Workaround for a rocBLAS bug when using multiple graphics cards:
-    // https://github.com/ROCmSoftwarePlatform/rocBLAS/issues/1346
-    {
-        int major_version = 0;
-        size_t version_length = 0;
-        if (rocblas_get_version_string_size(&version_length) == rocblas_status_success) {
-            std::vector<char> version(version_length+1, '\0');
-            if (rocblas_get_version_string(version.data(), version.size()) == rocblas_status_success) {
-                version.resize(::strlen(version.data()));
-                int parsed_value = 0;
-                if (std::from_chars(version.data(), version.data() + version.size(), parsed_value).ec == std::errc()) {
-                    major_version = parsed_value;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (major_version < 4) {
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG(GGML_CUDA_NAME " calling rocblas_initialize as a workaround for a rocBLAS bug\n");
-            rocblas_initialize();
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-
     ggml_cuda_device_info info = {};
 
     cudaError_t err = cudaGetDeviceCount(&info.device_count);
@@ -211,17 +208,16 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
     GGML_ASSERT(info.device_count <= GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES);
 
     int64_t total_vram = 0;
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ:    yes\n", __func__);
-#else
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ:    no\n", __func__);
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS: yes\n", __func__);
-#else
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS: no\n", __func__);
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found %d " GGML_CUDA_NAME " devices:\n", __func__, info.device_count);
+    for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
+        cudaDeviceProp prop;
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, id));
+        total_vram += prop.totalGlobalMem;
+    }
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found %d " GGML_CUDA_NAME " devices (Total VRAM: %zu MiB):\n",
+                  __func__, info.device_count, (size_t)(total_vram / (1024 * 1024)));
+    total_vram = 0;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> turing_devices_without_mma;
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
         int device_vmm = 0;
 
@@ -245,11 +241,20 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
 
         info.default_tensor_split[id] = total_vram;
         total_vram += prop.totalGlobalMem;
-        info.devices[id].integrated = prop.integrated;
+        info.devices[id].integrated = false; // Temporarily disabled due to issues with corrupted output (e.g. #15034)
         info.devices[id].nsm        = prop.multiProcessorCount;
         info.devices[id].smpb       = prop.sharedMemPerBlock;
         info.devices[id].warp_size  = prop.warpSize;
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+
+#ifndef GGML_USE_MUSA
+        int supports_coop_launch = 0;
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceGetAttribute(&supports_coop_launch, cudaDevAttrCooperativeLaunch, id));
+        info.devices[id].supports_cooperative_launch = !!supports_coop_launch;
+#else
+        info.devices[id].supports_cooperative_launch = false;
+#endif // !(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
         info.devices[id].smpbo = prop.sharedMemPerBlock;
 
         info.devices[id].cc = ggml_cuda_parse_id(prop.gcnArchName);
@@ -263,23 +268,54 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
                 info.devices[id].cc += prop.minor * 0x10;
             }
         }
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, %s (0x%x), VMM: %s, Wave Size: %d\n",
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, %s (0x%x), VMM: %s, Wave Size: %d, VRAM: %zu MiB\n",
                       id, prop.name, prop.gcnArchName, info.devices[id].cc & 0xffff,
-                      device_vmm ? "yes" : "no", prop.warpSize);
+                      device_vmm ? "yes" : "no", prop.warpSize,
+                      (size_t)(prop.totalGlobalMem / (1024 * 1024)));
 #elif defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
         // FIXME: Ensure compatibility with varying warp sizes across different MUSA archs.
         info.devices[id].warp_size = 32;
         info.devices[id].smpbo = prop.sharedMemPerBlockOptin;
         info.devices[id].cc = GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_MTHREADS + prop.major * 0x100;
         info.devices[id].cc += prop.minor * 0x10;
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, compute capability %d.%d, VMM: %s\n",
-                        id, prop.name, prop.major, prop.minor, device_vmm ? "yes" : "no");
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, compute capability %d.%d, VMM: %s, VRAM: %zu MiB\n",
+                      id, prop.name, prop.major, prop.minor, device_vmm ? "yes" : "no",
+                      (size_t)(prop.totalGlobalMem / (1024 * 1024)));
 #else
         info.devices[id].smpbo = prop.sharedMemPerBlockOptin;
         info.devices[id].cc = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor;
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, compute capability %d.%d, VMM: %s\n",
-                        id, prop.name, prop.major, prop.minor, device_vmm ? "yes" : "no");
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, compute capability %d.%d, VMM: %s, VRAM: %zu MiB\n",
+                      id, prop.name, prop.major, prop.minor, device_vmm ? "yes" : "no",
+                      (size_t)(prop.totalGlobalMem / (1024 * 1024)));
+        std::string device_name(prop.name);
+        if (device_name == "NVIDIA GeForce MX450") {
+            turing_devices_without_mma.push_back({ id, device_name });
+        } else if (device_name == "NVIDIA GeForce MX550") {
+            turing_devices_without_mma.push_back({ id, device_name });
+        } else if (device_name.substr(0, 21) == "NVIDIA GeForce GTX 16") {
+            turing_devices_without_mma.push_back({ id, device_name });
+        }
+
+        // Temporary performance fix:
+        // Setting device scheduling strategy for iGPUs with cc121 to "spinning" to avoid delays in cuda synchronize calls.
+        // TODO: Check for future drivers the default scheduling strategy and
+        // remove this call again when cudaDeviceScheduleSpin is default.
+        if (prop.major == 12 && prop.minor == 1) {
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaSetDevice(id));
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaSetDeviceFlags(cudaDeviceScheduleSpin));
+        }
+
+#endif  // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+    }
+
+    if (ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING && !turing_devices_without_mma.empty()) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("The following devices will have suboptimal performance due to a lack of tensor cores:\n");
+        for (size_t device_pos = 0; device_pos < turing_devices_without_mma.size(); device_pos++) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO(
+                "  Device %d: %s\n", turing_devices_without_mma[device_pos].first, turing_devices_without_mma[device_pos].second.c_str());
+        }
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(
+            "Consider compiling with CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=61-virtual;80-virtual and DGGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ to force the use of the Pascal code for Turing.\n");
     }
 
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
@@ -507,7 +543,8 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
 };
 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
 
-std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool> ggml_backend_cuda_context::new_pool_for_device(int device) {
+std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool> ggml_backend_cuda_context::new_pool_for_device(int                  device,
+                                                                               [[maybe_unused]] int stream_no) {
 #if defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
     if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].vmm) {
         return std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool>(new ggml_cuda_pool_vmm(device));
@@ -1204,6 +1241,34 @@ static cudaError_t ggml_cuda_cpy_tensor_2d(
     }
 }
 
+struct cublas_force_compute_type {
+    bool fp32 = false;
+    bool fp16 = false;
+};
+
+static const cublas_force_compute_type & ggml_cuda_cublas_get_force_compute_type() {
+    static const cublas_force_compute_type compute_type = [] {
+        cublas_force_compute_type result;
+
+        const bool ggml_cuda_force_cublas_compute_32f_env = getenv("GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F") != nullptr;
+        const bool ggml_cuda_force_cublas_compute_16f_env = getenv("GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F") != nullptr;
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_cuda_force_cublas_compute_16f_env == false || ggml_cuda_force_cublas_compute_32f_env == false);
+
+        if (ggml_cuda_force_cublas_compute_32f_env) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("Detected GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F\n");
+            result.fp32 = true;
+        } else if (ggml_cuda_force_cublas_compute_16f_env) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("Detected GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F\n");
+            result.fp16 = true;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }();
+
+    return compute_type;
+}
+
 static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
     ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
     const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, const char * src0_dd_i, const float * src1_ddf_i,
@@ -1229,9 +1294,12 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
 
     const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
 
+    const bool supports_bf16 = GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc) ||
+        (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_MTHREADS(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2);
+
     const bool use_fp16 = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1] && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT;
 
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1]) {
+    if (supports_bf16 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1]) {
         ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<nv_bfloat16> src1_as_bf16(ctx.pool(id));
         if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
             const to_bf16_cuda_t to_bf16_cuda = ggml_get_to_bf16_cuda(src1->type);
@@ -1259,7 +1327,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
 
         const to_fp32_cuda_t to_fp32_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(GGML_TYPE_BF16);
         to_fp32_cuda(dst_bf16.get(), dst_dd_i, row_diff*src1_ncols, stream);
-    } else if (((GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) && use_fp16) {
+    } else if (fast_fp16_hardware_available(cc) && use_fp16) {
         // convert src0 and src1 to fp16, multiply as fp16, convert dst to fp32
         ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half> src0_as_f16(ctx.pool(id));
         if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
@@ -1283,7 +1351,13 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
 
         CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetStream(ctx.cublas_handle(id), stream));
 
-        if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)) {
+        const auto & force_compute_type = ggml_cuda_cublas_get_force_compute_type();
+
+        if (!force_compute_type.fp16 && (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)
+                                        || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)
+                                        || cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+                                        || force_compute_type.fp32))
+        {
             const float alpha = 1.0f;
             const float beta = 0.0f;
             CUBLAS_CHECK(
@@ -1344,9 +1418,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
                     &beta,  dst_dd_i,    ldc));
     }
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ddq_i);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_padded_row_size);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(dst, src1_ddq_i, src1_padded_row_size);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cuda_set_peer_access(const int n_tokens, int main_device) {
@@ -1748,7 +1820,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat(
 }
 
 static __global__ void k_compute_batched_ptrs(
-        const half * src0_as_f16, const half * src1_as_f16, char * dst,
+        const void * src0_as_f16, const void * src1_as_f16, char * dst,
         const void ** ptrs_src, void ** ptrs_dst,
         int64_t ne12, int64_t ne13,
         int64_t ne23,
@@ -1771,91 +1843,149 @@ static __global__ void k_compute_batched_ptrs(
     ptrs_dst[0*ne23 + i12 + i13*ne12] = (      char *)         dst + i12*nbd2 + i13*nbd3;
 }
 
-static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+// Type traits for mapping ggml types to CUDA/cuBLAS types
+template<ggml_type T>
+struct batched_mul_mat_traits;
+
+template<>
+struct batched_mul_mat_traits<GGML_TYPE_F32> {
+    using cuda_type = float;
+    static inline const cublasComputeType_t compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
+    static inline const cudaDataType_t data_type = CUDA_R_32F;
+    static inline const ggml_type ggml_type_val = GGML_TYPE_F32;
+    static inline const float alpha = 1.0f;
+    static inline const float beta = 0.0f;
+    static inline const void* get_alpha() { static const float val = alpha; return &val; }
+    static inline const void* get_beta() { static const float val = beta; return &val; }
+    static inline auto get_nc_converter(ggml_type src_type) { return ggml_get_to_fp32_nc_cuda(src_type); }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct batched_mul_mat_traits<GGML_TYPE_BF16> {
+    using cuda_type = nv_bfloat16;
+    static inline const cublasComputeType_t compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
+    static inline const cudaDataType_t data_type = CUDA_R_16BF;
+    static inline const ggml_type ggml_type_val = GGML_TYPE_BF16;
+    static inline const float alpha = 1.0f;
+    static inline const float beta = 0.0f;
+    static inline const void* get_alpha() { static const float val = alpha; return &val; }
+    static inline const void* get_beta() { static const float val = beta; return &val; }
+    static inline auto get_nc_converter(ggml_type src_type) { return ggml_get_to_bf16_nc_cuda(src_type); }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct batched_mul_mat_traits<GGML_TYPE_F16> {
+    using cuda_type = half;
+    static inline const cublasComputeType_t compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F;
+    static inline const cudaDataType_t data_type = CUDA_R_16F;
+    static inline const ggml_type ggml_type_val = GGML_TYPE_F16;
+    static inline const half alpha = 1.0;
+    static inline const half beta = 0.0;
+    static inline const void* get_alpha() { static const half val = alpha; return &val; }
+    static inline const void* get_beta() { static const half val = beta; return &val; }
+    static inline auto get_nc_converter(ggml_type src_type) { return ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_cuda(src_type); }
+};
+
+template<ggml_type src0_type>
+static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    using traits = batched_mul_mat_traits<src0_type>;
+    using cuda_t = typename traits::cuda_type;
+
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(src0));
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(src1));
-
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src0->buffer->buft));
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src0_type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
 
     // Byte offsets and tensor dimensions are currently used in an inconsistent way for dst.
     // As long as dst is contiguous this does not matter though.
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
 
     GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
     const int64_t ne_dst = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
     cudaStream_t main_stream = ctx.stream();
-
     CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetStream(ctx.cublas_handle(), main_stream));
 
-    const half * src0_f16 = (const half *) src0->data;
     float * dst_ddf = (float *) dst->data;
-
-    const half * src1_f16 = (const half *) src1->data;
     const size_t ts_src1 = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == ts_src1);
     int64_t s11 = nb11 / ts_src1;
     int64_t s12 = nb12 / ts_src1;
     int64_t s13 = nb13 / ts_src1;
-    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half> src1_f16_alloc(ctx.pool());
 
-    // convert src1 to fp16
-    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        const to_fp16_nc_cuda_t to_fp16_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_cuda(src1->type);
-        const int64_t ne_src1 = ggml_nelements(src1);
-        src1_f16_alloc.alloc(ne_src1);
-        GGML_ASSERT(to_fp16_cuda != nullptr);
+    const cuda_t * src0_ptr = nullptr;
+    const cuda_t * src1_ptr = nullptr;
+
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<cuda_t> src0_alloc(ctx.pool());
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<cuda_t> src1_alloc(ctx.pool());
+
+    bool is_src0_cont_2 = ggml_is_contiguous_2(src0);
+    bool is_src1_cont_2 = ggml_is_contiguous_2(src1);
 
-        to_fp16_cuda(src1_f16, src1_f16_alloc.get(), ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s11, s12, s13, main_stream);
+    // Handle src0
+    src0_ptr = (const cuda_t *) src0->data;
 
-        src1_f16 = src1_f16_alloc.get();
+    // Handle src1 - convert if necessary
+    if (src1->type == src0_type) {
+        src1_ptr = (const cuda_t *) src1->data;
+    } else {
+        // Convert src1 to target type using traits conversion functions
+        const int64_t ne_src1 = ggml_nelements(src1);
+        src1_alloc.alloc(ne_src1);
+
+        const auto convert_func = traits::get_nc_converter(src1->type);
+        GGML_ASSERT(convert_func != nullptr);
+        convert_func(src1->data, src1_alloc.get(), ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s11, s12, s13, main_stream);
+        src1_ptr = src1_alloc.get();
         s11 = ne10;
         s12 = ne11*s11;
         s13 = ne12*s12;
+
+        is_src1_cont_2 = true;
     }
 
-    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half> dst_f16(ctx.pool());
+    // Setup destination buffer
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<cuda_t> dst_temp(ctx.pool());
     char * dst_t;
-
-    cublasComputeType_t cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F;
-    cudaDataType_t      cu_data_type    = CUDA_R_16F;
-
-    // dst strides
     size_t nbd2 = dst->nb[2];
     size_t nbd3 = dst->nb[3];
 
-    const half  alpha_f16 = 1.0f;
-    const half  beta_f16  = 0.0f;
+    cublasComputeType_t cu_compute_type = traits::compute_type;
+    cudaDataType_t cu_data_type = traits::data_type;
+    cudaDataType_t cu_data_type_a = traits::data_type;
+    cudaDataType_t cu_data_type_b = traits::data_type;
+    const void * alpha = traits::get_alpha();
+    const void * beta = traits::get_beta();
 
-    const float alpha_f32 = 1.0f;
-    const float beta_f32  = 0.0f;
+    const auto & force_compute_type = ggml_cuda_cublas_get_force_compute_type();
+
+    int id = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
+    static constexpr bool is_src0_type_f16 = src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
 
-    const void * alpha = &alpha_f16;
-    const void * beta  = &beta_f16;
+    // bf16 and fp32 are already being computed in fp32 (ensure it using static_assert),
+    // so checking necessity of forced fp32 only for fp16 src0_type
+    static_assert(is_src0_type_f16 || traits::compute_type == CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F);
 
-    if (dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
-        dst_t = (char *) dst_f16.alloc(ne_dst);
+    const bool need_compute_32f = is_src0_type_f16 && !force_compute_type.fp16 && (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)
+                                                                                  || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)
+                                                                                  || cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+                                                                                  || force_compute_type.fp32);
 
-        nbd2 /= sizeof(float) / sizeof(half);
-        nbd3 /= sizeof(float) / sizeof(half);
+    if (dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT && !need_compute_32f) {
+        if constexpr (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            dst_t = (char *) dst_ddf;  // Direct F32 output
+        } else {
+            dst_t = (char *) dst_temp.alloc(ne_dst);
+            nbd2 /= sizeof(float) / sizeof(cuda_t);
+            nbd3 /= sizeof(float) / sizeof(cuda_t);
+        }
     } else {
         dst_t = (char *) dst_ddf;
-
-        cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
-        cu_data_type    = CUDA_R_32F;
-
-        alpha = &alpha_f32;
-        beta  = &beta_f32;
-    }
-
-    int id = ggml_cuda_get_device();
-    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
-    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)) {
-        cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
-        alpha = &alpha_f32;
-        beta  = &beta_f32;
+        cu_compute_type = batched_mul_mat_traits<GGML_TYPE_F32>::compute_type;
+        cu_data_type = batched_mul_mat_traits<GGML_TYPE_F32>::data_type;
+        alpha = batched_mul_mat_traits<GGML_TYPE_F32>::get_alpha();
+        beta = batched_mul_mat_traits<GGML_TYPE_F32>::get_beta();
     }
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
@@ -1865,35 +1995,19 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, co
     const int64_t r2 = ne12/ne02;
     const int64_t r3 = ne13/ne03;
 
-#if 0
-    // use cublasGemmEx
-    {
-        for (int i13 = 0; i13 < ne13; ++i13) {
-            for (int i12 = 0; i12 < ne12; ++i12) {
-                int i03 = i13 / r3;
-                int i02 = i12 / r2;
-
-                CUBLAS_CHECK(
-                cublasGemmEx(ctx.cublas_handle(), CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
-                    ne01, ne11, ne10,
-                    alpha, (const char *) src0_f16 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02, CUDA_R_16F,   nb01/sizeof(half),
-                                          src1_f16 + i13*s13  + i12*s12,  CUDA_R_16F,   s11,
-                    beta,  (      char *)    dst_t + i13*nbd3 + i12*nbd2, cu_data_type, ne0,
-                    cu_compute_type,
-                    CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#else
-    if (r2 == 1 && r3 == 1 && ggml_is_contiguous_2(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous_2(src1)) {
+    if (r2 == 1 && r3 == 1 && is_src0_cont_2 && is_src1_cont_2) {
+        // with a [0, 2, 1, 3] perm. and ne02==1 the matrix strides need to be determined from dim 3:
+        const int64_t sma = ne02 == 1 ? nb03/nb00 : nb02/nb00;
+        const int64_t smb = ne12 == 1 ? s13       : s12;
+
         // there is no broadcast and src0, src1 are contiguous across dims 2, 3
         // use cublasGemmStridedBatchedEx
         CUBLAS_CHECK(
         cublasGemmStridedBatchedEx(ctx.cublas_handle(), CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                 ne01, ne11, ne10,
-                alpha, src0_f16, CUDA_R_16F,   nb01/nb00, nb02/nb00, // strideA
-                       src1_f16, CUDA_R_16F,   s11,       s12,       // strideB
-                beta,     dst_t, cu_data_type, ne0,       ne1*ne0,   // strideC
+                alpha, src0_ptr, cu_data_type_a, nb01/nb00, sma,     // strideA
+                       src1_ptr, cu_data_type_b, s11,       smb,     // strideB
+                beta,     dst_t, cu_data_type,   ne0,       ne1*ne0, // strideC
                 ne12*ne13,
                 cu_compute_type,
                 CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
@@ -1904,35 +2018,221 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, co
         ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<const void *> ptrs_src(ctx.pool(), 2*ne23);
         ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<      void *> ptrs_dst(ctx.pool(), 1*ne23);
 
-        dim3 block_dims(ne13, ne12);
-        k_compute_batched_ptrs<<<1, block_dims, 0, main_stream>>>(
-                src0_f16, src1_f16, dst_t,
+        size_t src1_stride_size = sizeof(cuda_t);
+
+        const int threads_x = 16;
+        const int threads_y = 16;
+        dim3 block_dims(threads_x, threads_y);
+
+        dim3 grid_dims(
+            (ne13 + threads_x - 1) / threads_x,
+            (ne12 + threads_y - 1) / threads_y
+        );
+        k_compute_batched_ptrs<<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, main_stream>>>(
+                src0_ptr, src1_ptr, dst_t,
                 ptrs_src.get(), ptrs_dst.get(),
                 ne12, ne13,
                 ne23,
                 nb02, nb03,
-                src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? nb12 : s12*sizeof(half),
-                src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? nb13 : s13*sizeof(half),
+                (src1->type == src0_type) ? nb12 : s12*src1_stride_size,
+                (src1->type == src0_type) ? nb13 : s13*src1_stride_size,
                 nbd2, nbd3,
                 r2, r3);
+
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
 
         CUBLAS_CHECK(
         cublasGemmBatchedEx(ctx.cublas_handle(), CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                 ne01, ne11, ne10,
-                alpha, (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 0*ne23), CUDA_R_16F,   nb01/nb00,
-                       (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 1*ne23), CUDA_R_16F,   s11,
-                beta,  (      void **) (ptrs_dst.get() + 0*ne23), cu_data_type, ne0,
+                alpha, (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 0*ne23), cu_data_type_a, nb01/nb00,
+                       (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 1*ne23), cu_data_type_b, s11,
+                beta,  (      void **) (ptrs_dst.get() + 0*ne23), cu_data_type,   ne0,
                 ne23,
                 cu_compute_type,
                 CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
     }
-#endif
 
-    if (dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT && cu_data_type == CUDA_R_16F) {
-        const to_fp32_cuda_t to_fp32_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(GGML_TYPE_F16);
-        to_fp32_cuda(dst_f16.get(), dst_ddf, ne_dst, main_stream);
+    // Convert output back to F32 if needed
+    if (dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT && cu_data_type != CUDA_R_32F) {
+        const to_fp32_cuda_t to_fp32_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(traits::ggml_type_val);
+        to_fp32_cuda(dst_temp.get(), dst_ddf, ne_dst, main_stream);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas_impl<GGML_TYPE_F32>(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas_impl<GGML_TYPE_BF16>(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas_impl<GGML_TYPE_F16>(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type");
+    }
+}
+
+static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat(const ggml_tensor * ffn_up,
+                                          const ggml_tensor * ffn_gate,
+                                          const ggml_tensor * glu,
+                                          const ggml_tensor * ffn_up_bias = nullptr,
+                                          const ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_bias = nullptr) {
+    const bool has_bias = ffn_up_bias != nullptr || ffn_gate_bias != nullptr;
+
+    if (has_bias && (!ffn_up_bias || !ffn_gate_bias)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const bool is_mul_mat     = ffn_up->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT     && ffn_gate->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT     && glu->op == GGML_OP_GLU;
+    const bool is_mul_mat_id  = ffn_up->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID  && ffn_gate->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID  && glu->op == GGML_OP_GLU;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ffn_up && ffn_gate && glu);
+
+    if (!is_mul_mat && !is_mul_mat_id) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_op expected_bias_op = is_mul_mat ? GGML_OP_ADD : GGML_OP_ADD_ID;
+
+    if (has_bias) {
+        if (ffn_up_bias->op != expected_bias_op || ffn_gate_bias->op != expected_bias_op) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (glu->src[0] != ffn_gate_bias || glu->src[1] != ffn_up_bias) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (expected_bias_op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+            const bool up_has_mul   = ffn_up_bias->src[0] == ffn_up || ffn_up_bias->src[1] == ffn_up;
+            const bool gate_has_mul = ffn_gate_bias->src[0] == ffn_gate || ffn_gate_bias->src[1] == ffn_gate;
+            if (!up_has_mul || !gate_has_mul) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else { // GGML_OP_ADD_ID
+            if (ffn_up_bias->src[0] != ffn_up || ffn_gate_bias->src[0] != ffn_gate) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (ffn_up_bias->src[2] != ffn_up->src[2] || ffn_gate_bias->src[2] != ffn_gate->src[2]) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (glu->src[0] != ffn_gate && glu->src[1] != ffn_up) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ffn_up->src[0]->type != ffn_gate->src[0]->type || !ggml_are_same_shape(ffn_up->src[0], ffn_gate->src[0]) ||
+        !ggml_are_same_stride(ffn_up->src[0], ffn_gate->src[0])) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (ffn_up->src[1] != ffn_gate->src[1]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (ffn_up->src[2] && (ffn_up->src[2] != ffn_gate->src[2])) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr std::array<ggml_glu_op, 3> valid_glu_ops = { GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU, GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI };
+
+    if (std::find(valid_glu_ops.begin(), valid_glu_ops.end(), ggml_get_glu_op(glu)) == valid_glu_ops.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (const bool swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(glu, 1); swapped) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const bool split = ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(ffn_up->src[0]->buffer->buft) ||
+                       ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(ffn_gate->src[0]->buffer->buft);
+
+    //TODO: add support for fusion for split buffers
+    if (split) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_f(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    ggml_tensor *       src0 = tensor->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor *       src1 = tensor->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * dst  = tensor;
+
+    const bool is_mul_mat_id = tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID;
+
+    bool use_mul_mat_vec_f =
+        (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) &&
+        src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+
+    const int cc      = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
+    use_mul_mat_vec_f = use_mul_mat_vec_f && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src0->nb, is_mul_mat_id ? src1->ne[2] : src1->ne[1]);
+
+    const bool split = ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src0->buffer->buft) ||
+                       ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src1->buffer->buft);
+
+    //TODO: add support for fusion for split buffers
+    if (split) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    //we only support fusion for ncols_dst = 1
+    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && dst->ne[1] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && dst->ne[2] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    return use_mul_mat_vec_f;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_q(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    ggml_tensor *       src0 = tensor->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor *       src1 = tensor->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * dst  = tensor;
+
+    const bool bad_padding_clear = ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(src0->buffer) == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_COMPUTE &&
+                                   ggml_nbytes(src0) != ggml_backend_buffer_get_alloc_size(src0->buffer, src0) &&
+                                   src0->view_src;
+
+    bool use_mul_mat_vec_q = ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && !bad_padding_clear && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                             dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->ne[1] <= MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
+
+    // fusion is not universally faster on Pascal
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
+    if (cc <= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    //we only support fusion for ncols_dst = 1
+    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && dst->ne[1] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && dst->ne[2] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    const bool split = ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src0->buffer->buft) ||
+                       ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src1->buffer->buft);
+
+    //TODO: add support for fusion for split buffers
+    if (split) {
+        return false;
     }
+
+    return use_mul_mat_vec_q;
 }
 
 static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -1944,17 +2244,17 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
     const bool bad_padding_clear = ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(src0->buffer) == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_COMPUTE
         && ggml_nbytes(src0) != ggml_backend_buffer_get_alloc_size(src0->buffer, src0) && src0->view_src;
 
-    bool use_mul_mat_vec   = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16)
-        && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32
-        && src0->ne[0] % 2 == 0 && src1->ne[1] == 1;
+    bool use_mul_mat_vec_f = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16)
+        && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+    bool use_mul_mat_f     = !ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)
+        && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
     bool use_mul_mat_vec_q = ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && !bad_padding_clear
         && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32
         && src1->ne[1] <= MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
     bool use_mul_mat_q     = ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && !bad_padding_clear
         && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
 
-    bool any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   = false;
-    bool any_gpus_without_fp16_mma = false;
+    bool any_gpus_with_slow_fp16 = false;
 
     if (split) {
         ggml_backend_cuda_split_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_split_buffer_type_context *) src0->buffer->buft->context;
@@ -1965,16 +2265,20 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
                 continue;
             }
 
-            const int cc              = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
-            use_mul_mat_q             = use_mul_mat_q             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, src1->ne[1]);
-            any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   = any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   || !fast_fp16_hardware_available(cc);
-            any_gpus_without_fp16_mma = any_gpus_without_fp16_mma || !fp16_mma_hardware_available(cc);
+            const int cc            = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
+            const int warp_size     = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].warp_size;
+            use_mul_mat_q           = use_mul_mat_q             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, src1->ne[1], /*n_experts=*/0);
+            use_mul_mat_f           = use_mul_mat_f             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, warp_size, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1], /*mul_mat_id=*/false);
+            use_mul_mat_vec_f       = use_mul_mat_vec_f         && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1]);
+            any_gpus_with_slow_fp16 = any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   || !fast_fp16_hardware_available(cc);
         }
     } else {
-        const int cc              = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc;
-        use_mul_mat_q             = use_mul_mat_q             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, src1->ne[1]);
-        any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   = any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   || !fast_fp16_hardware_available(cc);
-        any_gpus_without_fp16_mma = any_gpus_without_fp16_mma || !fp16_mma_hardware_available(cc);
+        const int cc            = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc;
+        const int warp_size     = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].warp_size;
+        use_mul_mat_q           = use_mul_mat_q             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, src1->ne[1], /*n_experts=*/0);
+        use_mul_mat_f           = use_mul_mat_f             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, warp_size, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1], /*mul_mat_id=*/false);
+        use_mul_mat_vec_f       = use_mul_mat_vec_f         && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1]);
+        any_gpus_with_slow_fp16 = any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   || !fast_fp16_hardware_available(cc);
     }
 
     // debug helpers
@@ -1985,20 +2289,28 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
     //printf("src0 is contiguous %d, transposed %d, type = %s, name = %s\n", ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_transposed(src0), ggml_type_name(src0->type), src0->name);
     //printf("src1 is contiguous %d, transposed %d, type = %s, name = %s\n", ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_transposed(src1), ggml_type_name(src1->type), src1->name);
 
-    if (!split && use_mul_mat_vec && (src0->ne[1] <= MMV_MAX_ROWS || any_gpus_without_fp16_mma)) {
+    //TODO update for generic tensor parallelism
+    const int cc                 = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
+    bool use_batched_cublas_f16  = src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || !any_gpus_with_slow_fp16);
+    bool use_batched_cublas_bf16 = src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && bf16_mma_hardware_available(cc);
+    bool use_batched_cublas_f32  = src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+
+    if (!split && use_mul_mat_vec_f) {
         // the custom F16 vector kernel can be used over batched cuBLAS GEMM
         // but this is only faster for GPUs without tensor cores or with a thin src0 matrix (particularly KQV in attention)
-        ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec(ctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst);
+        ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_f(ctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst);
+    } else if (!split && use_mul_mat_f) {
+        ggml_cuda_mul_mat_f(ctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst);
     } else if (!split && use_mul_mat_vec_q) {
         ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(ctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst);
     } else if (!split && use_mul_mat_q) {
         ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q(ctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst);
-    } else if (!split && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || !any_gpus_with_slow_fp16) &&
-            !ggml_is_transposed(src0) && !ggml_is_transposed(src1) && src1->ne[2]*src1->ne[3] > 1) {
+    } else if (!split && (use_batched_cublas_f16 || use_batched_cublas_bf16 || use_batched_cublas_f32)
+        && !ggml_is_transposed(src0) && !ggml_is_transposed(src1) && src1->ne[2]*src1->ne[3] > 1) {
         // general KQ + KQV multi-batch without FlashAttention
         ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
-    } else if (use_mul_mat_vec) {
-        ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec, nullptr);
+    } else if (use_mul_mat_vec_f) {
+        ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec_f, nullptr);
     } else if (use_mul_mat_vec_q) {
         ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec_q, quantize_row_q8_1_cuda);
     } else if (use_mul_mat_q) {
@@ -2021,22 +2333,36 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *
 
     const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
 
+    // [TAG_MUL_MAT_ID_CUDA_GRAPHS]
     if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        if (ne2 == 1) {
+        static_assert(MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE == MMVF_MAX_BATCH_SIZE);
+        if (ne2 <= MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE) {
             if (ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) {
-                ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst);
+                if (ne2 <= MMVQ_MMID_MAX_BATCH_SIZE) {
+                    ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst);
+                    return;
+                }
             } else {
-                ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst);
+                if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
+                    ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_f(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst);
+                    return;
+                }
             }
-            return;
         }
 
-        if (ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, ne12)) {
+        if (ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, ne12, /*n_experts=*/ne02)) {
             ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst);
             return;
         }
+
+        if (ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, WARP_SIZE, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[2], /*mul_mat_id=*/true)) {
+            ggml_cuda_mul_mat_f(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst);
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
+    // note: this path should not be reached when recording CUDA graphs, because it requires stream synchronization
+    // TODO: add asserts to verify this. should work with CUDA, HIP, etc.
     cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
 
     GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % nb11 == 0);
@@ -2176,6 +2502,12 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS_BACK:
             ggml_cuda_op_get_rows_back(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            ggml_cuda_op_set_rows(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+            ggml_cuda_op_set(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
             ggml_cuda_dup(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2189,6 +2521,9 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_ADD1: // TODO: more efficient implementation
             ggml_cuda_op_add(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            ggml_cuda_op_add_id(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_SUB:
             ggml_cuda_op_sub(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2245,6 +2580,54 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
                     ggml_cuda_op_exp(ctx, dst);
                     break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_elu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_xielu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_floor(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_ceil(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_round(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_trunc(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_expm1(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_softplus(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(dst)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_reglu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_geglu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_swiglu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_swiglu_oai(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_geglu_erf(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_geglu_quick(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
@@ -2267,6 +2650,9 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_PAD:
             ggml_cuda_op_pad(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
+            ggml_cuda_op_pad_reflect_1d(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
             ggml_cuda_op_arange(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2321,6 +2707,9 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
         case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
                 break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            ggml_cuda_op_diag(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
             ggml_cuda_op_diag_mask_inf(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2336,9 +2725,18 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
             ggml_cuda_op_rope_back(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+            ggml_cuda_op_roll(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
             ggml_cuda_op_im2col(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+            ggml_cuda_op_im2col_3d(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+            ggml_cuda_op_conv2d(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
             ggml_cuda_op_conv2d_dw(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2354,15 +2752,24 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
             ggml_cuda_op_sum(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            ggml_cuda_op_cumsum(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
             ggml_cuda_op_sum_rows(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+            ggml_cuda_op_mean(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
             ggml_cuda_op_ssm_conv(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
             ggml_cuda_op_ssm_scan(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            ggml_cuda_op_top_k(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
             ggml_cuda_op_argsort(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2372,12 +2779,18 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
             ggml_cuda_cross_entropy_loss(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            ggml_cuda_op_tri(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
             ggml_cuda_op_rwkv_wkv6(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
             ggml_cuda_op_gated_linear_attn(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+            ggml_cuda_op_gated_delta_net(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
             ggml_cuda_op_rwkv_wkv7(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2387,6 +2800,15 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
             ggml_cuda_opt_step_adamw(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+            ggml_cuda_opt_step_sgd(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            ggml_cuda_op_solve_tri(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fill(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -2499,11 +2921,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_cuda_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
-static bool check_node_graph_compatibility_and_refresh_copy_ops(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
-    bool use_cuda_graph) {
+static bool ggml_cuda_graph_check_compability(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
 
+    bool use_cuda_graph = true;
     // Loop over nodes in GGML graph to obtain info needed for CUDA graph
-    cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->cpy_dest_ptrs.clear();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
         ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
@@ -2519,36 +2940,15 @@ static bool check_node_graph_compatibility_and_refresh_copy_ops(ggml_backend_cud
 #endif
         }
 
-        if (node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && node->ne[2] != 1) {
-            use_cuda_graph = false; // This node type is not supported by CUDA graph capture
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to unsupported node type\n", __func__);
-#endif
-        }
-
-        if (node->op == GGML_OP_ADD && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->ne[1] > 1) {
-            // disable CUDA graphs for batch size > 1 for now.
-            // Changes in batch size or context size can cause changes to the grid size of some kernels.
+        // [TAG_MUL_MAT_ID_CUDA_GRAPHS]
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && (!ggml_is_quantized(node->src[0]->type) || node->ne[2] > MMVQ_MMID_MAX_BATCH_SIZE)) {
+            // under these conditions, the mul_mat_id operation will need to synchronize the stream, so we cannot use CUDA graphs
+            // TODO: figure out a way to enable for larger batch sizes, without hurting performance
+            // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18958
             use_cuda_graph = false;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to batch size > 1 [%s] [%ld %ld %ld %ld]\n", __func__, node->name, node->ne[0], node->ne[1], node->ne[2], node->ne[3]);
-#endif
-        }
-
-        if (node->op == GGML_OP_CPY) {
-
-            // Store the pointers which are updated for each token, such that these can be sent
-            // to the device and accessed using indirection from CUDA graph
-            cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->cpy_dest_ptrs.push_back((char *) node->src[1]->data);
-
-            // store a pointer to each copy op CUDA kernel to identify it later
-            void * ptr = ggml_cuda_cpy_fn(node->src[0], node->src[1]);
-            if (!ptr) {
-                use_cuda_graph = false;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to unsupported copy op\n", __func__);
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to unsupported node type\n", __func__);
 #endif
-            }
         }
 
         if (!use_cuda_graph) {
@@ -2556,105 +2956,149 @@ static bool check_node_graph_compatibility_and_refresh_copy_ops(ggml_backend_cud
         }
     }
 
-    if (use_cuda_graph) {
-        cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->use_cpy_indirection = true;
-        // copy pointers to GPU so they can be accessed via indirection within CUDA graph
-        ggml_cuda_cpy_dest_ptrs_copy(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph.get(), cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->cpy_dest_ptrs.data(), cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->cpy_dest_ptrs.size(), cuda_ctx->stream());
-    }
-
     return use_cuda_graph;
 }
 
-static void set_ggml_graph_node_properties(ggml_tensor * node, ggml_graph_node_properties * graph_node_properties) {
-    graph_node_properties->node_address = node->data;
-    graph_node_properties->node_op = node->op;
+static void ggml_cuda_graph_node_set_properties(ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties * props, ggml_tensor * node) {
+    memset(props, 0, sizeof(ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties));
+    props->node_data = node->data;
+    props->node_op = node->op;
+    props->node_type = node->type;
+    props->flags = node->flags;
     for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        graph_node_properties->ne[i] = node->ne[i];
-        graph_node_properties->nb[i] = node->nb[i];
+        props->ne[i] = node->ne[i];
+        props->nb[i] = node->nb[i];
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
-        graph_node_properties->src_address[i] = node->src[i] ? node->src[i]->data : nullptr;
+        if (!node->src[i]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        props->src_data[i] = node->src[i]->data;
     }
-    memcpy(graph_node_properties->op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS);
+    memcpy(props->op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS);
 }
 
-static bool ggml_graph_node_has_matching_properties(ggml_tensor * node, ggml_graph_node_properties * graph_node_properties) {
-    if (node->data != graph_node_properties->node_address &&
-          node->op != GGML_OP_CPY &&
-          node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+static bool ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties_match(ggml_tensor * node, ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties * props) {
+    if (node->data != props->node_data && node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (node->op != graph_node_properties->node_op) {
+    if (node->op != props->node_op) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (node->type != props->node_type) {
         return false;
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        if (node->ne[i] != graph_node_properties->ne[i]) {
+        if (node->ne[i] != props->ne[i]) {
             return false;
         }
-        if (node->nb[i] != graph_node_properties->nb[i]) {
+        if (node->nb[i] != props->nb[i]) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
-        if (node->src[i] &&
-            node->src[i]->data != graph_node_properties->src_address[i] &&
-            node->op != GGML_OP_CPY &&
-            node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW
-        ) {
-            return false;
+    if (node->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            if (!node->src[i]) {
+                if (props->src_data[i] != nullptr) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (node->src[i]->data != props->src_data[i]) {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    if (node->op == GGML_OP_SCALE &&
-        memcmp(graph_node_properties->op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS) != 0) {
+    if (memcmp(props->op_params, node->op_params, GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) != (props->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool is_cuda_graph_update_required(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+static const void * ggml_cuda_graph_get_key(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    return cgraph->nodes[0];
+}
 
-    bool cuda_graph_update_required = false;
+static bool ggml_cuda_graph_update_required(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    bool res = false;
 
-    if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance == nullptr) {
-        cuda_graph_update_required = true;
-    }
+    const void * graph_key = ggml_cuda_graph_get_key(cgraph);
+    ggml_cuda_graph * graph = cuda_ctx->cuda_graph(graph_key);
 
     // Check if the graph size has changed
-    if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->ggml_graph_properties.size() != (size_t)cgraph->n_nodes) {
-        cuda_graph_update_required = true;
-        cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->ggml_graph_properties.resize(cgraph->n_nodes);
+    if (graph->props.size() != (size_t)cgraph->n_nodes) {
+        res = true;
+        graph->props.resize(cgraph->n_nodes);
     }
 
     // Loop over nodes in GGML graph to determine if CUDA graph update is required
     // and store properties to allow this comparison for the next token
+    std::unordered_set<ggml_tensor *> seen_node;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> srcs_extra;
     for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-        bool has_matching_properties = true;
-        if (!cuda_graph_update_required) {
-            has_matching_properties = ggml_graph_node_has_matching_properties(cgraph->nodes[i], &cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->ggml_graph_properties[i]);
+        bool props_match = true;
+
+        seen_node.insert(cgraph->nodes[i]);
+
+        if (!res) {
+            props_match = ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties_match(cgraph->nodes[i], &graph->props[i]);
+        }
+        if (!props_match) {
+            res = true;
+        }
+        ggml_cuda_graph_node_set_properties(&graph->props[i], cgraph->nodes[i]);
+
+        for (int src_idx = 0; src_idx < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++src_idx) {
+            ggml_tensor * src = cgraph->nodes[i]->src[src_idx];
+            if (src && seen_node.find(src) == seen_node.end()) {
+                srcs_extra.push_back(src);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (graph->extra.size() != (size_t) srcs_extra.size()) {
+        res = true;
+        graph->extra.resize(srcs_extra.size());
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < srcs_extra.size(); ++i) {
+        bool props_match = true;
+
+        if (!res) {
+            props_match = ggml_cuda_graph_node_properties_match(srcs_extra[i], &graph->extra[i]);
         }
-        if (!has_matching_properties) {
-            cuda_graph_update_required = true;
+
+        if (!props_match) {
+            res = true;
         }
-        set_ggml_graph_node_properties(cgraph->nodes[i], &cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->ggml_graph_properties[i]);
+        ggml_cuda_graph_node_set_properties(&graph->extra[i], srcs_extra[i]);
     }
 
-    return cuda_graph_update_required;
+    return res;
 }
 
-static void update_cuda_graph_executable(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx) {
+static void ggml_cuda_graph_update_executable(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, const void * graph_key) {
+    ggml_cuda_graph * graph = cuda_ctx->cuda_graph(graph_key);
 
 #if CUDART_VERSION >= 12000
     cudaGraphExecUpdateResultInfo result_info;
-    cudaError_t stat = cudaGraphExecUpdate(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph, &result_info);
+    cudaError_t stat = cudaGraphExecUpdate(graph->instance, graph->graph, &result_info);
 #else
     cudaGraphNode_t errorNode;
     cudaGraphExecUpdateResult result_info;
-    cudaError_t stat = cudaGraphExecUpdate(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph, &errorNode, &result_info);
+    cudaError_t stat = cudaGraphExecUpdate(graph->instance, graph->graph, &errorNode, &result_info);
 #endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 12000
 
     if (stat == cudaErrorGraphExecUpdateFailure) {
@@ -2665,31 +3109,910 @@ static void update_cuda_graph_executable(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx) {
         // The pre-existing graph exec cannot be updated due to violated constraints
         // so instead clear error and re-instantiate
         (void)cudaGetLastError();
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphExecDestroy(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance));
-        cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance = nullptr;
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphInstantiate(&cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph, NULL, NULL, 0));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphExecDestroy(graph->instance));
+        graph->instance = nullptr;
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphInstantiate(&graph->instance, graph->graph, NULL, NULL, 0));
     } else {
         GGML_ASSERT(stat == cudaSuccess);
     }
 }
+#endif // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+
+static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_rope_set_rows(const ggml_tensor * rope,
+                                                const ggml_tensor * view,
+                                                const ggml_tensor * set_rows) {
+
+    if (rope->op != GGML_OP_ROPE || view->op != GGML_OP_VIEW || set_rows->op != GGML_OP_SET_ROWS) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // ne3 not tested
+    if (rope->src[0]->ne[3] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (set_rows->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && set_rows->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (set_rows->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // The view should flatten two dims of rope into one dim
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(view) || view->ne[0] != rope->ne[0] * rope->ne[1]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Only norm/neox shaders have the fusion code
+    const int mode = ((const int32_t *) rope->op_params)[2];
+    if (mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_cuda_topk_moe_fusion(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, ggml_cuda_topk_moe_args & args) {
+    args.sigmoid         = false;
+    args.softmax         = false;
+    args.delayed_softmax = false;
+    args.prob_bias       = false;
+    args.norm            = false;
+
+    const int      n_nodes = cgraph->n_nodes;
+    ggml_tensor ** nodes   = cgraph->nodes;
+
+    if (nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
+        args.softmax = true;
+    }
+
+    if (nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_UNARY) {
+        if (ggml_get_unary_op(nodes[node_idx]) != GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        args.sigmoid = true;
+    }
+
+    if (nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_ARGSORT) {
+        args.delayed_softmax = true;
+    }
+
+    node_idx++;
+
+    if (args.sigmoid || args.softmax) {
+        // SOFTMAX -> RESHAPE
+        if (node_idx >= n_nodes || nodes[node_idx]->op != GGML_OP_RESHAPE ||
+                nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * probs_reshaped = nodes[node_idx];
+        node_idx++;
+
+        if (node_idx >= n_nodes) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // src of bias add is the unreshaped probs (-2 instead of -1)
+        if (nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_ADD && nodes[node_idx]->src[0] == nodes[node_idx - 2]) {
+            args.prob_bias = true;
+            node_idx++;
+        }
+        // RESHAPE/ADD -> ARGSORT
+        if (node_idx >= n_nodes || nodes[node_idx]->op != GGML_OP_ARGSORT) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (args.prob_bias && nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (!args.prob_bias && nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 2]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        node_idx++;
+
+        // ARGSORT-> VIEW
+        if (node_idx >= n_nodes || nodes[node_idx]->op != GGML_OP_VIEW ||
+                nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        node_idx++;
+
+        if (node_idx >= n_nodes || nodes[node_idx]->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // GET_ROWS
+        if (nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != probs_reshaped || nodes[node_idx]->src[1] != nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        node_idx++;
+    } else if (args.delayed_softmax) {
+        if (node_idx - 2 < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * probs_reshaped = nodes[node_idx - 2];
+
+        // VIEW->ARGSORT
+        if (node_idx >= n_nodes || nodes[node_idx]->op != GGML_OP_VIEW ||
+            nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        node_idx++;
+
+        // GET_ROWS
+        if (node_idx >= n_nodes || nodes[node_idx]->src[1] != nodes[node_idx - 1] ||
+                nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != probs_reshaped) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        node_idx++;
+
+        static const std::vector<ggml_op> remaining_ops = { GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX, GGML_OP_RESHAPE };
+
+        for (const ggml_op op : remaining_ops) {
+            if (node_idx >= n_nodes || nodes[node_idx]->op != op || nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            node_idx++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // At this point we can check for norm + scale. Everything is now at least valid till the norm
+    if (node_idx >= n_nodes) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE) {
+        //check RESHAPE->SUM_ROWS->CLAMP->DIV->RESHAPE
+        static const std::vector<ggml_op> norm_ops = { GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS, GGML_OP_CLAMP };
+
+        args.norm = true;
+        for (const ggml_op op : norm_ops) {
+            if (nodes[node_idx]->op == op && nodes[node_idx]->src[0] == nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+                node_idx++;
+            } else {
+                args.norm = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // DIV <- CLAMP, RESHAPE
+        if (nodes[node_idx]->op != GGML_OP_DIV || nodes[node_idx]->src[1] != nodes[node_idx - 1] ||
+            nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 3]) {
+            args.norm = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+        node_idx++;
+
+        if (nodes[node_idx]->op != GGML_OP_RESHAPE || nodes[node_idx]->src[0] != nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+            args.norm = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        node_idx++;
+    }
+
+    if (nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_SCALE && nodes[node_idx]->src[0] == nodes[node_idx - 1]) {
+        args.scale = true;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_cuda_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph *                cgraph,
+                               int                                       node_idx,
+                               std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op>       ops,
+                               std::initializer_list<enum ggml_unary_op> unary_ops) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const size_t num_unary = std::count(ops.begin(), ops.end(), GGML_OP_UNARY);
+    GGML_ASSERT(unary_ops.size() == num_unary);
 #endif
 
-static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
-    bool & graph_evaluated_or_captured, bool & use_cuda_graph, bool & cuda_graph_update_required) {
+    const auto is_equal = [](const std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> & list1,
+                             const std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> & list2) {
+        return std::equal(list1.begin(), list1.end(), list2.begin(), list2.end());
+    };
+
+    std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> mul_mat_bias_glu_ops    = { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT,    GGML_OP_ADD,    GGML_OP_MUL_MAT,    GGML_OP_ADD,    GGML_OP_GLU };
+    std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> mul_mat_id_bias_glu_ops = { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID, GGML_OP_ADD_ID, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID, GGML_OP_ADD_ID, GGML_OP_GLU };
+
+    std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> mul_mat_id_glu_ops = { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID, GGML_OP_GLU };
+    std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> mul_mat_glu_ops    = { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT,    GGML_OP_MUL_MAT,    GGML_OP_GLU };
+
+    if ((is_equal(mul_mat_bias_glu_ops, ops) || is_equal(mul_mat_id_bias_glu_ops, ops)) &&
+        ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, node_idx, ops, { node_idx + 4 })) {
+        const ggml_tensor * ffn_gate      = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_bias = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor * ffn_up        = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+        const ggml_tensor * ffn_up_bias   = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 3];
+        const ggml_tensor * glu           = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 4];
+
+        if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat(ffn_up, ffn_gate, glu, ffn_up_bias, ffn_gate_bias)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((is_equal(mul_mat_id_glu_ops, ops) || is_equal(mul_mat_glu_ops, ops)) &&
+        ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, node_idx, ops, { node_idx + 2 })) {
+        const ggml_tensor * ffn_gate = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor * ffn_up   = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor * glu      = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+
+        if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat(ffn_up, ffn_gate, glu)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> rope_set_rows_ops = { GGML_OP_ROPE, GGML_OP_VIEW, GGML_OP_SET_ROWS };
+
+    if (is_equal(rope_set_rows_ops, ops) && ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, node_idx, ops, { node_idx + 2 })) {
+        const ggml_tensor * rope     = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor * view     = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor * set_rows = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+
+        if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_rope_set_rows(rope, view, set_rows)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, ops)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if ((ops.size() == 2 || ops.size() == 3) && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL) {
+        const ggml_tensor *rms_norm = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *mul      = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+        const ggml_tensor *add      = nullptr;
+
+        if (ops.size() == 3 && ops.begin()[2] == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+            add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+2];
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+        //rms norm only supports F32
+        if (mul->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            mul->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            mul->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (add && (add->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            add->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            add->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //if rms norm is the B operand, then we don't handle broadcast
+        if (rms_norm == mul->src[1] && !ggml_are_same_shape(mul->src[0], rms_norm)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //rms_norm kernel assumes contiguous rows
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous_rows(mul->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous_rows(mul->src[1])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (add && (!ggml_is_contiguous(add->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous_rows(add->src[1]))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_SSM_CONV && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_UNARY
+     && unary_ops.size() == 1 && unary_ops.begin()[0] == GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU) {
+        const ggml_tensor * ssm_conv = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor * silu     = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+
+        if (ssm_conv->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || silu->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_UNARY && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL
+     && unary_ops.size() == 1 && (unary_ops.begin()[0] == GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU || unary_ops.begin()[0] == GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID || unary_ops.begin()[0] == GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS)) {
+        const ggml_tensor * unary = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor * mul   = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+
+        if (ggml_get_unary_op(unary) != unary_ops.begin()[0]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (unary->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && unary->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (unary->type != mul->type) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const ggml_tensor * other = (mul->src[0] == unary) ? mul->src[1] : mul->src[0];
+        if (other->type != unary->type) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous_1(other) || !ggml_is_contiguous_1(unary->src[0]) || !ggml_are_same_shape(other, unary)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (ops.size() == 3 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_SCALE && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_UNARY && ops.begin()[2] == GGML_OP_SCALE
+     && unary_ops.size() == 1 && unary_ops.begin()[0] == GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH) {
+        const ggml_tensor *scale  = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *tanh   = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+        const ggml_tensor *scale2 = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+2];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(scale->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        GGML_ASSERT(scale->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+        if (ggml_get_unary_op(tanh) != GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check for bias
+        if (ggml_get_op_params_f32(scale, 1) != 0.0f || ggml_get_op_params_f32(scale2, 1) != 0.0f) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+// returns whether the write (out) nodes overwrite the read nodes in operation
+static bool ggml_cuda_check_fusion_memory_ranges(ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                                 int           node_idx,
+                                                 int           node_count,
+                                                 int *         out_nodes,
+                                                 int           out_count) {
+    auto nodes_overlap = [&](const ggml_tensor * a, const ggml_tensor * b) {
+        const int64_t a_start = (int64_t) a->data;
+        const int64_t a_end   = a_start + ggml_nbytes(a);
+
+        const int64_t b_start = (int64_t) b->data;
+        const int64_t b_end   = b_start + ggml_nbytes(b);
+
+        if ((b_start <= a_start && a_start < b_end) || (a_start <= b_start && b_start < a_end)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    bool is_ok = true;
+    // for nrows=1, all fusion operations correctly read the src before writing dst or do it elementwise, so we should be ok
+    if (ggml_nrows(cgraph->nodes[node_idx]) == 1) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < out_count; ++i) {
+        const ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[out_nodes[i]];
+
+        for (int j = node_idx; j < node_idx + node_count; ++j) {
+            // Loop over all srcs of all nodes in the fusion. If the src overlaps
+            // the destination and the src is not an intermediate node that's being
+            // elided, then disable fusion.
+
+            for (int src_idx = 0; src_idx < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++src_idx) {
+                const ggml_tensor * src = cgraph->nodes[j]->src[src_idx];
+
+                if (!src || src->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (nodes_overlap(dst, src)) {
+                    bool found = false;
+
+                    for (int k = node_idx; k < j; ++k) {
+                        if (cgraph->nodes[k] == src) {
+                            found = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (!found) {
+                        is_ok = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return is_ok;
+}
+
+static void ggml_cuda_graph_evaluate_and_capture(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, const bool use_cuda_graph, const bool cuda_graph_update_required, const void * graph_key) {
+    bool graph_evaluated_or_captured = false;
+
     // flag used to determine whether it is an integrated_gpu
-    const bool integrated = ggml_cuda_info().devices[cuda_ctx->device].integrated;
+    const bool integrated            = ggml_cuda_info().devices[cuda_ctx->device].integrated;
+
+    ggml_cuda_stream_context & stream_ctx = cuda_ctx->stream_context();
+    bool                         is_concurrent_event_active = false;
+    ggml_cuda_concurrent_event * concurrent_event           = nullptr;
+    bool                         should_launch_concurrent_events = false;
+
+    const auto try_launch_concurrent_event = [&](const ggml_tensor * node) {
+        if (stream_ctx.concurrent_events.find(node) != stream_ctx.concurrent_events.end()) {
+            concurrent_event = &stream_ctx.concurrent_events[node];
+
+            is_concurrent_event_active = true;
+
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Launching %d streams at %s\n", concurrent_event->n_streams, node->name);
+
+            cudaStream_t main_stream = cuda_ctx->stream();  // this should be stream 0
+            GGML_ASSERT(cuda_ctx->curr_stream_no == 0);
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaEventRecord(concurrent_event->fork_event, main_stream));
+
+            for (int i = 1; i <= concurrent_event->n_streams; ++i) {
+                cudaStream_t stream = cuda_ctx->stream(cuda_ctx->device, i);
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamWaitEvent(stream, concurrent_event->fork_event));
+            }
+        }
+    };
 
     while (!graph_evaluated_or_captured) {
         // Only perform the graph execution if CUDA graphs are not enabled, or we are capturing the graph.
         // With the use of CUDA graphs, the execution will be performed by the graph launch.
         if (!use_cuda_graph || cuda_graph_update_required) {
+            [[maybe_unused]] int prev_i = 0;
+
+            if (stream_ctx.concurrent_events.size() > 0) {
+                should_launch_concurrent_events = true;
+                for (const auto & [tensor, event] : stream_ctx.concurrent_events) {
+                    should_launch_concurrent_events = should_launch_concurrent_events && event.is_valid();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (should_launch_concurrent_events) {
+                // Restore original node order within each concurrent region to enable fusion within streams
+
+                std::unordered_map<const ggml_tensor *, int> node_to_idx;
+                node_to_idx.reserve(cgraph->n_nodes);
+                for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+                    node_to_idx[cgraph->nodes[i]] = i;
+                }
+
+                for (auto & [fork_node, event] : stream_ctx.concurrent_events) {
+                    // Find positions of all nodes from this event in the current graph
+                    std::vector<int> positions;
+                    positions.reserve(event.original_order.size());
+
+                    bool all_found = true;
+                    for (const ggml_tensor * orig_node : event.original_order) {
+                        auto it = node_to_idx.find(orig_node);
+                        if (it != node_to_idx.end()) {
+                            positions.push_back(it->second);
+                        } else {
+                            all_found = false;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (!all_found || positions.size() != event.original_order.size()) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Sort positions to get contiguous range
+                    std::vector<int> sorted_positions = positions;
+                    std::sort(sorted_positions.begin(), sorted_positions.end());
+
+                    bool is_contiguous = true;
+                    for (size_t i = 1; i < sorted_positions.size(); ++i) {
+                        if (sorted_positions[i] != sorted_positions[i-1] + 1) {
+                            is_contiguous = false;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (!is_contiguous) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Restore original order at the sorted positions
+                    int start_pos = sorted_positions[0];
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < event.original_order.size(); ++i) {
+                        cgraph->nodes[start_pos + i] = const_cast<ggml_tensor *>(event.original_order[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                stream_ctx.concurrent_events.clear();
+            }
+
             for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
                 ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                if (is_concurrent_event_active) {
+                    GGML_ASSERT(concurrent_event);
+
+                    if (node == concurrent_event->join_node) {
+                        cuda_ctx->curr_stream_no = 0;
+                        for (int i = 1; i <= concurrent_event->n_streams; ++i) {
+                            // Wait on join events of forked streams in the main stream
+                            CUDA_CHECK(cudaEventRecord(concurrent_event->join_events[i - 1],
+                                                       cuda_ctx->stream(cuda_ctx->device, i)));
+                            CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamWaitEvent(cuda_ctx->stream(), concurrent_event->join_events[i - 1]));
+                        }
+
+                        is_concurrent_event_active = false;
+                        concurrent_event           = nullptr;
+                    } else {
+                        GGML_ASSERT (concurrent_event->stream_mapping.find(node) != concurrent_event->stream_mapping.end());
+                        cuda_ctx->curr_stream_no = concurrent_event->stream_mapping[node];
+                        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Setting stream no to %d for node %s\n", cuda_ctx->curr_stream_no, node->name);
+                    }
+                } else if (i - prev_i > 1) {
+                    //the previous node was fused
+                    const ggml_tensor * prev_node = cgraph->nodes[i - 1];
+                    try_launch_concurrent_event(prev_node);
+
+                    if (is_concurrent_event_active) {
+                        cuda_ctx->curr_stream_no = concurrent_event->stream_mapping[node];
+                        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Setting stream no to %d for node %s\n", cuda_ctx->curr_stream_no, node->name);
+                    }
+                }
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DEBUG
+                const int nodes_fused = i - prev_i - 1;
+                if (nodes_fused > 0) {
+                    GGML_LOG_INFO("nodes_fused: %d\n", nodes_fused);
+                }
+#endif
+                prev_i = i;
 
                 if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
+                if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // start of fusion operations
+                static bool disable_fusion = (getenv("GGML_CUDA_DISABLE_FUSION") != nullptr);
+                if (!disable_fusion) {
+                    ggml_cuda_topk_moe_args args;
+
+                    if (cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_UNARY || cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX ||
+                        cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_ARGSORT) {
+                        const bool can_fuse = ggml_cuda_topk_moe_fusion(cgraph, i, args);
+
+                        std::vector<ggml_op> ops;
+
+                        if (can_fuse) {
+                            const ggml_tensor * logits  = node->src[0];
+                            ggml_tensor *       weights = nullptr;
+                            ggml_tensor *       ids     = nullptr;
+                            const ggml_tensor * bias    = nullptr;
+                            const ggml_tensor * clamp   = nullptr;
+                            const ggml_tensor * scale   = nullptr;
+
+                            if (!args.delayed_softmax) {
+                                ggml_op gating_op = args.sigmoid ? GGML_OP_UNARY : GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX;
+                                int     out_nodes[2];  // nodes which can't be elided
+
+                                if (args.prob_bias) {
+                                    bias = cgraph->nodes[i + 2]->src[1];
+                                    ops.insert(ops.end(), { gating_op, GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_ADD, GGML_OP_ARGSORT,
+                                                            GGML_OP_VIEW, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS });
+                                    out_nodes[0] = i + 4;
+                                    ids          = cgraph->nodes[i + 4];
+                                } else {
+                                    ops.insert(ops.end(), { gating_op, GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_ARGSORT, GGML_OP_VIEW,
+                                                            GGML_OP_GET_ROWS });
+                                    out_nodes[0] = i + 3;
+                                    ids          = cgraph->nodes[i + 3];
+                                }
+
+                                if (args.norm) {
+                                    ops.insert(ops.end(), { GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS, GGML_OP_CLAMP,
+                                                            GGML_OP_DIV, GGML_OP_RESHAPE });
+                                    clamp = cgraph->nodes[i + ops.size() - 3];
+                                }
+                                if (args.scale) {
+                                    ops.insert(ops.end(), { GGML_OP_SCALE });
+                                    scale = cgraph->nodes[i + ops.size() - 1];
+                                }
+
+                                weights      = cgraph->nodes[i + ops.size() - 1];
+                                out_nodes[1] = i + ops.size() - 1;
+
+                                if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, ops.size(), ops.data(), out_nodes, 2) &&
+                                    ggml_cuda_should_use_topk_moe(node, logits, weights, ids) &&
+                                    ggml_cuda_check_fusion_memory_ranges(cgraph, i, ops.size(), out_nodes, 2)) {
+                                    ggml_cuda_op_topk_moe(*cuda_ctx, logits, weights, ids, clamp, scale, bias, args);
+                                    i += ops.size() - 1;
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                            } else if (!args.norm && !args.prob_bias) {
+                                //special case gpt-oss, no norm, no bias.
+                                ops.insert(ops.end(), { GGML_OP_ARGSORT, GGML_OP_VIEW, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS,
+                                                        GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX, GGML_OP_RESHAPE });
+                                weights                     = cgraph->nodes[i + 5];
+                                ids                         = cgraph->nodes[i + 1];
+                                const ggml_tensor * softmax = cgraph->nodes[i + 4];
+
+                                int out_nodes[2] = { i + 1, i + 5 };
+                                if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, ops.size(), ops.data(), out_nodes, 2) &&
+                                    ggml_cuda_should_use_topk_moe(softmax, logits, weights, ids) &&
+                                    ggml_cuda_check_fusion_memory_ranges(cgraph, i, ops.size(), out_nodes, 2)) {
+                                    ggml_cuda_op_topk_moe(*cuda_ctx, logits, weights, ids, clamp, scale, bias, args);
+                                    i += ops.size() - 1;
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_ROPE, GGML_OP_VIEW, GGML_OP_SET_ROWS }, {})) {
+                        ggml_tensor * rope = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                        ggml_tensor * set_rows = cgraph->nodes[i + 2];
+
+                        ggml_cuda_op_rope_fused(*cuda_ctx, rope, set_rows);
+                        i += 2;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (node->op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+                        int n_fuse = 0;
+                        ggml_op ops[8];
+                        std::fill(ops, ops + 8, GGML_OP_ADD);
+
+                        for (; n_fuse <= 6; ++n_fuse){
+                            if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, i + n_fuse, ops + n_fuse, 2)) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse] != cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse + 1]->src[0]) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (!ggml_are_same_layout(cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse]->src[1], cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse + 1]->src[1])) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        n_fuse++;
+
+                        if (n_fuse > 1) {
+                            ggml_tensor fused_add_node;
+                            memcpy(&fused_add_node, node, sizeof(ggml_tensor));
+                            for (int j = 0; j < n_fuse - 1; ++j) {
+                                fused_add_node.src[j + 2] = cgraph->nodes[i + j + 1]->src[1];
+                            }
+                            fused_add_node.data = cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse - 1]->data;
+                            ggml_cuda_op_fused_add(*cuda_ctx, &fused_add_node, n_fuse);
+                            i += n_fuse - 1;
+
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    bool fused_mul_mat_vec = false;
+                    int fused_node_count = 0;
+
+                    for (ggml_op op : { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID }) {
+                        const ggml_op bias_op = op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT ? GGML_OP_ADD : GGML_OP_ADD_ID;
+
+                        if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { op, bias_op, op, bias_op, GGML_OP_GLU }, {})) {
+                            ggml_tensor * glu         = cgraph->nodes[i + 4];
+                            ggml_tensor * gate_bias_n = glu->src[0];
+                            ggml_tensor * up_bias_n   = glu->src[1];
+
+                            //we don't assume the order for {gate, up}. Instead infer it from the bias tensor
+                            ggml_tensor * gate_n      = nullptr;
+                            ggml_tensor * up_n        = nullptr;
+
+                            if (gate_bias_n->src[0] == cgraph->nodes[i] || gate_bias_n->src[1] == cgraph->nodes[i]) {
+                                gate_n = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                                up_n   = cgraph->nodes[i + 2];
+                            } else if (gate_bias_n->src[0] == cgraph->nodes[i + 2] || gate_bias_n->src[1] == cgraph->nodes[i + 2]) {
+                                gate_n = cgraph->nodes[i + 2];
+                                up_n   = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                            } else {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            auto get_bias_tensor = [](const ggml_tensor * bias_node, const ggml_tensor * mul_node, ggml_op op_bias) {
+                                if (op_bias == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+                                    if (bias_node->src[0] == mul_node) {
+                                        return bias_node->src[1];
+                                    }
+                                    if (bias_node->src[1] == mul_node) {
+                                        return bias_node->src[0];
+                                    }
+                                    return (ggml_tensor *) nullptr;
+                                }
+                                GGML_ASSERT(op_bias == GGML_OP_ADD_ID);
+                                GGML_ASSERT(bias_node->src[0] == mul_node);
+                                return bias_node->src[1];
+                            };
+
+                            ggml_tensor * up_bias_tensor   = get_bias_tensor(up_bias_n, up_n, bias_op);
+                            ggml_tensor * gate_bias_tensor = get_bias_tensor(gate_bias_n, gate_n, bias_op);
+
+                            if (!up_bias_tensor || !gate_bias_tensor) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // we don't support repeating adds
+                            if (bias_op == GGML_OP_ADD &&
+                                (!ggml_are_same_shape(gate_bias_n->src[0], gate_bias_n->src[1]) ||
+                                 !ggml_are_same_shape(up_bias_n->src[0], up_bias_n->src[1]))) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            const ggml_tensor * src0 = up_n->src[0];
+                            const ggml_tensor * src1 = up_n->src[1];
+                            const ggml_tensor * ids  = up_n->src[2];
+
+                            if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_f(up_n)) {
+                                ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host fusion_data{};
+                                fusion_data.gate      = gate_n->src[0];
+                                fusion_data.x_bias    = up_bias_tensor;
+                                fusion_data.gate_bias = gate_bias_tensor;
+                                fusion_data.glu_op    = ggml_get_glu_op(glu);
+
+                                ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_f(*cuda_ctx, src0, src1, ids, glu, &fusion_data);
+                                fused_mul_mat_vec = true;
+                                fused_node_count = 5;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_q(up_n)) {
+                                ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host fusion_data{};
+                                fusion_data.gate      = gate_n->src[0];
+                                fusion_data.x_bias    = up_bias_tensor;
+                                fusion_data.gate_bias = gate_bias_tensor;
+                                fusion_data.glu_op    = ggml_get_glu_op(glu);
+
+                                ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(*cuda_ctx, src0, src1, ids, glu, &fusion_data);
+                                fused_mul_mat_vec = true;
+                                fused_node_count = 5;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        } else if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { op, op, GGML_OP_GLU }, {})) {
+                            ggml_tensor * glu  = cgraph->nodes[i + 2];
+                            ggml_tensor * gate = glu->src[0];
+                            ggml_tensor * up   = glu->src[1];
+
+                            bool ok = (gate == cgraph->nodes[i] && up == cgraph->nodes[i + 1])
+                                || (gate == cgraph->nodes[i + 1] && up == cgraph->nodes[i]);
+
+                            if (!ok) continue;
+
+                            const ggml_tensor * src0 = up->src[0];
+                            const ggml_tensor * src1 = up->src[1];
+                            const ggml_tensor * ids  = up->src[2];
+
+                            if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_f(up)) {
+                                ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host fusion_data{};
+                                fusion_data.gate   = gate->src[0];
+                                fusion_data.glu_op = ggml_get_glu_op(glu);
+
+                                ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_f(*cuda_ctx, src0, src1, ids, glu, &fusion_data);
+                                fused_mul_mat_vec = true;
+                                fused_node_count = 3;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_q(up)) {
+                                ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host fusion_data{};
+                                fusion_data.gate   = gate->src[0];
+                                fusion_data.glu_op = ggml_get_glu_op(glu);
+
+                                ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(*cuda_ctx, src0, src1, ids, glu, &fusion_data);
+                                fused_mul_mat_vec = true;
+                                fused_node_count = 3;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (fused_mul_mat_vec) {
+                        i += fused_node_count - 1;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    fused_mul_mat_vec = false;
+                    fused_node_count = 0;
+
+                    for (ggml_op op : { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID }) {
+                        const ggml_op bias_op = op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT ? GGML_OP_ADD : GGML_OP_ADD_ID;
+
+                        if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { op, bias_op })) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        ggml_tensor * mm_node   = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                        ggml_tensor * bias_node = cgraph->nodes[i + 1];
+
+                        ggml_tensor * bias_tensor = nullptr;
+                        if (bias_op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+                            if (bias_node->src[0] == mm_node) {
+                                bias_tensor = bias_node->src[1];
+                            } else if (bias_node->src[1] == mm_node) {
+                                bias_tensor = bias_node->src[0];
+                            } else {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            if (bias_node->src[0] != mm_node) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            bias_tensor = bias_node->src[1];
+                        }
+
+                        const ggml_tensor * src0 = mm_node->src[0];
+                        const ggml_tensor * src1 = mm_node->src[1];
+                        const ggml_tensor * ids  = mm_node->src[2];
+
+                        if (bias_op == GGML_OP_ADD_ID && bias_node->src[2] != ids) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (bias_op == GGML_OP_ADD && !ggml_are_same_shape(bias_node->src[0], bias_node->src[1])) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host fusion_data{};
+                        fusion_data.x_bias = bias_tensor;
+
+                        if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_f(mm_node)) {
+                            ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_f(*cuda_ctx, src0, src1, ids, bias_node, &fusion_data);
+                            fused_mul_mat_vec = true;
+                            fused_node_count = 2;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_q(mm_node)) {
+                            ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(*cuda_ctx, src0, src1, ids, bias_node, &fusion_data);
+                            fused_mul_mat_vec = true;
+                            fused_node_count = 2;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (fused_mul_mat_vec) {
+                        i += fused_node_count - 1;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_ADD}, {})) {
+                        ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused_add(*cuda_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1], cgraph->nodes[i+2]);
+                        i += 2;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL}, {})) {
+                        ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused(*cuda_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1]);
+                        i++;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_SSM_CONV, GGML_OP_UNARY }, { GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU })) {
+                        ggml_cuda_op_ssm_conv(*cuda_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1]);
+                        i++;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_UNARY, GGML_OP_MUL }, { GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU }) ||
+                        ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_UNARY, GGML_OP_MUL }, { GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID }) ||
+                        ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_UNARY, GGML_OP_MUL }, { GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS })) {
+                        ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul(*cuda_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1]);
+                        i++;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_SCALE, GGML_OP_UNARY, GGML_OP_SCALE }, { GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH })) {
+                        i += 2;
+                        ggml_cuda_op_softcap(*cuda_ctx, cgraph->nodes[i], node);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
 #ifndef NDEBUG
                 assert(node->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cuda_buffer_type(cuda_ctx->device));
                 for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
@@ -2701,24 +4024,29 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx
                 }
 #else
                 GGML_UNUSED(integrated);
-#endif // NDEBUG
+#endif  // NDEBUG
 
                 bool ok = ggml_cuda_compute_forward(*cuda_ctx, node);
                 if (!ok) {
                     GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: op not supported %s (%s)\n", __func__, node->name, ggml_op_name(node->op));
                 }
                 GGML_ASSERT(ok);
+
+                if (!is_concurrent_event_active) {
+                    try_launch_concurrent_event(node);
+               }
             }
         }
 
 #ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+        ggml_cuda_graph * graph = cuda_ctx->cuda_graph(graph_key);
         if (use_cuda_graph && cuda_graph_update_required) { // End CUDA graph capture
-            if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph != nullptr) {
-                CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphDestroy(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph));
-                cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph = nullptr;
+            if (graph->graph != nullptr) {
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphDestroy(graph->graph));
+                graph->graph = nullptr;
             }
 
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamEndCapture(cuda_ctx->stream(), &cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph));
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamEndCapture(cuda_ctx->stream(), &graph->graph));
             graph_evaluated_or_captured = true; // CUDA graph has been captured
 
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(ggml_cuda_lock);
@@ -2731,74 +4059,82 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx
     }
 
     if (use_cuda_graph) {
-        if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance == nullptr) { // Create executable graph from captured graph.
-            CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphInstantiate(&cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph, NULL, NULL, 0));
+        ggml_cuda_graph * graph = cuda_ctx->cuda_graph(graph_key);
+        if (graph->instance == nullptr) { // Create executable graph from captured graph.
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphInstantiate(&graph->instance, graph->graph, NULL, NULL, 0));
         }
         if (cuda_graph_update_required) { // Update graph executable
-            update_cuda_graph_executable(cuda_ctx);
+            ggml_cuda_graph_update_executable(cuda_ctx, graph_key);
         }
         // Launch graph
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphLaunch(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->stream()));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphLaunch(graph->instance, cuda_ctx->stream()));
 #else
+        GGML_UNUSED(graph_key);
         graph_evaluated_or_captured = true;
 #endif  // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
     }
 }
 
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cuda_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-    ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_context *)backend->context;
-
-    ggml_cuda_set_device(cuda_ctx->device);
-
 #ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
-    static const bool disable_cuda_graphs_due_to_env = (getenv("GGML_CUDA_DISABLE_GRAPHS") != nullptr);
-
-    // Objects required for CUDA Graph
-    if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph == nullptr) {
-        cuda_ctx->cuda_graph.reset(new ggml_cuda_graph());
-    }
-
-    bool use_cuda_graph = true;
-    bool cuda_graph_update_required = false;
+static bool ggml_cuda_graph_set_enabled(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, const void * graph_key) {
+    ggml_cuda_graph * graph = cuda_ctx->cuda_graph(graph_key);
 
-    if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph == nullptr) {
+    if (graph->graph == nullptr) {
         if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[cuda_ctx->device].cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE) {
-            cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->disable_due_to_gpu_arch = true;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to GPU architecture\n", __func__);
-#endif
+            if (!graph->disable_due_to_gpu_arch) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to GPU architecture\n", __func__);
+            }
+            graph->disable_due_to_gpu_arch = true;
         }
     }
 
-    // Disable CUDA graphs in presence of env var, old GPU, use-case which is changing too rapidly,
-    // or previous graph capture failure.
-    // Also disable for multi-gpu for now. TO DO investigate
-    if (disable_cuda_graphs_due_to_env
-        || cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->disable_due_to_gpu_arch
-        || cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->disable_due_to_too_many_updates
-        || cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->disable_due_to_failed_graph_capture) {
-        use_cuda_graph = false;
-    }
+    return graph->is_enabled();
+}
+#endif // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
 
-    if (use_cuda_graph) {
-        cuda_graph_update_required = is_cuda_graph_update_required(cuda_ctx, cgraph);
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cuda_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_context *) backend->context;
 
-        use_cuda_graph = check_node_graph_compatibility_and_refresh_copy_ops(cuda_ctx, cgraph, use_cuda_graph);
+    ggml_cuda_set_device(cuda_ctx->device);
 
-        // Disable CUDA graphs (from the next token) if the use-case is demanding too many consecutive graph updates.
-        if (use_cuda_graph && cuda_graph_update_required) {
-            cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->number_consecutive_updates++;
-        } else {
-            cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->number_consecutive_updates = 0;
-        }
+    bool use_cuda_graph             = false;
+    bool cuda_graph_update_required = false;
+    const void * graph_key = nullptr;
 
-        if (cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->number_consecutive_updates >= 4) {
-            cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->disable_due_to_too_many_updates = true;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: disabling CUDA graphs due to too many consecutive updates\n", __func__);
-#endif
+#ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+    graph_key = ggml_cuda_graph_get_key(cgraph);
+
+    ggml_cuda_graph_set_enabled(cuda_ctx, graph_key);
+
+    ggml_cuda_graph * graph = cuda_ctx->cuda_graph(graph_key);
+    if (graph->is_enabled()) {
+        const bool graph_compatible = ggml_cuda_graph_check_compability(cgraph);
+        if (graph_compatible) {
+            const bool properties_changed = ggml_cuda_graph_update_required(cuda_ctx, cgraph);
+
+            if (!graph->warmup_complete) {
+                // Warmup: need at least 2 calls with no property change on the 2nd call
+                if (!properties_changed) {
+                    graph->warmup_complete = true;
+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: CUDA graph warmup complete\n", __func__);
+                    use_cuda_graph = true;
+                    cuda_graph_update_required = true;
+                }
+                // else: properties changed or first call - execute directly (use_cuda_graph stays false)
+            } else {
+                // Post-warmup: normal CUDA graph operation
+                if (properties_changed) {
+                    // Properties changed - reset warmup, execute directly until stable again
+                    graph->warmup_complete = false;
+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: CUDA graph warmup reset\n", __func__);
+                } else {
+                    use_cuda_graph = true;
+                    cuda_graph_update_required = graph->instance == nullptr;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
+#endif // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
 
     if (use_cuda_graph && cuda_graph_update_required) {
         // Start CUDA graph capture
@@ -2810,18 +4146,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cuda_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamBeginCapture(cuda_ctx->stream(), cudaStreamCaptureModeRelaxed));
     }
 
-    if (!use_cuda_graph) {
-        cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->use_cpy_indirection = false;
-    }
-
-#else
-    bool use_cuda_graph = false;
-    bool cuda_graph_update_required = false;
-#endif // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
-
-    bool graph_evaluated_or_captured = false;
-
-    evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(cuda_ctx, cgraph, graph_evaluated_or_captured, use_cuda_graph, cuda_graph_update_required);
+    ggml_cuda_graph_evaluate_and_capture(cuda_ctx, cgraph, use_cuda_graph, cuda_graph_update_required, graph_key);
 
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -2851,6 +4176,250 @@ static void ggml_backend_cuda_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_ev
     }
 }
 
+static void ggml_backend_cuda_graph_optimize(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_context *) backend->context;
+
+#ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+    const void * graph_key = ggml_cuda_graph_get_key(cgraph);
+    const bool use_cuda_graph = ggml_cuda_graph_set_enabled(cuda_ctx, graph_key);
+#else
+    const bool use_cuda_graph = false;
+    GGML_UNUSED(cuda_ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(cgraph);
+#endif
+
+    static bool enable_graph_optimization = [] {
+        const char * env     = getenv("GGML_CUDA_GRAPH_OPT");
+        return env != nullptr && atoi(env) == 1;
+    }();
+
+    if (!enable_graph_optimization) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ggml_cuda_stream_context & stream_context = cuda_ctx->stream_context();
+    stream_context.reset();
+
+    if (!use_cuda_graph || ggml_backend_cuda_get_device_count() != 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // number of out-degrees for a particular node
+    std::unordered_map<const ggml_tensor *, int> fan_out;
+    // reverse mapping of node to index in the cgraph
+    std::unordered_map<const ggml_tensor *, int> node_indices;
+
+    const auto & is_noop = [](const ggml_tensor * node) -> bool {
+        return ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE ||
+               node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE;
+    };
+
+    const auto & depends_on = [](const ggml_tensor * dst, const ggml_tensor * src) -> bool {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++s) {
+            if (dst->src[s] == src) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        // implicit dependency if they view the same tensor
+        const ggml_tensor * dst2 = dst->view_src ? dst->view_src : dst;
+        const ggml_tensor * src2 = src->view_src ? src->view_src : src;
+        if (dst2 == src2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    for (int node_idx = 0; node_idx < cgraph->n_nodes; node_idx++) {
+        const ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        node_indices[node]       = node_idx;
+
+        if (is_noop(node)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (int src_idx = 0; src_idx < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++src_idx) {
+            const ggml_tensor * src = cgraph->nodes[node_idx]->src[src_idx];
+            //TODO: check why nrows > 1 fails
+            if (node && !is_noop(node) && ggml_nrows(node) <= 1) {
+                fan_out[src] += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Target Q, K, V for concurrency
+    // this is a more general way to find nodes which can be candidates for concurrency (although it has not been tested for anything else):
+    // 1. find fan-out (fork) nodes where the same input is used at least N times (in QKV, it would be "attn-norm")
+    // 2. find the join node, where 2 or more of the outputs are required (in QKV, this would "KQ" or "flash-attn")
+    // 3. account for all branches from the fork to the join
+    // 4. To extend lifetimes of the tensors, we interleave the branches (see below for more details)
+    // 5. save the original cgraph and restore it in graph_compute, to enable fusion within streams
+    // See discussion: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16991#issuecomment-3522620030
+
+    const int min_fan_out = 3;
+    const int max_fan_out = 3;
+
+    // store {fork_idx, join_idx}
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> concurrent_node_ranges;
+
+    for (const auto & [root_node, count] : fan_out) {
+        if (count >= min_fan_out && count <= max_fan_out) {
+            const int root_node_idx = node_indices[root_node];
+
+            // only optimize for attn_norm
+            // TODO: make this more generic
+            if (!strstr(root_node->name, "attn_norm")) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            bool is_part_of_event = false;
+            for (const auto & [start, end] : concurrent_node_ranges) {
+                if (root_node_idx >= start && root_node_idx <= end) {
+                    is_part_of_event = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (is_part_of_event) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            std::vector<std::vector<const ggml_tensor *>> nodes_per_branch;
+            for (int i = root_node_idx + 1; i < cgraph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+                const ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                if (!is_noop(node) && depends_on(node, root_node)) {
+                    nodes_per_branch.push_back({ node });
+                }
+            }
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(nodes_per_branch.size() == (size_t) count);
+
+            //find the join point
+            const ggml_tensor * join_node = nullptr;
+
+            const auto & belongs_to_branch = [&](const ggml_tensor *                      node,
+                                                 const std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> & branch) -> bool {
+                for (const ggml_tensor * n : branch) {
+                    if (depends_on(node, n)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            };
+
+            for (int i = root_node_idx + 1; i < cgraph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+                const ggml_tensor * curr_node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+
+                int num_joins = 0;
+                for (size_t branch_idx = 0; branch_idx < nodes_per_branch.size(); branch_idx++) {
+                    if (belongs_to_branch(curr_node, nodes_per_branch[branch_idx])) {
+                        num_joins++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (num_joins >= 2) {
+                    join_node = curr_node;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                bool found_branch = false;
+                for (size_t branch_idx = 0; branch_idx < nodes_per_branch.size(); branch_idx++) {
+                    std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> & branch_vec = nodes_per_branch[branch_idx];
+                    if (belongs_to_branch(curr_node, branch_vec)) {
+                        //continue accumulating
+                        if (std::find(branch_vec.begin(), branch_vec.end(), curr_node) == branch_vec.end()) {
+                            branch_vec.push_back(curr_node);
+                        }
+                        found_branch = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!found_branch && is_noop(curr_node)) {
+                    // we can put it in any branch because it will be ignored
+                    nodes_per_branch[0].push_back({ curr_node });
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (join_node) {
+                //Create ggml_cuda_concurrent_event
+                ggml_cuda_concurrent_event concurrent_event(nodes_per_branch.size());
+                concurrent_event.join_node = join_node;
+
+                for (size_t branch_idx = 0; branch_idx < nodes_per_branch.size(); branch_idx++) {
+                    for (const ggml_tensor * n : nodes_per_branch[branch_idx]) {
+                        concurrent_event.stream_mapping[n] = branch_idx + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                int fork_node_idx = node_indices[root_node];
+                int join_node_idx = node_indices[join_node];
+
+                int       current_branch_idx = 0;
+                int       current_node_idx   = fork_node_idx + 1;
+                const int n_branches         = nodes_per_branch.size();
+
+                int total_branch_nodes = 0;
+                for (std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> branch_nodes : nodes_per_branch) {
+                    total_branch_nodes += branch_nodes.size();
+                }
+
+                // there are other nodes in the middle which are unaccounted for
+                // usually (cpy) nodes, then ignore this fork
+                if (join_node_idx - fork_node_idx - 1 != total_branch_nodes) {
+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG(
+                        "Skipping %s because the number of nodes in the middle is not equal to the total number of "
+                        "branch nodes %d != %d\n",
+                        root_node->name, join_node_idx - fork_node_idx - 1, total_branch_nodes);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Save the original order of nodes in this region before interleaving
+                // This is used later to restore grouping for fusion within streams
+                concurrent_event.original_order.reserve(total_branch_nodes);
+                for (int i = fork_node_idx + 1; i < join_node_idx; ++i) {
+                    concurrent_event.original_order.push_back(cgraph->nodes[i]);
+                }
+
+                std::unordered_map<const ggml_tensor *, ggml_cuda_concurrent_event> & concurrent_events = cuda_ctx->stream_context().concurrent_events;
+                GGML_ASSERT(concurrent_events.find(root_node) == concurrent_events.end());
+                concurrent_events.emplace(root_node, std::move(concurrent_event));
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Adding stream at node %s %p\n", root_node->name, root_node);
+                concurrent_node_ranges.emplace_back(fork_node_idx, join_node_idx);
+
+                // interleave tensors to extend lifetimes so that ggml graph doesn't recycle them
+                // example transformation:
+                // [attn-norm, QMul, QNorm, QRope, KMul, KNorm, KRope, VMul, attn] ->
+                // [attn-norm, QMul, KMul, VMul, QNorm, VNorm, QRope, KRope, attn]
+                while (current_node_idx < join_node_idx) {
+                    std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> & branch_nodes = nodes_per_branch[current_branch_idx];
+
+                    bool has_node = false;
+                    for (std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> branch_node : nodes_per_branch) {
+                        has_node |= branch_node.size() > 0;
+                    }
+
+                    GGML_ASSERT(has_node);
+
+                    if (branch_nodes.empty()) {
+                        current_branch_idx = (current_branch_idx + 1) % n_branches;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    cgraph->nodes[current_node_idx] = const_cast<ggml_tensor *>(branch_nodes.front());
+                    current_node_idx++;
+                    branch_nodes.erase(branch_nodes.begin());
+
+                    // append all empty nodes
+                    while (!branch_nodes.empty() && is_noop(branch_nodes.front())) {
+                        cgraph->nodes[current_node_idx] = const_cast<ggml_tensor *>(branch_nodes.front());
+                        current_node_idx++;
+                        branch_nodes.erase(branch_nodes.begin());
+                    }
+
+                    current_branch_idx = (current_branch_idx + 1) % n_branches;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cuda_interface = {
     /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_cuda_get_name,
     /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_cuda_free,
@@ -2865,6 +4434,7 @@ static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cuda_interface = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_cuda_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ ggml_backend_cuda_event_record,
     /* .event_wait              = */ ggml_backend_cuda_event_wait,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ ggml_backend_cuda_graph_optimize,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_cuda_guid() {
@@ -2897,7 +4467,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_cuda_register_host_buffer(void * buffer, size_t size) {
         return false;
     }
 
-#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11010 || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11010 || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) || defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     cudaError_t err = cudaHostRegister(buffer, size, cudaHostRegisterPortable | cudaHostRegisterReadOnly);
     if (err != cudaSuccess) {
         // clear the error
@@ -2934,6 +4504,8 @@ struct ggml_backend_cuda_device_context {
     int device;
     std::string name;
     std::string description;
+    std::string pci_bus_id;
+    int op_offload_min_batch_size;
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -2946,10 +4518,110 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t
     return ctx->description.c_str();
 }
 
+#if defined(__linux__)
+// Helper function to get available memory from /proc/meminfo for UMA systems
+static bool ggml_backend_cuda_get_available_uma_memory(long * available_memory_kb, long * free_swap_kb) {
+    FILE * meminfo_file = nullptr;
+    // 2KB buffer for reading /proc/meminfo since it does not report size info, should be enough
+    const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
+    auto file_buffer = std::make_unique<char[]>(BUFFER_SIZE);
+    size_t bytes_read = 0;
+    long huge_tlb_total_pages = -1;
+    long huge_tlb_free_pages = -1;
+    long huge_tlb_page_size = -1;
+
+    if (available_memory_kb == nullptr || free_swap_kb == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    meminfo_file = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
+    if (meminfo_file == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to open /proc/meminfo\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Read file into buffer
+    bytes_read = fread(file_buffer.get(), 1, BUFFER_SIZE - 1, meminfo_file);
+    fclose(meminfo_file);
+
+    if (bytes_read == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to read from /proc/meminfo\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+    file_buffer[bytes_read] = '\0';
+
+    *available_memory_kb = -1;
+    *free_swap_kb = -1;
+
+    // Parse the file buffer line by line
+    char * line = file_buffer.get();
+    char * line_next;
+    while (line < file_buffer.get() + bytes_read) {
+        // Find the end of the current line
+        line_next = strchr(line, '\n');
+        if (line_next != nullptr) {
+            *line_next = '\0';
+            line_next++;
+        } else {
+            line_next = file_buffer.get() + bytes_read;
+        }
+
+        long value;
+        if (sscanf(line, "MemAvailable: %ld kB", &value) == 1) {
+            *available_memory_kb = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "SwapFree: %ld kB", &value) == 1) {
+            *free_swap_kb = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "HugePages_Total: %ld", &value) == 1) {
+            huge_tlb_total_pages = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "HugePages_Free: %ld", &value) == 1) {
+            huge_tlb_free_pages = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "Hugepagesize: %ld kB", &value) == 1) {
+            huge_tlb_page_size = value;
+        }
+
+        line = line_next;
+    }
+
+    if (huge_tlb_total_pages != 0 && huge_tlb_total_pages != -1) {
+        *available_memory_kb = huge_tlb_free_pages * huge_tlb_page_size;
+
+        // Hugetlbfs pages are not swappable.
+        *free_swap_kb = 0;
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: final available_memory_kb: %ld\n", __func__, *available_memory_kb);
+    return true;
+}
+#endif // defined(__linux__)
+
 static void ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
     ggml_backend_cuda_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_device_context *)dev->context;
     ggml_cuda_set_device(ctx->device);
     CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemGetInfo(free, total));
+
+// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17368
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    // Check if this is a UMA (Unified Memory Architecture) system
+    cudaDeviceProp prop;
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, ctx->device));
+
+    // Check if UMA is explicitly enabled via environment variable
+    bool uma_env = getenv("GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY") != nullptr;
+    bool is_uma = prop.integrated > 0 || uma_env;
+
+    if (is_uma) {
+        // For UMA systems (like DGX Spark), use system memory info
+        long available_memory_kb = 0;
+        long free_swap_kb = 0;
+
+        if (ggml_backend_cuda_get_available_uma_memory(&available_memory_kb, &free_swap_kb) && available_memory_kb > 0) {
+            *free = (size_t)available_memory_kb * 1024;
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: /proc/meminfo reading failed, using cudaMemGetInfo\n", __func__);
+        }
+    }
+#endif // defined(__linux__)
+
 }
 
 static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -2958,9 +4630,12 @@ static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_type(ggml_backend
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    ggml_backend_cuda_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_device_context *)dev->context;
+
     props->name        = ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_name(dev);
     props->description = ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_description(dev);
     props->type        = ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_type(dev);
+    props->device_id   = ctx->pci_bus_id.empty() ? nullptr : ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str();
     ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
 
     bool host_buffer = getenv("GGML_CUDA_NO_PINNED") == nullptr;
@@ -3034,11 +4709,34 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                    // TODO: should become:
+                    //return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
                     return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]);
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
             {
@@ -3062,9 +4760,16 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                     return false;
                 }
 #ifdef GGML_USE_MUSA
-                if (b->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && b->ne[2]*b->ne[3] > 1 &&
-                    !ggml_is_transposed(a) && !ggml_is_transposed(b)) {
-                    return false;
+                const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[dev_ctx->device].cc;
+                if (b->ne[2]*b->ne[3] > 1 && !ggml_is_transposed(a) && !ggml_is_transposed(b)) {
+                    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_QY1(cc) && op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT &&
+                            a->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && b->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_QY2(cc) && op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID &&
+                            a->type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K && b->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
 #endif // GGML_USE_MUSA
                 switch (a->type) {
@@ -3075,6 +4780,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
@@ -3091,11 +4797,6 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
                     case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-#ifdef GGML_USE_MUSA
-                        if (a->type == GGML_TYPE_Q3_K) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-#endif // GGML_USE_MUSA
                         return true;
                     default:
                         return false;
@@ -3108,6 +4809,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 switch (op->src[0]->type) {
                     case GGML_TYPE_F16:
                     case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
@@ -3122,17 +4825,28 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
             {
                 return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->ne[2] == 1 && op->ne[3] == 1;
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                return (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 ||
+                       op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ||
+                       op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) &&
+                       op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                       (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+            {
+                const ggml_type t = op->type;
+                return (t == GGML_TYPE_F32 || t == GGML_TYPE_I32) &&
+                    t == op->src[0]->type &&
+                    t == op->src[1]->type;
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_CPY:
             {
                 ggml_type src0_type = op->src[0]->type;
                 ggml_type src1_type = op->src[1]->type;
-                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                if ((src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0_type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 || src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                    (src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1_type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 || src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F16)
+                ) {
                     return true;
                 }
                 if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
@@ -3168,10 +4882,13 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) {
                     return true;
                 }
-                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
                     return true;
                 }
-                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
                     return true;
                 }
                 if (src0_type == src1_type && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1])) {
@@ -3218,7 +4935,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
         case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
-            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->ne[0] % WARP_SIZE == 0;
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_NONE:
         case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
@@ -3226,6 +4943,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
         case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
         case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
         case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
         case GGML_OP_ADD1:
         case GGML_OP_SUB:
         case GGML_OP_MUL:
@@ -3237,12 +4955,26 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
         case GGML_OP_COS:
         case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
         case GGML_OP_LOG:
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN: {
+            if (op->src[3]->ne[0] == 1) {
+                // Mamba2
+                // (kernel only supports (d_state == 128 || d_state == 256) && d_head % 16 == 0)
+                return (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 128 || op->src[0]->ne[0] == 256) && op->src[0]->ne[1] % 16 == 0;
+            } else {
+                // Mamba
+                // (kernel only supports d_state == 16, d_head == 1, n_head % 128 == 0, n_group == 1)
+                return op->src[0]->ne[0] == 16 && op->src[0]->ne[1] == 1 && op->src[0]->ne[2] % 128 == 0 && op->src[4]->ne[1] == 1;
+            }
+        }
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV: {
+            // assumes d_inner % threads == 0
+            return op->src[0]->ne[1] % 128 == 0;
+        }
         case GGML_OP_CONT:
-            return op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16;
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK: {
@@ -3250,24 +4982,43 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
             memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) op->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
             return max_bias == 0.0f;
         }
+        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+            if(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
         case GGML_OP_ROPE:
         case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK: {
             return op->src[0]->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(op->src[0]->type) && ggml_is_contiguous_2(op->src[0]);
         }
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
         case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_ACC:
+            // TODO: extend support like so:
+            //return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[1]);
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
-        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-        case GGML_OP_ACC:
+#ifndef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+            return op->src[0]->ne[0] <= 1024;
+#else
             return true;
+#endif
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
             return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
-        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->op_params[0] == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST;
         case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
+        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
         case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
@@ -3275,43 +5026,26 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
         case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
         case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
             return true;
-        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT: {
-#ifndef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+            //TODO: enable once MUSA compiler is solved https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/19504#issuecomment-4018634327
+#ifdef GGML_USE_MUSA
             return false;
-#endif // FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-            if (op->src[1]->ne[0] != op->src[2]->ne[0]) {
-                const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[dev_ctx->device].cc;
-                if (!new_mma_available(cc)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                const int gqa_ratio = op->src[0]->ne[2] / op->src[1]->ne[2];
-                return op->src[1]->ne[0] == 576 && op->src[2]->ne[0] == 512 && op->src[3] && gqa_ratio % 16 == 0;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 192) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[3] != 1) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 || op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] ==  64 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 128) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 256 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            return fp16_mma_available(ggml_cuda_info().devices[dev_ctx->device].cc) &&
-                op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
-        }
+#else
+            return true;
+#endif // GGML_USE_MUSA
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            return ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_supported(dev_ctx->device, op);
         case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
         case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK:
         case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
             return true;
+
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -3339,11 +5073,9 @@ static int64_t get_op_batch_size(const ggml_tensor * op) {
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
-    const int min_batch_size = 32;
-
-    return get_op_batch_size(op) >= min_batch_size;
+    ggml_backend_cuda_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_device_context *) dev->context;
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    return get_op_batch_size(op) >= dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size;
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_cuda_device_event_new(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -3442,10 +5174,6 @@ static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_cuda_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t
         features.push_back({ "NO_PEER_COPY", "1" });
     #endif
 
-    #ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
-        features.push_back({ "F16", "1" });
-    #endif
-
     #ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS
         features.push_back({ "USE_GRAPHS", "1" });
     #endif
@@ -3458,6 +5186,16 @@ static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_cuda_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t
         features.push_back({ "FA_ALL_QUANTS", "1" });
     #endif
 
+    {
+        const auto & info = ggml_cuda_info();
+        for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
+            if (blackwell_mma_available(info.devices[id].cc)) {
+                features.push_back({ "BLACKWELL_NATIVE_FP4", "1"});
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     #undef _STRINGIFY
     #undef STRINGIFY
 
@@ -3505,17 +5243,22 @@ ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_cuda_reg() {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
         if (!initialized) {
             ggml_backend_cuda_reg_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_cuda_reg_context;
+            const int min_batch_size = getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH") ? atoi(getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH")) : 32;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < ggml_cuda_info().device_count; i++) {
                 ggml_backend_cuda_device_context * dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_cuda_device_context;
                 dev_ctx->device = i;
                 dev_ctx->name = GGML_CUDA_NAME + std::to_string(i);
 
-                ggml_cuda_set_device(i);
                 cudaDeviceProp prop;
                 CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, i));
                 dev_ctx->description = prop.name;
 
+                char pci_bus_id[16] = {};
+                snprintf(pci_bus_id, sizeof(pci_bus_id), "%04x:%02x:%02x.0", prop.pciDomainID, prop.pciBusID, prop.pciDeviceID);
+                dev_ctx->pci_bus_id = pci_bus_id;
+                dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size = min_batch_size;
+
                 ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device {
                     /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_cuda_device_interface,
                     /* .reg     = */ &reg,
@@ -3550,10 +5293,10 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_cuda_init(int device) {
     }
 
     ggml_backend_t cuda_backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_cuda_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_cuda_interface,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cuda_reg(), device),
-        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_cuda_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_cuda_interface,
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cuda_reg(), device),
+        /* .context = */ ctx,
     };
 
     return cuda_backend;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cu
index 86a54e42bb7..56dc0545742 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cu
@@ -1,65 +1,76 @@
 #include "im2col.cuh"
 
+#define MAX_GRIDDIM_Z 65535
+
 template <typename T>
 static  __global__ void im2col_kernel(
-        const float * x, T * dst, int64_t batch_offset,
-        int64_t offset_delta, int64_t IC, int64_t IW, int64_t IH, int64_t OH, int64_t OW, int64_t KW, int64_t KH, int64_t pelements, int64_t CHW,
+        const float * x, T * dst,
+        int64_t IC, int64_t IW, int64_t IH, int64_t OH, int64_t OW, int64_t KW, int64_t KH,
+        int64_t IC_IH_IW, int64_t IH_IW, int64_t N_OH, int64_t KH_KW, int64_t IC_KH_KW,
         int s0, int s1, int p0, int p1, int d0, int d1) {
     const int64_t i = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
-    if (i >= pelements) {
+    if (i >= IC_KH_KW) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const int64_t  ksize = OW * (KH > 1 ? KW : 1);
-    const int64_t  kx = i / ksize;
-    const int64_t  kd = kx * ksize;
-    const int64_t  ky = (i - kd) / OW;
-    const int64_t  ix = i % OW;
+    const int64_t iic = i / (KH_KW);
+    const int64_t rem = i - iic * KH_KW;
+    const int64_t ikh = rem / KW;
+    const int64_t ikw = rem - ikh * KW;
 
-    const int64_t  oh = blockIdx.y;
-    const int64_t  batch = blockIdx.z / IC;
-    const int64_t  ic = blockIdx.z % IC;
+    const int64_t  iow = blockIdx.y;
+    for (int64_t iz = blockIdx.z; iz < N_OH; iz+=MAX_GRIDDIM_Z) {
+        const int64_t  in = iz / OH;
+        const int64_t  ioh = iz - in * OH;
 
-    const int64_t iiw = ix * s0 + kx * d0 - p0;
-    const int64_t iih = oh * s1 + ky * d1 - p1;
+        const int64_t iiw = iow * s0 + ikw * d0 - p0;
+        const int64_t iih = ioh * s1 + ikh * d1 - p1;
 
-    const int64_t offset_dst =
-        ((batch * OH + oh) * OW + ix) * CHW +
-        (ic * (KW * KH) + ky * KW + kx);
+        const int64_t offset_dst =
+            ((in * OH + ioh) * OW + iow) * IC_KH_KW + iic * KH_KW + ikh * KW + ikw;
 
-    if (iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW) {
-        dst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
-    } else {
-        const int64_t offset_src = ic * offset_delta + batch * batch_offset;
-        dst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src + iih * IW + iiw];
+        if (iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW) {
+            dst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
+        } else {
+            const int64_t offset_src = iic * IC_IH_IW + in * IH_IW;
+            dst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src + iih * IW + iiw];
+        }
     }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(IC);
+    GGML_UNUSED(KH);
 }
 
+// im2col: [N, IC, IH, IW] => [N, OH, OW, IC*KH*KW]
 template <typename T>
 static void im2col_cuda(const float * x, T* dst,
     int64_t IW, int64_t IH, int64_t OW, int64_t OH, int64_t KW, int64_t KH, int64_t IC,
-    int64_t batch, int64_t batch_offset, int64_t offset_delta,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC_IH_IW, int64_t IH_IW,
     int s0,int s1,int p0,int p1,int d0,int d1, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int parallel_elements = OW * KW * KH;
-    const int num_blocks = (parallel_elements + CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    dim3 block_nums(num_blocks, OH, batch * IC);
-    im2col_kernel<<<block_nums, CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, batch_offset, offset_delta, IC, IW, IH, OH, OW, KW, KH, parallel_elements, (IC * KH * KW), s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1);
+    const int64_t IC_KH_KW = IC * KH * KW;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (IC_KH_KW + CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    const int64_t N_OH = N * OH;
+    const int64_t KH_KW = KW*KH;
+    dim3 block_nums(num_blocks, OW, MIN(N_OH, MAX_GRIDDIM_Z));
+    im2col_kernel<<<block_nums, MIN(IC_KH_KW, CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE) , 0, stream>>>(x, dst, IC, IW, IH, OH, OW, KW, KH,
+                                                                                     IC_IH_IW, IH_IW, N_OH, KH_KW, IC_KH_KW,
+                                                                                     s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1);
 }
 
 static void im2col_cuda_f16(const float * x, half * dst,
     int64_t IW, int64_t IH, int64_t OW, int64_t OH, int64_t KW, int64_t KH, int64_t IC,
-    int64_t batch, int64_t batch_offset, int64_t offset_delta,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC_IH_IW, int64_t IH_IW,
     int s0,int s1,int p0,int p1,int d0,int d1, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
-    im2col_cuda<half>(x, dst, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, batch, batch_offset, offset_delta, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
+    im2col_cuda<half>(x, dst, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, N, IC_IH_IW, IH_IW, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
 }
 
 static void im2col_cuda_f32(const float * x, float * dst,
     int64_t IW, int64_t IH, int64_t OW, int64_t OH, int64_t KW, int64_t KH, int64_t IC,
-    int64_t batch, int64_t batch_offset, int64_t offset_delta,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC_IH_IW, int64_t IH_IW,
     int s0,int s1,int p0,int p1,int d0,int d1, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
-    im2col_cuda<float>(x, dst, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, batch, batch_offset, offset_delta, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
+    im2col_cuda<float>(x, dst, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, N, IC_IH_IW, IH_IW, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_im2col(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -91,13 +102,163 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_im2col(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const int64_t OH = is_2D ? dst->ne[2] : 1;
     const int64_t OW =         dst->ne[1];
 
-    const size_t  delta_offset = src1->nb[is_2D ? 2 : 1] / 4; // nb is byte offset, src is type float32
-    const int64_t batch        = src1->ne[is_2D ? 3 : 2];
-    const size_t  batch_offset = src1->nb[is_2D ? 3 : 2] / 4; // nb is byte offset, src is type float32
+    const int64_t IC_IH_IW = src1->nb[is_2D ? 2 : 1] / 4; // nb is byte offset, src is type float32
+    const int64_t N        = src1->ne[is_2D ? 3 : 2];
+    const int64_t IH_IW    = src1->nb[is_2D ? 3 : 2] / 4; // nb is byte offset, src is type float32
+
+    if(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        im2col_cuda_f16(src1_d, (half *) dst_d, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, N, IC_IH_IW, IH_IW, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
+    } else {
+        im2col_cuda_f32(src1_d, (float *) dst_d, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, N, IC_IH_IW, IH_IW, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
+    }
+}
+
+// [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+template <typename T>
+static  __global__ void im2col_3d_kernel(
+        const float * src, T * dst,
+        int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+        int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+        int64_t OH_OW, int64_t KD_KH_KW, int64_t ID_IH_IW, int64_t KH_KW, int64_t IH_IW, int64_t IC_ID_IH_IW,
+        int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW, int64_t OW_KD_KH_KW, int64_t OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, int64_t OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW,
+        int64_t OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, int64_t N_OD_OH, int64_t OD_OH,
+        int64_t stride_q, int64_t stride_z, int64_t stride_y, int64_t stride_x,
+        int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2) {
+    const int64_t i = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
+    if (i >= IC_KD_KH_KW) {
+        return;
+    }
+    GGML_UNUSED(N); GGML_UNUSED(OC); GGML_UNUSED(OH_OW); GGML_UNUSED(OD); GGML_UNUSED(OW); GGML_UNUSED(KD); GGML_UNUSED(KH);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ID_IH_IW); GGML_UNUSED(IH_IW); GGML_UNUSED(IC_ID_IH_IW); GGML_UNUSED(OW_KD_KH_KW);
+
+    const int64_t iic = i / KD_KH_KW;
+    const int64_t ikd = (i - iic * KD_KH_KW) / KH_KW;
+    const int64_t ikh = (i - iic * KD_KH_KW - ikd * KH_KW) / KW;
+    const int64_t ikw = i % KW;
+
+    const int64_t  iow = blockIdx.y;
+    for (int64_t iz = blockIdx.z; iz < N_OD_OH; iz+=MAX_GRIDDIM_Z) {
+        const int64_t in  = iz / OD_OH;
+        const int64_t iod = (iz - in*OD_OH) / OH;
+        const int64_t ioh = iz % OH;
+
+        const int64_t iiw = iow * s0 + ikw * d0 - p0;
+        const int64_t iih = ioh * s1 + ikh * d1 - p1;
+        const int64_t iid = iod * s2 + ikd * d2 - p2;
+
+        const int64_t offset_dst = in*OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + iod*OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + ioh*OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + iow*IC_KD_KH_KW + iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw;
+
+        if (iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW || iid < 0 || iid >= ID) {
+            dst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
+        } else {
+            const int64_t offset_src = ((in * IC + iic) * stride_q) + (iid * stride_z) + (iih * stride_y) + (iiw * stride_x);
+            dst[offset_dst] = src[offset_src];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+template <typename T>
+static void im2col_3d_cuda(const float * src, T* dst,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+    int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+    int64_t stride_q, int64_t stride_z, int64_t stride_y, int64_t stride_x,
+    int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t OH_OW = OH*OW;
+    const int64_t KD_KH_KW = KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t ID_IH_IW = ID*IH*IW;
+    const int64_t KH_KW = KH*KW;
+    const int64_t IH_IW = IH*IW;
+    const int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t OW_KD_KH_KW = OW*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t N_OD_OH = N*OD*OH;
+    const int64_t OD_OH = OD*OH;
+    const int64_t IC_ID_IH_IW = IC*ID*IH*IW;
+    const int64_t OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OD*OH*OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OH*OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (IC_KD_KH_KW + CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    dim3 block_nums(num_blocks, OW, MIN(N_OD_OH, MAX_GRIDDIM_Z));
+    im2col_3d_kernel<<<block_nums, MIN(IC_KD_KH_KW, CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE) , 0, stream>>>(src, dst, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW,
+                                                                                           OH_OW, KD_KH_KW, ID_IH_IW, KH_KW, IH_IW, IC_ID_IH_IW,
+                                                                                           IC_KD_KH_KW, OW_KD_KH_KW, OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW,
+                                                                                           OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, N_OD_OH, OD_OH,
+                                                                                           stride_q, stride_z, stride_y, stride_x,
+                                                                                           s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2);
+}
+
+static void im2col_3d_cuda_f16(const float * src, half * dst,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+    int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+    int64_t stride_q, int64_t stride_z, int64_t stride_y, int64_t stride_x,
+    int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    im2col_3d_cuda<half>(src, dst, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW,
+                         stride_q, stride_z, stride_y, stride_x,
+                         s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
+}
+
+static void im2col_3d_cuda_f32(const float * src, float * dst,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+    int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+    int64_t stride_q, int64_t stride_z, int64_t stride_y, int64_t stride_x,
+    int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    im2col_3d_cuda<float>(src, dst, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW,
+                          stride_q, stride_z, stride_y, stride_x,
+                          s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_im2col_3d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const float * src1_d = (const float *)src1->data;
+    float * dst_d = (float *)dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[8];
+    const int32_t IC = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = ne12;
+    const int64_t IH = ne11;
+    const int64_t IW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t OC = ne03 / IC;
+    const int64_t KD = ne02;
+    const int64_t KH = ne01;
+    const int64_t KW = ne00;
+
+    const int64_t OD = ne3 / N;
+    const int64_t OH = ne2;
+    const int64_t OW = ne1;
+
+    const size_t  es       = ggml_element_size(src1);
+    const int64_t stride_x = src1->nb[0] / es;
+    const int64_t stride_y = src1->nb[1] / es;
+    const int64_t stride_z = src1->nb[2] / es;
+    const int64_t stride_q = src1->nb[3] / es;
 
     if(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        im2col_cuda_f16(src1_d, (half *) dst_d, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, batch, batch_offset, delta_offset, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
+        im2col_3d_cuda_f16(src1_d, (half *) dst_d, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW,
+                           stride_q, stride_z, stride_y, stride_x,
+                           s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
     } else {
-        im2col_cuda_f32(src1_d, (float *) dst_d, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, batch, batch_offset, delta_offset, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
+        im2col_3d_cuda_f32(src1_d, (float *) dst_d, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW,
+                           stride_q, stride_z, stride_y, stride_x,
+                           s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cuh
index 1ce8fae4d9a..2da1223d634 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cuh
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 #define CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_im2col(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_cuda_op_im2col_3d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mean.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mean.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49af5389957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mean.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#include "mean.cuh"
+#include "reduce_rows.cuh"
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+#include <cub/cub.cuh>
+using namespace cub;
+#endif  // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+
+template <typename T> __global__ void divide_by_count(T * result, size_t count) {
+    *result /= static_cast<T>(count);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_mean(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0   = dst->src[0];
+    const float *       src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+    float *             dst_d  = (float *) dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t        stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    const int64_t ncols = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+// Special case for reducing vectors
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+#ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+    cudaStreamCaptureStatus iscapturing;
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamIsCapturing(stream, &iscapturing));
+#endif // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+    if ((nrows == 1) &&
+#ifdef USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+            // Determine if CUDA graphs are effectively disabled for this context
+            // (no graph instance exists and we're not capturing, OR graphs are explicitly enabled)
+            (((ncols > 65536) &&
+              (((!ctx.any_cuda_graph_has_instance()) && (iscapturing == cudaStreamCaptureStatusNone)) ||
+               ctx.any_cuda_graph_enabled())) ||
+            // CUDA graphs are enabled - use lower threshold
+             ((ncols > 32768) &&
+              !(((!ctx.any_cuda_graph_has_instance()) && (iscapturing == cudaStreamCaptureStatusNone)) ||
+                ctx.any_cuda_graph_enabled())))) {
+#else
+        (ncols > 65536)) {
+#endif // USE_CUDA_GRAPH
+        // Single row - use device-wide reduction
+        size_t           tmp_size = 0;
+        ggml_cuda_pool & pool     = ctx.pool();
+
+        DeviceReduce::Sum(nullptr, tmp_size, src0_d, dst_d, ncols, stream);
+
+        ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<uint8_t> tmp_alloc(pool, tmp_size);
+        DeviceReduce::Sum(tmp_alloc.ptr, tmp_size, src0_d, dst_d, ncols, stream);
+
+        // Divide by ncols
+        divide_by_count<float><<<1, 1, 0, stream>>>(dst_d, ncols);
+        return;
+    }
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+
+    const dim3 block_nums(nrows, 1, 1);
+
+    const int id  = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int nsm = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].nsm;
+
+    // Heuristic for block size selection to optimize occupancy.
+    // See discussion in: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15132
+    if ((nrows / nsm) < 2) {
+        const dim3 block_dims(512, 1, 1);
+        reduce_rows_f32</*norm=*/true><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(src0_d, dst_d, ncols);
+    } else {
+        const dim3 block_dims(ncols < 1024 ? 32 : 128, 1, 1);
+        reduce_rows_f32</*norm=*/true><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(src0_d, dst_d, ncols);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mean.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mean.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2b9b1043343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mean.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_mean(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mma.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mma.cuh
index 2af63355a19..5d1dadd3e4f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mma.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mma.cuh
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
 // This file contains primitives that expose the tensor core PTX instructions for CUDA code.
 // The primitives can be used in a similar way as the nvcuda::wmma interface but with a well-defined memory layout.
 // The documentation for the PTX instructions can be found under:
@@ -12,23 +13,28 @@
 // The methods get_i and get_j can be used to get the physical 32 bit index of the lth element of a thread within a tile.
 // All matrix tiles have ne physical 32 bit elements per warp.
 //
-// As described in the documentation, all pointers for load_ldmatrix must be to shared memory and aligned to 16 bytes.
+// As described in the PTX documentation, all pointers for load_ldmatrix must be to shared memory and aligned to 16 bytes.
+// The API in this file also assumes that the pointers for load_generic are aligned to 16 bytes, unaligned pointers are considered undefined behavior.
 
 #include "common.cuh"
 
+// On Volta each warp is doing 4 8x8 mma operations in parallel.
+// The basic memory layout for a 32x8 output tile is to stack 4 input tiles in I direction and to mirror the B tile.
+// However, the i indices in this file are by default permuted to simplify the index calculations.
+// #define GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
 
 #if CUDART_VERSION >= 11080
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ int ggml_cuda_movmatrix(const int x) {
     int ret = 0;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     asm("movmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.trans.b16 %0, %1;"
         : "=r"(ret) : "r"(x));
 #else
     GGML_UNUSED(x);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // defined(NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -62,22 +68,193 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 ggml_cuda_movmatrix(const half2 x) {
 
 namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
 
+    // Some architectures like Volta or CDNA3 perform multiple matrix multiplications per warp in parallel,
+    //     effectively the warp is being split into subgroups of threads that each perform a single mma instruction.
+    // In those cases the data can be split in different ways across the warp.
+    enum data_layout {
+        // By default the data uses the I direction as its major dimension and the J direction as its minor dimension.
+        // For the A/C matrices this means I major == row major, J major == column major.
+        // For the B matrix this means I major == column major, J major == row major.
+        // MIRRORED == Each data value is held exactly once per thread subgroup.
+        DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR           =  0, // Always used for Turing, Ampere, Ada Lovelace, consumer Blackwell, matrix A&B for RDNA4 and CDNA.
+        DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR           = 10, // Matrix C for CDNA and RDNA4, int and float matrix C for RDNA3.
+        DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED  = 20, // Volta, matrix A&B for RDNA3.
+        DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR_MIRRORED  = 30,
+    };
+    // Implemented mma combinations are:
+    //   - (I_MAJOR, I_MAJOR)          -> I_MAJOR
+    //   - (I_MAJOR, I_MAJOR_MIRRORED) -> I_MAJOR
+    //   - (I_MAJOR, J_MAJOR_MIRRORED) -> I_MAJOR
+
+    static constexpr bool is_i_major(const data_layout dl) {
+        return dl == DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR ||
+               dl == DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr __device__ data_layout get_input_data_layout() {
+#if defined(RDNA3) || __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        return DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED;
+#else
+        return DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR;
+#endif // defined(RDNA3) || __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+    }
+
+    template <int I_, int J_, typename T, data_layout ds_=DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>
+    struct tile {};
+
     template <int I_, int J_, typename T>
-    struct tile {
-        static constexpr int I  = I_;
-        static constexpr int J  = J_;
-        static constexpr int ne = I * J / WARP_SIZE;
+    struct tile<I_, J_, T, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR;
+
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / 64;
         T x[ne] = {0};
 
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 64 && J ==  2) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J == 32) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
-            if constexpr (I == 8 && (J == 4 || J == 8)) {
+            if constexpr (I == 64 && J == 2) { // Special tile size to load <16, 4> as <16, 8>
+                return threadIdx.x % 16;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 16;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 4) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 32;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 16) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 16;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 32) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 32;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 64 && J == 2) { // Special tile size to load <16, 4> as <16, 8>
+                return (2 * ((threadIdx.x / 16) % 2) + l);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return 2 * (threadIdx.x / 16) + l;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 4) {
+                return 2 * (threadIdx.x / 32) + l;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 16) {
+                return 4 * (threadIdx.x / 16) + l;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 32) {
+                return 4 * (threadIdx.x / 32) + 8 * (l / 4) + (l % 4);
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#elif __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / 32;
+        T x[ne] = {0};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+                return (((threadIdx.x % 16) / 4) * 8) + ((threadIdx.x / 16) * 4) + (l & 2) + (threadIdx.x % 2);
+#else
+                return (l & 2) + (threadIdx.x & ~2);
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return (threadIdx.x & 2) + (l & (4 + 1));
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / 32;
+        T x[ne] = {0};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 4) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (supported()) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 16;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 16) {
+#if defined(RDNA3)
+                if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float> || std::is_same_v<T, int>) {
+                    // matrix C
+                    return 2 * l + (threadIdx.x / 16);
+                } else {
+                    // matrix A&B
+                    return l;
+                }
+#else
+                // matrix C is the transposed matrix A&B on RDNA4
+                return ne * (threadIdx.x / 16) + l;
+#endif // defined(RDNA3)
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                // mmq input for RDNA4
+                return ne * (threadIdx.x / 16) + l;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
+                return ne * (threadIdx.x / 16) + l;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / 32;
+        T x[ne] = {0};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
+                return threadIdx.x / 4;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
                 return threadIdx.x / 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l / 2) * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return ((l / 2) * 8) + (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 16) {
-                return ((l / 2) % 2) * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return (((l / 2) % 2) * 8) + (threadIdx.x / 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return tile<16, 8, T>::get_i(l); // Memory layout simply repeated with same pattern in i direction.
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 
@@ -85,49 +262,395 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
                 return threadIdx.x % 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
-                return 4 * l + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return (l * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return 2 * (threadIdx.x % 4) + l % 2;
+                return ((threadIdx.x % 4) * 2) + (l % 2);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 16) {
-                return 8 * (l / 4) + 2 * (threadIdx.x % 4) + l % 2;
+                return ((l / 4) * 8) + ((threadIdx.x % 4) * 2) + (l % 2);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return tile<16, 8, T>::get_j(l); // Memory layout simply repeated with same pattern in i direction.
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     };
 
     template <int I_, int J_>
-    struct tile<I_, J_, half2> {
-        static constexpr int I  = I_;
-        static constexpr int J  = J_;
+    struct tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR;
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
         static constexpr int ne = I * J / WARP_SIZE;
         half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
 
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  4) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 4) {
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+                return (((threadIdx.x % 16) / 4) * 8) + ((threadIdx.x / 16) * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
+#else
+                return threadIdx.x;
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 4) {
+                return l;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / 32;
+        half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 16 && J == 8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 16;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return ne * (threadIdx.x / 16) + l;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / 64;
+        half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 16 && J == 8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 16;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return ne * (threadIdx.x / 16) + l;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / WARP_SIZE;
+        half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
+                return threadIdx.x / 4;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
+                return (l * 8) + (threadIdx.x / 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return ((l % 2) * 8) + (threadIdx.x / 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return ((l / 4) * 16) + ((l % 2) * 8) + (threadIdx.x / 4);
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
+                return (l * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 4;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
+                return ((l / 2) * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return ((l & 2) * 2) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+    };
+
+    template <int I_, int J_>
+    struct tile<I_, J_, nv_bfloat162, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR;
+
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        static constexpr int ne = tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::ne;
+        nv_bfloat162 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            return tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::supported();
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::get_i(l);
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::get_j(l);
+        }
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        static constexpr int ne = tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::ne;
+        nv_bfloat162 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            return tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::supported();
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::get_i(l);
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::get_j(l);
+        }
+#else
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / WARP_SIZE;
+        nv_bfloat162 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
                 return threadIdx.x / 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
-                return l * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return (l * 8) + (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l % 2) * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return ((l % 2) * 8) + (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
-                return l * 4 + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return (l * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
                 return threadIdx.x % 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l / 2) * 4 + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return ((l / 2) * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#endif  // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    };
+
+    template <int I_, int J_, typename T>
+    struct tile<I_, J_, T, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR;
+
+        static constexpr int ne = tile<I_, J_, T, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::ne;
+        T x[ne] = {0};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            return tile<I_, J_, T, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::supported();
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, T, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::get_j(l);
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, T, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>::get_i(l);
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <int I_, int J_, typename T>
+    struct tile<I_, J_, T, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED;
+
+        // RDNA3
+        static constexpr int         ne = I * J / 32 * 2;
+
+        T x[ne] = {0};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 8)  return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 4)  return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int /*l*/) {
+            if constexpr (supported()) {
+                return threadIdx.x % 16;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (supported()) {
+                return l;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <int I_, int J_>
+    struct tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED;
+#if defined(RDNA3)
+        static constexpr int         ne = tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::ne;
+
+        half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            return tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::supported();
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::get_i(l);
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::get_j(l);
+        }
+#else // Volta
+        static constexpr int         ne = I * J / (WARP_SIZE/4);
+
+        half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  4) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int /*l*/) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
+                return ((threadIdx.x / 16) * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
+                return l;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#endif // defined(RDNA3)
     };
 
+    template <int I_, int J_>
+    struct tile<I_, J_, nv_bfloat162, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED;
+        static constexpr int         ne = tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::ne;
+
+        nv_bfloat162 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            return tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::supported();
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::get_i(l);
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            return tile<I_, J_, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED>::get_j(l);
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <int I_, int J_>
+    struct tile<I_, J_, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR_MIRRORED> {
+        static constexpr int         I  = I_;
+        static constexpr int         J  = J_;
+        static constexpr data_layout dl = DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR_MIRRORED;
+        static constexpr int         ne = I * J / (WARP_SIZE/4);
+
+        half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  4) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
+                return ((l / 2) * 4) + (threadIdx.x % 4);
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
+                return ((threadIdx.x / 16) * 2) + (l % 2);
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
     template <int I, int J>
     static __device__ __forceinline__ tile<I, J/2, half2> get_half2(const tile<I, J, float> & tile_float) {
         tile<I, J/2, half2> ret;
@@ -145,19 +668,96 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
 
         return ret;
     }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    template <int I, int J>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ tile<I, J/2, half2> get_half2(const tile<I, J, float> & tile_float) {
+        tile<I, J/2, half2> ret;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < tile_float.ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ret.x[l0/2] = make_half2(tile_float.x[l0 + 0], tile_float.x[l0 + 1]);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ tile<8, 8, half2> get_transposed(const tile<16, 4, half2> & t) {
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return tile<8, 8, half2>{};
+    }
+#else // Volta
+    template <int I, int J>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ tile<I, J/2, half2> get_half2(const tile<I, J, float> & tile_float) {
+        tile<I, J/2, half2> ret;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < tile_float.ne; l0 += 4) {
+            ret.x[l0/2 + 0] = make_half2(tile_float.x[l0 + 0], tile_float.x[l0 + 1]);
+            ret.x[l0/2 + 1] = make_half2(tile_float.x[l0 + 2], tile_float.x[l0 + 3]);
+
+            // On Volta FP16 and FP32 tiles have a different memory layout,
+            //     for the conversion threads with an offset of 2 need to exchange half their values:
+            ret.x[l0/2 + (((threadIdx.x % 4) / 2) ^ 1)] = __shfl_xor_sync(
+                0xFFFFFFFF, ret.x[l0/2 + (((threadIdx.x % 4) / 2) ^ 1)], 2, WARP_SIZE);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+#endif // defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void make_identity_mat(tile<16, 8, half2> & t) {
+#if defined(RDNA4)
+        const int row = t.get_i(0);
+        const int left_right = t.get_j(0) / 4;
+        const int up_down = row / 8;
+        const int idx = row % 8;
+        reinterpret_cast<half*>(t.x)[idx] = left_right == up_down ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(t);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(RDNA4)
+    }
 
-    template <int I, int J, typename T>
-    static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_generic(tile<I, J, T> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
+    template <int I, int J, typename T, data_layout dl>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_generic(tile<I, J, T, dl> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        if constexpr (I == 64 && J == 2) { // Special tile size to load <16, 4> as <16, 8>
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < t.ne; ++l) {
+                t.x[l] = xs0[t.get_i(l)*stride + t.get_j(l)];
+            }
+        } else {
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(t.x)>(t.x, xs0 + t.get_i(0) * stride + t.get_j(0));
+        }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        // All wmma layout has contiguous data when i-major.
+        if constexpr (is_i_major(dl)) {
+            // the data must be aligned to 16 bytes when bigger than ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes()
+            constexpr int aligned_copy_bytes = ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+            if constexpr (sizeof(t.x) > aligned_copy_bytes) {
+                static_assert(sizeof(t.x) % aligned_copy_bytes == 0, "bad type size");
+                constexpr int aligned_copy_count = sizeof(t.x)/aligned_copy_bytes;
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i = 0; i < aligned_copy_count; ++i) {
+                    ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<aligned_copy_bytes>(t.x + t.ne/aligned_copy_count*i, xs0 + t.get_i(0) * stride + t.get_j(t.ne/aligned_copy_count*i));
+                }
+            } else {
+                ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<sizeof(t.x)>(t.x, xs0 + t.get_i(0) * stride + t.get_j(0));
+            }
+        } else {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < t.ne; ++l) {
+                t.x[l] = xs0[t.get_i(l)*stride + t.get_j(l)];
+            }
+        }
+#else
 #pragma unroll
         for (int l = 0; l < t.ne; ++l) {
             t.x[l] = xs0[t.get_i(l)*stride + t.get_j(l)];
         }
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
     template <typename T>
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix(
             tile<8, 8, T> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
         int * xi = (int *) t.x;
         const int * xs = (const int *) xs0 + (threadIdx.x % t.I) * stride + ((threadIdx.x / t.I) * (t.J / 2)) % t.J;
         asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x2.b16 {%0, %1}, [%2];"
@@ -165,58 +765,94 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "l"(xs));
 #else
         load_generic(t, xs0, stride);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
     template <typename T>
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix(
             tile<16, 4, T> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
         int * xi = (int *) t.x;
         const int * xs = (const int *) xs0 + (threadIdx.x % t.I) * stride;
         asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x2.b16 {%0, %1}, [%2];"
             : "=r"(xi[0]), "=r"(xi[1])
             : "l"(xs));
 #else
-        load_generic(xs0, stride);
-        GGML_UNUSED(t);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(t, xs0, stride);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#else
+        load_generic(t, xs0, stride);
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
-    template <typename T>
+    template <typename T, data_layout dl>
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix(
-            tile<16, 8, T> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            tile<16, 8, T, dl> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
         int * xi = (int * ) t.x;
         const int * xs = (const int *) xs0 + (threadIdx.x % t.I) * stride + (threadIdx.x / t.I) * (t.J / 2);
         asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x4.b16 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, [%4];"
             : "=r"(xi[0]), "=r"(xi[1]), "=r"(xi[2]), "=r"(xi[3])
             : "l"(xs));
+#else
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#if 1
+        // TODO: more generic handling
+        static_assert(sizeof(T) == 4, "bad type size");
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<4*sizeof(T)>(t.x + 0, xs0 + t.get_i(0)*stride + 0);
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<4*sizeof(T)>(t.x + 4, xs0 + t.get_i(4)*stride + 4);
 #else
         load_generic(t, xs0, stride);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // 1
+#else
+        load_generic(t, xs0, stride);
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix(
+            tile<8, 4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED> & t, const half2 * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<4*sizeof(half2)>(t.x, xs0 + t.get_i(0)*stride);
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix(
+            tile<8, 4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR_MIRRORED> & t, const half2 * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < t.ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<2*sizeof(half2)>(t.x + l0, xs0 + t.get_i(l0)*stride + t.get_j(l0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix(
+            tile<32, 4, half2> & t, const half2 * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<4*sizeof(half2)>(t.x, xs0 + t.get_i(0)*stride);
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(t, xs0, stride);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
     }
 
     template <typename T>
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix_trans(
             tile<16, 8, T> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
         int * xi = (int * ) t.x;
         const int * xs = (const int *) xs0 + (threadIdx.x % t.I) * stride + (threadIdx.x / t.I) * (t.J / 2);
         asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x4.trans.b16 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, [%4];"
             : "=r"(xi[0]), "=r"(xi[2]), "=r"(xi[1]), "=r"(xi[3])
             : "l"(xs));
 #else
-        GGML_UNUSED(t);
-        GGML_UNUSED(xs0);
-        GGML_UNUSED(stride);
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(t, xs0, stride);
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
             tile<16, 8, int> & D, const tile<16, 4, int> & A, const tile<8, 4, int> & B) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
         asm("mma.sync.aligned.m16n8k16.row.col.s32.s8.s8.s32 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5}, {%6}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
             : "+r"(D.x[0]), "+r"(D.x[1]), "+r"(D.x[2]), "+r"(D.x[3])
@@ -231,16 +867,14 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "r"(A.x[1]), "r"(B.x[0]));
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 #else
-        GGML_UNUSED(D);
-        GGML_UNUSED(A);
-        GGML_UNUSED(B);
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
             tile<16, 8, int> & D, const tile<16, 8, int> & A, const tile<8, 8, int> & B) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
         asm("mma.sync.aligned.m16n8k32.row.col.s32.s8.s8.s32 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
             : "+r"(D.x[0]), "+r"(D.x[1]), "+r"(D.x[2]), "+r"(D.x[3])
@@ -261,16 +895,14 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "r"(A.x[3]), "r"(B.x[1]));
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 #else
-        GGML_UNUSED(D);
-        GGML_UNUSED(A);
-        GGML_UNUSED(B);
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
             tile<16, 4, half2> & D, const tile<16, 8, half2> & A, const tile<8, 8, half2> & B) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
         const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
         const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
         int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
@@ -288,16 +920,14 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[1]));
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 #else
-        GGML_UNUSED(D);
-        GGML_UNUSED(A);
-        GGML_UNUSED(B);
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
             tile<16, 8, half2> & D, const tile<16, 8, half2> & A, const tile<16, 8, half2> & B) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
         const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
         const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
         int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
@@ -323,17 +953,117 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3])
             : "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[3]));
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+#if defined(RDNA4)
+        using halfx8_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(8))) _Float16;
+        halfx8_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<halfx8_t&>(D.x[0]);
+        const halfx8_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx8_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const halfx8_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx8_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_f16_16x16x16_f16_w32_gfx12(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag);
 #else
-        GGML_UNUSED(D);
-        GGML_UNUSED(A);
-        GGML_UNUSED(B);
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(RDNA4)
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        // MFMA: FP16 input, FP32 accumulate, convert back to half2.
+        using halfx4_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4))) _Float16;
+        using floatx4_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4))) float;
+
+        // Convert existing half2 accumulator to float for MFMA:
+        floatx4_t acc_f32;
+        {
+            const halfx4_t acc_h = reinterpret_cast<const halfx4_t&>(D.x[0]);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+                acc_f32[i] = (float)acc_h[i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        const halfx4_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx4_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const halfx4_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx4_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_f32 = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_f32_16x16x16f16(a_frag, b_frag, acc_f32, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        // Convert back to half2:
+        {
+            halfx4_t result_h;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+                result_h[i] = (_Float16)acc_f32[i];
+            }
+            reinterpret_cast<halfx4_t&>(D.x[0]) = result_h;
+        }
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    template <data_layout dl_ab, data_layout dl_d>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<16, 8, float, dl_d> & D, const tile<16, 8, float, dl_ab> & A, const tile<8, 8, float, dl_ab> & B) {
+#ifdef AMPERE_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
+        const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
+        int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m16n8k8.row.col.f32.tf32.tf32.f32 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3])
+            : "r"(Axi[0]), "r"(Axi[1]), "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[0]), "r"(Bxi[1]));
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // AMPERE_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    template <data_layout dl_ab, data_layout dl_d>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<16, 16, float, dl_d> & D, const tile<16, 8, float, dl_ab> & A, const tile<16, 8, float, dl_ab> & B) {
+#ifdef AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
+        using floatx4_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4))) float;
+        floatx4_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<floatx4_t&>(D.x[0]);
+#if defined(CDNA3)
+        using floatx2_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(2))) float;
+        const floatx2_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const floatx2_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const floatx2_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const floatx2_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_f32_16x16x8_xf32(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag, 0, 0, 0);
+#elif defined(CDNA2) || defined(CDNA1)
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+            acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_f32_16x16x4f32(A.x[i], B.x[i], acc_frag, 0, 0, 0);
+        }
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(CDNA3)
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma_block_scaled(tile<16, 8, float> &     D,
+                                                            const tile<16, 8, int> & A,
+                                                            const tile<8, 8, int> &  B,
+                                                            uint32_t                 a_scale,
+                                                            uint32_t                 b_scale) {
+#ifdef BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
+        const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
+        float *     Dxi = (float *) D.x;
+
+        asm volatile(
+            "mma.sync.aligned.kind::mxf4.block_scale.scale_vec::2X.m16n8k64.row.col.f32.e2m1.e2m1.f32.ue8m0 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%0, %1, %2, %3}, "
+            "%10, {0, 0}, %11, {0, 0};"
+            : "+f"(Dxi[0]), "+f"(Dxi[1]), "+f"(Dxi[2]), "+f"(Dxi[3])
+            : "r"(Axi[0]), "r"(Axi[1]), "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[0]), "r"(Bxi[1]), "r"(a_scale), "r"(b_scale));
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B, a_scale, b_scale);
+#endif  // BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
             tile<16, 8, float> & D, const tile<16, 8, half2> & A, const tile<8, 8, half2> & B) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
         const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
         const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
         int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
@@ -351,16 +1081,30 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[1]));
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 #else
-        GGML_UNUSED(D);
-        GGML_UNUSED(A);
-        GGML_UNUSED(B);
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<16, 8, float> & D, const tile<16, 8, nv_bfloat162> & A, const tile<8, 8, nv_bfloat162> & B) {
+#ifdef AMPERE_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
+        const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
+        int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m16n8k16.row.col.f32.bf16.bf16.f32 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3])
+            : "r"(Axi[0]), "r"(Axi[1]), "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[0]), "r"(Bxi[1]));
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // AMPERE_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
+    template <data_layout dl_ab, data_layout dl_d>
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
-            tile<16, 16, float> & D, const tile<16, 8, half2> & A, const tile<16, 8, half2> & B) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            tile<16, 16, float, dl_d> & D, const tile<16, 8, half2, dl_ab> & A, const tile<16, 8, half2, dl_ab> & B) {
+#ifdef TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
         const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
         const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
         int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
@@ -386,11 +1130,280 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "+r"(Dxi[4]), "+r"(Dxi[5]), "+r"(Dxi[6]), "+r"(Dxi[7])
             : "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[3]));
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+#if defined(RDNA4)
+        using halfx8_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(8))) _Float16;
+        using floatx8_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(8))) float;
+        floatx8_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<floatx8_t&>(D.x[0]);
+        const halfx8_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx8_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const halfx8_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx8_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_f32_16x16x16_f16_w32_gfx12(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag);
+#elif defined(RDNA3)
+        using halfx16_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(16))) _Float16;
+        using floatx8_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(8))) float;
+        floatx8_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<floatx8_t&>(D.x[0]);
+        const halfx16_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx16_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const halfx16_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx16_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_f32_16x16x16_f16_w32(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag);
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // RDNA4
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        using halfx4_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4))) _Float16;
+        using floatx4_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4))) float;
+        floatx4_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<floatx4_t&>(D.x[0]);
+        const halfx4_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx4_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const halfx4_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const halfx4_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_f32_16x16x16f16(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag, 0, 0, 0);
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    template <data_layout dl_ab, data_layout dl_d>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<16, 16, float, dl_d> & D, const tile<16, 8, nv_bfloat162, dl_ab> & A, const tile<16, 8, nv_bfloat162, dl_ab> & B) {
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+#if defined(RDNA4)
+        using bf16x8_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(8))) __bf16;
+        using floatx8_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(8))) float;
+        floatx8_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<floatx8_t&>(D.x[0]);
+        const bf16x8_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x8_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const bf16x8_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x8_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_f32_16x16x16_bf16_w32_gfx12(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag);
+#elif defined(RDNA3)
+        using bf16x16_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(16))) __bf16;
+        using floatx8_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(8))) float;
+        floatx8_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<floatx8_t&>(D.x[0]);
+        const bf16x16_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x16_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const bf16x16_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x16_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_f32_16x16x16_bf16_w32(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag);
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(RDNA4)
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        using floatx4_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4))) float;
+        floatx4_t& acc_frag = reinterpret_cast<floatx4_t&>(D.x[0]);
+#if defined(CDNA3) || defined(CDNA2)
+        using bf16x4_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4))) __bf16;
+        const bf16x4_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x4_t&>(A.x[0]);
+        const bf16x4_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x4_t&>(B.x[0]);
+        acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_f32_16x16x16bf16_1k(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag, 0, 0, 0);
+#elif defined(CDNA1)
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+            using bf16x2_t = __attribute__((ext_vector_type(2))) __bf16;
+            const bf16x2_t& a_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x2_t&>(A.x[i]);
+            const bf16x2_t& b_frag = reinterpret_cast<const bf16x2_t&>(B.x[i]);
+            acc_frag = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_f32_16x16x8bf16(a_frag, b_frag, acc_frag, 0, 0, 0);
+        }
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(CDNA3) || defined(CDNA2)
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    }
+
+    template <data_layout dl_d, data_layout dl_ab>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<16, 16, int, dl_d> & D, const tile<16, 8, int, dl_ab> & A, const tile<16, 8, int, dl_ab> & B) {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        using int32x4_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(4 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x4_t * acc = (int32x4_t *) D.x;
+#if defined(CDNA3)
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_i32_16x16x32_i8(((int64_t *) A.x)[0],
+                                                       ((int64_t *) B.x)[0],
+                                                       acc[0],
+                                                       0, 0, 0);
+#elif defined(CDNA2) || defined(CDNA)
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_i32_16x16x16i8(A.x[0],
+                                                      B.x[0],
+                                                      acc[0],
+                                                      0, 0, 0);
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_i32_16x16x16i8(A.x[1],
+                                                      B.x[1],
+                                                      acc[0],
+                                                      0, 0, 0);
+#endif // defined(CDNA3)
+
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+        using int32x8_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(8 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x8_t * acc = (int32x8_t *) D.x;
+
+#if defined(RDNA4)
+        using int32x2_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(2 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x2_t * a_vec = (int32x2_t *) A.x;
+        int32x2_t * b_vec = (int32x2_t *) B.x;
+
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu8_w32_gfx12(
+            true,
+            a_vec[0],
+            true,
+            b_vec[0],
+            acc[0],
+            true
+        );
+
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu8_w32_gfx12(
+            true,
+            a_vec[1],
+            true,
+            b_vec[1],
+            acc[0],
+            true
+        );
+
+#elif defined(RDNA3)
+        using int32x4_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(4 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x4_t * a_vec = (int32x4_t *) A.x;
+        int32x4_t * b_vec = (int32x4_t *) B.x;
+
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu8_w32(
+            true,
+            a_vec[0],
+            true,
+            b_vec[0],
+            acc[0],
+            true
+        );
+
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu8_w32(
+            true,
+            a_vec[1],
+            true,
+            b_vec[1],
+            acc[0],
+            true
+        );
+#endif // RDNA4
+
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<32, 32, int> & D, const tile<32, 4, int> & A, const tile<32, 4, int> & B) {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        using int32x16_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(16 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x16_t * acc = (int32x16_t *) D.x;
+#if defined(CDNA3)
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_i32_32x32x16_i8(((int64_t *) A.x)[0],
+                                                       ((int64_t *) B.x)[0],
+                                                       acc[0],
+                                                       0, 0, 0);
+#elif defined(CDNA2) || defined(CDNA)
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_i32_32x32x8i8(A.x[0],
+                                                     B.x[0],
+                                                     acc[0],
+                                                     0, 0, 0);
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_mfma_i32_32x32x8i8(A.x[1],
+                                                     B.x[1],
+                                                     acc[0],
+                                                     0, 0, 0);
+#endif // defined(CDNA3)
+
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
+    }
+
+    template <typename T1, typename T2, int J, int K>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<32, J, T1> & D, const tile<32, K, T2> & A, const tile<J, K, T2> & B) {
+        tile      <16, J, T1> * D16 = reinterpret_cast<      tile<16, J, T1> *>(&D);
+        const tile<16, K, T2> * A16 = reinterpret_cast<const tile<16, K, T2> *>(&A);
+        mma(D16[0], A16[0], B);
+        mma(D16[1], A16[1], B);
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<32, 8, float> & D, const tile<32, 4, half2> & A, const tile<8, 4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED> & B) {
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
+        const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
+        int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.col.f32.f16.f16.f32 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%10, %11}, {%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3]), "+r"(Dxi[4]), "+r"(Dxi[5]), "+r"(Dxi[6]), "+r"(Dxi[7])
+            : "r"(Axi[0]), "r"(Axi[1]), "r"(Bxi[0]), "r"(Bxi[1]));
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.col.f32.f16.f16.f32 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%10, %11}, {%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3]), "+r"(Dxi[4]), "+r"(Dxi[5]), "+r"(Dxi[6]), "+r"(Dxi[7])
+            : "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[2]), "r"(Bxi[3]));
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<32, 4, half2> & D, const tile<32, 4, half2> & A, const tile<8, 4, half2, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR_MIRRORED> & B) {
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
+        const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
+        int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.row.f16.f16.f16.f16 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5}, {%6, %7}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3])
+            : "r"(Axi[0]), "r"(Axi[1]), "r"(Bxi[0]), "r"(Bxi[1]));
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.row.f16.f16.f16.f16 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3}, {%4, %5}, {%6, %7}, {%0, %1, %2, %3};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3])
+            : "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[2]), "r"(Bxi[3]));
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(D, A, B);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+    }
+
+    template <data_layout dl_d, data_layout dl_ab>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<16, 16, int, dl_d> & D, const tile<16, 4, int, dl_ab> & A, const tile<16, 4, int, dl_ab> & B) {
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        using int32x8_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(8 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x8_t * acc = (int32x8_t *) D.x;
+#if defined(RDNA4)
+        using int32x2_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(2 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x2_t * a_vec = (int32x2_t *) A.x;
+        int32x2_t * b_vec = (int32x2_t *) B.x;
+
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu8_w32_gfx12(
+            true,
+            a_vec[0],
+            true,
+            b_vec[0],
+            acc[0],
+            false
+        );
+#elif defined(RDNA3)
+        using int32x4_t = __attribute__((__vector_size__(4 * sizeof(int)))) int;
+        int32x4_t * a_vec = (int32x4_t *) A.x;
+        int32x4_t * b_vec = (int32x4_t *) B.x;
+
+        acc[0] = __builtin_amdgcn_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu8_w32(
+            true,
+            a_vec[0],
+            true,
+            b_vec[0],
+            acc[0],
+            false
+        );
+#endif // RDNA4
 #else
         GGML_UNUSED(D);
         GGML_UNUSED(A);
         GGML_UNUSED(B);
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aad4c34aa66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "mmf.cuh"
+#include "mmid.cuh"
+
+static __forceinline__ int mmf_get_rows_per_block(const int cc) {
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)) {
+        return MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA;
+    } else {
+        return MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_f(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(        src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ids ||  ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(         dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const size_t ts_src0 = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t ts_src1 = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const size_t ts_dst  = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne13 == ne3);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(        nb00       == ts_src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(        nb10       == ts_src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ids->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(ids->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(        nb0        == ts_dst);
+
+    const float   * src1_d =       (const float   *) src1->data;
+    const int32_t *  ids_d = ids ? (const int32_t *)  ids->data : nullptr;
+    float         *  dst_d =       (float         *)  dst->data;
+
+    const int64_t s01 = src0->nb[1] / ts_src0;
+    const int64_t s11 = src1->nb[1] / ts_src1;
+    const int64_t s1  =  dst->nb[1] / ts_dst;
+    const int64_t s02 = src0->nb[2] / ts_src0;
+    const int64_t s12 = src1->nb[2] / ts_src1;
+    const int64_t s2  =  dst->nb[2] / ts_dst;
+    const int64_t s03 = src0->nb[3] / ts_src0;
+    const int64_t s13 = src1->nb[3] / ts_src1;
+    const int64_t s3  =  dst->nb[3] / ts_dst;
+
+    const int64_t ids_s0 = ids ? ids->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(ids->type) : 0;
+    const int64_t ids_s1 = ids ? ids->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(ids->type) : 0;
+
+    mmf_ids_data ids_info{};
+    mmf_ids_data * ids_info_ptr = nullptr;
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int32_t> ids_src_compact_dev;
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int32_t> ids_dst_compact_dev;
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int32_t> expert_bounds_dev;
+
+    // For MUL_MAT_ID the memory layout is different than for MUL_MAT:
+    const int64_t ncols_dst          = ids ? ne2  : ne1;
+    const int64_t nchannels_dst      = ids ? ne1 : ne2;
+
+    const int64_t stride_col_dst     = ids ? s2   : s1;
+    const int64_t stride_col_y       = ids ? s12  : s11;
+    const int64_t stride_channel_dst = ids ? s1 : s2;
+
+    int64_t stride_channel_y         = ids ? s11  : s12;
+    int64_t nchannels_y              = ids ? ne11 : ne12;
+
+    //mul_mat_id: handle broadcast
+    if (ids && nchannels_y == 1) {
+        stride_channel_y = 0;
+        nchannels_y      = ids->ne[0];
+    }
+
+    if (ids && ncols_dst > 16) {
+        const int64_t n_expert_used = ids->ne[0];
+        const int64_t n_experts     = ne02;
+        const int64_t n_tokens      = ne12;
+        const int64_t ne_get_rows   = n_tokens * n_expert_used;
+
+        ids_src_compact_dev.alloc(ctx.pool(), ne_get_rows);
+        ids_dst_compact_dev.alloc(ctx.pool(), ne_get_rows);
+        expert_bounds_dev.alloc(ctx.pool(), n_experts + 1);
+
+        const int si1  = static_cast<int>(ids_s1);
+        const int sis1 = static_cast<int>(src1->nb[2] / src1->nb[1]);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(sis1 > 0);
+
+        ggml_cuda_launch_mm_ids_helper(ids_d, ids_src_compact_dev.get(), ids_dst_compact_dev.get(), expert_bounds_dev.get(),
+            static_cast<int>(n_experts), static_cast<int>(n_tokens), static_cast<int>(n_expert_used), static_cast<int>(ne11), si1, sis1, ctx.stream());
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
+
+        ids_info.ids_src_compact   = ids_src_compact_dev.get();
+        ids_info.ids_dst_compact   = ids_dst_compact_dev.get();
+        ids_info.expert_bounds_dev = expert_bounds_dev.get();
+        ids_info.n_experts         = static_cast<int>(n_experts);
+        ids_info.sis1              = sis1;
+        ids_info_ptr = &ids_info;
+    }
+
+    const int device    = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int cc        = ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc;
+    const int rows_per_block = mmf_get_rows_per_block(cc);
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
+            const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+            constexpr int vals_per_T = 1;
+            mul_mat_f_switch_rows_per_block<float>(
+                rows_per_block, src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, dst_d, ne00/vals_per_T, ne01, ncols_dst, s01/vals_per_T, stride_col_y/vals_per_T, stride_col_dst,
+                ids_s0, ids_s1, ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02/vals_per_T, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                ne03, ne3, s03/vals_per_T, s13, s3, ctx.stream(), ids_info_ptr);
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
+            const half2 * src0_d = (const half2 *) src0->data;
+            constexpr int vals_per_T = 2;
+            mul_mat_f_switch_rows_per_block<half2>(
+                rows_per_block, src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, dst_d, ne00/vals_per_T, ne01, ncols_dst, s01/vals_per_T, stride_col_y/vals_per_T, stride_col_dst,
+                ids_s0, ids_s1, ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02/vals_per_T, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                ne03, ne3, s03/vals_per_T, s13, s3, ctx.stream(), ids_info_ptr);
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: {
+            const nv_bfloat162 * src0_d = (const nv_bfloat162 *) src0->data;
+            constexpr int vals_per_T = 2;
+            mul_mat_f_switch_rows_per_block<nv_bfloat162>(
+                rows_per_block, src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, dst_d, ne00/vals_per_T, ne01, ncols_dst, s01/vals_per_T, stride_col_y/vals_per_T, stride_col_dst,
+                ids_s0, ids_s1, ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02/vals_per_T, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                ne03, ne3, s03/vals_per_T, s13, s3, ctx.stream(), ids_info_ptr);
+        } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type: %s", ggml_type_name(src0->type));
+    }
+}
+
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int warp_size, const int64_t * src0_ne,
+        const size_t * src0_nb, const int src1_ncols, bool mul_mat_id) {
+    if (ggml_is_quantized(type)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(type);
+    if (src0_ne[0] % (warp_size * (4/ts)) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src0_nb[0] != ts) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Pointers not aligned to the size of half2/nv_bfloat162/float2 would result in a crash:
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+        if (src0_nb[i] % (2*ts) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (src0_ne[1] % mmf_get_rows_per_block(cc) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA3(cc) && type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (mul_mat_id) {
+        if (src0_ne[1] <= 1024 && src1_ncols > 512) {
+            return false;
+        } else if(src0_ne[1] > 1024 && src1_ncols > 128) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_0(cc) && src1_ncols > 8) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA2(cc) && (type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || type == GGML_TYPE_BF16)) {
+            //TODO: truse CDNA2 as CDNA1, tune the perf when CDNA2 is available.
+            return false;
+        } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA1(cc) && (type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || type == GGML_TYPE_BF16)) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (src1_ncols > 16) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            return ampere_mma_available(cc) || amd_mfma_available(cc);
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            return volta_mma_available(cc) || turing_mma_available(cc) || amd_wmma_available(cc) || amd_mfma_available(cc);
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            return ampere_mma_available(cc) || amd_wmma_available(cc) || amd_mfma_available(cc);
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c2a8d54c95a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,908 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mma.cuh"
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+
+using namespace ggml_cuda_mma;
+
+#define MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK 32
+#define MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA 64
+
+static __forceinline__ int64_t mmf_get_max_block_size(int cc) {
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)) {
+        return 512;
+    } else {
+        return 256;
+    }
+}
+
+static __forceinline__ int mmf_get_padding(int cc) {
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)) {
+        return 2;
+    } else {
+        return 4;
+    }
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int mmf_get_padding() {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return 2;
+#else
+    return 4;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+}
+
+struct mmf_ids_data {
+    const int32_t * ids_src_compact = nullptr;
+    const int32_t * ids_dst_compact = nullptr;
+    const int32_t * expert_bounds_dev = nullptr;
+    int n_experts = 0;
+    int sis1 = 0;
+};
+
+void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_f(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int warp_size, const int64_t * scr0_ne, const size_t * src0_nb, const int src1_ncols, bool mul_mat_id);
+
+template <typename T, int rows_per_block, int cols_per_block, int nwarps, bool has_ids>
+__launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()*nwarps, 1)
+static __global__ void mul_mat_f(
+        const T * __restrict__ x, const float * __restrict__ y, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, float * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int ncols, const int ncols_dst_total, const int nchannels_dst, const int stride_row, const int stride_col_y, const int stride_col_dst,
+        const int stride_col_id, const int stride_row_id,
+        const int channel_ratio, const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
+        const int sample_ratio, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst) {
+// TODO: handle this in a consistent and simpler way after AMD MFMA support has been added
+#if defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if constexpr (!(std::is_same_v<T, half2> || std::is_same_v<T, nv_bfloat162>) || rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     get_input_data_layout()> tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     get_input_data_layout()> tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, float, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR>     tile_C;
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if constexpr (rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR> tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR> tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, float, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+#else
+#ifdef VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<T, half2> || rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<32, 4, T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>          tile_A;
+    typedef tile< 8, 4, T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED> tile_B;
+    typedef tile<32, 8, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>          tile_C;
+#else
+    if constexpr (rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<16, 8, T>     tile_A;
+    typedef tile<8,  8, T>     tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 8, float> tile_C;
+#endif // VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if constexpr (!tile_A::supported() || !tile_B::supported() || !tile_C::supported()) {
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    constexpr int tile_k_padded = warp_size + mmf_get_padding();
+    constexpr int ntA = rows_per_block / tile_A::I;
+    constexpr int ntB = (cols_per_block + tile_B::I - 1) / tile_B::I;
+
+    const int row0        = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block;
+
+    int expert_idx = 0;
+    int col_base = 0;
+
+    const int channel_dst = has_ids ? 0 : blockIdx.y;
+
+    if constexpr (has_ids) {
+        // experts + tiles of ncols_dst are packed in the y dimension
+        int col_tiles = (ncols_dst_total + cols_per_block - 1) / cols_per_block;
+        const int nchannels_x = gridDim.y / col_tiles;
+        const int tile_idx = blockIdx.y / nchannels_x;
+        expert_idx = blockIdx.y - tile_idx * nchannels_x;
+        col_base = tile_idx * cols_per_block;
+    }
+
+    const int channel_x   = has_ids ? expert_idx : (channel_dst / channel_ratio);
+    const int channel_y   = channel_dst;
+    const int sample_dst  = blockIdx.z;
+    const int sample_x    = sample_dst / sample_ratio;
+    const int sample_y    = sample_dst;
+
+    x   += int64_t(sample_x)  *stride_sample_x   + channel_x  *stride_channel_x  + row0*stride_row ;
+    y   += int64_t(sample_y)  *stride_sample_y   + (has_ids ? 0 : channel_y  *stride_channel_y);
+    dst += int64_t(sample_dst)*stride_sample_dst + (has_ids ? 0 : channel_dst*stride_channel_dst);
+
+    if constexpr (has_ids) {
+        constexpr int y_stride_scale = std::is_same_v<T, float> ? 1 : 2;
+        const int64_t col_offset = col_base;
+        y   += col_offset * stride_col_y * y_stride_scale;
+        dst += col_offset * stride_col_dst;
+        ids += col_offset * stride_row_id;
+    }
+
+    const float2 * y2 = (const float2 *) y;
+
+    extern __shared__ char data_mmv[];
+
+    char * shmem_base = data_mmv;
+    int  * slot_map   = (int *) shmem_base;
+    char * compute_base = has_ids ? (shmem_base + GGML_PAD(cols_per_block, 16) * sizeof(int)) : shmem_base;
+
+    tile_C C[ntA][ntB];
+
+    T * tile_xy = (T *) compute_base + threadIdx.y*(tile_A::I * tile_k_padded);
+
+    if constexpr (has_ids) {
+        int found = 0;
+
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < cols_per_block; j0 += nwarps) {
+            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+            if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+                slot_map[j] = -1;
+            }
+
+            if (col_base + j >= ncols_dst_total) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const int32_t * __restrict__ id_row = ids + j*stride_row_id;
+
+            for (int k = threadIdx.x; k < nchannels_dst; k += warp_size) {
+                int match = id_row[k*stride_col_id] == expert_idx;
+
+                if (match) {
+                    slot_map[j] = k;
+                    found = 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!__syncthreads_or(found)) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    for (int col = threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x; col < ncols; col += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        tile_A A[ntA][warp_size / tile_A::J];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int itA = 0; itA < ntA; ++itA) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < tile_A::I; ++i) {
+                tile_xy[i*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = x[(itA*tile_A::I + i)*stride_row  + col];
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k0 = 0; k0 < warp_size; k0 += tile_A::J) {
+                load_ldmatrix(A[itA][k0/tile_A::J], tile_xy + k0, tile_k_padded);
+            }
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int itB = 0; itB < ntB; ++itB) {
+            if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < tile_B::I; ++j0) {
+                    const int j = j0 + itB*tile_B::I;
+
+                    if constexpr (!has_ids) {
+                        tile_xy[j0*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = j < cols_per_block ? y[j*stride_col_y + col] : 0.0f;
+                    } else {
+                        const bool valid = j < cols_per_block && (col_base + j) < ncols_dst_total && slot_map[j] >= 0;
+                        tile_xy[j0*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = valid ? y[slot_map[j]*stride_channel_y + j*stride_col_y + col] : 0.0f;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half2> || std::is_same_v<T, nv_bfloat162>) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < tile_B::I; ++j0) {
+                    const int j = j0 + itB*tile_B::I;
+
+                    if constexpr (!has_ids) {
+                        const float2 tmp = j < cols_per_block ? y2[j*stride_col_y + col] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                        tile_xy[j0*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = ggml_cuda_cast<T>(tmp);
+                    } else {
+                        const bool valid = j < cols_per_block && (col_base + j) < ncols_dst_total && slot_map[j] >= 0;
+                        float2 tmp = valid ? *(const float2*) &y[slot_map[j]*stride_channel_y + 2*(j*stride_col_y + col)] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                        tile_xy[j0*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = ggml_cuda_cast<T>(tmp);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "unsupported type");
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k0 = 0; k0 < warp_size; k0 += tile_B::J) {
+                tile_B B;
+                load_ldmatrix(B, tile_xy + k0, tile_k_padded);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int itA = 0; itA < ntA; ++itA) {
+                    mma(C[itA][itB], A[itA][k0/tile_B::J], B);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    float * buf_iw = (float *) compute_base;
+    constexpr int kiw = nwarps*rows_per_block + mmf_get_padding();
+
+    if (nwarps > 1) {
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int itB = 0; itB < ntB; ++itB) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int itA = 0; itA < ntA; ++itA) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                const int i = threadIdx.y*rows_per_block + itA*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                const int j = itB*tile_C::J + tile_C::get_j(l);
+                buf_iw[j*kiw + i] = C[itA][itB].x[l];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nwarps > 1) {
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < cols_per_block; j0 += nwarps) {
+        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+        if (j0 + nwarps > cols_per_block && j >= cols_per_block) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float sum[rows_per_block/warp_size] = {0.0f};
+        static_assert((rows_per_block % warp_size) == 0, "rows_per_block must be a multiple of warp_size.");
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nwarps*rows_per_block; i0 += rows_per_block) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < sizeof(sum)/sizeof(sum[0]); ++i1) {
+                const int i = i0 + i1*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
+
+                sum[i1] += buf_iw[j*kiw + i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if constexpr (!has_ids) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < sizeof(sum)/sizeof(sum[0]); ++i0) {
+                dst[j*stride_col_dst + row0 + i0*warp_size + threadIdx.x] = sum[i0];
+            }
+        } else {
+            const int slot = (j < cols_per_block) ? slot_map[j] : -1;
+            if (slot >= 0 && (col_base + j) < ncols_dst_total) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < sizeof(sum)/sizeof(sum[0]); ++i0) {
+                    dst[slot*stride_channel_dst + j*stride_col_dst + row0 + i0*warp_size + threadIdx.x] = sum[i0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(x, y, ids, dst,
+        ncols, ncols_dst_total, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+        stride_col_id, stride_row_id,
+        channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+        sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+}
+
+//This kernel is for larger batch sizes of mul_mat_id
+template <typename T, int rows_per_block, int cols_per_block, int nwarps>
+__launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()*nwarps, 1)
+static __global__ void mul_mat_f_ids(
+        const T * __restrict__ x, const float * __restrict__ y,
+        const int32_t * __restrict__ ids_src_compact, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids_dst_compact,
+        const int32_t * __restrict__ expert_bounds, float * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int ncols, const int ncols_dst_total, const int nchannels_dst, const int stride_row, const int stride_col_y, const int stride_col_dst,
+        const int channel_ratio, const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
+        const int sample_ratio, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst,
+        const uint3 sis1_fd, const uint3 nch_fd) {
+// TODO: handle this in a consistent and simpler way after AMD MFMA support has been added
+#if defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+#if defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if constexpr (!(std::is_same_v<T, half2> || std::is_same_v<T, nv_bfloat162>) || rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     get_input_data_layout()> tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     get_input_data_layout()> tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, float, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR>     tile_C;
+#elif defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if constexpr (rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR> tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16, 8,  T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR> tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, float, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+#else
+#ifdef VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<T, half2> || rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<32, 4, T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>          tile_A;
+    typedef tile< 8, 4, T,     DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR_MIRRORED> tile_B;
+    typedef tile<32, 8, float, DATA_LAYOUT_I_MAJOR>          tile_C;
+#else
+    if constexpr (rows_per_block != MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK) {NO_DEVICE_CODE;} else {
+    typedef tile<16, 8, T>     tile_A;
+    typedef tile<8,  8, T>     tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 8, float> tile_C;
+#endif // VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    if constexpr (!tile_A::supported() || !tile_B::supported() || !tile_C::supported()) {
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    constexpr int tile_k_padded = warp_size + mmf_get_padding();
+    constexpr int ntA = rows_per_block / tile_A::I;
+    constexpr int ntB = (cols_per_block + tile_B::I - 1) / tile_B::I;
+
+    const int row0        = blockIdx.x * rows_per_block;
+
+    const int expert_idx = blockIdx.y;
+    const int expert_start = expert_bounds[expert_idx];
+    const int expert_end   = expert_bounds[expert_idx + 1];
+    const int ncols_expert = expert_end - expert_start;
+
+    const int tiles_for_expert = (ncols_expert + cols_per_block - 1) / cols_per_block;
+    const int tile_idx = blockIdx.z;
+    if (tile_idx >= tiles_for_expert) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int col_base = tile_idx * cols_per_block;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(channel_ratio);
+
+    const int channel_x   = expert_idx;
+    const int sample_dst  = 0;
+    const int sample_x    = sample_dst / sample_ratio;
+    const int sample_y    = sample_dst;
+
+    x   += int64_t(sample_x)  *stride_sample_x   + channel_x  *stride_channel_x  + row0*stride_row;
+    y   += int64_t(sample_y)  *stride_sample_y;
+    dst += int64_t(sample_dst)*stride_sample_dst;
+
+    const int32_t * ids_src_expert = ids_src_compact + expert_start;
+    const int32_t * ids_dst_expert = ids_dst_compact + expert_start;
+
+    extern __shared__ char data_mmv[];
+    char * compute_base = data_mmv;
+
+    //const float2 * y2 = (const float2 *) y;
+
+    tile_C C[ntA][ntB];
+
+    T * tile_xy = (T *) compute_base + threadIdx.y*(tile_A::I * tile_k_padded);
+
+    for (int col = threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x; col < ncols; col += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        tile_A A[ntA][warp_size / tile_A::J];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int itA = 0; itA < ntA; ++itA) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < tile_A::I; ++i) {
+                tile_xy[i*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = x[(itA*tile_A::I + i)*stride_row  + col];
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k0 = 0; k0 < warp_size; k0 += tile_A::J) {
+                load_ldmatrix(A[itA][k0/tile_A::J], tile_xy + k0, tile_k_padded);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+            float vals_buf[2][tile_B::I];
+            auto gather_tile = [&](int tile_idx_local, float *vals) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < tile_B::I; ++j0) {
+                    const int j = j0 + tile_idx_local*tile_B::I;
+                    const int global_j = col_base + j;
+                    float val = 0.0f;
+                    if (j < cols_per_block && global_j < ncols_expert) {
+                        const int src_entry = ids_src_expert[global_j];
+                        const uint2 qrm = fast_div_modulo((uint32_t) src_entry, sis1_fd);
+                        const int token   = (int) qrm.x;
+                        const int channel = (int) qrm.y;
+                        if (token < ncols_dst_total) {
+                            val = y[channel*stride_channel_y + token*stride_col_y + col];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    vals[j0] = val;
+                }
+            };
+
+            gather_tile(0, vals_buf[0]);
+
+            int curr_buf = 0;
+            int next_buf = 1;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int itB = 0; itB < ntB; ++itB) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < tile_B::I; ++j0) {
+                    tile_xy[j0*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = vals_buf[curr_buf][j0];
+                }
+
+                if (itB + 1 < ntB) {
+                    gather_tile(itB + 1, vals_buf[next_buf]);
+                }
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int k0 = 0; k0 < warp_size; k0 += tile_B::J) {
+                    tile_B B;
+                    load_ldmatrix(B, tile_xy + k0, tile_k_padded);
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int itA = 0; itA < ntA; ++itA) {
+                        mma(C[itA][itB], A[itA][k0/tile_B::J], B);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (itB + 1 < ntB) {
+                    curr_buf ^= 1;
+                    next_buf ^= 1;
+                }
+            }
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half2> || std::is_same_v<T, nv_bfloat162>) {
+            float2 vals_buf[2][tile_B::I];
+            auto gather_tile = [&](int tile_idx_local, float2 *vals) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < tile_B::I; ++j0) {
+                    const int j = j0 + tile_idx_local*tile_B::I;
+                    const int global_j = col_base + j;
+                    float2 tmp = make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                    if (j < cols_per_block && global_j < ncols_expert) {
+                        const int src_entry = ids_src_expert[global_j];
+                        const uint2 qrm = fast_div_modulo((uint32_t) src_entry, sis1_fd);
+                        const int token   = (int) qrm.x;
+                        const int channel = (int) qrm.y;
+                        if (token < ncols_dst_total) {
+                            tmp = *(const float2*) &y[channel*stride_channel_y + 2*(token*stride_col_y + col)];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    vals[j0] = tmp;
+                }
+            };
+
+            if (ntB > 0) {
+                gather_tile(0, vals_buf[0]);
+            }
+
+            int curr_buf = 0;
+            int next_buf = 1;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int itB = 0; itB < ntB; ++itB) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < tile_B::I; ++j0) {
+                    const float2 tmp = vals_buf[curr_buf][j0];
+                    tile_xy[j0*tile_k_padded + threadIdx.x] = ggml_cuda_cast<T>(tmp);
+                }
+
+                if (itB + 1 < ntB) {
+                    gather_tile(itB + 1, vals_buf[next_buf]);
+                }
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int k0 = 0; k0 < warp_size; k0 += tile_B::J) {
+                    tile_B B;
+                    load_ldmatrix(B, tile_xy + k0, tile_k_padded);
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int itA = 0; itA < ntA; ++itA) {
+                        mma(C[itA][itB], A[itA][k0/tile_B::J], B);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (itB + 1 < ntB) {
+                    curr_buf ^= 1;
+                    next_buf ^= 1;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "unsupported type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    float * buf_iw = (float *) compute_base;
+    constexpr int kiw = nwarps*rows_per_block + mmf_get_padding();
+
+    if (nwarps > 1) {
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int itB = 0; itB < ntB; ++itB) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int itA = 0; itA < ntA; ++itA) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                const int i = threadIdx.y*rows_per_block + itA*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                const int j = itB*tile_C::J + tile_C::get_j(l);
+                buf_iw[j*kiw + i] = C[itA][itB].x[l];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nwarps > 1) {
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < cols_per_block; j0 += nwarps) {
+        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+        if (j0 + nwarps > cols_per_block && j >= cols_per_block) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float sum[rows_per_block/warp_size] = {0.0f};
+        static_assert((rows_per_block % warp_size) == 0, "rows_per_block must be a multiple of warp_size.");
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nwarps*rows_per_block; i0 += rows_per_block) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < sizeof(sum)/sizeof(sum[0]); ++i1) {
+                const int i = i0 + i1*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
+
+                sum[i1] += buf_iw[j * kiw + i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        const int global_j = col_base + j;
+        if (j < cols_per_block && global_j < ncols_expert && nchannels_dst > 0) {
+            const int dst_entry = ids_dst_expert[global_j];
+            const uint2 qrm = fast_div_modulo((uint32_t) dst_entry, nch_fd);
+            const int token = (int) qrm.x;
+            if (token < ncols_dst_total) {
+                const int slot = (int) qrm.y;
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < sizeof(sum)/sizeof(sum[0]); ++i0) {
+                    dst[slot * stride_channel_dst + token * stride_col_dst + row0 + i0*warp_size + threadIdx.x] = sum[i0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(x, y, ids_src_compact, ids_dst_compact, expert_bounds, dst,
+        ncols, ncols_dst_total, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+        channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+        sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, sis1_fd, nch_fd);
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // defined(VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+}
+
+template<typename T, int rows_per_block, int cols_per_block, int nwarps>
+static inline void mul_mat_f_switch_ids(
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols_x, const int64_t ncols_dst, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_col_id, const int64_t stride_row_id,
+        const int64_t channel_ratio, const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst,
+        const int64_t sample_ratio, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
+        const dim3 & block_nums, const dim3 & block_dims, const int nbytes_shared_total, cudaStream_t stream,
+        const mmf_ids_data * ids_data) {
+    const bool has_ids_data = ids_data && ids_data->ids_src_compact;
+
+    // Use the compact-ids kernel only for larger tiles; for small ncols_dst (< 16)
+    // we prefer the normal mul_mat_f path with has_ids=true.
+    if (has_ids_data && ncols_dst > 16) {
+        const int max_tiles = (int) ((ncols_dst + cols_per_block - 1) / cols_per_block);
+        if (max_tiles == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        dim3 block_nums_ids(block_nums.x, ids_data->n_experts, max_tiles);
+
+        const uint3 sis1_fd = ids_data->sis1 > 0 ? init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ids_data->sis1) : make_uint3(0, 0, 1);
+        const uint3 nch_fd  = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) nchannels_dst);
+
+        mul_mat_f_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, nwarps><<<block_nums_ids, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream>>>
+            (x, y, ids_data->ids_src_compact, ids_data->ids_dst_compact, ids_data->expert_bounds_dev, dst,
+            ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+            channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+            sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+            sis1_fd, nch_fd);
+    } else if (ids) {
+        const int64_t col_tiles = (ncols_dst + cols_per_block - 1) / cols_per_block;
+        dim3 block_nums_ids = block_nums;
+        block_nums_ids.y *= col_tiles;
+
+        mul_mat_f<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, nwarps, true><<<block_nums_ids, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream>>>
+            (x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+             stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+             sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
+    } else {
+        mul_mat_f<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, nwarps, false><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream>>>
+            (x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, cols_per_block, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+             stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+             sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T, int rows_per_block, int cols_per_block>
+void mul_mat_f_cuda(
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols_x, const int64_t nrows_x, const int64_t ncols_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_col_id, const int64_t stride_row_id,
+        const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
+        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
+        cudaStream_t stream, const mmf_ids_data * ids_data) {
+    typedef tile<16, 8, T>     tile_A_16;
+    typedef tile<32, 8, T>     tile_A_32;
+    typedef tile<16, 8, T>     tile_B_16;
+    typedef tile< 8, 8, T>     tile_B_8;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ncols_x      % 2 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(stride_row   % 2 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(stride_col_y % 2 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids || nchannels_dst % nchannels_x == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(       nsamples_dst  % nsamples_x  == 0);
+    const int64_t channel_ratio = nchannels_dst / nchannels_x;
+    const int64_t sample_ratio  = nsamples_dst  / nsamples_x;
+
+    const int device    = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int cc        = ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc;
+    const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].warp_size;
+
+    int64_t nwarps_best     = 1;
+    int64_t niter_best      = (ncols_x + warp_size*2 - 1) / (warp_size*2);
+    int64_t max_block_size  = mmf_get_max_block_size(cc);
+    for (int64_t nwarps = 2; nwarps <= max_block_size/warp_size; nwarps++) {
+        const int64_t niter = (ncols_x + nwarps*warp_size*2 - 1) / (nwarps*warp_size*2);
+        if (niter < niter_best) {
+            niter_best  = niter;
+            nwarps_best = nwarps;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int nbytes_shared_iter = nwarps_best * (volta_mma_available(cc) ? tile_A_32::I : tile_A_16::I) * (warp_size + mmf_get_padding(cc)) * 4;
+    const int nbytes_cols_per_block_pad = (amd_wmma_available(cc) || amd_mfma_available(cc)) ? tile_B_16::I : tile_B_8::I;
+    const int nbytes_shared_combine = GGML_PAD(cols_per_block, nbytes_cols_per_block_pad) * (nwarps_best*rows_per_block + mmf_get_padding(cc)) * 4;
+    const int nbytes_shared = std::max(nbytes_shared_iter, nbytes_shared_combine);
+    const int nbytes_slotmap = ids ? GGML_PAD(cols_per_block, 16) * sizeof(int) : 0;
+    const int nbytes_shared_total = nbytes_shared + nbytes_slotmap;
+    const int64_t grid_y = ids ? nchannels_x : nchannels_dst;
+
+    const dim3 block_nums(nrows_x/rows_per_block, grid_y, nsamples_dst);
+    const dim3 block_dims(warp_size, nwarps_best, 1);
+
+    switch (nwarps_best) {
+        case 1: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 1>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 2: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 2>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 3: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 3>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 4: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 4>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 5: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 5>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 6: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 6>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 7: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 7>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 8: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_ids<T, rows_per_block, cols_per_block, 8>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, ncols_dst, nchannels_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_total, stream,
+                ids_data);
+        } break;
+        default: {
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        } break;
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(nchannels_y);
+}
+
+template <typename T, int rows_per_block>
+static void mul_mat_f_switch_cols_per_block(
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols_x, const int64_t nrows_x, const int64_t ncols_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_col_id, const int stride_row_id,
+        const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
+        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
+        cudaStream_t stream, const mmf_ids_data * ids_data) {
+
+    const int ncols_case = (ids && ncols_dst > 16) ? 16 : ncols_dst;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids || ncols_dst <= 16);
+
+    switch (ncols_case) {
+        case  1: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 1>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  2: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 2>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  3: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 3>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  4: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 4>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  5: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 5>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y,  stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  6: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 6>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  7: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 7>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  8: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 8>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case  9: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T,  rows_per_block, 9>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 10: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T, rows_per_block, 10>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 11: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T, rows_per_block, 11>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 12: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T, rows_per_block, 12>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 13: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T, rows_per_block, 13>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 14: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T, rows_per_block, 14>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 15: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T, rows_per_block, 15>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case 16: {
+            mul_mat_f_cuda<T, rows_per_block, 16>(x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y,  nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        default: {
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        } break;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void mul_mat_f_switch_rows_per_block(
+        const int rows_per_block, const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols_x, const int64_t nrows_x, const int64_t ncols_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_col_id, const int stride_row_id,
+        const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
+        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
+        cudaStream_t stream, const mmf_ids_data * ids_data) {
+    switch (rows_per_block) {
+        case MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_cols_per_block<T, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        case MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA: {
+            mul_mat_f_switch_cols_per_block<T, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA>(
+                x, y, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                stride_col_id, stride_row_id, nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream, ids_data);
+        } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unsupported rows_per_block: %i", rows_per_block);
+    }
+}
+
+#define DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(T, nrows_dst, ncols_dst) \
+    template void mul_mat_f_cuda<T, nrows_dst, ncols_dst>( \
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, float * dst, \
+        const int64_t ncols_x, const int64_t nrows_x, int64_t ncols_dst_total, const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst, \
+        const int64_t stride_col_id, const int64_t stride_row_id, \
+        const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst, \
+        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,\
+        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst, \
+        cudaStream_t stream, const mmf_ids_data * ids_data);
+
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#define DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(ncols_dst) \
+    extern DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(float, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK, ncols_dst) \
+    extern DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(half2, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK, ncols_dst) \
+    extern DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(nv_bfloat162, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK, ncols_dst) \
+    extern DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(float, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA, ncols_dst) \
+    extern DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(half2, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA, ncols_dst) \
+    extern DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(nv_bfloat162, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA, ncols_dst)
+
+#define DECL_MMF_CASE(ncols_dst) \
+    DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(float, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK, ncols_dst) \
+    DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(half2, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK, ncols_dst) \
+    DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(nv_bfloat162, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK, ncols_dst) \
+    DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(float, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA, ncols_dst) \
+    DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(half2, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA, ncols_dst) \
+    DECL_MMF_CASE_HELPER(nv_bfloat162, MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK_CDNA, ncols_dst)
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(1);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(2);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(3);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(4);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(5);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(6);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(7);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(8);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(9);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(10);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(11);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(12);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(13);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(14);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(15);
+DECL_MMF_CASE_EXTERN(16);
+#else
+#define DECL_MMF_CASE(ncols_dst)
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmid.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmid.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c61e4595a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmid.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "mmid.cuh"
+
+// To reduce shared memory use, store "it" and "iex_used" with 22/10 bits each.
+struct mm_ids_helper_store {
+    uint32_t data;
+
+    __device__ mm_ids_helper_store(const uint32_t it, const uint32_t iex_used) {
+        data = (it & 0x003FFFFF) | (iex_used << 22);
+    }
+
+    __device__ uint32_t it() const {
+        return data & 0x003FFFFF;
+    }
+
+    __device__ uint32_t iex_used() const {
+        return data >> 22;
+    }
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(mm_ids_helper_store) == 4, "unexpected size for mm_ids_helper_store");
+
+// Helper function for mul_mat_id, converts ids to a more convenient format.
+// ids_src1 describes how to permute the flattened column indices of src1 in order to get a compact src1 tensor sorted by expert.
+// ids_dst describes the same mapping but for the dst tensor.
+// The upper and lower bounds for the ith expert in the compact src1 tensor are stored in expert_bounds[i:i+1].
+template <int n_expert_used_template>
+__launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size(), 1)
+static __global__ void mm_ids_helper(
+        const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, int32_t * __restrict__ ids_src1, int32_t * __restrict__ ids_dst, int32_t * __restrict__ expert_bounds,
+        const int n_tokens, const int n_expert_used_var, const int nchannels_y, const int si1, const int sis1) {
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    const int n_expert_used = n_expert_used_template == 0 ? n_expert_used_var : n_expert_used_template;
+    const int expert = blockIdx.x;
+
+    extern __shared__ char data_mm_ids_helper[];
+    mm_ids_helper_store * store = (mm_ids_helper_store *) data_mm_ids_helper;
+
+    int nex_prev   = 0; // Number of columns for experts with a lower index.
+    int it_compact = 0; // Running index for the compact slice of this expert.
+
+    if constexpr (n_expert_used_template == 0) {
+        // Generic implementation:
+        for (int it = 0; it < n_tokens; ++it) {
+            int iex_used = -1; // The index at which the expert is used, if any.
+            for (int iex = threadIdx.x; iex < n_expert_used; iex += warp_size) {
+                const int expert_used = ids[it*si1 + iex];
+                nex_prev += expert_used < expert;
+                if (expert_used == expert) {
+                    iex_used = iex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (iex_used != -1) {
+                store[it_compact] = mm_ids_helper_store(it, iex_used);
+            }
+
+            if (warp_reduce_any<warp_size>(iex_used != -1)) {
+                it_compact++;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Implementation optimized for specific numbers of experts used:
+        static_assert(n_expert_used == 6 || warp_size % n_expert_used == 0, "bad n_expert_used");
+        const int neu_padded = n_expert_used == 6 ? 8 : n_expert_used; // Padded to next higher power of 2.
+        for (int it0 = 0; it0 < n_tokens; it0 += warp_size/neu_padded) {
+            const int it = it0 + threadIdx.x / neu_padded;
+
+            const int iex = threadIdx.x % neu_padded; // The index at which the expert is used, if any.
+            const int expert_used = (neu_padded == n_expert_used || iex < n_expert_used) && it < n_tokens ?
+                ids[it*si1 + iex] : INT_MAX;
+            const int iex_used = expert_used == expert ? iex : -1;
+            nex_prev += expert_used < expert;
+
+            // Whether the threads at this token position have used the expert:
+            const int it_compact_add_self = warp_reduce_any<neu_padded>(iex_used != -1);
+
+            // Do a scan over threads at lower token positions in warp to get the correct index for writing data:
+            int it_compact_add_lower = 0;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int offset = neu_padded; offset < warp_size; offset += neu_padded) {
+                const int tmp = __shfl_up_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, it_compact_add_self, offset, warp_size);
+                if (threadIdx.x >= static_cast<unsigned int>(offset)) {
+                    it_compact_add_lower += tmp;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (iex_used != -1) {
+                store[it_compact + it_compact_add_lower] = mm_ids_helper_store(it, iex_used);
+            }
+
+            // The thread with the highest index in the warp always has the sum over the whole warp, use it to increment all threads:
+            it_compact += __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, it_compact_add_lower + it_compact_add_self, warp_size - 1, warp_size);
+        }
+    }
+    nex_prev = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(nex_prev);
+
+    for (int itc = threadIdx.x; itc < it_compact; itc += warp_size) {
+        const mm_ids_helper_store store_it = store[itc];
+        const int it       = store_it.it();
+        const int iex_used = store_it.iex_used();
+        ids_src1[nex_prev + itc] = it*sis1          + iex_used % nchannels_y;
+        ids_dst [nex_prev + itc] = it*n_expert_used + iex_used;
+    }
+
+    if (threadIdx.x != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    expert_bounds[expert] = nex_prev;
+
+    if (expert < static_cast<int>(gridDim.x) - 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    expert_bounds[gridDim.x] = nex_prev + it_compact;
+}
+
+template <int n_expert_used_template>
+static void launch_mm_ids_helper(
+        const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, int32_t * __restrict__ ids_src1, int32_t * __restrict__ ids_dst, int32_t * __restrict__ expert_bounds,
+        const int n_experts, const int n_tokens, const int n_expert_used_var, const int nchannels_y, const int si1, const int sis1, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens          < (1 << 22) && "too few bits in mm_ids_helper_store");
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used_var < (1 << 10) && "too few bits in mm_ids_helper_store");
+
+    const int id = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].warp_size;
+    const size_t smpbo = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].smpbo;
+    CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT(mm_ids_helper<n_expert_used_template>, smpbo);
+
+    const dim3 num_blocks(n_experts, 1, 1);
+    const dim3 block_size(warp_size, 1, 1);
+    const size_t nbytes_shared = n_tokens*sizeof(mm_ids_helper_store);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nbytes_shared <= smpbo);
+    mm_ids_helper<n_expert_used_template><<<num_blocks, block_size, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+        (ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_tokens, n_expert_used_var, nchannels_y, si1, sis1);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_launch_mm_ids_helper(
+        const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, int32_t * __restrict__ ids_src1, int32_t * __restrict__ ids_dst, int32_t * __restrict__ expert_bounds,
+        const int n_experts, const int n_tokens, const int n_expert_used, const int nchannels_y, const int si1, const int sis1, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    switch (n_expert_used) {
+        case  2:
+            launch_mm_ids_helper< 2>(ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_experts, n_tokens, n_expert_used, nchannels_y, si1, sis1, stream);
+            break;
+        case  4:
+            launch_mm_ids_helper< 4>(ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_experts, n_tokens, n_expert_used, nchannels_y, si1, sis1, stream);
+            break;
+        case  6:
+            launch_mm_ids_helper< 6>(ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_experts, n_tokens, n_expert_used, nchannels_y, si1, sis1, stream);
+            break;
+        case  8:
+            launch_mm_ids_helper< 8>(ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_experts, n_tokens, n_expert_used, nchannels_y, si1, sis1, stream);
+            break;
+        case 16:
+            launch_mm_ids_helper<16>(ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_experts, n_tokens, n_expert_used, nchannels_y, si1, sis1, stream);
+            break;
+        case 32:
+            launch_mm_ids_helper<32>(ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_experts, n_tokens, n_expert_used, nchannels_y, si1, sis1, stream);
+            break;
+        default:
+            launch_mm_ids_helper< 0>(ids, ids_src1, ids_dst, expert_bounds, n_experts, n_tokens, n_expert_used, nchannels_y, si1, sis1, stream);
+            break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmid.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmid.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac090aea9ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmid.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void ggml_cuda_launch_mm_ids_helper(
+        const int32_t * ids, int32_t * ids_src1, int32_t * ids_dst, int32_t * expert_bounds,
+        int n_experts, int n_tokens, int n_expert_used, int nchannels_y, int si1, int sis1, cudaStream_t stream);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cu
index 2db5b4ab0f0..9a69f41d159 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cu
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
 #include "mmq.cuh"
 #include "quantize.cuh"
-
-#include <vector>
+#include "mmid.cuh"
 
 static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q_switch_type(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const mmq_args & args, cudaStream_t stream) {
     switch (args.type_x) {
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q_switch_type(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, con
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
             mul_mat_q_case<GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>(ctx, args, stream);
             break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            mul_mat_q_case<GGML_TYPE_MXFP4>(ctx, args, stream);
+            break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
             mul_mat_q_case<GGML_TYPE_Q2_K>(ctx, args, stream);
             break;
@@ -109,7 +112,11 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q(
     const int64_t s03 = src0->nb[3] / ts_src0;
     const int64_t s3  =  dst->nb[3] / ts_dst;
 
-    const bool use_stream_k = GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA;
+    const bool use_stream_k = (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA)
+                            || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc);
+
+    // TODO: tighter pool buffer size vs q8 path
+    const bool use_native_mxfp4 = blackwell_mma_available(cc) && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4;
 
     if (!ids) {
         const size_t nbytes_src1_q8_1 = ne13*ne12 * ne11*ne10_padded * sizeof(block_q8_1)/QK8_1 +
@@ -120,12 +127,24 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q(
             const int64_t s11 = src1->nb[1] / ts_src1;
             const int64_t s12 = src1->nb[2] / ts_src1;
             const int64_t s13 = src1->nb[3] / ts_src1;
-            quantize_mmq_q8_1_cuda(src1_d, nullptr, src1_q8_1.get(), src0->type,
-                ne10, s11, s12, s13, ne10_padded, ne11, ne12, ne13, stream);
+            if (use_native_mxfp4) {
+                static_assert(sizeof(block_fp4_mmq) == 4 * sizeof(block_q8_1));
+                quantize_mmq_mxfp4_cuda(src1_d, nullptr, src1_q8_1.get(), src0->type, ne10, s11, s12, s13, ne10_padded,
+                                        ne11, ne12, ne13, stream);
+
+            } else {
+                quantize_mmq_q8_1_cuda(src1_d, nullptr, src1_q8_1.get(), src0->type, ne10, s11, s12, s13, ne10_padded,
+                                       ne11, ne12, ne13, stream);
+            }
             CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
         }
 
-        const int64_t s12 = ne11*ne10_padded * sizeof(block_q8_1)/(QK8_1*sizeof(int));
+        // Stride depends on quantization format
+        const int64_t s12 = use_native_mxfp4 ?
+                                ne11 * ne10_padded * sizeof(block_fp4_mmq) /
+                                    (8 * QK_MXFP4 * sizeof(int))  // block_fp4_mmq holds 256 values (8 blocks of 32)
+                                :
+                                ne11 * ne10_padded * sizeof(block_q8_1) / (QK8_1 * sizeof(int));
         const int64_t s13 = ne12*s12;
 
         const mmq_args args = {
@@ -133,7 +152,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q(
             ne00, ne01, ne1, s01, ne11, s1,
             ne02, ne12, s02, s12, s2,
             ne03, ne13, s03, s13, s3,
-            use_stream_k};
+            use_stream_k, ne1};
         ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q_switch_type(ctx, args, stream);
         return;
     }
@@ -144,53 +163,21 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q(
 
     const int64_t n_expert_used = ids->ne[0];
     const int64_t ne_get_rows = ne12 * n_expert_used;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne1 == n_expert_used);
 
-    std::vector<char> ids_host(ggml_nbytes(ids));
-    std::vector<int32_t> ids_src1_host;
-    ids_src1_host.reserve(ne_get_rows);
-    std::vector<int32_t> ids_dst_host;
-    ids_dst_host.reserve(ne_get_rows);
-    std::vector<int32_t> tokens_per_expert_host(ne02);
-    std::vector<int32_t> expert_bounds_host(ne02 + 1);
-    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int32_t> ids_buf_dev(ctx.pool());
-
-    CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(ids_host.data(), ids->data, ggml_nbytes(ids), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, stream));
-    CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(stream));
-
-    for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; ++i02) { // expert matrices
-        for (int64_t i12 = 0; i12 < ne12; ++i12) { // tokens
-            for (int64_t iex = 0; iex < n_expert_used; ++iex) {
-                const int32_t expert_to_use = *(const int32_t *)(ids_host.data() + i12*ids->nb[1] + iex*ids->nb[0]);
-                assert(expert_to_use >= 0 && expert_to_use < ne02);
-                if (expert_to_use == i02) {
-                    ids_src1_host.push_back(i12*(nb12/nb11) + iex % ne11);
-                    ids_dst_host.push_back(i12*ne1 + iex);
-                    tokens_per_expert_host[i02]++;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int32_t> ids_src1(ctx.pool(), ne_get_rows);
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int32_t> ids_dst(ctx.pool(), ne_get_rows);
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int32_t> expert_bounds(ctx.pool(), ne02 + 1);
 
-    int32_t cumsum = 0;
-    for (int64_t i = 0; i < ne02; ++i) {
-        expert_bounds_host[i] = cumsum;
-        cumsum += tokens_per_expert_host[i];
-    }
-    expert_bounds_host[ne02] = cumsum;
-
-    std::vector<int32_t> ids_buf_host;
-    ids_buf_host.reserve(ids_src1_host.size() + ids_dst_host.size() + expert_bounds_host.size());
-    ids_buf_host.insert(ids_buf_host.end(), ids_src1_host.begin(), ids_src1_host.end());
-    ids_buf_host.insert(ids_buf_host.end(), ids_dst_host.begin(), ids_dst_host.end());
-    ids_buf_host.insert(ids_buf_host.end(), expert_bounds_host.begin(), expert_bounds_host.end());
-    ids_buf_dev.alloc(ids_buf_host.size() + get_mmq_x_max_host(cc)); // Expert bounds are padded on device.
-    CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(ids_buf_dev.ptr, ids_buf_host.data(), ids_buf_host.size()*sizeof(int32_t), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, stream));
-    CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(stream));
+    {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ids->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(ids));
+        const int si1  = ids->nb[1] / ggml_element_size(ids);
+        const int sis1 = nb12 / nb11;
 
-    const int32_t * ids_src1_dev      = ids_buf_dev.ptr;
-    const int32_t * ids_dst_dev       = ids_src1_dev + ids_src1_host.size();
-    const int32_t * expert_bounds_dev = ids_dst_dev + ids_dst_host.size();
+        ggml_cuda_launch_mm_ids_helper((const int32_t *) ids->data, ids_src1.get(), ids_dst.get(), expert_bounds.get(),
+            ne02, ne12, n_expert_used, ne11, si1, sis1, stream);
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
+    }
 
     const size_t nbytes_src1_q8_1 = ne12*n_expert_used*ne10_padded * sizeof(block_q8_1)/QK8_1 +
         get_mmq_x_max_host(cc)*sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq);
@@ -203,22 +190,29 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q(
     {
         const int64_t s11 = src1->nb[1] / ts_src1;
         const int64_t s12 = src1->nb[2] / ts_src1;
-        const int64_t s13 = src1->nb[2] / ts_src1;
-        quantize_mmq_q8_1_cuda(src1_d, ids_src1_dev, src1_q8_1.get(), src0->type,
-            ne10, s11, s12, s13, ne10_padded, ne11_flat, ne12_flat, ne13_flat, stream);
+        const int64_t s13 = src1->nb[3] / ts_src1;
+
+        if (use_native_mxfp4) {
+            quantize_mmq_mxfp4_cuda(src1_d, ids_src1.get(), src1_q8_1.get(), src0->type, ne10, s11, s12, s13,
+                                    ne10_padded, ne11_flat, ne12_flat, ne13_flat, stream);
+        } else {
+            quantize_mmq_q8_1_cuda(src1_d, ids_src1.get(), src1_q8_1.get(), src0->type, ne10, s11, s12, s13,
+                                   ne10_padded, ne11_flat, ne12_flat, ne13_flat, stream);
+        }
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
     }
 
-    const int64_t s12 = ne11*ne10_padded * sizeof(block_q8_1)/(QK8_1*sizeof(int));
+    const int64_t s12 = use_native_mxfp4 ? ne11 * ne10_padded * sizeof(block_fp4_mmq) / (8 * QK_MXFP4 * sizeof(int)) :
+                                           ne11 * ne10_padded * sizeof(block_q8_1) / (QK8_1 * sizeof(int));
     const int64_t s13 = ne12*s12;
 
     // Note that ne02 is used instead of ne12 because the number of y channels determines the z dimension of the CUDA grid.
     const mmq_args args = {
-        src0_d, src0->type, (const int *) src1_q8_1.ptr, ids_dst_dev, expert_bounds_dev, dst_d,
+        src0_d, src0->type, (const int *) src1_q8_1.get(), ids_dst.get(), expert_bounds.get(), dst_d,
         ne00, ne01, ne_get_rows, s01, ne_get_rows, s1,
         ne02, ne02, s02, s12, s2,
         ne03, ne13, s03, s13, s3,
-        use_stream_k};
+        use_stream_k, ne12};
 
     ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q_switch_type(ctx, args, stream);
 }
@@ -250,24 +244,22 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_q(
     // The stream-k decomposition is only faster for recent NVIDIA GPUs.
     // Also its fixup needs to allocate a temporary buffer in the memory pool.
     // There are multiple parallel CUDA streams for src1_ncols != ne11 which would introduce a race condition for this buffer.
-    const bool use_stream_k = GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) &&
-        ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && src1_ncols == ne11;
+    const bool use_stream_k = ((GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA)
+                            || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc))
+                            && src1_ncols == ne11;
     const mmq_args args = {
         src0_dd_i, src0->type, (const int *) src1_ddq_i, nullptr, nullptr, dst_dd_i,
         ne00, row_diff, src1_ncols, stride01, ne11, nrows_dst,
         1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
         1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
-        use_stream_k};
+        use_stream_k, src1_ncols};
 
     ggml_cuda_mul_mat_q_switch_type(ctx, args, stream);
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ddf_i);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_padded_row_size);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(src1, dst, src1_ddf_i, src1_padded_row_size);
 }
 
-bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11) {
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11, int64_t n_experts) {
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS
     return false;
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS
@@ -280,6 +272,7 @@ bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
@@ -304,7 +297,7 @@ bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (new_mma_available(cc)) {
+    if (turing_mma_available(cc)) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -320,5 +313,54 @@ bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11) {
         return !fp16_mma_hardware_available(cc) || ne11 < MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
     }
 
-    return (!GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc) && !GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc) && !GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)) || ne11 < MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
+    if (amd_mfma_available(cc)) {
+        // As of ROCM 7.0 rocblas/tensile performs very poorly on CDNA3 and hipblaslt (via ROCBLAS_USE_HIPBLASLT)
+        // performs better but is currently suffering from a crash on this architecture.
+        // TODO: Revisit when hipblaslt is fixed on CDNA3
+        if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA3(cc)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (n_experts > 64 || ne11 <= 128) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 || type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 || type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (ne11 <= 256 && (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K || type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (amd_wmma_available(cc)) {
+        if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc)) {
+            // High expert counts are almost always better on MMQ due to
+            //     the synchronization overhead in the cuBLAS/hipBLAS path:
+            // https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18202
+            if (n_experts >= 64) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // For some quantization types MMQ can have lower peak TOPS than hipBLAS
+            //     so it's only faster for sufficiently small batch sizes:
+            switch (type) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+                    return ne11 <= 128;
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+                    return ne11 <= (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_0(cc) ? 128 : 256);
+                case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+                case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+                    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_5(cc) || ne11 <= 128;
+                default:
+                    return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For RDNA4 MMQ is consistently faster than dequantization + hipBLAS:
+        // https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18537#issuecomment-3706422301
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return (!GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)) || ne11 < MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
+
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh
index 80baf459c15..255e59f6fc6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using namespace ggml_cuda_mma;
 
 #define MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 64 // Max. batch size to use for dp4a MMQ kernels when FP16 tensor cores are available.
 #define MMQ_ITER_K 256
+#define MMQ_ITER_K_MXFP4_FP4    512
 #define MMQ_NWARPS 8
 
 typedef void (*load_tiles_mmq_t)(const char * __restrict__ x, int * x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride);
@@ -44,8 +45,15 @@ struct block_q8_1_mmq {
     };
     int8_t qs[4*QK8_1]; // 128 values quantized to 8 bit each
 };
+
+struct block_fp4_mmq {
+    uint32_t d4[4];       // 8 E8M0 scales (1 per 32 values), 2 packed per uint32: d4[0]={s0,s1}, d4[1]={s2,s3}, etc.
+    int8_t   qs[4 * 32];  // 256 FP4 values packed as 4-bit pairs (2 per byte), 8 blocks of 32 values
+};
+
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq) == 4*QK8_1 + 4*sizeof(half2), "Unexpected block_q8_1_mmq size");
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq) == 4*sizeof(block_q8_1),      "Unexpected block_q8_1_mmq size");
+static_assert(sizeof(block_fp4_mmq)  == sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq),    "Unexpected block_fp4_mmq size");
 
 static mmq_q8_1_ds_layout mmq_get_q8_1_ds_layout(const ggml_type type_x) {
     switch (type_x) {
@@ -58,6 +66,8 @@ static mmq_q8_1_ds_layout mmq_get_q8_1_ds_layout(const ggml_type type_x) {
             return MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_DS4;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
             return MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            return MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
             return MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D2S6;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
@@ -90,7 +100,7 @@ struct tile_x_sizes {
 };
 
 static int get_mmq_x_max_host(const int cc) {
-    return new_mma_available(cc) ? 128 :
+    return (amd_mfma_available(cc) || turing_mma_available(cc) || amd_wmma_available(cc)) ? 128 :
         GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA ?
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
             128                     : 64;
@@ -100,13 +110,13 @@ static int get_mmq_x_max_host(const int cc) {
 }
 
 static constexpr __device__ int get_mmq_x_max_device() {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     return 128;
-#else // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#else // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
-    return 128;
-#else // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+    return 64;
+#else // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
@@ -115,12 +125,11 @@ static constexpr __device__ int get_mmq_x_max_device() {
     return MMQ_DP4A_MAX_BATCH_SIZE;
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ
 #else // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
-
     return 64;
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
 static int get_mmq_y_host(const int cc) {
@@ -128,8 +137,16 @@ static int get_mmq_y_host(const int cc) {
         ((GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA) ? 128 : 64);
 }
 
+static constexpr __device__ int get_iter_k([[maybe_unused]] const ggml_type type) {
+#if defined(BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4 ? MMQ_ITER_K_MXFP4_FP4 : MMQ_ITER_K;
+#else
+    return MMQ_ITER_K;
+#endif // defined(BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+}
+
 static constexpr __device__ int get_mmq_y_device() {
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 #if defined(RDNA1)
     return 64;
 #else
@@ -141,19 +158,28 @@ static constexpr __device__ int get_mmq_y_device() {
 #else
     return 64;
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 }
 
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q4_0    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE   + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/QI4_0   + mmq_y/QI4_0,     0}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q4_1    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE   + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/QI4_1   + mmq_y/QI4_1,     0}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2/QI8_0 + mmq_y/(QI8_0/2), 0}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0_16 tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*4/QI8_0 + mmq_y/(QI8_0/4), 0}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_1    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2/QI8_1 + mmq_y/(QI8_1/2), 0}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q2_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE         + mmq_y,           0}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q3_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y,                                     mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/8 + mmq_y/8}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q4_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE   + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/QI4_K,                     mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/8 + mmq_y/8}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q5_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/QI5_K   + mmq_y/QI5_K,     mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/8 + mmq_y/8}
-#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q6_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*WARP_SIZE*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/QI6_K   + mmq_y/QI6_K,     mmq_y*WARP_SIZE/8 + mmq_y/8}
+// Decouple shared memory tile sizes from WARP_SIZE to allow for different warp sizes.
+// The K dimension of the tiles has either,
+// 1*MMQ_TILE_NE_K==32 (always for TILE_Y_K) or 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K==64 (typically for TILE_X_K),
+// 32 bit elements for the quantized data (does not include scales).
+// In other words, the size of the quantized data in the K dimension is a multiple of MMQ_TILE_NE_K.
+// The final tile size in K direction is padded to avoid shared memory bank conflicts,
+// in terms of 32 bit elements that means K % 2 == 1 for dp4a or K % 8 == 4 for mma.
+#define MMQ_TILE_NE_K 32
+
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q4_0    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K   + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_0   + mmq_y/QI4_0,     0}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q4_1    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K   + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_1   + mmq_y/QI4_1,     0}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2/QI8_0 + mmq_y/(QI8_0/2), 0}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0_16 tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*4/QI8_0 + mmq_y/(QI8_0/4), 0}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_1    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2/QI8_1 + mmq_y/(QI8_1/2), 0}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q2_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K         + mmq_y,           0}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q3_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y,                                         mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8 + mmq_y/8}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q4_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K   + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_K,                     mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8 + mmq_y/8}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q5_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI5_K   + mmq_y/QI5_K,     mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8 + mmq_y/8}
+#define MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q6_K    tile_x_sizes{mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2 + mmq_y, mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K   + mmq_y/QI6_K,     mmq_y*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8 + mmq_y/8}
 
 static constexpr __host__ __device__ tile_x_sizes mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(ggml_type type, int mmq_y) {
     switch (type) {
@@ -162,6 +188,7 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ tile_x_sizes mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(ggml
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    return MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    return MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    return MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:   return MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    return MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q2_K;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    return MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q3_K;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    return MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q4_K;
@@ -179,17 +206,20 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ tile_x_sizes mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(ggml
     }
 }
 
-#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 (2*WARP_SIZE + 2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_0                 + 4)
-#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 (2*WARP_SIZE + 2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_0                 + 4)
-#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K (2*WARP_SIZE + WARP_SIZE                         + 4)
-#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K (2*WARP_SIZE + WARP_SIZE/2                       + 4)
-#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K (2*WARP_SIZE + WARP_SIZE/QI6_K     + WARP_SIZE/8 + 7)
+#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 (2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0                   + 4)
+#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4  (2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 8                                       + 4)
+#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 (2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0                   + 4)
+#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K (2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + MMQ_TILE_NE_K                           + 4)
+#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K (2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2                         + 4)
+#define MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K (2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K   + MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8 + 7)
 
 static_assert(MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 % 8 == 4, "Wrong padding.");
 static_assert(MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 % 8 == 4, "Wrong padding.");
 static_assert(MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K % 8 == 4, "Wrong padding.");
 static_assert(MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K % 8 == 4, "Wrong padding.");
 static_assert(MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K % 8 == 4, "Wrong padding.");
+static_assert(MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4  % 8 == 4, "Wrong padding.");
+static_assert(MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4 == MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1, "Wrong tile size for MXFP4");
 
 static constexpr __host__ __device__ int mmq_get_mma_tile_x_k(ggml_type type) {
     switch (type) {
@@ -198,6 +228,8 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ int mmq_get_mma_tile_x_k(ggml_type type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    return MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    return MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    return MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0;
+        // tile sizes are the same for Q8_1 and FP4 for blackwell
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:   return MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    return MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    return MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    return MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1;
@@ -215,42 +247,77 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ int mmq_get_mma_tile_x_k(ggml_type type) {
     }
 }
 
-#define MMQ_TILE_Y_K (WARP_SIZE + WARP_SIZE/QI8_1)
+// block_q8_1_mmq has (128 8-bit ints == 32 32-bit ints + 4 32-bit scales)
+#define MMQ_TILE_Y_K     (MMQ_TILE_NE_K + MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI8_1)
+#define MMQ_TILE_Y_FP4_K MMQ_TILE_Y_K
 
 static int mmq_get_granularity_host(const int mmq_x, const int cc) {
-    return new_mma_available(cc) && mmq_x >= 48 ? 16 : 8;
+    if (amd_mfma_available(cc) || amd_wmma_available(cc)) {
+        return mmq_x >= 128 ? 32 : 16;
+    } else if (turing_mma_available(cc) && mmq_x >= 48) {
+        return 16;
+    } else {
+        return 8;
+    }
 }
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+static constexpr __device__ int mmq_get_granularity_device(const int mmq_x) {
+    return mmq_x >= 128 ? 32 : 16;
+}
+#elif defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 static constexpr __device__ int mmq_get_granularity_device(const int mmq_x) {
     return mmq_x >= 48 ? 16 : 8;
 }
 #else
-static constexpr __device__ int mmq_get_granularity_device(const int /* mmq_x */) {
+static constexpr __device__ int mmq_get_granularity_device(const int /*mmq_x*/) {
     return 8;
 }
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
+
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+static int mmq_get_nwarps_host(const int cc, const int warp_size) {
+    return amd_mfma_available(cc) ? 8 : 256/warp_size;
+}
+#else
+static int mmq_get_nwarps_host(const int /*cc*/, const int warp_size) {
+    return 256/warp_size;
+}
+#endif // (GGML_USE_HIP)
+
+static constexpr __device__ int mmq_get_nwarps_device() {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    return 8;
+#else
+    return 256/ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
+}
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_0(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_0(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + 2*WARP_SIZE);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kbx  = threadIdx.x / QI4_0;
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI4_0;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR4_0);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
+    const int kbx  = txi / QI4_0;
+    const int kqsx = txi % QI4_0;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -259,20 +326,21 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         const block_q4_0 * bxi = (const block_q4_0 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
         const int qs0 = get_int_b2(bxi->qs, kqsx);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kbx*(2*QI4_0) + kqsx + 0]     = __vsubss4((qs0 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F, 0x08080808);
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kbx*(2*QI4_0) + kqsx + QI4_0] = __vsubss4((qs0 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F, 0x08080808);
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + threadIdx.x] = qs0;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + txi] = qs0;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI4_0;
+    constexpr int blocks_per_tile_x_row = MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI4_0;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
     const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * QI4_0) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * QI4_0 + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -280,17 +348,19 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q4_0 * bxi = (const block_q4_0 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0       + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0           + kbxd] = bxi->d;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI4_0) + i/QI4_0 + kbxd] = bxi->d;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_0) + i/QI4_0 + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -299,7 +369,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_dp4a(
     const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR4_0*VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR4_0*VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -307,7 +377,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
                 const int kyqs = QI8_1 * ((k01/2) / (QI8_1/2)) + (k01/2) % (QI8_1/2);
@@ -320,32 +390,37 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_dp4a(
                     u[2*l+1] = y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + kyqs + (l + QI4_0)];
                 }
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_impl<VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMQ>
-                    (&x_qs[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0/QR4_0], u,
-                     x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI4_0) + i/QI4_0 + k0/(QR4_0*QI4_0)], y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_impl<VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMQ>
+                    (&x_qs[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0/QR4_0], u,
+                     x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_0) + i/QI4_0 + k0/(QR4_0*QI4_0)], y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_1(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_1(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*WARP_SIZE);
+    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)  || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kbx  = threadIdx.x / QI4_1;
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI4_1;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR4_1);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
+    const int kbx  = txi / QI4_1;
+    const int kqsx = txi % QI4_1;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -354,20 +429,21 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         const block_q4_1 * bxi = (const block_q4_1 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
         const int qs0 = get_int_b4(bxi->qs, kqsx);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + kbx*(2*QI4_1) + kqsx + 0]     = (qs0 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + kbx*(2*QI4_1) + kqsx + QI4_1] = (qs0 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + threadIdx.x] = qs0;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + txi] = qs0;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI4_1;
+    constexpr int blocks_per_tile_x_row = MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI4_1;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
     const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * QI4_1) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * QI4_1 + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -375,17 +451,19 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q4_1 * bxi = (const block_q4_1 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1       + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1           + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
 #else
-        x_dm[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI4_1) + i/QI4_1 + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_dm[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_1) + i/QI4_1 + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -394,7 +472,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_dp4a(
     const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR4_1*VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR4_1*VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -402,7 +480,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
                 const int kyqs = QI8_1 * ((k01/2) / (QI8_1/2)) + (k01/2) % (QI8_1/2);
@@ -415,32 +493,37 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_dp4a(
                     u[2*l+1] = y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + kyqs + (l + QI4_1)];
                 }
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_impl<VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMQ>
-                    (&x_qs[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0/QR4_1], u,
-                     x_dm[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI4_1) + i/QI4_1 + k0/(QR4_1*QI4_1)], y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_impl<VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMQ>
+                    (&x_qs[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0/QR4_1], u,
+                     x_dm[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_1) + i/QI4_1 + k0/(QR4_1*QI4_1)], y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_0(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_0(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kbx  = threadIdx.x / QI5_0;
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI5_0;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR5_0);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
+    const int kbx  = txi / QI5_0;
+    const int kqsx = txi % QI5_0;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -449,7 +532,7 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         const block_q5_0 * bxi = (const block_q5_0 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
 
         const int ql = get_int_b2(bxi->qs, kqsx);
-        const int qh = get_int_b2(bxi->qh, 0) >> (4 * (threadIdx.x % QI5_0));
+        const int qh = get_int_b2(bxi->qh, 0) >> (4 * kqsx);
 
         int qs0 = (ql >>  0)   & 0x0F0F0F0F;
         qs0    |= (qh <<  4)   & 0x00000010;  // 0 ->  4
@@ -465,21 +548,22 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         qs1    |= (qh <<  9)   & 0x10000000;  // 19 -> 28
         qs1     = __vsubss4(qs1, 0x10101010); // subtract 16
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kbx*(2*QI5_0) + kqsx + 0]     = qs0;
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kbx*(2*QI5_0) + kqsx + QI5_0] = qs1;
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kbx*(2*QI5_0) + kqsx + 0]     = qs0;
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kbx*(2*QI5_0) + kqsx + QI5_0] = qs1;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kbx*(2*QI5_0) + kqsx + 0]     = qs0;
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kbx*(2*QI5_0) + kqsx + QI5_0] = qs1;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI5_0;
+    constexpr int blocks_per_tile_x_row = MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI5_0;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
     const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * QI5_0) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * QI5_0 + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -487,32 +571,37 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q5_0 * bxi = (const block_q5_0 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0       + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0           + kbxd] = bxi->d;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI5_0) + i/QI5_0 + kbxd] = bxi->d;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI5_0) + i/QI5_0 + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)  || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_1(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_1(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*WARP_SIZE);
+    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kbx  = threadIdx.x / QI5_1;
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI5_1;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR5_1);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
+    const int kbx  = txi / QI5_1;
+    const int kqsx = txi % QI5_1;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -521,7 +610,7 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         const block_q5_1 * bxi = (const block_q5_1 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
 
         const int ql = get_int_b4(bxi->qs, kqsx);
-        const int qh = get_int_b4(bxi->qh, 0) >> (4 * (threadIdx.x % QI5_1));
+        const int qh = get_int_b4(bxi->qh, 0) >> (4 * kqsx);
 
         int qs0 = (ql >>  0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
         qs0    |= (qh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
@@ -535,21 +624,22 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         qs1    |= (qh <<  2) & 0x00100000; // 18 -> 20
         qs1    |= (qh <<  9) & 0x10000000; // 19 -> 28
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + kbx*(2*QI5_1) + kqsx + 0]     = qs0;
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + kbx*(2*QI5_1) + kqsx + QI5_1] = qs1;
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kbx*(2*QI5_1) + kqsx + 0]     = qs0;
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kbx*(2*QI5_1) + kqsx + QI5_1] = qs1;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kbx*(2*QI5_1) + kqsx + 0]     = qs0;
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kbx*(2*QI5_1) + kqsx + QI5_1] = qs1;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI5_1;
+    constexpr int blocks_per_tile_x_row = MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI5_1;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
     const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * QI5_1) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * QI5_1 + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -557,32 +647,38 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q5_1 * bxi = (const block_q5_1 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1       + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1           + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
 #else
-        x_dm[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI5_1) + i/QI5_1 + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_dm[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI5_1) + i/QI5_1 + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q8_0(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q8_0(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_tile + 2*WARP_SIZE);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_tile + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kbx  = threadIdx.x / QI8_0;
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI8_0;
+    // MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR8_0) == 64 required. but NV has only 32 threads per warp
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = 32;
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
+    const int kbx  = txi / QI8_0;
+    const int kqsx = txi % QI8_0;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -590,21 +686,22 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q8_0 * bxi = (const block_q8_0 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 0         + threadIdx.x] = get_int_b2(bxi[0].qs,               kqsx);
-        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = get_int_b2(bxi[WARP_SIZE/QI8_0].qs, kqsx);
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 0             + txi] = get_int_b2(bxi[0].qs,                   kqsx);
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + MMQ_TILE_NE_K + txi] = get_int_b2(bxi[MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0].qs, kqsx);
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 0         + threadIdx.x] = get_int_b2(bxi[0].qs,               kqsx);
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = get_int_b2(bxi[WARP_SIZE/QI8_0].qs, kqsx);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 0             + txi] = get_int_b2(bxi[0].qs,                   kqsx);
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + MMQ_TILE_NE_K + txi] = get_int_b2(bxi[MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0].qs, kqsx);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = 2*WARP_SIZE / QI8_0;
+    constexpr int blocks_per_tile_x_row = 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI8_0;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
     const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * QI8_0/2) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * (QI8_0/2) + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -612,17 +709,128 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q8_0 * bxi = (const block_q8_0 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0             + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0                 + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#else
+        x_df[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/2) + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    }
+}
+
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_mxfp4(
+    const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
+#else
+    constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4, mmq_y);
+    int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR_MXFP4);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
+    const int kbx  = txi / QI_MXFP4;
+    const int kqsx = txi % QI_MXFP4;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
+
+        if (need_check) {
+            i = min(i, i_max);
+        }
+
+        const block_mxfp4 * bxi = (const block_mxfp4 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
+
+        const int aux_q4 = get_int_b1(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4, kvalues_mxfp4);
+        const int k0 = kbx * (2 * QI_MXFP4) + kqsx;
+
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + k0 + 0]        = v.x;
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + k0 + QI_MXFP4] = v.y;
+#else
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0 + 0]        = v.x;
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0 + QI_MXFP4] = v.y;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)  || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    }
+
+    constexpr int blocks_per_tile_x_row = MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI_MXFP4;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+    const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+        if (need_check) {
+            i = min(i, i_max);
+        }
+
+        const block_mxfp4 * bxi = (const block_mxfp4 *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
+
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1                 + kbxd] = ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(bxi->e)*0.5f;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/2) + kbxd] = bxi->d;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI_MXFP4) + i/QI_MXFP4 + kbxd] = ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(bxi->e)*0.5f;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_mxfp4_fp4(const char * __restrict__ x,
+                                                            int * __restrict__ x_tile,
+                                                            const int kbx0,
+                                                            const int i_max,
+                                                            const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+
+    int *      x_qs = (int *) x_tile;
+    uint32_t * x_sc = (uint32_t *) (x_qs + 2 * MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
+
+    const int txi = threadIdx.x;
+
+    constexpr int iter_k = get_iter_k(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4);
+
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = iter_k / QK_MXFP4;  // each thread processes 1 block
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp   = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int     kbx             = txi % threads_per_row;
+    const int     row_in_warp     = txi / threads_per_row;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += rows_per_warp * nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + row_in_warp;
+
+        if constexpr (need_check) {
+            i = min(i, i_max);
+        }
+
+        const block_mxfp4 * bxi = (const block_mxfp4 *) x + kbx0 + i * stride + kbx;
+
+        // quantize_mxfp4_mmq permutes nibbles to match the quantized format
+        const int k0 = kbx * 4;
+        memcpy(x_qs + i * MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4 + k0, bxi->qs, 16);
+
+        // Load E8M0 scales: pack 2 consecutive scales into one uint32
+        if (kbx % 2 == 0) {
+            uint32_t e = bxi->e;
+            e |= ((bxi + 1)->e << 8);
+            x_sc[i * MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4 + kbx / 2] = e;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -631,7 +839,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a(
     const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -639,21 +847,77 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl<float, VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMQ>
-                    (&x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k0 % WARP_SIZE],
-                     x_df[i*(2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/2) + k0/QI8_0], y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (k0/QI8_1) % (WARP_SIZE/QI8_1)]);
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl<float, VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMQ>
+                    (&x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k0 % MMQ_TILE_NE_K],
+                     x_df[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/2) + k0/QI8_0], y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (k0/QI8_1) % (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_1)]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, mmq_q8_1_ds_layout ds_layout>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, mmq_q8_1_ds_layout ds_layout>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
 
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
+    const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_0) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(A[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B;
+            load_generic(B, y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            float dB;
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            if (ds_layout == MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4) {
+                dB = y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1];
+            } else {
+                dB = __low2float(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C C;
+                mma(C, A[n], B);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_A::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    const float dA = x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0/QI8_0];
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += C.x[l]*dA*dB;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#else
     typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_A;
     typedef tile< 8, 8, int> tile_B;
     typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_C;
@@ -662,23 +926,23 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma(
     constexpr int rows_per_warp = 2 * granularity;
     constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
 
-    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_B::I*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
 
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
-    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + 2*WARP_SIZE;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K;
     const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
     const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
     const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
 
-    tile_A A[ntx][WARP_SIZE/QI8_0];
-    float dA[ntx][tile_C::ne/2][WARP_SIZE/QI8_0];
+    tile_A A[ntx][MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0];
+    float dA[ntx][tile_C::ne/2][MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_0];
 
     const int i0 = (threadIdx.y/ntx)*rows_per_warp;
 
 #pragma unroll
     for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_0) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_0) {
             const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
             load_ldmatrix(A[n][k01/QI8_0], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0);
@@ -689,7 +953,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma(
             const int i = i0 + n*tile_A::I + tile_C::get_i(2*l);
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_0) {
+            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_0) {
                 const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
                 dA[n][l][k01/QI8_0] = x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0/QI8_0];
@@ -700,7 +964,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_0) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_0) {
             tile_B B;
             float dB[tile_C::ne/2];
 
@@ -729,11 +993,86 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma(
             }
         }
     }
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_mxfp4_mxfp4_mma(const int * __restrict__ x,
+                                                               const int * __restrict__ y,
+                                                               float * __restrict__ sum,
+                                                               const int k00) {
+    typedef tile<16, 8, int>   tile_A;
+    typedef tile<8, 8, int>    tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 8, float> tile_C;  // Output is float for native scaled MMA
+
+    constexpr int granularity   = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = 2 * granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx           = rows_per_warp / tile_C::I;  // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J * MMQ_TILE_Y_FP4_K);
+
+    // Match layout from load_tiles_mxfp4_fp4
+    const int *      x_qs = (const int *) x;
+    const uint32_t * x_sc = (const uint32_t *) (x_qs + 2 * MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
+    const int *      y_qs = (const int *) y + 4;
+    const uint32_t * y_sc = (const uint32_t *) y;
+
+    // tile_A has a length of 64 logical values vs. 32 values in block_mxfp4
+    tile_A   A[ntx][MMQ_TILE_NE_K / (2 * QI_MXFP4)];
+    uint32_t scaleA[ntx][MMQ_TILE_NE_K / (2 * QI_MXFP4)];
+
+    // Block scale
+    // Each thread has to point to a 4 byte scale value
+    // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/#warp-level-block-scaling
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 2 * QI_MXFP4) {
+            const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+            load_ldmatrix(A[n][k01 / (2 * QI_MXFP4)], x_qs + (i0 + n * tile_A::I) * MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4 + k0,
+                          MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4);
+
+            // based on block-scaling document, 2 threads in each quad need to supply to the scale value
+            const int tidx         = threadIdx.x / 4 + (threadIdx.x % 2) * 8;
+            scaleA[n][k01 / (2 * QI_MXFP4)] =
+                *(x_sc + (i0 + n * tile_A::I + tidx) * MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_FP4 + k0 / (2 * QI_MXFP4));
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx * tile_C::J) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 2 * QI_MXFP4) {
+            tile_B   B;
+            uint32_t scaleB;  // 2xN scales
+
+            load_generic(B, y_qs + j0 * MMQ_TILE_Y_FP4_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_FP4_K);
+
+            scaleB = y_sc[(j0 + threadIdx.x / 4) * MMQ_TILE_Y_FP4_K + k01 / (2 * QI_MXFP4)];
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C C;
+
+                mma_block_scaled(C, A[n][k01 / (2 * QI_MXFP4)], B, scaleA[n][k01 / (2 * QI_MXFP4)], scaleB);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    sum[(j0 / tile_C::J + n) * tile_C::ne + l] += C.x[l];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -742,7 +1081,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_dp4a(
     const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -750,45 +1089,96 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_impl<QR5_1*VDR_Q5_1_Q8_1_MMQ>
-                    (&x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01],
-                    x_dm[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI5_1) + i/QI5_1 + k0/QI8_1], y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_impl<QR5_1*VDR_Q5_1_Q8_1_MMQ>
+                    (&x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01],
+                    x_dm[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI5_1) + i/QI5_1 + k0/QI8_1], y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
 
-    typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_A;
-    typedef tile< 8, 8, int> tile_B;
-    typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_C;
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const half2 * x_dm = (const half2 *) x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const half2 * y_dm = (const half2 *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_1) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(A[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B;
+            load_generic(B, y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            const float2 dsB = __half22float2(y_dm[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C C;
+                mma(C, A[n], B);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_A::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    float2 dmA = __half22float2(x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + k0/QI8_1]);
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += dmA.x*dsB.x*C.x[l];
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += dmA.y*dsB.y;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int> tile_A;
+    typedef tile< 8,  8, int> tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int> tile_C;
 
     constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
     constexpr int rows_per_warp = 2 * granularity;
     constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
 
-    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_B::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
 
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
-    const half2 * x_dm = (const half2 *) x_qs + 2*WARP_SIZE;
+    const half2 * x_dm = (const half2 *) x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K;
     const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
     const half2 * y_dm = (const half2 *) y;
 
-    tile_A   A[ntx][WARP_SIZE/QI8_1];
-    float2 dmA[ntx][tile_C::ne/2][WARP_SIZE/QI8_1];
+    tile_A   A[ntx][MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_1];
+    float2 dmA[ntx][tile_C::ne/2][MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI8_1];
 
     const int i0 = (threadIdx.y/ntx)*rows_per_warp;
 
 #pragma unroll
     for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_1) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_1) {
             const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
             load_ldmatrix(A[n][k01/QI8_1], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1);
@@ -799,7 +1189,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma(
             const int i = i0 + n*tile_A::I + tile_C::get_i(2*l);
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_1) {
+            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_1) {
                 const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
                 dmA[n][l][k01/QI8_1] = __half22float2(x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + k0/QI8_1]);
@@ -810,7 +1200,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_1) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_1) {
             tile_B   B;
             float2 dsB[tile_C::ne/2];
 
@@ -836,11 +1226,15 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma(
             }
         }
     }
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+// Used for Q3_K, IQ2_S, and IQ2_XS
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0_16;
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -849,7 +1243,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_dp4a(
     const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_0) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_0) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -857,23 +1251,123 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_impl<QI8_0>(
-                    &x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0],
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_impl<QI8_0>(
+                    &x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0],
                     &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01],
-                    &x_df[i*(2*WARP_SIZE*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + k0/(QI8_0/2)],
+                    &x_df[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + k0/(QI8_0/2)],
                     y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+// Used for Q3_K, IQ2_S, and IQ2_XS:
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+    typedef tile<64,  2, int, input_layout>        tile_load;
+
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 4) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(((tile_load *) A)[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B[1];
+            load_generic(((tile_load *) B)[0], y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            const float dB = y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1] / 2;
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C C;
+                mma(C, A[n], B[0]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += C.x[l] * x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + k0/4] * dB;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) //wmma instructions can handle 16x4 tiles, does not require loading 64x2 tiles
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  4, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  4, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 4) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(A[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B;
+            load_generic(B, y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            const float dB = y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1];
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C C;
+                mma(C, A[n], B);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += C.x[l] * x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + k0/4] * dB;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
     typedef tile<16, 4, int> tile_A;
     typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_A_8;
@@ -884,10 +1378,10 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma(
     constexpr int rows_per_warp = 2 * granularity;
     constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
 
-    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_B::I*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
 
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
-    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
     const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
     const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
 
@@ -899,7 +1393,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += 8) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 8) {
             const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
             load_ldmatrix(((tile_A_8 *) A[n])[k01/8], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K);
@@ -910,7 +1404,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma(
             const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(2*l);
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += 4) {
+            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 4) {
                 const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
                 dA[n][l][k01/4] = x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + k0/4];
@@ -921,7 +1415,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR3_K*VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR3_K*VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
             tile_B B[2];
             float dB[tile_C::ne/2];
 
@@ -950,28 +1444,31 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma(
         }
     }
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(x); GGML_UNUSED(y); GGML_UNUSED(sum); GGML_UNUSED(k00);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(x, y, sum, k00);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE || AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q2_K(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q2_K(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*WARP_SIZE);
+    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI2_K;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR2_K);
+    constexpr int nrows = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size() / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/QI2_K) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*(WARP_SIZE/QI2_K) + threadIdx.x/QI2_K;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -987,11 +1484,11 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
             const int x_qs_k = (x_ql_0 >> (2*l)) & 0x03030303;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + k] = x_qs_k;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + k] = x_qs_k;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k] = x_qs_k;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
         const int sc_m = bxi->scales[kqsx];
@@ -1002,17 +1499,19 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         const half2 x_dm_ik = make_half2(bxi_dmf.x*(sc_m & 0x0F), bxi_dmf.y*(sc_m >> 4));
 #endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + kqsx] = x_dm_ik;
 #else
-        x_dm[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1)       + kqsx] = x_dm_ik;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_dm[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1)   + kqsx] = x_dm_ik;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -1029,7 +1528,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     }
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE/2; k01 += QR2_K*VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2; k01 += QR2_K*VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1037,13 +1536,13 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
                 constexpr int ns = 2;
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_impl_mmq<ns>(
-                    &x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01],
-                    &x_dm[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0/4], k01 < WARP_SIZE/2 ? y_df[j0/nwarps].x : y_df[j0/nwarps].y,
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_impl_mmq<ns>(
+                    &x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01],
+                    &x_dm[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0/4], k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2 ? y_df[j0/nwarps].x : y_df[j0/nwarps].y,
                     &y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (1 + k01/QI8_1)]);
             }
         }
@@ -1052,7 +1551,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     // Some compilers fail to unroll the loop over k01 if there is a conditional statement for ns in the inner loop.
     // As a workaround 2 separate loops are used instead.
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = WARP_SIZE/2; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR2_K*VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR2_K*VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1060,23 +1559,158 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
                 constexpr int ns = 1;
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_impl_mmq<ns>(
-                    &x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01],
-                    &x_dm[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0/4], k01 < WARP_SIZE/2 ? y_df[j0/nwarps].x : y_df[j0/nwarps].y,
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_impl_mmq<ns>(
+                    &x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01],
+                    &x_dm[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0/4], k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2 ? y_df[j0/nwarps].x : y_df[j0/nwarps].y,
                     &y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (1 + k01/QI8_1)]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+    typedef tile<64,  2, int, input_layout>        tile_load;
+
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const half2 * x_dm = (const half2 *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 4) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(((tile_load *) A)[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B[1];
+            load_generic(((tile_load *) B)[0], y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            const float dB = (k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2) ? __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K]).x/2 : __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K]).y/2;
+            const float sB = (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) ? 0
+                                              : (((k01/4)%2) ? __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (1 + k01/QI8_1)]).y
+                                                             : __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (1 + k01/QI8_1)]).x);
+
+            tile_C Cm;
+            if (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) {
+                tile_A A1;
+                A1.x[0] = 0x01010101;
+                A1.x[1] = 0x01010101;
+                mma(Cm, A1, B[0]);
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C Cd;
+                mma(Cd, A[n], B[0]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    const float2 dm = __half22float2(x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + k0/4]);
+                    float tmp = Cd.x[l]*dm.x;
+                    if (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) {
+                        tmp -= Cm.x[l]*dm.y;
+                    }
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += tmp*dB;
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] -= dm.y*sB;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) //wmma instructions can handle 16x4 tiles, does not require loading 64x2 tiles
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  4, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  4, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const half2 * x_dm = (const half2 *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 4) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(A[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B;
+            load_generic(B, y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            const float dB = (k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2) ? __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K]).x : __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K]).y;
+            const float sB = (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) ? 0
+                                              : (((k01/4)%2) ? __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (1 + k01/QI8_1)]).y
+                                                             : __half22float2(y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (1 + k01/QI8_1)]).x);
+
+            tile_C Cm;
+            if (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) {
+                tile_A A1;
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_A::ne; ++l) {
+                    A1.x[l] = 0x01010101;
+                }
+                mma(Cm, A1, B);
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C Cd;
+                mma(Cd, A[n], B);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    const float2 dm = __half22float2(x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + k0/4]);
+                    float tmp = Cd.x[l]*dm.x;
+                    if (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) {
+                        tmp -= Cm.x[l]*dm.y;
+                    }
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += tmp*dB;
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] -= dm.y*sB;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
     typedef tile<16, 4, int> tile_A;
     typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_A_8;
@@ -1087,10 +1721,10 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
     constexpr int rows_per_warp = 2 * granularity;
     constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
 
-    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_B::I*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
 
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
-    const half2 * x_dm = (const half2 *) x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2;
+    const half2 * x_dm = (const half2 *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
     const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
     const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
 
@@ -1103,7 +1737,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_1) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_1) {
             const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
             load_ldmatrix(((tile_A_8 *) A[n])[k01/QI8_1], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K);
@@ -1117,7 +1751,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
             const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(2*l);
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_1/2) {
+            for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_1/2) {
                 const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
                 const float2 dm = __half22float2(x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q2_K + k0/(QI8_1/2)]);
@@ -1140,7 +1774,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
         }
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QI8_1) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QI8_1) {
             tile_B B[2];
 
             // Here load_generic is faster than load_ldmatrix.
@@ -1148,7 +1782,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
             load_generic(B[1], y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + (k01 + tile_B::J), MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
 
             tile_C Cm[2];
-            if (k01 >= WARP_SIZE * 3/4) {
+            if (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) {
                 tile_A A1;
                 A1.x[0] = 0x01010101;
                 A1.x[1] = 0x01010101;
@@ -1166,16 +1800,16 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
 #pragma unroll
                 for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
                     float tmp = Cd[0].x[l]*dA[n][l/2][k01/4 + 0] + Cd[1].x[l]*dA[n][l/2][k01/4 + 1];
-                    if (k01 >= WARP_SIZE * 3/4) {
+                    if (k01 >= MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4) {
                         tmp -= Cm[0].x[l]*mA[n][l/2][k01/4 + 0] + Cm[1].x[l]*mA[n][l/2][k01/4 + 1];
                     }
-                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += tmp*(k01 < WARP_SIZE/2 ? dB[l%2].x : dB[l%2].y);
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += tmp*(k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K/2 ? dB[l%2].x : dB[l%2].y);
                 }
             }
         }
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE * 3/4; k01 += QI8_1) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K * 3/4; k01 += QI8_1) {
             float2 sB[tile_C::ne/2];
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1196,29 +1830,33 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma(
         }
     }
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(x); GGML_UNUSED(y); GGML_UNUSED(sum); GGML_UNUSED(k00);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(x, y, sum, k00);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE || AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q3_K(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q3_K(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
     int   * x_sc = (int   *) (x_df + txs.dm);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI3_K;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR3_K);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/QI3_K) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * (WARP_SIZE/QI3_K) + threadIdx.x / QI3_K;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1238,17 +1876,18 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
             const int x_qs_k = __vsubss4(x_ql_k | x_qh_k, 0x04040404);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + k] = x_qs_k;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + k] = x_qs_k;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k] = x_qs_k;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
     }
 
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / 4;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*8) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*8 + threadIdx.x/(WARP_SIZE/8);
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/4;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1256,7 +1895,7 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q3_K * bxi = (const block_q3_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
 
-        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8);
+        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % 4;
 
         const int ksc_low = ksc % (QI3_K/8);
         const int shift_low = 4 * (ksc / (QI3_K/8));
@@ -1268,23 +1907,23 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const int sc = __vsubss4(sc_low | sc_high, 0x20202020);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         const int8_t * sc8 = (const int8_t *) &sc;
         const float d = bxi->d;
 
 #pragma unroll
         for (int l = 0; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
-            x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + sizeof(int)*(threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8)) + l] = d*sc8[l];
+            x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + sizeof(int)*ksc + l] = d*sc8[l];
         }
 #else
-        x_sc[i*(WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8)] = sc;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_sc[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8 + ksc] = sc;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-#ifndef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if !(defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE))
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x) % mmq_y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x) % mmq_y;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1294,12 +1933,14 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         x_df[i] = bxi->d;
     }
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // !(defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -1309,7 +1950,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR3_K*VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR3_K*VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1317,13 +1958,13 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                const int8_t * scales = ((const int8_t *) (x_sc + i*(WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8)) + k0/4;
+                const int8_t * scales = ((const int8_t *) (x_sc + i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8)) + k0/4;
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
-                    &x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], scales,
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
+                    &x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], scales,
                     x_df[i], y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
@@ -1340,72 +1981,85 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ int unpack_scales_q45_K(const int * scales, co
            ((scales[ksc/2]              >> (2 * (ksc % 2)))       & 0x30303030);  // upper 2 bits
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_K(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_K(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*WARP_SIZE);
+    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + 2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
     int   * x_sc = (int   *) (x_dm + txs.dm);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR4_K);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
         }
 
         const block_q4_K * bxi = (const block_q4_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
-        const int qs0 = get_int_b4(bxi->qs, threadIdx.x);
+        const int qs0 = get_int_b4(bxi->qs, txi);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + 16*(threadIdx.x/8) + threadIdx.x % 8 + 0] = (qs0 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + 16*(threadIdx.x/8) + threadIdx.x % 8 + 8] = (qs0 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + 16*(txi/8) + txi % 8 + 0] = (qs0 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + 16*(txi/8) + txi % 8 + 8] = (qs0 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + threadIdx.x] = qs0;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + txi] = qs0;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / 2;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*16) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*16 + threadIdx.x/(WARP_SIZE/16)) % mmq_y;
-
-        if (need_check) {
-            i = min(i, i_max);
-        }
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*rows_per_warp) {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        // Need if on AMD instead of % because warp_size == 64
+        // This causes double work and throughput loss (MI300X)
+        // H100 loses about 100 t/s with 'if' condition over '%'
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/2;
+        if (i < mmq_y) {
+#else
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/2) % mmq_y;
+        {
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+            if (need_check) {
+                i = min(i, i_max);
+            }
 
-        const block_q4_K * bxi = (const block_q4_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
+            const block_q4_K * bxi = (const block_q4_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
 
-        const int * scales = (const int *) bxi->scales;
-        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/16);
+            const int * scales = (const int *) bxi->scales;
+            const int ksc = threadIdx.x % 2;
 
-        const int sc32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 0);
-        const int  m32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 2);
+            const int sc32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 0);
+            const int  m32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 2);
 
-        const uint8_t * sc8 = (const uint8_t *) &sc32;
-        const uint8_t *  m8 = (const uint8_t *)  &m32;
+            const uint8_t * sc8 = (const uint8_t *) &sc32;
+            const uint8_t *  m8 = (const uint8_t *)  &m32;
 
-        const half2 dm = bxi->dm * make_half2(1.0f, -1.0f);
+            const half2 dm = bxi->dm * make_half2(1.0f, -1.0f);
 
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int l = 0; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
-            x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + sizeof(int)*ksc + l] = dm*make_half2(sc8[l], m8[l]);
+    #pragma unroll
+            for (int l = 0; l < sizeof(int); ++l) {
+                x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + sizeof(int)*ksc + l] = dm*make_half2(sc8[l], m8[l]);
+            }
         }
     }
-
 #else
-
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*QI4_K) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*QI4_K + threadIdx.x) % mmq_y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x) % mmq_y;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1415,30 +2069,32 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         x_dm[i] = bxi->dm;
     }
-
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / 4;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * 8) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y * 8 + threadIdx.x / (WARP_SIZE/8)) % mmq_y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8)) % mmq_y;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
         }
 
-        const block_q4_K * bxi = (const block_q4_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + (threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8)) / (QI4_K/8);
+        const block_q4_K * bxi = (const block_q4_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + (threadIdx.x % (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8)) / (QI4_K/8);
 
         const int * scales = (const int *) bxi->scales;
 
-        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8);
+        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8);
         const int scales8 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc);
 
-        x_sc[i*(WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + ksc] = scales8;
+        x_sc[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8 + ksc] = scales8;
     }
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -1448,7 +2104,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR4_K*VDR_Q4_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR4_K*VDR_Q4_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1456,97 +2112,110 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                const uint8_t * sc = (const uint8_t *) &x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + k0/32] + 2*(k01/16);
+                const uint8_t * sc = (const uint8_t *) &x_sc[i * (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8 + k0/32] + 2*(k01/16);
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
-                    &x_qs[i*(WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0/2], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], sc, sc+8,
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
+                    &x_qs[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0/2], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], sc, sc+8,
                     x_dm[i], &y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_K(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_K(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     half2 * x_dm = (half2 *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
     int   * x_sc = (int   *) (x_dm + txs.dm);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR5_K);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
         }
 
         const block_q5_K * bxi = (const block_q5_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
-        const int ky = QR5_K*threadIdx.x;
+        const int ky = QR5_K*txi;
 
-        const int ql = get_int_b4(bxi->qs, threadIdx.x);
+        const int ql = get_int_b4(bxi->qs, txi);
         const int ql0 = (ql >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
         const int ql1 = (ql >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-        const int qh = get_int_b4(bxi->qh, threadIdx.x % (QI5_K/4));
-        const int qh0 = ((qh >> (2 * (threadIdx.x / (QI5_K/4)) + 0)) << 4) & 0x10101010;
-        const int qh1 = ((qh >> (2 * (threadIdx.x / (QI5_K/4)) + 1)) << 4) & 0x10101010;
+        const int qh = get_int_b4(bxi->qh, txi % (QI5_K/4));
+        const int qh0 = ((qh >> (2 * (txi / (QI5_K/4)) + 0)) << 4) & 0x10101010;
+        const int qh1 = ((qh >> (2 * (txi / (QI5_K/4)) + 1)) << 4) & 0x10101010;
 
-        const int kq0 = ky - ky % (QI5_K/2) + threadIdx.x % (QI5_K/4) + 0;
-        const int kq1 = ky - ky % (QI5_K/2) + threadIdx.x % (QI5_K/4) + QI5_K/4;
+        const int kq0 = ky - ky % (QI5_K/2) + txi % (QI5_K/4) + 0;
+        const int kq1 = ky - ky % (QI5_K/2) + txi % (QI5_K/4) + QI5_K/4;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + kq0] = ql0 | qh0;
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + kq1] = ql1 | qh1;
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kq0] = ql0 | qh0;
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kq1] = ql1 | qh1;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kq0] = ql0 | qh0;
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kq1] = ql1 | qh1;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / 2;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*16) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*16 + threadIdx.x/(WARP_SIZE/16)) % mmq_y;
-
-        if (need_check) {
-            i = min(i, i_max);
-        }
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*rows_per_warp) {
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+        // Need if on AMD instead of % because warp_size == 64
+        // This causes double work and throughput loss (MI300X)
+        // H100 loses about 100 t/s with 'if' condition over '%'
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/2;
+        if (i < mmq_y) {
+#else
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/2) % mmq_y;
+        {
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+            if (need_check) {
+                i = min(i, i_max);
+            }
 
-        const block_q5_K * bxi = (const block_q5_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
+            const block_q5_K * bxi = (const block_q5_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
 
-        const int * scales = (const int *) bxi->scales;
-        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/16);
+            const int * scales = (const int *) bxi->scales;
+            const int ksc = threadIdx.x % 2;
 
-        const int sc32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 0);
-        const int  m32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 2);
+            const int sc32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 0);
+            const int  m32 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc + 2);
 
-        const uint8_t * sc8 = (const uint8_t *) &sc32;
-        const uint8_t *  m8 = (const uint8_t *)  &m32;
+            const uint8_t * sc8 = (const uint8_t *) &sc32;
+            const uint8_t *  m8 = (const uint8_t *)  &m32;
 
-        const half2 dm = bxi->dm * make_half2(1.0f, -1.0f);
+            const half2 dm = bxi->dm * make_half2(1.0f, -1.0f);
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int l = 0; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
-            x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + sizeof(int)*ksc + l] = dm*make_half2(sc8[l], m8[l]);
+            for (int l = 0; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
+                x_dm[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + sizeof(int)*ksc + l] = dm*make_half2(sc8[l], m8[l]);
+            }
         }
     }
-
 #else
-
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*QI5_K) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*QI5_K + threadIdx.x) % mmq_y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x) % mmq_y;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1557,9 +2226,10 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         x_dm[i] = bxi->dm;
     }
 
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / 4;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*8) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*8 + threadIdx.x/(WARP_SIZE/8)) % mmq_y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8)) % mmq_y;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1569,17 +2239,19 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const int * scales = (const int *) bxi->scales;
 
-        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8);
+        const int ksc = threadIdx.x % (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8);
         const int scales8 = unpack_scales_q45_K(scales, ksc);
 
-        x_sc[i*(WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + ksc] = scales8;
+        x_sc[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8 + ksc] = scales8;
     }
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -1589,7 +2261,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const half2 * y_ds = (const half2 *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR5_K*VDR_Q5_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR5_K*VDR_Q5_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1597,36 +2269,42 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                const uint8_t * sc = ((const uint8_t *) &x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + k00/32]) + 2*(k01/16);
+                const uint8_t * sc = ((const uint8_t *) &x_sc[i * (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8 + k00/32]) + 2*(k01/16);
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
-                    &x_qs[i*(QR5_K*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], sc, sc+8,
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
+                    &x_qs[i*(QR5_K*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], sc, sc+8,
                     x_dm[i], &y_ds[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q6_K(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q6_K(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
-    int   * x_sc = (int   *) (x_df + WARP_SIZE/QI6_K);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
+    int   * x_sc = (int   *) (x_df + MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
     int   * x_sc = (int   *) (x_df + txs.dm);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR6_K);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1634,67 +2312,67 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_q6_K * bxi = (const block_q6_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
 
-        const int ql = get_int_b2(bxi->ql, threadIdx.x);
+        const int ql = get_int_b2(bxi->ql, txi);
         const int ql0 = (ql >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
         const int ql1 = (ql >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-        const int qh = get_int_b2(bxi->qh, (QI6_K/4) * (threadIdx.x / (QI6_K/2)) + threadIdx.x % (QI6_K/4));
-        const int qh0 = ((qh >> ((threadIdx.x & 0x08) >> 2)) << 4) & 0x30303030;
-        const int qh1 =  (qh >> ((threadIdx.x & 0x08) >> 2))       & 0x30303030;
+        const int qh = get_int_b2(bxi->qh, (QI6_K/4) * (txi / (QI6_K/2)) + txi % (QI6_K/4));
+        const int qh0 = ((qh >> ((txi & 0x08) >> 2)) << 4) & 0x30303030;
+        const int qh1 =  (qh >> ((txi & 0x08) >> 2))       & 0x30303030;
 
-        const int kq0 = 2*threadIdx.x - threadIdx.x % (QI6_K/2) + 0;
-        const int kq1 = 2*threadIdx.x - threadIdx.x % (QI6_K/2) + QI6_K/2;
+        const int kq0 = 2*txi - txi % (QI6_K/2) + 0;
+        const int kq1 = 2*txi - txi % (QI6_K/2) + QI6_K/2;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + kq0] = __vsubss4(ql0 | qh0, 0x20202020);
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + kq1] = __vsubss4(ql1 | qh1, 0x20202020);
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kq0] = __vsubss4(ql0 | qh0, 0x20202020);
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + kq1] = __vsubss4(ql1 | qh1, 0x20202020);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kq0] = __vsubss4(ql0 | qh0, 0x20202020);
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + kq1] = __vsubss4(ql1 | qh1, 0x20202020);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI6_K;  // == 1 if QK_K == 256
-    const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row; // == 0 if QK_K == 256
-
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * QI6_K) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y * QI6_K + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row) % mmq_y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x) % mmq_y;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
         }
 
-        const block_q6_K * bxi = (const block_q6_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
+        const block_q6_K * bxi = (const block_q6_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K       + kbxd] = bxi->d;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K]           = bxi->d;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI6_K) + i/QI6_K + kbxd] = bxi->d;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K) + i/QI6_K] = bxi->d;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / 4;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * 8) {
-        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y * 8 + threadIdx.x / (WARP_SIZE/8)) % mmq_y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps*rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = (i0 + threadIdx.y*rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x/(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8)) % mmq_y;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
         }
 
-        const block_q6_K * bxi = (const block_q6_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + (threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8)) / 4;
+        const block_q6_K * bxi = (const block_q6_K *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + (threadIdx.x % (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8)) / 4;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_sc[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8)] = get_int_b2(bxi->scales, threadIdx.x % (QI6_K/8));
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_sc[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + threadIdx.x%4] = get_int_b2(bxi->scales, threadIdx.x % (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8));
 #else
-        x_sc[i*(WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8   + threadIdx.x % (WARP_SIZE/8)] = get_int_b2(bxi->scales, threadIdx.x % (QI6_K/8));
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_sc[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8 + threadIdx.x%(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8)] = get_int_b2(bxi->scales, threadIdx.x%(QI6_K/8));
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, mmq_y);
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
@@ -1704,7 +2382,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_dp4a(
     const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
 
 // #pragma unroll
-    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += QR6_K*VDR_Q6_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += QR6_K*VDR_Q6_K_Q8_1_MMQ) {
         const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1712,23 +2390,126 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_dp4a(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                const int8_t * sc = ((const int8_t *) &x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + k0/16]);
+                const int8_t * sc = ((const int8_t *) &x_sc[i * (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/8) + i/8 + k0/16]);
 
-                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/WARP_SIZE + i0/WARP_SIZE] += vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
-                    &x_qs[i*(QR6_K*WARP_SIZE + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], sc,
-                    x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/QI6_K) + i/QI6_K], &y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
+                sum[j0/nwarps*mmq_y/warp_size + i0/warp_size] += vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_impl_mmq(
+                    &x_qs[i*(QR6_K*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0], &y_qs[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01], sc,
+                    x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K) + i/QI6_K], &y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1]);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma(
     const int * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ sum, const int k00) {
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  8, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+    typedef tile<64,  2, int, input_layout>        tile_load;
+
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
+    const int   * x_sc = (const int   *) x_df + MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 4) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(((tile_load *) A)[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B[1];
+            load_generic(((tile_load *) B)[0], y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            const float dB = y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1] / 2;
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C C;
+                mma(C, A[n], B[0]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    const int8_t * sc = (const int8_t *) (x_sc + i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + k00/16);
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += C.x[l] * sc[k01/4] * x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K] * dB;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE) //wmma instructions can handle 16x4 tiles, does not require loading 64x2 tiles
+    constexpr data_layout input_layout = get_input_data_layout();
+    typedef tile<16,  4, int, input_layout>        tile_A;
+    typedef tile<16,  4, int, input_layout>        tile_B;
+    typedef tile<16, 16, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+
+    constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+    constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
+
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+    const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
+    const int   * x_sc = (const int   *) x_df + MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K;
+    const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
+    const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
+
+    const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * rows_per_warp;
+
+    for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 4) {
+        const int k0 = k00 + k01;
+
+        tile_A A[ntx];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+            load_generic(A[n], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + k0, MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K);
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
+            tile_B B;
+            load_generic(B, y_qs + j0*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01, MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+
+            const int j = j0 + tile_C::get_j(0);
+            const float dB = y_df[j*MMQ_TILE_Y_K + k01/QI8_1];
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
+                tile_C C;
+                mma(C, A[n], B);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int l = 0; l < tile_C::ne; ++l) {
+                    const int i = i0 + n*tile_C::I + tile_C::get_i(l);
+                    const int8_t * sc = (const int8_t *) (x_sc + i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + k00/16);
+                    sum[(j0/tile_C::J + n)*tile_C::ne + l] += C.x[l] * sc[k01/4] * x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K] * dB;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)
 
     typedef tile<16, 4, int> tile_A;
     typedef tile< 8, 4, int> tile_B;
@@ -1738,11 +2519,11 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma(
     constexpr int rows_per_warp = 2 * granularity;
     constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
 
-    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_B::I*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
+    y += (threadIdx.y % ntx) * (tile_C::J*MMQ_TILE_Y_K);
 
     const int   * x_qs = (const int   *) x;
-    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2;
-    const int   * x_sc = (const int   *) x_df + WARP_SIZE/QI6_K;
+    const float * x_df = (const float *) x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2;
+    const int   * x_sc = (const int   *) x_df + MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI6_K;
     const int   * y_qs = (const int   *) y + 4;
     const float * y_df = (const float *) y;
 
@@ -1755,7 +2536,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int n = 0; n < ntx; ++n) {
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += 8) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 8) {
             const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
             load_ldmatrix(A[n][k01/4 + 0], x_qs + (i0 + n*tile_A::I)*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K + (k0 + 0),         MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q6_K);
@@ -1763,7 +2544,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma(
         }
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += 16) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 16) {
             const int k0 = k00 + k01;
 
 #pragma unroll
@@ -1793,7 +2574,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma(
         float tmp[ntx][tile_C::ne] = {{0.0f}};
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < WARP_SIZE; k01 += 8) {
+        for (int k01 = 0; k01 < MMQ_TILE_NE_K; k01 += 8) {
             tile_B B[2];
             float dB[tile_C::ne/2];
 
@@ -1830,29 +2611,34 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma(
         }
     }
 #else
-    GGML_UNUSED(x); GGML_UNUSED(y); GGML_UNUSED(sum); GGML_UNUSED(k00);
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(x, y, sum, k00);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE || AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq4_nl(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq4_nl(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kbx  = threadIdx.x / QI4_NL;
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI4_NL;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR4_NL);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int txi = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
+    const int kbx  = txi / QI4_NL;
+    const int kqsx = txi % QI4_NL;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1861,23 +2647,25 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         const block_iq4_nl * bxi = (const block_iq4_nl *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
 
         const int aux_q4 = get_int_b2(bxi->qs, kqsx);
-        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4);
-        const int k0 = 8 * (threadIdx.x / 4) + threadIdx.x % 4;
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0 + 0] = v.x;
-        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0 + 4] = v.y;
+        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4, kvalues_iq4nl);
+        const int k0 = kbx * (2 * QI4_NL) + kqsx;
+
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0 + 0]      = v.x;
+        x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0 + QI4_NL] = v.y;
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + k0 + 0] = v.x;
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + k0 + 4] = v.y;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0 + 0]      = v.x;
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0 + QI4_NL] = v.y;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
-    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI4_NL;
+    constexpr int blocks_per_tile_x_row = MMQ_TILE_NE_K / QI4_NL;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
     const int kbxd = threadIdx.x % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * QI4_NL) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * QI4_NL + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1885,31 +2673,35 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
         const block_iq4_nl * bxi = (const block_iq4_nl *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbxd;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kbxd] = __half2float(bxi->d);
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0             + kbxd] = __half2float(bxi->d);
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4   + kbxd] = __half2float(bxi->d);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/QI4_NL) + i/QI4_NL + kbxd] = __half2float(bxi->d);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq2_xxs(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq2_xxs(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % (QI2_XXS/2);
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = (MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR2_XXS)) / 2;
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = warp_size > threads_per_row ? threadIdx.x % threads_per_row : threadIdx.x;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/(QI2_XXS/2)) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*(2*WARP_SIZE/QI2_XXS) + threadIdx.x/(QI2_XXS/2);
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * nrows) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1923,51 +2715,55 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
 #pragma unroll
         for (int l = 0; l < QR2_XXS; ++l) {
-            const int * grid_pos = (const int *) (iq2xxs_grid + aux8[l]);
-            const int signs_packed = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> (7*l)) & 0x7F];
+            const uint2 grid_pos = ((const uint2*)iq2xxs_grid)[aux8[l]];
+            const uint32_t signs = unpack_ksigns(aux32 >> (7 * l));
 
-            const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(((signs_packed & 0x03) << 7) | ((signs_packed & 0x0C) << 21), 0x00000000);
-            const int grid0 = __vsub4(grid_pos[0] ^ signs0, signs0);
+            const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x08040201, 0);
+            const int grid0 = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs0, signs0);
 
-            const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(((signs_packed & 0x30) << 3) | ((signs_packed & 0xC0) << 17), 0x00000000);
-            const int grid1 = __vsub4(grid_pos[1] ^ signs1, signs1);
+            const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x80402010, 0);
+            const int grid1 = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs1, signs1);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid0;
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid1;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid0;
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid1;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid0;
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid1;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
-        const int ls = aux32 >> 28;
+        const int ls = aux32 >> 27 | 1; // (scale * 2 + 1)
         const float d = bxi->d;
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kqsx] = (ls*d + d/2)/4;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0   + kqsx] = d * ls / 8; // (d * scale + d / 2) / 4
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4   + kqsx] = (ls*d + d/2)/4;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/4) + i/4 + kqsx] = d * ls / 8; // (d * scale + d / 2) / 4
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE)  || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq2_xs(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq2_xs(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = MMQ_DP4A_TXS_Q8_0_16;
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % (QI2_XS/2);
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = (MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR2_XS)) / 2;
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/(QI2_XS/2)) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*(2*WARP_SIZE/QI2_XS) + threadIdx.x/(QI2_XS/2);
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * nrows) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -1980,50 +2776,56 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 
     #pragma unroll
         for (int l = 0; l < QR2_XS; ++l) {
-            const uint32_t * grid_pos = (const uint32_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 0x000001FF));
-            const uint32_t * signs    = (const uint32_t *)(ksigns64   + (q2[l] >> 9));
+            const uint2 grid_pos = ((const uint2*)iq2xs_grid)[q2[l] & 0x1FF];
+            const uint32_t signs = unpack_ksigns(q2[l] >> 9);
+
+            const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x08040201, 0);
+            const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs0, signs0);
 
-            const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos[0] ^ signs[0], signs[0]);
-            const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos[1] ^ signs[1], signs[1]);
+            const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x80402010, 0);
+            const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs1, signs1);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
         const int ls = bxi->scales[kqsx];
         const float d = bxi->d;
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K               + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K               + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K                   + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K                   + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(2*WARP_SIZE*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
-        x_df[i*(2*WARP_SIZE*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
+        x_df[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq2_s(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq2_s(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % (QI2_S/2);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = (MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR2_S)) / 2;
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/(QI2_S/2)) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*(2*WARP_SIZE/QI2_S) + threadIdx.x/(QI2_S/2);
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * nrows) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -2049,44 +2851,48 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
             const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos[0] ^ signs0, signs0);
             const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos[1] ^ signs1, signs1);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
         const int ls = bxi->scales[kqsx];
         const float d = bxi->d;
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K               + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K               + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K                   + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q3_K                   + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(2*WARP_SIZE*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
-        x_df[i*(2*WARP_SIZE*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+0] = ((ls &  0x0F)*d + d/2)/4;
+        x_df[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2/QI8_0) + i/(QI8_0/4) + 2*kqsx+1] = ((ls >>    4)*d + d/2)/4;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq3_xxs(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq3_xxs(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % (QI3_XXS/2);
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = (MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR3_XXS)) / 2;
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/(QI3_XXS/2)) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*(2*WARP_SIZE/QI3_XXS) + threadIdx.x/(QI3_XXS/2);
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * nrows) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -2101,48 +2907,54 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
 #pragma unroll
         for (int l = 0; l < QR3_XXS; ++l) {
             const int2 grid_pos = make_int2(iq3xxs_grid[q3[2*l+0]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[2*l+1]]);
+            const uint32_t signs = unpack_ksigns(aux32 >> (7*l));
 
-            const int * signs = (const int *)(ksigns64 + ((aux32 >> (7*l)) & 0x7F));
+            const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x08040201, 0);
+            const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs0, signs0);
 
-            const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs[0], signs[0]);
-            const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs[1], signs[1]);
+            const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x80402010, 0);
+            const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs1, signs1);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 0)] = grid_l;
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l + 1)] = grid_h;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
         const int ls = aux32 >> 28;
         const float d = bxi->d;
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kqsx] = (ls*d + d/2)/2;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0     + kqsx] = (ls*d + d/2)/2;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4   + kqsx] = (ls*d + d/2)/2;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/4) + i/4   + kqsx] = (ls*d + d/2)/2;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq3_s(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq3_s(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % (QI3_S/2);
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = (MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR3_S)) / 2;
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/(QI3_S/2)) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*(2*WARP_SIZE/QI3_S) + threadIdx.x/(QI3_S/2);
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * nrows) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -2170,42 +2982,46 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
             const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs0, signs0);
             const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs1, signs1);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 8*kqsx + (2*l+0)] = grid_l;
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + 8*kqsx + (2*l+1)] = grid_h;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l+0)] = grid_l;
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l+1)] = grid_h;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l+0)] = grid_l;
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l+1)] = grid_h;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
         const int ls = 1 + 2*((bxi->scales[kqsx/2] >> (((2*kqsx) << 1) & 0x04)) & 0x0F);
         const float d = bxi->d;
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + kqsx] = ls*d;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0     + kqsx] = ls*d;
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4   + kqsx] = ls*d;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/4) + i/4   + kqsx] = ls*d;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq1_s(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq1_s(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    half2 * x_ds = (half2 *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    half2 * x_ds = (half2 *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     half2 * x_ds = (half2 *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % QI1_S;
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR1_S);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * WARP_SIZE/QI1_S) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*(WARP_SIZE/QI1_S) + threadIdx.x/QI1_S;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * nrows) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row;
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -2225,66 +3041,71 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
             const int grid0 = (grid >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
             const int grid1 = (grid >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + 8*kqsx + (2*l+0)] = grid0;
             x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + 8*kqsx + (2*l+1)] = grid1;
 #else
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l+0)] = grid0;
-            x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + 8*kqsx + (2*l+1)] = grid1;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l+0)] = grid0;
+            x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + 8*kqsx + (2*l+1)] = grid1;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
         const float  d1q   = __half2float(bxi->d) * (((qh >> 11) & 0x0E) + 1);
         const float  delta = -1.0f + IQ1S_DELTA - (qh & 0x8000) * (2.0f*IQ1S_DELTA/0x8000);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_ds[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1 + kqsx] = make_half2(d1q, d1q*delta);
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_ds[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_1     + kqsx] = make_half2(d1q, d1q*delta);
 #else
-        x_ds[i*(WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4   + kqsx] = make_half2(d1q, d1q*delta);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_ds[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/4) + i/4   + kqsx] = make_half2(d1q, d1q*delta);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq4_xs(
+template <int mmq_y, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_iq4_xs(
     const char * __restrict__ x, int * __restrict__ x_tile, const int kbx0, const int i_max, const int stride) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
-    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + WARP_SIZE*2);
+    float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + MMQ_TILE_NE_K*2);
 #else
     constexpr tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS, mmq_y);
     int   * x_qs = (int   *)  x_tile;
     float * x_df = (float *) (x_qs + txs.qs);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    const int kbx  = 0;           // threadIdx.x / QI4_XS
-    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x; // threadIdx.x % QI4_XS
+    constexpr int threads_per_row = MMQ_ITER_K / (4 * QR4_XS);
+    constexpr int nrows = warp_size / threads_per_row;
+    const int kqsx = threadIdx.x % threads_per_row;
 
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y;
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nrows*nwarps) {
+        int i = i0 + (nrows == 1 ? threadIdx.y : threadIdx.y*nrows + threadIdx.x/threads_per_row);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
         }
 
-        const block_iq4_xs * bxi = (const block_iq4_xs *) x + kbx0 + i*stride + kbx;
+        const block_iq4_xs * bxi = (const block_iq4_xs *) x + kbx0 + i*stride;
 
         const int aux_q4 = get_int_b4(bxi->qs, kqsx);
-        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4);
-        const int k0 = 8 * (threadIdx.x / 4) + threadIdx.x % 4;
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4, kvalues_iq4nl);
+        const int k0 = 8 * (kqsx / 4) + kqsx % 4;
+
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0 + 0] = v.x;
         x_qs[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + k0 + 4] = v.y;
 #else
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + k0 + 0] = v.x;
-        x_qs[i*(2*WARP_SIZE + 1)     + k0 + 4] = v.y;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0 + 0] = v.x;
+        x_qs[i*(2*MMQ_TILE_NE_K + 1) + k0 + 4] = v.y;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = warp_size / 8;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * 4) {
-        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * 4 + threadIdx.x / (WARP_SIZE/4);
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += nwarps * rows_per_warp) {
+        int i = i0 + threadIdx.y * rows_per_warp + threadIdx.x / (MMQ_TILE_NE_K/4);
 
         if (need_check) {
             i = min(i, i_max);
@@ -2297,18 +3118,21 @@ template <int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check> static __device__ __forceinlin
         const int ls = ((bxi->scales_l[(threadIdx.x % 8)/2] >> (4*(threadIdx.x % 2))) & 0x0F)
             | (((bxi->scales_h >> (2*(threadIdx.x % 8))) & 0x03) << 4);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0 + threadIdx.x % 8] = d * (ls - 32);
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+        x_df[i*MMQ_MMA_TILE_X_K_Q8_0   + threadIdx.x % 8] = d * (ls - 32);
 #else
-        x_df[i*(WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4   + threadIdx.x % 8] = d * (ls - 32);
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+        x_df[i*(MMQ_TILE_NE_K/4) + i/4 + threadIdx.x % 8] = d * (ls - 32);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     }
 }
 
-template<int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
+template<int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void mmq_write_back_dp4a(
         const float * __restrict__ sum, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids_dst, float * __restrict__ dst,
         const int stride, const int i_max, const int j_max) {
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps) {
         const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
@@ -2318,32 +3142,42 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void mmq_write_back_dp4a(
         }
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
             const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
             if (need_check && i > i_max) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            dst[ids_dst[j]*stride + i] = sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/WARP_SIZE) + i0/WARP_SIZE];
+            dst[ids_dst[j]*stride + i] = sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/warp_size) + i0/warp_size];
         }
     }
 }
 
-template<int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
+template<ggml_type type, int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void mmq_write_back_mma(
         const float * __restrict__ sum, const int * __restrict__ ids_dst, float * __restrict__ dst,
         const int stride, const int i_max, const int j_max) {
-    typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_C;
 
     constexpr int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x);
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr int tileC_IJ = mmq_get_granularity_device(0);
+    typedef tile<tileC_IJ, tileC_IJ, int, DATA_LAYOUT_J_MAJOR> tile_C;
+    constexpr int rows_per_warp = granularity;
+#else
+    typedef tile<16, 8, int> tile_C;
     constexpr int rows_per_warp = 2 * granularity;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE)
     constexpr int ntx = rows_per_warp/tile_C::I; // Number of x minitiles per warp.
 
     const int i0 = (threadIdx.y / ntx) * (ntx*tile_C::I);
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#if defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
     static_assert(nwarps*tile_C::I == mmq_y, "nwarps*tile_C::I != mmq_y");
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(nwarps);
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += ntx*tile_C::J) {
@@ -2371,188 +3205,212 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void mmq_write_back_mma(
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check, ggml_type type>
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check, ggml_type type>
 struct mmq_type_traits;
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q4_0<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_DS4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q4_0<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_DS4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q4_1<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q4_1<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q5_0_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q5_0<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q5_0<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q5_1_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q5_1<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q5_1<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q8_0<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q8_0<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+};
+
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_MXFP4> {
+    static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMQ;
+#ifdef BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles  = load_tiles_mxfp4_fp4<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma = vec_dot_mxfp4_mxfp4_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+#else
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_mxfp4<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+#endif // BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q2_K> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q2_K> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q2_K<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q2_K<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q3_K> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q3_K> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q3_K<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q3_K<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q4_K> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q4_K> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q4_K_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q4_K<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q4_K<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q5_K> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q5_K> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q5_K_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q5_K<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q5_K<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q6_K> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_Q6_K> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_Q6_K_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q6_K<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_q6_K<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ2_XXS_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq2_xxs<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq2_xxs<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ2_XS_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq2_xs<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq2_xs<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ2_S_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq2_s<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq2_s<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ3_XXS_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq3_xxs<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq3_xxs<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ3_S_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq3_s<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq3_s<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ1_S_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq1_s<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq1_s<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ4_NL_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq4_nl<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq4_nl<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS> {
+template <int mmq_x, int mmq_y, bool need_check>
+struct mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS> {
     static constexpr int              vdr          = VDR_IQ4_XS_Q8_1_MMQ;
-    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq4_xs<mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
-    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps>;
+    static constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles   = load_tiles_iq4_xs<mmq_y, need_check>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_mma  = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, MMQ_Q8_1_DS_LAYOUT_D4>;
+    static constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot_dp4a = vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y>;
 };
 
-template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x, int nwarps, bool need_check, bool fixup>
+template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x, bool need_check, bool fixup>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void mul_mat_q_process_tile(
         const char * __restrict__ x, const int offset_x, const int * __restrict__ y,
         const int * __restrict__ ids_dst, float * __restrict__ dst, float * __restrict__ tmp_fixup,
         const int stride_row_x, const int ncols_y, const int stride_col_dst,
         const int tile_x_max_i, const int tile_y_max_j, const int kb0_start, const int kb0_stop) {
 
+    constexpr int              warp_size  = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+    constexpr int              nwarps     = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
     constexpr int              qk         = ggml_cuda_type_traits<type>::qk;
     constexpr int              mmq_y      = get_mmq_y_device();
-    constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles = mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, type>::load_tiles;
+    constexpr load_tiles_mmq_t load_tiles = mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, type>::load_tiles;
 
     extern __shared__ int data_mul_mat_q[];
     int * tile_y = data_mul_mat_q + mmq_x;
-    int * tile_x = tile_y + GGML_PAD(mmq_x*(WARP_SIZE + WARP_SIZE/QI8_1), nwarps*WARP_SIZE);
+    int * tile_x = tile_y + GGML_PAD(mmq_x*MMQ_TILE_Y_K, nwarps*warp_size);
 
-#ifdef NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot    = mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, type>::vec_dot_mma;
-    constexpr mmq_write_back_t write_back = mmq_write_back_mma<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
+#if defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
+    constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot    = mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, type>::vec_dot_mma;
+    constexpr mmq_write_back_t write_back = mmq_write_back_mma<type, mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check>;
 #else
-    constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot    = mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check, type>::vec_dot_dp4a;
-    constexpr mmq_write_back_t write_back = mmq_write_back_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, nwarps, need_check>;
-#endif // NEW_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    constexpr vec_dot_mmq_t    vec_dot    = mmq_type_traits<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check, type>::vec_dot_dp4a;
+    constexpr mmq_write_back_t write_back = mmq_write_back_dp4a<mmq_x, mmq_y, need_check>;
+#endif // defined(AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE) || defined(AMD_WMMA_AVAILABLE)
 
-    constexpr int blocks_per_iter = MMQ_ITER_K / qk;
+#if defined(BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+    // FP4 tile stores 8 blocks
+    constexpr int ne_block = (type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4) ? 8 * QK_MXFP4 : 4 * QK8_1;
+#else
+    constexpr int ne_block = 4 * QK8_1;
+#endif  // defined(BLACKWELL_MMA_AVAILABLE)
+
+    constexpr int ITER_K          = get_iter_k(type);
+    constexpr int blocks_per_iter = ITER_K / qk;
 
-    float sum[mmq_x*mmq_y / (nwarps*WARP_SIZE)] = {0.0f};
+    float sum[mmq_x*mmq_y / (nwarps*warp_size)] = {0.0f};
+
+    constexpr int sz = sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq) / sizeof(int);
 
     for (int kb0 = kb0_start; kb0 < kb0_stop; kb0 += blocks_per_iter) {
         load_tiles(x, tile_x, offset_x + kb0, tile_x_max_i, stride_row_x);
-
         {
-            const int * by0 = y + ncols_y*(kb0*(qk*sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq) / (4*QK8_1*sizeof(int))) + 0*sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq)/sizeof(int));
+            const int * by0 = y + ncols_y * (kb0 * qk / ne_block) * sz;
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int l0 = 0; l0 < mmq_x*MMQ_TILE_Y_K; l0 += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-                int l = l0 + threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x;
+            for (int l0 = 0; l0 < mmq_x * MMQ_TILE_Y_K; l0 += nwarps * warp_size) {
+                int l = l0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
 
                 tile_y[l] = by0[l];
             }
@@ -2565,10 +3423,10 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void mul_mat_q_process_tile(
         __syncthreads();
 
         {
-            const int * by0 = y + ncols_y*(kb0*(qk*sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq) / (4*QK8_1*sizeof(int))) + 1*sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq)/sizeof(int));
+            const int * by0 = y + ncols_y * ((kb0 * qk / ne_block) * sz + sz);
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int l0 = 0; l0 < mmq_x*MMQ_TILE_Y_K; l0 += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-                int l = l0 + threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x;
+            for (int l0 = 0; l0 < mmq_x * MMQ_TILE_Y_K; l0 += nwarps * warp_size) {
+                int l = l0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
 
                 tile_y[l] = by0[l];
             }
@@ -2576,7 +3434,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void mul_mat_q_process_tile(
 
         __syncthreads();
 
-        vec_dot(tile_x, tile_y, sum, WARP_SIZE);
+        vec_dot(tile_x, tile_y, sum, MMQ_TILE_NE_K);
 
         __syncthreads();
     }
@@ -2591,24 +3449,25 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void mul_mat_q_process_tile(
 
 // The mul_mat_q kernel implements "stream-k" work partitioning as described in https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.03598
 
-template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x, bool need_check>
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 #if defined(RDNA4) || defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA2) || defined(CDNA) || defined(GCN)
-    __launch_bounds__(WARP_SIZE*nwarps, 2)
+    __launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()*mmq_get_nwarps_device(), 2)
 #endif // defined(RDNA4) || defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA2) || defined(CDNA) || defined(GCN)
 #else
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
-    __launch_bounds__(WARP_SIZE*nwarps, 1)
+    __launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()*mmq_get_nwarps_device(), 1)
 #else
-    __launch_bounds__(WARP_SIZE*nwarps, 2)
+    __launch_bounds__(ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()*mmq_get_nwarps_device(), 2)
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
 static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
         const char * __restrict__ x, const int * __restrict__ y, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids_dst,
         const int32_t * __restrict__ expert_bounds, float * __restrict__ dst, float * __restrict__ tmp_fixup,
         const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x, const int ncols_dst, const int stride_row_x, const int ncols_y, const int stride_col_dst,
         const int channel_ratio, const int nchannels_y, const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
-        const int sample_ratio, const int nsamples_y, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst) {
+        const int sample_ratio, const int nsamples_y, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst,
+        const int ncols_max) {
 
     // Skip unused template specializations for faster compilation:
     if (mmq_x > get_mmq_x_max_device() || mmq_x % mmq_get_granularity_device(mmq_x) != 0) {
@@ -2616,10 +3475,13 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
         return;
     }
 
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+
     constexpr int qk    = ggml_cuda_type_traits<type>::qk;
     constexpr int mmq_y = get_mmq_y_device();
 
-    const int ntx = (ncols_dst + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x; // Number of tiles x
+    const int ntx = (ncols_max + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x; // Number of tiles x
     const int nty = (nrows_x   + mmq_y - 1) / mmq_y; // Number of tiles y
 
     // Initialize the ids for writing back data with just the index.
@@ -2627,10 +3489,10 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
     // For MoE the correct indices are loaded from ids_dst.
     extern __shared__ int ids_dst_shared[]; // Stored at beginning of shared memory.
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x;
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
 
-        if (j0 + nwarps*WARP_SIZE > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
+        if (j0 + nwarps*warp_size > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2638,8 +3500,8 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
     }
     __syncthreads();
 
-    // On AMD or old CUDA the performance with stream-k was worse, use conventional tiling instead:
-#if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+    // On non-CDNA AMD or old CUDA the performance with stream-k was worse, use conventional tiling instead:
+#if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(CDNA)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
     {
         const int wt = blockIdx.z / nchannels_y;
         const int zt = blockIdx.z - wt*nchannels_y;
@@ -2667,10 +3529,10 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
 
             // __syncthreads(); // There is no previous tile that could cause a race condition.
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x;
+            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
 
-                if (j0 + nwarps*WARP_SIZE > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
+                if (j0 + nwarps*warp_size > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -2688,15 +3550,17 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
         const int offset_x = (wt/sample_ratio)*stride_sample_x + (zt/channel_ratio)*stride_channel_x + it*mmq_y*stride_row_x;
 
         constexpr bool fixup = false;
-        mul_mat_q_process_tile<type, mmq_x, nwarps, need_check, fixup>
+        mul_mat_q_process_tile<type, mmq_x, need_check, fixup>
             (x, offset_x, y + offset_y, ids_dst_shared, dst + offset_dst, tmp_fixup, stride_row_x, ncols_y, stride_col_dst,
              tile_x_max_i, tile_y_max_j, 0, ncols_x/qk);
         return;
     }
-#endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(CDNA3)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ < GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+
+    constexpr int ITER_K = get_iter_k(type);
 
     const     int64_t blocks_per_ne00 = ncols_x / qk;
-    constexpr int     blocks_per_iter = MMQ_ITER_K / qk;
+    constexpr int     blocks_per_iter = ITER_K / qk;
 
     // kbc == k block continuous, current index in continuous ijk space.
     int64_t kbc      = (int64_t) blockIdx.x     *nsamples_y*nchannels_y*ntx*nty*blocks_per_ne00 / gridDim.x;
@@ -2745,10 +3609,10 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
 
             __syncthreads();
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x;
+            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
 
-                if (j0 + nwarps*WARP_SIZE > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
+                if (j0 + nwarps*warp_size > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -2757,7 +3621,7 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
             __syncthreads();
         }
 
-        offset_y   += (col_low + jt*mmq_x)*(sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq)/sizeof(int));
+        offset_y += (col_low + jt * mmq_x) * (sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq) / sizeof(int));
         offset_dst += it*mmq_y;
 
         const int tile_x_max_i = nrows_x  - it*mmq_y - 1;
@@ -2766,7 +3630,7 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
         const int offset_x = (wt/sample_ratio)*stride_sample_x + (zt/channel_ratio)*stride_channel_x + it*mmq_y*stride_row_x;
 
         constexpr bool fixup = false; // All but (potentially) the last iterations write their data to dst rather than the fixup buffer.
-        mul_mat_q_process_tile<type, mmq_x, nwarps, need_check, fixup>
+        mul_mat_q_process_tile<type, mmq_x, need_check, fixup>
             (x, offset_x, y + offset_y, ids_dst_shared, dst + offset_dst, tmp_fixup, stride_row_x, ncols_y, stride_col_dst,
              tile_x_max_i, tile_y_max_j, kb0_start, kb0_stop);
 
@@ -2812,10 +3676,10 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
         // The memory layout for the fixup buffer is always contiguous, therefore reset ids:
         __syncthreads();
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x;
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < mmq_x; j0 += nwarps*warp_size) {
+            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x;
 
-            if (j0 + nwarps*WARP_SIZE > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
+            if (j0 + nwarps*warp_size > mmq_x && j >= mmq_x) {
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -2824,7 +3688,7 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
         __syncthreads();
     }
 
-    offset_y   += (col_low + jt*mmq_x)*(sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq)/sizeof(int));
+    offset_y += (col_low + jt * mmq_x) * (sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq) / sizeof(int));
     offset_dst += it*mmq_y;
 
     const int tile_x_max_i = nrows_x  - it*mmq_y - 1;
@@ -2833,25 +3697,38 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
     const int offset_x = (wt/sample_ratio)*stride_sample_x + (zt/channel_ratio)*stride_channel_x + it*mmq_y*stride_row_x;
 
     constexpr bool fixup = true; // Last index writes its data to fixup buffer to avoid data races with other blocks.
-    mul_mat_q_process_tile<type, mmq_x, nwarps, need_check, fixup>
+    mul_mat_q_process_tile<type, mmq_x, need_check, fixup>
         (x, offset_x, y + offset_y, ids_dst_shared, dst + offset_dst, tmp_fixup, stride_row_x, ncols_y, stride_col_dst,
          tile_x_max_i, tile_y_max_j, kb0_start, kb0_stop);
 }
 
-
-template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x, int nwarps, bool need_check>
-static __global__ void mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup(
-        const int32_t * ids_dst, const int32_t * expert_bounds, float * __restrict__ dst, const float * __restrict__ tmp_last_tile,
-        const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x, const int ncols_dst, const int stride_col_dst,
-        const int nchannels_y, const int stride_channel_dst, const int nsamples_y, const int stride_sample_dst) {
+template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x, bool need_check>
+static __global__ void mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup(const int32_t * ids_dst,
+                                                const int32_t * expert_bounds,
+                                                float * __restrict__ dst,
+                                                const float * __restrict__ tmp_last_tile,
+                                                const int    ncols_x,
+                                                const int    nrows_x,
+                                                const int    ncols_dst,
+                                                const size_t stride_col_dst,
+                                                const int    nchannels_y,
+                                                const size_t stride_channel_dst,
+                                                const int    nsamples_y,
+                                                const size_t stride_sample_dst,
+                                                const int    ncols_max) {
     constexpr int     mmq_y           = get_mmq_y_device();
     constexpr int     qk              = ggml_cuda_type_traits<type>::qk;
-    constexpr int     blocks_per_iter = MMQ_ITER_K / qk;
+    constexpr int     ITER_K          = get_iter_k(type);
+
+    constexpr int     blocks_per_iter = ITER_K / qk;
     const     int64_t blocks_per_ne00 = ncols_x / qk;
 
-    float sum[mmq_x*mmq_y / (nwarps*WARP_SIZE)] = {0.0f};
+    constexpr int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_device();
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+
+    float sum[mmq_x*mmq_y / (nwarps*warp_size)] = {0.0f};
 
-    const int ntx  = (ncols_dst + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x;
+    const int ntx  = (ncols_max + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x;
     const int nty  = (nrows_x   + mmq_y - 1) / mmq_y;
 
     const int bidx0 = blockIdx.x;
@@ -2893,10 +3770,10 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup(
             const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
-                sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/WARP_SIZE) + i0/WARP_SIZE] += tmp_last_tile[bidx*(mmq_x*mmq_y) + j*mmq_y + i];
+                sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/warp_size) + i0/warp_size] += tmp_last_tile[bidx*(mmq_x*mmq_y) + j*mmq_y + i];
             }
         }
 
@@ -2937,14 +3814,14 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup(
             }
 
 #pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
                 const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
                 if (need_check && i > i_max) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                dst[j*stride_col_dst + i] += sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/WARP_SIZE) + i0/WARP_SIZE];
+                dst[j*stride_col_dst + i] += sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/warp_size) + i0/warp_size];
             }
         }
         return;
@@ -2955,8 +3832,8 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup(
     const int col_high = expert_bounds[zt + 1];
     const int col_diff = col_high - col_low;
 
-    for (int j = threadIdx.y*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x; j < mmq_x; j += nwarps*WARP_SIZE) {
-        ids_dst_shared[j] = ids_dst[col_low + j];
+    for (int j = threadIdx.y*warp_size + threadIdx.x; j < mmq_x; j += nwarps*warp_size) {
+        ids_dst_shared[j] = ids_dst[col_low + jt*mmq_x + j];
     }
     __syncthreads();
 
@@ -2975,14 +3852,14 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup(
         }
 
 #pragma unroll
-        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < mmq_y; i0 += warp_size) {
             const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
 
             if (need_check && i > i_max) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            dst[ids_dst_shared[j]*stride_col_dst + i] += sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/WARP_SIZE) + i0/WARP_SIZE];
+            dst[ids_dst_shared[j]*stride_col_dst + i] += sum[(j0/nwarps) * (mmq_y/warp_size) + i0/warp_size];
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2992,17 +3869,17 @@ struct mmq_args {
     int64_t ncols_x; int64_t nrows_x; int64_t ncols_dst; int64_t stride_row_x; int64_t ncols_y; int64_t nrows_dst;
     int64_t nchannels_x; int64_t nchannels_y; int64_t stride_channel_x; int64_t stride_channel_y; int64_t stride_channel_dst;
     int64_t nsamples_x; int64_t nsamples_y; int64_t stride_sample_x; int64_t stride_sample_y; int64_t stride_sample_dst;
-    bool use_stream_k;
+    bool use_stream_k; int64_t ncols_max;
 };
 
 template<ggml_type type>
-static size_t mmq_get_nbytes_shared(const int mmq_x, const int mmq_y, const int cc) {
+static size_t mmq_get_nbytes_shared(const int mmq_x, const int mmq_y, const int cc, const int warp_size, const int nwarps) {
     const tile_x_sizes txs = mmq_get_dp4a_tile_x_sizes(type, mmq_y);
     const int mmq_tile_x_k = mmq_get_mma_tile_x_k(type);
     const size_t nbs_ids = mmq_x*sizeof(int);
-    const size_t nbs_x = new_mma_available(cc) ? mmq_y*mmq_tile_x_k*sizeof(int) : txs.qs*sizeof(int) + txs.dm*sizeof(half2) + txs.sc*sizeof(int);
-    const size_t nbs_y = mmq_x*sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq);
-    return nbs_ids + nbs_x + GGML_PAD(nbs_y, MMQ_NWARPS*WARP_SIZE*sizeof(int));
+    const size_t nbs_x = (turing_mma_available(cc) || amd_mfma_available(cc) || amd_wmma_available(cc)) ? mmq_y*mmq_tile_x_k*sizeof(int) : txs.qs*sizeof(int) + txs.dm*sizeof(half2) + txs.sc*sizeof(int);
+    const size_t nbs_y = mmq_x * (sizeof(block_q8_1_mmq));
+    return nbs_ids + nbs_x + GGML_PAD(nbs_y, nwarps*warp_size*sizeof(int));
 }
 
 template <ggml_type type, int mmq_x>
@@ -3010,23 +3887,19 @@ static void launch_mul_mat_q(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const mmq_args & a
     const int id = ggml_cuda_get_device();
     const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
     const int nsm = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].nsm;
+    const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].warp_size;
+    const int nwarps = mmq_get_nwarps_host(cc, warp_size);
     const int mmq_y = get_mmq_y_host(cc);
 
-    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, MMQ_NWARPS, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(warp_size, nwarps, 1);
 
-    const int nbytes_shared = mmq_get_nbytes_shared<type>(mmq_x, mmq_y, cc);
+    const int nbytes_shared = mmq_get_nbytes_shared<type>(mmq_x, mmq_y, cc, warp_size, nwarps);
 
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
-    static bool shared_memory_limit_raised[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {false};
-    if (!shared_memory_limit_raised[id]) {
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, false>, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, nbytes_shared));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, true>,  cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, nbytes_shared));
-        shared_memory_limit_raised[id] = true;
-    }
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+    CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT((mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, false>), nbytes_shared);
+    CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT((mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x,  true>), nbytes_shared);
 
     const int nty  = (args.nrows_x   + mmq_y - 1) / mmq_y;
-    const int ntx  = (args.ncols_dst + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x;
+    const int ntx  = (args.ncols_max + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x;
     const int ntzw = args.nchannels_y * args.nsamples_y;
     const dim3 block_nums_xy_tiling(nty, ntx, ntzw);
 
@@ -3038,18 +3911,20 @@ static void launch_mul_mat_q(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const mmq_args & a
     if (!args.use_stream_k) {
         if (args.nrows_x % mmq_y == 0) {
             constexpr bool need_check = false;
-            mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, need_check><<<block_nums_xy_tiling, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+            mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, need_check><<<block_nums_xy_tiling, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
                 (args.x, args.y, args.ids_dst, args.expert_bounds, args.dst, nullptr,
                  args.ncols_x, args.nrows_x, args.ncols_dst, args.stride_row_x, args.ncols_y, args.nrows_dst,
                  channel_ratio, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_x, args.stride_channel_y, args.stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst);
+                 sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst,
+                 args.ncols_max);
         } else {
             constexpr bool need_check = true;
-            mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, need_check><<<block_nums_xy_tiling, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+            mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, need_check><<<block_nums_xy_tiling, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
                 (args.x, args.y, args.ids_dst, args.expert_bounds, args.dst, nullptr,
                  args.ncols_x, args.nrows_x, args.ncols_dst, args.stride_row_x, args.ncols_y, args.nrows_dst,
                  channel_ratio, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_x, args.stride_channel_y, args.stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst);
+                 sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst,
+                 args.ncols_max);
         }
         return;
     }
@@ -3065,44 +3940,48 @@ static void launch_mul_mat_q(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const mmq_args & a
 
     if (args.nrows_x % mmq_y == 0) {
         constexpr bool need_check = false;
-
-        mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+        mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
             (args.x, args.y, args.ids_dst, args.expert_bounds, args.dst, tmp_fixup.ptr,
              args.ncols_x, args.nrows_x, args.ncols_dst, args.stride_row_x, args.ncols_y, args.nrows_dst,
              channel_ratio, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_x, args.stride_channel_y, args.stride_channel_dst,
-             sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst);
+             sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst,
+             args.ncols_max);
 
         if (!fixup_needed) {
             return;
         }
 
-        mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, 0, stream>>>
+        mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup<type, mmq_x, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, 0, stream>>>
             (args.ids_dst, args.expert_bounds, args.dst, tmp_fixup.ptr, args.ncols_x, args.nrows_x, args.ncols_dst,
-             args.nrows_dst, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_dst, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_dst);
+             args.nrows_dst, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_dst, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_dst,
+             args.ncols_max);
     } else {
         constexpr bool need_check = true;
-
-        mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+        mul_mat_q<type, mmq_x, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
             (args.x, args.y, args.ids_dst, args.expert_bounds, args.dst, tmp_fixup.ptr,
              args.ncols_x, args.nrows_x, args.ncols_dst, args.stride_row_x, args.ncols_y, args.nrows_dst,
              channel_ratio, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_x, args.stride_channel_y, args.stride_channel_dst,
-             sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst);
+             sample_ratio, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_x, args.stride_sample_y, args.stride_sample_dst,
+             args.ncols_max);
 
         if (!fixup_needed) {
             return;
         }
 
-        mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup<type, mmq_x, MMQ_NWARPS, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, 0, stream>>>
+        mul_mat_q_stream_k_fixup<type, mmq_x, need_check><<<block_nums_stream_k, block_dims, 0, stream>>>
             (args.ids_dst, args.expert_bounds, args.dst, tmp_fixup.ptr, args.ncols_x, args.nrows_x, args.ncols_dst,
-             args.nrows_dst, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_dst, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_dst);
+             args.nrows_dst, args.nchannels_y, args.stride_channel_dst, args.nsamples_y, args.stride_sample_dst,
+             args.ncols_max);
     }
 }
 
 template <ggml_type type>
 void mul_mat_q_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const mmq_args & args, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int    id    = ggml_cuda_get_device();
-    const int    cc    = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
-    const size_t smpbo = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].smpbo;
+    const int    id     = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int    cc     = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
+    const size_t smpbo  = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].smpbo;
+    const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].warp_size;
+    const int nwarps    = mmq_get_nwarps_host(cc, warp_size);
 
     const int mmq_x_max = get_mmq_x_max_host(cc);
     const int mmq_y = get_mmq_y_host(cc);
@@ -3113,11 +3992,11 @@ void mul_mat_q_case(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const mmq_args & args, cuda
     for (int mmq_x = 8; mmq_x <= mmq_x_max && ntiles_x_best > 1; mmq_x += 8) {
         const int granularity = mmq_get_granularity_host(mmq_x, cc);
 
-        if (mmq_x % granularity != 0 || mmq_get_nbytes_shared<type>(mmq_x, mmq_y, cc) > smpbo) {
+        if (mmq_x % granularity != 0 || mmq_get_nbytes_shared<type>(mmq_x, mmq_y, cc, warp_size, nwarps) > smpbo) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        const int ntiles_x = (args.ncols_y + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x;
+        const int ntiles_x = (args.ncols_max + mmq_x - 1) / mmq_x;
 
         if (ntiles_x < ntiles_x_best) {
             mmq_x_best = mmq_x;
@@ -3189,6 +4068,7 @@ extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
 extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
 extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
 extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4);
 extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K);
 extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K);
 extern DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K);
@@ -3214,4 +4094,4 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_q(
     const char * src1_ddq_i, float * dst_dd_i, const int64_t row_low, const int64_t row_high, const int64_t src1_ncols,
     const int64_t src1_padded_row_size, cudaStream_t stream);
 
-bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11);
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int64_t ne11, int64_t n_experts);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d8c385e2399..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
-#include "ggml.h"
-#include "common.cuh"
-#include "mmv.cuh"
-
-template <typename T, typename type_acc, int block_size>
-static __global__ void mul_mat_vec(
-        const T * __restrict__ x, const float * __restrict__ y, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, float * __restrict__ dst,
-        const int64_t ncols2, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t stride_row,
-        const int64_t channel_ratio, const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst,
-        const int64_t sample_ratio, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst) {
-    const int64_t row         = blockIdx.x;
-    const int64_t channel_dst = blockIdx.y;
-    const int64_t channel_x   = ids ? ids[channel_dst]          : channel_dst / channel_ratio;
-    const int64_t channel_y   = ids ? channel_dst % nchannels_y : channel_dst;
-    const int64_t sample_dst  = blockIdx.z;
-    const int64_t sample_x    = sample_dst / sample_ratio;
-    const int64_t sample_y    = sample_dst;
-    const int     tid         = threadIdx.x;
-    constexpr int warp_size   = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
-
-    x   += sample_x  *stride_sample_x   + channel_x  *stride_channel_x   + row*stride_row;
-    y   += sample_y  *stride_sample_y   + channel_y  *stride_channel_y;
-    dst += sample_dst*stride_sample_dst + channel_dst*stride_channel_dst;
-
-    const float2 * y2 = (const float2 *) y;
-
-    extern __shared__ char data_mmv[];
-    float * buf_iw = (float *) data_mmv;
-
-    if (block_size > warp_size) {
-        if (tid < warp_size) {
-            buf_iw[tid] = 0.0f;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-    float sumf = 0.0f;
-
-    if constexpr (std::is_same<T, float>::value) {
-        const float2 * x2 = (const float2 *) x;
-
-        for (int64_t col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
-            const float2 tmpx = x2[col2];
-            const float2 tmpy = y2[col2];
-            sumf += tmpx.x*tmpy.x;
-            sumf += tmpx.y*tmpy.y;
-        }
-    } else if constexpr (std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        const half2 * x2 = (const half2 *) x;
-
-        if (std::is_same<type_acc, float>::value) {
-            for (int64_t col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
-                const float2 tmpx = __half22float2(x2[col2]);
-                const float2 tmpy = y2[col2];
-                sumf += tmpx.x * tmpy.x;
-                sumf += tmpx.y * tmpy.y;
-            }
-        } else {
-#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-            half2 sumh2 = make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-
-            for (int64_t col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
-                const float2 tmp = y2[col2];
-                sumh2 += x2[col2] * make_half2(tmp.x, tmp.y);
-            }
-
-            sumf = __low2float(sumh2) + __high2float(sumh2);
-#else
-            NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
-        }
-    } else if constexpr (std::is_same<T, nv_bfloat16>::value) {
-        const int * x2 = (const int *) x;
-        for (int64_t col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
-            const int    tmpx = x2[col2];
-            const float2 tmpy = y2[col2];
-            sumf += float(reinterpret_cast<const nv_bfloat16 *>(&tmpx)[0]) * tmpy.x;
-            sumf += float(reinterpret_cast<const nv_bfloat16 *>(&tmpx)[1]) * tmpy.y;
-        }
-    } else {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<T, void>::value, "unsupported type");
-    }
-
-    sumf = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(sumf);
-
-    if (block_size > warp_size) {
-        buf_iw[tid/warp_size] = sumf;
-        __syncthreads();
-        if (tid >= warp_size) {
-            return;
-        }
-        sumf = buf_iw[tid];
-        sumf = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(sumf);
-    }
-
-    if (tid != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dst[row] = sumf;
-}
-
-template <typename T, typename type_acc>
-static void launch_mul_mat_vec_cuda(
-        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
-        const int64_t ncols, const int64_t nrows, const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
-        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
-        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
-        cudaStream_t stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ncols      % 2 == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(stride_row % 2 == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ids || nchannels_dst % nchannels_x == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(       nsamples_dst  % nsamples_x  == 0);
-    const int64_t channel_ratio = nchannels_dst / nchannels_x;
-    const int64_t sample_ratio  = nsamples_dst  / nsamples_x;
-    int device;
-    int warp_size;
-
-    CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDevice(&device));
-    warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].warp_size;
-
-    int64_t block_size_best = warp_size;
-    int64_t niter_best      = (ncols + 2*warp_size - 1) / (2*warp_size);
-    int64_t max_block_size  = 256;
-    if(ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc > GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1) {
-        max_block_size = 128;
-    }
-    for (int64_t block_size = 2*warp_size; block_size <= max_block_size; block_size += warp_size) {
-        const int64_t niter = (ncols + 2*block_size - 1) / (2*block_size);
-        if (niter < niter_best) {
-            niter_best      = niter;
-            block_size_best = block_size;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const int smem = warp_size*sizeof(float);
-    const dim3 block_nums(nrows, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst);
-    const dim3 block_dims(block_size_best, 1, 1);
-    switch (block_size_best) {
-        case   32: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc,  32><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        case   64: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc,  64><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        case   96: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc,  96><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        case  128: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc, 128><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        case  160: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc, 160><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        case  192: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc, 192><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        case  224: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc, 224><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        case  256: {
-            mul_mat_vec<T, type_acc, 256><<<block_nums, block_dims, smem, stream>>>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y, stride_row, channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-        } break;
-        default: {
-            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-        } break;
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static void mul_mat_vec_cuda(
-        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
-        const int64_t ncols, const int64_t nrows, const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
-        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
-        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
-        enum ggml_prec prec, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    if constexpr(std::is_same<T, half>::value) {
-        if (prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
-            launch_mul_mat_vec_cuda<T, half>
-                (x, y, ids, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    launch_mul_mat_vec_cuda<T, float>
-        (x, y, ids, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
-         stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, stream);
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(        src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!ids ||  ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(         dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
-
-    const size_t ts_src0 = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const size_t ts_src1 = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
-    const size_t ts_dst  = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ne12 == 1); // Implementation is only correct for  batch size 1.
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne13 == ne3);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(        nb00       == ts_src0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(        nb10       == ts_src1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ids->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(ids->type));
-    GGML_ASSERT(        nb0        == ts_dst);
-
-    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-    const enum ggml_prec prec = fast_fp16_available(cc) ? ggml_prec(dst->op_params[0]) : GGML_PREC_F32;
-
-    const float   * src1_d =       (const float   *) src1->data;
-    const int32_t *  ids_d = ids ? (const int32_t *)  ids->data : nullptr;
-    float         *  dst_d =       (float         *)  dst->data;
-
-    const int64_t s01 = src0->nb[1] / ts_src0;
-    const int64_t s11 = src1->nb[1] / ts_src1;
-    const int64_t s1  =  dst->nb[1] / ts_dst;
-    const int64_t s02 = src0->nb[2] / ts_src0;
-    const int64_t s12 = src1->nb[2] / ts_src1;
-    const int64_t s2  =  dst->nb[2] / ts_dst;
-    const int64_t s03 = src0->nb[3] / ts_src0;
-    const int64_t s13 = src1->nb[3] / ts_src1;
-    const int64_t s3  =  dst->nb[3] / ts_dst;
-
-    // For MUL_MAT_ID the memory layout is different than for MUL_MAT:
-    const int64_t ncols_dst          = ids ? ne2  : ne1;
-    const int64_t nchannels_y        = ids ? ne11 : ne12;
-    const int64_t nchannels_dst      = ids ? ne1  : ne2;
-    const int64_t stride_channel_dst = ids ? s1   : s2;
-    const int64_t stride_channel_y   = ids ? s11  : s12;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ncols_dst == 1);
-
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
-            const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
-            mul_mat_vec_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, s01,
-                ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,                 prec, ctx.stream());
-        } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
-            const half * src0_d = (const half *) src0->data;
-            mul_mat_vec_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, s01,
-                ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,                 prec, ctx.stream());
-        } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: {
-            const nv_bfloat16 * src0_d = (const nv_bfloat16 *) src0->data;
-            mul_mat_vec_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, s01,
-                ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,                 prec, ctx.stream());
-        } break;
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type: %s", ggml_type_name(src0->type));
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
-    ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
-    const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, const char * src0_dd_i, const float * src1_ddf_i,
-    const char * src1_ddq_i, float * dst_dd_i, const int64_t row_low, const int64_t row_high, const int64_t src1_ncols,
-    const int64_t src1_padded_row_size, cudaStream_t stream) {
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
-    const int64_t row_diff = row_high - row_low;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1_ncols == 1);
-
-    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-    const enum ggml_prec prec = fast_fp16_available(cc) ? ggml_prec(dst->op_params[0]) : GGML_PREC_F32;
-
-
-    // ggml_cuda_op provides single, contiguous matrices
-    const int64_t stride_row         = ne00;
-    const int64_t nchannels_x        = 1;
-    const int64_t nchannels_y        = 1;
-    const int64_t nchannels_dst      = 1;
-    const int64_t stride_channel_x   = 0;
-    const int64_t stride_channel_y   = 0;
-    const int64_t stride_channel_dst = 0;
-    const int64_t nsamples_x         = 1;
-    const int64_t nsamples_dst       = 1;
-    const int64_t stride_sample_x    = 0;
-    const int64_t stride_sample_y    = 0;
-    const int64_t stride_sample_dst  = 0;
-
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
-            const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0_dd_i;
-            mul_mat_vec_cuda(src0_d, src1_ddf_i, nullptr, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, stride_row,
-                nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, prec, stream);
-        } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
-            const half * src0_d = (const half *) src0_dd_i;
-            mul_mat_vec_cuda(src0_d, src1_ddf_i, nullptr, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, stride_row,
-                nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, prec, stream);
-        } break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: {
-            const nv_bfloat16 * src0_d = (const nv_bfloat16 *) src0_dd_i;
-            mul_mat_vec_cuda(src0_d, src1_ddf_i, nullptr, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, stride_row,
-                nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, prec, stream);
-        } break;
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type: %s", ggml_type_name(src0->type));
-    }
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ddq_i);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ncols);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_padded_row_size);
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 756e7e1cc7f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-
-// maximum number of src0 rows with which to use mul_mat_vec over cuBLAS if FP16 tensor cores are available
-#define MMV_MAX_ROWS 512
-
-void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst);
-
-void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
-    ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
-    const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, const char * src0_dd_i, const float * src1_ddf_i,
-    const char * src1_ddq_i, float * dst_dd_i, const int64_t row_low, const int64_t row_high, const int64_t src1_ncols,
-    const int64_t src1_padded_row_size, cudaStream_t stream);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvf.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvf.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9147202429
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvf.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "unary.cuh"
+#include "mmvf.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+
+template <typename T, typename type_acc, int ncols_dst, int block_size, bool has_fusion = false, bool is_multi_token_id = false>
+static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_f(
+        const T * __restrict__ x, const float * __restrict__ y, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int ncols2, const uint3 nchannels_y, const int stride_row, const int stride_col_y2, const int stride_col_dst,
+        const uint3 channel_ratio, const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
+        const uint3 sample_ratio, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst,
+        const int ids_stride) {
+    const int row         = blockIdx.x;
+    // for MUL_MAT_ID - blockIdx.y = n_expert_used, blockIdx.z = ncols_dst (tokens)
+    const int channel_dst = blockIdx.y;
+    const int tid         = threadIdx.x;
+
+    int token_idx;
+    int channel_x;
+    int channel_y;
+    int sample_dst;
+
+    if constexpr (is_multi_token_id) {
+        // Multi-token MUL_MAT_ID path, adding these in the normal path causes a perf regression for n_tokens=1 case
+        token_idx  = blockIdx.z;
+        channel_x  = ids[channel_dst + token_idx * ids_stride];
+        channel_y  = fastmodulo(channel_dst, nchannels_y);
+        sample_dst = 0;
+    } else {
+        token_idx  = ids ? blockIdx.z                                          : 0;
+        channel_x  = ids ? ids[blockIdx.y + token_idx * ids_stride]            : fastdiv((uint32_t) channel_dst, channel_ratio);
+        channel_y  = ids ? fastmodulo(blockIdx.y, nchannels_y)                 : channel_dst;
+        sample_dst = ids ? 0                                                   : blockIdx.z;
+    }
+
+    const int sample_x    = fastdiv((uint32_t) sample_dst, sample_ratio);
+    const int sample_y    = sample_dst;
+
+    constexpr int warp_size   = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
+
+    x   += int64_t(sample_x)  *stride_sample_x   + channel_x  *stride_channel_x   + row*stride_row;
+    y   += int64_t(sample_y)  *stride_sample_y   + channel_y  *stride_channel_y;
+    dst += int64_t(sample_dst)*stride_sample_dst + channel_dst*stride_channel_dst;
+    if constexpr (is_multi_token_id) {
+        y   += token_idx*stride_col_y2*2;
+        dst += token_idx*stride_col_dst;
+    }
+
+    bool use_gate = false;
+    bool use_bias = false;
+    bool use_gate_bias = false;
+    ggml_glu_op glu_op = ggml_glu_op::GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU;
+    const T * gate_x = nullptr;
+    const float * x_bias = nullptr;
+    const float * gate_bias = nullptr;
+
+    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+        use_gate = fusion.gate != nullptr;
+        use_bias = fusion.x_bias != nullptr;
+        use_gate_bias = fusion.gate_bias != nullptr;
+        glu_op = fusion.glu_op;
+
+        if (use_gate) {
+            gate_x = static_cast<const T *>(fusion.gate);
+        }
+        if (use_bias) {
+            x_bias = static_cast<const float *>(fusion.x_bias);
+        }
+        if (use_gate_bias) {
+            gate_bias = static_cast<const float *>(fusion.gate_bias);
+            use_gate_bias = use_gate;
+        } else {
+            use_gate_bias = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (use_gate) {
+        gate_x += int64_t(sample_x)  *stride_sample_x   + channel_x  *stride_channel_x   + row*stride_row;
+    }
+
+    const int channel_bias = ids ? channel_x : channel_dst;
+
+    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+        if (use_bias) {
+            x_bias += int64_t(sample_dst)*stride_sample_dst + channel_bias*stride_channel_dst;
+        }
+        if (use_gate_bias) {
+            gate_bias += int64_t(sample_dst)*stride_sample_dst + channel_bias*stride_channel_dst;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float2 * y2 = (const float2 *) y;
+
+    extern __shared__ char data_mmv[];
+    float * buf_iw = (float *) data_mmv;
+    float * buf_iw_gate = nullptr;
+    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+        buf_iw_gate = (float *) (data_mmv + warp_size*sizeof(float));
+    }
+
+    if (block_size > warp_size) {
+        if (tid < warp_size) {
+            buf_iw[tid] = 0.0f;
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_gate) {
+                    buf_iw_gate[tid] = 0.0f;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+    float sumf[ncols_dst] = {0.0f};
+    float sumf_gate[ncols_dst];
+    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+            sumf_gate[j] = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const float2 * x2 = (const float2 *) x;
+        const float2 * gate_x2 = nullptr;
+        if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+            if (use_gate) {
+                gate_x2 = (const float2 *) gate_x;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
+            const float2 tmpx = x2[col2];
+            float2 tmpx_gate = make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_gate) {
+                    tmpx_gate = gate_x2[col2];
+                }
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                const float2 tmpy = y2[j*stride_col_y2 + col2];
+                ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx.x, tmpy.x);
+                ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx.y, tmpy.y);
+
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx_gate.x, tmpy.x);
+                        ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx_gate.y, tmpy.y);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, half>) {
+        const half2 * x2 = (const half2 *) x;
+        const half2 * gate_x2 = nullptr;
+        if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+            if (use_gate) {
+                gate_x2 = (const half2 *) gate_x;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (std::is_same_v<type_acc, float>) {
+            for (int col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
+                const float2 tmpx = __half22float2(x2[col2]);
+                float2 tmpx_gate = make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        tmpx_gate = __half22float2(gate_x2[col2]);
+                    }
+                }
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                    const float2 tmpy = y2[j*stride_col_y2 + col2];
+                    ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx.x, tmpy.x);
+                    ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx.y, tmpy.y);
+
+                    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                        if (use_gate) {
+                            ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx_gate.x, tmpy.x);
+                            ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx_gate.y, tmpy.y);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+#ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
+            half2 sumh2[ncols_dst] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+            half2 sumh2_gate[ncols_dst] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+            for (int col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
+                const half2 tmpx = x2[col2];
+                half2 tmpx_gate = make_half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        tmpx_gate = gate_x2[col2];
+                    }
+                }
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                    const float2 tmpy = y2[j*stride_col_y2 + col2];
+                    sumh2[j] += tmpx * make_half2(tmpy.x, tmpy.y);
+
+                    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                        if (use_gate) {
+                            sumh2_gate[j] += tmpx_gate * make_half2(tmpy.x, tmpy.y);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                sumf[j] = __low2float(sumh2[j]) + __high2float(sumh2[j]);
+            }
+
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_gate) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                        sumf_gate[j] = __low2float(sumh2_gate[j]) + __high2float(sumh2_gate[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#else
+            NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, nv_bfloat16>) {
+//TODO: add support for ggml_cuda_mad for hip_bfloat162
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+        const int * x2 = (const int *) x;
+        const int * gate_x2 = nullptr;
+        if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+            if (use_gate) {
+                gate_x2 = (const int *) gate_x;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
+            const int tmpx = x2[col2];
+            int tmpx_gate = 0;
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_gate) {
+                    tmpx_gate = gate_x2[col2];
+                }
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                const float2 tmpy = y2[j*stride_col_y2 + col2];
+                const float tmpx0 = ggml_cuda_cast<float>(reinterpret_cast<const nv_bfloat16 *>(&tmpx)[0]);
+                const float tmpx1 = ggml_cuda_cast<float>(reinterpret_cast<const nv_bfloat16 *>(&tmpx)[1]);
+                ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx0, tmpy.x);
+                ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx1, tmpy.y);
+
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        const float tmpx0_gate = ggml_cuda_cast<float>(reinterpret_cast<const nv_bfloat16 *>(&tmpx_gate)[0]);
+                        const float tmpx1_gate = ggml_cuda_cast<float>(reinterpret_cast<const nv_bfloat16 *>(&tmpx_gate)[1]);
+                        ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx0_gate, tmpy.x);
+                        ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx1_gate, tmpy.y);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        const nv_bfloat162 * x2 = (const nv_bfloat162 *) x;
+        const nv_bfloat162 * gate_x2 = nullptr;
+        if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+            if (use_gate) {
+                gate_x2 = (const nv_bfloat162 *) gate_x;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int col2 = tid; col2 < ncols2; col2 += block_size) {
+            const nv_bfloat162 tmpx = x2[col2];
+            nv_bfloat162 tmpx_gate;
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_gate) {
+                    tmpx_gate = gate_x2[col2];
+                }
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                const float2 tmpy = y2[j*stride_col_y2 + col2];
+                ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx.x, tmpy.x);
+                ggml_cuda_mad(sumf[j], tmpx.y, tmpy.y);
+
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx_gate.x, tmpy.x);
+                        ggml_cuda_mad(sumf_gate[j], tmpx_gate.y, tmpy.y);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "unsupported type");
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+        sumf[j] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(sumf[j]);
+
+        if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+            if (use_gate) {
+                sumf_gate[j] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(sumf_gate[j]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (block_size > warp_size) {
+            buf_iw[tid/warp_size] = sumf[j];
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_gate) {
+                    buf_iw_gate[tid/warp_size] = sumf_gate[j];
+                }
+            }
+            __syncthreads();
+            if (tid < warp_size) {
+                sumf[j] = buf_iw[tid];
+                sumf[j] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(sumf[j]);
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        sumf_gate[j] = buf_iw_gate[tid];
+                        sumf_gate[j] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(sumf_gate[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (j < ncols_dst) {
+                __syncthreads();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (tid >= ncols_dst) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float value = sumf[tid];
+
+    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+        if (use_bias) {
+            value += x_bias[tid*stride_col_dst + row];
+        }
+
+        if (use_gate) {
+            float gate_value = sumf_gate[tid];
+            if (use_gate_bias) {
+                gate_value += gate_bias[tid*stride_col_dst + row];
+            }
+            switch (glu_op) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                    value *= ggml_cuda_op_silu_single(gate_value);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                    value *= ggml_cuda_op_gelu_single(gate_value);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI: {
+                    value = ggml_cuda_op_swiglu_oai_single(gate_value, value);
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    dst[tid*stride_col_dst + row] = value;
+
+    if constexpr (!has_fusion) {
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(use_gate, use_bias, use_gate_bias, glu_op, gate_x, x_bias, gate_bias, sumf_gate);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename type_acc, int ncols_dst, int block_size, bool is_multi_token_id = false>
+static void mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion(
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols, const uint3 nchannels_y,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst,
+        const uint3 channel_ratio, const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
+        const uint3 sample_ratio, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst,
+        const dim3 & block_dims, const dim3 & block_nums, const int nbytes_shared, const int ids_stride, const cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const bool has_fusion = fusion.gate != nullptr || fusion.x_bias != nullptr || fusion.gate_bias != nullptr;
+    if constexpr (ncols_dst == 1) {
+        if (has_fusion) {
+            mul_mat_vec_f<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, block_size, true, is_multi_token_id><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nchannels_y, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride);
+            return;
+       }
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!has_fusion && "fusion only supported for ncols_dst=1");
+
+    mul_mat_vec_f<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, block_size, false, is_multi_token_id><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+        (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nchannels_y, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+        channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+        sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride);
+
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename type_acc, int ncols_dst, bool is_multi_token_id = false>
+void launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols, const int64_t nrows,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst,
+        const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
+        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
+        const int64_t nsamples_or_ntokens, const int64_t ids_stride, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ncols        % 2 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(stride_row   % 2 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(stride_col_y % 2 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids || nchannels_dst % nchannels_x == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(       nsamples_dst  % nsamples_x  == 0);
+    const uint3 nchannels_y_fd   = ids ? init_fastdiv_values(nchannels_y) : make_uint3(0, 0, 0);
+    const uint3 channel_ratio_fd = ids ? make_uint3(0, 0, 0) : init_fastdiv_values(nchannels_dst / nchannels_x);
+    const uint3 sample_ratio_fd  = init_fastdiv_values(nsamples_dst  / nsamples_x);
+
+    const int device = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].warp_size;
+
+    int64_t block_size_best = warp_size;
+    int64_t niter_best      = (ncols + 2*warp_size - 1) / (2*warp_size);
+    int64_t max_block_size  = 256;
+    if(ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc > GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD && ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1) {
+        max_block_size = 128;
+    }
+    for (int64_t block_size = 2*warp_size; block_size <= max_block_size; block_size += warp_size) {
+        const int64_t niter = (ncols + 2*block_size - 1) / (2*block_size);
+        if (niter < niter_best) {
+            niter_best      = niter;
+            block_size_best = block_size;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const bool has_fusion = fusion.gate != nullptr || fusion.x_bias != nullptr || fusion.gate_bias != nullptr;
+
+    const int nbytes_shared = warp_size*sizeof(float) + (has_fusion ? warp_size*sizeof(float) : 0);
+    const dim3 block_nums(nrows, nchannels_dst, nsamples_or_ntokens);
+    const dim3 block_dims(block_size_best, 1, 1);
+    switch (block_size_best) {
+        case   32: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 32, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case   64: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 64, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case   96: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 96, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case  128: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 128, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case  160: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 160, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case  192: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 192, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case  224: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 224, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case  256: {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_switch_fusion<T, type_acc, ncols_dst, 256, is_multi_token_id>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols/2, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row, stride_col_y/2, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        default: {
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        } break;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename type_acc>
+static void mul_mat_vec_f_cuda_switch_ncols_dst(
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols, const int64_t nrows, const int64_t ncols_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int64_t stride_col_dst,
+        const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
+        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
+        const int64_t ids_stride, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const bool has_ids = ids != nullptr;
+
+    if (has_ids && ncols_dst > 1) {
+        // Multi-token MUL_MAT_ID path only - single-token goes through regular path below
+        constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 1;
+        launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, c_ncols_dst, true>
+            (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+             nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+             stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+             ncols_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (has_ids) {
+        // Single-token MUL_MAT_ID path
+        constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 1;
+        launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, c_ncols_dst>
+            (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+             nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+             stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+             ncols_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    switch (ncols_dst) {
+        case 1:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 1>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 2>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 3>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 4>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case 5:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 5>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case 6:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 6>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case 7:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 7>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case 8:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_f_cuda<T, type_acc, 8>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                 stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 nsamples_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(
+        const T * x, const float * y, const int32_t * ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * dst,
+        const int64_t ncols, const int64_t nrows, const int64_t ncols_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_col_y, const int stride_col_dst,
+        const int64_t nchannels_x, const int64_t nchannels_y, const int64_t nchannels_dst,
+        const int64_t stride_channel_x, const int64_t stride_channel_y, const int64_t stride_channel_dst, const int64_t nsamples_x,
+        const int64_t nsamples_dst, const int64_t stride_sample_x, const int64_t stride_sample_y, const int64_t stride_sample_dst,
+        const int64_t ids_stride, enum ggml_prec prec, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    if constexpr(std::is_same_v<T, half>) {
+        if (prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
+            mul_mat_vec_f_cuda_switch_ncols_dst<T, half>
+                (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+                stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    mul_mat_vec_f_cuda_switch_ncols_dst<T, float>
+        (x, y, ids, fusion, dst, ncols, nrows, ncols_dst, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+        nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y,
+        stride_channel_dst, nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_f(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst,
+    const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host * fusion) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(        src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ids ||  ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(         dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const size_t ts_src0 = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t ts_src1 = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const size_t ts_dst  = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ne12 <= MMVF_MAX_BATCH_SIZE);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne13 == ne3);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(        nb00       == ts_src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(        nb10       == ts_src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ids->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(ids->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(        nb0        == ts_dst);
+
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
+    const enum ggml_prec prec = fast_fp16_available(cc) ? ggml_prec(dst->op_params[0]) : GGML_PREC_F32;
+
+    const float   * src1_d =       (const float   *) src1->data;
+    const int32_t *  ids_d = ids ? (const int32_t *)  ids->data : nullptr;
+    float         *  dst_d =       (float         *)  dst->data;
+
+    ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion_local{};
+
+    if (fusion) {
+        GGML_ASSERT( !ids || dst->ne[2] == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(  ids || dst->ne[1] == 1);
+        if (fusion->x_bias) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->x_bias->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->x_bias->ne[0] == dst->ne[0]);
+            GGML_ASSERT(!ids || fusion->x_bias->ne[1] == src0->ne[2]);
+            fusion_local.x_bias = fusion->x_bias->data;
+        }
+        if (fusion->gate) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->gate->type == src0->type && ggml_are_same_stride(fusion->gate, src0));
+            fusion_local.gate = fusion->gate->data;
+        }
+        if (fusion->gate_bias) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->gate_bias->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->gate_bias->ne[0] == dst->ne[0]);
+            GGML_ASSERT(!ids || fusion->gate_bias->ne[1] == src0->ne[2]);
+            fusion_local.gate_bias = fusion->gate_bias->data;
+        }
+        fusion_local.glu_op = fusion->glu_op;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t s01 = src0->nb[1] / ts_src0;
+    const int64_t s11 = src1->nb[1] / ts_src1;
+    const int64_t s1  =  dst->nb[1] / ts_dst;
+    const int64_t s02 = src0->nb[2] / ts_src0;
+    const int64_t s12 = src1->nb[2] / ts_src1;
+    const int64_t s2  =  dst->nb[2] / ts_dst;
+    const int64_t s03 = src0->nb[3] / ts_src0;
+    const int64_t s13 = src1->nb[3] / ts_src1;
+    const int64_t s3  =  dst->nb[3] / ts_dst;
+
+    // For MUL_MAT_ID the memory layout is different than for MUL_MAT:
+    const int64_t ncols_dst          = ids ? ne2  : ne1;
+    const int64_t nchannels_y        = ids ? ne11 : ne12;
+    const int64_t nchannels_dst      = ids ? ne1  : ne2;
+    const int64_t stride_col_dst     = ids ? s2   : s1;
+    const int64_t stride_col_y       = ids ? s12  : s11;
+    const int64_t stride_channel_dst = ids ? s1   : s2;
+    const int64_t stride_channel_y   = ids ? s11  : s12;
+
+    const int64_t ids_stride = ids ? ids->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(ids->type) : 0;
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
+            const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+            mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, fusion_local, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ncols_dst, s01, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,                 ids_stride, prec, ctx.stream());
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
+            const half * src0_d = (const half *) src0->data;
+            mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, fusion_local, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ncols_dst, s01, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,                 ids_stride, prec, ctx.stream());
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: {
+            const nv_bfloat16 * src0_d = (const nv_bfloat16 *) src0->data;
+            mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, ids_d, fusion_local, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ncols_dst, s01, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,                 ids_stride, prec, ctx.stream());
+        } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type: %s", ggml_type_name(src0->type));
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec_f(
+    ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+    const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, const char * src0_dd_i, const float * src1_ddf_i,
+    const char * src1_ddq_i, float * dst_dd_i, const int64_t row_low, const int64_t row_high, const int64_t src1_ncols,
+    const int64_t src1_padded_row_size, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne0  =  dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t row_diff = row_high - row_low;
+
+    const int id = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
+    const enum ggml_prec prec = fast_fp16_available(cc) ? ggml_prec(dst->op_params[0]) : GGML_PREC_F32;
+
+    // ggml_cuda_op provides single, contiguous matrices
+    const int64_t stride_row         = ne00;
+    const int64_t stride_col_y       = ne10;
+    const int64_t stride_col_dst     = id == ctx.device ? ne0 : row_diff; // main device has larger memory buffer
+    const int64_t nchannels_x        = 1;
+    const int64_t nchannels_y        = 1;
+    const int64_t nchannels_dst      = 1;
+    const int64_t stride_channel_x   = 0;
+    const int64_t stride_channel_y   = 0;
+    const int64_t stride_channel_dst = 0;
+    const int64_t nsamples_x         = 1;
+    const int64_t nsamples_dst       = 1;
+    const int64_t stride_sample_x    = 0;
+    const int64_t stride_sample_y    = 0;
+    const int64_t stride_sample_dst  = 0;
+
+    ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device empty{};
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
+            const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0_dd_i;
+            mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(src0_d, src1_ddf_i, nullptr, empty, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, src1_ncols, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, 0, prec, stream);
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
+            const half * src0_d = (const half *) src0_dd_i;
+            mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(src0_d, src1_ddf_i, nullptr, empty, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, src1_ncols, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, 0, prec, stream);
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: {
+            const nv_bfloat16 * src0_d = (const nv_bfloat16 *) src0_dd_i;
+            mul_mat_vec_f_cuda(src0_d, src1_ddf_i, nullptr, empty, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, src1_ncols, stride_row, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, 0, prec, stream);
+        } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type: %s", ggml_type_name(src0->type));
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(ctx, src1, dst, src1_ddq_i, src1_ncols, src1_padded_row_size);
+}
+
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(enum ggml_type type, int cc, const int64_t * src0_ne, const size_t * src0_nb, int64_t ne11) {
+    if (src0_ne[0] % 2 != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(type);
+    if (src0_nb[0] != ts) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Pointers not aligned to the size of half2/nv_bfloat162/float2 would result in a crash:
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+        if (src0_nb[i] % (2*ts) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc)) {
+                if (ampere_mma_available(cc)) {
+                    return ne11 <= 3;
+                }
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING) {
+                    return ne11 <= 4;
+                }
+                return ne11 <= 3;
+            } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
+                if (fp32_mma_hardware_available(cc)) {
+                    return ne11 <= 3;
+                }
+                return ne11 <= 8;
+            }
+            return ne11 <= 8;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc)) {
+                const bool src0_small = (src0_ne[1] <= 512 || src0_ne[2]*src0_ne[3] == 1);
+                if (ampere_mma_available(cc)) {
+                    return src0_small && ne11 == 1;
+                }
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE) {
+                    return src0_small && ne11 <= 4;
+                }
+                if (fp16_mma_hardware_available(cc)) {
+                    return src0_small && ne11 <= 3;
+                }
+                return ne11 <= 8;
+            } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
+                if (fp16_mma_hardware_available(cc)) {
+                    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc)) {
+                        return ne11 <= 3;
+                    }
+                    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)) {
+                        return ne11 <= 5;
+                    }
+                    return ne11 <= 2;
+                }
+                return ne11 <= 8;
+            }
+            return ne11 <= 8;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc)) {
+                const bool src0_small = (src0_ne[1] <= 512 || src0_ne[2]*src0_ne[3] == 1);
+                if (ampere_mma_available(cc)) {
+                    return src0_small && ne11 == 1;
+                }
+                if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE) {
+                    return src0_small && ne11 <= 4;
+                }
+                if (bf16_mma_hardware_available(cc)) {
+                    return src0_small && ne11 <= 3;
+                }
+                return ne11 <= 8;
+            } else if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
+                if (bf16_mma_hardware_available(cc)) {
+                    return ne11 <= 3;
+                }
+                return ne11 <= 8;
+            }
+            return ne11 <= 8;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvf.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvf.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a50f7c02180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvf.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define MMVF_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 8 // Max. batch size for which to use MMVF kernels.
+
+void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_f(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst,
+    const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host * fusion = nullptr);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec_f(
+    ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+    const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, const char * src0_dd_i, const float * src1_ddf_i,
+    const char * src1_ddq_i, float * dst_dd_i, const int64_t row_low, const int64_t row_high, const int64_t src1_ncols,
+    const int64_t src1_padded_row_size, cudaStream_t stream);
+
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(enum ggml_type type, int cc, const int64_t * src0_ne, const size_t * src0_nb, int64_t ne11);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu
index dc7adf509fa..632246e43fd 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "mmvq.cuh"
 #include "quantize.cuh"
+#include "unary.cuh"
 #include "vecdotq.cuh"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ static constexpr __device__ vec_dot_q_cuda_t get_vec_dot_q_cuda(ggml_type type)
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    return vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    return vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    return vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:   return vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    return vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    return vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    return vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1;
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ static constexpr __device__ int get_vdr_mmvq(ggml_type type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    return VDR_Q5_0_Q8_1_MMVQ;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    return VDR_Q5_1_Q8_1_MMVQ;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    return VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMVQ;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:   return VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    return VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMVQ;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    return VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMVQ;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    return VDR_Q4_K_Q8_1_MMVQ;
@@ -57,11 +60,17 @@ static constexpr __device__ int get_vdr_mmvq(ggml_type type) {
 enum mmvq_parameter_table_id {
     MMVQ_PARAMETERS_GENERIC = 0,
     MMVQ_PARAMETERS_GCN,
-    MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA2
+    MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA2,
+    MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA3_0,
+    MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA4
 };
 
 static constexpr __device__ mmvq_parameter_table_id get_device_table_id() {
-#if defined(RDNA2) || defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA4)
+#if defined(RDNA4)
+    return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA4;
+#elif defined(RDNA3_0)
+    return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA3_0;
+#elif defined(RDNA2) || defined(RDNA3_5)
     return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA2;
 #elif defined(GCN) || defined(CDNA)
     return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_GCN;
@@ -71,7 +80,13 @@ static constexpr __device__ mmvq_parameter_table_id get_device_table_id() {
 }
 
 static __host__ mmvq_parameter_table_id get_device_table_id(int cc) {
-    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA2(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)) {
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA4(cc)) {
+        return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA4;
+    }
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_0(cc)) {
+        return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA3_0;
+    }
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA2(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_RDNA3_5(cc)) {
         return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA2;
     }
     if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_GCN(cc) || GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_CDNA(cc)) {
@@ -80,7 +95,7 @@ static __host__ mmvq_parameter_table_id get_device_table_id(int cc) {
     return MMVQ_PARAMETERS_GENERIC;
 }
 
-static constexpr __host__ __device__ int calc_nwarps(int ncols_dst,  mmvq_parameter_table_id table_id) {
+static constexpr __host__ __device__ int calc_nwarps(ggml_type type, int ncols_dst, mmvq_parameter_table_id table_id) {
     if (table_id == MMVQ_PARAMETERS_GENERIC) {
         switch (ncols_dst) {
             case 1:
@@ -111,6 +126,50 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ int calc_nwarps(int ncols_dst,  mmvq_parame
                 return 1;
         }
     }
+    if (table_id == MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA4) {
+        // nwarps=8 benefits types with simple vec_dot on RDNA4 (ncols_dst=1).
+        // Types with complex vec_dot (Q3_K, IQ2_*, IQ3_*) regress due to register
+        // pressure and lookup table contention at higher thread counts.
+        if (ncols_dst == 1) {
+            switch (type) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+                case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+                    return 8;
+                default:
+                    return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (table_id == MMVQ_PARAMETERS_RDNA3_0) {
+        // RDNA3 (W7900): stricter whitelist than RDNA4.
+        // Q2_K / Q5_K / IQ4_XS regress in full quant sweeps.
+        if (ncols_dst == 1) {
+            switch (type) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+                    return 8;
+                default:
+                    return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -134,20 +193,21 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ int calc_rows_per_block(int ncols_dst, int
     return 1;
 }
 
-template <ggml_type type, int ncols_dst>
-// tell the compiler to use as many registers as it wants, see nwarps definition below
-__launch_bounds__(calc_nwarps(ncols_dst, get_device_table_id())*ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size(), 1)
+template <ggml_type type, int ncols_dst, bool has_fusion, bool is_multi_token_id = false>
+__launch_bounds__(calc_nwarps(type, ncols_dst, get_device_table_id())*ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size(), 1)
 static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(
-        const void * __restrict__ vx, const void * __restrict__ vy, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, float * __restrict__ dst,
-        const int ncols_x, const int nchannels_y, const int stride_row_x, const int stride_col_y, const int stride_col_dst,
-        const int channel_ratio, const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
-        const int sample_ratio, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst) {
+        const void * __restrict__ vx, const void * __restrict__ vy, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * __restrict__ dst,
+        const uint32_t ncols_x, const uint3 nchannels_y, const uint32_t stride_row_x, const uint32_t stride_col_y,
+        const uint32_t stride_col_dst, const uint3 channel_ratio, const uint32_t stride_channel_x,
+        const uint32_t stride_channel_y, const uint32_t stride_channel_dst, const uint3 sample_ratio,
+        const uint32_t stride_sample_x, const uint32_t stride_sample_y, const uint32_t stride_sample_dst,
+        const uint32_t ids_stride) {
 
     constexpr int qk  = ggml_cuda_type_traits<type>::qk;
     constexpr int qi  = ggml_cuda_type_traits<type>::qi;
     constexpr int vdr = get_vdr_mmvq(type);
     constexpr mmvq_parameter_table_id table_id = get_device_table_id();
-    constexpr int nwarps = calc_nwarps(ncols_dst, table_id);
+    constexpr int nwarps = calc_nwarps(type, ncols_dst, table_id);
     constexpr int rows_per_cuda_block = calc_rows_per_block(ncols_dst, table_id);
     constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
 
@@ -158,18 +218,83 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(
     const     int blocks_per_row_x = ncols_x / qk;
     constexpr int blocks_per_iter = vdr * nwarps*warp_size / qi;
 
-    // The MUL_MAT_ID code path with ids != nullptr is only implemented for ncols_dst == 1.
-    const int channel_dst = blockIdx.y;
-    const int channel_x   = ncols_dst == 1 && ids ? ids[channel_dst]          : channel_dst / channel_ratio;
-    const int channel_y   = ncols_dst == 1 && ids ? channel_dst % nchannels_y : channel_dst;
-    const int sample_dst  = blockIdx.z;
-    const int sample_x    = sample_dst / sample_ratio;
-    const int sample_y    = sample_dst;
+    const uint32_t channel_dst = blockIdx.y;
+
+    uint32_t token_idx = 0;
+    uint32_t channel_x;
+    uint32_t channel_y;
+    uint32_t sample_dst;
+
+    if constexpr (is_multi_token_id) {
+        // Multi-token MUL_MAT_ID path, adding these in the normal path causes a perf regression for n_tokens=1 case
+        token_idx  = blockIdx.z;
+        channel_x  = ids[channel_dst + token_idx * ids_stride];
+        channel_y  = fastmodulo(channel_dst, nchannels_y);
+        sample_dst = 0;
+    } else {
+        channel_x  = ncols_dst == 1 && ids ? ids[channel_dst]                     : fastdiv(channel_dst, channel_ratio);
+        channel_y  = ncols_dst == 1 && ids ? fastmodulo(channel_dst, nchannels_y) : channel_dst;
+        sample_dst = blockIdx.z;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t sample_x    = fastdiv(sample_dst, sample_ratio);
+    const uint32_t sample_y    = sample_dst;
+
+    bool use_gate = false;
+    bool use_bias = false;
+    bool use_gate_bias = false;
+    const void * vgate = nullptr;
+    const float * x_bias = nullptr;
+    const float * gate_bias = nullptr;
+    ggml_glu_op active_glu;
+
+    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+        use_gate      = fusion.gate      != nullptr;
+        use_bias      = fusion.x_bias    != nullptr;
+        use_gate_bias = fusion.gate_bias != nullptr && use_gate;
+        vgate         = fusion.gate;
+        x_bias        = (const float *) fusion.x_bias;
+        gate_bias     = (const float *) fusion.gate_bias;
+        active_glu    = fusion.glu_op;
+    }
+
+
+    float x_biases[ncols_dst]    = { 0.0f };
+    float gate_biases[ncols_dst] = { 0.0f };
+    if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+        const uint32_t channel_bias = ids ? channel_x : channel_dst;
+        if (use_bias) {
+            x_bias = x_bias + sample_dst*stride_sample_dst + channel_bias*stride_channel_dst + row0;
+            // 1. Hide latency by prefetching bias and gate here
+            // 2. load only on threads that won't die after partial sum calculation
+            if (threadIdx.x < rows_per_cuda_block && threadIdx.y == 0 &&
+                (rows_per_cuda_block == 1 || uint32_t(row0 + threadIdx.x) < stride_col_dst)) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                    x_biases[j] = x_bias[j * stride_col_dst + threadIdx.x];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (use_gate_bias) {
+            gate_bias = gate_bias + sample_dst*stride_sample_dst + channel_bias*stride_channel_dst + row0;
+            if (threadIdx.x < rows_per_cuda_block && threadIdx.y == 0 &&
+                (rows_per_cuda_block == 1 || uint32_t(row0 + threadIdx.x) < stride_col_dst)) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
+                    gate_biases[j] = gate_bias[j * stride_col_dst + threadIdx.x];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     // partial sum for each thread
     float tmp[ncols_dst][rows_per_cuda_block] = {{0.0f}};
+    float tmp_gate[ncols_dst][rows_per_cuda_block] = {{0.0f}};
 
     const block_q8_1 * y = ((const block_q8_1 *) vy) + sample_y*stride_sample_y + channel_y*stride_channel_y;
+    if constexpr (is_multi_token_id) {
+        y += token_idx*stride_col_y;
+    }
     const int kbx_offset = sample_x*stride_sample_x + channel_x*stride_channel_x + row0*stride_row_x;
 
     for (int kbx = tid / (qi/vdr); kbx < blocks_per_row_x; kbx += blocks_per_iter) {
@@ -184,17 +309,35 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(
             for (int i = 0; i < rows_per_cuda_block; ++i) {
                 tmp[j][i] += vec_dot_q_cuda(
                     vx, &y[j*stride_col_y + kby], kbx_offset + i*stride_row_x + kbx, kqs);
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        tmp_gate[j][i] += vec_dot_q_cuda(
+                            vgate, &y[j*stride_col_y + kby], kbx_offset + i*stride_row_x + kbx, kqs);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
     __shared__ float tmp_shared[nwarps-1 > 0 ? nwarps-1 : 1][ncols_dst][rows_per_cuda_block][warp_size];
+    __shared__ float tmp_shared_gate[(has_fusion && (nwarps-1 > 0)) ? nwarps-1 : 1][ncols_dst][rows_per_cuda_block][warp_size];
+    if constexpr (!has_fusion) {
+        (void) tmp_shared_gate;
+    } else if (!use_gate) {
+        (void) tmp_shared_gate;
+    }
+
     if (threadIdx.y > 0) {
 #pragma unroll
         for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
 #pragma unroll
             for (int i = 0; i < rows_per_cuda_block; ++i) {
                 tmp_shared[threadIdx.y-1][j][i][threadIdx.x] = tmp[j][i];
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        tmp_shared_gate[threadIdx.y-1][j][i][threadIdx.x] = tmp_gate[j][i];
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -205,6 +348,10 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(
 
     dst += sample_dst*stride_sample_dst + channel_dst*stride_channel_dst + row0;
 
+    if constexpr (is_multi_token_id) {
+        dst += token_idx*stride_col_dst;
+    }
+
     // sum up partial sums and write back result
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j = 0; j < ncols_dst; ++j) {
@@ -213,274 +360,331 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(
 #pragma unroll
             for (int l = 0; l < nwarps-1; ++l) {
                 tmp[j][i] += tmp_shared[l][j][i][threadIdx.x];
+                if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                    if (use_gate) {
+                        tmp_gate[j][i] += tmp_shared_gate[l][j][i][threadIdx.x];
+                    }
+                }
             }
             tmp[j][i] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(tmp[j][i]);
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_gate) {
+                    tmp_gate[j][i] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(tmp_gate[j][i]);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        if (threadIdx.x < rows_per_cuda_block && (rows_per_cuda_block == 1 || row0 + int(threadIdx.x) < stride_col_dst)) {
-            dst[j*stride_col_dst + threadIdx.x] = tmp[j][threadIdx.x];
+        if (threadIdx.x < rows_per_cuda_block && (rows_per_cuda_block == 1 || uint32_t(row0 + threadIdx.x) < stride_col_dst)) {
+            float result = tmp[j][threadIdx.x];
+            if constexpr (has_fusion) {
+                if (use_bias) {
+                    result += x_biases[j];
+                }
+                if (use_gate) {
+                    float gate_value = tmp_gate[j][threadIdx.x];
+                    if (use_gate_bias) {
+                        gate_value += gate_biases[j];
+                    }
+                    switch (active_glu) {
+                        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                            result *= ggml_cuda_op_silu_single(gate_value);
+                            break;
+                        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                            result *= ggml_cuda_op_gelu_single(gate_value);
+                            break;
+                        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI: {
+                            result = ggml_cuda_op_swiglu_oai_single(gate_value, result);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        default:
+                            result = result * gate_value;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            dst[j*stride_col_dst + threadIdx.x] = result;
         }
     }
+
+    if constexpr (!has_fusion) {
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(use_gate, use_bias, use_gate_bias, active_glu, gate_bias, x_bias, tmp_gate);
+    }
 }
 
+template<ggml_type type>
 static std::pair<dim3, dim3> calc_launch_params(
-        const int ncols_dst, const int nrows_x, const int nchannels_y, const int nsamples_y,
+        const int ncols_dst, const int nrows_x, const int nchannels_dst, const int nsamples_or_ntokens,
         const int warp_size, const mmvq_parameter_table_id table_id) {
     const int64_t nblocks = (nrows_x + calc_rows_per_block(ncols_dst, table_id) - 1) / calc_rows_per_block(ncols_dst, table_id);
-    const dim3 block_nums(nblocks, nchannels_y, nsamples_y);
-    const dim3 block_dims(warp_size, calc_nwarps(ncols_dst, table_id), 1);
+    const dim3 block_nums(nblocks, nchannels_dst, nsamples_or_ntokens);
+    const dim3 block_dims(warp_size, calc_nwarps(type, ncols_dst, table_id), 1);
     return {block_nums, block_dims};
 }
 
+template<ggml_type type, int c_ncols_dst, bool is_multi_token_id = false>
+static void mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion(
+        const void * vx, const void * vy, const int32_t * ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * dst,
+        const uint32_t ncols_x, const uint3 nchannels_y, const uint32_t stride_row_x, const uint32_t stride_col_y,
+        const uint32_t stride_col_dst, const uint3 channel_ratio, const uint32_t stride_channel_x,
+        const uint32_t stride_channel_y, const uint32_t stride_channel_dst, const uint3 sample_ratio,
+        const uint32_t stride_sample_x, const uint32_t stride_sample_y, const uint32_t stride_sample_dst,
+        const dim3 & block_nums, const dim3 & block_dims, const int nbytes_shared,
+        const uint32_t ids_stride, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const bool has_fusion = fusion.gate != nullptr || fusion.x_bias != nullptr || fusion.gate_bias != nullptr;
+    if constexpr (c_ncols_dst == 1) {
+        if (has_fusion) {
+            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst, true, is_multi_token_id><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!has_fusion && "fusion only supported for ncols_dst=1");
+
+    mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst, false, is_multi_token_id><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+        (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+        channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+        sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride);
+}
+
 template <ggml_type type>
 static void mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst(
-        const void * vx, const void * vy, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
+        const void * vx, const void * vy, const int32_t * ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * dst,
         const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x, const int ncols_dst,
         const int stride_row_x, const int stride_col_y, const int stride_col_dst,
         const int nchannels_x, const int nchannels_y, const int nchannels_dst,
         const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
         const int nsamples_x, const int nsamples_dst, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst,
-        cudaStream_t stream) {
+        const int ids_stride, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ncols_x % ggml_blck_size(type) == 0);
     GGML_ASSERT(ncols_dst <= MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE);
 
-    const int channel_ratio = nchannels_dst / nchannels_x;
-    const int sample_ratio  = nsamples_dst  / nsamples_x;
+    const uint3 nchannels_y_fd   = ids ? init_fastdiv_values(nchannels_y) : make_uint3(0, 0, 0);
+    const uint3 channel_ratio_fd = ids ? make_uint3(0, 0, 0)              : init_fastdiv_values(nchannels_dst / nchannels_x);
+    const uint3 sample_ratio_fd  = init_fastdiv_values(nsamples_dst  / nsamples_x);
 
     const int device = ggml_cuda_get_device();
     const int warp_size = ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].warp_size;
     const mmvq_parameter_table_id table_id = get_device_table_id(ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].cc);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ncols_dst == 1);
+    const bool has_fusion = fusion.gate != nullptr || fusion.x_bias != nullptr || fusion.gate_bias != nullptr;
+    const bool has_ids = ids != nullptr;
+
+    if (has_ids && ncols_dst > 1) {
+        // Multi-token MUL_MAT_ID path only - single-token goes through regular path below
+        constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 1;
+        std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, ncols_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+        mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst, true>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+             channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+             sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+             dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        return;
+    }
+
     switch (ncols_dst) {
-        case 1:
-        {
+        case 1: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 1;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 2:
-        {
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case 2: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 2;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 3:
-        {
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case 3: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 3;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 4:
-        {
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case 4: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 4;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 5:
-        {
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case 5: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 5;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 6:
-        {
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case 6: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 6;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 7:
-        {
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case 7: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 7;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 8:
-        {
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
+        case 8: {
             constexpr int c_ncols_dst = 8;
-            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
-            mul_mat_vec_q<type, c_ncols_dst><<<dims.first, dims.second, 0, stream>>>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
-                 channel_ratio, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 sample_ratio, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst);
-            break;
-        }
+            std::pair<dim3, dim3> dims = calc_launch_params<type>(c_ncols_dst, nrows_x, nchannels_dst, nsamples_dst, warp_size, table_id);
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_fusion<type, c_ncols_dst>(vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nchannels_y_fd, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 channel_ratio_fd, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 sample_ratio_fd, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
+                 dims.first, dims.second, 0, ids_stride, stream);
+        } break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
             break;
     }
-}
 
+    GGML_UNUSED(has_fusion);
+}
 static void mul_mat_vec_q_switch_type(
-        const void * vx, const ggml_type type_x, const void * vy, const int32_t * ids, float * dst,
+        const void * vx, const ggml_type type_x, const void * vy, const int32_t * ids, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion, float * dst,
         const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x, const int ncols_dst,
         const int stride_row_x, const int stride_col_y, const int stride_col_dst,
         const int nchannels_x, const int nchannels_y, const int nchannels_dst,
         const int stride_channel_x, const int stride_channel_y, const int stride_channel_dst,
         const int nsamples_x, const int nsamples_dst, const int stride_sample_x, const int stride_sample_y, const int stride_sample_dst,
-        cudaStream_t stream) {
+        const int ids_stride, cudaStream_t stream) {
     switch (type_x) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q4_0>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q4_1>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q5_0>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q5_1>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q8_0>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                 nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_MXFP4>
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q2_K>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q3_K>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q4_K>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q5_K>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_Q6_K>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
             mul_mat_vec_q_switch_ncols_dst<GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S>
-                (vx, vy, ids, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
+                (vx, vy, ids, fusion, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_dst, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, stride_col_dst,
                  nchannels_x, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, stride_channel_x, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst,
-                 stream);
+                 nsamples_x, nsamples_dst, stride_sample_x, stride_sample_y, stride_sample_dst, ids_stride, stream);
             break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
@@ -489,7 +693,8 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q_switch_type(
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(
-        ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst,
+        const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host * fusion) {
     GGML_ASSERT(        src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(        dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ids->type  == GGML_TYPE_I32); // Optional, used for batched GGML_MUL_MAT_ID.
@@ -507,12 +712,37 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(
     GGML_ASSERT(        nb0        == ts_dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ids->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(ids->type));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ne12 == 1); // Implementation is only correct for batch size 1.
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ids || ne12 <= MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE);
 
     const float   * src1_d =       (const float   *) src1->data;
     const int32_t *  ids_d = ids ? (const int32_t *)  ids->data : nullptr;
     float         *  dst_d =       (float         *)  dst->data;
 
+    ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion_local{};
+
+    if (fusion) {
+        GGML_ASSERT( !ids || dst->ne[2] == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(  ids || dst->ne[1] == 1);
+
+        if (fusion->x_bias) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->x_bias->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->x_bias->ne[0] == dst->ne[0]);
+            GGML_ASSERT(!ids || fusion->x_bias->ne[1] == src0->ne[2]);
+            fusion_local.x_bias = fusion->x_bias->data;
+        }
+        if (fusion->gate) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->gate->type == src0->type && ggml_are_same_stride(fusion->gate, src0));
+            fusion_local.gate = fusion->gate->data;
+        }
+        if (fusion->gate_bias) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->gate_bias->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            GGML_ASSERT(fusion->gate_bias->ne[0] == dst->ne[0]);
+            GGML_ASSERT(!ids || fusion->gate_bias->ne[1] == src0->ne[2]);
+            fusion_local.gate_bias = fusion->gate_bias->data;
+        }
+        fusion_local.glu_op = fusion->glu_op;
+    }
+
     // If src0 is a temporary compute buffer, clear any potential padding.
     if (ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(src0->buffer) == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_COMPUTE) {
         const size_t size_data  = ggml_nbytes(src0);
@@ -553,11 +783,13 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(
     const int64_t stride_channel_dst = ids ? s1   : s2;
     const int64_t stride_channel_y   = ids ? s11  : s12;
 
+    const int64_t ids_stride = ids ? ids->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(ids->type) : 0;
+
     mul_mat_vec_q_switch_type(
-        src0->data, src0->type, src1_q8_1.get(), ids_d, dst_d, ne00,
+        src0->data, src0->type, src1_q8_1.get(), ids_d, fusion_local, dst_d, ne00,
         ne01,              ncols_dst,     s01, stride_col_y,     stride_col_dst,
         ne02, nchannels_y, nchannels_dst, s02, stride_channel_y, stride_channel_dst,
-        ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,                 stream);
+        ne03,              ne3,           s03, s13,              s3,               ids_stride, stream);
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec_q(
@@ -583,13 +815,10 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec_q(
     const int stride_row_x = ne00 / ggml_blck_size(src0->type);
     const int stride_col_y = src1_padded_row_size / QK8_1;
 
+    ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_device fusion_local{};
     mul_mat_vec_q_switch_type(
-        src0_dd_i, src0->type, src1_ddq_i, nullptr, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, src1_ncols, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, nrows_dst,
-        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, stream);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ddf_i);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_ncols);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_padded_row_size);
+        src0_dd_i, src0->type, src1_ddq_i, nullptr, fusion_local, dst_dd_i, ne00, row_diff, src1_ncols, stride_row_x, stride_col_y, nrows_dst,
+        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, stream);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(src1, dst, src1_ddf_i, src1_ncols, src1_padded_row_size);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cuh
index 39dc7d33eb5..8a154631f69 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cuh
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 
 #define MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 8 // Max. batch size for which to use MMVQ kernels.
+#define MMVQ_MMID_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 4 // Max. batch size for which to use MMVQ kernels for MUL_MAT_ID
 
 void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_q(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
-    const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst, const ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host * fusion = nullptr);
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec_q(
     ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cu
index 0020dbcec5f..ef98f675aa7 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cu
@@ -25,19 +25,8 @@ static __global__ void norm_f32(
     }
 
     // sum up partial sums
-    mean_var = warp_reduce_sum(mean_var);
-    if constexpr (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        static_assert(block_size == 1024, "unexpected block_size");
-        __shared__ float2 s_sum[32];
-        const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
-        const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            s_sum[warp_id] = mean_var;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        mean_var = s_sum[lane_id];
-        mean_var = warp_reduce_sum(mean_var);
-    }
+    extern __shared__ float2 s_sum2[];
+    mean_var = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM, block_size>(mean_var, s_sum2);
 
     const float mean = mean_var.x / ncols;
     const float var = mean_var.y / ncols - mean * mean;
@@ -61,19 +50,8 @@ static __global__ void group_norm_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int gr
         tmp += x[j];
     }
 
-    tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    if constexpr (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        static_assert(block_size == 1024, "unexpected block_size");
-        __shared__ float s_sum[32];
-        const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
-        const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            s_sum[warp_id] = tmp;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        tmp = s_sum[lane_id];
-        tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    }
+    extern __shared__ float s_sum[];
+    tmp = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM, block_size>(tmp, s_sum);
 
     const float mean = tmp / group_size;
     tmp = 0.0f;
@@ -84,18 +62,7 @@ static __global__ void group_norm_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int gr
         tmp += xi * xi;
     }
 
-    tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        __shared__ float s_sum[32];
-        const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
-        const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            s_sum[warp_id] = tmp;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        tmp = s_sum[lane_id];
-        tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    }
+    tmp = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM, block_size>(tmp, s_sum);
 
     const float variance = tmp / group_size;
     const float scale = rsqrtf(variance + eps);
@@ -104,10 +71,30 @@ static __global__ void group_norm_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int gr
     }
 }
 
-template <int block_size>
-static __global__ void rms_norm_f32(
-        const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_channel,
-        const int64_t stride_sample, const float eps) {
+template <int block_size, bool do_multiply = false, bool do_add = false>
+static __global__ void rms_norm_f32(const float * x,
+                                    float *       dst,
+                                    const int     ncols,
+                                    const int64_t stride_row,
+                                    const int64_t stride_channel,
+                                    const int64_t stride_sample,
+                                    const float   eps,
+                                    const float * mul                  = nullptr,
+                                    const int64_t mul_stride_row       = 0,
+                                    const int64_t mul_stride_channel   = 0,
+                                    const int64_t mul_stride_sample    = 0,
+                                    const uint3   mul_ncols_packed     = make_uint3(0, 0, 0),
+                                    const uint3   mul_nrows_packed     = make_uint3(0, 0, 0),
+                                    const uint3   mul_nchannels_packed = make_uint3(0, 0, 0),
+                                    const uint3   mul_nsamples_packed  = make_uint3(0, 0, 0),
+                                    const float * add                  = nullptr,
+                                    const int64_t add_stride_row       = 0,
+                                    const int64_t add_stride_channel   = 0,
+                                    const int64_t add_stride_sample    = 0,
+                                    const uint3   add_ncols_packed     = make_uint3(0, 0, 0),
+                                    const uint3   add_nrows_packed     = make_uint3(0, 0, 0),
+                                    const uint3   add_nchannels_packed = make_uint3(0, 0, 0),
+                                    const uint3   add_nsamples_packed  = make_uint3(0, 0, 0)) {
     const int nrows     = gridDim.x;
     const int nchannels = gridDim.y;
 
@@ -116,9 +103,25 @@ static __global__ void rms_norm_f32(
     const int sample    = blockIdx.z;
     const int tid       = threadIdx.x;
 
+    static_assert(!do_add || do_multiply, "fusing add is not supported without multiplying");
+
     x   += sample*stride_sample + channel*stride_channel + row*stride_row;
     dst += ((sample*nchannels + channel)*nrows + row)*ncols;
 
+    if constexpr (do_multiply) {
+        const uint32_t mul_row     = fastmodulo(row, mul_nrows_packed);
+        const uint32_t mul_channel = fastmodulo(channel, mul_nchannels_packed);
+        const uint32_t mul_sample  = fastmodulo(sample, mul_nsamples_packed);
+        mul += mul_sample * mul_stride_sample + mul_channel * mul_stride_channel + mul_row * mul_stride_row;
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (do_add) {
+        const int add_row     = fastmodulo(row, add_nrows_packed);
+        const int add_channel = fastmodulo(channel, add_nchannels_packed);
+        const int add_sample  = fastmodulo(sample, add_nsamples_packed);
+        add += add_sample * add_stride_sample + add_channel * add_stride_channel + add_row * add_stride_row;
+    }
+
     float tmp = 0.0f; // partial sum for thread in warp
 
     for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += block_size) {
@@ -127,25 +130,23 @@ static __global__ void rms_norm_f32(
     }
 
     // sum up partial sums
-    tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    if constexpr (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        static_assert(block_size == 1024, "unexpected block_size");
-        __shared__ float s_sum[32];
-        const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
-        const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            s_sum[warp_id] = tmp;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        tmp = s_sum[lane_id];
-        tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    }
+    extern __shared__ float s_sum[];
+    tmp = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM, block_size>(tmp, s_sum);
 
     const float mean = tmp / ncols;
     const float scale = rsqrtf(mean + eps);
 
     for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += block_size) {
-        dst[col] = scale * x[col];
+        if constexpr (do_multiply && do_add) {
+            const int mul_col = fastmodulo(col, mul_ncols_packed);
+            const int add_col = fastmodulo(col, add_ncols_packed);
+            dst[col]          = scale * x[col] * mul[mul_col] + add[add_col];
+        } else if constexpr (do_multiply) {
+            const int mul_col = fastmodulo(col, mul_ncols_packed);
+            dst[col]          = scale * x[col] * mul[mul_col];
+        } else {
+            dst[col] = scale * x[col];
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -258,19 +259,8 @@ static __global__ void l2_norm_f32(
     }
 
     // sum up partial sums
-    tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    if constexpr (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        static_assert(block_size == 1024, "unexpected block_size");
-        __shared__ float s_sum[32];
-        const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
-        const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            s_sum[warp_id] = tmp;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-        tmp = s_sum[lane_id];
-        tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    }
+    extern __shared__ float s_sum[];
+    tmp = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM, block_size>(tmp, s_sum);
 
     // from https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.normalize.html
     const float scale = rsqrtf(fmaxf(tmp, eps * eps));
@@ -289,7 +279,7 @@ static void norm_f32_cuda(
         norm_f32<WARP_SIZE><<<blocks_num, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
     } else {
         const dim3 block_dims(1024, 1, 1);
-        norm_f32<1024><<<blocks_num, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
+        norm_f32<1024><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float2): 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
     }
 }
 
@@ -300,7 +290,7 @@ static void group_norm_f32_cuda(
         group_norm_f32<WARP_SIZE><<<num_groups, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, group_size, ne_elements, eps);
     } else {
         const dim3 block_dims(1024, 1, 1);
-        group_norm_f32<1024><<<num_groups, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, group_size, ne_elements, eps);
+        group_norm_f32<1024><<<num_groups, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(x, dst, group_size, ne_elements, eps);
     }
 }
 
@@ -309,11 +299,87 @@ static void rms_norm_f32_cuda(
         const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_channel, const int64_t stride_sample, const float eps, cudaStream_t stream) {
     const dim3 blocks_num(nrows, nchannels, nsamples);
     if (ncols < 1024) {
-        const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, 1, 1);
-        rms_norm_f32<WARP_SIZE><<<blocks_num, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
+        const dim3 block_dims(256, 1, 1);
+        rms_norm_f32<256, false><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
     } else {
         const dim3 block_dims(1024, 1, 1);
-        rms_norm_f32<1024><<<blocks_num, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
+        rms_norm_f32<1024, false><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
+    }
+}
+
+static void rms_norm_mul_f32_cuda(const float *  x,
+                                  const float *  mul,
+                                  const float *  add,
+                                  float *        dst,
+                                  const int      ncols,
+                                  const int      nrows,
+                                  const int      nchannels,
+                                  const int      nsamples,
+                                  const int64_t  stride_row,
+                                  const int64_t  stride_channel,
+                                  const int64_t  stride_sample,
+                                  const int64_t  mul_stride_row,
+                                  const int64_t  mul_stride_channel,
+                                  const int64_t  mul_stride_sample,
+                                  const uint32_t mul_ncols,
+                                  const uint32_t mul_nrows,
+                                  const uint32_t mul_nchannels,
+                                  const uint32_t mul_nsamples,
+                                  const int64_t  add_stride_row,
+                                  const int64_t  add_stride_channel,
+                                  const int64_t  add_stride_sample,
+                                  const uint32_t add_ncols,
+                                  const uint32_t add_nrows,
+                                  const uint32_t add_nchannels,
+                                  const uint32_t add_nsamples,
+                                  const float    eps,
+                                  cudaStream_t   stream) {
+    const dim3 blocks_num(nrows, nchannels, nsamples);
+    if (mul == nullptr) {
+        rms_norm_f32_cuda(x, dst, ncols, nrows, nchannels, nsamples, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, stream);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (add == nullptr) {
+        const uint3 mul_ncols_packed     = init_fastdiv_values(mul_ncols);
+        const uint3 mul_nrows_packed     = init_fastdiv_values(mul_nrows);
+        const uint3 mul_nchannels_packed = init_fastdiv_values(mul_nchannels);
+        const uint3 mul_nsamples_packed  = init_fastdiv_values(mul_nsamples);
+        if (ncols < 1024) {
+            const dim3 block_dims(256, 1, 1);
+            rms_norm_f32<256, true><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, mul, mul_stride_row, mul_stride_channel,
+                mul_stride_sample, mul_ncols_packed, mul_nrows_packed, mul_nchannels_packed, mul_nsamples_packed);
+        } else {
+            const dim3 block_dims(1024, 1, 1);
+            rms_norm_f32<1024, true><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, mul, mul_stride_row, mul_stride_channel,
+                mul_stride_sample, mul_ncols_packed, mul_nrows_packed, mul_nchannels_packed, mul_nsamples_packed);
+        }
+    } else {
+        const uint3 mul_ncols_packed     = init_fastdiv_values(mul_ncols);
+        const uint3 mul_nrows_packed     = init_fastdiv_values(mul_nrows);
+        const uint3 mul_nchannels_packed = init_fastdiv_values(mul_nchannels);
+        const uint3 mul_nsamples_packed  = init_fastdiv_values(mul_nsamples);
+
+        const uint3 add_ncols_packed     = init_fastdiv_values(add_ncols);
+        const uint3 add_nrows_packed     = init_fastdiv_values(add_nrows);
+        const uint3 add_nchannels_packed = init_fastdiv_values(add_nchannels);
+        const uint3 add_nsamples_packed  = init_fastdiv_values(add_nsamples);
+        if (ncols < 1024) {
+            const dim3 block_dims(256, 1, 1);
+            rms_norm_f32<256, true, true><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, mul, mul_stride_row, mul_stride_channel,
+                mul_stride_sample, mul_ncols_packed, mul_nrows_packed, mul_nchannels_packed, mul_nsamples_packed, add,
+                add_stride_row, add_stride_channel, add_stride_sample, add_ncols_packed, add_nrows_packed,
+                add_nchannels_packed, add_nsamples_packed);
+        } else {
+            const dim3 block_dims(1024, 1, 1);
+            rms_norm_f32<1024, true, true><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(
+                x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, mul, mul_stride_row, mul_stride_channel,
+                mul_stride_sample, mul_ncols_packed, mul_nrows_packed, mul_nchannels_packed, mul_nsamples_packed, add,
+                add_stride_row, add_stride_channel, add_stride_sample, add_ncols_packed, add_nrows_packed,
+                add_nchannels_packed, add_nsamples_packed);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -336,7 +402,7 @@ static void l2_norm_f32_cuda(
         l2_norm_f32<WARP_SIZE><<<blocks_num, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
     } else {
         const dim3 block_dims(1024, 1, 1);
-        l2_norm_f32<1024><<<blocks_num, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
+        l2_norm_f32<1024><<<blocks_num, block_dims, block_dims.x > WARP_SIZE ? 32 * sizeof(float): 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps);
     }
 }
 
@@ -407,6 +473,154 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     rms_norm_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, s01, s02, s03, eps, stream);
 }
 
+void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor) {
+    const ggml_tensor * rms_norm_src = (ggml_tensor *) dst->src[0];
+    float eps = 0.0f;
+
+    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *) rms_norm_src->data;
+    const float * mul_d = nullptr;
+    const ggml_tensor * mul_src = nullptr;
+
+    if (mul_tensor->src[0] == dst) {
+        mul_d = (float *) mul_tensor->src[1]->data;
+        mul_src = mul_tensor->src[1];
+    } else if(mul_tensor->src[1] == dst) {
+        mul_d = (float *) mul_tensor->src[0]->data;
+        mul_src = mul_tensor->src[0];
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    float * dst_d = (float *) mul_tensor->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm_src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(mul_tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(eps >= 0.0f);
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = rms_norm_src->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01 = rms_norm_src->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne02 = rms_norm_src->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03 = rms_norm_src->ne[3];
+
+    const size_t ts0 = ggml_type_size(rms_norm_src->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm_src->nb[0] == ts0);
+    const int64_t s01 = rms_norm_src->nb[1] / ts0;
+    const int64_t s02 = rms_norm_src->nb[2] / ts0;
+    const int64_t s03 = rms_norm_src->nb[3] / ts0;
+
+    const size_t ts_mul = ggml_type_size(mul_src->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(mul_src->nb[0] == ts_mul);
+    const int64_t mul_s01 = mul_src->nb[1] / ts_mul;
+    const int64_t mul_s02 = mul_src->nb[2] / ts_mul;
+    const int64_t mul_s03 = mul_src->nb[3] / ts_mul;
+
+    const int mul_ncols     = mul_src->ne[0];
+    const int mul_nrows     = mul_src->ne[1];
+    const int mul_nchannels = mul_src->ne[2];
+    const int mul_nsamples  = mul_src->ne[3];
+
+    rms_norm_mul_f32_cuda(src0_d, mul_d, nullptr, dst_d,
+                          ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                          /*s00*/ s01, s02, s03,
+                          /*mul_s00*/ mul_s01, mul_s02, mul_s03,
+                          mul_ncols, mul_nrows, mul_nchannels, mul_nsamples,
+                          /*add_s00*/ 0, 0, 0,
+                          0, 0, 0, 0,
+                          eps, stream);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               mul_tensor,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               add_tensor) {
+    const ggml_tensor * rms_norm_src = (ggml_tensor *) dst->src[0];
+    float               eps          = 0.0f;
+
+    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    const float *       src0_d  = (const float *) rms_norm_src->data;
+    const float *       mul_d   = nullptr;
+    const ggml_tensor * mul_src = nullptr;
+
+    if (mul_tensor->src[0] == dst) {
+        mul_d   = (float *) mul_tensor->src[1]->data;
+        mul_src = mul_tensor->src[1];
+    } else if (mul_tensor->src[1] == dst) {
+        mul_d   = (float *) mul_tensor->src[0]->data;
+        mul_src = mul_tensor->src[0];
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    const float *       add_d   = nullptr;
+    const ggml_tensor * add_src = nullptr;
+
+    if (add_tensor->src[0] == mul_tensor) {
+        add_d   = (float *) add_tensor->src[1]->data;
+        add_src = add_tensor->src[1];
+    } else if (add_tensor->src[1] == mul_tensor) {
+        add_d   = (float *) add_tensor->src[0]->data;
+        add_src = add_tensor->src[0];
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+
+    float *      dst_d  = (float *) add_tensor->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm_src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(mul_tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(add_tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(eps >= 0.0f);
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = rms_norm_src->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01 = rms_norm_src->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne02 = rms_norm_src->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03 = rms_norm_src->ne[3];
+
+    const size_t ts0 = ggml_type_size(rms_norm_src->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm_src->nb[0] == ts0);
+    const int64_t s01 = rms_norm_src->nb[1] / ts0;
+    const int64_t s02 = rms_norm_src->nb[2] / ts0;
+    const int64_t s03 = rms_norm_src->nb[3] / ts0;
+
+    const size_t ts_mul = ggml_type_size(mul_src->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(mul_src->nb[0] == ts_mul);
+    const int64_t mul_s01 = mul_src->nb[1] / ts_mul;
+    const int64_t mul_s02 = mul_src->nb[2] / ts_mul;
+    const int64_t mul_s03 = mul_src->nb[3] / ts_mul;
+
+    const int mul_ncols     = mul_src->ne[0];
+    const int mul_nrows     = mul_src->ne[1];
+    const int mul_nchannels = mul_src->ne[2];
+    const int mul_nsamples  = mul_src->ne[3];
+
+    const size_t ts_add = ggml_type_size(add_src->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(add_src->nb[0] == ts_add);
+    const int64_t add_s01 = add_src->nb[1] / ts_add;
+    const int64_t add_s02 = add_src->nb[2] / ts_add;
+    const int64_t add_s03 = add_src->nb[3] / ts_add;
+
+    const int add_ncols     = add_src->ne[0];
+    const int add_nrows     = add_src->ne[1];
+    const int add_nchannels = add_src->ne[2];
+    const int add_nsamples  = add_src->ne[3];
+
+    rms_norm_mul_f32_cuda(src0_d, mul_d,add_d,dst_d,
+                          ne00,ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                          /*s00*/ s01, s02, s03,
+                          /*mul_s00*/ mul_s01, mul_s02, mul_s03,
+                          mul_ncols, mul_nrows, mul_nchannels, mul_nsamples,
+                          /*add_s00*/ add_s01, add_s02, add_s03,
+                          add_ncols, add_nrows, add_nchannels, add_nsamples,
+                          eps, stream);
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * grad  = dst->src[0]; // gradients
     const ggml_tensor * src0f = dst->src[1]; // src0 from forward pass
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cuh
index 706a5660a68..a74f6376720 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/norm.cuh
@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_group_norm(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
+void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               mul_tensor,
+                                     ggml_tensor *               add_tensor);
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_l2_norm(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/opt-step-sgd.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/opt-step-sgd.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..460b16de447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/opt-step-sgd.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "opt-step-sgd.cuh"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+static __global__ void opt_step_sgd_f32(
+    float * __restrict__ x, const float * __restrict__ g,
+    const float * __restrict__ pars, const int64_t k) {
+
+    const int64_t i = (int64_t) blockIdx.x*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+    x[i] = x[i] * (1.0f - pars[0] * pars[1]) - pars[0] * g[i];
+}
+
+static void opt_step_sgd_f32_cuda(
+    float * x, const float * g, const float * __restrict__ pars, const int64_t k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const dim3 block_dims(CUDA_OPT_STEP_SGD_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    const dim3 block_nums((k + CUDA_OPT_STEP_SGD_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_OPT_STEP_SGD_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    opt_step_sgd_f32<<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, g, pars, k);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_opt_step_sgd(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0      = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0_grad = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * params    = dst->src[2];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type      == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0_grad->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(params->type    == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0_grad));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(params));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src0_grad));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(params) == 2);
+
+    float       * src0_d      = (float       *) src0->data;
+    const float * src0_grad_d = (const float *) src0_grad->data;
+    const float * params_d    = (const float *) params->data;
+
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    const int64_t ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+
+    opt_step_sgd_f32_cuda(src0_d, src0_grad_d, params_d, ne, stream);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/opt-step-sgd.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/opt-step-sgd.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f97ab7d9bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/opt-step-sgd.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_OPT_STEP_SGD_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_opt_step_sgd(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad.cu
index 77432b04689..31cd00f7781 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad.cu
@@ -1,49 +1,106 @@
 #include "pad.cuh"
 
-static __global__ void pad_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ne0, const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int ne03) {
-    // blockIdx.z: idx of ne2*ne3, aka ne02*ne03
-    // blockIdx.y: idx of ne1
-    // blockIDx.x: idx of ne0 / BLOCK_SIZE
-    int nidx = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
-    if (nidx >= ne0) {
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int64_t wrap_around(int64_t coord, int64_t size) {
+    // + size ensures negatives are handled properly
+    return (coord + size) % size;
+}
+
+static __global__ void pad_f32(const float * src, size_t s00, size_t s01, size_t s02, size_t s03, float * dst,
+                               const int lp0, const int rp0, const int lp1, const int rp1,
+                               const int lp2, const int rp2, const int lp3, const int rp3,
+                               const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int ne3,
+                               const bool circular) {
+    // blockIdx.z: i3*ne2+i2
+    // blockIdx.y: i1
+    // blockIDx.x: i0 / CUDA_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE
+    // gridDim.y:  ne1
+    int i0 = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
+    int i1 = blockIdx.y;
+    int i2 = blockIdx.z % ne2;
+    int i3 = blockIdx.z / ne2;
+
+    if (i0 >= ne0 || i1 >= ne1 || i2 >= ne2 || i3 >= ne3) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // operation
-    int offset_dst =
-        nidx +
-        blockIdx.y * ne0 +
-        blockIdx.z * ne0 * gridDim.y;
-    if (nidx < ne00 && blockIdx.y < (unsigned)ne01 && blockIdx.z < (unsigned)(ne02*ne03)) {
-        int offset_src =
-            nidx +
-            blockIdx.y * ne00 +
-            blockIdx.z * ne00 * ne01;
-        dst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src];
-    } else {
-        dst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
+    const int64_t dst_idx = i3 * (ne0 * ne1 * ne2) + i2 * (ne0 * ne1) + i1 * ne0 + i0;
+
+    if (!circular) {
+        if ((i0 >= lp0 && i0 < ne0 - rp0) && (i1 >= lp1 && i1 < ne1 - rp1) && (i2 >= lp2 && i2 < ne2 - rp2) &&
+            (i3 >= lp3 && i3 < ne3 - rp3)) {
+            const int64_t i00  = i0 - lp0;
+            const int64_t i01  = i1 - lp1;
+            const int64_t i02  = i2 - lp2;
+            const int64_t i03  = i3 - lp3;
+
+            const int64_t src_idx = i03 * s03 + i02 * s02 + i01 * s01 + i00 * s00;
+
+            dst[dst_idx] = src[src_idx];
+        } else {
+            dst[dst_idx] = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+    // circular means on a torus, so x and y wrap around
+    else {
+        const int64_t ne00 = ne0 - lp0 - rp0;
+        const int64_t ne01 = ne1 - lp1 - rp1;
+        const int64_t ne02 = ne2 - lp2 - rp2;
+        const int64_t ne03 = ne3 - lp3 - rp3;
+
+        const int64_t i00 = wrap_around(i0 - lp0, ne00);
+        const int64_t i01 = wrap_around(i1 - lp1, ne01);
+        const int64_t i02 = wrap_around(i2 - lp2, ne02);
+        const int64_t i03 = wrap_around(i3 - lp3, ne03);
+
+        const int64_t src_idx = i03 * s03 + i02 * s02 + i01 * s01 + i00 * s00;
+
+        dst[dst_idx] = src[src_idx];
     }
 }
 
-static void pad_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst,
-    const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int ne03,
-    const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int ne3, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    int num_blocks = (ne0 + CUDA_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    dim3 gridDim(num_blocks, ne1, ne2*ne3);
-    pad_f32<<<gridDim, CUDA_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ne0, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03);
+
+static void pad_f32_cuda(const float * src, size_t s00, size_t s01, size_t s02, size_t s03, float * dst,
+    const int lp0, const int rp0, const int lp1, const int rp1,
+    const int lp2, const int rp2, const int lp3, const int rp3,
+    const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int ne3,
+    const bool circular, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    int  num_blocks = (ne0 + CUDA_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    dim3 gridDim(num_blocks, ne1, ne2 * ne3);
+    pad_f32<<<gridDim, CUDA_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(src, s00, s01, s02, s03, dst,
+                                                         lp0, rp0, lp1, rp1, lp2, rp2, lp3, rp3,
+                                                         ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, circular);
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_pad(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
-    const float * src0_d = (const float *)src0->data;
-    float * dst_d = (float *)dst->data;
-    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+    const ggml_tensor * src0   = dst->src[0];
+    const float *       src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+    float *             dst_d  = (float *) dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t        stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS;
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == 1 && dst->ne[3] == 1); // just 3D tensors
 
-    pad_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d,
-        src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
-        dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], stream);
+    const int32_t lp0      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t rp0      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t lp1      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t rp1      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t lp2      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t rp2      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t lp3      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t rp3      = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t circular = ((const int32_t *) (dst->op_params))[8];
+
+    const size_t s00 = nb00 / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t s01 = nb01 / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t s02 = nb02 / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t s03 = nb03 / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+
+    pad_f32_cuda(src0_d, s00, s01, s02, s03, dst_d,
+                 lp0, rp0, lp1, rp1, lp2, rp2, lp3, rp3,
+                 dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+                 (bool) circular, stream);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad_reflect_1d.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad_reflect_1d.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32993eb5913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad_reflect_1d.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include "pad_reflect_1d.cuh"
+
+static __global__ __launch_bounds__(CUDA_PAD_REFLECT_1D_BLOCK_SIZE, 1) void
+    pad_reflect_1d_kernel_f32(
+        const void * __restrict__ src0,
+        void * __restrict__       dst,
+        const int64_t             ne0,
+        const int64_t             ne00,
+        const uint3               ne01,
+        const int64_t             ne02,
+        const int64_t             ne03,
+        const int64_t             nb00,
+        const int64_t             nb01,
+        const int64_t             nb02,
+        const int64_t             nb03,
+        const int64_t             nb0,
+        const int64_t             nb1,
+        const int64_t             nb2,
+        const int64_t             nb3,
+        const int                 p0,
+        const int                 p1) {
+    const int64_t i3 = blockIdx.z;
+    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.y;
+
+    const uint2   div_mod_packed = fast_div_modulo(blockIdx.x, ne01);
+    const int64_t tile1          = div_mod_packed.y;  // i1
+    const int64_t tile0          = div_mod_packed.x;  // nth i0 tile
+    const int64_t i1             = tile1;
+    const int64_t i0             = threadIdx.x + tile0 * blockDim.x;
+
+    // ne01.z is original value of unpacked ne01 (see init_fastdiv_values in common.cuh)
+    if (i0 >= ne0 || i1 >= ne01.z || i2 >= ne02 || i3 >= ne03) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const char * src0_ptr = (const char *) src0 + i3 * nb03 + i2 * nb02 + i1 * nb01;
+    char *       dst_ptr  = (char *) dst + i3 * nb3 + i2 * nb2 + i1 * nb1;
+
+    const int64_t rel_i0 = i0 - p0;  // relative i0 in src0
+    int64_t src_idx;
+
+    if (rel_i0 < 0) {
+        // Left padding - reflect
+        src_idx = -rel_i0;
+    } else if (rel_i0 < ne00) {
+        // Middle - copy
+        src_idx = rel_i0;
+    } else {
+        // Right padding - reflect
+        src_idx = 2 * ne00 - 2 - rel_i0;
+    }
+    const float value               = *(const float *) (src0_ptr + src_idx * nb00);
+    *(float *) (dst_ptr + i0 * nb0) = value;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(p1);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0   = dst->src[0];
+    cudaStream_t        stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int32_t * opts = (const int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    const int       p0   = opts[0];
+    const int       p1   = opts[1];
+
+    const int64_t ne00        = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01        = src0->ne[1];
+    const uint3   ne01_packed = init_fastdiv_values(ne01);
+    const int64_t ne02        = src0->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03        = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+
+    // sanity: padded length matches
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == ne00 + p0 + p1);
+
+    constexpr int64_t bx     = CUDA_PAD_REFLECT_1D_BLOCK_SIZE;  // threads per block (x)
+    const int64_t     tiles0 = (ne0 + bx - 1) / bx;             // number of tiles along i0
+    // grid.x covers i1 and all tiles of i0: [ne01 * tiles0]
+    // grid.y covers i2: [ne02]
+    // grid.z covers i3: [ne03]
+    const dim3        grid_dims((unsigned) (ne01 * tiles0), (unsigned) ne02, (unsigned) ne03);
+    const dim3        block_dims((unsigned) bx, 1, 1);
+
+    pad_reflect_1d_kernel_f32<<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+        src0->data, dst->data, ne0, ne00, ne01_packed, ne02, ne03, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+        dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3], p0, p1);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad_reflect_1d.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad_reflect_1d.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15f2ed1737b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/pad_reflect_1d.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_PAD_REFLECT_1D_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cu
index a0b03a740d7..4300ffc148c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cu
@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
 #include "quantize.cuh"
 #include <cstdint>
 
+__launch_bounds__(CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1)
 static __global__ void quantize_q8_1(
         const float * __restrict__ x, void * __restrict__ vy,
         const int64_t ne00, const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03,
-        const int64_t ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2) {
+        const int64_t ne0, const uint32_t ne1, const uint3 ne2) {
     const int64_t i0 = (int64_t)blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
     if (i0 >= ne0) {
         return;
     }
 
+    const int64_t i3 = fastdiv(blockIdx.z, ne2);
+    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.z - i3*ne2.z;
     const int64_t i1 = blockIdx.y;
-    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.z % ne2;
-    const int64_t i3 = blockIdx.z / ne2;
 
     const int64_t & i00 = i0;
     const int64_t & i01 = i1;
     const int64_t & i02 = i2;
     const int64_t & i03 = i3;
 
-    const int64_t i_cont = ((i3*ne2 + i2) * ne1 + i1) * ne0 + i0;
+    const int64_t i_cont = ((i3*ne2.z + i2) * ne1 + i1) * ne0 + i0;
 
     block_q8_1 * y = (block_q8_1 *) vy;
 
@@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ static __global__ void quantize_q8_1(
     float amax = fabsf(xi);
     float sum = xi;
 
-    amax = warp_reduce_max(amax);
-    sum  = warp_reduce_sum(sum);
+    amax = warp_reduce_max<QK8_1>(amax);
+    sum  = warp_reduce_sum<QK8_1>(sum);
 
-    const float  d = amax / 127;
+    const float  d = amax / 127.0f;
     const int8_t q = amax == 0.0f ? 0 : roundf(xi / d);
 
     y[ib].qs[iqs] = q;
@@ -43,8 +44,132 @@ static __global__ void quantize_q8_1(
         return;
     }
 
-    reinterpret_cast<half&>(y[ib].ds.x) = d;
-    reinterpret_cast<half&>(y[ib].ds.y) = sum;
+    y[ib].ds = make_half2(d, sum);
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ uint8_t compute_e8m0_scale(float amax) {
+    if (!(amax > 0.0f)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // FP4 E2M1: max exponent (unbiased) is 2.
+    constexpr int FP4_E2M1_EMAX = 2;
+
+    const float e = log2f(amax);
+
+    // "even" -> round-to-nearest integer, ties-to-even
+    const int e_int = __float2int_rn(e);
+
+    const int shared_exp = e_int - FP4_E2M1_EMAX;
+
+    int biased = shared_exp + 127;
+
+    biased = max(biased, 0);
+    biased = min(biased, 254);
+
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(biased);
+}
+
+// quantize values in the format mxfp4 is stored which is interleaved nibbles
+// i.e. a block a0-a31 is represented as a0a16,a1a17 ...a15a31
+static __global__ void quantize_mmq_mxfp4(const float * __restrict__ x,
+                                          const int32_t * __restrict__ ids,
+                                          void * __restrict__ vy,
+                                          const int64_t ne00,
+                                          const int64_t s01,
+                                          const int64_t s02,
+                                          const int64_t s03,
+                                          const int64_t ne0,
+                                          const int     ne1,
+                                          const int     ne2) {
+    constexpr int vals_per_scale = 32;
+    constexpr int vals_per_warp  = 2 * vals_per_scale;  // Each warp processes 2 blocks of 32 = 64 values
+
+    const int warp_id = threadIdx.y;
+    const int lane_id_32 = threadIdx.x;
+
+    const int nwarps = blockDim.y;
+
+    const int64_t warp_start_offset = (blockIdx.y * nwarps + warp_id) * vals_per_warp;
+
+    if (warp_start_offset >= ne0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i1 = blockIdx.x;
+    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.z % ne2;
+    const int64_t i3 = blockIdx.z / ne2;
+
+    const int64_t i01 = ids ? ids[i1] : i1;
+    const int64_t i02 = i2;
+    const int64_t i03 = i3;
+
+    block_fp4_mmq * y = (block_fp4_mmq *) vy;
+
+    const int64_t block_fp4_mmq_size = 8 * QK_MXFP4;  // 256 values
+    const int64_t ib0                = blockIdx.z * ((int64_t) ne1 * (ne0 / block_fp4_mmq_size));
+    const int64_t ib = ib0 + (warp_start_offset / block_fp4_mmq_size) * ne1 + blockIdx.x;
+    const int64_t quad_idx_in_block  = (warp_start_offset % block_fp4_mmq_size) / vals_per_warp;
+
+    const int group_id = lane_id_32 / 4;
+    const int lane_in_group = lane_id_32 % 4;
+    const int base = group_id * 2;
+    char2 * yqs2 = (char2 *) y[ib].qs;
+
+    const int64_t base_pos = i03 * s03 + i02 * s02 + i01 * s01;
+
+    uint8_t scales[2];
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int b = 0; b < 2; ++b) {
+        const int64_t i0 = warp_start_offset + b * vals_per_scale + lane_id_32;
+        const float xi = (i0 < ne00) ? x[base_pos + i0] : 0.0f;
+
+        float amax = fabsf(xi);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int mask = 16; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
+            amax = fmaxf(amax, __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, amax, mask, WARP_SIZE));
+        }
+
+        const uint8_t e = compute_e8m0_scale(amax);
+        scales[b] = e;
+        const float inv_s = (amax == 0.0f) ? 0.0f : __frcp_rn(ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(e));
+
+#if CUDART_VERSION >= 12080
+        const float scaled_val = xi * inv_s;
+
+        const float val0 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, scaled_val, base, WARP_SIZE);
+        const float val1 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, scaled_val, base + 16, WARP_SIZE);
+        const float val2 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, scaled_val, base + 1, WARP_SIZE);
+        const float val3 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, scaled_val, base + 17, WARP_SIZE);
+
+        if (lane_in_group == 0) {
+            __nv_fp4x4_e2m1 fp4_packed(make_float4(val0, val1, val2, val3));
+
+            yqs2[quad_idx_in_block * 16 + b * 8 + group_id] = *(char2 *) &fp4_packed;
+        }
+#else
+        // Fallback: manual FP4 conversion using LUT
+        const uint8_t q_val = ggml_cuda_float_to_fp4_e2m1(xi, inv_s);
+
+        const uint8_t q_lo_0 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, q_val, base,      WARP_SIZE);
+        const uint8_t q_lo_1 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, q_val, base + 1,  WARP_SIZE);
+        const uint8_t q_hi_0 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, q_val, base + 16, WARP_SIZE);
+        const uint8_t q_hi_1 = __shfl_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, q_val, base + 17, WARP_SIZE);
+
+        if (lane_in_group == 0) {
+            char2 q;
+            q.x = (q_hi_0 << 4) | q_lo_0;
+            q.y = (q_hi_1 << 4) | q_lo_1;
+            yqs2[quad_idx_in_block * 16 + b * 8 + group_id] = q;
+        }
+#endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 12080
+    }
+
+    if (lane_id_32 == 0) {
+        // Store 2 scales packed into 1 uint32
+        y[ib].d4[quad_idx_in_block] = (scales[1] << 8) | scales[0];
+    }
 }
 
 template <mmq_q8_1_ds_layout ds_layout>
@@ -110,7 +235,7 @@ static __global__ void quantize_mmq_q8_1(
     q.z = roundf(xi.z*d_inv);
     q.w = roundf(xi.w*d_inv);
 
-    // Write back 4 int8 values as a single 32 bit value for better memroy bandwidth:
+    // Write back 4 int8 values as a single 32 bit value for better memory bandwidth:
     char4 * yqs4 = (char4 *) y[ib].qs;
     yqs4[iqs/4] = q;
 
@@ -152,10 +277,12 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1_cuda(
     GGML_ASSERT(!ids);
     GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % QK8_1 == 0);
 
+    const uint3 ne2_fastdiv = init_fastdiv_values(ne2);
+
     const int64_t block_num_x = (ne0 + CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE;
     const dim3 num_blocks(block_num_x, ne1, ne2*ne3);
     const dim3 block_size(CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
-    quantize_q8_1<<<num_blocks, block_size, 0, stream>>>(x, vy, ne00, s01, s02, s03, ne0, ne1, ne2);
+    quantize_q8_1<<<num_blocks, block_size, 0, stream>>>(x, vy, ne00, s01, s02, s03, ne0, ne1, ne2_fastdiv);
     GGML_UNUSED(type_src0);
 }
 
@@ -188,3 +315,29 @@ void quantize_mmq_q8_1_cuda(
             break;
     }
 }
+
+void quantize_mmq_mxfp4_cuda(const float *                    x,
+                             const int32_t *                  ids,
+                             void *                           vy,
+                             [[maybe_unused]] const ggml_type type_src0,
+                             const int64_t                    ne00,
+                             const int64_t                    s01,
+                             const int64_t                    s02,
+                             const int64_t                    s03,
+                             const int64_t                    ne0,
+                             const int64_t                    ne1,
+                             const int64_t                    ne2,
+                             const int64_t                    ne3,
+                             cudaStream_t                     stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % (2 * QK_MXFP4) == 0);
+
+    constexpr int nwarps = 8;
+    constexpr int vals_per_warp  = 2 * QK_MXFP4;
+    constexpr int vals_per_block = nwarps * vals_per_warp;
+
+    const int64_t block_num_y = (ne0 + vals_per_block - 1) / vals_per_block;
+    const dim3    num_blocks(ne1, block_num_y, ne2 * ne3);
+    const dim3    block_size(WARP_SIZE, nwarps, 1);
+
+    quantize_mmq_mxfp4<<<num_blocks, block_size, 0, stream>>>(x, ids, vy, ne00, s01, s02, s03, ne0, ne1, ne2);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cuh
index 725ab52443c..6a91df63578 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/quantize.cuh
@@ -25,3 +25,17 @@ void quantize_mmq_q8_1_cuda(
         const float * x, const int32_t * ids, void * vy,
         ggml_type type_src0, int64_t ne00, int64_t s01, int64_t s02, int64_t s03,
         int64_t ne0, int64_t ne1, int64_t ne2, int64_t ne3, cudaStream_t stream);
+
+void quantize_mmq_mxfp4_cuda(const float *   x,
+                             const int32_t * ids,
+                             void *          vy,
+                             ggml_type       type_src0,
+                             int64_t         ne00,
+                             int64_t         s01,
+                             int64_t         s02,
+                             int64_t         s03,
+                             int64_t         ne0,
+                             int64_t         ne1,
+                             int64_t         ne2,
+                             int64_t         ne3,
+                             cudaStream_t    stream);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/reduce_rows.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/reduce_rows.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de240fd4413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/reduce_rows.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+// Row reduction kernel template - compute sum (norm=false) or mean (norm=true)
+template <bool norm>
+static __global__ void reduce_rows_f32(const float * __restrict__ x, float * __restrict__ dst, const int ncols) {
+    const int row = blockIdx.x;
+    const int col = threadIdx.x;
+
+    float     sum        = 0.0f;
+    const int num_unroll = 8;
+    float     temp[num_unroll];
+    float     sum_temp[num_unroll] = { 0.0f };
+    for (int i = col; i < ncols;) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < num_unroll; ++j) {
+            if (i < ncols) {
+                temp[j] = x[row * ncols + i];
+            } else {
+                temp[j] = 0;
+            }
+            i += blockDim.x;
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < num_unroll; ++j) {
+            sum_temp[j] += temp[j];
+        }
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < num_unroll; ++j) {
+        sum += sum_temp[j];
+    }
+
+    // sum up partial sums
+    __shared__ float shared_vals[32];
+    sum = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM>(sum, shared_vals);
+
+    if (col != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dst[row] = norm ? sum / ncols : sum;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/roll.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/roll.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a339dfc1ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/roll.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "ggml-cuda/common.cuh"
+#include "roll.cuh"
+
+static __forceinline__ __device__ int64_t wrap_index(const int64_t idx, const int64_t ne) {
+    if (idx < 0) {
+        return idx + ne;
+    }
+    if (idx >= ne) {
+        return idx - ne;
+    }
+    return idx;
+}
+
+static __global__ void roll_f32_cuda(const float * __restrict__ src,
+                                     float * __restrict__ dst,
+                                     const int64_t ne00,
+                                     const int64_t ne01,
+                                     const int64_t ne02,
+                                     const int64_t ne03,
+                                     const int     s0,
+                                     const int     s1,
+                                     const int     s2,
+                                     const int     s3) {
+    const int64_t idx        = int64_t(blockDim.x) * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+    const int64_t n_elements = ne00 * ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+
+    if (idx >= n_elements) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i0 = idx % ne00;
+    const int64_t i1 = (idx / ne00) % ne01;
+    const int64_t i2 = (idx / (ne00 * ne01)) % ne02;
+    const int64_t i3 = (idx / (ne00 * ne01 * ne02)) % ne03;
+
+    const int64_t d0 = wrap_index(i0 - s0, ne00);
+    const int64_t d1 = wrap_index(i1 - s1, ne01);
+    const int64_t d2 = wrap_index(i2 - s2, ne02);
+    const int64_t d3 = wrap_index(i3 - s3, ne03);
+
+    dst[i3 * (ne00 * ne01 * ne02) + i2 * (ne01 * ne00) + i1 * ne00 + i0] =
+        src[d3 * (ne00 * ne01 * ne02) + d2 * (ne01 * ne00) + d1 * ne00 + d0];
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_roll(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    int s0 = dst->op_params[0];
+    int s1 = dst->op_params[1];
+    int s2 = dst->op_params[2];
+    int s3 = dst->op_params[3];
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0   = dst->src[0];
+    const float *       src0_d = (const float *) dst->src[0]->data;
+    float *             dst_d  = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(dst->src[0], dst));
+
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    int64_t sz         = (ne00 * ne01 * ne02 * ne03);
+    int64_t num_blocks = (sz + CUDA_ROLL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_ROLL_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    roll_f32_cuda<<<num_blocks, CUDA_ROLL_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(
+        src0_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, s0, s1, s2, s3);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/roll.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/roll.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..322d55436e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/roll.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_ROLL_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_roll(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cu
index 18f691b2d31..45a49a5dc2a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cu
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#include "convert.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/common.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
 #include "rope.cuh"
 
 struct rope_corr_dims {
@@ -37,35 +40,64 @@ static __device__ void rope_yarn(
     }
 }
 
-template<bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
-static __global__ void rope_norm(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims,
-        const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-        const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors) {
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T, typename D>
+static __global__ void rope_norm(const T *            x,
+                                 D *                  dst,
+                                 const int            ne00,
+                                 const int            ne01,
+                                 const int            ne02,
+                                 const int            s01,
+                                 const int            s02,
+                                 const int            s03,
+                                 const int            s1,
+                                 const int            s2,
+                                 const int            s3,
+                                 const int            n_dims,
+                                 const int32_t *      pos,
+                                 const float          freq_scale,
+                                 const float          ext_factor,
+                                 const float          attn_factor,
+                                 const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                                 const float          theta_scale,
+                                 const float *        freq_factors,
+                                 const int64_t *      row_indices,
+                                 const int            set_rows_stride) {
     const int i0 = 2*(blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
 
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
     const int row_dst = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
-        const int i = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
-
-        dst[i + 0] = x[i + 0];
-        dst[i + 1] = x[i + 1];
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
+
+    int       idst = i0 + i1 * s1  + i2 * s2  + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix   = i0 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
+    // Fusion optimization: ROPE + VIEW + SET_ROWS.
+    // The rope output is viewed as a 1D tensor and offset based on a row index in row_indices.
+    if (set_rows_stride != 0) {
+        idst = i1 * s1 + i0;
+        idst += row_indices[i2] * set_rows_stride;
+    }
 
+    const auto & store_coaelsced = [&](float x0, float x1) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<float, D>) {
+            float2 v = make_float2(x0, x1);
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<8>(dst + idst, &v);
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<half, D>) {
+            half2 v = make_half2(x0, x1);
+            ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<4>(dst + idst, &v);
+        }
+    };
+    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
+        store_coaelsced(x[ix + 0], x[ix + 1]);
         return;
     }
 
-    const int row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const int channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-
-    const int idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
-    const int ix   = channel_x*s2 + row_x*s1 + i0;
-
-    const float theta_base = pos[channel_x]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    const float theta_base = pos[i2]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0/2] : 1.0f;
 
@@ -77,39 +109,61 @@ static __global__ void rope_norm(
     const float x0 = x[ix + 0];
     const float x1 = x[ix + 1];
 
-    dst[idst + 0] = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-    dst[idst + 1] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+    store_coaelsced(x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta, x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta);
 }
 
-template<bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
-static __global__ void rope_neox(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims,
-        const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-        const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors) {
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T, typename D>
+static __global__ void rope_neox(const T *            x,
+                                 D *                  dst,
+                                 const int            ne00,
+                                 const int            ne01,
+                                 const int            ne02,
+                                 const int            s01,
+                                 const int            s02,
+                                 const int            s03,
+                                 const int            s1,
+                                 const int            s2,
+                                 const int            s3,
+                                 const int            n_dims,
+                                 const int32_t *      pos,
+                                 const float          freq_scale,
+                                 const float          ext_factor,
+                                 const float          attn_factor,
+                                 const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                                 const float          theta_scale,
+                                 const float *        freq_factors,
+                                 const int64_t *      row_indices,
+                                 const int            set_rows_stride) {
     const int i0 = 2*(blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
 
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
     const int row_dst = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
-        const int i = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
 
-        dst[i + 0] = x[i + 0];
-        dst[i + 1] = x[i + 1];
+    int       idst = i0 / 2 + i1 * s1  + i2 * s2  + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix   = i0 / 2 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
 
-        return;
+    // Fusion optimization: ROPE + VIEW + SET_ROWS.
+    // The rope output is viewed as a 1D tensor and offset based on a row index in row_indices.
+    if (set_rows_stride != 0) {
+        idst = i1 * s1 + i0 / 2;
+        idst += row_indices[i2] * set_rows_stride;
     }
 
-    const int row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const int channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
+    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
+        dst[idst + i0 / 2 + 0] = ggml_cuda_cast<D>(x[ix + i0 / 2 + 0]);
+        dst[idst + i0 / 2 + 1] = ggml_cuda_cast<D>(x[ix + i0 / 2 + 1]);
 
-    const int idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0/2;
-    const int ix   = channel_x*s2 + row_x*s1 + i0/2;
+        return;
+    }
 
-    const float theta_base = pos[channel_x]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    const float theta_base = pos[i2]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0/2] : 1.0f;
 
@@ -121,54 +175,79 @@ static __global__ void rope_neox(
     const float x0 = x[ix + 0];
     const float x1 = x[ix + n_dims/2];
 
-    dst[idst + 0]        = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-    dst[idst + n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+    dst[idst + 0]          = ggml_cuda_cast<D>(x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta);
+    dst[idst + n_dims / 2] = ggml_cuda_cast<D>(x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta);
 }
 
-template<bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
-static __global__ void rope_multi(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int s1, const int s2,
-        const int n_dims, const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-        const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections) {
-    const int i0 = 2*(blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
-
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
+static __global__ void rope_multi(const T *            x,
+                                  T *                  dst,
+                                  const int            ne00,
+                                  const int            ne01,
+                                  const int            ne02,
+                                  const int            s01,
+                                  const int            s02,
+                                  const int            s03,
+                                  const int            s1,
+                                  const int            s2,
+                                  const int            s3,
+                                  const int            n_dims,
+                                  const int32_t *      pos,
+                                  const float          freq_scale,
+                                  const float          ext_factor,
+                                  const float          attn_factor,
+                                  const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                                  const float          theta_scale,
+                                  const float *        freq_factors,
+                                  const mrope_sections sections,
+                                  const bool           is_imrope) {
+    const int i0 = 2 * (blockDim.y * blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
+
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
     const int row_dst = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
-        const int i = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
 
-        dst[i + 0] = x[i + 0];
-        dst[i + 1] = x[i + 1];
+    int       idst = i0 / 2 + i1 * s1  + i2 * s2  + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix   = i0 / 2 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
+
+    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
+        dst[idst + i0/2 + 0] = x[ix + i0/2 + 0];
+        dst[idst + i0/2 + 1] = x[ix + i0/2 + 1];
 
         return;
     }
 
-    const int row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const int channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-
-    const int idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0/2;
-    const int ix   = channel_x*s2 + row_x*s1 + i0/2;
-
     const int sect_dims = sections.v[0] + sections.v[1] + sections.v[2] + sections.v[3];
     const int sec_w = sections.v[1] + sections.v[0];
     const int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
 
     float theta_base = 0.0;
-    if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x + ne2 * 1]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x + ne2 * 2]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x + ne2 * 3]*powf(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    if (is_imrope) {
+        if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * sections.v[1]) {         // h
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 1] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * sections.v[2]) {  // w
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 2] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * sections.v[0]) {  // t
+            theta_base = pos[i2] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 3] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 1] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 2] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 3] * powf(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        }
     }
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0/2] : 1.0f;
@@ -185,37 +264,53 @@ static __global__ void rope_multi(
     dst[idst + n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
 }
 
-template<bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
-static __global__ void rope_vision(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims,
-        const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
-        const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections) {
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
+static __global__ void rope_vision(const T *            x,
+                                   T *                  dst,
+                                   const int            ne00,
+                                   const int            ne01,
+                                   const int            ne02,
+                                   const int            s01,
+                                   const int            s02,
+                                   const int            s03,
+                                   const int            s1,
+                                   const int            s2,
+                                   const int            s3,
+                                   const int            n_dims,
+                                   const int32_t *      pos,
+                                   const float          freq_scale,
+                                   const float          ext_factor,
+                                   const float          attn_factor,
+                                   const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                                   const float          theta_scale,
+                                   const float *        freq_factors,
+                                   const mrope_sections sections) {
     const int i0 = 2*(blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
 
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
     const int row_dst = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    const int row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const int channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
 
-    const int idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0/2;
-    const int ix   = channel_x*s2 + row_x*s1 + i0/2;
+    int       idst = i0 / 2 + i1 * s1  + i2 * s2  + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix   = i0 / 2 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
 
     const int sect_dims = sections.v[0] + sections.v[1];
-    const int sec_w = sections.v[1] + sections.v[0];
-    const int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+    const int sec_w     = sections.v[1] + sections.v[0];
+    const int sector    = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
 
     float theta_base = 0.0;
     if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
         const int p = sector;
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x]*powf(theta_scale, p);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+        theta_base  = pos[i2] * powf(theta_scale, p);
+    } else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
         const int p = sector - sections.v[0];
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x + ne2]*powf(theta_scale, p);
+        theta_base  = pos[i2 + ne02] * powf(theta_scale, p);
     }
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0/2] : 1.0f;
@@ -232,83 +327,158 @@ static __global__ void rope_vision(
     dst[idst + n_dims] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
 }
 
-template<bool forward, typename T>
-static void rope_norm_cuda(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims, const int nr,
-        const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float freq_base, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-        const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
+template <bool forward, typename T, typename D>
+static void rope_norm_cuda(const T *            x,
+                           D *                  dst,
+                           const int            ne00,
+                           const int            ne01,
+                           const int            ne02,
+                           const int            s01,
+                           const int            s02,
+                           const int            s03,
+                           const int            s1,
+                           const int            s2,
+                           const int            s3,
+                           const int            n_dims,
+                           const int            nr,
+                           const int32_t *      pos,
+                           const float          freq_scale,
+                           const float          freq_base,
+                           const float          ext_factor,
+                           const float          attn_factor,
+                           const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                           const float *        freq_factors,
+                           const int64_t *      row_indices,
+                           const int            set_rows_stride,
+                           cudaStream_t         stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
     const dim3 block_dims(1, CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int n_blocks_x = (ne0 + 2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const int  n_blocks_x = (ne00 + 2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
     const dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
 
-    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
         rope_norm<forward, false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors);
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
     } else {
         rope_norm<forward, true><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors);
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
     }
 }
 
-template<bool forward, typename T>
-static void rope_neox_cuda(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims, const int nr,
-        const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float freq_base, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-        const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
+template <bool forward, typename T, typename D>
+static void rope_neox_cuda(const T *            x,
+                           D *                  dst,
+                           const int            ne00,
+                           const int            ne01,
+                           const int            ne02,
+                           const int            s01,
+                           const int            s02,
+                           const int            s03,
+                           const int            s1,
+                           const int            s2,
+                           const int            s3,
+                           const int            n_dims,
+                           const int            nr,
+                           const int32_t *      pos,
+                           const float          freq_scale,
+                           const float          freq_base,
+                           const float          ext_factor,
+                           const float          attn_factor,
+                           const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                           const float *        freq_factors,
+                           const int64_t *      row_indices,
+                           const int            set_rows_stride,
+                           cudaStream_t         stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
     const dim3 block_dims(1, CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int n_blocks_x = (ne0 + 2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const int  n_blocks_x = (ne00 + 2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
     const dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
 
-    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
-        rope_neox<forward, false, T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors);
+        rope_neox<forward, false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
     } else {
-        rope_neox<forward, true, T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors);
+        rope_neox<forward, true><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
     }
 }
 
-template<bool forward, typename T>
-static void rope_multi_cuda(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims, const int nr,
-        const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float freq_base, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-        const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
+template <bool forward, typename T>
+static void rope_multi_cuda(const T *            x,
+                            T *                  dst,
+                            const int            ne00,
+                            const int            ne01,
+                            const int            ne02,
+                            const int            s01,
+                            const int            s02,
+                            const int            s03,
+                            const int            s1,
+                            const int            s2,
+                            const int            s3,
+                            const int            n_dims,
+                            const int            nr,
+                            const int32_t *      pos,
+                            const float          freq_scale,
+                            const float          freq_base,
+                            const float          ext_factor,
+                            const float          attn_factor,
+                            const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                            const float *        freq_factors,
+                            const mrope_sections sections,
+                            const bool           is_imrope,
+                            cudaStream_t         stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
     const dim3 block_dims(1, CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int n_blocks_x = (ne0 + 2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const int  n_blocks_x = (ne00 + 2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
     const dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
 
-    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
         rope_multi<forward, false, T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections);
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, is_imrope);
     } else {
         rope_multi<forward, true, T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections);
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, is_imrope);
     }
 }
 
-template<bool forward, typename T>
-static void rope_vision_cuda(
-        const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims, const int nr,
-        const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float freq_base, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-        const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
+template <bool forward, typename T>
+static void rope_vision_cuda(const T *            x,
+                             T *                  dst,
+                             const int            ne00,
+                             const int            ne01,
+                             const int            ne02,
+                             const int            s01,
+                             const int            s02,
+                             const int            s03,
+                             const int            s1,
+                             const int            s2,
+                             const int            s3,
+                             const int            n_dims,
+                             const int            nr,
+                             const int32_t *      pos,
+                             const float          freq_scale,
+                             const float          freq_base,
+                             const float          ext_factor,
+                             const float          attn_factor,
+                             const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                             const float *        freq_factors,
+                             const mrope_sections sections,
+                             cudaStream_t         stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
     const dim3 block_dims(1, CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int n_blocks_x = (ne0 + 2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const int  n_blocks_x = (ne00 + 2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
     const dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
     // break down (head_dim, heads, seq) into (CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, x, heads * seq)
     // where x ~= ceil(head_dim / CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
@@ -317,17 +487,19 @@ static void rope_vision_cuda(
 
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
         rope_vision<forward, false, T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
             attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections);
     } else {
         rope_vision<forward, true, T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-            x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
+            x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
             attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections);
     }
 }
 
 template <bool forward>
-void ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+void ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                            ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                            const ggml_tensor *         set_rows = nullptr) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
     const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
@@ -335,12 +507,25 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
     const float * src0_d = (const float *)src0->data;
     const float * src1_d = (const float *)src1->data;
 
-    float * dst_d = (float *)dst->data;
+    void *          dst_d           = dst->data;
+    const int64_t * row_indices     = nullptr;
+    ggml_type       dst_type        = dst->type;
+    int             set_rows_stride = 0;
+
+    if (set_rows != nullptr) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(forward);
+        dst_d           = set_rows->data;
+        row_indices     = (const int64_t *) set_rows->src[1]->data;
+        dst_type        = set_rows->type;
+        set_rows_stride = set_rows->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(set_rows->type);
+    }
     cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    // When not fused, src0 and dst types must match
+    // When fused (ROPE+VIEW+SET_ROWS), src0 may be F32 and dst may be F16
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type || (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16));
 
     const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; // head dims
     const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; // num heads
@@ -349,6 +534,11 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
 
     const size_t s01 = src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const size_t s02 = src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t s03 = src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+
+    const size_t s1 = dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    const size_t s2 = dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    const size_t s3 = dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
     //const int n_past     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
     const int n_dims     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
@@ -375,6 +565,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
 
     const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
     const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    const bool is_imrope = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE;
     const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
 
     if (is_mrope) {
@@ -397,50 +588,64 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
 
     // compute
     if (is_neox) {
-        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_neox_cuda<forward>(
-                (const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, stream);
-        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_neox_cuda<forward>(
-                (const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, stream);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_neox_cuda<forward, float, float>((const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02,
+                                                  s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                                                  ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                                                  set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_neox_cuda<forward, float, half>((const float *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02,
+                                                 s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                                                 set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_neox_cuda<forward, half, half>((const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02,
+                                                s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                                                ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                                                set_rows_stride, stream);
         } else {
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
     } else if (is_mrope && !is_vision) {
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_multi_cuda<forward>(
-                (const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+            rope_multi_cuda<forward>((const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1,
+                                     s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor,
+                                     corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, is_imrope, stream);
         } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_multi_cuda<forward>(
-                (const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+            rope_multi_cuda<forward>((const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1,
+                                     s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor,
+                                     corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, is_imrope, stream);
         } else {
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
     } else if (is_vision) {
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_vision_cuda<forward>(
-                (const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+            rope_vision_cuda<forward>((const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1,
+                                      s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor,
+                                      corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
         } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_vision_cuda<forward>(
-                (const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
+            rope_vision_cuda<forward>((const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1,
+                                      s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor,
+                                      corr_dims, freq_factors, sections, stream);
         } else {
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
     } else {
-        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_norm_cuda<forward>(
-                (const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, stream);
-        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_norm_cuda<forward>(
-                (const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, s01, s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
-                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, stream);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_norm_cuda<forward, float, float>((const float *) src0_d, (float *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02,
+                                                  s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                                                  ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                                                  set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_norm_cuda<forward, float, half>((const float *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02,
+                                                 s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                                                 ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                                                 set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_norm_cuda<forward, half, half>((const half *) src0_d, (half *) dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02,
+                                                s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                                                ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                                                set_rows_stride, stream);
         } else {
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
@@ -454,3 +659,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_rope(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
 void ggml_cuda_op_rope_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl<false>(ctx, dst);
 }
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_rope_fused(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * rope, ggml_tensor * set_rows) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_rope_impl<true>(ctx, rope, set_rows);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cuh
index 9139f3b220d..72af086cd1b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/rope.cuh
@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@
 void ggml_cuda_op_rope(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_rope_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_rope_fused(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * set_rows);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/scale.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/scale.cu
index 1405e066e86..0ddeff6a175 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/scale.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/scale.cu
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 #include "scale.cuh"
 
-static __global__ void scale_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+#define MAX_GRIDDIM_X 0x7FFFFFFF
 
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
+static __global__ void scale_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const float bias, const int64_t nelements) {
+    int64_t tid = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * (int64_t)blockDim.x + (int64_t)threadIdx.x;
+    int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * (int64_t)gridDim.x;
 
-    dst[i] = scale * x[i];
+    for (int64_t i = tid; i < nelements; i += stride) {
+        dst[i] = scale * x[i] + bias;
+    }
 }
 
-static void scale_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    scale_f32<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, scale, k);
+static void scale_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const float bias, const int64_t nelements, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (nelements + CUDA_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    scale_f32<<<MIN(MAX_GRIDDIM_X, num_blocks), CUDA_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, scale, bias, nelements);
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_scale(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -25,7 +26,9 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_scale(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     float scale;
-    memcpy(&scale, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    float bias;
+    memcpy(&scale, (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&bias,  (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    scale_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, scale, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
+    scale_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, scale, bias, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set-rows.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set-rows.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..631de7e8fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set-rows.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+#include "set-rows.cuh"
+#include "cpy-utils.cuh"
+
+typedef void (*set_rows_kernel_t)(const char * src, char * dst);
+
+// Generic quantized set_rows kernel template
+template <typename idx_t, typename block_type, int qk, void (*quantize_func)(const float *, block_type *)>
+static __global__ void k_set_rows_quant(const float * __restrict__ src0,
+                                        const idx_t * __restrict__ src1,
+                                        block_type * __restrict__ dst,
+                                        const int64_t ne_total,
+                                        const int64_t ne10,
+                                        const int64_t ne11,
+                                        const int64_t ne12,
+                                        const int64_t ne13,
+                                        const int64_t s01,
+                                        const int64_t s02,
+                                        const int64_t s03,
+                                        const int64_t s10,
+                                        const int64_t s11,
+                                        const int64_t s12,
+                                        const int64_t s1,
+                                        const int64_t s2,
+                                        const int64_t s3,
+                                        const uint3   ne00,
+                                        const uint3   ne01,
+                                        const uint3   ne02,
+                                        const uint3   ne11_fd,
+                                        const uint3   ne12_fd) {
+    const int64_t i = int64_t(blockDim.x) * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= ne_total) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i_base = i * qk;
+    uint32_t      tmp    = (uint32_t) i_base;
+    uint2         div_mod;
+
+    div_mod           = fast_div_modulo(tmp, ne00);
+    const int64_t i00 = div_mod.y;
+    tmp               = div_mod.x;
+
+    div_mod           = fast_div_modulo(tmp, ne01);
+    const int64_t i01 = div_mod.y;
+    tmp               = div_mod.x;
+
+    div_mod           = fast_div_modulo(tmp, ne02);
+    const int64_t i02 = div_mod.y;
+    const int64_t i03 = div_mod.x;
+
+    const int64_t i12 = fastmodulo((uint32_t) i03, ne12_fd);
+    const int64_t i11 = fastmodulo((uint32_t) i02, ne11_fd);
+    const int64_t i10 = i01;
+
+    const int64_t dst_row = *(src1 + i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12);
+
+    const float * src0_row = src0 + i01*s01 + i02*s02 + i03*s03;
+    block_type * dst_row_ptr = dst + (dst_row*s1 + i02*s2 + i03*s3) / sizeof(block_type);
+
+    const float * src_block = src0_row + i00;
+    block_type * dst_block = dst_row_ptr + i00 / qk;
+
+    quantize_func(src_block, dst_block);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne10);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne11);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne12);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne13);
+}
+
+// Template dispatch function for quantized set_rows
+template<typename idx_t, typename block_type, int qk, void (*quantize_func)(const float*, block_type*)>
+static void set_rows_cuda_quant(
+        const float * src0_d, const idx_t * src1_d, block_type * dst_d,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t ne13,
+        const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
+        const size_t nb10, const size_t nb11, const size_t nb12,
+        const size_t nb1, const size_t nb2, const size_t nb3,
+        cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % qk == 0);
+    const int64_t ne_total = (ne00 * ne01 * ne02 * ne03) / qk;
+    const int num_blocks = (ne_total + CUDA_SET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_size(CUDA_SET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dim3 grid_size(num_blocks);
+
+    const int64_t s01 = nb01/sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t s02 = nb02/sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t s03 = nb03/sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t s10 = nb10/sizeof(idx_t);
+    const int64_t s11 = nb11/sizeof(idx_t);
+    const int64_t s12 = nb12/sizeof(idx_t);
+    const int64_t s1  = nb1;
+    const int64_t s2  = nb2;
+    const int64_t s3  = nb3;
+
+    if (ne_total > 0 && ne00 > 0 && ne01 > 0 && ne02 > 0 && ne11 > 0 && ne12 > 0) {
+        const uint3 ne00_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne00);
+        const uint3 ne01_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne01);
+        const uint3 ne02_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne02);
+        const uint3 ne11_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne11);
+        const uint3 ne12_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne12);
+
+        k_set_rows_quant<idx_t, block_type, qk, quantize_func><<<grid_size, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
+            src0_d, src1_d, dst_d, ne_total, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s01, s02, s03, s10, s11, s12, s1, s2, s3, ne00_fd,
+            ne01_fd, ne02_fd, ne11_fd, ne12_fd);
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename src_t, typename idx_t, typename dst_t>
+static __global__ void k_set_rows(const src_t * __restrict__ src0,
+                                  const idx_t * __restrict__ src1,
+                                  dst_t * __restrict__ dst,
+                                  const int64_t ne_total,
+                                  const int64_t ne10,
+                                  const int64_t ne11,
+                                  const int64_t ne12,
+                                  const int64_t ne13,
+                                  const int64_t s01,
+                                  const int64_t s02,
+                                  const int64_t s03,
+                                  const int64_t s10,
+                                  const int64_t s11,
+                                  const int64_t s12,
+                                  const int64_t s1,
+                                  const int64_t s2,
+                                  const int64_t s3,
+                                  const uint3   ne00,
+                                  const uint3   ne01,
+                                  const uint3   ne02,
+                                  const uint3   ne11_fd,
+                                  const uint3   ne12_fd) {
+    const int64_t i = int64_t(blockDim.x) * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= ne_total) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t tmp = (uint32_t) i;
+    uint2    div_mod;
+
+    div_mod           = fast_div_modulo(tmp, ne00);
+    const int64_t i00 = div_mod.y;
+    tmp               = div_mod.x;
+
+    div_mod           = fast_div_modulo(tmp, ne01);
+    const int64_t i01 = div_mod.y;
+    tmp               = div_mod.x;
+
+    div_mod           = fast_div_modulo(tmp, ne02);
+    const int64_t i02 = div_mod.y;
+    const int64_t i03 = div_mod.x;
+
+    const int64_t i12 = fastmodulo((uint32_t) i03, ne12_fd);
+    const int64_t i11 = fastmodulo((uint32_t) i02, ne11_fd);
+    const int64_t i10 = i01;
+
+    const int64_t dst_row = *(src1 + i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12);
+
+    const src_t * src0_row = src0 + i01*s01 + i02*s02 + i03*s03;
+    dst_t * dst_row_ptr    = dst + dst_row*s1 + i02*s2 + i03*s3;
+
+    dst_row_ptr[i00] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(src0_row[i00]);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne10);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne11);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne12);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne13);
+}
+
+template<typename src_t, typename idx_t, typename dst_t>
+static void set_rows_cuda(
+        const src_t * src0_d, const idx_t * src1_d, dst_t * dst_d,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t ne13,
+        const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
+        const size_t nb10, const size_t nb11, const size_t nb12,
+        const size_t nb1, const size_t nb2, const size_t nb3,
+        cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int64_t ne_total = ne00 * ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const int num_blocks = (ne_total + CUDA_SET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_size(CUDA_SET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dim3 grid_size(num_blocks);
+
+
+    const int64_t s01 = nb01/sizeof(src_t);
+    const int64_t s02 = nb02/sizeof(src_t);
+    const int64_t s03 = nb03/sizeof(src_t);
+    const int64_t s10 = nb10/sizeof(idx_t);
+    const int64_t s11 = nb11/sizeof(idx_t);
+    const int64_t s12 = nb12/sizeof(idx_t);
+    const int64_t s1  = nb1/sizeof(dst_t);
+    const int64_t s2  = nb2/sizeof(dst_t);
+    const int64_t s3  = nb3/sizeof(dst_t);
+
+    if (ne_total > 0 && ne00 > 0 && ne01 > 0 && ne02 > 0 && ne11 > 0 && ne12 > 0) {
+        const uint3 ne00_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne00);
+        const uint3 ne01_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne01);
+        const uint3 ne02_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne02);
+        const uint3 ne11_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne11);
+        const uint3 ne12_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne12);
+
+        k_set_rows<<<grid_size, block_size, 0, stream>>>(src0_d, src1_d, dst_d, ne_total, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s01,
+                                                         s02, s03, s10, s11, s12, s1, s2, s3, ne00_fd, ne01_fd, ne02_fd,
+                                                         ne11_fd, ne12_fd);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename src_t, typename idx_t>
+static void set_rows_cuda(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const src_t * src0_d = (const src_t *)src0->data;
+    const idx_t * src1_d = (const idx_t *)src1->data;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+
+    if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        set_rows_cuda(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (float*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        set_rows_cuda(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (half*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+        set_rows_cuda(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (nv_bfloat16*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        set_rows_cuda_quant<idx_t, block_q4_0, QK4_0, quantize_f32_q4_0_block>(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (block_q4_0*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        set_rows_cuda_quant<idx_t, block_q4_1, QK4_1, quantize_f32_q4_1_block>(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (block_q4_1*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0) {
+        set_rows_cuda_quant<idx_t, block_q5_0, QK5_0, quantize_f32_q5_0_block>(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (block_q5_0*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
+        set_rows_cuda_quant<idx_t, block_q5_1, QK5_1, quantize_f32_q5_1_block>(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (block_q5_1*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        set_rows_cuda_quant<idx_t, block_q8_0, QK8_0, quantize_f32_q8_0_block>(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (block_q8_0*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) {
+        set_rows_cuda_quant<idx_t, block_iq4_nl, QK4_NL, quantize_f32_iq4_nl_block>(
+            src0_d, src1_d, (block_iq4_nl*)dst->data,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+            nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            nb10, nb11, nb12,
+            nb1, nb2, nb3,
+            stream
+        );
+    } else {
+        GGML_ABORT("unsupported type %s", ggml_type_name(dst->type));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_set_rows(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        set_rows_cuda<float, int64_t>(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+    } else {
+        set_rows_cuda<float, int32_t>(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set-rows.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set-rows.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c140c0873c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set-rows.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_SET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_set_rows(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04bfe07ba03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "set.cuh"
+#include "cpy.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_set(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT((src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == src0->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst ->type == src0->type);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
+
+    const size_t nb1    = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
+    const size_t nb2    = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    const size_t nb3    = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
+    const size_t offset = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
+    const bool   inplace= (bool)     ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+
+    if (!inplace) {
+        ggml_cuda_cpy(ctx, src0, dst);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor dst_view = *dst;
+    dst_view.data  = (void *)((char *)dst->data + offset);
+    dst_view.ne[0] = src1->ne[0];
+    dst_view.ne[1] = src1->ne[1];
+    dst_view.ne[2] = src1->ne[2];
+    dst_view.ne[3] = src1->ne[3];
+
+    dst_view.nb[0] = ggml_element_size(dst);
+    dst_view.nb[1] = nb1;
+    dst_view.nb[2] = nb2;
+    dst_view.nb[3] = nb3;
+
+    ggml_cuda_cpy(ctx, src1, &dst_view);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dd09529f3e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/set.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_SET_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_set(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softcap.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softcap.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..40dfe45d65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softcap.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "softcap.cuh"
+
+static __global__ void softcap_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const float softcap, const int k) {
+    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dst[i] = tanhf(scale * x[i]) * softcap;
+}
+
+static void softcap_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const float softcap, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_SOFTCAP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_SOFTCAP_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    softcap_f32<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SOFTCAP_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, scale, softcap, k);
+}
+
+// fused GGML_OP_SCALE + GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH + GGML_OP_SCALE
+void ggml_cuda_op_softcap(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * src) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = src->src[0];
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *)src0->data;
+    float * dst_d = (float *)dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    float scale;
+    float softcap;
+    memcpy(&scale,   (float *) src->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&softcap, (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+
+    softcap_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, scale, softcap, ggml_nelements(src0), stream);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softcap.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softcap.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d34fb2bee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softcap.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_SOFTCAP_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_softcap(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * src);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu
index aac6e099988..285c0e9543a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu
@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "softmax.cuh"
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+#include <hip/hip_cooperative_groups.h>
+#else
+#include <cooperative_groups.h>
+#include <cooperative_groups/reduce.h>
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
 
 template <typename T>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float t2f32(T val) {
@@ -13,39 +22,67 @@ __device__ float __forceinline__ t2f32<half>(half val) {
     return __half2float(val);
 }
 
+struct soft_max_params {
+
+    int64_t nheads;
+    uint32_t n_head_log2;
+    int64_t ncols;
+    int64_t nrows_x;
+    int64_t nrows_y;
+    int64_t ne00;
+    int64_t ne01;
+    int64_t ne02;
+    int64_t ne03;
+    int64_t nb11;
+    int64_t nb12;
+    int64_t nb13;
+
+    int64_t ne12;
+    int64_t ne13;
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+    float m0;
+    float m1;
+};
+
 // When ncols_template == 0 the bounds for the loops in this function are not known and can't be unrolled.
-// As we want to keep pragma unroll for all other cases we supress the clang transformation warning here.
+// As we want to keep pragma unroll for all other cases we suppress the clang transformation warning here.
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpass-failed"
 #endif // __clang__
 template <bool use_shared, int ncols_template, int block_size_template, typename T>
 static __global__ void soft_max_f32(
-        const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par, const int nrows_y,
-        const float scale, const float max_bias, const float m0, const float m1, uint32_t n_head_log2) {
-    const int ncols = ncols_template == 0 ? ncols_par : ncols_template;
+        const float * x, const T * mask, const float * sinks, float * dst, const soft_max_params p) {
+    const int ncols = ncols_template == 0 ? p.ncols : ncols_template;
 
     const int tid  = threadIdx.x;
-    const int rowx = blockIdx.x;
-    const int rowy = rowx % nrows_y; // broadcast the mask in the row dimension
+
+    const int64_t i03 = blockIdx.z;
+    const int64_t i02 = blockIdx.y;
+    const int64_t i01 = blockIdx.x;
+
+    //TODO: noncontigous inputs/outputs
+    const int rowx = blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y * gridDim.x + blockIdx.z * gridDim.x * gridDim.y;
+
+    const int64_t i11 = i01;
+    const int64_t i12 = i02 % p.ne12;
+    const int64_t i13 = i03 % p.ne13;
 
     x    += int64_t(rowx)*ncols;
-    mask += int64_t(rowy)*ncols * (mask != nullptr);
+    mask += (i11*p.nb11 + i12*p.nb12 + i13*p.nb13) / sizeof(T) * (mask != nullptr);
     dst  += int64_t(rowx)*ncols;
 
     const int block_size = block_size_template == 0 ? blockDim.x : block_size_template;
 
-    const int warp_id = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
-    const int lane_id = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
-
-    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, rowx/nrows_y, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(p.max_bias, i02, p.n_head_log2, p.m0, p.m1);
 
     extern __shared__ float data_soft_max_f32[];
     float * buf_iw = data_soft_max_f32; // shared memory buffer for inter-warp communication
     // shared memory buffer to cache values between iterations:
     float * vals = use_shared ? buf_iw + WARP_SIZE : dst;
 
-    float max_val = -INFINITY;
+    float max_val = sinks ? sinks[i02] : -INFINITY;
 
 #pragma unroll
     for (int col0 = 0; col0 < ncols; col0 += block_size) {
@@ -55,28 +92,14 @@ static __global__ void soft_max_f32(
             break;
         }
 
-        const float val = x[col]*scale + (mask ? slope*t2f32(mask[col]) : 0.0f);
+        const float val = x[col]*p.scale + (mask ? slope*t2f32(mask[col]) : 0.0f);
 
         vals[col] = val;
         max_val = max(max_val, val);
     }
 
     // find the max value in the block
-    max_val = warp_reduce_max(max_val);
-    if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        if (warp_id == 0) {
-            buf_iw[lane_id] = -INFINITY;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            buf_iw[warp_id] = max_val;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        max_val = buf_iw[lane_id];
-        max_val = warp_reduce_max(max_val);
-    }
+    max_val = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::MAX, block_size_template>(max_val, buf_iw);
 
     float tmp = 0.0f; // partial sum
 
@@ -94,21 +117,10 @@ static __global__ void soft_max_f32(
     }
 
     // find the sum of exps in the block
-    tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
-    if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        __syncthreads();
-        if (warp_id == 0) {
-            buf_iw[lane_id] = 0.0f;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            buf_iw[warp_id] = tmp;
-        }
-        __syncthreads();
+    tmp = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM, block_size_template>(tmp, buf_iw);
 
-        tmp = buf_iw[lane_id];
-        tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp);
+    if (sinks) {
+        tmp += expf(sinks[i02] - max_val);
     }
 
     const float inv_sum = 1.0f / tmp;
@@ -124,6 +136,113 @@ static __global__ void soft_max_f32(
         dst[col] = vals[col] * inv_sum;
     }
 }
+
+// TODO: Template to allow keeping ncols in registers if they fit
+static __device__ void soft_max_f32_parallelize_cols_single_row(const float * __restrict__ x,
+                                                                float * __restrict__ dst,
+                                                                float * __restrict__ tmp_maxs,
+                                                                float * __restrict__ tmp_sums,
+                                                                const soft_max_params p) {
+    namespace cg = cooperative_groups;
+
+    const cg::grid_group g = cg::this_grid();
+
+    const int tid               = threadIdx.x;
+    const int col_start         = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + tid;
+    const int n_elem_per_thread = 4;
+
+    float     local_vals[n_elem_per_thread] = { -INFINITY, -INFINITY, -INFINITY, -INFINITY };
+    float     local_max                     = -INFINITY;
+    const int step_size                     = gridDim.x * blockDim.x;
+    __shared__ float shared_vals[32];
+
+    // Compute thread-local max
+    for (int col = col_start; col < p.ncols;) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_elem_per_thread; i++) {
+            const int idx = col + i * step_size;
+            local_vals[i] = idx < p.ncols ? x[idx] : -INFINITY;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_elem_per_thread; i++) {
+            local_max = fmaxf(local_max, local_vals[i]);
+        }
+        col += step_size * n_elem_per_thread;
+    }
+
+    // Compute CTA-level max
+    local_max = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::MAX>(local_max, shared_vals);
+
+    // Store CTA-level max to GMEM
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        tmp_maxs[blockIdx.x] = local_max;
+    }
+    g.sync();
+
+    // Compute compute global max from CTA-level maxs
+    assert(gridDim.x < blockDim.x);  // currently we only support this case
+    if (tid < gridDim.x) {
+        local_max = tmp_maxs[tid];
+    } else {
+        local_max = -INFINITY;
+    }
+    local_max = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::MAX>(local_max, shared_vals);
+
+    // Compute softmax dividends, accumulate divisor
+    float tmp_expf = 0.0f;
+    for (int col = col_start; col < p.ncols;) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_elem_per_thread; i++) {
+            const int idx = col + i * step_size;
+            local_vals[i] = idx < p.ncols ? x[idx] : -INFINITY;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_elem_per_thread; i++) {
+            const int idx = col + i * step_size;
+            if (idx < p.ncols) {
+                const float tmp = expf(local_vals[i] - local_max);
+                tmp_expf += tmp;
+                dst[idx] = tmp;
+            }
+        }
+        col += step_size * n_elem_per_thread;
+    }
+
+    // Reduce divisor within CTA
+    tmp_expf = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM>(tmp_expf, shared_vals);
+
+    // Store CTA-level sum to GMEM
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        tmp_sums[blockIdx.x] = tmp_expf;
+    }
+    g.sync();
+
+    // Compute global sum from CTA-level sums
+    if (tid < gridDim.x) {
+        tmp_expf = tmp_sums[tid];
+    } else {
+        tmp_expf = 0.0f;
+    }
+    tmp_expf = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM>(tmp_expf, shared_vals);
+
+    // Divide dividend by global sum + store data
+    for (int col = col_start; col < p.ncols;) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_elem_per_thread; i++) {
+            const int idx = col + i * step_size;
+            local_vals[i] = idx < p.ncols ? dst[idx] : -INFINITY;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_elem_per_thread; i++) {
+            const int idx = col + i * step_size;
+            if (idx < p.ncols) {
+                dst[idx] = local_vals[i] / tmp_expf;
+            }
+        }
+        col += step_size * n_elem_per_thread;
+    }
+}
+
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif // __clang__
@@ -150,64 +269,97 @@ static __global__ void soft_max_back_f32(
     }
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-static void soft_max_f32_cuda(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x, const int nrows_y, const float scale, const float max_bias, cudaStream_t stream) {
+template<int... Ns, typename T>
+static void launch_soft_max_kernels(const float * x, const T * mask, const float * sinks, float * dst,
+                             const soft_max_params & p, cudaStream_t stream, dim3 block_dims, dim3 block_nums, size_t nbytes_shared)
+{
+    const int id       = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const size_t smpbo = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].smpbo;
+
+    auto launch_kernel = [=](auto I) -> bool {
+        constexpr int ncols = decltype(I)::value;
+        constexpr int block = (ncols > 1024 ? 1024 : ncols);
+
+        if (p.ncols == ncols) {
+            CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT((soft_max_f32<true, ncols, block, T>), smpbo);
+            soft_max_f32<true, ncols, block><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
+                (x, mask, sinks, dst, p);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    // unary fold over launch_kernel
+    if ((launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, Ns>{}) || ...)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //default case
+    CUDA_SET_SHARED_MEMORY_LIMIT((soft_max_f32<true, 0, 0, T>), smpbo);
+    soft_max_f32<true, 0, 0><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>(x, mask, sinks, dst, p);
+}
+
+__launch_bounds__(8*WARP_SIZE, 1) static __global__ void soft_max_f32_parallelize_cols(const float * __restrict__ x,
+                                                     float * __restrict__ dst,
+                                                     float * __restrict__ tmp_maxs,
+                                                     float * __restrict__ tmp_sums,
+                                                     const soft_max_params p)
+// We loop over all instead of parallelizing across gridDim.y as cooperative groups
+// currently only support synchronizing the complete grid if not launched as a cluster group
+// (which requires CC > 9.0)
+// https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-programming-guide/05-appendices/device-callable-apis.html#grid-synchronization
+// https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-programming-guide/05-appendices/device-callable-apis.html#class-cluster-group
+{
+    for (int rowx = 0; rowx < p.ne01 * p.ne02 * p.ne03; rowx++) {
+        soft_max_f32_parallelize_cols_single_row(x + int64_t(rowx) * p.ncols, dst + int64_t(rowx) * p.ncols, tmp_maxs,
+                                                 tmp_sums, p);
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void soft_max_f32_cuda(const float *                                x,
+                              const T *                                    mask,
+                              const float *                                sinks,
+                              float *                                      dst,
+                              const soft_max_params &                      params,
+                              cudaStream_t                                 stream,
+                              [[maybe_unused]] ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx) {
     int nth = WARP_SIZE;
+    const int64_t ncols_x = params.ncols;
+
     while (nth < ncols_x && nth < CUDA_SOFT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) nth *= 2;
     const dim3 block_dims(nth,     1, 1);
-    const dim3 block_nums(nrows_x, 1, 1);
+    const dim3 block_nums(params.ne01, params.ne02, params.ne03);
     const size_t nbytes_shared = (GGML_PAD(ncols_x, WARP_SIZE) + WARP_SIZE)*sizeof(float);
     static_assert(CUDA_SOFT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE == 1024, "These values need to be adjusted.");
 
-    const uint32_t n_head      = nrows_x/nrows_y;
-    const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
 
-    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
-    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+    const int id       = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const size_t smpbo = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].smpbo;
 
-    // FIXME: this limit could be raised by ~2-4x on Ampere or newer
-    if (nbytes_shared < ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].smpb) {
-        switch (ncols_x) {
-            case 32:
-                soft_max_f32<true,   32,   32><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            case 64:
-                soft_max_f32<true,   64,   64><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            case 128:
-                soft_max_f32<true,  128,  128><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            case 256:
-                soft_max_f32<true,  256,  256><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            case 512:
-                soft_max_f32<true,  512,  512><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            case 1024:
-                soft_max_f32<true, 1024, 1024><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            case 2048:
-                soft_max_f32<true, 2048, 1024><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            case 4096:
-                soft_max_f32<true, 4096, 1024><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-            default:
-                soft_max_f32<true,    0,    0><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared, stream>>>
-                    (x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                break;
-        }
+
+    if (nbytes_shared <= smpbo) {
+        launch_soft_max_kernels<32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096>(x, mask, sinks, dst, params, stream, block_dims, block_nums, nbytes_shared);
     } else {
-        const size_t nbytes_shared_low = WARP_SIZE*sizeof(float);
-        soft_max_f32<false, 0, 0><<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_low, stream>>>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
+        // Parallelize across SMs for top-p/dist-sampling
+        // The heuristic for parallelizing rows across SMs vs parallelizing single row & looping over all rows was done on the basis of a B6000 GPU and
+        // Can be adapted further for lower-SM-count GPUs, though keeping data in registers should be implemented first as that is the optimal solution.
+        if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].supports_cooperative_launch &&
+            ncols_x / (params.ne01 * params.ne02 * params.ne03) > 8192 && mask == nullptr && sinks == nullptr &&
+            params.scale == 1.0f && params.max_bias == 0.0f) {
+            ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float> tmp_maxs_alloc(ctx.pool(), ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].nsm * sizeof(float));
+            ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float> tmp_sums_alloc(ctx.pool(), ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].nsm * sizeof(float));
+
+            void * kernel_args[] = { (void *) &x, (void *) &dst, (void *) &tmp_maxs_alloc.ptr,
+                                     (void *) &tmp_sums_alloc.ptr, (void *) const_cast<soft_max_params *>(&params) };
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaLaunchCooperativeKernel((void *) soft_max_f32_parallelize_cols,
+                                                   dim3(ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].nsm, 1, 1),
+                                                   dim3(WARP_SIZE * 8, 1, 1), kernel_args, 0, stream));
+        } else {
+            const size_t nbytes_shared_low = WARP_SIZE * sizeof(float);
+            soft_max_f32<false, 0, 0>
+                <<<block_nums, block_dims, nbytes_shared_low, stream>>>(x, mask, sinks, dst, params);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -223,9 +375,11 @@ static void soft_max_back_f32_cuda(
 void ggml_cuda_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
 
     const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
     const void  * src1_d = src1 ? (const void *) src1->data : nullptr;
+    const void  * src2_d = src2 ? (const void *) src2->data : nullptr;
     float       *  dst_d = (float *) dst->data;
 
     cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
@@ -235,10 +389,11 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32); // src1 contains mask and it is optional
 
-    const int64_t ne00    = src0->ne[0];
     const int64_t nrows_x = ggml_nrows(src0);
     const int64_t nrows_y = src0->ne[1];
 
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+
     float scale    = 1.0f;
     float max_bias = 0.0f;
 
@@ -247,10 +402,44 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     const bool use_f16 = (src1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
+    const int64_t nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 1;
+    const int64_t nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 1;
+    const int64_t nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 1;
+
+    const int64_t ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 1;
+    const int64_t ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 1;
+
+    const uint32_t n_head      = src0->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
+
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+
+    soft_max_params params = {};
+    params.nheads = src0->ne[2];
+    params.n_head_log2 = n_head_log2;
+    params.ncols = ne00;
+    params.nrows_x = nrows_x;
+    params.nrows_y = nrows_y;
+    params.ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    params.ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    params.ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    params.ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    params.nb11 = nb11;
+    params.nb12 = nb12;
+    params.nb13 = nb13;
+    params.ne12 = ne12;
+    params.ne13 = ne13;
+    params.scale = scale;
+    params.max_bias = max_bias;
+    params.m0 = m0;
+    params.m1 = m1;
+
     if (use_f16) {
-        soft_max_f32_cuda(src0_d, (const half  *) src1_d, dst_d, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, stream);
+        soft_max_f32_cuda(src0_d, (const half *) src1_d, (const float *) src2_d, dst_d, params, stream, ctx);
     } else {
-        soft_max_f32_cuda(src0_d, (const float *) src1_d, dst_d, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, stream);
+        soft_max_f32_cuda(src0_d, (const float *) src1_d, (const float *) src2_d, dst_d, params, stream, ctx);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/solve_tri.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/solve_tri.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07ca33f513b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/solve_tri.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "solve_tri.cuh"
+
+#define MAX_N_FAST 64
+#define MAX_K_FAST 32
+
+static __global__ void get_batch_pointers(const float *  A,
+                                          float *        X,
+                                          const float ** A_ptrs,
+                                          float **       X_ptrs,
+                                          int64_t        ne02,
+                                          int64_t        total_batches,
+                                          size_t         s02,
+                                          size_t         s03,
+                                          size_t         s2,
+                                          size_t         s3) {
+    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    if (idx >= total_batches) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i3 = idx / ne02;
+    const int64_t i2 = idx % ne02;
+
+    A_ptrs[idx] = A + i3 * s03 + i2 * s02;
+    X_ptrs[idx] = X + i3 * s3 + i2 * s2;
+}
+
+static void solve_tri_f32_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                                 const float *               A,
+                                 const float *               B,
+                                 float *                     X,
+                                 int                         n,
+                                 int                         k,
+                                 int64_t                     ne02,
+                                 int64_t                     ne03,
+                                 size_t                      s02,
+                                 size_t                      s03,
+                                 size_t                      s12,
+                                 size_t                      s13,
+                                 size_t                      s2,
+                                 size_t                      s3,
+                                 cudaStream_t                stream) {
+    const float   alpha         = 1.0f;
+    const int64_t total_batches = ne02 * ne03;
+    if (total_batches == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Bulk copy B -> X (contiguous tensors)
+    if (X != B) {
+        const int64_t total_elements_BX = n * k * total_batches;
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(X, B, total_elements_BX * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream));
+    }
+
+    const int id = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<const float *> A_ptrs_alloc(ctx.pool(id), total_batches);
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float *>       X_ptrs_alloc(ctx.pool(id), total_batches);
+
+    const float ** A_ptrs_dev = A_ptrs_alloc.get();
+    float **       X_ptrs_dev = X_ptrs_alloc.get();
+
+    get_batch_pointers<<<(total_batches + 255) / 256, 256, 0, stream>>>(A, X, A_ptrs_dev, X_ptrs_dev, ne02,
+                                                                        total_batches, s02, s03, s2, s3);
+
+    CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetStream(ctx.cublas_handle(id), stream));
+
+    // Yes, this is necessary, without this we get RMSE errors
+    CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetMathMode(ctx.cublas_handle(id), CUBLAS_DEFAULT_MATH));
+    CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasStrsmBatched(ctx.cublas_handle(id), CUBLAS_SIDE_RIGHT, CUBLAS_FILL_MODE_UPPER, CUBLAS_OP_N,
+                                    CUBLAS_DIAG_NON_UNIT, k, n, &alpha, A_ptrs_dev, n, X_ptrs_dev, k, total_batches));
+
+    // revert to standard mode from common.cuh
+    CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetMathMode(ctx.cublas_handle(id), CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH));
+
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(s12, s13);
+}
+
+// ======================
+// Fast Kernel (n <= 64, k <= 32) - Warp-based parallel reduction
+// ======================
+// When ncols_template == 0 the bounds for the loops in this function are not
+// known and can't be unrolled. As we want to keep pragma unroll for all other
+// cases we suppress the clang transformation warning here.
+#ifdef __clang__
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpass-failed"
+#endif  // __clang__
+template <int n_template, int k_template>
+static __global__ void solve_tri_f32_fast(const float * __restrict__ A,
+                                          const float * __restrict__ B,
+                                          float * __restrict__ X,
+                                          const uint3  ne02,
+                                          const size_t nb02,
+                                          const size_t nb03,
+                                          const size_t nb12,
+                                          const size_t nb13,
+                                          const size_t nb2,
+                                          const size_t nb3,
+                                          const int    n_arg,
+                                          const int    k_arg) {
+    const int n = n_template == 0 ? n_arg : n_template;
+    const int k = k_template == 0 ? k_arg : k_template;
+
+    const int batch_idx = blockIdx.x;
+    const int lane      = threadIdx.x;
+    const int col_idx   = threadIdx.y;
+
+    if (col_idx >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint2   i02_i03 = fast_div_modulo(batch_idx, ne02);
+    const int64_t i02     = i02_i03.y;
+    const int64_t i03     = i02_i03.x;
+
+    const float * const A_batch = (const float *) (A + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03);
+    const float * const B_batch = (const float *) (B + i02 * nb12 + i03 * nb13);
+    float *             X_batch = (float *) (X + i02 * nb2 + i03 * nb3);
+
+    __shared__ float sA[MAX_N_FAST * MAX_N_FAST];
+
+    const int offset = threadIdx.x + threadIdx.y * blockDim.x;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < n * n; i += k * WARP_SIZE) {
+        const int i0 = i + offset;
+        if (i0 < n * n) {
+            sA[i0] = A_batch[i0];
+        }
+    }
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    float x_low  = (lane < n) ? B_batch[lane * k + col_idx] : 0.0f;
+    float x_high = (WARP_SIZE + lane < n) ? B_batch[(WARP_SIZE + lane) * k + col_idx] : 0.0f;
+
+    const int half      = WARP_SIZE;
+    const int nrows_low = (n < half) ? n : half;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int row = 0; row < nrows_low; ++row) {
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+        if (lane < row) {
+            sum += sA[row * n + lane] * x_low;
+        }
+        sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);
+
+        if (lane == row) {
+            x_low = (x_low - sum) / sA[row * n + row];
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int row = half; row < n; ++row) {
+        float     sum = sA[row * n + lane] * x_low;
+        const int j   = half + lane;
+        if (j < row) {
+            sum += sA[row * n + j] * x_high;
+        }
+        sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);
+
+        if (lane == row - half) {
+            x_high = (x_high - sum) / sA[row * n + row];
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int rr = 0; rr < 2; ++rr) {
+        const int row = rr * WARP_SIZE + lane;
+        if (row < n) {
+            const float val            = (row < half) ? x_low : x_high;
+            X_batch[row * k + col_idx] = val;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#ifdef __clang__
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+static void solve_tri_f32_cuda(const float * A,
+                               const float * B,
+                               float *       X,
+                               int           n,
+                               int           k,
+                               int64_t       ne02,
+                               int64_t       ne03,
+                               size_t        nb02,
+                               size_t        nb03,
+                               size_t        nb12,
+                               size_t        nb13,
+                               size_t        nb2,
+                               size_t        nb3,
+                               cudaStream_t  stream) {
+    const uint3 ne02_fd = init_fastdiv_values((uint32_t) ne02);
+    dim3        threads(WARP_SIZE, k);
+    dim3        grid(ne02 * ne03);
+    if (n == 64) {
+        switch (k) {
+            case 32:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 32>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 16:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 16>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 14:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 14>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 12:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 12>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 10:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 10>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 8:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 8>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 6:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 6>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 4>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 2>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<64, 1>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, 0, 0);
+                break;
+            default:
+                solve_tri_f32_fast<0, 0>
+                    <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, n, k);
+        }
+    } else {  // run general case
+        solve_tri_f32_fast<0, 0>
+            <<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(A, B, X, ne02_fd, nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3, n, k);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_solve_tri(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // A (n×n, lower triangular)
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // B (n×k)
+
+    ggml_is_contiguous(src0);
+    ggml_is_contiguous(src1);
+
+    const int64_t n    = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t k    = src1->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    if (n <= MAX_N_FAST && k <= MAX_K_FAST) {
+        solve_tri_f32_cuda((const float *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (float *) dst->data, n, k,
+                           src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src0->nb[2] / sizeof(float), src0->nb[3] / sizeof(float),
+                           src1->nb[2] / sizeof(float), src1->nb[3] / sizeof(float), dst->nb[2] / sizeof(float),
+                           dst->nb[3] / sizeof(float), ctx.stream());
+    } else {
+        solve_tri_f32_cublas(ctx, (const float *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (float *) dst->data, n, k,
+                             ne02, ne03, src0->nb[2] / sizeof(float), src0->nb[3] / sizeof(float),
+                             src1->nb[2] / sizeof(float), src1->nb[3] / sizeof(float), dst->nb[2] / sizeof(float),
+                             dst->nb[3] / sizeof(float), ctx.stream());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/solve_tri.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/solve_tri.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..639992396a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/solve_tri.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_solve_tri(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cu
index f6375719637..69985cd335c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cu
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "ssm-conv.cuh"
+#include "unary.cuh"
 
-template <size_t split_d_inner, size_t d_conv>
+template <bool apply_silu, size_t split_d_inner, size_t d_conv>
 static __global__ void ssm_conv_f32(const float * __restrict__ src0, const float * __restrict__ src1,
                                     const int src0_nb0, const int src0_nb1, const int src0_nb2, const int src1_nb1,
                                     float * __restrict__ dst, const int dst_nb0, const int dst_nb1, const int dst_nb2,
@@ -41,11 +42,11 @@ static __global__ void ssm_conv_f32(const float * __restrict__ src0, const float
         for (size_t j = 0; j < d_conv; j++) {
             sumf += x[(i + j) % d_conv] * w[j];
         }
-        y_block[i * stride_y + tid] = sumf;
+        y_block[i * stride_y + tid] = apply_silu ? ggml_cuda_op_silu_single(sumf) : sumf;
     }
 }
 
-template <size_t split_d_inner, size_t d_conv, int64_t split_n_t>
+template <bool apply_silu, size_t split_d_inner, size_t d_conv, int64_t split_n_t>
 static __global__ void ssm_conv_long_token_f32(const float * __restrict__ src0, const float * __restrict__ src1,
                                                const int src0_nb0, const int src0_nb1, const int src0_nb2,
                                                const int src1_nb1, float * __restrict__ dst, const int dst_nb0,
@@ -65,36 +66,49 @@ static __global__ void ssm_conv_long_token_f32(const float * __restrict__ src0,
     const int stride_w = src1_nb1 / sizeof(float);
     const int stride_y = dst_nb1 / sizeof(float);
 
-    float x[d_conv] = { 0.0f };
-    float w[d_conv] = { 0.0f };
+    const int64_t local_n_t = min(split_n_t, n_t - bidz * split_n_t);
+    const int     n_cols    = d_conv - 1 + split_n_t;
+
+    extern __shared__ float smem[];
 
+    constexpr int load_cols   = d_conv - 1 + split_n_t;
+    constexpr int total_elems = split_d_inner * load_cols;
+    int row = tid / load_cols;
+    int col = tid % load_cols;
 #pragma unroll
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < d_conv; j++) {
-        w[j] = w_block[tid * stride_w + j];
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < total_elems; idx += split_d_inner) {
+        if (row < (int)split_d_inner) {
+            smem[row * n_cols + col] = x_block[row * stride_x + col];
+        }
+
+        col += split_d_inner;
+        row += col / load_cols;
+        col  = col % load_cols;
+        if (idx >= total_elems - tid - split_d_inner) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
+    __syncthreads();
 
+    // Load weights into registers (done once, small)
+    float w[d_conv] = { 0.0f };
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int64_t i = 0; i < split_n_t; i++) {
-        if (bidz * split_n_t + i < n_t) {
-            float sumf = 0.0f;
-
-            if (i == 0) {
-                for (size_t j = 0; j < d_conv; j++) {
-                    x[j] = x_block[tid * stride_x + j];
-                }
-            } else {
-                x[(i - 1) % d_conv] = x_block[tid * stride_x + i + d_conv - 1];
-            }
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < d_conv; j++) {
+        w[j] = w_block[tid * stride_w + j];
+    }
 
+    // Compute from shared memory
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < local_n_t; i++) {
+        float sumf = 0.0f;
 #pragma unroll
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < d_conv; j++) {
-                sumf += x[(i + j) % d_conv] * w[j];
-            }
-            y_block[i * stride_y + tid] = sumf;
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < d_conv; j++) {
+            sumf += smem[tid * n_cols + i + j] * w[j];
         }
+        y_block[i * stride_y + tid] = apply_silu ? ggml_cuda_op_silu_single(sumf) : sumf;
     }
 }
 
+template <bool apply_silu>
 static void ssm_conv_f32_cuda(const float * src0, const float * src1, const int src0_nb0, const int src0_nb1,
                               const int src0_nb2, const int src1_nb1, float * dst, const int dst_nb0, const int dst_nb1,
                               const int dst_nb2, const int64_t nc, const int64_t nr, const int64_t n_t,
@@ -102,47 +116,59 @@ static void ssm_conv_f32_cuda(const float * src0, const float * src1, const int
     const int threads = 128;
     GGML_ASSERT(nr % threads == 0);
 
-    if (n_t <= 32) {
-        const dim3 blocks(n_s, (nr + threads - 1) / threads, 1);
-        if (nc == 4) {
-            ssm_conv_f32<threads, 4><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(src0, src1, src0_nb0, src0_nb1, src0_nb2, src1_nb1,
-                                                                     dst, dst_nb0, dst_nb1, dst_nb2, n_t);
+    auto launch_kernel = [&](auto NC) {
+        constexpr int kNC = decltype(NC)::value;
+        if (n_t <= 32) {
+            const dim3 blocks(n_s, (nr + threads - 1) / threads, 1);
+            ssm_conv_f32<apply_silu, threads, kNC><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(src0, src1, src0_nb0, src0_nb1, src0_nb2, src1_nb1,
+                                                                       dst, dst_nb0, dst_nb1, dst_nb2, n_t);
         } else {
-            GGML_ABORT("Only support kernel size = 4  now.");
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (nc == 4) {
             const int64_t split_n_t = 32;
             dim3          blocks(n_s, (nr + threads - 1) / threads, (n_t + split_n_t - 1) / split_n_t);
-            ssm_conv_long_token_f32<threads, 4, split_n_t><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
+            const size_t  smem_size = threads * (kNC - 1 + split_n_t) * sizeof(float);
+            ssm_conv_long_token_f32<apply_silu, threads, kNC, split_n_t><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
                 src0, src1, src0_nb0, src0_nb1, src0_nb2, src1_nb1, dst, dst_nb0, dst_nb1, dst_nb2, n_t);
-        } else {
-            GGML_ABORT("Only support kernel size = 4 right now.");
         }
+    };
+
+    switch (nc) {
+        case 3: launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, 3>{}); break;
+        case 4: launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, 4>{}); break;
+        case 9: launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, 9>{}); break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("Only support kernel sizes 3, 4, 9 right now.");
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+void ggml_cuda_op_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * silu_dst) {
     const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // conv_x
     const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // conv1d.weight
+    const bool fuse_silu = silu_dst != nullptr;
+
+    // When fusing, write to silu_dst (the node downstream references).
+    const struct ggml_tensor * out = fuse_silu ? silu_dst : dst;
 
     const int64_t nc  = src1->ne[0];                // d_conv
     const int64_t nr  = src0->ne[1];                // d_inner
-    const int64_t n_t = dst->ne[1];                 // tokens per sequence
-    const int64_t n_s = dst->ne[2];                 // number of sequences in the batch
+    const int64_t n_t = out->ne[1];                 // tokens per sequence
+    const int64_t n_s = out->ne[2];                 // number of sequences in the batch
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(out->ne[0] == nr);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[1] == src0->ne[0] * sizeof(float));
 
     const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
     const float * src1_d = (const float *) src1->data;
-    float *       dst_d  = (float *) dst->data;
+    float *       dst_d  = (float *) out->data;
     cudaStream_t  stream = ctx.stream();
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    ssm_conv_f32_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src1->nb[1], dst_d, dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1],
-                      dst->nb[2], nc, nr, n_t, n_s, stream);
+    GGML_ASSERT(out->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    if (fuse_silu) {
+        ssm_conv_f32_cuda<true>(src0_d, src1_d, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src1->nb[1], dst_d, out->nb[0], out->nb[1],
+                          out->nb[2], nc, nr, n_t, n_s, stream);
+    } else {
+        ssm_conv_f32_cuda<false>(src0_d, src1_d, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src1->nb[1], dst_d, out->nb[0], out->nb[1],
+                          out->nb[2], nc, nr, n_t, n_s, stream);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cuh
index 8e6c1f00bfa..f96a1cd2484 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cuh
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 
-void ggml_cuda_op_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_cuda_op_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * silu_dst = nullptr);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-scan.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-scan.cu
index 2d34b836054..c1d4e2bc8df 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-scan.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ssm-scan.cu
@@ -1,107 +1,296 @@
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11070
+#define USE_CUB
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11070
+
+#ifdef USE_CUB
+#include <cub/cub.cuh>
+using namespace cub;
+#endif // USE_CUB
+
 #include "ssm-scan.cuh"
 
-template <size_t splitD, size_t N>
-__global__ void __launch_bounds__(splitD, 2)
-    ssm_scan_f32(const float * __restrict__ src0, const float * __restrict__ src1, const float * __restrict__ src2,
-                 const float * __restrict__ src3, const float * __restrict__ src4, const float * __restrict__ src5,
-                 const int src0_nb1, const int src0_nb2, const int src1_nb0, const int src1_nb1, const int src1_nb2,
-                 const int src1_nb3, const int src2_nb0, const int src2_nb1, const int src2_nb2, const int src3_nb1,
-                 const int src4_nb1, const int src4_nb2, const int src5_nb1, const int src5_nb2,
-                 float * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t L) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(src1_nb0);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src2_nb0);
-
-    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size();
-    const int bidx = blockIdx.x;  // split along B
-    const int bidy = blockIdx.y;  // split along D
-    const int tid  = threadIdx.x;
-    const int wid  = tid / 32;
-    const int wtid = tid % 32;
-
-    extern __shared__ float smem[];
-    const int               stride_sA  = N + 1;
-    const int               stride_ss0 = N + 1;
-    float *                 smem_A     = smem;
-    float *                 smem_s0    = smem_A + splitD * stride_sA;
-
-    const float * s0_block = (const float *) ((const char *) src0 + bidx * src0_nb2 + bidy * splitD * src0_nb1);
-    const float * x_block  = (const float *) ((const char *) src1 + (bidx * src1_nb2) + bidy * splitD * sizeof(float));
-    const float * dt_block = (const float *) ((const char *) src2 + (bidx * src2_nb2) + bidy * splitD * sizeof(float));
-    const float * A_block  = (const float *) ((const char *) src3 + bidy * splitD * src3_nb1);
-    const float * B_block  = (const float *) ((const char *) src4 + (bidx * src4_nb2));
-    const float * C_block  = (const float *) ((const char *) src5 + (bidx * src5_nb2));
-    float *       y_block  = (float *) ((char *) dst + (bidx * src1_nb2) + bidy * splitD * sizeof(float));
-    float *       s_block  = (float *) ((char *) dst + src1_nb3 + bidx * src0_nb2 + bidy * splitD * src0_nb1);
-
-    const int stride_s0 = src0_nb1 / sizeof(float);
-    const int stride_x  = src1_nb1 / sizeof(float);
+// We would like to keep pragma unroll for cases where L_template is not 0,
+// so we suppress the clang transformation warning.
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpass-failed"
+#endif // __clang__
+template <size_t splitD, size_t N, size_t L_template>
+__global__ void __launch_bounds__(splitD, 1)
+    ssm_scan_f32(const float *__restrict__ src0, const float *__restrict__ src1, const float *__restrict__ src2,
+                 const float *__restrict__ src3, const float *__restrict__ src4, const float *__restrict__ src5,
+                 const int32_t * __restrict__ src6, float * __restrict__ dst,
+                 const int src0_nb2, const int src0_nb3, const int src1_nb2, const int src1_nb3,
+                 const int src2_nb1, const int src2_nb2, const int src3_nb1,
+                 const int src4_nb2, const int src4_nb3, const int src5_nb2, const int src5_nb3,
+                 const int64_t s_off, const int64_t d_inner, const int64_t L_param)
+{
+    const size_t L = L_template == 0 ? L_param : L_template;
+    const float *s0_block = (const float *)((const char *)src0 + src6[blockIdx.x] * src0_nb3 + blockIdx.y * splitD * src0_nb2);
+    const float *x_block = (const float *)((const char *)src1 + (blockIdx.x * src1_nb3) + blockIdx.y * splitD * sizeof(float));
+    const float *dt_block = (const float *)((const char *)src2 + (blockIdx.x * src2_nb2) + blockIdx.y * splitD * sizeof(float));
+    const float *A_block = (const float *)((const char *)src3 + blockIdx.y * splitD * src3_nb1);
+    const float *B_block = (const float *)((const char *)src4 + (blockIdx.x * src4_nb3));
+    const float *C_block = (const float *)((const char *)src5 + (blockIdx.x * src5_nb3));
+    float *y_block = (float *)((char *)dst + (blockIdx.x * d_inner * L * sizeof(float)) + blockIdx.y * splitD * sizeof(float));
+    float *s_block = (float *)((char *)dst + s_off + blockIdx.x * src0_nb3 + blockIdx.y * splitD * src0_nb2);
+
+    const int stride_x = src1_nb2 / sizeof(float);
     const int stride_dt = src2_nb1 / sizeof(float);
-    const int stride_A  = src3_nb1 / sizeof(float);
-    const int stride_B  = src4_nb1 / sizeof(float);
-    const int stride_C  = src5_nb1 / sizeof(float);
-    const int stride_s  = stride_s0;
-    const int stride_y  = stride_x;
-
-    // can N not be 16? for example 32?
-    if (N == 16) {
+    const int stride_B = src4_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_C = src5_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_y = d_inner;
+
+    float regA[N];
+    float regs0[N];
+
+    __shared__ float smemB[N];
+    __shared__ float smemC[N];
+
+#ifdef USE_CUB
+    using BlockLoad = cub::BlockLoad<float, splitD, N, cub::BLOCK_LOAD_WARP_TRANSPOSE>;
+    using BlockStore = cub::BlockStore<float, splitD, N, cub::BLOCK_STORE_WARP_TRANSPOSE>;
+
+    union CubTempStorage {
+        typename BlockLoad::TempStorage load_temp;
+        typename BlockStore::TempStorage store_temp;
+    };
+    __shared__ CubTempStorage cub_temp_storage;
+
+    BlockLoad(cub_temp_storage.load_temp).Load(A_block, regA);
+    BlockLoad(cub_temp_storage.load_temp).Load(s0_block, regs0);
+#else
+    const int stride_s0 = src0_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_A = src3_nb1 / sizeof(float);
+#pragma unroll
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < N; ++n)
+    {
+        regA[n] = A_block[threadIdx.x * stride_A + n];
+        regs0[n] = s0_block[threadIdx.x * stride_s0 + n];
+    }
+#endif
+
 #pragma unroll
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < splitD / 4; i += 2) {
-            float value = A_block[(wid * warp_size + i) * stride_A + wtid];
-            // todo: bank conflict
-            // I am always confused with how to use the swizzling method to solve
-            // bank conflit. Hoping somebody can tell me.
-            smem_A[(wid * warp_size + i) * stride_sA + wtid + ((wtid / 16) > 0 ? 1 : 0)] = value;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < L; i++)
+    {
+        if (threadIdx.x < N)
+        {
+            smemB[threadIdx.x] = B_block[i * stride_B + threadIdx.x];
+            smemC[threadIdx.x] = C_block[i * stride_C + threadIdx.x];
+        }
+        __syncthreads();
+
+        float dt_soft_plus = dt_block[i * stride_dt + threadIdx.x];
+        if (dt_soft_plus <= 20.0f)
+        {
+            dt_soft_plus = log1pf(expf(dt_soft_plus));
         }
+        float x_dt = x_block[i * stride_x + threadIdx.x] * dt_soft_plus;
+
+        float sumf = 0.0f;
 #pragma unroll
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < splitD / 4; i += 2) {
-            float value = s0_block[(wid * warp_size + i) * stride_s0 + wtid];
-            smem_s0[(wid * warp_size + i) * stride_ss0 + wtid + ((wtid / 16) > 0 ? 1 : 0)] = value;
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < N; n++)
+        {
+            float state = regs0[n] * expf(dt_soft_plus * regA[n]) + smemB[n] * x_dt;
+            sumf += state * smemC[n];
+            regs0[n] = state;
         }
+        y_block[i * stride_y + threadIdx.x] = sumf;
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_CUB
+    BlockStore(cub_temp_storage.store_temp).Store(s_block, regs0);
+#else
+    const int stride_s = stride_s0;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < N; ++n)
+    {
+        s_block[threadIdx.x * stride_s + n] = regs0[n];
     }
+#endif
+}
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif // __clang__
 
-    __syncthreads();
+// assumes as many threads as d_state
+template <int c_factor, int d_state>
+__global__ void __launch_bounds__(d_state, 1)
+    ssm_scan_f32_group(
+        const float * __restrict__ src0, const float * __restrict__ src1, const float * __restrict__ src2,
+        const float * __restrict__ src3, const float * __restrict__ src4, const float * __restrict__ src5,
+        const int32_t * __restrict__ src6, float * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int src0_nb2, const int src0_nb3, const int src1_nb2, const int src1_nb3,
+        const int src2_nb1, const int src2_nb2, const int src3_nb1,
+        const int src4_nb2, const int src4_nb3, const int src5_nb2, const int src5_nb3,
+        const int64_t s_off, const int64_t n_head, const int64_t d_head, const int64_t n_group, const int64_t n_tok) {
+
+    const int warp     = threadIdx.x / WARP_SIZE;
+    const int lane     = threadIdx.x % WARP_SIZE;
+    const int warp_idx = blockIdx.x  * c_factor + warp;
+
+    const int head_idx =  warp_idx / d_head;
+    const int head_off = (warp_idx % d_head) * sizeof(float);
+    const int seq_idx  = blockIdx.y;
+
+    const int group_off = (head_idx / (n_head / n_group)) * d_state * sizeof(float);
+
+    // TODO: refactor strides to be in elements/floats instead of bytes to be cleaner and consistent with the rest of the codebase
+    const float * s0_warp = (const float *) ((const char *) src0 + src6[seq_idx] * src0_nb3 + head_idx * src0_nb2 + head_off * d_state);
+    const float * x_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src1 + (seq_idx * src1_nb3) + (warp_idx * sizeof(float)));
+    const float * dt_warp = (const float *) ((const char *) src2 + (seq_idx * src2_nb2) + head_idx * sizeof(float));
+    const float * A_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src3 + head_idx * src3_nb1);
+    const float * B_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src4 + (seq_idx * src4_nb3) + (group_off));
+    const float * C_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src5 + (seq_idx * src5_nb3) + (group_off));
+    float *       y_warp  = dst + (seq_idx * n_tok * n_head * d_head) + warp_idx;
+    float *       s_warp  = (float *) ((char *) dst + s_off + seq_idx * src0_nb3 + head_idx * src0_nb2 + head_off * d_state);
+
+    // strides across n_seq_tokens
+    const int stride_x  = src1_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_dt = src2_nb1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_B  = src4_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_C  = src5_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_y  = n_head * d_head;
+
+    float state[c_factor];
+    float state_sum = 0.0f;
 
-    for (int64_t i = 0; i < L; i++) {
-        float dt_soft_plus = dt_block[i * stride_dt + tid];
-        if (dt_soft_plus <= 20.0f) {
-            dt_soft_plus = log1pf(exp(dt_soft_plus));
-        }
-        float x_dt = x_block[i * stride_x + tid] * dt_soft_plus;
-        float sumf = 0.0f;
 #pragma unroll
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < N; j++) {
-            float state = (smem_s0[tid * stride_ss0 + j] * expf(dt_soft_plus * smem_A[tid * stride_sA + j])) +
-                          (B_block[i * stride_B + j] * x_dt);
-            sumf += state * C_block[i * stride_C + j];
-            if (i == L - 1) {
-                s_block[tid * stride_s + j] = state;
-            } else {
-                smem_s0[tid * stride_ss0 + j] = state;
-            }
+    for (int j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+        state[j] = s0_warp[WARP_SIZE * j + lane];
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_tok; i++) {
+        // NOTE: dt_soft_plus, dA and x_dt have the same value for a warp here.
+        // Recalculation is intentional; sharing via shuffles/smem proved slower due to sync overhead.
+        const float dt_soft_plus = (dt_warp[i * stride_dt] <= 20.0f ? log1pf(expf(dt_warp[i * stride_dt])) : dt_warp[i * stride_dt]);
+
+        state_sum = 0.0f;
+        const float dA   = expf(dt_soft_plus * A_warp[0]);
+        const float x_dt = x_warp[i * stride_x] * dt_soft_plus;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+            const float B_val = B_warp[i * stride_B + WARP_SIZE * j + lane];
+            const float C_val = C_warp[i * stride_C + WARP_SIZE * j + lane];
+            state[j] = (state[j] * dA) + (B_val * x_dt);
+            state_sum += state[j] * C_val;
         }
-        __syncthreads();
-        y_block[i * stride_y + tid] = sumf;
+
+        // parallel accumulation for output
+        state_sum = warp_reduce_sum(state_sum);
+
+        if (lane == 0) {
+            y_warp[i * stride_y] = state_sum;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // write back the state
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+        s_warp[WARP_SIZE * j + lane] = state[j];
     }
 }
 
 static void ssm_scan_f32_cuda(const float * src0, const float * src1, const float * src2, const float * src3,
-                              const float * src4, const float * src5, const int src0_nb1, const int src0_nb2,
-                              const int src1_nb0, const int src1_nb1, const int src1_nb2, const int src1_nb3,
-                              const int src2_nb0, const int src2_nb1, const int src2_nb2, const int src3_nb1,
-                              const int src4_nb1, const int src4_nb2, const int src5_nb1, const int src5_nb2,
-                              float * dst, const int64_t N, const int64_t D, const int64_t L, const int64_t B,
+                              const float * src4, const float * src5, const int32_t * src6, float * dst,
+                              const int src0_nb2, const int src0_nb3, const int src1_nb2, const int src1_nb3, const int src2_nb1,
+                              const int src2_nb2, const int src3_nb1, const int src4_nb2, const int src4_nb3, const int src5_nb2,
+                              const int src5_nb3, const int64_t s_off, const int64_t d_state, const int64_t head_dim,
+                              const int64_t n_head, const int64_t n_group, const int64_t n_tok, const int64_t n_seq,
                               cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int threads = 128;
-    // todo: consider D cannot be divided,does this situation exist?
-    GGML_ASSERT(D % threads == 0);
-    const dim3 blocks(B, (D + threads - 1) / threads, 1);
-    const int  smem_size = (threads * (N + 1) * 2) * sizeof(float);
-    if (N == 16) {
-        ssm_scan_f32<128, 16><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
-            src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src0_nb1, src0_nb2, src1_nb0, src1_nb1, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb0,
-            src2_nb1, src2_nb2, src3_nb1, src4_nb1, src4_nb2, src5_nb1, src5_nb2, dst, L);
+    // NOTE: if you change conditions here, be sure to update the corresponding supports_op condition!
+    if (src3_nb1 == sizeof(float)) {
+        // Mamba-2
+        if (d_state == 128) {
+            constexpr int threads   = 128;
+            constexpr int num_warps = threads/WARP_SIZE;
+
+            const dim3 blocks((n_head * head_dim + (num_warps - 1)) / num_warps, n_seq, 1);
+            ssm_scan_f32_group<128/WARP_SIZE, 128><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                    src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2, src3_nb1,
+                    src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, head_dim, n_group, n_tok);
+        } else if (d_state == 256) { // Falcon-H1
+            constexpr int threads   = 256;
+            constexpr int num_warps = threads/WARP_SIZE;
+
+            const dim3 blocks((n_head * head_dim + (num_warps - 1)) / num_warps, n_seq, 1);
+            ssm_scan_f32_group<256/WARP_SIZE, 256><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                    src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2, src3_nb1,
+                    src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, head_dim, n_group, n_tok);
+        } else {
+            GGML_ABORT("doesn't support d_state!=(128 or 256).");
+        }
     } else {
-        GGML_ABORT("doesn't support N!=16.");
+        // Mamba-1
+        constexpr int threads = 128;
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_head % threads == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(head_dim == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_group == 1);
+        const dim3 blocks(n_seq, (n_head + threads - 1) / threads, 1);
+        const int  smem_size = (threads * (d_state + 1) * 2) * sizeof(float);
+        if (d_state == 16) {
+            switch (n_tok)
+            {
+            case 1:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 1><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 2><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 3><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 4><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 5><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            case 6:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 6><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            case 7:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 7><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            case 8:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 8><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            default:
+                ssm_scan_f32<threads, 16, 0><<<blocks, threads, smem_size, stream>>>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2,
+                src3_nb1, src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, n_tok);
+                break;
+            }
+        } else {
+            GGML_ABORT("doesn't support d_state!=16.");
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -112,30 +301,25 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_ssm_scan(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const struct ggml_tensor * src3 = dst->src[3];  // A
     const struct ggml_tensor * src4 = dst->src[4];  // B
     const struct ggml_tensor * src5 = dst->src[5];  // C
-
-    //   const int64_t d_state = src0->ne[0];
-    //   const int64_t d_inner = src0->ne[1];
-    //   const int64_t l = src1->ne[1];
-    //   const int64_t b = src0->ne[2];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src6 = dst->src[6];  // ids
 
     const int64_t nc  = src0->ne[0];  // d_state
-    const int64_t nr  = src0->ne[1];  // d_inner
-    const int64_t n_t = src1->ne[1];  // number of tokens per sequence
-    const int64_t n_s = src0->ne[2];  // number of sequences in the batch
+    const int64_t nr  = src0->ne[1];  // head_dim or 1
+    const int64_t nh  = src1->ne[1];  // n_head
+    const int64_t ng  = src4->ne[1];  // n_group
+    const int64_t n_t = src1->ne[2];  // number of tokens per sequence
+    const int64_t n_s = src1->ne[3];  // number of sequences in the batch
+
+    const int64_t s_off = ggml_nelements(src1) * sizeof(float);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(src1) + ggml_nelements(src0) == ggml_nelements(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(src1) + nc*nr*nh*n_s == ggml_nelements(dst));
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src2->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src3->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src4->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src5->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
-    // required for the dot product between s and C
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[1] == src0->ne[0] * sizeof(float));
-    // required for per-sequence offsets for states
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[2] == src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * sizeof(float));
-    // required to get correct offset for state destination (i.e. src1->nb[3])
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[3] == src1->ne[0] * src1->ne[1] * src1->ne[2] * sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src6->nb[0] == sizeof(int32_t));
 
     const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
     const float * src1_d = (const float *) src1->data;
@@ -143,13 +327,16 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_ssm_scan(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const float * src3_d = (const float *) src3->data;
     const float * src4_d = (const float *) src4->data;
     const float * src5_d = (const float *) src5->data;
+    const int32_t * src6_d = (const int32_t *) src6->data;
     float *       dst_d  = (float *) dst->data;
     cudaStream_t  stream = ctx.stream();
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src6->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    ssm_scan_f32_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, src2_d, src3_d, src4_d, src5_d, src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src1->nb[0],
-                      src1->nb[1], src1->nb[2], src1->nb[3], src2->nb[0], src2->nb[1], src2->nb[2], src3->nb[1],
-                      src4->nb[1], src4->nb[2], src5->nb[1], src5->nb[2], dst_d, nc, nr, n_t, n_s, stream);
+    ssm_scan_f32_cuda(src0_d, src1_d, src2_d, src3_d, src4_d, src5_d, src6_d, dst_d,
+                      src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3], src1->nb[2], src1->nb[3], src2->nb[1], src2->nb[2],
+                      src3->nb[1], src4->nb[2], src4->nb[3], src5->nb[2], src5->nb[3],
+                      s_off, nc, nr, nh, ng, n_t, n_s, stream);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sum.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sum.cu
index eb3d7cdba98..c56257b4406 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sum.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sum.cu
@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11070
-#define USE_CUB
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11070
+#include "sum.cuh"
+#include "sumrows.cuh"
 
-#ifdef USE_CUB
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
 #include <cub/cub.cuh>
 using namespace cub;
-#endif // USE_CUB
-
-#include "sumrows.cuh"
-#include "sum.cuh"
+#endif  // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
 
 #include <cstdint>
 
 void sum_f32_cuda(ggml_cuda_pool & pool, const float * x, float * dst, const int64_t ne, cudaStream_t stream) {
-#ifdef USE_CUB
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
     size_t tmp_size = 0;
     DeviceReduce::Sum(nullptr,       tmp_size, x, dst, ne, stream);
     ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<uint8_t> tmp_alloc(pool, tmp_size);
@@ -23,7 +19,7 @@ void sum_f32_cuda(ggml_cuda_pool & pool, const float * x, float * dst, const int
     // For AMD there is rocPRIM which could be used as a drop-in replacement via hipcub but this would require C++11 -> C++14.
     sum_rows_f32_cuda(x, dst, ne, 1, stream);
     GGML_UNUSED(pool);
-#endif // USE_CUB
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_sum(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cu
index 38dbf1b5e1f..4025771aadb 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cu
@@ -1,25 +1,17 @@
+#include "reduce_rows.cuh"
 #include "sumrows.cuh"
 
-static __global__ void k_sum_rows_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols) {
-    const int row = blockIdx.x;
-    const int col = threadIdx.x;
-
-    float sum = 0.0f;
-    for (int i = col; i < ncols; i += blockDim.x) {
-        sum += x[row * ncols + i];
-    }
-
-    sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);
-
-    if (col == 0) {
-        dst[row] = sum;
-    }
-}
-
 void sum_rows_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const int nrows, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    const int  id  = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int  nsm = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].nsm;
     const dim3 block_nums(nrows, 1, 1);
-    k_sum_rows_f32<<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols);
+    if ((nrows / nsm) < 2) {
+        const dim3 block_dims(512, 1, 1);
+        reduce_rows_f32</*norm=*/false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols);
+    } else {
+        const dim3 block_dims(ncols < 1024 ? 32 : 128, 1, 1);
+        reduce_rows_f32</*norm=*/false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols);
+    }
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -35,5 +27,17 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const int64_t ncols = src0->ne[0];
     const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    sum_rows_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, ncols, nrows, stream);
+    const dim3 block_nums(nrows, 1, 1);
+
+    const int id  = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int nsm = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].nsm;
+    if ((nrows / nsm) < 2) {
+        // Increase num threads to 512 for small nrows to better hide the latency
+        const dim3 block_dims(512, 1, 1);
+        reduce_rows_f32</*norm=*/false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(src0_d, dst_d, ncols);
+    } else {
+        // Enough active SMs to hide latency, use smaller blocks to allow better scheduling
+        const dim3 block_dims(ncols < 1024 ? 32 : 128, 1, 1);
+        reduce_rows_f32</*norm=*/false><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(src0_d, dst_d, ncols);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cuh
index 191db1c1316..3431c599b1b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/sumrows.cuh
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 
 void sum_rows_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const int nrows, cudaStream_t stream);
-
 void ggml_cuda_op_sum_rows(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_1-ncols2_32.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_1-ncols2_32.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f554d81e5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_1-ncols2_32.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-mma-f16.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 1, 32);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_16-ncols2_4.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_16-ncols2_4.cu
index 2074e954a32..517993cb068 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_16-ncols2_4.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_16-ncols2_4.cu
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(96, 96, 16, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(112, 112, 16, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(128, 128, 16, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(256, 256, 16, 4);
+DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 16, 4);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_2-ncols2_32.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_2-ncols2_32.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..264751d65ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_2-ncols2_32.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-mma-f16.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 2, 32);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_2-ncols2_4.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_2-ncols2_4.cu
index 24c64cf000f..97b19c67ade 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_2-ncols2_4.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_2-ncols2_4.cu
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(96, 96, 2, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(112, 112, 2, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(128, 128, 2, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(256, 256, 2, 4);
+DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 2, 4);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_4-ncols2_4.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_4-ncols2_4.cu
index 1ada657f194..989626dfa5e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_4-ncols2_4.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_4-ncols2_4.cu
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(96, 96, 4, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(112, 112, 4, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(128, 128, 4, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(256, 256, 4, 4);
+DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 4, 4);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_8-ncols2_4.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_8-ncols2_4.cu
index 86d4ffae27c..173de7aac7d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_8-ncols2_4.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_8-ncols2_4.cu
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(96, 96, 8, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(112, 112, 8, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(128, 128, 8, 4);
 DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(256, 256, 8, 4);
+DECL_FATTN_MMA_F16_CASE(576, 512, 8, 4);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq112-dv112.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq112-dv112.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8b15ad72a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq112-dv112.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(112, 112);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq128-dv128.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq128-dv128.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1da18105508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq128-dv128.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(128, 128);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq256-dv256.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq256-dv256.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc65c723eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq256-dv256.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(256, 256);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq40-dv40.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq40-dv40.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..10b330fa6c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq40-dv40.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(40, 40);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq576-dv512.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq576-dv512.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..254b7d2e1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq576-dv512.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(576, 512);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq64-dv64.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq64-dv64.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5caffac0467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq64-dv64.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(64, 64);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq72-dv72.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq72-dv72.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f9d5315f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq72-dv72.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(72, 72);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq80-dv80.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq80-dv80.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..90abb3b1862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq80-dv80.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(80, 80);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq96-dv96.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq96-dv96.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7292c0aab8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq96-dv96.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(96, 96);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 6696a238476..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index dd070db2853..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 54dcde6f523..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ec22f79191..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 3c15bf7f0ef..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e61b5fdcdb..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-f16-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index fdb15b580cf..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f7c417d2c0..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 851f33c43f0..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 763809cbeb4..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index f2a276e50e5..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index cb227f6f5ce..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_0-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 97ac0520c71..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index c772b42634f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 5cb7430819e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 98a709d1714..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f2f947ae81..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 11f96b6f65c..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q4_1-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index b39bdc0611c..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index bbd6a2c7f49..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d84ff2b191..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index bc8a5bff684..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index a679100c838..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f21bccf7f8..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_0-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 858b00fd741..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fc8011fac5..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 261fdf623e0..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fb82473830..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index a9d9d089bd3..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d7b27920aa..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q5_1-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index a092ee2d509..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index db55927a194..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index c3c21cefae0..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 35dd9f52080..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 050c22ac7c6..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index de4866c5e65..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs128-q8_0-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs256-f16-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs256-f16-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 57a10bc4be4..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs256-f16-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index e0f08b46a7e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c8e8a467a8..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index cefed83fb95..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index aede6e35881..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a1a92c788f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index ad667473d11..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f16-instance-hs64-f16-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F16_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index c499f455da9..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 8286ebf3736..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 4587868825d..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d89103ce0c6..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index bb75fd42ff1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index b1629817e79..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-f16-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d8657604dab..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e5bd2f1a3a..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index be5f302d9f1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 8dd91cd72eb..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 4cb791502a1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 09dea426736..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_0-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fbb607694f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 2aeab83b20d..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 599415b4947..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index e4f8e3083bb..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 34d166527e9..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 4bebef45a37..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q4_1-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 326468da2fb..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 511b58f4ecc..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d9906d142e1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index f61c183abba..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index c10450fd29e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d5cb195c41..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_0-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index b384f34d7d9..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 446e293b16e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f430298899..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 1cd8ba88fd6..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ee2eab65a1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 2bc77816a5d..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q5_1-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d55ced08bc9..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 8361e99c4e4..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 7507a67c4c5..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 61f050b235f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d4a49d9c991..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d1462789762..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs128-q8_0-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs256-f16-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs256-f16-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index e73f917a1f1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs256-f16-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-f16.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index d40825dfc21..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-f16.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q4_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index b5c6869f4ec..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q4_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q4_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e21b0ccaef..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q4_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q5_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 2eac321b370..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q5_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q5_1.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index f7d2c3b4e0a..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q5_1.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q8_0.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index a013f400bd3..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-f32-instance-hs64-f16-q8_0.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
-
-#include "../fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
-
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F32_CASE(64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-f16.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c357abd80d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-f16.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b148656f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef7715758c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ae11cc5423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..10ed48affa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q8_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4fcc3f33776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q8_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-f16.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ca50531fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-f16.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ef1a48fdb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c0532ca7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed3d7bad395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..687f2540681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q8_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41107c45f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q8_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-f16.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d523ce01cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-f16.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8b9ed358eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0553e464c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8390eaf1c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f61e19d6a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q8_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..86a188269c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q8_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-f16.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d7af474b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-f16.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..837224d3609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0dd7dd693f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41b859f45d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d2e5ffd0ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q8_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..81ff740b585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q8_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-f16.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a38dae19221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-f16.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2304571e240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84b83e5544c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39f80e218d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf4e66112b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q8_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..65654182e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q8_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-f16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-f16.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a1bc3f5a6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-f16.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b76a9be232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77d04125f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6e170fe36f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b617cd73b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q8_0.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q8_0.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5b768b111b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q8_0.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/generate_cu_files.py b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/generate_cu_files.py
index 3428113dc8f..e382df1ae20 100755
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/generate_cu_files.py
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/generate_cu_files.py
@@ -3,13 +3,24 @@
 from glob import glob
 import os
 
-TYPES_KV = ["GGML_TYPE_Q4_0", "GGML_TYPE_Q4_1", "GGML_TYPE_Q5_0", "GGML_TYPE_Q5_1", "GGML_TYPE_Q8_0", "GGML_TYPE_F16"]
+HEAD_SIZES_KQ = [40, 64, 72, 80, 96, 112, 128, 256, 576]
+
+TYPES_KV = ["GGML_TYPE_F16", "GGML_TYPE_Q4_0", "GGML_TYPE_Q4_1", "GGML_TYPE_Q5_0", "GGML_TYPE_Q5_1", "GGML_TYPE_Q8_0"]
+
+SOURCE_FATTN_TILE = """// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE({head_size_kq}, {head_size_v});
+"""
 
 SOURCE_FATTN_VEC = """// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
 
-#include "../fattn-vec-f{vkq_size}.cuh"
+#include "../fattn-vec.cuh"
 
-DECL_FATTN_VEC_F{vkq_size}_CASE({head_size}, {type_k}, {type_v});
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, {type_k}, {type_v});
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, {type_k}, {type_v});
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, {type_k}, {type_v});
 """
 
 SOURCE_FATTN_MMA_START = """// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
@@ -24,7 +35,7 @@
     "GGML_TYPE_Q4_0", "GGML_TYPE_Q4_1", "GGML_TYPE_Q5_0", "GGML_TYPE_Q5_1", "GGML_TYPE_Q8_0",
     "GGML_TYPE_Q2_K", "GGML_TYPE_Q3_K", "GGML_TYPE_Q4_K", "GGML_TYPE_Q5_K", "GGML_TYPE_Q6_K",
     "GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS", "GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS", "GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S", "GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS", "GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S",
-    "GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S", "GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL", "GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS"
+    "GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S", "GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL", "GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS", "GGML_TYPE_MXFP4"
 ]
 
 SOURCE_MMQ = """// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
@@ -34,41 +45,47 @@
 DECL_MMQ_CASE({type});
 """
 
+SOURCE_MMF = """// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
 
-def get_short_name(long_quant_name):
-    return long_quant_name.replace("GGML_TYPE_", "").lower()
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
 
+DECL_MMF_CASE({type});
+"""
 
-def get_head_sizes(type_k, type_v):
-    if type_k == "GGML_TYPE_F16" and type_v == "GGML_TYPE_F16":
-        return [64, 128, 256]
-    if type_k == "GGML_TYPE_F16":
-        return [64, 128]
-    return [128]
+
+def get_short_name(long_quant_name):
+    return long_quant_name.replace("GGML_TYPE_", "").lower()
 
 
 for filename in glob("*.cu"):
     os.remove(filename)
 
-for vkq_size in [16, 32]:
-    for type_k in TYPES_KV:
-        for type_v in TYPES_KV:
-            for head_size in get_head_sizes(type_k, type_v):
-                with open(f"fattn-vec-f{vkq_size}-instance-hs{head_size}-{get_short_name(type_k)}-{get_short_name(type_v)}.cu", "w") as f:
-                    f.write(SOURCE_FATTN_VEC.format(vkq_size=vkq_size, head_size=head_size, type_k=type_k, type_v=type_v))
+for head_size_kq in HEAD_SIZES_KQ:
+    head_size_v = head_size_kq if head_size_kq != 576 else 512
+    with open(f"fattn-tile-instance-dkq{head_size_kq}-dv{head_size_v}.cu", "w") as f:
+        f.write(SOURCE_FATTN_TILE.format(head_size_kq=head_size_kq, head_size_v=head_size_v))
+
+for type_k in TYPES_KV:
+    for type_v in TYPES_KV:
+        with open(f"fattn-vec-instance-{get_short_name(type_k)}-{get_short_name(type_v)}.cu", "w") as f:
+            f.write(SOURCE_FATTN_VEC.format(type_k=type_k, type_v=type_v))
 
 for ncols in [8, 16, 32, 64]:
-    for ncols2 in [1, 2, 4, 8, 16]:
+    for ncols2 in [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32]:
         if ncols2 > ncols:
             continue
         ncols1 = ncols // ncols2
         with open(f"fattn-mma-f16-instance-ncols1_{ncols1}-ncols2_{ncols2}.cu", "w") as f:
             f.write(SOURCE_FATTN_MMA_START)
 
-            for head_size_kq in [64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 256, 576]:
-                if head_size_kq != 576 and ncols2 == 16:
+            for head_size_kq in HEAD_SIZES_KQ:
+                if head_size_kq == 40:
                     continue
-                if head_size_kq == 576 and ncols2 != 16:
+                if head_size_kq == 72:
+                    continue
+                if head_size_kq != 576 and ncols2 in (16, 32):
+                    continue
+                if head_size_kq == 576 and ncols2 not in (4, 16, 32):
                     continue
                 head_size_v = head_size_kq if head_size_kq != 576 else 512
                 f.write(SOURCE_FATTN_MMA_CASE.format(ncols1=ncols1, ncols2=ncols2, head_size_kq=head_size_kq, head_size_v=head_size_v))
@@ -76,3 +93,7 @@ def get_head_sizes(type_k, type_v):
 for type in TYPES_MMQ:
     with open(f"mmq-instance-{get_short_name(type)}.cu", "w") as f:
         f.write(SOURCE_MMQ.format(type=type))
+
+for type in range(1, 17):
+    with open(f"mmf-instance-ncols_{type}.cu", "w") as f:
+        f.write(SOURCE_MMF.format(type=type))
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_1.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_1.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f594d5d51d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_1.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_10.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_10.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9cc67725421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_10.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(10);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_11.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_11.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..317f487d7a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_11.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(11);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_12.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_12.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc0033227c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_12.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(12);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_13.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_13.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07821017530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_13.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(13);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_14.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_14.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a23ad6ae262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_14.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(14);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_15.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_15.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0fe3f7821ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_15.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(15);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_16.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_16.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..544086375e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_16.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_2.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_2.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b901797cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_2.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(2);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_3.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_3.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56e940bba08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_3.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(3);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_4.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_4.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7665d49d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_4.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(4);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_5.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_5.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3a1dff2587a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_5.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(5);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_6.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_6.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..400fb7c6631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_6.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(6);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_7.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_7.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..954a1c7e032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_7.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(7);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_8.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_8.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f1bd09c9458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_8.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(8);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_9.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_9.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1255ac2af66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf-instance-ncols_9.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmf.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMF_CASE(9);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmq-instance-mxfp4.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmq-instance-mxfp4.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c14624c52ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmq-instance-mxfp4.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../mmq.cuh"
+
+DECL_MMQ_CASE(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/top-k.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/top-k.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..785a18389f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/top-k.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include "argsort.cuh"
+#include "top-k.cuh"
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+#    include <cub/cub.cuh>
+#    if (CCCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && CCCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 2)
+#        define CUB_TOP_K_AVAILABLE
+using namespace cub;
+#    endif  // CCCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && CCCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 2
+#endif      // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+
+#ifdef CUB_TOP_K_AVAILABLE
+
+static void top_k_cub(ggml_cuda_pool & pool,
+                      const float *    src,
+                      int *            dst,
+                      const int        ncols,
+                      const int        k,
+                      cudaStream_t     stream) {
+    auto requirements = cuda::execution::require(cuda::execution::determinism::not_guaranteed,
+                                                 cuda::execution::output_ordering::unsorted);
+    auto stream_env   = cuda::stream_ref{ stream };
+    auto env          = cuda::std::execution::env{ stream_env, requirements };
+
+    auto indexes_in = cuda::make_counting_iterator(0);
+
+    size_t temp_storage_bytes = 0;
+    DeviceTopK::MaxPairs(nullptr, temp_storage_bytes, src, cuda::discard_iterator(), indexes_in, dst, ncols, k,
+                         env);
+
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<uint8_t> temp_storage_alloc(pool, temp_storage_bytes);
+    void *                        d_temp_storage = temp_storage_alloc.get();
+
+    DeviceTopK::MaxPairs(d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, src, cuda::discard_iterator(), indexes_in, dst,
+                         ncols, k, env);
+}
+
+#elif defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB)  // CUB_TOP_K_AVAILABLE
+
+static int next_power_of_2(int x) {
+    int n = 1;
+    while (n < x) {
+        n *= 2;
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+
+#endif                            // CUB_TOP_K_AVAILABLE
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_top_k(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0   = dst->src[0];
+    const float *       src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+    int *               dst_d  = (int *) dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t        stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    // are these asserts truly necessary?
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    const int64_t    ncols = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t    nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    const int64_t    k     = dst->ne[0];
+    ggml_cuda_pool & pool  = ctx.pool();
+#ifdef CUB_TOP_K_AVAILABLE
+    // TODO: Switch to `DeviceSegmentedTopK` for multi-row TopK once implemented
+    // https://github.com/NVIDIA/cccl/issues/6391
+    // TODO: investigate if there exists a point where parallelized argsort is faster than sequential top-k
+    for (int i = 0; i < nrows; i++) {
+        top_k_cub(pool, src0_d + i * ncols, dst_d + i * k, ncols, k, stream);
+    }
+#elif defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB)  // CUB_TOP_K_AVAILABLE
+    // Fall back to argsort + copy
+    const int    ncols_pad      = next_power_of_2(ncols);
+    const size_t shared_mem     = ncols_pad * sizeof(int);
+    const size_t max_shared_mem = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].smpb;
+
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int> temp_dst_alloc(pool, ncols * nrows);
+    int *                     tmp_dst = temp_dst_alloc.get();
+
+    if (shared_mem > max_shared_mem || ncols > 1024) {
+        argsort_f32_i32_cuda_cub(pool, src0_d, tmp_dst, ncols, nrows, GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC, stream);
+    } else {
+        argsort_f32_i32_cuda_bitonic(src0_d, tmp_dst, ncols, nrows, GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC, stream);
+    }
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpy2DAsync(dst_d, k * sizeof(int), tmp_dst, ncols * sizeof(int), k * sizeof(int), nrows,
+                                 cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream));
+#else                             // GGML_CUDA_USE_CUB
+    ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<int> temp_dst_alloc(pool, ncols * nrows);
+    int *                     tmp_dst = temp_dst_alloc.get();
+    argsort_f32_i32_cuda_bitonic(src0_d, tmp_dst, ncols, nrows, GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC, stream);
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpy2DAsync(dst_d, k * sizeof(int), tmp_dst, ncols * sizeof(int), k * sizeof(int), nrows,
+                                 cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream));
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/top-k.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/top-k.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4d8f61e5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/top-k.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_top_k(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3020e5c7433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+#include "ggml-cuda/common.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "topk-moe.cuh"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+// Kernel config struct - passed by value to CUDA kernel
+struct topk_moe_config {
+    bool use_sigmoid;
+    bool with_norm;
+    bool delayed_softmax;
+};
+
+// Warp-local softmax used for both the pre-top-k logits and the post-top-k delayed path.
+template <int experts_per_thread, bool use_limit>
+__device__ void softmax_warp_inplace(float (&vals)[experts_per_thread], const int limit, const int lane) {
+    float max_val = -INFINITY;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const int  idx    = lane + i * WARP_SIZE;
+        const bool active = !use_limit || (idx < limit);
+        if (active) {
+            max_val = max(max_val, vals[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    max_val = warp_reduce_max(max_val);
+
+    float sum = 0.f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const int  idx    = lane + i * WARP_SIZE;
+        const bool active = !use_limit || (idx < limit);
+        if (active) {
+            const float val = expf(vals[i] - max_val);
+            vals[i]         = val;
+            sum += val;
+        } else {
+            vals[i] = 0.f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);
+
+    const float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const int  idx    = lane + i * WARP_SIZE;
+        const bool active = !use_limit || (idx < limit);
+        if (active) {
+            vals[i] *= inv_sum;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int experts_per_thread, bool use_limit>
+__device__ void sigmoid_warp_inplace(float (&vals)[experts_per_thread], const int limit, const int lane) {
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const int  idx    = lane + i * WARP_SIZE;
+        const bool active = !use_limit || (idx < limit);
+        vals[i]           = active ? 1.f / (1.f + expf(-vals[i])) : -INFINITY;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+    This kernel does the following:
+    1. optionally softmax over the logits per token [n_experts, n_tokens]
+    2. argmax reduce over the top-k (n_experts_used) logits
+    3. write weights + ids to global memory
+    4. optionally normalize the weights or apply softmax over the selected logits
+
+    It is intended as fusion of softmax->top-k->get_rows pipeline for MoE models
+*/
+template <int n_experts, bool has_bias>
+__launch_bounds__(4 * WARP_SIZE, 1) __global__ void topk_moe_cuda(const float *         logits,
+                                                                  float *               weights,
+                                                                  int32_t *             ids,
+                                                                  float *               bias,
+                                                                  const int             n_rows,
+                                                                  const int             n_expert_used,
+                                                                  const float           clamp_val,
+                                                                  const float           scale_val,
+                                                                  const topk_moe_config config) {
+    const int row = blockIdx.x * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+    if (row >= n_rows) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    logits += n_experts * row;
+    weights += n_expert_used * row;
+    ids += n_experts * row;
+
+    constexpr int experts_per_thread = (n_experts > WARP_SIZE) ? n_experts / WARP_SIZE : 1;
+
+    float wt[experts_per_thread];
+
+    // Initialize all slots to -INFINITY
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        wt[i] = -INFINITY;
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_experts; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+        const int expert  = i + threadIdx.x;
+        wt[i / WARP_SIZE] = (n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) ? logits[expert] : -INFINITY;
+    }
+
+    if (!config.delayed_softmax) {
+        if (config.use_sigmoid) {
+           sigmoid_warp_inplace<experts_per_thread, false>(wt, n_experts, threadIdx.x);
+        } else {
+           softmax_warp_inplace<experts_per_thread, false>(wt, n_experts, threadIdx.x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Sanitize NaN to -FLT_MAX so the iterative argmax produces unique expert IDs.
+    // NaN comparisons always return false, which would cause the same expert to be
+    // selected repeatedly. -FLT_MAX compares normally and is still excluded by the
+    // -INFINITY sentinel used after each selection round.
+    // More relevant for the cuBLAS path. See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/19659
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        if (__isnanf(wt[i])) {
+            wt[i] = -FLT_MAX;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // selection_wt is only needed when bias is present (selection uses wt + bias)
+    // when no bias, we use wt directly for both selection and weight values
+    float selection_wt[has_bias ? experts_per_thread : 1];
+
+    if constexpr (has_bias) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+            selection_wt[i] = -INFINITY;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_experts; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+            const int expert = i + threadIdx.x;
+            selection_wt[i / WARP_SIZE] =
+                (n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) ? wt[i / WARP_SIZE] + bias[expert] : -INFINITY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //at this point, each thread holds either a portion of the softmax distribution
+    //or the raw logits. We do the argmax reduce over n_expert_used, each time marking
+    //the expert weight as -inf to exclude from the next iteration
+
+    float wt_sum = 0.f;
+
+    float output_weights[experts_per_thread];
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        output_weights[i] = 0.f;
+    }
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < n_expert_used; k++) {
+        float max_val    = wt[0];
+        int   max_expert = threadIdx.x;
+
+        if constexpr (has_bias) {
+            float max_val_s = selection_wt[0];
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 1; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+                const int expert = threadIdx.x + i * WARP_SIZE;
+                if ((n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) && selection_wt[i] > max_val_s) {
+                    max_val    = wt[i];
+                    max_val_s  = selection_wt[i];
+                    max_expert = expert;
+                }
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask /= 2) {
+                const float val    = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, max_val, mask, WARP_SIZE);
+                const float val_s  = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, max_val_s, mask, WARP_SIZE);
+                const int   expert = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, max_expert, mask, WARP_SIZE);
+                if (val_s > max_val_s || (val_s == max_val_s && expert < max_expert)) {
+                    max_val    = val;
+                    max_val_s  = val_s;
+                    max_expert = expert;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ((max_expert & (WARP_SIZE - 1)) == threadIdx.x) {
+                selection_wt[max_expert / WARP_SIZE] = -INFINITY;
+            }
+        } else {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 1; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+                const int expert = threadIdx.x + i * WARP_SIZE;
+                if ((n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) && wt[i] > max_val) {
+                    max_val    = wt[i];
+                    max_expert = expert;
+                }
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask /= 2) {
+                const float val    = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, max_val, mask, WARP_SIZE);
+                const int   expert = __shfl_xor_sync(0xFFFFFFFF, max_expert, mask, WARP_SIZE);
+                if (val > max_val || (val == max_val && expert < max_expert)) {
+                    max_val    = val;
+                    max_expert = expert;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ((max_expert & (WARP_SIZE - 1)) == threadIdx.x) {
+                wt[max_expert / WARP_SIZE] = -INFINITY;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ((k & (WARP_SIZE - 1)) == threadIdx.x) {
+            output_weights[k / WARP_SIZE] = max_val;
+        }
+
+        if ((max_expert & (WARP_SIZE - 1)) == threadIdx.x) {
+            ids[k] = max_expert;
+            if (config.with_norm) {
+                wt_sum += max_val;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (config.with_norm) {
+        wt_sum              = warp_reduce_sum(wt_sum);
+        wt_sum              = max(wt_sum, clamp_val);
+        const float inv_sum = 1.0f / wt_sum;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+            output_weights[i] *= inv_sum;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (config.delayed_softmax) {
+        softmax_warp_inplace<experts_per_thread, true>(output_weights, n_expert_used, threadIdx.x);
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const int idx = i * WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x;
+        if (idx < n_expert_used) {
+            weights[idx] = output_weights[i] * scale_val;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<bool has_bias>
+static void launch_topk_moe_cuda(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                                 const float *               logits,
+                                 float *                     weights,
+                                 int32_t *                   ids,
+                                 float *                     bias,
+                                 const int                   n_rows,
+                                 const int                   n_expert,
+                                 const int                   n_expert_used,
+                                 const float                 clamp_val,
+                                 const float                 scale_val,
+                                 const topk_moe_config       config) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(!(config.with_norm && config.delayed_softmax) &&
+                "delayed softmax is not supported with weight normalization");
+    const int    rows_per_block = 4;
+    dim3         grid_dims((n_rows + rows_per_block - 1) / rows_per_block, 1, 1);
+    dim3         block_dims(WARP_SIZE, rows_per_block, 1);
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    switch (n_expert) {
+        case 1:
+            topk_moe_cuda<1, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                   clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            topk_moe_cuda<2, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                   clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            topk_moe_cuda<4, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                   clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 8:
+            topk_moe_cuda<8, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                   clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 16:
+            topk_moe_cuda<16, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                    clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 32:
+            topk_moe_cuda<32, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                    clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 64:
+            topk_moe_cuda<64, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                    clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 128:
+            topk_moe_cuda<128, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                     clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 256:
+            topk_moe_cuda<256, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                     clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 512:
+            topk_moe_cuda<512, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                     clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        case 576:
+            topk_moe_cuda<576, has_bias><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used,
+                                                                     clamp_val, scale_val, config);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "fatal error");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_topk_moe(ggml_backend_cuda_context &     ctx,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             logits,
+                           ggml_tensor *                   weights,
+                           ggml_tensor *                   ids,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             clamp,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             scale,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             bias,
+                           const ggml_cuda_topk_moe_args & args) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(logits->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(weights->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    const int n_experts = logits->ne[0];
+    const int n_rows    = logits->ne[1];
+
+    const float * logits_d  = (const float *) logits->data;
+    float *       weights_d = (float *) weights->data;
+    int32_t *     ids_d     = (int32_t *) ids->data;
+    float *       bias_d    = bias ? (float *) bias->data : nullptr;
+
+    float scale_val = scale ? ggml_get_op_params_f32(scale, 0) : 1.0f;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(ids->type) == (size_t) n_experts);
+
+    const int n_expert_used = weights->ne[1];
+
+    const bool with_norm = clamp != nullptr;
+
+    float clamp_val = -INFINITY;
+    if (clamp) {
+        clamp_val = ggml_get_op_params_f32(clamp, 0);
+    }
+
+    topk_moe_config config;
+    config.use_sigmoid     = args.sigmoid;
+    config.with_norm       = with_norm;
+    config.delayed_softmax = args.delayed_softmax;
+
+    if (bias) {
+        launch_topk_moe_cuda<true>(ctx, logits_d, weights_d, ids_d, bias_d, n_rows, n_experts, n_expert_used, clamp_val,
+                             scale_val, config);
+    } else {
+        launch_topk_moe_cuda<false>(ctx, logits_d, weights_d, ids_d, bias_d, n_rows, n_experts, n_expert_used, clamp_val,
+                             scale_val, config);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_topk_moe(const ggml_tensor * gating_op,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * weights,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * logits,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * ids) {
+    const int n_expert = ids->nb[1] / ids->nb[0];
+    if (((n_expert & (n_expert - 1)) != 0 || n_expert > 512) && n_expert != 576) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(weights) || !ggml_is_contiguous(logits)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (gating_op->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
+        const ggml_tensor * softmax  = gating_op;
+        float               scale    = 1.0f;
+        float               max_bias = 0.0f;
+
+        memcpy(&scale, (const float *) softmax->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+        memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) softmax->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(softmax->src[0])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (scale != 1.0f || max_bias != 0.0f) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // don't fuse when masks or sinks are present
+        if (softmax->src[1] || softmax->src[2]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else if (gating_op->op == GGML_OP_UNARY) {
+        ggml_unary_op op = ggml_get_unary_op(gating_op);
+
+        if (op != GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..243dc2f1c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+struct ggml_cuda_topk_moe_args {
+    bool sigmoid{};
+    bool softmax{};
+    bool delayed_softmax{};
+    bool prob_bias{};
+    bool norm{};
+    bool scale{};
+};
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_topk_moe(ggml_backend_cuda_context &     ctx,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             logits,
+                           ggml_tensor *                   weights,
+                           ggml_tensor *                   ids,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             clamp,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             scale,
+                           const ggml_tensor *             bias,
+                           const ggml_cuda_topk_moe_args & args);
+
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_topk_moe(const ggml_tensor * gating_op,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * weights,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * logits,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * ids);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tri.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tri.cu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44156b63e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tri.cu
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+#include "tri.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+template<typename T, bool prefix_keep, int add_to_split>
+static __global__ void tri_kernel(
+        const T * src, T * dst,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02, const int64_t nb03,
+        const int64_t nb0,  const int64_t nb1,  const int64_t nb2,  const int64_t nb3) {
+    const int64_t i3 = blockIdx.z;
+    const int64_t i2 = blockIdx.y;
+    const int64_t i1 = blockIdx.x;
+    const int64_t split_point = i1 + add_to_split;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(nb00, nb0);
+
+    if (i3 >= ne03 || i2 >= ne02 || i1 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const T * src_row = src + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03;
+    T       * dst_row = dst + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3;
+
+    if constexpr (prefix_keep) {
+        for (int64_t i0 = threadIdx.x; i0 < split_point; i0 += blockDim.x) {
+            dst_row[i0] = src_row[i0];
+        }
+        for (int64_t i0 = threadIdx.x + split_point; i0 < ne00; i0 += blockDim.x) {
+            dst_row[i0] = ggml_cuda_cast<T, float>(0.0f);
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (int64_t i0 = threadIdx.x; i0 < split_point; i0 += blockDim.x) {
+            dst_row[i0] = ggml_cuda_cast<T, float>(0.0f);
+        }
+        for (int64_t i0 = threadIdx.x + split_point; i0 < ne00; i0 += blockDim.x) {
+            dst_row[i0] = src_row[i0];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void tri_cuda(
+        const T * src, T * dst,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01, const int64_t nb02, const int64_t nb03,
+        const int64_t nb0,  const int64_t nb1,  const int64_t nb2,  const int64_t nb3,
+        const ggml_tri_type ttype,
+        cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    dim3 block_dims(CUDA_TRI_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    dim3 grid_dims(ne01, ne02, ne03);
+    const size_t type_size = sizeof(T);
+
+    const int add_to_split = (ttype == GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG || ttype == GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER) ? 1 : 0;
+    const bool prefix_keep = (ttype == GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER || ttype == GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG);
+
+    if (prefix_keep) {
+        if (add_to_split == 0) {
+            tri_kernel<T, true, 0><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                src, dst,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                nb00 / type_size, nb01 / type_size, nb02 / type_size, nb03 / type_size,
+                nb0 / type_size, nb1 / type_size, nb2 / type_size, nb3 / type_size
+            );
+        } else { // only 0 and 1 supported
+            tri_kernel<T, true, 1><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                src, dst,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                nb00 / type_size, nb01 / type_size, nb02 / type_size, nb03 / type_size,
+                nb0 / type_size, nb1 / type_size, nb2 / type_size, nb3 / type_size
+            );
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (add_to_split == 0) {
+            tri_kernel<T, false, 0><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                src, dst,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                nb00 / type_size, nb01 / type_size, nb02 / type_size, nb03 / type_size,
+                nb0 / type_size, nb1 / type_size, nb2 / type_size, nb3 / type_size
+            );
+        } else {
+            tri_kernel<T, false, 1><<<grid_dims, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
+                src, dst,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                nb00 / type_size, nb01 / type_size, nb02 / type_size, nb03 / type_size,
+                nb0 / type_size, nb1 / type_size, nb2 / type_size, nb3 / type_size
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_tri(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    const ggml_tri_type ttype = static_cast<ggml_tri_type>(ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+
+    switch(src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                tri_cuda(
+                    (const float *)src0->data, (float *)dst->data,
+                    src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
+                    src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                    dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3],
+                    ttype, stream
+                );
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                tri_cuda(
+                    (const half *)src0->data, (half *)dst->data,
+                    src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
+                    src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                    dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3],
+                    ttype, stream
+                );
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                tri_cuda(
+                    (const nv_bfloat16 *)src0->data, (nv_bfloat16 *)dst->data,
+                    src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
+                    src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                    dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3],
+                    ttype, stream
+                );
+            } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tri.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tri.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4cc66750d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tri.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_TRI_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_tri(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tsembd.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tsembd.cu
index 153ddbcda92..b91a26fc80e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tsembd.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/tsembd.cu
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ static __global__ void timestep_embedding_f32(const float * timesteps, float * d
     int j = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
     float * embed_data = (float *)((char *)dst +  i*nb1);
 
-    if (dim % 2 != 0 && j == ((dim + 1) / 2)) {
-        embed_data[dim] = 0.f;
+    int half = dim / 2;
+    if (dim % 2 != 0 && j == half) {
+        embed_data[2 * half] = 0.f;
     }
 
-    int half = dim / 2;
     if (j >= half) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
index 2c0375fbe3c..4ad30fa1f35 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "unary.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_abs(float x) {
     return fabsf(x);
@@ -17,10 +18,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_step(float x) {
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_gelu(float x) {
-    const float GELU_COEF_A    = 0.044715f;
-    const float SQRT_2_OVER_PI = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
-
-    return 0.5f*x*(1.0f + tanhf(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x*x)));
+    return ggml_cuda_op_gelu_single(x);
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_gelu_erf(float x) {
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_gelu_quick(float x) {
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_silu(float x) {
-    return x / (1.0f + expf(-x));
+    return ggml_cuda_op_silu_single(x);
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_tanh(float x) {
@@ -83,6 +81,34 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_log(float x) {
     return logf(x);
 }
 
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_expm1(float x) {
+    return expm1f(x);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_softplus(float x) {
+    return (x > 20.0f) ? x : logf(1.0f + expf(x));
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_elu(float x) {
+    return (x > 0.f) ? x : expm1f(x);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_floor(float x) {
+    return floorf(x);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_ceil(float x) {
+    return ceilf(x);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_round(float x) {
+    return round(x);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_trunc(float x) {
+    return trunc(x);
+}
+
 template <float (*op)(float), typename T>
 static __global__ void unary_op_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k) {
     const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
@@ -196,6 +222,253 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_log(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_log>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
+void ggml_cuda_op_elu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_elu>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_floor(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_floor>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_ceil(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_ceil>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_round(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_round>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_trunc(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_trunc>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_expm1(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_expm1>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_softplus(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary<op_softplus>(ctx, dst);
+}
+/* gated ops */
+
+template <float (*op)(float), typename T>
+static __global__ void unary_gated_op_kernel(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const int64_t k, const int64_t n, const int64_t o0, const int64_t o1) {
+    const int64_t i = int64_t(blockDim.x)*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // perform base op and multiply with gate (either offset in same tensor or a separate one)
+    const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+    const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+
+    dst[i] = (T)(op((float)x[j0]) * (float)g[j1]);
+}
+
+template <float (*op)(float), typename T>
+static void unary_gated_cuda(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const int64_t k, const int64_t n, const int64_t o0, const int64_t o1, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (k + CUDA_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    unary_gated_op_kernel<op><<<num_blocks, CUDA_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, g, dst, k, n, o0, o1);
+}
+
+template <float (*op)(float)>
+void ggml_cuda_op_unary_gated(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    void * src0_d = src0->data;
+    void * src1_d = src1 ? src1->data : src0->data;
+    const int64_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const int64_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+    const int64_t nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == ggml_nrows(src0));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[0] == nc);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
+
+    const int32_t swapped = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        half * src0_p = (half *) src0_d;
+        half * src1_p = (half *) src1_d;
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        unary_gated_cuda<op>(src0_p, src1_p, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(dst), nc, src0_o / sizeof(half), src1_o / sizeof(half), stream);
+    } else {
+        float * src0_p = (float *) src0_d;
+        float * src1_p = (float *) src1_d;
+
+        if (!src1) {
+            src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+            src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+        }
+
+        unary_gated_cuda<op>(src0_p, src1_p, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(dst), nc, src0_o / sizeof(float), src1_o / sizeof(float), stream);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_reglu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary_gated<op_relu>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_geglu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary_gated<op_gelu>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_swiglu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary_gated<op_silu>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_geglu_erf(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary_gated<op_gelu_erf>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_geglu_quick(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_cuda_op_unary_gated<op_gelu_quick>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+// swiglu_oai
+
+template <typename T>
+static __global__ void swiglu_oai_kernel(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const int64_t k, const int64_t n, const int64_t o0, const int64_t o1, float alpha, float limit) {
+    const int64_t i = int64_t(blockDim.x)*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // perform base op and multiply with gate (either offset in same tensor or a separate one)
+    const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+    const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+
+    float xi = x[j0];
+    float gi = g[j1];
+
+    dst[i] = ggml_cuda_op_swiglu_oai_single(xi, gi, alpha, limit);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void swiglu_oai_cuda(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const int64_t k, const int64_t n, const int64_t o0, const int64_t o1, const float alpha, const float limit, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (k + CUDA_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    swiglu_oai_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, g, dst, k, n, o0, o1, alpha, limit);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_swiglu_oai(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    void * src0_d = src0->data;
+    void * src1_d = src1 ? src1->data : src0->data;
+    const int64_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const int64_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+    const int64_t nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == ggml_nrows(src0));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[0] == nc);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
+
+    //const int32_t swapped = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const float alpha = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2);
+    const float limit = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 3);
+
+    float * src0_p = (float *) src0_d;
+    float * src1_p = (float *) src1_d;
+
+    if (!src1) {
+        src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+        src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+    }
+
+    swiglu_oai_cuda(src0_p, src1_p, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(dst), nc, src0_o / sizeof(float), src1_o / sizeof(float), alpha, limit, stream);
+}
+
+/* CUDA kernel + launcher for xIELU */
+
+template <typename T>
+static __global__ void xielu_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, float alpha_n, float alpha_p, float beta, float eps) {
+    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float xi = ggml_cuda_cast<float>(x[i]);
+
+    const float gate_pos = (xi > 0.0f);
+    const float y_pos = alpha_p * xi * xi + beta * xi;
+    const float min_v_eps = fminf(xi, eps);
+    const float y_neg = (expm1f(min_v_eps) - xi) * alpha_n + beta * xi;
+    const float out = gate_pos * y_pos + (1.0f - gate_pos) * y_neg;
+
+    dst[i] = ggml_cuda_cast<T>(out);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void xielu_cuda(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, float alpha_n, float alpha_p, float beta, float eps, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_XIELU_BLOCK_SIZE) / CUDA_XIELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    xielu_kernel<<<num_blocks, CUDA_XIELU_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, k, alpha_n, alpha_p, beta, eps);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_xielu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+
+    const float alpha_n = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 1);
+    const float alpha_p = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2);
+    const float beta    = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 3);
+    const float eps     = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 4);
+
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        xielu_cuda((const half *)src0_d, (half *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), alpha_n, alpha_p, beta, eps, stream);
+    } else {
+        xielu_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), alpha_n, alpha_p, beta, eps, stream);
+    }
+}
+
+
+
 /* silu_back */
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_silu_back(float grad, float x) {
@@ -287,3 +560,58 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
         leaky_relu_cuda((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(src0), negative_slope, stream);
     }
 }
+
+/* fused unary + mul */
+
+template <float (*op)(float)>
+static void ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * unary_node, ggml_tensor * mul_node) {
+    // unary_node: UNARY op applied to unary_node->src[0]
+    // mul_node:   MUL(a, b) where one of a/b is unary_node
+    // Output goes to mul_node->data
+
+    const ggml_tensor * unary_src = unary_node->src[0];  // input to the unary op
+    const ggml_tensor * other_src = (mul_node->src[0] == unary_node) ? mul_node->src[1] : mul_node->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(unary_src));
+    GGML_ASSERT(unary_src->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(unary_src));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(other_src));
+    GGML_ASSERT(other_src->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(other_src));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(unary_src, other_src));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(unary_src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || unary_src->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(unary_src->type == other_src->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(unary_src->type == mul_node->type);
+
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    const int64_t k  = ggml_nelements(mul_node);
+    const int64_t nc = unary_src->ne[0];
+    const int64_t unary_stride = unary_src->nb[1];
+    const int64_t other_stride = other_src->nb[1];
+
+    if (unary_src->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        unary_gated_cuda<op>((const half *) unary_src->data, (const half *) other_src->data,
+                             (half *) mul_node->data, k, nc,
+                             unary_stride / sizeof(half), other_stride / sizeof(half), stream);
+    } else {
+        unary_gated_cuda<op>((const float *) unary_src->data, (const float *) other_src->data,
+                             (float *) mul_node->data, k, nc,
+                             unary_stride / sizeof(float), other_stride / sizeof(float), stream);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * unary_node, ggml_tensor * mul_node) {
+    switch (ggml_get_unary_op(unary_node)) {
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
+            ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul_impl<op_silu>(ctx, unary_node, mul_node);
+            break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
+            ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul_impl<op_sigmoid>(ctx, unary_node, mul_node);
+            break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+            ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul_impl<op_softplus>(ctx, unary_node, mul_node);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported unary op for fused unary+mul");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cuh
index 6686fc17e91..f1dd2183a6c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cuh
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
 #include "common.cuh"
 
 #define CUDA_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE 256
@@ -15,6 +16,8 @@
 #define CUDA_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define CUDA_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define CUDA_COS_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+#define CUDA_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+#define CUDA_XIELU_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_abs(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
@@ -57,3 +60,53 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_sin(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_cuda_op_cos(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_log(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_expm1(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_softplus(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_elu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_floor(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_ceil(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_round(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_trunc(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_reglu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_geglu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_swiglu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_swiglu_oai(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_geglu_erf(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_geglu_quick(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_xielu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * unary_node, ggml_tensor * mul_node);
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ float ggml_cuda_op_silu_single(float x) {
+    return x / (1.0f + expf(-x));
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ float ggml_cuda_op_gelu_single(float x) {
+    const float GELU_COEF_A    = 0.044715f;
+    const float SQRT_2_OVER_PI = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
+
+    return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + tanhf(SQRT_2_OVER_PI * x * (1.0f + GELU_COEF_A * x * x)));
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ float ggml_cuda_op_swiglu_oai_single(float x, float g, float alpha = 1.702f, float limit = 7.0f) {
+    x = fminf(x, limit);
+    g = fmaxf(fminf(g, limit), -limit);
+
+    float out_glu = x / (1.0f + expf(-x * alpha));
+    out_glu = out_glu * (1.0f + g);
+    return out_glu;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/upscale.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/upscale.cu
index 524e9795742..6bdf3cd996b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/upscale.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/upscale.cu
@@ -22,17 +22,238 @@ static __global__ void upscale_f32(const float * x, float * dst,
     dst[index] = *( (const float *)((const char *)x + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01 + i00 * nb00) );
 }
 
+static __global__ void upscale_f32_bilinear(const float * x, float * dst,
+        const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02, const int nb03,
+        const int ne00_src, const int ne01_src,
+        const int ne10_dst, const int ne11_dst, const int ne12_dst, const int ne13_dst,
+        const float sf0, const float sf1, const float sf2, const float sf3,
+        const float pixel_offset) {
+    const int64_t index              = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
+    const int64_t dst_total_elements = ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst * ne13_dst;
+
+    if (index >= dst_total_elements) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int i10_dst = index % ne10_dst;
+    const int i11_dst = (index / ne10_dst) % ne11_dst;
+    const int i12_dst = (index / (ne10_dst * ne11_dst)) % ne12_dst;
+    const int i13_dst = index / (ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst);
+
+    const int i02_src = (int)(i12_dst / sf2);
+    const int i03_src = (int)(i13_dst / sf3);
+
+    const float y_src_f = ((float)i11_dst + pixel_offset) / sf1 - pixel_offset;
+    int y0_src    = (int)floorf(y_src_f);
+    int y1_src    = y0_src + 1;
+
+    y0_src = max(0, min(y0_src, ne01_src - 1));
+    y1_src = max(0, min(y1_src, ne01_src - 1));
+
+    float dy = y_src_f - (float)y0_src;
+    dy       = max(0.0f, min(dy, 1.0f));
+
+    float x_src_f = ((float)i10_dst + pixel_offset) / sf0 - pixel_offset;
+    int x0_src    = (int)floorf(x_src_f);
+    int x1_src    = x0_src + 1;
+
+    x0_src = max(0, min(x0_src, ne00_src - 1));
+    x1_src = max(0, min(x1_src, ne00_src - 1));
+
+    float dx = x_src_f - (float)x0_src;
+    dx = max(0.0f, min(dx, 1.0f));
+
+    const float * p_a = (const float *)((const char *)x + (int64_t)x0_src * nb00 + (int64_t)y0_src * nb01 + (int64_t)i02_src * nb02 + (int64_t)i03_src * nb03);
+    const float * p_b = (const float *)((const char *)x + (int64_t)x1_src * nb00 + (int64_t)y0_src * nb01 + (int64_t)i02_src * nb02 + (int64_t)i03_src * nb03);
+    const float * p_c = (const float *)((const char *)x + (int64_t)x0_src * nb00 + (int64_t)y1_src * nb01 + (int64_t)i02_src * nb02 + (int64_t)i03_src * nb03);
+    const float * p_d = (const float *)((const char *)x + (int64_t)x1_src * nb00 + (int64_t)y1_src * nb01 + (int64_t)i02_src * nb02 + (int64_t)i03_src * nb03);
+
+    const float val_a = *p_a;
+    const float val_b = *p_b;
+    const float val_c = *p_c;
+    const float val_d = *p_d;
+
+    float result = val_a * (1.0f - dx) * (1.0f - dy) +
+                   val_b * dx * (1.0f - dy) +
+                   val_c * (1.0f - dx) * dy +
+                   val_d * dx * dy;
+
+    dst[index] = result;
+}
+
+// Similar to F.interpolate(..., mode="bilinear", align_corners=False, antialias=True)
+// https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/8871ff29b743948d1225389d5b7068f37b22750b/aten/src/ATen/native/cpu/UpSampleKernel.cpp
+static __global__ void upscale_f32_bilinear_antialias(const float * src0, float * dst,
+        const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02, const int nb03,
+        const int ne00_src, const int ne01_src,
+        const int ne10_dst, const int ne11_dst, const int ne12_dst, const int ne13_dst,
+        const float sf0, const float sf1, const float sf2, const float sf3,
+        const float pixel_offset) {
+    const int64_t index              = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
+    const int64_t dst_total_elements = ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst * ne13_dst;
+
+    if (index >= dst_total_elements) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int i10_dst = index % ne10_dst;
+    const int i11_dst = (index / ne10_dst) % ne11_dst;
+    const int i12_dst = (index / (ne10_dst * ne11_dst)) % ne12_dst;
+    const int i13_dst = index / (ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst);
+
+    const int i02_src = (int)(i12_dst / sf2);
+    const int i03_src = (int)(i13_dst / sf3);
+
+    const float y = ((float)i11_dst + pixel_offset) / sf1;
+    const float x = ((float)i10_dst + pixel_offset) / sf0;
+
+    // support and invscale, minimum 1 pixel for bilinear
+    const float support1  = max(1.0f / sf1, 1.0f);
+    const float invscale1 = 1.0f / support1;
+    const float support0  = max(1.0f / sf0, 1.0f);
+    const float invscale0 = 1.0f / support0;
+
+    // the range of source pixels that contribute
+    const int64_t x_min = max(int64_t(0), int64_t(x - support0 + pixel_offset));
+    const int64_t x_max = min(int64_t(ne00_src), int64_t(x + support0 + pixel_offset));
+    const int64_t y_min = max(int64_t(0), int64_t(y - support1 + pixel_offset));
+    const int64_t y_max = min(int64_t(ne01_src), int64_t(y + support1 + pixel_offset));
+
+    // bilinear filter with antialiasing
+    float val = 0.0f;
+    float total_weight = 0.0f;
+
+    auto triangle_filter = [](float x) -> float {
+        return max(1.0f - fabsf(x), 0.0f);
+    };
+
+    for (int64_t sy = y_min; sy < y_max; sy++) {
+        const float weight_y = triangle_filter((sy - y + pixel_offset) * invscale1);
+
+        for (int64_t sx = x_min; sx < x_max; sx++) {
+            const float weight_x = triangle_filter((sx - x + pixel_offset) * invscale0);
+            const float weight = weight_x * weight_y;
+
+            if (weight <= 0.0f) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const float pixel = *(const float *)((const char *)src0 + sx*nb00 + sy*nb01 + i02_src*nb02 + i03_src*nb03);
+            val += pixel * weight;
+            total_weight += weight;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (total_weight > 0.0f) {
+        val /= total_weight;
+    }
+
+    dst[index] = val;
+}
+
+namespace bicubic_interpolation {
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation#Bicubic_convolution_algorithm
+__device__ const float a = -0.75f; // use alpha = -0.75 (same as PyTorch)
+
+static __device__ float weight1(float x) { return ((a + 2) * x - (a + 3)) * x * x + 1; };
+static __device__ float weight2(float x) { return ((a * x - 5 * a) * x + 8 * a) * x - 4 * a; };
+
+static __device__ float bicubic(float p0, float p1, float p2, float p3, float x) {
+    const float w0 = weight2(x + 1);
+    const float w1 = weight1(x + 0);
+    const float w2 = weight1(1 - x);
+    const float w3 = weight2(2 - x);
+    return p0 * w0 + p1 * w1 + p2 * w2 + p3 * w3;
+};
+} // namespace bicubic_interpolation
+
+static __global__ void upscale_f32_bicubic(const float * x, float * dst,
+        const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02, const int nb03,
+        const int ne00_src, const int ne01_src,
+        const int ne10_dst, const int ne11_dst, const int ne12_dst, const int ne13_dst,
+        const float sf0, const float sf1, const float sf2, const float sf3,
+        const float pixel_offset) {
+    using bicubic_interpolation::bicubic;
+
+    const int64_t index              = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
+    const int64_t dst_total_elements = ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst * ne13_dst;
+
+    if (index >= dst_total_elements) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int i10_dst = index % ne10_dst;
+    const int i11_dst = (index / ne10_dst) % ne11_dst;
+    const int i12_dst = (index / (ne10_dst * ne11_dst)) % ne12_dst;
+    const int i13_dst = index / (ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst);
+
+    const int i02_src = (int)(i12_dst / sf2);
+    const int i03_src = (int)(i13_dst / sf3);
+
+    const float y_src_f = ((float)i11_dst + pixel_offset) / sf1 - pixel_offset;
+    const int y0_src    = (int)floorf(y_src_f);
+    const float dy      = y_src_f - (float)y0_src;
+
+    const float x_src_f = ((float)i10_dst + pixel_offset) / sf0 - pixel_offset;
+    const int x0_src    = (int)floorf(x_src_f);
+    const float dx      = x_src_f - (float)x0_src;
+
+    const char * x_base = (const char *)x + (int64_t)i02_src * nb02 + (int64_t)i03_src * nb03;
+
+    auto load = [=](int x_off, int y_off) -> float {
+        int i00_src = max(0, min(x0_src + x_off, ne00_src - 1));
+        int i01_src = max(0, min(y0_src + y_off, ne01_src - 1));
+        return *(const float *)(x_base + (int64_t)i00_src * nb00 + (int64_t)i01_src * nb01);
+    };
+
+    const float result = bicubic(
+        bicubic(load(-1,-1), load(0,-1), load(1,-1), load(2,-1), dx),
+        bicubic(load(-1, 0), load(0, 0), load(1, 0), load(2, 0), dx),
+        bicubic(load(-1, 1), load(0, 1), load(1, 1), load(2, 1), dx),
+        bicubic(load(-1, 2), load(0, 2), load(1, 2), load(2, 2), dx), dy);
+
+    dst[index] = result;
+}
+
 static void upscale_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst,
         const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02, const int nb03,
         const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int ne13,
         const float sf0, const float sf1, const float sf2, const float sf3,
         cudaStream_t stream) {
-    int dst_size = ne10 * ne11 * ne12 * ne13;
-    int num_blocks = (dst_size + CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    const int64_t dst_size   = ne10 * ne11 * ne12 * ne13;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (dst_size + CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
 
     upscale_f32<<<num_blocks, CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE,0,stream>>>(x, dst, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3);
 }
 
+static void upscale_f32_bilinear_cuda(const float * x, float * dst,
+        const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02, const int nb03,
+        const int ne00_src, const int ne01_src,
+        const int ne10_dst, const int ne11_dst, const int ne12_dst, const int ne13_dst,
+        const float sf0, const float sf1, const float sf2, const float sf3,
+        const float pixel_offset, bool antialias, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t dst_size   = ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst * ne13_dst;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (dst_size + CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    if (antialias) {
+        upscale_f32_bilinear_antialias<<<num_blocks, CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE,0,stream>>>(x, dst, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne00_src, ne01_src, ne10_dst, ne11_dst, ne12_dst, ne13_dst, sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, pixel_offset);
+    } else {
+        upscale_f32_bilinear<<<num_blocks, CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE,0,stream>>>(x, dst, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne00_src, ne01_src, ne10_dst, ne11_dst, ne12_dst, ne13_dst, sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, pixel_offset);
+    }
+}
+
+static void upscale_f32_bicubic_cuda(const float * x, float * dst,
+        const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02, const int nb03,
+        const int ne00_src, const int ne01_src,
+        const int ne10_dst, const int ne11_dst, const int ne12_dst, const int ne13_dst,
+        const float sf0, const float sf1, const float sf2, const float sf3,
+        const float pixel_offset, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t dst_size   = ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst * ne13_dst;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (dst_size + CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    upscale_f32_bicubic<<<num_blocks, CUDA_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE,0,stream>>>(x, dst, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne00_src, ne01_src, ne10_dst, ne11_dst, ne12_dst, ne13_dst, sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, pixel_offset);
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_upscale(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     const float * src0_d = (const float *)src0->data;
@@ -42,10 +263,31 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_upscale(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    const float sf0 = (float)dst->ne[0]/src0->ne[0];
-    const float sf1 = (float)dst->ne[1]/src0->ne[1];
-    const float sf2 = (float)dst->ne[2]/src0->ne[2];
+    const int mode_flags = dst->op_params[0];
+    const ggml_scale_mode mode = (ggml_scale_mode)(mode_flags & 0xFF);
+
+    float sf0 = (float)dst->ne[0]/src0->ne[0];
+    float sf1 = (float)dst->ne[1]/src0->ne[1];
+    float sf2 = (float)dst->ne[2]/src0->ne[2];
     const float sf3 = (float)dst->ne[3]/src0->ne[3];
 
-    upscale_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, stream);
+    float pixel_offset = 0.5f;
+    if (mode_flags & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ALIGN_CORNERS) {
+        sf0          = dst->ne[0] > 1 && src0->ne[0] > 1 ? (float)(dst->ne[0] - 1) / (src0->ne[0] - 1) : sf0;
+        sf1          = dst->ne[1] > 1 && src0->ne[1] > 1 ? (float)(dst->ne[1] - 1) / (src0->ne[1] - 1) : sf1;
+        pixel_offset = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
+        upscale_f32_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, stream);
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
+        const bool antialias = (mode_flags & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS);
+        upscale_f32_bilinear_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                                 src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+                                 sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, pixel_offset, antialias, stream);
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BICUBIC) {
+        upscale_f32_bicubic_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1], src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3],
+                                 src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+                                 sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, pixel_offset, stream);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vecdotq.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vecdotq.cuh
index ba195e1d100..ab803aca21b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vecdotq.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vecdotq.cuh
@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "common.cuh"
+
 #include <cstdint>
 
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_int_b1(const void * x, const int & i32) {
+    const uint8_t * x8 = (const uint8_t *) x;
+
+    int x32  = x8[4*i32 + 0] <<  0;
+    x32     |= x8[4*i32 + 1] <<  8;
+    x32     |= x8[4*i32 + 2] << 16;
+    x32     |= x8[4*i32 + 3] << 24;
+
+    return x32;
+}
+
 static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_int_b2(const void * x, const int & i32) {
     const uint16_t * x16 = (const uint16_t *) x; // assume at least 2 byte alignment
 
@@ -16,6 +28,81 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_int_b4(const void * x, const int & i32
     return ((const int *) x)[i32]; // assume at least 4 byte alignment
 }
 
+// q4 contains 8 indices with 4 bit each.
+// This function selects those bytes from table that are at those indices and returns them as int2.
+// The first int contains the bytes with even indices in q4, the second int contains the bytes with odd indices in q4.
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int2 get_int_from_table_16(const int & q4, const int8_t * table) {
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+    // Load the 16-byte table into four 32-bit unsigned integers.
+    const uint32_t *values = (const uint32_t *)table;
+
+    const uint32_t q_even = q4;
+    const uint32_t q_odd  = (q4 >> 4);
+
+    // Perform lookups in the lower half of the table (indices 0-7).
+    uint32_t v_even_low = __builtin_amdgcn_perm(values[1], values[0], q_even & 0x07070707);
+    uint32_t v_odd_low = __builtin_amdgcn_perm(values[1], values[0], q_odd & 0x07070707);
+
+    // Perform lookups in the upper half of the table (indices 8-15).
+    uint32_t v_even_high = __builtin_amdgcn_perm(values[3], values[2], q_even & 0x07070707);
+    uint32_t v_odd_high = __builtin_amdgcn_perm(values[3], values[2], q_odd & 0x07070707);
+
+    // Select between the low and high results based on the MSB of each index nibble.
+    uint32_t mask_even = 0x03020100 | ((q_even & 0x08080808) >> 1);
+    uint32_t res_x = __builtin_amdgcn_perm(v_even_high, v_even_low, mask_even);
+    uint32_t mask_odd = 0x03020100 | ((q_odd & 0x08080808) >> 1);
+    uint32_t res_y = __builtin_amdgcn_perm(v_odd_high, v_odd_low, mask_odd);
+
+    return make_int2(res_x, res_y);
+#elif !defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+    // CUDA does not have an instruction for selecting bytes with 4 bit indices.
+    // However, __byte_perm is an instruction that selects bytes with 3 bit indices that can be used instead.
+    const uint32_t * table32 = (const uint32_t *) table;
+
+    // __byte_perm selects bytes based on the lower 16 bits in its third argument.
+    // Therefore, do 2 iterations over the 32 bits in q4 with 0 and 16 shift.
+    // To handle the fourth bit, first call _byte_perm both for the low and the high 64 bit of table, using the low 3 bits.
+    // Then, call __byte_perm again to select from the low and high bytes based on the fourth bit.
+    uint32_t tmp[2];
+    const uint32_t low_high_selection_indices = (0x32103210 | ((q4 & 0x88888888) >> 1));
+#pragma unroll
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        const uint32_t shift = 16 * i;
+
+        const uint32_t low  = __byte_perm(table32[0], table32[1], q4 >> shift);
+        const uint32_t high = __byte_perm(table32[2], table32[3], q4 >> shift);
+        tmp[i] = __byte_perm(low, high, low_high_selection_indices >> shift);
+    }
+
+    // tmp contains the bytes from tyble in the same order as the 4 bit indices in q4.
+    // However, for the result we need ints with all even/odd 4 bit indices in q4.
+    // Therefore, 2 more calls to __byte_perm to put the bytes in the correct order.
+    return make_int2(__byte_perm(tmp[0], tmp[1], 0x6420), __byte_perm(tmp[0], tmp[1], 0x7531));
+#else
+    // Generic implementation.
+    const int      q0_32  = (q4 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    const int8_t * q0_8   = (const int8_t *) &q0_32;
+    const char4    val0_8 = make_char4(
+        table[q0_8[0]], table[q0_8[1]], table[q0_8[2]], table[q0_8[3]]);
+
+    const int      q1_32  = (q4 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    const int8_t * q1_8   = (const int8_t *) &q1_32;
+    const char4    val1_8 = make_char4(
+        table[q1_8[0]], table[q1_8[1]], table[q1_8[2]], table[q1_8[3]]);
+
+    return make_int2(*((const int *) &val0_8), *((const int *) &val1_8));
+#endif
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t unpack_ksigns(const uint8_t v) {
+    // v is a 7 bit int, with the 8th sign being encodable as popcnt
+    // with xor we can "correct" the bit instead of having to mask
+    const uint32_t p = __popc(v) & 1;
+    const uint32_t s = v ^ p << 7;
+    // broadcast over uint to allow for 0x08040201 / 0x80402010 as selectors
+    return s * 0x01010101;
+}
+
 // VDR = vec dot ratio, how many contiguous integers each thread processes when the vec dot kernel is called
 // MMVQ = mul_mat_vec_q, MMQ = mul_mat_q
 
@@ -61,7 +148,7 @@ template <int vdr> static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_imp
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(vi1, u[2*i+1], sumi);
     }
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
     const float2 tmp = __half22float2(__hmul2(dm4, ds8));
     const float d4d8 = tmp.x;
     const float m4s8 = tmp.y;
@@ -70,7 +157,7 @@ template <int vdr> static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_imp
     const float2 ds8f = __half22float2(ds8);
     const float d4d8 = dm4f.x * ds8f.x;
     const float m4s8 = dm4f.y * ds8f.y;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
 
     // scale second part of sum by QI8_1/(vdr * QR4_1) to compensate for multiple threads adding it
     return sumi * d4d8 + m4s8 / (QI8_1 / (vdr * QR4_1));
@@ -132,7 +219,7 @@ template <int vdr> static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_imp
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(vi1, u[2*i+1], sumi); // SIMD dot product of quantized values
     }
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
     const float2 tmp = __half22float2(__hmul2(dm5, ds8));
     const float d5d8 = tmp.x;
     const float m5s8 = tmp.y;
@@ -141,7 +228,7 @@ template <int vdr> static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_imp
     const float2 ds8f = __half22float2(ds8);
     const float d5d8 = dm5f.x * ds8f.x;
     const float m5s8 = dm5f.y * ds8f.y;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
 
     // scale second part of sum by QI5_1 / vdr to compensate for multiple threads adding it
     return sumi*d5d8 + m5s8 / (QI5_1 / vdr);
@@ -175,7 +262,7 @@ template <int vdr> static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_imp
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v[i], u[i], sumi);
     }
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
     const float2 tmp = __half22float2(__hmul2(dm8, ds8));
     const float d8d8 = tmp.x;
     const float m8s8 = tmp.y;
@@ -184,7 +271,7 @@ template <int vdr> static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_imp
     const float2 ds8f = __half22float2(ds8);
     const float d8d8 = dm8f.x * ds8f.x;
     const float m8s8 = dm8f.y * ds8f.y;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
 
     // scale second part of sum by QI8_1/ vdr to compensate for multiple threads adding it
     return sumi*d8d8 + m8s8 / (QI8_1 / vdr);
@@ -211,6 +298,30 @@ template <int vdr> static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q8_0_16_q8_1_
     return d8_1*sumf;
 }
 
+#define VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ 2
+#define VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMQ  4
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & kbx, const int & iqs) {
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * bq4 = (const block_mxfp4 *) vbq + kbx;
+
+    const int * q8 = (const int *) bq8_1->qs + iqs;
+
+    int sumi = 0;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int l = 0; l < VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ; ++l) {
+        const int aux_q4 = get_int_b1(bq4->qs, iqs + l);
+        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4, kvalues_mxfp4);
+
+        sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v.x, q8[l + 0], sumi);
+        sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v.y, q8[l + 4], sumi);
+    }
+
+    const float d = ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(bq4->e) * 0.5f * __low2float(bq8_1->ds);
+    return d * sumi;
+}
+
 #define VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMVQ 1
 #define VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMQ  4
 
@@ -803,22 +914,22 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_1(
     int sumi = 0;
 #pragma unroll
     for (int k0 = 0; k0 < 8; k0 += 2) {
-        const int * grid_pos = (const int *) (iq2xxs_grid + aux8[k0/2]);
-        const int signs_packed = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> (7*k0/2)) & 0x7F];
+        const uint2 grid_pos = ((const uint2*)iq2xxs_grid)[aux8[k0/2]];
+        const uint32_t signs = unpack_ksigns(aux32 >> (7 * k0 / 2));
 
-        const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(((signs_packed & 0x03) << 7) | ((signs_packed & 0x0C) << 21), 0x00000000);
-        const int grid0 = __vsub4(grid_pos[0] ^ signs0, signs0);
+        const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x08040201, 0);
+        const int grid0 = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs0, signs0);
         const int u0 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/2].qs, k0 + 0);
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(grid0, u0, sumi);
 
-        const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(((signs_packed & 0x30) << 3) | ((signs_packed & 0xC0) << 17), 0x00000000);
-        const int grid1 = __vsub4(grid_pos[1] ^ signs1, signs1);
+        const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x80402010, 0);
+        const int grid1 = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs1, signs1);
         const int u1 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/2].qs, k0 + 1);
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(grid1, u1, sumi);
     }
 
-    const int ls = aux32 >> 28;
-    sumi = (ls*sumi + sumi/2)/4;
+    const int ls = aux32 >> 27 | 1; // (scale * 2 + 1)
+    sumi = sumi * ls / 8;           // (sumi * scale + sumi / 2) / 4
     const float d = __half2float(bq2->d) * __low2float(bq8_1[iqs/2].ds);
     return d * sumi;
 }
@@ -840,13 +951,15 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_1(
     int sumi1 = 0;
 #pragma unroll
     for (int l0 = 0; l0 < 8; l0 += 2) {
-        const uint32_t * grid_pos = (const uint32_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l0/2] & 0x000001FF));
-        const uint32_t * signs    = (const uint32_t *)(ksigns64   + (q2[l0/2] >> 9));
-
-        const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos[0] ^ signs[0], signs[0]);
-        const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos[1] ^ signs[1], signs[1]);
+        const uint2 grid_pos = ((const uint2*)iq2xs_grid)[q2[l0/2] & 0x1FF];
+        const uint32_t signs = unpack_ksigns(q2[l0/2] >> 9);
 
+        const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x08040201, 0);
+        const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs0, signs0);
         const int u0 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/2].qs, l0 + 0);
+
+        const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x80402010, 0);
+        const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs1, signs1);
         const int u1 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/2].qs, l0 + 1);
 
         if (l0 < 4) {
@@ -926,13 +1039,16 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_1(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int l0 = 0; l0 < 8; l0 += 2) {
         const int2 grid_pos = make_int2(iq3xxs_grid[q3[l0 + 0]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[l0 + 1]]);
+        const uint32_t signs = unpack_ksigns(aux32 >> (7*l0/2));
 
-        const int * signs = (const int *)(ksigns64 + ((aux32 >> (7*l0/2)) & 0x7F));
-
-        const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs[0], signs[0]);
-        const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs[1], signs[1]);
+        const int signs0 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x08040201, 0);
+        const int grid_l = __vsub4(grid_pos.x ^ signs0, signs0);
 
         const int u0 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/2].qs, l0 + 0);
+
+        const int signs1 = __vcmpne4(signs & 0x80402010, 0);
+        const int grid_h = __vsub4(grid_pos.y ^ signs1, signs1);
+
         const int u1 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/2].qs, l0 + 1);
 
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(grid_l, u0, sumi);
@@ -1068,20 +1184,6 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_1(
     return d * ((sumi[0] + sumf[0]) * sc0 + (sumi[1] + sumf[1]) * sc1);
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ int2 get_int_from_table_16(const int & q4) {
-    const int      q0_32  = (q4 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-    const int8_t * q0_8   = (const int8_t *) &q0_32;
-    const char4    val0_8 = make_char4(
-        kvalues_iq4nl[q0_8[0]], kvalues_iq4nl[q0_8[1]], kvalues_iq4nl[q0_8[2]], kvalues_iq4nl[q0_8[3]]);
-
-    const int      q1_32  = (q4 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-    const int8_t * q1_8   = (const int8_t *) &q1_32;
-    const char4    val1_8 = make_char4(
-        kvalues_iq4nl[q1_8[0]], kvalues_iq4nl[q1_8[1]], kvalues_iq4nl[q1_8[2]], kvalues_iq4nl[q1_8[3]]);
-
-    return make_int2(*((const int *) &val0_8), *((const int *) &val1_8));
-}
-
 #define VDR_IQ4_NL_Q8_1_MMVQ 2
 #define VDR_IQ4_NL_Q8_1_MMQ  4
 
@@ -1096,7 +1198,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_1(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int l = 0; l < VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMVQ; ++l) {
         const int aux_q4 = get_int_b2(bq4->qs, iqs + l);
-        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4);
+        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4, kvalues_iq4nl);
 
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v.x, q8[l + 0], sumi);
         sumi = ggml_cuda_dp4a(v.y, q8[l + 4], sumi);
@@ -1118,7 +1220,7 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_1(
 #pragma unroll
     for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
         const int aux_q4 = get_int_b4(bq4->qs, iqs + j);
-        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4);
+        const int2 v = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4, kvalues_iq4nl);
 
         const int u0 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/4].qs, j + 0);
         const int u1 = get_int_b4(bq8_1[iqs/4].qs, j + 4);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/cuda.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/cuda.h
index 1746b073203..ba032cfab4b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/cuda.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/cuda.h
@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@
 #include <cuda_bf16.h>
 #include <cuda_fp16.h>
 
+#if CUDART_VERSION >= 12050
+#include <cuda_fp8.h>
+#endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 12050
+
+#if CUDART_VERSION >= 12080
+#include <cuda_fp4.h>
+#endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 12080
+
 #if CUDART_VERSION < 11020
 #define CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT_SUPPORTED CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_MANAGEMENT_SUPPORTED
 #define CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH CUBLAS_TENSOR_OP_MATH
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h
index 1a28831b7a9..35d1e1a0639 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h
@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#define HIP_ENABLE_WARP_SYNC_BUILTINS 1
+#define HIP_DISABLE_WARP_SYNC_BUILTINS 1
 #include <hip/hip_runtime.h>
 #include <hipblas/hipblas.h>
 #include <hip/hip_fp16.h>
-#include <hip/hip_bfloat16.h>
-#ifdef __HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__
-// for rocblas_initialize()
-#include "rocblas/rocblas.h"
-#endif // __HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__
+#include <hip/hip_bf16.h>
+
+#if defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
+#include <rocwmma/rocwmma-version.hpp>
+#endif // defined(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
 
-#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F HIPBLAS_R_16F
-#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F HIPBLAS_R_32F
-#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F_FAST_16F HIPBLAS_R_32F
 #define CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT HIPBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT
 #define CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP HIPBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT
 #define CUBLAS_OP_N HIPBLAS_OP_N
@@ -22,6 +19,9 @@
 #define CUDA_R_16F  HIPBLAS_R_16F
 #define CUDA_R_16BF HIPBLAS_R_16B
 #define CUDA_R_32F  HIPBLAS_R_32F
+#define CUBLAS_SIDE_RIGHT HIPBLAS_SIDE_RIGHT
+#define CUBLAS_FILL_MODE_UPPER HIPBLAS_FILL_MODE_UPPER
+#define CUBLAS_DIAG_NON_UNIT HIPBLAS_DIAG_NON_UNIT
 #define CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT_SUPPORTED hipDeviceAttributeVirtualMemoryManagementSupported
 #define CU_MEM_ALLOC_GRANULARITY_RECOMMENDED hipMemAllocationGranularityRecommended
 #define CU_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED hipMemAllocationTypePinned
@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@
 #define CU_MEM_ACCESS_FLAGS_PROT_READWRITE hipMemAccessFlagsProtReadWrite
 #define CU_CHECK(fn) {hipError_t err = fn; if(err != hipSuccess) { GGML_ABORT("HipVMM Failure: %s\n", hipGetErrorString(err)); }}
 #define __shfl_sync(mask, var, laneMask, width) __shfl(var, laneMask, width)
+#define __shfl_up_sync(mask, var, laneMask, width) __shfl_up(var, laneMask, width)
 #define __shfl_xor_sync(mask, var, laneMask, width) __shfl_xor(var, laneMask, width)
-#define cublasComputeType_t hipblasDatatype_t //deprecated, new hipblasComputeType_t not in 5.6
+#define __all_sync(mask, var) __all(var)
+#define __any_sync(mask, var) __any(var)
+#define cublasStrsmBatched hipblasStrsmBatched
 #define cublasCreate hipblasCreate
 #define cublasDestroy hipblasDestroy
 #define cublasGemmEx hipblasGemmEx
@@ -42,10 +45,11 @@
 #define cublasSgemm hipblasSgemm
 #define cublasStatus_t hipblasStatus_t
 #define cublasOperation_t hipblasOperation_t
-#define cudaDataType_t hipblasDatatype_t //deprecated, new hipblasDatatype not in 5.6
+#define cudaDevAttrCooperativeLaunch hipDeviceAttributeCooperativeLaunch
 #define cudaDeviceCanAccessPeer hipDeviceCanAccessPeer
 #define cudaDeviceDisablePeerAccess hipDeviceDisablePeerAccess
 #define cudaDeviceEnablePeerAccess hipDeviceEnablePeerAccess
+#define cudaDeviceGetAttribute hipDeviceGetAttribute
 #define cudaDeviceProp hipDeviceProp_t
 #define cudaDeviceSynchronize hipDeviceSynchronize
 #define cudaError_t hipError_t
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@
 #define cudaHostRegisterPortable hipHostRegisterPortable
 #define cudaHostRegisterReadOnly hipHostRegisterReadOnly
 #define cudaHostUnregister hipHostUnregister
+#define cudaLaunchCooperativeKernel hipLaunchCooperativeKernel
 #define cudaLaunchHostFunc hipLaunchHostFunc
 #define cudaMalloc hipMalloc
 #define cudaMallocHost(ptr, size) hipHostMalloc(ptr, size, hipHostMallocDefault)
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@
 #define cudaStreamNonBlocking hipStreamNonBlocking
 #define cudaStreamPerThread hipStreamPerThread
 #define cudaStreamSynchronize hipStreamSynchronize
-#define cudaStreamWaitEvent(stream, event, flags) hipStreamWaitEvent(stream, event, flags)
+#define cudaStreamWaitEvent hipStreamWaitEvent
 #define cudaGraphExec_t hipGraphExec_t
 #define cudaGraphNode_t hipGraphNode_t
 #define cudaKernelNodeParams hipKernelNodeParams
@@ -133,6 +138,8 @@
 #define cudaStream_t hipStream_t
 #define cudaSuccess hipSuccess
 #define cudaOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor hipOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor
+#define cudaFuncSetAttribute hipFuncSetAttribute
+#define cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize hipFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize
 #define __trap() do { abort(); __builtin_unreachable(); } while(0)
 #define CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS HIPBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS
 #define CUBLAS_STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED HIPBLAS_STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED
@@ -144,24 +151,69 @@
 #define CUBLAS_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR HIPBLAS_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR
 #define CUBLAS_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED HIPBLAS_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED
 
+#if HIP_VERSION >= 60500000
+#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F HIPBLAS_COMPUTE_16F
+#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F HIPBLAS_COMPUTE_32F
+#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F_FAST_16F HIPBLAS_COMPUTE_32F_FAST_16F
+#define cublasComputeType_t hipblasComputeType_t
+#define cudaDataType_t hipDataType
+#else
+#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F HIPBLAS_R_16F
+#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F HIPBLAS_R_32F
+#define CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F_FAST_16F HIPBLAS_R_32F
+#define cublasComputeType_t hipblasDatatype_t
+#define cudaDataType_t hipblasDatatype_t
+#endif // HIP_VERSION >= 6050000
+
+#if !defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+#error "The HIP backend supports only AMD targets"
+#endif // !defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+
 #define __CUDA_ARCH__ 1300
 
-#if defined(__gfx803__) || defined(__gfx900__) || defined(__gfx906__)
+#if defined(__gfx900__) || defined(__gfx906__)
+#define GCN5
+#endif // defined(__gfx900__) || defined(__gfx906__)
+
+#if defined(__gfx803__)
+#define GCN4
+#endif // defined(__gfx803__)
+
+#if defined(GCN5) || defined(GCN4)
 #define GCN
-#endif
+#endif // defined(GCN5) || defined(GCN4)
 
-#if defined(__gfx908__) || defined(__gfx90a__) || defined(__gfx942__)
-#define CDNA
-#endif
+#if defined(__gfx942__)
+#define CDNA3
+#endif // defined(__gfx942__)
+
+#if defined(__gfx90a__)
+#define CDNA2
+#endif // defined(__gfx90a__)
+
+#if defined(__gfx908__)
+#define CDNA1
+#endif // defined(__gfx908__)
+
+#if defined(CDNA3) || defined(CDNA2) || defined(CDNA1)
+#define CDNA // For the entire family
+#endif // defined(CDNA3) || defined(CDNA2) || defined(CDNA1)
 
 #if defined(__GFX12__)
 #define RDNA4
-#endif
+#endif // defined(__GFX12__)
 
-#if defined(__gfx1100__) || defined(__gfx1101__) || defined(__gfx1102__) || defined(__gfx1103__) || \
-    defined(__gfx1150__) || defined(__gfx1151__)
+#if defined(__GFX11__)
 #define RDNA3
-#endif
+#endif // defined(__GFX11__)
+
+#if defined(__gfx1150__) || defined(__gfx1151__)
+#define RDNA3_5
+#endif // defined(__gfx1150__) || defined(__gfx1151__)
+
+#if defined(RDNA3) && !defined(RDNA3_5)
+#define RDNA3_0
+#endif // defined(RDNA3) && !defined(RDNA3_5)
 
 #if defined(__gfx1030__) || defined(__gfx1031__) || defined(__gfx1032__) || defined(__gfx1033__) || \
     defined(__gfx1034__) || defined(__gfx1035__) || defined(__gfx1036__) || defined(__gfx1037__)
@@ -170,13 +222,18 @@
 
 #if defined(__gfx1010__) || defined(__gfx1012__)
 #define RDNA1
-#endif
+#endif // defined(__gfx1010__) || defined(__gfx1012__)
+
+#if defined(RDNA4) || defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA2) || defined(RDNA1)
+#define RDNA // For the entire family
+#endif // defined(RDNA4) || defined(RDNA3) || defined(RDNA2) || defined(RDNA1)
 
 #ifndef __has_builtin
     #define __has_builtin(x) 0
 #endif
 
-typedef hip_bfloat16 nv_bfloat16;
+typedef __hip_bfloat16 nv_bfloat16;
+typedef __hip_bfloat162 nv_bfloat162;
 
 typedef int8_t int8x4_t __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4)));
 typedef uint8_t uint8x4_t __attribute__((ext_vector_type(4)));
@@ -227,17 +284,3 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ unsigned int __vcmpne4(unsigned int a, unsigne
     }
     return c;
 }
-
-#if defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__) && HIP_VERSION < 50600000
-// __shfl_xor() for half2 was added in ROCm 5.6
-static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 __shfl_xor(half2 var, int laneMask, int width) {
-    typedef union half2_b32 {
-        half2 val;
-        int   b32;
-    } half2_b32_t;
-    half2_b32_t tmp;
-    tmp.val = var;
-    tmp.b32 = __shfl_xor(tmp.b32, laneMask, width);
-    return tmp.val;
-}
-#endif // defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__) && HIP_VERSION < 50600000
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/musa.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/musa.h
index 937779a90af..1abb8acfd4b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/musa.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/musa.h
@@ -12,11 +12,16 @@
 #define CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP MUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT
 #define CUBLAS_OP_N MUBLAS_OP_N
 #define CUBLAS_OP_T MUBLAS_OP_T
+#define CUBLAS_DEFAULT_MATH MUBLAS_DEFAULT_MATH
+#define CUBLAS_SIDE_RIGHT MUBLAS_SIDE_RIGHT
+#define CUBLAS_FILL_MODE_UPPER MUBLAS_FILL_MODE_UPPER
+#define CUBLAS_DIAG_NON_UNIT MUBLAS_DIAG_NON_UNIT
 #define CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS MUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS
-#define CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH MUBLAS_MATH_MODE_DEFAULT
+#define CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH MUBLAS_TENSOR_OP_MATH
 #define CUDA_R_16F  MUSA_R_16F
 #define CUDA_R_16BF MUSA_R_16BF
 #define CUDA_R_32F  MUSA_R_32F
+#define cublasStrsmBatched mublasStrsmBatched
 #define cublasComputeType_t cudaDataType_t
 #define cublasCreate mublasCreate
 #define cublasDestroy mublasDestroy
@@ -29,7 +34,7 @@
 #define cublasSgemm mublasSgemm
 #define cublasStatus_t mublasStatus_t
 #define cublasOperation_t mublasOperation_t
-#define cublasGetStatusString mublasStatus_to_string
+#define cublasGetStatusString mublasGetStatusString
 #define cudaDataType_t musaDataType_t
 #define cudaDeviceCanAccessPeer musaDeviceCanAccessPeer
 #define cudaDeviceDisablePeerAccess musaDeviceDisablePeerAccess
@@ -56,6 +61,7 @@
 #define cudaHostRegisterPortable musaHostRegisterPortable
 #define cudaHostRegisterReadOnly musaHostRegisterReadOnly
 #define cudaHostUnregister musaHostUnregister
+#define cudaLaunchCooperativeKernel musaLaunchCooperativeKernel
 #define cudaLaunchHostFunc musaLaunchHostFunc
 #define cudaMalloc musaMalloc
 #define cudaMallocHost musaMallocHost
@@ -137,4 +143,5 @@
 #define cudaStreamEndCapture musaStreamEndCapture
 #define cudaOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor musaOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor
 
-typedef mt_bfloat16 nv_bfloat16;
+typedef __mt_bfloat16 nv_bfloat16;
+typedef __mt_bfloat162 nv_bfloat162;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3a583543c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}"   HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT)
+file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT}" HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT)
+
+if (NOT IS_DIRECTORY "${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Make sure HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT point to the correct Hexagon SDK installation.")
+endif()
+
+if (NOT IS_DIRECTORY "${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT}")
+    message("Try to read HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT from hexagon_sdk.json")
+    file(READ "${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/hexagon_sdk.json" HEXAGON_SDK_CONFIG_PATH)
+    string(JSON HEXAGON_TOOLS_PATH GET ${HEXAGON_SDK_CONFIG_PATH} "root" "tools" "info" 0 "path")
+    message("Found HEXAGON_TOOLS_PATH: ${HEXAGON_TOOLS_PATH}")
+    set(HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT "${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/${HEXAGON_TOOLS_PATH}")
+    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT}" HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT)
+    if (NOT IS_DIRECTORY "${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT}")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Make sure HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT point to the correct Hexagon SDK installation.")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+message(STATUS "hexagon: using ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT} and ${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT} for building libggml-htp skels")
+
+include(${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/build/cmake/hexagon_fun.cmake)
+include(ExternalProject)
+
+option(GGML_HEXAGON_HTP_DEBUG "ggml-hexagon: enable HTP debug output" OFF)
+set(GGML_HEXAGON_HTP_CERT  "$ENV{HEXAGON_HTP_CERT}" CACHE PATH "ggml-hexagon: enable HTP library signing using certificate")
+set(GGML_HEXAGON_FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE 128 CACHE STRING "ggml-hexagon: quantize group size (32, 64, or 128)")
+
+add_library(htp_iface OBJECT
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/htp_iface_stub.c)
+
+set_target_properties(htp_iface PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+target_include_directories(htp_iface PUBLIC
+    ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/incs
+    ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/incs/stddef
+    ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/utils/examples
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/htp
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+build_idl(htp/htp_iface.idl htp_iface)
+
+if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES Android)
+    target_link_options(htp_iface PUBLIC -llog -ldl)
+elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES Windows)
+    target_precompile_headers(htp_iface PUBLIC <sal.h>)
+else()
+    target_link_options(htp_iface PUBLIC -ldl)
+endif()
+
+set(TARGET_NAME ggml-hexagon)
+ggml_add_backend_library(${TARGET_NAME}
+    ggml-hexagon.cpp
+    htp-drv.cpp
+    htp-drv.h
+    libdl.h
+    ../../include/ggml-hexagon.h)
+
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET_NAME} PRIVATE htp_iface)
+target_include_directories(${TARGET_NAME} PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/htp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+# Build HTP skels
+set(HTP_SKELS)
+function(build_htp_skel V)
+    ExternalProject_Add(htp-${V}
+        SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/htp BUILD_ALWAYS ON
+        BUILD_BYPRODUCTS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libggml-htp-${V}.so
+        CMAKE_ARGS
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+            -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/htp/cmake-toolchain.cmake
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+            -DHEXAGON_SDK_ROOT=${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}
+            -DHEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT=${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT}
+            -DHEXAGON_HTP_DEBUG=${GGML_HEXAGON_HTP_DEBUG}
+            -DGGML_HEXAGON_FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE=${GGML_HEXAGON_FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE}
+            -DDSP_VERSION=${V}
+            -DPREBUILT_LIB_DIR="toolv19_${V}")
+    list(APPEND HTP_SKELS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libggml-htp-${V}.so)
+    set(HTP_SKELS ${HTP_SKELS} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+build_htp_skel(v68)
+build_htp_skel(v69)
+build_htp_skel(v73)
+build_htp_skel(v75)
+build_htp_skel(v79)
+build_htp_skel(v81)
+
+# Install Hexagon skels required at runtime
+install(FILES ${HTP_SKELS} TYPE LIB)
+
+if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES Windows AND GGML_HEXAGON_HTP_CERT)
+    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "$ENV{WINDOWS_SDK_BIN}/arm64"      WINSDK_BIN0_ARM64)
+    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "$ENV{WINDOWS_SDK_BIN}/x86"        WINSDK_BIN0_X86)
+    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "$ENV{WindowsSdkVerBinPath}/arm64" WINSDK_BIN1_ARM64)
+    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "$ENV{WindowsSdkVerBinPath}/x86"   WINSDK_BIN1_X86)
+
+    set(WINSDK_PATHS ${WINSDK_BIN0_ARM64} ${WINSDK_BIN0_X86} ${WINSDK_BIN1_ARM64} ${WINSDK_BIN1_X86})
+
+    find_program(INF2CAT  NAMES inf2cat.exe  PATHS ${WINSDK_PATHS} REQUIRED)
+    find_program(SIGNTOOL NAMES signtool.exe PATHS ${WINSDK_PATHS} REQUIRED)
+
+    message(STATUS "hexagon: using ${GGML_HEXAGON_HTP_CERT} to sign libggml-htp skels")
+
+    set(LIBGGML_HTP_CAT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libggml-htp.cat)
+    add_custom_target(libggml-htp-cat
+        BYPRODUCTS ${LIBGGML_HTP_CAT}
+        DEPENDS libggml-htp.inf ${HTP_SKELS}
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libggml-htp.inf ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+        COMMAND ${INF2CAT} /driver:${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} /os:10_25H2_ARM64
+        COMMAND ${SIGNTOOL} sign /fd sha256 /f ${GGML_HEXAGON_HTP_CERT} ${LIBGGML_HTP_CAT}
+        COMMENT "generating and signing libggml-htp.cat file"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    add_dependencies(${TARGET_NAME} libggml-htp-cat)
+    install(FILES ${LIBGGML_HTP_CAT} TYPE LIB)
+endif()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/ggml-hexagon.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/ggml-hexagon.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19917cb1140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/ggml-hexagon.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3325 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#    include <sal.h>
+#else
+#    include <semaphore.h>
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnested-anon-types"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-anonymous-struct"
+
+#include <AEEStdErr.h>
+#include <dspqueue.h>
+#include <rpcmem.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_CPP
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "ggml-hexagon.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-quants.h"
+#include "op-desc.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp_iface.h"
+#include "htp-drv.h"
+
+static size_t opt_ndev         = 1;
+static size_t opt_nhvx         = 0; // use all
+static int    opt_arch         = 0; // autodetect
+static int    opt_etm          = 0;
+static int    opt_verbose      = 0;
+static int    opt_profile      = 0;
+static int    opt_hostbuf      = 1; // hostbuf ON by default
+static int    opt_experimental = 0;
+
+// Enable all stages by default
+static int opt_opmask = HTP_OPMASK_QUEUE | HTP_OPMASK_QUANTIZE | HTP_OPMASK_COMPUTE;
+static int opt_opsync = 0;  // synchronous ops
+
+#define HEX_VERBOSE(...) \
+    if (opt_verbose) GGML_LOG_DEBUG(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+static inline uint64_t hex_is_aligned(void * addr, uint32_t align) {
+    return ((size_t) addr & (align - 1)) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline size_t hex_round_up(size_t n, size_t m) {
+    return m * ((n + m - 1) / m);
+}
+
+static const char * status_to_str(uint32_t status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case HTP_STATUS_OK:
+            return "OK";
+        case HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT:
+            return "NO-SUPPORT";
+        case HTP_STATUS_INVAL_PARAMS:
+            return "INVAL-PARAMS";
+        case HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL:
+            return "VTCM-TOO-SMALL";
+        case HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR:
+            return "INTERNAL-ERROR";
+        default:
+            return "UNKNOWN";
+    }
+}
+
+// ** debug helpers
+
+static void ggml_hexagon_dump_op_exec(const std::string &sess_name, const ggml_tensor * op, const uint32_t req_flags) {
+    if (!opt_verbose) return;
+
+    op_desc desc(op);
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s execute-op %s: %s : %s : %s : %s : %s : flags 0x%x\n", sess_name.c_str(),
+                ggml_op_name(op->op), desc.names, desc.dims, desc.types, desc.strides, desc.buffs, req_flags);
+}
+
+static void ggml_hexagon_dump_op_supp(const std::string &sess_name, const struct ggml_tensor * op, bool supp) {
+    if (!opt_verbose) return;
+
+    op_desc desc(op);
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s supports-op %s : %s : %s : %s : %s : %s : %s\n", sess_name.c_str(),
+                ggml_op_name(op->op), desc.names, desc.dims, desc.types, desc.strides, desc.buffs, supp ? "yes" : "no");
+}
+
+static void ggml_hexagon_dump_op_prof(const std::string &sess_name, const ggml_tensor * op,
+                                      uint32_t op_usec, uint32_t op_cycles, uint32_t op_pkts, uint64_t call_usec) {
+    if (!opt_profile) return;
+
+    op_desc desc(op);
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s profile-op %s: %s : %s : %s : %s : %s : op-usec %u op-cycles %u op-pkts %u (%f) call-usec %llu\n", sess_name.c_str(),
+                ggml_op_name(op->op), desc.names, desc.dims, desc.types, desc.strides, desc.buffs,
+                op_usec, op_cycles, op_pkts, (float) op_cycles / op_pkts, (unsigned long long) call_usec);
+}
+
+// ** backend sessions
+
+struct ggml_hexagon_session {
+    ggml_hexagon_session(int dev_id, ggml_backend_dev_t dev) noexcept(false);
+    ~ggml_hexagon_session() noexcept(true);
+
+    void allocate(int dev_id) noexcept(false);
+    void release() noexcept(true);
+
+    void enqueue(struct htp_general_req &req, struct dspqueue_buffer *bufs, uint32_t n_bufs, bool sync = false);
+    void flush();
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type buffer_type        = {};
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type repack_buffer_type = {};
+
+    std::string      name;
+    remote_handle64  handle;
+    dspqueue_t       queue;
+    uint32_t         session_id;
+    uint32_t         domain_id;
+    uint64_t         queue_id;
+    int              dev_id;
+    bool             valid_session;
+    bool             valid_handle;
+    bool             valid_queue;
+    bool             valid_iface;
+    std::atomic<int> op_pending;
+    uint32_t         prof_usecs;
+    uint32_t         prof_cycles;
+    uint32_t         prof_pkts;
+};
+
+void ggml_hexagon_session::enqueue(struct htp_general_req &req, struct dspqueue_buffer *bufs, uint32_t n_bufs, bool sync) {
+    // Bump pending flag (cleared in the session::flush once we get the response)
+    this->op_pending++;  // atomic inc
+
+    int err = dspqueue_write(this->queue,
+                             0,                       // flags - the framework will autoset this
+                             n_bufs,                  // number of buffers
+                             bufs,                    // buffer references
+                             sizeof(req),             // Message length
+                             (const uint8_t *) &req,  // Message
+                             DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT         // Timeout
+    );
+
+    if (err != 0) {
+        GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: %s dspqueue_write failed: 0x%08x\n", this->name.c_str(), (unsigned) err);
+    }
+
+    if (sync) {
+        flush();
+    }
+}
+
+// Flush HTP response queue i.e wait for all outstanding requests to complete
+void ggml_hexagon_session::flush() {
+    dspqueue_t q = this->queue;
+
+    // Repeatedly read packets from the queue until it's empty. We don't
+    // necessarily get a separate callback for each packet, and new packets
+    // may arrive while we're processing the previous one.
+
+    while (this->op_pending) {
+        struct htp_general_rsp rsp;
+        uint32_t               rsp_size;
+        uint32_t               flags;
+
+        struct dspqueue_buffer bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+        uint32_t               n_bufs;
+
+        // Read response packet from queue
+        int err = dspqueue_read(q, &flags,
+                                HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS,  // Maximum number of buffer references
+                                &n_bufs,                 // Number of buffer references
+                                bufs,                    // Buffer references
+                                sizeof(rsp),             // Max message length
+                                &rsp_size,               // Message length
+                                (uint8_t *) &rsp,        // Message
+                                DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT);       // Timeout
+
+        if (err == AEE_EEXPIRED) {
+            // TODO: might need to bail out if the HTP is stuck on something
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: dspqueue_read failed: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+
+        // Basic sanity checks
+        if (rsp_size != sizeof(rsp)) {
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: dspcall : bad response (size)\n");
+        }
+
+        if (rsp.status != HTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: dspcall : dsp-rsp: %s\n", status_to_str(rsp.status));
+            // TODO: handle errors
+        }
+
+        // TODO: update profiling implementation, currently only works for opt_opsync mode
+        this->prof_usecs  = rsp.prof_usecs;
+        this->prof_cycles = rsp.prof_cycles;
+        this->prof_pkts   = rsp.prof_pkts;
+
+        this->op_pending--;  // atomic dec
+    }
+}
+
+// ** backend buffers
+
+struct ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context {
+    ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context(const std::string & name, ggml_hexagon_session * sess) {
+        this->sess = sess;
+        this->name = name;
+    }
+
+    ggml_hexagon_session * sess;
+    std::string            name;
+};
+
+struct ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context {
+    bool mmap_to(ggml_hexagon_session * s) {
+        HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s mmaping buffer: base %p domain-id %d session-id %d size %zu fd %d repack %d\n",
+                    s->name.c_str(), (void *) this->base, s->domain_id, s->session_id, this->size, this->fd,
+                    (int) this->repack);
+
+        int err = fastrpc_mmap(s->domain_id, this->fd, (void *) this->base, 0, this->size, FASTRPC_MAP_FD);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: buffer mapping failed : domain_id %d size %zu fd %d error 0x%08x\n",
+                    s->domain_id, this->size, this->fd, (unsigned) err);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool mmap() {
+        if (this->mapped) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!mmap_to(this->sess)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        this->mapped = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void munmap() {
+        if (!this->mapped) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        fastrpc_munmap(this->sess->domain_id, this->fd, this->base, this->size);
+        this->mapped = false;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context(ggml_hexagon_session * sess, size_t size, bool repack) {
+        size += 4 * 1024;  // extra page for padding
+
+        this->base = (uint8_t *) rpcmem_alloc2(RPCMEM_HEAP_ID_SYSTEM, RPCMEM_DEFAULT_FLAGS | RPCMEM_HEAP_NOREG, size);
+        if (!this->base) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: %s failed to allocate buffer : size %zu\n", sess->name.c_str(), size);
+            throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: rpcmem_alloc failed (see log for details)");
+        }
+
+        this->fd = rpcmem_to_fd(this->base);
+        if (this->fd < 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: %s failed to get FD for buffer %p\n", sess->name.c_str(), (void *) this->base);
+            rpcmem_free(this->base);
+            this->base = NULL;
+            throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: rpcmem_to_fd failed (see log for details)");
+        }
+
+        HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s allocated buffer: base %p size %zu fd %d repack %d\n", sess->name.c_str(),
+                    (void *) this->base, size, this->fd, (int) repack);
+
+        this->sess   = sess;
+        this->size   = size;
+        this->mapped = false;
+        this->repack = repack;
+    }
+
+    ~ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context() {
+        munmap();
+        if (this->base) {
+            rpcmem_free(this->base);
+            this->base = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ggml_hexagon_session * sess;  // primary session
+    uint8_t *              base;
+    size_t                 size;
+    int                    fd;
+    bool                   mapped;  // mmap is done
+    bool                   repack;  // repacked buffer
+};
+
+static ggml_hexagon_session * ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_get_sess(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    return static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context *>(buffer->buft->context)->sess;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    auto ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *>(buffer->context);
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    auto ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *>(buffer->context);
+    return ctx->base;
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    auto ctx  = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *>(buffer->context);
+    auto sess = ctx->sess;
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s init-tensor %s : base %p data %p nbytes %zu usage %d repack %d\n", sess->name.c_str(),
+                tensor->name, (void *) ctx->base, tensor->data, ggml_nbytes(tensor), (int) buffer->usage,
+                (int) ctx->repack);
+
+    if (tensor->view_src != NULL && tensor->view_offs == 0) {
+        ; // nothing to do for the view
+    } else {
+        if (!ctx->mapped) {
+            ctx->mmap();
+        }
+    }
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// ======== Q4x4x2 ====================
+struct x2_q4 {
+    int v[2];
+};
+
+static x2_q4 unpack_q4(uint8_t v) {
+    x2_q4 x = { (int) (v & 0x0f) - 8, (int) (v >> 4) - 8 };
+    return x;
+}
+
+static void dump_block_q4_0(const block_q4_0 * b, int i) {
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack q4_0 %d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f\n", i, unpack_q4(b->qs[0]).v[0],
+                unpack_q4(b->qs[1]).v[0], unpack_q4(b->qs[2]).v[0], unpack_q4(b->qs[3]).v[0], unpack_q4(b->qs[12]).v[1],
+                unpack_q4(b->qs[13]).v[1], unpack_q4(b->qs[14]).v[1], unpack_q4(b->qs[15]).v[1],
+                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b->d));
+}
+
+static void dump_packed_block_q4x4x2(const uint8_t * v, unsigned int i, size_t k) {
+    static const int qk        = QK_Q4_0x4x2;
+    const int        dblk_size = 8 * 2;   // 8x __fp16
+    const int        qblk_size = qk / 2;  // int4
+    const int        qrow_size = k / 2;   // int4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * v_q = v + 0;          // quants first
+    const uint8_t * v_d = v + qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t *   q = v_q + i * qblk_size;
+    const ggml_half * d = (const ggml_half *) (v_d + i * dblk_size);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack q4x4x2-%d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n", i,
+                unpack_q4(q[0]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[1]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[2]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[3]).v[0],
+                unpack_q4(q[60]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[61]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[62]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[63]).v[0],
+                unpack_q4(q[124]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[125]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[126]).v[0], unpack_q4(q[127]).v[0],
+                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[0]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[1]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[2]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[3]));
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack q4x4x2-%d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n",
+                i + 1, unpack_q4(q[0]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[1]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[2]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[3]).v[1],
+                unpack_q4(q[60]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[61]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[62]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[63]).v[1],
+                unpack_q4(q[124]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[125]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[126]).v[1], unpack_q4(q[127]).v[1],
+                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[4]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[5]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[6]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[7]));
+}
+
+static void unpack_q4_0_quants(uint8_t * qs, const block_q4_0 * x, unsigned int bi) {
+    static const int qk = QK4_0;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < qk / 2; ++i) {
+        const int x0             = (x->qs[i] & 0x0F);
+        const int x1             = (x->qs[i] >> 4);
+        qs[bi * qk + i + 0]      = x0;
+        qs[bi * qk + i + qk / 2] = x1;
+    }
+}
+
+static void pack_q4_0_quants(block_q4_0 * x, const uint8_t * qs, unsigned int bi) {
+    static const int qk = QK4_0;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < qk / 2; ++i) {
+        const uint8_t x0 = qs[bi * qk + i + 0];
+        const uint8_t x1 = qs[bi * qk + i + qk / 2];
+        x->qs[i]         = x0 | (x1 << 4);
+    }
+}
+
+static void repack_row_q4x4x2(uint8_t * y, const block_q4_0 * x, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+    const int        nloe = k % qk;           // leftovers
+
+    const int dblk_size = 8 * 2;              // 8x __fp16
+    const int qblk_size = qk / 2;             // int4
+    const int qrow_size = k / 2;              // int4 (not padded to blocks)
+
+    uint8_t * y_q = y + 0;                    // quants first
+    uint8_t * y_d = y + qrow_size;            // then scales
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Repack the quants
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        uint8_t qs[QK_Q4_0x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+        unpack_q4_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+
+        bool partial = (nloe && i == nb-1);
+
+        uint8_t * q = y_q + (i * qblk_size);
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; j++) {
+            q[j] = partial ? (qs[j*2+1] << 4) | qs[j*2+0] : (qs[j+128] << 4) | qs[j+000];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Repack the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_Q4_0x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Repack the scales
+        ggml_half * d = (ggml_half *) (y_d + i * dblk_size);
+        d[0]          = x[i * 8 + 0].d;
+        d[1]          = x[i * 8 + 1].d;
+        d[2]          = x[i * 8 + 2].d;
+        d[3]          = x[i * 8 + 3].d;
+        d[4]          = x[i * 8 + 4].d;
+        d[5]          = x[i * 8 + 5].d;
+        d[6]          = x[i * 8 + 6].d;
+        d[7]          = x[i * 8 + 7].d;
+    }
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_packed_block_q4x4x2(y, i, k);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void unpack_row_q4x4x2(block_q4_0 * x, const uint8_t * y, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+    const int        nloe = k % qk;           // leftovers
+
+    const int dblk_size = 8 * 2;              // 8x __fp16
+    const int qblk_size = qk / 2;             // int4
+    const int qrow_size = k / 2;              // int4 (not padded to blocks)
+
+    const uint8_t * y_q = y + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * y_d = y + qrow_size;      // then scales
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_packed_block_q4x4x2(y, i, k);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Unpack the quants
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        uint8_t qs[QK_Q4_0x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+
+        bool partial = (nloe && i == nb-1);
+
+        const uint8_t * q = y_q + (i * qblk_size);
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; j++) {
+            if (partial) {
+                qs[j*2+0] = q[j] & 0xf;
+                qs[j*2+1] = q[j] >> 4;
+            } else {
+                qs[j+000] = q[j] & 0xf;
+                qs[j+128] = q[j] >> 4;
+            }
+        }
+
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 0], qs, 0);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 1], qs, 1);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 2], qs, 2);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 3], qs, 3);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 4], qs, 4);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 5], qs, 5);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 6], qs, 6);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 7], qs, 7);
+    }
+
+    // Repack the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_Q4_0x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Unpack the scales
+        const ggml_half * d = (const ggml_half *) (y_d + i * dblk_size);
+        x[i * 8 + 0].d      = d[0];
+        x[i * 8 + 1].d      = d[1];
+        x[i * 8 + 2].d      = d[2];
+        x[i * 8 + 3].d      = d[3];
+        x[i * 8 + 4].d      = d[4];
+        x[i * 8 + 5].d      = d[5];
+        x[i * 8 + 6].d      = d[6];
+        x[i * 8 + 7].d      = d[7];
+    }
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+            dump_block_q4_0(&x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void init_row_q4x4x2(block_q4_0 * x, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+
+    // Init the quants such that they unpack into zeros
+    uint8_t qs[QK_Q4_0x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+    memset(qs, 8, sizeof(qs));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 0], qs, 0);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 1], qs, 1);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 2], qs, 2);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 3], qs, 3);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 4], qs, 4);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 5], qs, 5);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 6], qs, 6);
+        pack_q4_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 7], qs, 7);
+    }
+
+    // Init the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_Q4_0x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Unpack the scales
+        x[i * 8 + 0].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 1].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 2].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 3].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 4].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 5].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 6].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 7].d = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// repack q4_0 data into q4x4x2 tensor
+static void repack_q4_0_q4x4x2(ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t size) {
+    int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(t);
+
+    size_t row_size    = ggml_row_size(t->type, t->ne[0]);
+    size_t row_size_pd = ggml_row_size(t->type, hex_round_up(t->ne[0], QK_Q4_0x4x2));  // extra elements for the pad
+    size_t row_size_rp = row_size * 2;  // extra space for tmp pad (if any)
+
+    // Ensure we don't try to read more data than is available in the source buffer 'data'
+    // or write more than the tensor can hold.
+    const size_t total_tensor_size = (size_t)nrows * row_size;
+    const size_t n_bytes_to_copy = size < total_tensor_size ? size : total_tensor_size;
+
+    // Calculate how many full rows and how many remaining bytes we need to process.
+    const int64_t n_full_rows = n_bytes_to_copy / row_size;
+    const size_t  n_rem_bytes = n_bytes_to_copy % row_size;
+
+    void * buf_pd = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_pd);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_pd != NULL);
+
+    void * buf_rp = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_rp);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_rp != NULL);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack-q4_0-q4x4x2 %s : data %p size %zu dims %ldx%ld row-size %zu\n", t->name, data, size,
+                t->ne[0], nrows, row_size);
+
+    init_row_q4x4x2((block_q4_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);  // init padded buffer to make sure the tail is all zeros
+
+    // 1. Process all the full rows
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_rows; i++) {
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        repack_row_q4x4x2((uint8_t *) buf_rp, (const block_q4_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, row_size);
+    }
+
+    // 2. Process the final, potentially partial, row
+    if (n_rem_bytes > 0) {
+        const int64_t i = n_full_rows;
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+
+        // re-init the row because we are potentially copying a partial row
+        init_row_q4x4x2((block_q4_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // Copy only the remaining bytes from the source.
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, n_rem_bytes);
+
+        // Repack the entire buffer
+        repack_row_q4x4x2((uint8_t *) buf_rp, (const block_q4_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // Write only the corresponding remaining bytes to the destination tensor.
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, n_rem_bytes);
+    }
+
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_pd, row_size_pd);
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_rp, row_size_rp);
+}
+
+// repack q4x4x2 tensor into q4_0 data
+static void repack_q4x4x2_q4_0(void * data, const ggml_tensor * t, size_t size) {
+    int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(t);
+
+    size_t row_size    = ggml_row_size(t->type, t->ne[0]);
+    size_t row_size_pd = ggml_row_size(t->type, hex_round_up(t->ne[0], QK_Q4_0x4x2));  // extra elements for the pad
+    size_t row_size_rp = row_size * 2;  // extra space for tmp pad (if any)
+
+    // Ensure we don't try to copy more data than the tensor actually contains.
+    const size_t total_tensor_size = (size_t)nrows * row_size;
+    const size_t n_bytes_to_copy = size < total_tensor_size ? size : total_tensor_size;
+
+    // Calculate how many full rows and how many remaining bytes we need to process.
+    const int64_t n_full_rows = n_bytes_to_copy / row_size;
+    const size_t  n_rem_bytes = n_bytes_to_copy % row_size;
+
+    void * buf_pd = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_pd);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_pd != NULL);
+
+    void * buf_rp = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_rp);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_rp != NULL);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack-q4x4x2-q4_0 %s : data %p size %zu dims %ldx%ld row-size %zu\n", t->name, data, size,
+                t->ne[0], nrows, row_size);
+
+    memset(buf_pd, 0, row_size_pd);  // clear-out padded buffer to make sure the tail is all zeros
+
+    // 1. Process all the full rows
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_rows; i++) {
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        unpack_row_q4x4x2((block_q4_0 *) buf_rp, (const uint8_t *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, row_size);
+    }
+
+    // 2. Process the final, potentially partial, row
+    if (n_rem_bytes > 0) {
+        const int64_t i = n_full_rows;
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+
+        // We still need to read and unpack the entire source row because quantization is block-based.
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        unpack_row_q4x4x2((block_q4_0 *) buf_rp, (const uint8_t *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // But we only copy the remaining number of bytes to the destination.
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, n_rem_bytes);
+    }
+
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_pd, row_size_pd);
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_rp, row_size_rp);
+}
+
+// ======== Q8x4x2 ====================
+static void dump_block_q8_0(const block_q8_0 * b, int i) {
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack q8_0 %d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f\n", i, b->qs[0], b->qs[1], b->qs[2],
+                b->qs[3], b->qs[28], b->qs[29], b->qs[30], b->qs[31], GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b->d));
+}
+
+static void dump_packed_block_q8x4x2(const uint8_t * v, unsigned int i, size_t k) {
+    static const int qk        = QK_Q8_0x4x2;
+    const int        dblk_size = 8 * 2;   // 8x __fp16
+    const int        qblk_size = qk;      // int8
+    const int        qrow_size = k;       // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * v_q = v + 0;          // quants first
+    const uint8_t * v_d = v + qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t *   q = v_q + i * qblk_size;
+    const ggml_half * d = (const ggml_half *) (v_d + i * dblk_size);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack q8x4x2-%d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n", i,
+                q[0], q[1], q[2], q[3], q[60], q[61], q[62], q[63], q[124], q[125], q[126], q[127],
+                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[0]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[1]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[2]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[3]));
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack q8x4x2-%d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n",
+                i + 1, q[128], q[129], q[130], q[131], q[192], q[193], q[194], q[195], q[252], q[253], q[254], q[255],
+                GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[4]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[5]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[6]), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(d[7]));
+}
+
+static void unpack_q8_0_quants(uint8_t * qs, const block_q8_0 * x, unsigned int bi) {
+    static const int qk = QK8_0;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < qk; ++i) {
+        qs[bi * qk + i] = x->qs[i];
+    }
+}
+
+static void pack_q8_0_quants(block_q8_0 * x, const uint8_t * qs, unsigned int bi) {
+    static const int qk = QK8_0;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < qk; ++i) {
+        x->qs[i] = qs[bi * qk + i];
+    }
+}
+
+static void repack_row_q8x4x2(uint8_t * y, const block_q8_0 * x, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_Q8_0x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+
+    const int dblk_size = 8 * 2;              // 8x __fp16
+    const int qblk_size = qk;                 // int8
+    const int qrow_size = k;                  // int8 (not padded to blocks)
+
+    uint8_t * y_q = y + 0;                    // quants first
+    uint8_t * y_d = y + qrow_size;            // then scales
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Repack the quants
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        uint8_t qs[QK_Q8_0x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+        unpack_q8_0_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+
+        uint8_t * q = y_q + (i * qblk_size);
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+            q[j] = qs[j];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Repack the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_Q4_0x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Repack the scales
+        ggml_half * d = (ggml_half *) (y_d + i * dblk_size);
+        d[0]          = x[i * 8 + 0].d;
+        d[1]          = x[i * 8 + 1].d;
+        d[2]          = x[i * 8 + 2].d;
+        d[3]          = x[i * 8 + 3].d;
+        d[4]          = x[i * 8 + 4].d;
+        d[5]          = x[i * 8 + 5].d;
+        d[6]          = x[i * 8 + 6].d;
+        d[7]          = x[i * 8 + 7].d;
+    }
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_packed_block_q8x4x2(y, i, k);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void unpack_row_q8x4x2(block_q8_0 * x, const uint8_t * y, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_Q8_0x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+
+    const int dblk_size = 8 * 2;              // 8x __fp16
+    const int qblk_size = qk;                 // int8
+    const int qrow_size = k;                  // int8 (not padded to blocks)
+
+    const uint8_t * y_q = y + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * y_d = y + qrow_size;      // then scales
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_packed_block_q8x4x2(y, i, k);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Unpack the quants
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        uint8_t qs[QK_Q4_0x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+
+        const uint8_t * q = y_q + (i * qblk_size);
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+            qs[j] = q[j];
+        }
+
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 0], qs, 0);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 1], qs, 1);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 2], qs, 2);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 3], qs, 3);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 4], qs, 4);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 5], qs, 5);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 6], qs, 6);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 7], qs, 7);
+    }
+
+    // Repack the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_Q4_0x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Unpack the scales
+        const ggml_half * d = (const ggml_half *) (y_d + i * dblk_size);
+        x[i * 8 + 0].d      = d[0];
+        x[i * 8 + 1].d      = d[1];
+        x[i * 8 + 2].d      = d[2];
+        x[i * 8 + 3].d      = d[3];
+        x[i * 8 + 4].d      = d[4];
+        x[i * 8 + 5].d      = d[5];
+        x[i * 8 + 6].d      = d[6];
+        x[i * 8 + 7].d      = d[7];
+    }
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+            dump_block_q8_0(&x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void init_row_q8x4x2(block_q8_0 * x, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_Q8_0x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+
+    // Init the quants such that they unpack into zeros
+    uint8_t qs[QK_Q8_0x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+    memset(qs, 0, sizeof(qs));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 0], qs, 0);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 1], qs, 1);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 2], qs, 2);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 3], qs, 3);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 4], qs, 4);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 5], qs, 5);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 6], qs, 6);
+        pack_q8_0_quants(&x[i * 8 + 7], qs, 7);
+    }
+
+    // Init the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_Q8_0x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Unpack the scales
+        x[i * 8 + 0].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 1].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 2].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 3].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 4].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 5].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 6].d = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 7].d = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// repack q8_0 data into q8x4x2 tensor
+static void repack_q8_0_q8x4x2(ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t size) {
+    int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(t);
+
+    size_t row_size    = ggml_row_size(t->type, t->ne[0]);
+    size_t row_size_pd = ggml_row_size(t->type, hex_round_up(t->ne[0], QK_Q8_0x4x2));  // extra elements for the pad
+    size_t row_size_rp = row_size * 2;  // extra space for tmp pad (if any)
+
+    // Ensure we don't try to read more data than is available in the source buffer 'data'
+    // or write more than the tensor can hold.
+    const size_t total_tensor_size = (size_t)nrows * row_size;
+    const size_t n_bytes_to_copy = size < total_tensor_size ? size : total_tensor_size;
+
+    // Calculate how many full rows and how many remaining bytes we need to process.
+    const int64_t n_full_rows = n_bytes_to_copy / row_size;
+    const size_t  n_rem_bytes = n_bytes_to_copy % row_size;
+
+    void * buf_pd = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_pd);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_pd != NULL);
+
+    void * buf_rp = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_rp);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_rp != NULL);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack-q8_0-q8x4x2 %s : data %p size %zu dims %ldx%ld row-size %zu\n", t->name, data, size,
+                t->ne[0], nrows, row_size);
+
+    init_row_q8x4x2((block_q8_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);  // init padded buffer to make sure the tail is all zeros
+
+    // 1. Process all the full rows
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_rows; i++) {
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        repack_row_q8x4x2((uint8_t *) buf_rp, (const block_q8_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, row_size);
+    }
+
+    // 2. Process the final, potentially partial, row
+    if (n_rem_bytes > 0) {
+        const int64_t i = n_full_rows;
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+
+        // re-init the row because we are potentially copying a partial row
+        init_row_q8x4x2((block_q8_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // Copy only the remaining bytes from the source.
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, n_rem_bytes);
+
+        // Repack the entire buffer
+        repack_row_q8x4x2((uint8_t *) buf_rp, (const block_q8_0 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // Write only the corresponding remaining bytes to the destination tensor.
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, n_rem_bytes);
+    }
+
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_pd, row_size_pd);
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_rp, row_size_rp);
+}
+
+// repack q8x4x2 tensor into q8_0 data
+static void repack_q8x4x2_q8_0(void * data, const ggml_tensor * t, size_t size) {
+    int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(t);
+
+    size_t row_size    = ggml_row_size(t->type, t->ne[0]);
+    size_t row_size_pd = ggml_row_size(t->type, hex_round_up(t->ne[0], QK_Q8_0x4x2));  // extra elements for the pad
+    size_t row_size_rp = row_size * 2;  // extra space for tmp pad (if any)
+
+    // Ensure we don't try to copy more data than the tensor actually contains.
+    const size_t total_tensor_size = (size_t)nrows * row_size;
+    const size_t n_bytes_to_copy = size < total_tensor_size ? size : total_tensor_size;
+
+    // Calculate how many full rows and how many remaining bytes we need to process.
+    const int64_t n_full_rows = n_bytes_to_copy / row_size;
+    const size_t  n_rem_bytes = n_bytes_to_copy % row_size;
+
+    void * buf_pd = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_pd);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_pd != NULL);
+
+    void * buf_rp = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_rp);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_rp != NULL);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack-q8x4x2-q8_0 %s : data %p size %zu dims %ldx%ld row-size %zu\n", t->name, data, size,
+                t->ne[0], nrows, row_size);
+
+    memset(buf_pd, 0, row_size_pd);  // clear-out padded buffer to make sure the tail is all zeros
+
+    // 1. Process all the full rows
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_rows; i++) {
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        unpack_row_q8x4x2((block_q8_0 *) buf_rp, (const uint8_t *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, row_size);
+    }
+
+    // 2. Process the final, potentially partial, row
+    if (n_rem_bytes > 0) {
+        const int64_t i = n_full_rows;
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+
+        // We still need to read and unpack the entire source row because quantization is block-based.
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        unpack_row_q8x4x2((block_q8_0 *) buf_rp, (const uint8_t *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // But we only copy the remaining number of bytes to the destination.
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, n_rem_bytes);
+    }
+
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_pd, row_size_pd);
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_rp, row_size_rp);
+}
+
+// ======== MXFP4x4x2 ====================
+struct x2_mxfp4 {
+    int v[2];
+};
+
+static x2_mxfp4 unpack_mxfp4(uint8_t v) {
+    x2_mxfp4 x;
+    x.v[0] = kvalues_mxfp4[(v & 0x0f)];
+    x.v[1] = kvalues_mxfp4[(v >> 4)];
+    return x;
+}
+
+static void dump_block_mxfp4(const block_mxfp4 * b, int i) {
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack mxfp4 %d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f\n", i, unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[0]).v[0],
+                unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[1]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[2]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[3]).v[0],
+                unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[12]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[13]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[14]).v[1],
+                unpack_mxfp4(b->qs[15]).v[1], GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(b->e));
+}
+
+static void dump_packed_block_mxfp4x4x2(const uint8_t * v, unsigned int i, size_t k) {
+    static const int qk        = QK_MXFP4x4x2;
+    const int        eblk_size = 8 * 1;   // 8x E8M0
+    const int        qblk_size = qk / 2;  // int4
+    const int        qrow_size = k / 2;   // int4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * v_q = v + 0;          // quants first
+    const uint8_t * v_e = v + qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * q = v_q + i * qblk_size;
+    const uint8_t * e = (const uint8_t *) (v_e + i * eblk_size);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack mxfp4x4x2-%d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n", i,
+                unpack_mxfp4(q[0]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[1]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[2]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[3]).v[0],
+                unpack_mxfp4(q[60]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[61]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[62]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[63]).v[0],
+                unpack_mxfp4(q[124]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[125]).v[0], unpack_mxfp4(q[126]).v[0],
+                unpack_mxfp4(q[127]).v[0], GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[0]), GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[1]),
+                GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[2]), GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[3]));
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack mxfp4x4x2-%d: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d : %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n",
+                i + 1, unpack_mxfp4(q[0]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[1]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[2]).v[1],
+                unpack_mxfp4(q[3]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[60]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[61]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[62]).v[1],
+                unpack_mxfp4(q[63]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[124]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[125]).v[1],
+                unpack_mxfp4(q[126]).v[1], unpack_mxfp4(q[127]).v[1], GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[4]),
+                GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[5]), GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[6]), GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e[7]));
+}
+
+static void unpack_mxfp4_quants(uint8_t * qs, const block_mxfp4 * x, unsigned int bi) {
+    static const int qk = QK_MXFP4;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < qk / 2; ++i) {
+        const uint8_t x0         = (x->qs[i] & 0x0F);
+        const uint8_t x1         = (x->qs[i] >> 4);
+        qs[bi * qk + i + 0]      = x0;
+        qs[bi * qk + i + qk / 2] = x1;
+    }
+}
+
+static void pack_mxfp4_quants(block_mxfp4 * x, const uint8_t * qs, unsigned int bi) {
+    static const int qk = QK4_0;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < qk / 2; ++i) {
+        const uint8_t x0 = qs[bi * qk + i + 0];
+        const uint8_t x1 = qs[bi * qk + i + qk / 2];
+        x->qs[i]         = x0 | (x1 << 4);
+    }
+}
+
+static void repack_row_mxfp4x4x2(uint8_t * y, const block_mxfp4 * x, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_MXFP4x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+    const int        nloe = k % qk;           // leftovers
+
+    const int eblk_size = 8 * 1;              // 8x E8M0
+    const int qblk_size = qk / 2;             // int4
+    const int qrow_size = k / 2;              // int4 (not padded to blocks)
+
+    uint8_t * y_q = y + 0;                    // quants first
+    uint8_t * y_e = y + qrow_size;            // then scales
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Repack the quants
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        uint8_t qs[QK_MXFP4x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+        unpack_mxfp4_quants(qs, &x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+
+        bool partial = (nloe && i == nb-1);
+
+        uint8_t * q = y_q + (i * qblk_size);
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; j++) {
+            q[j] = partial ? (qs[j*2+1] << 4) | qs[j*2+0] : (qs[j+128] << 4) | qs[j+000];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Repack the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_MXFP4x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Repack the scales
+        uint8_t * e = (uint8_t *) (y_e + i * eblk_size);
+        e[0]        = x[i * 8 + 0].e;
+        e[1]        = x[i * 8 + 1].e;
+        e[2]        = x[i * 8 + 2].e;
+        e[3]        = x[i * 8 + 3].e;
+        e[4]        = x[i * 8 + 4].e;
+        e[5]        = x[i * 8 + 5].e;
+        e[6]        = x[i * 8 + 6].e;
+        e[7]        = x[i * 8 + 7].e;
+    }
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_packed_block_mxfp4x4x2(y, i, k);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void unpack_row_mxfp4x4x2(block_mxfp4 * x, const uint8_t * y, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_MXFP4x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+    const int        nloe = k % qk;           // leftovers
+
+    const int eblk_size = 8 * 1;              // 8x E8M0
+    const int qblk_size = qk / 2;             // int4
+    const int qrow_size = k / 2;              // int4 (not padded to blocks)
+
+    const uint8_t * y_q = y + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * y_e = y + qrow_size;      // then scales
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_packed_block_mxfp4x4x2(y, i, k);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Unpack the quants
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        uint8_t qs[QK_MXFP4x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+
+        bool partial = (nloe && i == nb-1);
+
+        const uint8_t * q = y_q + (i * qblk_size);
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; j++) {
+            if (partial) {
+                qs[j*2+0] = q[j] & 0xf;
+                qs[j*2+1] = q[j] >> 4;
+            } else {
+                qs[j+000] = q[j] & 0xf;
+                qs[j+128] = q[j] >> 4;
+            }
+        }
+
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 0], qs, 0);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 1], qs, 1);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 2], qs, 2);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 3], qs, 3);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 4], qs, 4);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 5], qs, 5);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 6], qs, 6);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 7], qs, 7);
+    }
+
+    // Repack the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_MXFP4_0x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Unpack the scales
+        const uint8_t * e = (const uint8_t *) (y_e + i * eblk_size);
+        x[i * 8 + 0].e    = e[0];
+        x[i * 8 + 1].e    = e[1];
+        x[i * 8 + 2].e    = e[2];
+        x[i * 8 + 3].e    = e[3];
+        x[i * 8 + 4].e    = e[4];
+        x[i * 8 + 5].e    = e[5];
+        x[i * 8 + 6].e    = e[6];
+        x[i * 8 + 7].e    = e[7];
+    }
+
+    if (opt_verbose > 2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 0], 0);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 1], 1);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 2], 2);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 3], 3);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 4], 4);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 5], 5);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 6], 6);
+            dump_block_mxfp4(&x[i * 8 + 7], 7);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void init_row_mxfp4x4x2(block_mxfp4 * x, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_MXFP4x4x2;
+    const int        nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;  // number of blocks (padded)
+
+    // Init the quants such that they unpack into zeros
+    uint8_t qs[QK_MXFP4x4x2];  // unpacked quants
+    memset(qs, 0, sizeof(qs));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 0], qs, 0);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 1], qs, 1);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 2], qs, 2);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 3], qs, 3);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 4], qs, 4);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 5], qs, 5);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 6], qs, 6);
+        pack_mxfp4_quants(&x[i * 8 + 7], qs, 7);
+    }
+
+    // Init the scales
+    // Note: Do not combine with the loop above. For tensor sizes not multiple of 256 (QK_MXFP4x4x2)
+    // the last block is truncated and overridden by the scales.
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Unpack the scales
+        x[i * 8 + 0].e = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 1].e = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 2].e = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 3].e = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 4].e = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 5].e = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 6].e = 0;
+        x[i * 8 + 7].e = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// repack mxfp4 data into mxfp4x4x2 tensor
+static void repack_mxfp4_mxfp4x4x2(ggml_tensor * t, const void * data, size_t size) {
+    int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(t);
+
+    size_t row_size    = ggml_row_size(t->type, t->ne[0]);
+    size_t row_size_pd = ggml_row_size(t->type, hex_round_up(t->ne[0], QK_MXFP4x4x2));  // extra elements for the pad
+    size_t row_size_rp = row_size * 2;  // extra space for tmp pad (if any)
+
+    // Ensure we don't try to read more data than is available in the source buffer 'data'
+    // or write more than the tensor can hold.
+    const size_t total_tensor_size = (size_t)nrows * row_size;
+    const size_t n_bytes_to_copy = size < total_tensor_size ? size : total_tensor_size;
+
+    // Calculate how many full rows and how many remaining bytes we need to process.
+    const int64_t n_full_rows = n_bytes_to_copy / row_size;
+    const size_t  n_rem_bytes = n_bytes_to_copy % row_size;
+
+    void * buf_pd = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_pd);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_pd != NULL);
+
+    void * buf_rp = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_rp);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_rp != NULL);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack-mxfp4-mxfp4x4x2 %s : data %p size %zu dims %ldx%ld row-size %zu\n", t->name, data,
+                size, t->ne[0], nrows, row_size);
+
+    init_row_mxfp4x4x2((block_mxfp4 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);  // init padded buffer to make sure the tail is all zeros
+
+    // 1. Process all the full rows
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_rows; i++) {
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        repack_row_mxfp4x4x2((uint8_t *) buf_rp, (const block_mxfp4 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, row_size);
+    }
+
+    // 2. Process the final, potentially partial, row
+    if (n_rem_bytes > 0) {
+        const int64_t i = n_full_rows;
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+
+        // re-init the row because we are potentially copying a partial row
+        init_row_mxfp4x4x2((block_mxfp4 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // Copy only the remaining bytes from the source.
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, n_rem_bytes);
+
+        // Repack the entire buffer (partial data + zero padding).
+        repack_row_mxfp4x4x2((uint8_t *) buf_rp, (const block_mxfp4 *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // Write only the corresponding remaining bytes to the destination tensor.
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, n_rem_bytes);
+    }
+
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_pd, row_size_pd);
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_rp, row_size_rp);
+}
+
+// repack mxfp4x4x2 tensor into mxfp4 data
+static void repack_mxfp4x4x2_mxfp4(void * data, const ggml_tensor * t, size_t size) {
+    int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(t);
+
+    size_t row_size    = ggml_row_size(t->type, t->ne[0]);
+    size_t row_size_pd = ggml_row_size(t->type, hex_round_up(t->ne[0], QK_MXFP4x4x2));  // extra elements for the pad
+    size_t row_size_rp = row_size * 2;  // extra space for tmp pad (if any)
+
+    // Ensure we don't try to copy more data than the tensor actually contains.
+    const size_t total_tensor_size = (size_t)nrows * row_size;
+    const size_t n_bytes_to_copy = size < total_tensor_size ? size : total_tensor_size;
+
+    // Calculate how many full rows and how many remaining bytes we need to process.
+    const int64_t n_full_rows = n_bytes_to_copy / row_size;
+    const size_t  n_rem_bytes = n_bytes_to_copy % row_size;
+
+    void * buf_pd = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_pd);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_pd != NULL);
+
+    void * buf_rp = ggml_aligned_malloc(row_size_rp);
+    GGML_ASSERT(buf_rp != NULL);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: repack-mxfp4x4x2-mxfp4 %s : data %p size %zu dims %ldx%ld row-size %zu\n", t->name, data,
+                size, t->ne[0], nrows, row_size);
+
+    memset(buf_pd, 0, row_size_pd);  // clear-out padded buffer to make sure the tail is all zeros
+
+    // 1. Process all the full rows
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_rows; i++) {
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        unpack_row_mxfp4x4x2((block_mxfp4 *) buf_rp, (const uint8_t *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, row_size);
+    }
+
+    // 2. Process the final, potentially partial, row
+    if (n_rem_bytes > 0) {
+        const int64_t i = n_full_rows;
+        const uint8_t * src = (const uint8_t *) t->data + (i * row_size);
+        uint8_t *       dst = (uint8_t *) data + (i * row_size);
+
+        // We still need to read and unpack the entire source row because the format is block-based.
+        memcpy(buf_pd, src, row_size);
+        unpack_row_mxfp4x4x2((block_mxfp4 *) buf_rp, (const uint8_t *) buf_pd, t->ne[0]);
+
+        // But we only copy the remaining number of bytes to the destination to respect the size limit.
+        memcpy(dst, buf_rp, n_rem_bytes);
+    }
+
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_pd, row_size_pd);
+    ggml_aligned_free(buf_rp, row_size_rp);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                   ggml_tensor *         tensor,
+                                                   const void *          data,
+                                                   size_t                offset,
+                                                   size_t                size) {
+    auto ctx  = (ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    auto sess = ctx->sess;
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s set-tensor %s : data %p offset %zu size %zu\n", sess->name.c_str(), tensor->name, data,
+                offset, size);
+
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+            repack_q4_0_q4x4x2(tensor, data, size);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+            repack_q8_0_q8x4x2(tensor, data, size);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+            repack_mxfp4_mxfp4x4x2(tensor, data, size);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            memcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                   const ggml_tensor *   tensor,
+                                                   void *                data,
+                                                   size_t                offset,
+                                                   size_t                size) {
+    auto ctx  = (ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    auto sess = ctx->sess;
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s get-tensor %s : data %p offset %zu size %zu\n", sess->name.c_str(), tensor->name, data,
+                offset, size);
+
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+            repack_q4x4x2_q4_0(data, tensor, size);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+            repack_q8x4x2_q8_0(data, tensor, size);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+            repack_mxfp4x4x2_mxfp4(data, tensor, size);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            memcpy(data, (const char *) tensor->data + offset, size);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t      buffer,
+                                                   const struct ggml_tensor * src,
+                                                   struct ggml_tensor *       dst) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+    // we might optimize this later, for now take the slow path (ie get/set_tensor)
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    auto ctx  = (ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    auto sess = ctx->sess;
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s clear-buff base %p size %zu\n", sess->name.c_str(), (void *) ctx->base, ctx->size);
+    memset(ctx->base, value, ctx->size);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_interface = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_init_tensor,
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ NULL,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
+};
+
+// ** backend buffer type
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
+    return static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context *>(buffer_type->context)->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type, size_t size) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context *>(buffer_type->context)->sess;
+    try {
+        ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context(sess, size, false /*repack*/);
+        return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buffer_type, ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_interface, ctx, size);
+    } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: %s failed to allocate buffer context: %s\n", sess->name.c_str(), exc.what());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type, size_t size) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context *>(buffer_type->context)->sess;
+    try {
+        ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context(sess, size, true /*repack*/);
+        return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buffer_type, ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_interface, ctx, size);
+    } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: %s failed to allocate buffer context: %s\n", sess->name.c_str(), exc.what());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
+    return 128;  // HVX alignment
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer_type);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    return ggml_nbytes(t);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
+    return 1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;  // 1GB per buffer
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer_type);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return opt_hostbuf;
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return false;
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_name,
+    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
+    /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_is_host,
+};
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_name,
+    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
+    /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_is_host,
+};
+
+void ggml_hexagon_session::allocate(int dev_id) noexcept(false) {
+    this->valid_session = false;
+    this->valid_handle  = false;
+    this->valid_queue   = false;
+    this->valid_iface   = false;
+
+    this->domain_id  = 3;  // Default for CDSP, updated after the session is created
+    this->session_id = 0;  // Default for CDSP, updated after the session is created
+    this->dev_id     = dev_id;
+    this->name       = std::string("HTP") + std::to_string(dev_id);
+
+    this->op_pending  = 0;
+    this->prof_usecs  = 0;
+    this->prof_cycles = 0;
+    this->prof_pkts   = 0;
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: allocating new session: %s\n", this->name.c_str());
+
+    domain * my_domain = get_domain(this->domain_id);
+    if (my_domain == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: unable to get domain struct for CDSP\n");
+        throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: failed to get CDSP domain (see log for details)");
+    }
+
+    // Create new session
+    if (dev_id != 0) {
+        struct remote_rpc_reserve_new_session n;
+        n.domain_name_len  = strlen(CDSP_DOMAIN_NAME);
+        n.domain_name      = const_cast<char *>(CDSP_DOMAIN_NAME);
+        n.session_name     = const_cast<char *>(this->name.c_str());
+        n.session_name_len = this->name.size();
+
+        int err = remote_session_control(FASTRPC_RESERVE_NEW_SESSION, (void *) &n, sizeof(n));
+        if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to reserve new session %d : error 0x%x\n", dev_id, err);
+            throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: remote_session_control(new-sess) failed (see log for details)");
+        }
+
+        // Save the IDs
+        this->session_id    = n.session_id;
+        this->domain_id     = n.effective_domain_id;
+        this->valid_session = true;
+    }
+
+    // Get session URI
+
+    char session_uri[256];
+    {
+        char htp_uri[256];
+        snprintf(htp_uri, sizeof(htp_uri), "file:///libggml-htp-v%u.so?htp_iface_skel_handle_invoke&_modver=1.0", opt_arch);
+
+        struct remote_rpc_get_uri u = {};
+        u.session_id      = this->session_id;
+        u.domain_name     = const_cast<char *>(CDSP_DOMAIN_NAME);
+        u.domain_name_len = strlen(CDSP_DOMAIN_NAME);
+        u.module_uri      = const_cast<char *>(htp_uri);
+        u.module_uri_len  = strlen(htp_uri);
+        u.uri             = session_uri;
+        u.uri_len         = sizeof(session_uri);
+
+        int err = remote_session_control(FASTRPC_GET_URI, (void *) &u, sizeof(u));
+        if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+            // fallback to single session uris
+            int htp_URI_domain_len = strlen(htp_uri) + MAX_DOMAIN_NAMELEN;
+
+            snprintf(session_uri, htp_URI_domain_len, "%s%s", htp_uri, my_domain->uri);
+
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml-hex: failed to get URI for session %d : error 0x%x. Falling back to single session URI: %s\n", dev_id, err, session_uri);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Enable Unsigned PD
+    {
+        struct remote_rpc_control_unsigned_module u;
+        u.domain = this->domain_id;
+        u.enable = 1;
+        int err  = remote_session_control(DSPRPC_CONTROL_UNSIGNED_MODULE, (void *) &u, sizeof(u));
+        if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to enable unsigned PD for session %d : error 0x%x\n", dev_id, err);
+            throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: remote_session_control(unsign) failed (see log for details)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Open session
+    int err = htp_iface_open(session_uri, &this->handle);
+    if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to open session %d : error 0x%x\n", dev_id, err);
+        throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: failed to open session (see log for details)");
+    }
+
+    this->valid_handle = true;
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: new session: %s : session-id %d domain-id %d uri %s handle 0x%lx\n", this->name.c_str(),
+                  this->session_id, this->domain_id, session_uri, (unsigned long) this->handle);
+
+    // Enable FastRPC QoS mode
+    {
+        struct remote_rpc_control_latency l;
+        l.enable = 1;
+
+        int err = remote_handle64_control(this->handle, DSPRPC_CONTROL_LATENCY, (void *) &l, sizeof(l));
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml-hex: failed to enable fastrpc QOS mode: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Now let's setup the DSP queue
+    err = dspqueue_create(this->domain_id,
+                          0,              // Flags
+                          128 * 1024,     // Request  queue size (in bytes)
+                          64 * 1024,      // Response queue size (in bytes)
+                          nullptr,        // Read packet callback (we handle reads explicitly)
+                          nullptr,        // Error callback (we handle errors during reads)
+                          (void *) this,  // Callback context
+                          &queue);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: %s dspqueue_create failed: 0x%08x\n", this->name.c_str(), (unsigned) err);
+        throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: failed to create dspqueue (see log for details)");
+    }
+
+    this->valid_queue = true;
+
+    // Export queue for use on the DSP
+    err = dspqueue_export(queue, &this->queue_id);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: dspqueue_export failed: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: dspqueue export failed (see log for details)");
+    }
+
+    if (opt_etm) {
+        err = htp_iface_enable_etm(this->handle);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to enable ETM tracing: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Start the DSP-side service. We need to pass the queue ID to the
+    // DSP in a FastRPC call; the DSP side will import the queue and start
+    // listening for packets in a callback.
+    err = htp_iface_start(this->handle, dev_id, this->queue_id, opt_nhvx);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to start session: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: iface start failed (see log for details)");
+    }
+    this->valid_iface = true;
+}
+
+void ggml_hexagon_session::release() noexcept(true) {
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: releasing session: %s\n", this->name.c_str());
+
+    int err;
+
+    // Stop the DSP-side service and close the queue
+    if (this->valid_iface) {
+        err = htp_iface_stop(this->handle);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: htp_iface_stop failed: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (opt_etm) {
+        err = htp_iface_disable_etm(this->handle);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: warn : failed to disable ETM tracing: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (this->valid_queue) {
+        err = dspqueue_close(queue);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: dspqueue_close failed: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (this->valid_handle) {
+        htp_iface_close(this->handle);
+    }
+}
+
+ggml_hexagon_session::ggml_hexagon_session(int dev_id, ggml_backend_dev_t dev) noexcept(false) {
+    buffer_type.device        = dev;
+    repack_buffer_type.device = dev;
+
+    try {
+        allocate(dev_id);
+
+        buffer_type.iface   = ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_interface;
+        buffer_type.context = new ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context(this->name, this);
+
+        repack_buffer_type.iface   = ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_interface;
+        repack_buffer_type.context = new ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context(this->name + "-REPACK", this);
+    } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+        release();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+ggml_hexagon_session::~ggml_hexagon_session() noexcept(true) {
+    release();
+
+    delete static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context *>(buffer_type.context);
+    delete static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context *>(repack_buffer_type.context);
+}
+
+// ** backend interface
+
+static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_hexagon(const struct ggml_backend_buffer * b) {
+    return b->buft->iface.get_alignment == ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alignment;
+}
+
+static inline bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_hexagon_repack(const struct ggml_backend_buffer * b) {
+    if (!opt_hostbuf) {
+        return ggml_backend_buffer_is_hexagon(b);
+    }
+    return b->buft->iface.alloc_buffer == ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_alloc_buffer;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_flash_attn_ext(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src2 = op->src[2];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src3 = op->src[3];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src4 = op->src[4];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    // Check for F16 support only as requested
+    if ((src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) || src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || src2->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src3 && src3->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {  // mask
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src4 && src4->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {  // sinks
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // For now we support F32 or F16 output as htp backend often converts output on the fly if needed,
+    // but the op implementation writes to F16 or F32.
+    // Let's assume dst can be F32 or F16.
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return opt_experimental;
+}
+
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_mul_mat(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            if (src0->ne[0] % 32) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (ggml_nrows(src0) > 16 * 1024) {
+                return false;  // typically the lm-head which would be too large for VTCM
+            }
+
+            if (ggml_nrows(src1) > 1024 || src1->ne[2] != 1 || src1->ne[3] != 1) {
+                return false;  // no huge batches or broadcasting (for now)
+            }
+
+            // src0 (weights) must be repacked
+            if (src0->buffer && !ggml_backend_buffer_is_hexagon_repack(src0->buffer)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            if (src0->nb[1] < src0->nb[0]) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_hexagon_supported_mul_mat: permuted F16 src0 not supported\n");
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (ggml_nrows(src1) > 1024) {
+                return false;  // no huge batches (for now)
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_mul_mat_id(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src2 = op->src[2];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || src2->type != GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            if ((src0->ne[0] % 32)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // src0 (weights) must be repacked
+            if (src0->buffer && !ggml_backend_buffer_is_hexagon_repack(src0->buffer)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_binary(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!ggml_can_repeat(src1, src0) || ggml_is_permuted(src1)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_add_id(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // REVISIT: add support for non-contigiuos tensors
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_unary(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: add support for non-contigiuos tensors
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_sum_rows(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: add support for non-contigiuos tensors
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_activations(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess,
+                                               const struct ggml_tensor *          op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src1) {
+        if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_softmax(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src2 = op->src[2];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src2) {
+        return false;  // FIXME: add support for sinks
+    }
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src1) {
+        if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src0->ne[0] != src1->ne[0]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src1->ne[1] < src0->ne[1]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src0->ne[2] % src1->ne[2] != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src0->ne[3] % src1->ne[3] != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (src1) {
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_set_rows(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0]; // values
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1]; // indices
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1->type != GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_get_rows(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0]; // values
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1]; // indices
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1->type != GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_argsort(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0]; // values
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;         // indices
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src0->ne[0] > (16*1024)) {
+        // reject tensors with huge rows for now
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_rope(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const int32_t * op_params = &op->op_params[0];
+
+    int mode = op_params[2];
+
+    if ((mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) || (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (mode & 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src2 = op->src[2];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;  // FIXME: add support for GGML_TYPE_F16 for src0
+    }
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (src2) {
+        if (src2->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int n_dims = op_params[1];
+        if (src2->ne[0] < (n_dims / 2)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (src2) {
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src2) ||
+            !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_ssm_conv(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    // Only support FP32 for now
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check IO tensor shapes and dims
+    if (src0->ne[3] != 1 || src1->ne[2] != 1 || src1->ne[3] != 1 || dst->ne[3] != 1) {
+        return false; // src0 should be effectively 3D
+    }
+
+    const int d_conv = src1->ne[0];
+    const int d_inner = src0->ne[1];
+    const int n_t = dst->ne[1];
+    const int n_s = dst->ne[2];
+
+    if (src0->ne[0] != d_conv - 1 + n_t || src0->ne[1] != d_inner || src0->ne[2] != n_s) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (src1->ne[0] != d_conv || src1->ne[1] != d_inner) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (dst->ne[0] != d_inner || dst->ne[1] != n_t || dst->ne[2] != n_s) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: add support for non-contiguous tensors
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1) || !ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+enum dspqbuf_type {
+    DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ = 0,
+    DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ,
+    DSPQBUF_TYPE_CONSTANT,
+};
+
+static void dspqbuf_dump(dspqueue_buffer * d, const struct ggml_tensor * t, dspqbuf_type type) {
+    if (opt_verbose < 2) return;
+
+    auto buf  = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *>(t->buffer->context);
+    auto sess = buf->sess;
+
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s dspqbuf : %s base-addr %p base-size %zu data %p offset %u size %u\n", sess->name.c_str(),
+                t->name, (void *) buf->base, buf->size, (void *) d->ptr, (unsigned int) d->offset,
+                (unsigned int) d->size);
+}
+
+// Init hexagon tensor from GGML tensor and Hexagon buffer
+static void htp_req_tensor_init(htp_tensor * h, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    h->data  = 0;  // updated by the receiver
+    h->type  = t->type;
+    h->ne[0] = t->ne[0];
+    h->ne[1] = t->ne[1];
+    h->ne[2] = t->ne[2];
+    h->ne[3] = t->ne[3];
+    h->nb[0] = t->nb[0];
+    h->nb[1] = t->nb[1];
+    h->nb[2] = t->nb[2];
+    h->nb[3] = t->nb[3];
+}
+
+static size_t htp_req_buff_init(htp_tensor *h, dspqueue_buffer * d, const ggml_tensor * t, dspqbuf_type type) {
+    if (!t) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    auto buf = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_context *>(t->buffer->context);
+
+    memset(d, 0, sizeof(*d));
+    d->fd     = buf->fd;
+    d->ptr    = t->data;
+    d->offset = (uint8_t *) t->data - buf->base;
+    d->size   = ggml_nbytes(t);
+
+    if (!d->size) {
+        // Some requests contain srcs where ggml_nbytes() returns 0 but the rest of the op is non-empty
+        d->size = 64;
+    }
+
+    switch (type) {
+        case DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ:
+            // Flush CPU
+            d->flags = DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER;
+            break;
+        case DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ:
+            // Flush CPU, Invalidate DSP
+            d->flags = DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER | DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT;
+            break;
+        default:
+            // Constant buffer, no cache maintenance
+            d->flags = 0;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    htp_req_tensor_init(h, t);
+
+    dspqbuf_dump(d, t, type);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+typedef size_t (*htp_req_init_func_t)(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * op);
+
+template <htp_req_init_func_t _init_req_func>
+static inline void ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op(ggml_hexagon_session *sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op, uint32_t flags) {
+    uint64_t t = ggml_time_us();
+
+    // Construct HTP request
+    htp_general_req req;
+    memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+
+    req.flags = flags;
+    if (!(opt_opmask & HTP_OPMASK_QUANTIZE)) {
+        req.flags |= HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_QUANTIZE;
+    }
+    if (!(opt_opmask & HTP_OPMASK_COMPUTE)) {
+        req.flags |= HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE;
+    }
+
+    ggml_hexagon_dump_op_exec(sess->name, op, req.flags);
+
+    if ((opt_opmask & HTP_OPMASK_QUEUE)) {
+        dspqueue_buffer bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+        size_t n_bufs = _init_req_func(&req, bufs, op);
+        sess->enqueue(req, bufs, n_bufs, opt_opsync);
+    }
+
+    t = ggml_time_us() - t;
+
+    ggml_hexagon_dump_op_prof(sess->name, op, sess->prof_usecs, sess->prof_cycles, sess->prof_pkts, t);
+}
+
+template <bool _is_src0_constant>
+static inline size_t init_binary_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    switch (t->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            req->op = HTP_OP_MUL_MAT;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+            req->op = HTP_OP_MUL;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+            req->op = HTP_OP_ADD;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+            req->op = HTP_OP_SUB;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+            req->op = HTP_OP_DIV;
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: binary : unsupported op: %d\n", t->op);
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // src0: Weights (mulmat) or First Operand (binary op).
+    // If constant (e.g. weights), no cache management is needed.
+    // src1: Input Activations (mulmat) or Second Operand (binary op).
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], _is_src0_constant ? DSPQBUF_TYPE_CONSTANT : DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_cpy_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    req->op = HTP_OP_CPY;
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_get_rows_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    req->op = HTP_OP_GET_ROWS;
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_argsort_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    req->op = HTP_OP_ARGSORT;
+    memcpy(&req->op_params, &t->op_params, sizeof(t->op_params));
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+template <bool _is_src0_constant>
+static inline size_t init_binary_id_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    switch (t->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            req->op = HTP_OP_MUL_MAT_ID;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            req->op = HTP_OP_ADD_ID;
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: unsupported op: %d\n", t->op);
+    }
+
+    // src0: Weights (mulmat) or Input Activations (other op).
+    // If constant, no cache management is needed.
+    // src1: Input Activations (mulmat) or Second Operand (binary op).
+    // src2: Expert IDs (mulmat) or Activated Experts (other op).
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], _is_src0_constant ? DSPQBUF_TYPE_CONSTANT : DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src2, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[2], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_set_rows_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    req->op = HTP_OP_SET_ROWS;
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_unary_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    memcpy(&req->op_params, &t->op_params, sizeof(t->op_params));
+
+    bool supported = false;
+
+    switch (t->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            req->op   = HTP_OP_RMS_NORM;
+            supported = true;
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            req->op   = HTP_OP_SCALE;
+            supported = true;
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+            req->op   = HTP_OP_SQR;
+            supported = true;
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+            req->op   = HTP_OP_SQRT;
+            supported = true;
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            if (ggml_get_unary_op(t) == GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU) {
+                req->op   = HTP_OP_UNARY_SILU;
+                supported = true;
+            } else if (ggml_get_unary_op(t) == GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU) {
+                req->op   = HTP_OP_UNARY_GELU;
+                supported = true;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            if (ggml_get_glu_op(t) == GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU) {
+                req->op   = HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU;
+                supported = true;
+            } else if (ggml_get_glu_op(t) == GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI) {
+                req->op   = HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU_OAI;
+                supported = true;
+            } else if (ggml_get_glu_op(t) == GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU) {
+                req->op   = HTP_OP_GLU_GEGLU;
+                supported = true;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+            req->op   = HTP_OP_SOFTMAX;
+            supported = true;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (!supported) {
+        GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: unary : unsupported op: %d\n", t->op);
+    }
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_sum_rows_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    memcpy(&req->op_params, &t->op_params, sizeof(t->op_params));
+    req->op = HTP_OP_SUM_ROWS;
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_rope_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    memcpy(&req->op_params, &t->op_params, sizeof(t->op_params));
+    req->op = HTP_OP_ROPE;
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src2, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[2], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_flash_attn_ext_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    memcpy(&req->op_params, &t->op_params, sizeof(t->op_params));
+    req->op = HTP_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT;
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src2, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[2], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src3, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[3], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src4, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[4], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static inline size_t init_ssm_conv_req(htp_general_req * req, dspqueue_buffer * bufs, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    req->op = HTP_OP_SSM_CONV;
+
+    size_t n_bufs = 0;
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src0, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[0], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CPU_WRITE_DSP_READ);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->src1, &bufs[n_bufs], t->src[1], DSPQBUF_TYPE_CONSTANT);
+    n_bufs += htp_req_buff_init(&req->dst,  &bufs[n_bufs], t,         DSPQBUF_TYPE_DSP_WRITE_CPU_READ);
+
+    return n_bufs;
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_hexagon_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(backend->context);
+    return sess->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    // we just need to delete the backend here
+    // the sessions are allocated & freed as part of the registry
+    delete backend;
+}
+
+static inline bool op_reuse_src1(const ggml_tensor * op1, const ggml_tensor * op0) {
+    return (op0 && op0->src[1] == op1->src[1] && ggml_is_quantized(op0->src[0]->type));
+}
+
+static inline bool is_compute_op(ggml_tensor *node)
+{
+    return !ggml_op_is_empty(node->op) && !ggml_is_empty(node) && (node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE);
+}
+
+// scan the graph and figure out last compute op index
+static inline int last_compute_op(ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    int last = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < graph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+        if (is_compute_op(graph->nodes[i])) {
+            last = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return last;
+}
+
+static ggml_status ggml_backend_hexagon_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(backend->context);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s graph-compute n_nodes %d\n", sess->name.c_str(), graph->n_nodes);
+
+    const int last = last_compute_op(graph);
+
+    const struct ggml_tensor * prev_op = nullptr;  // prev executed op
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < graph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+        ggml_tensor * node = graph->nodes[i];
+
+        if (!is_compute_op(node)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t flags = 0;
+
+        // skip quantizer if src1 is reused
+        if (op_reuse_src1(node, prev_op)) {
+            flags |= HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_QUANTIZE;
+        }
+
+        prev_op = node;
+
+        // ask for early notification for the last Op
+        if (i == last) {
+            flags |= HTP_OPFLAGS_EARLY_WAKEUP;
+        }
+
+        switch (node->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                if (ggml_is_quantized(node->src[0]->type)) {
+                    ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_binary_req<true>>(sess, node, flags);
+                } else {
+                    ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_binary_req<false>>(sess, node, flags);
+                }
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+                if (ggml_is_quantized(node->src[0]->type)) {
+                    ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_binary_id_req<true>>(sess, node, flags);
+                } else {
+                    ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_binary_id_req<false>>(sess, node, flags);
+                }
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_MUL:
+            case GGML_OP_ADD:
+            case GGML_OP_SUB:
+            case GGML_OP_DIV:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_binary_req<false>>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_binary_id_req<false>>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_unary_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_SQR:
+            case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_unary_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_sum_rows_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+                if ((ggml_get_unary_op(node) == GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU) ||
+                        (ggml_get_unary_op(node) == GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU)) {
+                    ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_unary_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                }
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_GLU:
+                if ((ggml_get_glu_op(node) == GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU) ||
+                        (ggml_get_glu_op(node) == GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI) ||
+                        (ggml_get_glu_op(node) == GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU)) {
+                    ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_unary_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                }
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_unary_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_rope_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_flash_attn_ext_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_set_rows_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_get_rows_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_OP_CPY:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_cpy_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_argsort_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+                ggml_hexagon_dispatch_op<init_ssm_conv_req>(sess, node, flags);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("\nggml-hex: graph-compute %s is not supported\n", ggml_op_desc(node));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Wait until all pending ops complete
+    sess->flush();
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(backend->context);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s synchronize\n", sess->name.c_str());
+
+    // Wait until all pending ops complete
+    sess->flush();
+}
+
+struct node_info {
+    ggml_tensor * node;
+
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> fused;
+
+    ggml_op op() const {
+        return node->op;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * dst() const {
+        return fused.empty() ? node : fused.back();
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0() const {
+        return node->src[0];
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src1() const {
+        return node->src[1];
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() const {
+        return ggml_op_is_empty(node->op);
+    }
+
+    void add_fused(ggml_tensor * t) {
+        fused.push_back(t);
+    }
+
+    bool stackable() const {
+        switch (this->op()) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+                return ggml_is_quantized(this->src0()->type);
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool same_input(const node_info& n) const {
+        return n.src1() == this->src1();
+    }
+};
+
+static std::vector<int> ggml_hexagon_graph_optimize_reorder(const std::vector<node_info> & nodes) {
+    const int n = nodes.size();
+
+    std::vector<int> res;
+    res.reserve(n);
+
+    std::vector<bool> used(n, false);
+
+    // The main goal here is to stack the MUL_MAT ops with the same src1 input.
+    // This allows use to reuse dynamically quantized src1 in VTCM.
+
+    // TODO: the current version might do incorrect reordering in cases where quantized src0
+    //       input is an output of another Op.
+
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0++) {
+        if (used[i0]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        res.push_back(i0);
+
+        const auto & node0 = nodes[i0];
+
+        if (!node0.stackable()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // that many nodes forward to search for stackable nodes that can reuse VTCM
+        constexpr int N_FORWARD = 16;
+
+        for (int i1 = i0 + 1; i1 < i0 + N_FORWARD && i1 < n; i1++) {
+            if (used[i1]) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto & node1 = nodes[i1];
+
+            if (node1.stackable() && node1.same_input(node0)) {
+                res.push_back(i1);
+                used[i1] = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_graph_optimize(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * gf) {
+    const int n = gf->n_nodes;
+
+    constexpr int MAX_FUSE = 16;
+
+    enum ggml_op ops[MAX_FUSE];
+
+    std::vector<node_info> nodes;
+    nodes.reserve(gf->n_nodes);
+
+    // fuse nodes:
+    // we don't want to make reorders that break fusing, so we first pack all fusable tensors
+    //   and perform the reorder over the fused nodes. after the reorder is done, we unfuse
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        node_info node = {
+            /*.node =*/gf->nodes[i],
+            /*.fused =*/{},
+        };
+
+        // fuse only ops that start with these operations
+        // can be expanded when needed
+        if (node.op() == GGML_OP_ADD ||
+            node.op() == GGML_OP_NORM ||
+            node.op() == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+            ops[0] = node.op();
+
+            int f = i + 1;
+            while (f < n && f < i + MAX_FUSE) {
+                // conservatively allow fusing only these ops
+                // can be expanded when needed
+                if (gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_ADD &&
+                    gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_MUL &&
+                    gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_NORM &&
+                    gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                ops[f - i] = gf->nodes[f]->op;
+                f++;
+            }
+
+            f -= i;
+            for (; f > 1; f--) {
+                if (ggml_can_fuse(gf, i, ops, f)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add the fused tensors into the node info so we can unfuse them later
+            for (int k = 1; k < f; k++) {
+                ++i;
+
+                // the .dst() becomes the last fused tensor
+                node.add_fused(gf->nodes[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        nodes.push_back(std::move(node));
+    }
+
+    const auto order = ggml_hexagon_graph_optimize_reorder(nodes);
+
+    // unfuse
+    {
+        int j = 0;
+        for (const auto i : order) {
+            const auto & node = nodes[i];
+
+            gf->nodes[j++] = node.node;
+
+            for (auto * fused : node.fused) {
+                gf->nodes[j++] = fused;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static struct ggml_backend_i hexagon_backend_i = {
+    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_name,
+    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .synchronize             = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_synchronize,
+    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_graph_optimize,
+};
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_hexagon_guid() {
+    static ggml_guid guid = { 0x7b, 0x57, 0xdc, 0xaf, 0xde, 0x12, 0x1d, 0x49,
+                              0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11 };
+    return &guid;
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_is_hexagon(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return backend && backend->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_hexagon_name;
+}
+
+// device interface
+
+static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_hexagon_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
+
+    return new ggml_backend{
+        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_guid(),
+        /* .interface = */ hexagon_backend_i,
+        /* .device    = */ dev,
+        /* .context   = */ sess,
+    };
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
+    return sess->name.c_str();
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return "Hexagon";
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    // ~2GB per session for now
+    *free  = 2ULL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+    *total = *free;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name        = ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type        = ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_type(dev);
+    ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+    props->caps = {
+        /* .async                 = */ true,
+        /* .host_buffer           = */ (bool) opt_hostbuf,
+        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
+        /* .events                = */ false,
+    };
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
+    return &sess->buffer_type;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_repack_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
+    return &sess->repack_buffer_type;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_buffer(ggml_hexagon_session *sess, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    if (t && t->buffer) {
+        if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_hexagon(t->buffer)      == false) return false; // not our buffer
+        if (ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_get_sess(t->buffer) != sess) return false; // wrong session
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_buffers(ggml_hexagon_session *sess, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    // all srcs & dsts must be mapped to the same session
+    if (!ggml_hexagon_supported_buffer(sess, t)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (!ggml_hexagon_supported_buffer(sess, t->src[i])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_cpy(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    // for now we can do f32 -> f16 and f16 -> f32 (without reshaping)
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) return false;
+    if ( dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 &&  dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) return false;
+
+    const bool sametype   = (src0->type == dst->type);
+    const bool transposed = ggml_is_transposed(src0) || ggml_is_transposed(dst);
+    const bool sameshape  = !transposed && ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst);
+
+    // can handle any shape and any same-type (pretty slow if reshaping is required)
+    if (sametype) return true;
+
+    // cannot handle re-shaping and type conversion at the same time
+    if (!sameshape) return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_hexagon_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
+
+    // all srcs & dsts must be mapped to the same session
+    if (!ggml_hexagon_supported_buffers(sess, op)) {
+        ggml_hexagon_dump_op_supp(sess->name, op, false);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool supp = false;
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+            supp = true;
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_mul_mat(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_mul_mat_id(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_binary(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_add_id(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_unary(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_unary(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_sum_rows(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_softmax(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            {
+                const auto unary_op = ggml_get_unary_op(op);
+                if (unary_op == GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU || unary_op == GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU) {
+                    supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_activations(sess, op);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            {
+                const auto glu_op = ggml_get_glu_op(op);
+                if ((glu_op == GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU) || (glu_op == GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI) || (glu_op == GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU)) {
+                    supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_activations(sess, op);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_rope(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_flash_attn_ext(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_set_rows(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_get_rows(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_cpy(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_argsort(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_ssm_conv(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    ggml_hexagon_dump_op_supp(sess->name, op, supp);
+    return supp;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_hexagon_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    if (buft->iface.get_alignment != ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_get_alignment) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto s0 = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
+    auto s1 = static_cast<ggml_backend_hexagon_buffer_type_context *>(buft->context)->sess;
+
+    // Need session/domain-id for buffers to be compatible
+    bool supp = (s0->session_id == s1->session_id);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s device-supports-buft %s (%d)\n", s0->name.c_str(), s1->name.c_str(), (int) supp);
+
+    return supp;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_extra_buffers_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    auto s0 = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: device-get-extra-buft : %s \n", s0->name.c_str());
+
+    static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t bufts[2];
+    bufts[0] = ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_repack_buffer_type(dev);
+    bufts[1] = NULL;
+    return bufts;
+}
+
+static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_hexagon_device_i = {
+    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_init,
+    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_host_buffer_type,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_hexagon_device_buffer_from_ptr,
+    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op           = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_hexagon_device_offload_op,
+    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
+};
+
+//** backend registry
+
+#define GGML_HEXAGON_MAX_SESSIONS 16
+
+struct ggml_hexagon_registry {
+    ggml_hexagon_registry(ggml_backend_reg_t reg);
+    ~ggml_hexagon_registry();
+
+    ggml_backend_device devices[GGML_HEXAGON_MAX_SESSIONS];
+};
+
+ggml_hexagon_registry::ggml_hexagon_registry(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: Hexagon backend (experimental) : allocating new registry : ndev %zu\n", opt_ndev);
+
+    if (!opt_arch) {
+        int err = get_hex_arch_ver(CDSP_DOMAIN_ID, &opt_arch);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to query HTP version (err %d) defaulting to v73\n", err);
+            opt_arch = 73;
+        }
+    }
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    if (opt_arch < 75) {
+        opt_ndev = 1;
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml-hex: forcing ndev to 1 for SoCs archs lower than v75.\n");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: Hexagon Arch version v%d\n", opt_arch);
+
+    // Create devices / sessions
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < opt_ndev; i++) {
+        devices[i].iface = ggml_backend_hexagon_device_i;
+        devices[i].reg   = reg;
+        try {
+            devices[i].context = new ggml_hexagon_session(i, &devices[i]);
+        } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to create device/session %zu\n", i);
+            devices[i].context = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+ggml_hexagon_registry::~ggml_hexagon_registry() {
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: releasing registry\n");
+
+    // Release devices / sessions
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < opt_ndev; i++) {
+        auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(devices[i].context);
+        delete sess;
+    }
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return "HTP";
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return opt_ndev;
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    auto hreg = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_registry *>(reg->context);
+
+    if (index >= opt_ndev || !hreg->devices[index].context) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return &hreg->devices[index];
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_hexagon_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
+    if (strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts") == 0 && opt_hostbuf) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_t fct = ggml_backend_hexagon_device_get_extra_buffers_type;
+        return (void *) fct;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void ggml_hexagon_init(ggml_backend_reg * reg) {
+    // Basic sanity checks to make sure definitions match
+    static_assert((unsigned int) HTP_TYPE_Q4_0 == (unsigned int) GGML_TYPE_Q4_0,
+                  "please update hexagon_type to match ggml_type");
+    static_assert((unsigned int) HTP_TYPE_Q8_0 == (unsigned int) GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+                  "please update hexagon_type to match ggml_type");
+    static_assert((unsigned int) HTP_TYPE_MXFP4 == (unsigned int) GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,
+                  "please update hexagon_type to match ggml_type");
+
+    const char * str_experimental = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_EXPERIMENTAL");
+    const char * str_verbose = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_VERBOSE");
+    const char * str_hostbuf = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_HOSTBUF");
+    const char * str_opmask  = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPMASK");
+    const char * str_opsync  = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPSYNC");
+    const char * str_profile = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_PROFILE");
+    const char * str_etm     = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_ETM");
+    const char * str_nhvx    = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_NHVX");
+    const char * str_ndev    = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_NDEV");
+    const char * str_arch    = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_ARCH");
+
+    opt_experimental = str_experimental ? atoi(str_experimental) : 0;
+    opt_verbose      = str_verbose ? atoi(str_verbose) : 0;
+    opt_hostbuf      = str_hostbuf ? atoi(str_hostbuf) : opt_hostbuf;
+    opt_opmask       = str_opmask  ? strtoul(str_opmask, NULL, 0) : opt_opmask;
+    opt_opsync       = str_opsync  ? atoi(str_opsync)  : 0;
+    opt_profile      = str_profile ? atoi(str_profile) : 0;
+    opt_etm          = str_etm     ? atoi(str_etm) : 0;
+    opt_nhvx         = str_nhvx    ? strtoul(str_nhvx, NULL, 0) : opt_nhvx;
+    opt_ndev         = str_ndev    ? strtoul(str_ndev, NULL, 0) : opt_ndev;
+
+    if (opt_ndev > GGML_HEXAGON_MAX_SESSIONS) {
+        opt_ndev = GGML_HEXAGON_MAX_SESSIONS;
+    }
+
+    if (str_arch) {
+        if (str_arch[0] == 'v') {
+            str_arch++;
+        }
+        opt_arch = strtoul(str_arch, NULL, 0);
+    }
+
+    opt_hostbuf = str_hostbuf ? atoi(str_hostbuf) : 1;
+
+    reg->context = new ggml_hexagon_registry(reg);
+
+    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: size-of-general-req %zu size-of-general-rsp %zu\n", sizeof(struct htp_general_req),
+                sizeof(struct htp_general_rsp));
+}
+
+static const struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_i = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_get_device_count,
+    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_get_device,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_get_proc_address,
+};
+
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_hexagon_reg(void) {
+    static bool initialized = false;
+
+    static ggml_backend_reg reg = { /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+                                    /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_hexagon_reg_i,
+                                    /* .context     = */ NULL };
+
+    {
+        static std::mutex           mutex;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        if (!initialized) {
+            auto nErr = htpdrv_init();
+            if (nErr != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            ggml_hexagon_init(&reg);
+        }
+
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    return &reg;
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_hexagon_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp-drv.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp-drv.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c376b5fc91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp-drv.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+// sample drv interface
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-anonymous-struct"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-prototypes"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#   define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#   ifndef NOMINMAX
+#       define NOMINMAX
+#   endif
+#   include <windows.h>
+#   include <winevt.h>
+#else
+#    include <dlfcn.h>
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "htp-drv.h"
+#include "libdl.h"
+
+#include <domain.h>
+
+//
+// Driver API types
+//
+
+typedef void * (*rpcmem_alloc_pfn_t)(int heapid, uint32_t flags, int size);
+typedef void * (*rpcmem_alloc2_pfn_t)(int heapid, uint32_t flags, size_t size);
+typedef void   (*rpcmem_free_pfn_t)(void * po);
+typedef int    (*rpcmem_to_fd_pfn_t)(void * po);
+
+typedef AEEResult (*dspqueue_create_pfn_t)(int                 domain,
+                                           uint32_t            flags,
+                                           uint32_t            req_queue_size,
+                                           uint32_t            resp_queue_size,
+                                           dspqueue_callback_t packet_callback,
+                                           dspqueue_callback_t error_callback,
+                                           void *              callback_context,
+                                           dspqueue_t *        queue);
+typedef AEEResult (*dspqueue_close_pfn_t)(dspqueue_t queue);
+typedef AEEResult (*dspqueue_export_pfn_t)(dspqueue_t queue, uint64_t *queue_id);
+typedef AEEResult (*dspqueue_write_pfn_t)(dspqueue_t queue, uint32_t flags,
+                                          uint32_t num_buffers,
+                                          struct dspqueue_buffer *buffers,
+                                          uint32_t message_length,
+                                          const uint8_t *message,
+                                          uint32_t timeout_us);
+typedef AEEResult (*dspqueue_read_pfn_t)(dspqueue_t queue, uint32_t *flags,
+                                         uint32_t max_buffers, uint32_t *num_buffers,
+                                         struct dspqueue_buffer *buffers,
+                                         uint32_t max_message_length,
+                                         uint32_t *message_length, uint8_t *message,
+                                         uint32_t timeout_us);
+
+typedef int (*fastrpc_mmap_pfn_t)(int domain, int fd, void *addr, int offset, size_t length, enum fastrpc_map_flags flags);
+typedef int (*fastrpc_munmap_pfn_t)(int domain, int fd, void *addr, size_t length);
+
+typedef int (*remote_handle64_open_pfn_t)(const char* name, remote_handle64 *ph);
+typedef int (*remote_handle64_invoke_pfn_t)(remote_handle64 h, uint32_t dwScalars, remote_arg *pra);
+typedef int (*remote_handle64_close_pfn_t)(remote_handle h);
+typedef int (*remote_handle_control_pfn_t)(uint32_t req, void* data, uint32_t datalen);
+typedef int (*remote_handle64_control_pfn_t)(remote_handle64 h, uint32_t req, void* data, uint32_t datalen);
+typedef int (*remote_session_control_pfn_t)(uint32_t req, void *data, uint32_t datalen);
+
+//
+// Driver API pfns
+//
+
+rpcmem_alloc_pfn_t  rpcmem_alloc_pfn  = nullptr;
+rpcmem_alloc2_pfn_t rpcmem_alloc2_pfn = nullptr;
+rpcmem_free_pfn_t   rpcmem_free_pfn   = nullptr;
+rpcmem_to_fd_pfn_t  rpcmem_to_fd_pfn  = nullptr;
+
+fastrpc_mmap_pfn_t   fastrpc_mmap_pfn   = nullptr;
+fastrpc_munmap_pfn_t fastrpc_munmap_pfn = nullptr;
+
+dspqueue_create_pfn_t dspqueue_create_pfn = nullptr;
+dspqueue_close_pfn_t  dspqueue_close_pfn  = nullptr;
+dspqueue_export_pfn_t dspqueue_export_pfn = nullptr;
+dspqueue_write_pfn_t  dspqueue_write_pfn  = nullptr;
+dspqueue_read_pfn_t   dspqueue_read_pfn   = nullptr;
+
+remote_handle64_open_pfn_t    remote_handle64_open_pfn    = nullptr;
+remote_handle64_invoke_pfn_t  remote_handle64_invoke_pfn  = nullptr;
+remote_handle64_close_pfn_t   remote_handle64_close_pfn   = nullptr;
+remote_handle_control_pfn_t   remote_handle_control_pfn   = nullptr;
+remote_handle64_control_pfn_t remote_handle64_control_pfn = nullptr;
+remote_session_control_pfn_t  remote_session_control_pfn  = nullptr;
+
+//
+// Driver API
+//
+
+void * rpcmem_alloc(int heapid, uint32_t flags, int size) {
+    return rpcmem_alloc_pfn(heapid, flags, size);
+}
+
+void * rpcmem_alloc2(int heapid, uint32_t flags, size_t size) {
+    if (rpcmem_alloc2_pfn) {
+        return rpcmem_alloc2_pfn(heapid, flags, size);
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: rpcmem_alloc2 not found, falling back to rpcmem_alloc\n");
+        return rpcmem_alloc_pfn(heapid, flags, size);
+    }
+}
+
+void rpcmem_free(void * po) {
+    return rpcmem_free_pfn(po);
+}
+
+int rpcmem_to_fd(void * po) {
+    return rpcmem_to_fd_pfn(po);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int fastrpc_mmap(int domain, int fd, void * addr, int offset, size_t length, enum fastrpc_map_flags flags) {
+    return fastrpc_mmap_pfn(domain, fd, addr, offset, length, flags);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int fastrpc_munmap(int domain, int fd, void * addr, size_t length) {
+    return fastrpc_munmap_pfn(domain, fd, addr, length);
+}
+
+AEEResult dspqueue_create(int                 domain,
+                          uint32_t            flags,
+                          uint32_t            req_queue_size,
+                          uint32_t            resp_queue_size,
+                          dspqueue_callback_t packet_callback,
+                          dspqueue_callback_t error_callback,
+                          void *              callback_context,
+                          dspqueue_t *        queue) {
+    return dspqueue_create_pfn(domain, flags, req_queue_size, resp_queue_size, packet_callback, error_callback,
+                               callback_context, queue);
+}
+
+AEEResult dspqueue_close(dspqueue_t queue) {
+    return dspqueue_close_pfn(queue);
+}
+
+AEEResult dspqueue_export(dspqueue_t queue, uint64_t * queue_id) {
+    return dspqueue_export_pfn(queue, queue_id);
+}
+
+AEEResult dspqueue_write(dspqueue_t               queue,
+                         uint32_t                 flags,
+                         uint32_t                 num_buffers,
+                         struct dspqueue_buffer * buffers,
+                         uint32_t                 message_length,
+                         const uint8_t *          message,
+                         uint32_t                 timeout_us) {
+    return dspqueue_write_pfn(queue, flags, num_buffers, buffers, message_length, message, timeout_us);
+}
+
+AEEResult dspqueue_read(dspqueue_t               queue,
+                        uint32_t *               flags,
+                        uint32_t                 max_buffers,
+                        uint32_t *               num_buffers,
+                        struct dspqueue_buffer * buffers,
+                        uint32_t                 max_message_length,
+                        uint32_t *               message_length,
+                        uint8_t *                message,
+                        uint32_t                 timeout_us) {
+    return dspqueue_read_pfn(queue, flags, max_buffers, num_buffers, buffers, max_message_length, message_length,
+                             message, timeout_us);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int remote_handle64_open(const char * name, remote_handle64 * ph) {
+    return remote_handle64_open_pfn(name, ph);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int remote_handle64_invoke(remote_handle64 h, uint32_t dwScalars, remote_arg * pra) {
+    return remote_handle64_invoke_pfn(h, dwScalars, pra);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int remote_handle64_close(remote_handle64 h) {
+    return remote_handle64_close_pfn(h);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int remote_handle_control(uint32_t req, void * data, uint32_t datalen) {
+    return remote_handle_control_pfn(req, data, datalen);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int remote_handle64_control(remote_handle64 h, uint32_t req, void * data, uint32_t datalen) {
+    return remote_handle64_control_pfn(h, req, data, datalen);
+}
+
+HTPDRV_API int remote_session_control(uint32_t req, void * data, uint32_t datalen) {
+    return remote_session_control_pfn(req, data, datalen);
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+static std::string wstr_to_str(std::wstring_view wstr) {
+    std::string result;
+    if (wstr.empty()) {
+        return result;
+    }
+    auto bytes_needed = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, WC_ERR_INVALID_CHARS,
+                                            wstr.data(), (int) wstr.size(),
+                                            nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (bytes_needed == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: WideCharToMultiByte failed. Error %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid wstring input");
+    }
+
+    result.resize(bytes_needed, '\0');
+    int bytes_written = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, WC_ERR_INVALID_CHARS,
+                                            wstr.data(), (int) wstr.size(),
+                                            result.data(), bytes_needed,
+                                            nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (bytes_written == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: WideCharToMultiByte failed. Error %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        throw std::runtime_error("Wstring conversion failed");
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static std::string get_driver_path() {
+    std::wstring serviceName = L"qcnspmcdm";
+    std::string result;
+
+    // Get a handle to the SCM database.
+    SC_HANDLE schSCManager = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ);
+    if (nullptr == schSCManager) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: Failed to open SCManager. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Get a handle to the service.
+    SC_HANDLE schService = OpenServiceW(schSCManager,           // SCM database
+                                        serviceName.c_str(),    // name of service
+                                        SERVICE_QUERY_CONFIG);  // need query config access
+
+    if (nullptr == schService) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: Failed to open qcnspmcdm service. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Store the size of buffer used as an output.
+    DWORD bufferSize;
+    if (!QueryServiceConfigW(schService, NULL, 0, &bufferSize) &&
+        (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: Failed to query service config. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        CloseServiceHandle(schService);
+        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
+        return result;
+    }
+    // Get the configuration of the service.
+    LPQUERY_SERVICE_CONFIGW serviceConfig =
+        static_cast<LPQUERY_SERVICE_CONFIGW>(LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED, bufferSize));
+    if (!QueryServiceConfigW(schService, serviceConfig, bufferSize, &bufferSize)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "ggml-hex: Failed to query service config. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        LocalFree(serviceConfig);
+        CloseServiceHandle(schService);
+        CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Read the driver file path get its parent directory
+    std::wstring driverPath = std::wstring(serviceConfig->lpBinaryPathName);
+    driverPath = driverPath.substr(0, driverPath.find_last_of(L"\\"));
+
+    // Clean up resources
+    LocalFree(serviceConfig);
+    CloseServiceHandle(schService);
+    CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
+
+    // Driver path would contain invalid path string, like:
+    // \SystemRoot\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\qcadsprpc8280.inf_arm64_c2b9460c9a072f37
+    // "\SystemRoot" should be replace with a correct one (e.g. C:\Windows)
+    const std::wstring systemRootPlaceholder = L"\\SystemRoot";
+    if (0 != driverPath.compare(0, systemRootPlaceholder.length(), systemRootPlaceholder)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: String pattern not found in driver path.\n");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Replace \SystemRoot with an absolute path from system ENV windir
+    const std::wstring systemRootEnv = L"windir";
+
+    // Query the number of wide characters this variable requires
+    DWORD numWords = GetEnvironmentVariableW(systemRootEnv.c_str(), NULL, 0);
+    if (numWords == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: Failed get systemRoot environment variable\n");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Query the actual system root name from environment variable
+    std::vector<wchar_t> systemRoot(numWords + 1);
+    numWords = GetEnvironmentVariableW(systemRootEnv.c_str(), systemRoot.data(), numWords + 1);
+    if (numWords == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: Failed to read windir environment variable\n");
+        return result;
+    }
+    driverPath.replace(0, systemRootPlaceholder.length(), std::wstring(systemRoot.data()));
+
+    return wstr_to_str(driverPath);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+using dl_handle_ptr = std::unique_ptr<dl_handle, dl_handle_deleter>;
+
+int htpdrv_init() {
+    static dl_handle_ptr lib_cdsp_rpc_handle = nullptr;
+    static bool initialized = false;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    std::string drv_path = get_driver_path() + "\\" + "libcdsprpc.dll";
+#else
+    std::string drv_path = "libcdsprpc.so";
+#endif
+    if (initialized) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: Driver already loaded\n");
+        return AEE_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: Loading driver %s\n", drv_path.c_str());
+
+    fs::path path{ drv_path.c_str() };
+    dl_handle_ptr handle { dl_load_library(path) };
+    if (!handle) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to load %s: %s\n", path.u8string().c_str(), dl_error());
+        return AEE_EUNABLETOLOAD;
+    }
+
+#define dlsym(drv, type, pfn, symbol, ignore)                               \
+    do {                                                                    \
+        pfn = (type) dl_get_sym(drv, #symbol);                              \
+        if (!ignore && nullptr == pfn) {                                    \
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to dlsym %s\n", #symbol);      \
+            return AEE_EUNABLETOLOAD;                                       \
+        }                                                                   \
+    } while (0)
+
+    dlsym(handle.get(), rpcmem_alloc_pfn_t, rpcmem_alloc_pfn, rpcmem_alloc, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), rpcmem_alloc2_pfn_t, rpcmem_alloc2_pfn, rpcmem_alloc2, true);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), rpcmem_free_pfn_t, rpcmem_free_pfn, rpcmem_free, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), rpcmem_to_fd_pfn_t, rpcmem_to_fd_pfn, rpcmem_to_fd, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), fastrpc_mmap_pfn_t, fastrpc_mmap_pfn, fastrpc_mmap, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), fastrpc_munmap_pfn_t, fastrpc_munmap_pfn, fastrpc_munmap, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), dspqueue_create_pfn_t, dspqueue_create_pfn, dspqueue_create, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), dspqueue_close_pfn_t, dspqueue_close_pfn, dspqueue_close, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), dspqueue_export_pfn_t, dspqueue_export_pfn, dspqueue_export, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), dspqueue_write_pfn_t, dspqueue_write_pfn, dspqueue_write, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), dspqueue_read_pfn_t, dspqueue_read_pfn, dspqueue_read, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), remote_handle64_open_pfn_t, remote_handle64_open_pfn, remote_handle64_open, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), remote_handle64_invoke_pfn_t, remote_handle64_invoke_pfn, remote_handle64_invoke, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), remote_handle_control_pfn_t, remote_handle_control_pfn, remote_handle_control, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), remote_handle64_control_pfn_t, remote_handle64_control_pfn, remote_handle64_control, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), remote_session_control_pfn_t, remote_session_control_pfn, remote_session_control, false);
+    dlsym(handle.get(), remote_handle64_close_pfn_t, remote_handle64_close_pfn, remote_handle64_close, false);
+
+    lib_cdsp_rpc_handle = std::move(handle);
+    initialized         = true;
+
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+domain * get_domain(int domain_id) {
+    int i    = 0;
+    int size = sizeof(supported_domains) / sizeof(domain);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (supported_domains[i].id == domain_id) {
+            return &supported_domains[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int get_hex_arch_ver(int domain, int * arch) {
+    if (!remote_handle_control_pfn) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: remote_handle_control is not supported on this device\n");
+        return AEE_EUNSUPPORTEDAPI;
+    }
+
+    struct remote_dsp_capability arch_ver;
+    arch_ver.domain       = (uint32_t) domain;
+    arch_ver.attribute_ID = ARCH_VER;
+    arch_ver.capability   = (uint32_t) 0;
+
+    int err = remote_handle_control(DSPRPC_GET_DSP_INFO, &arch_ver, sizeof(arch_ver));
+    if ((err & 0xff) == (AEE_EUNSUPPORTEDAPI & 0xff)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: FastRPC capability API is not supported on this device\n");
+        return AEE_EUNSUPPORTEDAPI;
+    }
+
+    if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: FastRPC capability query failed (err %d)\n", err);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    switch (arch_ver.capability & 0xff) {
+        case 0x68:
+            *arch = 68;
+            return 0;
+        case 0x69:
+            *arch = 69;
+            return 0;
+        case 0x73:
+            *arch = 73;
+            return 0;
+        case 0x75:
+            *arch = 75;
+            return 0;
+        case 0x79:
+            *arch = 79;
+            return 0;
+        case 0x81:
+            *arch = 81;
+            return 0;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp-drv.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp-drv.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6eba7ba17d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp-drv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wignored-attributes"
+#endif
+
+#include <AEEStdErr.h>
+#include <rpcmem.h>
+#include <remote.h>
+#include <dspqueue.h>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+#    ifdef GGML_BACKEND_BUILD
+#        define HTPDRV_API __declspec(dllexport) extern
+#    else
+#        define HTPDRV_API __declspec(dllimport) extern
+#    endif
+#else
+#    define HTPDRV_API __attribute__ ((visibility ("default"))) extern
+#endif
+
+/* Offset to differentiate HLOS and Hexagon error codes.
+   Stores the value of AEE_EOFFSET for Hexagon. */
+#ifndef DSP_OFFSET
+#    define DSP_OFFSET 0x80000400
+#endif
+
+/* Errno for connection reset by peer. */
+#ifndef ECONNRESET
+#    ifdef __hexagon__
+#        define ECONNRESET 104
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+/* Abstraction of different OS specific sleep APIs.
+   SLEEP accepts input in seconds. */
+#ifndef SLEEP
+#    ifdef __hexagon__
+#        define SLEEP(x)                      \
+            { /* Do nothing for simulator. */ \
+            }
+#    else
+#        ifdef _WIN32
+#            define SLEEP(x) Sleep(1000 * x) /* Sleep accepts input in milliseconds. */
+#        else
+#            define SLEEP(x) sleep(x)        /* sleep accepts input in seconds. */
+#        endif
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+/* Include windows specific header files. */
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#    include <windows.h>
+#    include <sysinfoapi.h>
+#    define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS         1
+#    define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS 1
+#endif
+
+/* Includes and defines for all HLOS except windows */
+#if !defined(__hexagon__) && !defined(_WIN32)
+#    include "unistd.h"
+
+#    include <sys/time.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Includes and defines for Hexagon and all HLOS except Windows. */
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+/* Weak reference to remote symbol for compilation. */
+#    pragma weak remote_session_control
+#    pragma weak remote_handle_control
+#    pragma weak remote_handle64_control
+#    pragma weak fastrpc_mmap
+#    pragma weak fastrpc_munmap
+#    pragma weak rpcmem_alloc2
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+#    pragma weak remote_system_request
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#     define DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT_NONE
+#else
+#     define DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT 1000000
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * htpdrv_init API: driver interface entry point
+ *
+ * @return      Return AEE error codes as defined in Hexagon SDK.
+ */
+HTPDRV_API int htpdrv_init(void);
+
+/**
+ * get_domain API: get domain struct from domain value.
+ *
+ * @param[in]  domain value of a domain
+ * @return     Returns domain struct of the domain if it is supported or else
+ *             returns NULL.
+ *
+ */
+HTPDRV_API domain * get_domain(int domain_id);
+
+/**
+ * get_hex_arch_ver API: query the Hexagon processor architecture version information
+ *
+ * @param[in]   domain_id value of a domain
+ * @param[out]  Arch version (73, 75, ...)
+ * @return      0 if query is successful.
+ *              non-zero if error, return value points to the error.
+ *
+ */
+HTPDRV_API int get_hex_arch_ver(int domain, int * arch);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02d07a503d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22.2)
+project(ggml-htp C CXX ASM)
+
+include(${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/build/cmake/hexagon_fun.cmake)
+
+include_directories(
+    ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/incs
+    ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/incs/stddef
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../..
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/..
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+set(HTP_LIB ggml-htp-${DSP_VERSION})
+
+add_library(${HTP_LIB} SHARED
+    main.c
+    htp_iface_skel.c
+    worker-pool.c
+    hex-dma.c
+    matmul-ops.c
+    binary-ops.c
+    unary-ops.c
+    sum-rows-ops.c
+    softmax-ops.c
+    act-ops.c
+    rope-ops.c
+    flash-attn-ops.c
+    set-rows-ops.c
+    get-rows-ops.c
+    cpy-ops.c
+    argsort-ops.c
+    ssm-conv.c
+)
+
+target_compile_definitions(${HTP_LIB} PRIVATE
+    $<IF:$<BOOL:${HEXAGON_HTP_DEBUG}>,HTP_DEBUG=1,NDEBUG=1>
+    $<IF:$<BOOL:${HEXAGON_HTP_DEBUG}>,FARF_HIGH=1,>
+    FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE=${GGML_HEXAGON_FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE})
+
+build_idl(htp_iface.idl ${HTP_LIB})
+
+set_target_properties(${HTP_LIB} PROPERTIES EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
+
+install(TARGETS ${HTP_LIB})
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/act-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/act-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d8b924981e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/act-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+#define htp_act_preamble3              \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne10 = src1->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne11 = src1->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne12 = src1->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne13 = src1->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];   \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];   \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];   \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];   \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb10 = src1->nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb11 = src1->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb12 = src1->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb13 = src1->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];   \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];   \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];   \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+#define htp_act_preamble2              \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];   \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];   \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];   \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];   \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];   \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];   \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];   \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+struct htp_act_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context *  octx;
+
+    // Precomputed values
+    const uint8_t *           data_src0;
+    const uint8_t *           data_src1;
+    uint8_t *                 data_dst;
+
+    size_t                    src0_row_size;
+    size_t                    src1_row_size;
+    size_t                    dst_row_size;
+
+    size_t                    src0_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t                    src1_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t                    dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    size_t                    src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t                    src1_spad_half_size;
+    size_t                    dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    uint32_t                  block;
+    uint32_t                  src0_nrows;
+    uint32_t                  src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    int                       nc;
+};
+
+static void glu_swiglu_f32_per_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_act_context * actx = (struct htp_act_context *) data;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &actx->octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &actx->octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = &actx->octx->dst;
+    htp_act_preamble3;
+
+    size_t src0_row_size = actx->src0_row_size;
+    size_t src1_row_size = actx->src1_row_size;
+    size_t dst_row_size  = actx->dst_row_size;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = actx->src0_nrows;
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = actx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict data_src0 = actx->data_src0;
+    const uint8_t * restrict data_src1 = actx->data_src1;
+    uint8_t * restrict data_dst        = actx->data_dst;
+
+    const int  nc = actx->nc;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = actx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t src1_row_size_aligned = actx->src1_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = actx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    uint8_t * restrict src0_spad_data = actx->octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * restrict src1_spad_data = actx->octx->src1_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * restrict dst_spad_data  = actx->octx->dst_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half_size = actx->src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t src1_spad_half_size = actx->src1_spad_half_size;
+    size_t dst_spad_half_size  = actx->dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    const int BLOCK = actx->block;
+    if (BLOCK == 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR,
+             "swiglu-f32 : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small for even 1 row per thread, needed at least %zu\n",
+             actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread, src0_row_size_aligned);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = actx->octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    // See discussion: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18151#issuecomment-3678235379
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row, spad_idx = 0; ir < src0_end_row && spad_idx < 2; ir += BLOCK, spad_idx++) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        // Dummy DMA transation for sequencing (interleaving dst,src,dst,...)
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst, dst_spad_data + (spad_idx * dst_spad_half_size)),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src0_spad_data + (spad_idx * src0_spad_half_size), data_src0 + (ir * src0_row_size)),
+            src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, block_size);
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src1_spad_data + (spad_idx * src1_spad_half_size), data_src1 + (ir * src1_row_size)),
+            src1_row_size_aligned, src1_row_size, block_size);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row; ir < src0_end_row; ir += BLOCK) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        float * dst_spad  = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).src;
+        float * src0_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+        float * src1_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        for (uint32_t ib = 0; ib < block_size; ib++) {
+            const float * src0_spad_ptr = src0_spad + ib * (src0_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+            const float * src1_spad_ptr = src1_spad + ib * (src1_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+            float *       dst_spad_ptr  = dst_spad + ib * (dst_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+
+            //swiglu(x) = x1 * sigmoid(x0)
+            hvx_sigmoid_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, nc);
+            hvx_mul_mul_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr,
+                                (const uint8_t *) src1_spad_ptr, nc);
+        }
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(data_dst + (ir * dst_row_size), dst_spad), dst_row_size,
+                                   dst_row_size_aligned, block_size);
+
+        // prefetch N+2 loop iteration if any
+        const uint32_t pref_block = (ir + BLOCK * 2);
+        if (pref_block < src0_end_row) {
+            const uint32_t pref_block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - pref_block);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src0_spad, data_src0 + (pref_block * src0_row_size)),
+                                       src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, pref_block_size);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src1_spad, data_src1 + (pref_block * src1_row_size)),
+                                       src1_row_size_aligned, src1_row_size, pref_block_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "swiglu-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) x %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth,
+         ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, src0_start_row, src0_end_row, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+static void glu_swiglu_oai_f32_per_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_act_context * actx = (struct htp_act_context *) data;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &actx->octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &actx->octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = &actx->octx->dst;
+    htp_act_preamble3;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    size_t src0_row_size = actx->src0_row_size;
+    size_t src1_row_size = actx->src1_row_size;
+    size_t dst_row_size  = actx->dst_row_size;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = actx->src0_nrows;
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = actx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict data_src0 = actx->data_src0;
+    const uint8_t * restrict data_src1 = actx->data_src1;
+    uint8_t * restrict data_dst        = actx->data_dst;
+
+    const int nc = actx->nc;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = actx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t src1_row_size_aligned = actx->src1_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = actx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    uint8_t * restrict src0_spad_data = actx->octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * restrict src1_spad_data = actx->octx->src1_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * restrict dst_spad_data  = actx->octx->dst_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half_size = actx->src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t src1_spad_half_size = actx->src1_spad_half_size;
+    size_t dst_spad_half_size  = actx->dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    const int BLOCK = actx->block;
+    if (BLOCK == 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR,
+             "swiglu-oai-f32 : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small for even 1 row per thread, needed at least "
+             "%zu\n",
+             actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread, src0_row_size_aligned);
+        return;
+    }
+    const float alpha = ((const float *) (actx->octx->op_params))[2];
+    const float limit = ((const float *) (actx->octx->op_params))[3];
+
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = actx->octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    // See discussion: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18151#issuecomment-3678235379
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row, spad_idx = 0; ir < src0_end_row && spad_idx < 2; ir += BLOCK, spad_idx++) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        // Dummy DMA transation for sequencing (interleaving dst,src,dst,...)
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(data_dst, dst_spad_data + (spad_idx * dst_spad_half_size)),
+                                   dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(
+            dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src0_spad_data + (spad_idx * src0_spad_half_size), data_src0 + (ir * src0_row_size)),
+            src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, block_size);
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(
+            dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src1_spad_data + (spad_idx * src1_spad_half_size), data_src1 + (ir * src1_row_size)),
+            src1_row_size_aligned, src1_row_size, block_size);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row; ir < src0_end_row; ir += BLOCK) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        float * dst_spad  = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).src;
+        float * src0_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+        float * src1_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        for (uint32_t ib = 0; ib < block_size; ib++) {
+            const float * src0_spad_ptr = src0_spad + ib * (src0_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+            const float * src1_spad_ptr = src1_spad + ib * (src1_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+            float *       dst_spad_ptr  = dst_spad + ib * (dst_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+
+            // x (src0_spad_data) = std::min(src0_p[k], limit);
+            hvx_min_scalar_f32((uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, limit, nc);
+            // y1 (src1_spad_data) = std::clamp(src1_p[k], -limit, limit);
+            hvx_clamp_scalar_f32((uint8_t *) src1_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src1_spad_ptr, -limit, limit, nc);
+            // y (src1_spad_data)  = y1 + 1.f
+            hvx_add_scalar_f32((uint8_t *) src1_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src1_spad_ptr, 1.0, nc);
+            // x1 (dst_spad_data) = alpha * (x)
+            hvx_mul_scalar_f32((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, alpha, nc);
+            // x2 (dst_spad_data) = sigmoid(x1) = 1/(1+exp(-x1))
+            hvx_sigmoid_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, nc);
+            // out = x * sigmoid(alpha * x) * (y + 1.f)
+            hvx_mul_mul_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr,
+                                (const uint8_t *) src1_spad_ptr, nc);
+        }
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(data_dst + (ir * dst_row_size), dst_spad), dst_row_size,
+                                   dst_row_size_aligned, block_size);
+
+        // prefetch N+2 loop iteration if any
+        const uint32_t pref_block = (ir + BLOCK * 2);
+        if (pref_block < src0_end_row) {
+            const uint32_t pref_block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - pref_block);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src0_spad, data_src0 + (pref_block * src0_row_size)),
+                                       src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, pref_block_size);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src1_spad, data_src1 + (pref_block * src1_row_size)),
+                                       src1_row_size_aligned, src1_row_size, pref_block_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "swiglu-oai-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) x %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth, src0->ne[0],
+         src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src0_start_row, src0_end_row, src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2],
+         src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+
+static void unary_gelu_f32_per_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_act_context * actx = (struct htp_act_context *) data;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &actx->octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = &actx->octx->dst;
+    htp_act_preamble2;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = actx->src0_row_size;
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = actx->dst_row_size;
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = actx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = actx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = actx->src0_nrows;
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = actx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t * data_src0 = actx->data_src0;
+    uint8_t * data_dst        = actx->data_dst;
+
+    // nc/ne0 matches.
+    const int ne0_val = actx->nc; // == dst->ne[0]
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_data = actx->octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_data  = actx->octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * actx->octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half_size = actx->src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t dst_spad_half_size  = actx->dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    // In gelu = x*sigmoid(x*1.702)
+    const int BLOCK = actx->block;
+
+    if (BLOCK == 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "gelu-f32 : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small for even 1 row per thread, needed at least %zu\n",
+                actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread, src0_row_size_aligned);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = actx->octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    // See discussion: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18151#issuecomment-3678235379
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row, spad_idx = 0; ir < src0_end_row && spad_idx < 2; ir += BLOCK, spad_idx++) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        // Dummy DMA transation for sequencing (interleaving dst,src,dst,...)
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst, dst_spad_data + (spad_idx * dst_spad_half_size)),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src0_spad_data + (spad_idx * src0_spad_half_size), data_src0 + (ir * src0_row_size)),
+            src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, block_size);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row; ir < src0_end_row; ir += BLOCK) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        float* dst_spad  = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).src;
+        float* src0_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        for (uint32_t ib = 0; ib < block_size; ib++) {
+            const float* src0_spad_ptr = src0_spad + ib * (src0_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+            float* dst_spad_ptr        = dst_spad  + ib * (dst_row_size_aligned  / sizeof(float));
+
+            // gelu = x * sigmoid(1.702 * x) // current implementation
+            hvx_mul_scalar_f32((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, (float) 1.702, ne0_val);
+            hvx_sigmoid_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, ne0_val);
+            hvx_mul_f32_aaa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, ne0_val);
+        }
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst + (ir * dst_row_size), dst_spad),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, block_size);
+
+        // prefetch N+2 loop iteration if any
+        const uint32_t pref_block = (ir + BLOCK * 2);
+        if (pref_block < src0_end_row) {
+            const uint32_t pref_block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - pref_block);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+                dma_make_ptr(src0_spad, data_src0 + (pref_block * src0_row_size)),
+                src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, pref_block_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "gelu-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth, ne00, ne01, ne02,
+         ne03, src0_start_row, src0_end_row, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+
+static void unary_silu_f32_per_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_act_context * actx = (struct htp_act_context *) data;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &actx->octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = &actx->octx->dst;
+    htp_act_preamble2;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = actx->src0_row_size;
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = actx->dst_row_size;
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = actx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = actx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = actx->src0_nrows;
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = actx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t * data_src0 = actx->data_src0;
+    uint8_t * data_dst        = actx->data_dst;
+
+    const int ne0_val = actx->nc; // == dst->ne[0]
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_data = actx->octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_data  = actx->octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * actx->octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half_size = actx->src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t dst_spad_half_size  = actx->dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    const int BLOCK = actx->block;
+
+    if (BLOCK == 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "silu-f32 : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small for even 1 row per thread, needed at least %zu\n",
+                actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread, src0_row_size_aligned);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = actx->octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    // See discussion: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18151#issuecomment-3678235379
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row, spad_idx = 0; ir < src0_end_row && spad_idx < 2; ir += BLOCK, spad_idx++) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        // Dummy DMA transation for sequencing (interleaving dst,src,dst,...)
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst, dst_spad_data + (spad_idx * dst_spad_half_size)),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src0_spad_data + (spad_idx * src0_spad_half_size), data_src0 + (ir * src0_row_size)),
+            src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, block_size);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row; ir < src0_end_row; ir += BLOCK) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        float* dst_spad  = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).src;
+        float* src0_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        for (uint32_t ib = 0; ib < block_size; ib++) {
+            const float* src0_spad_ptr = src0_spad + ib * (src0_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float));
+            float* dst_spad_ptr        = dst_spad  + ib * (dst_row_size_aligned  / sizeof(float));
+
+            // silu = x * sigmoid(x)
+            hvx_sigmoid_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, ne0_val);
+            hvx_mul_f32_aaa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) src0_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, ne0_val);
+        }
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst + (ir * dst_row_size), dst_spad),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, block_size);
+
+        // prefetch N+2 loop iteration if any
+        const uint32_t pref_block = (ir + BLOCK * 2);
+        if (pref_block < src0_end_row) {
+            const uint32_t pref_block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - pref_block);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+                dma_make_ptr(src0_spad, data_src0 + (pref_block * src0_row_size)),
+                src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, pref_block_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "silu-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth, ne00, ne01, ne02,
+         ne03, src0_start_row, src0_end_row, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+static const float GELU_COEF_A     = 0.044715f;
+static const float SQRT_2_OVER_PI  = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
+
+static void glu_geglu_f32_per_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_act_context * actx = (struct htp_act_context *) data;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &actx->octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &actx->octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = &actx->octx->dst;
+    htp_act_preamble3;
+
+    size_t src0_row_size = actx->src0_row_size;
+    size_t src1_row_size = actx->src1_row_size;
+    size_t dst_row_size  = actx->dst_row_size;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = actx->src0_nrows;
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = actx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict data_src0 = actx->data_src0;
+    const uint8_t * restrict data_src1 = actx->data_src1;
+    uint8_t * restrict data_dst        = actx->data_dst;
+
+    const int nc = actx->nc;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = actx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t src1_row_size_aligned = actx->src1_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = actx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    uint8_t * restrict src0_spad_data = actx->octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * restrict src1_spad_data = actx->octx->src1_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * restrict dst_spad_data  = actx->octx->dst_spad.data + (ith * actx->octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half_size = actx->src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t src1_spad_half_size = actx->src1_spad_half_size;
+    size_t dst_spad_half_size  = actx->dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    const int BLOCK = actx->block;
+    if (BLOCK == 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR,
+             "geglu-f32 : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small for even 1 row per thread, needed at least %zu\n",
+             actx->octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread, src0_row_size_aligned);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = actx->octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    // See discussion: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18151#issuecomment-3678235379
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row, spad_idx = 0; ir < src0_end_row && spad_idx < 2; ir += BLOCK, spad_idx++) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        // Dummy DMA transation for sequencing (interleaving dst,src,dst,...)
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst, dst_spad_data + (spad_idx * dst_spad_half_size)),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src0_spad_data + (spad_idx * src0_spad_half_size), data_src0 + (ir * src0_row_size)),
+            src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, block_size);
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src1_spad_data + (spad_idx * src1_spad_half_size), data_src1 + (ir * src1_row_size)),
+            src1_row_size_aligned, src1_row_size, block_size);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row; ir < src0_end_row; ir += BLOCK) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        float * dst_spad  = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).src;
+        float * src0_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+        float * src1_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        for (uint32_t ib = 0; ib < block_size; ib++) {
+            const uint8_t * src0_spad_ptr = (const uint8_t *)(src0_spad + ib * (src0_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float)));
+            const uint8_t * src1_spad_ptr = (const uint8_t *)(src1_spad + ib * (src1_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float)));
+            uint8_t *       dst_spad_ptr  = (uint8_t *)(dst_spad + ib * (dst_row_size_aligned / sizeof(float)));
+
+            // geglu tanh implementation
+            // geglu(x, g) = gelu(x) * g
+            // gelu(x) = 0.5f*x*(1.0f + tanhf(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x*x)))
+            hvx_mul_f32_aaa(dst_spad_ptr, src0_spad_ptr, src0_spad_ptr, nc);                       // res = x*x
+            hvx_mul_scalar_f32_aa(dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *)dst_spad_ptr, GELU_COEF_A, nc);   // res = res * GELU_COEF_A
+            hvx_add_scalar_f32_aa(dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *)dst_spad_ptr, 1.0f, nc);          // res = res + 1.0f
+            hvx_mul_f32_aaa(dst_spad_ptr, src0_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *)dst_spad_ptr, nc);       // res = res * x
+            hvx_mul_scalar_f32_aa(dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t*)dst_spad_ptr, SQRT_2_OVER_PI, nc); // res = result * SQRT_2_OVER_PI
+            hvx_tanh_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *) dst_spad_ptr, nc);         // res = tanh(res)
+            hvx_add_scalar_f32_aa(dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t*)dst_spad_ptr, 1.0f, nc);           // res = res + 1.0f
+            hvx_mul_f32_aaa(dst_spad_ptr, src0_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *)dst_spad_ptr, nc);       // res = res * x
+            hvx_mul_scalar_f32_aa(dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *)dst_spad_ptr, 0.5f, nc);          // res = res + 0.5f
+            hvx_mul_f32_aaa(dst_spad_ptr, (const uint8_t *)dst_spad_ptr, src1_spad_ptr, nc);       // res = res * g
+        }
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(data_dst + (ir * dst_row_size), dst_spad), dst_row_size,
+                                   dst_row_size_aligned, block_size);
+
+        // prefetch N+2 loop iteration if any
+        const uint32_t pref_block = (ir + BLOCK * 2);
+        if (pref_block < src0_end_row) {
+            const uint32_t pref_block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - pref_block);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src0_spad, data_src0 + (pref_block * src0_row_size)),
+                                       src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, pref_block_size);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src1_spad, data_src1 + (pref_block * src1_row_size)),
+                                       src1_row_size_aligned, src1_row_size, pref_block_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "geglu-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) x %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth,
+         ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, src0_start_row, src0_end_row, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+static int execute_op_activations_f32(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    if (((src0->ne[0] * SIZEOF_FP32) != src0->nb[1]) || ((dst->ne[0] * SIZEOF_FP32) != dst->nb[1])) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Non-contiguous tensors are not supported at this time \n");
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    worker_callback_t act_op_func;
+    const char *      op_type = NULL;
+
+    switch (octx->op) {
+        case HTP_OP_UNARY_SILU:
+            act_op_func = (worker_callback_t)unary_silu_f32_per_thread;
+            op_type     = "silu-f32";
+            break;
+
+        case HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU:
+            act_op_func = (worker_callback_t)glu_swiglu_f32_per_thread;
+            op_type     = "swiglu-f32";
+            break;
+
+        case HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU_OAI:
+            act_op_func = (worker_callback_t)glu_swiglu_oai_f32_per_thread;
+            op_type     = "swiglu-oai-f32";
+            break;
+        case HTP_OP_UNARY_GELU:
+            act_op_func = (worker_callback_t)unary_gelu_f32_per_thread;
+            op_type     = "gelu-f32";
+            break;
+
+        case HTP_OP_GLU_GEGLU:
+            act_op_func = (worker_callback_t)glu_geglu_f32_per_thread;
+            op_type     = "geglu-f32";
+            break;
+        default:
+            FARF(ERROR, "Unsupported activations Op %u\n", octx->op);
+            return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    const uint32_t n_threads  = MIN(octx->n_threads, src0_nrows);
+
+    size_t src0_row_size = src0->nb[1];
+    size_t src1_row_size = src1->nb[1]; // zero bytes if src1 is not used
+    size_t dst_row_size  = dst->nb[1];
+
+    const bool src1_valid = src1->ne[0];
+    if (!src1_valid) {
+        src1_row_size = src0_row_size;
+    }
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, VLEN);
+    const size_t src1_row_size_aligned = hex_round_up(src1_row_size, VLEN);
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = hex_round_up(dst_row_size, VLEN);
+    // VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    // N rows per thread, padded to HVX vector size
+
+    size_t spad_size_per_row   = (src0_row_size_aligned + src1_row_size_aligned) + dst_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t vtcm_row_per_thread = (octx->ctx->vtcm_size)/ (n_threads* spad_size_per_row);
+
+    // Make sure the reserved vtcm size is sufficient
+    if(vtcm_row_per_thread ==0){
+        FARF(ERROR, "act-%s : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small for even 1 row per thread, needed at least %zu\n", op_type, octx->ctx->vtcm_size,
+             spad_size_per_row * n_threads);
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = src0_row_size_aligned * vtcm_row_per_thread;
+    octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = src1_row_size_aligned * vtcm_row_per_thread;
+    octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = dst_row_size_aligned * vtcm_row_per_thread;
+
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = n_threads* octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread;
+    octx->src0_spad.size = n_threads* octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread;
+    octx->src1_spad.size = n_threads* octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src1_spad.data = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size;
+
+    if (src1->ne[0]) {
+        FARF(HIGH, "%s: %ux%ux%ux%u x %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u : src0-spad-size %u src1-spad-size %u dst-spad-size %u\n",
+             op_type, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2],
+             src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size,
+             octx->dst_spad.size);
+    } else {
+        FARF(HIGH, "%s: %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u : src0-spad-size %u src1-spad-size %u dst-spad-size %u\n", op_type,
+             src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+             octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size, octx->dst_spad.size);
+    }
+
+    if ((octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    // Prepare context
+    struct htp_act_context actx;
+    actx.octx = octx;
+
+    actx.src0_nrows_per_thread = (src0_nrows + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+
+    actx.src0_row_size = src0_row_size;
+    actx.src1_row_size = src1_row_size;
+    actx.dst_row_size  = dst_row_size;
+
+    actx.src0_row_size_aligned = src0_row_size_aligned;
+    actx.src1_row_size_aligned = src1_row_size_aligned;
+    actx.dst_row_size_aligned  = dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    actx.src0_spad_half_size = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    actx.src1_spad_half_size = octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    actx.dst_spad_half_size  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+
+    actx.block = actx.src0_spad_half_size / actx.src0_row_size_aligned;
+    actx.src0_nrows = src0_nrows;
+
+    actx.nc = dst->ne[0];
+
+    // Pointers and GLU logic
+    const uint8_t * data_src0 = (const uint8_t *) src0->data;
+    const uint8_t * data_src1 = (const uint8_t *) src1->data;
+
+    if (!src1_valid && (octx->op == HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU || octx->op == HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU_OAI || octx->op == HTP_OP_GLU_GEGLU)) {
+         const int32_t swapped = octx->op_params[1];
+         data_src1 = data_src0;
+         actx.src1_row_size = actx.src0_row_size;
+
+         size_t nc_in_bytes = actx.nc * SIZEOF_FP32;
+         if (swapped) {
+             data_src0 += nc_in_bytes;
+         } else {
+             data_src1 += nc_in_bytes;
+         }
+    }
+
+    actx.data_src0 = data_src0;
+    actx.data_src1 = data_src1;
+    actx.data_dst  = (uint8_t *) dst->data;
+
+    worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, act_op_func, &actx, n_threads);
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+int op_activations(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    switch (octx->src0.type) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            err = execute_op_activations_f32(octx);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            err = HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/argsort-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/argsort-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..170220e8f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/argsort-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+#ifndef MIN
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+struct htp_argsort_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    uint32_t                 nrows_per_thread;
+};
+
+static inline bool all_greater_f32(HVX_Vector x, HVX_Vector y)
+{
+    const HVX_Vector one  = Q6_V_vsplat_R(1);
+    const HVX_Vector zero = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    HVX_VectorPred pred = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(x, y);
+    HVX_Vector matches = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred, one, zero);
+    HVX_Vector sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_i32(matches);
+    return hvx_vec_get_i32(sum) == 32;
+}
+
+// Sorts values and mirrors swaps to indices.
+static void quicksort_values_indices_asc(float * values, int32_t * indices, int left, int right) {
+    if (left >= right) return;
+
+    int pivot_idx = (left + right) / 2;
+    float pivot = values[pivot_idx];
+    int i = left;
+    int j = right;
+
+    HVX_Vector pivot_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(pivot);
+    while (i <= j) {
+        // Vectorized scan for i
+        while (i <= j) {
+            // Check if we have at least one full vector
+            if (i + 32 <= j) {
+                HVX_Vector vals_vec = *(HVX_UVector *)(values + i);
+                if (all_greater_f32(pivot_vec, vals_vec)) {
+                    // If all elements are < pivot, we can skip this whole block
+                    i += 32;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Scalar fallback / cleanup
+            if (values[i] < pivot) {
+                i++;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Vectorized scan for j
+        while (i <= j) {
+            if (j - 32 >= i) {
+                // Load 32 elements ending at j.
+                // Since we want `values[j] > pivot`, let's load from j-31 to j.
+                HVX_Vector vals_vec = *(HVX_UVector *)(values + j - 31);
+                if (all_greater_f32(vals_vec, pivot_vec)) {
+                    j -= 32;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (values[j] > pivot) {
+                j--;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (i <= j) {
+            float tmp_val = values[i];
+            values[i] = values[j];
+            values[j] = tmp_val;
+
+            int32_t tmp_idx = indices[i];
+            indices[i] = indices[j];
+            indices[j] = tmp_idx;
+            i++;
+            j--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (left < j) quicksort_values_indices_asc(values, indices, left, j);
+    if (i < right) quicksort_values_indices_asc(values, indices, i, right);
+}
+
+static void quicksort_values_indices_desc(float * values, int32_t * indices, int left, int right) {
+    if (left >= right) return;
+
+    int pivot_idx = (left + right) / 2;
+    float pivot = values[pivot_idx];
+    int i = left;
+    int j = right;
+
+    HVX_Vector pivot_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(pivot);
+
+    while (i <= j) {
+        // Vectorized scan for i (values[i] > pivot)
+        while (i <= j) {
+            if (i + 32 <= j) {
+                HVX_Vector vals_vec = *(HVX_UVector *)(values + i);
+                if (all_greater_f32(vals_vec, pivot_vec)) {
+                    i += 32;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (values[i] > pivot) {
+                i++;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Vectorized scan for j (values[j] < pivot)
+        while (i <= j) {
+            if (j - 32 >= i) {
+                HVX_Vector vals_vec = *(HVX_UVector *)(values + j - 31);
+                if (all_greater_f32(pivot_vec, vals_vec)) {
+                    j -= 32;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (values[j] < pivot) {
+                j--;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (i <= j) {
+            float tmp_val = values[i];
+            values[i] = values[j];
+            values[j] = tmp_val;
+
+            int32_t tmp_idx = indices[i];
+            indices[i] = indices[j];
+            indices[j] = tmp_idx;
+            i++;
+            j--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (left < j) quicksort_values_indices_desc(values, indices, left, j);
+    if (i < right) quicksort_values_indices_desc(values, indices, i, right);
+}
+
+static void htp_argsort_f32(unsigned int n, unsigned int i, void * data) {
+    struct htp_argsort_context * actx = (struct htp_argsort_context *)data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = actx->octx;
+
+    // Unpack context
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst = &octx->dst;
+
+    // Scratchpad memory
+    uint8_t * spad = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread * i;
+
+    // Dimensions
+    uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    //uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    //uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    //uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    //uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    // Sort order
+    enum ggml_sort_order order = (enum ggml_sort_order) octx->op_params[0];
+
+    // Rows to process
+    uint32_t total_rows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    uint32_t rows_per_thread = actx->nrows_per_thread;
+    uint32_t start_row = rows_per_thread * i;
+    uint32_t end_row = MIN(start_row + rows_per_thread, total_rows);
+
+    // Scratchpad layout:
+    // We need space for one row of float data (values) and one row of int32 indices.
+    // values: ne00 * sizeof(float)
+    // indices: ne00 * sizeof(int32_t)
+    // Padded to 128 bytes.
+
+    size_t values_size = hex_round_up(ne00 * sizeof(float), 128);
+    float * values_buf = (float *) spad;
+    int32_t * indices_buf = (int32_t *) (spad + values_size);
+
+    for (uint32_t r = start_row; r < end_row; r++) {
+        uint32_t src_offset = r * nb01;
+        uint32_t dst_offset = r * nb1;
+
+        uint8_t * src_ptr = (uint8_t *) src0->data + src_offset;
+        uint8_t * dst_ptr = (uint8_t *) dst->data  + dst_offset;
+
+        hex_l2fetch(src_ptr, ne00 * sizeof(float), ne00 * sizeof(float), 1);
+        hvx_copy_f32_au((uint8_t*)values_buf, src_ptr, ne00);
+
+        // Initialize indices
+        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < ne00; j++) {
+            indices_buf[j] = j;
+        }
+
+        // Sort values and mirror swaps to indices
+        if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
+            quicksort_values_indices_asc(values_buf, indices_buf, 0, ne00 - 1);
+        } else {
+            quicksort_values_indices_desc(values_buf, indices_buf, 0, ne00 - 1);
+        }
+
+        // Copy indices back to DDR
+        hvx_copy_f32_ua(dst_ptr, (const uint8_t *) indices_buf, ne00);
+    }
+}
+
+int op_argsort(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    // Check supported types
+    if (octx->src0.type != HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t total_rows = octx->src0.ne[1] * octx->src0.ne[2] * octx->src0.ne[3];
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(total_rows, octx->n_threads);
+
+    // Allocate scratchpad
+    // We need 1 row of float + 1 row of int32 per thread.
+    uint32_t ne00 = octx->src0.ne[0];
+    size_t values_size  = hex_round_up(ne00 * sizeof(float), 128);
+    size_t indices_size = hex_round_up(ne00 * sizeof(int32_t), 128);
+    size_t spad_per_thread = values_size + indices_size;
+
+    // Make sure we round up to 256 for alignment requirements
+    spad_per_thread = hex_round_up(spad_per_thread, 256);
+
+    size_t total_spad_size = spad_per_thread * n_threads;
+
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < total_spad_size) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "argsort: VTCM size too small. Needed %zu, have %zu", total_spad_size, octx->ctx->vtcm_size);
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src0_spad.size = total_spad_size;
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = spad_per_thread;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "argsort: %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u (0x%x, 0x%x)",
+         octx->src0.ne[0], octx->src0.ne[1], octx->src0.ne[2], octx->src0.ne[3],
+         octx->dst.ne[0], octx->dst.ne[1], octx->dst.ne[2], octx->dst.ne[3],
+         octx->src0.data, octx->dst.data);
+
+    struct htp_argsort_context actx;
+    actx.octx = octx;
+    actx.nrows_per_thread = (total_rows + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+
+    // Run jobs
+    worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, htp_argsort_f32, &actx, n_threads);
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/binary-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/binary-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec90f22de52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/binary-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,891 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+#ifndef MIN
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+// Context for binary operations
+struct htp_binary_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    struct fastdiv_values dim1_div;
+    struct fastdiv_values dim2_div;
+    struct fastdiv_values dim12_div;
+
+    struct fastdiv_values src1_dim1_div; // ne11
+    struct fastdiv_values src1_dim2_div; // ne12
+    struct fastdiv_values src1_dim3_div; // ne13
+
+    uint32_t nrows_per_thread;
+    bool split_at_ne01;
+    bool split_at_ne02;
+
+    // Precomputed values
+    uint32_t block_max;
+    size_t   src0_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t   src1_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t   dst_row_size_aligned;
+    uint32_t src1_fetch_rows; // 1 or block_max
+    uint32_t src1_dma_stride; // 0 or stride
+};
+
+#define htp_binary_preamble            \
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0; \
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1; \
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;  \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne10 = src1->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne11 = src1->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne12 = src1->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne13 = src1->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb11 = src1->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb12 = src1->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb13 = src1->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];   \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];   \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+static inline uint32_t calc_block_size(struct htp_binary_context * bctx, uint32_t ir, uint32_t end_row,
+                                uint32_t ne01, uint32_t ne02) {
+    uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+    i03 = fastdiv(ir, &bctx->dim12_div);
+    rem = ir - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+    i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+    i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+    uint32_t rows_left = end_row - ir;
+    uint32_t block_limit = rows_left;
+
+    if (bctx->split_at_ne01) {
+        block_limit = MIN(block_limit, ne01 - i01);
+    }
+    if (bctx->split_at_ne02) {
+         uint32_t rows_in_plane = (ne02 * ne01) - rem;
+         block_limit = MIN(block_limit, rows_in_plane);
+    }
+
+    return MIN(bctx->block_max, block_limit);
+}
+
+// Macro for scalar op switch
+#define COMPUTE_SCALAR_OP(DST, SRC, VAL, TYPE, N) \
+    if(TYPE == HTP_TYPE_F32) { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_scalar_f32_aa(DST, SRC, *(float *)VAL, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_scalar_f32_aa(DST, SRC, *(float *)VAL, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_scalar_f32_aa(DST, SRC, *(float *)VAL, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_mul_scalar_f32_aa(DST, SRC, 1.0f / (*(float *)VAL), N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    } \
+    else { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_scalar_f16_aa(DST, SRC, *(_Float16 *)VAL, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_scalar_f16_aa(DST, SRC, *(_Float16 *)VAL, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_scalar_f16_aa(DST, SRC, *(_Float16 *)VAL, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_div_scalar_f16_aa(DST, SRC, *(_Float16 *)VAL, N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    }
+
+// Macro for vector op switch (All Aligned)
+#define COMPUTE_VECTOR_OP_AAA(DST, SRC0, SRC1, TYPE, N) \
+    if(TYPE == HTP_TYPE_F32) { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_f32_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_f32_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_f32_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_div_f32_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    } \
+    else { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_f16_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_f16_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_f16_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_div_f16_aaa(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    }
+
+// Macro for vector op switch (Dst Aligned, Src0 Aligned, Src1 Unaligned)
+#define COMPUTE_VECTOR_OP_AAU(DST, SRC0, SRC1, TYPE, N) \
+    if(TYPE == HTP_TYPE_F32) { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_f32_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_f32_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_f32_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_div_f32_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    } \
+    else { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_f16_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_f16_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_f16_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_div_f16_aau(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    }
+
+// Macro for vector op switch (All Unaligned - generic loop used in element repeat)
+#define COMPUTE_VECTOR_OP_UUU(DST, SRC0, SRC1, TYPE, N) \
+    if(TYPE == HTP_TYPE_F32) { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_f32_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_f32_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_f32_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_div_f32_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    } \
+    else { \
+        switch (octx->op) { \
+            case HTP_OP_ADD: hvx_add_f16_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_SUB: hvx_sub_f16_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_MUL: hvx_mul_f16_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            case HTP_OP_DIV: hvx_div_f16_uuu(DST, SRC0, SRC1, N); break; \
+            default: break; \
+        } \
+    }
+
+// 1. Scalar src1 (ne10 == 1)
+static void binary_job_scalar(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_binary_context * bctx = (struct htp_binary_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = bctx->octx;
+    htp_binary_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_type = octx->src0.type;
+    const uint32_t row_size_bytes = (src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? ne00 * sizeof(float) : ne00 * sizeof(_Float16);
+    const uint32_t total_rows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t start_row = bctx->nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_row   = MIN(start_row + bctx->nrows_per_thread, total_rows);
+    if (start_row >= end_row) return;
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_base = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_base  = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+    size_t src0_spad_half    = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    size_t dst_spad_half     = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  / 2;
+
+    dma_queue * q = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+    uint32_t ir_prefetch = start_row;
+    int spad_idx = 0;
+
+    // Preamble
+    for (int k = 0; k < 2 && ir_prefetch < end_row; k++) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir_prefetch - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        uint8_t * src0_curr = (uint8_t *)src0->data + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr  = (uint8_t *)dst->data  + i03 * nb3  + i02 * nb2  + i01 * nb1;
+
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = src0_spad_base + spad_idx * src0_spad_half;
+        uint8_t * d_spad  = dst_spad_base  + spad_idx * dst_spad_half;
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, src0_curr), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+        ir_prefetch += current_block_size;
+        spad_idx ^= 1;
+    }
+
+    // Main loop
+    for (uint32_t ir = start_row; ir < end_row; ) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+
+        uint8_t * d_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).src;
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).dst;
+
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        // src1 indices (broadcast/repeat)
+        uint32_t i13 = fastmodulo(i03, ne13, &bctx->src1_dim3_div);
+        uint32_t i12 = fastmodulo(i02, ne12, &bctx->src1_dim2_div);
+        uint32_t i11 = fastmodulo(i01, ne11, &bctx->src1_dim1_div);
+
+        uint8_t * src1_ptr = (uint8_t *)src1->data + i13 * nb13 + i12 * nb12 + i11 * nb11;
+        uint32_t s1_stride = (ne11 == 1) ? 0 : nb11;
+
+        for (uint32_t r = 0; r < current_block_size; r++) {
+            uint8_t * r_src0 = s0_spad + r * bctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+            uint8_t * r_dst  = d_spad + r * bctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+            COMPUTE_SCALAR_OP(r_dst, r_src0, src1_ptr, src0_type, ne00);
+            src1_ptr += s1_stride;
+        }
+
+        uint8_t * dst_curr = (uint8_t *)dst->data + i03 * nb3 + i02 * nb2 + i01 * nb1;
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+
+        if (ir_prefetch < end_row) {
+             uint32_t next_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+             uint32_t p03, p02, p01, prem;
+             p03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+             prem = ir_prefetch - p03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+             p02 = fastdiv(prem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+             p01 = prem - p02 * ne01;
+             uint8_t * s0_next = (uint8_t *)src0->data + p03 * nb03 + p02 * nb02 + p01 * nb01;
+
+             dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, s0_next), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, next_block_size);
+             ir_prefetch += next_block_size;
+        }
+        ir += current_block_size;
+    }
+    dma_queue_flush(q);
+}
+
+// 2. Vector Same Shape (ne1x == ne0x) or Simple Broadcast
+static void binary_job_vector_same_shape(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_binary_context * bctx = (struct htp_binary_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = bctx->octx;
+    htp_binary_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_type = octx->src0.type;
+    const uint32_t row_size_bytes = (src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? ne00 * sizeof(float) : ne00 * sizeof(_Float16);
+    const uint32_t total_rows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t start_row = bctx->nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_row   = MIN(start_row + bctx->nrows_per_thread, total_rows);
+    if (start_row >= end_row) return;
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_base = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * src1_spad_base = octx->src1_spad.data + (ith * octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_base  = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    size_t src1_spad_half = octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    size_t dst_spad_half  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  / 2;
+
+    dma_queue * q = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+    uint32_t ir_prefetch = start_row;
+    int spad_idx = 0;
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < 2 && ir_prefetch < end_row; k++) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir_prefetch - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        uint32_t i13 = (ne13 == 1) ? 0 : i03;
+        uint32_t i12 = (ne12 == 1) ? 0 : i02;
+        uint32_t i11 = (ne11 == 1) ? 0 : i01;
+
+        uint8_t * src0_curr = (uint8_t *)src0->data + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01;
+        uint8_t * src1_base = (uint8_t *)src1->data + i13 * nb13 + i12 * nb12 + i11 * nb11;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr  = (uint8_t *)dst->data  + i03 * nb3  + i02 * nb2  + i01 * nb1;
+
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = src0_spad_base + spad_idx * src0_spad_half;
+        uint8_t * s1_spad = src1_spad_base + spad_idx * src1_spad_half;
+        uint8_t * d_spad  = dst_spad_base  + spad_idx * dst_spad_half;
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, src0_curr), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s1_spad, src1_base), bctx->src1_row_size_aligned, bctx->src1_dma_stride, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+        ir_prefetch += current_block_size;
+        spad_idx ^= 1;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = start_row; ir < end_row; ) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint8_t * d_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).src;
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).dst;
+        uint8_t * s1_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).dst;
+
+        for (uint32_t r = 0; r < current_block_size; r++) {
+            uint8_t * r_src0 = s0_spad + r * bctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+            uint8_t * r_src1 = s1_spad + r * bctx->src1_row_size_aligned;
+            uint8_t * r_dst  = d_spad  + r * bctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+            COMPUTE_VECTOR_OP_AAA(r_dst, r_src0, r_src1, src0_type, ne00);
+        }
+
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr = (uint8_t *)dst->data + i03 * nb3 + i02 * nb2 + i01 * nb1;
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+
+        if (ir_prefetch < end_row) {
+             uint32_t next_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+             uint32_t p03, p02, p01, prem;
+             p03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+             prem = ir_prefetch - p03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+             p02 = fastdiv(prem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+             p01 = prem - p02 * ne01;
+
+             uint32_t p13 = (ne13 == 1) ? 0 : p03;
+             uint32_t p12 = (ne12 == 1) ? 0 : p02;
+             uint32_t p11 = (ne11 == 1) ? 0 : p01;
+
+             uint8_t * s0_next = (uint8_t *)src0->data + p03 * nb03 + p02 * nb02 + p01 * nb01;
+             uint8_t * s1_next = (uint8_t *)src1->data + p13 * nb13 + p12 * nb12 + p11 * nb11;
+
+             dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, s0_next), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, next_block_size);
+             dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s1_spad, s1_next), bctx->src1_row_size_aligned, bctx->src1_dma_stride, row_size_bytes, next_block_size);
+
+             ir_prefetch += next_block_size;
+        }
+        ir += current_block_size;
+    }
+    dma_queue_flush(q);
+}
+
+// 3. Row Broadcast (ne11 == 1, ne12 == 1, single row src1)
+static void binary_job_vector_row_broadcast(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_binary_context * bctx = (struct htp_binary_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = bctx->octx;
+    htp_binary_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_type = octx->src0.type;
+    const uint32_t row_size_bytes = (src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? ne00 * sizeof(float) : ne00 * sizeof(_Float16);
+    const uint32_t total_rows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t start_row = bctx->nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_row   = MIN(start_row + bctx->nrows_per_thread, total_rows);
+    if (start_row >= end_row) return;
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_base = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * src1_spad = octx->src1_spad.data + (ith * octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_base  = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    size_t dst_spad_half  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  / 2;
+
+    dma_queue * q = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+    uint32_t ir_prefetch = start_row;
+    int spad_idx = 0;
+
+    void * s1_ptr = (void *) src1_spad;
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < 2 && ir_prefetch < end_row; k++) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir_prefetch - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        uint8_t * src0_curr = (uint8_t *)src0->data + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr  = (uint8_t *)dst->data  + i03 * nb3  + i02 * nb2  + i01 * nb1;
+
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = src0_spad_base + spad_idx * src0_spad_half;
+        uint8_t * d_spad  = dst_spad_base  + spad_idx * dst_spad_half;
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, src0_curr), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+        ir_prefetch += current_block_size;
+        spad_idx ^= 1;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = start_row; ir < end_row; ) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint8_t * d_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).src;
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).dst;
+
+        for (uint32_t r = 0; r < current_block_size; r++) {
+            uint8_t * r_src0 = s0_spad + r * bctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+            uint8_t * r_src1 = (uint8_t *)s1_ptr; // Constant
+            uint8_t * r_dst  = d_spad + r * bctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+            COMPUTE_VECTOR_OP_AAA(r_dst, r_src0, r_src1, src0_type, ne00);
+        }
+
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr = (uint8_t *)dst->data + i03 * nb3 + i02 * nb2 + i01 * nb1;
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+
+        if (ir_prefetch < end_row) {
+             uint32_t next_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+             uint32_t p03, p02, p01, prem;
+             p03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+             prem = ir_prefetch - p03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+             p02 = fastdiv(prem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+             p01 = prem - p02 * ne01;
+             uint8_t * s0_next = (uint8_t *)src0->data + p03 * nb03 + p02 * nb02 + p01 * nb01;
+             dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, s0_next), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, next_block_size);
+             ir_prefetch += next_block_size;
+        }
+        ir += current_block_size;
+    }
+    dma_queue_flush(q);
+}
+
+// 4. Vector Complex (ne10 == ne00, complex broadcast)
+static void binary_job_vector_complex(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_binary_context * bctx = (struct htp_binary_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = bctx->octx;
+    htp_binary_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_type = octx->src0.type;
+    const uint32_t row_size_bytes = (src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? ne00 * sizeof(float) : ne00 * sizeof(_Float16);
+    const uint32_t total_rows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t start_row = bctx->nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_row   = MIN(start_row + bctx->nrows_per_thread, total_rows);
+    if (start_row >= end_row) return;
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_base = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_base  = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+    size_t src0_spad_half = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    size_t dst_spad_half  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  / 2;
+
+    dma_queue * q = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+    uint32_t ir_prefetch = start_row;
+    int spad_idx = 0;
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < 2 && ir_prefetch < end_row; k++) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir_prefetch - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        uint8_t * src0_curr = (uint8_t *)src0->data + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr  = (uint8_t *)dst->data  + i03 * nb3  + i02 * nb2  + i01 * nb1;
+
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = src0_spad_base + spad_idx * src0_spad_half;
+        uint8_t * d_spad  = dst_spad_base  + spad_idx * dst_spad_half;
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, src0_curr), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+        ir_prefetch += current_block_size;
+        spad_idx ^= 1;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = start_row; ir < end_row; ) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint8_t * d_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).src;
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).dst;
+
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        for (uint32_t r = 0; r < current_block_size; r++) {
+            uint32_t r_i01 = i01 + r;
+            uint32_t i13 = fastmodulo(i03, ne13, &bctx->src1_dim3_div);
+            uint32_t i12 = fastmodulo(i02, ne12, &bctx->src1_dim2_div);
+            uint32_t i11 = fastmodulo(r_i01, ne11, &bctx->src1_dim1_div);
+
+            uint8_t * r_src0 = s0_spad + r * bctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+            uint8_t * r_src1 = (uint8_t *)src1->data + i13 * nb13 + i12 * nb12 + i11 * nb11;
+            uint8_t * r_dst  = d_spad + r * bctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+            // Read src1 from DDR (unaligned)
+            COMPUTE_VECTOR_OP_AAU(r_dst, r_src0, r_src1, src0_type, ne00);
+        }
+
+        uint8_t * dst_curr = (uint8_t *)dst->data + i03 * nb3 + i02 * nb2 + i01 * nb1;
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+
+        if (ir_prefetch < end_row) {
+             uint32_t next_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+             uint32_t p03, p02, p01, prem;
+             p03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+             prem = ir_prefetch - p03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+             p02 = fastdiv(prem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+             p01 = prem - p02 * ne01;
+             uint8_t * s0_next = (uint8_t *)src0->data + p03 * nb03 + p02 * nb02 + p01 * nb01;
+             dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, s0_next), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, next_block_size);
+             ir_prefetch += next_block_size;
+        }
+        ir += current_block_size;
+    }
+    dma_queue_flush(q);
+}
+
+// 5. Element Repeat (ne10 != ne00)
+static void binary_job_element_repeat(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_binary_context * bctx = (struct htp_binary_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = bctx->octx;
+    htp_binary_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_type = octx->src0.type;
+    const uint32_t elem_size_bytes = (src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? sizeof(float) : sizeof(_Float16);
+    const uint32_t row_size_bytes = ne00 * elem_size_bytes;;
+    const uint32_t total_rows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t start_row = bctx->nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_row   = MIN(start_row + bctx->nrows_per_thread, total_rows);
+    if (start_row >= end_row) return;
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_base = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_base  = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+    size_t src0_spad_half = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    size_t dst_spad_half  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  / 2;
+
+    dma_queue * q = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+    uint32_t ir_prefetch = start_row;
+    int spad_idx = 0;
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < 2 && ir_prefetch < end_row; k++) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir_prefetch - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        uint8_t * src0_curr = (uint8_t *)src0->data + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr  = (uint8_t *)dst->data  + i03 * nb3  + i02 * nb2  + i01 * nb1;
+
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = src0_spad_base + spad_idx * src0_spad_half;
+        uint8_t * d_spad  = dst_spad_base  + spad_idx * dst_spad_half;
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, src0_curr), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+        ir_prefetch += current_block_size;
+        spad_idx ^= 1;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = start_row; ir < end_row; ) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint8_t * d_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).src;
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).dst;
+
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        for (uint32_t r = 0; r < current_block_size; r++) {
+            uint32_t r_i01 = i01 + r;
+            uint32_t i13 = fastmodulo(i03, ne13, &bctx->src1_dim3_div);
+            uint32_t i12 = fastmodulo(i02, ne12, &bctx->src1_dim2_div);
+            uint32_t i11 = fastmodulo(r_i01, ne11, &bctx->src1_dim1_div);
+
+            uint8_t * r_src0 = s0_spad + r * bctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+            uint8_t * r_src1_row = (uint8_t *)src1->data + i13 * nb13 + i12 * nb12 + i11 * nb11;
+            uint8_t * r_dst  = d_spad + r * bctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+            // Repeat src1 row
+            for (uint32_t c = 0; c < ne00; c += ne10) {
+                uint32_t len = MIN(ne10, ne00 - c);
+                // Use UUU for speed and simplicity
+                COMPUTE_VECTOR_OP_UUU(r_dst + c * elem_size_bytes, r_src0 + c * elem_size_bytes, r_src1_row, src0_type, len);
+            }
+        }
+
+        uint8_t * dst_curr = (uint8_t *)dst->data + i03 * nb3 + i02 * nb2 + i01 * nb1;
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, row_size_bytes, current_block_size);
+
+        if (ir_prefetch < end_row) {
+             uint32_t next_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+             uint32_t p03, p02, p01, prem;
+             p03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+             prem = ir_prefetch - p03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+             p02 = fastdiv(prem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+             p01 = prem - p02 * ne01;
+             uint8_t * s0_next = (uint8_t *)src0->data + p03 * nb03 + p02 * nb02 + p01 * nb01;
+             dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, s0_next), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, row_size_bytes, next_block_size);
+             ir_prefetch += next_block_size;
+        }
+        ir += current_block_size;
+    }
+    dma_queue_flush(q);
+}
+
+// 6. ADD_ID (src1 gathered via src2 indices)
+static void binary_job_add_id(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_binary_context * bctx = (struct htp_binary_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = bctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src2 = &octx->src2;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    const uint32_t ne11 = src1->ne[1]; // for bounds check
+
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+    const uint32_t nb11 = src1->nb[1]; // src1 row stride
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    const uint32_t total_rows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t start_row = bctx->nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_row   = MIN(start_row + bctx->nrows_per_thread, total_rows);
+    if (start_row >= end_row) return;
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_base = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_base  = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+    size_t src0_spad_half = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2;
+    size_t dst_spad_half  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  / 2;
+
+    dma_queue * q = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+    uint32_t ir_prefetch = start_row;
+    int spad_idx = 0;
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < 2 && ir_prefetch < end_row; k++) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir_prefetch - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        uint8_t * src0_curr = (uint8_t *)src0->data + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01;
+        uint8_t * dst_curr  = (uint8_t *)dst->data  + i03 * nb3  + i02 * nb2  + i01 * nb1;
+
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = src0_spad_base + spad_idx * src0_spad_half;
+        uint8_t * d_spad  = dst_spad_base  + spad_idx * dst_spad_half;
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, src0_curr), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, ne00 * sizeof(float), current_block_size);
+        ir_prefetch += current_block_size;
+        spad_idx ^= 1;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = start_row; ir < end_row; ) {
+        uint32_t current_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+        uint8_t * d_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).src;
+        uint8_t * s0_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(q).dst;
+
+        uint32_t i03, i02, i01, rem;
+        i03 = fastdiv(ir, &bctx->dim12_div);
+        rem = ir - i03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+        i02 = fastdiv(rem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+        i01 = rem - i02 * ne01;
+
+        for (uint32_t r = 0; r < current_block_size; r++) {
+            uint32_t r_i01 = i01 + r; // linear within block since we split at ne01
+
+            const int32_t idx = *(int32_t *)((char *)src2->data + r_i01 * src2->nb[0] + i02 * src2->nb[1]);
+
+            uint8_t * r_src1 = (uint8_t *)src1->data + idx * nb11;
+            uint8_t * r_src0 = s0_spad + r * bctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+            uint8_t * r_dst  = d_spad + r * bctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+            hvx_add_f32_aau(r_dst, r_src0, r_src1, ne00);
+        }
+
+        uint8_t * dst_curr = (uint8_t *)dst->data + i03 * nb3 + i02 * nb2 + i01 * nb1;
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(dst_curr, d_spad), nb1, bctx->dst_row_size_aligned, ne00 * sizeof(float), current_block_size);
+
+        if (ir_prefetch < end_row) {
+             uint32_t next_block_size = calc_block_size(bctx, ir_prefetch, end_row, ne01, ne02);
+             uint32_t p03, p02, p01, prem;
+             p03 = fastdiv(ir_prefetch, &bctx->dim12_div);
+             prem = ir_prefetch - p03 * (ne02 * ne01);
+             p02 = fastdiv(prem, &bctx->dim1_div);
+             p01 = prem - p02 * ne01;
+             uint8_t * s0_next = (uint8_t *)src0->data + p03 * nb03 + p02 * nb02 + p01 * nb01;
+             dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(s0_spad, s0_next), bctx->src0_row_size_aligned, nb01, ne00 * sizeof(float), next_block_size);
+             ir_prefetch += next_block_size;
+        }
+        ir += current_block_size;
+    }
+    dma_queue_flush(q);
+}
+
+static int execute_op_binary(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    const uint32_t n_threads  = MIN(octx->n_threads, src0_nrows);
+
+    // Use packed row sizes for VTCM allocation
+    const uint32_t src0_type = octx->src0.type;
+    const size_t elem_size = (src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? sizeof(float) : sizeof(_Float16);
+    const size_t src0_row_size = src0->ne[0] * elem_size;
+    const size_t src1_row_size = src1->ne[0] * elem_size;
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = dst->ne[0] * elem_size;
+
+    // Align to VLEN
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, VLEN);
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = hex_round_up(dst_row_size, VLEN);
+    size_t src1_row_size_aligned = hex_round_up(src1_row_size, VLEN);
+
+    bool is_add_id = (octx->op == HTP_OP_ADD_ID);
+    bool is_scalar = !is_add_id && (src1->ne[0] == 1);
+
+    // Determine which kernel we will use to alloc memory and dispatch
+    bool use_vector_same = !is_add_id && !is_scalar && ((src0->nb[1] % VLEN) == 0) && (src1->ne[0] == src0->ne[0]) &&
+               (src1->ne[1] == src0->ne[1] || src1->ne[1] == 1) &&
+               (src1->ne[2] == src0->ne[2] || src1->ne[2] == 1) &&
+               (src1->ne[3] == src0->ne[3] || src1->ne[3] == 1);
+
+    bool is_row_bcast = use_vector_same && (src1->ne[1] == 1 && src1->ne[2] == 1 && src1->ne[3] == 1);
+    bool use_complex = !is_add_id && !is_scalar && !use_vector_same && (src1->ne[0] == src0->ne[0]);
+    bool use_repeat  = !is_add_id && !is_scalar && !use_vector_same && (src1->ne[0] != src0->ne[0]);
+
+    size_t spad_row_total;
+    if (is_scalar) {
+        spad_row_total = 2 * (src0_row_size_aligned + dst_row_size_aligned);
+    } else if (is_row_bcast) {
+        spad_row_total = 2 * (src0_row_size_aligned + dst_row_size_aligned);
+    } else if (use_vector_same) {
+        spad_row_total = 2 * (src0_row_size_aligned + src1_row_size_aligned + dst_row_size_aligned);
+    } else if (is_add_id) {
+        spad_row_total = 2 * (src0_row_size_aligned + dst_row_size_aligned); // src1 read directly
+    } else {
+        spad_row_total = 2 * (src0_row_size_aligned + dst_row_size_aligned);
+    }
+
+    size_t rows_per_buffer = octx->ctx->vtcm_size / (n_threads * spad_row_total);
+    // Adjust for static src1 in row_bcast case
+    if (is_row_bcast) {
+        size_t needed_static = src1_row_size_aligned;
+        if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < needed_static) return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+        size_t avail = octx->ctx->vtcm_size - needed_static;
+        rows_per_buffer = avail / (n_threads * spad_row_total);
+    }
+
+    if (rows_per_buffer < 1) {
+         FARF(ERROR, "binary: VTCM too small\n");
+         return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = rows_per_buffer * 2 * src0_row_size_aligned;
+    octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = rows_per_buffer * 2 * dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    if (is_scalar || use_complex || use_repeat || is_add_id) {
+        octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = 0;
+    } else if (is_row_bcast) {
+        octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = 0;
+    } else {
+        octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = rows_per_buffer * 2 * src1_row_size_aligned;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size = n_threads * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread;
+    if (is_row_bcast) {
+        octx->src1_spad.size = src1_row_size_aligned;
+    } else {
+        octx->src1_spad.size = n_threads * octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread;
+    }
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = n_threads * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread;
+
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < (octx->src0_spad.size + octx->src1_spad.size + octx->dst_spad.size)) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src1_spad.data = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size;
+
+    if ((octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    dma_queue * q = octx->ctx->dma[0];
+    if (is_row_bcast) {
+        dma_queue_push(q, dma_make_ptr(octx->src1_spad.data, (const void *) src1->data), src1_row_size_aligned, 0, src1->ne[0] * elem_size, 1);
+    }
+
+    struct htp_binary_context bctx;
+    bctx.octx = octx;
+    bctx.nrows_per_thread = (src0_nrows + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+    bctx.block_max = rows_per_buffer;
+    bctx.src0_row_size_aligned = src0_row_size_aligned;
+    bctx.src1_row_size_aligned = src1_row_size_aligned;
+    bctx.dst_row_size_aligned  = dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    bctx.dim1_div = init_fastdiv_values(src0->ne[1]);
+    bctx.dim2_div = init_fastdiv_values(src0->ne[2]);
+    bctx.dim12_div = init_fastdiv_values(src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[2]);
+
+    bctx.src1_dim1_div = init_fastdiv_values(src1->ne[1]);
+    bctx.src1_dim2_div = init_fastdiv_values(src1->ne[2]);
+    bctx.src1_dim3_div = init_fastdiv_values(src1->ne[3]);
+
+    bool src0_contig_dim1 = (src0->nb[2] == src0->ne[1] * src0->nb[1]);
+    bool dst_contig_dim1  = (dst->nb[2] == src0->ne[1] * dst->nb[1]);
+
+    bool src0_contig_dim2 = (src0->nb[3] == src0->ne[2] * src0->nb[2]);
+    bool dst_contig_dim2  = (dst->nb[3] == src0->ne[2] * dst->nb[2]);
+
+    bctx.split_at_ne01 = (src0->ne[2] > 1) &&
+                         ((src1->ne[1] > 1) || (src1->ne[2] > 1) || !src0_contig_dim1 || !dst_contig_dim1);
+
+    bctx.split_at_ne02 = (src0->ne[3] > 1) &&
+                         ((src1->ne[2] > 1) || (src1->ne[3] > 1) || !src0_contig_dim2 || !dst_contig_dim2);
+
+    // Precompute specific kernel parameters
+    if (use_vector_same) {
+        bctx.src1_dma_stride = (src1->ne[1] == 1) ? 0 : src1->nb[1];
+        bctx.src1_fetch_rows = (src1->ne[1] == 1) ? 1 : rows_per_buffer;
+    }
+
+    worker_callback_t worker_func;
+    if (is_add_id) worker_func = binary_job_add_id;
+    else if (is_scalar) worker_func = binary_job_scalar;
+    else if (is_row_bcast) worker_func = binary_job_vector_row_broadcast;
+    else if (use_vector_same) worker_func = binary_job_vector_same_shape;
+    else if (use_complex) worker_func = binary_job_vector_complex;
+    else worker_func = binary_job_element_repeat;
+
+    if (is_row_bcast) {
+        dma_queue_pop(q);
+    }
+
+    worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, worker_func, &bctx, n_threads);
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+int op_binary(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+
+    // Does not support permutations of src1
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    if (src1->nb[1] < src1->nb[0]) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t src0_type = octx->src0.type;
+    if ((src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F32) || (src0_type == HTP_TYPE_F16)) {
+        return execute_op_binary(octx);
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/cmake-toolchain.cmake b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/cmake-toolchain.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7fa236e328f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/cmake-toolchain.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+if (HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN_INCLUDED)
+  return()
+endif()
+set(HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN_INCLUDED true)
+
+#Cross Compiling for Hexagon
+set(HEXAGON TRUE)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME QURT)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR Hexagon)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION "1") #${HEXAGON_PLATFORM_LEVEL})
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
+set(CUSTOM_RUNELF_PATH "")
+
+#To fix backward compatibility with EAI addon.
+if (NOT HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT)
+    set(HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT $ENV{HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT})
+endif()
+
+if (NOT HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT)
+    if (DEFINED ENV{HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT})
+        set(HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT $ENV{HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT})
+    endif()
+    if(NOT HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT)
+        set(HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT $ENV{DEFAULT_HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT})
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT}" HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT)
+file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}"   HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT)
+
+#Get the Binary extension of the Hexagon Toolchain
+if(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Windows)
+    set(HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX .exe)
+endif()
+message(DEBUG "CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME:${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME}")
+
+include(${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/build/cmake/hexagon_arch.cmake)
+
+set(HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN ${HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT})
+set(HEXAGON_LIB_DIR "${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/target/hexagon/lib")
+set(HEXAGON_ISS_DIR ${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/lib/iss)
+
+set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_PLATFORM_VARIABLES
+    HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT
+    HEXAGON_TOOLS_ROOT
+)
+
+#QURT Related includes and linker flags
+set(V_ARCH ${HEXAGON_ARCH})
+set(_QURT_INSTALL_DIR "${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/rtos/qurt/ADSP${V_ARCH}MP${V_ARCH_EXTN}")
+set(_QURT_INSTALL_DIR "${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/rtos/qurt/compute${V_ARCH}${V_ARCH_EXTN}")
+
+if( ${TREE} MATCHES PAKMAN )
+    set(_QURT_INSTALL_DIR "${QURT_IMAGE_DIR}/compute${V_ARCH}${V_ARCH_EXTN}")
+endif()
+message(DEBUG "_QURT_INSTALL_DIR:${_QURT_INSTALL_DIR}")
+set(RTOS_DIR ${_QURT_INSTALL_DIR})
+set(QCC_DIR "${HEXAGON_QCC_DIR}/${V_ARCH}/G0")
+set(TARGET_DIR "${HEXAGON_LIB_DIR}/${V_ARCH}/G0")
+
+include_directories(
+    ${_QURT_INSTALL_DIR}/include
+    ${_QURT_INSTALL_DIR}/include/qurt
+    ${_QURT_INSTALL_DIR}/include/posix
+    )
+
+set(QURT_START_LINK_LIBS)
+set(QURT_START_LINK_LIBS
+    "${TARGET_DIR}/init.o"
+    "${RTOS_DIR}/lib/crt1.o"
+    "${RTOS_DIR}/lib/debugmon.o"
+    "${RTOS_DIR}/lib/libqurt.a"
+    "${TARGET_DIR}/libc.a"
+    "${TARGET_DIR}/libqcc.a"
+    "${TARGET_DIR}/libhexagon.a"
+    "${RTOS_DIR}/lib/libqurtcfs.a"
+    "${RTOS_DIR}/lib/libtimer_island.a"
+    "${RTOS_DIR}/lib/libtimer_main.a"
+    "${RTOS_DIR}/lib/libposix.a"
+    )
+STRING(REPLACE ";" " " QURT_START_LINK_LIBS "${QURT_START_LINK_LIBS}")
+
+set(QURT_END_LINK_LIBS
+    ${TARGET_DIR}/fini.o
+    )
+
+#Non QURT related includes and linker flags
+
+set(TARGET_DIR_NOOS "${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/target/hexagon/lib/${HEXAGON_ARCH}")
+
+if (NOT NO_WRAP_MEM_API)
+    set(WRAP_MALLOC   -Wl,--wrap=malloc)
+    set(WRAP_CALLOC   -Wl,--wrap=calloc)
+    set(WRAP_FREE     -Wl,--wrap=free)
+    set(WRAP_REALLOC  -Wl,--wrap=realloc)
+    set(WRAP_MEMALIGN -Wl,--wrap=memalign)
+endif()
+
+set(PIC_SHARED_LD_FLAGS
+    -mcpu=${V_ARCH} -m${V_ARCH} -mhvx=${V_ARCH}
+    -G0
+    -fpic
+    -Wl,-Bsymbolic
+    -Wl,-L${TARGET_DIR_NOOS}/G0/pic
+    -Wl,-L${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/target/hexagon/lib/
+    -Wl,--no-threads ${WRAP_MALLOC} ${WRAP_CALLOC} ${WRAP_FREE} ${WRAP_REALLOC} ${WRAP_MEMALIGN}
+    -shared
+    "-o <TARGET> <SONAME_FLAG><TARGET_SONAME>"
+    "<LINK_FLAGS>"
+    -Wl,--start-group
+    "<OBJECTS>"
+    "<LINK_LIBRARIES>"
+    -Wl,--end-group
+    -lc
+    )
+STRING(REPLACE ";" " " PIC_SHARED_LD_FLAGS "${PIC_SHARED_LD_FLAGS}")
+
+set(HEXAGON_PIC_SHARED_LINK_OPTIONS "${PIC_SHARED_LD_FLAGS}")
+
+#System include paths
+include_directories(SYSTEM ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/incs)
+include_directories(SYSTEM ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/incs/stddef)
+include_directories(SYSTEM ${HEXAGON_SDK_ROOT}/ipc/fastrpc/incs)
+
+#LLVM toolchain setup
+#Compiler paths, options and architecture
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER ${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/bin/hexagon-clang${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/bin/hexagon-clang++${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_AR ${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/bin/hexagon-ar${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER ${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/bin/hexagon-clang++${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN_SUFFIX})
+set(HEXAGON_LINKER ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER})
+set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${HEXAGON_TOOLCHAIN}/Tools/target/hexagon)
+
+set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SONAME_C_FLAG   "-Wl,-soname,")
+set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SONAME_CXX_FLAG "-Wl,-soname,")
+
+#Compiler Options
+set(COMMON_FLAGS "-mcpu=hexagon${V_ARCH} -m${V_ARCH} -mhvx=${V_ARCH} -fvectorize -Wall -Werror -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss -G0 -fdata-sections -fpic ${XQF_ARGS}")
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG          "${COMMON_FLAGS} -O0 -D_DEBUG -g")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${COMMON_FLAGS} -O3 -g")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE        "${COMMON_FLAGS} -O3")
+
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG            "${COMMON_FLAGS} -O0 -D_DEBUG -g")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO   "${COMMON_FLAGS} -O3 -g")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE          "${COMMON_FLAGS} -O3")
+
+set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS_DEBUG          "${COMMON_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
+set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS_RELEASE        "${COMMON_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE}")
+set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${COMMON_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO}" )
+
+#Linker Options
+set(CMAKE_C_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY   "${HEXAGON_LINKER} ${HEXAGON_PIC_SHARED_LINK_OPTIONS}")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY "${HEXAGON_LINKER} ${HEXAGON_PIC_SHARED_LINK_OPTIONS}")
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/cpy-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/cpy-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a40d866b9c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/cpy-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+struct htp_copy_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+
+    uint32_t          src0_type_size;
+    uint32_t          src0_block_size;
+
+    uint32_t          dst_type_size;
+    uint32_t          dst_block_size;
+
+    uint32_t          src0_blocks_per_row;
+    uint32_t          dst_blocks_per_row;
+
+    uint32_t          src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    void (*copy)(struct htp_copy_context * ct, struct htp_ops_context * octx, int nth, int ith);
+};
+
+#define cpy_preamble                       \
+    struct htp_tensor *src0 = &octx->src0; \
+    struct htp_tensor *dst  = &octx->dst;  \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];     \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];     \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];     \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];     \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0];     \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];     \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];     \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];     \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t  ne0 = dst->ne[0];      \
+    const uint32_t  ne1 = dst->ne[1];      \
+    const uint32_t  ne2 = dst->ne[2];      \
+    const uint32_t  ne3 = dst->ne[3];      \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t  nb0 = dst->nb[0];      \
+    const uint32_t  nb1 = dst->nb[1];      \
+    const uint32_t  nb2 = dst->nb[2];      \
+    const uint32_t  nb3 = dst->nb[3];      \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t   nr = ne01;
+
+static void cpy_thread_sametype_sameshape(struct htp_copy_context * ct, struct htp_ops_context * octx, const int nth, const int ith) {
+    cpy_preamble;
+
+    // parallelize by src0 rows
+    const uint32_t dr  = ct->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = (ir0 + dr) < nr ? (ir0 + dr) : nr;
+
+    // copy by rows
+    for (uint32_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (uint32_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            #pragma unroll(2)
+            for (uint32_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                uint8_t* dst_ptr  = (uint8_t*) dst->data  + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3;
+                uint8_t* src0_ptr = (uint8_t*) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
+                hex_l2fetch(src0_ptr, ne00 * ct->src0_type_size, nb01, 2);
+                hvx_copy_uu(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, ne00, ct->src0_type_size);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void cpy_thread_sametype_reshape(struct htp_copy_context * ct, struct htp_ops_context * octx, int nth, int ith) {
+    cpy_preamble;
+
+    // parallelize by src0 rows
+    const uint32_t dr  = ct->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = (ir0 + dr) < nr ? (ir0 + dr) : nr;
+
+    // dst counters
+    int64_t k10 = 0;
+    int64_t i11 = 0;
+    int64_t i12 = 0;
+    int64_t i13 = 0;
+
+    // number of blocks in a row
+    const int64_t nk00 = ct->src0_blocks_per_row;
+    const int64_t nk0  = ct->dst_blocks_per_row;
+
+    for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            k10 += nk00 * ir0;
+            while (k10 >= nk0) {
+                k10 -= nk0;
+                if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                    i11 = 0;
+                    if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                        i12 = 0;
+                        if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                            i13 = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                for (int64_t k00 = 0; k00 < nk00; k00++) {
+                    const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + k00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                          char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + k10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+                    memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, ct->dst_type_size);
+
+                    if (++k10 == nk0) {
+                        k10 = 0;
+                        if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                            i11 = 0;
+                            if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                                i12 = 0;
+                                if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                    i13 = 0;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            k10 += nk00 * (ne01 - ir1);
+            while (k10 >= nk0) {
+                k10 -= nk0;
+                if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                    i11 = 0;
+                    if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                        i12 = 0;
+                        if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                            i13 = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void cpy_thread_f16_f32_sameshape(struct htp_copy_context * ct, struct htp_ops_context * octx, const int nth, const int ith) {
+    cpy_preamble;
+
+    // parallelize by src0 rows
+    const uint32_t dr  = ct->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = (ir0 + dr) < nr ? (ir0 + dr) : nr;
+
+    // copy by rows
+    for (uint32_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (uint32_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            #pragma unroll(2)
+            for (uint32_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                uint8_t* dst_ptr  = (uint8_t*) dst->data  + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3;
+                uint8_t* src0_ptr = (uint8_t*) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
+                hex_l2fetch(src0_ptr, ne00 * sizeof(float), nb01, 2);
+                hvx_copy_f16_f32_uu(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, ne00);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void cpy_thread_f32_f16_sameshape(struct htp_copy_context * ct, struct htp_ops_context * octx, const int nth, const int ith) {
+    cpy_preamble;
+
+    // parallelize by src0 rows
+    const uint32_t dr  = ct->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = (ir0 + dr) < nr ? (ir0 + dr) : nr;
+
+    // copy by rows
+    for (uint32_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+        for (uint32_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+            #pragma unroll(2)
+            for (uint32_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                uint8_t* dst_ptr  = (uint8_t*) dst->data  + i01*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3;
+                uint8_t* src0_ptr = (uint8_t*) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
+                hex_l2fetch(src0_ptr, ne00 * sizeof(__fp16), nb01, 2);
+                hvx_copy_f32_f16_uu(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, ne00);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void cpy_work_func(unsigned int n, unsigned int i, void *data) {
+    struct htp_copy_context *ct = (struct htp_copy_context *) data;
+    ct->copy(ct, ct->octx, n, i);
+}
+
+int op_cpy(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    cpy_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(nr, octx->n_threads);
+
+    struct htp_copy_context ct;
+    ct.octx = octx;
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+    case HTP_TYPE_F32: ct.src0_type_size = 4; ct.src0_block_size = 1; ct.src0_blocks_per_row = ne00 / 1; break;
+    case HTP_TYPE_F16: ct.src0_type_size = 2; ct.src0_block_size = 1; ct.src0_blocks_per_row = ne00 / 1; break;
+    default:
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+    case HTP_TYPE_F32: ct.dst_type_size = 4; ct.dst_block_size = 1; ct.dst_blocks_per_row = ne0 / 1; break;
+    case HTP_TYPE_F16: ct.dst_type_size = 2; ct.dst_block_size = 1; ct.dst_blocks_per_row = ne0 / 1; break;
+    default:
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    const bool sametype   = (src0->type == dst->type);
+    const bool transposed = (nb00 > nb01) || (nb0 > nb1);
+    const bool sameshape  = !transposed && (ne00 == ne0 && ne01 == ne1 && ne02 == ne2 && ne03 == ne3);
+
+    ct.src0_nrows_per_thread = (nr + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+
+    if (sametype && sameshape) {
+        ct.copy = cpy_thread_sametype_sameshape;
+    } else if (sameshape) {
+        /**/ if (dst->type == HTP_TYPE_F16 && src0->type == HTP_TYPE_F32)
+            ct.copy = cpy_thread_f16_f32_sameshape;
+        else if (dst->type == HTP_TYPE_F32 && src0->type == HTP_TYPE_F16)
+            ct.copy = cpy_thread_f32_f16_sameshape;
+        else
+            return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    } else if (sametype) {
+        ct.copy = cpy_thread_sametype_reshape;
+    } else {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, cpy_work_func, &ct, n_threads);
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/flash-attn-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/flash-attn-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6dc978dd68a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/flash-attn-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+#include "hvx-dump.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+// Must be multiple of 32
+#define FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE (32 * 2)
+
+// This is a bit of a hack because the compiler is strugling to properly inline
+// the default hvx_vec_f32_to_f16 with output into the local array.
+static void __attribute__((noinline)) hvx_vec_f32_to_f16_a(void *ptr, HVX_Vector v0, HVX_Vector v1)
+{
+    *(HVX_Vector *) ptr = hvx_vec_f32_to_f16(v0, v1);
+}
+
+// Dot product of two F16 vectors, accumulating to float
+static inline void hvx_dot_f16_f16_aa(float * restrict r, const void * restrict x, const void * restrict y, unsigned int n, float s) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) x; // fp16
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vy = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) y; // fp16
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16; // num full fp16 hvx vectors
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16; // leftover elements
+
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum_p = Q6_W_vcombine_VV(Q6_V_vsplat_R(0), Q6_V_vsplat_R(0));
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; i++) {
+        rsum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum_p, vx[i], vy[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe * 2);
+        HVX_Vector y_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, vy[i]);
+        HVX_Vector x_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, vx[i]);
+
+        rsum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum_p, x_hf, y_hf);
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum_p)));
+    rsum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(hvx_vec_splat_f32(s), hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(rsum)));
+    hvx_vec_store_u(r, 4, rsum);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_dot_f16_f16_aa_rx4(const void * restrict y,
+                                                const uint8_t * restrict x,
+                                                const size_t stride_x,
+                                                const size_t nvec,
+                                                const size_t nloe) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx0 = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) x;                   // fp16
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx1 = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) (x + stride_x);      // fp16
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx2 = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) (x + stride_x * 2);  // fp16
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx3 = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) (x + stride_x * 3);  // fp16
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vy  = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) y;                   // fp16
+
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum0_p = Q6_W_vcombine_VV(Q6_V_vsplat_R(0), Q6_V_vsplat_R(0));
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum1_p = Q6_W_vcombine_VV(Q6_V_vsplat_R(0), Q6_V_vsplat_R(0));
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum2_p = Q6_W_vcombine_VV(Q6_V_vsplat_R(0), Q6_V_vsplat_R(0));
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum3_p = Q6_W_vcombine_VV(Q6_V_vsplat_R(0), Q6_V_vsplat_R(0));
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector y_hf  = vy[i];
+        HVX_Vector x0_hf = vx0[i];
+        HVX_Vector x1_hf = vx1[i];
+        HVX_Vector x2_hf = vx2[i];
+        HVX_Vector x3_hf = vx3[i];
+
+        rsum0_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum0_p, x0_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum1_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum1_p, x1_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum2_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum2_p, x2_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum3_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum3_p, x3_hf, y_hf);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        // Load x (fp16) and zero-out unused elements
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe * 2);
+        HVX_Vector     y_hf  = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, vy[i]);
+        HVX_Vector     x0_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, vx0[i]);
+        HVX_Vector     x1_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, vx1[i]);
+        HVX_Vector     x2_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, vx2[i]);
+        HVX_Vector     x3_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, vx3[i]);
+
+        rsum0_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum0_p, x0_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum1_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum1_p, x1_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum2_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum2_p, x2_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum3_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum3_p, x3_hf, y_hf);
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum0_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum0_p)));
+    HVX_Vector rsum1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum1_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum1_p)));
+    HVX_Vector rsum2 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum2_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum2_p)));
+    HVX_Vector rsum3 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum3_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum3_p)));
+
+    HVX_Vector_x4 rsum0123 = { .v = { rsum0, rsum1, rsum2, rsum3 } };
+    return hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x4(rsum0123);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_dot_f16_f16_aa_rx32(const void * restrict y,
+                                                 const uint8_t * restrict x,
+                                                 const size_t stride_x,
+                                                 const size_t n,
+                                                 float        s) {
+
+    const size_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16; // num full fp16 hvx vectors
+    const size_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16; // leftover elements
+
+    HVX_Vector   sums;  // initialize at j = 0
+    const size_t stride_x_4 = stride_x * 4;
+    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < VLEN_FP32; j += 4) {
+        HVX_Vector     sums_x4 = hvx_dot_f16_f16_aa_rx4(y, x, stride_x, nvec, nloe);
+        HVX_VectorPred pred    = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(j * SIZEOF_FP32);
+        sums                   = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred, sums, sums_x4);
+        x += stride_x_4;
+    }
+
+    sums = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(hvx_vec_splat_f32(s), sums);
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sums);
+}
+
+// MAD: y (F32) += x (F16) * s (F16)
+static inline void hvx_mad_f32_f16_aa(float * restrict y, const void * restrict x, const __fp16 * restrict s, int n) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx0 = (const HVX_Vector *) x;
+
+    HVX_VectorPair * restrict vy_p = (HVX_VectorPair *) y;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict vy = (HVX_Vector *) y;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16; // num full fp16 hvx vectors
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16; // leftover elements
+
+    HVX_Vector S0 = hvx_vec_splat_f16(*s);
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; ++i) {
+        vy_p[i] = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(vy_p[i], Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vx0[i]), S0);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_VectorPair xy_p = vy_p[i];
+        xy_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(xy_p, Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vx0[i]), S0);
+
+        HVX_Vector xy = Q6_V_lo_W(xy_p);
+        i = 2 * i;  // index for vy
+
+        if (nloe >= VLEN_FP32) {
+            vy[i] = xy;
+            nloe -= VLEN_FP32; ++i; xy = Q6_V_hi_W(xy_p);
+        }
+
+        if (nloe) {
+            hvx_vec_store_a(&vy[i], nloe * 4, xy);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MAD: y (F32) += x0 (F16) * s0 (F16) + x1 (F16) * s1 (F16)
+static inline void hvx_mad_f32_f16_aa_rx2(float * restrict y, const void * restrict x0, const void * restrict x1,
+                                          const __fp16 * restrict s0, const __fp16 * restrict s1, int n) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx0 = (const HVX_Vector *) x0;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vx1 = (const HVX_Vector *) x1;
+
+    HVX_VectorPair * restrict vy_p  = (HVX_VectorPair *) y;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict vy        = (HVX_Vector *) y;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16;  // num full fp16 hvx vectors
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16;  // leftover elements
+
+    HVX_Vector S0 = hvx_vec_splat_f16(*s0);
+    HVX_Vector S1 = hvx_vec_splat_f16(*s1);
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; ++i) {
+        vy_p[i] = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(vy_p[i], Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vx0[i]), S0);
+        vy_p[i] = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(vy_p[i], Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vx1[i]), S1);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_VectorPair xy_p = vy_p[i];
+        xy_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(xy_p, Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vx0[i]), S0);
+        xy_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(xy_p, Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vx1[i]), S1);
+
+        HVX_Vector xy = Q6_V_lo_W(xy_p);
+        i = 2 * i;  // index for vy
+
+        if (nloe >= VLEN_FP32) {
+            vy[i] = xy;
+            nloe -= VLEN_FP32; ++i; xy = Q6_V_hi_W(xy_p);
+        }
+
+        if (nloe) {
+            hvx_vec_store_a(&vy[i], nloe * 4, xy);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct htp_fa_context {
+    const struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+
+    struct fastdiv_values src0_div21;
+    struct fastdiv_values src0_div1;
+
+    struct fastdiv_values broadcast_rk2;
+    struct fastdiv_values broadcast_rk3;
+    struct fastdiv_values broadcast_rv2;
+    struct fastdiv_values broadcast_rv3;
+
+    struct fastdiv_values src3_div2;
+    struct fastdiv_values src3_div3;
+
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+    float logit_softcap;
+
+    uint32_t n_head_log2;
+    float m0;
+    float m1;
+
+    uint32_t n_blocks;
+
+    size_t size_q_row_padded;
+    size_t size_k_row_padded;
+    size_t size_v_row_padded;
+
+    size_t size_k_block;
+    size_t size_v_block;
+    size_t size_m_block;
+
+    uint32_t qrows;
+    uint32_t qrows_per_thread;
+
+    bool is_q_fp32;
+
+    uint64_t t_start;
+};
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_vec_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, HVX_Vector vs) {
+    assert((size_t) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((size_t) src % 128 == 0);
+
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vsrc = (const HVX_Vector * restrict) src;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict vdst       = (HVX_Vector * restrict) dst;
+
+    const uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP32;
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP32;
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (; i < nvec; ++i) {
+        vdst[i] = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(vsrc[i], vs));
+    }
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(vsrc[i], vs);
+        hvx_vec_store_a(&vdst[i], nloe * sizeof(float), Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v));
+    }
+}
+
+static void flash_attn_ext_f16_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_fa_context * factx = (struct htp_fa_context *) data;
+    const struct htp_ops_context * octx = factx->octx;
+    const struct htp_tensor * q = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * k = &octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * v = &octx->src2;
+    const struct htp_tensor * mask  = (octx->src3.data) ? &octx->src3 : NULL;
+    const struct htp_tensor * sinks = (octx->src4.data) ? &octx->src4 : NULL;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst = &octx->dst;
+
+    const uint32_t neq0 = q->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t neq1 = q->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t neq2 = q->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t neq3 = q->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nek0 = k->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t nek1 = k->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t nek2 = k->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t nek3 = k->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nev0 = v->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t nev1 = v->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t nev2 = v->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t nev3 = v->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nbq1 = q->nb[1];
+    const uint32_t nbq2 = q->nb[2];
+    const uint32_t nbq3 = q->nb[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nbk1 = k->nb[1];
+    const uint32_t nbk2 = k->nb[2];
+    const uint32_t nbk3 = k->nb[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nbv1 = v->nb[1];
+    const uint32_t nbv2 = v->nb[2];
+    const uint32_t nbv3 = v->nb[3];
+
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    // total rows in q
+    const uint32_t nr = factx->qrows;
+    const uint32_t dr = factx->qrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    if (ir0 >= ir1) return;
+
+    dma_queue * dma = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    const uint32_t DK = nek0;
+    const uint32_t DV = nev0;
+
+    const size_t size_q_row = DK * ((q->type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? 4 : 2);
+    const size_t size_k_row = DK * sizeof(__fp16);
+    const size_t size_v_row = DV * sizeof(__fp16);
+
+    // Scratchpad buffers for Q, K, V, Mask, and VKQ32 accumulator
+    uint8_t * spad_q = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * spad_k = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * spad_v = octx->src2_spad.data + octx->src2_spad.size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * spad_m = octx->src3_spad.data + octx->src3_spad.size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * spad_a = octx->dst_spad.data  + octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  * ith;
+
+    const HVX_Vector logit_cap = hvx_vec_splat_f32(factx->logit_softcap);
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+        const uint32_t iq3 = fastdiv(ir, &factx->src0_div21);
+        const uint32_t iq2 = fastdiv(ir - iq3*neq2*neq1, &factx->src0_div1);
+        const uint32_t iq1 = (ir - iq3*neq2*neq1 - iq2 * neq1);
+
+        const uint32_t ik3 = fastdiv(iq3, &factx->broadcast_rk3);
+        const uint32_t ik2 = fastdiv(iq2, &factx->broadcast_rk2);
+
+        const uint32_t iv3 = fastdiv(iq3, &factx->broadcast_rv3);
+        const uint32_t iv2 = fastdiv(iq2, &factx->broadcast_rv2);
+
+        // Fetch Q row
+        const uint8_t * q_row_ptr = (const uint8_t *) q->data + (iq1*nbq1 + iq2*nbq2 + iq3*nbq3);
+        dma_queue_push(dma, dma_make_ptr(spad_q, q_row_ptr), factx->size_q_row_padded, nbq1, size_q_row, 1);
+
+        // FARF(HIGH, "fa %u: prefetch Q: ir %u iq1 %u iq2 %u iq3 %u q_row_ptr %p size %u : usec %u", ith, ir, iq1, iq2, iq3, q_row_ptr, size_q_row,
+        //                 (unsigned)HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - factx->t_start));
+
+        const __fp16 * mp_base = NULL;
+        if (mask) {
+            const uint32_t im2 = fastmodulo(iq2, mask->ne[2], &factx->src3_div2);
+            const uint32_t im3 = fastmodulo(iq3, mask->ne[3], &factx->src3_div3);
+            mp_base = (const __fp16 *) ((const uint8_t *) mask->data + iq1*mask->nb[1] + im2*mask->nb[2] + im3*mask->nb[3]);
+        }
+
+        // Prefetch first two blocks
+        for (uint32_t ib = 0; ib < MIN(factx->n_blocks, 2); ++ib) {
+            const uint32_t ic_start = ib * FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE;
+            const uint32_t current_block_size = MIN(FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE, nek1 - ic_start);
+
+            // K
+            const uint8_t * k_src = (const uint8_t *) k->data + (ic_start*nbk1 + ik2*nbk2 + ik3*nbk3);
+            uint8_t * k_dst = spad_k + (ib % 2) * factx->size_k_block;
+            dma_queue_push(dma, dma_make_ptr(k_dst, k_src), factx->size_k_row_padded, nbk1, size_k_row, current_block_size);
+
+            // V
+            const uint8_t * v_src = (const uint8_t *) v->data + (ic_start*nbv1 + iv2*nbv2 + iv3*nbv3);
+            uint8_t * v_dst = spad_v + (ib % 2) * factx->size_v_block;
+            dma_queue_push(dma, dma_make_ptr(v_dst, v_src), factx->size_v_row_padded, nbv1, size_v_row, current_block_size);
+
+            // Mask
+            if (mask) {
+                const uint8_t * m_src = (const uint8_t *) (mp_base + ic_start);
+                uint8_t * m_dst = spad_m + (ib % 2) * factx->size_m_block;
+                // Mask is 1D contiguous for this row
+                dma_queue_push(dma, dma_make_ptr(m_dst, m_src), current_block_size * 2, current_block_size * 2, current_block_size * 2, 1);
+            }
+
+            // FARF(HIGH, "fa %u: prefetch KVM: ir %u ib %u iq1 %u iq2 %u iq3 %u : size_k_row %u size_v_row %u bs %u: usec %u",
+            //             ith, ir, ib, iq1, iq2, iq3,
+            //             size_k_row, size_v_row, current_block_size,
+            //             (unsigned)HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - factx->t_start));
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t h = iq2; // head index
+        const float slope = (factx->max_bias > 0.0f) ? (h < factx->n_head_log2 ? powf(factx->m0, h + 1) : powf(factx->m1, 2*(h - factx->n_head_log2) + 1)) : 1.0f;
+
+        HVX_Vector S_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(0.0f);
+        HVX_Vector M_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(-INFINITY);
+
+        // Clear accumulator
+        hvx_splat_f32_a(spad_a, 0, DV);
+        float * VKQ32 = (float *) (spad_a + 0);
+
+        uint8_t * q_ptr_vtcm = dma_queue_pop(dma).dst;
+        if (factx->is_q_fp32) {
+            hvx_copy_f16_f32_aa(q_ptr_vtcm, q_ptr_vtcm, DK);  // inplace convert f32 to f16
+        }
+
+        const HVX_Vector slope_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f16(slope);
+        for (uint32_t ib = 0; ib < factx->n_blocks; ++ib) {
+            const uint32_t ic_start = ib * FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE;
+            const uint32_t current_block_size = MIN(FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE, nek1 - ic_start);
+
+            // Wait for DMA
+            uint8_t * k_base = dma_queue_pop(dma).dst; // K
+            uint8_t * v_base = dma_queue_pop(dma).dst; // V
+            __fp16  * m_base = mask ? dma_queue_pop(dma).dst : NULL; // M
+
+            // FARF(HIGH, "fa %u: process: ir %u ib %u : iq1 %u iq2 %u iq3 %u q_ptr_vtcm %p : usec %u",
+            //              ith, ir, ib, iq1, iq2, iq3, q_ptr_vtcm,
+            //             (unsigned)HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - factx->t_start));
+
+            // Inner loop processing the block from VTCM
+            uint32_t ic = 0;
+
+            // Process in sub-blocks of 32 (VLEN_FP32)
+            HVX_Vector sb_scores[FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE / VLEN_FP32];
+            HVX_Vector v_max = hvx_vec_splat_f32(-INFINITY);
+            for (uint32_t iv = 0; ic + VLEN_FP32 <= current_block_size; ic += VLEN_FP32, ++iv) {
+                // 1. Compute scores
+                HVX_Vector scores = hvx_dot_f16_f16_aa_rx32(q_ptr_vtcm, k_base + ic * factx->size_k_row_padded, factx->size_k_row_padded, DK, factx->scale);
+
+                // 2. Softcap
+                if (factx->logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+                    scores = hvx_vec_tanh_f32(scores);
+                    scores = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(scores, logit_cap);
+                    scores = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(scores);
+                }
+
+                // 3. Mask
+                if (mask) {
+                    const __fp16 * mp = m_base + ic;
+                    HVX_Vector m_vals_f16 = *(const HVX_UVector *) mp;
+                    HVX_VectorPair m_vals_f32_pair = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(m_vals_f16), slope_vec);
+                    HVX_Vector add_val = Q6_V_lo_W(m_vals_f32_pair);
+                    scores = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(add_val, scores);
+                    scores = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(scores);
+                }
+
+                sb_scores[iv] = scores;
+                v_max = hvx_vec_reduce_max2_f32(scores, v_max); // All lanes have block max
+            }
+
+            {
+                // 4. Online Softmax Update
+                HVX_Vector M_new_vec = Q6_Vsf_vmax_VsfVsf(v_max, M_vec);
+                HVX_Vector diff_vec  = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(M_vec, M_new_vec));
+                HVX_Vector ms_vec    = hvx_vec_exp_f32(diff_vec);
+                M_vec = M_new_vec;
+
+                hvx_scale_vec_f32_aa((uint8_t *) VKQ32, (const uint8_t *) VKQ32, DV, ms_vec);
+
+                HVX_Vector p_sum_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(0.0f);
+                for (uint32_t ic2 = 0, iv = 0; ic2 + VLEN_FP32 <= current_block_size; ic2 += VLEN_FP32, ++iv) {
+                    HVX_Vector scores = sb_scores[iv];
+                    HVX_Vector scores_shifted = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(scores, M_vec);
+                    HVX_Vector P = hvx_vec_exp_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(scores_shifted));
+
+                    p_sum_vec = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(p_sum_vec, P));
+
+                    // 5. Accumulate V
+                    __fp16 __attribute__((aligned(VLEN))) p_arr[VLEN_FP16];
+                    hvx_vec_f32_to_f16_a(p_arr, P, hvx_vec_splat_f32(0));
+
+                    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < VLEN_FP32; j += 2) {
+                        const uint32_t  cur_ic = ic2 + j;
+                        const uint8_t * v_ptr  = v_base + cur_ic * factx->size_v_row_padded;
+                        hvx_mad_f32_f16_aa_rx2(VKQ32, v_ptr, v_ptr + factx->size_v_row_padded, (p_arr + j), (p_arr + j + 1), DV);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                p_sum_vec = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(p_sum_vec);
+                S_vec = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(S_vec, ms_vec)), p_sum_vec));
+            }
+
+            if (ic < current_block_size) {
+                // Sync scalars for leftover/next block if needed
+                float M = hvx_vec_get_f32(M_vec);
+                float S = hvx_vec_get_f32(S_vec);
+
+                // Leftover
+                for (; ic < current_block_size; ++ic) {
+                    float s_val;
+                    const uint8_t * k_ptr = k_base + ic * factx->size_k_row_padded;
+                    hvx_dot_f16_f16_aa(&s_val, q_ptr_vtcm, k_ptr, DK, factx->scale);
+                    if (factx->logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+                        s_val = factx->logit_softcap * tanhf(s_val);
+                    }
+
+                    if (mask) {
+                        const float m_val = m_base[ic];
+                        s_val += slope * m_val;
+                    }
+
+                    const float Mold = M;
+                    __fp16 vs = 1.0f;
+
+                    if (s_val > M) {
+                        M = s_val;
+                        HVX_Vector diff_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(Mold - M);
+                        HVX_Vector ms_vec   = hvx_vec_exp_f32(diff_vec);
+                        hvx_scale_vec_f32_aa((uint8_t *) VKQ32, (const uint8_t *) VKQ32, DV, ms_vec);
+
+                        float ms = hvx_vec_get_f32(ms_vec);
+                        S = S * ms + vs;
+                    } else {
+                        HVX_Vector diff_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(s_val - M);
+                        vs = hvx_vec_get_f32(hvx_vec_exp_f32(diff_vec));
+                        S += vs;
+                    }
+
+                    const uint8_t * v_ptr = v_base + ic * factx->size_v_row_padded;
+
+                    hvx_mad_f32_f16_aa(VKQ32, v_ptr, &vs, DV);
+                }
+
+                M_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(M);
+                S_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(S);
+            }
+
+            // Issue DMA for next+1 block (if exists)
+            if (ib + 2 < factx->n_blocks) {
+                const uint32_t next_ib = ib + 2;
+                const uint32_t next_ic_start = next_ib * FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE;
+                const uint32_t next_block_size = MIN(FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE, nek1 - next_ic_start);
+
+                // K
+                const uint8_t * k_src = (const uint8_t *) k->data + (next_ic_start*nbk1 + ik2*nbk2 + ik3*nbk3);
+                dma_queue_push(dma, dma_make_ptr(k_base, k_src), factx->size_k_row_padded, nbk1, size_k_row, next_block_size);
+
+                // V
+                const uint8_t * v_src = (const uint8_t *) v->data + (next_ic_start*nbv1 + iv2*nbv2 + iv3*nbv3);
+                dma_queue_push(dma, dma_make_ptr(v_base, v_src), factx->size_v_row_padded, nbv1, size_v_row, next_block_size);
+
+                // Mask
+                if (mask) {
+                    const uint8_t * m_src = (const uint8_t *) (mp_base + next_ic_start);
+                    dma_queue_push(dma, dma_make_ptr(m_base, m_src), next_block_size * 2, next_block_size * 2, next_block_size * 2, 1);
+                }
+
+                // FARF(HIGH, "fa %u: prefetch KVM: ir %u ib %u : iq1 %u iq2 %u iq3 %u : size_k_row %u size_v_row %u bs %u: usec %u",
+                //         ith, ir, next_ib, iq1, iq2, iq3,
+                //         size_k_row, size_v_row, next_block_size,
+                //         (unsigned)HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - factx->t_start));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // sinks
+        float M = hvx_vec_get_f32(M_vec);
+        float S = hvx_vec_get_f32(S_vec);
+
+        if (sinks) {
+            const float s = ((float *)((char *) sinks->data))[h];
+
+            float vs = 1.0f;
+
+            if (s > M) {
+                HVX_Vector diff_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(M - s);
+                HVX_Vector ms_vec   = hvx_vec_exp_f32(diff_vec);
+                hvx_scale_vec_f32_aa((uint8_t *) VKQ32, (const uint8_t *) VKQ32, DV, ms_vec);
+
+                float ms = hvx_vec_get_f32(ms_vec);
+                S = S * ms + vs;
+            } else {
+                HVX_Vector diff_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(s - M);
+                vs = hvx_vec_get_f32(hvx_vec_exp_f32(diff_vec));
+                S += vs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const float S_inv = S == 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f/S;
+        hvx_scale_f32_aa((uint8_t *) VKQ32, (const uint8_t *) VKQ32, DV, S_inv);
+
+        // Store result
+        // dst indices
+        const int i1 = iq1;
+        const int i2 = iq2;
+        const int i3 = iq3;
+
+        // dst is permuted
+        uint8_t * dst_ptr = (uint8_t *) dst->data + (i3*ne2*ne1 + i2 + i1*ne1) * nb1;
+
+        if (dst->type == HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+            hvx_copy_f32_ua(dst_ptr, (uint8_t *) VKQ32, DV);
+        } else if (dst->type == HTP_TYPE_F16) {
+            hvx_copy_f16_f32_ua(dst_ptr, (uint8_t *) VKQ32, DV);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int op_flash_attn_ext(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    const struct htp_tensor * q = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * k = &octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * v = &octx->src2;
+    const struct htp_tensor * mask = (octx->src3.data) ? &octx->src3 : NULL;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst = &octx->dst;
+
+    // Check support
+    if ((q->type != HTP_TYPE_F16 && q->type != HTP_TYPE_F32) || k->type != HTP_TYPE_F16 || v->type != HTP_TYPE_F16) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    struct htp_fa_context factx;
+    factx.octx = octx;
+
+    factx.t_start = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    factx.src0_div21 = init_fastdiv_values(q->ne[2] * q->ne[1]);
+    factx.src0_div1  = init_fastdiv_values(q->ne[1]);
+
+    factx.broadcast_rk2 = init_fastdiv_values(q->ne[2]/k->ne[2]);
+    factx.broadcast_rk3 = init_fastdiv_values(q->ne[3]/k->ne[3]);
+    factx.broadcast_rv2 = init_fastdiv_values(q->ne[2]/v->ne[2]);
+    factx.broadcast_rv3 = init_fastdiv_values(q->ne[3]/v->ne[3]);
+
+    if (mask) {
+        factx.src3_div2 = init_fastdiv_values(mask->ne[2]);
+        factx.src3_div3 = init_fastdiv_values(mask->ne[3]);
+    }
+
+    factx.is_q_fp32 = (q->type == HTP_TYPE_F32);
+    factx.size_q_row_padded = hex_round_up(q->ne[0] * (factx.is_q_fp32 ? 4 : 2), 128);
+    factx.size_k_row_padded = hex_round_up(k->ne[0] * sizeof(__fp16), 128);
+    factx.size_v_row_padded = hex_round_up(v->ne[0] * sizeof(__fp16), 128);
+
+    size_t size_q_block = factx.size_q_row_padded * 1; // single row for now
+    factx.size_k_block = factx.size_k_row_padded * FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    factx.size_v_block = factx.size_v_row_padded * FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    factx.size_m_block = hex_round_up(FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE * sizeof(__fp16), 128);
+
+    factx.n_blocks = (k->ne[1] + FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / FLASH_ATTN_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    float scale         = 1.0f;
+    float max_bias      = 0.0f;
+    float logit_softcap = 0.0f;
+
+    memcpy(&scale,         (float *) octx->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias,      (float *) octx->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (float *) octx->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+        scale /= logit_softcap;
+    }
+
+    factx.scale = scale;
+    factx.max_bias = max_bias;
+    factx.logit_softcap = logit_softcap;
+
+    uint32_t n_head = q->ne[2];
+    factx.n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floor(log2(n_head));
+    factx.m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / factx.n_head_log2);
+    factx.m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / factx.n_head_log2);
+
+    // total rows in q
+    const uint32_t neq0 = q->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t neq1 = q->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t neq2 = q->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t neq3 = q->ne[3];
+
+    factx.qrows = neq1*neq2*neq3;
+    factx.qrows_per_thread = (factx.qrows + octx->n_threads - 1) / octx->n_threads;
+
+    size_t size_vkq_acc = hex_round_up(v->ne[0] * sizeof(float), 128); // VKQ32
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = size_q_block * 1;
+    octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = factx.size_k_block * 2;
+    octx->src2_spad.size_per_thread = factx.size_v_block * 2;
+    octx->src3_spad.size_per_thread = mask ? factx.size_m_block * 2 : 0;
+    octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = size_vkq_acc;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+    octx->src1_spad.size = octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+    octx->src2_spad.size = octx->src2_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+    octx->src3_spad.size = octx->src3_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  * octx->n_threads;
+
+    size_t total_spad = octx->src0_spad.size + octx->src1_spad.size + octx->src2_spad.size + octx->src3_spad.size + octx->dst_spad.size;
+
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < total_spad) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src1_spad.data = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+    octx->src2_spad.data = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size;
+    octx->src3_spad.data = octx->src2_spad.data + octx->src2_spad.size;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src3_spad.data + octx->src3_spad.size;
+
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, flash_attn_ext_f16_thread, &factx, octx->n_threads);
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/get-rows-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/get-rows-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..047d2850aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/get-rows-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+struct get_rows_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    uint32_t src1_nrows_per_thread;
+    struct fastdiv_values get_rows_div_ne10;
+    struct fastdiv_values get_rows_div_ne10_ne11;
+};
+
+#define get_rows_preamble \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = octx->src0.ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = octx->src0.ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = octx->src0.ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = octx->src0.ne[3]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t ne10 = octx->src1.ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne11 = octx->src1.ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne12 = octx->src1.ne[2]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = octx->src0.nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = octx->src0.nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = octx->src0.nb[3]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nb10 = octx->src1.nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb11 = octx->src1.nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb12 = octx->src1.nb[2]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = octx->dst.nb[1];   \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = octx->dst.nb[2];   \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = octx->dst.nb[3];   \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nr = ne10 * ne11 * ne12;
+
+static void get_rows_thread_f32_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void *data) {
+    struct get_rows_context * grctx = (struct get_rows_context *)data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = grctx->octx;
+    get_rows_preamble;
+
+    // parallelize by src1 elements (which correspond to dst rows)
+    const uint32_t dr  = grctx->src1_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = (ir0 + dr < nr) ? (ir0 + dr) : nr;
+
+    const bool is_i32 = (octx->src1.type == HTP_TYPE_I32);
+
+    for (uint32_t i = ir0; i < ir1; ++i) {
+        const uint32_t i12 = fastdiv(i, &grctx->get_rows_div_ne10_ne11);
+        const uint32_t rem = i - i12 * ne11 * ne10;
+        const uint32_t i11 = fastdiv(rem, &grctx->get_rows_div_ne10);
+        const uint32_t i10 = rem - i11 * ne10;
+
+        const uintptr_t src1_addr = octx->src1.data + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
+
+        uint32_t i01 = is_i32 ? *(int32_t *)src1_addr : *(int64_t *)src1_addr;
+
+        if (i01 >= ne01) {
+            // invalid index, skip for now to avoid crash
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const uintptr_t src0_ptr = octx->src0.data + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03;
+        const uintptr_t dst_ptr  = octx->dst.data  + i10*nb1  + i11*nb2  + i12*nb3;
+        hvx_copy_f32_uu((uint8_t *)dst_ptr, (const uint8_t *)src0_ptr, ne00);
+    }
+}
+
+int op_get_rows(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    get_rows_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(nr, octx->n_threads);
+
+    if (octx->src0.type != HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->dst.type != HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->src1.type != HTP_TYPE_I32 && octx->src1.type != HTP_TYPE_I64) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    struct get_rows_context grctx;
+    grctx.octx = octx;
+    grctx.get_rows_div_ne10      = init_fastdiv_values(octx->src1.ne[0]);
+    grctx.get_rows_div_ne10_ne11 = init_fastdiv_values(octx->src1.ne[0] * octx->src1.ne[1]);
+
+    grctx.src1_nrows_per_thread = (nr + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+
+    worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, get_rows_thread_f32_f32, &grctx, n_threads);
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dma.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dma.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44e1be40c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dma.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+
+static inline uint32_t pow2_ceil(uint32_t x) {
+    if (x <= 1) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int p = 2;
+    x--;
+    while (x >>= 1) {
+        p <<= 1;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+dma_queue * dma_queue_create(size_t capacity) {
+    dma_queue * q = (dma_queue *) memalign(32, sizeof(dma_queue));
+    if (q == NULL) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "%s: failed to allocate DMA queue\n", __FUNCTION__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    capacity = pow2_ceil(capacity);
+
+    memset(q, 0, sizeof(dma_queue));
+    q->capacity = capacity;
+    q->idx_mask = capacity - 1;
+
+    q->desc = (hexagon_udma_descriptor_type1_t *) memalign(64, capacity * sizeof(hexagon_udma_descriptor_type1_t));
+    memset(q->desc, 0, capacity * sizeof(hexagon_udma_descriptor_type1_t));
+
+    q->dptr = (dma_ptr *) memalign(4, capacity * sizeof(dma_ptr));
+    memset(q->dptr, 0, capacity * sizeof(dma_ptr));
+
+    q->tail = &q->desc[capacity - 1];
+
+    if (!q->desc && !q->dptr) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "%s: failed to allocate DMA queue items\n", __FUNCTION__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "dma-queue: capacity %u\n", capacity);
+
+    return q;
+}
+
+void dma_queue_delete(dma_queue * q) {
+    if (!q) {
+        return;
+    }
+    free(q->desc);
+    free(q->dptr);
+    free(q);
+}
+
+void dma_queue_flush(dma_queue * q) {
+    while (dma_queue_pop(q).dst != NULL) ;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dma.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dma.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..350ab9d966f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dma.h
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#ifndef HTP_DMA_H
+#define HTP_DMA_H
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <hexagon_types.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+    void *dst;
+    const void *src;
+} dma_ptr;
+
+typedef struct {
+    hexagon_udma_descriptor_type1_t * desc;  // descriptor pointers
+    hexagon_udma_descriptor_type1_t * tail;  // tail pointer
+    dma_ptr                         * dptr;  // dst/src pointers
+    uint32_t                          push_idx;
+    uint32_t                          pop_idx;
+    uint32_t                          capacity;
+    uint32_t                          idx_mask;
+} dma_queue;
+
+dma_queue * dma_queue_create(size_t capacity);
+void        dma_queue_delete(dma_queue * q);
+void        dma_queue_flush(dma_queue * q);
+
+// TODO: technically we don't need these and could use Q6_dmstart/wait/etc instead
+// but those do not seem to always compiler properly.
+static inline void dmstart(void * next) {
+    asm volatile(" release(%0):at" : : "r"(next));
+    asm volatile(" dmstart(%0)" : : "r"(next));
+}
+
+static inline void dmlink(void * cur, void * next) {
+    asm volatile(" release(%0):at" : : "r"(next));
+    asm volatile(" dmlink(%0, %1)" : : "r"(cur), "r"(next));
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int dmpoll(void) {
+    unsigned int ret = 0;
+    asm volatile(" %0 = dmpoll" : "=r"(ret) : : "memory");
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int dmwait(void) {
+    unsigned int ret = 0;
+    asm volatile(" %0 = dmwait" : "=r"(ret) : : "memory");
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline dma_ptr dma_make_ptr(void *dst, const void *src)
+{
+    dma_ptr p = { dst, src };
+    return p;
+}
+
+static inline bool dma_queue_push(dma_queue * q,
+                                  dma_ptr     dptr,
+                                  size_t      dst_row_size,
+                                  size_t      src_row_size,
+                                  size_t      width, // width in bytes. number of bytes to transfer per row
+                                  size_t      nrows) {
+    if (((q->push_idx + 1) & q->idx_mask) == q->pop_idx) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "dma-push: queue full\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    hexagon_udma_descriptor_type1_t * desc = &q->desc[q->push_idx];
+
+    desc->next           = NULL;
+    desc->length         = 0;
+    desc->desctype       = HEXAGON_UDMA_DESC_DESCTYPE_TYPE1;
+    desc->dstbypass      = 1;
+    desc->srcbypass      = 1;
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ >= 73
+    desc->dstbypass      = 1;
+    desc->srcbypass      = 1;
+#else
+    desc->dstbypass      = 0;
+    desc->srcbypass      = 1;
+#endif
+    desc->order          = 0;
+    desc->dstate         = HEXAGON_UDMA_DESC_DSTATE_INCOMPLETE;
+    desc->src            = (void *) dptr.src;
+    desc->dst            = (void *) dptr.dst;
+    desc->allocation     = 0;
+    desc->padding        = 0;
+    desc->roiwidth       = width;
+    desc->roiheight      = nrows;
+    desc->srcstride      = src_row_size;
+    desc->dststride      = dst_row_size;
+    desc->srcwidthoffset = 0;
+    desc->dstwidthoffset = 0;
+
+    q->dptr[q->push_idx] = dptr;
+
+    dmlink(q->tail, desc);
+    q->tail = desc;
+
+    // FARF(ERROR, "dma-push: i %u width %u nrows %d dst %p src %p\n", q->push_idx, width, nrows, dptr.dst, dptr.src);
+    q->push_idx = (q->push_idx + 1) & q->idx_mask;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue * q,
+                                              dma_ptr     dptr,
+                                              size_t      dst_row_size,
+                                              size_t      src_row_size,
+                                              size_t      nrows) {
+    return dma_queue_push(q, dptr, dst_row_size, src_row_size, src_row_size, nrows);
+}
+
+
+static inline bool dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue * q,
+                                              dma_ptr     dptr,
+                                              size_t      dst_row_size,
+                                              size_t      src_row_size,
+                                              size_t      nrows) {
+    return dma_queue_push(q, dptr, dst_row_size, src_row_size, dst_row_size, nrows);
+}
+
+static inline dma_ptr dma_queue_pop(dma_queue * q) {
+    dma_ptr dptr  = { NULL };
+
+    if (q->push_idx == q->pop_idx) {
+        return dptr;
+    }
+
+    hexagon_udma_descriptor_type1_t * desc = &q->desc[q->pop_idx];
+
+    // Wait for desc to complete
+    while (1) {
+        dmpoll();
+        if (desc->dstate == HEXAGON_UDMA_DESC_DSTATE_COMPLETE) {
+            break;
+        }
+        // FARF(ERROR, "dma-pop: waiting for DMA : %u\n", q->pop_idx);
+    }
+
+    dptr = q->dptr[q->pop_idx];
+
+    // FARF(ERROR, "dma-pop: i %u dst %p src %p\n", q->pop_idx, dptr.dst, dptr.src);
+    q->pop_idx = (q->pop_idx + 1) & q->idx_mask;
+    return dptr;
+}
+
+static inline dma_ptr dma_queue_pop_nowait(dma_queue * q) {
+    dma_ptr dptr  = { NULL };
+
+    if (q->push_idx == q->pop_idx) {
+        return dptr;
+    }
+
+    dptr = q->dptr[q->pop_idx];
+
+    // FARF(ERROR, "dma-pop-nowait: i %u dst %p src %p\n", q->pop_idx, dptr.dst, dptr.src);
+    q->pop_idx = (q->pop_idx + 1) & q->idx_mask;
+    return dptr;
+}
+
+static inline bool dma_queue_empty(dma_queue * q) {
+    return q->push_idx == q->pop_idx;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t dma_queue_depth(dma_queue * q) {
+    return (q->push_idx - q->pop_idx) & q->idx_mask;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t dma_queue_capacity(dma_queue * q) {
+    return q->capacity;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#endif /* HTP_DMA_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dump.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dump.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e3badb57f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-dump.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#ifndef HEX_DUMP_H
+#define HEX_DUMP_H
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+
+static inline void hex_dump_int8_line(char * pref, const int8_t * x, int n) {
+    char str[1024], *p = str, *p_end = str + sizeof(str);
+    p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%s: ", pref);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n && p < p_end; i++) {
+        p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%d, ", x[i]);
+    }
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s\n", str);
+}
+
+static inline void hex_dump_uint8_line(char * pref, const uint8_t * x, uint32_t n) {
+    char str[1024], *p = str, *p_end = str + sizeof(str);
+    p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%s: ", pref);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n && p < p_end; i++) {
+        p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%d, ", x[i]);
+    }
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s\n", str);
+}
+
+static inline void hex_dump_int32_line(char * pref, const int32_t * x, uint32_t n) {
+    char str[1024], *p = str, *p_end = str + sizeof(str);
+    p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%s: ", pref);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%d, ", (int) x[i]);
+    }
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s\n", str);
+}
+
+static inline void hex_dump_f16_line(char * pref, const __fp16 * x, uint32_t n) {
+    char str[1024], *p = str, *p_end = str + sizeof(str);
+    p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%s: ", pref);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%.6f, ", (float) x[i]);
+    }
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s\n", str);
+}
+
+static inline void hex_dump_f32_line(char * pref, const float * x, uint32_t n) {
+    char str[1024], *p = str, *p_end = str + sizeof(str);
+    p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%s: ", pref);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        p += snprintf(p, p_end - p, "%.6f, ", x[i]);
+    }
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s\n", str);
+}
+
+static inline void hex_dump_f32(char * pref, const float * x, uint32_t n) {
+    uint32_t n0 = n / 16;
+    uint32_t n1 = n % 16;
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < n0; i++) {
+        hex_dump_f32_line(pref, x + (16 * i), 16);
+    }
+    if (n1) {
+        hex_dump_f32_line(pref, x + (16 * i), n1);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void hex_dump_f16(char * pref, const __fp16 * x, uint32_t n) {
+    uint32_t n0 = n / 16;
+    uint32_t n1 = n % 16;
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < n0; i++) {
+        hex_dump_f16_line(pref, x + (16 * i), 16);
+    }
+    if (n1) {
+        hex_dump_f16_line(pref, x + (16 * i), n1);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* HEX_DUMP_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-fastdiv.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-fastdiv.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7b5867593f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-fastdiv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef HEX_FASTDIV_H
+#define HEX_FASTDIV_H
+
+// See https://gmplib.org/~tege/divcnst-pldi94.pdf figure 4.1.
+// Precompute mp (m' in the paper) and L such that division
+// can be computed using a multiply (high 32b of 64b result)
+// and a shift:
+//
+// n/d = (mulhi(n, mp) + n) >> L;
+struct fastdiv_values {
+    uint32_t mp;
+    uint32_t l;
+};
+
+static inline struct fastdiv_values init_fastdiv_values(uint32_t d) {
+    struct fastdiv_values result = { 0, 0 };
+    // compute L = ceil(log2(d));
+    while (result.l < 32 && ((uint32_t) 1 << result.l) < d) {
+        ++(result.l);
+    }
+
+    result.mp = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) 1 << 32) * (((uint64_t) 1 << result.l) - d) / d + 1);
+    return result;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t fastdiv(uint32_t n, const struct fastdiv_values * vals) {
+    // Compute high 32 bits of n * mp
+    const uint32_t hi = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) n * vals->mp) >> 32);  // mulhi(n, mp)
+    // add n, apply bit shift
+    return (hi + n) >> vals->l;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t fastmodulo(uint32_t n, uint32_t d, const struct fastdiv_values * vals) {
+    return n - fastdiv(n, vals) * d;
+}
+
+#endif /* HEX_FASTDIV_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-utils.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb8a25a3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#ifndef HEX_UTILS_H
+#define HEX_UTILS_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hexagon_types.h"
+
+#include "hex-fastdiv.h"
+#include "hex-dump.h"
+
+#ifndef MAX
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MIN
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+static inline uint64_t hex_get_cycles() {
+    uint64_t cycles = 0;
+    asm volatile(" %0 = c15:14\n" : "=r"(cycles));
+    return cycles;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t hex_get_pktcnt() {
+    uint64_t pktcnt;
+    asm volatile(" %0 = c19:18\n" : "=r"(pktcnt));
+    return pktcnt;
+}
+
+static inline int32_t hex_is_aligned(void * addr, uint32_t align) {
+    return ((size_t) addr & (align - 1)) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline int32_t hex_is_one_chunk(void * addr, uint32_t n, uint32_t chunk_size) {
+    uint32_t left_off  = (size_t) addr & (chunk_size - 1);
+    uint32_t right_off = left_off + n;
+    return right_off <= chunk_size;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t hex_round_up(uint32_t n, uint32_t m) {
+    return m * ((n + m - 1) / m);
+}
+
+static inline void hex_l2fetch(const void * p, uint32_t width, uint32_t stride, uint32_t height) {
+    const uint64_t control = Q6_P_combine_RR(stride, Q6_R_combine_RlRl(width, height));
+    Q6_l2fetch_AP((void *) p, control);
+}
+
+#endif /* HEX_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ctx.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ctx.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a707d98239c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ctx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef HTP_CTX_H
+#define HTP_CTX_H
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "worker-pool.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <dspqueue.h>
+#include <stdatomic.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define HTP_MAX_NTHREADS 10
+
+// Main context for htp DSP backend
+struct htp_context {
+    dspqueue_t            queue;
+    dma_queue *           dma[HTP_MAX_NTHREADS];
+    worker_pool_context_t worker_pool;
+    uint32_t              n_threads;
+
+    int thread_id;
+    int thread_prio;
+
+    uint8_t * vtcm_base;
+    size_t    vtcm_size;
+    uint32_t  vtcm_rctx;
+
+    atomic_bool vtcm_valid;
+    atomic_bool vtcm_inuse;
+    atomic_bool vtcm_needs_release;
+
+    uint32_t opmask;
+};
+
+#endif /* HTP_CTX_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-msg.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-msg.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..52dcc36d8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-msg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#ifndef HTP_MSG_H
+#define HTP_MSG_H
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+// ggml-common.h must be included prio to this header
+
+// Mask to enable various stages of the Ops.
+// Used for debugging and profiling.
+enum {
+    HTP_OPMASK_QUEUE    = (1 << 0),  // Enable Queueing (ie calls into the DSP)
+    HTP_OPMASK_QUANTIZE = (1 << 1),  // Enable Quantize
+    HTP_OPMASK_COMPUTE  = (1 << 2),  // Enable Compute
+};
+
+// Op flags
+enum {
+    HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_QUANTIZE = (1 << 0),  // Skip dynamic quantization (reuse quantized tensors)
+    HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE  = (1 << 1),  // Skip actual computation (used for profiling)
+    HTP_OPFLAGS_EARLY_WAKEUP  = (1 << 2)   // Send early wakeup notification
+};
+
+enum htp_status {
+    HTP_STATUS_OK             = 1,
+    HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR   = 2,
+    HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT     = 3,
+    HTP_STATUS_INVAL_PARAMS   = 4,
+    HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL = 5,
+};
+
+// The values must match the ggml_type.
+// Duplicated here because we can't include full ggml.h in the htp build.
+// We have some static_asserts in the cpp code to ensure things are in sync.
+enum htp_data_type {
+    HTP_TYPE_F32   = 0,
+    HTP_TYPE_F16   = 1,
+    HTP_TYPE_Q4_0  = 2,
+    HTP_TYPE_Q8_0  = 8,
+    HTP_TYPE_I32   = 26,
+    HTP_TYPE_I64   = 27,
+    HTP_TYPE_MXFP4 = 39,
+    HTP_TYPE_COUNT
+};
+
+// Do not reorder first 4 (used as an index)
+enum htp_op {
+    HTP_OP_MUL = 0,
+    HTP_OP_ADD = 1,
+    HTP_OP_SUB = 2,
+    HTP_OP_DIV = 3,
+    HTP_OP_MUL_MAT,
+    HTP_OP_MUL_MAT_ID,
+    HTP_OP_RMS_NORM,
+    HTP_OP_UNARY_SILU,
+    HTP_OP_UNARY_GELU,
+    HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU,
+    HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU_OAI,
+    HTP_OP_GLU_GEGLU,
+    HTP_OP_SOFTMAX,
+    HTP_OP_ADD_ID,
+    HTP_OP_ROPE,
+    HTP_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT,
+    HTP_OP_SET_ROWS,
+    HTP_OP_GET_ROWS,
+    HTP_OP_SCALE,
+    HTP_OP_CPY,
+    HTP_OP_ARGSORT,
+    HTP_OP_SQR,
+    HTP_OP_SQRT,
+    HTP_OP_SUM_ROWS,
+    HTP_OP_SSM_CONV,
+    INVALID
+};
+
+static inline size_t htp_t_block_size(uint32_t t) {
+    switch (t) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            return 1;
+        case HTP_TYPE_F16:
+            return 1;
+        case HTP_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            return QK4_0;
+        case HTP_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return QK8_0;
+        case HTP_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            return QK_MXFP4;
+        default:
+            assert(0 && "unsupported HTP data type");
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline size_t htp_type_nbytes(uint32_t t) {
+    switch (t) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            return 4;
+        case HTP_TYPE_F16:
+            return 2;
+        case HTP_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            return sizeof(block_q4_0);
+        case HTP_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return sizeof(block_q8_0);
+        case HTP_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            return sizeof(block_mxfp4);
+        default:
+            assert(0 && "unsupported HTP data type");
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Internal types
+#define QK_Q4_0x4x2  256  // 4x Q4_0 blocks packed with next 4x Q4_0 blocks (size in bytes 128)
+#define QK_Q8_0x4x2  256  // 4x Q8_0 blocks concat with next 4x Q8_0 blocks
+#define QK_MXFP4x4x2 256  // 4x MXFP4 blocks concat with next 4x MXFP4 blocks
+
+#define HTP_MAX_DIMS 4
+
+struct htp_tensor {
+    uint32_t data;                // Buffer offset in the messages, and data pointer on the NSP
+    uint32_t type;                // Data type
+    uint32_t ne[HTP_MAX_DIMS];    // Number of elements
+    uint32_t nb[HTP_MAX_DIMS];    // Stride in bytes (see ggml.h ggml_tensor)
+};
+
+#define HTP_MAX_OP_PARAMS 64
+
+struct htp_general_req {
+    uint32_t op;  // GGML/HTP Op
+    int32_t  op_params[HTP_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t)];
+    // Params for the op, e.g. epsilon of RMS norm
+    uint32_t flags;          // Request flags
+
+    struct htp_tensor src0;  // Input0 tensor
+    struct htp_tensor src1;  // Input1 tensor
+    struct htp_tensor src2;  // Input2 tensor
+    struct htp_tensor src3;  // Input3 tensor
+    struct htp_tensor src4;  // Input4 tensor
+    struct htp_tensor dst;   // Output tensor
+
+    // should be multiple of 64 bytes (cacheline)
+};
+
+struct htp_general_rsp {
+    uint32_t op;           // GGML/HTP Op
+    uint32_t status;       // HTP_STATUS_...
+    uint32_t prof_usecs;   // Number of usec per request
+    uint32_t prof_cycles;  // Number of cycles per request
+    uint32_t prof_pkts;    // Number of instruction packets per request
+    uint8_t  unused[44];   // Pad to 64 bytes
+};
+
+#define HTP_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE   sizeof(struct htp_general_req)
+#define HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS 8
+
+#endif /* HTP_MSG_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ops.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ops.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ef20936f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef HTP_OPS_H
+#define HTP_OPS_H
+
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "worker-pool.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <hex-fastdiv.h>
+
+// ggml-common.h must be included prior to this header
+
+struct htp_spad {
+    uint8_t * data;
+    size_t    stride;
+    size_t    size;
+    size_t    size_per_thread;
+};
+
+struct htp_ops_context {
+    struct htp_context * ctx;
+
+    enum htp_op op;
+    int32_t     op_params[HTP_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t)];
+
+    struct htp_tensor src0;
+    struct htp_tensor src1;
+    struct htp_tensor src2;
+    struct htp_tensor src3;
+    struct htp_tensor src4;
+    struct htp_tensor dst;
+
+    struct htp_spad src0_spad;
+    struct htp_spad src1_spad;
+    struct htp_spad src2_spad;
+    struct htp_spad src3_spad;
+    struct htp_spad dst_spad;
+
+    worker_pool_context_t * wpool;      // worker pool
+    uint32_t                n_threads;  // num threads
+
+    uint32_t flags;
+};
+
+int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_matmul_id(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_binary(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_unary(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_sum_rows(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_activations(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_softmax(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_add_id(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_rope(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_flash_attn_ext(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_set_rows(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_get_rows(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_cpy(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_argsort(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_ssm_conv(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+
+#endif /* HTP_OPS_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp_iface.idl b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp_iface.idl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ebd937e46d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp_iface.idl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// FastRPC IDL interface for GGML HTP
+
+#ifndef HTP_IDL
+#define HTP_IDL
+
+#include "AEEStdDef.idl"
+#include "remote.idl"
+
+interface htp_iface : remote_handle64 {
+    AEEResult start(in uint32 sess_id, in uint64 dsp_queue_id, in uint32 n_hvx);
+    AEEResult stop();
+    AEEResult enable_etm();
+    AEEResult disable_etm();
+};
+
+#endif /* HTP_IDL */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-arith.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-arith.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82e3416970b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-arith.h
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+#ifndef HVX_ARITH_H
+#define HVX_ARITH_H
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+
+//
+// Binary operations (add, mul, sub)
+//
+
+#define UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
+
+#define hvx_arith_loop_body(dst_type, src0_type, src1_type, elem_size, vec_store, vec_op) \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst  = (dst_type *) dst;                          \
+        src0_type * restrict vsrc0 = (src0_type *) src0;                       \
+        src1_type * restrict vsrc1 = (src1_type *) src1;                       \
+                                                                               \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / (elem_size);                               \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                                         \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                                         \
+                                                                               \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                        \
+                                                                               \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                   \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                                \
+            vdst[i] = vec_op(vsrc0[i], vsrc1[i]);                              \
+        }                                                                      \
+        if (nloe) {                                                            \
+            HVX_Vector v = vec_op(vsrc0[i], vsrc1[i]);                         \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * (elem_size), v);               \
+        }                                                                      \
+    } while(0)
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+
+#define HVX_OP_ADD_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(a, b))
+#define HVX_OP_SUB_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(a, b))
+#define HVX_OP_MUL_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b))
+
+#else
+
+#define HVX_OP_ADD_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(a, b)
+#define HVX_OP_SUB_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_vsub_VsfVsf(a, b)
+#define HVX_OP_MUL_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b)
+
+#endif
+
+#define HVX_OP_ADD_F16(a, b) hvx_vec_add_f16_f16(a, b)
+#define HVX_OP_SUB_F16(a, b) hvx_vec_sub_f16_f16(a, b)
+#define HVX_OP_MUL_F16(a, b) hvx_vec_mul_f16_f16(a, b)
+
+// Generic macro to define alignment permutations for an op
+#define DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS(OP_NAME, OP_MACRO, ELEM_TYPE) \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aaa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_a, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aau(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_a, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_a, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_auu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_a, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uaa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_u, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uau(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_u, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_u, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uuu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    hvx_arith_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_u, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_add_f32, HVX_OP_ADD_F32, float)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_sub_f32, HVX_OP_SUB_F32, float)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_mul_f32, HVX_OP_MUL_F32, float)
+
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_add_f16, HVX_OP_ADD_F16, _Float16)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_sub_f16, HVX_OP_SUB_F16, _Float16)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_mul_f16, HVX_OP_MUL_F16, _Float16)
+
+// Dispatcher logic
+#define HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER(OP_NAME) \
+static inline void OP_NAME(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, const uint32_t num_elems) { \
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128)) { \
+        if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src0, 128)) { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_aaa(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_aau(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } else { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_aua(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_auu(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } \
+    } else { \
+        if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src0, 128)) { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_uaa(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_uau(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } else { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_uua(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_uuu(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } \
+    } \
+}
+
+HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER(hvx_add_f32)
+HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER(hvx_sub_f32)
+HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER(hvx_mul_f32)
+
+HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER(hvx_add_f16)
+HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER(hvx_sub_f16)
+HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER(hvx_mul_f16)
+
+// Mul-Mul Optimized
+static inline void hvx_mul_mul_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, const uint8_t * restrict src2, const uint32_t num_elems) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src1 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src2 % 128 == 0);
+
+    HVX_Vector * restrict vdst  = (HVX_Vector *) dst;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict vsrc0 = (HVX_Vector *) src0;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict vsrc1 = (HVX_Vector *) src1;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict vsrc2 = (HVX_Vector *) src2;
+
+    const uint32_t elem_size = sizeof(float);
+    const uint32_t epv  = 128 / elem_size;
+    const uint32_t nvec = num_elems / epv;
+    const uint32_t nloe = num_elems % epv;
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    _Pragma("unroll(4)")
+    for (; i < nvec; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vsrc0[i], vsrc1[i]);
+        vdst[i] = HVX_OP_MUL(v1, vsrc2[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vsrc0[i], vsrc1[i]);
+        HVX_Vector v2 = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(v1, vsrc2[i]);
+        hvx_vec_store_a((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * elem_size, v2);
+    }
+}
+
+// Scalar Operations
+
+#define hvx_scalar_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, elem_size, vec_store, scalar_op_macro)   \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                           \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                           \
+                                                                               \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / (elem_size);                               \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                                         \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                                         \
+                                                                               \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                        \
+                                                                               \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                   \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                                \
+            HVX_Vector v = vsrc[i];                                            \
+            vdst[i] = scalar_op_macro(v);                                      \
+        }                                                                      \
+        if (nloe) {                                                            \
+            HVX_Vector v = vsrc[i];                                            \
+            v = scalar_op_macro(v);                                            \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * (elem_size), v);               \
+        }                                                                      \
+    } while(0)
+
+#define HVX_OP_ADD_SCALAR_F32(v) \
+    ({ \
+        const HVX_VectorPred pred_inf = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VwVw(inf, v); \
+        HVX_Vector out = HVX_OP_ADD_F32(v, val_vec); \
+        Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_inf, inf, out); \
+    })
+
+#define HVX_OP_MUL_SCALAR_F32(v) HVX_OP_MUL_F32(v, val_vec)
+#define HVX_OP_SUB_SCALAR_F32(v) HVX_OP_SUB_F32(v, val_vec)
+
+#define HVX_OP_ADD_SCALAR_F16(v) \
+    ({ \
+        const HVX_VectorPred pred_inf = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VhVh(inf, v); \
+        HVX_Vector out = HVX_OP_ADD_F16(v, val_vec); \
+        Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_inf, inf, out); \
+    })
+
+#define HVX_OP_MUL_SCALAR_F16(v) HVX_OP_MUL_F16(v, val_vec)
+#define HVX_OP_SUB_SCALAR_F16(v) HVX_OP_SUB_F16(v, val_vec)
+
+// Scalar Variants
+
+// Generic macro to define alignment permutations for an op
+#define DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_OP_VARIANTS(OP_NAME, OP_MACRO, SPLAT_MACRO, ELEM_TYPE) \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const ELEM_TYPE val, uint32_t n) { \
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = SPLAT_MACRO(val); \
+    const HVX_Vector inf = SPLAT_MACRO((ELEM_TYPE)INFINITY); UNUSED(inf); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_a, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const ELEM_TYPE val, uint32_t n) { \
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = SPLAT_MACRO(val); \
+    const HVX_Vector inf = SPLAT_MACRO((ELEM_TYPE)INFINITY); UNUSED(inf); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_a, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const ELEM_TYPE val, uint32_t n) { \
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = SPLAT_MACRO(val); \
+    const HVX_Vector inf = SPLAT_MACRO((ELEM_TYPE)INFINITY); UNUSED(inf); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src % 128 == 0); \
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_u, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const ELEM_TYPE val, uint32_t n) { \
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = SPLAT_MACRO(val); \
+    const HVX_Vector inf = SPLAT_MACRO((ELEM_TYPE)INFINITY); UNUSED(inf); \
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(ELEM_TYPE), hvx_vec_store_u, OP_MACRO); \
+} \
+
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_add_scalar_f32, HVX_OP_ADD_SCALAR_F32, hvx_vec_splat_f32, float)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_sub_scalar_f32, HVX_OP_SUB_SCALAR_F32, hvx_vec_splat_f32, float)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_mul_scalar_f32, HVX_OP_MUL_SCALAR_F32, hvx_vec_splat_f32, float)
+
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_add_scalar_f16, HVX_OP_ADD_SCALAR_F16, hvx_vec_splat_f16, _Float16)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_sub_scalar_f16, HVX_OP_SUB_SCALAR_F16, hvx_vec_splat_f16, _Float16)
+DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_mul_scalar_f16, HVX_OP_MUL_SCALAR_F16, hvx_vec_splat_f16, _Float16)
+
+// Dispatcher logic
+#define HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_DISPATCHER(OP_NAME, ELEM_TYPE) \
+static inline void OP_NAME(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const ELEM_TYPE val, const uint32_t num_elems) { \
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128) && hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) { \
+        OP_NAME##_aa(dst, src, val, num_elems); \
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128)) { \
+        OP_NAME##_au(dst, src, val, num_elems); \
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) { \
+        OP_NAME##_ua(dst, src, val, num_elems); \
+    } else { \
+        OP_NAME##_uu(dst, src, val, num_elems); \
+    } \
+}
+
+HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_DISPATCHER(hvx_add_scalar_f32, float)
+HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_DISPATCHER(hvx_sub_scalar_f32, float)
+HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_DISPATCHER(hvx_mul_scalar_f32, float)
+
+HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_DISPATCHER(hvx_add_scalar_f16, _Float16)
+HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_DISPATCHER(hvx_sub_scalar_f16, _Float16)
+HVX_BINARY_SCALAR_DISPATCHER(hvx_mul_scalar_f16, _Float16)
+
+// MIN Scalar variants
+
+#define HVX_OP_MIN_SCALAR(v) Q6_Vsf_vmin_VsfVsf(val_vec, v)
+
+static inline void hvx_min_scalar_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(val);
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_a, HVX_OP_MIN_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_min_scalar_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(val);
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_a, HVX_OP_MIN_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_min_scalar_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(val);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_u, HVX_OP_MIN_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_min_scalar_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(val);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_u, HVX_OP_MIN_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_min_scalar_f32(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float val, const int num_elems) {
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128) && hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+        hvx_min_scalar_f32_aa(dst, src, val, num_elems);
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128)) {
+        hvx_min_scalar_f32_au(dst, src, val, num_elems);
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+        hvx_min_scalar_f32_ua(dst, src, val, num_elems);
+    } else {
+        hvx_min_scalar_f32_uu(dst, src, val, num_elems);
+    }
+}
+
+// CLAMP Scalar variants
+
+#define HVX_OP_CLAMP_SCALAR(v) \
+    ({ \
+        HVX_VectorPred pred_cap_right = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(v, max_vec); \
+        HVX_VectorPred pred_cap_left  = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(min_vec, v); \
+        HVX_Vector tmp = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_cap_right, max_vec, v); \
+        Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_cap_left, min_vec, tmp); \
+    })
+
+static inline void hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float min, const float max, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector min_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(min);
+    const HVX_Vector max_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(max);
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_a, HVX_OP_CLAMP_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float min, const float max, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector min_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(min);
+    const HVX_Vector max_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(max);
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_a, HVX_OP_CLAMP_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float min, const float max, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector min_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(min);
+    const HVX_Vector max_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(max);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_u, HVX_OP_CLAMP_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float min, const float max, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector min_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(min);
+    const HVX_Vector max_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(max);
+    hvx_scalar_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, sizeof(float), hvx_vec_store_u, HVX_OP_CLAMP_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_clamp_scalar_f32(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const float min, const float max, const int num_elems) {
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128) && hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+        hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_aa(dst, src, min, max, num_elems);
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128)) {
+        hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_au(dst, src, min, max, num_elems);
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+        hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_ua(dst, src, min, max, num_elems);
+    } else {
+        hvx_clamp_scalar_f32_uu(dst, src, min, max, num_elems);
+    }
+}
+
+//
+// Square
+//
+
+#define hvx_sqr_f32_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)           \
+    do {                                                                   \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst  = (dst_type *) dst;                      \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                       \
+                                                                           \
+        const uint32_t elem_size = sizeof(float);                          \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / elem_size;                             \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                                     \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                                     \
+                                                                           \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                    \
+                                                                           \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                               \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                            \
+            vdst[i] = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vsrc[i], vsrc[i]);                        \
+        }                                                                  \
+        if (nloe) {                                                        \
+            HVX_Vector v = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vsrc[i], vsrc[i]);                   \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * elem_size, v);             \
+        }                                                                  \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline void hvx_sqr_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sqr_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqr_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sqr_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqr_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sqr_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqr_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_sqr_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqr_f32(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const uint32_t num_elems) {
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128)) {
+        if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+            hvx_sqr_f32_aa(dst, src, num_elems);
+        } else {
+            hvx_sqr_f32_au(dst, src, num_elems);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+            hvx_sqr_f32_ua(dst, src, num_elems);
+        } else {
+            hvx_sqr_f32_uu(dst, src, num_elems);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#undef HVX_OP_ADD_F32
+#undef HVX_OP_SUB_F32
+#undef HVX_OP_MUL_F32
+#undef HVX_OP_ADD_F16
+#undef HVX_OP_SUB_F16
+#undef HVX_OP_MUL_F16
+#undef hvx_arith_loop_body
+#undef HVX_OP_ADD_SCALAR_F32
+#undef HVX_OP_SUB_SCALAR_F32
+#undef HVX_OP_MUL_SCALAR_F32
+#undef HVX_OP_ADD_SCALAR_F16
+#undef HVX_OP_SUB_SCALAR_F16
+#undef HVX_OP_MUL_SCALAR_F16
+#undef hvx_scalar_loop_body
+#undef HVX_OP_MIN_SCALAR
+#undef HVX_OP_CLAMP_SCALAR
+#undef DEFINE_HVX_BINARY_OP_VARIANTS
+#undef HVX_BINARY_DISPATCHER
+#undef UNUSED
+
+#endif // HVX_ARITH_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-base.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-base.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..578ca288fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#ifndef HVX_BASE_H
+#define HVX_BASE_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+#include "hvx-types.h"
+
+static inline void hvx_vec_store_u(void * restrict dst, uint32_t n, HVX_Vector v) {
+    // Rotate as needed.
+    v = Q6_V_vlalign_VVR(v, v, (size_t) dst);
+
+    uint32_t left_off  = (size_t) dst & 127;
+    uint32_t right_off = left_off + n;
+
+    HVX_VectorPred ql_not = Q6_Q_vsetq_R((size_t) dst);
+    HVX_VectorPred qr     = Q6_Q_vsetq2_R(right_off);
+
+    if (right_off > 128) {
+        Q6_vmem_QRIV(qr, (HVX_Vector *) dst + 1, v);
+        // all 1's
+        qr = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VbVb(v, v);
+    }
+
+    ql_not = Q6_Q_or_QQn(ql_not, qr);
+    Q6_vmem_QnRIV(ql_not, (HVX_Vector *) dst, v);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_vec_store_a(void * restrict dst, uint32_t n, HVX_Vector v) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    HVX_VectorPred m = Q6_Q_or_QQn(Q6_Q_vsetq_R((unsigned long) dst), Q6_Q_vsetq2_R(n));
+    Q6_vmem_QnRIV(m, (HVX_Vector *) dst, v);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_splat_f32(float v) {
+    union { float  f; uint32_t i; } u = { .f = v };
+    return Q6_V_vsplat_R(u.i);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_splat_f16(_Float16 v) {
+    union { __fp16 f; uint16_t i; } u = { .f = v };
+    return Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(u.i);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_repl4(HVX_Vector v) {
+    // vdelta control to replicate first 4 bytes across all elements
+    static const uint8_t __attribute__((aligned(128))) repl[128] = {
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+        0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+        0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+        0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+        0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+        0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+        0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+        0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+    };
+
+    HVX_Vector ctrl = *(HVX_Vector *) repl;
+    return Q6_V_vdelta_VV(v, ctrl);
+}
+
+static inline float hvx_vec_get_f32(HVX_Vector v) {
+    float __attribute__((aligned(128))) x;
+    hvx_vec_store_a(&x, 4, v);
+    return x;
+}
+
+static inline int32_t hvx_vec_get_i32(HVX_Vector v) {
+    int32_t __attribute__((aligned(128))) x;
+    hvx_vec_store_a(&x, 4, v);
+    return x;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_abs_f16(HVX_Vector v) {
+    // abs by clearing the fp16 sign bit
+    HVX_Vector mask = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x7fff);
+    return Q6_V_vand_VV(v, mask);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_neg_f16(HVX_Vector v) {
+    // neg by setting the fp16 sign bit
+    HVX_Vector mask = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x8000);
+    return Q6_V_vxor_VV(v, mask);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_abs_f32(HVX_Vector v) {
+    // abs by clearing the fp32 sign bit
+    HVX_Vector mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x7fffffff);
+    return Q6_V_vand_VV(v, mask);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_neg_f32(HVX_Vector v) {
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ > 75
+    return Q6_Vsf_vfneg_Vsf(v);
+#else
+    // neg by setting the fp32 sign bit
+    HVX_Vector mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x80000000);
+    return Q6_V_vxor_VV(v, mask);
+#endif  // __HVX_ARCH__ > 75
+}
+
+static inline HVX_VectorPred hvx_vec_is_nan_f16(HVX_Vector v) {
+    const HVX_Vector vnan_exp  = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x7C00);
+    const HVX_Vector vnan_frac = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x7FFF);
+
+    // get pred of which are NaN, i.e., exponent bits all 1s and fraction bits non 0s
+    HVX_VectorPred p_exp  = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VhVh(Q6_V_vand_VV(v, vnan_exp), vnan_exp);
+    HVX_VectorPred p_frac = Q6_Q_not_Q(Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VhVh(Q6_V_vand_VV(v, vnan_frac), vnan_exp));
+    return Q6_Q_and_QQ(p_exp, p_frac);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_f32_to_f16(HVX_Vector v0, HVX_Vector v1) {
+    const HVX_Vector zero = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0);
+    HVX_Vector q0 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(v0, zero);
+    HVX_Vector q1 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(v1, zero);
+    HVX_Vector  v = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(q1, q0)));
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+    // replace NaNs with -INF, older arches produce NaNs for (-INF + 0.0)
+    const HVX_Vector neg_inf = hvx_vec_splat_f16(-INFINITY);
+    HVX_VectorPred nan = hvx_vec_is_nan_f16(v);
+    v = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(nan, neg_inf, v);
+#endif
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+/* Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw is only available on v73+.*/
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 73
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_i32_to_qf32(HVX_Vector const in)
+{
+    HVX_Vector const vzero = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_VectorPred is_zero = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VwVw(in, vzero);
+    HVX_Vector lshift = Q6_Vw_vnormamt_Vw(in);
+    HVX_Vector normalized = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwVw(in, lshift);
+    HVX_Vector vexp = Q6_Vw_vsub_VwVw(Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x7f + 30), lshift);
+    HVX_Vector mant = Q6_V_vand_VV(Q6_V_vsplat_R(0xFFFFFF00), normalized);
+    HVX_Vector ret = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(is_zero, vzero, Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(mant, vexp));
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(HVX_Vector const in)
+{
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(hvx_vec_i32_to_qf32(in));
+}
+#endif
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_i16_from_hf_rnd_sat(HVX_Vector vin) {
+    // This looks complicated.
+    // Ideally should just be Q6_Vh_equals_Vhf(vin)
+    // but that instruction does not do proper rounding.
+
+    // convert to qf32, multiplying by 1.0 in the process.
+    HVX_VectorPair v32 = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(vin, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3C00));
+
+    // 'in-range' values are +/32752.
+    // add 192K to it, convert to sf
+    HVX_Vector v192K = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x48400000);
+    HVX_Vector vsf_0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(Q6_V_lo_W(v32), v192K));
+    HVX_Vector vsf_1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(Q6_V_hi_W(v32), v192K));
+
+    // for in-range cases, result is {163858... 229360} so the exponent is always 144.
+    // if we extract bits 21..0 as a signed quantity, and round 6 bits off, that will be the answer.
+    // Start by <<10 to get the final 'sign' bit in bit 15...
+    vsf_0 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(vsf_0, 10);
+    vsf_1 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(vsf_1, 10);
+
+    // now round down to 16
+    return Q6_Vh_vround_VwVw_sat(vsf_1, vsf_0);
+}
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+
+static inline HVX_VectorPair hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(HVX_VectorPair acc, HVX_Vector x, HVX_Vector y)
+{
+    HVX_VectorPair m = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(x, y);
+    HVX_Vector a0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(Q6_V_lo_W(m), Q6_V_lo_W(acc)));
+    HVX_Vector a1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(Q6_V_hi_W(m), Q6_V_hi_W(acc)));
+    return Q6_W_vcombine_VV(a1, a0);
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline HVX_VectorPair hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(HVX_VectorPair acc, HVX_Vector x, HVX_Vector y)
+{
+    return Q6_Wsf_vmpyacc_WsfVhfVhf(acc, x, y);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_add_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
+{
+    const HVX_Vector negone = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0xBC00); // -1.0 in IEEE FP16
+    const HVX_Vector one    = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3C00); //  1.0 in IEEE FP16
+    HVX_VectorPair a_p = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(a, one);
+    HVX_VectorPair b_p = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(b, negone);
+    HVX_Vector a0 = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(a_p), Q6_V_lo_W(b_p));
+    HVX_Vector a1 = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_hi_W(a_p), Q6_V_hi_W(b_p));
+    return Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(a1, a0));
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_sub_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
+{
+    const HVX_Vector negone = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0xBC00); // -1.0 in IEEE FP16
+    const HVX_Vector one    = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3C00); //  1.0 in IEEE FP16
+    HVX_VectorPair a_p = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(a, one);
+    HVX_VectorPair b_p = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(b, negone);
+    HVX_Vector a0 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(a_p), Q6_V_lo_W(b_p));
+    HVX_Vector a1 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_hi_W(a_p), Q6_V_hi_W(b_p));
+    return Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(a1, a0));
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_mul_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
+{
+    return Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(a, b));
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_add_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
+{
+    return Q6_Vhf_vadd_VhfVhf(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_sub_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
+{
+    return Q6_Vhf_vsub_VhfVhf(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_mul_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
+{
+    return Q6_Vhf_vmpy_VhfVhf(a, b);
+}
+
+#endif // __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+
+#endif /* HVX_BASE_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-copy.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-copy.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..851482e01b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-copy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+#ifndef HVX_COPY_H
+#define HVX_COPY_H
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+
+#define hvx_splat_loop_body(dst_type, vec_store)                 \
+    do {                                                         \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;             \
+                                                                 \
+        uint32_t nvec = n / (128 / elem_size);                   \
+        uint32_t nloe = n % (128 / elem_size);                   \
+                                                                 \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                          \
+                                                                 \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                     \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                  \
+            vdst[i] = src;                                       \
+        }                                                        \
+        if (nloe) {                                              \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * elem_size, src); \
+        }                                                        \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline void hvx_splat_a(uint8_t * restrict dst, HVX_Vector src, uint32_t n, uint32_t elem_size) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_splat_loop_body(HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_splat_u(uint8_t * restrict dst, HVX_Vector src, uint32_t n, uint32_t elem_size) {
+    hvx_splat_loop_body(HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_splat_f32_a(uint8_t * restrict dst, float v, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_splat_a(dst,  hvx_vec_splat_f32(v), n, sizeof(float));
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_splat_f32_u(uint8_t * restrict dst, float v, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_splat_u(dst,  hvx_vec_splat_f32(v), n, sizeof(float));
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_splat_f16_a(uint8_t * restrict dst, _Float16 v, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_splat_u(dst,  hvx_vec_splat_f16(v), n, sizeof(__fp16));
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_splat_f16_u(uint8_t * restrict dst, _Float16 v, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_splat_u(dst,  hvx_vec_splat_f16(v), n, sizeof(__fp16));
+}
+
+#define hvx_copy_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)            \
+    do {                                                             \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                 \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                 \
+                                                                     \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / elem_size;                       \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                               \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                               \
+                                                                     \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                              \
+                                                                     \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                         \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) { vdst[i] = vsrc[i]; }                 \
+        if (nloe) {                                                  \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * elem_size, vsrc[i]); \
+        }                                                            \
+    } while(0)
+
+// Generic copy routines
+static inline void hvx_copy_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n, uint32_t elem_size) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_copy_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n, uint32_t elem_size) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_copy_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n, uint32_t elem_size) {
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_copy_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n, uint32_t elem_size) {
+    hvx_copy_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+// copy n fp16 elements : source and destination are aligned to HVX Vector (128)
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_aa(dst, src, n, sizeof(__fp16));
+}
+
+// copy n fp16 elements : source is aligned, destination is potentially unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_au(dst, src, n, sizeof(__fp16));
+}
+
+// copy n fp16 elements : source is aligned, destination is potentially unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_ua(dst, src, n, sizeof(__fp16));
+}
+
+// copy n fp16 elements : source is aligned, destination is potentially unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_uu(dst, src, n, sizeof(__fp16));
+}
+
+// copy n fp32 elements : source and destination are aligned to HVX Vector (128)
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_aa(dst, src, n, sizeof(float));
+}
+
+// copy n fp32 elements : source is aligned, destination is unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_ua(dst, src, n, sizeof(float));
+}
+
+// copy n fp32 elements : source is unaligned, destination is aligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_au(dst, src, n, sizeof(float));
+}
+
+// copy n fp32 elements : source is unaligned, destination unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_uu(dst, src, n, sizeof(float));
+}
+
+//// fp32 -> fp16
+
+#define hvx_copy_f16_f32_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)                   \
+    do {                                                                            \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                                \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                                \
+                                                                                    \
+        const uint32_t elem_size = sizeof(__fp16);                                  \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / elem_size;                                      \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                                              \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                                              \
+                                                                                    \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                             \
+                                                                                    \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                        \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                                     \
+            vdst[i] = hvx_vec_f32_to_f16(vsrc[i*2+0], vsrc[i*2+1]);                 \
+        }                                                                           \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                 \
+            HVX_Vector v = hvx_vec_f32_to_f16(vsrc[i*2+0], vsrc[i*2+1]);            \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * elem_size, v);                      \
+        }                                                                           \
+    } while(0)
+
+// copy/convert n fp32 elements into n fp16 elements : source is aligned, destination is aligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_f16_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+// copy/convert n fp32 elements into n fp16 elements : source is unaligned, destination is aligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_f16_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+// copy/convert n fp32 elements into n fp16 elements : source is aligned, destination is unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_f16_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+// copy/convert n fp32 elements into n fp16 elements : source is unaligned, destination is unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f16_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_f16_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+//// fp16 -> fp32
+
+#define hvx_copy_f32_f16_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)                   \
+    do {                                                                            \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                                \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                                \
+                                                                                    \
+        const HVX_Vector one = hvx_vec_splat_f16(1.0);                              \
+                                                                                    \
+        const uint32_t elem_size = sizeof(__fp16);                                  \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / elem_size;                                      \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                                              \
+              uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                                              \
+                                                                                    \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                             \
+                                                                                    \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                        \
+        for (i = 0; i < nvec; ++i) {                                                \
+            HVX_VectorPair p = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vsrc[i]), one); \
+            vdst[i*2]   = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(p));                        \
+            vdst[i*2+1] = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_hi_W(p));                        \
+        }                                                                           \
+                                                                                    \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                 \
+            HVX_VectorPair p = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vsrc[i]), one); \
+                                                                                    \
+            HVX_Vector vd = Q6_V_lo_W(p);                                           \
+            i = 2 * i;                                                              \
+                                                                                    \
+            if (nloe >= 32) {                                                       \
+                vdst[i] = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vd);                                  \
+                nloe -= 32; ++i; vd = Q6_V_hi_W(p);                                 \
+            }                                                                       \
+                                                                                    \
+            if (nloe) {                                                             \
+                vd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vd);                                       \
+                hvx_vec_store_u(&vdst[i], nloe * sizeof(float), vd);                \
+            }                                                                       \
+        }                                                                           \
+    } while(0)
+
+// copy/convert n fp16 elements into n fp32 elements : source is aligned, destination is aligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_f16_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_f32_f16_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+// copy/convert n fp16 elements into n fp32 elements : source is unaligned, destination is aligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_f16_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_f32_f16_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+// copy/convert n fp16 elements into n fp32 elements : source is aligned, destination is unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_f16_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_copy_f32_f16_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+// copy/convert n fp16 elements into n fp32 elements : source is unaligned, destination is unaligned
+static inline void hvx_copy_f32_f16_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_copy_f32_f16_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+#endif // HVX_COPY_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-div.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-div.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05cefea039f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-div.h
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+#ifndef HVX_DIV_H
+#define HVX_DIV_H
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+#include "hvx-inverse.h"
+#include "hvx-arith.h"
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+#define HVX_OP_MUL_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b))
+#else
+#define HVX_OP_MUL_F32(a, b) Q6_Vsf_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b)
+#endif
+
+// Compute div by scaler in f32. Requires first by expanding fp32 to fp16 and converting the result back to fp32.
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_div_mul_f16_const_using_f32(HVX_Vector vec1_hf, HVX_Vector vec2_sf_const, HVX_Vector vec_hf_one_1_0) {
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+    HVX_VectorPair src_to_f32 = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(vec1_hf, vec_hf_one_1_0);
+    HVX_Vector src_to_f32_0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(src_to_f32));
+    HVX_Vector src_to_f32_1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_hi_W(src_to_f32));
+#else
+    HVX_VectorPair src_to_f32 = Q6_Wsf_vmpy_VhfVhf(vec1_hf, vec_hf_one_1_0);
+    HVX_Vector src_to_f32_0 = Q6_V_lo_W(src_to_f32);
+    HVX_Vector src_to_f32_1 = Q6_V_hi_W(src_to_f32);
+#endif
+
+    HVX_Vector div_f32_0 = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(src_to_f32_0, vec2_sf_const);
+    HVX_Vector div_f32_1 = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(src_to_f32_1, vec2_sf_const);
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+    HVX_Vector res = hvx_vec_f32_to_f16(div_f32_0, div_f32_1);
+#else
+    HVX_Vector res = Q6_Vhf_vcvt_VsfVsf(div_f32_0, div_f32_1);
+#endif
+    return res;
+}
+
+#define hvx_div_scaler_f16_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)                     \
+    do {                                                                                \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                                    \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                                    \
+        HVX_Vector hf_one = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3C00);                                     \
+                                                                                        \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16;                                            \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16;                                            \
+                                                                                        \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                                 \
+                                                                                        \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                            \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                                         \
+            HVX_Vector res = hvx_div_mul_f16_const_using_f32(vsrc[i], val_vec_f32, hf_one); \
+            vdst[i] = res;                                                              \
+        }                                                                               \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                     \
+            HVX_Vector res = hvx_div_mul_f16_const_using_f32(vsrc[i], val_vec_f32, hf_one); \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * SIZEOF_FP16, res);                      \
+        }                                                                               \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline void hvx_div_scalar_f16_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const _Float16 val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec_f32 = hvx_vec_splat_f32(1.0f/((float)val));
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((uintptr_t) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_div_scaler_f16_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+static inline void hvx_div_scalar_f16_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const _Float16 val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec_f32 = hvx_vec_splat_f32(1.0f/((float)val));
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_div_scaler_f16_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+static inline void hvx_div_scalar_f16_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const _Float16 val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec_f32 = hvx_vec_splat_f32(1.0f/((float)val));
+    assert((uintptr_t) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_div_scaler_f16_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+static inline void hvx_div_scalar_f16_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const _Float16 val, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector val_vec_f32 = hvx_vec_splat_f32(1.0f/((float)val));
+    hvx_div_scaler_f16_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+// Compute div by using hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard. Requires first by exapnding fp32 to fp16 and convert the result back to fp32.
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_div_f16_using_f32(HVX_Vector vec1, HVX_Vector vec2, HVX_Vector f32_nan_inf_mask, HVX_Vector vec_hf_one_1_0) {
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+    // Convert first input to fp32
+    HVX_VectorPair vec1_to_f32   = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(vec1, vec_hf_one_1_0);  // *1.0
+    HVX_Vector     vec1_to_f32_0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(vec1_to_f32));
+    HVX_Vector     vec1_to_f32_1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_hi_W(vec1_to_f32));
+
+    // Convert second input to fp32
+    HVX_VectorPair vec2_to_f32   = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(vec2, vec_hf_one_1_0);  // *1.0
+    HVX_Vector     vec2_to_f32_0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(vec2_to_f32));
+    HVX_Vector     vec2_to_f32_1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_hi_W(vec2_to_f32));
+#else
+    // Convert first input to fp32
+    HVX_VectorPair vec1_to_f32   = Q6_Wsf_vmpy_VhfVhf(vec1, vec_hf_one_1_0);  // *1.0
+    HVX_Vector     vec1_to_f32_0 = Q6_V_lo_W(vec1_to_f32);
+    HVX_Vector     vec1_to_f32_1 = Q6_V_hi_W(vec1_to_f32);
+
+    // Convert second input to fp32
+    HVX_VectorPair vec2_to_f32   = Q6_Wsf_vmpy_VhfVhf(vec2, vec_hf_one_1_0);  // *1.0
+    HVX_Vector     vec2_to_f32_0 = Q6_V_lo_W(vec2_to_f32);
+    HVX_Vector     vec2_to_f32_1 = Q6_V_hi_W(vec2_to_f32);
+#endif
+
+    // Inverse second input in fp32
+    HVX_Vector     vec2_inv_f32_0 = hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard(vec2_to_f32_0, f32_nan_inf_mask);
+    HVX_Vector     vec2_inv_f32_1 = hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard(vec2_to_f32_1, f32_nan_inf_mask);
+
+    // Multiply first input by inverse of second, in fp32
+    HVX_Vector     div_f32_0 = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vec1_to_f32_0, vec2_inv_f32_0);
+    HVX_Vector     div_f32_1 = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vec1_to_f32_1, vec2_inv_f32_1);
+
+    // Convert back to fp16
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+    HVX_Vector     recip = hvx_vec_f32_to_f16(div_f32_0, div_f32_1);
+#else
+    HVX_Vector     recip = Q6_Vhf_vcvt_VsfVsf(div_f32_0, div_f32_1);
+#endif
+
+    return recip;
+}
+
+#define hvx_div_f16_loop_body(dst_type, src0_type, src1_type, vec_store)                  \
+    do {                                                                                  \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                                      \
+        src0_type * restrict vsrc0 = (src0_type *) src0;                                  \
+        src1_type * restrict vsrc1 = (src1_type *) src1;                                  \
+                                                                                          \
+        const HVX_Vector nan_inf_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x7f800000);                        \
+        const HVX_Vector hf_one = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3C00);                                 \
+                                                                                          \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16;                                              \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16;                                              \
+                                                                                          \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                                   \
+                                                                                          \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                              \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                                           \
+            HVX_Vector res = hvx_vec_div_f16_using_f32(vsrc0[i], vsrc1[i], nan_inf_mask, hf_one); \
+            vdst[i] = res;                                                                \
+        }                                                                                 \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                       \
+            HVX_Vector res = hvx_vec_div_f16_using_f32(vsrc0[i], vsrc1[i], nan_inf_mask, hf_one); \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * SIZEOF_FP16, res);                        \
+        }                                                                                 \
+    } while(0)
+
+#define hvx_div_f32_loop_body(dst_type, src0_type, src1_type, vec_store)             \
+    do {                                                                             \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                                 \
+        src0_type * restrict vsrc0 = (src0_type *) src0;                             \
+        src1_type * restrict vsrc1 = (src1_type *) src1;                             \
+                                                                                     \
+        const HVX_Vector nan_inf_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x7f800000);                   \
+                                                                                     \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP32;                                         \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP32;                                         \
+                                                                                     \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                              \
+                                                                                     \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                         \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                                      \
+            HVX_Vector inv_src1 = hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard(vsrc1[i], nan_inf_mask); \
+            HVX_Vector res = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vsrc0[i], inv_src1);                     \
+            vdst[i] = res;                                                           \
+        }                                                                            \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                  \
+            HVX_Vector inv_src1 = hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard(vsrc1[i], nan_inf_mask); \
+            HVX_Vector res = HVX_OP_MUL_F32(vsrc0[i], inv_src1);                     \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * SIZEOF_FP32, res);                   \
+        }                                                                            \
+    } while(0)
+
+// Generic macro to define alignment permutations for an op
+#define DEFINE_HVX_DIV_OP_VARIANTS(OP_NAME, OP_LOOP_BODY) \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aaa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aau(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_auu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uaa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uau(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src0 % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src1 % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uuu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, uint32_t n) { \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u); \
+} \
+
+// Dispatcher logic
+#define HVX_DIV_DISPATCHER(OP_NAME) \
+static inline void OP_NAME(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src0, const uint8_t * restrict src1, const uint32_t num_elems) { \
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128)) { \
+        if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src0, 128)) { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_aaa(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_aau(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } else { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_aua(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_auu(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } \
+    } else { \
+        if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src0, 128)) { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_uaa(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_uau(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } else { \
+            if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src1, 128)) OP_NAME##_uua(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+            else                                    OP_NAME##_uuu(dst, src0, src1, num_elems); \
+        } \
+    } \
+}
+
+DEFINE_HVX_DIV_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_div_f32, hvx_div_f32_loop_body)
+DEFINE_HVX_DIV_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_div_f16, hvx_div_f16_loop_body)
+
+HVX_DIV_DISPATCHER(hvx_div_f32)
+HVX_DIV_DISPATCHER(hvx_div_f16)
+
+#undef HVX_OP_MUL_F32
+
+#endif // HVX_DIV_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-dump.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-dump.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85201fc3453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-dump.h
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#ifndef HVX_DUMP_H
+#define HVX_DUMP_H
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+#include "hvx-types.h"
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_f16_n(char * pref, HVX_Vector v, uint32_t n) {
+    HVX_VectorAlias u = { .v = v };
+
+    const uint32_t n0 = n / 16;
+    const uint32_t n1 = n % 16;
+    int            i  = 0;
+    for (; i < n0; i++) {
+        hex_dump_f16_line(pref, u.fp16 + (16 * i), 16);
+    }
+    if (n1) {
+        hex_dump_f16_line(pref, u.fp16 + (16 * i), n1);
+    }
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_f16(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    hvx_vec_dump_f16_n(pref, v, 64);
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_f32_n(char * pref, HVX_Vector v, uint32_t n) {
+    HVX_VectorAlias u = { .v = v };
+
+    const uint32_t n0 = n / 16;
+    const uint32_t n1 = n % 16;
+    int            i  = 0;
+    for (; i < n0; i++) {
+        hex_dump_f32_line(pref, u.fp32 + (16 * i), 16);
+    }
+    if (n1) {
+        hex_dump_f32_line(pref, u.fp32 + (16 * i), n1);
+    }
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_f32_hmt(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    union {
+        HVX_Vector v;
+        float      d[32];
+    } u = { .v = v };
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s: %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f ...  %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f ... %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n", pref, u.d[0], u.d[1],
+         u.d[2], u.d[3], u.d[12], u.d[13], u.d[14], u.d[15], u.d[28], u.d[29], u.d[30], u.d[31]);
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_f32(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    hvx_vec_dump_f32_n(pref, v, 32);
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_int32(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    union {
+        HVX_Vector v;
+        int32_t    d[32];
+    } u = { .v = v };
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 32 / 16; i++) {
+        hex_dump_int32_line(pref, u.d + (16 * i), 16);
+    }
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_int32_hmt(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    union {
+        HVX_Vector v;
+        int32_t    d[32];
+    } u = { .v = v };
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d\n", pref, u.d[0], u.d[1], u.d[2], u.d[3], u.d[12],
+         u.d[13], u.d[14], u.d[15], u.d[28], u.d[29], u.d[30], u.d[31]);
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_int8_hmt(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    union {
+        HVX_Vector v;
+        int8_t     d[128];
+    } u = { .v = v };
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s: %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d\n", pref, u.d[0], u.d[1], u.d[2], u.d[3], u.d[60],
+         u.d[61], u.d[62], u.d[63], u.d[124], u.d[125], u.d[126], u.d[127]);
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_int8(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    union {
+        HVX_Vector v;
+        int8_t     d[128];
+    } u = { .v = v };
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 128 / 16; i++) {
+        hex_dump_int8_line(pref, u.d + (16 * i), 16);
+    }
+}
+
+static void hvx_vec_dump_uint8(char * pref, HVX_Vector v) {
+    union {
+        HVX_Vector v;
+        uint8_t    d[128];
+    } u = { .v = v };
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 128 / 16; i++) {
+        hex_dump_uint8_line(pref, u.d + (16 * i), 16);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool hvx_vec_eq(HVX_Vector v0, HVX_Vector v1, size_t n) {
+    typedef union {
+        HVX_Vector v;
+        int8_t     d[128];
+    } U;
+
+    U u0 = { .v = v0 };
+    U u1 = { .v = v1 };
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (u0.d[i] != u1.d[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+#endif /* HVX_DUMP_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-exp.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-exp.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44dfe232a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-exp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#ifndef HVX_EXP_H
+#define HVX_EXP_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+#include "hvx-floor.h"
+
+#define EXP_COEFF_5 (0x39506967)  // 0.000198757 = 1/(7!)
+#define EXP_COEFF_4 (0x3AB743CE)  // 0.0013982   = 1/(6!)
+#define EXP_COEFF_3 (0x3C088908)  // 0.00833345  = 1/(5!)
+#define EXP_COEFF_2 (0x3D2AA9C1)  // 0.416658    = 1/(4!)
+#define EXP_COEFF_1 (0x3E2AAAAA)  // 0.16666667  = 1/(3!)
+#define EXP_COEFF_0 (0x3F000000)  // 0.5         = 1/(2!)
+#define EXP_LOGN2   (0x3F317218)  // ln(2)   = 0.6931471805
+#define EXP_LOG2E   (0x3FB8AA3B)  // log2(e) = 1/ln(2) = 1.4426950408
+#define EXP_ONE     (0x3f800000)  // 1.0
+#define EXP_RANGE_R (0x41a00000)  // 20.0
+#define EXP_RANGE_L (0xc1a00000)  // -20.0
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_exp_f32(HVX_Vector in_vec) {
+    HVX_Vector z_qf32_v;
+    HVX_Vector x_v;
+    HVX_Vector x_qf32_v;
+    HVX_Vector y_v;
+    HVX_Vector k_v;
+    HVX_Vector f_v;
+    HVX_Vector epsilon_v;
+    HVX_Vector log2e = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_LOG2E);
+    HVX_Vector logn2 = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_LOGN2);
+    HVX_Vector E_const;
+    HVX_Vector zero_v = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // exp(x) is approximated as follows:
+    //   f = floor(x/ln(2)) = floor(x*log2(e))
+    //   epsilon = x - f*ln(2)
+    //   exp(x) = exp(epsilon+f*ln(2))
+    //          = exp(epsilon)*exp(f*ln(2))
+    //          = exp(epsilon)*2^f
+    //
+    //   Since epsilon is close to zero, it can be approximated with its Taylor series:
+    //            exp(x) ~= 1+x+x^2/2!+x^3/3!+...+x^n/n!+...
+    //   Preserving the first eight elements, we get:
+    //            exp(x) ~= 1+x+e0*x^2+e1*x^3+e2*x^4+e3*x^5+e4*x^6+e5*x^7
+    //                   =  1+x+(E0+(E1+(E2+(E3+(E4+E5*x)*x)*x)*x)*x)*x^2
+
+    HVX_Vector temp_v = in_vec;
+
+    // Clamp inputs to (-20.0, 20.0)
+    HVX_VectorPred pred_cap_right = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(in_vec, Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_RANGE_R));
+    HVX_VectorPred pred_cap_left  = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_RANGE_L), in_vec);
+
+    in_vec = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_cap_right, Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_RANGE_R), temp_v);
+    in_vec = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_cap_left, Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_RANGE_L), temp_v);
+
+    epsilon_v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(log2e, in_vec);
+    epsilon_v = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(epsilon_v);
+
+    //    f_v is the floating point result and k_v is the integer result
+    f_v = hvx_vec_floor_f32(epsilon_v);
+    k_v = hvx_vec_truncate_f32(f_v);
+
+    x_qf32_v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(in_vec, zero_v);
+
+    //  x = x - f_v * logn2;
+    epsilon_v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(f_v, logn2);
+    x_qf32_v  = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vqf32(x_qf32_v, epsilon_v);
+    // normalize before every QFloat's vmpy
+    x_qf32_v  = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(x_qf32_v, zero_v);
+
+    // z = x * x;
+    z_qf32_v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(x_qf32_v, x_qf32_v);
+    z_qf32_v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(z_qf32_v, zero_v);
+
+    x_v = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(x_qf32_v);
+
+    // y = E4 + E5 * x;
+    E_const = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_COEFF_5);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(E_const, x_v);
+    E_const = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_COEFF_4);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, E_const);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, zero_v);
+
+    // y = E3 + y * x;
+    E_const = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_COEFF_3);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y_v, x_qf32_v);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, E_const);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, zero_v);
+
+    // y = E2 + y * x;
+    E_const = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_COEFF_2);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y_v, x_qf32_v);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, E_const);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, zero_v);
+
+    // y = E1 + y * x;
+    E_const = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_COEFF_1);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y_v, x_qf32_v);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, E_const);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, zero_v);
+
+    // y = E0 + y * x;
+    E_const = Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_COEFF_0);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y_v, x_qf32_v);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, E_const);
+    y_v     = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, zero_v);
+
+    // y = x + y * z;
+    y_v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y_v, z_qf32_v);
+    y_v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(y_v, x_qf32_v);
+    y_v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, zero_v);
+
+    // y = y + 1.0;
+    y_v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(y_v, Q6_V_vsplat_R(EXP_ONE));
+
+    // insert exponents
+    //        y = ldexpf(y, k);
+    //    y_v += k_v; // qf32
+    // modify exponent
+
+    y_v = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(y_v);
+
+    // add k_v to the exponent of y_v
+    HVX_Vector y_v_exponent = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(y_v, 1);
+
+    y_v_exponent = Q6_Vuw_vlsr_VuwR(y_v_exponent, IEEE_VSF_MANTLEN + 1);
+    y_v_exponent = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(k_v, y_v_exponent);
+
+    // exponent cannot be negative; if overflow is detected, result is set to zero
+    HVX_VectorPred qy_v_negative_exponent = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VwVw(zero_v, y_v_exponent);
+
+    y_v = Q6_Vw_vaslacc_VwVwR(y_v, k_v, IEEE_VSF_MANTLEN);
+
+    y_v = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(qy_v_negative_exponent, zero_v, y_v);
+
+    return y_v;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_exp_f32_guard(HVX_Vector in_vec, HVX_Vector max_exp, HVX_Vector inf) {
+    const HVX_VectorPred pred0 = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(in_vec, max_exp);
+
+    HVX_Vector out = hvx_vec_exp_f32(in_vec);
+
+    return Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred0, inf, out);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_exp_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src, uint8_t * restrict dst, const int num_elems, bool negate) {
+    int left_over       = num_elems & (VLEN_FP32 - 1);
+    int num_elems_whole = num_elems - left_over;
+
+    int unaligned_addr = 0;
+    int unaligned_loop = 0;
+    if ((0 == hex_is_aligned((void *) src, VLEN)) || (0 == hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, VLEN))) {
+        unaligned_addr = 1;
+    }
+    // assert((0 == unaligned_addr) || (0 == num_elems_whole));
+    if ((1 == unaligned_addr) && (num_elems_whole != 0)) {
+        unaligned_loop = 1;
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector vec_out = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    static const float kInf    = INFINITY;
+    static const float kMaxExp = 88.02f;  // log(INF)
+
+    const HVX_Vector max_exp = hvx_vec_splat_f32(kMaxExp);
+    const HVX_Vector inf     = hvx_vec_splat_f32(kInf);
+
+    if (0 == unaligned_loop) {
+        HVX_Vector * p_vec_in1 = (HVX_Vector *) src;
+        HVX_Vector * p_vec_out = (HVX_Vector *) dst;
+
+        #pragma unroll(4)
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_elems_whole; i += VLEN_FP32) {
+            if (true == negate) {
+                HVX_Vector neg_vec_in = hvx_vec_neg_f32(*p_vec_in1++);
+                *p_vec_out++          = hvx_vec_exp_f32_guard(neg_vec_in, max_exp, inf);
+            } else {
+                *p_vec_out++ = hvx_vec_exp_f32_guard(*p_vec_in1++, max_exp, inf);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        #pragma unroll(4)
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_elems_whole; i += VLEN_FP32) {
+            HVX_Vector in = *(HVX_UVector *) (src + i * SIZEOF_FP32);
+
+            if (true == negate) {
+                HVX_Vector neg_vec_in                    = hvx_vec_neg_f32(in);
+                *(HVX_UVector *) (dst + i * SIZEOF_FP32) = hvx_vec_exp_f32_guard(neg_vec_in, max_exp, inf);
+            } else {
+                *(HVX_UVector *) (dst + i * SIZEOF_FP32) = hvx_vec_exp_f32_guard(in, max_exp, inf);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (left_over > 0) {
+        const float * srcf = (float *) src + num_elems_whole;
+        float *       dstf = (float *) dst + num_elems_whole;
+
+        HVX_Vector in = *(HVX_UVector *) srcf;
+
+        if (true == negate) {
+            HVX_Vector neg_vec_in = hvx_vec_neg_f32(in);
+
+            vec_out = hvx_vec_exp_f32_guard(neg_vec_in, max_exp, inf);
+        } else {
+            vec_out = hvx_vec_exp_f32_guard(in, max_exp, inf);
+        }
+
+        hvx_vec_store_u((void *) dstf, left_over * SIZEOF_FP32, vec_out);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* HVX_EXP_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-floor.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-floor.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a1bfde5675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-floor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#ifndef HVX_FLOOR_H
+#define HVX_FLOOR_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+
+#define IEEE_VSF_EXPLEN   (8)
+#define IEEE_VSF_EXPBIAS  (127)
+#define IEEE_VSF_EXPMASK  (0xFF)
+#define IEEE_VSF_MANTLEN  (23)
+#define IEEE_VSF_MANTMASK (0x7FFFFF)
+#define IEEE_VSF_MIMPMASK (0x800000)
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_truncate_f32(HVX_Vector in_vec) {
+    HVX_Vector mask_mant_v  = Q6_V_vsplat_R(IEEE_VSF_MANTMASK);
+    HVX_Vector mask_impl_v  = Q6_V_vsplat_R(IEEE_VSF_MIMPMASK);
+    HVX_Vector const_zero_v = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    HVX_VectorPred q_negative = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VwVw(const_zero_v, in_vec);
+
+    HVX_Vector expval_v = in_vec >> IEEE_VSF_MANTLEN;
+    expval_v &= IEEE_VSF_EXPMASK;
+    expval_v -= IEEE_VSF_EXPBIAS;
+
+    // negative exp == fractional value
+    HVX_VectorPred q_negexp = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VwVw(const_zero_v, expval_v);
+
+    HVX_Vector rshift_v = IEEE_VSF_MANTLEN - expval_v;         // fractional bits - exp shift
+
+    HVX_Vector mant_v = in_vec & mask_mant_v;                  // obtain mantissa
+    HVX_Vector vout   = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(mant_v, mask_impl_v);  // add implicit 1.0
+
+    vout = Q6_Vw_vasr_VwVw(vout, rshift_v);                    // shift to obtain truncated integer
+    vout = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(q_negexp, const_zero_v, vout);        // expval<0 -> 0
+
+    HVX_Vector neg_vout = -vout;
+
+    vout = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(q_negative, neg_vout, vout);  // handle negatives
+
+    return (vout);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_floor_f32(HVX_Vector in_vec) {
+    HVX_Vector mask_mant_v    = Q6_V_vsplat_R(IEEE_VSF_MANTMASK);
+    HVX_Vector mask_impl_v    = Q6_V_vsplat_R(IEEE_VSF_MIMPMASK);
+    HVX_Vector const_mnlen_v  = Q6_V_vsplat_R(IEEE_VSF_MANTLEN);
+    HVX_Vector const_zero_v   = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector const_negone_v = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0xbf800000);  // -1 IEEE vsf
+
+    HVX_VectorPred q_negative = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VwVw(const_zero_v, in_vec);
+
+    HVX_Vector expval_v = in_vec >> IEEE_VSF_MANTLEN;
+    expval_v &= IEEE_VSF_EXPMASK;
+    expval_v -= IEEE_VSF_EXPBIAS;
+
+    HVX_VectorPred q_negexp     = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VwVw(const_zero_v, expval_v);
+    HVX_VectorPred q_expltmn    = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VwVw(const_mnlen_v, expval_v);
+    HVX_VectorPred q_negexp_pos = Q6_Q_vcmp_gtand_QVwVw(q_negexp, in_vec, const_zero_v);
+    HVX_VectorPred q_negexp_neg = Q6_Q_vcmp_gtand_QVwVw(q_negexp, const_zero_v, in_vec);
+
+    // if expval < 0 (q_negexp)         // <0, floor is 0
+    //    if vin > 0
+    //       floor = 0
+    //    if vin < 0
+    //       floor = -1
+    // if expval < mant_len (q_expltmn) // >0, but fraction may exist
+    //    get sign (q_negative)
+    //    mask >> expval                // fraction bits to mask off
+    //    vout = ~(mask)                // apply mask to remove fraction
+    //    if (qneg)                     // negative floor is one less (more, sign bit for neg)
+    //      vout += ((impl_mask) >> expval)
+    //    if (mask && vin)
+    //      vout = vin
+    // else                             // already an integer
+    //    ;                             // no change
+
+    // compute floor
+    mask_mant_v >>= expval_v;
+    HVX_Vector neg_addin_v    = mask_impl_v >> expval_v;
+    HVX_Vector vout_neg_addin = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(in_vec, neg_addin_v);
+    HVX_Vector vout           = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(q_negative, vout_neg_addin, in_vec);
+
+    HVX_Vector     mask_chk_v = Q6_V_vand_VV(in_vec, mask_mant_v);  // chk if bits set
+    HVX_VectorPred q_integral = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VwVw(const_zero_v, mask_chk_v);
+
+    HVX_Vector not_mask_v = Q6_V_vnot_V(mask_mant_v);        // frac bits to clear
+    HVX_Vector vfrfloor_v = Q6_V_vand_VV(vout, not_mask_v);  // clear frac bits
+
+    vout = in_vec;
+    vout = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(q_expltmn, vfrfloor_v, vout);         // expval<mant
+    vout = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(q_integral, in_vec, vout);            // integral values
+    vout = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(q_negexp_pos, const_zero_v, vout);    // expval<0 x>0 -> 0
+    vout = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(q_negexp_neg, const_negone_v, vout);  // expval<0 x<0 -> -1
+
+    return vout;
+}
+
+#endif /* HVX_FLOOR_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-inverse.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-inverse.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f2054f45bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-inverse.h
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+#ifndef HVX_INVERSE_H
+#define HVX_INVERSE_H
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+
+// ====================================================
+// FUNCTION: 1/(x+1)     y(0) = 1,  y(0.5) = 0.6667, y(1) = 0.5
+// Order:3; continuity: True; Ends forced: True
+// Mode: unsigned;   Result fractional bits: 14
+// Peak Error: 1.1295e-04  Rms Error: 2.8410e-05   Mean Error: 1.1370e-05
+//      32769  -32706   31252  -10589
+//      32590  -30635   22793   -4493
+//      32066  -27505   16481   -2348
+//      31205  -24054   11849   -1306
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_recip_xp1_O3_unsigned(HVX_Vector vx) {
+    // input is 0..0xffff representing 0.0  .. 1.0
+    HVX_Vector p;
+    p = Q6_Vh_vlut4_VuhPh(vx, 0xFAE6F6D4EE73D6A3ull);
+    p = Q6_Vh_vmpa_VhVhVuhPuh_sat(p, vx, 0x2E49406159097A14ull);
+    p = Q6_Vh_vmps_VhVhVuhPuh_sat(p, vx, 0x5DF66B7177AB7FC2ull);
+    p = Q6_Vh_vmpa_VhVhVuhPuh_sat(p, vx, 0x79E57D427F4E8001ull);
+    return p;  // signed result, 14 fractional bits
+}
+
+// Find reciprocal of fp16.
+// (1) first, convert to fp32, multiplying by 1.0; this is done to
+//    handle denormals. Ignoring sign and zero, result should be at
+//    least 5.9604645e-08 (32-bit code 0x33800000) and at most 131008 (0x47ffe000)
+//    (exponent in range [103,143])
+// (2) extract the mantissa into 16-bit unsigned; find reciprocal using a fitted poly
+// (3) put this, along with '253-exp' (exp from (1)) together to make an qf32
+// (4) convert that to fp16
+// (5) put sign back in. Also, if the original value (w/o sign) was <0x81, replace
+//     the result with the max value.
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_inverse_f16(HVX_Vector vals) {
+    HVX_Vector     em_mask  = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x7FFF);
+    HVX_Vector     avals    = Q6_V_vand_VV(vals, em_mask);
+    HVX_VectorPred is_neg   = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VhVh(avals, vals);
+    // is too small to 1/x ? for 'standard' fp16, this would be 0x101
+    HVX_VectorPred is_small = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VhVh(Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x101), avals);
+
+    HVX_VectorPair to_qf32  = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(avals, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3C00));  // *1.0
+    HVX_Vector     to_f32_0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(to_qf32));
+    HVX_Vector     to_f32_1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_hi_W(to_qf32));
+
+    // bits 22..13 contain the mantissa now (w/o hidden bit); move to bit 14..5 of a 16-bit vector
+    HVX_Vector mant_u16 = Q6_Vh_vshuffo_VhVh(Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(to_f32_1, 9), Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(to_f32_0, 9));
+    // likewise extract the upper 16 from each, containing the exponents in range 103..142
+    HVX_Vector exp_u16  = Q6_Vh_vshuffo_VhVh(to_f32_1, to_f32_0);
+    //Get exponent in IEEE 32-bit representation
+    exp_u16             = Q6_Vuh_vlsr_VuhR(exp_u16, 7);
+
+    // so, mant_u16 contains an unbiased mantissa in upper 10 bits of each u16 lane
+    // We can consider it to be x-1.0, with 16 fractional bits, where 'x' is in range [1.0,2.0)
+    // Use poly to transform to 1/x, with 14 fractional bits
+    //
+    HVX_Vector rm = hvx_vec_recip_xp1_O3_unsigned(mant_u16);
+
+    HVX_Vector vcl0 = Q6_Vuh_vcl0_Vuh(rm);  //count leading zeros
+
+    // Get mantissa for 16-bit representation
+    HVX_Vector mant_recip = Q6_V_vand_VV(Q6_Vh_vasr_VhR(Q6_Vh_vasl_VhVh(rm, vcl0), 5), Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x03FF));
+
+    //Compute Reciprocal Exponent
+    HVX_Vector exp_recip =
+        Q6_Vh_vsub_VhVh(Q6_Vh_vsub_VhVh(Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(254), exp_u16), Q6_Vh_vsub_VhVh(vcl0, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(1)));
+    //Convert it for 16-bit representation
+    exp_recip = Q6_Vh_vadd_VhVh_sat(Q6_Vh_vsub_VhVh(exp_recip, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(127)), Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(15));
+    exp_recip = Q6_Vh_vasl_VhR(exp_recip, 10);
+
+    //Merge exponent and mantissa for reciprocal
+    HVX_Vector recip = Q6_V_vor_VV(exp_recip, mant_recip);
+    // map 'small' inputs to standard largest value 0x7bff
+    recip            = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(is_small, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x7bff), recip);
+    // add sign back
+    recip            = Q6_V_vandor_VQR(recip, is_neg, 0x80008000);
+    return recip;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_inverse_f32(HVX_Vector v_sf) {
+    HVX_Vector inv_aprox_sf = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x7EEEEBB3);
+    HVX_Vector two_sf       = hvx_vec_splat_f32(2.0);
+
+    // First approximation
+    HVX_Vector i_sf = Q6_Vw_vsub_VwVw(inv_aprox_sf, v_sf);
+
+    HVX_Vector r_qf;
+
+    // Refine
+    r_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(
+        i_sf, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(two_sf, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(i_sf, v_sf)))));
+    r_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(
+        r_qf, Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(two_sf, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(r_qf), v_sf))));
+    r_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(
+        r_qf, Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(two_sf, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(r_qf), v_sf))));
+
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(r_qf);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard(HVX_Vector v_sf, HVX_Vector nan_inf_mask) {
+    HVX_Vector out = hvx_vec_inverse_f32(v_sf);
+
+    HVX_Vector     masked_out = Q6_V_vand_VV(out, nan_inf_mask);
+    const HVX_VectorPred pred = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VwVw(nan_inf_mask, masked_out);
+
+    return Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred, Q6_V_vzero(), out);
+}
+
+#define hvx_inverse_f32_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)             \
+    do {                                                                     \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                         \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                         \
+                                                                             \
+        const HVX_Vector nan_inf_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x7f800000);           \
+                                                                             \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP32;                                 \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP32;                                 \
+                                                                             \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                      \
+                                                                             \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                 \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                              \
+             vdst[i] = hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard(vsrc[i], nan_inf_mask);     \
+        }                                                                    \
+        if (nloe) {                                                          \
+            HVX_Vector v = hvx_vec_inverse_f32_guard(vsrc[i], nan_inf_mask); \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * SIZEOF_FP32, v);             \
+        }                                                                    \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_inverse_f16_guard(HVX_Vector v_sf, HVX_Vector nan_inf_mask) {
+    HVX_Vector out = hvx_vec_inverse_f16(v_sf);
+
+    HVX_Vector     masked_out = Q6_V_vand_VV(out, nan_inf_mask);
+    const HVX_VectorPred pred = Q6_Q_vcmp_eq_VhVh(nan_inf_mask, masked_out);
+
+    return Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred, Q6_V_vzero(), out);
+}
+
+#define hvx_inverse_f16_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)             \
+    do {                                                                     \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                         \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                         \
+                                                                             \
+        const HVX_Vector nan_inf_mask = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x7c00);              \
+                                                                             \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16;                                 \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16;                                 \
+                                                                             \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                      \
+                                                                             \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                 \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                              \
+             vdst[i] = hvx_vec_inverse_f16_guard(vsrc[i], nan_inf_mask);     \
+        }                                                                    \
+        if (nloe) {                                                          \
+            HVX_Vector v = hvx_vec_inverse_f16_guard(vsrc[i], nan_inf_mask); \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * SIZEOF_FP16, v);             \
+        }                                                                    \
+    } while(0)
+
+// Generic macro to define alignment permutations for an op
+#define DEFINE_HVX_INV_OP_VARIANTS(OP_NAME, OP_LOOP_BODY) \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) dst % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) { \
+    assert((uintptr_t) src % 128 == 0); \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u); \
+} \
+static inline void OP_NAME##_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) { \
+    OP_LOOP_BODY(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u); \
+} \
+
+// Dispatcher logic
+#define HVX_INV_DISPATCHER(OP_NAME) \
+static inline void OP_NAME(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const uint32_t num_elems) { \
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128) && hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) { \
+        OP_NAME##_aa(dst, src, num_elems); \
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) dst, 128)) { \
+        OP_NAME##_au(dst, src, num_elems); \
+    } else if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) { \
+        OP_NAME##_ua(dst, src, num_elems); \
+    } else { \
+        OP_NAME##_uu(dst, src, num_elems); \
+    } \
+}
+
+DEFINE_HVX_INV_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_inverse_f32, hvx_inverse_f32_loop_body)
+DEFINE_HVX_INV_OP_VARIANTS(hvx_inverse_f16, hvx_inverse_f16_loop_body)
+
+HVX_INV_DISPATCHER(hvx_inverse_f32)
+HVX_INV_DISPATCHER(hvx_inverse_f16)
+
+#endif // HVX_INVERSE_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-reduce.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-reduce.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c0073ef6d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-reduce.h
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+#ifndef HVX_REDUCE_H
+#define HVX_REDUCE_H
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+#include "hvx-types.h"
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_n_i32(HVX_Vector in, unsigned int n) {
+    unsigned int total = n * 4;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned int width = 4;      // int32
+
+    HVX_Vector sum = in, sum_t;
+    while (width < total) {
+        sum_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(sum, width);     // rotate right
+        sum   = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(sum_t, sum);  // elementwise sum
+        width = width << 1;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_i32(HVX_Vector in) {
+    return hvx_vec_reduce_sum_n_i32(in, 32);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_n_qf32(HVX_Vector in, unsigned int n) {
+    unsigned int total = n * 4;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned int width = 4;      // fp32 nbytes
+
+    HVX_Vector sum = in, sum_t;
+    while (width < total) {
+        sum_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum), width);  // rotate right
+        sum   = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum, sum_t);             // elementwise sum
+        width = width << 1;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_qf32(HVX_Vector in) {
+    return hvx_vec_reduce_sum_n_qf32(in, 32);
+}
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ > 75
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x4(HVX_Vector_x4 in) {
+    HVX_VectorPair sum_p01 = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(in.v[1], in.v[0], 4);
+    HVX_VectorPair sum_p23 = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(in.v[3], in.v[2], 4);
+    HVX_Vector  sum_sf01  = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sum_p01), Q6_V_hi_W(sum_p01));
+    HVX_Vector  sum_sf23  = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sum_p23), Q6_V_hi_W(sum_p23));
+
+    HVX_VectorPair sum_p0123 = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(sum_sf23, sum_sf01, 8);
+    HVX_Vector  sum_sf       = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sum_p0123), Q6_V_hi_W(sum_p0123));
+
+    sum_sf = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum_sf, Q6_V_vror_VR(sum_sf, VLEN / 2));
+    sum_sf = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum_sf, Q6_V_vror_VR(sum_sf, VLEN / 4));
+    sum_sf = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum_sf, Q6_V_vror_VR(sum_sf, VLEN / 8));
+    return sum_sf;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(HVX_Vector in0, HVX_Vector in1) {
+    HVX_VectorPair sump = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(in1, in0, 4);
+    HVX_Vector  sum_sf  = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sump), Q6_V_hi_W(sump));
+
+    sum_sf = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum_sf, Q6_V_vror_VR(sum_sf, VLEN / 2));
+    sum_sf = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum_sf, Q6_V_vror_VR(sum_sf, VLEN / 4));
+    sum_sf = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum_sf, Q6_V_vror_VR(sum_sf, VLEN / 8));
+    sum_sf = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum_sf, Q6_V_vror_VR(sum_sf, VLEN / 16));
+    return sum_sf;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_n_f32(HVX_Vector in, unsigned int n) {
+    unsigned int total = n * 4;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned int width = 4;      // fp32 nbytes
+
+    HVX_Vector sum = in, sum_t;
+    while (width < total) {
+        sum_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(sum, width);       // rotate right
+        sum   = Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(sum, sum_t); // elementwise sum
+        width = width << 1;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x4(HVX_Vector_x4 in) {
+    HVX_VectorPair sum_p01  = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(in.v[1], in.v[0], 4);
+    HVX_VectorPair sum_p23  = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(in.v[3], in.v[2], 4);
+    HVX_Vector     sum_qf01 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sum_p01), Q6_V_hi_W(sum_p01));
+    HVX_Vector     sum_qf23 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sum_p23), Q6_V_hi_W(sum_p23));
+
+    HVX_VectorPair sum_p0123 = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf23), Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf01), 8);
+    HVX_Vector     sum_qf    = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sum_p0123), Q6_V_hi_W(sum_p0123));
+
+    sum_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum_qf, Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf), VLEN / 2));
+    sum_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum_qf, Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf), VLEN / 4));
+    sum_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum_qf, Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf), VLEN / 8));
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(HVX_Vector in0, HVX_Vector in1) {
+    HVX_VectorPair sump = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(in1, in0, 4);
+    HVX_Vector  sum_qf  = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(sump), Q6_V_hi_W(sump));
+
+    sum_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum_qf, Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf), VLEN / 2));
+    sum_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum_qf, Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf), VLEN / 4));
+    sum_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum_qf, Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf), VLEN / 8));
+    sum_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(sum_qf, Q6_V_vror_VR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf), VLEN / 16));
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_qf);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_n_f32(HVX_Vector in, unsigned int n) {
+    unsigned int total = n * 4;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned int width = 4;      // fp32 nbytes
+
+    HVX_Vector sum = in, sum_t;
+    while (width < total) {
+        sum_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(sum, width);                               // rotate right
+        sum   = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(sum, sum_t));  // elementwise sum
+        width = width << 1;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(HVX_Vector in) {
+    return hvx_vec_reduce_sum_n_f32(in, 32);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_max_f16(HVX_Vector in) {
+    unsigned total = 128;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned width = 2;    // fp16 nbytes
+
+    HVX_Vector _max = in, _max_t;
+    while (width < total) {
+        _max_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(_max, width);         // rotate right
+        _max   = Q6_Vhf_vmax_VhfVhf(_max_t, _max);  // elementwise max
+        width  = width << 1;
+    }
+
+    return _max;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_max2_f16(HVX_Vector in, HVX_Vector _max) {
+    unsigned total = 128;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned width = 2;    // fp32 nbytes
+
+    HVX_Vector _max_t;
+
+    _max = Q6_Vhf_vmax_VhfVhf(in, _max);
+    while (width < total) {
+        _max_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(_max, width);         // rotate right
+        _max   = Q6_Vhf_vmax_VhfVhf(_max_t, _max);  // elementwise max
+        width  = width << 1;
+    }
+
+    return _max;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32(HVX_Vector in) {
+    unsigned total = 128;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned width = 4;    // fp32 nbytes
+
+    HVX_Vector _max = in, _max_t;
+    while (width < total) {
+        _max_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(_max, width);         // rotate right
+        _max   = Q6_Vsf_vmax_VsfVsf(_max_t, _max);  // elementwise max
+        width  = width << 1;
+    }
+
+    return _max;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_reduce_max2_f32(HVX_Vector in, HVX_Vector _max) {
+    unsigned total = 128;  // total vec nbytes
+    unsigned width = 4;    // fp32 nbytes
+
+    HVX_Vector _max_t;
+
+    _max = Q6_Vsf_vmax_VsfVsf(in, _max);
+    while (width < total) {
+        _max_t = Q6_V_vror_VR(_max, width);         // rotate right
+        _max   = Q6_Vsf_vmax_VsfVsf(_max_t, _max);  // elementwise max
+        width  = width << 1;
+    }
+
+    return _max;
+}
+
+#define hvx_reduce_loop_body(src_type, init_vec, pad_vec, vec_op, reduce_op, scalar_reduce) \
+    do {                                                                                    \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                                        \
+        HVX_Vector acc = init_vec;                                                          \
+                                                                                            \
+        const uint32_t elem_size = sizeof(float);                                           \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / elem_size;                                              \
+        const uint32_t nvec = num_elems / epv;                                              \
+        const uint32_t nloe = num_elems % epv;                                              \
+                                                                                            \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                                     \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                                \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                                             \
+            acc = vec_op(acc, vsrc[i]);                                                     \
+        }                                                                                   \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                         \
+            const float * srcf = (const float *) src + i * epv;                             \
+            HVX_Vector in = *(HVX_UVector *) srcf;                                          \
+            HVX_Vector temp = Q6_V_valign_VVR(in, pad_vec, nloe * elem_size);               \
+            acc = vec_op(acc, temp);                                                        \
+        }                                                                                   \
+        HVX_Vector v = reduce_op(acc);                                                      \
+        return scalar_reduce(v);                                                            \
+    } while(0)
+
+#define HVX_REDUCE_MAX_OP(acc, val) Q6_Vsf_vmax_VsfVsf(acc, val)
+#define HVX_REDUCE_SUM_OP(acc, val) Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(acc), val)
+#define HVX_SUM_SQ_OP(acc, val) Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(acc, Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(val, val))
+#define HVX_REDUCE_MAX_SCALAR(v) hvx_vec_get_f32(v)
+#define HVX_REDUCE_SUM_SCALAR(v) hvx_vec_get_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v))
+
+// Max variants
+
+static inline float hvx_reduce_max_f32_a(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    HVX_Vector init_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(((const float *) src)[0]);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_reduce_loop_body(HVX_Vector, init_vec, init_vec, HVX_REDUCE_MAX_OP, hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32, HVX_REDUCE_MAX_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline float hvx_reduce_max_f32_u(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    HVX_Vector init_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(((const float *) src)[0]);
+    hvx_reduce_loop_body(HVX_UVector, init_vec, init_vec, HVX_REDUCE_MAX_OP, hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32, HVX_REDUCE_MAX_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline float hvx_reduce_max_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+        return hvx_reduce_max_f32_a(src, num_elems);
+    } else {
+        return hvx_reduce_max_f32_u(src, num_elems);
+    }
+}
+
+// Sum variants
+
+static inline float hvx_reduce_sum_f32_a(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    HVX_Vector init_vec = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_reduce_loop_body(HVX_Vector, init_vec, init_vec, HVX_REDUCE_SUM_OP, hvx_vec_reduce_sum_qf32, HVX_REDUCE_SUM_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline float hvx_reduce_sum_f32_u(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    HVX_Vector init_vec = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0);
+    hvx_reduce_loop_body(HVX_UVector, init_vec, init_vec, HVX_REDUCE_SUM_OP, hvx_vec_reduce_sum_qf32, HVX_REDUCE_SUM_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline float hvx_reduce_sum_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+        return hvx_reduce_sum_f32_a(src, num_elems);
+    } else {
+        return hvx_reduce_sum_f32_u(src, num_elems);
+    }
+}
+
+// Sum of squares variants
+
+static inline float hvx_sum_of_squares_f32_a(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    HVX_Vector init_vec = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0);
+    assert((uintptr_t) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_reduce_loop_body(HVX_Vector, init_vec, init_vec, HVX_SUM_SQ_OP, hvx_vec_reduce_sum_qf32, HVX_REDUCE_SUM_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline float hvx_sum_of_squares_f32_u(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    HVX_Vector init_vec = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0);
+    hvx_reduce_loop_body(HVX_UVector, init_vec, init_vec, HVX_SUM_SQ_OP, hvx_vec_reduce_sum_qf32, HVX_REDUCE_SUM_SCALAR);
+}
+
+static inline float hvx_sum_of_squares_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    if (hex_is_aligned((void *) src, 128)) {
+        return hvx_sum_of_squares_f32_a(src, num_elems);
+    } else {
+        return hvx_sum_of_squares_f32_u(src, num_elems);
+    }
+}
+
+#undef hvx_reduce_loop_body
+#undef HVX_REDUCE_MAX_OP
+#undef HVX_REDUCE_SUM_OP
+#undef HVX_REDUCE_MAX_SCALAR
+#undef HVX_REDUCE_SUM_SCALAR
+#undef HVX_SUM_SQ_OP
+
+#endif /* HVX_REDUCE_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-scale.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-scale.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c65c98639dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-scale.h
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#ifndef HVX_SCALE_H
+#define HVX_SCALE_H
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+
+#define hvx_scale_f32_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)                       \
+    do {                                                                             \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                                 \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                                 \
+                                                                                     \
+        HVX_Vector vs = hvx_vec_splat_f32(scale);                                    \
+                                                                                     \
+        const uint32_t elem_size = sizeof(float);                                    \
+        const uint32_t epv = 128 / elem_size;                                        \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                                               \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                                               \
+                                                                                     \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                              \
+                                                                                     \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                         \
+        for (; i < nvec; ++i) {                                                      \
+            HVX_Vector v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(vsrc[i], vs);                        \
+            vdst[i]      = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v);                                   \
+        }                                                                            \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                  \
+            HVX_Vector v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(vsrc[i], vs);                        \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * elem_size, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v));  \
+        }                                                                            \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale) {
+    assert((size_t) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((size_t) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scale_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale) {
+    assert((size_t) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scale_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale) {
+    assert((size_t) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scale_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale) {
+    hvx_scale_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_f32(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale) {
+    if (((size_t) dst & 127) == 0) {
+        if (((size_t) src & 127) == 0) {
+            hvx_scale_f32_aa(dst, src, n, scale);
+        } else {
+            hvx_scale_f32_au(dst, src, n, scale);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (((size_t) src & 127) == 0) {
+            hvx_scale_f32_ua(dst, src, n, scale);
+        } else {
+            hvx_scale_f32_uu(dst, src, n, scale);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#define hvx_scale_offset_f32_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)                \
+    do {                                                                             \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                                 \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                                 \
+                                                                                     \
+        HVX_Vector vs = hvx_vec_splat_f32(scale);                                    \
+        HVX_Vector vo = hvx_vec_splat_f32(offset);                                   \
+                                                                                     \
+        const uint32_t elem_size = sizeof(float);                                    \
+        const uint32_t epv = 128 / elem_size;                                        \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                                               \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                                               \
+                                                                                     \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                              \
+                                                                                     \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                         \
+        for (; i < nvec; ++i) {                                                      \
+            HVX_Vector v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(vsrc[i], vs), vo); \
+            vdst[i] = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v);                                        \
+        }                                                                            \
+        if (nloe) {                                                                  \
+            HVX_Vector v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(vsrc[i], vs), vo); \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * elem_size, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v));  \
+        }                                                                            \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_offset_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale, const float offset) {
+    assert((size_t) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((size_t) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scale_offset_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_offset_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale, const float offset) {
+    assert((size_t) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scale_offset_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_offset_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale, const float offset) {
+    assert((size_t) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_scale_offset_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_offset_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale, const float offset) {
+    hvx_scale_offset_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_scale_offset_f32(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int n, const float scale, const float offset) {
+    if (((size_t) dst & 127) == 0) {
+        if (((size_t) src & 127) == 0) {
+            hvx_scale_offset_f32_aa(dst, src, n, scale, offset);
+        } else {
+            hvx_scale_offset_f32_au(dst, src, n, scale, offset);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (((size_t) src & 127) == 0) {
+            hvx_scale_offset_f32_ua(dst, src, n, scale, offset);
+        } else {
+            hvx_scale_offset_f32_uu(dst, src, n, scale, offset);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // HVX_SCALE_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-sigmoid.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-sigmoid.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..095193277ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-sigmoid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#ifndef HVX_SIGMOID_H
+#define HVX_SIGMOID_H
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+
+#define FAST_SIGMOID_LOG2F (0x3fb8aa3b)  // 1.442695022
+#define FAST_SIGMOID_C1    (0x3d009076)  // 0.03138777
+#define FAST_SIGMOID_C2    (0x3e8d74bd)  // 0.276281267
+#define FAST_SIGMOID_C3    (0x3f000000)  // 0.5
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_fast_sigmoid_f32(HVX_Vector v) {
+    v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v, Q6_V_vsplat_R(FAST_SIGMOID_LOG2F));
+    v = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v), Q6_V_vsplat_R(FAST_SIGMOID_C3));
+
+    HVX_Vector in_int = hvx_vec_truncate_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v));
+    HVX_Vector x      = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vsf(v, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(in_int));
+    HVX_Vector xx     = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(x, x);
+
+    HVX_Vector v1 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(xx), Q6_V_vsplat_R(FAST_SIGMOID_C2));
+    v1            = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(v1, Q6_V_vsplat_R(FAST_SIGMOID_LOG2F));
+
+    HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(x), Q6_V_vsplat_R(FAST_SIGMOID_C1));
+    v2            = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(v2, xx);
+    v2            = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(v2, x);
+
+    HVX_Vector v3          = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(v2, v1));
+    HVX_Vector v3_exponent = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(v3, 1);
+    v3_exponent            = Q6_Vuw_vlsr_VuwR(v3_exponent, 24);
+    v3_exponent            = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(in_int, v3_exponent);
+    v3                     = Q6_Vw_vaslacc_VwVwR(v3, in_int, 24);
+
+    HVX_Vector v4 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vqf32(v2, v1));
+    HVX_Vector v5 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(v3, v4));
+
+    HVX_Vector res = hvx_vec_inverse_f32(v5);
+    res            = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v3, res);
+
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(res);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_fast_sigmoid_f32_guard(HVX_Vector v,
+                                                         HVX_Vector one,
+                                                         HVX_Vector max_exp,
+                                                         HVX_Vector min_exp) {
+    const HVX_VectorPred pred_max = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(max_exp, v);
+    const HVX_VectorPred pred_min = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VsfVsf(v, min_exp);
+
+    HVX_Vector out = hvx_vec_fast_sigmoid_f32(v);
+    out            = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_max, out, one);
+    return Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pred_min, out, Q6_V_vzero());
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_tanh_f32(HVX_Vector x) {
+    // tanh(x) = 2 * sigmoid(2x) - 1
+    HVX_Vector two = hvx_vec_splat_f32(2.0f);
+    HVX_Vector one = hvx_vec_splat_f32(1.0f);
+    HVX_Vector x2  = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(x, two);
+
+    HVX_Vector max_exp = hvx_vec_splat_f32(87.f);
+    HVX_Vector min_exp = hvx_vec_splat_f32(-87.f);
+
+    HVX_Vector sig2x = hvx_vec_fast_sigmoid_f32_guard(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(x2), one, max_exp, min_exp);
+
+    HVX_Vector res = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(sig2x, two);
+    res = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vsf(res, one);
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(res);
+}
+
+#define hvx_sigmoid_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)    \
+    do {                                                        \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;            \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;            \
+                                                                \
+        const HVX_Vector one     = hvx_vec_splat_f32(1.f);      \
+        const HVX_Vector max_exp = hvx_vec_splat_f32(87.f);     \
+        const HVX_Vector min_exp = hvx_vec_splat_f32(-87.f);    \
+                                                                \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / sizeof(float);              \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                          \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                          \
+                                                                \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                         \
+                                                                \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                    \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                 \
+             vdst[i] = hvx_vec_fast_sigmoid_f32_guard(vsrc[i], one, max_exp, min_exp); \
+        }                                                       \
+        if (nloe) {                                             \
+             HVX_Vector tmp = hvx_vec_fast_sigmoid_f32_guard(vsrc[i], one, max_exp, min_exp); \
+             vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * sizeof(float), tmp); \
+        }                                                       \
+    } while(0)
+
+#define hvx_tanh_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)       \
+    do {                                                        \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;            \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;            \
+                                                                \
+        const uint32_t epv  = 128 / sizeof(float);              \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / epv;                          \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % epv;                          \
+                                                                \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                         \
+                                                                \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                    \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                 \
+             vdst[i] = hvx_vec_tanh_f32(vsrc[i]);               \
+        }                                                       \
+        if (nloe) {                                             \
+             HVX_Vector tmp = hvx_vec_tanh_f32(vsrc[i]);        \
+             vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * sizeof(float), tmp); \
+        }                                                       \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline void hvx_sigmoid_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sigmoid_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sigmoid_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sigmoid_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sigmoid_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sigmoid_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sigmoid_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_sigmoid_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_tanh_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_tanh_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+#endif /* HVX_SIGMOID_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-sqrt.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-sqrt.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e31a1006d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-sqrt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#ifndef HVX_SQRT_H
+#define HVX_SQRT_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+
+#define RSQRT_CONST        0x5f3759df  // Constant for fast inverse square root calculation
+#define RSQRT_ONE_HALF     0x3f000000  // 0.5
+#define RSQRT_THREE_HALVES 0x3fc00000  // 1.5
+
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
+#define HVX_OP_MUL(a, b) Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b))
+#else
+#define HVX_OP_MUL(a, b) Q6_Vsf_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b)
+#endif
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_rsqrt_f32(HVX_Vector in_vec) {
+    //Algorithm :
+    //  x2 = input*0.5
+    //  y  = * (long *) &input
+    //  y  = 0x5f3759df - (y>>1)
+    //  y  = y*(threehalfs - x2*y*y)
+
+    HVX_Vector rsqrtconst = Q6_V_vsplat_R(RSQRT_CONST);
+    HVX_Vector onehalf    = Q6_V_vsplat_R(RSQRT_ONE_HALF);
+    HVX_Vector threehalfs = Q6_V_vsplat_R(RSQRT_THREE_HALVES);
+
+    HVX_Vector x2, y, ypower2, temp;
+
+    x2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(in_vec, onehalf);
+    x2 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(x2, Q6_V_vzero());
+
+    y = Q6_Vw_vasr_VwR(in_vec, 1);
+    y = Q6_Vw_vsub_VwVw(rsqrtconst, y);
+
+    // 1st iteration
+    ypower2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(y, y);
+    ypower2 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(ypower2, Q6_V_vzero());
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(x2, ypower2);
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(threehalfs, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(temp));
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(y, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(temp));
+
+    // 2nd iteration
+    y       = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(temp, Q6_V_vzero());
+    ypower2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y, y);
+    ypower2 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(ypower2, Q6_V_vzero());
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(x2, ypower2);
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(threehalfs, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(temp));
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y, temp);
+
+    // 3rd iteration
+    y       = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(temp, Q6_V_vzero());
+    ypower2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y, y);
+    ypower2 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(ypower2, Q6_V_vzero());
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(x2, ypower2);
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(threehalfs, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(temp));
+    temp    = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_Vqf32Vqf32(y, temp);
+
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(temp);
+}
+
+// Compute sqrt(x) as x*inv_sqrt(x)
+#define hvx_sqrt_f32_loop_body(dst_type, src_type, vec_store)                \
+    do {                                                                     \
+        dst_type * restrict vdst = (dst_type *) dst;                         \
+        src_type * restrict vsrc = (src_type *) src;                         \
+                                                                             \
+        const uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP32;                                 \
+        const uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP32;                                 \
+                                                                             \
+        uint32_t i = 0;                                                      \
+                                                                             \
+        _Pragma("unroll(4)")                                                 \
+        for (; i < nvec; i++) {                                              \
+            HVX_Vector inv_sqrt = hvx_vec_rsqrt_f32(vsrc[i]);                \
+            HVX_Vector sqrt_res = HVX_OP_MUL(inv_sqrt, vsrc[i]);             \
+            vdst[i] = sqrt_res;                                              \
+        }                                                                    \
+        if (nloe) {                                                          \
+            HVX_Vector inv_sqrt = hvx_vec_rsqrt_f32(vsrc[i]);                \
+            HVX_Vector sqrt_res = HVX_OP_MUL(inv_sqrt, vsrc[i]);             \
+            vec_store((void *) &vdst[i], nloe * SIZEOF_FP32, sqrt_res);      \
+        }                                                                    \
+    } while(0)
+
+static inline void hvx_sqrt_f32_aa(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sqrt_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqrt_f32_au(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sqrt_f32_loop_body(HVX_Vector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_a);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqrt_f32_ua(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    assert((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0);
+    hvx_sqrt_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_Vector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqrt_f32_uu(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_sqrt_f32_loop_body(HVX_UVector, HVX_UVector, hvx_vec_store_u);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_sqrt_f32(uint8_t * restrict dst, const uint8_t * restrict src, const int num_elems) {
+    if ((unsigned long) dst % 128 == 0) {
+        if ((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0) {
+            hvx_sqrt_f32_aa(dst, src, num_elems);
+        } else {
+            hvx_sqrt_f32_au(dst, src, num_elems);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if ((unsigned long) src % 128 == 0) {
+            hvx_sqrt_f32_ua(dst, src, num_elems);
+        } else {
+            hvx_sqrt_f32_uu(dst, src, num_elems);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* HVX_SQRT_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-types.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-types.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d495a59fbea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#ifndef HVX_TYPES_H
+#define HVX_TYPES_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <hexagon_types.h>
+
+#define SIZEOF_FP32 (4)
+#define SIZEOF_FP16 (2)
+#define VLEN        (128)
+#define VLEN_FP32   (VLEN / SIZEOF_FP32)
+#define VLEN_FP16   (VLEN / SIZEOF_FP16)
+
+typedef union {
+    HVX_Vector v;
+    uint8_t    b[VLEN];
+    uint16_t   h[VLEN_FP16];
+    uint32_t   w[VLEN_FP32];
+    __fp16     fp16[VLEN_FP16];
+    float      fp32[VLEN_FP32];
+} __attribute__((aligned(VLEN), packed)) HVX_VectorAlias;
+
+typedef struct {
+    HVX_Vector v[2];
+} HVX_Vector_x2;
+
+typedef struct {
+    HVX_Vector v[4];
+} HVX_Vector_x4;
+
+typedef struct {
+    HVX_Vector v[8];
+} HVX_Vector_x8;
+
+#endif /* HVX_TYPES_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-utils.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08343798794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef HVX_UTILS_H
+#define HVX_UTILS_H
+
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+
+#include "hvx-types.h"
+#include "hvx-copy.h"
+#include "hvx-scale.h"
+#include "hvx-exp.h"
+#include "hvx-inverse.h"
+#include "hvx-reduce.h"
+#include "hvx-sigmoid.h"
+#include "hvx-sqrt.h"
+#include "hvx-arith.h"
+#include "hvx-div.h"
+#include "hvx-base.h"
+
+#ifndef GATHER_TYPE
+#    if defined(__hexagon__)
+#        define GATHER_TYPE(_a) (intptr_t) _a
+#    else
+#        define GATHER_TYPE(_a) (HVX_Vector *) _a
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /* HVX_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/main.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3f99dbb32c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1199 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+#include <AEEStdErr.h>
+#include <dspqueue.h>
+#include <HAP_compute_res.h>
+#include <HAP_etm_config.h>
+#include <HAP_mem.h>
+#include <HAP_power.h>
+#include <HAP_ps.h>
+#include <qurt.h>
+#include <qurt_thread.h>
+#include <remote.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+#include "worker-pool.h"
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_open(const char * uri, remote_handle64 * handle) {
+    struct htp_context * ctx;
+    int                  err = 0;
+
+    ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(*ctx));
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        return AEE_ENOMEMORY;
+    }
+
+    // Use the context structure as a handle
+    *handle = (remote_handle64) ctx;
+
+    // Enable FARF logs
+    HAP_setFARFRuntimeLoggingParams(0xffff, NULL, 0);
+
+    // Set client class
+    {
+        HAP_power_request_t request;
+        memset(&request, 0, sizeof(HAP_power_request_t));
+        request.type    = HAP_power_set_apptype;
+        request.apptype = HAP_POWER_COMPUTE_CLIENT_CLASS;
+
+        if ((err = HAP_power_set((void *) ctx, &request)) != 0) {
+            return err;
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        HAP_power_request_t request;
+        memset(&request, 0, sizeof(request));
+
+        request.type                              = HAP_power_set_DCVS_v3;
+        request.dcvs_v3.set_dcvs_enable           = TRUE;
+        request.dcvs_v3.dcvs_enable               = TRUE;
+        request.dcvs_v3.dcvs_option               = HAP_DCVS_V2_PERFORMANCE_MODE;
+        request.dcvs_v3.set_bus_params            = TRUE;
+        request.dcvs_v3.bus_params.min_corner     = HAP_DCVS_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.dcvs_v3.bus_params.max_corner     = HAP_DCVS_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.dcvs_v3.bus_params.target_corner  = HAP_DCVS_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.dcvs_v3.set_core_params           = TRUE;
+        request.dcvs_v3.core_params.min_corner    = HAP_DCVS_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.dcvs_v3.core_params.max_corner    = HAP_DCVS_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.dcvs_v3.core_params.target_corner = HAP_DCVS_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.dcvs_v3.set_sleep_disable         = TRUE;
+        request.dcvs_v3.sleep_disable             = TRUE;
+        if ((err = HAP_power_set((void *) ctx, &request)) != 0) {
+            return err;
+        }
+
+        memset(&request, 0, sizeof(request));
+        request.type         = HAP_power_set_HVX;
+        request.hvx.power_up = TRUE;
+        if ((err = HAP_power_set((void *) ctx, &request)) != 0) {
+            return err;
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Power on HMX
+        HAP_power_request_t request;
+        memset(&request, 0, sizeof(HAP_power_request_t));
+        request.type         = HAP_power_set_HMX;
+        request.hmx.power_up = TRUE;
+        FARF(ALWAYS, "Powering HMX on\n");
+        err = HAP_power_set((void *) &ctx, &request);
+        if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Error powering on HMX.");
+            return err;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_close(remote_handle64 handle) {
+    struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) handle;
+
+    if (!ctx) {
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->queue) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Closing handle with queue still open");
+        return AEE_EITEMBUSY;
+    }
+
+    free(ctx);
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_enable_etm(remote_handle64 handle) {
+    int err = HAP_user_etm_enable();
+    if (err) {
+        if (err == AEE_EVERSIONNOTSUPPORT) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "API HAP_user_etm_enable is not supported\n");
+        } else {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Error executing HAP_user_etm_enable with error code : 0x%x\n", err);
+        }
+    }
+    return err;
+}
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_disable_etm(remote_handle64 handle) {
+    int err = HAP_user_etm_disable();
+    if (err) {
+        if (err == AEE_EVERSIONNOTSUPPORT) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "API HAP_user_etm_disable is not supported\n");
+        } else {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Error executing HAP_user_etm_disable with error code : 0x%x\n", err);
+        }
+    }
+    return err;
+}
+
+static int vtcm_acquire(struct htp_context * ctx) {
+    int err;
+    if (!ctx->vtcm_valid) {
+        // Temporarily bump thread priority to make sure it's higher than other sessions.
+        // This way the resource manager will notify the other thread to release VTCM.
+        // Note that we need to reaquire VTCM at normal priority for this to work next time.
+        qurt_thread_set_priority(qurt_thread_get_id(), ctx->thread_prio - 10);
+        err = HAP_compute_res_acquire_cached(ctx->vtcm_rctx, 1000000);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Failed to acquire VTCM: 0x%08x", (unsigned)err);
+            abort();
+        }
+        HAP_compute_res_release_cached(ctx->vtcm_rctx);
+        qurt_thread_set_priority(qurt_thread_get_id(), ctx->thread_prio);
+
+        err = HAP_compute_res_acquire_cached(ctx->vtcm_rctx, 1000000);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Failed to acquire VTCM: 0x%08x", (unsigned)err);
+            abort();
+        }
+        ctx->vtcm_valid = true;
+    }
+
+    ctx->vtcm_inuse = true;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vtcm_release(struct htp_context * ctx) {
+    ctx->vtcm_inuse = false;
+
+    if (ctx->vtcm_valid && ctx->vtcm_needs_release) {
+        ctx->vtcm_valid         = false;
+        ctx->vtcm_needs_release = false;
+        HAP_compute_res_release_cached(ctx->vtcm_rctx);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vtcm_release_callback(unsigned int rctx, void * state) {
+    struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) state;
+
+    if (!ctx || ctx->vtcm_rctx != rctx) {
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    // If VTCM is not inuse (not processing Ops) release it right here
+    // otherwise we'll release it once we're done with the current Op.
+
+    if (ctx->vtcm_inuse) {
+        ctx->vtcm_needs_release = true;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ctx->vtcm_valid = false;
+    HAP_compute_res_release_cached(ctx->vtcm_rctx);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vtcm_alloc(struct htp_context * ctx) {
+    unsigned int vtcm_size = 8 * 1024 * 1024;  // 8MB default
+    HAP_compute_res_query_VTCM(0, &vtcm_size, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+    compute_res_attr_t attr;
+    HAP_compute_res_attr_init(&attr);
+    HAP_compute_res_attr_set_serialize(&attr, 0);
+    HAP_compute_res_attr_set_cache_mode(&attr, 1);
+    HAP_compute_res_attr_set_vtcm_param_v2(&attr, vtcm_size, 0, vtcm_size);
+    HAP_compute_res_attr_set_release_callback(&attr, vtcm_release_callback, (void *) ctx);
+    HAP_compute_res_attr_set_hmx_param(&attr, 1);
+
+    // Allocate VTCM for scratch pads
+    uint32_t rctx = HAP_compute_res_acquire(&attr, 1000000 /* timeout */);
+    if (!rctx) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "failed to allocate %zu bytes VTCM\n", ctx->vtcm_size);
+        return AEE_ENOMEMORY;
+    }
+
+    void * vtcm_ptr;
+    if (HAP_compute_res_attr_get_vtcm_ptr_v2(&attr, &vtcm_ptr, &vtcm_size) != 0) {
+        HAP_compute_res_release(rctx);
+        FARF(ERROR, "failed to allocate %zu bytes VTCM (new)\n", ctx->vtcm_size);
+        return AEE_ENOMEMORY;
+    }
+
+    ctx->vtcm_base          = (uint8_t *) vtcm_ptr;
+    ctx->vtcm_size          = vtcm_size;
+    ctx->vtcm_rctx          = rctx;
+    ctx->vtcm_valid         = false;
+    ctx->vtcm_inuse         = false;
+    ctx->vtcm_needs_release = false;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void vtcm_free(struct htp_context * ctx) {
+    if (ctx->vtcm_rctx) {
+        HAP_compute_res_release(ctx->vtcm_rctx);
+        ctx->vtcm_base = 0;
+        ctx->vtcm_rctx = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static void htp_packet_callback(dspqueue_t queue, int error, void * context);
+static void htp_error_callback(dspqueue_t queue, int error, void * context);
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_start(remote_handle64 handle, uint32 sess_id, uint64 dsp_queue_id, uint32 n_hvx) {
+    struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) handle;
+
+    if (!ctx) {
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->queue) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Queue already open");
+        return AEE_EITEMBUSY;
+    }
+
+    // Import queue created on the CPU
+    int err = dspqueue_import(dsp_queue_id,         // Queue ID from dspqueue_export
+                              htp_packet_callback,  // Packet callback
+                              htp_error_callback,   // Error callback; no errors expected on the DSP
+                              (void *) ctx,         // Callback context
+                              &ctx->queue);
+
+    if (err) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Queue import failed with 0x%08x", (unsigned) err);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    ctx->thread_id   = qurt_thread_get_id();
+    ctx->thread_prio = qurt_thread_get_priority(ctx->thread_id);
+
+    // allocate VTCM
+    err = vtcm_alloc(ctx);
+    if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Unable to allocate VTCM");
+        return AEE_ENOMEMORY;
+    }
+
+    qurt_sysenv_max_hthreads_t hw_threads;
+    qurt_sysenv_get_max_hw_threads(&hw_threads);
+    uint32_t hw_nhvx = (qurt_hvx_get_units() >> 8) & 0xFF;
+
+    if (n_hvx == 0) {
+        n_hvx = hw_nhvx;
+    }
+    if (n_hvx > hw_threads.max_hthreads) {
+        n_hvx = hw_threads.max_hthreads;
+    }
+    if (n_hvx > HTP_MAX_NTHREADS) {
+        n_hvx = HTP_MAX_NTHREADS;
+    }
+
+    ctx->n_threads = n_hvx;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_threads; i++) {
+        // see discussion https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18151#discussion_r2632388541
+        ctx->dma[i] = dma_queue_create(64);
+    }
+
+    // init worker pool
+    err = worker_pool_init(&ctx->worker_pool, n_hvx);
+    if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Unable to create worker pool");
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "session %u started: n-hvx %u vtcm-size %zu vtcm-rctx %u n-threads %u thread-id %d thread-prio %d \n",
+         sess_id, hw_nhvx, ctx->vtcm_size, ctx->vtcm_rctx, ctx->n_threads, ctx->thread_id, ctx->thread_prio);
+
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_stop(remote_handle64 handle) {
+    struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) handle;
+    if (!ctx) {
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    if (!ctx->queue) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Queue not open");
+        return AEE_EBADSTATE;
+    }
+
+    // Close queue. dspqueue_close() will also wait for callbacks to finish.
+    int err    = dspqueue_close(ctx->queue);
+    ctx->queue = NULL;
+    if (err != 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Queue close failed with 0x%08x", (unsigned) err);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->worker_pool) {
+        // Release worker pool
+        worker_pool_release(&ctx->worker_pool);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_threads; i++) {
+        dma_queue_delete(ctx->dma[i]);
+    }
+
+    vtcm_free(ctx);
+
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void htp_error_callback(dspqueue_t queue, int error, void * context) {
+    // No errors expected on the DSP.
+    FARF(ERROR, "Error callback: 0x%08x", (unsigned) error);
+}
+
+struct profile_data {
+    uint64_t usecs;
+    uint64_t cycles;
+    uint64_t pkts;
+};
+
+static inline void profile_start(struct profile_data * d) {
+    d->usecs  = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+    d->cycles = hex_get_cycles();
+    d->pkts   = hex_get_pktcnt();
+}
+
+static inline void profile_stop(struct profile_data * d) {
+    d->usecs  = HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - d->usecs);
+    d->cycles = hex_get_cycles() - d->cycles;
+    d->pkts   = hex_get_pktcnt() - d->pkts;
+}
+
+static int send_htp_rsp(struct htp_context *     c,
+                        uint32_t                 op,
+                        uint32_t                 status,
+                        struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs,
+                        size_t                   n_bufs,
+                        struct profile_data *    prof) {
+    // Prep response struct
+    struct htp_general_rsp rsp;
+    rsp.op          = op;
+    rsp.status      = status;
+    rsp.prof_usecs  = prof->usecs;
+    rsp.prof_cycles = prof->cycles;
+    rsp.prof_pkts   = prof->pkts;
+
+    int err = dspqueue_write(c->queue,
+                             0,                       // Flags
+                             n_bufs,
+                             bufs,                    // Buffer references
+                             sizeof(rsp),
+                             (const uint8_t *) &rsp,  // Message
+                             DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT_NONE);
+
+    if (err != 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "dspqueue_write failed: 0x%08x", (unsigned) err);
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+static void proc_matmul_req(struct htp_context *     ctx,
+                            struct htp_general_req * req,
+                            struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs,
+                            size_t                   n_bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[2].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[2].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[2].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[2].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_matmul(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_argsort_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[1].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[1].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[1].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[1].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    memcpy(octx.op_params, req->op_params, sizeof(octx.op_params));
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_argsort(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_cpy_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[1].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[1].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[1].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[1].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_cpy(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_get_rows_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[2].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[2].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[2].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[2].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_get_rows(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_matmul_id_req(struct htp_context *     ctx,
+                               struct htp_general_req * req,
+                               struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs,
+                               size_t                   n_bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[3].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[3].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[3].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[3].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    octx.src2                   = req->src2;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.src2.data = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[3].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_matmul_id(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_binary_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[2].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[2].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[2].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[2].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_binary(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_add_id_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[3].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[3].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[3].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[3].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    octx.src2                   = req->src2;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.src2.data = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[3].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_binary(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_unary_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[1].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[1].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[1].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[1].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    memcpy(octx.op_params, req->op_params, sizeof(octx.op_params));
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_unary(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_sum_rows_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[1].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[1].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[1].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[1].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    memcpy(octx.op_params, req->op_params, sizeof(octx.op_params));
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_sum_rows(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_ssm_conv_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+
+    // We've written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[2].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[2].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[2].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[2].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup OP context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    memcpy(octx.op_params, req->op_params, sizeof(octx.op_params));
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_ssm_conv(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_activations_req(struct htp_context *     ctx,
+                                 struct htp_general_req * req,
+                                 struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs,
+                                 uint32_t                 n_bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+
+    int write_idx = (n_bufs == 3) ? 2 : 1;
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[write_idx].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[write_idx].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[write_idx].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[write_idx].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                          DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT); // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    if (3 == n_bufs) {
+        octx.src1 = req->src1;
+    }
+    octx.dst   = req->dst;
+    octx.flags = req->flags;
+    octx.op    = req->op;
+
+    memcpy(octx.op_params, req->op_params, sizeof(octx.op_params));
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    if (3 == n_bufs) {
+        octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+        octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    } else {
+        octx.dst.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    }
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        if (octx.op == HTP_OP_SOFTMAX) {
+            rsp_status = op_softmax(&octx);
+        } else {
+            rsp_status = op_activations(&octx);
+        }
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_rope_req(struct htp_context *     ctx,
+                          struct htp_general_req * req,
+                          struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs,
+                          uint32_t                 n_bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+
+    int write_idx = n_bufs - 1;
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[write_idx].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[write_idx].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[write_idx].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[write_idx].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                          DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT); // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    if (4 == n_bufs) {
+        octx.src2 = req->src2;
+    }
+    octx.dst   = req->dst;
+    octx.flags = req->flags;
+    octx.op    = req->op;
+
+    memcpy(octx.op_params, req->op_params, sizeof(octx.op_params));
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    if (4 == n_bufs) {
+        octx.src2.data = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+        octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[3].ptr;
+    } else {
+        octx.dst.data = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    }
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_rope(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_set_rows_req(struct htp_context * ctx, struct htp_general_req * req, struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs) {
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_bufs[1];
+
+    // We had written to the output buffer, we'd also need to flush it
+    rsp_bufs[0].fd     = bufs[2].fd;
+    rsp_bufs[0].ptr    = bufs[2].ptr;
+    rsp_bufs[0].offset = bufs[2].offset;
+    rsp_bufs[0].size   = bufs[2].size;
+    rsp_bufs[0].flags  = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                         DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT);  // Invalidate CPU
+
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx = { 0 };
+    octx.ctx                    = ctx;
+    octx.src0                   = req->src0;
+    octx.src1                   = req->src1;
+    octx.dst                    = req->dst;
+    octx.flags                  = req->flags;
+    octx.op                     = req->op;
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.dst.data  = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_set_rows(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, rsp_bufs, 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void proc_flash_attn_ext_req(struct htp_context *     ctx,
+                                    struct htp_general_req * req,
+                                    struct dspqueue_buffer * bufs,
+                                    uint32_t                 n_bufs) {
+    // Setup Op context
+    struct htp_ops_context octx;
+    memset(&octx, 0, sizeof(octx));
+
+    octx.ctx   = ctx;
+    octx.n_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    octx.src0  = req->src0;
+    octx.src1  = req->src1;
+    octx.src2  = req->src2;
+    octx.src3  = req->src3;
+    octx.src4  = req->src4;
+    octx.dst   = req->dst;
+    octx.flags = req->flags;
+    octx.op    = req->op;
+
+    memcpy(octx.op_params, req->op_params, sizeof(octx.op_params));
+
+    // Update data pointers
+    octx.src0.data = (uint32_t) bufs[0].ptr;
+    octx.src1.data = (uint32_t) bufs[1].ptr;
+    octx.src2.data = (uint32_t) bufs[2].ptr;
+
+    int last_buf = 3;
+
+    if (octx.src3.ne[0]) {
+        octx.src3.data = (uint32_t) bufs[last_buf++].ptr; // mask is valid
+    }
+
+    if (octx.src4.ne[0]) {
+        octx.src4.data = (uint32_t) bufs[last_buf++].ptr; // sinks is valid
+    }
+
+    octx.dst.data = (uint32_t) bufs[last_buf].ptr;
+
+    struct profile_data prof;
+    profile_start(&prof);
+
+    uint32_t rsp_status = HTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERR;
+    if (vtcm_acquire(ctx) == AEE_SUCCESS) {
+        rsp_status = op_flash_attn_ext(&octx);
+        vtcm_release(ctx);
+    }
+
+    profile_stop(&prof);
+
+    struct dspqueue_buffer rsp_buf = bufs[last_buf];
+    rsp_buf.flags = (DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER |         // Flush HTP
+                     DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT); // Invalidate CPU
+
+    send_htp_rsp(ctx, req->op, rsp_status, &bufs[last_buf], 1, &prof);
+}
+
+static void htp_packet_callback(dspqueue_t queue, int error, void * context) {
+    struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) context;
+
+    // Repeatedly read packets from the queue until it's empty. We don't
+    // necessarily get a separate callback for each packet, and new packets
+    // may arrive while we're processing the previous one. This ensures we
+    // keep the DSP busy as much as possible and avoid waiting for the CPU.
+
+    while (1) {
+        struct htp_general_req req;
+        uint32_t               req_size;
+
+        struct dspqueue_buffer bufs[HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS];
+        uint32_t               n_bufs;
+        uint32_t               flags;
+
+        // Read packet from queue
+        int err = dspqueue_read_noblock(queue, &flags,
+                                        HTP_MAX_PACKET_BUFFERS,  // Maximum number of buffer references
+                                        &n_bufs,                 // Number of buffer references
+                                        bufs,                    // Buffer references
+                                        sizeof(req),             // Max message length
+                                        &req_size,               // Message length
+                                        (uint8_t *) &req);       // Message
+
+        if (err == AEE_EWOULDBLOCK) {
+            // Consumed all packets available for now
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (err != 0) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "dspqueue_read_noblock failed: 0x%08x", (unsigned) err);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (req_size != sizeof(req)) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Invalid request size");
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (req.flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_EARLY_WAKEUP) {
+            // Host wants early notification
+            dspqueue_write_early_wakeup_noblock(ctx->queue, 10, 0);
+        }
+
+        // Process packet based on its message type
+        switch (req.op) {
+            case HTP_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                if (n_bufs != 3) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad matmul-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_matmul_req(ctx, &req, bufs, n_bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+                if (n_bufs != 4) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad matmul-id-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_matmul_id_req(ctx, &req, bufs, n_bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_MUL:
+            case HTP_OP_ADD:
+            case HTP_OP_SUB:
+            case HTP_OP_DIV:
+                if (n_bufs != 3) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad binary-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_binary_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            case HTP_OP_SCALE:
+                if (n_bufs != 2) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad unary-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                proc_unary_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_SQR:
+            case HTP_OP_SQRT:
+                if (n_bufs != 2) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad unary-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                proc_unary_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+                if (n_bufs != 2) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad unary-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                proc_sum_rows_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_UNARY_SILU:
+            case HTP_OP_UNARY_GELU:
+                if (n_bufs != 2) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad act-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_activations_req(ctx, &req, bufs, n_bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU:
+            case HTP_OP_GLU_SWIGLU_OAI:
+            case HTP_OP_SOFTMAX:
+            case HTP_OP_GLU_GEGLU:
+                if ((n_bufs != 2) && (n_bufs != 3)) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad act-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_activations_req(ctx, &req, bufs, n_bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_ADD_ID:
+                if (n_bufs != 4) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad add-id-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_add_id_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_ROPE:
+                if ((n_bufs != 3) && (n_bufs != 4)) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad rope-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_rope_req(ctx, &req, bufs, n_bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+                if (!(n_bufs >= 4 && n_bufs <= 6)) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad flash-attn-ext-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_flash_attn_ext_req(ctx, &req, bufs, n_bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_SET_ROWS:
+                if (n_bufs != 3) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad set-rows-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_set_rows_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_GET_ROWS:
+                if (n_bufs != 3) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad get-rows-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_get_rows_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_CPY:
+                if (n_bufs != 2) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad cpy-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_cpy_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_ARGSORT:
+                if (n_bufs != 2) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad argsort-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_argsort_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            case HTP_OP_SSM_CONV:
+                if (n_bufs != 3) {
+                    FARF(ERROR, "Bad ssm-conv-req buffer list");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                proc_ssm_conv_req(ctx, &req, bufs);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                FARF(ERROR, "Unknown Op %u", req.op);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/matmul-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/matmul-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73aaba79ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/matmul-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2670 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+#include "hvx-dump.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+#define MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS 16
+#define MM_SPAD_SRC1_NROWS 16
+#define MM_SPAD_DST_NROWS  2
+
+struct htp_matmul_context {
+    const char * type;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+
+    void (*vec_dot_1x1)(const int n, float * restrict s0,
+         const void * restrict vx0,
+         const void * restrict vy0);
+
+    void (*vec_dot_2x1)(const int n, float * restrict s0,
+         const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+         const void * restrict vy0);
+
+    void (*vec_dot_2x2)(const int n, float * restrict s0, float * restrict s1,
+         const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+         const void * restrict vy0, const void * restrict vy1);
+
+    // Precomputed values
+    uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    uint32_t src1_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    struct fastdiv_values mm_div_ne12_ne1;
+    struct fastdiv_values mm_div_ne1;
+    struct fastdiv_values mm_div_r2;
+    struct fastdiv_values mm_div_r3;
+};
+
+// vdelta control to expand first 32 e8m0 values into 32 uint32 elements
+static const uint8_t __attribute__((aligned(128))) expand_x32_e8m0[128] = {
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x08, 0x08, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x11, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x20, 0x24, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+    0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x11, 0x12, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x01, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x08, 0x08,
+    0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x44, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x41, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x42, 0x40, 0x44, 0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x48,
+    0x48, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x20, 0x24, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x20, 0x20,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t __attribute__((aligned(VLEN))) kvalues_mxfp4_lut[] = {
+    0,    0, 1,    0, 2,    0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 8, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0xff, 0, 0xfe, 0, 0xfd, 0, 0xfc, 0,
+    0xfa, 0, 0xf8, 0, 0xf4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0,
+    0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0,
+    0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0,
+    0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,    0, 0,    0, 0,    0,
+};
+
+// q4x4x2 and q8x4x2 are the flat q4/8_0 formats where all quants are stored first followed by all scales
+
+static inline size_t q8x4x2_row_size(uint32_t ne) {
+    // ensures perfect alignment of quants and full row
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q8_0x4x2;
+    const uint32_t nb = (ne + qk - 1) / qk;
+    return hex_round_up(ne + nb * 8 * sizeof(__fp16), 128);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector_x8 hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_full(const uint8_t * restrict ptr) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vptr = (const HVX_Vector *) ptr;
+
+    HVX_Vector v0_1 = vptr[0];  // first 256 elements (128 bytes)
+    HVX_Vector v2_3 = vptr[1];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v4_5 = vptr[2];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v6_7 = vptr[3];  // ...
+
+    const HVX_Vector mask_h4 = Q6_Vb_vsplat_R(0x0F);
+    const HVX_Vector i8 = Q6_Vb_vsplat_R(8);
+
+    HVX_Vector v0 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v0_1, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F : first  128 elements
+    HVX_Vector v1 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v0_1, 4);    // >> 4   : second 128 elements
+    HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v2_3, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F ...
+    HVX_Vector v3 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v2_3, 4);    // >> 4
+    HVX_Vector v4 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v4_5, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F
+    HVX_Vector v5 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v4_5, 4);    // >> 4
+    HVX_Vector v6 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v6_7, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F
+    HVX_Vector v7 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v6_7, 4);    // >> 4
+
+    // Convert uint4 to int4 (i.e. x - 8)
+    v0 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v0, i8);
+    v1 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v1, i8);
+    v2 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v2, i8);
+    v3 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v3, i8);
+    v4 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v4, i8);
+    v5 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v5, i8);
+    v6 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v6, i8);
+    v7 = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v7, i8);
+
+    HVX_Vector_x8 r = { v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7 };
+    return r;
+}
+
+static HVX_Vector_x8 hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_partial(const uint8_t * restrict ptr, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vptr = (const HVX_Vector *) ptr;
+
+    const uint32_t qk   = QK_Q4_0x4x2; // 256
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % qk;
+
+    const HVX_Vector mask_h4 = Q6_Vb_vsplat_R(0x0F);
+    const HVX_Vector i8      = Q6_Vb_vsplat_R(8);
+
+    HVX_Vector_x8 r;
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (i=0; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v = vptr[i];                    // 256 elements (128 bytes)
+        HVX_Vector v0 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F : first  128 elements
+        HVX_Vector v1 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v, 4);    // >> 4   : second 128 elements
+        r.v[i*2+0] = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v0, i8);
+        r.v[i*2+1] = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(v1, i8);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector v = vptr[i];                    // 256 elements (128 bytes)
+        HVX_Vector v0 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F : even 128 elements
+        HVX_Vector v1 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v, 4);    // >> 4   : odd  128 elements
+        HVX_VectorPair v0_1_p = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(v1, v0, -1); // zip even:odd:...
+        r.v[i*2+0] = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(Q6_V_lo_W(v0_1_p), i8);
+        r.v[i*2+1] = Q6_Vb_vsub_VbVb(Q6_V_hi_W(v0_1_p), i8);
+    }
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector_x8 hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_full(const uint8_t * restrict ptr) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vptr = (const HVX_Vector *) ptr;
+
+    HVX_Vector v0_1 = vptr[0];  // first 256 elements (128 bytes)
+    HVX_Vector v2_3 = vptr[1];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v4_5 = vptr[2];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v6_7 = vptr[3];  // ...
+
+    const HVX_Vector mask_h4 = Q6_Vb_vsplat_R(0x0F);
+    const HVX_Vector lut = *(const HVX_Vector *) kvalues_mxfp4_lut;
+
+    HVX_Vector v0 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v0_1, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F
+    HVX_Vector v1 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v0_1, 4);    // >> 4
+    HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v2_3, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F
+    HVX_Vector v3 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v2_3, 4);    // >> 4
+    HVX_Vector v4 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v4_5, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F
+    HVX_Vector v5 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v4_5, 4);    // >> 4
+    HVX_Vector v6 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v6_7, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F
+    HVX_Vector v7 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v6_7, 4);    // >> 4
+
+    v0 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v0, lut, 0);
+    v1 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v1, lut, 0);
+    v2 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v2, lut, 0);
+    v3 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v3, lut, 0);
+    v4 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v4, lut, 0);
+    v5 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v5, lut, 0);
+    v6 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v6, lut, 0);
+    v7 = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v7, lut, 0);
+
+    HVX_Vector_x8 r = { v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7 };
+    return r;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector_x8 hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_partial(const uint8_t * restrict ptr, uint32_t n) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vptr = (const HVX_Vector *) ptr;
+
+    const uint32_t qk   = QK_Q4_0x4x2; // 256
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % qk;
+
+    const HVX_Vector mask_h4 = Q6_Vb_vsplat_R(0x0F);
+    const HVX_Vector lut     = *(const HVX_Vector *) kvalues_mxfp4_lut;
+
+    HVX_Vector_x8 r;
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (i=0; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v = vptr[i];                    // 256 elements (128 bytes)
+        HVX_Vector v0 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F : first  128 elements
+        HVX_Vector v1 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v, 4);    // >> 4   : second 128 elements
+        r.v[i*2+0] = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v0, lut, 0);
+        r.v[i*2+1] = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(v1, lut, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector v = vptr[i];                    // 256 elements (128 bytes)
+        HVX_Vector v0 = Q6_V_vand_VV(v, mask_h4);  // & 0x0F : even 128 elements
+        HVX_Vector v1 = Q6_Vub_vlsr_VubR(v, 4);    // >> 4   : odd  128 elements
+        HVX_VectorPair v0_1_p = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(v1, v0, -1); // zip even:odd:...
+        r.v[i*2+0] = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(Q6_V_lo_W(v0_1_p), lut, 0);
+        r.v[i*2+1] = Q6_Vb_vlut32_VbVbI(Q6_V_hi_W(v0_1_p), lut, 0);
+    }
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector_x8 hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(const uint8_t * restrict ptr) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vptr = (const HVX_Vector *) ptr;
+
+    HVX_Vector v0 = vptr[0];  // first  128 vals
+    HVX_Vector v1 = vptr[1];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v2 = vptr[2];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v3 = vptr[3];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v4 = vptr[4];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v5 = vptr[5];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v6 = vptr[6];  // ...
+    HVX_Vector v7 = vptr[7];  // ...
+
+    HVX_Vector_x8 r = { v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7 };
+    return r;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector_x8 hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(const uint8_t * restrict ptr, uint32_t nloe) {
+    return hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(ptr);
+}
+
+// Reduce multiply 1024 x 1024 int8 elements (32x q4/8 blocks in 8x HVX vectors).
+// Accumulate each block into a single int32 value.
+// Return a single HVX vector with 32x int32 accumulators.
+// This version is parameterized to support less than 1024 elements.
+// if() checks are optimized out at compile time -- make sure to pass N as a constexpr.
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_n(HVX_Vector_x8 x, HVX_Vector_x8 y, unsigned int n) {
+    HVX_Vector r0 = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1 = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r2 = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r3 = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r4 = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r5 = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r6 = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r7 = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    HVX_VectorPair p3;
+    HVX_VectorPair p2;
+    HVX_VectorPair p1;
+    HVX_VectorPair p0;
+
+    if (n >=  128) { r0 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[0], y.v[0]); }
+    if (n >=  256) { r1 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[1], y.v[1]); }
+    if (n >=  384) { r2 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[2], y.v[2]); }
+    if (n >=  512) { r3 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[3], y.v[3]); }
+    if (n >=  640) { r4 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[4], y.v[4]); }
+    if (n >=  768) { r5 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[5], y.v[5]); }
+    if (n >=  896) { r6 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[6], y.v[6]); }
+    if (n >= 1024) { r7 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[7], y.v[7]); }
+
+    if (n >=  128) { p0 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r1, r0, -4); }
+    if (n >=  384) { p1 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r3, r2, -4); }
+    if (n >=  640) { p2 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r5, r4, -4); }
+    if (n >=  896) { p3 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r7, r6, -4); }
+
+    if (n >=  128) { r0 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p0), Q6_V_hi_W(p0)); }
+    if (n >=  384) { r1 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p1), Q6_V_hi_W(p1)); }
+    if (n >=  640) { r2 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p2), Q6_V_hi_W(p2)); }
+    if (n >=  896) { r3 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p3), Q6_V_hi_W(p3)); }
+
+    if (n >=  128) { p0 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r1, r0, -4); }
+    if (n >=  640) { p1 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r3, r2, -4); }
+
+    if (n >=  128) { r0 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p0), Q6_V_hi_W(p0)); }
+    if (n >=  640) { r1 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p1), Q6_V_hi_W(p1)); }
+
+    if (n >=  128) { p0 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r1, r0, -4); }
+    if (n >=  128) { r0 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p0), Q6_V_hi_W(p0)); }
+
+    return r0;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(HVX_Vector_x8 x, HVX_Vector_x8 y) {
+    HVX_Vector r0 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[0], y.v[0]);
+    HVX_Vector r1 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[1], y.v[1]);
+    HVX_Vector r2 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[2], y.v[2]);
+    HVX_Vector r3 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[3], y.v[3]);
+    HVX_Vector r4 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[4], y.v[4]);
+    HVX_Vector r5 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[5], y.v[5]);
+    HVX_Vector r6 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[6], y.v[6]);
+    HVX_Vector r7 = Q6_Vw_vrmpy_VbVb(x.v[7], y.v[7]);
+
+    HVX_VectorPair p0 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r1, r0, -4);
+    HVX_VectorPair p1 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r3, r2, -4);
+    HVX_VectorPair p2 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r5, r4, -4);
+    HVX_VectorPair p3 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r7, r6, -4);
+
+    r0 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p0), Q6_V_hi_W(p0));
+    r1 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p1), Q6_V_hi_W(p1));
+    r2 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p2), Q6_V_hi_W(p2));
+    r3 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p3), Q6_V_hi_W(p3));
+
+    p0 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r1, r0, -4);
+    p1 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r3, r2, -4);
+
+    r0 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p0), Q6_V_hi_W(p0));
+    r1 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p1), Q6_V_hi_W(p1));
+
+    p0 = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(r1, r0, -4);
+    r0 = Q6_Vw_vadd_VwVw(Q6_V_lo_W(p0), Q6_V_hi_W(p0));
+
+    return r0;
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(HVX_Vector_x8 x, HVX_Vector_x8 y, unsigned int n) {
+    if (n >= 512)
+        return hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(x, y);
+
+    return hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(x, y, 512);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_q4x4x2_q8x4x2_1x1(const int n, float * restrict s0, const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vy0) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);  // min sub-block size
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk / 2;                                      // int4
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n / 2;                                       // int4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0 + 0);            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0 + x_qrow_size);  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + 0);               // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + y_qrow_size);     // then scales
+
+    // Row sum (sf)
+    HVX_Vector r0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // Multiply and accumulate into int32.
+    // Compute combined scale (fp32).
+    // Apply scale to acc and accumulate into the row sum (qf32).
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elemements
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy_q));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+
+        // Zero out unused elements
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_dd);
+        r0_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+    }
+
+    r0_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(r0_sum);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 4, r0_sum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_q4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x1(const int n, float * restrict s0,
+                                      const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                      const void * restrict vy0) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);  // min sub-block size
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx1 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk / 2;                                      // int4
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n / 2;                                       // int4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + 0);               // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + y_qrow_size);     // then scales
+
+    // Row sum (sf)
+    HVX_Vector r0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // Multiply and accumulate into int32.
+    // Compute combined scale (fp32).
+    // Apply scale to acc and accumulate into the row sum (qf32).
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elemements
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_full(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy_q));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy_d)));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_ia, r1_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+        r1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_fa, r1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_partial(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy_d)));
+
+        // Zero out unused elements
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_dd);
+        r1_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_dd);
+        r0_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_ia);
+        r1_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_ia, r1_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+        r1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_fa, r1_sum));
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_sum, r1_sum);
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 8, rsum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_q4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x2(const int n, float * restrict s0, float * restrict s1,
+                                        const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                        const void * restrict vy0, const void * restrict vy1) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx1 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy1 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk / 2;                                      // int4
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n / 2;                                       // int4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y0_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y0_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + y_qrow_size;    // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict y1_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy1) + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y1_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy1) + y_qrow_size;    // then scales
+
+    // Row sums (sf) - 4 accumulators for 2×2 tile
+    HVX_Vector r0_c0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r0_c1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_c0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_c1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elements
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Load src1 columns (reused across both src0 rows)
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y0_q + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y1_q + i * y_qblk_size);
+
+        // Load src0 rows (reused across both src1 columns)
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_full(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        // Compute 4 dot products: r0×c0, r0×c1, r1×c0, r1×c1
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy0_q));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy1_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy0_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy1_q));
+
+        // Load scales
+        HVX_Vector vy0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y0_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector vy1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y1_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        // Compute combined scales
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy1_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy1_d)));
+
+        // Apply scales and accumulate
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c0_ia, r0_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c1_ia, r0_c1_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c0_ia, r1_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c1_ia, r1_c1_dd);
+
+        r0_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c0_fa, r0_c0_sum));
+        r0_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c1_fa, r0_c1_sum));
+        r1_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c0_fa, r1_c0_sum));
+        r1_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c1_fa, r1_c1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y0_q   + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y1_q   + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q  = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q  = hvx_vec_load_q4x4x8_partial(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy0_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy1_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy0_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy1_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y0_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector vy1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y1_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy1_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy1_d)));
+
+        // Zero out unused scales
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_c0_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c0_dd);
+        r0_c1_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c1_dd);
+        r1_c0_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c0_dd);
+        r1_c1_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c1_dd);
+        r0_c0_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c0_ia);
+        r0_c1_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c1_ia);
+        r1_c0_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c0_ia);
+        r1_c1_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c1_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c0_ia, r0_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c1_ia, r0_c1_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c0_ia, r1_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c1_ia, r1_c1_dd);
+
+        r0_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c0_fa, r0_c0_sum));
+        r0_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c1_fa, r0_c1_sum));
+        r1_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c0_fa, r1_c0_sum));
+        r1_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c1_fa, r1_c1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Reduce and store results
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c0_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c0_sum, r1_c0_sum);
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c1_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c1_sum, r1_c1_sum);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 8, r0_r1_c0_sum);  // row0,col0 row1,col0
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s1, 8, r0_r1_c1_sum);  // row0,col1 row1,col1
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_q8x4x2_q8x4x2_1x1(const int n, float * restrict s0, const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vy0) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);  // min sub-block size
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                  // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk;                                         // int8
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n;                                          // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                  // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                         // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                          // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0 + 0);           // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0 + x_qrow_size); // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + 0);              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + y_qrow_size);    // then scales
+
+    // Row sum (sf)
+    HVX_Vector r0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // Multiply and accumulate into int32.
+    // Compute combined scale (fp32).
+    // Apply scale to acc and accumulate into the row sum (qf32).
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    int32_t        nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elemements (must be signed)
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy_q));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+
+        // Zero out unused elements
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_dd);
+        r0_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+    }
+
+    r0_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(r0_sum);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 4, r0_sum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_q8x4x2_q8x4x2_2x1(const int n, float * restrict s0,
+                                      const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                      const void * restrict vy0) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);  // min sub-block size
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx1 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q4_0x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + 0);               // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + y_qrow_size);     // then scales
+
+    // Row sum (qf32)
+    HVX_Vector r0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // Multiply and accumulate into int32.
+    // Compute combined scale (fp32).
+    // Apply scale to acc and accumulate into the row sum (qf32).
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    int32_t        nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elemements (must be signed)
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy_q));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy_d)));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_ia, r1_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+        r1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_fa, r1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y_q    + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy_d)));
+
+        // Zero out unused elements
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_dd);
+        r1_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_dd);
+        r0_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_ia);
+        r1_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_ia, r1_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+        r1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_fa, r1_sum));
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_sum, r1_sum);
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 8, rsum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_q8x4x2_q8x4x2_2x2(const int n, float * restrict s0, float * restrict s1,
+                                        const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                        const void * restrict vy0, const void * restrict vy1) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx1 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy1 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q8_0x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y0_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y0_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + y_qrow_size;    // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict y1_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy1) + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y1_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy1) + y_qrow_size;    // then scales
+
+    // Row sums (sf) - 4 accumulators for 2×2 tile
+    HVX_Vector r0_c0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r0_c1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_c0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_c1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elements
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Load src1 columns (reused across both src0 rows)
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y0_q + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y1_q + i * y_qblk_size);
+
+        // Load src0 rows (reused across both src1 columns)
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        // Compute 4 dot products: r0×c0, r0×c1, r1×c0, r1×c1
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy0_q));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy1_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy0_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy1_q));
+
+        // Load scales
+        HVX_Vector vy0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y0_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector vy1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y1_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        // Compute combined scales
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy1_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy1_d)));
+
+        // Apply scales and accumulate
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c0_ia, r0_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c1_ia, r0_c1_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c0_ia, r1_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c1_ia, r1_c1_dd);
+
+        r0_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c0_fa, r0_c0_sum));
+        r0_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c1_fa, r0_c1_sum));
+        r1_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c0_fa, r1_c0_sum));
+        r1_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c1_fa, r1_c1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y0_q   + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(y1_q   + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q  = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q  = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy0_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy1_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy0_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy1_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy0_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y0_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector vy1_d = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (y1_d   + i * y_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r0_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+        HVX_Vector r1_d  = Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(*(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r0_d, vy1_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy0_d)));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(r1_d, vy1_d)));
+
+        // Zero out unused elements
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_c0_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c0_dd);
+        r0_c1_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c1_dd);
+        r1_c0_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c0_dd);
+        r1_c1_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c1_dd);
+        r0_c0_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c0_ia);
+        r0_c1_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c1_ia);
+        r1_c0_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c0_ia);
+        r1_c1_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c1_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c0_ia, r0_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c1_ia, r0_c1_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c0_ia, r1_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c1_ia, r1_c1_dd);
+
+        r0_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c0_fa, r0_c0_sum));
+        r0_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c1_fa, r0_c1_sum));
+        r1_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c0_fa, r1_c0_sum));
+        r1_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c1_fa, r1_c1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Reduce and store results
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c0_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c0_sum, r1_c0_sum);
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c1_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c1_sum, r1_c1_sum);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s0[0], 8, r0_r1_c0_sum);  // row0,col0 row1,col0
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s1[0], 8, r0_r1_c1_sum);  // row0,col1 row1,col1
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_mxfp4x4x2_q8x4x2_1x1(const int n, float * restrict s0, const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vy0) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);  // min sub-block size
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_MXFP4x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 1;                                  // 32x e8m0
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk / 2;                                     // fp4
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n / 2;                                      // fp4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                  // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                         // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                          // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0 + 0);           // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0 + x_qrow_size); // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + 0);              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0 + y_qrow_size);    // then scales
+
+    // Row sum (sf)
+    HVX_Vector r0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // Multiply and accumulate into int32.
+    // Compute combined scale (fp32).
+    // Apply scale to acc and accumulate into the row sum (qf32).
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    int32_t        nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elemements (must be signed)
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(   y_q    + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy_q));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+
+        // Convert vy_d from fp16 to fp32 while applying 0.5 scaling which is used for e8m0 halving
+        HVX_Vector half = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3800);  // 0.5 in fp16
+        vy_d            = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy_d), half));
+        vy_d            = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy_d);
+
+        // Convert rX_d scales from e8m0 to fp32
+        // Expand and zero-pad 32x uint8 e8m0 values to uint32s : 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, ...
+        // Left shift with zero fill to create FP32
+        // FIXME: might need to handle zero as a special case (see ggml-cpu code)
+        HVX_Vector expand    = *(const HVX_Vector *) expand_x32_e8m0;
+        HVX_Vector e8m0_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x000000ff);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r0_d, expand);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r0_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r0_d, 23);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy_d));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(   y_q    + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+
+        // Convert vy_d from fp16 to fp32 while applying 0.5 scaling which is used for e8m0 halving
+        HVX_Vector half = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3800);  // 0.5 in fp16
+        vy_d            = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy_d), half));
+        vy_d            = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy_d);
+
+        // Convert rX_d scales from e8m0 to fp32
+        // Expand and zero-pad 32x uint8 e8m0 values to uint32s : 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, ...
+        // Left shift with zero fill to create FP32
+        // FIXME: might need to handle zero as a special case (see ggml-cpu code)
+        HVX_Vector expand    = *(const HVX_Vector *) expand_x32_e8m0;
+        HVX_Vector e8m0_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x000000ff);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r0_d, expand);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r0_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r0_d, 23);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy_d));
+
+        // Zero-out unused scales
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_dd);
+        r0_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+    }
+
+    r0_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(r0_sum);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 4, r0_sum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_mxfp4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x1(const int n, float * restrict s0,
+                                      const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                      const void * restrict vy0) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);  // min sub-block size
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx1 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_MXFP4x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 1;                                   // 32x e8m0
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk / 2;                                      // fp4
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n / 2;                                       // fp4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + 0;               // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + y_qrow_size;     // then scales
+
+    // Row sum (sf)
+    HVX_Vector r0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // Multiply and accumulate into int32.
+    // Compute combined scale (fp32).
+    // Apply scale to acc and accumulate into the row sum (f32).
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    int32_t        nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elemements (must be signed)
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(   y_q    + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_full(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy_q));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r1_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+
+        // Convert vy_d from fp16 to fp32 while applying 0.5 scaling which is used for e8m0 halving
+        HVX_Vector half = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3800);  // 0.5 in fp16
+        vy_d            = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy_d), half));
+        vy_d            = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy_d);
+
+        // Convert rX_d scales from e8m0 to fp32
+        // Expand and zero-pad 32x uint8 e8m0 values to uint32s : 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, ...
+        // Left shift with zero fill to create FP32
+        // FIXME: might need to handle zero as a special case (see ggml-cpu code)
+        HVX_Vector expand    = *(const HVX_Vector *) expand_x32_e8m0;
+        HVX_Vector e8m0_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x000000ff);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r0_d, expand);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r0_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r0_d, 23);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r1_d, expand);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r1_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r1_d, 23);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy_d));
+        HVX_Vector r1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_d, vy_d));
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_ia, r1_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+        r1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_fa, r1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(   y_q    + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_partial(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy_q));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y_d    + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r0_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r1_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+
+        // Convert vy_d from fp16 to fp32 while applying 0.5 scaling which is used for e8m0 halving
+        HVX_Vector half = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3800);  // 0.5 in fp16
+        vy_d            = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy_d), half));
+        vy_d            = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy_d);
+
+        // Convert rX_d scales from e8m0 to fp32
+        // Expand and zero-pad 32x uint8 e8m0 values to uint32s : 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, ...
+        // Left shift with zero fill to create FP32
+        // FIXME: might need to handle zero as a special case (see ggml-cpu code)
+        HVX_Vector expand    = *(const HVX_Vector *) expand_x32_e8m0;
+        HVX_Vector e8m0_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x000000ff);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r0_d, expand);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r0_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r0_d, 23);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r1_d, expand);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r1_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r1_d, 23);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy_d));
+        HVX_Vector r1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_d, vy_d));
+
+        // Zero-out unused values
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_dd);
+        r1_dd                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_dd);
+        r0_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_ia);
+        r1_ia                = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_ia, r0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_ia, r1_dd);
+
+        r0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_fa, r0_sum));
+        r1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_fa, r1_sum));
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_sum, r1_sum);
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 8, rsum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_mxfp4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x2(const int n, float * restrict s0, float * restrict s1,
+                                        const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                        const void * restrict vy0, const void * restrict vy1) {
+    assert(n % 32 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vx1 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy0 % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) vy1 % 128 == 0);
+
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_MXFP4x4x2 * 4;
+
+    const uint32_t x_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 1;                                   // 32x e8m0
+    const uint32_t x_qblk_size = qk / 2;                                      // fp4
+    const uint32_t x_qrow_size = n / 2;                                       // fp4 (not padded)
+
+    const uint32_t y_dblk_size = 8 * 4 * 2;                                   // 32x __fp16
+    const uint32_t y_qblk_size = qk;                                          // int8
+    const uint32_t y_qrow_size = n;                                           // int8 (not padded)
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r0_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx0) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_q = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + 0;            // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict r1_x_d = ((const uint8_t *) vx1) + x_qrow_size;  // then scales
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict y0_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y0_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy0) + y_qrow_size;    // then scales
+    const uint8_t * restrict y1_q = ((const uint8_t *) vy1) + 0;              // quants first
+    const uint8_t * restrict y1_d = ((const uint8_t *) vy1) + y_qrow_size;    // then scales
+
+    // Row sums (sf) - 4 accumulators for 2×2 tile
+    HVX_Vector r0_c0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r0_c1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_c0_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector r1_c1_sum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    const uint32_t nb   = n / qk;  // num full blocks
+    const uint32_t nloe = n % qk;  // num leftover elements
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < nb; i++) {
+        // Load src1 columns (reused across both src0 rows)
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y0_q + i * y_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_full(y1_q + i * y_qblk_size);
+
+        // Load src0 rows (reused across both src1 columns)
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_full(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_full(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size);
+
+        // Compute 4 dot products: r0×c0, r0×c1, r1×c0, r1×c1
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy0_q));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r0_q, vy1_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy0_q));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_full(r1_q, vy1_q));
+
+        // Load scales
+        HVX_Vector vy0_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y0_d   + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector vy1_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y1_d   + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r0_d  = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r1_d  = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+
+        // Convert vy_d from fp16 to fp32 while applying 0.5 scaling which is used for e8m0 halving
+        HVX_Vector half = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3800);  // 0.5 in fp16
+        vy0_d           = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy0_d), half));
+        vy0_d           = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy0_d);
+        vy1_d           = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy1_d), half));
+        vy1_d           = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy1_d);
+
+        // Convert rX_d scales from e8m0 to fp32
+        // Expand and zero-pad 32x uint8 e8m0 values to uint32s : 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, ...
+        // Left shift with zero fill to create FP32
+        // FIXME: might need to handle zero as a special case (see ggml-cpu code)
+        HVX_Vector expand    = *(const HVX_Vector *) expand_x32_e8m0;
+        HVX_Vector e8m0_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x000000ff);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r0_d, expand);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r0_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r0_d, 23);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r1_d, expand);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r1_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r1_d, 23);
+
+        // Compute combined scales
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy0_d));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy1_d));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_d, vy0_d));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_d, vy1_d));
+
+        // Apply scales and accumulate
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c0_ia, r0_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c1_ia, r0_c1_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c0_ia, r1_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c1_ia, r1_c1_dd);
+
+        r0_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c0_fa, r0_c0_sum));
+        r0_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c1_fa, r0_c1_sum));
+        r1_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c0_fa, r1_c0_sum));
+        r1_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c1_fa, r1_c1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Process leftovers
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy0_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(   y0_q   + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 vy1_q = hvx_vec_load_q8x4x8_partial(   y1_q   + i * y_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r0_q  = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_partial(r0_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+        HVX_Vector_x8 r1_q  = hvx_vec_load_mxfp4x4x8_partial(r1_x_q + i * x_qblk_size, nloe);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy0_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r0_q, vy1_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy0_q, nloe));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_ia = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vw(hvx_vec_rmpy_x8_partial(r1_q, vy1_q, nloe));
+
+        HVX_Vector vy0_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y0_d   + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector vy1_d = *(const HVX_UVector *) (y1_d   + i * y_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r0_d  = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r0_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+        HVX_Vector r1_d  = *(const HVX_UVector *) (r1_x_d + i * x_dblk_size);
+
+        // Convert vy_d from fp16 to fp32 while applying 0.5 scaling which is used for e8m0 halving
+        HVX_Vector half = Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x3800);  // 0.5 in fp16
+        vy0_d           = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy0_d), half));
+        vy0_d           = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy0_d);
+        vy1_d           = Q6_V_lo_W(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(Q6_Vh_vshuff_Vh(vy1_d), half));
+        vy1_d           = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(vy1_d);
+
+        // Convert rX_d scales from e8m0 to fp32
+        // Expand and zero-pad 32x uint8 e8m0 values to uint32s : 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, ...
+        // Left shift with zero fill to create FP32
+        // FIXME: might need to handle zero as a special case (see ggml-cpu code)
+        HVX_Vector expand    = *(const HVX_Vector *) expand_x32_e8m0;
+        HVX_Vector e8m0_mask = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x000000ff);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r0_d, expand);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r0_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r0_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r0_d, 23);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vdelta_VV(r1_d, expand);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_V_vand_VV(r1_d, e8m0_mask);
+        r1_d                 = Q6_Vw_vasl_VwR(r1_d, 23);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy0_d));
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_d, vy1_d));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_d, vy0_d));
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_dd = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_d, vy1_d));
+
+        // Zero out unused scales
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe / 8);
+        r0_c0_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c0_dd);
+        r0_c1_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c1_dd);
+        r1_c0_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c0_dd);
+        r1_c1_dd = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c1_dd);
+        r0_c0_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c0_ia);
+        r0_c1_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r0_c1_ia);
+        r1_c0_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c0_ia);
+        r1_c1_ia = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, r1_c1_ia);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c0_ia, r0_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r0_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r0_c1_ia, r0_c1_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c0_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c0_ia, r1_c0_dd);
+        HVX_Vector r1_c1_fa = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(r1_c1_ia, r1_c1_dd);
+
+        r0_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c0_fa, r0_c0_sum));
+        r0_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r0_c1_fa, r0_c1_sum));
+        r1_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c0_fa, r1_c0_sum));
+        r1_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(r1_c1_fa, r1_c1_sum));
+    }
+
+    // Reduce and store results
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c0_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c0_sum, r1_c0_sum);
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c1_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c1_sum, r1_c1_sum);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s0[0], 8, r0_r1_c0_sum);  // row0,col0 row1,col0
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s1[0], 8, r0_r1_c1_sum);  // row0,col1 row1,col1
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_f16_f16_aa_1x1(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict x = (const HVX_Vector *) vx;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict y = (const HVX_Vector *) vy;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16; // num full fp16 hvx vectors
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16; // leftover elements
+
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum_p = Q6_W_vzero();
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; i++) {
+        rsum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum_p, x[i], y[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe * 2);
+        HVX_Vector x_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, x[i]);
+        HVX_Vector y_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, y[i]);
+        rsum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum_p, x_hf, y_hf);
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum_p)));
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s, 4, hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(rsum));
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_f16_f16_aa_2x1(const int n, float * restrict s0,
+                                const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                const void * restrict vy0) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict x0 = (const HVX_Vector *) vx0;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict x1 = (const HVX_Vector *) vx1;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict y  = (const HVX_Vector *) vy0;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16;
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16;
+
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum0_p = Q6_W_vzero();
+    HVX_VectorPair rsum1_p = Q6_W_vzero();
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector y_hf = y[i];
+        rsum0_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum0_p, x0[i], y_hf);
+        rsum1_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum1_p, x1[i], y_hf);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe * 2);
+        HVX_Vector y_hf  = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, y[i]);
+        HVX_Vector x0_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, x0[i]);
+        HVX_Vector x1_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, x1[i]);
+        rsum0_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum0_p, x0_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum1_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(rsum1_p, x1_hf, y_hf);
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum0 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum0_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum0_p)));
+    HVX_Vector rsum1 = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(rsum1_p), Q6_V_hi_W(rsum1_p)));
+    HVX_Vector rsum  = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(rsum0, rsum1);
+    hvx_vec_store_u(s0, 8, rsum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_f16_f16_aa_2x2(const int n, float * restrict s0, float * restrict s1,
+                                const void * restrict vx0, const void * restrict vx1,
+                                const void * restrict vy0, const void * restrict vy1) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict x0 = (const HVX_Vector *) vx0;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict x1 = (const HVX_Vector *) vx1;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict y0 = (const HVX_Vector *) vy0;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict y1 = (const HVX_Vector *) vy1;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16;
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16;
+
+    // Row sums (sf) - 4 accumulators for 2×2 tile
+    HVX_VectorPair r0_c0_sum_p = Q6_W_vzero();
+    HVX_VectorPair r0_c1_sum_p = Q6_W_vzero();
+    HVX_VectorPair r1_c0_sum_p = Q6_W_vzero();
+    HVX_VectorPair r1_c1_sum_p = Q6_W_vzero();
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector r0_hf = x0[i];
+        HVX_Vector r1_hf = x1[i];
+        HVX_Vector c0_hf = y0[i];
+        HVX_Vector c1_hf = y1[i];
+
+        // Compute 4 dot products: r0×c0, r0×c1, r1×c0, r1×c1
+        r0_c0_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r0_c0_sum_p, r0_hf, c0_hf);
+        r0_c1_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r0_c1_sum_p, r0_hf, c1_hf);
+        r1_c0_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r1_c0_sum_p, r1_hf, c0_hf);
+        r1_c1_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r1_c1_sum_p, r1_hf, c1_hf);
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe * 2);
+
+        HVX_Vector r0_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, x0[i]);
+        HVX_Vector r1_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, x1[i]);
+        HVX_Vector c0_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, y0[i]);
+        HVX_Vector c1_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, y1[i]);
+
+        r0_c0_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r0_c0_sum_p, r0_hf, c0_hf);
+        r0_c1_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r0_c1_sum_p, r0_hf, c1_hf);
+        r1_c0_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r1_c0_sum_p, r1_hf, c0_hf);
+        r1_c1_sum_p = hvx_vec_mpyacc_f32_f16(r1_c1_sum_p, r1_hf, c1_hf);
+    }
+
+    HVX_Vector r0_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(r0_c0_sum_p), Q6_V_hi_W(r0_c0_sum_p)));
+    HVX_Vector r0_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(r0_c1_sum_p), Q6_V_hi_W(r0_c1_sum_p)));
+    HVX_Vector r1_c0_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(r1_c0_sum_p), Q6_V_hi_W(r1_c0_sum_p)));
+    HVX_Vector r1_c1_sum = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(r1_c1_sum_p), Q6_V_hi_W(r1_c1_sum_p)));
+
+    // Reduce and store results
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c0_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c0_sum, r1_c0_sum);
+    HVX_Vector r0_r1_c1_sum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32x2(r0_c1_sum, r1_c1_sum);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s0[0], 8, r0_r1_c0_sum);  // row0,col0 row1,col0
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s1[0], 8, r0_r1_c1_sum);  // row0,col1 row1,col1
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_f16_f16_uu_1x1(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy) {
+    const HVX_UVector * restrict x = (const HVX_UVector *) vx;
+    const HVX_UVector * restrict y = (const HVX_UVector *) vy;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16; // num full fp16 hvx vectors
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16; // leftover elements
+
+    HVX_Vector rsum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; i++) {
+        HVX_VectorPair xy_qf = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(x[i], y[i]);
+        rsum = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(rsum, Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(xy_qf),  Q6_V_hi_W(xy_qf)));
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe * 2);
+        HVX_Vector x_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, x[i]);
+        HVX_Vector y_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, y[i]);
+
+        HVX_VectorPair xy_qf = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(x_hf, y_hf);
+        rsum = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(rsum, Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(xy_qf),  Q6_V_hi_W(xy_qf)));
+    }
+
+    rsum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(rsum));
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s[0], 4, rsum);
+}
+
+static void vec_dot_f16_f32_uu_1x1(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict x, const void * restrict y) {
+    const HVX_UVector * restrict vx = (const HVX_UVector * restrict) x;
+    const HVX_UVector * restrict vy = (const HVX_UVector * restrict) y;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = n / VLEN_FP16; // num full fp16 hvx vectors
+    uint32_t nloe = n % VLEN_FP16; // leftover elements
+
+    const HVX_Vector zero = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    HVX_Vector       rsum = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (i = 0; i < nvec; i++) {
+        // Load y (fp32) and convert into fp16
+        HVX_Vector y0_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vy[i*2+0], zero);  // 32 elements
+        HVX_Vector y1_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vy[i*2+1], zero);  // 32 elements
+        HVX_Vector y_hf  = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(y1_qf, y0_qf)));
+
+        // Load x (fp16)
+        HVX_Vector x_hf  = vx[i];
+
+        HVX_VectorPair xy_qf = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(x_hf, y_hf);
+
+        rsum = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(rsum, Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(xy_qf),  Q6_V_hi_W(xy_qf)));
+    }
+
+    if (nloe) {
+        // Load y (fp32) and convert into fp16
+        HVX_Vector y0_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vy[i*2+0], zero);  // 32 elements
+        HVX_Vector y1_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vy[i*2+1], zero);  // 32 elements
+        HVX_Vector y_hf  = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(y1_qf, y0_qf)));
+
+        // Load x (fp16)
+        HVX_Vector x_hf  = vx[i];
+
+        // Zero-out unused elements
+        // Note that we need to clear both x and y because they may contain NANs
+        HVX_VectorPred bmask = Q6_Q_vsetq_R(nloe * 2);
+        x_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, x_hf);
+        y_hf = Q6_V_vand_QV(bmask, y_hf);
+
+        HVX_VectorPair xy_qf = Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(x_hf, y_hf);
+
+        rsum = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(rsum, Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(Q6_V_lo_W(xy_qf),  Q6_V_hi_W(xy_qf)));
+    }
+
+    // Convert into fp32 and reduce
+    rsum = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(rsum));
+    hvx_vec_store_u(&s[0], 4, rsum);
+}
+
+#define htp_matmul_tensors_preamble    \
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict src0    = &octx->src0;      \
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict src1    = &octx->src1;      \
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict src2    = &octx->src2;      \
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict dst     = &octx->dst;       \
+    struct htp_spad * restrict src0_spad = &octx->src0_spad; \
+    struct htp_spad * restrict src1_spad = &octx->src1_spad; \
+    struct htp_spad * restrict dst_spad  = &octx->dst_spad;  \
+                                                             \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne10 = src1->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne11 = src1->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne12 = src1->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne13 = src1->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne20 = src2->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne21 = src2->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne22 = src2->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne23 = src2->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];   \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];   \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];   \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];   \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb10 = src1->nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb11 = src1->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb12 = src1->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb13 = src1->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];   \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];   \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];   \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+#define htp_matmul_preamble                                     \
+    struct htp_matmul_context * mmctx = data;                   \
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx  = mmctx->octx;               \
+    htp_matmul_tensors_preamble;                                \
+    dma_queue *dma_queue           = octx->ctx->dma[ith];       \
+    uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = mmctx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+// *** matmul with support for 4d tensors and full broadcasting
+
+static void matmul_4d(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    htp_matmul_preamble;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    assert(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
+    assert(ne13 % ne03 == 0);
+
+    // This is the size of the first dimension of the result, so we can iterate that way. (see the ASSERT above, these are the same numbers)
+    const uint32_t nr0 = ne0;
+
+    // This is the size of the rest of the dimensions of the result
+    const uint32_t nr1 = ne1 * ne2 * ne3;
+
+    // distribute the thread work across the inner or outer loop based on which one is larger
+    uint32_t nchunk0 = nr0 > nr1 ? nth : 1;  // parallelize by src0 rows
+    uint32_t nchunk1 = nr0 > nr1 ? 1 : nth;  // parallelize by src1 rows
+
+    // The number of elements in each chunk
+    const uint32_t dr0 = (nr0 + nchunk0 - 1) / nchunk0;
+    const uint32_t dr1 = (nr1 + nchunk1 - 1) / nchunk1;
+
+    uint32_t current_chunk = ith;
+
+    const uint32_t ith0 = current_chunk % nchunk0;
+    const uint32_t ith1 = current_chunk / nchunk0;
+
+    const uint32_t ir0_start = dr0 * ith0;
+    const uint32_t ir0_end   = MIN(ir0_start + dr0, nr0);
+
+    const uint32_t ir1_start = dr1 * ith1;
+    const uint32_t ir1_end   = MIN(ir1_start + dr1, nr1);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (ir0_start >= ir0_end || ir1_start >= ir1_end) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // block-tiling attempt
+    const uint32_t blck_0 = 64;
+    const uint32_t blck_1 = 64;
+
+    for (uint32_t iir1 = ir1_start; iir1 < ir1_end; iir1 += blck_1) {
+        for (uint32_t iir0 = ir0_start; iir0 < ir0_end; iir0 += blck_0) {
+            for (uint32_t ir1 = iir1; ir1 < MIN(iir1 + blck_1, ir1_end); ir1++) {
+                const uint32_t i13 = fastdiv(ir1, &mmctx->mm_div_ne12_ne1);
+                const uint32_t i12 = fastdiv(ir1 - i13 * ne12 * ne1, &mmctx->mm_div_ne1);
+                const uint32_t i11 = (ir1 - i13 * ne12 * ne1 - i12 * ne1);
+
+                // broadcast src0 into src1
+                const uint32_t i03 = fastdiv(i13, &mmctx->mm_div_r3);
+                const uint32_t i02 = fastdiv(i12, &mmctx->mm_div_r2);
+
+                const uint32_t i1 = i11;
+                const uint32_t i2 = i12;
+                const uint32_t i3 = i13;
+
+                const uint8_t * restrict src0_base = (const uint8_t *) src0->data + (0 + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03);
+                const uint8_t * restrict src1_col  = (const uint8_t *) src1->data + (i11 * nb11 + i12 * nb12 + i13 * nb13);
+                float * dst_col = (float *) ((uint8_t * restrict) dst->data + (i1 * nb1 + i2 * nb2 + i3 * nb3));
+
+                const uint32_t ir0_block_end = MIN(iir0 + blck_0, ir0_end);
+                for (uint32_t ir0 = iir0; ir0 < ir0_block_end; ir0++) {
+                    const uint8_t * restrict src0_row = src0_base + ir0 * nb01;
+                    mmctx->vec_dot_1x1(ne00, &dst_col[ir0], src0_row, src1_col);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matmul-4d %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u %u:%u) * %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth,
+         src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], ir0_start, ir0_end, ir1_start, ir1_end, src1->ne[0],
+         src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// src1 tensor is already in VTCM spad
+static void matmul_2d(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    htp_matmul_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;  // src0 rows
+    const uint32_t src1_nrows = ne11 * ne12 * ne13;  // src1 rows
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row  = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row    = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row_x2 = src0_start_row + ((src0_end_row - src0_start_row) & ~1U);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = nb1;
+    const size_t src0_row_size = nb01;
+    const size_t src1_row_size = nb11;
+
+    const size_t src0_stride = src0_spad->stride;
+    const size_t src1_stride = src1_spad->stride;
+
+    // Per-thread VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    // Note that the entire src1 tensor is already in VTCM
+    // For other tensors we allocate N rows per thread, padded to HVX vector size
+    uint8_t * restrict spad_dst  = dst_spad->data  + dst_spad->size_per_thread  * ith;
+    uint8_t * restrict spad_src0 = src0_spad->data + src0_spad->size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * restrict src1_data = src1_spad->data;
+
+    volatile uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict src0_row = (const uint8_t *) src0->data;
+
+    // Prefill spad with src0 rows
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+        const int is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+        if (is0 >= MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS) {
+            break;
+        }
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_stride, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                       src0_stride, src0_row_size, 2);
+    }
+
+    // Process src0 rows
+    for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+        const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        // Process src1 columns in pairs (2×2 tiling)
+        uint32_t ir1 = 0;
+        for (; ir1 + 1 < src1_nrows; ir1 += 2) {
+            const uint8_t * restrict src1_col0 = (const uint8_t *) (src1_data + (ir1+0) * src1_stride);
+            const uint8_t * restrict src1_col1 = (const uint8_t *) (src1_data + (ir1+1) * src1_stride);
+            float * restrict dst_row0 = (float *) (dst->data + ((ir1+0) * dst_row_size));
+            float * restrict dst_row1 = (float *) (dst->data + ((ir1+1) * dst_row_size));
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x2(ne00, &dst_row0[ir0], &dst_row1[ir0], ss0, ss0 + src0_stride, src1_col0, src1_col1);
+        }
+
+        // Handle remaining src1 rows (fallback to 2×1)
+        for (; ir1 < src1_nrows; ++ir1) {
+            const uint8_t * restrict src1_col = (const uint8_t *) (src1_data + ir1 * src1_stride);
+            float * restrict dst_row          = (float *) (dst->data + (ir1 * dst_row_size));
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x1(ne00, &dst_row[ir0], ss0, ss0 + src0_stride, src1_col);
+        }
+
+        // Prefetch next (n + spad_nrows) row
+        const int pr0 = (ir0 + MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS);
+        const int is0 = (pr0 - src0_start_row) % MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS;
+        if (pr0 < src0_end_row_x2) {
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_stride, src0_row + pr0 * src0_row_size),
+                           src0_stride, src0_row_size, 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process the last row (if any)
+    if (src0_end_row != src0_end_row_x2) {
+        uint32_t  ir0 = src0_end_row_x2;
+        const int is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_stride, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                       src0_stride, src0_row_size, 1);
+        const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        #pragma unroll(2)
+        for (uint32_t ir1 = 0; ir1 < src1_nrows; ++ir1) {
+            const uint8_t * restrict src1_col = (const uint8_t *) (src1_data + ir1 * src1_stride);
+            float * restrict dst_row          = (float *) (dst->data + (ir1 * dst_row_size));
+            mmctx->vec_dot_1x1(ne00, &dst_row[ir0], ss0, src1_col);
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matmul-%s %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) * %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", mmctx->type, ith, nth,
+         src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src0_start_row, src0_end_row, src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1],
+         src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// q8x4x2 src1 tensor is already in VTCM spad
+static void matvec_2d(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    htp_matmul_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = ne01;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row  = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row    = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row_x2 = src0_start_row + ((src0_end_row - src0_start_row) & ~1U);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = nb1;
+    const size_t src0_row_size = nb01;
+    const size_t src1_row_size = nb11;
+
+    const size_t src0_stride = src0_spad->stride;
+    const size_t src1_stride = src1_spad->stride;
+
+    // Per-thread VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    // Note that the entire src1 tensor is already in VTCM
+    // For other tensors we allocate N rows per thread, padded to HVX vector size
+    uint8_t * spad_dst  = dst_spad->data + dst_spad->size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * spad_src0 = src0_spad->data + src0_spad->size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * src1_data = src1_spad->data;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    float * tmp = (float *) spad_dst;
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict src0_row = (const uint8_t *) src0->data;
+    const uint8_t * restrict src1_col = (const uint8_t *) src1_data;
+    float * restrict dst_col          = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    // Prefill spad with 2x src0 rows
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+        const uint32_t is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+        if (is0 >= MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS) {
+            break;
+        }
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_stride, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                       src0_stride, src0_row_size, 2);
+    }
+
+    // Process src0 rows
+    for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+        const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+        mmctx->vec_dot_2x1(ne00, &tmp[ir0 - src0_start_row], ss0, ss0 + src0_stride, src1_col);
+
+        // Prefetch next (n + spad_nrows) row
+        const uint32_t pr0 = (ir0 + MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS);
+        const uint32_t is0 = (pr0 - src0_start_row) % MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS;
+        if (pr0 < src0_end_row_x2) {
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_stride, src0_row + pr0 * src0_row_size),
+                           src0_stride, src0_row_size, 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process the last row (if any)
+    if (src0_end_row != src0_end_row_x2) {
+        const uint32_t ir0 = src0_end_row_x2;
+        const uint32_t is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_stride, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                       src0_stride, src0_row_size, 1);
+        const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+        mmctx->vec_dot_1x1(ne00, &tmp[ir0 - src0_start_row], ss0, src1_col);
+    }
+
+    hvx_copy_f32_ua((uint8_t *) &dst_col[src0_start_row], (uint8_t *) tmp, src0_end_row - src0_start_row);
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matvec-%s %u/%u: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) * %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", mmctx->type, ith, nth,
+         src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src0_start_row, src0_end_row, src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1],
+         src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+#define MMID_MATRIX_ROW(row_id, i1) matrix_rows[(row_id) * ids->ne[0] * ids->ne[1] + (i1)]
+
+struct mmid_row_mapping {
+    uint32_t i1;
+    uint32_t i2;
+};
+
+// src1 tensor is already in VTCM spad
+static void matmul_id(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    htp_matmul_preamble;
+
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict     ids = &octx->src2;
+    struct htp_spad * restrict src2_spad = &octx->src2_spad;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = ne01;  // src0 rows per expert
+    const uint32_t src1_nrows = ne11;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row  = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row    = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row_x2 = src0_start_row + ((src0_end_row - src0_start_row) & ~1U);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t n_ids = ids->ne[0];  // n_expert_used
+    const uint32_t n_as  = ne02;        // n_expert
+
+    const size_t matrix_row_counts_size = n_as * sizeof(uint32_t);
+    const size_t matrix_row_map_size    = n_as * ids->ne[0] * ids->ne[1] * sizeof(struct mmid_row_mapping);
+
+    const uint32_t *                matrix_row_counts = (const uint32_t *) src2_spad->data + 0;
+    const struct mmid_row_mapping * matrix_rows       = (const void *) src2_spad->data + matrix_row_counts_size;
+
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = nb1;
+    const size_t src0_row_size = nb01;
+    const size_t src1_row_size = q8x4x2_row_size(ne10);
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_padded = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, 128);
+
+    // Per-thread VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    // Note that the entire src1 tensor is already in VTCM
+    // For other tensors we allocate N rows per thread, padded to HVX vector size
+    uint8_t * restrict spad_dst  = dst_spad->data + dst_spad->size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * restrict spad_src0 = src0_spad->data + src0_spad->size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * restrict src1_data = src1_spad->data;
+
+    for (uint32_t cur_a = 0; cur_a < n_as; ++cur_a) {
+        const int32_t cne1 = matrix_row_counts[cur_a];
+
+        if (cne1 == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const uint8_t * src0_row = (const uint8_t *) src0->data + (0 + cur_a * nb02 + 0);
+
+        // Prefill spad with src0 rows
+        #pragma unroll(4)
+        for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+            const int is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+            if (is0 >= MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS) {
+                break;
+            }
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_row_size_padded, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                           src0_row_size_padded, src0_row_size, 2);
+        }
+
+        // Process src0 rows
+        for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+            const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+            for (uint32_t cid = 0; cid < cne1; ++cid) {
+                struct mmid_row_mapping row_mapping = MMID_MATRIX_ROW(cur_a, cid);
+                const int               rm1         = row_mapping.i1;  // expert idx
+                const int               rm2         = row_mapping.i2;  // token idx
+
+                const uint32_t ir1 = src1_nrows == 1 ? 0 : rm1;        // src1 row idx
+                const uint8_t * restrict src1_col = (const uint8_t *) (src1_data + (ir1 + rm2 * ne11 + 0) * src1_row_size);
+                float * dst_row = (float *) (dst->data + (rm1 * nb1 + rm2 * nb2 + 0));
+
+                mmctx->vec_dot_2x1(ne00, &dst_row[ir0], ss0, ss0 + src0_row_size_padded, src1_col);
+            }
+
+            // Prefetch next (n + spad_nrows) row
+            const int pr0 = (ir0 + MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS);
+            const int is0 = (pr0 - src0_start_row) % MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS;
+            if (pr0 < src0_end_row_x2) {
+                dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_row_size_padded, src0_row + pr0 * src0_row_size),
+                               src0_row_size_padded, src0_row_size, 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Process the last row (if any)
+        if (src0_end_row != src0_end_row_x2) {
+            uint32_t       ir0 = src0_end_row_x2;
+            const uint32_t is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_row_size_padded, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                           src0_row_size_padded, src0_row_size, 1);
+            const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+            for (uint32_t cid = 0; cid < cne1; ++cid) {
+                struct mmid_row_mapping row_mapping = MMID_MATRIX_ROW(cur_a, cid);
+                const int               rm1         = row_mapping.i1;  // expert idx
+                const int               rm2         = row_mapping.i2;  // token idx
+
+                const uint32_t ir1 = src1_nrows == 1 ? 0 : rm1;        // src1 row idx
+                const uint8_t * restrict src1_col = (const uint8_t *) (src1_data + (ir1 + rm2 * ne11 + 0) * src1_row_size);
+                float * dst_row = (float *) (dst->data + (rm1 * nb1 + rm2 * nb2 + 0));
+
+                mmctx->vec_dot_1x1(ne00, &dst_row[ir0], ss0, src1_col);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matmul-id-%s %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) * %ux%ux%ux%u (%ux%ux%ux%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", mmctx->type,
+         ith, nth, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src0_start_row, src0_end_row, src1->ne[0],
+         src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], ids->ne[0], ids->ne[1], ids->ne[2], ids->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1],
+         dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// src1 tensor is already in VTCM spad
+static void matvec_id(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    htp_matmul_preamble;
+
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict     ids = &octx->src2;
+    struct htp_spad * restrict src2_spad = &octx->src2_spad;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = ne01;  // src0 rows per expert
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row  = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row    = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row_x2 = src0_start_row + ((src0_end_row - src0_start_row) & ~1U);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    assert(ne13 % ne03 == 0);
+
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = nb1;
+    const size_t src0_row_size = nb01;
+    const size_t src1_row_size = q8x4x2_row_size(ne10);
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_padded = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, 128);
+
+    const uint32_t n_aids = src2->ne[0];  // num activated experts
+    const uint32_t n_ids  = ne02;         // num experts
+
+    // Per-thread VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    // Note that the entire src1 tensor is already in VTCM
+    // For other tensors we allocate N rows per thread, padded to HVX vector size
+    uint8_t * restrict spad_dst  = dst_spad->data + dst_spad->size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * restrict spad_src0 = src0_spad->data + src0_spad->size_per_thread * ith;
+    uint8_t * restrict src1_data = src1_spad->data;
+
+    for (uint32_t ie1 = 0; ie1 < n_aids; ++ie1) {  // for each expert
+        const uint32_t eid = *(const int32_t *) ((const uint8_t *) src2->data + ie1 * src2->nb[0]);
+        assert(eid < n_ids);
+
+        const uint8_t * restrict src0_row = (const uint8_t *) src0->data + eid * nb02;
+        const uint8_t * restrict src1_col = (const uint8_t *) src1_data;
+        float * restrict dst_row          = (float *) (dst->data + ie1 * nb1);
+
+        // Prefill spad with src0 rows
+        #pragma unroll(4)
+        for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+            const int is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+            if (is0 >= MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS) {
+                break;
+            }
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_row_size_padded, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                           src0_row_size_padded, src0_row_size, 2);
+        }
+
+        // Process src0 rows
+        for (uint32_t ir0 = src0_start_row; ir0 < src0_end_row_x2; ir0 += 2) {
+            const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x1(ne00, &dst_row[ir0], ss0, ss0 + src0_row_size_padded, src1_col);
+
+            // Prefetch next (n + spad_nrows) row
+            const int pr0 = (ir0 + MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS);
+            const int is0 = (pr0 - src0_start_row) % MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS;
+            if (pr0 < src0_end_row_x2) {
+                dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_row_size_padded, src0_row + pr0 * src0_row_size),
+                               src0_row_size_padded, src0_row_size, 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Process the last row (if any)
+        if (src0_end_row != src0_end_row_x2) {
+            uint32_t       ir0 = src0_end_row_x2;
+            const uint32_t is0 = (ir0 - src0_start_row);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0 + is0 * src0_row_size_padded, src0_row + ir0 * src0_row_size),
+                           src0_row_size_padded, src0_row_size, 1);
+            const uint8_t * ss0 = dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_1x1(ne00, &dst_row[ir0], ss0, src1_col);
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matvec-id-%s %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) * %ux%ux%ux%u (%ux%ux%ux%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", mmctx->type,
+         ith, nth, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src0_start_row, src0_end_row, src1->ne[0],
+         src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], src2->ne[0], src2->ne[1], src2->ne[2], src2->ne[3], dst->ne[0],
+         dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// *** dynamic quant
+
+static inline void quantize_block_f32_q8x1(float * restrict x, uint8_t * restrict y_q, uint8_t * restrict y_d) {
+    assert((unsigned long) x % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) y_q % 128 == 0);
+
+    HVX_Vector * vx = (HVX_Vector *) x;
+    HVX_Vector zero   = Q6_V_vzero();
+
+    // Use reduce max fp32 to find max(abs(e)) first
+    HVX_Vector vmax0_sf = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32(hvx_vec_abs_f32(vx[0]));
+    HVX_Vector vmax1_sf = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32(hvx_vec_abs_f32(vx[1]));
+    HVX_Vector vmax2_sf = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32(hvx_vec_abs_f32(vx[2]));
+    HVX_Vector vmax3_sf = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32(hvx_vec_abs_f32(vx[3]));
+    // Load and convert into QF32
+    HVX_Vector vx0_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[0], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx1_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[1], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx2_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[2], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx3_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[3], zero);  // 32 elements
+
+    // Convert to QF32
+    HVX_Vector vmax0_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vmax0_sf, zero); // replicated over all lanes
+    HVX_Vector vmax1_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vmax1_sf, zero); // replicated over all lanes
+    HVX_Vector vmax2_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vmax2_sf, zero); // replicated over all lanes
+    HVX_Vector vmax3_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vmax3_sf, zero); // replicated over all lanes
+
+    // Combine and convert to fp16
+    HVX_Vector vmax01_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vmax1_qf, vmax0_qf)));
+    HVX_Vector vmax23_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vmax3_qf, vmax2_qf)));
+
+    // Convert into fp16
+    HVX_Vector vx01_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vx1_qf, vx0_qf)));
+    HVX_Vector vx23_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vx3_qf, vx2_qf)));
+
+    HVX_Vector vd01_qf16 = Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vmax01_hf, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x2008));  // 1.0 / 127.0
+    HVX_Vector vd23_qf16 = Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vmax23_hf, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x2008));  // 1.0 / 127.0
+    HVX_Vector vd01_hf   = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(vd01_qf16);
+    HVX_Vector vd23_hf   = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(vd23_qf16);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(y_d + 0, 2, vd01_hf);
+    HVX_Vector rotated_vd_hf = Q6_V_vror_VR(vd01_hf, 64);
+    hvx_vec_store_u(y_d + 2, 2, rotated_vd_hf);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(y_d + 4, 2, vd23_hf);
+    rotated_vd_hf = Q6_V_vror_VR(vd23_hf, 64);
+    hvx_vec_store_u(y_d + 6, 2, rotated_vd_hf);
+
+    // Divide input by the scale
+    HVX_Vector vd01_inv_hf = hvx_vec_inverse_f16(vd01_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vd23_inv_hf = hvx_vec_inverse_f16(vd23_hf);
+    vx01_hf              = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vx01_hf, vd01_inv_hf));
+    vx23_hf              = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vx23_hf, vd23_inv_hf));
+
+    // Convert to int8
+    HVX_Vector vx01_i16 = hvx_vec_i16_from_hf_rnd_sat(vx01_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vx23_i16 = hvx_vec_i16_from_hf_rnd_sat(vx23_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vx_i8    = Q6_Vb_vpack_VhVh_sat(vx23_i16, vx01_i16);
+
+    *(HVX_Vector *) y_q = vx_i8;
+}
+
+static inline void quantize_block_f32_q8x2(float * restrict x, uint8_t * restrict y_q, uint8_t * restrict y_d) {
+    assert((unsigned long) x % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) y_q % 128 == 0);
+
+    HVX_Vector * vx = (HVX_Vector *) x;
+
+    // Load and convert into QF32
+    HVX_Vector zero   = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector vx0_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[0], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx1_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[1], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx2_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[2], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx3_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[3], zero);  // 32 elements
+
+    // Convert into fp16
+    HVX_Vector vx01_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vx1_qf, vx0_qf)));
+    HVX_Vector vx23_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vx3_qf, vx2_qf)));
+
+    // Compute max and scale
+    HVX_Vector vmax01_hf = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f16(hvx_vec_abs_f16(vx01_hf)); // replicated over all lanes
+    HVX_Vector vmax23_hf = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f16(hvx_vec_abs_f16(vx23_hf)); // replicated over all lanes
+
+    HVX_Vector vd01_qf16 = Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vmax01_hf, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x2008));  // 1.0 / 127.0
+    HVX_Vector vd23_qf16 = Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vmax23_hf, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x2008));  // 1.0 / 127.0
+    HVX_Vector vd01_hf   = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(vd01_qf16);
+    HVX_Vector vd23_hf   = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(vd23_qf16);
+
+    hvx_vec_store_u(y_d + 0, 4, vd01_hf);
+    hvx_vec_store_u(y_d + 4, 4, vd23_hf);
+
+    // Divide input by the scale
+    HVX_Vector vd01_inv_hf = hvx_vec_inverse_f16(vd01_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vd23_inv_hf = hvx_vec_inverse_f16(vd23_hf);
+    vx01_hf              = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vx01_hf, vd01_inv_hf));
+    vx23_hf              = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vx23_hf, vd23_inv_hf));
+
+    // Convert to int8
+    HVX_Vector vx01_i16 = hvx_vec_i16_from_hf_rnd_sat(vx01_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vx23_i16 = hvx_vec_i16_from_hf_rnd_sat(vx23_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vx_i8    = Q6_Vb_vpack_VhVh_sat(vx23_i16, vx01_i16);
+
+    *(HVX_Vector *) y_q = vx_i8;
+}
+
+static inline void quantize_block_f32_q8x4(float * restrict x, uint8_t * restrict y_q, uint8_t * restrict y_d) {
+    assert((unsigned long) x % 128 == 0);
+    assert((unsigned long) y_q % 128 == 0);
+
+    HVX_Vector * vx = (HVX_Vector *) x;
+
+    // Load and convert into QF32
+    HVX_Vector zero   = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector vx0_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[0], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx1_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[1], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx2_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[2], zero);  // 32 elements
+    HVX_Vector vx3_qf = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(vx[3], zero);  // 32 elements
+
+    // Convert into fp16
+    HVX_Vector vx01_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vx1_qf, vx0_qf)));
+    HVX_Vector vx23_hf = Q6_Vh_vdeal_Vh(Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_W_vcombine_VV(vx3_qf, vx2_qf)));
+
+    // Compute max and scale
+    HVX_Vector vmax_hf = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f16(hvx_vec_abs_f16(vx01_hf));
+    vmax_hf            = hvx_vec_reduce_max2_f16(hvx_vec_abs_f16(vx23_hf), vmax_hf); // replicated over all lanes
+
+    HVX_Vector vd_qf16 = Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vmax_hf, Q6_Vh_vsplat_R(0x2008));  // 1.0 / 127.0
+    HVX_Vector vd_hf   = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(vd_qf16);
+
+    *(HVX_UVector *) y_d = vd_hf;
+
+    // Divide input by the scale
+    HVX_Vector vd_inv_hf = hvx_vec_inverse_f16(vd_hf);
+    vx01_hf              = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vx01_hf, vd_inv_hf));
+    vx23_hf              = Q6_Vhf_equals_Vqf16(Q6_Vqf16_vmpy_VhfVhf(vx23_hf, vd_inv_hf));
+
+    // Convert to int8
+    HVX_Vector vx01_i16 = hvx_vec_i16_from_hf_rnd_sat(vx01_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vx23_i16 = hvx_vec_i16_from_hf_rnd_sat(vx23_hf);
+    HVX_Vector vx_i8    = Q6_Vb_vpack_VhVh_sat(vx23_i16, vx01_i16);
+
+    *(HVX_Vector *) y_q = vx_i8;
+}
+
+// Overrides input x
+static void quantize_row_f32_q8x4x2(float * restrict x, uint8_t * restrict y, uint32_t k) {
+    assert(k % 32 == 0);
+    const uint32_t qk = QK_Q8_0x4x2;
+    const uint32_t nb = (k + qk - 1) / qk;
+
+    const uint32_t qrow_size = k;              // int8
+
+    const uint32_t dblk_size = 8 * 2;          // 8x __fp16
+    const uint32_t qblk_size = QK_Q8_0x4x2;    // int8
+
+    uint8_t * restrict y_q = (y + 0);          // quants first
+    uint8_t * restrict y_d = (y + qrow_size);  // then scales
+
+    // Temp scales override input since we're working off of the aligned temp buffer in VTCM
+    uint8_t * restrict t_d = (uint8_t *) x;
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+#if FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE == 32
+        quantize_block_f32_q8x1(x + (i*2 + 0) * qk/2, y_q + (i*2 + 0) * qblk_size/2, t_d + (i*2 + 0) * dblk_size/2);
+        quantize_block_f32_q8x1(x + (i*2 + 1) * qk/2, y_q + (i*2 + 1) * qblk_size/2, t_d + (i*2 + 1) * dblk_size/2);
+#elif FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE == 64
+        quantize_block_f32_q8x2(x + (i*2 + 0) * qk/2, y_q + (i*2 + 0) * qblk_size/2, t_d + (i*2 + 0) * dblk_size/2);
+        quantize_block_f32_q8x2(x + (i*2 + 1) * qk/2, y_q + (i*2 + 1) * qblk_size/2, t_d + (i*2 + 1) * dblk_size/2);
+#elif FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE == 128
+        quantize_block_f32_q8x4(x + (i*2 + 0) * qk/2, y_q + (i*2 + 0) * qblk_size/2, t_d + (i*2 + 0) * dblk_size/2);
+        quantize_block_f32_q8x4(x + (i*2 + 1) * qk/2, y_q + (i*2 + 1) * qblk_size/2, t_d + (i*2 + 1) * dblk_size/2);
+#else
+#error "FP32_QUANTIZE_GROUP_SIZE must be 32, 64, or 128"
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // now copy the scales into final location
+    hvx_copy_f16_ua(y_d, t_d, nb * 8);
+}
+
+static void quantize_f32_q8x4x2(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_matmul_context * mmctx = data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = mmctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src = &octx->src1;
+    uint8_t * restrict dst = octx->src1_spad.data;
+    struct htp_spad * spad = &octx->src0_spad;
+    uint32_t nrows_per_thread = mmctx->src1_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    uint64_t t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t ne0 = src->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t ne1 = src->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t ne2 = src->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t ne3 = src->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nrows = ne1 * ne2 * ne3;                             // total n_rows
+
+    const uint32_t ir_first = nrows_per_thread * ith;                   // first row
+    const uint32_t ir_last  = MIN(ir_first + nrows_per_thread, nrows);  // last row
+
+    const size_t src_row_size = src->nb[1];
+    const size_t dst_row_size = q8x4x2_row_size(ne0);
+
+    uint8_t * restrict src_data = (uint8_t *) src->data + (src_row_size * ir_first);
+    uint8_t * restrict dst_data = (uint8_t *) dst + (dst_row_size * ir_first);
+    uint8_t * restrict tmp_data = (uint8_t *) spad->data + (spad->size_per_thread * ith);
+
+    const size_t src_row_size_padded = hex_round_up(src_row_size, QK_Q8_0x4x2 * sizeof(float));
+    memset(tmp_data, 0, src_row_size_padded);  // zero-out temp row data for padding
+
+    for (uint32_t i = ir_first; i < ir_last; ++i) {
+        hex_l2fetch(src_data, src_row_size, src_row_size, 2);
+        hvx_copy_f32_aa(tmp_data, src_data, ne0);
+
+        // FARF(HIGH, "quantize-q8x4-row: %u\n", i);
+        quantize_row_f32_q8x4x2((float *) tmp_data, dst_data, ne0);
+        dst_data += dst_row_size;
+        src_data += src_row_size;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "quantize-f32-q8x4: %u/%u : n-rows %u (%u:%u) row-size %u -> %u usec %u\n", ith, nth, nrows, ir_first,
+         ir_last, src_row_size, dst_row_size, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+static void quantize_f32_f16(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_matmul_context * mmctx = data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = mmctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src = &octx->src1;
+    uint8_t * restrict dst = octx->src1_spad.data;
+    uint32_t nrows_per_thread = mmctx->src1_nrows_per_thread;
+    uint32_t dst_stride = octx->src1_spad.stride;
+
+    uint64_t t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t ne0 = src->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t ne1 = src->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t ne2 = src->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t ne3 = src->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nrows = ne1 * ne2 * ne3;                             // total n_rows
+
+    const uint32_t ir_first = nrows_per_thread * ith;                   // first row
+    const uint32_t ir_last  = MIN(ir_first + nrows_per_thread, nrows);  // last row
+
+    const size_t src_row_size = ne0 * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t src_stride   = src->nb[1];
+
+    uint8_t * restrict src_data = (uint8_t *) src->data + (src_stride * ir_first);
+    uint8_t * restrict dst_data = (uint8_t *) dst       + (dst_stride * ir_first);
+
+    for (uint32_t i = ir_first; i < ir_last; ++i) {
+        hex_l2fetch(src_data, src_row_size, src_stride, 2);
+        hvx_copy_f16_f32_au(dst_data, src_data, ne0);
+
+        dst_data += dst_stride;
+        src_data += src_stride;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "quantize-f32-f16: %u/%u : n-rows %u (%u:%u) row-size %u (%u) -> %u usec %u\n", ith, nth, nrows, ir_first,
+        ir_last, src_row_size, src_stride, dst_stride, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// TODO just a plain copy that should be done via the DMA during the Op setup
+static void quantize_f16_f16(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_matmul_context * mmctx = data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = mmctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src = &octx->src1;
+    uint8_t * restrict dst = octx->src1_spad.data;
+    uint32_t nrows_per_thread = mmctx->src1_nrows_per_thread;
+    uint32_t dst_stride = octx->src1_spad.stride;
+
+    uint64_t t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t ne0 = src->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t ne1 = src->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t ne2 = src->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t ne3 = src->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t nrows = ne1 * ne2 * ne3;                             // total n_rows
+
+    const uint32_t ir_first = nrows_per_thread * ith;                   // first row
+    const uint32_t ir_last  = MIN(ir_first + nrows_per_thread, nrows);  // last row
+
+    const size_t src_row_size = ne0 * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t src_stride   = src->nb[1];
+
+    uint8_t * restrict src_data = (uint8_t *) src->data + (src_stride * ir_first);
+    uint8_t * restrict dst_data = (uint8_t *) dst       + (dst_stride * ir_first);
+
+    for (uint32_t i = ir_first; i < ir_last; ++i) {
+        hex_l2fetch(src_data, src_row_size, src_stride, 2);
+        hvx_copy_f16_au(dst_data, src_data, ne0);
+
+        dst_data += dst_stride;
+        src_data += src_stride;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "quantize-f16-f16: %u/%u : n-rows %u (%u:%u) row-size %u (%u) -> %u usec %u\n", ith, nth, nrows, ir_first,
+        ir_last, src_row_size, src_stride, dst_stride, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+
+static inline bool htp_is_permuted(const struct htp_tensor * t) {
+    return t->nb[0] > t->nb[1] || t->nb[1] > t->nb[2] || t->nb[2] > t->nb[3];
+}
+
+static int htp_mminit_vec_dot(struct htp_matmul_context * mmctx, enum htp_data_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            mmctx->type        = "q4x4x2-f32";
+            mmctx->vec_dot_1x1 = vec_dot_q4x4x2_q8x4x2_1x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x1 = vec_dot_q4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x2 = vec_dot_q4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x2;
+            return 0;
+        case HTP_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            mmctx->type        = "q8x4x2-f32";
+            mmctx->vec_dot_1x1 = vec_dot_q8x4x2_q8x4x2_1x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x1 = vec_dot_q8x4x2_q8x4x2_2x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x2 = vec_dot_q8x4x2_q8x4x2_2x2;
+            return 0;
+        case HTP_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            mmctx->type        = "mxfp4x4x2-f32";
+            mmctx->vec_dot_1x1 = vec_dot_mxfp4x4x2_q8x4x2_1x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x1 = vec_dot_mxfp4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x2 = vec_dot_mxfp4x4x2_q8x4x2_2x2;
+            return 0;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+static void htp_mminit_spad(struct htp_ops_context * octx,
+                                 size_t dst_row_size,
+                                 size_t src0_row_size_padded,
+                                 size_t src1_row_size,
+                                 uint32_t src1_nrows,
+                                 size_t src2_spad_size_per_thread) {
+    octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_DST_NROWS * dst_row_size, 256);
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS * src0_row_size_padded, 256);
+    octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(src1_row_size * src1_nrows, 256);
+
+    if (src2_spad_size_per_thread > 0) {
+        octx->src2_spad.size_per_thread = src2_spad_size_per_thread;
+        octx->src2_spad.size            = octx->src2_spad.size_per_thread;
+    }
+
+    // src0 spad is also used in dynamic quantizer to store padded src1 rows
+    size_t src1_row_size_padded = hex_round_up(src1_row_size, QK_Q8_0x4x2 * sizeof(float));
+    if (octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread < src1_row_size_padded) {
+        octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = src1_row_size_padded;
+    }
+
+    octx->src1_spad.size = octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread;
+    octx->src0_spad.size = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+}
+
+int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    htp_matmul_tensors_preamble;
+
+    struct htp_matmul_context mmctx_struct = {0};
+    struct htp_matmul_context * mmctx = &mmctx_struct;
+    mmctx->octx = octx;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t src1_nrows = ne11 * ne12 * ne13;
+
+    // Compute src0_nrows_per_thread
+    mmctx->src0_nrows_per_thread  = (src0_nrows + octx->n_threads - 1) / octx->n_threads;
+    mmctx->src0_nrows_per_thread += (mmctx->src0_nrows_per_thread & 1); // round up to even
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = nb01;
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = nb1;
+    size_t       src1_row_size = nb11;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_padded = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, 128);
+    size_t       src1_row_size_padded;
+
+    worker_callback_t quant_job_func;
+    worker_callback_t matmul_job_func = src1_nrows > 1 ? matmul_2d : matvec_2d;
+
+    bool need_quant = !(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_QUANTIZE);
+
+    if (src0->type == HTP_TYPE_F16) {
+        // Try optimized f16-f16 path first (src1 in VTCM)
+        const size_t f16_src1_row_size  = hex_round_up(ne10 * 2, 128);
+        const size_t f16_src1_spad_size = hex_round_up(f16_src1_row_size * src1_nrows, 256);
+        const size_t f16_src0_spad_size = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS * src0_row_size_padded, 256) * octx->n_threads;
+        const size_t f16_dst_spad_size  = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_DST_NROWS * dst_row_size, 256) * octx->n_threads;
+
+        const size_t f16_total_size = f16_src1_spad_size + f16_src0_spad_size + f16_dst_spad_size;
+
+        // Default matmul implementation does not support multi-batch src0 (N-vs-N broadcasting).
+        // It only supports 1-vs-N broadcasting (src0 is 2D) or standard 2D matmul.
+        const bool is_batched  = (ne02 > 1) || (ne03 > 1);
+        const bool is_permuted = htp_is_permuted(&octx->src0) || htp_is_permuted(&octx->src1);
+
+        if (!is_batched && !is_permuted && f16_total_size <= octx->ctx->vtcm_size) {
+            // Optimized path
+            quant_job_func     = (src1->type == HTP_TYPE_F32) ? quantize_f32_f16 : quantize_f16_f16;
+            mmctx->type        = "f16-f16";
+            mmctx->vec_dot_1x1 = vec_dot_f16_f16_aa_1x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x1 = vec_dot_f16_f16_aa_2x1;
+            mmctx->vec_dot_2x2 = vec_dot_f16_f16_aa_2x2;
+
+            src1_row_size = f16_src1_row_size;  // row size post quantization
+
+            octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_DST_NROWS * dst_row_size, 256);
+            octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS * src0_row_size_padded, 256);
+            octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(src1_row_size * src1_nrows, 256);
+
+            octx->src1_spad.size = octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread;
+            octx->src0_spad.size = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+            octx->dst_spad.size  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+        } else {
+            // Fallback to f16/f32 (DDR) if src1 doesn't fit in VTCM or broadcasting is required
+            quant_job_func = NULL;
+            if (src1->type == HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+                mmctx->type        = "f16-f32";
+                mmctx->vec_dot_1x1 = vec_dot_f16_f32_uu_1x1;
+                matmul_job_func    = matmul_4d;
+            } else {
+                mmctx->type        = "f16-f16";
+                mmctx->vec_dot_1x1 = vec_dot_f16_f16_uu_1x1;
+                matmul_job_func    = matmul_4d;
+            }
+
+            src1_row_size = nb11;  // original row size in DDR
+
+            octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_DST_NROWS * dst_row_size, 256);
+            octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_SRC0_NROWS * src0_row_size, 256);
+            octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(MM_SPAD_SRC1_NROWS * src1_row_size, 256);
+
+            octx->src0_spad.size = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+            octx->src1_spad.size = octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+            octx->dst_spad.size  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread * octx->n_threads;
+
+            // Init fastdiv for matmul_4d (supports broadcasting)
+            mmctx->mm_div_ne12_ne1 = init_fastdiv_values(src1->ne[2] * dst->ne[1]);
+            mmctx->mm_div_ne1      = init_fastdiv_values(dst->ne[1]);
+            mmctx->mm_div_r2       = init_fastdiv_values(src1->ne[2] / src0->ne[2]);
+            mmctx->mm_div_r3       = init_fastdiv_values(src1->ne[3] / src0->ne[3]);
+
+            need_quant = false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (htp_mminit_vec_dot(mmctx, src0->type) != 0) {
+            return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+        }
+
+        quant_job_func = quantize_f32_q8x4x2;
+        src1_row_size  = q8x4x2_row_size(ne10);
+        htp_mminit_spad(octx, dst_row_size, src0_row_size_padded, src1_row_size, src1_nrows, 0);
+    }
+
+    // VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    size_t spad_size = octx->src1_spad.size + octx->src0_spad.size + octx->dst_spad.size;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matmul-%s : src0-spad-size %u src1-spad-size %u dst-spad-size %u (%zu)\n", mmctx->type,
+         octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size, octx->dst_spad.size, spad_size);
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matmul-%s : %ux%ux%ux%u * %ux%ux%ux%u-> %ux%ux%ux%u (0x%p, 0x%p, 0x%p)\n", mmctx->type, src0->ne[0],
+         src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0],
+         dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], src0->data, src1->data, dst->data);
+
+    // Make sure the reserved vtcm size is sufficient
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < spad_size) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "matmul-%s : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small, needed %zu\n", mmctx->type,
+             octx->ctx->vtcm_size, spad_size);
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src1_spad.data = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.stride = src0_row_size_padded;
+    octx->src1_spad.stride = src1_row_size;
+
+    if (need_quant) {
+        const uint32_t n_quant_jobs  = MIN(src1_nrows, octx->n_threads);
+        mmctx->src1_nrows_per_thread = (src1_nrows + n_quant_jobs - 1) / n_quant_jobs;
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, quant_job_func, mmctx, n_quant_jobs);
+    }
+
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        const uint32_t n_matmul_jobs = octx->n_threads;
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, matmul_job_func, mmctx, n_matmul_jobs);
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+int op_matmul_id(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    htp_matmul_tensors_preamble;
+
+    struct htp_matmul_context mmctx_struct = {0};
+    struct htp_matmul_context * mmctx = &mmctx_struct;
+    mmctx->octx = octx;
+
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict ids = &octx->src2;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = nb01;
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = nb1;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_padded = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, 128);
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = ne01;  // per expert
+    const uint32_t src1_nrows = ne11 * ne12 * ne13;
+
+    worker_callback_t quant_job_func;
+    worker_callback_t matmul_id_job_func = src1_nrows > 1 ? matmul_id : matvec_id;
+
+    // Compute src0_nrows_per_thread
+    mmctx->src0_nrows_per_thread  = (src0_nrows + octx->n_threads - 1) / octx->n_threads;
+    mmctx->src0_nrows_per_thread += (mmctx->src0_nrows_per_thread & 1); // round up to even
+
+    size_t src1_row_size;
+    size_t src1_row_size_padded;
+
+    // row groups
+    const int n_ids = ids->ne[0];  // n_expert_used
+    const int n_as  = ne02;        // n_expert
+
+    size_t matrix_row_counts_size = n_as * sizeof(uint32_t);
+    size_t matrix_row_map_size    = n_as * ids->ne[0] * ids->ne[1] * sizeof(struct mmid_row_mapping);
+
+    if (htp_mminit_vec_dot(mmctx, src0->type) != 0) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    quant_job_func = quantize_f32_q8x4x2;
+    src1_row_size  = q8x4x2_row_size(ne10);
+
+    const size_t src2_spad_size_per_thread = hex_round_up(matrix_row_counts_size + matrix_row_map_size, 256);
+    htp_mminit_spad(octx, dst_row_size, src0_row_size_padded, src1_row_size, src1_nrows, src2_spad_size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t spad_size = octx->src2_spad.size + octx->src1_spad.size + octx->src0_spad.size + octx->dst_spad.size;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matmul-id-%s : src0-spad-size %u src1-spad-size %u src2-spad-size %u dst-spad-size %u (%zu)\n", mmctx->type,
+         octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size, octx->src2_spad.size, octx->dst_spad.size, spad_size);
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "matmul-id-%s : %ux%ux%ux%u * %ux%ux%ux%u (%ux%ux%ux%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u (0x%p, 0x%p, 0x%p)\n", mmctx->type,
+         src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3],
+         ids->ne[0], ids->ne[1], ids->ne[2], ids->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], src0->data,
+         src1->data, dst->data);
+
+    // Make sure the reserved vtcm size is sufficient
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < spad_size) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "matmul-id-%s : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small, needed %zu\n", mmctx->type, octx->ctx->vtcm_size, spad_size);
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src1_spad.data = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+    octx->src2_spad.data = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src2_spad.data + octx->src2_spad.size;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.stride = src0_row_size_padded;
+    octx->src1_spad.stride = src1_row_size;
+
+    if (src1_nrows > 1) {
+        // initialize matrix_row_counts and map
+        uint32_t *                matrix_row_counts = (uint32_t *) octx->src2_spad.data + 0;
+        struct mmid_row_mapping * matrix_rows       = (void *) octx->src2_spad.data + matrix_row_counts_size;
+
+        memset(matrix_row_counts, 0, n_as * sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+        // group rows by src0 matrix
+        for (uint32_t iid1 = 0; iid1 < ids->ne[1]; ++iid1) {  // token idx
+            for (uint32_t id = 0; id < n_ids; ++id) {         // expert idx
+                const uint32_t i02 = *(const uint32_t *) ((const uint8_t *) ids->data + iid1 * ids->nb[1] + id * ids->nb[0]);
+
+                assert(i02 >= 0 && i02 < n_as);
+
+                MMID_MATRIX_ROW(i02, matrix_row_counts[i02]) = (struct mmid_row_mapping) { id, iid1 };
+                matrix_row_counts[i02] += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Setup worker pool callbacks
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_QUANTIZE)) {
+        const uint32_t n_quant_jobs = MIN(src1_nrows, octx->n_threads);
+        mmctx->src1_nrows_per_thread = (src1_nrows + n_quant_jobs - 1) / n_quant_jobs;
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, quant_job_func, mmctx, n_quant_jobs);
+    }
+
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        const uint32_t n_matmul_jobs = octx->n_threads;
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, matmul_id_job_func, mmctx, n_matmul_jobs);
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/rope-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/rope-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be9469538f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/rope-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+#include "hex-fastdiv.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+// Redefined the types GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX as we can't include ggml.h
+#define HTP_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL 0
+#define HTP_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX   2
+
+#define HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS  16
+#define HTP_ROPE_SPAD_BLOCK  (HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS/2)
+
+#define htp_rope_preamble              \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];   \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];   \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];   \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];   \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3]; \
+                                       \
+    const uint32_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];   \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];   \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];   \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+struct htp_rope_context {
+    int32_t n_dims;
+    int32_t mode;
+    int32_t n_ctx_orig;
+    int32_t sections[4];
+
+    float freq_base;
+    float freq_scale;
+    float ext_factor;
+    float attn_factor;
+    float beta_fast;
+    float beta_slow;
+    float theta_scale;
+    float corr_dims[2];
+
+    uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    size_t spad_stride;
+
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+
+    size_t src0_row_size;
+    size_t dst_row_size;
+    size_t src0_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t dst_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t theta_cache_offset;
+    uint32_t src0_nrows;
+
+    uint64_t t_start;
+};
+
+static float rope_yarn_ramp(const float low, const float high, const int i0) {
+    const float y = (i0 / 2 - low) / MAX(0.001f, high - low);
+
+    return (1 - MIN(1, MAX(0, y)));
+}
+
+static void rope_cache_init(const float    theta_base,
+                            const float    freq_scale,
+                            const float *  freq_factors,
+                            float *        corr_dims,
+                            const uint32_t ne0,
+                            const float    ext_factor,
+                            const float    mscale,
+                            float *        cache,
+                            const float    theta_scale) {
+    // ref: https://github.com/jquesnelle/yarn/blob/master/scaled_rope/LlamaYaRNScaledRotaryEmbedding.py
+    float theta = theta_base;
+
+    for (uint32_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; i0 += 2) {
+        const float ff = freq_factors ? freq_factors[i0 / 2] : 1.0f;
+
+        float theta_extrap = theta / ff;
+
+        // Get n-d rotational scaling corrected for extrapolation
+        float theta_interp = freq_scale * theta_extrap;
+        float theta_final  = theta_interp;
+        float mscale_final = mscale;
+
+        if (ext_factor != 0.0f) {
+            float ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp(corr_dims[0], corr_dims[1], i0) * ext_factor;
+            theta_final    = theta_interp * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
+
+            // Get n-d magnitude scaling corrected for interpolation
+            mscale_final *= 1.0f + 0.1f * logf(1.0f / freq_scale);
+        }
+
+        cache[i0 + 0] = cosf(theta_final) * mscale_final;
+        cache[i0 + 1] = sinf(theta_final) * mscale_final;
+
+        theta *= theta_scale;
+    }
+}
+
+#define M_PI 3.1415926535897932384626433
+
+static void rope_corr_dims(int     n_dims,
+                           int     n_ctx_orig,
+                           float   freq_base,
+                           float   beta_fast,
+                           float   beta_slow,
+                           float * dims) {
+    float start = floorf(n_dims * logf(n_ctx_orig / (beta_fast * 2 * (float) M_PI)) / (2 * logf(freq_base)));
+    float end   = ceilf(n_dims * logf(n_ctx_orig / (beta_slow * 2 * (float) M_PI)) / (2 * logf(freq_base)));
+    dims[0]     = MAX(0, start);
+    dims[1]     = MIN(n_dims - 1, end);
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_rope_neox_f32_aa(float * restrict dst, const float * restrict src0, uint32_t ne, const float * restrict theta_cache) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vsrc   = (const HVX_Vector *) src0;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vtheta = (const HVX_Vector *) theta_cache;
+    HVX_Vector       * restrict vdst   = (HVX_Vector *) dst;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = (ne / (VLEN_FP32 * 2) * 2); // 2 vecs per loop, step of 2
+
+    uint32_t he = ne / 2;         // half_dims offset in elements
+    uint32_t hv = he / VLEN_FP32; // half_dims offset in vectors
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nvec; i += 2) {
+        HVX_Vector v0 = vsrc[i/2+0];
+        HVX_Vector v1 = vsrc[i/2+hv];
+
+        HVX_Vector v2 = vtheta[i+0];
+        HVX_Vector v3 = vtheta[i+1];
+
+        HVX_VectorPair vcos_sin = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(v3, v2, -4);  // vcos_sin[0] = cos_theta, vcos_sin[1] = sin_theta
+
+        HVX_Vector vx0_c = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v0, Q6_V_lo_W(vcos_sin));
+        HVX_Vector vx0_s = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v0, Q6_V_hi_W(vcos_sin));
+        HVX_Vector vx1_c = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v1, Q6_V_lo_W(vcos_sin));
+        HVX_Vector vx1_s = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v1, Q6_V_hi_W(vcos_sin));
+
+        HVX_Vector v4 = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vqf32(vx0_c, vx1_s);
+        HVX_Vector v5 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(vx0_s, vx1_c);
+
+        vdst[i/2+0]  = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v4);
+        vdst[i/2+hv] = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v5);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = nvec * VLEN_FP32; i < ne; i += 2) {
+        const float cos_theta = theta_cache[i+0];
+        const float sin_theta = theta_cache[i+1];
+        float x0 = src0[i/2];
+        float x1 = src0[i/2 + he];
+        dst[i/2]      = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
+        dst[i/2 + he] = x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void hvx_rope_f32_aa(float * restrict dst, const float * restrict src0, uint32_t ne, const float * restrict theta_cache) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vsrc   = (const HVX_Vector *) src0;
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict vtheta = (const HVX_Vector *) theta_cache;
+    HVX_Vector       * restrict vdst   = (HVX_Vector *) dst;
+
+    uint32_t nvec = (ne / (VLEN_FP32 * 2)) * 2; // 2 vecs per loop, step of two
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nvec; i+=2) {
+        HVX_Vector v0 = vsrc[i+0];
+        HVX_Vector v1 = vsrc[i+1];
+
+        HVX_Vector v2 = vtheta[i+0];
+        HVX_Vector v3 = vtheta[i+1];
+
+        HVX_VectorPair vx0_x1   = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(v1, v0, -4);  // vx0_x1[0] = x0, vx0_x1[1] = x1
+        HVX_VectorPair vcos_sin = Q6_W_vdeal_VVR(v3, v2, -4);  // vcos_sin[0] = cos_theta, vcos_sin[1] = sin_theta
+
+        HVX_Vector vx0_c = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(vx0_x1), Q6_V_lo_W(vcos_sin));
+        HVX_Vector vx0_s = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_V_lo_W(vx0_x1), Q6_V_hi_W(vcos_sin));
+        HVX_Vector vx1_c = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_V_hi_W(vx0_x1), Q6_V_lo_W(vcos_sin));
+        HVX_Vector vx1_s = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(Q6_V_hi_W(vx0_x1), Q6_V_hi_W(vcos_sin));
+
+        HVX_Vector v4 = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_Vqf32Vqf32(vx0_c, vx1_s);
+        HVX_Vector v5 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(vx0_s, vx1_c);
+
+        HVX_VectorPair vstore = Q6_W_vshuff_VVR(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v5), Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v4), -4);
+
+        vdst[i+0] = Q6_V_lo_W(vstore);
+        vdst[i+1] = Q6_V_hi_W(vstore);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = nvec * VLEN_FP32; i < ne; i += 2) {
+        const float cos_theta = theta_cache[i+0];
+        const float sin_theta = theta_cache[i+1];
+        float x0 = src0[i+0];
+        float x1 = src0[i+1];
+        dst[i+0] = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
+        dst[i+1] = x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta;
+    }
+}
+
+static void inline rope_basic_f32(struct htp_rope_context * rctx, uint8_t * restrict dst, uint8_t * restrict src,
+                   uint32_t nr, uint32_t ne0, const float * restrict theta_cache) {
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+        float * d = (float *) (dst + i * rctx->dst_row_size_aligned);
+        float * s = (float *) (src + i * rctx->src0_row_size_aligned);
+
+        hvx_rope_f32_aa(d, s, rctx->n_dims, theta_cache);
+
+        // fill the remain channels with data from src tensor
+        if (rctx->n_dims < ne0) {
+            hvx_copy_f32_uu((uint8_t *)(d + rctx->n_dims), (uint8_t *)(s + rctx->n_dims), ne0 - rctx->n_dims);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void inline rope_neox_f32(struct htp_rope_context * rctx, uint8_t * restrict dst, uint8_t * restrict src,
+                   uint32_t nr, uint32_t ne0, const float * restrict theta_cache) {
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+        float * d = (float *) (dst + i * rctx->dst_row_size_aligned);
+        float * s = (float *) (src + i * rctx->src0_row_size_aligned);
+
+        hvx_rope_neox_f32_aa(d, s, rctx->n_dims, theta_cache);
+
+        // fill the remain channels with data from src tensor
+        if (rctx->n_dims < ne0) {
+            hvx_copy_f32_uu((uint8_t *)(d + rctx->n_dims), (uint8_t *)(s + rctx->n_dims), ne0 - rctx->n_dims);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void rope_job_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_rope_context * rctx = (struct htp_rope_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = rctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src2 = &octx->src2;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    htp_rope_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = rctx->src0_nrows;
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = rctx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t tt = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const int32_t mode    = rctx->mode;
+    const bool    is_neox = mode & HTP_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
+
+    // VTCM setup
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_base = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    float *   theta_cache    = (float *) (src0_spad_base);
+              src0_spad_base = src0_spad_base + rctx->theta_cache_offset;
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_base  = octx->dst_spad.data + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+    const int32_t * pos = (const int32_t *) src1->data;
+    const float * freq_factors = src2->data ? (const float *) src2->data : NULL;
+
+    uint32_t ir = 0;
+    uint32_t prev_i2 = (uint32_t) -1;
+
+    for (uint32_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) { // batch
+        for (uint32_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) { // seq-len
+            for (uint32_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; ) { // attn-heads
+                if (ir < src0_start_row) { ir++; i1++; continue; }
+                if (ir >= src0_end_row) goto done;
+
+                // Rows in this block
+                const uint32_t nrows = MIN(src0_end_row - ir, ne1 - i1);
+
+                // Depth before prefetch
+                uint32_t dma_depth = dma_queue_depth(dma_queue);
+
+                // FARF(HIGH, "rope-block %u: ir %u n-rows %u dma-depth %u : usec %u", ith, ir, nrows, dma_depth,
+                //             (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - rctx->t_start));
+
+                // Prefetch loop
+                for (uint32_t pnr = 0, pr = 0; pr < nrows && pr < HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS; pr += pnr) {
+                    pnr = MIN(nrows - pr, HTP_ROPE_SPAD_BLOCK);
+
+                    uint32_t pi1 = i1 + pr;
+                    uint32_t pir = ir + pr;
+
+                    // Dummy DMA transaction for sequencing (interleaving dst,src,dst,...)
+                    dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr((void *) dst->data, dst_spad_base + pr * rctx->dst_row_size_aligned), 0, 0, 0);
+
+                    const uint8_t * src_addr = (const uint8_t *) src0->data + i3 * nb03 + i2 * nb02 + pi1 * nb01;
+                          uint8_t * src_spad = src0_spad_base + pr * rctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+                    dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src_spad, src_addr),
+                        rctx->src0_row_size_aligned, rctx->src0_row_size, pnr);
+
+                    // FARF(HIGH, "rope-prefetch %u: pr %u i1 %u i2 %u i3 %u src-spad %p src-addr %p pnr %u", ith, pir, pi1, i2, i3, src_spad, src_addr, pnr);
+                }
+
+                // Update theta cache
+                if (i2 != prev_i2) {
+                    prev_i2 = i2;
+
+                    const int32_t p = pos[i2];
+                    rope_cache_init(p, rctx->freq_scale, freq_factors, rctx->corr_dims, ne0, rctx->ext_factor, rctx->attn_factor, theta_cache, rctx->theta_scale);
+
+                    // FARF(HIGH, "rope-theta %u: ir %u i1 %u i2 %u i3 %u cache %p : usec %u", ith, ir, i1, i2, i3, theta_cache,
+                    //         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - rctx->t_start));
+                }
+
+                // Skip DMA transactions from prev block (if any)
+                // No need to wait for these since the DMA is setup for in-order processing
+                for (uint32_t d=0; d < dma_depth; d++) { dma_queue_pop_nowait(dma_queue); }
+
+                // Compute loop
+                for (uint32_t cnr = 0, cr = 0; cr < nrows; cr += cnr, ir += cnr, i1 += cnr) {
+                    // Number of rows to compute
+                    cnr = MIN(nrows - cr, HTP_ROPE_SPAD_BLOCK);
+
+                    uint8_t * dst_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).src;
+                    uint8_t * src_spad = (uint8_t *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+                    // FARF(HIGH, "rope-compute %u: ir %u i1 %u i2 %u i3 %u src-spad %p cnr %u : usec %u", ith, ir, i1, i2, i3, src_spad, cnr,
+                    //         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - rctx->t_start));
+
+                    if (is_neox) {
+                        rope_neox_f32(rctx, dst_spad, src_spad, cnr, ne0, theta_cache);
+                    } else {
+                        rope_basic_f32(rctx, dst_spad, src_spad, cnr, ne0, theta_cache);
+                    }
+
+                    uint8_t * dst_addr = (uint8_t *) dst->data + i3 * nb3 + i2 * nb2 + i1 * nb1;
+                    dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(dst_addr, dst_spad), rctx->dst_row_size, rctx->dst_row_size_aligned, cnr);
+
+                    // Prefetch more rows (if any)
+                    if ((cr + HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS) < nrows) {
+                        uint32_t pnr = MIN(nrows - (cr + HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS), HTP_ROPE_SPAD_BLOCK);
+                        uint32_t pi1 = i1 + HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS;
+                        uint32_t pir = ir + HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS;
+
+                        const uint8_t * src_addr = (const uint8_t *) src0->data + i3 * nb03 + i2 * nb02 + pi1 * nb01;
+                        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(src_spad, src_addr),
+                            rctx->src0_row_size_aligned, rctx->src0_row_size, pnr);
+
+                        // FARF(HIGH, "rope-prefetch %u: pr %u i1 %u i2 %u i3 %u src-spad %p src-addr %p pnr %u", ith, pir, pi1, i2, i3, src_spad, src_addr, pnr);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+    tt = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - tt;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "rope-f32: %d/%d: (%u:%u) usec %u\n", ith, nth, src0_start_row, src0_end_row, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(tt));
+}
+
+static int execute_op_rope_f32(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src2 = &octx->src2;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    const char * op_type = "rope-f32";
+
+    switch (octx->op) {
+        case HTP_OP_ROPE:
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            FARF(ERROR, "Unsupported Op %u\n", octx->op);
+            return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(octx->n_threads, src0_nrows);
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = dst->nb[1];
+
+    // Aligned row sizes for VTCM
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned    = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, VLEN);
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned     = hex_round_up(dst_row_size, VLEN);
+    const size_t theta_cache_size_aligned = hex_round_up(src0->ne[0] * sizeof(float), 128);
+
+    // Calculate spad sizes per thread
+    size_t src0_spad_per_thread = theta_cache_size_aligned + HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS * src0_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t dst_spad_per_thread  = HTP_ROPE_SPAD_NROWS * dst_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t spad_per_thread = src0_spad_per_thread + dst_spad_per_thread;
+
+    // Check if we fit in VTCM
+    size_t total_vtcm_needed = spad_per_thread * n_threads;
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < total_vtcm_needed) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "%s : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small, needed %zu\n", op_type, octx->ctx->vtcm_size, total_vtcm_needed);
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    // Assign sizes
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = src0_spad_per_thread;
+    octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = dst_spad_per_thread;
+    octx->src0_spad.size = n_threads * src0_spad_per_thread;
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = n_threads * dst_spad_per_thread;
+    octx->src1_spad.size = 0;
+
+    // Assign pointers
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src1_spad.data = NULL;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+
+    // Fill context
+    struct htp_rope_context rctx;
+    memset(&rctx, 0, sizeof(struct htp_rope_context));
+
+    rctx.t_start = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    rctx.octx = octx;
+
+    const int32_t * op_params = &octx->op_params[0];
+    rctx.n_dims     = ((const int32_t *) op_params)[1];
+    rctx.mode       = ((const int32_t *) op_params)[2];
+    rctx.n_ctx_orig = ((const int32_t *) op_params)[4];
+
+    memcpy(&rctx.freq_base,   (int32_t *) op_params + 5,  sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&rctx.freq_scale,  (int32_t *) op_params + 6,  sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&rctx.ext_factor,  (int32_t *) op_params + 7,  sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&rctx.attn_factor, (int32_t *) op_params + 8,  sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&rctx.beta_fast,   (int32_t *) op_params + 9,  sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&rctx.beta_slow,   (int32_t *) op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&rctx.sections,    (int32_t *) op_params + 11, sizeof(int) * 4);
+
+    rctx.theta_scale = powf(rctx.freq_base, -2.0f / rctx.n_dims);
+
+    rope_corr_dims(rctx.n_dims, rctx.n_ctx_orig, rctx.freq_base, rctx.beta_fast, rctx.beta_slow, rctx.corr_dims);
+
+    rctx.src0_row_size = src0_row_size;
+    rctx.dst_row_size  = dst_row_size;
+    rctx.src0_row_size_aligned = src0_row_size_aligned;
+    rctx.dst_row_size_aligned  = dst_row_size_aligned;
+    rctx.theta_cache_offset    = theta_cache_size_aligned;
+
+    rctx.src0_nrows = src0_nrows;
+    rctx.src0_nrows_per_thread = (src0_nrows + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "rope-f32 n-rows %u n-dims %d ne0 %u ext-factor %.6f theta-scale %.6f attn-factor %.6f\n", rctx.src0_nrows, rctx.n_dims, ne0,
+         rctx.ext_factor, rctx.theta_scale, rctx.attn_factor);
+
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, rope_job_f32, &rctx, n_threads);
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+int op_rope(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    switch (octx->src0.type) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            err = execute_op_rope_f32(octx);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            err = HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/set-rows-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/set-rows-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b6967749f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/set-rows-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+#define set_rows_preamble \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = octx->src0.ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = octx->src0.ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = octx->src0.ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = octx->src0.ne[3]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t ne10 = octx->src1.ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne11 = octx->src1.ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne12 = octx->src1.ne[2]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = octx->src0.nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = octx->src0.nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = octx->src0.nb[3]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nb10 = octx->src1.nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb11 = octx->src1.nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb12 = octx->src1.nb[2]; \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = octx->dst.nb[1];   \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = octx->dst.nb[2];   \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = octx->dst.nb[3];   \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = octx->dst.ne[1];   \
+                                            \
+    const uint32_t nr  = ne01;
+
+struct htp_set_rows_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    struct fastdiv_values div_ne12;
+    struct fastdiv_values div_ne11;
+    uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread;
+};
+
+static void set_rows_thread_f32_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void *data) {
+    struct htp_set_rows_context * srctx = (struct htp_set_rows_context *)data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = srctx->octx;
+
+    set_rows_preamble;
+
+    // parallelize by rows of src0
+    const uint32_t dr  = srctx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = (ir0 + dr < nr) ? (ir0 + dr) : nr;
+
+    const bool is_i32 = (octx->src1.type == HTP_TYPE_I32);
+
+    for (uint32_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; ++i03) {
+        for (uint32_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; ++i02) {
+            for (uint32_t i = ir0; i < ir1; ++i) {
+                const uint32_t i12 = fastmodulo(i03, ne12, &srctx->div_ne12);
+                const uint32_t i11 = fastmodulo(i02, ne11, &srctx->div_ne11);
+                const uint32_t i10 = i;
+
+                const uintptr_t src1_addr = octx->src1.data + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
+
+                uint32_t i1 = is_i32 ? *(int32_t *)src1_addr : *(int64_t *)src1_addr;
+                if (i1 >= ne1) {
+                    // ignore invalid indices
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const uintptr_t src0_ptr = octx->src0.data + i*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
+                const uintptr_t dst_ptr  = octx->dst.data  + i1*nb1 + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3;
+
+                // copy row
+                hvx_copy_f32_uu((uint8_t *)dst_ptr, (const uint8_t *)src0_ptr, ne00);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void set_rows_thread_f16_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void *data) {
+    struct htp_set_rows_context * srctx = (struct htp_set_rows_context *)data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = srctx->octx;
+
+    set_rows_preamble;
+
+    // parallelize by rows of src0
+    const uint32_t dr  = srctx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = (ir0 + dr < nr) ? (ir0 + dr) : nr;
+
+    const bool is_i32 = (octx->src1.type == HTP_TYPE_I32);
+
+    for (uint32_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; ++i03) {
+        for (uint32_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; ++i02) {
+            for (uint32_t i = ir0; i < ir1; ++i) {
+                const uint32_t i12 = fastmodulo(i03, ne12, &srctx->div_ne12);
+                const uint32_t i11 = fastmodulo(i02, ne11, &srctx->div_ne11);
+                const uint32_t i10 = i;
+
+                const uintptr_t src1_addr = octx->src1.data + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
+
+                uint32_t i1 = is_i32 ? *(int32_t *)src1_addr : *(int64_t *)src1_addr;
+                if (i1 >= ne1) {
+                    // ignore invalid indices
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const uint8_t* src0_ptr = (const uint8_t *) octx->src0.data + i*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03;
+                uint8_t*       dst_ptr  = (uint8_t *)       octx->dst.data  + i1*nb1 + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3;
+
+                hvx_copy_f16_f32_uu(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, ne00);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int op_set_rows(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    set_rows_preamble;
+
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(nr, octx->n_threads);
+
+    if (octx->src0.type != HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->dst.type != HTP_TYPE_F32 && octx->dst.type != HTP_TYPE_F16) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->src1.type != HTP_TYPE_I32 && octx->src1.type != HTP_TYPE_I64) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    struct htp_set_rows_context srctx;
+    srctx.octx = octx;
+    srctx.div_ne12 = init_fastdiv_values(ne12);
+    srctx.div_ne11 = init_fastdiv_values(ne11);
+
+    srctx.src0_nrows_per_thread = (nr + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+
+    switch(octx->dst.type) {
+    case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, set_rows_thread_f32_f32, &srctx, n_threads);
+        break;
+    case HTP_TYPE_F16:
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, set_rows_thread_f16_f32, &srctx, n_threads);
+        break;
+    default:
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/softmax-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/softmax-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8dae7f1ed55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/softmax-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+#include "hex-fastdiv.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+#define htp_softmax_preamble3                              \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];                     \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];                     \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];                     \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];                     \
+                                                           \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0];                     \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];                     \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];                     \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];                     \
+                                                           \
+    const uint32_t ne10 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->ne[0] : 1; \
+    const uint32_t ne11 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->ne[1] : 1; \
+    const uint32_t ne12 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->ne[2] : 1; \
+    const uint32_t ne13 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->ne[3] : 1; \
+                                                           \
+    const uint32_t nb10 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->nb[0] : 1; \
+    const uint32_t nb11 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->nb[1] : 1; \
+    const uint32_t nb12 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->nb[2] : 1; \
+    const uint32_t nb13 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->nb[3] : 1; \
+                                                           \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];                       \
+                                                           \
+    const uint32_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+struct htp_softmax_context {
+    bool     use_f16;
+    bool     use_src1;
+    uint32_t n_head;
+    uint32_t n_head_log2;
+
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+    float m0;
+    float m1;
+
+    uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    struct fastdiv_values fastdiv_ne01;
+    struct fastdiv_values fastdiv_ne02;
+    struct fastdiv_values fastdiv_ne12; // For mask broadcasting
+    struct fastdiv_values fastdiv_ne13; // For mask broadcasting
+    size_t spad_stride;
+
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+};
+
+static void init_softmax_ctx(struct htp_softmax_context * smctx, struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+
+    memset(smctx, 0, sizeof(struct htp_softmax_context));
+
+    memcpy(&smctx->scale, (float *) octx->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&smctx->max_bias, (float *) octx->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    smctx->n_head      = src0->ne[2];
+    smctx->n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floor(log2(smctx->n_head));
+
+    smctx->m0 = powf(2.0f, -(smctx->max_bias) / smctx->n_head_log2);
+    smctx->m1 = powf(2.0f, -(smctx->max_bias / 2.0f) / smctx->n_head_log2);
+
+    smctx->use_src1 = (src1->ne[0] != 0);
+    smctx->use_f16  = (src1->ne[0] != 0) && (src1->type == HTP_TYPE_F16);
+
+    smctx->octx = octx;
+
+    // Initialize fastdiv values
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+
+    if (ne01 > 0) smctx->fastdiv_ne01 = init_fastdiv_values(ne01);
+    if (ne02 > 0) smctx->fastdiv_ne02 = init_fastdiv_values(ne02);
+
+    const uint32_t ne12 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->ne[2] : 1;
+    const uint32_t ne13 = (src1->ne[0]) ? src1->ne[3] : 1;
+
+    if (ne12 > 0) smctx->fastdiv_ne12 = init_fastdiv_values(ne12);
+    if (ne13 > 0) smctx->fastdiv_ne13 = init_fastdiv_values(ne13);
+}
+
+static void hvx_fast_softmax_prep_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src,
+                                      uint8_t * restrict dst,
+                                      const int num_elems,
+                                      float     scale,
+                                      const uint8_t * restrict mask,
+                                      float slope) {
+    const uint8_t * restrict src_curr  = src;
+    uint8_t * restrict dst_curr        = dst;
+    const uint8_t * restrict mask_curr = mask;
+
+    HVX_Vector scale_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(scale);
+    HVX_Vector slope_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(slope);
+
+    int step_of_1 = num_elems >> 5;
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (int i = 0; i < step_of_1; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = *(HVX_Vector *) src_curr;
+
+        HVX_Vector v3 = *(HVX_Vector *) mask_curr;
+
+        HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v1, scale_vec);
+
+        HVX_Vector v4 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v3, slope_vec);
+
+        HVX_Vector v5 = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(v2, v4);
+
+        *(HVX_Vector *) dst_curr = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v5);
+
+        src_curr += VLEN;
+        dst_curr += VLEN;
+        mask_curr += VLEN;
+    }
+}
+
+static void hvx_fast_softmax_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src,
+                                 uint8_t * restrict dst,
+                                 uint8_t * restrict pad,
+                                 const int num_elems) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict v_src = (HVX_Vector *) src;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict v_pad       = (HVX_Vector *) pad;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict v_dst       = (HVX_Vector *) dst;
+
+    HVX_Vector sum_vec = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x00000000);
+    HVX_Vector max_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(((const float *) src)[0]);
+    HVX_Vector zero_v  = Q6_V_vzero();
+    HVX_Vector one_v   = hvx_vec_splat_f32(1.0);
+
+    int step_of_1 = num_elems >> 5;
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (int i = 0; i < step_of_1; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = v_src[i];
+        max_vec       = Q6_Vsf_vmax_VsfVsf(max_vec, v1);
+    }
+
+    max_vec = hvx_vec_reduce_max_f32(max_vec); // replicated over all lanes
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (int i = 0; i < step_of_1; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = v_src[i];
+        HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(v1, max_vec);
+
+        HVX_Vector v3 = hvx_vec_exp_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v2));
+
+        sum_vec = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_vec), v3);
+
+        v_pad[i] = v3;
+    }
+
+    sum_vec = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_vec)); // replicated over all lanes
+
+    HVX_VectorPred pos_sum   = Q6_Q_vcmp_gt_VwVw(sum_vec, zero_v);
+    HVX_Vector     v4        = hvx_vec_inverse_f32(sum_vec);
+    HVX_Vector     scale_vec = Q6_V_vmux_QVV(pos_sum, v4, one_v);
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (int i = 0; i < step_of_1; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = v_pad[i];
+        HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v1, scale_vec);
+        v_dst[i]      = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v2);
+    }
+}
+
+static float hvx_softmax_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src,
+                             uint8_t * restrict dst,
+                             uint8_t * restrict spad,
+                             const int   num_elems,
+                             const float max) {
+    hvx_sub_scalar_f32(spad, src, max, num_elems);
+
+    hvx_exp_f32(spad, dst, num_elems, false);
+
+    float sum = hvx_reduce_sum_f32(dst, num_elems);
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+static void softmax_job_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_softmax_context * smctx = (struct htp_softmax_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = smctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    htp_softmax_preamble3;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows            = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;  // src0 rows
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows_per_thread = smctx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    int is_aligned = 1;
+    int opt_path   = 0;
+    if (!hex_is_aligned((void *) src0->data, VLEN) || !hex_is_aligned((void *) dst->data, VLEN)) {
+        is_aligned = 0;
+        FARF(HIGH, "softmax-f32: unaligned addresses in elementwise op, possibly slower execution\n");
+    }
+    if ((1 == is_aligned) && !(nb01 & (VLEN - 1))) {
+        opt_path = 1;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_data = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * smctx->spad_stride);
+    uint8_t * src1_spad_data = octx->src1_spad.data + (ith * smctx->spad_stride);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_data  = octx->dst_spad.data + (ith * smctx->spad_stride);
+
+    float * wp0 = (float *) src0_spad_data;
+    float * wp1 = (float *) src1_spad_data;
+    float * wp2 = (float *) dst_spad_data;
+
+    uint32_t prev_i2 = (uint32_t)-1;
+    float slope = 1.0f;
+
+    for (uint32_t r = src0_start_row; r < src0_end_row; ++r) {
+        uint32_t i1 = fastmodulo(r, ne01, &smctx->fastdiv_ne01);
+        uint32_t r_div_ne01 = fastdiv(r, &smctx->fastdiv_ne01);
+        uint32_t i2 = fastmodulo(r_div_ne01, ne02, &smctx->fastdiv_ne02);
+        uint32_t i3 = fastdiv(r_div_ne01, &smctx->fastdiv_ne02);
+
+        // Map to original logic indices
+        // i01 = i1
+        // i02 = i2
+        // i03 = i3
+
+        const uint32_t i11 = i1;
+        // const uint32_t i12 = i2 % ne12;
+        // const uint32_t i13 = i3 % ne13;
+
+        uint32_t i12, i13;
+        if (ne12 == ne02) {
+             i12 = i2;
+        } else {
+             i12 = fastmodulo(i2, ne12, &smctx->fastdiv_ne12);
+        }
+
+        if (ne13 == ne03) {
+             i13 = i3;
+        } else {
+             i13 = fastmodulo(i3, ne13, &smctx->fastdiv_ne13);
+        }
+
+        // ALiBi
+        if (i2 != prev_i2) {
+            const uint32_t h = i2;  // head
+
+            slope = (smctx->max_bias > 0.0f) ?
+                        h < smctx->n_head_log2 ?
+                        powf(smctx->m0, h + 1) :
+                        powf(smctx->m1, 2 * (h - smctx->n_head_log2) + 1) :
+                        1.0f;
+            prev_i2 = i2;
+        }
+
+        float * sp = (float *) ((char *) octx->src0.data + i1 * nb01 + i2 * nb02 + i3 * nb03);
+        float * dp = (float *) ((char *) octx->dst.data + i1 * nb1 + i2 * nb2 + i3 * nb3);
+
+        // broadcast the mask across rows
+        __fp16 * mp_f16 = (smctx->use_src1) ?
+                              (__fp16 *) ((char *) octx->src1.data + i11 * nb11 + i12 * nb12 + i13 * nb13) :
+                              NULL;
+        float *  mp_f32 = (smctx->use_src1) ?
+                              (float *) ((char *) octx->src1.data + i11 * nb11 + i12 * nb12 + i13 * nb13) :
+                              NULL;
+
+        if ((1 == opt_path) && (mp_f32) && !(smctx->use_f16)) {
+            hvx_fast_softmax_prep_f32((const uint8_t *) sp, (uint8_t *) wp0, ne00, smctx->scale,
+                                      (const uint8_t *) mp_f32, slope);
+        } else {
+            hvx_scale_f32((uint8_t *) wp0, (const uint8_t *) sp, ne00, smctx->scale);
+            if (mp_f32) {
+                if (smctx->use_f16) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
+                        wp0[i] += slope * (float) mp_f16[i];
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < ne00; ++i) {
+                        wp0[i] += slope * mp_f32[i];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (1 == opt_path) {
+            hvx_fast_softmax_f32((const uint8_t *) wp0, (uint8_t *) dp, (uint8_t *) wp1, ne00);
+        } else {
+            float max = hvx_reduce_max_f32((const uint8_t *) wp0, ne00);
+            float sum = hvx_softmax_f32((const uint8_t *) wp0, (uint8_t *) wp2, (uint8_t *) wp1, ne00, max);
+            sum       = sum > 0.0 ? (1.0 / sum) : 1;
+            hvx_scale_f32((uint8_t *) dp, (const uint8_t *) wp2, ne00, sum);
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "softmax-f32 %d/%d/%d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) x %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth,
+         smctx->use_f16, opt_path, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, src0_start_row, src0_end_row, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+         ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+static int execute_op_softmax_f32(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = &octx->src1;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    struct htp_softmax_context smctx;
+    const char * op_type = "softmax-f32";
+
+    switch (octx->op) {
+        case HTP_OP_SOFTMAX:
+            init_softmax_ctx(&smctx, octx);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            FARF(ERROR, "Unsupported Op %u\n", octx->op);
+            return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    const uint32_t n_threads  = MIN(octx->n_threads, src0_nrows);
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t src1_row_size = src0_row_size;
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = dst->nb[1];
+
+    // VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    // N rows per thread, padded to HVX vector size
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = hex_round_up(dst_row_size, 128) * n_threads;
+    octx->src0_spad.size = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, 128) * n_threads;
+    octx->src1_spad.size = hex_round_up(src1_row_size, 128) * n_threads;
+
+    // Use stride for calculating offset
+    smctx.spad_stride = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, 128);
+
+    size_t spad_size = octx->src0_spad.size + octx->src1_spad.size + octx->dst_spad.size;
+
+    if (src1->ne[0]) {
+        FARF(HIGH,
+             "%s: %ux%ux%ux%u x %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u : src0-spad-size %u src1-spad-size %u dst-spad-size %u\n",
+             op_type, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2],
+             src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size,
+             octx->dst_spad.size);
+    } else {
+        FARF(HIGH, "%s: %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u : src0-spad-size %u src1-spad-size %u dst-spad-size %u\n", op_type,
+             src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+             octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size, octx->dst_spad.size);
+    }
+
+    // Make sure the reserved vtcm size is sufficient
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < spad_size) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "%s : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small, needed %zu\n", op_type, octx->ctx->vtcm_size,
+             spad_size);
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->src1_spad.data = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size;
+
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        smctx.src0_nrows_per_thread = (src0_nrows + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, softmax_job_f32, &smctx, n_threads);
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+int op_softmax(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    switch (octx->src0.type) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            err = execute_op_softmax_f32(octx);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            err = HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/ssm-conv.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/ssm-conv.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b3c1ef9572e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/ssm-conv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_mem.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+#include <HAP_ps.h>
+#include <hexagon_protos.h>
+#include <hexagon_types.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <qurt_thread.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+#define htp_ssm_conv_tensors_preamble                        \
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict src0    = &octx->src0;      \
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict src1    = &octx->src1;      \
+    struct htp_tensor * restrict dst     = &octx->dst;       \
+    struct htp_spad * restrict src0_spad = &octx->src0_spad; \
+    struct htp_spad * restrict src1_spad = &octx->src1_spad; \
+    struct htp_spad * restrict dst_spad  = &octx->dst_spad;  \
+                                                             \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];                       \
+                                                             \
+    const uint32_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne11 = src1->ne[1];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne12 = src1->ne[2];                       \
+    const uint32_t ne13 = src1->ne[3];                       \
+                                                             \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];                         \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];                         \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];                         \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];                         \
+                                                             \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];                       \
+                                                             \
+    const uint32_t nb10 = src1->nb[0];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb11 = src1->nb[1];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb12 = src1->nb[2];                       \
+    const uint32_t nb13 = src1->nb[3];                       \
+                                                             \
+    const uint32_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];                         \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];                         \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];                         \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+struct htp_ssm_conv_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    uint32_t nrows_per_thread;
+    uint64_t t_start;
+};
+
+#define htp_ssm_conv_preamble                            \
+    struct htp_ssm_conv_context * scctx = (struct htp_ssm_conv_context *) data; \
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = scctx->octx;         \
+    htp_ssm_conv_tensors_preamble;                       \
+    dma_queue * dma_queue         = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+// Scalar FP32 SSM_CONV implementation
+static void ssm_conv_thread_f32_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void *data) {
+    htp_ssm_conv_preamble;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t d_conv  = src1->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t d_inner = src0->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_t     = dst->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_s     = dst->ne[2];
+
+    const uint32_t src0_stride_inner = src0->nb[1] / sizeof(float); // stride for inner dimension
+    const uint32_t src0_stride_seq   = src0->nb[2] / sizeof(float); // stride for sequence dimension
+    const uint32_t src1_stride_inner = src1->nb[1] / sizeof(float); // stride for inner dimension
+    const uint32_t dst_stride_token  = dst->nb[1]  / sizeof(float); // stride for token dimension
+    const uint32_t dst_stride_seq    = dst->nb[2]  / sizeof(float); // stride for sequence dimension
+
+    const float * src0_data = (const float *) src0->data;
+    const float * src1_data = (const float *) src1->data;
+    float *       dst_data  = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    // Calculate row range for this thread
+    const uint32_t d_inner_per_thread = scctx->nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t d_inner_start = d_inner_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t d_inner_end   = MIN(d_inner_start + d_inner_per_thread, d_inner);
+
+    // No work for this thread
+    if (d_inner_start >= d_inner_end) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i3 = 0; i3 < n_s; ++i3) {
+        for (uint32_t i2 = 0; i2 < n_t; ++i2) {
+            for (uint32_t i1 = d_inner_start; i1 < d_inner_end; ++i1) {
+                float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+                for (uint32_t i0 = 0; i0 < d_conv; ++i0) {
+                    const uint32_t src0_idx = (i2 + i0) + i1 * src0_stride_inner + i3 * src0_stride_seq;
+                    const uint32_t src1_idx = i0 + i1 * src1_stride_inner;
+
+                    sumf += src0_data[src0_idx] * src1_data[src1_idx];
+                }
+
+                const uint32_t dst_idx = i1 + i2 * dst_stride_token + i3 * dst_stride_seq;
+                dst_data[dst_idx] = sumf;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "ssm-conv-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) * %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n",
+         ith, nth, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], d_inner_start, d_inner_end,
+         src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1],
+         dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// HVX FP32 SSM_CONV implementation - vectorizes across d_inner dimension
+static void ssm_conv_thread_f32_f32_hvx(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void *data) {
+    htp_ssm_conv_preamble;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const int nc  = src1->ne[0]; // d_conv
+    const int ncs = src0->ne[0]; // d_conv - 1 + n_t
+
+    const uint32_t d_conv  = src1->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t d_inner = src0->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_t     = dst->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_s     = dst->ne[2];
+
+    const float * src0_data = (const float *) src0->data;
+    const float * src1_data = (const float *) src1->data;
+    float *       dst_data  = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    // Calculate row range for this thread
+    const int dr = scctx->nrows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, d_inner);
+    const int      ir  = ir1 - ir0;
+
+    if (ir0 >= ir1) {
+        return;  // No work for this thread
+    }
+
+    // src0 and src1 gather offsets
+    uint32_t __attribute__((aligned(VLEN))) src0_offsets[VLEN_FP32] = { 0 };
+    uint32_t __attribute__((aligned(VLEN))) src1_offsets[VLEN_FP32] = { 0 };
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < VLEN_FP32; ++i) {
+        src0_offsets[i] = i * (ncs)    * sizeof(float);
+        src1_offsets[i] = i * (d_conv) * sizeof(float);
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t src0_gather_len = VLEN * ncs;
+    const uint32_t src1_gather_len = VLEN * d_conv;
+
+    // gather scratchpads
+    HVX_Vector * src0_vec = (HVX_Vector *) (octx->ctx->vtcm_base + ith * VLEN*2 + 0);
+    HVX_Vector * src1_vec = (HVX_Vector *) (octx->ctx->vtcm_base + ith * VLEN*2 + VLEN);
+
+    float * data_src0 = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + ir0 * src0->nb[1]);
+    float * data_src1 = (float *) ((char *) src1->data + ir0 * src1->nb[1]);
+
+    uint8_t * spad_src0 = octx->src0_spad.data + ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread;
+    uint8_t * spad_src1 = octx->src1_spad.data + ith * octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread;
+
+    // copy src1 workload to VTCM
+    dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src1, data_src1), nb11, nb11, ir);
+
+    // FARF(HIGH, "ssm-conv-src1-fetch %d: ir0 %u size %u\n", ith, ir0, nb11 * ir);
+
+    for (uint32_t i3 = 0; i3 < n_s; ++i3) {
+        float * src0_data_ptr = (float *) ((char *) data_src0 + i3 * (src0->nb[2]));
+
+        // copy src0 workload to VTCM
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue, dma_make_ptr(spad_src0, src0_data_ptr), nb01, nb01, ir);
+
+        // FARF(HIGH, "ssm-conv-src0-fetch %d: ir0 %u i3 %u size %u\n", ith, ir0, i3, nb01 * ir);
+
+        dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+        for (uint32_t i2 = 0; i2 < n_t; ++i2) {
+            float * dst_ptr = (float *) ((char *) dst->data + ir0 * (dst->nb[0]) + i2 * (dst->nb[1]) + i3 * (dst->nb[2]));
+
+            const uint32_t nvec = ir / VLEN_FP32;
+            const uint32_t nloe = ir % VLEN_FP32;
+            uint32_t i1 = 0;
+
+            for (uint32_t vi1 = 0; vi1 < nvec; vi1++) {
+                HVX_Vector acc_vec = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0);
+
+                for (uint32_t i0 = 0; i0 < d_conv; ++i0) {
+                    Q6_vgather_ARMVw(src0_vec, GATHER_TYPE(spad_src0 + (i0 + i1 * ncs) * sizeof(float) + i2 * (src0->nb[0])),
+                                     src0_gather_len, (*(const HVX_Vector *) src0_offsets));
+                    Q6_vgather_ARMVw(src1_vec, GATHER_TYPE(spad_src1 + (i0 + i1 * nc) * sizeof(float)),
+                                     src1_gather_len, (*(const HVX_Vector *) src1_offsets));
+
+                    HVX_Vector prod = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(*(const HVX_Vector *) src0_vec, *(const HVX_Vector *) src1_vec);
+                    acc_vec = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(acc_vec, prod);
+                }
+
+                *(HVX_UVector *) (dst_ptr + i1) = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(acc_vec);
+                i1 += VLEN_FP32;
+            }
+
+            if (nloe) {
+                HVX_Vector acc_vec = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0);
+
+                for (uint32_t i0 = 0; i0 < d_conv; ++i0) {
+                    Q6_vgather_ARMVw(src0_vec, GATHER_TYPE(spad_src0 + (i0 + i1 * ncs) * sizeof(float) + i2 * (src0->nb[0])),
+                                     src0_gather_len, (*(const HVX_Vector *) src0_offsets));
+                    Q6_vgather_ARMVw(src1_vec, GATHER_TYPE(spad_src1 + (i0 + i1 * nc) * sizeof(float)),
+                                     src1_gather_len, (*(const HVX_Vector *) src1_offsets));
+
+                    HVX_Vector prod = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(*(const HVX_Vector *) src0_vec, *(const HVX_Vector *) src1_vec);
+                    acc_vec = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(acc_vec, prod);
+                }
+
+                hvx_vec_store_u(dst_ptr + i1, (ir - i1) * 4, Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(acc_vec));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "ssm-conv-f32-hvx %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) * %ux%ux%ux%u -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n",
+         ith, nth, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], ir0, ir1,
+         src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1],
+         dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+int op_ssm_conv_f32(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    htp_ssm_conv_tensors_preamble;
+
+    if (src0->type != HTP_TYPE_F32 || src1->type != HTP_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "ssm_conv: only (F32 x F32 -> F32) OPs supported");
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    struct htp_ssm_conv_context scctx = { 0 };
+    scctx.octx = octx;
+
+    const uint32_t d_conv  = src1->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t d_inner = src0->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_t     = dst->ne[1];  // tokens per sequence
+    const uint32_t n_s     = dst->ne[2];  // number of sequences in the batch
+
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(octx->n_threads, d_inner);
+
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        uint32_t use_hvx = 0;
+        if (d_inner >= VLEN_FP32 && d_inner % VLEN_FP32 == 0) {
+            int is_aligned = hex_is_aligned((void *) src0->data, VLEN) &&
+                             hex_is_aligned((void *) src1->data, VLEN) &&
+                             hex_is_aligned((void *) dst->data, VLEN);
+
+            if (is_aligned) {
+                use_hvx = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (use_hvx) {
+            scctx.nrows_per_thread  = (d_inner + n_threads - 1) / n_threads; // d_inner chunks per thread
+            scctx.nrows_per_thread += (scctx.nrows_per_thread & 1); // round up to even
+
+            octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(scctx.nrows_per_thread * nb01, 256);
+            octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread = hex_round_up(scctx.nrows_per_thread * nb11, 256);
+            octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = hex_round_up(scctx.nrows_per_thread * sizeof(float), 256);
+
+            octx->src0_spad.size = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread * n_threads;
+            octx->src1_spad.size = octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread * n_threads;
+            octx->dst_spad.size  = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  * n_threads;
+
+            // Compute gather scratchpad size for src0 and src1
+            const size_t gather_spad_size = n_threads * VLEN * 2;
+
+            octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base + gather_spad_size;
+            octx->src1_spad.data = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+            octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src1_spad.data + octx->src1_spad.size;
+
+            FARF(HIGH, "ssm_conv-f32: gather-spad:%zu spad-per-thread:(%u:%u:%u) spad-sizes:(%u:%u:%u) spad-data:(%p:%p:%p)\n",
+                gather_spad_size, octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread, octx->src1_spad.size_per_thread,
+                octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread, octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size, octx->dst_spad.size,
+                octx->src0_spad.data, octx->src1_spad.data, octx->dst_spad.data);
+
+            const size_t total_spad_size =
+                gather_spad_size + octx->src0_spad.size + octx->src1_spad.size + octx->dst_spad.size;
+
+            if (total_spad_size > octx->ctx->vtcm_size) {
+                FARF(HIGH, "ssm_conv-f32: HVX scratchpad size %zu exceeds VTCM size %zu", total_spad_size,
+                     octx->ctx->vtcm_size);
+                use_hvx = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        FARF(HIGH, "ssm-conv-f32: (%ux%ux%ux%u) x (%ux%ux%ux%u) -> (%ux%ux%ux%u) : use_hvx %d\n", src0->ne[0],
+             src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3], dst->ne[0],
+             dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], use_hvx);
+
+        if (use_hvx) {
+            worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, ssm_conv_thread_f32_f32_hvx, &scctx, n_threads);
+        } else {
+            worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, ssm_conv_thread_f32_f32, &scctx, n_threads);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+int op_ssm_conv(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int                 err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    struct htp_tensor * dst = &octx->dst;
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            err = op_ssm_conv_f32(octx);
+            break;
+        default:
+            err = HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/sum-rows-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/sum-rows-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..352650b689b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/sum-rows-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+#define sum_rows_preamble                       \
+    struct htp_tensor *src0 =  &octx->src0;\
+    struct htp_tensor *dst  = &octx->dst;  \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];     \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];     \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];     \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];     \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src0->nb[0];     \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];     \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];     \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];     \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t  ne0 = dst->ne[0];      \
+    const uint32_t  ne1 = dst->ne[1];      \
+    const uint32_t  ne2 = dst->ne[2];      \
+    const uint32_t  ne3 = dst->ne[3];      \
+                                           \
+    const uint32_t  nb0 = dst->nb[0];      \
+    const uint32_t  nb1 = dst->nb[1];      \
+    const uint32_t  nb2 = dst->nb[2];      \
+    const uint32_t  nb3 = dst->nb[3];      \
+
+struct sum_rows_context {
+    const uint8_t * src_data;
+    uint8_t       * dst_data;
+    uint32_t        ne00;
+    size_t          src_stride;
+    size_t          dst_stride;
+    uint32_t        rows_per_thread;
+    uint32_t        total_rows;
+    bool            opt_path;
+};
+
+static void sum_rows_thread_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void *data) {
+    const struct sum_rows_context * smctx = (const struct sum_rows_context *) data;
+
+    const uint32_t rows_per_thread = smctx->rows_per_thread;
+    const uint32_t total_rows      = smctx->total_rows;
+
+    const uint32_t start_row = rows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_row   = MIN(start_row + rows_per_thread, total_rows);
+
+    if (start_row >= end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t   src_stride = smctx->src_stride;
+    const size_t   dst_stride = smctx->dst_stride;
+    const uint32_t ne00       = smctx->ne00;
+    const bool     opt_path   = smctx->opt_path;
+
+    const float * restrict src_th = (const float *) (smctx->src_data + (start_row * src_stride));
+    float       * restrict dst_th = (float *)       (smctx->dst_data + (start_row * dst_stride));
+
+    // Calculate actual number of rows for this thread
+    const uint32_t n_rows = end_row - start_row;
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = 0; ir < n_rows; ir++) {
+        const float * restrict src_local = src_th + (ir * (src_stride / sizeof(float)));
+
+        if (ir + 1 < n_rows) {
+            hex_l2fetch(src_local + (src_stride / sizeof(float)), src_stride, src_stride, 1);
+        }
+
+        if (opt_path) {
+            dst_th[ir] = hvx_reduce_sum_f32_a((const uint8_t *) src_local, ne00);
+        } else {
+            dst_th[ir] = hvx_reduce_sum_f32((const uint8_t *) src_local, ne00);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int op_sum_rows(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    sum_rows_preamble;
+
+    if (octx->src0.type != HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(octx->n_threads, src0_nrows);
+    const uint32_t rows_per_thread = (src0_nrows + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
+
+    bool opt_path = false;
+    if ((0 == hex_is_aligned((void *) src0->data, VLEN)) && !(nb01 & (VLEN - 1))) {
+        opt_path = true;
+    }
+
+    struct sum_rows_context smctx = {
+        .src_data        = (const uint8_t *) src0->data,
+        .dst_data        = (uint8_t *) dst->data,
+        .ne00            = ne00,
+        .src_stride      = nb01,
+        .dst_stride      = nb1,
+        .rows_per_thread = rows_per_thread,
+        .total_rows      = src0_nrows,
+        .opt_path        = opt_path,
+    };
+
+    worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, sum_rows_thread_f32, &smctx, n_threads);
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/unary-ops.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/unary-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bbd5040d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/unary-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-msg.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+struct htp_unary_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+
+    // Precomputed values
+    const uint8_t *           data_src0;
+    uint8_t *                 data_dst;
+
+    size_t                    src0_row_size;
+    size_t                    dst_row_size;
+
+    size_t                    src0_row_size_aligned;
+    size_t                    dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    size_t                    src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t                    dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    uint32_t                  block;
+    uint32_t                  src0_nrows;
+    uint32_t                  src0_nrows_per_thread;
+    uint32_t                  nc;
+};
+
+#define htp_unary_preamble            \
+    const uint32_t ne00 = src->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne01 = src->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne03 = src->ne[3]; \
+                                      \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];  \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];  \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];  \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];  \
+                                      \
+    const uint32_t nb00 = src->nb[0]; \
+    const uint32_t nb01 = src->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src->nb[3]; \
+                                      \
+    const uint32_t nb0 = dst->nb[0];  \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];  \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];  \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+static void hvx_fast_rms_norm_f32(const uint8_t * restrict src,
+                                  uint8_t * restrict dst,
+                                  uint8_t * restrict pad,
+                                  const int num_elems,
+                                  float     epsilon) {
+    const HVX_Vector * restrict v_src = (HVX_Vector *) src;
+    HVX_Vector * restrict v_dst       = (HVX_Vector *) dst;
+
+    HVX_Vector sum_v     = Q6_V_vsplat_R(0x00000000);
+    HVX_Vector epsilon_v = hvx_vec_splat_f32(epsilon);
+
+    int step_of_1 = num_elems >> 5;
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (int i = 0; i < step_of_1; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = v_src[i];
+        HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v1, v1);
+        sum_v         = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vqf32(sum_v, v2);
+    }
+
+    sum_v = hvx_vec_reduce_sum_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(sum_v)); // replicated over all lanes
+
+    HVX_Vector t_v            = hvx_vec_splat_f32((float) num_elems);
+    HVX_Vector denom_v        = hvx_vec_inverse_f32(t_v);
+    HVX_Vector mean_v         = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(sum_v, denom_v);
+    HVX_Vector mean_epsilon_v = Q6_Vqf32_vadd_Vqf32Vsf(mean_v, epsilon_v);
+
+    HVX_Vector scale_v = hvx_vec_rsqrt_f32(Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(mean_epsilon_v));
+
+    #pragma unroll(4)
+    for (int i = 0; i < step_of_1; i++) {
+        HVX_Vector v1 = v_src[i];
+        HVX_Vector v2 = Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(v1, scale_v);
+        v_dst[i]      = Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(v2);
+    }
+}
+
+static void scale_f32(const float * restrict src,
+                      float * restrict dst,
+                      uint8_t * restrict spad,
+                      const uint32_t num_rows,
+                      const uint32_t row_elems,
+                      const size_t   row_size,
+                      int32_t *      op_params) {
+    float scale = 0.f;
+    float bias  = 0.f;
+    memcpy(&scale, &op_params[0], sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&bias,  &op_params[1], sizeof(float));
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = 0; ir < num_rows; ir++) {
+        const uint8_t * restrict src_local = (const uint8_t *)src + (ir * row_size);
+        uint8_t * restrict dst_local       = (uint8_t *)dst + (ir * row_size);
+
+        hvx_scale_offset_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_local, (const uint8_t *) src_local, row_elems, scale, bias);
+    }
+}
+
+static void rms_norm_f32(const float * restrict src,
+                         float * restrict dst,
+                         uint8_t * restrict spad,
+                         const uint32_t num_rows,
+                         const uint32_t row_elems,
+                         const size_t   row_size,
+                         int32_t *      op_params) {
+    float epsilon = 0.f;
+    memcpy(&epsilon, op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = 0; ir < num_rows; ir++) {
+        const uint8_t * restrict src_local = (const uint8_t *)src + (ir * row_size);
+        uint8_t * restrict dst_local       = (uint8_t *)dst + (ir * row_size);
+
+        hvx_fast_rms_norm_f32((const uint8_t *) src_local, (uint8_t *) dst_local, spad, row_elems, epsilon);
+    }
+}
+
+static void sqr_f32(const float * restrict src,
+                    float * restrict dst,
+                    uint8_t * restrict spad,
+                    const uint32_t num_rows,
+                    const uint32_t row_elems,
+                    const size_t   row_size,
+                    int32_t *      op_params) {
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = 0; ir < num_rows; ir++) {
+        const uint8_t * restrict src_local = (const uint8_t *)src + (ir * row_size);
+        uint8_t * restrict dst_local       = (uint8_t *)dst + (ir * row_size);
+
+        hvx_sqr_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_local, (const uint8_t *) src_local, row_elems);
+    }
+}
+
+static void sqrt_f32(const float * restrict src,
+                     float * restrict dst,
+                     uint8_t * restrict spad,
+                     const uint32_t num_rows,
+                     const uint32_t row_elems,
+                     const size_t   row_size,
+                     int32_t *      op_params) {
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = 0; ir < num_rows; ir++) {
+        const uint8_t * restrict src_local = (const uint8_t *)src + (ir * row_size);
+        uint8_t * restrict dst_local       = (uint8_t *)dst + (ir * row_size);
+
+        hvx_sqrt_f32_aa((uint8_t *) dst_local, (const uint8_t *) src_local, row_elems);
+    }
+}
+
+static void unary_job_f32_per_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    const struct htp_unary_context * uctx = (const struct htp_unary_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx = uctx->octx;
+    const struct htp_tensor * src = &octx->src0;
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst = &octx->dst;
+
+    htp_unary_preamble;
+
+    int                       htp_op = octx->op;
+    int32_t *                 op_params = octx->op_params;
+    uint32_t                  src0_nrows_per_thread = uctx->src0_nrows_per_thread;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = uctx->src0_row_size;
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = uctx->dst_row_size;
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = uctx->src0_row_size_aligned;
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = uctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = uctx->src0_nrows;
+    const uint32_t src0_start_row = src0_nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t src0_end_row   = MIN(src0_start_row + src0_nrows_per_thread, src0_nrows);
+
+    // no work for this thread
+    if (src0_start_row >= src0_end_row) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint8_t * restrict data_src = uctx->data_src0;
+    uint8_t * restrict       data_dst = uctx->data_dst;
+
+    uint8_t * src0_spad_data = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad_data  = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread);
+
+    size_t src0_spad_half_size = uctx->src0_spad_half_size;
+    size_t dst_spad_half_size  = uctx->dst_spad_half_size;
+
+    const int BLOCK = uctx->block;
+    if (BLOCK == 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "unary-f32 : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small for even 1 row per thread, needed at least %zu\n",
+             octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread, src0_row_size_aligned);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row, spad_idx = 0; ir < src0_end_row && spad_idx < 2; ir += BLOCK, spad_idx++) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        // Dummy DMA transation for sequencing (interleaving dst,src,dst,...)
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst, dst_spad_data + (spad_idx * dst_spad_half_size)),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, 0);
+
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(src0_spad_data + (spad_idx * src0_spad_half_size), data_src + (ir * src0_row_size)),
+            src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, block_size);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t ir = src0_start_row; ir < src0_end_row; ir += BLOCK) {
+        const uint32_t block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - ir);
+
+        float * dst_spad  = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).src;
+        float * src0_spad = (float *) dma_queue_pop(dma_queue).dst;
+
+        // Process block in VTCM
+        switch (htp_op) {
+            case HTP_OP_RMS_NORM:
+                rms_norm_f32(src0_spad, dst_spad, NULL, block_size, ne0, src0_row_size_aligned, op_params);
+                break;
+            case HTP_OP_SCALE:
+                scale_f32(src0_spad, dst_spad, NULL, block_size, ne0, src0_row_size_aligned, op_params);
+                break;
+            case HTP_OP_SQR:
+                sqr_f32(src0_spad, dst_spad, NULL, block_size, ne0, src0_row_size_aligned, op_params);
+                break;
+            case HTP_OP_SQRT:
+                sqrt_f32(src0_spad, dst_spad, NULL, block_size, ne0, src0_row_size_aligned, op_params);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+            dma_make_ptr(data_dst + (ir * dst_row_size), dst_spad),
+            dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, block_size);
+
+        // prefetch N+2 loop iteration if any
+        const uint32_t pref_block = (ir + BLOCK * 2);
+        if (pref_block < src0_end_row) {
+            const uint32_t pref_block_size = MIN(BLOCK, src0_end_row - pref_block);
+            dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+                dma_make_ptr(src0_spad, data_src + (pref_block * src0_row_size)),
+                src0_row_size_aligned, src0_row_size, pref_block_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "unary-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n", ith, nth, src->ne[0],
+         src->ne[1], src->ne[2], src->ne[3], src0_start_row, src0_end_row, dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2],
+         dst->ne[3], (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+static int execute_op_unary_f32(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = &octx->src0;
+    struct htp_tensor *       dst  = &octx->dst;
+
+    const char * op_type = NULL;
+
+    switch (octx->op) {
+        case HTP_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            op_type = "rmsnorm-f32";
+            break;
+        case HTP_OP_SCALE:
+            op_type = "scale-f32";
+            break;
+        case HTP_OP_SQR:
+            op_type = "sqr-f32";
+            break;
+        case HTP_OP_SQRT:
+            op_type = "sqrt-f32";
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            FARF(ERROR, "Unsupported unary Op %u\n", octx->op);
+            return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t src0_nrows = src0->ne[1] * src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    const uint32_t n_threads  = MIN(octx->n_threads, src0_nrows);
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t dst_row_size  = dst->nb[1];
+
+    const size_t src0_row_size_aligned = hex_round_up(src0_row_size, VLEN);
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned  = hex_round_up(dst_row_size, VLEN);
+
+    // VTCM scratchpads for all tensors
+    // N rows per thread, padded to HVX vector size
+    // Double buffering requires 2x size per buffer
+
+    size_t spad_size_per_row   = 2 * (src0_row_size_aligned + dst_row_size_aligned);
+    size_t vtcm_row_per_thread = (octx->ctx->vtcm_size)/ (n_threads * spad_size_per_row);
+
+    // Make sure the reserved vtcm size is sufficient
+    if (vtcm_row_per_thread == 0) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "unary-%s : current VTCM reservation %zu is too small, needed %zu\n", op_type, octx->ctx->vtcm_size,
+             spad_size_per_row * n_threads);
+        return HTP_STATUS_VTCM_TOO_SMALL;
+    }
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = src0_row_size_aligned * vtcm_row_per_thread * 2;
+    octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = dst_row_size_aligned * vtcm_row_per_thread * 2;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size = n_threads * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread;
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = n_threads * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "%s: (%ux%ux%ux%u) -> (%ux%ux%ux%u) : src0-spad-size %u src1-spad-size %u dst-spad-size %u\n", op_type,
+         src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+         octx->src0_spad.size, octx->src1_spad.size, octx->dst_spad.size);
+
+    if (!(octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE)) {
+        struct htp_unary_context uctx = {
+            .octx                  = octx,
+            .src0_nrows_per_thread = (src0_nrows + n_threads - 1) / n_threads,
+            .src0_nrows            = src0_nrows,
+
+            .data_src0             = (const uint8_t *)src0->data,
+            .data_dst              = (uint8_t *)dst->data,
+
+            .src0_row_size         = src0_row_size,
+            .dst_row_size          = dst_row_size,
+
+            .src0_row_size_aligned = src0_row_size_aligned,
+            .dst_row_size_aligned  = dst_row_size_aligned,
+
+            .src0_spad_half_size   = octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2,
+            .dst_spad_half_size    = octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread / 2,
+
+            .block                 = (octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread / 2) / src0_row_size_aligned,
+            .nc                    = src0->ne[0],
+        };
+
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, unary_job_f32_per_thread, &uctx, n_threads);
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+int op_unary(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    switch (octx->src0.type) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            err = execute_op_unary_f32(octx);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            err = HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/worker-pool.c b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/worker-pool.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..172e28908eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/worker-pool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+#include "worker-pool.h"
+
+#include <qurt.h>
+#include <stdatomic.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "HAP_farf.h"
+
+#define WORKER_THREAD_STACK_SZ  (2 * 16384)
+#define LOWEST_USABLE_QURT_PRIO (254)
+
+struct worker_pool_s;
+
+// internal structure kept in thread-local storage per instance of worker pool
+typedef struct {
+    struct worker_pool_s * pool;
+    unsigned int           id;
+} worker_context_t;
+
+// internal structure kept in thread-local storage per instance of worker pool
+typedef struct worker_pool_s {
+    worker_pool_job_t job[MAX_NUM_WORKERS];      // list of job descriptors
+    qurt_thread_t     thread[MAX_NUM_WORKERS];   // thread ID's of the workers
+    worker_context_t  context[MAX_NUM_WORKERS];  // worker contexts
+    void *            stack[MAX_NUM_WORKERS];    // thread stack pointers
+    unsigned int      n_threads;                 // number of workers in this pool
+
+    atomic_uint seqn;                            // seqno used to detect new jobs
+    atomic_uint next_job;                        // next job index
+    atomic_uint n_pending;                       // number of pending jobs
+    atomic_uint n_jobs;                          // number of current jobs
+    atomic_bool killed;                          // threads need to exit
+} worker_pool_t;
+
+static void worker_pool_main(void * context) {
+    worker_context_t * me   = (worker_context_t *) context;
+    worker_pool_t *    pool = me->pool;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "worker-pool: thread %u started", me->id);
+
+    unsigned int prev_seqn = 0;
+    while (!atomic_load(&pool->killed)) {
+        unsigned int seqn = atomic_load(&pool->seqn);
+        if (seqn == prev_seqn) {
+            // Nothing to do
+            qurt_futex_wait(&pool->seqn, prev_seqn);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // New job
+        prev_seqn = seqn;
+
+        unsigned int n = atomic_load(&pool->n_jobs);
+        unsigned int i = atomic_fetch_add(&pool->next_job, 1);
+        if (i >= n) {
+            // Spurious wakeup
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        pool->job[i].func(n, i, pool->job[i].data);
+
+        atomic_fetch_sub(&pool->n_pending, 1);
+    }
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "worker-pool: thread %u stopped", me->id);
+}
+
+AEEResult worker_pool_init_with_stack_size(worker_pool_context_t * context, uint32_t n_threads, uint32_t stack_size) {
+    int err = 0;
+
+    if (NULL == context) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "NULL context passed to worker_pool_init().");
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    // Allocations
+    int size = (stack_size * n_threads) + (sizeof(worker_pool_t));
+
+    unsigned char * mem_blob = (unsigned char *) malloc(size);
+    if (!mem_blob) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "Could not allocate memory for worker pool!!");
+        return AEE_ENOMEMORY;
+    }
+
+    worker_pool_t * me = (worker_pool_t *) (mem_blob + stack_size * n_threads);
+
+    // name for the first worker, useful in debugging threads
+    char name[19];
+    snprintf(name, 12, "0x%8x:", (int) me);
+    strcat(name, "worker0");
+    me->n_threads = n_threads;
+
+    // initializations
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < me->n_threads; i++) {
+        me->stack[i]  = NULL;
+        me->thread[i] = 0;
+
+        me->context[i].id   = i;
+        me->context[i].pool = me;
+    }
+
+    // initialize job queue
+    me->n_pending = 0;
+    me->n_jobs    = 0;
+    me->next_job  = 0;
+    me->seqn      = 0;
+    me->killed    = 0;
+
+    // launch the workers
+    qurt_thread_attr_t attr;
+    qurt_thread_attr_init(&attr);
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < me->n_threads; i++) {
+        // set up stack
+        me->stack[i] = mem_blob;
+        mem_blob += stack_size;
+        qurt_thread_attr_set_stack_addr(&attr, me->stack[i]);
+        qurt_thread_attr_set_stack_size(&attr, stack_size);
+
+        // set up name
+        qurt_thread_attr_set_name(&attr, name);
+        name[17] = (name[17] + 1);
+        // name threads context:worker0, context:worker1, .. (recycle at 9, but num threads should be less than that anyway)
+        if (name[17] > '9') {
+            name[17] = '0';
+        }
+
+        // set up priority - by default, match the creating thread's prio
+        int prio = qurt_thread_get_priority(qurt_thread_get_id());
+
+        if (prio < 1) {
+            prio = 1;
+        }
+        if (prio > LOWEST_USABLE_QURT_PRIO) {
+            prio = LOWEST_USABLE_QURT_PRIO;
+        }
+
+        qurt_thread_attr_set_priority(&attr, prio);
+
+        // launch
+        err = qurt_thread_create(&me->thread[i], &attr, worker_pool_main, (void *) &me->context[i]);
+        if (err) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Could not launch worker threads!");
+            worker_pool_release((worker_pool_context_t *) &me);
+            return AEE_EQURTTHREADCREATE;
+        }
+    }
+    *context = (worker_pool_context_t *) me;
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+AEEResult worker_pool_init(worker_pool_context_t * context, uint32_t n_threads) {
+    return worker_pool_init_with_stack_size(context, n_threads, WORKER_THREAD_STACK_SZ);
+}
+
+// clean up worker pool
+void worker_pool_release(worker_pool_context_t * context) {
+    worker_pool_t * me = (worker_pool_t *) *context;
+
+    // if no worker pool exists, return error.
+    if (NULL == me) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    atomic_store(&me->killed, 1);
+    atomic_fetch_add(&me->seqn, 1);
+    qurt_futex_wake(&me->seqn, me->n_threads);
+
+    // de-initializations
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < me->n_threads; i++) {
+        if (me->thread[i]) {
+            int status;
+            (void) qurt_thread_join(me->thread[i], &status);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // free allocated memory (were allocated as a single buffer starting at stack[0])
+    if (me->stack[0]) {
+        free(me->stack[0]);
+    }
+
+    *context = NULL;
+}
+
+// run jobs
+AEEResult worker_pool_run_jobs(worker_pool_context_t context, worker_pool_job_t * job, unsigned int n) {
+    worker_pool_t * me = (worker_pool_t *) context;
+    if (NULL == me) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "worker-pool: invalid context");
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    if (n > me->n_threads) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "worker-pool: invalid number of jobs %u for n-threads %u", n, me->n_threads);
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(me->job, job, sizeof(worker_pool_job_t) * n);
+
+    if (n > 1) {
+        atomic_store(&me->next_job, 1);
+        atomic_store(&me->n_jobs, n);
+        atomic_store(&me->n_pending, n - 1);
+
+        // wake up workers
+        atomic_fetch_add(&me->seqn, 1);
+        qurt_futex_wake(&me->seqn, n - 1);
+    }
+
+    // main thread runs job #0
+    me->job[0].func(n, 0, me->job[0].data);
+
+    if (n > 1) {
+        while (atomic_load(&me->n_pending))
+            ;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// run func
+AEEResult worker_pool_run_func(worker_pool_context_t context, worker_callback_t func, void * data, unsigned int n) {
+    worker_pool_job_t job[n];
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        job[i].func = func;
+        job[i].data = data;
+    }
+
+    return worker_pool_run_jobs(context, job, n);
+}
+
+AEEResult worker_pool_set_thread_priority(worker_pool_context_t context, unsigned int prio) {
+    worker_pool_t * me = (worker_pool_t *) context;
+
+    // if no worker pool exists, return error.
+    if (!me) {
+        return AEE_ENOMORE;
+    }
+
+    int result = AEE_SUCCESS;
+    if (prio < 1) {
+        prio = 1;
+    }
+    if (prio > LOWEST_USABLE_QURT_PRIO) {
+        prio = LOWEST_USABLE_QURT_PRIO;
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < me->n_threads; i++) {
+        int res = qurt_thread_set_priority(me->thread[i], (unsigned short) prio);
+        if (0 != res) {
+            result = AEE_EBADPARM;
+            FARF(ERROR, "QURT failed to set priority of thread %d, ERROR = %d", me->thread[i], res);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+AEEResult worker_pool_retrieve_thread_id(worker_pool_context_t context, unsigned int * tids) {
+    worker_pool_t * me = (worker_pool_t *) context;
+    if (!me) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "worker-pool: invalid context");
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+        ;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < me->n_threads; i++) {
+        tids[i] = me->thread[i];
+    }
+
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+AEEResult worker_pool_get_thread_priority(worker_pool_context_t context, unsigned int * prio) {
+    worker_pool_t * me = (worker_pool_t *) context;
+    if (!me) {
+        FARF(ERROR, "worker-pool: invalid context");
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    int priority = qurt_thread_get_priority(me->thread[0]);
+    if (priority > 0) {
+        *prio = priority;
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        *prio = 0;
+        return AEE_EBADSTATE;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/worker-pool.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/worker-pool.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f8c9056c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/worker-pool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#ifndef HTP_WORKER_POOL_H
+#define HTP_WORKER_POOL_H
+
+// MACRO enables function to be visible in shared-library case.
+#define WORKERPOOL_API __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+
+#include <AEEStdDef.h>
+#include <AEEStdErr.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/// signature of callbacks to be invoked by worker threads
+typedef void (*worker_callback_t)(unsigned int n, unsigned int i, void *);
+
+/// Typedef of worker_pool context
+typedef void * worker_pool_context_t;
+
+/// descriptor for requested callback
+typedef struct {
+    worker_callback_t func;
+    void *            data;
+} worker_pool_job_t;
+
+/// Maximum supported number of worker threads.
+#define MAX_NUM_WORKERS 10
+
+// Initialize worker pool.
+WORKERPOOL_API AEEResult worker_pool_init(worker_pool_context_t * context, uint32_t n_threads);
+
+// Initialize worker pool with custom stack size
+WORKERPOOL_API AEEResult worker_pool_init_with_stack_size(worker_pool_context_t * context,
+                                                          uint32_t                n_threads,
+                                                          uint32_t                stack_size);
+
+// Kill worker threads and release worker pool resources
+WORKERPOOL_API void worker_pool_release(worker_pool_context_t * context);
+
+// Run jobs with the worker pool.
+WORKERPOOL_API AEEResult worker_pool_run_jobs(worker_pool_context_t context, worker_pool_job_t * job, unsigned int n);
+
+WORKERPOOL_API AEEResult worker_pool_run_func(worker_pool_context_t context,
+                                              worker_callback_t     func,
+                                              void *                data,
+                                              unsigned int          n);
+
+WORKERPOOL_API AEEResult worker_pool_set_thread_priority(worker_pool_context_t context, unsigned int prio);
+WORKERPOOL_API AEEResult worker_pool_get_thread_priority(worker_pool_context_t context, unsigned int * prio);
+WORKERPOOL_API AEEResult worker_pool_retrieve_thread_id(worker_pool_context_t context, unsigned int * tids);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  // #ifndef HTP_WORKER_POOL_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/libdl.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/libdl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ca5016f039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/libdl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#   define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#   ifndef NOMINMAX
+#       define NOMINMAX
+#   endif
+#   include <windows.h>
+#   include <winevt.h>
+#else
+#    include <dlfcn.h>
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <filesystem>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+using dl_handle = std::remove_pointer_t<HMODULE>;
+
+struct dl_handle_deleter {
+    void operator()(HMODULE handle) {
+        FreeLibrary(handle);
+    }
+};
+
+static inline dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
+    // suppress error dialogs for missing DLLs
+    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+
+    HMODULE handle = LoadLibraryW(path.wstring().c_str());
+
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
+
+    return handle;
+}
+
+static inline void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
+    DWORD old_mode = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+
+    void * p = (void *) GetProcAddress(handle, name);
+
+    SetErrorMode(old_mode);
+
+    return p;
+}
+
+static inline const char * dl_error() {
+    return "";
+}
+
+#else
+
+using dl_handle = void;
+
+struct dl_handle_deleter {
+    void operator()(void * handle) {
+        dlclose(handle);
+    }
+};
+
+static inline dl_handle * dl_load_library(const fs::path & path) {
+    dl_handle * handle = dlopen(path.string().c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+    return handle;
+}
+
+static inline void * dl_get_sym(dl_handle * handle, const char * name) {
+    return dlsym(handle, name);
+}
+
+static inline const char * dl_error() {
+    const char *rslt = dlerror();
+    return rslt != nullptr ? rslt : "";
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/libggml-htp.inf b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/libggml-htp.inf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..656d2d9ab26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/libggml-htp.inf
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+[Version]
+Signature   = "$WINDOWS NT$"
+Class       = ComputeAccelerator
+ClassGuid   = {F01A9D53-3FF6-48D2-9F97-C8A7004BE10C}
+Provider    = %GGML%
+DriverVer   = 01/01/2026,1.0.0.0
+CatalogFile = libggml-htp.cat
+PnpLockDown = 1
+
+[DestinationDirs]
+Drivers_Dir = 6
+
+[SourceDisksNames]
+1 = %DiskId%
+
+[SourceDisksFiles]
+libggml-htp-v68.so = 1
+libggml-htp-v69.so = 1
+libggml-htp-v73.so = 1
+libggml-htp-v75.so = 1
+libggml-htp-v81.so = 1
+
+[ControlFlags]
+ExcludeFromSelect = *
+
+[DefaultInstall.NTarm64]
+CopyFiles=Drivers_Dir
+
+[Drivers_Dir]
+libggml-htp-v68.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
+libggml-htp-v69.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
+libggml-htp-v73.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
+libggml-htp-v75.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
+libggml-htp-v81.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
+
+[Strings]
+GGML   = 'GGML'
+DiskId = 'GGML HTP library'
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/op-desc.h b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/op-desc.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a1e8ddd8b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/op-desc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#ifndef OP_DESC_H
+#define OP_DESC_H
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_CPP
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+struct op_desc {
+    char strides[64 * GGML_MAX_SRC];
+    char dims[64 * GGML_MAX_SRC];
+    char types[16 * GGML_MAX_SRC];
+    char buffs[64 * GGML_MAX_SRC];
+    char names[64 * GGML_MAX_SRC];
+
+    int format_tensor_dims(char * str, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        if (t->ne[2] == 1 && t->ne[3] == 1) {
+            return sprintf(str, "%d:%d", (int) t->ne[0], (int) t->ne[1]);
+        } else {
+            return sprintf(str, "%d:%d:%d:%d", (int) t->ne[0], (int) t->ne[1], (int) t->ne[2], (int) t->ne[3]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void format_op_dims(char * str, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        char * p = str;
+
+        // append src0 and src1 (if any)
+        if (t->src[0]) {
+            p += format_tensor_dims(p, t->src[0]);
+
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_SRC && t->src[i]; i++) {
+                p += sprintf(p, " x ");
+                p += format_tensor_dims(p, t->src[i]);
+            }
+
+            p += sprintf(p, " -> ");
+        }
+
+        // format self dims separately for better visual alignment
+        char self[64];
+        format_tensor_dims(self, t);
+
+        p += sprintf(p, "%s", self);
+    }
+
+    int format_tensor_strides(char * str, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        const char * c = ggml_is_contiguous(t) ? "" : "!";
+
+        if (t->ne[2] == 1 && t->ne[3] == 1) {
+            return sprintf(str, "%zu:%zu%s", (size_t) t->nb[0], (size_t) t->nb[1], c);
+        } else {
+            return sprintf(str, "%zu:%zu:%zu:%zu%s", (size_t) t->nb[0], (size_t) t->nb[1], (size_t) t->nb[2], (size_t) t->nb[3], c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void format_op_strides(char * str, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        char * p = str;
+
+        // append src0 and src1 (if any)
+        if (t->src[0]) {
+            p += format_tensor_strides(p, t->src[0]);
+
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_SRC && t->src[i]; i++) {
+                p += sprintf(p, " x ");
+                p += format_tensor_strides(p, t->src[i]);
+            }
+
+            p += sprintf(p, " -> ");
+        }
+
+        // format self dims separately for better visual alignment
+        char self[64];
+        format_tensor_strides(self, t);
+
+        p += sprintf(p, "%s", self);
+    }
+
+    void format_op_types(char * str, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        char * p = str;
+
+        // append src0 and src1 (if any)
+        if (t->src[0]) {
+            p += sprintf(p, "%s", ggml_type_name(t->src[0]->type));
+
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_SRC && t->src[i]; i++) {
+                p += sprintf(p, " x ");
+                p += sprintf(p, "%s", ggml_type_name(t->src[i]->type));
+            }
+
+            p += sprintf(p, " -> ");
+        }
+
+        p += sprintf(p, "%s", ggml_type_name(t->type));
+    }
+
+    const char * tensor_buff_name(const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        if (t->buffer) {
+            return ggml_backend_buffer_name(t->buffer);
+        }
+        return "NONE";
+    }
+
+    void format_op_buffs(char * str, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        char * p = str;
+
+        // append src0 and src1 (if any)
+        if (t->src[0]) {
+            p += sprintf(p, "%s", tensor_buff_name(t->src[0]));
+
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_SRC && t->src[i]; i++) {
+                p += sprintf(p, " x ");
+                p += sprintf(p, "%s", tensor_buff_name(t->src[i]));
+            }
+
+            p += sprintf(p, " -> ");
+        }
+
+        p += sprintf(p, "%s", tensor_buff_name(t));
+    }
+
+    void format_op_names(char * str, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+        char * p = str;
+
+        // append src0 and src1 (if any)
+        if (t->src[0]) {
+            p += sprintf(p, "%s", t->src[0]->name);
+
+            for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_SRC && t->src[i]; i++) {
+                p += sprintf(p, " x ");
+                p += sprintf(p, "%s", t->src[i]->name);
+            }
+
+            p += sprintf(p, " -> ");
+        }
+
+        p += sprintf(p, "%s", t->name);
+    }
+
+    void format(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        format_op_dims(dims, op);
+        format_op_strides(strides, op);
+        format_op_types(types, op);
+        format_op_buffs(buffs, op);
+        format_op_names(names, op);
+    }
+
+    op_desc() {}
+    op_desc(const ggml_tensor * op) { format(op); }
+};
+
+#endif // OP_DESC_H
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt
index e29df98560e..b44ed0f7215 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ endif()
 list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH  ${ROCM_PATH})
 list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "${ROCM_PATH}/lib64/cmake")
 
+if (NOT DEFINED CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS_DEBUG)
+    set(CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS_DEBUG "-g -O2")
+endif()
+
 # CMake on Windows doesn't support the HIP language yet
 if (WIN32)
     set(CXX_IS_HIPCC TRUE)
@@ -28,9 +32,12 @@ if (CXX_IS_HIPCC)
                 " Prefer setting the HIP compiler directly. See README for details.")
     endif()
 else()
-    # Forward AMDGPU_TARGETS to CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES.
-    if (AMDGPU_TARGETS AND NOT CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES)
-        set(CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES ${AMDGPU_TARGETS})
+    # Forward (AMD)GPU_TARGETS to CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES.
+    if(AMDGPU_TARGETS AND NOT GPU_TARGETS)
+        set(GPU_TARGETS ${AMDGPU_TARGETS})
+    endif()
+    if(GPU_TARGETS AND NOT CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES)
+        set(CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES ${GPU_TARGETS})
     endif()
     cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.21)
     enable_language(HIP)
@@ -39,15 +46,9 @@ endif()
 find_package(hip     REQUIRED)
 find_package(hipblas REQUIRED)
 find_package(rocblas REQUIRED)
-if (GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
-    CHECK_INCLUDE_FILE_CXX("rocwmma/rocwmma.hpp" FOUND_ROCWMMA)
-    if (NOT ${FOUND_ROCWMMA})
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "rocwmma has not been found")
-    endif()
-endif()
 
-if (${hip_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 5.5)
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "At least ROCM/HIP V5.5 is required")
+if (${hip_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 6.1)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "At least ROCM/HIP V6.1 is required")
 endif()
 
 message(STATUS "HIP and hipBLAS found")
@@ -59,10 +60,14 @@ file(GLOB   GGML_HEADERS_ROCM "../ggml-cuda/*.cuh")
 list(APPEND GGML_HEADERS_ROCM "../../include/ggml-cuda.h")
 
 file(GLOB   GGML_SOURCES_ROCM "../ggml-cuda/*.cu")
+file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile*.cu")
+list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_ROCM ${SRCS})
 file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma*.cu")
 list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_ROCM ${SRCS})
 file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmq*.cu")
 list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_ROCM ${SRCS})
+file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmf*.cu")
+list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_ROCM ${SRCS})
 
 if (GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS)
     file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec*.cu")
@@ -113,8 +118,12 @@ if (GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN)
 endif()
 
-if (GGML_HIP_FORCE_ROCWMMA_FATTN_GFX12 OR ${hip_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 7.0)
-    add_compile_definitions(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN_GFX12)
+if (NOT GGML_HIP_MMQ_MFMA)
+    add_compile_definitions(GGML_HIP_NO_MMQ_MFMA)
+endif()
+
+if (GGML_HIP_EXPORT_METRICS)
+    set(CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS "${CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS} -Rpass-analysis=kernel-resource-usage --save-temps")
 endif()
 
 if (NOT GGML_CUDA_FA)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-impl.h b/ggml/src/ggml-impl.h
index 6dc5ce0d92f..92568655956 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-impl.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-impl.h
@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@
 #include <arm_neon.h>
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__F16C__)
-#include <immintrin.h>
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -73,6 +69,42 @@ static inline int ggml_up(int n, int m) {
     return (n + m - 1) & ~(m - 1);
 }
 
+// TODO: move to ggml.h? (won't be able to inline)
+static bool ggml_are_same_layout(const struct ggml_tensor * a, const struct ggml_tensor * b) {
+    if (a->type != b->type) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        if (a->ne[i] != b->ne[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (a->nb[i] != b->nb[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_op_is_empty(enum ggml_op op) {
+    switch (op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline bool ggml_impl_is_view(const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    return t->view_src != NULL;
+}
+
+static inline float ggml_compute_softplus_f32(float input) {
+    return (input > 20.0f) ? input : logf(1 + expf(input));
+}
 //
 // logging
 //
@@ -301,6 +333,7 @@ struct ggml_cgraph {
     struct ggml_tensor ** grads;     // the outputs of these tensors are the gradients of the nodes
     struct ggml_tensor ** grad_accs; // accumulators for node gradients
     struct ggml_tensor ** leafs;     // tensors with constant data
+    int32_t             * use_counts;// number of uses of each tensor, indexed by hash table slot
 
     struct ggml_hash_set visited_hash_set;
 
@@ -312,209 +345,207 @@ struct ggml_cgraph {
 // if you need the gradients, get them from the original graph
 struct ggml_cgraph ggml_graph_view(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int i0, int i1);
 
+// ggml-alloc.c: true if the operation can reuse memory from its sources
+GGML_API bool ggml_op_can_inplace(enum ggml_op op);
+
+
 // Memory allocation
 
 GGML_API void * ggml_aligned_malloc(size_t size);
 GGML_API void ggml_aligned_free(void * ptr, size_t size);
 
-// FP16 to FP32 conversion
+// FP16 <-> FP32
+// ref: https://github.com/Maratyszcza/FP16
 
-// 16-bit float
-// on Arm, we use __fp16
-// on x86, we use uint16_t
-//
-// for old CUDA compilers (<= 11), we use uint16_t: ref https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/10616
-// for     MUSA compilers        , we use uint16_t: ref https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/11843
-//
-#if defined(__ARM_NEON) && !(defined(__CUDACC__) && __CUDACC_VER_MAJOR__ <= 11) && !defined(__MUSACC__)
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
-
-    #define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
-
-    static inline float ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
-        __fp16 tmp;
-        memcpy(&tmp, &h, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-        return (float)tmp;
-    }
+static inline float fp32_from_bits(uint32_t w) {
+    union {
+        uint32_t as_bits;
+        float as_value;
+    } fp32;
+    fp32.as_bits = w;
+    return fp32.as_value;
+}
 
-    static inline ggml_fp16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
-        ggml_fp16_t res;
-        __fp16 tmp = f;
-        memcpy(&res, &tmp, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
-        return res;
-    }
+static inline uint32_t fp32_to_bits(float f) {
+    union {
+        float as_value;
+        uint32_t as_bits;
+    } fp32;
+    fp32.as_value = f;
+    return fp32.as_bits;
+}
 
-#elif defined(__F16C__)
+static inline float ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
+    const uint32_t w = (uint32_t) h << 16;
+    const uint32_t sign = w & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
+    const uint32_t two_w = w + w;
 
-    #ifdef _MSC_VER
-        #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_cvtph_ps(_mm_cvtsi32_si128(x)))
-        #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) _mm_extract_epi16(_mm_cvtps_ph(_mm_set_ss(x), 0), 0)
-    #else
-        #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) _cvtsh_ss(x)
-        #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) _cvtss_sh(x, 0)
-    #endif
+    const uint32_t exp_offset = UINT32_C(0xE0) << 23;
+#if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)) && (!defined(__cplusplus) || __cplusplus >= 201703L)
+    const float exp_scale = 0x1.0p-112f;
+#else
+    const float exp_scale = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x7800000));
+#endif
+    const float normalized_value = fp32_from_bits((two_w >> 4) + exp_offset) * exp_scale;
 
-#elif defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__)
+    const uint32_t magic_mask = UINT32_C(126) << 23;
+    const float magic_bias = 0.5f;
+    const float denormalized_value = fp32_from_bits((two_w >> 17) | magic_mask) - magic_bias;
 
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
-    /* the inline asm below is about 12% faster than the lookup method */
-    #define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
-    #define GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
+    const uint32_t denormalized_cutoff = UINT32_C(1) << 27;
+    const uint32_t result = sign |
+        (two_w < denormalized_cutoff ? fp32_to_bits(denormalized_value) : fp32_to_bits(normalized_value));
+    return fp32_from_bits(result);
+}
 
-    static inline float ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
-        float f;
-        double d;
-        __asm__(
-            "mtfprd %0,%2\n"
-            "xscvhpdp %0,%0\n"
-            "frsp %1,%0\n" :
-            /* temp */ "=d"(d),
-            /* out */  "=f"(f):
-            /* in */   "r"(h));
-        return f;
+static inline ggml_fp16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
+#if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)) && (!defined(__cplusplus) || __cplusplus >= 201703L)
+    const float scale_to_inf = 0x1.0p+112f;
+    const float scale_to_zero = 0x1.0p-110f;
+#else
+    const float scale_to_inf = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x77800000));
+    const float scale_to_zero = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x08800000));
+#endif
+    float base = (fabsf(f) * scale_to_inf) * scale_to_zero;
+
+    const uint32_t w = fp32_to_bits(f);
+    const uint32_t shl1_w = w + w;
+    const uint32_t sign = w & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
+    uint32_t bias = shl1_w & UINT32_C(0xFF000000);
+    if (bias < UINT32_C(0x71000000)) {
+        bias = UINT32_C(0x71000000);
     }
 
-    static inline ggml_fp16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
-        double d;
-        ggml_fp16_t r;
-        __asm__( /* xscvdphp can work on double or single precision */
-            "xscvdphp %0,%2\n"
-            "mffprd %1,%0\n" :
-            /* temp */ "=d"(d),
-            /* out */  "=r"(r):
-            /* in */   "f"(f));
-        return r;
-    }
+    base = fp32_from_bits((bias >> 1) + UINT32_C(0x07800000)) + base;
+    const uint32_t bits = fp32_to_bits(base);
+    const uint32_t exp_bits = (bits >> 13) & UINT32_C(0x00007C00);
+    const uint32_t mantissa_bits = bits & UINT32_C(0x00000FFF);
+    const uint32_t nonsign = exp_bits + mantissa_bits;
+    return (sign >> 16) | (shl1_w > UINT32_C(0xFF000000) ? UINT16_C(0x7E00) : nonsign);
+}
 
-#elif defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_zfhmin)
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
 
-    static inline float ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
-        float f;
-        __asm__(
-            "fmv.h.x %[f], %[h]\n\t"
-            "fcvt.s.h %[f], %[f]"
-            : [f] "=&f" (f)
-            : [h] "r" (h)
-        );
-        return f;
-    }
+#define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
+#define GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
 
-    static inline ggml_fp16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
-        ggml_fp16_t res;
-        __asm__(
-            "fcvt.h.s %[f], %[f]\n\t"
-            "fmv.x.h %[h], %[f]"
-            : [h] "=&r" (res)
-            : [f] "f" (f)
-        );
-        return res;
+static inline float ggml_e8m0_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
+    uint32_t bits;  // Stores the raw bit representation of the float
+
+    // Handle special case for minimum exponent (denormalized float)
+    if (x == 0) {
+        // Bit pattern for 2^(-127):
+        // - Sign bit: 0 (positive)
+        // - Exponent: 0 (denormalized number)
+        // - Mantissa: 0x400000 (0.5 in fractional form)
+        // Value = 0.5 * 2^(-126) = 2^(-127)
+        bits = 0x00400000;
+    }
+    // note: disabled as we don't need to handle NaNs
+    //// Handle special case for NaN (all bits set)
+    //else if (x == 0xFF) {
+    //    // Standard quiet NaN pattern:
+    //    // - Sign bit: 0
+    //    // - Exponent: all 1s (0xFF)
+    //    // - Mantissa: 0x400000 (quiet NaN flag)
+    //    bits = 0x7FC00000;
+    //}
+    // Normalized values (most common case)
+    else {
+        // Construct normalized float by shifting exponent into position:
+        // - Exponent field: 8 bits (positions 30-23)
+        // - Mantissa: 0 (implicit leading 1)
+        // Value = 2^(x - 127)
+        bits = (uint32_t) x << 23;
     }
 
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
-    #define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
-    #define GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
-
-#else
+    float result;  // Final float value
+                   // Safely reinterpret bit pattern as float without type-punning issues
+    memcpy(&result, &bits, sizeof(float));
+    return result;
+}
 
-    // FP16 <-> FP32
-    // ref: https://github.com/Maratyszcza/FP16
+// Equal to ggml_e8m0_to_fp32/2
+// Useful with MXFP4 quantization since the E0M2 values are doubled
+static inline float ggml_e8m0_to_fp32_half(uint8_t x) {
+    uint32_t bits;
 
-    static inline float fp32_from_bits(uint32_t w) {
-        union {
-            uint32_t as_bits;
-            float as_value;
-        } fp32;
-        fp32.as_bits = w;
-        return fp32.as_value;
+    // For x < 2: use precomputed denormal patterns
+    if (x < 2) {
+        // 0x00200000 = 2^(-128), 0x00400000 = 2^(-127)
+        bits = 0x00200000 << x;
     }
-
-    static inline uint32_t fp32_to_bits(float f) {
-        union {
-            float as_value;
-            uint32_t as_bits;
-        } fp32;
-        fp32.as_value = f;
-        return fp32.as_bits;
+    // For x >= 2: normalized exponent adjustment
+    else {
+        // 0.5 * 2^(x-127) = 2^(x-128) = normalized with exponent (x-1)
+        bits = (uint32_t)(x - 1) << 23;
     }
+    // Note: NaNs are not handled here
 
-    static inline float ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
-        const uint32_t w = (uint32_t) h << 16;
-        const uint32_t sign = w & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
-        const uint32_t two_w = w + w;
-
-        const uint32_t exp_offset = UINT32_C(0xE0) << 23;
-    #if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)) && (!defined(__cplusplus) || __cplusplus >= 201703L)
-        const float exp_scale = 0x1.0p-112f;
-    #else
-        const float exp_scale = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x7800000));
-    #endif
-        const float normalized_value = fp32_from_bits((two_w >> 4) + exp_offset) * exp_scale;
+    float result;
+    memcpy(&result, &bits, sizeof(float));
+    return result;
+}
 
-        const uint32_t magic_mask = UINT32_C(126) << 23;
-        const float magic_bias = 0.5f;
-        const float denormalized_value = fp32_from_bits((two_w >> 17) | magic_mask) - magic_bias;
+#define GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32(x) ggml_e8m0_to_fp32(x)
+#define GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x) ggml_e8m0_to_fp32_half(x)
 
-        const uint32_t denormalized_cutoff = UINT32_C(1) << 27;
-        const uint32_t result = sign |
-            (two_w < denormalized_cutoff ? fp32_to_bits(denormalized_value) : fp32_to_bits(normalized_value));
-        return fp32_from_bits(result);
+// UE4M3: unsigned, 4 exp bits (bias=7), 3 mantissa bits
+// Returns value * 0.5 to match kvalues_mxfp4 convention (kvalues = 2 * E2M1_float)
+static inline float ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
+    if (x == 0 || x == 0x7F) {
+        return 0.0f;
     }
+    int   exp = (x >> 3) & 0xF;
+    int   man = x & 0x7;
+    float raw;
+    if (exp == 0) {
+        raw = ldexpf((float) man, -9);
+    } else {
+        raw = ldexpf(1.0f + (float) man / 8.0f, exp - 7);
+    }
+    return raw * 0.5f;
+}
 
-    static inline ggml_fp16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
-    #if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)) && (!defined(__cplusplus) || __cplusplus >= 201703L)
-        const float scale_to_inf = 0x1.0p+112f;
-        const float scale_to_zero = 0x1.0p-110f;
-    #else
-        const float scale_to_inf = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x77800000));
-        const float scale_to_zero = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x08800000));
-    #endif
-        float base = (fabsf(f) * scale_to_inf) * scale_to_zero;
-
-        const uint32_t w = fp32_to_bits(f);
-        const uint32_t shl1_w = w + w;
-        const uint32_t sign = w & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
-        uint32_t bias = shl1_w & UINT32_C(0xFF000000);
-        if (bias < UINT32_C(0x71000000)) {
-            bias = UINT32_C(0x71000000);
+static inline uint8_t ggml_fp32_to_ue4m3(float x) {
+    if (!(x > 0.0f)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (x > 448.0f) {
+        x = 448.0f;
+    }
+    uint32_t bits;
+    memcpy(&bits, &x, 4);
+    int fp32_exp  = ((bits >> 23) & 0xFF) - 127;
+    int fp32_man  = (bits >> 20) & 0x7;
+    int ue4m3_exp = fp32_exp + 7;
+    if (ue4m3_exp <= 0) {
+        // subnormal: value = man * 2^-9, man = round(x * 2^9)
+        int man = (int) (x * 512.0f + 0.5f);
+        if (man > 7) {
+            man = 7;
         }
-
-        base = fp32_from_bits((bias >> 1) + UINT32_C(0x07800000)) + base;
-        const uint32_t bits = fp32_to_bits(base);
-        const uint32_t exp_bits = (bits >> 13) & UINT32_C(0x00007C00);
-        const uint32_t mantissa_bits = bits & UINT32_C(0x00000FFF);
-        const uint32_t nonsign = exp_bits + mantissa_bits;
-        return (sign >> 16) | (shl1_w > UINT32_C(0xFF000000) ? UINT16_C(0x7E00) : nonsign);
+        if (man < 1) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return (uint8_t) man;
     }
-
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
-    #define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
-
-#endif // defined(__ARM_NEON) && !(defined(__CUDACC__) && __CUDACC_VER_MAJOR__ <= 11) && !defined(__MUSACC__)
-
-// precomputed f32 table for f16 (256 KB)
-// defined in ggml.c, initialized in ggml_init()
-GGML_API float ggml_table_f32_f16[1 << 16];
-
-// On ARM NEON, it's quicker to directly convert x -> x instead of calling into ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32,
-// so we define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32 and GGML_FP32_TO_FP16 elsewhere for NEON.
-// This is also true for POWER9.
-#if !defined(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32)
-inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
-    uint16_t s;
-    memcpy(&s, &f, sizeof(uint16_t));
-    return ggml_table_f32_f16[s];
+    if (ue4m3_exp >= 15) {
+        return 0x7E;
+    }
+    int round_bit = (bits >> 19) & 1;
+    int ue4m3_man = fp32_man + round_bit;
+    if (ue4m3_man > 7) {
+        ue4m3_man = 0;
+        ue4m3_exp++;
+        if (ue4m3_exp >= 15) {
+            return 0x7E;
+        }
+    }
+    return (uint8_t) ((ue4m3_exp << 3) | ue4m3_man);
 }
 
-#define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(x)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(GGML_FP32_TO_FP16)
-#define GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
-#endif
-
 /**
  * Converts brain16 to float32.
  *
@@ -589,13 +620,157 @@ static inline ggml_bf16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_bf16(float s) {
 #define GGML_FP32_TO_BF16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_bf16(x)
 #define GGML_BF16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_bf16_to_fp32(x)
 
+static inline int32_t ggml_node_get_use_count(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+
+    size_t hash_pos = ggml_hash_find(&cgraph->visited_hash_set, node);
+    if (!ggml_bitset_get(cgraph->visited_hash_set.used, hash_pos)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return cgraph->use_counts[hash_pos];
+}
+
+// return true if the node's results are only used by N other nodes
+// and can be fused into their calculations.
+static inline bool ggml_node_has_n_uses(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, int32_t n_uses) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+
+    // check the use count against how many we're replacing
+    if (ggml_node_get_use_count(cgraph, node_idx) != n_uses) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // if node is a view, some other node might be using the intermediate result
+    // via the view source.
+    if (node->view_src) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // If the user requested output for the node, can't fuse
+    if (node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Returns true if nodes with indices { node_idxs } are the sequence of ggml_ops in ops[]
+// and are fusable. Nodes are considered fusable according to this function if:
+// - all nodes except the last have only one use and are not views/outputs (see ggml_node_has_N_uses).
+// - all nodes except the last are a src of the following node.
+// - all nodes are the same shape.
+// TODO: Consider allowing GGML_OP_NONE nodes in between
+static inline bool ggml_can_fuse_ext(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, const int * node_idxs, const enum ggml_op * ops, int num_ops) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_ops; ++i) {
+        if (node_idxs[i] >= cgraph->n_nodes) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idxs[i]];
+        if (node->op != ops[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (i < num_ops - 1 && !ggml_node_has_n_uses(cgraph, node_idxs[i], 1)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (i > 0) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * prev = cgraph->nodes[node_idxs[i - 1]];
+            if (node->src[0] != prev && node->src[1] != prev) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!ggml_are_same_shape(node, prev)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// same as above, for sequential indices starting at node_idx
+static inline bool ggml_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, const enum ggml_op * ops, int num_ops) {
+    assert(num_ops < 32);
+
+    if (node_idx + num_ops > cgraph->n_nodes) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int idxs[32];
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_ops; ++i) {
+        idxs[i] = node_idx + i;
+    }
+
+    return ggml_can_fuse_ext(cgraph, idxs, ops, num_ops);
+}
+
+GGML_API bool ggml_can_fuse_subgraph_ext(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                         const int *                node_idxs,
+                                         int                        count,
+                                         const enum ggml_op *       ops,
+                                         const int *                outputs,
+                                         int                        num_outputs);
+
+// Returns true if the subgraph formed by {node_idxs} can be fused
+// checks whethers all nodes which are not part of outputs can be elided
+// by checking if their num_uses are confined to the subgraph
+static inline bool ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                          int                        node_idx,
+                                          int                        count,
+                                          const enum ggml_op *       ops,
+                                          const int *                outputs,
+                                          int                        num_outputs) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(count < 32);
+    if (node_idx + count > cgraph->n_nodes) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int idxs[32];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        idxs[i] = node_idx + i;
+    }
+
+    return ggml_can_fuse_subgraph_ext(cgraph, idxs, count, ops, outputs, num_outputs);
+}
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <array>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <vector>
 
+// nicer C++ syntax for ggml_can_fuse
+inline bool ggml_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> ops) {
+    return ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, ops.begin(), (int)ops.size());
+}
+
+inline bool ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(const struct ggml_cgraph *          cgraph,
+                                   int                                 start_idx,
+                                   std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> ops,
+                                   std::initializer_list<int>          outputs = {}) {
+    return ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, start_idx, ops.size(), ops.begin(), outputs.begin(), outputs.size());
+}
+
+// Return true if the edges in the graph match expectations.
+inline bool ggml_check_edges(const struct ggml_cgraph *                cgraph,
+                             int                                       start_idx,
+                             std::initializer_list<std::array<int, 3>> edges) {
+    for (const auto & edge : edges) {
+        int dst_node = edge[0];
+        int src_idx  = edge[1];
+        int src_node = edge[2];
+        if (cgraph->nodes[start_idx + dst_node]->src[src_idx] != cgraph->nodes[start_idx + src_node]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 // expose GGUF internals for test code
 GGML_API size_t gguf_type_size(enum gguf_type type);
 GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_params params);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c9109d5e8ee..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-
-find_package(Vulkan COMPONENTS glslc REQUIRED)
-find_program(glslc_executable NAMES glslc HINTS Vulkan::glslc)
-
-if (NOT glslc_executable)
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "glslc not found")
-endif()
-
-ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-kompute
-                         ggml-kompute.cpp
-                         ../../include/ggml-kompute.h
-                        )
-
-target_link_libraries(ggml-kompute PRIVATE ggml-base kompute)
-target_include_directories(ggml-kompute PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-
-add_compile_definitions(VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC=1)
-
-function(compile_shader)
-    set(options)
-    set(oneValueArgs)
-    set(multiValueArgs SOURCES)
-    cmake_parse_arguments(compile_shader "${options}" "${oneValueArgs}" "${multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
-    foreach(source ${compile_shader_SOURCES})
-        get_filename_component(filename ${source} NAME)
-        set(spv_file ${filename}.spv)
-        add_custom_command(
-            OUTPUT ${spv_file}
-            DEPENDS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${source}
-            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/common.comp
-            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/op_getrows.comp
-            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp
-            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n.comp
-            COMMAND ${glslc_executable} --target-env=vulkan1.2 -o ${spv_file} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${source}
-            COMMENT "Compiling ${source} to ${spv_file}"
-            )
-
-        get_filename_component(RAW_FILE_NAME ${spv_file} NAME)
-        set(FILE_NAME "shader${RAW_FILE_NAME}")
-        string(REPLACE ".comp.spv" ".h" HEADER_FILE ${FILE_NAME})
-        string(TOUPPER ${HEADER_FILE} HEADER_FILE_DEFINE)
-        string(REPLACE "." "_" HEADER_FILE_DEFINE "${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}")
-        set(OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE "${HEADER_FILE}")
-        message(STATUS "${HEADER_FILE} generating ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}")
-        if(CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "Visual Studio")
-            add_custom_command(
-                OUTPUT ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "/*THIS FILE HAS BEEN AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED - DO NOT EDIT*/" > ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#ifndef ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace kp {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace shader_data {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/$<CONFIG>/xxd -i ${RAW_FILE_NAME} >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "}}" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#endif // define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                DEPENDS ${spv_file} xxd
-                COMMENT "Converting to hpp: ${FILE_NAME} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/$<CONFIG>/xxd"
-                )
-        else()
-            add_custom_command(
-                OUTPUT ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "/*THIS FILE HAS BEEN AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED - DO NOT EDIT*/" > ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#ifndef ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace kp {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace shader_data {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/xxd -i ${RAW_FILE_NAME} >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "}}" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#endif // define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-                DEPENDS ${spv_file} xxd
-                COMMENT "Converting to hpp: ${FILE_NAME} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/xxd"
-                )
-        endif()
-    endforeach()
-endfunction()
-
-if (EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute/CMakeLists.txt")
-    message(STATUS "Kompute found")
-    set(KOMPUTE_OPT_LOG_LEVEL Error CACHE STRING "Kompute log level")
-    add_subdirectory(kompute)
-
-    # Compile our shaders
-    compile_shader(SOURCES
-        kompute-shaders/op_scale.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_scale_8.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_add.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_addrow.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_silu.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_relu.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_gelu.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_softmax.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_norm.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_rmsnorm.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_diagmask.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_mat_f32.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_f16.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q8_0.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_0.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_1.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_k.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q6_k.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f32.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f16.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_0.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_1.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q6_k.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f16.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f32.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f16.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f32.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f16.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f32.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f16.comp
-        kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f32.comp
-    )
-
-    # Create a custom target for our generated shaders
-    add_custom_target(generated_shaders DEPENDS
-        shaderop_scale.h
-        shaderop_scale_8.h
-        shaderop_add.h
-        shaderop_addrow.h
-        shaderop_mul.h
-        shaderop_silu.h
-        shaderop_relu.h
-        shaderop_gelu.h
-        shaderop_softmax.h
-        shaderop_norm.h
-        shaderop_rmsnorm.h
-        shaderop_diagmask.h
-        shaderop_mul_mat_mat_f32.h
-        shaderop_mul_mat_f16.h
-        shaderop_mul_mat_q8_0.h
-        shaderop_mul_mat_q4_0.h
-        shaderop_mul_mat_q4_1.h
-        shaderop_mul_mat_q4_k.h
-        shaderop_mul_mat_q6_k.h
-        shaderop_getrows_f32.h
-        shaderop_getrows_f16.h
-        shaderop_getrows_q4_0.h
-        shaderop_getrows_q4_1.h
-        shaderop_getrows_q6_k.h
-        shaderop_rope_norm_f16.h
-        shaderop_rope_norm_f32.h
-        shaderop_rope_neox_f16.h
-        shaderop_rope_neox_f32.h
-        shaderop_cpy_f16_f16.h
-        shaderop_cpy_f16_f32.h
-        shaderop_cpy_f32_f16.h
-        shaderop_cpy_f32_f32.h
-    )
-
-    # Create a custom command that depends on the generated_shaders
-    add_custom_command(
-        OUTPUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-kompute.stamp
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-kompute.stamp
-        DEPENDS generated_shaders
-        COMMENT "Ensuring shaders are generated before compiling ggml-kompute.cpp"
-    )
-
-    # Add the stamp to the main sources to ensure dependency tracking
-    target_sources(ggml-kompute PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-kompute.stamp)
-else()
-    message(WARNING "Kompute not found")
-endif()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/ggml-kompute.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/ggml-kompute.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 50579227183..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/ggml-kompute.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2251 +0,0 @@
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-backend.h"
-#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-kompute.h"
-
-// These are generated at build time by cmake custom command
-#include "shaderop_scale.h"
-#include "shaderop_scale_8.h"
-#include "shaderop_add.h"
-#include "shaderop_addrow.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul.h"
-#include "shaderop_silu.h"
-#include "shaderop_relu.h"
-#include "shaderop_gelu.h"
-#include "shaderop_softmax.h"
-#include "shaderop_norm.h"
-#include "shaderop_rmsnorm.h"
-#include "shaderop_diagmask.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul_mat_f16.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul_mat_q8_0.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul_mat_q4_0.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul_mat_q4_1.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul_mat_q4_k.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul_mat_q6_k.h"
-#include "shaderop_mul_mat_mat_f32.h"
-#include "shaderop_getrows_f32.h"
-#include "shaderop_getrows_f16.h"
-#include "shaderop_getrows_q4_0.h"
-#include "shaderop_getrows_q4_1.h"
-#include "shaderop_getrows_q6_k.h"
-#include "shaderop_rope_norm_f16.h"
-#include "shaderop_rope_norm_f32.h"
-#include "shaderop_rope_neox_f16.h"
-#include "shaderop_rope_neox_f32.h"
-#include "shaderop_cpy_f16_f16.h"
-#include "shaderop_cpy_f16_f32.h"
-#include "shaderop_cpy_f32_f16.h"
-#include "shaderop_cpy_f32_f32.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <array>
-#include <cassert>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <kompute/Kompute.hpp>
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
-
-#ifdef __linux__
-#include <cstdlib> // for setenv
-#endif
-
-#define QK4_0 32
-#define QR4_0 2
-#define QK4_1 32
-#define QK_NL 16
-
-typedef ggml_fp16_t half;
-
-static std::string ggml_kompute_format_name(int device) {
-    return "Kompute" + std::to_string(device);
-}
-
-struct ggml_kompute_context {
-    int device;
-    std::string name;
-    std::shared_ptr<vk::DescriptorPool> pool;
-
-    ggml_kompute_context(int device)
-        : device(device), name(ggml_kompute_format_name(device)) {}
-};
-
-// FIXME: It would be good to consolidate the kompute manager and the kompute context into one object
-// and consolidate the init functions and simplify object lifetime management. As it currently stands,
-// we *have* to have the kompute manager no matter what for device discovery, but the kompute context
-// is only created when a device is set and vulkan is explicitly turned on.
-static ggml_kompute_context *s_kompute_context = nullptr;
-
-class kompute_manager {
-    kp::Manager *s_mgr = nullptr;
-
-public:
-    kp::Manager *operator()() {
-        if (s_mgr && !s_mgr->hasInstance()) {
-            destroy();
-        }
-        if (!s_mgr) {
-            s_mgr = new kp::Manager;
-        }
-        return s_mgr;
-    }
-
-    void destroy() {
-        delete s_mgr;
-        s_mgr = nullptr;
-    }
-};
-
-static kompute_manager komputeManager;
-
-struct ggml_vk_memory {
-    void *data = nullptr;
-    size_t size = 0;
-    vk::DeviceMemory *primaryMemory = nullptr;
-    vk::Buffer *primaryBuffer = nullptr;
-    vk::DeviceMemory *stagingMemory = nullptr;
-    vk::Buffer *stagingBuffer = nullptr;
-};
-
-#ifdef __linux__
-__attribute__((constructor))
-static void enable_sam() {
-    setenv("RADV_PERFTEST", "sam", false);
-}
-#endif
-
-static bool ggml_vk_checkPhysicalDeviceFeatures(vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device) {
-    vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures availableFeatures;
-    physical_device.getFeatures(&availableFeatures);
-
-    if (!availableFeatures.shaderInt16)
-        return false;
-
-    vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features availableFeatures11;
-    vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features availableFeatures12;
-
-    availableFeatures11.pNext = &availableFeatures12;
-    availableFeatures12.pNext = nullptr;
-
-    vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures2 features2;
-    features2.pNext = &availableFeatures11;
-
-    physical_device.getFeatures2(&features2);
-
-    if (!availableFeatures11.uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess ||
-        !availableFeatures11.storageBuffer16BitAccess) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!availableFeatures12.storageBuffer8BitAccess ||
-        !availableFeatures12.uniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess ||
-        !availableFeatures12.shaderFloat16 ||
-        !availableFeatures12.shaderInt8) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-static const char * ggml_vk_getVendorName(uint32_t vendorID) {
-    switch (vendorID) {
-        case 0x10DE:
-            return "nvidia";
-        case 0x1002:
-            return "amd";
-        case 0x8086:
-            return "intel";
-        default:
-            return "unknown";
-    }
-}
-
-static std::vector<ggml_vk_device> ggml_vk_available_devices_internal(size_t memoryRequired) {
-    std::vector<ggml_vk_device> results;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasVulkan() || !komputeManager()->hasInstance())
-        return results;
-
-    std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice> physical_devices;
-    try {
-        physical_devices = komputeManager()->listDevices();
-    } catch (vk::SystemError & err) {
-        std::cerr << __func__ << ": ignoring Vulkan exception: " << err.what() << "\n";
-        return results;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t deviceCount = physical_devices.size();
-    if (deviceCount == 0)
-        return results;
-
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> count_by_name;
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++) {
-        const auto & physical_device = physical_devices[i];
-
-        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties dev_props = physical_device.getProperties();
-        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties = physical_device.getMemoryProperties();
-        const uint32_t major = VK_VERSION_MAJOR(dev_props.apiVersion);
-        const uint32_t minor = VK_VERSION_MINOR(dev_props.apiVersion);
-        if (major < 1 || minor < 2)
-            continue;
-
-        if (!ggml_vk_checkPhysicalDeviceFeatures(physical_device))
-            continue;
-
-        size_t heapSize = 0;
-        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < memoryProperties.memoryHeapCount; ++j) {
-            VkMemoryHeap heap = memoryProperties.memoryHeaps[j];
-            if (heap.flags & VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) {
-                heapSize = heap.size;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (heapSize < memoryRequired)
-            continue;
-
-        auto ext_props = physical_device.enumerateDeviceExtensionProperties();
-        bool has_maintenance4 = false;
-
-        // Check if maintenance4 is supported
-        for (const auto & properties : ext_props) {
-            if (strcmp("VK_KHR_maintenance4", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
-                has_maintenance4 = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        vk::PhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties subgroup_props;
-        vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2 dev_props2;
-        vk::PhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties dev_props3;
-        vk::PhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties dev_props4;
-        dev_props2.pNext = &dev_props3;
-        dev_props3.pNext = &subgroup_props;
-        if (has_maintenance4) {
-            subgroup_props.pNext = &dev_props4;
-        }
-        physical_device.getProperties2(&dev_props2);
-
-        if (subgroup_props.subgroupSize < 32)
-            continue;
-
-        ggml_vk_device d;
-        d.index = i;
-        d.type = dev_props.deviceType;
-        d.heapSize = heapSize;
-        d.vendor = strdup(ggml_vk_getVendorName(dev_props.vendorID));
-        d.subgroupSize = subgroup_props.subgroupSize;
-        d.bufferAlignment = dev_props.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-
-        if (has_maintenance4) {
-            d.maxAlloc = std::min(dev_props3.maxMemoryAllocationSize, dev_props4.maxBufferSize);
-        } else {
-            d.maxAlloc = dev_props3.maxMemoryAllocationSize;
-        }
-
-        std::string name(dev_props.deviceName);
-        size_t n_idx = ++count_by_name[name];
-        if (n_idx > 1) {
-            name += " (" + std::to_string(n_idx) + ")";
-        }
-        d.name = strdup(name.c_str());
-
-        results.push_back(d);
-    }
-
-    std::stable_sort(results.begin(), results.end(),
-        [](const ggml_vk_device& lhs, const ggml_vk_device& rhs) -> bool {
-            if (lhs.type != rhs.type) {
-                if (lhs.type == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU) return true;
-                if (rhs.type == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU) return false;
-
-                if (lhs.type == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU) return true;
-                if (rhs.type == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU) return false;
-            }
-            return lhs.heapSize < rhs.heapSize;
-        }
-    );
-
-    return results;
-}
-
-static std::vector<ggml_vk_device>& ggml_vk_available_devices() {
-    static std::vector<ggml_vk_device> devices = ggml_vk_available_devices_internal(0);
-    return devices;
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_filterByVendor(std::vector<ggml_vk_device>& devices, const std::string& targetVendor) {
-    devices.erase(
-        std::remove_if(devices.begin(), devices.end(),
-            [&targetVendor](const ggml_vk_device& device) {
-                return device.vendor != targetVendor;
-            }),
-        devices.end()
-    );
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_filterByName(std::vector<ggml_vk_device>& devices, const std::string& targetName) {
-    devices.erase(
-        std::remove_if(devices.begin(), devices.end(),
-            [&targetName](const ggml_vk_device& device) {
-                return device.name != targetName;
-            }),
-        devices.end()
-    );
-}
-
-static bool ggml_vk_get_device(ggml_vk_device * device, size_t memoryRequired, const std::string & name) {
-    if (name.empty())
-        return false;
-
-    auto devices = ggml_vk_available_devices_internal(memoryRequired);
-    if (name == "amd" || name == "nvidia" || name == "intel") {
-        ggml_vk_filterByVendor(devices, name);
-    } else if (name != "gpu") {
-        ggml_vk_filterByName(devices, name);
-    }
-
-    if (devices.empty())
-        return false;
-
-    *device = devices.front();
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool ggml_vk_get_device(ggml_vk_device * device, size_t memoryRequired, const char * name) {
-    return ggml_vk_get_device(device, memoryRequired, std::string(name));
-}
-
-bool ggml_vk_has_vulkan() {
-    return komputeManager()->hasVulkan();
-}
-
-bool ggml_vk_has_device() {
-    return komputeManager()->hasDevice();
-}
-
-ggml_vk_device ggml_vk_current_device() {
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasDevice())
-        return ggml_vk_device();
-
-    auto devices = ggml_vk_available_devices();
-    ggml_vk_filterByName(devices, komputeManager()->physicalDevice()->getProperties().deviceName.data());
-    GGML_ASSERT(!devices.empty());
-    return devices.front();
-}
-
-static
-void ggml_vk_allocate_descriptor_pool(struct ggml_kompute_context * ctx, size_t size) {
-    std::vector<vk::DescriptorPoolSize> descriptorPoolSizes = {
-        vk::DescriptorPoolSize(
-          vk::DescriptorType::eStorageBuffer,
-          4 * size // Descriptor count is number of possible tensors to pass into an algorithm
-          )
-    };
-
-    vk::DescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo(
-      vk::DescriptorPoolCreateFlags(),
-      size, // Max sets
-      static_cast<uint32_t>(descriptorPoolSizes.size()),
-      descriptorPoolSizes.data());
-
-    ctx->pool = std::make_shared<vk::DescriptorPool>();
-    vk::Result r = komputeManager()->device()->createDescriptorPool(
-      &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, ctx->pool.get());
-    if (r != vk::Result::eSuccess)
-        std::cerr << "Error allocating descriptor pool" << vk::to_string(r);
-}
-
-static
-void ggml_vk_free_descriptor_pool(struct ggml_kompute_context * ctx) {
-    if (ctx->pool) {
-        komputeManager()->device()->destroy(
-          *ctx->pool,
-          (vk::Optional<const vk::AllocationCallbacks>)nullptr);
-        ctx->pool = nullptr;
-    }
-}
-
-static
-vk::Buffer *ggml_vk_allocate_buffer(size_t size) {
-    vk::BufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo;
-    bufferCreateInfo.size = size;
-    bufferCreateInfo.usage = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eStorageBuffer |
-                             vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc |
-                             vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst;
-    bufferCreateInfo.sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive;
-
-    vk::Buffer *vkBuffer = new vk::Buffer;
-    vk::Result r = komputeManager()->device()->createBuffer(&bufferCreateInfo, nullptr, vkBuffer);
-    if (r != vk::Result::eSuccess)
-        std::cerr << "Error allocating buffer " << vk::to_string(r) << std::endl;
-    return vkBuffer;
-}
-
-static
-vk::DeviceMemory *ggml_vk_allocate(size_t size, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags flags, vk::MemoryRequirements requirements, bool *isHostVisible) {
-
-    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = -1;
-    bool memoryTypeIndexFound = false;
-    vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties = komputeManager()->physicalDevice()->getMemoryProperties();
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memoryProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
-        const vk::MemoryType &memoryType = memoryProperties.memoryTypes[i];
-        const vk::MemoryHeap &memoryHeap = memoryProperties.memoryHeaps[memoryType.heapIndex];
-        if (memoryHeap.size < size) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (requirements.memoryTypeBits & (1 << i)) {
-            if (((memoryProperties.memoryTypes[i]).propertyFlags &
-                 flags) == flags) {
-                memoryTypeIndex = i;
-                memoryTypeIndexFound = true;
-                if (isHostVisible && (memoryProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible)) {
-                    *isHostVisible = true;
-                }
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (!memoryTypeIndexFound) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(
-          "Memory type index for buffer creation not found");
-    }
-
-    vk::MemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo;
-    allocInfo.allocationSize = size;
-    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memoryTypeIndex;
-    vk::DeviceMemory *vkDeviceMemory =  new vk::DeviceMemory;
-    vk::Result r = komputeManager()->device()->allocateMemory(&allocInfo, nullptr, vkDeviceMemory);
-    if (r != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
-        std::cerr << "Error allocating memory " << vk::to_string(r) << std::endl;
-        throw std::runtime_error("Error allocating vulkan memory.");
-    }
-    return vkDeviceMemory;
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_vk_aligned_offset(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, size_t offset) {
-    size_t minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment = ggml_backend_buffer_get_alignment(buffer);
-
-    // If offset is already aligned, return it directly
-    if (offset % minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment == 0) {
-        return offset;
-    }
-
-    // Otherwise, return the largest multiple of minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment less than offset
-    return (offset / minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) * minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-}
-
-static ggml_vk_memory ggml_vk_allocate(size_t size) {
-    ggml_vk_memory memory;
-    bool isHostVisible = false;
-    {
-        memory.primaryBuffer = ggml_vk_allocate_buffer(size);
-        vk::MemoryRequirements memoryRequirements = komputeManager()->device()->getBufferMemoryRequirements(*memory.primaryBuffer);
-        vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal;
-        memory.primaryMemory = ggml_vk_allocate(size, memoryPropertyFlags, memoryRequirements, &isHostVisible);
-        komputeManager()->device()->bindBufferMemory(*memory.primaryBuffer, *memory.primaryMemory, 0);
-        if (isHostVisible) {
-            vk::Result r = komputeManager()->device()->mapMemory(*memory.primaryMemory, 0, size, vk::MemoryMapFlags(), &memory.data);
-            if (r != vk::Result::eSuccess)
-                std::cerr << "Error mapping memory" << vk::to_string(r);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!isHostVisible) {
-        memory.stagingBuffer = ggml_vk_allocate_buffer(size);
-        vk::MemoryRequirements memoryRequirements = komputeManager()->device()->getBufferMemoryRequirements(*memory.stagingBuffer);
-        vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible |
-                                                      vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent |
-                                                      vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCached;
-        memory.stagingMemory = ggml_vk_allocate(size, memoryPropertyFlags, memoryRequirements, &isHostVisible);
-        komputeManager()->device()->bindBufferMemory(*memory.stagingBuffer, *memory.stagingMemory, 0);
-        vk::Result r = komputeManager()->device()->mapMemory(*memory.stagingMemory, 0, size, vk::MemoryMapFlags(), &memory.data);
-        if (r != vk::Result::eSuccess)
-            std::cerr << "Error mapping memory" << vk::to_string(r);
-    }
-
-    memory.size = size;
-    return memory;
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_free_memory(ggml_vk_memory &memory)
-{
-    komputeManager()->device()->destroy(
-      *memory.primaryBuffer,
-      (vk::Optional<const vk::AllocationCallbacks>)nullptr);
-    if (memory.stagingBuffer) {
-        komputeManager()->device()->destroy(
-          *memory.stagingBuffer,
-          (vk::Optional<const vk::AllocationCallbacks>)nullptr);
-    }
-    komputeManager()->device()->freeMemory(
-      *memory.primaryMemory,
-      (vk::Optional<const vk::AllocationCallbacks>)nullptr);
-    if (memory.stagingMemory) {
-        komputeManager()->device()->freeMemory(
-          *memory.stagingMemory,
-          (vk::Optional<const vk::AllocationCallbacks>)nullptr);
-    }
-}
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft);
-
-static
-ggml_vk_memory * ggml_vk_find_tensor(const struct ggml_tensor * t, uint64_t & offset) {
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = t->view_src ? t->view_src->buffer : t->buffer;
-
-    // compatibility with ggml-backend
-    GGML_ASSERT(buffer && buffer->buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_get_name);
-
-    ggml_vk_memory * buf_ctx = static_cast<ggml_vk_memory *>(buffer->context);
-
-    const intptr_t ioffs = intptr_t(t->data) - intptr_t(buf_ctx->data);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ioffs >= 0 && ioffs + int64_t(ggml_nbytes(t)) <= int64_t(buffer->size));
-
-    offset = uint64_t(ioffs);
-    return buf_ctx;
-}
-
-static
-const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor> ggml_vk_get_tensor(const struct ggml_tensor * t, uint32_t * alignedOffset = nullptr) {
-    uint64_t originalOffset = 0;
-    auto * res = ggml_vk_find_tensor(t, originalOffset);
-    if (!res) {
-        static std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor> nullTensor = nullptr;
-        return nullTensor;
-    }
-
-    // Create a tensor whose memory will be composed of our buffers at the correct offset
-    const size_t nelements = ggml_nelements(t);
-    size_t nbytes = ggml_nbytes(t);
-
-    size_t vulkanOffset = ggml_vk_aligned_offset(t->buffer, originalOffset);
-    if (alignedOffset) {
-        *alignedOffset = originalOffset - vulkanOffset;
-        nbytes += *alignedOffset;
-    }
-
-    return komputeManager()->tensor(
-        t->data,
-        nelements,
-        nbytes, kp::Tensor::TensorDataTypes::eFloat,
-        res->primaryMemory, res->primaryBuffer,
-        res->stagingMemory, res->stagingBuffer,
-        vulkanOffset);
-}
-
-static std::vector<uint32_t> getSpirvShader(const unsigned char* rawData, size_t size) {
-    if (size % sizeof(uint32_t) != 0) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid size: must be divisible by sizeof(uint32_t)");
-    }
-
-    const uint32_t* data_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(rawData);
-    size_t count = size / sizeof(uint32_t);
-    return std::vector<uint32_t>(data_ptr, data_ptr + count);
-}
-
-inline static
-uint32_t safe_divide(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) {
-    if (b <= 1) {
-        return a;
-    }
-    if ((a % b) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "((%u %% %u) == %u) != 0\n", a, b, a % b);
-        GGML_ABORT("safe_divide result would've had remainder");
-    }
-    return a / b;
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_add(
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02, int32_t ne03,
-    int32_t nb00, int32_t nb01, int32_t nb02, int32_t nb03,
-    int32_t ne10, int32_t ne11, int32_t ne12, int32_t ne13,
-    int32_t nb10, int32_t nb11, int32_t nb12, int32_t nb13,
-    int32_t ne0,
-    int32_t nb0,  int32_t nb1,  int32_t nb2,  int32_t nb3
-) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_add_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_add_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00;
-        int32_t nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03;
-        int32_t ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13;
-        int32_t nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13;
-        int32_t ne0;
-        int32_t nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3;
-    } const pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, 4), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00,
-        nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-        nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-        ne0,
-        nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3
-    };
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_addrow(kp::Sequence& seq,
-                 const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-                 const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-                 const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-                 uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-                 uint32_t size, uint32_t row = 0) {
-
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_addrow_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_addrow_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        uint32_t row;
-    } const pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, 4), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        row
-    };
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__))
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {size}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({size});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_mul(
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02, int32_t ne03,
-    int32_t nb00, int32_t nb01, int32_t nb02, int32_t nb03,
-    int32_t ne10, int32_t ne11, int32_t ne12, int32_t ne13,
-    int32_t nb10, int32_t nb11, int32_t nb12, int32_t nb13,
-    int32_t ne0,
-    int32_t nb0,  int32_t nb1,  int32_t nb2,  int32_t nb3
-) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00;
-        int32_t nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03;
-        int32_t ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13;
-        int32_t nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13;
-        int32_t ne0;
-        int32_t nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3;
-    } const pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, 4), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00,
-        nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-        nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-        ne0,
-        nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3
-    };
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_scale(kp::Sequence& seq,
-                   const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& in,
-                   const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-                   uint32_t inOff, uint32_t outOff,
-                   uint32_t size, float scale) {
-    const static auto spirv_1 = getSpirvShader(
-        kp::shader_data::op_scale_comp_spv, kp::shader_data::op_scale_comp_spv_len
-    );
-    const static auto spirv_8 = getSpirvShader(
-        kp::shader_data::op_scale_8_comp_spv, kp::shader_data::op_scale_8_comp_spv_len
-    );
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inOff, outOff;
-        float scale;
-    } const pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        scale
-    };
-
-    const auto * spirv = &spirv_1;
-    std::string name(__func__);
-    if (size % 8 == 0) {
-        size /= 8;
-        name += "_8";
-        spirv = &spirv_8;
-    }
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(name)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(name, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {in, out}, *spirv, {size}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(name);
-        s_algo->setTensors({in, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({size});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_xxlu(
-    const std::vector<uint32_t>& spirv, const char * suffix, kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& in,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    uint32_t size
-) {
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inOff, outOff;
-    } const pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-    };
-
-    auto name = std::string(__func__) + "_" + suffix;
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(name)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(name, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {in, out}, spirv, {size}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(name);
-        s_algo->setTensors({in, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({size});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_silu(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_silu_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_silu_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_xxlu(spirv, "silu", std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_relu(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_relu_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_relu_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_xxlu(spirv, "relu", std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_gelu(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_gelu_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_gelu_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_xxlu(spirv, "gelu", std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_soft_max(
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02, uint32_t ne03,
-    float scale, float max_bias, float m0, float m1,
-    uint32_t n_head_log2
-) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_softmax_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_softmax_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, ne01, ne02;
-        float scale, max_bias, m0, m1;
-        uint32_t n_head_log2;
-        int32_t mask;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, 4), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00, ne01, ne02,
-        scale, max_bias, m0, m1,
-        n_head_log2,
-        bool(inB)
-    };
-
-    auto & inB_ = inB ? inB : inA;
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__)) {
-        // FIXME: The softmax kernel needs to be fixed to use the subgroupsize which can vary by device
-        const uint32_t local_x = 32;
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<uint32_t, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB_, out}, spirv, {unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)}, {local_x}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB_, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_norm_(
-    const std::vector<uint32_t>& spirv, const char * suffix, kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& in,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t nb01,
-    int32_t nrows, float epsilon
-) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb01%sizeof(float) == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne00%sizeof(float) == 0);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inOff, outOff;
-        uint32_t ne00, nb01;
-        float eps;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)nb01, epsilon
-    };
-
-    auto name = std::string(__func__) + "_" + suffix;
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(name)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(name, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {in, out}, spirv, {(uint32_t)nrows}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(name);
-        s_algo->setTensors({in, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({(uint32_t)nrows});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_norm(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_norm_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_norm_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_norm_(spirv, "norm", std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_rms_norm(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_rmsnorm_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_rmsnorm_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_norm_(spirv, "rms", std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_diag_mask_inf(kp::Sequence& seq,
-                           const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& in,
-                           const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-                           uint32_t inOff, uint32_t outOff,
-                           uint32_t n_past,
-                           int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_diagmask_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_diagmask_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inOff, outOff;
-        uint32_t n_past;
-        int32_t ne00, ne01;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        n_past,
-        ne00, ne01
-    };
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__))
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {in, out}, spirv, {unsigned(ne00), unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02)}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({in, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne00), unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_f16(
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02,
-    uint32_t nb00, uint32_t nb01, uint32_t nb02, uint32_t nb03,
-    int32_t ne10, int32_t ne11, int32_t ne12, int32_t ne13,
-    uint32_t nb10, uint32_t nb11, uint32_t nb12, uint32_t nb13,
-    int32_t ne0, int32_t ne1,
-    uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3
-) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_f16_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_f16_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, ne01, ne02;
-        uint32_t nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03;
-        int32_t ne10, ne11, ne12;
-        uint32_t nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13;
-        int32_t ne0, ne1;
-        uint32_t r2, r3;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, 2), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00, ne01, ne02,
-        nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne10, ne11, ne12,
-        nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-        ne0, ne1,
-        r2, r3
-    };
-
-    const unsigned ny = unsigned((ne11 + 4 - 1)/4);
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__)) {
-        const uint32_t local_x = ggml_vk_current_device().subgroupSize * 2;
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<uint32_t, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {unsigned(ne01), ny, unsigned(ne12*ne13)}, {local_x}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne01), ny, unsigned(ne12*ne13)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_mat_f32(kp::Sequence& seq,
-                         const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-                         const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-                         const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-                         uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-                         int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02,
-                         uint32_t nb01, uint32_t nb02,
-                         int32_t ne11, int32_t ne12,
-                         uint32_t nb11, uint32_t nb12,
-                         uint32_t nb1, uint32_t nb2) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_mat_f32_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_mat_f32_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, ne01, ne02, ne11, ne12;
-        uint32_t nb01, nb02;
-        uint32_t nb11, nb12;
-        uint32_t nb1, nb2;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, 4), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne11, ne12,
-        nb01, nb02, nb11, nb12,
-        nb1, nb2
-    };
-
-    const uint32_t local_x = ggml_vk_current_device().subgroupSize;
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<uint32_t, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(),
-        {inA, inB, out}, spirv,
-        {unsigned(ne01),
-         unsigned(ne11),
-         unsigned(std::max(ne12, ne02))
-         },
-        {local_x},
-        {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne01),
-                              unsigned(ne11),
-                              unsigned(std::max(ne12, ne02)),
-                              });
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_impl(
-    const std::vector<uint32_t>& spirv, const char * suffix, uint32_t block_size, kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02,
-    int32_t ne10, int32_t ne11, int32_t ne12, int32_t ne13,
-    int32_t ne0, int32_t ne1,
-    uint32_t nb01, uint32_t nb02, uint32_t nb03,
-    uint32_t nb11, uint32_t nb12, uint32_t nb13,
-    uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3
-) {
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, ne01, ne02;
-        int32_t ne10, ne12;
-        int32_t ne0, ne1;
-        uint32_t nb01, nb02, nb03;
-        uint32_t nb11, nb12, nb13;
-        uint32_t r2, r3;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, block_size), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00, ne01, ne02,
-        ne10, ne12,
-        ne0, ne1,
-        nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        nb11, nb12, nb13,
-        r2, r3
-    };
-
-    auto name = std::string(__func__) + "_" + suffix;
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(name)) {
-        const uint32_t local_x = (ggml_vk_current_device().subgroupSize * 2) / 8;
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<uint32_t, PushConstants>(name, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {unsigned((ne01 + 7)/8), unsigned(ne11), unsigned(ne12*ne13)}, {local_x}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(name);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned((ne01 + 7)/8), unsigned(ne11), unsigned(ne12*ne13)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q4_0(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q4_0_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q4_0_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_mul_mat_impl(spirv, "q4_0", 1/*We access blocks unaligned*/, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q4_1(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q4_1_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q4_1_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_mul_mat_impl(spirv, "q4_1", 1/*We access blocks unaligned*/, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q8_0(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q8_0_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q8_0_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_mul_mat_impl(spirv, "q8_0", 1/*We access blocks unaligned*/, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q4_k(
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02,
-    int32_t ne10, int32_t ne11, int32_t ne12, int32_t ne13,
-    int32_t ne0, int32_t ne1,
-    uint32_t nb01, uint32_t nb02, uint32_t nb03,
-    uint32_t nb11, uint32_t nb12, uint32_t nb13,
-    uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3
-) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q4_k_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q4_k_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, ne10, ne0, ne1, ne01, ne02, ne12;
-        uint32_t nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13;
-        uint32_t r2, r3;
-    } pushConsts {
-        inAOff, safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00, ne10, ne0, ne1, ne01, ne02, ne12,
-        nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-        r2, r3
-    };
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<uint32_t, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {unsigned((ne01 + 3)/4), unsigned(ne11), unsigned(ne12) * unsigned(ne13)}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned((ne01 + 3)/4), unsigned(ne11), unsigned(ne12) * unsigned(ne13)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q6_k(
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02,
-    int32_t ne10, int32_t ne11, int32_t ne12, int32_t ne13,
-    int32_t ne0, int32_t ne1,
-    uint32_t nb01, uint32_t nb02, uint32_t nb03,
-    uint32_t nb11, uint32_t nb12, uint32_t nb13,
-    uint32_t r2, uint32_t r3
-) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q6_k_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_mul_mat_q6_k_comp_spv_len);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, ne10, ne0, ne1, ne01, ne02, ne12;
-        uint32_t nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13;
-        uint32_t r2, r3;
-    } pushConsts {
-        inAOff, safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00, ne10, ne0, ne1, ne01, ne02, ne12,
-        nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-        r2, r3
-    };
-
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(__func__)) {
-        const uint32_t local_x = 2;
-        const uint32_t local_y = ggml_vk_current_device().subgroupSize;
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<uint32_t, PushConstants>(__func__, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {unsigned((ne01 + 1)/2), unsigned(ne11), unsigned(ne12)*unsigned(ne13)}, {local_x, local_y}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(__func__);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned((ne01 + 1)/2), unsigned(ne11), unsigned(ne12)*unsigned(ne13)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_get_rows(
-    const std::vector<uint32_t>& spirv,
-    const char * suffix,
-    unsigned element_size, unsigned qk,
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t nb01, int32_t nb1,
-    uint32_t size
-) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb01%element_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb1%sizeof(float) == 0);
-    if (qk) GGML_ASSERT(ne00%qk == 0);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, nb01, nb1;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, element_size), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(outOff, 4),
-        ne00, nb01, nb1
-    };
-
-    auto name = std::string(__func__) + "_" + suffix;
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(name)) {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(name, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, out}, spirv, {size}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(name);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({size});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_get_rows_f32(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_getrows_f32_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_getrows_f32_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_get_rows(spirv, "f32", sizeof(float), 0, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_get_rows_f16(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_getrows_f16_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_getrows_f16_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_get_rows(spirv, "f16", sizeof(half), 0, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_get_rows_q4_0(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_getrows_q4_0_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_getrows_q4_0_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_get_rows(spirv, "q4_0", 1/*We access blocks unaligned*/, QK4_0, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_get_rows_q4_1(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_getrows_q4_1_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_getrows_q4_1_comp_spv_len);
-
-    ggml_vk_get_rows(spirv, "q4_1", 1/*We access blocks unaligned*/, QK4_1, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_get_rows_q6_k(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_getrows_q6_k_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_getrows_q6_k_comp_spv_len);
-    ggml_vk_get_rows(spirv, "q6_k", 1/*We access blocks unaligned*/, QK_NL, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_rope(
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inA,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inB,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& inC,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inAOff, uint32_t inBOff, uint32_t inCOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    ggml_type src0t, int32_t n_dims, int32_t mode, int32_t n_ctx_orig,
-    float freq_base, float freq_scale, bool has_freq_factors, float ext_factor, float attn_factor, float beta_fast, float beta_slow,
-    int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02, int32_t ne03,
-    uint32_t nb00, uint32_t nb01, uint32_t nb02, uint32_t nb03,
-    int32_t ne0,
-    uint32_t nb0, uint32_t nb1, uint32_t nb2, uint32_t nb3
-) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-    static const auto spirv_norm_f16 = getSpirvShader(
-        kp::shader_data::op_rope_norm_f16_comp_spv, kp::shader_data::op_rope_norm_f16_comp_spv_len
-    );
-    static const auto spirv_norm_f32 = getSpirvShader(
-        kp::shader_data::op_rope_norm_f32_comp_spv, kp::shader_data::op_rope_norm_f32_comp_spv_len
-    );
-    static const auto spirv_neox_f16 = getSpirvShader(
-        kp::shader_data::op_rope_neox_f16_comp_spv, kp::shader_data::op_rope_neox_f16_comp_spv_len
-    );
-    static const auto spirv_neox_f32 = getSpirvShader(
-        kp::shader_data::op_rope_neox_f32_comp_spv, kp::shader_data::op_rope_neox_f32_comp_spv_len
-    );
-
-    int type_size = src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? 2 : 4;
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb03 % type_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb02 % type_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % type_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 % type_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb3  % type_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb2  % type_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb1  % type_size == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb0  % type_size == 0);
-
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inAOff, inBOff, inCOff, outOff;
-        int32_t n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig;
-        float freq_base, freq_scale;
-        bool has_freq_factors;
-        float ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
-        uint32_t nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03;
-        int32_t ne0;
-        uint32_t nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inAOff, type_size), safe_divide(inBOff, 4), safe_divide(inCOff, type_size), safe_divide(outOff, type_size),
-        n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig,
-        freq_base, freq_scale,
-        has_freq_factors,
-        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow,
-        nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne0,
-        nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3
-    };
-
-    auto & inC_ = inC ? inC : inA;
-    const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
-    const bool is_f16 = src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16;
-
-    auto name = std::string(__func__) + (is_neox ? "_neox" : "_norm") + (src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? "_f16" : "_f32");
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(name)) {
-        auto & spirv = is_neox ? is_f16 ? spirv_neox_f16 : spirv_neox_f32 : is_f16 ? spirv_norm_f16 : spirv_norm_f32;
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(
-            name, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {inA, inB, inC_, out}, spirv,
-            {unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)}, {}, {pushConsts}
-        );
-    } else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(name);
-        s_algo->setTensors({inA, inB, inC_, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_cpy(
-    const std::vector<uint32_t>& spirv,
-    uint32_t in_element_size, uint32_t out_element_size,
-    kp::Sequence& seq,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& in,
-    const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& out,
-    uint32_t inOff, uint32_t outOff,
-    int32_t ne00, int32_t ne01, int32_t ne02, int32_t ne03,
-    uint32_t nb00, uint32_t nb01, uint32_t nb02, uint32_t nb03,
-    int32_t ne0, int32_t ne1, int32_t ne2,
-    uint32_t nb0, uint32_t nb1, uint32_t nb2, uint32_t nb3
-) {
-    struct PushConstants {
-        uint32_t inOff, outOff;
-        int32_t ne00, ne01, ne02;
-        uint32_t nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03;
-        int32_t ne0, ne1, ne2;
-        uint32_t nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3;
-    } pushConsts {
-        safe_divide(inOff, in_element_size), safe_divide(outOff, out_element_size),
-        ne00, ne01, ne02,
-        nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne0, ne1, ne2,
-        nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3
-    };
-
-    std::string name = std::string(__func__)
-                       + "_i_" + std::to_string(in_element_size)
-                       + "_o_" + std::to_string(out_element_size);
-    std::shared_ptr<kp::Algorithm> s_algo = nullptr;
-    if (!komputeManager()->hasAlgorithm(name))
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->algorithm<float, PushConstants>(name, s_kompute_context->pool.get(), {in, out}, spirv, {unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)}, {}, {pushConsts});
-    else {
-        s_algo = komputeManager()->getAlgorithm(name);
-        s_algo->setTensors({in, out});
-        s_algo->setWorkgroup({unsigned(ne01), unsigned(ne02), unsigned(ne03)});
-        s_algo->setPushConstants<PushConstants>({pushConsts});
-        s_algo->updateDescriptors(s_kompute_context->pool.get());
-    }
-    seq.record<kp::OpAlgoDispatch>(s_algo);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_cpy_f32_f16(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f32_f16_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f32_f16_comp_spv_len);
-    ggml_vk_cpy(spirv, 4, 2, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_cpy_f32_f32(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f32_f32_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f32_f32_comp_spv_len);
-    ggml_vk_cpy(spirv, 4, 4, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_cpy_f16_f16(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f16_f16_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f16_f16_comp_spv_len);
-    ggml_vk_cpy(spirv, 2, 2, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-static void ggml_vk_cpy_f16_f32(Args&&... args) {
-    const static auto spirv = getSpirvShader(kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f16_f32_comp_spv,
-        kp::shader_data::op_cpy_f16_f32_comp_spv_len);
-    ggml_vk_cpy(spirv, 2, 4, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_kompute_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    int64_t n = ggml_nelements(op);
-    switch (op->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-            if (n % 4 != 0) return false;
-            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-                    if (n % 8 != 0) return false;
-                    // fall through
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
-                default:
-                    ;
-            }
-            break;
-        case GGML_OP_NONE:
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-        case GGML_OP_ADD:
-        case GGML_OP_MUL:
-        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_NORM:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-            {
-                const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
-                if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-        case GGML_OP_DUP:
-        case GGML_OP_CPY:
-        case GGML_OP_CONT:
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-            switch (op->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-            return op->ne[3] == 1;
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-                    return op->ne[2] == 1 && op->ne[3] == 1;
-                default:
-                    ;
-            }
-            return false;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-            if (op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || ggml_is_transposed(op->src[0]) || ggml_is_transposed(op->src[1]))
-                return false;
-
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                    return op->ne[3] == 1;
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-                    return true;
-                default:
-                    ;
-            }
-        default:
-            ;
-    }
-    return false;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_graph_compute(struct ggml_kompute_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf) {
-    const int n_seq = 8;
-
-    // FIXME: Figure out if we can somehow optimize the size of the pool... right now we're setting
-    // it to the size of the graph, but I think it can be made smaller?
-    ggml_vk_allocate_descriptor_pool(ctx, gf->n_nodes);
-
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<kp::Sequence>> sequences(n_seq);
-
-    for (auto& sequence : sequences) {
-        sequence = komputeManager()->sequence();
-    }
-    for (int seq_idx = 0; seq_idx < n_seq; ++seq_idx) {
-        const int n_nodes_per_seq = (gf->n_nodes + n_seq - 1) / n_seq;
-
-        auto& seq = *sequences[seq_idx];
-
-        const int node_start = (seq_idx + 0) * n_nodes_per_seq;
-        const int node_end   = std::min((seq_idx == n_seq - 1) ? gf->n_nodes : (seq_idx + 1) * n_nodes_per_seq, gf->n_nodes);
-
-        bool any_commands_recorded = false;
-
-        for (int i = node_start; i < node_end; ++i) {
-            struct ggml_tensor * src0 = gf->nodes[i]->src[0];
-            struct ggml_tensor * src1 = gf->nodes[i]->src[1];
-            struct ggml_tensor * src2 = gf->nodes[i]->src[2]; GGML_UNUSED(src2);
-            struct ggml_tensor * dst = gf->nodes[i];
-            GGML_ASSERT(dst->data != nullptr);
-
-            if (ggml_is_empty(dst)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            switch (dst->op) {
-                case GGML_OP_NONE:
-                case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-                case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-                case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-                case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-                    continue; // noop -> next node
-                default:
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            any_commands_recorded = true;
-
-            const int32_t ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
-
-            const uint32_t nb00 = src0 ? src0->nb[0] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
-
-            const int32_t ne10 = src1 ? src1->ne[0] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne11 = src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 0;
-
-            const uint32_t nb10 = src1 ? src1->nb[0] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 0;
-
-            const int32_t ne0 = dst ? dst->ne[0] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne1 = dst ? dst->ne[1] : 0;
-            const int32_t ne2 = dst ? dst->ne[2] : 0;
-//            const int32_t ne3 = dst ? dst->ne[3] : 0;
-
-            const uint32_t nb0 = dst ? dst->nb[0] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb1 = dst ? dst->nb[1] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb2 = dst ? dst->nb[2] : 0;
-            const uint32_t nb3 = dst ? dst->nb[3] : 0;
-
-            const enum ggml_type src0t = src0 ? src0->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
-            const enum ggml_type src1t = src1 ? src1->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
-            const enum ggml_type dstt = dst ? dst->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
-
-            const static std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor> nullTensor = nullptr;
-            uint32_t off_src0 = 0;
-            uint32_t off_src1 = 0;
-            uint32_t off_src2 = 0;
-            uint32_t off_dst  = 0;
-            const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& id_src0 = src0 ? ggml_vk_get_tensor(src0, &off_src0) : nullTensor;
-            const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& id_src1 = src1 ? ggml_vk_get_tensor(src1, &off_src1) : nullTensor;
-            const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& id_src2 = src2 ? ggml_vk_get_tensor(src2, &off_src2) : nullTensor;
-            const std::shared_ptr<kp::Tensor>& id_dst  = dst  ? ggml_vk_get_tensor(dst,  &off_dst)  : nullTensor;
-
-            switch (dst->op) {
-                case GGML_OP_ADD:
-                    {
-                        if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
-                            // src1 is a row
-                            ggml_vk_addrow(seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst, ggml_nelements(dst)/4, ne00);
-                        } else {
-                            ggml_vk_add(
-                                seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
-                                nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                                nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-                                ne0,
-                                nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3
-                            );
-                        }
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_MUL:
-                    {
-                        ggml_vk_mul(
-                            seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
-                            nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                            nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-                            ne0,
-                            nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3
-                        );
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-                    {
-                        float scale; memcpy(&scale, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-
-                        ggml_vk_scale(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, ggml_nelements(dst), scale);
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-                    {
-                        int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-                        GGML_ASSERT(n % 4 == 0);
-                        switch (ggml_get_unary_op(gf->nodes[i])) {
-                            case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-                                {
-                                    ggml_vk_silu(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, n/4);
-                                } break;
-                            case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-                                {
-                                    ggml_vk_relu(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, n/4);
-                                } break;
-                            case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-                                {
-                                    GGML_ASSERT(n % 8 == 0);
-                                    ggml_vk_gelu(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, n/8);
-                                } break;
-                            default:
-                                {
-                                    fprintf(stderr, "%s: node %3d, op = %8s not implemented\n", __func__, i, ggml_op_name(dst->op));
-                                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                                }
-                        }
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-                    {
-                        float scale;
-                        float max_bias;
-
-                        memcpy(&scale,    (float *)dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
-                        memcpy(&max_bias, (float *)dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
-
-#pragma message("TODO: add ggml_vk_soft_max() F16 src1 support")
-#pragma message("ref:  https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5021")
-                        GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                        const int64_t nrows_x = ggml_nrows(src0);
-                        const int64_t nrows_y = src0->ne[1];
-
-                        const uint32_t n_head      = nrows_x/nrows_y;
-                        const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
-
-                        const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
-                        const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
-
-                        ggml_vk_soft_max(seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, scale, max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2);
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-                    {
-                        const int n_past = ((int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
-                        ggml_vk_diag_mask_inf(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, n_past, ne00, ne01, ne02);
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_NORM:
-                    {
-                        float eps;
-                        memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-                        ggml_vk_norm(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, ne00, nb01, ggml_nrows(src0), eps);
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-                    {
-                        GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
-
-                        float eps;
-                        memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-                        ggml_vk_rms_norm(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, ne00, nb01, ggml_nrows(src0), eps);
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-                    {
-                        GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
-
-                        GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
-                        GGML_ASSERT(ne13 % ne03 == 0);
-
-                        const uint32_t r2 = ne12/ne02;
-                        const uint32_t r3 = ne13/ne03;
-
-                        if (src1t != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                            fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: Unsupported src1 type: %u/%u\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(dst->op), src0t, src1t);
-                            goto not_implemented;
-                        }
-
-                        if (ggml_is_transposed(src0) ||
-                            ggml_is_transposed(src1)) {
-                            fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: matmul on tranposed tensor not supported: %u/%u\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(dst->op), src0t, src1t);
-                            goto not_implemented;
-                        }
-
-                        switch (src0t) {
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                                ggml_vk_mul_mat_mat_f32(
-                                    seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                    ne00, ne01, ne02, nb01, nb02, ne11, ne12, nb11, nb12, nb1, nb2
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                                ggml_vk_mul_mat_f16(
-                                    seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                    ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                    ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-                                    ne0, ne1, r2, r3
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                                ggml_vk_mul_mat_q8_0(
-                                    seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                    ne00, ne01, ne02, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1,
-                                    nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13, r2, r3
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                                ggml_vk_mul_mat_q4_0(
-                                    seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                    ne00, ne01, ne02, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1,
-                                    nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13, r2, r3
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                                ggml_vk_mul_mat_q4_1(
-                                    seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                    ne00, ne01, ne02, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1,
-                                    nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13, r2, r3
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-                                ggml_vk_mul_mat_q4_k(
-                                    seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                    ne00, ne01, ne02, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1,
-                                    nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13, r2, r3
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-                                ggml_vk_mul_mat_q6_k(
-                                    seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst,
-                                    ne00, ne01, ne02, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1,
-                                    nb01, nb02, nb03, nb11, nb12, nb13, r2, r3
-                                );
-                                break;
-                            default: {
-                                fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: Unsupported quantization: %u/%u\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(dst->op), src0t, src1t);
-                                goto not_implemented;
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-                    {
-                        if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                            ggml_vk_get_rows_f32(seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst, ne00, nb01, nb1, ggml_nelements(src1));
-                        } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                            ggml_vk_get_rows_f16(seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst, ne00, nb01, nb1, ggml_nelements(src1));
-                        } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-                            ggml_vk_get_rows_q4_0(seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst, ne00, nb01, nb1, ggml_nelements(src1));
-                        } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
-                            ggml_vk_get_rows_q4_1(seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst, ne00, nb01, nb1, ggml_nelements(src1));
-                        } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
-                            ggml_vk_get_rows_q6_k(seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_dst, ne00, nb01, nb1, ggml_nelements(src1));
-                        } else {
-                            fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: Unsupported quantization: %u\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(dst->op), src0t);
-                            goto not_implemented;
-                        }
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-                    {
-                        GGML_ASSERT(ne10 == ne02);
-                        GGML_ASSERT(src0t == dstt);
-                        // const int n_past = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-                        const int n_dims     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
-                        const int mode       = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
-                        // skip 3, n_ctx used in GLM RoPE, unimplemented in Vulkan
-                        const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
-
-                        const bool has_freq_factors = dst->src[2] != nullptr;
-
-                        float freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
-                        memcpy(&freq_base,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  5, sizeof(float));
-                        memcpy(&freq_scale,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  6, sizeof(float));
-                        memcpy(&ext_factor,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  7, sizeof(float));
-                        memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
-                        memcpy(&beta_fast,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
-                        memcpy(&beta_slow,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
-                        ggml_vk_rope(
-                            seq, id_src0, id_src1, id_src2, id_dst, off_src0, off_src1, off_src2, off_dst, src0t, n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig,
-                            freq_base, freq_scale, has_freq_factors, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow,
-                            ne01, ne02, ne03, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne0, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3
-                        );
-                    } break;
-                case GGML_OP_DUP:
-                case GGML_OP_CPY:
-                case GGML_OP_CONT:
-                    {
-                        switch (src0t) {
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                                {
-                                    switch (dstt) {
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_F16: ggml_vk_cpy_f32_f16(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne0, ne1, ne2, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3); break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_F32: ggml_vk_cpy_f32_f32(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne0, ne1, ne2, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3); break;
-                                        default: goto not_implemented;
-                                    }
-                                } break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                                {
-                                    switch (dstt) {
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_F16: ggml_vk_cpy_f16_f16(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne0, ne1, ne2, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3); break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_F32: ggml_vk_cpy_f16_f32(seq, id_src0, id_dst, off_src0, off_dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne0, ne1, ne2, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3); break;
-                                    default: goto not_implemented;
-                                } break;
-                            default: goto not_implemented;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    } break;
-                default: goto not_implemented;
-            }
-            continue;
-            not_implemented: {}
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: node %3d, op = %8s not implemented\n", __func__, i, ggml_op_name(dst->op));
-            //GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-        }
-
-        // Evaluate sequence
-        if (any_commands_recorded) {
-            seq.evalAsync();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Wait for all sequences to finish
-    for (auto& sequence : sequences) {
-        if (sequence->isRunning())
-            sequence->evalAwait();
-    }
-
-    ggml_vk_free_descriptor_pool(ctx);
-}
-
-template<>
-kp::Tensor::TensorDataTypes
-kp::TensorT<half>::dataType()
-{
-    return TensorDataTypes::eFloat;
-}
-
-template<>
-kp::Tensor::TensorDataTypes
-kp::TensorT<uint8_t>::dataType()
-{
-    return TensorDataTypes::eUnsignedInt;
-}
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// backend interface
-
-struct ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context {
-    int         device;
-    int         device_ref = 0;
-    uint64_t    buffer_alignment;
-    uint64_t    max_alloc;
-    std::string name;
-
-    ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context(int device, uint64_t buffer_alignment, uint64_t max_alloc)
-        : device(device), buffer_alignment(buffer_alignment), max_alloc(max_alloc), name(ggml_kompute_format_name(device)) {}
-};
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_device_ref(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context *>(buft->context);
-
-    if (!ctx->device_ref) {
-        komputeManager()->initializeDevice(
-            ctx->device, {}, {
-                "VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8", "VK_KHR_8bit_storage",
-                "VK_KHR_16bit_storage", "VK_KHR_shader_non_semantic_info"
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-    assert(ggml_vk_has_device());
-    ctx->device_ref++;
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_device_unref(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context *>(buft->context);
-
-    assert(ctx->device_ref > 0);
-
-    ctx->device_ref--;
-
-    if (!ctx->device_ref) {
-        komputeManager.destroy();
-    }
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    auto * memory = (ggml_vk_memory *)buffer->context;
-    if (ggml_vk_has_device()) {
-        ggml_vk_free_memory(*memory);
-    }
-    delete memory;
-}
-
-static void * ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    return ((ggml_vk_memory *)buffer->context)->data;
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-
-    const auto res = ggml_vk_get_tensor(tensor);
-    GGML_ASSERT(res);
-
-    memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
-
-    komputeManager()->sequence()->eval<kp::OpTensorSyncDevice>({res});
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-
-    const auto res = ggml_vk_get_tensor(tensor);
-    GGML_ASSERT(res);
-
-    komputeManager()->sequence()->eval<kp::OpTensorSyncLocal>({res});
-
-    memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
-    auto * memory = (ggml_vk_memory *)buffer->context;
-    memset(memory->data, value, buffer->size);
-
-    if (memory->stagingBuffer)
-        komputeManager()->sequence()->eval<kp::OpBufferSyncDevice>(memory->primaryBuffer, memory->stagingBuffer, memory->size);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_i = {
-    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_free_buffer,
-    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_get_base,
-    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,
-    /* .memset_tensor   = */ NULL,
-    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_set_tensor,
-    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_get_tensor,
-    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ NULL,
-    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_clear,
-    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
-};
-
-// default buffer type
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context *>(buft->context);
-    return ctx->name.c_str();
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_ref(buft);
-    auto * ctx = new ggml_vk_memory(ggml_vk_allocate(size));
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_i, ctx, size);
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context *>(buft->context);
-    return ctx->buffer_alignment;
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_vk_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context *>(buft->context);
-    return ctx->max_alloc;
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_interface = {
-    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_get_name,
-    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
-    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_get_alignment,
-    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_vk_buffer_type_get_max_size,
-    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ NULL, // defaults to ggml_nbytes
-    /* .is_host          = */ NULL,
-};
-
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type(int device) {
-    static std::mutex mutex;
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
-
-    auto devices = ggml_vk_available_devices();
-    int32_t device_count = (int32_t) devices.size();
-    GGML_ASSERT(device < device_count);
-    GGML_ASSERT(devices.size() <= GGML_KOMPUTE_MAX_DEVICES);
-
-    static ggml_backend_buffer_type
-        ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_types[GGML_KOMPUTE_MAX_DEVICES];
-
-    static bool ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_initialized = false;
-
-    if (!ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_initialized) {
-        for (int32_t i = 0; i < device_count; i++) {
-            ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_types[i] = {
-                /* .iface    = */ ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_interface,
-                /* .device   = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_kompute_reg(), i),
-                /* .context  = */ new ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context{ i, devices[i].bufferAlignment, devices[i].maxAlloc },
-            };
-        }
-        ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_initialized = true;
-    }
-
-    return &ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_types[device];
-}
-
-// backend
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_kompute_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_kompute_context *>(backend->context);
-    return ctx->name.c_str();
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_kompute_context *>(backend->context);
-
-    assert(ctx == s_kompute_context);
-    s_kompute_context = nullptr;
-    if (ctx != nullptr) {
-        delete ctx;
-    }
-
-    delete backend;
-}
-
-static ggml_status ggml_backend_kompute_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_kompute_context *>(backend->context);
-    ggml_vk_graph_compute(ctx, cgraph);
-    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static struct ggml_backend_i kompute_backend_i = {
-    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_kompute_name,
-    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_kompute_free,
-    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_kompute_graph_compute,
-    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
-};
-
-static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_kompute_guid() {
-    static ggml_guid guid = { 0x7b, 0x57, 0xdc, 0xaf, 0xde, 0x12, 0x1d, 0x49, 0xfb, 0x35, 0xfa, 0x9b, 0x18, 0x31, 0x1d, 0xca };
-    return &guid;
-}
-
-ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_kompute_init(int device) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(s_kompute_context == nullptr);
-    s_kompute_context = new ggml_kompute_context(device);
-
-    ggml_backend_t kompute_backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_kompute_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ kompute_backend_i,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_kompute_reg(), device),
-        /* .context   = */ s_kompute_context,
-    };
-
-    return kompute_backend;
-}
-
-bool ggml_backend_is_kompute(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_kompute_guid());
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_kompute_get_device_count() {
-    auto devices = ggml_vk_available_devices();
-    return devices.size();
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_get_device_description(int device, char * description, size_t description_size) {
-    auto devices = ggml_vk_available_devices();
-    GGML_ASSERT((size_t) device < devices.size());
-    snprintf(description, description_size, "%s", devices[device].name);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_get_device_memory(int device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    auto devices = ggml_vk_available_devices();
-    GGML_ASSERT((size_t) device < devices.size());
-    *total = devices[device].heapSize;
-    *free = devices[device].heapSize;
-}
-
-//////////////////////////
-
-struct ggml_backend_kompute_device_context {
-    int device;
-    std::string name;
-    std::string description;
-};
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_kompute_device_context *)dev->context;
-    return ctx->name.c_str();
-}
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_kompute_device_context *)dev->context;
-    return ctx->description.c_str();
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_kompute_device_context *)dev->context;
-    ggml_backend_kompute_get_device_memory(ctx->device, free, total);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_kompute_device_context *)dev->context;
-    return ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type(ctx->device);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_kompute_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    if (buft->iface.get_name != ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_get_name) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_kompute_device_context *)dev->context;
-    ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_kompute_buffer_type_context *)buft->context;
-
-    return buft_ctx->device == ctx->device;
-}
-
-static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
-    props->name        = ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_name(dev);
-    props->description = ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_description(dev);
-    props->type        = ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_type(dev);
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
-    props->caps = {
-        /* async                  = */ false,
-        /* host_buffer            = */ false,
-        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
-        /* events                 = */ false,
-    };
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_kompute_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-    ggml_backend_kompute_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_kompute_device_context *)dev->context;
-    return ggml_backend_kompute_init(ctx->device);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_kompute_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
-    const int min_batch_size = 32;
-
-    return (op->ne[1] >= min_batch_size && op->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) ||
-           (op->ne[2] >= min_batch_size && op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_kompute_device_i = {
-    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_name,
-    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_description,
-    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_memory,
-    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_type,
-    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_props,
-    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_init,
-    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_get_buffer_type,
-    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
-    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ NULL,
-    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_supports_op,
-    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_supports_buft,
-    /* .offload_op           = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_offload_op,
-    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
-};
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_kompute_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-    return "Kompute";
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_kompute_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-    return ggml_backend_kompute_get_device_count();
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_kompute_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t device) {
-    static std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
-
-    static bool initialized = false;
-
-    {
-        static std::mutex mutex;
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
-        if (!initialized) {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_kompute_get_device_count(); i++) {
-                ggml_backend_kompute_device_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_kompute_device_context;
-                char desc[256];
-                ggml_backend_kompute_get_device_description(i, desc, sizeof(desc));
-                ctx->device = i;
-                ctx->name = "Kompute" + std::to_string(i);
-                ctx->description = desc;
-                devices.push_back(new ggml_backend_device {
-                    /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_kompute_device_i,
-                    /* .reg     = */ reg,
-                    /* .context = */ ctx,
-                });
-            }
-            initialized = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(device < devices.size());
-    return devices[device];
-}
-
-static const struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_kompute_reg_i = {
-    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_kompute_reg_get_name,
-    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_kompute_reg_get_device_count,
-    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_kompute_reg_get_device,
-    /* .get_proc_address = */ NULL,
-};
-
-ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_kompute_reg() {
-    static ggml_backend_reg reg = {
-        /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
-        /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_kompute_reg_i,
-        /* .context     = */ nullptr,
-    };
-
-    return &reg;
-}
-
-GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_kompute_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/common.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/common.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index dbe4cf804e6..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/common.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage: require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage: require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_float16: require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int8: require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16: require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int64: require
-#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes: enable
-#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : require
-#extension GL_EXT_debug_printf : enable
-
-#define QK4_0 32
-#define QK4_1 32
-
-#define GELU_COEF_A 0.044715
-#define SQRT_2_OVER_PI 0.79788456080286535587989211986876
-#define TWOPI_F 6.283185307179586f
-
-#define QK_K 256
-#define K_SCALE_SIZE 12
-
-#define u8BufToU16(buf, idx) (((uint16_t(buf[idx + 1]) << 8)) | buf[idx])
-#define u8BufToFloat16(buf, idx) uint16BitsToHalf u8BufToU16(buf, idx)
-#define u8BufToU32(buf, idx) (((uint32_t u8BufToU16(buf, idx + 2) << 8 | buf[idx + 1]) << 8) | buf[idx])
-#define u8BufToFloat(buf, idx) uintBitsToFloat u8BufToU32(buf, idx)
-
-#define sizeof_block_q4_0 0x12
-struct block_q4_0 {
-    float16_t d;
-    uint8_t qs[QK4_0 / 2];
-};
-mat4 dequantize_q4_0(const block_q4_0 xb, uint il) {
-    const float d1 = il != 0 ? (xb.d / 16.f) : xb.d;
-    const float d2 = d1 / 256.f;
-    const float md = -8.f * xb.d;
-    const uint16_t mask0 = il != 0 ? uint16_t(0x00F0) : uint16_t(0x000F);
-    const uint16_t mask1 = mask0 << 8;
-
-    mat4 reg;
-    for (int i=0;i<8;i++) {
-        uint16_t b = (uint16_t(xb.qs[2 * i + 1]) << 8) | uint16_t(xb.qs[2 * i]);
-        reg[i/2][2*(i%2)+0] = d1 * (b & mask0) + md;
-        reg[i/2][2*(i%2)+1] = d2 * (b & mask1) + md;
-    }
-    return reg;
-}
-
-#define sizeof_block_q4_1 0x14
-struct block_q4_1 {
-    float16_t d;
-    float16_t m;
-    uint8_t qs[QK4_1 / 2];
-};
-mat4 dequantize_q4_1(const block_q4_1 xb, uint il) {
-    const float d1 = il != 0 ? (xb.d / 16.f) : xb.d;
-    const float d2 = d1 / 256.f;
-    const float  m = xb.m;
-    const uint16_t mask0 = il != 0 ? uint16_t(0x00F0) : uint16_t(0x000F);
-    const uint16_t mask1 = mask0 << 8;
-
-    mat4 reg;
-    for (int i=0;i<8;i++) {
-        uint16_t b = (uint16_t(xb.qs[2 * i + 1]) << 8) | uint16_t(xb.qs[2 * i]);
-        reg[i/2][2*(i%2)+0] = ((b & mask0) * d1) + m;
-        reg[i/2][2*(i%2)+1] = ((b & mask1) * d2) + m;
-    }
-    return reg;
-}
-
-#define sizeof_block_q4_k 144
-struct block_q4_k {
-    float16_t d;
-    float16_t dmin;
-    uint8_t scales[K_SCALE_SIZE];
-    uint8_t qs[QK_K/2];
-};
-
-#define sizeof_block_q6_k 210
-struct block_q6_k {
-    uint8_t ql[QK_K/2];      // quants, lower 4 bits
-    uint8_t qh[QK_K/4];      // quants, upper 2 bits
-    int8_t  scales[QK_K/16]; // scales, quantized with 8 bits
-    float16_t d;             // super-block scale
-};
-mat4 dequantize_q6_k(const block_q6_k xb, uint il) {
-    const float16_t d_all = xb.d;
-
-    const uint qlIndex = 64*(il/8) + 32*((il/2)&1) + 16*(il&1);
-    const uint qhIndex = 32*(il/8) + 16*(il&1);
-    float16_t sc = xb.scales[(il%2) + 2 * ((il/2))];
-    il = (il/2) & 3;
-
-    const uint16_t  kmask1 = il>1 ? uint16_t(il>2 ? 192 : 48) : uint16_t(il>0 ? 12 : 3);
-    const uint16_t  kmask2 = il>1 ? uint8_t(0xF0)             : uint8_t(0x0F);
-    const float16_t coef   = il>1 ? float16_t(1.f/16.f)       : float16_t(1.f);
-    const float16_t ml = float16_t(d_all * sc * 32.f);
-    const float16_t dl = float16_t(d_all * sc * coef);
-    mat4 reg;
-    for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
-        const float16_t q = (il&1) != 0 ? ((xb.ql[qlIndex + i] & kmask2) | ((xb.qh[qhIndex + i] & kmask1) << 2))
-                                        : ((xb.ql[qlIndex + i] & kmask2) | ((xb.qh[qhIndex + i] & kmask1) << 4));
-        reg[i/4][i%4] = dl * q - ml;
-    }
-    return reg;
-}
-
-
-#define QK8_0 32
-// struct block_q8_0 {
-//     float16_t d;         // delta
-//     int8_t    qs[QK8_0]; // quants
-// };
-#define sizeof_block_q8_0 34
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_add.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_add.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index b7b76a79dbd..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_add.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1024) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int nb00;
-    int nb01;
-    int nb02;
-    int nb03;
-    int ne10;
-    int ne11;
-    int ne12;
-    int ne13;
-    int nb10;
-    int nb11;
-    int nb12;
-    int nb13;
-    int ne0;
-    int nb0;
-    int nb1;
-    int nb2;
-    int nb3;
-  //int offs; // TODO: needed for GGML_OP_ACC, see metal code
-} pcs;
-
-// general-purpose kernel for addition of two tensors
-// pros: works for non-contiguous tensors, supports broadcast across dims 1, 2 and 3
-// cons: not very efficient
-void main() {
-    const uint i03 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const uint i13 = i03 % pcs.ne13;
-    const uint i12 = i02 % pcs.ne12;
-    const uint i11 = i01 % pcs.ne11;
-
-    int offs = 0; // TMP (see above)
-
-    uint src0_off = uint((i03*pcs.nb03 + i02*pcs.nb02 + i01*pcs.nb01 + offs) / 4);
-    uint src1_off = uint((i13*pcs.nb13 + i12*pcs.nb12 + i11*pcs.nb11       ) / 4);
-    uint dst_off  = uint((i03*pcs.nb3  + i02*pcs.nb2  + i01*pcs.nb1  + offs) / 4);
-
-    for (uint i0 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i0 < pcs.ne0; i0 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        const uint i10 = i0 % pcs.ne10;
-        out_[pcs.outOff + dst_off + i0] = inA[pcs.inAOff + src0_off + i0] + inB[pcs.inBOff + src1_off + i10];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_addrow.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_addrow.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2376a6b8f03..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_addrow.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    uint row;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint baseIndex = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 4;
-
-    for (uint x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-        const uint i = baseIndex + x;
-        out_[i + pcs.outOff] = inA[i + pcs.inAOff] + inB[(i % pcs.row) + pcs.inBOff];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f16.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f16.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index d57247d2dcc..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f16.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define IN_TYPE float16_t
-#define IN_TYPE_SIZE 2
-#define OUT_TYPE float16_t
-#define OUT_TYPE_SIZE 2
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1024) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorIn { IN_TYPE in_[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer tensorOut { OUT_TYPE out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    uint nb00;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    int ne0;
-    int ne1;
-    int ne2;
-    uint nb0;
-    uint nb1;
-    uint nb2;
-    uint nb3;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i03 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const int n = int(i03)*pcs.ne02*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i02)*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i01)*pcs.ne00;
-
-    const int i3 = n / (pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i2 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / (pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i1 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / pcs.ne0;
-    const int i0 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i1*pcs.ne0);
-
-    const uint dst_data = (i3*pcs.nb3 + i2*pcs.nb2 + i1*pcs.nb1 + i0*pcs.nb0) / OUT_TYPE_SIZE + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        const uint src = uint((i03*pcs.nb03 + i02*pcs.nb02 + i01*pcs.nb01 + i00*pcs.nb00) / IN_TYPE_SIZE) + pcs.inOff; // Based from in_
-        out_[dst_data+i00] = OUT_TYPE(in_[src]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f32.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f32.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index b568bcd7b26..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f32.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define IN_TYPE float16_t
-#define IN_TYPE_SIZE 2
-#define OUT_TYPE float
-#define OUT_TYPE_SIZE 4
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1024) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorIn { IN_TYPE in_[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer tensorOut { OUT_TYPE out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    uint nb00;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    int ne0;
-    int ne1;
-    int ne2;
-    uint nb0;
-    uint nb1;
-    uint nb2;
-    uint nb3;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i03 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const int n = int(i03)*pcs.ne02*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i02)*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i01)*pcs.ne00;
-
-    const int i3 = n / (pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i2 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / (pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i1 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / pcs.ne0;
-    const int i0 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i1*pcs.ne0);
-
-    const uint dst_data = (i3*pcs.nb3 + i2*pcs.nb2 + i1*pcs.nb1 + i0*pcs.nb0) / OUT_TYPE_SIZE + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        const uint src = uint((i03*pcs.nb03 + i02*pcs.nb02 + i01*pcs.nb01 + i00*pcs.nb00) / IN_TYPE_SIZE) + pcs.inOff; // Based from in_
-        out_[dst_data+i00] = OUT_TYPE(in_[src]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f16.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f16.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 99b22834308..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f16.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define IN_TYPE float
-#define IN_TYPE_SIZE 4
-#define OUT_TYPE float16_t
-#define OUT_TYPE_SIZE 2
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1024) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorIn { IN_TYPE in_[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer tensorOut { OUT_TYPE out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    uint nb00;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    int ne0;
-    int ne1;
-    int ne2;
-    uint nb0;
-    uint nb1;
-    uint nb2;
-    uint nb3;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i03 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const int n = int(i03)*pcs.ne02*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i02)*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i01)*pcs.ne00;
-
-    const int i3 = n / (pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i2 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / (pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i1 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / pcs.ne0;
-    const int i0 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i1*pcs.ne0);
-
-    const uint dst_data = (i3*pcs.nb3 + i2*pcs.nb2 + i1*pcs.nb1 + i0*pcs.nb0) / OUT_TYPE_SIZE + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        const uint src = uint((i03*pcs.nb03 + i02*pcs.nb02 + i01*pcs.nb01 + i00*pcs.nb00) / IN_TYPE_SIZE) + pcs.inOff; // Based from in_
-        out_[dst_data+i00] = OUT_TYPE(in_[src]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f32.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f32.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fc998492b7..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f32.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define IN_TYPE float
-#define IN_TYPE_SIZE 4
-#define OUT_TYPE float
-#define OUT_TYPE_SIZE 4
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1024) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorIn { IN_TYPE in_[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer tensorOut { OUT_TYPE out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    uint nb00;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    int ne0;
-    int ne1;
-    int ne2;
-    uint nb0;
-    uint nb1;
-    uint nb2;
-    uint nb3;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i03 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const int n = int(i03)*pcs.ne02*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i02)*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + int(i01)*pcs.ne00;
-
-    const int i3 = n / (pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i2 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / (pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0);
-    const int i1 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0) / pcs.ne0;
-    const int i0 = (n - i3*pcs.ne2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i2*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 - i1*pcs.ne0);
-
-    const uint dst_data = (i3*pcs.nb3 + i2*pcs.nb2 + i1*pcs.nb1 + i0*pcs.nb0) / OUT_TYPE_SIZE + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        const uint src = uint((i03*pcs.nb03 + i02*pcs.nb02 + i01*pcs.nb01 + i00*pcs.nb00) / IN_TYPE_SIZE) + pcs.inOff; // Based from in_
-        out_[dst_data+i00] = OUT_TYPE(in_[src]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_diagmask.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_diagmask.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 291c3fc1897..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_diagmask.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    uint n_past;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne01;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i00 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const uint index = i02*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + i01*pcs.ne00 + i00;
-
-    if (i00 > pcs.n_past + i01) {
-        out_[index + pcs.outOff] = uintBitsToFloat(0xFF800000);
-    } else {
-        out_[index + pcs.outOff] = in_[index + pcs.inOff];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_gelu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_gelu.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d8c53710af..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_gelu.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint baseIndex = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 8;
-
-    for (uint x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
-        const uint i = baseIndex + x;
-        const float y = in_[i + pcs.inOff];
-        out_[i + pcs.outOff] = 0.5*y*(1.0 + tanh(clamp(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*y*(1.0 + GELU_COEF_A*y*y), -15.0, 15.0)));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a5581b23a9..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-void main() {
-    const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const int r = inB[i + pcs.inBOff];
-
-    int z = 0;
-    for (uint ind = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; ind < pcs.ne00/16; ind += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        const uint inIndex = (r * pcs.nb01 + pcs.inAOff) + ind/NL * SIZE_OF_BLOCK;
-        const mat4 result = dequantize_block(inIndex, ind%NL);
-        for (uint j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-            for (uint k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                const uint outIndex = i * pcs.nb1/BYTES_FOR_TYPE + pcs.outOff + z;
-                out_[outIndex] = result[j][k];
-                ++z;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f16.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f16.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 48c93610811..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f16.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { float16_t inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { int inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int nb01;
-    int nb1;
-} pcs;
-
-void dequantize_row_f16(uint x /*Based from inA unaligned*/, uint y /*Based from out_*/, int k) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
-        out_[y + j] = inA[x + j];
-    }
-}
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const int r = inB[i + pcs.inBOff];
-
-    dequantize_row_f16(r*pcs.nb01/2/*bytes for float16*/ + pcs.inAOff, i*pcs.nb1/4 + pcs.outOff, pcs.ne00);
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f32.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f32.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d7acdaf8a8..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f32.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { int inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int nb01;
-    int nb1;
-} pcs;
-
-void dequantize_row_f32(uint x /*Based from inA unaligned*/, uint y /*Based from out_*/, int k) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
-        out_[y + j] = inA[x + j];
-    }
-}
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const int r = inB[i + pcs.inBOff];
-
-    dequantize_row_f32(r*pcs.nb01/4 + pcs.inAOff, i*pcs.nb1/4 + pcs.outOff, pcs.ne00);
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_0.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_0.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 32b2e891e8f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_0.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define NL 2
-#define BYTES_FOR_TYPE 4 /*bytes for float*/
-#define SIZE_OF_BLOCK sizeof_block_q4_0
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { uint8_t inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { int inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int nb01;
-    int nb1;
-} pcs;
-
-block_q4_0 get_unaligned_block_q4_0(uint index) {
-    block_q4_0 fres;
-    fres.d = u8BufToFloat16(inA, index);
-    [[unroll]] for (uint it = 0; it != QK4_0 / 2; it++) {
-        fres.qs[it] = inA[index+2+it];
-    }
-    return fres;
-}
-
-mat4 dequantize_block(uint index, uint il) {
-    const block_q4_0 block = get_unaligned_block_q4_0(index);
-    return dequantize_q4_0(block, il);
-}
-
-#include "op_getrows.comp"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_1.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 87f2fbe17bb..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_1.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define NL 2
-#define BYTES_FOR_TYPE 4 /*bytes for float*/
-#define SIZE_OF_BLOCK sizeof_block_q4_1
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { uint8_t inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { int inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int nb01;
-    int nb1;
-} pcs;
-
-block_q4_1 get_unaligned_block_q4_1(uint index) {
-    block_q4_1 fres;
-    fres.d = u8BufToFloat16(inA, index);
-    fres.m = u8BufToFloat16(inA, index+2);
-    [[unroll]] for (uint it = 0; it != QK4_1 / 2; it++) {
-        fres.qs[it] = inA[index+4+it];
-    }
-    return fres;
-}
-
-mat4 dequantize_block(uint index, uint il) {
-    const block_q4_1 block = get_unaligned_block_q4_1(index);
-    return dequantize_q4_1(block, il);
-}
-
-#include "op_getrows.comp"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q6_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q6_k.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ce3545d1ec..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q6_k.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define NL 16
-#define BYTES_FOR_TYPE 4 /*bytes for float*/
-#define SIZE_OF_BLOCK sizeof_block_q6_k
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { uint8_t inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { int inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int nb01;
-    int nb1;
-} pcs;
-
-block_q6_k get_unaligned_block_q6_k(uint index) {
-    block_q6_k fres;
-    [[unroll]] for (uint it = 0; it != QK_K / 2; it++) {
-        fres.ql[it] = inA[index + it];
-    }
-    [[unroll]] for (uint it = 0; it != QK_K / 4; it++) {
-        fres.qh[it] = inA[index + QK_K/2 + it];
-    }
-    [[unroll]] for (uint it = 0; it != QK_K / 16; it++) {
-        fres.scales[it] = int8_t(inA[index + QK_K/2 + QK_K/4 + it]);
-    }
-    fres.d = u8BufToFloat16(inA, index + QK_K/2 + QK_K/4 + QK_K/16);
-    return fres;
-}
-
-mat4 dequantize_block(uint index, uint il) {
-    const block_q6_k block = get_unaligned_block_q6_k(index);
-    return dequantize_q6_k(block, il);
-}
-
-#include "op_getrows.comp"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index c92647c4db1..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1024) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int nb00;
-    int nb01;
-    int nb02;
-    int nb03;
-    int ne10;
-    int ne11;
-    int ne12;
-    int ne13;
-    int nb10;
-    int nb11;
-    int nb12;
-    int nb13;
-    int ne0;
-    int nb0;
-    int nb1;
-    int nb2;
-    int nb3;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i03 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const uint i13 = i03 % pcs.ne13;
-    const uint i12 = i02 % pcs.ne12;
-    const uint i11 = i01 % pcs.ne11;
-
-    uint src0_off = uint((i03*pcs.nb03 + i02*pcs.nb02 + i01*pcs.nb01) / 4);
-    uint src1_off = uint((i13*pcs.nb13 + i12*pcs.nb12 + i11*pcs.nb11) / 4);
-    uint dst_off  = uint((i03*pcs.nb3  + i02*pcs.nb2  + i01*pcs.nb1)  / 4);
-
-    for (uint i0 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i0 < pcs.ne0; i0 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        const uint i10 = i0 % pcs.ne10;
-        out_[pcs.outOff + dst_off + i0] = inA[pcs.inAOff + src0_off + i0] * inB[pcs.inBOff + src1_off + i10];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_f16.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_f16.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ab1b2fc20e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_f16.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : require
-
-layout(local_size_x_id = 0) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { float16_t inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    uint nb00;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    int ne10;
-    int ne11;
-    int ne12;
-    uint nb10;
-    uint nb11;
-    uint nb12;
-    uint nb13;
-    int ne0;
-    int ne1;
-    uint r2;
-    uint r3;
-} pcs;
-
-#define N_F16_F32 4
-
-void main() {
-    const uint r0 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const uint rb = gl_WorkGroupID.y*N_F16_F32;
-    const uint im = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-
-    const uint i12 = im%pcs.ne12;
-    const uint i13 = im/pcs.ne12;
-
-    const uint offset0 = r0*pcs.nb01 + (i12/pcs.r2)*pcs.nb02 + (i13/pcs.r3)*pcs.nb03;
-
-    const uint x = offset0 / 2 + pcs.inAOff; // Based from inA
-
-    for (uint row = 0; row < N_F16_F32; ++row) {
-        uint r1 = rb + row;
-        if (r1 >= pcs.ne11) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        const uint y = (r1*pcs.nb11 + i12*pcs.nb12 + i13*pcs.nb13) / 4 + pcs.inBOff;
-
-        float sumf = 0;
-        for (uint i = gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x; i < pcs.ne00; i += gl_SubgroupSize) {
-            sumf += float(inA[x+i]) * float(inB[y+i]);
-        }
-
-        const float all_sum = subgroupAdd(sumf);
-        if (subgroupElect()) {
-            out_[im*pcs.ne1*pcs.ne0 + r1*pcs.ne0 + r0 + pcs.outOff] = all_sum;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_mat_f32.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_mat_f32.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index d1ca4ad6c25..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_mat_f32.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : require
-#extension GL_EXT_debug_printf : enable
-
-// device subgroup size
-layout (local_size_x_id = 0) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform parameter {
-  uint inAOff;
-  uint inBOff;
-  uint outOff;
-  int ne00;
-  int ne01;
-  int ne02;
-  int ne11;
-  int ne12;
-  uint nb01;
-  uint nb02;
-  uint nb11;
-  uint nb12;
-  uint nb1;
-  uint nb2;
-}
-pcs;
-
-
-void main() {
-  uvec3 gid = gl_WorkGroupID;
-
-  uint bc_ab = pcs.ne12 > pcs.ne02 ? gid.z / (pcs.ne12 / pcs.ne02) : gid.z;
-  uint bc_ba = pcs.ne02 > pcs.ne12 ? gid.z / (pcs.ne02 / pcs.ne12) : gid.z;
-
-  const uint x = (gid.x*pcs.nb01 + bc_ab*pcs.nb02) / 4 + pcs.inAOff; // Based from inA
-  const uint y = (gid.y*pcs.nb11 + bc_ba*pcs.nb12) / 4 + pcs.inBOff; // based from inB
-  float sum = 0.0f;
-  for (uint i = gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x; i < pcs.ne00; i += gl_SubgroupSize) {
-      sum += float(inA[x+i]) * float(inB[y+i]);
-  }
-
-  const float all_sum = subgroupAdd(sum);
-  if (subgroupElect()) {
-    out_[gid.z*(pcs.nb2/4) + gid.y*(pcs.nb1/4) + gid.x + pcs.outOff] = all_sum;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_0.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_0.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index b0cea8bbe67..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_0.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define BLOCKS_IN_QUANT QK4_0
-#define SIZE_OF_BLOCK sizeof_block_q4_0
-#define N_ROWS 4
-
-#include "op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp"
-
-// The q4_0 version of this function
-float block_q_n_dot_y(uint block_index, uint yb, uint il) {
-    vec2 acc = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
-    const uint index = (block_index) * SIZE_OF_BLOCK + pcs.inAOff;
-    float d = float(u8BufToFloat16(inA, index));
-    float sumy = 0.0f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < BLOCKS_IN_QUANT/4; i+=2) {
-        const uint16_t b = u8BufToU16(inA, index + 2 + il + i);
-
-        const float yl0 = inB[yb + i];
-        const float yl1 = inB[yb + i + 1];
-        const float yl8 = inB[yb + i + BLOCKS_IN_QUANT/2];
-        const float yl9 = inB[yb + i + BLOCKS_IN_QUANT/2 + 1];
-
-        sumy += yl0 + yl1 + yl8 + yl9;
-
-        acc[0] += yl0 * (b & 0x000F) + yl1 / 256.f * (b & 0x0F00);
-        acc[1] += yl8 / 16.f * (b & 0x00F0) + yl9 / 4096.f * (b & 0xF000);
-    }
-    return d * (sumy * -8.f + acc[0] + acc[1]);
-}
-
-#include "op_mul_mv_q_n.comp"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_1.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8582c61a3be..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_1.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define BLOCKS_IN_QUANT QK4_1
-#define SIZE_OF_BLOCK sizeof_block_q4_1
-#define N_ROWS 4
-
-#include "op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp"
-
-// The q4_1 version of this function
-float block_q_n_dot_y(uint block_index, uint yb, uint il) {
-    vec2 acc = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
-    const uint index = (block_index) * SIZE_OF_BLOCK + pcs.inAOff;
-    float d = float(u8BufToFloat16(inA, index));
-    float m = float(u8BufToFloat16(inA, index+2));
-
-    float sumy = 0.0f;
-    for (int i = 0; i < BLOCKS_IN_QUANT/4; i+=2) {
-        const uint16_t b = u8BufToU16(inA, index + 4 + il + i);
-
-        const float yl0 = inB[yb + i];
-        const float yl1 = inB[yb + i + 1];
-        const float yl8 = inB[yb + i + BLOCKS_IN_QUANT/2];
-        const float yl9 = inB[yb + i + BLOCKS_IN_QUANT/2 + 1];
-
-        sumy += yl0 + yl1 + yl8 + yl9;
-
-        acc[0] += yl0 * (b & 0x000F) + yl1 / 256.f * (b & 0x0F00);
-        acc[1] += yl8 / 16.f * (b & 0x00F0) + yl9 / 4096.f * (b & 0xF000);
-    }
-    return d * (acc[0] + acc[1]) + sumy * m;
-}
-
-#include "op_mul_mv_q_n.comp"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_k.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index a5752a3a006..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_k.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define N_DST 4
-#define SIZE_OF_BLOCK sizeof_block_q4_k
-
-layout(local_size_x = 4) in;
-layout(local_size_y = 8) in;
-layout(local_size_z = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { block_q4_k inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne10;
-    int ne0;
-    int ne1;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    int ne12;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    uint nb11;
-    uint nb12;
-    uint nb13;
-    uint r2;
-    uint r3;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint16_t kmask1 = uint16_t(0x3f3f);
-    const uint16_t kmask2 = uint16_t(0x0f0f);
-    const uint16_t kmask3 = uint16_t(0xc0c0);
-
-    const uint ix = gl_SubgroupInvocationID/8;  // 0...3
-    const uint it = gl_SubgroupInvocationID%8;  // 0...7
-    const uint iq = it/4;     // 0 or 1
-    const uint ir = it%4;     // 0...3
-
-    const uint nb = pcs.ne00/QK_K;
-
-    const uint r0 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const uint r1 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint im = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-
-    const uint first_row = r0 * N_DST;
-    const uint ib_row = first_row * nb;
-
-    const uint i12 = im%pcs.ne12;
-    const uint i13 = im/pcs.ne12;
-
-    const uint offset0 = first_row*(pcs.nb01/SIZE_OF_BLOCK) + (i12/pcs.r2)*(pcs.nb02/SIZE_OF_BLOCK) + (i13/pcs.r3)*(pcs.nb03/SIZE_OF_BLOCK);
-    const uint offset1 =        r1*pcs.nb11 + (i12       )*pcs.nb12 + (i13       )*pcs.nb13;
-
-    const uint xblk = offset0 + pcs.inAOff;
-    const uint y = (offset1 / 4) + pcs.inBOff;
-
-    float yl[16];
-    float yh[16];
-    float sumf[N_DST] = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
-    float all_sum = 0.f;
-
-    uint y4 = y + ix * QK_K + 64 * iq + 8 * ir;
-
-    for (uint ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += 4) {
-        const uint blk_idx = ib + xblk;
-
-        float sumy[4] = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
-        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
-            yl[i+0] = inB[y4+i+  0]; sumy[0] += yl[i+0];
-            yl[i+8] = inB[y4+i+ 32]; sumy[1] += yl[i+8];
-            yh[i+0] = inB[y4+i+128]; sumy[2] += yh[i+0];
-            yh[i+8] = inB[y4+i+160]; sumy[3] += yh[i+8];
-        }
-
-        for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; row++) {
-            uint row_idx = row * (pcs.nb01 / SIZE_OF_BLOCK);
-
-            uint16_t sc_0 = u8BufToU16(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].scales, iq * 2 + 0);
-            uint16_t sc_1 = u8BufToU16(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].scales, iq * 2 + 2);
-            uint16_t sc_2 = u8BufToU16(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].scales, iq * 2 + 4);
-            uint16_t sc_3 = u8BufToU16(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].scales, iq * 2 + 6);
-            uint16_t sc_4 = u8BufToU16(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].scales, iq * 2 + 8);
-
-            uint16_t sc16[4];
-            sc16[0] = sc_0 & kmask1;
-            sc16[1] = sc_2 & kmask1;
-            sc16[2] = ((sc_4 >> 0) & kmask2) | ((sc_0 & kmask3) >> 2);
-            sc16[3] = ((sc_4 >> 4) & kmask2) | ((sc_2 & kmask3) >> 2);
-
-            float acc1[4] = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
-            float acc2[4] = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
-            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
-                uint16_t q1 = u8BufToU16(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].qs, 32 * iq + 8 * ir + i);
-                uint16_t q2 = u8BufToU16(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].qs, 64 + 32 * iq + 8 * ir + i);
-                acc1[0] += yl[i+0] * (q1 & 0x000F);
-                acc1[1] += yl[i+1] * (q1 & 0x0F00);
-                acc1[2] += yl[i+8] * (q1 & 0x00F0);
-                acc1[3] += yl[i+9] * (q1 & 0xF000);
-                acc2[0] += yh[i+0] * (q2 & 0x000F);
-                acc2[1] += yh[i+1] * (q2 & 0x0F00);
-                acc2[2] += yh[i+8] * (q2 & 0x00F0);
-                acc2[3] += yh[i+9] * (q2 & 0xF000);
-            }
-
-            uint8_t sc8_0 = uint8_t(sc16[0] & 0xFF);
-            uint8_t sc8_1 = uint8_t(sc16[0] >> 8 );
-            uint8_t sc8_2 = uint8_t(sc16[1] & 0xFF);
-            uint8_t sc8_3 = uint8_t(sc16[1] >> 8 );
-            uint8_t sc8_4 = uint8_t(sc16[2] & 0xFF);
-            uint8_t sc8_5 = uint8_t(sc16[2] >> 8 );
-            uint8_t sc8_6 = uint8_t(sc16[3] & 0xFF);
-            uint8_t sc8_7 = uint8_t(sc16[3] >> 8 );
-
-            float dall = float(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].d);
-            float dmin = float(inA[blk_idx + row_idx].dmin);
-            sumf[row] += dall * ((acc1[0] + 1.f/256.f * acc1[1]) * sc8_0 +
-                               (acc1[2] + 1.f/256.f * acc1[3]) * sc8_1 * 1.f/16.f +
-                               (acc2[0] + 1.f/256.f * acc2[1]) * sc8_4 +
-                               (acc2[2] + 1.f/256.f * acc2[3]) * sc8_5 * 1.f/16.f) -
-                dmin * (sumy[0] * sc8_2 + sumy[1] * sc8_3 + sumy[2] * sc8_6 + sumy[3] * sc8_7);
-        }
-
-        y4 += 4 * QK_K;
-    }
-
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
-        all_sum = subgroupAdd(sumf[row]);
-        if (subgroupElect()) {
-            out_[r1*pcs.ne0 + im*pcs.ne0*pcs.ne1 + first_row + row + pcs.outOff] = all_sum;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q6_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q6_k.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index d331d1a7057..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q6_k.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define SIZE_OF_BLOCK sizeof_block_q6_k
-
-layout(local_size_x_id = 0) in;
-layout(local_size_y_id = 1) in;
-layout(local_size_z = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { uint8_t inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne10;
-    int ne0;
-    int ne1;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    int ne12;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    uint nb11;
-    uint nb12;
-    uint nb13;
-    uint r2;
-    uint r3;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint8_t kmask1 = uint8_t(0x03);
-    const uint8_t kmask2 = uint8_t(0x0C);
-    const uint8_t kmask3 = uint8_t(0x30);
-    const uint8_t kmask4 = uint8_t(0xC0);
-
-    const uint nb = pcs.ne00/QK_K;
-
-    const uint r0 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const uint r1 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint im = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-
-    const uint row = (r0 * gl_NumSubgroups + gl_SubgroupID);
-
-    const uint i12 = im%pcs.ne12;
-    const uint i13 = im/pcs.ne12;
-
-    const uint x = row*(pcs.nb01/SIZE_OF_BLOCK) + (i12/pcs.r2)*(pcs.nb02/SIZE_OF_BLOCK) + (i13/pcs.r3)*(pcs.nb03/SIZE_OF_BLOCK);
-    const uint yy = (r1*pcs.nb11 + i12*pcs.nb12 + i13*pcs.nb13) / 4 + pcs.inBOff;
-
-    float sumf = 0;
-
-    // bits of invocation ID for gl_SubgroupSize=32:
-    //  x   x   x   x   x
-    //  4   3   2   1   0
-    // (     tid     ) ix
-    //  ip (   il    )
-
-    const uint block_stride = gl_SubgroupSize / 16;         // number of blocks each subgroup processes
-    const uint tid  = gl_SubgroupInvocationID/block_stride; // first block_stride groups have tid=0
-    const uint ix   = gl_SubgroupInvocationID%block_stride; // first block is 0..block_stride-1
-    const uint ip   = tid/8;        // first or second half of block (0 or 1)
-    const uint il   = tid%8;        // each half has 8 parts, one per scale
-    const uint n    = 4;            // 4 scales at a time (and 4 sums)
-    const uint l0   = n*il;         // offset into half-block, 0..28
-    const uint is   = 8*ip + l0/16; // 0, 1, 8, 9
-
-    const uint y_offset = 128*ip + l0;
-    const uint q_offset_l = 64*ip + l0;
-    const uint q_offset_h = 32*ip + l0;
-
-    for (uint i = ix; i < nb; i += block_stride) {
-
-        const uint baseIndex = (x + i) * SIZE_OF_BLOCK + pcs.inAOff;
-
-        const uint qlIndex = q_offset_l;
-        const uint q2Index = qlIndex + QK_K/8;
-        const uint qhIndex = q_offset_h;
-        const uint y = yy + i * QK_K + y_offset;
-
-        float sums[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
-        for (uint l = 0; l < n; ++l) {
-            const uint8_t currentQ1 = inA[baseIndex + qlIndex + l];
-            const uint8_t currentQ2 = inA[baseIndex + q2Index + l];
-            const uint8_t currentQh = inA[baseIndex + QK_K/2 + qhIndex + l];
-
-            sums[0] += inB[y+l+ 0] * (int8_t((currentQ1 & 0xF) | ((currentQh & kmask1) << 4)) - 32);
-            sums[1] += inB[y+l+32] * (int8_t((currentQ2 & 0xF) | ((currentQh & kmask2) << 2)) - 32);
-            sums[2] += inB[y+l+64] * (int8_t((currentQ1  >> 4) | ((currentQh & kmask3) << 0)) - 32);
-            sums[3] += inB[y+l+96] * (int8_t((currentQ2  >> 4) | ((currentQh & kmask4) >> 2)) - 32);
-        }
-
-        float d = u8BufToFloat16(inA, baseIndex + QK_K/2 + QK_K/4 + QK_K/16);
-        sumf += d * (sums[0] * int8_t(inA[baseIndex + QK_K/2 + QK_K/4 + is]) + sums[1] * int8_t(inA[baseIndex + QK_K/2 + QK_K/4 + 2 + is]) + sums[2] * int8_t(inA[baseIndex + QK_K/2 + QK_K/4 + 4 + is]) + sums[3] * int8_t(inA[baseIndex + QK_K/2 + QK_K/4 + 6 + is]));
-    }
-
-    const float tot = subgroupAdd(sumf);
-    if (subgroupElect()) {
-        out_[r1*pcs.ne0 + im*pcs.ne0*pcs.ne1 + row + pcs.outOff] = tot;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q8_0.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q8_0.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 34d015e90b8..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q8_0.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#include "op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp"
-
-#define SIZE_OF_D 2
-
-#define N_DST 4 // each SIMD group works on 4 rows
-#define N_SIMDGROUP 2 // number of SIMD groups in a thread group
-#define N_SIMDWIDTH 32 // assuming SIMD group size is 32
-
-#define NB_Q8_0 8
-
-void main() {
-    // NB: hack to make compatible with AMD GPUs that have a subgroup size of 64
-    if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID > 31)
-        return;
-
-    const int nr  = N_DST;
-    const int nsg = N_SIMDGROUP;
-    const int nw  = N_SIMDWIDTH;
-
-    const int nb = pcs.ne00/QK8_0;
-    const uint r0 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const uint r1 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint im = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-
-    const uint first_row = (r0 * nsg + gl_SubgroupID) * nr;
-
-    const uint i12 = im%pcs.ne12;
-    const uint i13 = im/pcs.ne12;
-
-    const uint offset0 = first_row * nb + (i12/pcs.r2)*(nb*pcs.ne01) + (i13/pcs.r3)*(nb*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne02);
-
-    const uint x = offset0*sizeof_block_q8_0 + pcs.inAOff; // Based from inA
-    const uint y = r1*pcs.ne10 + im*pcs.ne00*pcs.ne1 + pcs.inBOff; // based from inB
-
-    float yl[NB_Q8_0];
-    float sumf[N_DST]={0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
-
-    const uint ix = gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x/4;
-    const uint il = gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x%4;
-
-    uint yb = y + ix * QK8_0 + NB_Q8_0*il;
-
-    // each thread in a SIMD group deals with NB_Q8_0 quants at a time
-    for (uint ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += nw/4) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < NB_Q8_0; ++i) {
-            yl[i] = inB[yb + i];
-        }
-
-        for (int row = 0; row < nr; row++) {
-            const uint block_offset = (ib+row*nb) * sizeof_block_q8_0;
-            float sumq = 0.f;
-            for (int iq = 0; iq < NB_Q8_0; ++iq) {
-                const int8_t qs_iq = int8_t(inA[x + block_offset + SIZE_OF_D + NB_Q8_0*il + iq]);
-                sumq += qs_iq * yl[iq];
-            }
-            const float16_t d = u8BufToFloat16(inA, x + block_offset);
-            sumf[row] += sumq*d;
-        }
-
-        yb += NB_Q8_0 * nw;
-    }
-
-    for (int row = 0; row < nr; ++row) {
-        const float tot = subgroupAdd(sumf[row]);
-        if (subgroupElect() && first_row + row < pcs.ne01) {
-            out_[r1*pcs.ne0 + im*pcs.ne0*pcs.ne1 + first_row + row] = tot;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index a6517cc1f19..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-void main() {
-    // NB: hack to make compatible with AMD GPUs that have a subgroup size of 64
-    if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID > 31)
-        return;
-
-    const uint nb = uint(pcs.ne00/BLOCKS_IN_QUANT);
-
-    const uint r0 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const uint r1 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint im = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-
-    const uint first_row = (r0 * gl_NumSubgroups + gl_SubgroupID) * N_ROWS;
-
-    const uint i12 = im%pcs.ne12;
-    const uint i13 = im/pcs.ne12;
-
-    // pointers to src0 rows
-    uint ax[N_ROWS];
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_ROWS; ++row) {
-        const uint offset0 = (first_row + row)*(pcs.nb01/SIZE_OF_BLOCK) + (i12/pcs.r2)*(pcs.nb02/SIZE_OF_BLOCK) + (i13/pcs.r3)*(pcs.nb03/SIZE_OF_BLOCK);
-
-        ax[row] = offset0 + pcs.inAOff;
-    }
-
-    const uint y = (r1*pcs.nb11 + i12*pcs.nb12 + i13*pcs.nb13) / 4 + pcs.inBOff;
-
-    float sumf[N_ROWS] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
-
-    const uint ix = gl_SubgroupInvocationID/2;
-    const uint il = (BLOCKS_IN_QUANT/4)*(gl_SubgroupInvocationID%2);
-
-    uint yb = y + ix * BLOCKS_IN_QUANT + il;
-
-    //debugPrintfEXT("gl_NumSubgroups=%d, gl_SubgroupID=%d, gl_SubgroupInvocationID=%d, glSubgroupSize=%d, gl_WorkGroupSize.x=%d, gl_WorkGroupSize.y=%d, gl_WorkGroupSize.z=%d\n",
-    //    gl_NumSubgroups, gl_SubgroupID, gl_SubgroupInvocationID, gl_SubgroupSize,
-    //    gl_WorkGroupSize.x, gl_WorkGroupSize.y, gl_WorkGroupSize.z);
-
-    for (uint ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += 16) {
-        for (int row = 0; row < N_ROWS; row++) {
-            sumf[row] += block_q_n_dot_y(ax[row] + ib, yb, il);
-        }
-
-        yb += BLOCKS_IN_QUANT * 16;
-    }
-
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_ROWS; ++row) {
-        const float tot = subgroupAdd(sumf[row]);
-        if (first_row + row < pcs.ne01 && subgroupElect()) {
-            out_[r1*pcs.ne0 + im*pcs.ne0*pcs.ne1 + first_row + row + pcs.outOff] = tot;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index a9a2f22180f..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-layout(local_size_x_id = 0) in;
-layout(local_size_y = 8) in;
-layout(local_size_z = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer tensorInA { uint8_t inA[]; };
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int  ne00;
-    int  ne01;
-    int  ne02;
-    int  ne10;
-    int  ne12;
-    int  ne0;
-    int  ne1;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    uint nb11;
-    uint nb12;
-    uint nb13;
-    uint r2;
-    uint r3;
-} pcs;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_norm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_norm.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index ad0c3c01b9d..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_norm.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 256) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    uint ne00;
-    uint nb01;
-    float eps;
-} pcs;
-
-shared float sum[gl_WorkGroupSize.x];
-
-void main() {
-    const uint x = (gl_WorkGroupID.x*pcs.nb01/4) + pcs.inOff; // Based from in_
-    // MEAN
-    // parallel sum
-    sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] = 0.0;
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] += in_[x+i00];
-    }
-
-    // reduce
-    barrier();
-    memoryBarrierShared();
-    [[unroll]] for (uint i = gl_WorkGroupSize.x/2; i > 0; i /= 2) {
-        if (gl_LocalInvocationID.x < i) {
-            sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] += sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x + i];
-        }
-        barrier();
-        memoryBarrierShared();
-    }
-
-    // broadcast
-    if (gl_LocalInvocationID.x == 0) {
-        sum[0] /= float(pcs.ne00);
-    }
-    barrier();
-    memoryBarrierShared();
-    const float mean = sum[0];
-
-    // recenter
-    const uint y = (gl_WorkGroupID.x*pcs.ne00) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        out_[y+i00] = in_[x+i00] - mean;
-    }
-
-    // VARIANCE
-    // parallel sum
-    sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] = 0.0;
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] += out_[y+i00] * out_[y+i00];
-    }
-
-    // reduce
-    barrier();
-    memoryBarrierShared();
-    [[unroll]] for (uint i = gl_WorkGroupSize.x/2; i > 0; i /= 2) {
-        if (gl_LocalInvocationID.x < i) {
-            sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] += sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x + i];
-        }
-        barrier();
-        memoryBarrierShared();
-    }
-
-    // broadcast
-    if (gl_LocalInvocationID.x == 0) {
-        sum[0] /= float(pcs.ne00);
-    }
-    barrier();
-    memoryBarrierShared();
-    const float variance = sum[0];
-
-    const float scale = 1.0f/sqrt(variance + pcs.eps);
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        out_[y+i00] *= scale;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_relu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_relu.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 52a601fe6da..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_relu.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint baseIndex = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 4;
-
-    for (uint x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-        const uint i = baseIndex + x;
-        out_[i + pcs.outOff] = max(0.0, in_[i + pcs.inOff]);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rmsnorm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rmsnorm.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index da658c1601e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rmsnorm.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 512) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    uint ne00;
-    uint nb01;
-    float eps;
-} pcs;
-
-shared float sum[gl_WorkGroupSize.x];
-
-void main() {
-    const uint x = (gl_WorkGroupID.x*pcs.nb01/4) + pcs.inOff; // Based from in_
-
-    // parallel sum
-    sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] = 0.0;
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] += in_[x+i00] * in_[x+i00];
-    }
-
-    // reduce
-    barrier();
-    memoryBarrierShared();
-    [[unroll]] for (uint i = gl_WorkGroupSize.x/2; i > 0; i /= 2) {
-        if (gl_LocalInvocationID.x < i) {
-            sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x] += sum[gl_LocalInvocationID.x + i];
-        }
-        barrier();
-        memoryBarrierShared();
-    }
-
-    // broadcast
-    if (gl_LocalInvocationID.x == 0) {
-        sum[0] /= float(pcs.ne00);
-    }
-    barrier();
-    memoryBarrierShared();
-
-    const float scale = 1.0f/sqrt(sum[0] + pcs.eps);
-
-    const uint y = (gl_WorkGroupID.x*pcs.ne00) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-    for (uint i00 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        out_[y+i00] = in_[x+i00] * scale;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f16.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f16.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 63659cbfe55..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f16.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "rope_common.comp"
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInA { float16_t inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInB { int       inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInC { float     inC[]; };
-layout(binding = 3) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float16_t out_[]; };
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i1 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    float corr_dims[2];
-    rope_yarn_corr_dims(pcs.n_dims, pcs.n_ctx_orig, pcs.freq_base, pcs.beta_fast, pcs.beta_slow, corr_dims);
-
-    const float theta_scale = pow(pcs.freq_base, -2.0/pcs.n_dims);
-
-    float theta_base = float(inB[pcs.inBOff + i2]);
-    float inv_ndims = -1.f/pcs.n_dims;
-
-    float cos_theta;
-    float sin_theta;
-
-    for (uint i0 = 2*gl_LocalInvocationIndex; i0 < pcs.ne0; i0 += 2*gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        if (i0 < pcs.n_dims) {
-            uint ic = i0/2;
-
-            float theta = theta_base * pow(pcs.freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
-
-            const float freq_factor = pcs.has_freq_factors ? inC[pcs.inCOff + ic] : 1.0f;
-
-            rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, pcs.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, pcs.ext_factor, pcs.attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + ic*pcs.nb00) / 2) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + ic*pcs.nb0)  / 2) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            const float x0 = float(inA[src]);
-            const float x1 = float(inA[src+pcs.n_dims/2]);
-
-            out_[dst_data]              = float16_t(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-            out_[dst_data+pcs.n_dims/2] = float16_t(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
-        } else {
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + i0*pcs.nb00) / 2) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + i0*pcs.nb0)  / 2) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            out_[dst_data]   = inA[src];
-            out_[dst_data+1] = inA[src+1];
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f32.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f32.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4df56204d72..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_neox_f32.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "rope_common.comp"
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInB { int       inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInC { float inC[]; };
-layout(binding = 3) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i1 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    float corr_dims[2];
-    rope_yarn_corr_dims(pcs.n_dims, pcs.n_ctx_orig, pcs.freq_base, pcs.beta_fast, pcs.beta_slow, corr_dims);
-
-    const float theta_scale = pow(pcs.freq_base, -2.0/pcs.n_dims);
-
-    float theta_base = float(inB[pcs.inBOff + i2]);
-    float inv_ndims = -1.f/pcs.n_dims;
-
-    float cos_theta;
-    float sin_theta;
-
-    for (uint i0 = 2*gl_LocalInvocationIndex; i0 < pcs.ne0; i0 += 2*gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        if (i0 < pcs.n_dims) {
-            uint ic = i0/2;
-
-            float theta = theta_base * pow(pcs.freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
-
-            const float freq_factor = pcs.has_freq_factors ? inC[pcs.inCOff + ic] : 1.0f;
-
-            rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, pcs.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, pcs.ext_factor, pcs.attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + ic*pcs.nb00) / 4) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + ic*pcs.nb0)  / 4) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            const float x0 = inA[src];
-            const float x1 = inA[src+pcs.n_dims/2];
-
-            out_[dst_data]              = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-            out_[dst_data+pcs.n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
-        } else {
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + i0*pcs.nb00) / 4) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + i0*pcs.nb0)  / 4) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            out_[dst_data]   = inA[src];
-            out_[dst_data+1] = inA[src+1];
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f16.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f16.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index a3c0eda8bd3..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f16.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "rope_common.comp"
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInA { float16_t inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInB { int       inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInC { float     inC[]; };
-layout(binding = 3) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float16_t out_[]; };
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i1 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    float corr_dims[2];
-    rope_yarn_corr_dims(pcs.n_dims, pcs.n_ctx_orig, pcs.freq_base, pcs.beta_fast, pcs.beta_slow, corr_dims);
-
-    const float theta_scale = pow(pcs.freq_base, -2.0/pcs.n_dims);
-
-    float theta_base = float(inB[pcs.inBOff + i2]);
-    float inv_ndims = -1.f/pcs.n_dims;
-
-    float cos_theta;
-    float sin_theta;
-
-    for (uint i0 = 2*gl_LocalInvocationIndex; i0 < pcs.ne0; i0 += 2*gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        if (i0 < pcs.n_dims) {
-            uint ic = i0/2;
-
-            float theta = theta_base * pow(pcs.freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
-
-            const float freq_factor = pcs.has_freq_factors ? inC[pcs.inCOff + ic] : 1.0f;
-
-            rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, pcs.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, pcs.ext_factor, pcs.attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + i0*pcs.nb00) / 2) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + i0*pcs.nb0)  / 2) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            const float x0 = float(inA[src]);
-            const float x1 = float(inA[src+1]);
-
-            out_[dst_data]   = float16_t(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-            out_[dst_data+1] = float16_t(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
-        } else {
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + i0*pcs.nb00) / 2) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + i0*pcs.nb0)  / 2) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            out_[dst_data]   = inA[src];
-            out_[dst_data+1] = inA[src+1];
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f32.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f32.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index b7963ae7253..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_rope_norm_f32.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "rope_common.comp"
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInB { int   inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict readonly  tensorInC { float inC[]; };
-layout(binding = 3) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i1 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    float corr_dims[2];
-    rope_yarn_corr_dims(pcs.n_dims, pcs.n_ctx_orig, pcs.freq_base, pcs.beta_fast, pcs.beta_slow, corr_dims);
-
-    const float theta_scale = pow(pcs.freq_base, -2.0/pcs.n_dims);
-
-    float theta_base = float(inB[pcs.inBOff + i2]);
-    float inv_ndims = -1.f/pcs.n_dims;
-
-    float cos_theta;
-    float sin_theta;
-
-    for (uint i0 = 2*gl_LocalInvocationIndex; i0 < pcs.ne0; i0 += 2*gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        if (i0 < pcs.n_dims) {
-            uint ic = i0/2;
-
-            float theta = theta_base * pow(pcs.freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
-
-            const float freq_factor = pcs.has_freq_factors ? inC[pcs.inCOff + ic] : 1.0f;
-
-            rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, pcs.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, pcs.ext_factor, pcs.attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + i0*pcs.nb00) / 4) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + i0*pcs.nb0)  / 4) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            const float x0 = inA[src];
-            const float x1 = inA[src+1];
-
-            out_[dst_data]   = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
-            out_[dst_data+1] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
-        } else {
-            const uint src      = uint((i3*pcs.nb03 + i2*pcs.nb02 + i1*pcs.nb01 + i0*pcs.nb00) / 4) + pcs.inAOff; // Based from in
-            const uint dst_data = uint((i3*pcs.nb3  + i2*pcs.nb2  + i1*pcs.nb1  + i0*pcs.nb0)  / 4) + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-            out_[dst_data]   = inA[src];
-            out_[dst_data+1] = inA[src+1];
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_scale.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_scale.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index bdae2673820..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_scale.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    float scale;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    out_[i + pcs.outOff] = in_[i + pcs.inOff] * pcs.scale;
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_scale_8.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_scale_8.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index ada69754b2c..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_scale_8.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    float scale;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint baseIndex = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 8;
-
-    for (uint x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
-        const uint i = baseIndex + x;
-        out_[i + pcs.outOff] = in_[i + pcs.inOff] * pcs.scale;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_silu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_silu.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fb8e4b7405..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_silu.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorIn { float in_[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inOff;
-    uint outOff;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    const uint baseIndex = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 4;
-
-    for (uint x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-        const uint i = baseIndex + x;
-        const float y = in_[i + pcs.inOff];
-        out_[i + pcs.outOff] = y / (1.0 + exp(-y));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_softmax.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_softmax.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4165295bf4b..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/op_softmax.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-// TODO: implement multi-simd softmax (llama.cpp commit e16b9fa4)
-
-#version 450
-
-#include "common.comp"
-
-layout(local_size_x_id = 0) in;
-
-layout(binding = 0) buffer restrict readonly tensorInA { float inA[]; };
-layout(binding = 1) buffer restrict readonly tensorInB { float inB[]; };
-layout(binding = 2) buffer restrict writeonly tensorOut { float out_[]; };
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int ne00;
-    int ne01;
-    int ne02;
-    float scale;
-    float max_bias;
-    float m0;
-    float m1;
-    uint n_head_log2;
-    int mask;
-} pcs;
-
-void main() {
-    if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID > 31)
-        return;
-
-    const uint i03 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-    const uint i02 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
-    const uint i01 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-
-    const uint extra_off = i03*pcs.ne02*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + i02*pcs.ne01*pcs.ne00 + i01*pcs.ne00;
-    const uint psrc0 = extra_off + pcs.inAOff; // Based from inA
-    const uint pmask = i01*pcs.ne00 + pcs.inBOff; // Based from inB
-    const uint pdst = extra_off + pcs.outOff; // Based from out_
-
-    float slope = 1.0f;
-
-    // ALiBi
-    if (pcs.max_bias > 0.0f) {
-        int64_t h = i02;
-
-        float base = h < pcs.n_head_log2 ? pcs.m0 : pcs.m1;
-        int64_t exp = h < pcs.n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - pcs.n_head_log2) + 1;
-
-        slope = pow(base, float(exp));
-    }
-
-    // parallel max
-    float localMax = uintBitsToFloat(0xFF800000);
-    for (uint i00 = gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += 32) {
-        localMax = max(localMax, inA[psrc0 + i00]*pcs.scale + (pcs.mask!=0 ? slope*inB[pmask + i00] : 0.0f));
-    }
-    float max_ = subgroupMax(localMax);
-
-    // parallel sum
-    float localSum = 0.0f;
-    for (uint i00 = gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += 32) {
-        const float exp_psrc0 = exp(inA[psrc0 + i00]*pcs.scale + (pcs.mask!=0 ? slope*inB[pmask + i00] : 0.0f) - max_);
-        localSum += exp_psrc0;
-        out_[pdst + i00] = exp_psrc0;
-    }
-
-    const float sum = subgroupAdd(localSum);
-    for (uint i00 = gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x; i00 < pcs.ne00; i00 += 32) {
-        out_[pdst + i00] /= sum;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/rope_common.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/rope_common.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fca640dcc2..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-kompute/kompute-shaders/rope_common.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.comp"
-
-#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX 2
-
-// TODO: use a local size of 32 or more (Metal uses 1024)
-layout(local_size_x = 1) in;
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint inAOff;
-    uint inBOff;
-    uint inCOff;
-    uint outOff;
-    int n_dims;
-    int mode;
-    int n_ctx_orig;
-    float freq_base;
-    float freq_scale;
-    bool has_freq_factors;
-    float ext_factor;
-    float attn_factor;
-    float beta_fast;
-    float beta_slow;
-    uint nb00;
-    uint nb01;
-    uint nb02;
-    uint nb03;
-    int ne0;
-    uint nb0;
-    uint nb1;
-    uint nb2;
-    uint nb3;
-} pcs;
-
-float rope_yarn_ramp(const float low, const float high, const float i0) {
-    const float y = (i0 / 2 - low) / max(0.001f, high - low);
-    return 1.0f - min(1.0f, max(0.0f, y));
-}
-
-// YaRN algorithm based on LlamaYaRNScaledRotaryEmbedding.py from https://github.com/jquesnelle/yarn
-// MIT licensed. Copyright (c) 2023 Jeffrey Quesnelle and Bowen Peng.
-void rope_yarn(
-    float theta_extrap, float freq_scale, float corr_dims[2], float i0, float ext_factor, float mscale,
-    out float cos_theta, out float sin_theta
-) {
-    // Get n-d rotational scaling corrected for extrapolation
-    float theta_interp = freq_scale * theta_extrap;
-    float theta = theta_interp;
-    if (ext_factor != 0.0f) {
-        float ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp(corr_dims[0], corr_dims[1], i0) * ext_factor;
-        theta = theta_interp * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
-
-        // Get n-d magnitude scaling corrected for interpolation
-        mscale *= 1.0f + 0.1f * log(1.0f / freq_scale);
-    }
-    cos_theta = cos(theta) * mscale;
-    sin_theta = sin(theta) * mscale;
-}
-
-// Apparently solving `n_rot = 2pi * x * base^((2 * max_pos_emb) / n_dims)` for x, we get
-// `corr_fac(n_rot) = n_dims * log(max_pos_emb / (n_rot * 2pi)) / (2 * log(base))`
-float rope_yarn_corr_factor(int n_dims, int n_ctx_orig, float n_rot, float base) {
-    return n_dims * log(n_ctx_orig / (n_rot * TWOPI_F)) / (2 * log(base));
-}
-
-void rope_yarn_corr_dims(
-    int n_dims, int n_ctx_orig, float freq_base, float beta_fast, float beta_slow, out float dims[2]
-) {
-    // start and end correction dims
-    dims[0] = max(0.0f,         floor(rope_yarn_corr_factor(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, beta_fast, freq_base)));
-    dims[1] = min(n_dims - 1.0f, ceil(rope_yarn_corr_factor(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, beta_slow, freq_base)));
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/CMakeLists.txt
index 77187efc175..42054d841aa 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ find_library(METALKIT_FRAMEWORK MetalKit   REQUIRED)
 message(STATUS "Metal framework found")
 
 ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-metal
-                         ggml-metal.m
+                         ggml-metal.cpp
+                         ggml-metal-device.m
+                         ggml-metal-device.cpp
+                         ggml-metal-common.cpp
+                         ggml-metal-context.m
+                         ggml-metal-ops.cpp
                         )
 
 target_link_libraries(ggml-metal PRIVATE
@@ -18,15 +23,6 @@ if (GGML_METAL_NDEBUG)
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_METAL_NDEBUG)
 endif()
 
-if (GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-    add_compile_definitions(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-endif()
-
-# copy metal files to bin directory
-configure_file(../ggml-common.h  ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-common.h     COPYONLY)
-configure_file(ggml-metal.metal  ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-metal.metal  COPYONLY)
-configure_file(ggml-metal-impl.h ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-metal-impl.h COPYONLY)
-
 set(METALLIB_COMMON "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../ggml-common.h")
 if (GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY)
     enable_language(ASM)
@@ -36,12 +32,12 @@ if (GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY)
     set(METALLIB_SOURCE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ggml-metal.metal")
     set(METALLIB_IMPL   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ggml-metal-impl.h")
 
-    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated")
+    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated")
 
     # merge ggml-common.h and ggml-metal.metal into a single file
-    set(METALLIB_EMBED_ASM        "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated/ggml-metal-embed.s")
-    set(METALLIB_SOURCE_EMBED     "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated/ggml-metal-embed.metal")
-    set(METALLIB_SOURCE_EMBED_TMP "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated/ggml-metal-embed.metal.tmp")
+    set(METALLIB_EMBED_ASM        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated/ggml-metal-embed.s")
+    set(METALLIB_SOURCE_EMBED     "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated/ggml-metal-embed.metal")
+    set(METALLIB_SOURCE_EMBED_TMP "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/autogenerated/ggml-metal-embed.metal.tmp")
 
     add_custom_command(
         OUTPUT "${METALLIB_EMBED_ASM}"
@@ -61,6 +57,11 @@ if (GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY)
 
     target_sources(ggml-metal PRIVATE "${METALLIB_EMBED_ASM}")
 else()
+    # copy metal files to bin directory
+    configure_file(../ggml-common.h  ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-common.h     COPYONLY)
+    configure_file(ggml-metal.metal  ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-metal.metal  COPYONLY)
+    configure_file(ggml-metal-impl.h ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-metal-impl.h COPYONLY)
+
     if (GGML_METAL_SHADER_DEBUG)
         # custom command to do the following:
         #   xcrun -sdk macosx metal    -fno-fast-math -c ggml-metal.metal -o ggml-metal.air
@@ -70,8 +71,10 @@ else()
         #       disabling fast math is needed in order to pass tests/test-backend-ops
         # note: adding -fno-inline fixes the tests when using MTL_SHADER_VALIDATION=1
         # note: unfortunately, we have to call it default.metallib instead of ggml.metallib
-        #       ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/issues/1720
-        set(XC_FLAGS -fno-fast-math -fno-inline -g)
+        #       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/issues/1720
+        # note: adding -g causes segmentation fault during compile
+        #set(XC_FLAGS -fno-fast-math -fno-inline -g)
+        set(XC_FLAGS -fno-fast-math -fno-inline)
     else()
         set(XC_FLAGS -O3)
     endif()
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ else()
     add_custom_command(
         OUTPUT ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/default.metallib
         COMMAND xcrun -sdk macosx metal ${XC_FLAGS} -c ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-metal.metal -o - |
-            xcrun -sdk macosx metallib - -o ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/default.metallib
+                xcrun -sdk macosx metallib        - -o ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/default.metallib
         COMMAND rm -f ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-common.h
         COMMAND rm -f ${CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/ggml-metal.metal
         DEPENDS ggml-metal.metal ${METALLIB_COMMON}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-common.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-common.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2eb9820bff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-common.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+#include "ggml-metal-common.h"
+
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+// represents a memory range (i.e. an interval from a starting address p0 to an ending address p1 in a given buffer pb)
+// the type indicates whether it is a source range (i.e. ops read data from it) or a destination range (i.e. ops write data to it)
+struct ggml_mem_range {
+    uint64_t pb; // buffer id
+
+    uint64_t p0; // begin
+    uint64_t p1; // end
+
+    ggml_mem_range_type pt;
+};
+
+struct ggml_mem_ranges {
+    std::vector<ggml_mem_range> ranges;
+
+    int debug = 0;
+};
+
+ggml_mem_ranges_t ggml_mem_ranges_init(int debug) {
+    auto * res = new ggml_mem_ranges;
+
+    res->ranges.reserve(256);
+    res->debug = debug;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_mem_ranges_free(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs) {
+    delete mrs;
+}
+
+void ggml_mem_ranges_reset(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs) {
+    mrs->ranges.clear();
+}
+
+static bool ggml_mem_ranges_add(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, ggml_mem_range mr) {
+    mrs->ranges.push_back(mr);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static ggml_mem_range ggml_mem_range_from_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, ggml_mem_range_type pt) {
+    // always use the base tensor
+    tensor = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src : tensor;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!tensor->view_src);
+
+    ggml_mem_range mr;
+
+    if (tensor->buffer) {
+        // when the tensor is allocated, use the actual memory address range in the buffer
+        //
+        // take the actual allocated size with ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size()
+        // this can be larger than the tensor size if the buffer type allocates extra memory
+        // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15966
+        mr = {
+            /*.pb =*/ (uint64_t) tensor->buffer,
+            /*.p0 =*/ (uint64_t) tensor->data,
+            /*.p1 =*/ (uint64_t) tensor->data + ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(tensor->buffer->buft, tensor),
+            /*.pt =*/ pt,
+        };
+    } else {
+        // otherwise, the pointer address is used as an unique id of the memory ranges
+        //   that the tensor will be using when it is allocated
+        mr = {
+            /*.pb =*/ (uint64_t) tensor,
+            /*.p0 =*/ 0,    //
+            /*.p1 =*/ 1024, // [0, 1024) is a dummy range, not used
+            /*.pt =*/ pt,
+        };
+    };
+
+    return mr;
+}
+
+static ggml_mem_range ggml_mem_range_from_tensor_src(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return ggml_mem_range_from_tensor(tensor, MEM_RANGE_TYPE_SRC);
+}
+
+static ggml_mem_range ggml_mem_range_from_tensor_dst(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return ggml_mem_range_from_tensor(tensor, MEM_RANGE_TYPE_DST);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_mem_ranges_add_src(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
+
+    ggml_mem_range mr = ggml_mem_range_from_tensor_src(tensor);
+
+    if (mrs->debug > 2) {
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: add src range buf=%lld, [%lld, %lld)\n", __func__, mr.pb, mr.p0, mr.p1);
+    }
+
+    return ggml_mem_ranges_add(mrs, mr);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_mem_ranges_add_dst(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
+
+    ggml_mem_range mr = ggml_mem_range_from_tensor_dst(tensor);
+
+    if (mrs->debug > 2) {
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: add dst range buf=%lld, [%lld, %lld)\n", __func__, mr.pb, mr.p0, mr.p1);
+    }
+
+    return ggml_mem_ranges_add(mrs, mr);
+}
+
+bool ggml_mem_ranges_add(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (tensor->src[i]) {
+            ggml_mem_ranges_add_src(mrs, tensor->src[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ggml_mem_ranges_add_dst(mrs, tensor);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_mem_ranges_check(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, ggml_mem_range mr) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mrs->ranges.size(); i++) {
+        const auto & cmp = mrs->ranges[i];
+
+        // two memory ranges cannot intersect if they are in different buffers
+        if (mr.pb != cmp.pb) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // intersecting source ranges are allowed
+        if (mr.pt == MEM_RANGE_TYPE_SRC && cmp.pt == MEM_RANGE_TYPE_SRC) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (mr.p0 < cmp.p1 && mr.p1 >= cmp.p0) {
+            if (mrs->debug > 2) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: the %s range buf=%lld, [%lld, %lld) overlaps with a previous %s range buf=%lld, [%lld, %lld)\n",
+                        __func__,
+                        mr.pt == MEM_RANGE_TYPE_SRC ? "src" : "dst",
+                        mr.pb, mr.p0, mr.p1,
+                        cmp.pt == MEM_RANGE_TYPE_SRC ? "src" : "dst",
+                        cmp.pb, cmp.p0, cmp.p1);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_mem_ranges_check_src(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
+
+    ggml_mem_range mr = ggml_mem_range_from_tensor_src(tensor);
+
+    const bool res = ggml_mem_ranges_check(mrs, mr);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_mem_ranges_check_dst(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
+
+    ggml_mem_range mr = ggml_mem_range_from_tensor_dst(tensor);
+
+    const bool res = ggml_mem_ranges_check(mrs, mr);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+bool ggml_mem_ranges_check(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (tensor->src[i]) {
+            if (!ggml_mem_ranges_check_src(mrs, tensor->src[i])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ggml_mem_ranges_check_dst(mrs, tensor);
+}
+
+struct node_info {
+    ggml_tensor * node;
+
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> fused;
+
+    ggml_op op() const {
+        return node->op;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * dst() const {
+        return fused.empty() ? node : fused.back();
+    }
+
+    bool is_empty() const {
+        return ggml_op_is_empty(node->op);
+    }
+
+    void add_fused(ggml_tensor * t) {
+        fused.push_back(t);
+    }
+};
+
+static std::vector<int> ggml_metal_graph_optimize_reorder(const std::vector<node_info> & nodes) {
+    // helper to add node src and dst ranges
+    const auto & h_add = [](ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const node_info & node) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            if (node.node->src[i]) {
+                if (!ggml_mem_ranges_add_src(mrs, node.node->src[i])) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // keep track of the sources of the fused nodes as well
+        for (const auto * fused : node.fused) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+                if (fused->src[i]) {
+                    if (!ggml_mem_ranges_add_src(mrs, fused->src[i])) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ggml_mem_ranges_add_dst(mrs, node.dst());
+    };
+
+    // helper to check if a node can run concurrently with the existing set of nodes
+    const auto & h_check = [](ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const node_info & node) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            if (node.node->src[i]) {
+                if (!ggml_mem_ranges_check_src(mrs, node.node->src[i])) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const auto * fused : node.fused) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+                if (fused->src[i]) {
+                    if (!ggml_mem_ranges_check_src(mrs, fused->src[i])) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ggml_mem_ranges_check_dst(mrs, node.dst());
+    };
+
+    // perform reorders only across these types of ops
+    // can be expanded when needed
+    const auto & h_safe = [](ggml_op op) {
+        switch (op) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            case GGML_OP_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+            case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+            case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
+            case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            case GGML_OP_MUL:
+            case GGML_OP_ADD:
+            case GGML_OP_SUB:
+            case GGML_OP_DIV:
+            case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            case GGML_OP_SET:
+            case GGML_OP_CPY:
+            case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return ggml_op_is_empty(op);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const int n = nodes.size();
+
+    std::vector<int> res;
+    res.reserve(n);
+
+    std::vector<bool> used(n, false);
+
+    // the memory ranges for the set of currently concurrent nodes
+    ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs0 = ggml_mem_ranges_init(0);
+
+    // the memory ranges for the set of nodes that haven't been processed yet, when looking forward for a node to reorder
+    ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs1 = ggml_mem_ranges_init(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0++) {
+        if (used[i0]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const auto & node0 = nodes[i0];
+
+        // the node is not concurrent with the existing concurrent set, so we have to "put a barrier" (i.e reset mrs0)
+        // but before we do that, look forward for some other nodes that can be added to the concurrent set mrs0
+        //
+        // note: we can always add empty nodes to the concurrent set as they don't read nor write anything
+        if (!node0.is_empty() && !h_check(mrs0, node0)) {
+            // this will hold the set of memory ranges from the nodes that haven't been processed yet
+            // if a node is not concurrent with this set, we cannot reorder it
+            ggml_mem_ranges_reset(mrs1);
+
+            // initialize it with the current node
+            h_add(mrs1, node0);
+
+            // that many nodes forward to search for a concurrent node
+            constexpr int N_FORWARD = 64;
+
+            for (int i1 = i0 + 1; i1 < i0 + N_FORWARD && i1 < n; i1++) {
+                if (used[i1]) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const auto & node1 = nodes[i1];
+
+                // disallow reordering of certain ops
+                if (!h_safe(node1.op())) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                const bool is_empty = node1.is_empty();
+
+                // to reorder a node and add it to the concurrent set, it has to be:
+                //   + empty or concurrent with all nodes in the existing concurrent set (mrs0)
+                //   + concurrent with all nodes prior to it that haven't been processed yet (mrs1)
+                if ((is_empty || h_check(mrs0, node1)) && h_check(mrs1, node1)) {
+                    // add the node to the existing concurrent set (i.e. reorder it for early execution)
+                    h_add(mrs0, node1);
+                    res.push_back(i1);
+
+                    // mark as used, so we skip re-processing it later
+                    used[i1] = true;
+                } else {
+                    // expand the set of nodes that haven't been processed yet
+                    h_add(mrs1, node1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // finalize the concurrent set and begin a new one
+            ggml_mem_ranges_reset(mrs0);
+        }
+
+        // expand the concurrent set with the current node
+        {
+            h_add(mrs0, node0);
+            res.push_back(i0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ggml_mem_ranges_free(mrs0);
+    ggml_mem_ranges_free(mrs1);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_graph_optimize(ggml_cgraph * gf) {
+    constexpr int MAX_FUSE = 16;
+
+    const int n = gf->n_nodes;
+
+    enum ggml_op ops[MAX_FUSE];
+
+    std::vector<node_info> nodes;
+    nodes.reserve(gf->n_nodes);
+
+    // fuse nodes:
+    // we don't want to make reorders that break fusing, so we first pack all fusable tensors
+    //   and perform the reorder over the fused nodes. after the reorder is done, we unfuse
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        node_info node = {
+            /*.node =*/ gf->nodes[i],
+            /*.fused =*/ {},
+        };
+
+        // fuse only ops that start with these operations
+        // can be expanded when needed
+        if (node.op() == GGML_OP_ADD ||
+            node.op() == GGML_OP_NORM ||
+            node.op() == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+            ops[0] = node.op();
+
+            int f = i + 1;
+            while (f < n && f < i + MAX_FUSE) {
+                // conservatively allow fusing only these ops
+                // can be expanded when needed
+                if (gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_ADD &&
+                    gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_MUL &&
+                    gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_NORM &&
+                    gf->nodes[f]->op != GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                ops[f - i] = gf->nodes[f]->op;
+                f++;
+            }
+
+            f -= i;
+            for (; f > 1; f--) {
+                if (ggml_can_fuse(gf, i, ops, f)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add the fused tensors into the node info so we can unfuse them later
+            for (int k = 1; k < f; k++) {
+                ++i;
+
+                // the .dst() becomes the last fused tensor
+                node.add_fused(gf->nodes[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        nodes.push_back(std::move(node));
+    }
+
+#if 1
+    // reorder to improve concurrency
+    const auto order = ggml_metal_graph_optimize_reorder(nodes);
+#else
+    std::vector<int> order(nodes.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i++) {
+        order[i] = i;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // unfuse
+    {
+        int j = 0;
+        for (const auto i : order) {
+            const auto & node = nodes[i];
+
+            gf->nodes[j++] = node.node;
+
+            for (auto * fused : node.fused) {
+                gf->nodes[j++] = fused;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-common.h b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-common.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3acbc6ae174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// helper functions for ggml-metal that are too difficult to implement in Objective-C
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct ggml_tensor;
+struct ggml_cgraph;
+
+enum ggml_mem_range_type {
+    MEM_RANGE_TYPE_SRC = 0,
+    MEM_RANGE_TYPE_DST = 1,
+};
+
+// a helper object that can be used for reordering operations to improve concurrency
+//
+// the fundamental idea is that a set of tasks (either ggml ops, or something else) can run concurrently if they
+//   don't write to a memory that is being read by another task or written to by another task in the set
+//
+// with this structure, we can add tasks to the set, setting memory constraints. we can also check if a new task
+//   can be added to the set without violating the constraints (i.e. if it can be executed concurrently with the
+//   tasks already in the set)
+//
+typedef struct ggml_mem_ranges * ggml_mem_ranges_t;
+
+ggml_mem_ranges_t ggml_mem_ranges_init(int debug);
+void ggml_mem_ranges_free(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs);
+
+// remove all ranges from the set
+void ggml_mem_ranges_reset(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs);
+
+// add src or dst ranges to track
+bool ggml_mem_ranges_add(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+
+// return false if:
+// - new src range overlaps with any existing dst range
+// - new dst range overlaps with any existing range (src or dst)
+bool ggml_mem_ranges_check(ggml_mem_ranges_t mrs, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+
+// reorder the nodes in the graph to improve concurrency, while respecting fusion
+//
+// note: this implementation is generic and not specific to metal
+//       if it proves to work well, we can start using it for other backends in the future
+void ggml_graph_optimize(struct ggml_cgraph * gf);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-context.h b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-context.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..abf4b06ed2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-metal-device.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+//
+// backend context
+//
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal * ggml_metal_t;
+
+ggml_metal_t ggml_metal_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev);
+void ggml_metal_free(ggml_metal_t ctx);
+
+const char * ggml_metal_get_name(ggml_metal_t ctx);
+
+void ggml_metal_synchronize(ggml_metal_t ctx);
+
+void ggml_metal_set_tensor_async(ggml_metal_t ctx, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size);
+void ggml_metal_get_tensor_async(ggml_metal_t ctx, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size);
+bool ggml_metal_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_metal_t ctx_src, ggml_metal_t ctx_dst, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+enum ggml_status ggml_metal_graph_compute (ggml_metal_t ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf);
+void             ggml_metal_graph_optimize(ggml_metal_t ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf);
+
+void ggml_metal_event_record(ggml_metal_t ctx, ggml_metal_event_t ev);
+void ggml_metal_event_wait  (ggml_metal_t ctx, ggml_metal_event_t ev);
+
+ggml_metal_event_t ggml_metal_get_ev_cpy(ggml_metal_t ctx);
+
+void ggml_metal_set_n_cb            (ggml_metal_t ctx, int n_cb);
+void ggml_metal_set_abort_callback  (ggml_metal_t ctx, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * user_data);
+bool ggml_metal_supports_family     (ggml_metal_t ctx, int family);
+void ggml_metal_capture_next_compute(ggml_metal_t ctx);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-context.m b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-context.m
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32d97cd5d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-context.m
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+#import "ggml-metal-context.h"
+
+#import "ggml-impl.h"
+#import "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#import "ggml-metal-impl.h"
+#import "ggml-metal-common.h"
+#import "ggml-metal-ops.h"
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+
+#undef MIN
+#undef MAX
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+// max number of MTLCommandBuffer used to submit a graph for processing
+#define GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS 8
+
+struct ggml_metal_command_buffer {
+    id<MTLCommandBuffer> obj;
+};
+
+struct ggml_metal {
+    char name[128];
+
+    ggml_metal_device_t  dev;
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib;
+
+    ggml_metal_event_t ev_cpy; // for async copies
+
+    dispatch_queue_t d_queue;
+
+    // additional, inference-time compiled pipelines
+    ggml_metal_pipelines_t pipelines_ext;
+
+    bool use_fusion;
+    bool use_concurrency;
+    bool use_graph_optimize;
+
+    int debug_graph;
+    int debug_fusion;
+
+    // how many times a given op was fused
+    uint64_t fuse_cnt[GGML_OP_COUNT];
+
+    // capture state
+    int capture_compute;
+    bool capture_started;
+
+    id<MTLCaptureScope> capture_scope;
+
+    // command buffer state
+    int n_cb;           // number of extra threads used to submit the command buffers
+    int n_nodes_0;      // number of nodes submitted by the main thread
+    int n_nodes_1;      // remaining number of nodes submitted by the n_cb threads
+    int n_nodes_per_cb;
+
+    struct ggml_cgraph * gf;
+
+    // the callback given to the thread pool
+    void (^encode_async)(size_t ith);
+
+    // n_cb command buffers + 1 used by the main thread
+    struct ggml_metal_command_buffer cmd_bufs[GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS + 1];
+
+    // extra command buffers for things like getting, setting and copying tensors
+    NSMutableArray * cmd_bufs_ext;
+
+    // the last command buffer queued into the Metal queue with operations relevant to the current Metal backend
+    id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf_last;
+
+    // abort ggml_metal_graph_compute if callback returns true
+    ggml_abort_callback abort_callback;
+    void *              abort_callback_data;
+
+    // error state - set when a command buffer fails during synchronize
+    // once set, graph_compute will return GGML_STATUS_FAILED until the backend is recreated
+    bool has_error;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_t ggml_metal_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: allocating\n", __func__);
+
+#if TARGET_OS_OSX && !GGML_METAL_NDEBUG
+    // Show all the Metal device instances in the system
+    NSArray * devices = MTLCopyAllDevices();
+    for (id<MTLDevice> device in devices) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found device: %s\n", __func__, [[device name] UTF8String]);
+    }
+    [devices release]; // since it was created by a *Copy* C method
+#endif
+
+    // init context
+    ggml_metal_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal));
+
+    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_metal_device_get_obj(dev);
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: picking default device: %s\n", __func__, [[device name] UTF8String]);
+
+    // TODO: would it be better to have one queue for the backend and one queue for the device?
+    //       the graph encoders and async ops would use the backend queue while the sync ops would use the device queue?
+    //res->queue = [device newCommandQueue]; [TAG_QUEUE_PER_BACKEND]
+    id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = ggml_metal_device_get_queue(dev);
+    if (queue == nil) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create command queue\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    res->dev = dev;
+    res->lib = ggml_metal_device_get_library(dev);
+    if (res->lib == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: the device does not have a precompiled Metal library - this is unexpected\n", __func__);
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: will try to compile it on the fly\n", __func__);
+
+        res->lib = ggml_metal_library_init(dev);
+        if (res->lib == NULL) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize the Metal library\n", __func__);
+
+            free(res);
+
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    res->ev_cpy = ggml_metal_device_event_init(dev);
+
+    const struct ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(dev);
+
+    snprintf(res->name, sizeof(res->name), "%s", props_dev->name);
+
+    res->d_queue = dispatch_queue_create("ggml-metal", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
+
+    res->use_fusion      = getenv("GGML_METAL_FUSION_DISABLE") == nil;
+    res->use_concurrency = getenv("GGML_METAL_CONCURRENCY_DISABLE") == nil;
+
+    {
+        const char * val = getenv("GGML_METAL_GRAPH_DEBUG");
+        res->debug_graph = val ? atoi(val) : 0;
+    }
+
+    {
+        const char * val = getenv("GGML_METAL_FUSION_DEBUG");
+        res->debug_fusion = val ? atoi(val) : 0;
+    }
+
+    res->use_graph_optimize = true;
+
+    if (getenv("GGML_METAL_GRAPH_OPTIMIZE_DISABLE") != NULL) {
+        res->use_graph_optimize = false;
+    }
+
+    memset(res->fuse_cnt, 0, sizeof(res->fuse_cnt));
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: use fusion         = %s\n", __func__, res->use_fusion         ? "true" : "false");
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: use concurrency    = %s\n", __func__, res->use_concurrency    ? "true" : "false");
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: use graph optimize = %s\n", __func__, res->use_graph_optimize ? "true" : "false");
+
+    res->capture_compute = 0;
+    res->capture_started = false;
+    res->capture_scope = nil;
+
+    {
+        const char * val = getenv("GGML_METAL_CAPTURE_COMPUTE");
+        if (val) {
+            res->capture_compute = atoi(val);
+        }
+    }
+
+    res->has_error = false;
+
+    res->gf = nil;
+    res->encode_async = nil;
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS; ++i) {
+        res->cmd_bufs[i].obj = nil;
+    }
+
+    res->cmd_bufs_ext = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
+
+    res->cmd_buf_last = nil;
+
+    res->pipelines_ext = ggml_metal_pipelines_init();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_free(ggml_metal_t ctx) {
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: deallocating\n", __func__);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS; ++i) {
+        if (ctx->cmd_bufs[i].obj) {
+            [ctx->cmd_bufs[i].obj release];
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int) ctx->cmd_bufs_ext.count; ++i) {
+        if (ctx->cmd_bufs_ext[i]) {
+            [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext[i] release];
+        }
+    }
+
+    [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext removeAllObjects];
+    [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext release];
+
+    if (ctx->pipelines_ext) {
+        ggml_metal_pipelines_free(ctx->pipelines_ext);
+        ctx->pipelines_ext = nil;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->debug_fusion > 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: fusion stats:\n", __func__);
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_OP_COUNT; i++) {
+            if (ctx->fuse_cnt[i] == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // note: cannot use ggml_log here
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: - %s: %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, ggml_op_name((enum ggml_op) i), ctx->fuse_cnt[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Block_release(ctx->encode_async);
+
+    //[ctx->queue release]; // [TAG_QUEUE_PER_BACKEND]
+
+    dispatch_release(ctx->d_queue);
+
+    ggml_metal_device_event_free(ctx->dev, ctx->ev_cpy);
+
+    free(ctx);
+}
+
+const char * ggml_metal_get_name(ggml_metal_t ctx) {
+    return ctx->name;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_synchronize(ggml_metal_t ctx) {
+    // wait for any backend operations to finish
+    if (ctx->cmd_buf_last) {
+        [ctx->cmd_buf_last waitUntilCompleted];
+        ctx->cmd_buf_last = nil;
+    }
+
+    // check status of all command buffers
+    {
+        const int n_cb = ctx->n_cb;
+
+        for (int cb_idx = 0; cb_idx <= n_cb; ++cb_idx) {
+            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].obj;
+            if (!cmd_buf) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            MTLCommandBufferStatus status = [cmd_buf status];
+            if (status != MTLCommandBufferStatusCompleted) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: command buffer %d failed with status %d\n", __func__, cb_idx, (int) status);
+                if (status == MTLCommandBufferStatusError) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("error: %s\n", [[cmd_buf error].localizedDescription UTF8String]);
+                }
+                ctx->has_error = true;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // release any completed extra command buffers
+    if (ctx->cmd_bufs_ext.count > 0) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->cmd_bufs_ext.count; ++i) {
+            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs_ext[i];
+
+            MTLCommandBufferStatus status = [cmd_buf status];
+            if (status != MTLCommandBufferStatusCompleted) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: command buffer %d failed with status %d\n", __func__, (int) i, (int) status);
+                if (status == MTLCommandBufferStatusError) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("error: %s\n", [[cmd_buf error].localizedDescription UTF8String]);
+                }
+
+                // release this and all remaining command buffers before returning
+                for (size_t j = i; j < ctx->cmd_bufs_ext.count; ++j) {
+                    [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext[j] release];
+                }
+                [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext removeAllObjects];
+
+                ctx->has_error = true;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            [cmd_buf release];
+        }
+
+        [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext removeAllObjects];
+    }
+}
+
+static struct ggml_metal_buffer_id ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    if (!t) {
+        return (struct ggml_metal_buffer_id) { nil, 0 };
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = t->view_src ? t->view_src->buffer : t->buffer;
+
+    return ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(buffer->context, t);
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_set_tensor_async(ggml_metal_t ctx, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        // wrap the source data into a Metal buffer
+        id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_metal_device_get_obj(ctx->dev);
+        id<MTLBuffer> buf_src = [device newBufferWithBytes:data
+                                                    length:size
+                                                   options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(buf_src);
+
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(tensor);
+        if (bid_dst.metal == nil) {
+            GGML_ABORT("%s: failed to find buffer for tensor '%s'\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+        }
+
+        bid_dst.offs += offset;
+
+        // queue the copy operation into the queue of the Metal context
+        // this will be queued at the end, after any currently ongoing GPU operations
+        id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ctx->dev);
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [queue commandBuffer];
+        id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+        [encoder copyFromBuffer:buf_src
+                   sourceOffset:0
+                       toBuffer:bid_dst.metal
+              destinationOffset:bid_dst.offs
+                           size:size];
+
+        [encoder endEncoding];
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+        [buf_src release];
+
+        // do not wait here for completion
+        //[cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+
+        // instead, remember a reference to the command buffer and wait for it later if needed
+        [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext addObject:cmd_buf];
+        ctx->cmd_buf_last = cmd_buf;
+
+        [cmd_buf retain];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_get_tensor_async(ggml_metal_t ctx, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_metal_device_get_obj(ctx->dev);
+        id<MTLBuffer> buf_dst = [device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:data
+                                                          length:size
+                                                         options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared
+                                                     deallocator:nil];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(buf_dst);
+
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(tensor);
+        if (bid_src.metal == nil) {
+            GGML_ABORT("%s: failed to find buffer for tensor '%s'\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+        }
+
+        bid_src.offs += offset;
+
+        // queue the copy operation into the queue of the Metal context
+        // this will be queued at the end, after any currently ongoing GPU operations
+        id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ctx->dev);
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [queue commandBuffer];
+        id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+        [encoder copyFromBuffer:bid_src.metal
+                   sourceOffset:bid_src.offs
+                       toBuffer:buf_dst
+              destinationOffset:0
+                           size:size];
+
+        [encoder endEncoding];
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+        [buf_dst release];
+
+        // do not wait here for completion
+        //[cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+
+        // instead, remember a reference to the command buffer and wait for it later if needed
+        [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext addObject:cmd_buf];
+        ctx->cmd_buf_last = cmd_buf;
+
+        [cmd_buf retain];
+    }
+}
+
+bool ggml_metal_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_metal_t ctx_src, ggml_metal_t ctx_dst, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(src);
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(dst);
+
+        if (bid_src.metal == nil || bid_dst.metal == nil) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // queue the copy operation into the Metal context
+        // this will be queued at the end, after any currently ongoing GPU operations
+        id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ctx_src->dev);
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [queue commandBuffer];
+        id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+        [encoder copyFromBuffer:bid_src.metal
+                   sourceOffset:bid_src.offs
+                       toBuffer:bid_dst.metal
+              destinationOffset:bid_dst.offs
+                           size:ggml_nbytes(src)];
+
+        [encoder endEncoding];
+
+        ggml_metal_event_t ev_cpy = ggml_metal_get_ev_cpy(ctx_src);
+        ggml_metal_event_encode_signal(ev_cpy, cmd_buf);
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+
+        // do not wait here for completion
+        //[cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+
+        // instead, remember a reference to the command buffer and wait for it later if needed
+        [ctx_src->cmd_bufs_ext addObject:cmd_buf];
+        ctx_src->cmd_buf_last = cmd_buf;
+
+        [cmd_buf retain];
+
+        ggml_metal_event_wait(ctx_dst, ev_cpy);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+enum ggml_status ggml_metal_graph_compute(ggml_metal_t ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf) {
+    if (ctx->has_error) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: backend is in error state from a previous command buffer failure - recreate the backend to recover\n", __func__);
+        return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    // number of nodes encoded by the main thread (empirically determined)
+    const int n_main = MAX(64, 0.1*gf->n_nodes);
+
+    // number of threads in addition to the main thread
+    const int n_cb = ctx->n_cb;
+
+    // keep the memory wired
+    ggml_metal_device_rsets_keep_alive(ctx->dev);
+
+    // submit the ggml compute graph to the GPU by creating command buffers and encoding the ops in them
+    // the first n_nodes_0 are encoded and submitted for processing directly by the calling thread
+    // while these nodes are processing, we start n_cb threads to enqueue the rest of the nodes
+    // each thread creates it's own command buffer and enqueues the ops in parallel
+    //
+    // tests on M1 Pro and M2 Ultra using LLaMA models, show that optimal values for n_cb are 1 or 2
+
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        ctx->gf = gf;
+
+        ctx->n_nodes_0 = MIN(n_main, gf->n_nodes);
+        ctx->n_nodes_1 = gf->n_nodes - ctx->n_nodes_0;
+
+        ctx->n_nodes_per_cb = (ctx->n_nodes_1 + ctx->n_cb - 1) / ctx->n_cb;
+
+        if (ctx->capture_compute >= 0) {
+            ctx->capture_compute--;
+        }
+
+        const bool use_capture = ctx->capture_compute == 0;
+        if (use_capture) {
+            ctx->capture_compute = -1;
+
+            // make sure all previous computations have finished before starting the capture
+            if (ctx->cmd_buf_last) {
+                [ctx->cmd_buf_last waitUntilCompleted];
+                ctx->cmd_buf_last = nil;
+            }
+
+            if (!ctx->capture_started) {
+                NSString * path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"/tmp/perf-metal-%d.gputrace", getpid()];
+
+                GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: capturing graph in %s\n", __func__, [path UTF8String]);
+
+                // create capture scope
+                id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_metal_device_get_obj(ctx->dev);
+                ctx->capture_scope = [[MTLCaptureManager sharedCaptureManager] newCaptureScopeWithDevice:device];
+
+                MTLCaptureDescriptor * descriptor = [MTLCaptureDescriptor new];
+                descriptor.captureObject = ctx->capture_scope;
+                descriptor.destination = MTLCaptureDestinationGPUTraceDocument;
+                descriptor.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];
+
+                NSError * error = nil;
+                if (![[MTLCaptureManager sharedCaptureManager] startCaptureWithDescriptor:descriptor error:&error]) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: unable to start capture '%s'\n", __func__, [[error localizedDescription] UTF8String]);
+                } else {
+                    [ctx->capture_scope beginScope];
+                    ctx->capture_started = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // short-hand
+        id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ctx->dev);
+
+        // the main thread commits the first few commands immediately
+        // cmd_buf[n_cb]
+        {
+            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
+            [cmd_buf retain];
+
+            if (ctx->cmd_bufs[n_cb].obj) {
+                [ctx->cmd_bufs[n_cb].obj release];
+            }
+            ctx->cmd_bufs[n_cb].obj = cmd_buf;
+
+            [cmd_buf enqueue];
+
+            ctx->encode_async(n_cb);
+        }
+
+        // remember the command buffer for the next iteration
+        ctx->cmd_buf_last = ctx->cmd_bufs[n_cb].obj;
+
+        // prepare the rest of the command buffers asynchronously (optional)
+        // cmd_buf[0.. n_cb)
+        for (int cb_idx = 0; cb_idx < n_cb; ++cb_idx) {
+            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
+            [cmd_buf retain];
+
+            if (ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].obj) {
+                [ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].obj release];
+            }
+            ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].obj = cmd_buf;
+
+            // always enqueue the first two command buffers
+            // enqueue all of the command buffers if we don't need to abort
+            if (cb_idx < 2 || ctx->abort_callback == NULL) {
+                [cmd_buf enqueue];
+
+                // update the pointer to the last queued command buffer
+                // this is needed to implement synchronize()
+                ctx->cmd_buf_last = cmd_buf;
+            }
+        }
+
+        dispatch_apply(n_cb, ctx->d_queue, ctx->encode_async);
+
+        // for debugging: block until graph is computed
+        //[ctx->cmd_buf_last waitUntilCompleted];
+
+        // enter here only when capturing in order to wait for all computation to finish
+        // otherwise, we leave the graph to compute asynchronously
+        if (use_capture && ctx->capture_started) {
+            // wait for completion and check status of each command buffer
+            // needed to detect if the device ran out-of-memory for example (#1881)
+            {
+                id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs[n_cb].obj;
+                [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+
+                MTLCommandBufferStatus status = [cmd_buf status];
+                if (status != MTLCommandBufferStatusCompleted) {
+                    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: command buffer %d failed with status %lu\n", __func__, n_cb, status);
+                    if (status == MTLCommandBufferStatusError) {
+                        GGML_LOG_INFO("error: %s\n", [[cmd_buf error].localizedDescription UTF8String]);
+                    }
+
+                    return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < n_cb; ++i) {
+                id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs[i].obj;
+                [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+
+                MTLCommandBufferStatus status = [cmd_buf status];
+                if (status != MTLCommandBufferStatusCompleted) {
+                    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: command buffer %d failed with status %lu\n", __func__, i, status);
+                    if (status == MTLCommandBufferStatusError) {
+                        GGML_LOG_INFO("error: %s\n", [[cmd_buf error].localizedDescription UTF8String]);
+                    }
+
+                    return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+                }
+
+                id<MTLCommandBuffer> next_buffer = (i + 1 < n_cb ? ctx->cmd_bufs[i + 1].obj : nil);
+                if (!next_buffer) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const bool next_queued = ([next_buffer status] != MTLCommandBufferStatusNotEnqueued);
+                if (next_queued) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (ctx->abort_callback && ctx->abort_callback(ctx->abort_callback_data)) {
+                    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: command buffer %d aborted", __func__, i);
+                    return GGML_STATUS_ABORTED;
+                }
+
+                [next_buffer commit];
+            }
+
+            [ctx->capture_scope endScope];
+            [[MTLCaptureManager sharedCaptureManager] stopCapture];
+
+            ctx->capture_started = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_graph_optimize(ggml_metal_t ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf) {
+    //const int64_t t_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+    if (ctx->use_graph_optimize) {
+        ggml_graph_optimize(gf);
+    }
+
+    //printf("%s: graph optimize took %.3f ms\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_start) / 1000.0);
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_event_record(ggml_metal_t ctx, ggml_metal_event_t ev) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ctx->dev);
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [queue commandBuffer];
+
+        ggml_metal_event_encode_signal(ev, cmd_buf);
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+
+        [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext addObject:cmd_buf];
+        ctx->cmd_buf_last = cmd_buf;
+
+        [cmd_buf retain];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_event_wait(ggml_metal_t ctx, ggml_metal_event_t ev) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ctx->dev);
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [queue commandBuffer];
+
+        ggml_metal_event_encode_wait(ev, cmd_buf);
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+
+        [ctx->cmd_bufs_ext addObject:cmd_buf];
+        ctx->cmd_buf_last = cmd_buf;
+
+        [cmd_buf retain];
+    }
+}
+
+ggml_metal_event_t ggml_metal_get_ev_cpy(ggml_metal_t ctx) {
+    return ctx->ev_cpy;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_set_n_cb(ggml_metal_t ctx, int n_cb) {
+    if (ctx->n_cb != n_cb) {
+        ctx->n_cb = MIN(n_cb, GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS);
+
+        if (ctx->n_cb > 2) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: n_cb = %d, using n_cb > 2 is not recommended and can degrade the performance in some cases\n", __func__, n_cb);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->encode_async) {
+        Block_release(ctx->encode_async);
+    }
+
+    ctx->encode_async = Block_copy(^(size_t iter) {
+        const int cb_idx = iter;
+        const int n_cb_l = ctx->n_cb;
+
+        const int n_nodes_0 = ctx->n_nodes_0;
+        const int n_nodes_1 = ctx->n_nodes_1;
+
+        const int n_nodes_per_cb = ctx->n_nodes_per_cb;
+
+        int idx_start = 0;
+        int idx_end   = n_nodes_0;
+
+        if (cb_idx < n_cb_l) {
+            idx_start = n_nodes_0 + (                                         (cb_idx + 0) * n_nodes_per_cb);
+            idx_end   = n_nodes_0 + (MIN((cb_idx == n_cb_l - 1) ? n_nodes_1 : (cb_idx + 1) * n_nodes_per_cb, n_nodes_1));
+        }
+
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].obj;
+
+        ggml_metal_op_t ctx_op = ggml_metal_op_init(
+            ctx->dev,
+            cmd_buf,
+            ctx->gf,
+            idx_start,
+            idx_end,
+            ctx->use_fusion,
+            ctx->use_concurrency,
+            ctx->capture_compute,
+            ctx->debug_graph,
+            ctx->debug_fusion);
+
+        for (int idx = 0; idx < ggml_metal_op_n_nodes(ctx_op); ++idx) {
+            const int res = ggml_metal_op_encode(ctx_op, idx);
+            if (res == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            idx += res - 1;
+        }
+
+        ggml_metal_op_free(ctx_op);
+
+        if (cb_idx < 2 || ctx->abort_callback == NULL) {
+            [cmd_buf commit];
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_set_abort_callback(ggml_metal_t ctx, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * user_data) {
+    ctx->abort_callback = abort_callback;
+    ctx->abort_callback_data = user_data;
+}
+
+bool ggml_metal_supports_family(ggml_metal_t ctx, int family) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ctx->dev != nil);
+
+    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_metal_device_get_obj(ctx->dev);
+
+    return [device supportsFamily:(MTLGPUFamilyApple1 + family - 1)];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_capture_next_compute(ggml_metal_t ctx) {
+    ctx->capture_compute = 1;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..72ad876d5e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1944 @@
+#include "ggml-metal-device.h"
+
+#include "ggml-metal-impl.h"
+
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+struct ggml_metal_device_deleter {
+    void operator()(ggml_metal_device_t ctx) {
+        ggml_metal_device_free(ctx);
+    }
+};
+
+typedef std::unique_ptr<ggml_metal_device, ggml_metal_device_deleter> ggml_metal_device_ptr;
+
+ggml_metal_device_t ggml_metal_device_get(int device) {
+    static std::vector<ggml_metal_device_ptr> devs;
+
+    devs.emplace_back(ggml_metal_device_init(device));
+
+    return devs.back().get();
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipelines {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, ggml_metal_pipeline_t> data;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_pipelines_t ggml_metal_pipelines_init(void) {
+    ggml_metal_pipelines_t res = new ggml_metal_pipelines();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_pipelines_free(ggml_metal_pipelines_t ppls) {
+    if (!ppls) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (auto it = ppls->data.begin(); it != ppls->data.end(); ++it) {
+        ggml_metal_pipeline_free(it->second);
+    }
+
+    delete ppls;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_pipelines_add(ggml_metal_pipelines_t ppls, const char * name, ggml_metal_pipeline_t pipeline) {
+    ppls->data[name] = pipeline;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_t ggml_metal_pipelines_get(ggml_metal_pipelines_t ppls, const char * name) {
+    if (ppls->data.find(name) == ppls->data.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return ppls->data[name];
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_base(ggml_metal_library_t lib, ggml_op op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const char * op_str = "undefined";
+    switch (op) {
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID: op_str = "add_id"; break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONCAT: op_str = "concat"; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_%s", op_str);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cpy(ggml_metal_library_t lib, ggml_type tsrc, ggml_type tdst) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_cpy_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc), ggml_type_name(tdst));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pool_1d(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op, ggml_op_pool op_pool) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[0]->type == op->type);
+
+    const char * pool_str = "undefined";
+    switch (op_pool) {
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG: pool_str = "avg"; break;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX: pool_str = "max"; break;
+        default: GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
+    };
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, sizeof(base), "kernel_pool_1d_%s_%s", pool_str, ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pool_2d(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op, ggml_op_pool op_pool) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[0]->type == op->type);
+
+    const char * pool_str = "undefined";
+    switch (op_pool) {
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG: pool_str = "avg"; break;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX: pool_str = "max"; break;
+        default: GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
+    };
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_pool_2d_%s_%s", pool_str, ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_get_rows(ggml_metal_library_t lib, ggml_type tsrc) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_get_rows_%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_set_rows(ggml_metal_library_t lib, ggml_type tidx, ggml_type tdst) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_set_rows_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(tdst), ggml_type_name(tidx));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_diag(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int n = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_diag_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_n=%d", base, n);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    res.nsg  = 1;
+    res.smem = 0;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_repeat(ggml_metal_library_t lib, ggml_type tsrc) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_repeat_%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_unary(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    int op_num = -1;
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:      op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SCALE;      break;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:       op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_FILL;       break;
+        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:      op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_CLAMP;      break;
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SQR;        break;
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:       op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SQRT;       break;
+        case GGML_OP_SIN:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SIN;        break;
+        case GGML_OP_COS:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_COS;        break;
+        case GGML_OP_LOG:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_LOG;        break;
+        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU: op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_LEAKY_RELU; break;
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_TANH;        break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_RELU;        break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:     op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SIGMOID;     break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU;        break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:    op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU_ERF;    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:  op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU_QUICK;  break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SILU;        break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:         op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_ELU;         break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:         op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_NEG;         break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:         op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_ABS;         break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:         op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SGN;         break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:        op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_STEP;        break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:   op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_HARDSWISH;   break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID: op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_HARDSIGMOID; break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:         op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_EXP;         break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:    op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_SOFTPLUS;    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:       op_num = OP_UNARY_NUM_EXPM1;       break;
+                default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            } break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    const char * t0_str = ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type);
+    const char * t_str  = ggml_type_name(op->type);
+
+    const bool is_c4 = op->src[0]->ne[0] % 4 == 0;
+    const bool is_cnt = ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_nelements(op) < 32768;
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_unary_%s_%s%s", t0_str, t_str, is_c4 ? "_4" : "");
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_op=%d_cnt=%d", base, op_num, is_cnt);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, op_num, FC_UNARY + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool (cv, is_cnt, FC_UNARY + 1);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.c4  = is_c4;
+    res.cnt = is_cnt;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_glu(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const char * op_str = "undefined";
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:        op_str = "reglu";        break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:        op_str = "geglu";        break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:       op_str = "swiglu";       break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:   op_str = "swiglu_oai";   break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:    op_str = "geglu_erf";    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:  op_str = "geglu_quick";  break;
+                default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            } break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_%s_%s", op_str, ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_sum(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_SUM);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_op_sum_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_sum_rows(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    int op_num = -1;
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS: op_num = OP_SUM_ROWS_NUM_SUM_ROWS; break;
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:     op_num = OP_SUM_ROWS_NUM_MEAN;     break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    const char * t0_str = ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type);
+    const char * t_str  = ggml_type_name(op->type);
+
+    const bool is_c4 = op->src[0]->ne[0] % 4 == 0;
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_sum_rows_%s_%s%s", t0_str, t_str, is_c4 ? "_4" : "");
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_op=%d", base, op_num);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, op_num, FC_SUM_ROWS + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+
+    if (is_c4) {
+        res.smem *= 4;
+    }
+
+    res.c4  = is_c4;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cumsum_blk(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->op == GGML_OP_CUMSUM);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_cumsum_blk_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cumsum_add(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->op == GGML_OP_CUMSUM);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_cumsum_add_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_tri(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->op == GGML_OP_TRI);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(op->src[0]->type));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const char * op_str = "tri";
+    const int ttype = op->op_params[0];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_%s_%s_%d", op_str, ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ttype);
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_soft_max(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(!op->src[1] || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const char * suffix = "";
+
+    if (op->src[0]->ne[0] % 4 == 0) {
+        suffix = "_4";
+    }
+
+    const ggml_type tsrc1 = op->src[1] ? op->src[1]->type : GGML_TYPE_F32;
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_soft_max_%s%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc1), suffix);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_conv(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const char * suffix = "";
+
+    if (op->src[1]->ne[0] % 4 == 0) {
+        suffix = "_4";
+    }
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_ssm_conv_%s_%s%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type), suffix);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_conv_batched(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op, int ssm_conv_bs) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const char * suffix = "";
+    if (op->src[1]->ne[0] % 4 == 0) {
+        suffix = "_4";
+    }
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_ssm_conv_%s_%s_batched%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type), suffix);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_ssm_conv_bs=%d", base, ssm_conv_bs);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, ssm_conv_bs, FC_SSM_CONV + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_scan(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op)  {
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int nsg = (ne00 + 31)/32;
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_ssm_scan_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_nsg=%d", base, nsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Shared memory layout:
+    // - sgptg * NW floats for partial sums (nsg * 32)
+    // - sgptg floats for shared_x_dt (nsg)
+    // - sgptg floats for shared_dA (nsg)
+    // Total: nsg * (32 + 2) floats
+    res.smem = (32 + 2)*sizeof(float)*nsg;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_rwkv(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int64_t C = op->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H = op->src[0]->ne[1];
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
+            {
+                GGML_ASSERT(op->src[5]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+                GGML_ASSERT(C % H == 0);
+                GGML_ASSERT(C / H == 64);
+
+                snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rwkv_wkv6_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
+            {
+                GGML_ASSERT(op->src[6]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+                GGML_ASSERT(C % H == 0);
+                GGML_ASSERT(C / H == 64);
+
+                snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rwkv_wkv7_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+            } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_gated_delta_net(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    // v is src[2], dimensions: S_v = ne[0], H = ne[1]
+    const int ne20 = op->src[2]->ne[0]; // S_v
+    const int ne21 = op->src[2]->ne[1]; // H
+    const int ne30 = op->src[3]->ne[0]; // G
+
+    const int nsg = op->src[2]->ne[0]/32;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[5]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->ne[0] == ne20 * ne21);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne20 % 32 == 0);
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_gated_delta_net_%s_%d", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), nsg);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_ne20=%d_ne30=%d", base, ne20, ne30);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, ne20, FC_GATED_DELTA_NET + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, ne30, FC_GATED_DELTA_NET + 1);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.nsg = nsg;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_solve_tri(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int nsg = 8;
+    const int n   = op->src[1]->ne[1];
+    const int k   = op->src[1]->ne[0];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_solve_tri_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_nsg=%d_n=%d_k=%d", base, nsg, n, k);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, nsg, FC_SOLVE_TRI + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, n,   FC_SOLVE_TRI + 1);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, k,   FC_SOLVE_TRI + 2);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.nsg  = nsg;
+    res.smem = GGML_PAD(GGML_PAD(n, 32)*nsg*sizeof(float), 16);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv_ext(ggml_metal_library_t lib, ggml_type tsrc0, ggml_type tsrc1, int nsg, int nxpsg, int r1ptg) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_mul_mv_ext_%s_%s_r1_%d", ggml_type_name(tsrc0), ggml_type_name(tsrc1), r1ptg);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_nsg=%d_nxpsg=%d", base, nsg, nxpsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, nsg,   FC_MUL_MV + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, nxpsg, FC_MUL_MV + 1);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const ggml_type tsrc0 = op->src[0]->type;
+    const ggml_type tsrc1 = op->src[1]->type;
+
+    const bool bc_inp = op->src[0]->ne[0] % 32 != 0;
+    const bool bc_out = op->ne[0] % 64 != 0 || op->ne[1] % 32 != 0;
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_mul_mm_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc0), ggml_type_name(tsrc1));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_bci=%d_bco=%d", base, bc_inp, bc_out);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, bc_inp, FC_MUL_MM + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, bc_out, FC_MUL_MM + 1);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    // when the output size is not multiple of 64x32, we need extra smem to prevent out-of-bounds writes
+    res.smem = bc_out ? 8192 : 4096 + 2048;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    int nsg = 0; // number of simdgroups
+    int nr0 = 0; // number of src0 rows per simdgroup
+    int nr1 = 1; // number of src1 rows per threadgroup
+
+    size_t smem = 0; // shared memory
+
+    const ggml_type tsrc0 = op->src[0]->type;
+    const ggml_type tsrc1 = op->src[1]->type;
+
+    const char * suffix = "";
+
+    // use custom matrix x vector kernel
+    switch (tsrc0) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                if (ne00 < 32) {
+                    nsg = 1;
+                    nr0 = 32;
+                    nr1 = 1;
+                    suffix = "_short";
+                } else {
+                    nsg = std::min(4, (ne00 + 127) / 128);
+                    nr0 = 2;
+                    nr1 = 1;
+                    smem = 32*sizeof(float)*nr0;
+                    suffix = ne00 % 4 == 0 ? "_4" : "";
+                }
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q4_0;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_0;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q4_1;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_1;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q5_0;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_0;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q5_1;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_1;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q8_0;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q8_0;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float)*N_R0_Q8_0;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_MXFP4;
+                nr0 = N_R0_MXFP4;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q2_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q2_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q3_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q3_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q4_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q5_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q6_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q6_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XXS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XXS;
+                smem = 256*8+128;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XS;
+                smem = 512*8+128;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_XXS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_XXS;
+                smem = 256*4+128;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_S;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_S;
+                smem = 512*4;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_S;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_S;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_S;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_S;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_M;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_M;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_NL;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_NL;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_XS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_XS;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("Asserting on type %d\n", (int) tsrc0);
+                GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
+            }
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_mul_mv_%s_%s%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc0), ggml_type_name(tsrc1), suffix);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_nsg=%d", base, nsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, nsg, FC_MUL_MV + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.nr0  = nr0;
+    res.nr1  = nr1;
+    res.nsg  = nsg;
+    res.smem = smem;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm_id_map0(ggml_metal_library_t lib, int ne02, int ne20) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_%d", ne20);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_ne02=%d", base, ne02);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = (size_t) ne02*ne20*sizeof(uint16_t);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm_id(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const ggml_type tsrc0 = op->src[0]->type;
+    const ggml_type tsrc1 = op->src[1]->type;
+
+    const bool bc_inp = op->src[0]->ne[0] % 32 != 0;
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_mul_mm_id_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc0), ggml_type_name(tsrc1));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_bci=%d", base, bc_inp);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, bc_inp, FC_MUL_MM + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = 8192;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv_id(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    int nsg = 0; // number of simdgroups
+    int nr0 = 0; // number of src0 rows per simdgroup
+    int nr1 = 1; // number of src1 rows per threadgroup
+
+    size_t smem = 0; // shared memory
+
+    const ggml_type tsrc0 = op->src[0]->type;
+    const ggml_type tsrc1 = op->src[1]->type;
+
+    const char * suffix = "";
+
+        // use custom matrix x vector kernel
+    switch (tsrc0) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            {
+                nsg = std::min(4, (ne00 + 127) / 128);
+                nr0 = 2;
+                nr1 = 1;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float)*nr0;
+                suffix = ne00 % 4 == 0 ? "_4" : "";
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q4_0;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_0;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q4_1;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_1;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q5_0;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_0;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q5_1;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_1;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q8_0;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q8_0;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float)*N_R0_Q8_0;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_MXFP4;
+                nr0 = N_R0_MXFP4;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q2_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q2_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q3_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q3_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q4_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q5_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_Q6_K;
+                nr0 = N_R0_Q6_K;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XXS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XXS;
+                smem = 256*8+128;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XS;
+                smem = 512*8+128;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_XXS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_XXS;
+                smem = 256*4+128;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_S;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_S;
+                smem = 512*4;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_S;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_S;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_S;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_S;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_M;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_M;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_NL;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_NL;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+            {
+                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_XS;
+                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_XS;
+                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("Asserting on type %d\n", (int)op->src[2]->type);
+                GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
+            }
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_mul_mv_id_%s_%s%s", ggml_type_name(tsrc0), ggml_type_name(tsrc1), suffix);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_nsg=%d", base, nsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, nsg, FC_MUL_MV + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.nr0  = nr0;
+    res.nr1  = nr1;
+    res.nsg  = nsg;
+    res.smem = smem;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argmax(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(op->src[0]->type));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_argmax_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = 32*(sizeof(float) + sizeof(int32_t));
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argsort(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_ARGSORT);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    ggml_sort_order order = (ggml_sort_order) op->op_params[0];
+
+    const char * order_str = "undefined";
+    switch (order) {
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC:  order_str = "asc";  break;
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC: order_str = "desc"; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_argsort_%s_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->type), order_str);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argsort_merge(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_ARGSORT);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    ggml_sort_order order = (ggml_sort_order) op->op_params[0];
+
+    const char * order_str = "undefined";
+    switch (order) {
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC:  order_str = "asc";  break;
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC: order_str = "desc"; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_argsort_merge_%s_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->type), order_str);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+// note: reuse the argsort kernel for top_k
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_top_k(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_TOP_K);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    // note: the top_k kernel is always descending order
+    ggml_sort_order order = GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC;
+
+    const char * order_str = "undefined";
+    switch (order) {
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC:  order_str = "asc";  break;
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC: order_str = "desc"; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_argsort_%s_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->type), order_str);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_top_k_merge(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_TOP_K);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    ggml_sort_order order = GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC;
+
+    const char * order_str = "undefined";
+    switch (order) {
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC:  order_str = "asc";  break;
+        case GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC: order_str = "desc"; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_argsort_merge_%s_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->type), order_str);
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_pad(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        bool    has_mask,
+        int32_t ncpsg) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+    GGML_UNUSED(op);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_%s",
+            "flash_attn_ext_pad");
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_mask=%d_ncpsg=%d",
+            base,
+            has_mask,
+            ncpsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_mask,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 0);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_sinks, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 1);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_bias,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 2);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_scap,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 3);
+
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns10, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 20);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns20, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 21);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nsg,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 22);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nwg,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 23);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nqptg, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 24);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ncpsg, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 25);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_blk(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        int32_t nqptg,
+        int32_t ncpsg) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+    GGML_UNUSED(op);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_%s",
+            "flash_attn_ext_blk");
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_nqptg=%d_ncpsg=%d",
+            base,
+            nqptg,
+            ncpsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_mask,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 0);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_sinks, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 1);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_bias,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 2);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_scap,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 3);
+
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns10, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 20);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns20, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 21);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nsg,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 22);
+        //ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nwg,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 23);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nqptg, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 24);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ncpsg, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 25);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const ggml_tensor * op,
+        bool    has_mask,
+        bool    has_sinks,
+        bool    has_bias,
+        bool    has_scap,
+        bool    has_kvpad,
+        int32_t nsg) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int32_t dk = (int32_t) op->src[1]->ne[0];
+    const int32_t dv = (int32_t) op->src[2]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t ns10 = op->src[1]->nb[1]/op->src[1]->nb[0];
+    const int32_t ns20 = op->src[2]->nb[1]/op->src[2]->nb[0];
+
+    // do bounds checks for the mask?
+    const bool bc_mask = op->src[3] && (op->src[3]->ne[1] % 8 != 0);
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_%s_%s_dk%d_dv%d",
+            "flash_attn_ext",
+            ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type),
+            dk,
+            dv);
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_mask=%d_sinks=%d_bias=%d_scap=%d_kvpad=%d_bcm=%d_ns10=%d_ns20=%d_nsg=%d",
+            base,
+            has_mask,
+            has_sinks,
+            has_bias,
+            has_scap,
+            has_kvpad,
+            bc_mask,
+            ns10,
+            ns20,
+            nsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_mask,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_sinks, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 1);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_bias,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 2);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_scap,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 3);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_kvpad, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 4);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, bc_mask, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 10);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns10, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 20);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns20, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 21);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nsg,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 22);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_vec(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const ggml_tensor * op,
+        bool    has_mask,
+        bool    has_sinks,
+        bool    has_bias,
+        bool    has_scap,
+        bool    has_kvpad,
+        int32_t nsg,
+        int32_t nwg) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int32_t dk = (int32_t) op->src[1]->ne[0];
+    const int32_t dv = (int32_t) op->src[2]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t ns10 = op->src[1]->nb[1]/op->src[1]->nb[0];
+    const int32_t ns20 = op->src[2]->nb[1]/op->src[2]->nb[0];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_%s_%s_dk%d_dv%d",
+            "flash_attn_ext_vec",
+            ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type),
+            dk,
+            dv);
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_mask=%d_sink=%d_bias=%d_scap=%d_kvpad=%d_ns10=%d_ns20=%d_nsg=%d_nwg=%d",
+            base,
+            has_mask,
+            has_sinks,
+            has_bias,
+            has_scap,
+            has_kvpad,
+            ns10,
+            ns20,
+            nsg, nwg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_mask,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_sinks, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 1);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_bias,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 2);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_scap,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 3);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, has_kvpad, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 4);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns10, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 20);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, ns20, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 21);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nsg,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 22);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nwg,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 23);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const ggml_tensor * op,
+        int32_t dv,
+        int32_t nwg) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce");
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_dv=%d_nwg=%d", base, dv, nwg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, dv,  FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_REDUCE + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(cv, nwg, FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_REDUCE + 1);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(op);
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_bin(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op, int32_t n_fuse) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    int op_num = -1;
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_ADD: op_num = 0; break;
+        case GGML_OP_SUB: op_num = 1; break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL: op_num = 2; break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIV: op_num = 3; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    const char * t0_str = ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type);
+    const char * t1_str = ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type);
+    const char * t_str  = ggml_type_name(op->type);
+
+    const bool is_c4 = (op->src[0]->ne[0] % 4 == 0) && (op->src[1]->ne[0] % 4 == 0);
+
+    const bool is_cb = op->src[0]->ne[0] != op->src[1]->ne[0];
+    const bool is_rb = ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]) && (ggml_nrows(op->src[1]) == 1) && ggml_nelements(op) < 65536;
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_bin_fuse_%s_%s_%s%s", t0_str, t1_str, t_str, is_c4 ? "_4" : "");
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_op=%d_nf=%d_rb=%d_cb=%d", base, op_num, n_fuse, is_rb, is_cb);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, op_num, FC_BIN + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, n_fuse, FC_BIN + 1);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool (cv, is_rb,  FC_BIN + 2);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool (cv, is_cb,  FC_BIN + 3);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.c4  = is_c4;
+    res.cnt = is_rb;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_bin_one(ggml_metal_library_t lib, ggml_op op) {
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    int op_num = -1;
+
+    switch (op) {
+        case GGML_OP_ADD: op_num = 0; break;
+        case GGML_OP_SUB: op_num = 1; break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL: op_num = 2; break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIV: op_num = 3; break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    };
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_bin_fuse_%s_%s_%s", "f32", "f32", "f32");
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_op=%d_nf=%d", base, op_num, 1);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, op_num, FC_BIN + 0);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, 1,      FC_BIN + 1);
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool (cv, false,  FC_BIN + 2);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_l2_norm(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_L2_NORM);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const bool is_c4 = op->src[0]->ne[0] % 4 == 0;
+
+    const char * t0_str = ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type);
+    const char * t_str  = ggml_type_name(op->type);
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_l2_norm_%s_%s%s", t0_str, t_str, is_c4 ? "_4" : "");
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    res.c4   = is_c4;
+    res.smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_group_norm(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_group_norm_f32");
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_norm(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op, int n_fuse) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_NORM || op->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const char * suffix = "";
+    if (op->ne[0] % 4 == 0) {
+        suffix = "_4";
+    }
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NORM:
+            switch (n_fuse) {
+                case 1: snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_norm_f32%s", suffix);         break;
+                case 2: snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_norm_mul_f32%s", suffix);     break;
+                case 3: snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_norm_mul_add_f32%s", suffix); break;
+                default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            switch (n_fuse) {
+                case 1: snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rms_norm_f32%s", suffix);         break;
+                case 2: snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rms_norm_mul_f32%s", suffix);     break;
+                case 3: snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rms_norm_mul_add_f32%s", suffix); break;
+                default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            } break;
+        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = 32*sizeof(float);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_rope(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_ROPE);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
+
+    const bool is_neox   = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
+    const bool is_mrope  = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    const bool is_imrope = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE;
+    const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
+
+    if (is_neox) {
+        snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rope_neox_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    } else if ((is_mrope || is_imrope) && !is_vision) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->ne[0]*4 >= op->src[0]->ne[2]); // need at least 4 pos per token
+        snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rope_multi_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    } else if (is_vision) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->ne[0]*4 >= op->src[0]->ne[2]); // need at least 4 pos per token
+        snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rope_vision_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    } else {
+        snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_rope_norm_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    }
+
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_imrope=%d", base, is_imrope ? 1 : 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, is_imrope, FC_ROPE + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_im2col(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_IM2COL);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type         == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_im2col_%s", ggml_type_name(op->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type         == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_conv_transpose_1d_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_transpose_2d(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type         == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_conv_transpose_2d_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_2d(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_CONV_2D);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type         == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_conv_2d_%s_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type), ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_upscale(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_UPSCALE);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    const int32_t mode_flags = ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 0);
+    const ggml_scale_mode mode = (ggml_scale_mode) (mode_flags & 0xFF);
+
+    const bool antialias = (mode_flags & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS);
+
+    if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
+        snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_upscale_bilinear_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BICUBIC) {
+        snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_upscale_bicubic_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    } else {
+        snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_upscale_nearest_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    }
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_aa=%d", base, antialias);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(cv, antialias, FC_UPSCALE + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pad(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_PAD);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_pad_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (res.pipeline) {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_pad_reflect_1d_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_arange(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_ARANGE);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_arange_%s", ggml_type_name(op->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_timestep_embedding(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_timestep_embedding_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_opt_step_adamw(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_opt_step_adamw_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_opt_step_sgd(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_opt_step_sgd_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_memset(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor *  op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type == GGML_TYPE_I64);
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_memset_%s", ggml_type_name(op->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s", base);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_count_equal(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const ggml_tensor *  op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == op->src[1]->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type == GGML_TYPE_I64);
+
+    // note: the kernel only supports i32 output due to metal atomic add only supporting atomic_int
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(op->src[0]) < (1LL << 31));
+
+    char base[256];
+    char name[256];
+
+    int nsg = 1;
+    while (32*nsg < ne00 && nsg < 32) {
+        nsg *= 2;
+    }
+
+    snprintf(base, 256, "kernel_count_equal_%s", ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type));
+    snprintf(name, 256, "%s_nsg=%d", base, nsg);
+
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(lib, name);
+    if (!res.pipeline) {
+        ggml_metal_cv_t cv = ggml_metal_cv_init();
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(cv, nsg, FC_COUNT_EQUAL + 0);
+
+        res = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, base, name, cv);
+
+        ggml_metal_cv_free(cv);
+    }
+
+    res.smem = 32 * sizeof(int32_t);
+    res.nsg  = nsg;
+
+    return res;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.h b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd2b3ddeb55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct ggml_metal_buffer_id {
+    void * metal; // id<MTLBuffer>
+    size_t offs;
+};
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_device * ggml_metal_device_t;
+
+//
+// MTLFunctionConstantValues wrapper
+//
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_cv * ggml_metal_cv_t;
+
+ggml_metal_cv_t ggml_metal_cv_init(void);
+void ggml_metal_cv_free(ggml_metal_cv_t cv);
+
+void ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(ggml_metal_cv_t cv, int16_t value, int32_t idx);
+void ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(ggml_metal_cv_t cv, int32_t value, int32_t idx);
+void ggml_metal_cv_set_bool (ggml_metal_cv_t cv, bool    value, int32_t idx);
+
+//
+// MTLComputePipelineState wrapper
+//
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_pipeline * ggml_metal_pipeline_t;
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_t ggml_metal_pipeline_init(void);
+void ggml_metal_pipeline_free(ggml_metal_pipeline_t pipeline);
+
+// a collection of pipelines
+typedef struct ggml_metal_pipelines * ggml_metal_pipelines_t;
+
+ggml_metal_pipelines_t ggml_metal_pipelines_init(void);
+void ggml_metal_pipelines_free(ggml_metal_pipelines_t ppls);
+
+void                  ggml_metal_pipelines_add(ggml_metal_pipelines_t ppls, const char * name, ggml_metal_pipeline_t pipeline);
+ggml_metal_pipeline_t ggml_metal_pipelines_get(ggml_metal_pipelines_t ppls, const char * name);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params {
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_t pipeline;
+
+    int nsg;
+
+    int nr0;
+    int nr1;
+
+    size_t smem;
+
+    bool c4;
+    bool cnt;
+};
+
+int ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params pipeline);
+
+//
+// MTLCommandBuffer wrapper
+//
+
+typedef void * ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t;
+
+//
+// MTLComputeCommandEncoder wrapper
+//
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_encoder * ggml_metal_encoder_t;
+
+ggml_metal_encoder_t ggml_metal_encoder_init(ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf_raw, bool concurrent);
+void ggml_metal_encoder_free(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder);
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_debug_group_push(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, const char * name);
+void ggml_metal_encoder_debug_group_pop (ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder);
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params pipeline);
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes (ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, void * data, size_t size, int idx);
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, struct ggml_metal_buffer_id buffer, int idx);
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, size_t size, int idx);
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, int tg0, int tg1, int tg2, int tptg0, int tptg1, int tptg2);
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_memory_barrier(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder);
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_end_encoding(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder);
+
+//
+// MTLLibrary wrapper
+//
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_library * ggml_metal_library_t;
+
+ggml_metal_library_t ggml_metal_library_init            (ggml_metal_device_t dev);
+ggml_metal_library_t ggml_metal_library_init_from_source(ggml_metal_device_t dev, const char * source, bool verbose);
+
+void ggml_metal_library_free(ggml_metal_library_t lib);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline    (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const char * name);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const char * base, const char * name, ggml_metal_cv_t cv);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_base              (ggml_metal_library_t lib, enum ggml_op op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cpy               (ggml_metal_library_t lib, enum ggml_type tsrc, enum ggml_type tdst);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pool_1d           (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op, enum ggml_op_pool op_pool);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pool_2d           (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op, enum ggml_op_pool op_pool);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_get_rows          (ggml_metal_library_t lib, enum ggml_type tsrc);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_set_rows          (ggml_metal_library_t lib, enum ggml_type tidx, enum ggml_type tdst);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_diag              (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_repeat            (ggml_metal_library_t lib, enum ggml_type tsrc);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_unary             (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_glu               (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_sum               (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_sum_rows          (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cumsum_blk        (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cumsum_add        (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_tri               (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_soft_max          (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_conv          (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_conv_batched  (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op, int ssm_conv_bs);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_scan          (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_rwkv              (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_gated_delta_net   (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_solve_tri         (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv_ext        (ggml_metal_library_t lib, enum ggml_type tsrc0, enum ggml_type tsrc1, int nsg, int nxpsg, int r1ptg);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm            (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv            (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm_id_map0    (ggml_metal_library_t lib, int ne02, int ne20);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm_id         (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv_id         (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argmax            (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argsort           (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argsort_merge     (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_top_k             (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_top_k_merge       (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_bin               (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op, int32_t n_fuse );
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_bin_one           (ggml_metal_library_t lib, enum ggml_op op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_l2_norm           (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_group_norm        (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_norm              (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op, int32_t n_fuse);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_rope              (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_im2col            (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_transpose_1d (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_transpose_2d (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_2d           (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_upscale           (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pad               (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pad_reflect_1d    (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_arange            (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_timestep_embedding(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_opt_step_adamw    (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_opt_step_sgd      (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_memset            (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_count_equal       (ggml_metal_library_t lib, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_pad(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        bool    has_mask,
+        int32_t ncpsg);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_blk(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        int32_t nqptg,
+        int32_t ncpsg);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        bool    has_mask,
+        bool    has_sinks,
+        bool    has_bias,
+        bool    has_scap,
+        bool    has_kvpad,
+        int32_t nsg);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_vec(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        bool    has_mask,
+        bool    has_sinks,
+        bool    has_bias,
+        bool    has_scap,
+        bool    has_kvpad,
+        int32_t nsg,
+        int32_t nwg);
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce(
+        ggml_metal_library_t lib,
+        const struct ggml_tensor * op,
+        int32_t dv,
+        int32_t nwg);
+
+// MTLResidencySet wrapper
+
+typedef void * ggml_metal_rset_t;
+
+// a collection of residency sets (non-owning)
+typedef struct ggml_metal_rsets * ggml_metal_rsets_t;
+
+ggml_metal_rsets_t ggml_metal_rsets_init(void);
+void ggml_metal_rsets_free(ggml_metal_rsets_t rsets);
+
+//
+// device
+//
+
+struct ggml_metal_device_props {
+    int device;
+    char name[128];
+    char desc[128];
+
+    size_t max_buffer_size;
+    size_t max_working_set_size;
+    size_t max_theadgroup_memory_size;
+
+    bool has_simdgroup_reduction;
+    bool has_simdgroup_mm;
+    bool has_unified_memory;
+    bool has_bfloat;
+    bool has_tensor;
+    bool use_residency_sets;
+    bool use_shared_buffers;
+
+    bool supports_gpu_family_apple7;
+
+    int op_offload_min_batch_size;
+};
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_event * ggml_metal_event_t;
+
+void ggml_metal_event_encode_signal(ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf);
+void ggml_metal_event_encode_wait  (ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf);
+
+ggml_metal_device_t ggml_metal_device_init(int device);
+void ggml_metal_device_free(ggml_metal_device_t dev);
+
+ggml_metal_device_t ggml_metal_device_get(int device);
+
+void * ggml_metal_device_get_obj  (ggml_metal_device_t dev); // id<MTLDevice>
+void * ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ggml_metal_device_t dev); // id<MTLCommandQueue>
+
+ggml_metal_library_t ggml_metal_device_get_library(ggml_metal_device_t dev);
+
+void ggml_metal_device_rsets_add(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_rset_t rset);
+void ggml_metal_device_rsets_rm (ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_rset_t rset);
+
+void ggml_metal_device_rsets_keep_alive(ggml_metal_device_t dev);
+
+ggml_metal_event_t ggml_metal_device_event_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev);
+void ggml_metal_device_event_free(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_event_t ev);
+void ggml_metal_device_event_synchronize(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_event_t ev);
+
+void ggml_metal_device_get_memory(ggml_metal_device_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total);
+bool ggml_metal_device_supports_op(ggml_metal_device_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+
+const struct ggml_metal_device_props * ggml_metal_device_get_props(ggml_metal_device_t dev);
+
+//
+// device buffers
+//
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_buffer * ggml_metal_buffer_t;
+
+ggml_metal_buffer_t ggml_metal_buffer_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev, size_t size, bool shared);
+ggml_metal_buffer_t ggml_metal_buffer_map (ggml_metal_device_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size);
+
+void   ggml_metal_buffer_free     (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf);
+void * ggml_metal_buffer_get_base (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf);
+bool   ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf);
+
+void   ggml_metal_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size);
+void   ggml_metal_buffer_set_tensor   (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size);
+void   ggml_metal_buffer_get_tensor   (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size);
+void   ggml_metal_buffer_clear        (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, uint8_t value);
+
+// finds the Metal buffer that contains the tensor data on the GPU device
+// the assumption is that there is 1-to-1 mapping between the host and device memory buffers, so we can find the
+// Metal buffer based on the host memory pointer
+//
+struct ggml_metal_buffer_id ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, const struct ggml_tensor * t);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.m b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.m
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82101f4714e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.m
@@ -0,0 +1,1752 @@
+#import "ggml-metal-device.h"
+
+#import "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#include <Metal/Metal.h>
+
+#include <stdatomic.h>
+
+#ifndef TARGET_OS_VISION
+#define TARGET_OS_VISION 0
+#endif
+
+// create residency sets only on macOS >= 15.0
+#if !TARGET_CPU_X86_64 && TARGET_OS_OSX && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 150000 || \
+    TARGET_OS_IOS && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 180000 || \
+    TARGET_OS_TV && __TV_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 180000 || \
+    TARGET_OS_VISION && __VISION_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 200000
+#define GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS 1
+#endif
+
+// overload of MTLGPUFamilyMetalX (not available in some environments)
+static const NSInteger MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML = 5001;
+static const NSInteger MTLGPUFamilyMetal4_GGML = 5002;
+
+#if !GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
+// Here to assist with NSBundle Path Hack
+@interface GGMLMetalClass : NSObject
+@end
+@implementation GGMLMetalClass
+@end
+#endif
+
+//
+// MTLFunctionConstantValues wrapper
+//
+
+struct ggml_metal_cv {
+    MTLFunctionConstantValues * obj;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_cv_t ggml_metal_cv_init(void) {
+    ggml_metal_cv_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_cv));
+
+    res->obj = [[MTLFunctionConstantValues alloc] init];
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_cv_free(ggml_metal_cv_t cv) {
+    [cv->obj release];
+    free(cv);
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_cv_set_int16(ggml_metal_cv_t cv, int16_t value, int32_t idx) {
+    [cv->obj setConstantValue:&value type:MTLDataTypeShort atIndex:idx];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_cv_set_int32(ggml_metal_cv_t cv, int32_t value, int32_t idx) {
+    [cv->obj setConstantValue:&value type:MTLDataTypeInt atIndex:idx];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_cv_set_bool(ggml_metal_cv_t cv, bool value, int32_t idx) {
+    [cv->obj setConstantValue:&value type:MTLDataTypeBool atIndex:idx];
+}
+
+//
+// MTLComputePipelineState wrapper
+//
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline {
+    id<MTLComputePipelineState> obj;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_pipeline_t ggml_metal_pipeline_init(void) {
+    ggml_metal_pipeline_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_pipeline));
+
+    *res = (struct ggml_metal_pipeline) {
+        /*.obj  =*/ nil,
+    };
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_pipeline_free(ggml_metal_pipeline_t pipeline) {
+    [pipeline->obj release];
+
+    free(pipeline);
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params pipeline) {
+    return pipeline.pipeline->obj.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup;
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_library {
+    id<MTLLibrary> obj;
+    id<MTLDevice> device;
+
+    ggml_metal_pipelines_t pipelines; // cache of compiled pipelines
+
+    NSLock * lock;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_library_t ggml_metal_library_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    id<MTLLibrary> library = nil;
+    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_metal_device_get_obj(dev);
+
+    // load library
+    //
+    // - first check if the library is embedded
+    // - then check if the library is in the bundle
+    // - if not found, load the source and compile it
+    // - if that fails, return NULL
+    //
+    // TODO: move to a function
+    {
+        const int64_t t_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+        NSError * error = nil;
+        NSString * src = nil;
+
+#if GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: using embedded metal library\n", __func__);
+
+        extern const char ggml_metallib_start[];
+        extern const char ggml_metallib_end[];
+
+        src = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:ggml_metallib_start length:(ggml_metallib_end-ggml_metallib_start) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+#else
+
+#ifdef SWIFT_PACKAGE
+        NSBundle * bundle = SWIFTPM_MODULE_BUNDLE;
+#else
+        NSBundle * bundle = [NSBundle bundleForClass:[GGMLMetalClass class]];
+#endif
+
+        NSString * path_lib = [bundle pathForResource:@"default" ofType:@"metallib"];
+        if (path_lib == nil) {
+            // Try to find the resource in the directory where the current binary located.
+            NSString * bin_cur = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] arguments][0];
+            NSString * bin_dir = [bin_cur stringByDeletingLastPathComponent];
+
+            NSString * path_lib_default = [NSString pathWithComponents:@[bin_dir, @"default.metallib"]];
+            if ([[NSFileManager defaultManager] isReadableFileAtPath:path_lib_default]) {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found '%s'\n", __func__, [path_lib_default UTF8String]);
+
+                NSDictionary * atts = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfItemAtPath:path_lib_default error:&error];
+                if (atts && atts[NSFileType] == NSFileTypeSymbolicLink) {
+                    // Optionally, if this is a symlink, try to resolve it.
+                    path_lib_default = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] destinationOfSymbolicLinkAtPath:path_lib_default error:&error];
+                    if (path_lib_default && [path_lib_default length] > 0 && ![[path_lib_default substringToIndex:1] isEqualToString:@"/"]) {
+                        // It is a relative path, adding the binary directory as directory prefix.
+                        path_lib_default = [NSString pathWithComponents:@[bin_dir, path_lib_default]];
+                    }
+                    if (!path_lib_default || ![[NSFileManager defaultManager] isReadableFileAtPath:path_lib_default]) {
+                        // Link to the resource could not be resolved.
+                        path_lib_default = nil;
+                    } else {
+                        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: symlink resolved '%s'\n", __func__, [path_lib_default UTF8String]);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                // The resource couldn't be found in the binary's directory.
+                path_lib_default = nil;
+            }
+
+            path_lib = path_lib_default;
+        }
+
+        if (path_lib != nil) {
+            // pre-compiled library found
+            NSURL * libURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path_lib];
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: loading '%s'\n", __func__, [path_lib UTF8String]);
+
+            library = [device newLibraryWithURL:libURL error:&error];
+            if (error) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+                return nil;
+            }
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: default.metallib not found, loading from source\n", __func__);
+
+            NSString * path_source;
+            NSString * path_resource = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo].environment objectForKey:@"GGML_METAL_PATH_RESOURCES"];
+
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GGML_METAL_PATH_RESOURCES = %s\n", __func__, path_resource ? [path_resource UTF8String] : "nil");
+
+            if (path_resource) {
+                path_source = [path_resource stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"ggml-metal.metal"];
+            } else {
+                path_source = [bundle pathForResource:@"ggml-metal" ofType:@"metal"];
+            }
+
+            if (path_source == nil) {
+                GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: error: could not use bundle path to find ggml-metal.metal, falling back to trying cwd\n", __func__);
+                path_source = @"ggml-metal.metal";
+            }
+
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: loading '%s'\n", __func__, [path_source UTF8String]);
+
+            src = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path_source encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
+            if (error) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+                return nil;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (!library) {
+            @autoreleasepool {
+                // dictionary of preprocessor macros
+                NSMutableDictionary * prep = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
+
+                if (ggml_metal_device_get_props(dev)->has_bfloat) {
+                    [prep setObject:@"1" forKey:@"GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16"];
+                }
+
+                if (ggml_metal_device_get_props(dev)->has_tensor) {
+                    [prep setObject:@"1" forKey:@"GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR"];
+                }
+
+#if GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
+                [prep setObject:@"1" forKey:@"GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY"];
+#endif
+
+                MTLCompileOptions * options = [MTLCompileOptions new];
+                options.preprocessorMacros = prep;
+
+                //[options setFastMathEnabled:false];
+
+                library = [device newLibraryWithSource:src options:options error:&error];
+                if (error) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+                    return nil;
+                }
+
+#if !__has_feature(objc_arc)
+                [options release];
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+
+#if GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
+        [src release];
+#endif // GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
+
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: loaded in %.3f sec\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_start) / 1e6);
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_library));
+
+    res->obj       = library;
+    res->device    = device;
+    res->pipelines = ggml_metal_pipelines_init();
+    res->lock      = [NSLock new];
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_library_t ggml_metal_library_init_from_source(ggml_metal_device_t dev, const char * source, bool verbose) {
+    if (source == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: source is NULL\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_metal_device_get_obj(dev);
+    id<MTLLibrary> library = nil;
+    NSError * error = nil;
+
+    const int64_t t_start = ggml_time_us();
+
+    NSString * src = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:source
+                                              length:strlen(source)
+                                            encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    if (!src) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to create NSString from source\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        NSMutableDictionary * prep = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
+
+        MTLCompileOptions * options = [MTLCompileOptions new];
+        options.preprocessorMacros = prep;
+
+        library = [device newLibraryWithSource:src options:options error:&error];
+        if (error) {
+            if (verbose) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error compiling source: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+            } else {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error compiling source\n", __func__);
+            }
+            library = nil;
+        }
+
+        [options release];
+    }
+
+    [src release];
+
+    if (!library) {
+        if (verbose) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to create Metal library from source\n", __func__);
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (verbose) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: compiled in %.3f sec\n", __func__, (ggml_time_us() - t_start) / 1e6);
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_library));
+    if (!res) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: calloc failed\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    res->obj       = library;
+    res->device    = device;
+    res->pipelines = ggml_metal_pipelines_init();
+    res->lock      = [NSLock new];
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_library_free(ggml_metal_library_t lib) {
+    if (!lib) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (lib->obj) {
+        [lib->obj release];
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_pipelines_free(lib->pipelines);
+
+    [lib->lock release];
+
+    free(lib);
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const char * name) {
+    [lib->lock lock];
+
+    struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = {
+        /*.pipeline =*/ nil,
+        /*.nsg      =*/ 0,
+        /*.nr0      =*/ 0,
+        /*.nr1      =*/ 0,
+        /*.smem     =*/ 0,
+        /*.c4       =*/ false,
+        /*.cnt      =*/ false,
+    };
+
+    res.pipeline = ggml_metal_pipelines_get(lib->pipelines, name);
+
+    [lib->lock unlock];
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(ggml_metal_library_t lib, const char * base, const char * name, ggml_metal_cv_t cv) {
+    struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params res = {
+        /*.pipeline =*/ nil,
+        /*.nsg      =*/ 0,
+        /*.nr0      =*/ 0,
+        /*.nr1      =*/ 0,
+        /*.smem     =*/ 0,
+        /*.c4       =*/ false,
+        /*.cnt      =*/ false,
+    };
+
+    [lib->lock lock];
+
+    res.pipeline = ggml_metal_pipelines_get(lib->pipelines, name);
+    if (res.pipeline) {
+        [lib->lock unlock];
+
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        NSError * error = nil;
+
+        NSString * base_func = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:base];
+
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: compiling pipeline: base = '%s', name = '%s'\n", __func__, base, name);
+
+        id<MTLFunction> mtl_function;
+        if (!cv) {
+            mtl_function = [lib->obj newFunctionWithName:base_func];
+        } else {
+            mtl_function = [lib->obj newFunctionWithName:base_func constantValues:cv->obj error:&error];
+        }
+        if (!mtl_function) {
+            [lib->lock unlock];
+
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to compile pipeline: base = '%s', name = '%s'\n", __func__, base, name);
+            if (error) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+            }
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        id<MTLComputePipelineState> obj = [lib->device newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:mtl_function error:&error];
+
+        [mtl_function release];
+
+        if (!obj) {
+            [lib->lock unlock];
+
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to create pipeline state: base = '%s', name = '%s'\n", __func__, base, name);
+            if (error) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+            }
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: loaded %-40s %16p | th_max = %4d | th_width = %4d\n", __func__, name,
+                (void *) obj,
+                (int)    obj.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup,
+                (int)    obj.threadExecutionWidth);
+
+        if (obj.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup == 0 || obj.threadExecutionWidth == 0) {
+            [obj release];
+
+            [lib->lock unlock];
+
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: incompatible pipeline %s\n", __func__, name);
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        res.pipeline = ggml_metal_pipeline_init();
+        res.pipeline->obj = obj;
+
+        ggml_metal_pipelines_add(lib->pipelines, name, res.pipeline);
+    }
+
+    [lib->lock unlock];
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+//
+// MTLComputeCommandEncoder wrapper
+//
+
+struct ggml_metal_encoder {
+    id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> obj;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_encoder_t ggml_metal_encoder_init(ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf_raw, bool concurrent) {
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_encoder));
+
+    id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = (id<MTLCommandBuffer>) cmd_buf_raw;
+
+    if (concurrent) {
+        res->obj = [cmd_buf computeCommandEncoderWithDispatchType: MTLDispatchTypeConcurrent];
+    } else {
+        res->obj = [cmd_buf computeCommandEncoder];
+    }
+
+    [res->obj retain];
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_free(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder) {
+    [encoder->obj release];
+    free(encoder);
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_debug_group_push(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, const char * name) {
+    [encoder->obj pushDebugGroup:[NSString stringWithCString:name encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_debug_group_pop (ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder) {
+    [encoder->obj popDebugGroup];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params pipeline) {
+    [encoder->obj setComputePipelineState:pipeline.pipeline->obj];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, void * data, size_t size, int idx) {
+    [encoder->obj setBytes:data length:size atIndex:idx];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, struct ggml_metal_buffer_id buffer, int idx) {
+    [encoder->obj setBuffer:buffer.metal offset:buffer.offs atIndex:idx];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, size_t size, int idx) {
+    [encoder->obj setThreadgroupMemoryLength:size atIndex:idx];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder, int tg0, int tg1, int tg2, int tptg0, int tptg1, int tptg2) {
+    [encoder->obj dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(tg0, tg1, tg2) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(tptg0, tptg1, tptg2)];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_memory_barrier(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder) {
+    [encoder->obj memoryBarrierWithScope:MTLBarrierScopeBuffers];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_encoder_end_encoding(ggml_metal_encoder_t encoder) {
+    [encoder->obj endEncoding];
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_device {
+    id<MTLDevice> mtl_device;
+
+    // a single global queue shared by all Metal backends
+    // technically not needed for devices with unified memory, but enables discrete GPUs support
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15906
+    id<MTLCommandQueue> mtl_queue;
+
+    ggml_metal_rsets_t rsets;
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t library;
+
+    struct ggml_metal_device_props props;
+
+    // virtual address for GPU memory allocations
+    atomic_uintptr_t addr_virt;
+};
+
+//
+// MTLResidenceSet wrapper
+//
+
+struct ggml_metal_rsets {
+    NSLock * lock;
+
+    NSMutableArray * data;
+
+    // number of seconds since the last graph computation
+    // keep the residency sets wired for that amount of time to avoid being collected by the OS
+    int keep_alive_s;
+
+    // background heartbeat thread to keep the residency sets alive
+    atomic_bool d_stop;
+    atomic_int  d_loop;
+
+    dispatch_group_t d_group;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_rsets_t ggml_metal_rsets_init(void) {
+    ggml_metal_rsets_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_rsets));
+
+    res->lock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
+    res->data = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
+
+    // by default keep the memory wired for 3 minutes
+    res->keep_alive_s = 3*60;
+
+    const char * GGML_METAL_RESIDENCY_KEEP_ALIVE_S = getenv("GGML_METAL_RESIDENCY_KEEP_ALIVE_S");
+    if (GGML_METAL_RESIDENCY_KEEP_ALIVE_S) {
+        res->keep_alive_s = atoi(GGML_METAL_RESIDENCY_KEEP_ALIVE_S);
+    }
+
+    if (res->keep_alive_s <= 0) {
+        res->keep_alive_s = 3*60;
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: creating a residency set collection (keep_alive = %d s)\n", __func__, res->keep_alive_s);
+
+    atomic_store_explicit(&res->d_stop, false, memory_order_relaxed);
+    atomic_store_explicit(&res->d_loop, 2*res->keep_alive_s, memory_order_relaxed);
+
+    res->d_group = dispatch_group_create();
+
+    // start a background thread that periodically requests residency for all the currently active sets in the collection
+    // the requests stop after a certain amount of time (keep_alive_s) of inactivity
+    dispatch_queue_t d_queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(QOS_CLASS_DEFAULT, 0);
+    dispatch_group_async(res->d_group, d_queue, ^{
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
+        if (@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)) {
+              while (!atomic_load_explicit(&res->d_stop, memory_order_relaxed)) {
+                  if (atomic_load_explicit(&res->d_loop, memory_order_relaxed) > 0) {
+                      [res->lock lock];
+
+                      for (int i = 0; i < (int) res->data.count; ++i) {
+                          [res->data[i] requestResidency];
+                      }
+
+                      atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&res->d_loop, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+
+                      [res->lock unlock];
+                  }
+
+                  // half a second
+                  usleep(500 * 1000);
+              }
+        }
+#endif
+    });
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_rsets_free(ggml_metal_rsets_t rsets) {
+    if (rsets == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // note: if you hit this assert, most likely you haven't deallocated all Metal resources before exiting
+    GGML_ASSERT([rsets->data count] == 0);
+
+    atomic_store_explicit(&rsets->d_stop, true, memory_order_relaxed);
+
+    dispatch_group_wait(rsets->d_group, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+    dispatch_release(rsets->d_group);
+
+    [rsets->data release];
+    [rsets->lock release];
+
+    free(rsets);
+}
+
+ggml_metal_device_t ggml_metal_device_init(int device) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t dev = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_device));
+
+    assert(dev != NULL);
+
+    if (dev->mtl_device == nil) {
+        dev->mtl_device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
+
+        if (dev->mtl_device) {
+            dev->mtl_queue = [dev->mtl_device newCommandQueue];
+            if (dev->mtl_queue == nil) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create command queue\n", __func__);
+            }
+
+            dev->addr_virt = 0x000000400ULL;
+
+            dev->props.device = device;
+            dev->props.has_simdgroup_reduction  = [dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7];
+            dev->props.has_simdgroup_reduction |= [dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML];
+
+            dev->props.has_simdgroup_mm = [dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7];
+            dev->props.has_unified_memory = dev->mtl_device.hasUnifiedMemory;
+
+            dev->props.has_bfloat  = [dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML];
+            dev->props.has_bfloat |= [dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple6];
+            if (getenv("GGML_METAL_BF16_DISABLE") != NULL) {
+                dev->props.has_bfloat = false;
+            }
+
+            dev->props.has_tensor = [dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyMetal4_GGML];
+            if (getenv("GGML_METAL_TENSOR_DISABLE") != NULL) {
+                dev->props.has_tensor = false;
+            }
+
+            // note: disable the tensor API by default for old chips because with the current implementation it is not useful
+            // - M2 Ultra:   ~5% slower
+            // - M4, M4 Max: no significant difference
+            //
+            // TODO: try to update the tensor API kernels to at least match the simdgroup performance
+            if (getenv("GGML_METAL_TENSOR_ENABLE") == NULL &&
+                ![[dev->mtl_device name] containsString:@"M5"] &&
+                ![[dev->mtl_device name] containsString:@"M6"] &&
+                ![[dev->mtl_device name] containsString:@"A19"] &&
+                ![[dev->mtl_device name] containsString:@"A20"]) {
+                GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: tensor API disabled for pre-M5 and pre-A19 devices\n", __func__);
+                dev->props.has_tensor = false;
+            }
+
+            // double-check that the tensor API compiles
+            if (dev->props.has_tensor) {
+                const char * src_tensor_f16 = "\n"
+                    "#include <metal_stdlib> \n"
+                    "#include <metal_tensor> \n"
+                    "#include <MetalPerformancePrimitives/MetalPerformancePrimitives.h> \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "using namespace metal; \n"
+                    "using namespace mpp::tensor_ops; \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "kernel void dummy_kernel( \n"
+                    "    tensor<device  half, dextents<int32_t, 2>> A [[buffer(0)]], \n"
+                    "    tensor<device  half, dextents<int32_t, 2>> B [[buffer(1)]], \n"
+                    "    device float * C [[buffer(2)]], \n"
+                    "    uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]]) \n"
+                    "{ \n"
+                    "    auto tA = A.slice(0, (int)tgid.y); \n"
+                    "    auto tB = B.slice((int)tgid.x, 0); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    matmul2d< \n"
+                    "        matmul2d_descriptor(8, 8, dynamic_extent), \n"
+                    "        execution_simdgroups<4>> mm; \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    auto cT = mm.get_destination_cooperative_tensor<decltype(tA), decltype(tB), float>(); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    auto sA = tA.slice(0, 0); \n"
+                    "    auto sB = tB.slice(0, 0); \n"
+                    "    mm.run(sB, sA, cT); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    auto tC = tensor<device float, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(C, dextents<int32_t, 2>(4, 4)); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    cT.store(tC); \n"
+                    "}";
+
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: testing tensor API for f16 support\n", __func__);
+                ggml_metal_library_t lib = ggml_metal_library_init_from_source(dev, src_tensor_f16, false);
+                if (lib == NULL) {
+                    GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: - the tensor API is not supported in this environment - disabling\n", __func__);
+                    dev->props.has_tensor = false;
+                } else {
+                    struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ppl = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, "dummy_kernel", "dummy_kernel", nil);
+                    if (!ppl.pipeline) {
+                        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: - the tensor API is not supported in this environment - disabling\n", __func__);
+                        dev->props.has_tensor = false;
+                    }
+
+                    ggml_metal_library_free(lib);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // try to compile a dummy kernel to determine if the tensor API is supported for bfloat
+            if (dev->props.has_tensor && dev->props.has_bfloat) {
+                const char * src_tensor_bf16 = "\n"
+                    "#include <metal_stdlib> \n"
+                    "#include <metal_tensor> \n"
+                    "#include <MetalPerformancePrimitives/MetalPerformancePrimitives.h> \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "using namespace metal; \n"
+                    "using namespace mpp::tensor_ops; \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "kernel void dummy_kernel( \n"
+                    "    tensor<device bfloat, dextents<int32_t, 2>> A [[buffer(0)]], \n"
+                    "    tensor<device bfloat, dextents<int32_t, 2>> B [[buffer(1)]], \n"
+                    "    device float * C [[buffer(2)]], \n"
+                    "    uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]]) \n"
+                    "{ \n"
+                    "    auto tA = A.slice(0, (int)tgid.y); \n"
+                    "    auto tB = B.slice((int)tgid.x, 0); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    matmul2d< \n"
+                    "        matmul2d_descriptor(8, 8, dynamic_extent), \n"
+                    "        execution_simdgroups<4>> mm; \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    auto cT = mm.get_destination_cooperative_tensor<decltype(tA), decltype(tB), float>(); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    auto sA = tA.slice(0, 0); \n"
+                    "    auto sB = tB.slice(0, 0); \n"
+                    "    mm.run(sB, sA, cT); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    auto tC = tensor<device float, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(C, dextents<int32_t, 2>(4, 4)); \n"
+                    " \n"
+                    "    cT.store(tC); \n"
+                    "}";
+
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: testing tensor API for bfloat support\n", __func__);
+                ggml_metal_library_t lib = ggml_metal_library_init_from_source(dev, src_tensor_bf16, false);
+                if (lib == NULL) {
+                    GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: - the tensor API does not support bfloat - disabling bfloat support\n", __func__);
+                    dev->props.has_bfloat = false;
+                } else {
+                    struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params ppl = ggml_metal_library_compile_pipeline(lib, "dummy_kernel", "dummy_kernel", nil);
+                    if (!ppl.pipeline) {
+                        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: - the tensor API does not support bfloat - disabling bfloat support\n", __func__);
+                        dev->props.has_bfloat = false;
+                    }
+
+                    ggml_metal_library_free(lib);
+                }
+            }
+
+            dev->props.use_residency_sets = true;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
+            dev->props.use_residency_sets = getenv("GGML_METAL_NO_RESIDENCY") == nil;
+#endif
+
+            dev->props.use_shared_buffers = dev->props.has_unified_memory;
+#if TARGET_OS_OSX
+            // In case of eGPU, shared memory may be preferable.
+            dev->props.use_shared_buffers |= [dev->mtl_device location] == MTLDeviceLocationExternal;
+#endif
+            if (getenv("GGML_METAL_SHARED_BUFFERS_DISABLE") != NULL) {
+                dev->props.use_shared_buffers = false;
+            }
+            if (getenv("GGML_METAL_SHARED_BUFFERS_ENABLE") != NULL) {
+                dev->props.use_shared_buffers = true;
+            }
+
+            dev->props.supports_gpu_family_apple7 = [dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7];
+
+            dev->props.op_offload_min_batch_size  = getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH") ? atoi(getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH")) : 32;
+
+            dev->props.max_buffer_size            = dev->mtl_device.maxBufferLength;
+            dev->props.max_theadgroup_memory_size = dev->mtl_device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength;
+            if (@available(macOS 10.12, iOS 16.0, *)) {
+                dev->props.max_working_set_size   = dev->mtl_device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize;
+            } else {
+                dev->props.max_working_set_size   = dev->mtl_device.maxBufferLength;
+            }
+
+            snprintf(dev->props.name, sizeof(dev->props.name), "%s%d", "MTL", device);
+            snprintf(dev->props.desc, sizeof(dev->props.desc), "%s", [[dev->mtl_device name] UTF8String]);
+
+            dev->library = ggml_metal_library_init(dev);
+            if (!dev->library) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create library\n", __func__);
+            }
+
+            if (dev->props.use_residency_sets) {
+                dev->rsets = ggml_metal_rsets_init();
+            } else {
+                dev->rsets = nil;
+            }
+
+            // print MTL GPU family:
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU name:   %s\n", __func__, dev->props.name);
+
+            // determine max supported GPU family
+            // https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf
+            // https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Feature-Set-Tables.pdf
+            {
+                for (int i = MTLGPUFamilyApple1 + 20; i >= MTLGPUFamilyApple1; --i) {
+                    if ([dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:i]) {
+                        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU family: MTLGPUFamilyApple%d  (%d)\n", __func__, i - (int) MTLGPUFamilyApple1 + 1, i);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (int i = MTLGPUFamilyCommon1 + 5; i >= MTLGPUFamilyCommon1; --i) {
+                    if ([dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:i]) {
+                        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU family: MTLGPUFamilyCommon%d (%d)\n", __func__, i - (int) MTLGPUFamilyCommon1 + 1, i);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (int i = MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML + 5; i >= MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML; --i) {
+                    if ([dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:i]) {
+                        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU family: MTLGPUFamilyMetal%d  (%d)\n", __func__, i - (int) MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML + 3, i);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: simdgroup reduction   = %s\n", __func__, dev->props.has_simdgroup_reduction ? "true" : "false");
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: simdgroup matrix mul. = %s\n", __func__, dev->props.has_simdgroup_mm        ? "true" : "false");
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: has unified memory    = %s\n", __func__, dev->props.has_unified_memory      ? "true" : "false");
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: has bfloat            = %s\n", __func__, dev->props.has_bfloat              ? "true" : "false");
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: has tensor            = %s\n", __func__, dev->props.has_tensor              ? "true" : "false");
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: use residency sets    = %s\n", __func__, dev->props.use_residency_sets      ? "true" : "false");
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: use shared buffers    = %s\n", __func__, dev->props.use_shared_buffers      ? "true" : "false");
+
+#if TARGET_OS_OSX || (TARGET_OS_IOS && __clang_major__ >= 15)
+            if (@available(macOS 10.12, iOS 16.0, *)) {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize  = %8.2f MB\n", __func__, dev->props.max_working_set_size / 1e6);
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    return dev;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_device_free(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    assert(dev != NULL);
+
+    ggml_metal_rsets_free(dev->rsets);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_free(dev->library);
+    dev->library = NULL;
+
+    if (dev->mtl_queue) {
+        [dev->mtl_queue release];
+        dev->mtl_queue = nil;
+    }
+
+    if (dev->mtl_device) {
+        [dev->mtl_device release];
+        dev->mtl_device = nil;
+    }
+
+    free(dev);
+}
+
+void * ggml_metal_device_get_obj(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    return dev->mtl_device;
+}
+
+void * ggml_metal_device_get_queue(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    return dev->mtl_queue;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_library_t ggml_metal_device_get_library(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    return dev->library;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_device_rsets_add(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_rset_t rset) {
+    if (rset == nil) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dev->rsets);
+
+    [dev->rsets->lock lock];
+
+    [dev->rsets->data addObject:rset];
+
+    [dev->rsets->lock unlock];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_device_rsets_rm(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_rset_t rset) {
+    if (rset == nil) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dev->rsets);
+
+    [dev->rsets->lock lock];
+
+    [dev->rsets->data removeObject:rset];
+
+    [dev->rsets->lock unlock];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_device_rsets_keep_alive(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    if (dev->rsets == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    atomic_store_explicit(&dev->rsets->d_loop, 2*dev->rsets->keep_alive_s, memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_event {
+    void * obj; // id<MTLEvent>
+
+    atomic_int value;
+};
+
+void ggml_metal_event_encode_signal(ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf_raw) {
+    id<MTLEvent> event = (id<MTLEvent>)ev->obj;
+
+    id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = (id<MTLCommandBuffer>) cmd_buf_raw;
+
+    [cmd_buf encodeSignalEvent:event value:atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&ev->value, 1, memory_order_relaxed) + 1];
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_event_encode_wait(ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf_raw) {
+    id<MTLEvent> event = (id<MTLEvent>)ev->obj;
+
+    id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = (id<MTLCommandBuffer>) cmd_buf_raw;
+
+    [cmd_buf encodeWaitForEvent:event value:atomic_load_explicit(&ev->value, memory_order_relaxed)];
+}
+
+ggml_metal_event_t ggml_metal_device_event_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    id<MTLEvent> event = [dev->mtl_device newEvent];
+
+    ggml_metal_event_t ev = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_event));
+
+    ev->obj = (__bridge void *)event;
+    ev->value = 0;
+
+    return ev;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_device_event_free(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_event_t ev) {
+    id<MTLEvent> event = ev->obj;
+    [event release];
+
+    free(ev);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_device_event_synchronize(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_event_t ev) {
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        id<MTLEvent> event = ev->obj;
+
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [dev->mtl_queue commandBuffer];
+        [cmd_buf encodeWaitForEvent:event value:atomic_load_explicit(&ev->value, memory_order_relaxed)];
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+        [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_device_get_memory(ggml_metal_device_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    if (@available(macOS 10.12, iOS 16.0, *)) {
+        *total = dev->mtl_device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize;
+        *free  = *total - dev->mtl_device.currentAllocatedSize;
+    } else {
+        *free = 0;
+        *total = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+bool ggml_metal_device_supports_op(ggml_metal_device_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const bool has_simdgroup_mm        = dev->props.has_simdgroup_mm;
+    const bool has_simdgroup_reduction = dev->props.has_simdgroup_reduction;
+    const bool has_bfloat              = dev->props.has_bfloat;
+
+    if (!has_bfloat) {
+        if (op->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0, n = 3; i < n; ++i) {
+            if (op->src[i] != NULL && op->src[i]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+        case GGML_OP_SIN:
+        case GGML_OP_COS:
+        case GGML_OP_LOG:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]) && (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]) && (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+               default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+        case GGML_OP_ACC:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[1]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]) &&
+                (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) &&
+                op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_SUM:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+        case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction &&
+                op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 &&
+                op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 &&
+                op->type == GGML_TYPE_I64;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction;
+        case GGML_OP_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction && (ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]) && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
+                   op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                   op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                   (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_1D:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            // TODO: add circular padding support for metal, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16985
+            if (ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 8) != 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return (ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 0) == 0) && (ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 2) == 0) &&
+                   (ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 4) == 0) && (ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 6) == 0);
+        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
+        case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
+        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            // for new head sizes, add checks here
+            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] != 32 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 40 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 48 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 64 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 72 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 80 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 96 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 112 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 128 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 192 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 256 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 320 &&
+                op->src[0]->ne[0] != 576) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (op->src[1]->type != op->src[2]->type) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return has_simdgroup_mm; // TODO: over-restricted for vec-kernels
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction;
+        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
+        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction && op->src[2]->ne[0] % 32 == 0;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction && op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_NVFP4;
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+        case GGML_OP_DUP:
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            {
+                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                        switch (op->type) {
+                           case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+                           case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                                return true;
+                           default:
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        switch (op->type) {
+                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                                return true;
+                            default:
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                        switch (op->type) {
+                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                                return true;
+                            default:
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                        switch (op->type) {
+                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                                return true;
+                            default:
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                        return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                };
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            return op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_NVFP4;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                if (op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                switch (op->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                };
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+            return has_simdgroup_reduction;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+const struct ggml_metal_device_props * ggml_metal_device_get_props(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
+    return &dev->props;
+}
+
+//
+// device buffers
+//
+
+// max memory buffers that can be mapped to the device
+#define GGML_METAL_MAX_BUFFERS 64
+
+struct ggml_metal_buffer_wrapper {
+    void   * data;
+    size_t   size;
+
+    id<MTLBuffer> metal;
+};
+
+struct ggml_metal_buffer {
+    void * all_data;
+    size_t all_size;
+
+    // if false, the Metal buffer data is allocated in private GPU memory and is not shared with the host
+    bool is_shared;
+    bool owned;
+
+    // multiple buffers are used only to avoid the maximum buffer size limitation when using mmap
+    int n_buffers;
+    struct ggml_metal_buffer_wrapper buffers[GGML_METAL_MAX_BUFFERS];
+
+    bool use_residency_sets;
+
+    // optional MTLResidencySet
+    // note: cannot use explicitly "id<MTLResidencySet>" here because it is not available on certain OSes
+    id rset;
+
+    // pointers to global device
+    ggml_metal_device_t dev;
+};
+
+static void ggml_metal_log_allocated_size(id<MTLDevice> device, size_t size_aligned) {
+#ifndef GGML_METAL_NDEBUG
+#if TARGET_OS_OSX || (TARGET_OS_IOS && __clang_major__ >= 15)
+    if (@available(macOS 10.12, iOS 16.0, *)) {
+        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: allocated buffer, size = %8.2f MiB, (%8.2f / %8.2f)\n",
+                __func__,
+                size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
+                device.currentAllocatedSize / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
+                device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+
+        if (device.currentAllocatedSize > device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: warning: current allocated size is greater than the recommended max working set size\n", __func__);
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: allocated buffer, size = %8.2f MiB, (%8.2f)\n",
+                __func__,
+                size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
+                device.currentAllocatedSize / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+    GGML_UNUSED(device);
+    GGML_UNUSED(size_aligned);
+}
+
+// rset init
+static bool ggml_metal_buffer_rset_init(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf) {
+    buf->rset = nil;
+
+    if (!buf->use_residency_sets) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
+    if (@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)) {
+        MTLResidencySetDescriptor * desc = [[MTLResidencySetDescriptor alloc] init];
+        desc.label = @"ggml_metal";
+        desc.initialCapacity = buf->n_buffers;
+
+        NSError * error;
+        buf->rset = [buf->dev->mtl_device newResidencySetWithDescriptor:desc error:&error];
+        if (error) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+            [desc release];
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        [desc release];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < buf->n_buffers; i++) {
+            [buf->rset addAllocation:buf->buffers[i].metal];
+        }
+
+        [buf->rset commit];
+        [buf->rset requestResidency];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// rset free
+static void ggml_metal_buffer_rset_free(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf) {
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
+    if (@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)) {
+        if (buf->rset) {
+            [buf->rset endResidency];
+            [buf->rset removeAllAllocations];
+            [buf->rset release];
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(buf);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void * ggml_metal_host_malloc(size_t n) {
+    void * data = NULL;
+
+#if TARGET_OS_OSX
+    kern_return_t err = vm_allocate((vm_map_t) mach_task_self(), (void *) &data, n, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE);
+    if (err != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: vm_allocate failed\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#else
+    const int result = posix_memalign((void **) &data, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE), n);
+    if (result != 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: posix_memalign failed\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_buffer_t ggml_metal_buffer_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev, size_t size, bool shared) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_buffer));
+
+    res->dev = dev;
+
+    const size_t size_page = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+    size_t size_aligned = size;
+    if ((size_aligned % size_page) != 0) {
+        size_aligned += (size_page - (size_aligned % size_page));
+    }
+
+    const struct ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(dev);
+
+    shared = shared && props_dev->use_shared_buffers;
+
+    // allocate shared buffer if the device supports it and it is required by the buffer type
+    if (shared) {
+        res->all_data = ggml_metal_host_malloc(size_aligned);
+        res->is_shared = true;
+    } else {
+        // use virtual address
+        res->all_data = (void *) atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&dev->addr_virt, size_aligned, memory_order_relaxed);
+        res->is_shared = false;
+    }
+    res->all_size = size_aligned;
+
+    res->owned = true;
+
+    res->n_buffers = 1;
+
+    if (res->all_data != NULL) {
+        res->buffers[0].size  = size;
+        res->buffers[0].metal = nil;
+
+        if (size_aligned > 0) {
+            if (props_dev->use_shared_buffers && shared) {
+                res->buffers[0].metal = [res->dev->mtl_device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:res->all_data
+                                                                  length:size_aligned
+                                                                 options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared
+                                                             deallocator:nil];
+            } else {
+                res->buffers[0].metal = [res->dev->mtl_device newBufferWithLength:size_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModePrivate];
+            }
+        }
+
+        res->buffers[0].data = res->all_data;
+    }
+
+    if (size_aligned > 0 && (res->all_data == NULL || res->buffers[0].metal == nil)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+        free(res);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    res->use_residency_sets = props_dev->use_residency_sets;
+
+    if (!ggml_metal_buffer_rset_init(res)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
+        free(res);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_device_rsets_add(dev, res->rset);
+
+    //ggml_metal_log_allocated_size(device, size_aligned);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+ggml_metal_buffer_t ggml_metal_buffer_map(ggml_metal_device_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t res = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_buffer));
+
+    res->dev = dev;
+
+    res->all_data = ptr;
+    res->all_size = size;
+
+    res->is_shared = true;
+    res->owned = false;
+
+    res->n_buffers = 0;
+
+    const size_t size_page = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+    // page-align the data ptr
+    {
+        const uintptr_t offs = (uintptr_t) ptr % size_page;
+        ptr  = (void *) ((char *) ptr - offs);
+        size += offs;
+    }
+
+    size_t size_aligned = size;
+    if ((size_aligned % size_page) != 0) {
+        size_aligned += (size_page - (size_aligned % size_page));
+    }
+
+    const struct ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(dev);
+
+    // the buffer fits into the max buffer size allowed by the device
+    if (size_aligned <= props_dev->max_buffer_size) {
+        res->buffers[res->n_buffers].data  = ptr;
+        res->buffers[res->n_buffers].size  = size;
+        res->buffers[res->n_buffers].metal = nil;
+
+        if (size_aligned > 0) {
+            res->buffers[res->n_buffers].metal = [res->dev->mtl_device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:ptr length:size_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared deallocator:nil];
+
+            if (res->buffers[res->n_buffers].metal == nil) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+                free(res);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_metal_log_allocated_size(res->dev->mtl_device, size_aligned);
+
+        ++res->n_buffers;
+    } else {
+        // this overlap between the views will guarantee that the tensor with the maximum size will fully fit into
+        // one of the views
+        const size_t size_ovlp = ((max_tensor_size + size_page - 1) / size_page + 1) * size_page; // round-up 2 pages just in case
+        const size_t size_step = props_dev->max_buffer_size - size_ovlp;
+        const size_t size_view = props_dev->max_buffer_size;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += size_step) {
+            const size_t size_step_aligned = (i + size_view <= size) ? size_view : (size_aligned - i);
+
+            res->buffers[res->n_buffers].data  = (void *) ((uint8_t *) ptr + i);
+            res->buffers[res->n_buffers].size  = size_step_aligned;
+            res->buffers[res->n_buffers].metal = nil;
+
+            if (size_step_aligned > 0) {
+                res->buffers[res->n_buffers].metal = [res->dev->mtl_device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:(void *) ((uint8_t *) ptr + i) length:size_step_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared deallocator:nil];
+
+                if (res->buffers[res->n_buffers].metal == nil) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_step_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+                    free(res);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+
+            ggml_metal_log_allocated_size(res->dev->mtl_device, size_step_aligned);
+
+            if (i + size_step < size) {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("\n");
+            }
+
+            ++res->n_buffers;
+        }
+    }
+
+    res->use_residency_sets = props_dev->use_residency_sets;
+
+    if (!ggml_metal_buffer_rset_init(res)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
+        free(res);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_device_rsets_add(dev, res->rset);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_buffer_free(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf) {
+    ggml_metal_device_rsets_rm(buf->dev, buf->rset);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < buf->n_buffers; i++) {
+        [buf->buffers[i].metal release];
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_rset_free(buf);
+
+    if (buf->is_shared && buf->owned) {
+#if TARGET_OS_OSX
+        vm_deallocate((vm_map_t)mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)buf->all_data, buf->all_size);
+#else
+        free(buf->all_data);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    free(buf);
+}
+
+void * ggml_metal_buffer_get_base(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf) {
+    return buf->all_data;
+}
+
+bool ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf) {
+    return buf->is_shared;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    if (buf->is_shared) {
+        memset((char *) tensor->data + offset, value, size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        // dst
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst = ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(buf, tensor);
+        bid_dst.offs += offset;
+
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [buf->dev->mtl_queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
+
+        {
+            id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+            [encoder fillBuffer:bid_dst.metal
+                          range:NSMakeRange(bid_dst.offs, bid_dst.offs + size)
+                          value:value];
+
+            [encoder endEncoding];
+        }
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+        [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    if (buf->is_shared) {
+        memcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        // src
+        void * data_ptr = (void *)(uintptr_t) data; // "const cast" the src data
+        id<MTLBuffer> buf_src = [buf->dev->mtl_device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:data_ptr
+                                                               length:size
+                                                              options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared
+                                                          deallocator:nil];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(buf_src);
+
+        // dst
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst = ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(buf, tensor);
+        bid_dst.offs += offset;
+
+        // note: for experimentation purposes, here we use a semaphore to wait for the copy to complete
+        //       this is alternative to waitUntilCompleted, which should be faster, but don't seem to make much difference
+        dispatch_semaphore_t completion_semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
+
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [buf->dev->mtl_queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
+
+        {
+            id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+            [encoder copyFromBuffer:buf_src
+                       sourceOffset:0
+                           toBuffer:bid_dst.metal
+                  destinationOffset:bid_dst.offs
+                               size:size];
+
+            [encoder endEncoding];
+        }
+
+        [cmd_buf addCompletedHandler:^(id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb) {
+                             // TODO: can check for errors here
+            GGML_UNUSED(cb);
+
+            dispatch_semaphore_signal(completion_semaphore);
+        }];
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+
+        dispatch_semaphore_wait(completion_semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+        dispatch_release(completion_semaphore);
+
+        //[cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    if (buf->is_shared) {
+        memcpy(data, (const char *) tensor->data + offset, size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        // src
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src = ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(buf, tensor);
+        bid_src.offs += offset;
+
+        // dst
+        id<MTLBuffer> buf_dst = [buf->dev->mtl_device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:data
+                                                               length:size
+                                                              options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared
+                                                          deallocator:nil];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(buf_dst);
+
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [buf->dev->mtl_queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
+
+        {
+            id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+            [encoder copyFromBuffer:bid_src.metal
+                       sourceOffset:bid_src.offs
+                           toBuffer:buf_dst
+                  destinationOffset:0
+                               size:size];
+
+            [encoder endEncoding];
+        }
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+        [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_buffer_clear(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, uint8_t value) {
+    if (buf->is_shared) {
+        memset(buf->all_data, value, buf->all_size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [buf->dev->mtl_queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
+
+        {
+            id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+            [encoder fillBuffer:buf->buffers[0].metal
+                          range:NSMakeRange(0, buf->buffers[0].size)
+                          value:value];
+
+            [encoder endEncoding];
+        }
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+        [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+    }
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_buffer_id ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    struct ggml_metal_buffer_id res = { nil, 0 };
+
+    const int64_t tsize = ggml_nbytes(t);
+
+    // find the view that contains the tensor fully
+    for (int i = 0; i < buf->n_buffers; ++i) {
+        const int64_t ioffs = (int64_t) t->data - (int64_t) buf->buffers[i].data;
+
+        //GGML_LOG_INFO("ioffs = %10ld, tsize = %10ld, sum = %10ld, buf->buffers[%d].size = %10ld\n", ioffs, tsize, ioffs + tsize, i, buf->buffers[i].size);
+        if (ioffs >= 0 && ioffs + tsize <= (int64_t) buf->buffers[i].size) {
+            res.metal = buf->buffers[i].metal;
+            res.offs  = (size_t) ioffs;
+
+            //GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: tensor '%16s', offs = %8ld\n", __func__, t->name, *offs);
+
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: tensor '%s' buffer is nil\n", __func__, t->name);
+
+    return res;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-impl.h b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-impl.h
index 17eab976f3a..53437b23cda 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-impl.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-impl.h
@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@
 #define N_R0_Q5_1 4
 #define N_SG_Q5_1 2
 
-#define N_R0_Q8_0 4
-#define N_SG_Q8_0 2
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 2
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 4
+
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2
 
 #define N_R0_Q2_K 4
 #define N_SG_Q2_K 2
@@ -29,13 +32,13 @@
 #define N_R0_Q3_K 2
 #define N_SG_Q3_K 2
 
-#define N_R0_Q4_K 4
+#define N_R0_Q4_K 2
 #define N_SG_Q4_K 2
 
-#define N_R0_Q5_K 2
+#define N_R0_Q5_K 1
 #define N_SG_Q5_K 2
 
-#define N_R0_Q6_K 1
+#define N_R0_Q6_K 2
 #define N_SG_Q6_K 2
 
 #define N_R0_IQ1_S 4
@@ -65,6 +68,62 @@
 #define N_R0_IQ4_XS 2
 #define N_SG_IQ4_XS 2
 
+// function constants offsets
+#define FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD          100
+#define FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK          200
+#define FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT              300
+#define FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC          400
+#define FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_REDUCE   500
+#define FC_MUL_MV                      600
+#define FC_MUL_MM                      700
+#define FC_ROPE                        800
+#define FC_SSM_CONV                    900
+#define FC_SOLVE_TRI                   1000
+#define FC_COUNT_EQUAL                 1100
+#define FC_UNARY                       1200
+#define FC_BIN                         1300
+#define FC_SUM_ROWS                    1400
+#define FC_UPSCALE                     1500
+#define FC_GATED_DELTA_NET             1600
+
+// op-specific constants
+#define OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NQPSG 8
+#define OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NCPSG 64
+
+#define OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NQPSG 1
+#define OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NCPSG 32
+
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SCALE      10
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_FILL       11
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_CLAMP      12
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SQR        13
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SQRT       14
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SIN        15
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_COS        16
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_LOG        17
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_LEAKY_RELU 18
+
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_TANH        100
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_RELU        101
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SIGMOID     102
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU        103
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU_ERF    104
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU_QUICK  105
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SILU        106
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_ELU         107
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_NEG         108
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_ABS         109
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SGN         110
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_STEP        111
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_HARDSWISH   112
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_HARDSIGMOID 113
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_EXP         114
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_SOFTPLUS    115
+#define OP_UNARY_NUM_EXPM1       116
+
+#define OP_SUM_ROWS_NUM_SUM_ROWS 10
+#define OP_SUM_ROWS_NUM_MEAN     11
+
 // kernel argument structs
 //
 // - element counters (e.g. ne00) typically use int32_t to reduce register usage
@@ -100,6 +159,31 @@ typedef struct {
     int32_t  dim;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_concat;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
+    float    slope;
+    float    scale;
+    float    bias;
+    float    val;
+    float    min;
+    float    max;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_unary;
+
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne00;
     int32_t  ne01;
@@ -126,8 +210,18 @@ typedef struct {
     uint64_t nb2;
     uint64_t nb3;
     uint64_t offs;
+    uint64_t o1[8];
 } ggml_metal_kargs_bin;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int64_t ne0;
+    int64_t ne1;
+    size_t nb01;
+    size_t nb02;
+    size_t nb11;
+    size_t nb21;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_add_id;
+
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne00;
     int32_t  ne01;
@@ -148,6 +242,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } ggml_metal_kargs_repeat;
 
 typedef struct {
+    int64_t  nk0;
     int64_t  ne00;
     int64_t  ne01;
     int64_t  ne02;
@@ -211,8 +306,38 @@ typedef struct {
     int32_t  sect_1;
     int32_t  sect_2;
     int32_t  sect_3;
+    bool     src2;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_rope;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne11;
+    int32_t  ne_12_2; // assume K and V are same shape
+    int32_t  ne_12_3;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+    uint64_t nb21;
+    uint64_t nb22;
+    uint64_t nb23;
+    int32_t  ne31;
+    int32_t  ne32;
+    int32_t  ne33;
+    uint64_t nb31;
+    uint64_t nb32;
+    uint64_t nb33;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_pad;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne30;
+    int32_t  ne31;
+    int32_t  ne32;
+    int32_t  ne33;
+    uint64_t nb31;
+    uint64_t nb32;
+    uint64_t nb33;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_blk;
+
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne01;
     int32_t  ne02;
@@ -223,23 +348,70 @@ typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne11;
     int32_t  ne_12_2; // assume K and V are same shape
     int32_t  ne_12_3;
+    int32_t  ns10;
     uint64_t nb11;
     uint64_t nb12;
     uint64_t nb13;
+    int32_t  ns20;
     uint64_t nb21;
     uint64_t nb22;
     uint64_t nb23;
+    int32_t  ne31;
+    int32_t  ne32;
+    int32_t  ne33;
     uint64_t nb31;
+    uint64_t nb32;
+    uint64_t nb33;
     int32_t  ne1;
     int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
     float    scale;
     float    max_bias;
     float    m0;
     float    m1;
-    uint16_t n_head_log2;
+    int32_t  n_head_log2;
     float    logit_softcap;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne11;
+    int32_t  ne_12_2; // assume K and V are same shape
+    int32_t  ne_12_3;
+    int32_t  ns10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+    int32_t  ns20;
+    uint64_t nb21;
+    uint64_t nb22;
+    uint64_t nb23;
+    int32_t  ne31;
+    int32_t  ne32;
+    int32_t  ne33;
+    uint64_t nb31;
+    uint64_t nb32;
+    uint64_t nb33;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    float    scale;
+    float    max_bias;
+    float    m0;
+    float    m1;
+    int32_t  n_head_log2;
+    float    logit_softcap;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_vec;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  nrows;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce;
+
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne00;
     int32_t  ne02;
@@ -274,6 +446,7 @@ typedef struct {
     uint64_t nb13;
     int32_t  ne0;
     int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  nr0;
     int16_t  r2;
     int16_t  r3;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv;
@@ -297,46 +470,34 @@ typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne1;
     int16_t  r2;
     int16_t  r3;
-    int16_t  nsg;
-    int16_t  nxpsg;
-    int16_t  r1ptg;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_ext;
 
 typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne02;
     int32_t  ne10;
     int32_t  ne11;  // n_expert_used (bcast)
     uint64_t nb11;
     uint64_t nb12;
-    int32_t  neh11; // n_tokens
-    uint64_t nbh11;
+    int32_t  ne21; // n_tokens
     int32_t  ne20;  // n_expert_used
     uint64_t nb21;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id_map0;
 
-typedef struct {
-    int32_t  ne20; // n_expert_used
-    int32_t  neh0;
-    int32_t  neh1;
-    uint64_t nbh1;
-    uint64_t nbh2;
-    int32_t  ne0;
-    uint64_t nb1;
-    uint64_t nb2;
-} ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id_map1;
-
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne00;
     int32_t  ne02;
     uint64_t nb01;
     uint64_t nb02;
     uint64_t nb03;
-    int32_t  neh12;
-    uint64_t nbh10;
-    uint64_t nbh11;
-    uint64_t nbh12;
-    uint64_t nbh13;
-    int32_t  neh0;
-    int32_t  neh1;
+    int32_t  ne11;
+    uint64_t nb10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+    int32_t  ne20;
+    int32_t  ne21;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
     int16_t  r2;
     int16_t  r3;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id;
@@ -361,26 +522,43 @@ typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne0;
     int32_t  ne1;
     uint64_t nb1;
+    int32_t  nr0;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_id;
 
+// NORM
+// RMS_NORM
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne00;
-    int32_t  ne00_4;
-    uint64_t nb01;
+    int32_t  ne00_t;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
     float    eps;
+    int32_t  nef1[3];
+    int32_t  nef2[3];
+    int32_t  nef3[3];
+    uint64_t nbf1[3];
+    uint64_t nbf2[3];
+    uint64_t nbf3[3];
 } ggml_metal_kargs_norm;
 
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  ne00;
-    int32_t  ne00_4;
-    uint64_t nb01;
-    float    eps;
-} ggml_metal_kargs_rms_norm;
-
-typedef struct {
-    int32_t  ne00;
-    int32_t  ne00_4;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
     uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
     float    eps;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_l2_norm;
 
@@ -391,7 +569,7 @@ typedef struct {
     uint64_t nb00;
     uint64_t nb01;
     uint64_t nb02;
-    int32_t  n_groups;
+    int32_t  ngrp;
     float    eps;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_group_norm;
 
@@ -404,6 +582,49 @@ typedef struct {
     uint64_t nb1;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  IC;
+    int32_t  IH;
+    int32_t  IW;
+    int32_t  KH;
+    int32_t  KW;
+    int32_t  OC;
+    int32_t  s0;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_2d;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    uint64_t nb10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
+    int32_t  IW;
+    int32_t  IH;
+    int32_t  KW;
+    int32_t  KH;
+    int32_t  IC;
+    int32_t  OC;
+    int32_t  OW;
+    int32_t  OH;
+    int32_t  N;
+    int32_t  s0;
+    int32_t  s1;
+    int32_t  p0;
+    int32_t  p1;
+    int32_t  d0;
+    int32_t  d1;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_conv_2d;
+
 typedef struct {
     uint64_t  ofs0;
     uint64_t  ofs1;
@@ -422,6 +643,23 @@ typedef struct {
     int32_t  KHW; // KH * KW, pre-computed on CPU to save GPU resources
 } ggml_metal_kargs_im2col;
 
+typedef struct{
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    int32_t  ne10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    int32_t  i00;
+    int32_t  i10;
+    float    alpha;
+    float    limit;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_glu;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t np;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_sum;
+
 typedef struct {
     int64_t  ne00;
     int64_t  ne01;
@@ -431,14 +669,6 @@ typedef struct {
     uint64_t nb01;
     uint64_t nb02;
     uint64_t nb03;
-    int64_t  ne10;
-    int64_t  ne11;
-    int64_t  ne12;
-    int64_t  ne13;
-    uint64_t nb10;
-    uint64_t nb11;
-    uint64_t nb12;
-    uint64_t nb13;
     int64_t  ne0;
     int64_t  ne1;
     int64_t  ne2;
@@ -453,19 +683,64 @@ typedef struct {
     int64_t  ne00;
     int64_t  ne01;
     int64_t  ne02;
+    int64_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int64_t  net0;
+    int64_t  net1;
+    int64_t  net2;
+    int64_t  net3;
+    uint64_t nbt0;
+    uint64_t nbt1;
+    uint64_t nbt2;
+    uint64_t nbt3;
+    bool     outb;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_cumsum_blk;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int64_t  ne00;
+    int64_t  ne01;
+    int64_t  ne02;
+    int64_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int64_t  net0;
+    int64_t  net1;
+    int64_t  net2;
+    int64_t  net3;
+    uint64_t nbt0;
+    uint64_t nbt1;
+    uint64_t nbt2;
+    uint64_t nbt3;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_cumsum_add;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne11;
+    int32_t  ne12;
+    int32_t  ne13;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
     float    scale;
     float    max_bias;
     float    m0;
     float    m1;
-    uint32_t n_head_log2;
+    int32_t  n_head_log2;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_soft_max;
 
-typedef struct {
-    int64_t  ne00;
-    int64_t  ne01;
-    int      n_past;
-} ggml_metal_kargs_diag_mask_inf;
-
 typedef struct {
     int64_t  ne00;
     int64_t  ne01;
@@ -488,39 +763,152 @@ typedef struct {
 typedef struct {
     int64_t  d_state;
     int64_t  d_inner;
+    int64_t  n_head;
+    int64_t  n_group;
     int64_t  n_seq_tokens;
     int64_t  n_seqs;
+    uint64_t s_off;
     uint64_t nb00;
     uint64_t nb01;
     uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
     uint64_t nb10;
     uint64_t nb11;
     uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t ns12;
     uint64_t nb13;
     uint64_t nb20;
     uint64_t nb21;
+    uint64_t ns21;
     uint64_t nb22;
-    uint64_t nb30;
+    int64_t  ne30;
     uint64_t nb31;
-    uint64_t nb40;
     uint64_t nb41;
     uint64_t nb42;
-    uint64_t nb50;
+    uint64_t ns42;
+    uint64_t nb43;
     uint64_t nb51;
     uint64_t nb52;
+    uint64_t ns52;
+    uint64_t nb53;
+    uint64_t nb0;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_scan;
 
 typedef struct {
-    int64_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
     uint64_t nb01;
     uint64_t nb02;
-    int64_t  ne10;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne10;
+    int32_t  ne11;
+    int32_t  ne12;
+    int32_t  ne13;
+    uint64_t nb10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+    int32_t  ne20;
+    int32_t  ne21;
+    int32_t  ne22;
+    int32_t  ne23;
+    uint64_t nb20;
+    uint64_t nb21;
+    uint64_t nb22;
+    uint64_t nb23;
+    int32_t  ns02;
+    int32_t  ns12;
+    int32_t  ns22;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_gated_delta_net;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne10;
+    int32_t  ne11;
+    int32_t  ne12;
+    int32_t  ne13;
+    uint64_t nb10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_solve_tri;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne00t;
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne10;
     uint64_t nb10;
     uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
     uint64_t nb1;
     uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_get_rows;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  nk0;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne11;
+    int32_t  ne12;
+    uint64_t nb10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_set_rows;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_diag;
+
 typedef struct {
     int64_t  ne00;
     int64_t  ne01;
@@ -542,6 +930,7 @@ typedef struct {
     float    sf1;
     float    sf2;
     float    sf3;
+    float    poffs;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_upscale;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -591,20 +980,82 @@ typedef struct {
 } ggml_metal_kargs_timestep_embedding;
 
 typedef struct {
-    float    slope;
-} ggml_metal_kargs_leaky_relu;
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    uint64_t nb0;
+    uint64_t nb1;
+    uint64_t nb2;
+    uint64_t nb3;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_tri;
 
 typedef struct {
-    int64_t  ncols;
-    int64_t  ncols_pad;
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    int32_t  top_k;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_argsort;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int64_t  ne00;
+    int64_t  ne01;
+    int64_t  ne02;
+    int64_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    int32_t  ne0;
+    int32_t  ne1;
+    int32_t  ne2;
+    int32_t  ne3;
+    int32_t  top_k;
+    int32_t  len;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_argsort_merge;
+
 typedef struct {
     int64_t  ne0;
     float    start;
     float    step;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_arange;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int64_t val;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_memset;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  ne00;
+    int32_t  ne01;
+    int32_t  ne02;
+    int32_t  ne03;
+    uint64_t nb00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+    uint64_t nb02;
+    uint64_t nb03;
+    uint64_t nb10;
+    uint64_t nb11;
+    uint64_t nb12;
+    uint64_t nb13;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_count_equal;
+
 typedef struct {
     int32_t  k0;
     int32_t  k1;
@@ -616,7 +1067,29 @@ typedef struct {
     int64_t  IW;
     int64_t  OH;
     int64_t  OW;
-    int64_t  parallel_elements;
+    int64_t  np;
 } ggml_metal_kargs_pool_2d;
 
+typedef struct {
+    int32_t  k0;
+    int32_t  s0;
+    int32_t  p0;
+    int64_t  IW;
+    int64_t  OW;
+    int64_t  np;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_pool_1d;
+
+typedef struct {
+     int64_t ne00;
+    uint64_t nb01;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_argmax;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int64_t  np;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_opt_step_adamw;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int64_t  np;
+} ggml_metal_kargs_opt_step_sgd;
+
 #endif // GGML_METAL_IMPL
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-ops.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-ops.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0bcad392b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-ops.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4461 @@
+#include "ggml-metal-ops.h"
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#include "ggml-metal-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-metal-common.h"
+#include "ggml-metal-device.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <cmath>
+
+static ggml_metal_buffer_id ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    if (!t) {
+        return { nullptr, 0 };
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = t->view_src ? t->view_src->buffer : t->buffer;
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t) buffer->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(ctx, t);
+}
+
+struct ggml_metal_op {
+    ggml_metal_op(
+        ggml_metal_device_t dev,
+        ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf,
+        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        int  idx_start,
+        int  idx_end,
+        bool use_fusion,
+        bool use_concurrency,
+        bool use_capture,
+        int  debug_graph,
+        int  debug_fusion) {
+        this->dev             = dev;
+        this->lib             = ggml_metal_device_get_library(dev);
+        this->enc             = ggml_metal_encoder_init(cmd_buf, use_concurrency);
+        this->mem_ranges      = ggml_mem_ranges_init(debug_graph);
+        this->idx_start       = idx_start;
+        this->idx_end         = idx_end;
+        this->use_fusion      = use_fusion;
+        this->use_concurrency = use_concurrency;
+        this->use_capture     = use_capture;
+        this->debug_graph     = debug_graph;
+        this->debug_fusion    = debug_fusion;
+        this->gf              = gf;
+
+        idxs.reserve(gf->n_nodes);
+
+        // filter empty nodes
+        // TODO: this can be removed when the allocator starts filtering them earlier
+        //       https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16130#issuecomment-3327905830
+        for (int i = idx_start; i < idx_end; i++) {
+            if (!ggml_op_is_empty(gf->nodes[i]->op) && !ggml_is_empty(gf->nodes[i])) {
+                idxs.push_back(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~ggml_metal_op() {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_end_encoding(this->enc);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_free(this->enc);
+        ggml_mem_ranges_free(this->mem_ranges);
+    }
+
+    int n_nodes() const {
+        return idxs.size();
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * node(int i) const {
+        assert(i >= 0 && i < (int) idxs.size());
+        return ggml_graph_node(gf, idxs[i]);
+    }
+
+    bool can_fuse(int i0, const ggml_op * ops, int n_ops) const {
+        assert(use_fusion);
+        assert(i0 >= 0 && i0 < n_nodes());
+
+        if (i0 + n_ops > n_nodes()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return ggml_can_fuse_ext(gf, idxs.data() + i0, ops, n_ops);
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_device_t  dev;
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc;
+    ggml_mem_ranges_t    mem_ranges;
+
+    bool use_fusion;
+    bool use_concurrency;
+    bool use_capture;
+
+    int debug_graph;
+    int debug_fusion;
+
+private:
+    ggml_cgraph * gf;
+
+    int idx_start;
+    int idx_end;
+
+    // non-empty node indices
+    std::vector<int> idxs;
+};
+
+ggml_metal_op_t ggml_metal_op_init(
+        ggml_metal_device_t dev,
+        ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf,
+        ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        int idx_start,
+        int idx_end,
+        bool use_fusion,
+        bool use_concurrency,
+        bool use_capture,
+        int debug_graph,
+        int debug_fusion) {
+    ggml_metal_op_t res = new ggml_metal_op(
+        dev,
+        cmd_buf,
+        gf,
+        idx_start,
+        idx_end,
+        use_fusion,
+        use_concurrency,
+        use_capture,
+        debug_graph,
+        debug_fusion);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+void ggml_metal_op_free(ggml_metal_op_t ctx) {
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_n_nodes(ggml_metal_op_t ctx) {
+    return ctx->n_nodes();
+}
+
+static bool ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ggml_metal_op_t ctx) {
+    if (!ctx->mem_ranges) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_memory_barrier(ctx->enc);
+
+    ggml_mem_ranges_reset(ctx->mem_ranges);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_metal_op_concurrency_check(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, const ggml_tensor * node) {
+    if (!ctx->mem_ranges) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return ggml_mem_ranges_check(ctx->mem_ranges, node);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_metal_op_concurrency_add(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, const ggml_tensor * node) {
+    if (!ctx->mem_ranges) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return ggml_mem_ranges_add(ctx->mem_ranges, node);
+}
+
+static int ggml_metal_op_encode_impl(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    struct ggml_tensor * node = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    //GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: encoding node %3d, op = %8s\n", __func__, idx, ggml_op_name(node->op));
+
+    if (ggml_is_empty(node)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    switch (node->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+            {
+                // noop -> next node
+                if (ctx->debug_graph > 0) {
+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: node[%5d] - %-12s %s\n", __func__, idx, ggml_op_name(node->op), "(noop)");
+                }
+            } return 1;
+        default:
+            {
+            } break;
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_metal_device_supports_op(ctx->dev, node)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: unsupported op '%s'\n", __func__, ggml_op_desc(node));
+        GGML_ABORT("unsupported op");
+    }
+
+    if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    int n_fuse = 1;
+
+    // check if the current node can run concurrently with other nodes before it
+    // the condition is that:
+    //  - the current node cannot write to any previous src or dst ranges
+    //  - the current node cannot read from any previous dst ranges
+    //
+    // if the condition is not satisfied, we put a memory barrier and clear all ranges
+    // otherwise, we add the new ranges to the encoding context and process the node concurrently
+    //
+    {
+        const bool is_concurrent = ggml_metal_op_concurrency_check(ctx, node);
+
+        if (!is_concurrent) {
+            ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+        }
+
+        if (ctx->debug_graph > 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: node[%5d] - %-12s %-12s %s\n", __func__, idx, ggml_op_name(node->op), ggml_get_name(node), is_concurrent ? "(concurrent)" : "");
+        }
+        if (ctx->debug_graph > 1) {
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int64_t, ne0, node->src[0], ne);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, node->src[0], nb);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int64_t, ne1, node->src[1], ne);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, node->src[1], nb);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int64_t, ne2, node->src[2], ne);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, node->src[2], nb);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int64_t, ne3, node->src[3], ne);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb3, node->src[3], nb);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int64_t, ne,  node,         ne);
+            GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  node,         nb);
+
+            if (node->src[0]) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: src0 - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], %d, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(node->src[0]->type), ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                        ggml_is_contiguous(node->src[0]), node->src[0]->name);
+            }
+            if (node->src[1]) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: src1 - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], %d, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(node->src[1]->type), ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
+                        ggml_is_contiguous(node->src[1]), node->src[1]->name);
+            }
+            if (node->src[2]) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: src2 - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], %d, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(node->src[2]->type), ne20, ne21, ne22, ne23, nb20, nb21, nb22, nb23,
+                        ggml_is_contiguous(node->src[2]), node->src[2]->name);
+            }
+            if (node->src[3]) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: src3 - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], %d, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(node->src[3]->type), ne30, ne31, ne32, ne33, nb30, nb31, nb32, nb33,
+                        ggml_is_contiguous(node->src[3]), node->src[3]->name);
+            }
+            if (node) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: node  - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], 1, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(node->type), ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3,
+                        node->name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (node->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_concat(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_bin(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_add_id(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_repeat(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ACC:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_acc(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
+        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+        case GGML_OP_SIN:
+        case GGML_OP_COS:
+        case GGML_OP_LOG:
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_unary(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_glu(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SUM:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_sum(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_sum_rows(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_cumsum(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_soft_max(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_ssm_conv(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_ssm_scan(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
+        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_rwkv(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_gated_delta_net(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_solve_tri(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_mul_mat(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_get_rows(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_set_rows(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_diag(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_l2_norm(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_group_norm(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_norm(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_rope(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_im2col(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_conv_2d(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_conv_transpose_1d(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_conv_transpose_2d(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_upscale(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_pad(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_pad_reflect_1d(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_arange(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_timestep_embedding(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_argsort(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_top_k(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_tri(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_set(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_DUP:
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_cpy(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_1D:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_pool_1d(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_pool_2d(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_argmax(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_opt_step_adamw(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_opt_step_sgd(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+            {
+                n_fuse = ggml_metal_op_count_equal(ctx, idx);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: node %3d, op = %8s not implemented\n", __func__, idx, ggml_op_name(node->op));
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->debug_graph > 0) {
+        if (n_fuse > 1) {
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:               fuse %d ops\n", __func__, n_fuse);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // update the mem ranges in the encoding context
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_fuse; ++i) {
+        if (!ggml_metal_op_concurrency_add(ctx, ctx->node(idx + i))) {
+            ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return n_fuse;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_encode(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    if (ctx->use_capture) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_debug_group_push(ctx->enc, ggml_op_desc(ctx->node(idx)));
+    }
+
+    int res = ggml_metal_op_encode_impl(ctx, idx);
+    if (idx + res > ctx->n_nodes()) {
+        GGML_ABORT("fusion error: nodes spanning multiple encoders have been fused. this indicates a bug in the fusion logic %s",
+                "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14849");
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->use_capture) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_debug_group_pop(ctx->enc);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_concat(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int32_t dim = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[0];
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_concat args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+        /*.dim  =*/ dim,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_base(lib, GGML_OP_CONCAT);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(1024, ne0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne1, ne2, ne3, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_repeat(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_repeat(lib, op->type);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_repeat args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne1, ne2, ne3, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_acc(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type         == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[1]));
+
+    const size_t pnb1 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[0];
+    const size_t pnb2 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[1];
+    const size_t pnb3 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
+    const size_t offs = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[3];
+
+    const bool inplace = (bool) ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[4];
+
+    if (!inplace) {
+        // run a separate kernel to cpy src->dst
+        // not sure how to avoid this
+        // TODO: make a simpler cpy_bytes kernel
+
+        //const id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->pipelines[GGML_METAL_PIPELINE_TYPE_CPY_F32_F32].obj;
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cpy(lib, op->src[0]->type, op->type);
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_cpy args = {
+            /*.nk0  =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+            /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+            /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+            /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+            /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+            /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+            /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+            /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+        };
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+        const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne00);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+        ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_bin args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ pnb1,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ pnb2,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ pnb3,
+        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ pnb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ pnb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ pnb3,
+        /*.offs =*/ offs,
+        /*.o1   =*/ { 0 },
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_bin_one(lib, GGML_OP_ADD);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    const int nth_max = MIN(256, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+    int nth = 1;
+
+    while (2*nth < args.ne0 && nth < nth_max) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne11, ne12, ne13, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_unary(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_unary args = {
+        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0   =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1   =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2   =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3   =*/ nb3,
+        /*.slope =*/ 0.0,
+        /*.scale =*/ 0.0,
+        /*.bias  =*/ 0.0,
+        /*.val   =*/ 0.0,
+        /*.min   =*/ 0.0,
+        /*.max   =*/ 0.0,
+    };
+
+    if (op->op == GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU) {
+        args.slope = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (op->op == GGML_OP_SCALE) {
+        args.scale = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 0);
+        args.bias  = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 1);
+    }
+
+    if (op->op == GGML_OP_FILL) {
+        args.val = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (op->op == GGML_OP_CLAMP) {
+        args.min = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 0);
+        args.max = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 1);
+    }
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_unary(lib, op);
+
+    if (pipeline.c4) {
+        args.ne00 = ne00/4;
+        args.ne0  = ne0/4;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+
+    if (pipeline.cnt) {
+        const int n = pipeline.c4 ? ggml_nelements(op)/4 : ggml_nelements(op);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, n, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    } else {
+        const int nth_max = MIN(256, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+        const int nth = MIN(args.ne00, nth_max);
+
+        const int nk0 = (args.ne00 + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nk0*ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_glu(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    if (op->src[1]) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(op->src[0], op->src[1]));
+    }
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_glu(lib, op);
+
+    const int32_t swp = ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 1);
+    const float alpha = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 2);
+    const float limit = ggml_get_op_params_f32(op, 3);
+
+    const int32_t i00 = swp ? ne0 : 0;
+    const int32_t i10 = swp ? 0 : ne0;
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_glu args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.ne10 =*/ op->src[1] ? ne10 : ne00,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ op->src[1] ? nb11 : nb01,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.i00  =*/ op->src[1] ? 0 : i00,
+        /*.i10  =*/ op->src[1] ? 0 : i10,
+        /*.alpha=*/ alpha,
+        /*.limit=*/ limit
+    };
+
+    const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(op->src[0]);
+
+    const int32_t nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne00/2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    if (op->src[1]) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    } else {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 2);
+    }
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nrows, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_sum(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op  = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    const uint64_t n = (uint64_t) ggml_nelements(op->src[0]);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_sum args = {
+        /*.np =*/ n,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_sum(lib, op);
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+
+    while (nth < (int) n && nth < ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min(nth, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+    nth = std::min(nth, (int) n);
+
+    const int nsg = (nth + 31) / 32;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, nsg * sizeof(float), 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, 1, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_sum_rows(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_sum_rows args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_sum_rows(lib, op);
+
+    if (pipeline.c4) {
+        args.ne00 = ne00/4;
+        args.ne0  = ne0/4;
+    }
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+
+    while (nth < args.ne00 && nth < ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min(nth, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+    nth = std::min(nth, (int) args.ne00);
+
+    const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_cumsum(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline_blk = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cumsum_blk(lib, op);
+
+    int nth = 1;
+    while (nth < ne00 && 2*nth <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline_blk)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 <= nth*nth);
+
+    const int64_t net0 = (ne00 + nth - 1) / nth;
+    const int64_t net1 = ne01;
+    const int64_t net2 = ne02;
+    const int64_t net3 = ne03;
+
+    const uint64_t nbt0 = sizeof(float);
+    const uint64_t nbt1 = net0*nbt0;
+    const uint64_t nbt2 = net1*nbt1;
+    const uint64_t nbt3 = net2*nbt2;
+
+    const size_t smem = GGML_PAD(32*sizeof(float), 16);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_tmp = bid_dst;
+    bid_tmp.offs += ggml_nbytes(op);
+
+    {
+        ggml_metal_kargs_cumsum_blk args = {
+            /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+            /*.net0 =*/ net0,
+            /*.net1 =*/ net1,
+            /*.net2 =*/ net2,
+            /*.net3 =*/ net3,
+            /*.nbt0 =*/ nbt0,
+            /*.nbt1 =*/ nbt1,
+            /*.nbt2 =*/ nbt2,
+            /*.nbt3 =*/ nbt3,
+            /*.outb =*/ ne00 > nth,
+        };
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline_blk);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp,  2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  3);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, net0*ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    if (ne00 > nth) {
+        ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+        {
+            ggml_metal_kargs_cumsum_blk args = {
+                /*.ne00 =*/ net0,
+                /*.ne01 =*/ net1,
+                /*.ne02 =*/ net2,
+                /*.ne03 =*/ net3,
+                /*.nb00 =*/ nbt0,
+                /*.nb01 =*/ nbt1,
+                /*.nb02 =*/ nbt2,
+                /*.nb03 =*/ nbt3,
+                /*.net0 =*/ net0,
+                /*.net1 =*/ net1,
+                /*.net2 =*/ net2,
+                /*.net3 =*/ net3,
+                /*.nbt0 =*/ nbt0,
+                /*.nbt1 =*/ nbt1,
+                /*.nbt2 =*/ nbt2,
+                /*.nbt3 =*/ nbt3,
+                /*.outb =*/ false,
+            };
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline_blk);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp, 1);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp, 2);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp, 3);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, net1, net2, net3, nth, 1, 1);
+        }
+
+        ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+        {
+            auto pipeline_add = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cumsum_add(lib, op);
+
+            ggml_metal_kargs_cumsum_add args = {
+                /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+                /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+                /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+                /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+                /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+                /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+                /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+                /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+                /*.net0 =*/ net0,
+                /*.net1 =*/ net1,
+                /*.net2 =*/ net2,
+                /*.net3 =*/ net3,
+                /*.nbt0 =*/ nbt0,
+                /*.nbt1 =*/ nbt1,
+                /*.nbt2 =*/ nbt2,
+                /*.nbt3 =*/ nbt3,
+            };
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline_add);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp, 1);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst, 2);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, net0*ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_get_rows(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_get_rows(lib, op->src[0]->type);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_get_rows args = {
+        /*.ne00t =*/ ggml_is_quantized(op->src[0]->type) ? ne00/16 : ne00,
+        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne10  =*/ ne10,
+        /*.nb10  =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11  =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12  =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb1   =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2   =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3   =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    const int nth = std::min(args.ne00t, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+    const int nw0 = (args.ne00t + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nw0*ne10, ne11, ne12, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_set_rows(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_set_rows(lib, op->src[1]->type, op->type);
+
+    const int32_t nk0 = ne0/ggml_blck_size(op->type);
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+
+    while (nth < nk0 && nth < ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    int nrptg = 1;
+    if (nth > nk0) {
+        nrptg = (nth + nk0 - 1)/nk0;
+        nth   = nk0;
+
+        if (nrptg*nth > ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+            nrptg--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min(nth, nk0);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_set_rows args = {
+        /*.nk0  =*/ nk0,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne01 + nrptg - 1)/nrptg, ne02, ne03, nth, nrptg, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_diag(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int32_t,  ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int32_t,  ne, op, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb, op, nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_diag args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/nb03,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/nb3,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_diag(lib, op);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne1, ne2, ne3, 32, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_soft_max(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+
+    memcpy(&scale,    ((const int32_t *) op->op_params) + 0, sizeof(scale));
+    memcpy(&max_bias, ((const int32_t *) op->op_params) + 1, sizeof(max_bias));
+
+    const uint32_t n_head      = op->src[0]->ne[2];
+    const  int32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
+
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+    // softmax
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_soft_max args = {
+        /*.ne00        =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01        =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02        =*/ ne02,
+        /*.nb01        =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02        =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03        =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne11        =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne12        =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne13        =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb11        =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12        =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb13        =*/ nb13,
+        /*.nb1         =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2         =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3         =*/ nb3,
+        /*.scale       =*/ scale,
+        /*.max_bias    =*/ max_bias,
+        /*.m0          =*/ m0,
+        /*.m1          =*/ m1,
+        /*.n_head_log2 =*/ n_head_log2,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_soft_max(lib, op);
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+
+    if (ne00%4 == 0) {
+        while (nth < ne00/4 && nth*ne01*ne02*ne03 < 256) {
+            nth *= 2;
+        }
+    } else {
+        while (nth < ne00 && nth*ne01*ne02*ne03 < 256) {
+            nth *= 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    if (op->src[1]) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    } else {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 2);
+    }
+    if (op->src[2]) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), 3);
+    } else {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 3);
+    }
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op), 4);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_ssm_conv(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_conv args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+    };
+
+    // Use batched kernel for prefill (ne1 > 1) to reduce threadgroup dispatch overhead
+    const bool use_batched = (ne1 > 1);
+
+    if (use_batched) {
+        // Determine the smallest power of 2 that's >= ne1, but <= 256
+        int BATCH_SIZE;
+        if      (ne1 > 128) BATCH_SIZE = 256;
+        else if (ne1 > 64 ) BATCH_SIZE = 128;
+        else if (ne1 > 32 ) BATCH_SIZE = 64;
+        else if (ne1 > 16 ) BATCH_SIZE = 32;
+        else if (ne1 > 8  ) BATCH_SIZE = 16;
+        else if (ne1 > 4  ) BATCH_SIZE = 8;
+        else                BATCH_SIZE = 2;
+
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_conv_batched(lib, op, BATCH_SIZE);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+        // Dispatch: ne01 rows, ceil(ne1/BATCH_SIZE) token batches, ne02 sequences
+        // Each threadgroup has BATCH_SIZE threads, each handling one token
+        const int n_token_batches = (ne1 + BATCH_SIZE - 1) / BATCH_SIZE;
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, n_token_batches, ne02, BATCH_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    } else {
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_conv(lib, op);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne1, ne02, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_ssm_scan(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne3, op->src[3], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb3, op->src[3], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne4, op->src[4], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb4, op->src[4], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne5, op->src[5], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb5, op->src[5], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne6, op->src[6], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb6, op->src[6], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src3 = op->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * src4 = op->src[4];
+    const ggml_tensor * src5 = op->src[5];
+    const ggml_tensor * src6 = op->src[6];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src3);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src4);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src5);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src6);
+
+    const int64_t d_state      = ne00;
+    const int64_t d_inner      = ne01;
+    const int64_t n_head       = ne02;
+    const int64_t n_group      = ne41;
+    const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ne12;
+    const int64_t n_seqs       = ne13;
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_scan args = {
+        /*.d_state      =*/ d_state,
+        /*.d_inner      =*/ d_inner,
+        /*.n_head       =*/ n_head,
+        /*.n_group      =*/ n_group,
+        /*.n_seq_tokens =*/ n_seq_tokens,
+        /*.n_seqs       =*/ n_seqs,
+        /*.s_off        =*/ ggml_nelements(op->src[1]) * sizeof(float),
+        /*.nb00         =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01         =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02         =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03         =*/ nb03,
+        /*.nb10         =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11         =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12         =*/ nb12,
+        /*.ns12         =*/ nb12/nb10,
+        /*.nb13         =*/ nb13,
+        /*.nb20         =*/ nb20,
+        /*.nb21         =*/ nb21,
+        /*.ns21         =*/ nb21/nb20,
+        /*.nb22         =*/ nb22,
+        /*.ne30         =*/ ne30,
+        /*.nb31         =*/ nb31,
+        /*.nb41         =*/ nb41,
+        /*.nb42         =*/ nb42,
+        /*.ns42         =*/ nb42/nb40,
+        /*.nb43         =*/ nb43,
+        /*.nb51         =*/ nb51,
+        /*.nb52         =*/ nb52,
+        /*.ns52         =*/ nb52/nb50,
+        /*.nb53         =*/ nb53,
+        /*.nb0          =*/ nb0,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_ssm_scan(lib, op);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_state <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+    const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), 3);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[3]), 4);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[4]), 5);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[5]), 6);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[6]), 7);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         8);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, d_inner, n_head, n_seqs, d_state, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_rwkv(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int64_t B = op->op == GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6 ? op->src[5]->ne[1] : op->src[6]->ne[1];
+    const int64_t T = op->src[0]->ne[2];
+    const int64_t C = op->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H = op->src[0]->ne[1];
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_rwkv(lib, op);
+
+    int ida = 0;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[3]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[4]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[5]), ida++);
+    if (op->op == GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[6]), ida++);
+    }
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, (void *) &B, sizeof(B), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, (void *) &T, sizeof(T), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, (void *) &C, sizeof(C), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, (void *) &H, sizeof(H), ida++);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, B * H, 1, 1, C/H, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_gated_delta_net(lib, op);
+
+    int ida = 0;
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_gated_delta_net args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+        /*.ne20 =*/ ne20,
+        /*.ne21 =*/ ne21,
+        /*.ne22 =*/ ne22,
+        /*.ne23 =*/ ne23,
+        /*.nb20 =*/ nb20,
+        /*.nb21 =*/ nb21,
+        /*.nb22 =*/ nb22,
+        /*.nb23 =*/ nb23,
+        /*.ns02 =*/ (int32_t) (nb02/sizeof(float)),
+        /*.ns12 =*/ (int32_t) (nb12/sizeof(float)),
+        /*.ns22 =*/ (int32_t) (nb22/sizeof(float)),
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args),                  ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), ida++); // q
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), ida++); // k
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), ida++); // v
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[3]), ida++); // gate
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[4]), ida++); // beta
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[5]), ida++); // state
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         ida++); // dst
+
+    const int nsg = pipeline.nsg;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, op->src[2]->ne[0]/nsg, op->src[2]->ne[1], op->src[2]->ne[3], 32, nsg, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_solve_tri(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_solve_tri args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_solve_tri(lib, op);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    const int nsg = pipeline.nsg;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, pipeline.smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne10 + nsg - 1)/nsg, ne02, ne03, 32, nsg, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_set(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src1 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    const size_t pnb1 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[0];
+    const size_t pnb2 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[1];
+    const size_t pnb3 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
+    const size_t offs = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[3];
+
+    const bool inplace = (bool) ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[4];
+
+    if (!inplace) {
+        // run a separate kernel to cpy src->dst
+        // not sure how to avoid this
+        // TODO: make a simpler cpy_bytes kernel
+
+        //const id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->pipelines[GGML_METAL_PIPELINE_TYPE_CPY_F32_F32].obj;
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cpy(lib, op->src[0]->type, op->type);
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_cpy args = {
+            /*.nk0  =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+            /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+            /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+            /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+            /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+            /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+            /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+            /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+        };
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+
+        const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne00);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+        ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+    }
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cpy(lib, op->src[1]->type, op->type);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne10 % ggml_blck_size(op->src[1]->type) == 0);
+
+    int64_t nk0 = ne10;
+    if (ggml_is_quantized(op->src[1]->type)) {
+        nk0 = ne10/16;
+    } else if (ggml_is_quantized(op->type)) {
+        nk0 = ne10/ggml_blck_size(op->type);
+    }
+
+    int nth = std::min<int>(nk0, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+    // when rows are small, we can batch them together in a single threadgroup
+    int nrptg = 1;
+
+    // TODO: relax this constraint in the future
+    if (ggml_blck_size(op->src[1]->type) == 1 && ggml_blck_size(op->type) == 1) {
+        if (nth > nk0) {
+            nrptg = (nth + nk0 - 1)/nk0;
+            nth   = nk0;
+
+            if (nrptg*nth > ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+                nrptg--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min<int>(nth, nk0);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_cpy args = {
+        /*.nk0  =*/ nk0,
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb13,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ ggml_element_size(op),
+        /*.nb1  =*/ pnb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ pnb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ pnb3,
+    };
+
+    const int nw0 = nrptg == 1 ? (nk0 + nth - 1)/nth : 1;
+
+    bid_dst.offs += offs;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src1, 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nw0*(ne11 + nrptg - 1)/nrptg, ne12, ne13, nth, nrptg, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_cpy(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_cpy(lib, op->src[0]->type, op->type);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % ggml_blck_size(op->src[0]->type) == 0);
+
+    int64_t nk0 = ne00;
+    if (ggml_is_quantized(op->src[0]->type)) {
+        nk0 = ne00/16;
+    } else if (ggml_is_quantized(op->type)) {
+        nk0 = ne00/ggml_blck_size(op->type);
+    }
+
+    int nth = std::min<int>(nk0, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+    // when rows are small, we can batch them together in a single threadgroup
+    int nrptg = 1;
+
+    // TODO: relax this constraint in the future
+    if (ggml_blck_size(op->src[0]->type) == 1 && ggml_blck_size(op->type) == 1) {
+        if (nth > nk0) {
+            nrptg = (nth + nk0 - 1)/nk0;
+            nth   = nk0;
+
+            if (nrptg*nth > ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+                nrptg--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min<int>(nth, nk0);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_cpy args = {
+        /*.nk0  =*/ nk0,
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    const int nw0 = nrptg == 1 ? (nk0 + nth - 1)/nth : 1;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nw0*(ne01 + nrptg - 1)/nrptg, ne02, ne03, nth, nrptg, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_pool_1d(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int32_t * opts = op->op_params;
+    ggml_op_pool op_pool = (ggml_op_pool) opts[0];
+
+    const int32_t k0 = opts[1];
+    const int32_t s0 = opts[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = opts[3];
+
+    const int64_t IW = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+    const int64_t OW = op->ne[0];
+
+    const int64_t np = ggml_nelements(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_pool_1d args_pool_1d = {
+        /* .k0 = */  k0,
+        /* .s0 = */  s0,
+        /* .p0 = */  p0,
+        /* .IW = */  IW,
+        /* .OW = */  OW,
+        /* .np = */  np
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pool_1d(lib, op, op_pool);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), (int) np);
+    const int ntg = (np + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args_pool_1d, sizeof(args_pool_1d),  0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ntg, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+int ggml_metal_op_pool_2d(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int32_t * opts = op->op_params;
+    ggml_op_pool op_pool = (ggml_op_pool) opts[0];
+
+    const int32_t k0 = opts[1];
+    const int32_t k1 = opts[2];
+    const int32_t s0 = opts[3];
+    const int32_t s1 = opts[4];
+    const int32_t p0 = opts[5];
+    const int32_t p1 = opts[6];
+
+    const int64_t IH = op->src[0]->ne[1];
+    const int64_t IW = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+
+    const int64_t N  = op->ne[3];
+    const int64_t OC = op->ne[2];
+    const int64_t OH = op->ne[1];
+    const int64_t OW = op->ne[0];
+
+    const int64_t np = N * OC * OH * OW;
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_pool_2d args_pool_2d = {
+        /* .k0 = */ k0,
+        /* .k1 = */ k1,
+        /* .s0 = */ s0,
+        /* .s1 = */ s1,
+        /* .p0 = */ p0,
+        /* .p1 = */ p1,
+        /* .IH = */ IH,
+        /* .IW = */ IW,
+        /* .OH = */ OH,
+        /* .OW = */ OW,
+        /* .np = */ np
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pool_2d(lib, op, op_pool);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), (int) np);
+    const int ntg = (np + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args_pool_2d, sizeof(args_pool_2d), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ntg, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_mul_mat(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    const ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx->dev);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne13 % ne03 == 0);
+
+    const int16_t r2 = ne12/ne02;
+    const int16_t r3 = ne13/ne03;
+
+    // find the break-even point where the matrix-matrix kernel becomes more efficient compared
+    // to the matrix-vector kernel
+    const int ne11_mm_min = 8;
+
+    // first try to use small-batch mat-mv kernels
+    // these should be efficient for BS [2, ~8]
+    if (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (ne00%128 == 0) &&
+        (
+         (
+          (
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32  || // TODO: helper function
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16  ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4 ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL ||
+           false) && (ne11 >= 2 && ne11 <= 8)
+         ) ||
+         (
+          (
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K ||
+           op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q3_K ||
+           false) && (ne11 >= 4 && ne11 <= 8)
+         )
+        )
+       ) {
+        // TODO: determine the optimal parameters based on grid utilization
+        //       I still don't know why we should not always use the maximum available threads:
+        //
+        //       nsg = pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup / 32
+        //
+        //       my current hypothesis is that the work grid is not evenly divisible for different nsg
+        //       values and there can be some tail effects when nsg is high. need to confirm this
+        //
+        const int nsg    = 2;                 // num simdgroups per threadgroup
+
+        // num threads along row per simdgroup
+        int16_t nxpsg = 0;
+        if (ne00 % 256 == 0 && ne11 < 3) {
+            nxpsg = 16;
+        } else if (ne00 % 128 == 0) {
+            nxpsg = 8;
+        } else {
+            nxpsg = 4;
+        }
+
+        const int16_t nypsg  = 32/nxpsg;          // num threads along col per simdgroup (i.e. a simdgroup processes that many src0 rows at a time)
+        const int16_t r0ptg  = nypsg*nsg;         // num src0 rows per threadgroup
+              int16_t r1ptg  = 4;                 // num src1 rows per threadgroup
+
+        // note: not sure how optimal are those across all different hardware. there might be something cleverer
+        switch (ne11) {
+            case 2:
+                r1ptg = 2; break;
+            case 3:
+            case 6:
+                r1ptg = 3; break;
+            case 4:
+            case 7:
+            case 8:
+                r1ptg = 4; break;
+            case 5:
+                r1ptg = 5; break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("unsupported ne11");
+        };
+
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv_ext(lib, op->src[0]->type, op->src[1]->type, nsg, nxpsg, r1ptg);
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_ext args = {
+            /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+            /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne10  =*/ ne10,
+            /*.ne11  =*/ ne11,
+            /*.ne12  =*/ ne12,
+            /*.nb10  =*/ nb10,
+            /*.nb11  =*/ nb11,
+            /*.nb12  =*/ nb12,
+            /*.nb13  =*/ nb13,
+            /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+            /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+            /*.r2    =*/ r2,
+            /*.r3    =*/ r3,
+        };
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ((ne01 + r0ptg - 1)/r0ptg), ((ne11 + r1ptg - 1)/r1ptg), ne12*ne13, 32, nsg, 1);
+    } else if (
+        !ggml_is_transposed(op->src[0]) &&
+        !ggml_is_transposed(op->src[1]) &&
+        // for now the matrix-matrix multiplication kernel only works on A14+/M1+ SoCs
+        // AMD GPU and older A-chips will reuse matrix-vector multiplication kernel
+        props_dev->has_simdgroup_mm && ne00 >= 64 && ne11 > ne11_mm_min) {
+        //GGML_LOG_INFO("matrix: ne00 = %6d, ne01 = %6d, ne02 = %6d, ne11 = %6d, ne12 = %6d\n", ne00, ne01, ne02, ne11, ne12);
+
+        // some Metal matrix data types require aligned pointers
+        // ref: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf (Table 2.5)
+        //switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+        //    case GGML_TYPE_F32:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 16 == 0); break;
+        //    case GGML_TYPE_F16:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
+        //    case GGML_TYPE_BF16: GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
+        //    default: break;
+        //}
+
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm(lib, op);
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm args = {
+            /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+            /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+            /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+            /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+            /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+            /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+            /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+            /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+            /*.r2   =*/ r2,
+            /*.r3   =*/ r3,
+        };
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+        const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ((ne11 + 31)/32), ((ne01 + 63)/64), ne12*ne13, 128, 1, 1);
+    } else {
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv(lib, op);
+
+        const int nr0 = pipeline.nr0;
+        const int nr1 = pipeline.nr1;
+        const int nsg = pipeline.nsg;
+
+        const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv args = {
+            /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+            /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+            /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+            /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+            /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+            /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+            /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+            /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+            /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+            /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+            /*.nr0  =*/ nr0,
+            /*.r2   =*/ r2,
+            /*.r3   =*/ r3,
+        };
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+        if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ||
+            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 ||
+            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ((ne01 + nr0 - 1)/(nr0)), ((ne11 + nr1 - 1)/nr1), ne12*ne13, 32, nsg, 1);
+        } else {
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ((ne01 + nr0*nsg - 1)/(nr0*nsg)), ((ne11 + nr1 - 1)/nr1), ne12*ne13, 32, nsg, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+size_t ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id_extra_tpe(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID);
+
+    const int64_t ne02 = op->src[0]->ne[2]; // n_expert
+
+    return ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_I32)*ne02;
+}
+
+size_t ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id_extra_ids(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID);
+
+    const int64_t ne02 = op->src[0]->ne[2]; // n_expert
+    const int64_t ne21 = op->src[2]->ne[1]; // n_token
+
+    return ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_I32)*ne02*ne21;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    const ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx->dev);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    // src2 = ids
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(op->src[1]));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne13 == 1);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src1 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src2 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    const uint32_t r2 = 1;
+    const uint32_t r3 = 1;
+
+    // find the break-even point where the matrix-matrix kernel becomes more efficient compared
+    // to the matrix-vector kernel
+    // ne20 = n_used_experts
+    // ne21 = n_rows (batch size)
+    const int ne21_mm_id_min = 32;
+
+    if (props_dev->has_simdgroup_mm && ne00 >= 64 && (ne21 >= ne21_mm_id_min)) {
+        // some Metal matrix data types require aligned pointers
+        // ref: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf (Table 2.5)
+        //switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+        //    case GGML_TYPE_F32:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 16 == 0); break;
+        //    case GGML_TYPE_F16:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
+        //    case GGML_TYPE_BF16: GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
+        //    default: break;
+        //}
+
+        // extra buffers for intermediate id mapping
+        ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_tpe = bid_dst;
+        bid_tpe.offs += ggml_nbytes(op);
+
+        ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_ids = bid_tpe;
+        bid_ids.offs += ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id_extra_tpe(op);
+
+        {
+            ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id_map0 args = {
+                ne02,
+                ne10,
+                ne11, // n_expert_used (bcast)
+                nb11,
+                nb12,
+                ne21, // n_tokens
+                ne20, // n_expert_used
+                nb21,
+            };
+
+            auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm_id_map0(lib, ne02, ne20);
+
+            const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne02 <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(smem <= props_dev->max_theadgroup_memory_size);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src2, 1);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tpe,  2);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_ids,  3);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, 1, 1, 1, ne02, 1, 1);
+        }
+
+        // this barrier is always needed because the next kernel has to wait for the id maps to be computed
+        ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+        {
+            auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mm_id(lib, op);
+
+            ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id args = {
+                /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+                /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+                /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+                /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+                /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+                /*.ne11  =*/ ne11, // n_expert_used (bcast)
+                /*.nb10  =*/ nb10,
+                /*.nb11  =*/ nb11,
+                /*.nb12  =*/ nb12,
+                /*.nb13  =*/ nb13,
+                /*.ne20  =*/ ne20, // n_expert_used
+                /*.ne21  =*/ ne21, // n_tokens
+                /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+                /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+                /*.r2    =*/ r2,
+                /*.r3    =*/ r3,
+            };
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src1, 2);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tpe,  3);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_ids,  4);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  5);
+
+            const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne21 + 31)/32, (ne01 + 63)/64, ne02, 128, 1, 1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_mul_mv_id(lib, op);
+
+        const int nr0 = pipeline.nr0;
+        const int nr1 = pipeline.nr1;
+        const int nsg = pipeline.nsg;
+
+        const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_id args = {
+            /*.nei0 =*/ ne20,
+            /*.nei1 =*/ ne21,
+            /*.nbi1 =*/ nb21,
+            /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+            /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+            /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+            /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+            /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+            /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
+            /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+            /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+            /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+            /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+            /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+            /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+            /*.nr0  =*/ nr0,
+        };
+
+        if (ggml_is_quantized(op->src[0]->type)) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne00 >= nsg*nr0);
+        }
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_src0, 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_src1, 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_dst,  3);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_src2, 4);
+
+        const int64_t _ne1 = 1;
+        const int64_t ne123 = ne20*ne21;
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+        if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ||
+            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 ||
+            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne01 + nr0 - 1)/(nr0), (_ne1 + nr1 - 1)/nr1, ne123, 32, nsg, 1);
+        } else {
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne01 + nr0*nsg - 1)/(nr0*nsg), (_ne1 + nr1 - 1)/nr1, ne123, 32, nsg, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_add_id(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type         == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_add_id args = {
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb21 =*/ nb21,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_base(lib, GGML_OP_ADD_ID);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), 3);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         4);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne00);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+bool ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_use_vec(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = op->src[0]->ne[0]; // head size
+    const int64_t ne01 = op->src[0]->ne[1]; // batch size
+
+    // use vec kernel if the batch size is small and if the head size is supported
+    return (ne01 < 20) && (ne00 % 32 == 0);
+}
+
+size_t ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_pad(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne3, op->src[3], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb3, op->src[3], nb);
+
+    size_t res = 0;
+
+    const bool has_mask = op->src[3] != nullptr;
+
+    // note: the non-vec kernel requires more extra memory, so always reserve for it
+    GGML_ASSERT(OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NCPSG >= OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NCPSG);
+
+    //if (ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_use_vec(op)) {
+    if (false) {
+        // note: always reserve the padding space to avoid graph reallocations
+        //const bool has_kvpad = ne11 % OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NCPSG != 0;
+        const bool has_kvpad = true;
+
+        if (has_kvpad) {
+            res += OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NCPSG*(
+                nb11*ne12*ne13 +
+                nb21*ne22*ne23 +
+                (has_mask ? ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F16)*ne31*ne32*ne33 : 0));
+        }
+    } else {
+        //const bool has_kvpad = ne11 % OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NCPSG != 0;
+        const bool has_kvpad = true;
+
+        if (has_kvpad) {
+            res += OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NCPSG*(
+                nb11*ne12*ne13 +
+                nb21*ne22*ne23 +
+                (has_mask ? ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F16)*ne31*ne32*ne33 : 0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+size_t ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_blk(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne3, op->src[3], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb3, op->src[3], nb);
+
+    size_t res = 0;
+
+    const bool has_mask = op->src[3] != nullptr;
+
+    if (!has_mask) {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    const bool is_vec = ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_use_vec(op);
+
+    // this optimization is not useful for the vector kernels
+    // note: always reserve the blk buffer to avoid graph reallocations
+    //if (is_vec) {
+    //    return res;
+    //}
+
+    const int nqptg = is_vec ? OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NQPSG : OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NQPSG;
+    const int ncpsg = is_vec ? OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NCPSG : OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NCPSG;
+
+    const int64_t ne1 = (ne01 + nqptg - 1)/nqptg;
+    const int64_t ne0 = (ne30 + ncpsg - 1)/ncpsg;
+
+    res += GGML_PAD(ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_I8)*ne0*ne1*ne32*ne33, 32);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+size_t ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_tmp(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    assert(op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne3, op->src[3], ne);
+  //GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb3, op->src[3], nb);
+
+    size_t res = 0;
+
+    // note: always reserve the temp buffer to avoid graph reallocations
+    //if (ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_use_vec(op)) {
+    if (true) {
+        const int64_t nwg = 32;
+        const int64_t ne01_max = std::min(ne01, 32);
+
+        // temp buffer for writing the results from each workgroup
+        // - ne20: the size of the Value head
+        // -  + 2: the S and M values for each intermediate result
+        res += ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)*(ne01_max*ne02*ne03*nwg*(ne20 + 2));
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    const ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx->dev);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne2, op->src[2], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb2, op->src[2], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne3, op->src[3], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb3, op->src[3], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == op->src[2]->type);
+
+    //GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape (src1, src2));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == ne21);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne12 == ne22);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!op->src[3] || op->src[3]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!op->src[3] || op->src[3]->ne[1] >= op->src[0]->ne[1] &&
+            "the Flash-Attention Metal kernel requires the mask to be at least n_queries big");
+
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+    float logit_softcap;
+
+    memcpy(&scale,         ((const int32_t *) op->op_params) + 0, sizeof(scale));
+    memcpy(&max_bias,      ((const int32_t *) op->op_params) + 1, sizeof(max_bias));
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, ((const int32_t *) op->op_params) + 2, sizeof(logit_softcap));
+
+    if (logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+        scale /= logit_softcap;
+    }
+
+    const bool has_mask  = op->src[3] != NULL;
+    const bool has_sinks = op->src[4] != NULL;
+    const bool has_bias  = max_bias != 0.0f;
+    const bool has_scap  = logit_softcap != 0.0f;
+
+    const uint32_t n_head      = op->src[0]->ne[2];
+    const  int32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
+
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne01 < 65536);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src1 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src2 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src3 = has_mask  ? ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[3]) : bid_src0;
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src4 = has_sinks ? ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[4]) : bid_src0;
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_pad = bid_dst;
+    bid_pad.offs += ggml_nbytes(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_blk = bid_pad;
+    bid_blk.offs += ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_pad(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_tmp = bid_blk;
+    bid_tmp.offs += ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_blk(op);
+
+    if (!ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_use_vec(op)) {
+        // half8x8 kernel
+        const int nqptg = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NQPSG; // queries per threadgroup
+        const int ncpsg = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NCPSG; // cache values per simdgroup
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nqptg <= 32);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nqptg  % 8  == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ncpsg  % 32 == 0);
+
+        bool need_sync = false;
+
+        const bool has_kvpad = ne11 % ncpsg != 0;
+
+        if (has_kvpad) {
+            assert(ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_pad(op) != 0);
+
+            ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_pad args0 = {
+                /*.ne11    =*/ne11,
+                /*.ne_12_2 =*/ne12,
+                /*.ne_12_3 =*/ne13,
+                /*.nb11    =*/nb11,
+                /*.nb12    =*/nb12,
+                /*.nb13    =*/nb13,
+                /*.nb21    =*/nb21,
+                /*.nb22    =*/nb22,
+                /*.nb23    =*/nb23,
+                /*.ne31    =*/ne31,
+                /*.ne32    =*/ne32,
+                /*.ne33    =*/ne33,
+                /*.nb31    =*/nb31,
+                /*.nb32    =*/nb32,
+                /*.nb33    =*/nb33,
+            };
+
+            auto pipeline0 = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_pad(lib, op, has_mask, ncpsg);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args0, sizeof(args0), 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src1, 1);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src2, 2);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src3, 3);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_pad,  4);
+
+            assert(ne12 == ne22);
+            assert(ne13 == ne23);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ncpsg, std::max(ne12, ne32), std::max(ne13, ne33), 32, 1, 1);
+
+            need_sync = true;
+        }
+
+        if (has_mask) {
+            assert(ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_blk(op) != 0);
+
+            ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_blk args0 = {
+                /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+                /*.ne30 =*/ ne30,
+                /*.ne31 =*/ ne31,
+                /*.ne32 =*/ ne32,
+                /*.ne33 =*/ ne33,
+                /*.nb31 =*/ nb31,
+                /*.nb32 =*/ nb32,
+                /*.nb33 =*/ nb33,
+            };
+
+            auto pipeline0 = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_blk(lib, op, nqptg, ncpsg);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args0, sizeof(args0), 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src3, 1);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_blk,  2);
+
+            const int32_t nblk1 = ((ne01 + nqptg - 1)/nqptg);
+            const int32_t nblk0 = ((ne30 + ncpsg - 1)/ncpsg);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nblk0, nblk1, ne32*ne33, 32, 1, 1);
+
+            need_sync = true;
+        }
+
+        if (need_sync) {
+            ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+        }
+
+        const int is_q = ggml_is_quantized(op->src[1]->type) ? 1 : 0;
+
+        // 2*(2*ncpsg)
+        // ncpsg soft_max values + ncpsg mask values
+        //
+        // 16*32*(nsg)
+        // the shared memory needed for the simdgroups to load the KV cache
+        // each thread loads (dequantizes) 16 head elements, there are 32 threads in th SG
+        //
+#define FATTN_SMEM(nsg) (GGML_PAD((nqptg*(ne00 + 2*GGML_PAD(ne20, 64) + 2*(2*ncpsg)) + is_q*(16*32*(nsg)))*(sizeof(float)/2), 16))
+
+        //int64_t nsgmax = 4;
+        //
+        //if (is_q) {
+        //    nsgmax = 2;
+        //    while (true) {
+        //        const size_t smem = FATTN_SMEM(nsgmax);
+        //        if (smem > props_dev->max_theadgroup_memory_size) {
+        //            break;
+        //        }
+        //        nsgmax *= 2;
+        //    }
+        //    nsgmax /= 2;
+        //}
+
+        // simdgroups per threadgroup (a.k.a. warps)
+        //nsg = ne01 <= nqptg ? MAX(4, MIN(nsgmax, MIN(ne11/ncpsg, (int64_t) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup/32))) : 4;
+        int32_t nsg = ne00 >= 512 ? 8 : 4;
+
+        const size_t smem = FATTN_SMEM(nsg);
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext args = {
+            /*.ne01          =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02          =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03          =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb01          =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02          =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03          =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne11          =*/ ne11,
+            /*.ne_12_2       =*/ ne12,
+            /*.ne_12_3       =*/ ne13,
+            /*.ns10          =*/ int32_t(nb11/nb10),
+            /*.nb11          =*/ nb11,
+            /*.nb12          =*/ nb12,
+            /*.nb13          =*/ nb13,
+            /*.ns20          =*/ int32_t(nb21/nb20),
+            /*.nb21          =*/ nb21,
+            /*.nb22          =*/ nb22,
+            /*.nb23          =*/ nb23,
+            /*.ne31          =*/ ne31,
+            /*.ne32          =*/ ne32,
+            /*.ne33          =*/ ne33,
+            /*.nb31          =*/ nb31,
+            /*.nb32          =*/ nb32,
+            /*.nb33          =*/ nb33,
+            /*.ne1           =*/ ne1,
+            /*.ne2           =*/ ne2,
+            /*.ne3           =*/ ne3,
+            /*.scale         =*/ scale,
+            /*.max_bias      =*/ max_bias,
+            /*.m0            =*/ m0,
+            /*.m1            =*/ m1,
+            /*.n_head_log2   =*/ n_head_log2,
+            /*.logit_softcap =*/ logit_softcap,
+        };
+
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext(lib, op, has_mask, has_sinks, has_bias, has_scap, has_kvpad, nsg);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src1, 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src2, 3);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src3, 4);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src4, 5);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_pad,  6);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_blk,  7);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  8);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne01 + nqptg - 1)/nqptg, ne02, ne03, 32, nsg, 1);
+#undef FATTN_SMEM
+    } else {
+        // half4x4 kernel
+        const int nqptg = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NQPSG; // queries per threadgroup
+        const int ncpsg = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NCPSG; // cache values per simdgroup !! sync with kernel template arguments !!
+        const int nhptg = 1;                           // heads per threadgroup
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nqptg <= 32);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nqptg  % 1  == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ncpsg  % 32 == 0);
+
+        bool need_sync = false;
+
+        const bool has_kvpad = ne11 % ncpsg != 0;
+
+        if (has_kvpad) {
+            assert(ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_pad(op) != 0);
+
+            ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_pad args0 = {
+                /*.ne11    =*/ne11,
+                /*.ne_12_2 =*/ne12,
+                /*.ne_12_3 =*/ne13,
+                /*.nb11    =*/nb11,
+                /*.nb12    =*/nb12,
+                /*.nb13    =*/nb13,
+                /*.nb21    =*/nb21,
+                /*.nb22    =*/nb22,
+                /*.nb23    =*/nb23,
+                /*.ne31    =*/ne31,
+                /*.ne32    =*/ne32,
+                /*.ne33    =*/ne33,
+                /*.nb31    =*/nb31,
+                /*.nb32    =*/nb32,
+                /*.nb33    =*/nb33,
+            };
+
+            auto pipeline0 = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_pad(lib, op, has_mask, ncpsg);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args0, sizeof(args0), 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src1, 1);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src2, 2);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src3, 3);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_pad,  4);
+
+            assert(ne12 == ne22);
+            assert(ne13 == ne23);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ncpsg, std::max(ne12, ne32), std::max(ne13, ne33), 32, 1, 1);
+
+            need_sync = true;
+        }
+
+        if (need_sync) {
+            ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+        }
+
+        // note: for simplicity assume the K is larger or equal than V
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne10 >= ne20);
+
+        // ne00 + 2*ncpsg*(nsg)
+        // for each query, we load it as f16 in shared memory (ne00)
+        // and store the soft_max values and the mask
+        //
+        // ne20*(nsg)
+        // each simdgroup has a full f32 head vector in shared mem to accumulate results
+        //
+#define FATTN_SMEM(nsg) (GGML_PAD(((GGML_PAD(ne00, 128) + 4*ncpsg + 2*GGML_PAD(ne20, 128))*(nsg))*(sizeof(float)/2), 16))
+
+        int64_t nsg = 1;
+
+        // workgroups
+        // each workgroup handles nsg*nkpsg cache values
+        int32_t nwg = 1;
+        if (false) {
+            // for small KV caches, we could launch a single workgroup and write the results directly to dst/
+            // however, this does not lead to significant improvement, so disabled
+            nwg = 1;
+            nsg = 4;
+        } else {
+            nwg = 32;
+            nsg = 1;
+            while (2*nwg*nsg*ncpsg < ne11 && nsg < 4) {
+                nsg *= 2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_vec args = {
+            /*.ne01          =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02          =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03          =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb01          =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02          =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03          =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne11          =*/ ne11,
+            /*.ne_12_2       =*/ ne12,
+            /*.ne_12_3       =*/ ne13,
+            /*.ns10          =*/ int32_t(nb11/nb10),
+            /*.nb11          =*/ nb11,
+            /*.nb12          =*/ nb12,
+            /*.nb13          =*/ nb13,
+            /*.ns20          =*/ int32_t(nb21/nb20),
+            /*.nb21          =*/ nb21,
+            /*.nb22          =*/ nb22,
+            /*.nb23          =*/ nb23,
+            /*.ne31          =*/ ne31,
+            /*.ne32          =*/ ne32,
+            /*.ne33          =*/ ne33,
+            /*.nb31          =*/ nb31,
+            /*.nb32          =*/ nb32,
+            /*.nb33          =*/ nb33,
+            /*.ne1           =*/ ne1,
+            /*.ne2           =*/ ne2,
+            /*.ne3           =*/ ne3,
+            /*.scale         =*/ scale,
+            /*.max_bias      =*/ max_bias,
+            /*.m0            =*/ m0,
+            /*.m1            =*/ m1,
+            /*.n_head_log2   =*/ n_head_log2,
+            /*.logit_softcap =*/ logit_softcap,
+        };
+
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_vec(lib, op, has_mask, has_sinks, has_bias, has_scap, has_kvpad, nsg, nwg);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nsg*32 <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src1, 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src2, 3);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src3, 4);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src4, 5);
+
+        const size_t smem = FATTN_SMEM(nsg);
+
+        //printf("smem: %zu, max: %zu, nsg = %d, nsgmax = %d\n", smem, props_dev->max_theadgroup_memory_size, (int) nsg, (int) nsgmax);
+        GGML_ASSERT(smem <= props_dev->max_theadgroup_memory_size);
+
+        if (nwg == 1) {
+            assert(ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_tmp(op) == 0);
+
+            // using 1 workgroup -> write the result directly into dst
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_pad, 6);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_dst, 7);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne01 + nqptg - 1)/nqptg, (ne02 + nhptg - 1)/nhptg, ne03*nwg, 32, nsg, 1);
+        } else {
+            // sanity checks
+            assert(ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_tmp(op) != 0);
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne01*ne02*ne03 == ne1*ne2*ne3);
+            GGML_ASSERT((uint64_t)ne1*ne2*ne3 <= (1u << 31));
+
+            // write the results from each workgroup into a temp buffer
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_pad, 6);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, bid_tmp, 7);
+
+            ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+            ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, (ne01 + nqptg - 1)/nqptg, (ne02 + nhptg - 1)/nhptg, ne03*nwg, 32, nsg, 1);
+
+            // sync the 2 kernels
+            ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+            // reduce the results from the workgroups
+            {
+                const int32_t nrows = ne1*ne2*ne3;
+
+                ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce args0 = {
+                    nrows,
+                };
+
+                auto pipeline0 = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce(lib, op, ne20, nwg);
+
+                ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline0);
+                ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args0, sizeof(args0), 0);
+                ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp, 1);
+                ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst, 2);
+
+                ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nrows, 1, 1, 32*nwg, 1, 1);
+            }
+        }
+#undef FATTN_SMEM
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_bin(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    const bool use_fusion = ctx->use_fusion;
+
+    const int debug_fusion = ctx->debug_fusion;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[1]));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src1 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_bin args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
+        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
+        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
+        /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+        /*.offs =*/ 0,
+        /*.o1   =*/ { bid_src1.offs },
+    };
+
+    ggml_op fops[8];
+
+    int n_fuse = 1;
+
+    // c[0] = add(a,    b[0])
+    // c[1] = add(c[0], b[1])
+    // c[2] = add(c[1], b[2])
+    // ...
+    if (use_fusion) {
+        fops[0] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+        fops[1] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+        fops[2] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+        fops[3] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+        fops[4] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+        fops[5] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+        fops[6] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+        fops[7] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+
+        // note: in metal, we sometimes encode the graph in parallel so we have to avoid fusing ops
+        //       across splits. idx_end indicates the last node in the current split
+        for (n_fuse = 0; n_fuse <= 6; ++n_fuse) {
+            if (!ctx->can_fuse(idx + n_fuse, fops + n_fuse, 2)) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * f0 = ctx->node(idx + n_fuse);
+            ggml_tensor * f1 = ctx->node(idx + n_fuse + 1);
+
+            if (f0 != f1->src[0]) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // b[0] === b[1] === ...
+            if (!ggml_are_same_layout(f0->src[1], f1->src[1])) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // only fuse ops if src1 is in the same Metal buffer
+            ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_fuse = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(f1->src[1]);
+            if (bid_fuse.metal != bid_src1.metal) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            //ctx->fuse_cnt[ops[n_fuse + 1]->op]++;
+
+            args.o1[n_fuse + 1] = bid_fuse.offs;
+        }
+
+        ++n_fuse;
+
+        if (debug_fusion > 1 && n_fuse > 1) {
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: fuse: ADD x %d\n", __func__, n_fuse);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // the offsets of src1 and all fused buffers are relative to the start of the src1 buffer
+    bid_src1.offs = 0;
+
+    struct ggml_metal_pipeline_with_params pipeline;
+
+    pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_bin(lib, op, n_fuse);
+
+    if (n_fuse > 1) {
+        bid_dst = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(ctx->node(idx + n_fuse - 1));
+
+        for (int i = 1; i < n_fuse; ++i) {
+            if (!ggml_metal_op_concurrency_check(ctx, ctx->node(idx + i))) {
+                ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pipeline.c4) {
+        args.ne00 = ne00/4;
+        args.ne10 = ne10/4;
+        args.ne0  = ne0/4;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src1, 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  3);
+
+    if (pipeline.cnt) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, args.ne0, ggml_nrows(op), 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    } else {
+        const int nth_max = MIN(256, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+        int nth = 1;
+
+        while (2*nth < args.ne0 && nth < nth_max) {
+            nth *= 2;
+        }
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    return n_fuse;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_l2_norm(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, op->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_l2_norm args = {
+        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0   =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1   =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2   =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3   =*/ nb3,
+        /*.eps   =*/ eps,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_l2_norm(lib, op);
+
+    if (pipeline.c4) {
+        args.ne00 = ne00/4;
+        args.ne0  = ne0/4;
+    }
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+
+    while (nth < ne00 && nth < ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min(nth, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+    const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_group_norm(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int32_t ngrp = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[0];
+
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, op->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_group_norm args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.ngrp =*/ ngrp,
+        /*.eps  =*/ eps,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_group_norm(lib, op);
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+    //while (nth < ne00/4 && nth < ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+    //    nth *= 2;
+    //}
+
+    //nth = std::min(nth, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+    //nth = std::min(nth, ne00/4);
+
+    const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ngrp, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_norm(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    const bool use_fusion = ctx->use_fusion;
+
+    const int debug_fusion = ctx->debug_fusion;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, op->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_norm args = {
+        /*.ne00   =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne00_t =*/ ne00 % 4 == 0 ? ne00/4 : ne00,
+        /*.nb1    =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2    =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3    =*/ nb3,
+        /*.eps    =*/ eps,
+        /*.nef1   =*/ { ne01 },
+        /*.nef2   =*/ { ne02 },
+        /*.nef3   =*/ { ne03 },
+        /*.nbf1   =*/ { nb01 },
+        /*.nbf2   =*/ { nb02 },
+        /*.nbf3   =*/ { nb03 },
+    };
+
+    ggml_op fops[8];
+
+    int n_fuse = 1;
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_fuse[2] = { bid_src0, bid_src0 };
+
+    // d[0] = norm(a)
+    // d[1] = mul(d[0], b)
+    // d[2] = add(d[1], c)
+    if (use_fusion) {
+        fops[0] = op->op;
+        fops[1] = GGML_OP_MUL;
+        fops[2] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+
+        for (n_fuse = 0; n_fuse <= 1; ++n_fuse) {
+            if (!ctx->can_fuse(idx + n_fuse, fops + n_fuse, 2)) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * f0 = ctx->node(idx + n_fuse);
+            ggml_tensor * f1 = ctx->node(idx + n_fuse + 1);
+
+            if (f0 != f1->src[0]) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (f1->src[1]->ne[0] != op->ne[0]) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (!ggml_is_contiguous_rows(f1->src[1])) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (f1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            //ctx->fuse_cnt[f1->op]++;
+
+            bid_fuse[n_fuse] = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(f1->src[1]);
+
+            args.nef1[n_fuse + 1] = f1->src[1]->ne[1];
+            args.nef2[n_fuse + 1] = f1->src[1]->ne[2];
+            args.nef3[n_fuse + 1] = f1->src[1]->ne[3];
+
+            args.nbf1[n_fuse + 1] = f1->src[1]->nb[1];
+            args.nbf2[n_fuse + 1] = f1->src[1]->nb[2];
+            args.nbf3[n_fuse + 1] = f1->src[1]->nb[3];
+        }
+
+        ++n_fuse;
+
+        if (debug_fusion > 1 && n_fuse > 1) {
+            if (n_fuse == 2) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: fuse: %s + MUL\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(op->op));
+            }
+            if (n_fuse == 3) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: fuse: %s + MUL + ADD\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(op->op));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (n_fuse > 1) {
+        bid_dst = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(ctx->node(idx + n_fuse - 1));
+
+        for (int i = 1; i < n_fuse; ++i) {
+            if (!ggml_metal_op_concurrency_check(ctx, ctx->node(idx + i))) {
+                ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_norm(lib, op, n_fuse);
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+
+    while (nth < args.ne00_t && nth < ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min(nth, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+    nth = std::min(nth, args.ne00_t);
+
+    const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0,    1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_fuse[0], 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_fuse[1], 3);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,     4);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return n_fuse;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_rope(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    // make sure we have one or more position id(ne10) per token(ne02)
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne10 % ne02 == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne10 >= ne02);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(1024, ne00);
+
+    const int n_past     = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[0];
+    const int n_dims     = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[1];
+  //const int mode       = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
+    // skip 3, n_ctx, used in GLM RoPE, unimplemented in metal
+    const int n_ctx_orig = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[4];
+
+    float freq_base;
+    float freq_scale;
+    float ext_factor;
+    float attn_factor;
+    float beta_fast;
+    float beta_slow;
+
+    memcpy(&freq_base,   (const int32_t *) op->op_params +  5, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&freq_scale,  (const int32_t *) op->op_params +  6, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&ext_factor,  (const int32_t *) op->op_params +  7, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&attn_factor, (const int32_t *) op->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_fast,   (const int32_t *) op->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_slow,   (const int32_t *) op->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+
+    // mrope
+    const int sect_0 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[11];
+    const int sect_1 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[12];
+    const int sect_2 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[13];
+    const int sect_3 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[14];
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_rope args = {
+        /*.ne00        =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01        =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02        =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03        =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00        =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01        =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02        =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03        =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0         =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1         =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2         =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3         =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0         =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1         =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2         =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3         =*/ nb3,
+        /*.n_past      =*/ n_past,
+        /*.n_dims      =*/ n_dims,
+        /*.n_ctx_orig  =*/ n_ctx_orig,
+        /*.freq_base   =*/ freq_base,
+        /*.freq_scale  =*/ freq_scale,
+        /*.ext_factor  =*/ ext_factor,
+        /*.attn_factor =*/ attn_factor,
+        /*.beta_fast   =*/ beta_fast,
+        /*.beta_slow   =*/ beta_slow,
+        /* sect_0      =*/ sect_0,
+        /* sect_1      =*/ sect_1,
+        /* sect_2      =*/ sect_2,
+        /* sect_3      =*/ sect_3,
+        /* src2        =*/ op->src[2] != nullptr,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_rope(lib, op);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    if (op->src[2]) {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), 3);
+    } else {
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 3);
+    }
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         4);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_im2col(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[5];
+
+    const bool is_2D = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[6] == 1;
+
+    const int32_t N  = op->src[1]->ne[is_2D ? 3 : 2];
+    const int32_t IC = op->src[1]->ne[is_2D ? 2 : 1];
+    const int32_t IH = is_2D ? op->src[1]->ne[1] : 1;
+    const int32_t IW =         op->src[1]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t KH = is_2D ? op->src[0]->ne[1] : 1;
+    const int32_t KW =         op->src[0]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t OH = is_2D ? op->ne[2] : 1;
+    const int32_t OW =         op->ne[1];
+
+    const int32_t CHW = IC * KH * KW;
+
+    const uint64_t ofs0 = op->src[1]->nb[is_2D ? 3 : 2] / 4;
+    const uint64_t ofs1 = op->src[1]->nb[is_2D ? 2 : 1] / 4;
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_im2col args = {
+        /*.ofs0 =*/ ofs0,
+        /*.ofs1 =*/ ofs1,
+        /*.IW   =*/ IW,
+        /*.IH   =*/ IH,
+        /*.CHW  =*/ CHW,
+        /*.s0   =*/ s0,
+        /*.s1   =*/ s1,
+        /*.p0   =*/ p0,
+        /*.p1   =*/ p1,
+        /*.d0   =*/ d0,
+        /*.d1   =*/ d1,
+        /*.N    =*/ N,
+        /*.KH   =*/ KH,
+        /*.KW   =*/ KW,
+        /*.KHW  =*/ KH * KW,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_im2col(lib, op);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(KH*KW <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+    const uint64_t ntptg0 = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)/(KH*KW), N);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, IC, OH, OW, ntptg0, KH, KW);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_conv_2d(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[1];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[3];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[4];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[5];
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_conv_2d args = {
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+        /*.IW   =*/ ne10,
+        /*.IH   =*/ ne11,
+        /*.KW   =*/ ne00,
+        /*.KH   =*/ ne01,
+        /*.IC   =*/ ne02,
+        /*.OC   =*/ ne03,
+        /*.OW   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.OH   =*/ ne1,
+        /*.N    =*/ ne3,
+        /*.s0   =*/ s0,
+        /*.s1   =*/ s1,
+        /*.p0   =*/ p0,
+        /*.p1   =*/ p1,
+        /*.d0   =*/ d0,
+        /*.d1   =*/ d1,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_2d(lib, op);
+
+    int nth = ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline);
+    nth = std::min(nth, 256);
+    nth = std::max(nth, 1);
+
+    const uint64_t n_out = ggml_nelements(op);
+
+    uint64_t tg = (n_out + nth - 1)/nth;
+    tg = std::max<uint64_t>(tg, 1);
+    tg = std::min<uint64_t>(tg, (uint64_t) std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, tg, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[0];
+
+    const int32_t IC = op->src[1]->ne[1];
+    const int32_t IL = op->src[1]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t K  = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t OL = op->ne[0];
+    const int32_t OC = op->ne[1];
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d args = {
+        /*.IC  =*/ IC,
+        /*.IL  =*/ IL,
+        /*.K   =*/ K,
+        /*.s0  =*/ s0,
+        /*.nb0 =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_transpose_1d(lib, op);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, OL, OC, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_conv_transpose_2d(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne1, op->src[1], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[0];
+
+    const int32_t IC = op->src[1]->ne[2];
+    const int32_t IH = op->src[1]->ne[1];
+    const int32_t IW = op->src[1]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t KH = op->src[0]->ne[1];
+    const int32_t KW = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+
+    const int32_t OW = op->ne[0];
+    const int32_t OH = op->ne[1];
+    const int32_t OC = op->ne[2];
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_2d args = {
+        /*.IC  =*/ IC,
+        /*.IH  =*/ IH,
+        /*.IW  =*/ IW,
+        /*.KH  =*/ KH,
+        /*.KW  =*/ KW,
+        /*.OC  =*/ OC,
+        /*.s0  =*/ s0,
+        /*.nb0 =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2 =*/ nb2,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_conv_transpose_2d(lib, op);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         3);
+
+    // Metal requires buffer size to be multiple of 16 bytes
+    const size_t smem = GGML_PAD(KW * KH * sizeof(float), 16);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, OW, OH, OC, KW, KH, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_upscale(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    float sf0 = (float)ne0/op->src[0]->ne[0];
+    float sf1 = (float)ne1/op->src[0]->ne[1];
+    float sf2 = (float)ne2/op->src[0]->ne[2];
+    float sf3 = (float)ne3/op->src[0]->ne[3];
+
+    const int32_t mode_flags = ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 0);
+
+    float poffs = 0.5f;
+
+    if (mode_flags & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ALIGN_CORNERS) {
+        poffs = 0.0f;
+        sf0 = ne0 > 1 && ne00 > 1 ? (float)(ne0 - 1) / (ne00 - 1) : sf0;
+        sf1 = ne1 > 1 && ne01 > 1 ? (float)(ne1 - 1) / (ne01 - 1) : sf1;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_upscale args = {
+        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0   =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1   =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2   =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3   =*/ nb3,
+        /*.sf0   =*/ sf0,
+        /*.sf1   =*/ sf1,
+        /*.sf2   =*/ sf2,
+        /*.sf3   =*/ sf3,
+        /*.poffs =*/ poffs,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_upscale(lib, op);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne1, ne2, ne3, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_pad(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_pad args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pad(lib, op);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(1024, ne0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne1, ne2, ne3, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_pad_reflect_1d args = {
+        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
+        /*.p0 =*/ ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[0],
+        /*.p1 =*/ ((const int32_t *)(op->op_params))[1]
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_pad_reflect_1d(lib, op);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(1024, ne0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne1, ne2, ne3, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_arange(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    float start;
+    float step;
+
+    memcpy(&start, ((const int32_t *) op->op_params) + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&step,  ((const int32_t *) op->op_params) + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_arange args = {
+        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.start =*/ start,
+        /*.step  =*/ step
+    };
+
+    const int nth = std::min(1024, ne0);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_arange(lib, op);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op), 1);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, 1, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_timestep_embedding(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    const int dim        = op->op_params[0];
+    const int max_period = op->op_params[1];
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_timestep_embedding args = {
+        /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
+        /*.dim =*/ dim,
+        /*.max_period =*/ max_period,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_timestep_embedding(lib, op);
+
+    const int nth = std::max(1, std::min(1024, dim/2));
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne00, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_argmax(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_argmax args = {
+        /*.ne00 = */ ne00,
+        /*.nb01 = */ nb01,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argmax(lib, op);
+
+    const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(op->src[0]);
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+    while (nth < ne00 && nth*ne01*ne02*ne03 < 256) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nrows, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_argsort(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argsort(lib, op);
+
+    // bitonic sort requires the number of elements to be power of 2
+    int nth = 1;
+    while (nth < ne00 && 2*nth <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    const int npr = (ne00 + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    // Metal kernels require the buffer size to be multiple of 16 bytes
+    // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/metal/mtlcomputecommandencoder/1443142-setthreadgroupmemorylength
+    const size_t smem = GGML_PAD(nth*sizeof(int32_t), 16);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_tmp = bid_dst;
+    bid_tmp.offs += ggml_nbytes(op);
+
+    if ((int) ceil(std::log(npr) / std::log(2)) % 2 == 1) {
+        std::swap(bid_dst, bid_tmp);
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_argsort args = {
+        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+        /*.top_k =*/ nth,
+    };
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, npr*ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    auto pipeline_merge = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_argsort_merge(lib, op);
+
+    int len = nth;
+
+    while (len < ne00) {
+        ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_argsort_merge args_merge = {
+            /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+            /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+            /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+            /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+            /*.top_k =*/ ne00,
+            /*.len   =*/ len,
+        };
+
+        // merges per row
+        const int nm = (ne00 + 2*len - 1) / (2*len);
+
+        const int nth = std::min(512, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline_merge));
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline_merge);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args_merge, sizeof(args_merge), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp,  3);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nm*ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+        std::swap(bid_dst, bid_tmp);
+
+        len <<= 1;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_top_k(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]));
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_top_k(lib, op);
+
+    // bitonic sort requires the number of elements to be power of 2
+    int nth = 1;
+    while (nth < ne00 && 2*nth <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    // blocks per row
+    const int npr = (ne00 + nth - 1)/nth;
+
+    const size_t smem = GGML_PAD(nth*sizeof(int32_t), 16);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src0 = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst  = ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op);
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_tmp = bid_dst;
+    bid_tmp.offs += sizeof(int32_t)*ggml_nelements(op->src[0]);
+
+    if ((int) ceil(std::log(npr) / std::log(2)) % 2 == 1) {
+        std::swap(bid_dst, bid_tmp);
+    }
+
+    const int top_k = ne0;
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_argsort args = {
+        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+        /*.top_k =*/ std::min(nth, top_k), // for each block, keep just the top_k indices
+    };
+
+    if (npr > 1) {
+        args.ne0 = (npr - 1)*args.top_k + std::min(ne00 - (npr - 1)*nth, args.top_k);
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, npr*ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    auto pipeline_merge = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_top_k_merge(lib, op);
+
+    int len = args.top_k;
+
+    while (len < args.ne0) {
+        ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+        // merges per row
+        const int nm = (args.ne0 + 2*len - 1) / (2*len);
+
+        const int nth = std::min(512, std::min(len, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline_merge)));
+
+        ggml_metal_kargs_argsort_merge args_merge = {
+            /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+            /*.ne0   =*/ args.ne0,
+            /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+            /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+            /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+            /*.top_k =*/ nm == 1 ? top_k : args.ne0, // the final merge outputs top_k elements
+            /*.len   =*/ len,
+        };
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline_merge);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args_merge, sizeof(args_merge), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_src0, 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_dst,  2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, bid_tmp,  3);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, nm*ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+        std::swap(bid_dst, bid_tmp);
+
+        len <<= 1;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_tri(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    ggml_metal_kargs_tri args = {
+        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
+        /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
+        /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
+        /*.ne03  =*/ ne03,
+        /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
+        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
+        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
+        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
+        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
+        /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
+        /*.ne2   =*/ ne2,
+        /*.ne3   =*/ ne3,
+        /*.nb0   =*/ nb0,
+        /*.nb1   =*/ nb1,
+        /*.nb2   =*/ nb2,
+        /*.nb3   =*/ nb3,
+    };
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_tri(lib, op);
+
+    int nth = 32; // SIMD width
+
+    while (nth < ne00 && nth < ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline)) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    nth = std::min(nth, ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+    nth = std::min(nth, ne00);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op),         2);
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_opt_step_adamw(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_opt_step_adamw(lib, op);
+
+    const int64_t np = ggml_nelements(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_kargs_opt_step_adamw args = {
+        /*.np =*/ np,
+    };
+
+    int ida = 0;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[3]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[4]), ida++);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne0);
+    const int64_t n = (np + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, n, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_opt_step_sgd(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS( int32_t, ne,  op,         ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb,  op,         nb);
+
+    auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_opt_step_sgd(lib, op);
+
+    const int64_t np = ggml_nelements(op->src[0]);
+    ggml_metal_kargs_opt_step_sgd args = {
+        /*.np =*/ np,
+    };
+
+    int ida = 0;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes   (enc, &args, sizeof(args), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), ida++);
+    ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer  (enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[2]), ida++);
+
+    const int nth = std::min(ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline), ne0);
+    const int64_t n = (np + nth - 1) / nth;
+
+    ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, n, 1, 1, nth, 1, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int ggml_metal_op_count_equal(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * op = ctx->node(idx);
+
+    ggml_metal_library_t lib = ctx->lib;
+    ggml_metal_encoder_t enc = ctx->enc;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int32_t,  ne0, op->src[0], ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb0, op->src[0], nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(uint64_t, nb1, op->src[1], nb);
+
+    {
+        ggml_metal_kargs_memset args = { /*.val =*/ 0 };
+
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_memset(lib, op);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op), 1);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_op_concurrency_reset(ctx);
+
+    {
+        ggml_metal_kargs_count_equal args = {
+            /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
+            /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
+            /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
+            /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
+            /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
+            /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
+            /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
+            /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
+            /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
+            /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
+            /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
+            /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
+        };
+
+        auto pipeline = ggml_metal_library_get_pipeline_count_equal(lib, op);
+
+        const size_t smem = pipeline.smem;
+
+        const int nth = 32*pipeline.nsg;
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nth <= ggml_metal_pipeline_max_theads_per_threadgroup(pipeline));
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_pipeline(enc, pipeline);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_bytes(enc, &args, sizeof(args), 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[0]), 1);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op->src[1]), 2);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_buffer(enc, ggml_metal_get_buffer_id(op), 3);
+
+        ggml_metal_encoder_set_threadgroup_memory_size(enc, smem, 0);
+        ggml_metal_encoder_dispatch_threadgroups(enc, ne01, ne02, ne03, nth, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-ops.h b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-ops.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..019f2fec9ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-ops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-metal-device.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct ggml_metal_op * ggml_metal_op_t;
+
+ggml_metal_op_t ggml_metal_op_init(
+        ggml_metal_device_t dev,
+        ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf,
+        struct ggml_cgraph * gf,
+        int  idx_start,
+        int  idx_end,
+        bool use_fusion,
+        bool use_concurrency,
+        bool use_capture,
+        int  debug_graph,
+        int  debug_fusion);
+
+void ggml_metal_op_free(ggml_metal_op_t ctx);
+
+int ggml_metal_op_n_nodes(ggml_metal_op_t ctx);
+
+int ggml_metal_op_encode(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+
+//
+// available ops:
+//
+
+// tokens per expert
+size_t ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id_extra_tpe(const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+
+// id map [n_tokens, n_expert]
+size_t ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id_extra_ids(const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+
+// return true if we should use the FA vector kernel for this op
+bool ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_use_vec(const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+
+size_t ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_pad(const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+size_t ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_blk(const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+size_t ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_tmp(const struct ggml_tensor * op);
+
+int ggml_metal_op_concat            (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_repeat            (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_acc               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_unary             (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_glu               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_sum               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_sum_rows          (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_cumsum            (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_get_rows          (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_set_rows          (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_diag              (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_soft_max          (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_ssm_conv          (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_ssm_scan          (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_rwkv              (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_gated_delta_net   (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_solve_tri         (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_set               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_cpy               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_pool_1d           (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_pool_2d           (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_mul_mat           (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id        (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_add_id            (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext    (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_bin               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_l2_norm           (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_group_norm        (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_norm              (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_rope              (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_im2col            (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_conv_2d           (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_conv_transpose_1d (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_conv_transpose_2d (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_upscale           (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_pad               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_pad_reflect_1d    (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_arange            (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_timestep_embedding(ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_argmax            (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_argsort           (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_top_k             (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_tri               (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_opt_step_adamw    (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_opt_step_sgd      (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+int ggml_metal_op_count_equal       (ggml_metal_op_t ctx, int idx);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9382ce53b36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+#include "ggml-metal.h"
+
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#include "ggml-metal-device.h"
+#include "ggml-metal-context.h"
+#include "ggml-metal-ops.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+
+#define GGML_METAL_NAME "MTL"
+#define GGML_METAL_MAX_DEVICES 16
+
+// number of Metal devices
+// note: can be overridden with GGML_METAL_DEVICES env to simulate virtual devices
+static int g_devices = 1;
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// backend interface
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// shared buffer
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_free(ctx);
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    return ggml_metal_buffer_get_base(ctx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_memset_tensor(ctx, tensor, value, offset, size);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_set_tensor(ctx, tensor, data, offset, size);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_get_tensor(ctx, tensor, data, offset, size);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_clear(ctx, value);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_i = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_memset_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
+};
+
+// private buffer
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_free(ctx);
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    return ggml_metal_buffer_get_base(ctx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_memset_tensor(ctx, tensor, value, offset, size);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_set_tensor(ctx, tensor, data, offset, size);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_get_tensor(ctx, tensor, data, offset, size);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t ctx = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buffer->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_clear(ctx, value);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_i = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_memset_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
+};
+
+static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_metal(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    return buffer->iface.free_buffer == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_free_buffer ||
+           buffer->iface.free_buffer == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_free_buffer;
+}
+
+//
+// buffer types
+//
+
+struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type {
+    int device;
+    std::string name;
+};
+
+struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_deleter {
+    void operator()(ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type * ctx) const {
+        delete ctx;
+    }
+};
+
+typedef std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type, ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_deleter> ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_ptr;
+
+// common method for allocating shread or private Metal buffers
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size, bool shared) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)buft->device->context;
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t res = ggml_metal_buffer_init(ctx_dev, size, shared);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_i buf_i = ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(res)
+        ? ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_i
+        : ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_i;
+
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, buf_i, res, size);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    size_t res = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+
+    // some operations require additional memory for fleeting data:
+    switch (tensor->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            {
+                res += ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id_extra_tpe(tensor);
+                res += ggml_metal_op_mul_mat_id_extra_ids(tensor);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            {
+                res += ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_pad(tensor);
+                res += ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_blk(tensor);
+                res += ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_tmp(tensor);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            {
+                res *= 2;
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            {
+                res = 2*sizeof(int32_t)*ggml_nelements(tensor->src[0]);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+// default (shared) buffer type
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type * ctx = (ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type *)buft->context;
+
+    return ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+    return ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(buft, size, true);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return 32;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)buft->device->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev)->max_buffer_size;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(buft, tensor);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return false;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared(int device) {
+    static std::mutex mutex;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type> bufts;
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_ptr> ctxs;
+
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    if (!initialized) {
+        bufts.reserve(g_devices);
+        ctxs.reserve(g_devices);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < g_devices; ++i) {
+            ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type * raw_ctx =
+                new ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type {
+                    /* .device = */ i,
+                    /* .name   = */ GGML_METAL_NAME + std::to_string(i),
+                };
+            ctxs.emplace_back(raw_ctx);
+
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type buft = {
+                /* .iface = */ {
+                    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_name,
+                    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_alloc_buffer,
+                    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_alignment,
+                    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_max_size,
+                    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_alloc_size,
+                    /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_is_host,
+                },
+                /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_metal_reg(), i),
+                /* .context = */ raw_ctx,
+            };
+
+            bufts.emplace_back(buft);
+        }
+
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    return &bufts[device];
+}
+
+// default (private) buffer type
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type * ctx = (ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type *)buft->context;
+
+    return ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+    return ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(buft, size, false);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return 32;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)buft->device->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev)->max_buffer_size;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(buft, tensor);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return false;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private(int device) {
+    static std::mutex mutex;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type> bufts;
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_ptr> ctxs;
+
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    if (!initialized) {
+        bufts.reserve(g_devices);
+        ctxs.reserve(g_devices);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < g_devices; ++i) {
+            ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type * raw_ctx = new ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type{
+                /* .device = */ i,
+                /* .name   = */ GGML_METAL_NAME + std::to_string(i) + "_Private"
+            };
+            ctxs.emplace_back(raw_ctx);
+
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type buft = {
+                /* .iface = */ {
+                    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_name,
+                    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_alloc_buffer,
+                    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_alignment,
+                    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_max_size,
+                    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_alloc_size,
+                    /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_is_host,
+                },
+                /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_metal_reg(), i),
+                /* .context = */ raw_ctx,
+            };
+
+            bufts.emplace_back(buft);
+        }
+
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    return &bufts[device];
+}
+
+// mapped buffer type
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type * ctx = (ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type *)buft->context;
+
+    return ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+    // for mapped buffers, prefer shared memory
+    return ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(buft, size, true);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return 32;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)buft->device->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev)->max_buffer_size;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(buft, tensor);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return false;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped(int device) {
+    static std::mutex mutex;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type> bufts;
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_ptr> ctxs;
+
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    if (!initialized) {
+        bufts.reserve(g_devices);
+        ctxs.reserve(g_devices);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < g_devices; ++i) {
+            ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type * raw_ctx = new ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type{
+                /* .device = */ i,
+                /* .name   = */ GGML_METAL_NAME + std::to_string(i) + "_Mapped"
+            };
+            ctxs.emplace_back(raw_ctx);
+
+            // note: not obvious, but this buffer type still needs to implement .alloc_buffer:
+            //       https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15832#discussion_r2333177099
+            ggml_backend_buffer_type buft = {
+                /* .iface = */ {
+                    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_name,
+                    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_alloc_buffer,
+                    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_alignment,
+                    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_max_size,
+                    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_alloc_size,
+                    /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_is_host,
+                },
+                /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_metal_reg(), i),
+                /* .context = */ raw_ctx,
+            };
+
+            bufts.emplace_back(buft);
+        }
+
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    return &bufts[device];
+}
+
+// backend
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_metal_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_get_name(ctx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    // wait for any ongoing async operations to finish
+    ggml_metal_synchronize(ctx);
+
+    ggml_metal_free(ctx);
+
+    free(backend);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_synchronize(ctx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_set_tensor_async(ctx, tensor, data, offset, size);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_get_tensor_async(ctx, tensor, data, offset, size);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend_src, ggml_backend_t backend_dst, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    if (!ggml_backend_is_metal(backend_src) || !ggml_backend_is_metal(backend_dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_backend_buffer_is_metal(src->buffer) || !ggml_backend_buffer_is_metal(dst->buffer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ggml_metal_t ctx_src = (ggml_metal_t)backend_src->context;
+    ggml_metal_t ctx_dst = (ggml_metal_t)backend_dst->context;
+
+    //ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_src = src->view_src ? src->view_src->buffer : src->buffer;
+    //ggml_backend_buffer_t buf_dst = dst->view_src ? dst->view_src->buffer : dst->buffer;
+
+    //ggml_metal_buffer_t buf_ctx_src = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buf_src->context;
+    //ggml_metal_buffer_t buf_ctx_dst = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)buf_dst->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_cpy_tensor_async(ctx_src, ctx_dst, src, dst);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_metal_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_graph_compute(ctx, cgraph);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_event_record(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+    ggml_metal_event_t ev = (ggml_metal_event_t)event->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_event_record(ctx, ev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+    ggml_metal_event_t ev = (ggml_metal_event_t)event->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_event_wait(ctx, ev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_graph_optimize(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_graph_optimize(ctx, cgraph);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_set_n_cb(ggml_backend_t backend, int n_cb) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
+
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_set_n_cb(ctx, n_cb);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_metal_i = {
+    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_metal_name,
+    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_metal_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ ggml_backend_metal_set_tensor_async,
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ ggml_backend_metal_get_tensor_async,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ ggml_backend_metal_cpy_tensor_async, // only needed for multi-GPU setups
+    /* .synchronize             = */ ggml_backend_metal_synchronize,
+    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_metal_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record            = */ ggml_backend_metal_event_record,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ ggml_backend_metal_event_wait,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ ggml_backend_metal_graph_optimize,
+};
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_metal_guid(void) {
+    static ggml_guid guid = { 0x81, 0xa1, 0x8b, 0x1e, 0x71, 0xec, 0x79, 0xed, 0x2b, 0x85, 0xdc, 0x8a, 0x61, 0x98, 0x30, 0xe6 };
+    return &guid;
+}
+
+ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_metal_init(void) {
+    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_metal_reg(), 0);
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = ggml_metal_init(ctx_dev);
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_t backend = (ggml_backend_t) malloc(sizeof(ggml_backend));
+
+    *backend = {
+        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_metal_guid(),
+        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_metal_i,
+        /* .device    = */ dev,
+        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+    };
+
+    ggml_backend_metal_set_n_cb(backend, 1);
+
+    return backend;
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_is_metal(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_metal_guid());
+}
+
+void ggml_backend_metal_set_abort_callback(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * user_data) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
+
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_set_abort_callback(ctx, abort_callback, user_data);
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_metal_supports_family(ggml_backend_t backend, int family) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
+
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_supports_family(ctx, family);
+}
+
+void ggml_backend_metal_capture_next_compute(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
+
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = (ggml_metal_t)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_capture_next_compute(ctx);
+}
+
+// backend device
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_metal_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    const ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev);
+
+    return props_dev->name;
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_metal_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev)->desc;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_device_get_memory(ctx_dev, free, total);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_metal_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name        = ggml_backend_metal_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_metal_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type        = ggml_backend_metal_device_get_type(dev);
+
+    ggml_backend_metal_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+
+    props->caps = {
+        /* .async                = */ true,
+        /* .host_buffer          = */ false,
+        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ true,
+        /* .events               = */ true,
+    };
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_metal_device_init_backend(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_t ctx = ggml_metal_init(ctx_dev);
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_t backend = (ggml_backend_t) malloc(sizeof(ggml_backend));
+
+    *backend = {
+        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_metal_guid(),
+        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_metal_i,
+        /* .device    = */ dev,
+        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+    };
+
+    ggml_backend_metal_set_n_cb(backend, 1);
+
+    return backend;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    const ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev);
+
+    return props_dev->use_shared_buffers ? ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared(props_dev->device) : ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private(props_dev->device);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_device_buffer_mapped(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t res = ggml_metal_buffer_map(ctx_dev, ptr, size, max_tensor_size);
+
+    const ggml_metal_device_props * props_dev = ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev);
+
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped(props_dev->device), ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_i, res, size);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    return ggml_metal_device_supports_op(ctx_dev, op);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return
+        buft->device == dev && (
+        buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_shared_get_name ||
+        buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_private_get_name ||
+        buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_mapped_get_name);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static int64_t get_op_batch_size(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            return op->ne[1];
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            return op->ne[2];
+        default:
+            return ggml_nrows(op);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    return (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT ||
+            op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) &&
+            get_op_batch_size(op) >= ggml_metal_device_get_props(ctx_dev)->op_offload_min_batch_size;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_metal_device_event_new(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_event_t event = ggml_metal_device_event_init(ctx_dev);
+    GGML_ASSERT(event);
+
+    ggml_backend_event_t ev = new ggml_backend_event {
+        /* .device  = */ dev,
+        /* .context = */ event,
+    };
+
+    return ev;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_device_event_free(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_event_t ev = (ggml_metal_event_t)event->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_device_event_free(ctx_dev, ev);
+
+    delete event;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_device_event_synchronize(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    ggml_metal_device_t ctx_dev = (ggml_metal_device_t)dev->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_event_t evt = (ggml_metal_event_t)event->context;
+
+    ggml_metal_device_event_synchronize(ctx_dev, evt);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_metal_device_i = {
+    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_init_backend,
+    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_buffer_mapped,
+    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op           = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_offload_op,
+    /* .event_new            = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_event_new,
+    /* .event_free           = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_event_free,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_event_synchronize,
+};
+
+// backend registry
+
+struct ggml_backend_metal_reg {
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
+};
+
+typedef struct ggml_backend_metal_reg * ggml_backend_metal_reg_t;
+
+static ggml_backend_metal_reg_t ggml_backend_metal_reg_init(void) {
+    ggml_backend_metal_reg_t ctx = new struct ggml_backend_metal_reg;
+
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_reg_free(ggml_backend_metal_reg_t ctx) {
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+struct ggml_backend_metal_reg_deleter {
+    void operator()(ggml_backend_metal_reg_t ctx) {
+        ggml_backend_metal_reg_free(ctx);
+    }
+};
+
+typedef std::unique_ptr<struct ggml_backend_metal_reg, ggml_backend_metal_reg_deleter> ggml_backend_metal_reg_ptr;
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_metal_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return GGML_METAL_NAME;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    ggml_backend_metal_reg_t ctx = (ggml_backend_metal_reg_t)reg->context;
+    return ctx->devices.size();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    ggml_backend_metal_reg_t ctx = (ggml_backend_metal_reg_t)reg->context;
+    GGML_ASSERT(index < ctx->devices.size());
+    return ctx->devices[index];
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_feature g_ggml_backend_metal_features[] = {
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY)
+    { "EMBED_LIBRARY", "1" },
+#endif
+    { NULL, NULL },
+};
+
+static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_metal_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return g_ggml_backend_metal_features;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_metal_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
+    if (strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_get_features") == 0) {
+        return (void *)ggml_backend_metal_get_features;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_metal_reg_i = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_count,
+    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_get,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ ggml_backend_metal_get_proc_address,
+};
+
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_metal_device_init(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, int device) {
+    return new ggml_backend_device {
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_i,
+        /* .reg     = */ reg,
+        /* .context = */ ggml_metal_device_get(device),
+    };
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_metal_device_free(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    delete dev;
+}
+
+struct ggml_backend_device_deleter {
+    void operator()(ggml_backend_dev_t ctx) {
+        ggml_backend_metal_device_free(ctx);
+    }
+};
+
+typedef std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_device, ggml_backend_device_deleter> ggml_backend_device_ptr;
+
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_metal_reg(void) {
+    static ggml_backend_reg reg;
+    static bool initialized = false;
+
+    {
+        static std::mutex mutex;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+        const char * env = getenv("GGML_METAL_DEVICES");
+        if (env) {
+            g_devices = atoi(env);
+        }
+
+        static std::vector<ggml_backend_device_ptr> devs;
+
+        if (!initialized) {
+            static ggml_backend_metal_reg_ptr reg_ctx(ggml_backend_metal_reg_init());
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < g_devices; ++i) {
+                auto * dev = ggml_backend_metal_device_init(&reg, i);
+                devs.emplace_back(dev);
+
+                reg_ctx->devices.push_back(dev);
+            }
+
+            reg = {
+                /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+                /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_i,
+                /* .context     = */ reg_ctx.get(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    return &reg;
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_metal_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e7f373cb43..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6023 +0,0 @@
-#import "ggml-metal.h"
-
-#import "ggml-impl.h"
-#import "ggml-backend-impl.h"
-#import "ggml-metal-impl.h"
-
-#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
-
-#import <Metal/Metal.h>
-
-#undef MIN
-#undef MAX
-#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
-#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
-
-// max memory buffers that can be mapped to the device
-#define GGML_METAL_MAX_BUFFERS 64
-
-// max number of MTLCommandBuffer used to submit a graph for processing
-#define GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS 8
-
-#ifndef TARGET_OS_VISION
-#define TARGET_OS_VISION 0
-#endif
-
-// create residency sets only on macOS >= 15.0
-#if !TARGET_CPU_X86_64 && TARGET_OS_OSX && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 150000 || \
-    TARGET_OS_IOS && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 180000 || \
-    TARGET_OS_TV && __TV_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 180000 || \
-    TARGET_OS_VISION && __VISION_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 200000
-#define GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS 1
-#endif
-
-// globals
-
-// overload of MTLGPUFamilyMetal3 (not available in some environments)
-static const NSInteger MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML = 5001;
-
-// initialized in ggml_backend_metal_reg
-static struct ggml_backend_reg    g_ggml_backend_metal_reg;
-static struct ggml_backend_device g_ggml_backend_metal_device;
-
-// information about a Metal device
-// note: assumes single GPU device - the default one
-// TODO: support multiple GPU devices
-static struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context {
-    id<MTLDevice>  mtl_device;
-    int            mtl_device_ref_count;
-    id<MTLLibrary> mtl_library;
-
-    bool has_simdgroup_reduction;
-    bool has_simdgroup_mm;
-    bool has_residency_sets;
-    bool has_bfloat;
-    bool use_bfloat;
-
-    char name[128];
-} g_ggml_ctx_dev_main = {
-    /*.mtl_device              =*/ nil,
-    /*.mtl_device_ref_count    =*/ 0,
-    /*.mtl_library             =*/ nil,
-    /*.has_simdgroup_reduction =*/ false,
-    /*.has_simdgroup_mm        =*/ false,
-    /*.has_residency_sets      =*/ false,
-    /*.has_bfloat              =*/ false,
-    /*.use_bfloat              =*/ false,
-    /*.name                    =*/ "",
-};
-
-// acquire
-static id<MTLDevice> ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx) {
-    assert(ctx != NULL);
-
-    if (ctx->mtl_device == nil) {
-        ctx->mtl_device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->mtl_device) {
-        ctx->has_simdgroup_reduction  = [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7];
-        ctx->has_simdgroup_reduction |= [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML];
-
-        ctx->has_simdgroup_mm = [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7];
-
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
-        ctx->has_residency_sets = getenv("GGML_METAL_NO_RESIDENCY") == NULL;
-#endif
-
-        ctx->has_bfloat  = [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML];
-        ctx->has_bfloat |= [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple6];
-
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-        ctx->use_bfloat = ctx->has_bfloat;
-#else
-        ctx->use_bfloat = false;
-#endif
-
-        strncpy(ctx->name, [[ctx->mtl_device name] UTF8String], sizeof(ctx->name) - 1);
-    }
-
-    ctx->mtl_device_ref_count++;
-
-    return ctx->mtl_device;
-}
-
-// release
-static void ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx) {
-    assert(ctx != NULL);
-    assert(ctx->mtl_device_ref_count > 0);
-
-    ctx->mtl_device_ref_count--;
-
-    if (ctx->mtl_device_ref_count == 0) {
-        if (ctx->mtl_library) {
-            [ctx->mtl_library release];
-            ctx->mtl_library = nil;
-        }
-
-        if (ctx->mtl_device) {
-            [ctx->mtl_device release];
-            ctx->mtl_device = nil;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// kernels
-
-struct ggml_metal_kernel {
-    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline;
-};
-
-enum ggml_metal_kernel_type {
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ADD,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ADD_ROW,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUB,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUB_ROW,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_ROW,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIV,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIV_ROW,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_I32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_I16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SCALE,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SCALE_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CLAMP,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_TANH,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RELU,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SIGMOID,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_ERF,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_ERF_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_QUICK,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_QUICK_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SILU,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SILU_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ELU,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F16_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F32_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIAG_MASK_INF,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIAG_MASK_INF_8,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_BF16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_0,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_1,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_0,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_1,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q8_0,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q2_K,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q3_K,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_K,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_K,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q6_K,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_XXS,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_XS,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ3_XXS,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ3_S,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_S,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ1_S,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ1_M,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ4_NL,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ4_XS,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_I32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RMS_NORM,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_L2_NORM,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GROUP_NORM,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_NORM,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SSM_CONV_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SSM_SCAN_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RWKV_WKV6_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RWKV_WKV7_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F32_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32_1ROW,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32_L4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32_1ROW,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32_L4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_BF16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q8_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_2,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_3,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_4,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_5,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q2_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q3_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q6_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_XXS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_XS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ3_XXS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ3_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ1_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ1_M_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ4_NL_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ4_XS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F32_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F32,
-  //GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F32_1ROW,
-  //GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F32_L4,
-  //GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_BF16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q8_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q2_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q3_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q6_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_XXS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_XS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ3_XXS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ3_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ1_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ1_M_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ4_NL_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ4_XS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_F32_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_F16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_BF16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q8_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q2_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q3_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q6_K_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_XXS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_XS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ3_XXS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ3_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ1_S_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ1_M_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ4_NL_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ4_XS_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_MAP0_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_MAP1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_F32_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_F16_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_BF16_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_0_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_1_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_0_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_1_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q8_0_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q2_K_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q3_K_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_K_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_K_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q6_K_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_XXS_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_XS_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ3_XXS_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ3_S_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_S_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ1_S_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ1_M_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ4_NL_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ4_XS_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NORM_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NORM_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_MULTI_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_MULTI_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_VISION_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_VISION_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NEOX_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NEOX_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_EXT_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_EXT_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D_F32_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D_F16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_UPSCALE_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_PAD_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_PAD_REFLECT_1D_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARANGE_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGSORT_F32_I32_ASC,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGSORT_F32_I32_DESC,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_LEAKY_RELU_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H80,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H112,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H80,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H112,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H80,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H112,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H80,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H112,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H80,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H112,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H80,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H112,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H80,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H112,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H64,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H96,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H192,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_HK192_HV128,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H256,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_HK576_HV512,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SET_I32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SET_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_BF16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F16_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_BF16_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_BF16_BF16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q8_0,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q4_0,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q4_1,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q5_0,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q5_1,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_IQ4_NL,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_0_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_1_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_0_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_1_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_1_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q8_0_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q8_0_F16,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONCAT,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SQR,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SQRT,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SIN,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_COS,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_NEG,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUM_ROWS,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MEAN,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_POOL_2D_AVG_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_POOL_2D_MAX_F32,
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGMAX,
-
-    GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_COUNT
-};
-
-//
-// ggml_metal_heap
-//
-
-struct ggml_metal_heap {
-    // number of times the heap was unused
-    int n_unused;
-
-    // total number of buffer allocations in this heap across all computes
-    int64_t n_alloc;
-
-    // current offset in the heap - we reset this after each node in order to reuse the memory
-    size_t offs;
-
-    // the currently allocated MTLBuffer objects in this heap
-    id<MTLHeap> obj;
-
-    NSMutableArray * bufs;
-};
-
-static struct ggml_metal_heap * ggml_metal_heap_init(id<MTLDevice> device, size_t size) {
-    struct ggml_metal_heap * heap = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_heap));
-
-    MTLHeapDescriptor * desc = [[MTLHeapDescriptor alloc] init];
-    desc.storageMode  = MTLStorageModePrivate;
-    desc.cpuCacheMode = MTLCPUCacheModeDefaultCache;
-    desc.type         = MTLHeapTypePlacement;
-    desc.size         = size;
-
-    heap->n_unused = 0;
-    heap->n_alloc = 0;
-
-    heap->obj = [device newHeapWithDescriptor:desc];
-    if (!heap->obj) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create MTLHeap with size %zu\n", __func__, size);
-
-        free(heap);
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    [desc release];
-
-    heap->bufs = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
-
-    return heap;
-}
-
-static void ggml_metal_heap_reset(struct ggml_metal_heap * heap) {
-    heap->offs = 0;
-
-    // count how many graph computes the heap ended up being unused
-    if ([heap->bufs count] > 0) {
-        heap->n_unused = 0;
-    } else {
-        heap->n_unused++;
-    }
-
-    for (id<MTLBuffer> buf in heap->bufs) {
-        [buf release];
-    }
-    [heap->bufs removeAllObjects];
-
-    // tell the OS that it can reuse this memory if needed
-    // ref: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/metal/mtlpurgeablestate?language=objc
-    [heap->obj setPurgeableState:MTLPurgeableStateVolatile];
-}
-
-static void ggml_metal_heap_free(struct ggml_metal_heap * heap) {
-    if (heap == nil) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ggml_metal_heap_reset(heap);
-
-    [heap->obj  release];
-    [heap->bufs release];
-
-    free(heap);
-}
-
-@interface ggml_metal_heap_ptr : NSObject
-
-@property (nonatomic, assign) struct ggml_metal_heap * data;
-
-@end
-
-@implementation ggml_metal_heap_ptr
-@end
-
-//
-// ggml_metal_mem_pool
-//
-
-struct ggml_metal_mem_pool {
-    id<MTLDevice> device;
-
-    int n_heaps; // total number of heaps ever created (including those that were removed)
-
-    NSMutableArray * heaps;
-    NSMutableArray * heaps_to_remove;
-};
-
-static struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * ggml_metal_mem_pool_init(void) {
-    struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_mem_pool));
-
-    mem_pool->n_heaps = 0;
-
-    mem_pool->heaps           = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
-    mem_pool->heaps_to_remove = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
-
-    return mem_pool;
-}
-
-static void ggml_metal_mem_pool_free(struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool) {
-    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: freeing memory pool, num heaps = %zu (total = %d)\n", __func__, [mem_pool->heaps count], mem_pool->n_heaps);
-
-    size_t size_all = 0;
-    size_t size_cur = 0;
-
-    for (ggml_metal_heap_ptr * ptr in mem_pool->heaps) {
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   heap: %p\n",                __func__, (void *) ptr.data);
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:     n_alloc:  %" PRId64 "\n", __func__, ptr.data->n_alloc);
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:     n_unused: %d\n",          __func__, ptr.data->n_unused);
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:     size:     %.2f MiB\n",    __func__, [ptr.data->obj size] / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:     bufs:     %zu\n",         __func__, [ptr.data->bufs count]);
-
-        if ([ptr.data->bufs count] > 0) {
-            size_cur += [ptr.data->obj size];
-        }
-        size_all += [ptr.data->obj size];
-
-        ggml_metal_heap_free(ptr.data);
-        [ptr release];
-    }
-    [mem_pool->heaps           release];
-    [mem_pool->heaps_to_remove release];
-
-    if (size_all > 0) {
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   size_all: %.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_all / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s:   size_cur: %.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_cur / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-    }
-
-    free(mem_pool);
-}
-
-static void ggml_metal_mem_pool_reset(struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool) {
-    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < [mem_pool->heaps count]; i++) {
-        ggml_metal_heap_ptr * ptr = [mem_pool->heaps objectAtIndex:i];
-
-        struct ggml_metal_heap * heap = ptr.data;
-        ggml_metal_heap_reset(heap);
-
-        // if the heap hasn't been used for a while, remove it
-        if (heap->n_unused >= 128) {
-            [mem_pool->heaps_to_remove addObject:@(i)];
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (mem_pool->heaps_to_remove.count > 0) {
-        // remove in reverse order
-        for (NSUInteger i = [mem_pool->heaps_to_remove count] - 1; ; --i) {
-            NSUInteger index = [[mem_pool->heaps_to_remove objectAtIndex:i] intValue];
-            ggml_metal_heap_ptr * ptr = [mem_pool->heaps objectAtIndex:index];
-
-            struct ggml_metal_heap * heap = ptr.data;
-            ggml_metal_heap_free(heap);
-
-            [mem_pool->heaps removeObjectAtIndex:index];
-            [ptr release];
-
-            if (i == 0) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        [mem_pool->heaps_to_remove removeAllObjects];
-    }
-}
-
-static void ggml_metal_mem_pool_clear(struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool) {
-    for (ggml_metal_heap_ptr * ptr in mem_pool->heaps) {
-        ptr.data->offs = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-static id<MTLBuffer> ggml_metal_mem_pool_alloc(struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool, size_t size) {
-    const size_t alignment = 256;
-
-    const size_t size_aligned = GGML_PAD(size, alignment);
-
-    // try one of the existing heaps
-    for (ggml_metal_heap_ptr * ptr in mem_pool->heaps) {
-        struct ggml_metal_heap * heap = ptr.data;
-        if (heap->offs + size_aligned <= [heap->obj size]) {
-            // if this is the first buffer in the heap for the current command buffer, tell the OS that
-            //   it cannot free the memory used by the heap
-            // ref: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/metal/mtlpurgeablestate?language=objc
-            if ([heap->bufs count] == 0) {
-                [heap->obj setPurgeableState:MTLPurgeableStateNonVolatile];
-            }
-
-            id<MTLBuffer> buf = [heap->obj newBufferWithLength:size_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModePrivate offset:heap->offs];
-            if (buf == nil) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create MTLBuffer with size %zu\n", __func__, size_aligned);
-                return nil;
-            }
-
-            heap->n_alloc++;
-            heap->offs += size_aligned;
-
-            [heap->bufs addObject:buf];
-
-            return buf;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // create a new heap that can fit this buffer
-    ggml_metal_heap_ptr * heap_ptr = [ggml_metal_heap_ptr new];
-
-    struct ggml_metal_heap * heap = ggml_metal_heap_init(mem_pool->device, size_aligned);
-    if (heap == NULL) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create heap of size %zu\n", __func__, size_aligned);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    //GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: creating new heap of size %zu, got %zu\n", __func__, size_aligned, [heap->obj size]);
-
-    heap_ptr.data = heap;
-    ggml_metal_heap_reset(heap);
-
-    [heap->obj setPurgeableState:MTLPurgeableStateNonVolatile];
-    id<MTLBuffer> buf = [heap->obj newBufferWithLength:size_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModePrivate offset:heap->offs];
-    if (buf == nil) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create MTLBuffer with size %zu\n", __func__, size_aligned);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    heap->n_alloc++;
-    heap->offs += size_aligned;
-
-    [heap->bufs addObject:buf];
-
-    [mem_pool->heaps addObject:heap_ptr];
-    mem_pool->n_heaps++;
-
-    return buf;
-}
-
-struct ggml_metal_command_buffer {
-    id<MTLCommandBuffer> obj;
-
-    // each command buffer has a memory pool from which it can allocate temporary buffers during the compute
-    struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool;
-};
-
-struct ggml_backend_metal_context {
-    id<MTLDevice>       device;
-    id<MTLCommandQueue> queue;
-
-    dispatch_queue_t d_queue;
-
-    struct ggml_metal_kernel kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_COUNT];
-
-    // capture state
-    bool capture_next_compute;
-    bool capture_started;
-
-    id<MTLCaptureScope> capture_scope;
-
-    // command buffer state
-    int n_cb;           // number of extra threads used to submit the command buffers
-    int n_nodes_0;      // number of nodes submitted by the main thread
-    int n_nodes_1;      // remaining number of nodes submitted by the n_cb threads
-    int n_nodes_per_cb;
-
-    struct ggml_cgraph * gf;
-
-    // the callback given to the thread pool
-    void (^encode_async)(size_t ith);
-
-    // n_cb command buffers + 1 used by the main thread
-    struct ggml_metal_command_buffer cmd_bufs[GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS + 1];
-
-    // abort ggml_metal_graph_compute if callback returns true
-    ggml_abort_callback abort_callback;
-    void *              abort_callback_data;
-};
-
-// MSL code
-// TODO: move the contents here when ready
-//       for now it is easier to work in a separate file
-// static NSString * const msl_library_source = @"see metal.metal";
-
-#if !GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
-// Here to assist with NSBundle Path Hack
-@interface GGMLMetalClass : NSObject
-@end
-@implementation GGMLMetalClass
-@end
-#endif
-
-static void * ggml_metal_host_malloc(size_t n) {
-    void * data = NULL;
-
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX
-    kern_return_t err = vm_allocate((vm_map_t) mach_task_self(), (void *) &data, n, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE);
-    if (err != KERN_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: vm_allocate failed\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-#else
-    const int result = posix_memalign((void **) &data, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE), n);
-    if (result != 0) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: posix_memalign failed\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-// load library
-//
-// - first check if the library is embedded
-// - then check if the library is in the bundle
-// - if not found, load the source and compile it
-// - if that fails, return NULL
-static id<MTLLibrary> ggml_metal_load_library(id<MTLDevice> device, bool use_bfloat) {
-    id<MTLLibrary> metal_library = nil;
-    NSError * error = nil;
-    NSString * src = nil;
-
-#if GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: using embedded metal library\n", __func__);
-
-    extern const char ggml_metallib_start[];
-    extern const char ggml_metallib_end[];
-
-    src = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:ggml_metallib_start length:(ggml_metallib_end-ggml_metallib_start) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
-
-#else
-
-#ifdef SWIFT_PACKAGE
-    NSBundle * bundle = SWIFTPM_MODULE_BUNDLE;
-#else
-    NSBundle * bundle = [NSBundle bundleForClass:[GGMLMetalClass class]];
-#endif
-
-    NSString * path_lib = [bundle pathForResource:@"default" ofType:@"metallib"];
-    if (path_lib == nil) {
-        // Try to find the resource in the directory where the current binary located.
-        NSString * current_binary = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] arguments][0];
-        NSString * bin_dir = [current_binary stringByDeletingLastPathComponent];
-        NSString * default_metallib_path = [NSString pathWithComponents:@[bin_dir, @"default.metallib"]];
-        if ([[NSFileManager defaultManager] isReadableFileAtPath:default_metallib_path]) {
-            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found '%s'\n", __func__, [default_metallib_path UTF8String]);
-            NSDictionary * atts = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfItemAtPath:default_metallib_path error:&error];
-            if (atts && atts[NSFileType] == NSFileTypeSymbolicLink) {
-                // Optionally, if this is a symlink, try to resolve it.
-                default_metallib_path = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] destinationOfSymbolicLinkAtPath:default_metallib_path error:&error];
-                if (default_metallib_path && [default_metallib_path length] > 0 && ![[default_metallib_path substringToIndex:1] isEqualToString:@"/"]) {
-                    // It is a relative path, adding the binary directory as directory prefix.
-                    default_metallib_path = [NSString pathWithComponents:@[bin_dir, default_metallib_path]];
-                }
-                if (!default_metallib_path || ![[NSFileManager defaultManager] isReadableFileAtPath:default_metallib_path]) {
-                    // Link to the resource could not be resolved.
-                    default_metallib_path = nil;
-                } else {
-                    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: symlink resolved '%s'\n", __func__, [default_metallib_path UTF8String]);
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // The resource couldn't be found in the binary's directory.
-            default_metallib_path = nil;
-        }
-        path_lib = default_metallib_path;
-    }
-
-    if (path_lib != nil) {
-        // pre-compiled library found
-        NSURL * libURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path_lib];
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: loading '%s'\n", __func__, [path_lib UTF8String]);
-
-        metal_library = [device newLibraryWithURL:libURL error:&error];
-        if (error) {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    } else {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: default.metallib not found, loading from source\n", __func__);
-
-        NSString * path_source;
-        NSString * path_resource = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo].environment objectForKey:@"GGML_METAL_PATH_RESOURCES"];
-
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GGML_METAL_PATH_RESOURCES = %s\n", __func__, path_resource ? [path_resource UTF8String] : "nil");
-
-        if (path_resource) {
-            path_source = [path_resource stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"ggml-metal.metal"];
-        } else {
-            path_source = [bundle pathForResource:@"ggml-metal" ofType:@"metal"];
-        }
-
-        if (path_source == nil) {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: error: could not use bundle path to find ggml-metal.metal, falling back to trying cwd\n", __func__);
-            path_source = @"ggml-metal.metal";
-        }
-
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: loading '%s'\n", __func__, [path_source UTF8String]);
-
-        src = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path_source encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
-        if (error) {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-
-    if (!metal_library) {
-        @autoreleasepool {
-            // dictionary of preprocessor macros
-            NSMutableDictionary * prep = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
-
-            if (use_bfloat) {
-                [prep setObject:@"1" forKey:@"GGML_METAL_USE_BF16"];
-            }
-
-#if GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
-            [prep setObject:@"1" forKey:@"GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY"];
-#endif
-
-            MTLCompileOptions * options = [MTLCompileOptions new];
-            options.preprocessorMacros = prep;
-
-            //[options setFastMathEnabled:false];
-
-            metal_library = [device newLibraryWithSource:src options:options error:&error];
-            if (error) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-
-#if !__has_feature(objc_arc)
-            [options release];
-#endif
-        }
-    }
-
-#if GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
-    [src release];
-#endif // GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY
-
-    return metal_library;
-}
-
-static struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ggml_metal_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: allocating\n", __func__);
-
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX && !GGML_METAL_NDEBUG
-    // Show all the Metal device instances in the system
-    NSArray * devices = MTLCopyAllDevices();
-    for (id<MTLDevice> device in devices) {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found device: %s\n", __func__, [[device name] UTF8String]);
-    }
-    [devices release]; // since it was created by a *Copy* C method
-#endif
-
-    // init context
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_backend_metal_context));
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = dev->context;
-
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
-
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: picking default device: %s\n", __func__, [[device name] UTF8String]);
-
-    ctx->device = device;
-    ctx->queue = [device newCommandQueue];
-    if (ctx->queue == nil) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create command queue\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    ctx->d_queue = dispatch_queue_create("ggml-metal", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
-
-    // load library
-    if (ctx_dev->mtl_library == nil) {
-        ctx_dev->mtl_library = ggml_metal_load_library(device, ctx_dev->use_bfloat);
-    }
-    id<MTLLibrary> metal_library = ctx_dev->mtl_library;
-    if (metal_library == nil) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: metal library is nil\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    // print MTL GPU family:
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU name:   %s\n", __func__, [[device name] UTF8String]);
-
-    // determine max supported GPU family
-    // https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf
-    // https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Feature-Set-Tables.pdf
-    {
-        for (int i = MTLGPUFamilyApple1 + 20; i >= MTLGPUFamilyApple1; --i) {
-            if ([device supportsFamily:i]) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU family: MTLGPUFamilyApple%d  (%d)\n", __func__, i - (int) MTLGPUFamilyApple1 + 1, i);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (int i = MTLGPUFamilyCommon1 + 5; i >= MTLGPUFamilyCommon1; --i) {
-            if ([device supportsFamily:i]) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU family: MTLGPUFamilyCommon%d (%d)\n", __func__, i - (int) MTLGPUFamilyCommon1 + 1, i);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (int i = MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML + 5; i >= MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML; --i) {
-            if ([device supportsFamily:i]) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU family: MTLGPUFamilyMetal%d  (%d)\n", __func__, i - (int) MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML + 3, i);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: simdgroup reduction   = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_reduction     ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: simdgroup matrix mul. = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_mm            ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: has residency sets    = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_residency_sets          ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: has bfloat            = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_bfloat                  ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: use bfloat            = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->use_bfloat                  ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: hasUnifiedMemory      = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->mtl_device.hasUnifiedMemory ? "true" : "false");
-
-    ctx->capture_next_compute = false;
-    ctx->capture_started = false;
-    ctx->capture_scope = nil;
-
-    ctx->gf = nil;
-    ctx->encode_async = nil;
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-        ctx->cmd_bufs[i].obj = nil;
-
-        ctx->cmd_bufs[i].mem_pool = ggml_metal_mem_pool_init();
-        ctx->cmd_bufs[i].mem_pool->device = device;
-    }
-
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX || (TARGET_OS_IOS && __clang_major__ >= 15)
-    if (@available(macOS 10.12, iOS 16.0, *)) {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize  = %8.2f MB\n", __func__, device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize / 1e6);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    // load kernels
-    {
-        NSError * error = nil;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_COUNT; ++i) {
-            ctx->kernels[i].pipeline = nil;
-        }
-
-#define GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(e, name, supported) \
-        if (supported) { \
-            struct ggml_metal_kernel * kernel = &ctx->kernels[e]; \
-            id<MTLFunction> metal_function = [metal_library newFunctionWithName:@"kernel_"#name]; \
-            kernel->pipeline = [device newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:metal_function error:&error]; \
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: loaded %-40s %16p | th_max = %4d | th_width = %4d\n", __func__, "kernel_"#name, (void *) kernel->pipeline, \
-                    (int) kernel->pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, \
-                    (int) kernel->pipeline.threadExecutionWidth); \
-            [metal_function release]; \
-            if (error) { \
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: load pipeline error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]); \
-                return NULL; \
-            } \
-        } else { \
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: skipping %-40s (not supported)\n", __func__, "kernel_"#name); \
-        }
-
-        const bool has_simdgroup_mm        = ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_mm;
-        const bool has_simdgroup_reduction = ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_reduction;
-        const bool use_bfloat              = ctx_dev->use_bfloat;
-
-        // simd_sum and simd_max requires MTLGPUFamilyApple7
-
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ADD,                             add,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ADD_ROW,                         add_row,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUB,                             sub,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUB_ROW,                         sub_row,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL,                             mul,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_ROW,                         mul_row,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIV,                             div,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIV_ROW,                         div_row,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_F32,                      repeat_f32,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_F16,                      repeat_f16,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_I32,                      repeat_i32,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_I16,                      repeat_i16,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SCALE,                           scale,                           true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SCALE_4,                         scale_4,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CLAMP,                           clamp,                           true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_TANH,                            tanh,                            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RELU,                            relu,                            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SIGMOID,                         sigmoid,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU,                            gelu,                            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_4,                          gelu_4,                          true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_ERF,                        gelu_erf,                        true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_ERF_4,                      gelu_erf_4,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_QUICK,                      gelu_quick,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_QUICK_4,                    gelu_quick_4,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SILU,                            silu,                            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SILU_4,                          silu_4,                          true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ELU,                             elu,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F16,                    soft_max_f16,                    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F16_4,                  soft_max_f16_4,                  has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F32,                    soft_max_f32,                    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F32_4,                  soft_max_f32_4,                  has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIAG_MASK_INF,                   diag_mask_inf,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIAG_MASK_INF_8,                 diag_mask_inf_8,                 true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_F32,                    get_rows_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_F16,                    get_rows_f16,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_BF16,                   get_rows_bf16,                   use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_0,                   get_rows_q4_0,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_1,                   get_rows_q4_1,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_0,                   get_rows_q5_0,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_1,                   get_rows_q5_1,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q8_0,                   get_rows_q8_0,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q2_K,                   get_rows_q2_K,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q3_K,                   get_rows_q3_K,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_K,                   get_rows_q4_K,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_K,                   get_rows_q5_K,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q6_K,                   get_rows_q6_K,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_XXS,                get_rows_iq2_xxs,                true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_XS,                 get_rows_iq2_xs,                 true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ3_XXS,                get_rows_iq3_xxs,                true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ3_S,                  get_rows_iq3_s,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_S,                  get_rows_iq2_s,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ1_S,                  get_rows_iq1_s,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ1_M,                  get_rows_iq1_m,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ4_NL,                 get_rows_iq4_nl,                 true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ4_XS,                 get_rows_iq4_xs,                 true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_I32,                    get_rows_i32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RMS_NORM,                        rms_norm,                        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_L2_NORM,                         l2_norm,                         has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GROUP_NORM,                      group_norm,                      has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_NORM,                            norm,                            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SSM_CONV_F32,                    ssm_conv_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SSM_SCAN_F32,                    ssm_scan_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RWKV_WKV6_F32,                   rwkv_wkv6_f32,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RWKV_WKV7_F32,                   rwkv_wkv7_f32,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F32_F32,                  mul_mv_f32_f32,                  has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32,                 mul_mv_bf16_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32_1ROW,            mul_mv_bf16_f32_1row,            has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32_L4,              mul_mv_bf16_f32_l4,              has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_BF16,                mul_mv_bf16_bf16,                has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32,                  mul_mv_f16_f32,                  has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32_1ROW,             mul_mv_f16_f32_1row,             has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32_L4,               mul_mv_f16_f32_l4,               has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F16,                  mul_mv_f16_f16,                  has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_0_F32,                 mul_mv_q4_0_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_1_F32,                 mul_mv_q4_1_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_0_F32,                 mul_mv_q5_0_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_1_F32,                 mul_mv_q5_1_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q8_0_F32,                 mul_mv_q8_0_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_2,         mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_2,         has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_3,         mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_3,         has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_4,         mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_4,         has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_5,         mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_5,         has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q4_0_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q4_0_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q4_0_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q4_0_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q4_1_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q4_1_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q4_1_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q4_1_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q5_0_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q5_0_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q5_0_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q5_0_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q5_1_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q5_1_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q5_1_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q5_1_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q8_0_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q8_0_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q8_0_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q8_0_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q4_K_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q4_K_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q4_K_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q4_K_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q5_K_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q5_K_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q5_K_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q5_K_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_2,        mul_mv_ext_q6_K_f32_r1_2,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_3,        mul_mv_ext_q6_K_f32_r1_3,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_4,        mul_mv_ext_q6_K_f32_r1_4,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_5,        mul_mv_ext_q6_K_f32_r1_5,        has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_2,      mul_mv_ext_iq4_nl_f32_r1_2,      has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_3,      mul_mv_ext_iq4_nl_f32_r1_3,      has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_4,      mul_mv_ext_iq4_nl_f32_r1_4,      has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_5,      mul_mv_ext_iq4_nl_f32_r1_5,      has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q2_K_F32,                 mul_mv_q2_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q3_K_F32,                 mul_mv_q3_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_K_F32,                 mul_mv_q4_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_K_F32,                 mul_mv_q5_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q6_K_F32,                 mul_mv_q6_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_XXS_F32,              mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_XS_F32,               mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32,               has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ3_XXS_F32,              mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ3_S_F32,                mul_mv_iq3_s_f32,                has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_S_F32,                mul_mv_iq2_s_f32,                has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ1_S_F32,                mul_mv_iq1_s_f32,                has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ1_M_F32,                mul_mv_iq1_m_f32,                has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ4_NL_F32,               mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32,               has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ4_XS_F32,               mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32,               has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F32_F32,               mul_mv_id_f32_f32,               has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F32,               mul_mv_id_f16_f32,               has_simdgroup_reduction);
-      //GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F32_1ROW,          mul_mv_id_f16_f32_1row,          has_simdgroup_reduction);
-      //GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F32_L4,            mul_mv_id_f16_f32_l4,            has_simdgroup_reduction);
-      //GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F16,               mul_mv_id_f16_f16,               has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_BF16_F32,              mul_mv_id_bf16_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_0_F32,              mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_1_F32,              mul_mv_id_q4_1_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_0_F32,              mul_mv_id_q5_0_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_1_F32,              mul_mv_id_q5_1_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q8_0_F32,              mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q2_K_F32,              mul_mv_id_q2_K_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q3_K_F32,              mul_mv_id_q3_K_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_K_F32,              mul_mv_id_q4_K_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_K_F32,              mul_mv_id_q5_K_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q6_K_F32,              mul_mv_id_q6_K_f32,              has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_XXS_F32,           mul_mv_id_iq2_xxs_f32,           has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_XS_F32,            mul_mv_id_iq2_xs_f32,            has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ3_XXS_F32,           mul_mv_id_iq3_xxs_f32,           has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ3_S_F32,             mul_mv_id_iq3_s_f32,             has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_S_F32,             mul_mv_id_iq2_s_f32,             has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ1_S_F32,             mul_mv_id_iq1_s_f32,             has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ1_M_F32,             mul_mv_id_iq1_m_f32,             has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ4_NL_F32,            mul_mv_id_iq4_nl_f32,            has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ4_XS_F32,            mul_mv_id_iq4_xs_f32,            has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_F32_F32,                  mul_mm_f32_f32,                  has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_F16_F32,                  mul_mm_f16_f32,                  has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_BF16_F32,                 mul_mm_bf16_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_0_F32,                 mul_mm_q4_0_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_1_F32,                 mul_mm_q4_1_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_0_F32,                 mul_mm_q5_0_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_1_F32,                 mul_mm_q5_1_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q8_0_F32,                 mul_mm_q8_0_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q2_K_F32,                 mul_mm_q2_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q3_K_F32,                 mul_mm_q3_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_K_F32,                 mul_mm_q4_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_K_F32,                 mul_mm_q5_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q6_K_F32,                 mul_mm_q6_K_f32,                 has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_XXS_F32,              mul_mm_iq2_xxs_f32,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_XS_F32,               mul_mm_iq2_xs_f32,               has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ3_XXS_F32,              mul_mm_iq3_xxs_f32,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ3_S_F32,                mul_mm_iq3_s_f32,                has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_S_F32,                mul_mm_iq2_s_f32,                has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ1_S_F32,                mul_mm_iq1_s_f32,                has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ1_M_F32,                mul_mm_iq1_m_f32,                has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ4_NL_F32,               mul_mm_iq4_nl_f32,               has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ4_XS_F32,               mul_mm_iq4_xs_f32,               has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_MAP0_F16,              mul_mm_id_map0_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_MAP1_F32,              mul_mm_id_map1_f32,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_F32_F16,               mul_mm_id_f32_f16,               has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_F16_F16,               mul_mm_id_f16_f16,               has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_BF16_F16,              mul_mm_id_bf16_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_0_F16,              mul_mm_id_q4_0_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_1_F16,              mul_mm_id_q4_1_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_0_F16,              mul_mm_id_q5_0_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_1_F16,              mul_mm_id_q5_1_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q8_0_F16,              mul_mm_id_q8_0_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q2_K_F16,              mul_mm_id_q2_K_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q3_K_F16,              mul_mm_id_q3_K_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_K_F16,              mul_mm_id_q4_K_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_K_F16,              mul_mm_id_q5_K_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q6_K_F16,              mul_mm_id_q6_K_f16,              has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_XXS_F16,           mul_mm_id_iq2_xxs_f16,           has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_XS_F16,            mul_mm_id_iq2_xs_f16,            has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ3_XXS_F16,           mul_mm_id_iq3_xxs_f16,           has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ3_S_F16,             mul_mm_id_iq3_s_f16,             has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_S_F16,             mul_mm_id_iq2_s_f16,             has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ1_S_F16,             mul_mm_id_iq1_s_f16,             has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ1_M_F16,             mul_mm_id_iq1_m_f16,             has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ4_NL_F16,            mul_mm_id_iq4_nl_f16,            has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ4_XS_F16,            mul_mm_id_iq4_xs_f16,            has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NORM_F32,                   rope_norm_f32,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NORM_F16,                   rope_norm_f16,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_MULTI_F32,                  rope_multi_f32,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_MULTI_F16,                  rope_multi_f16,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_VISION_F32,                 rope_vision_f32,                 true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_VISION_F16,                 rope_vision_f16,                 true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NEOX_F32,                   rope_neox_f32,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NEOX_F16,                   rope_neox_f16,                   true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_F16,                      im2col_f16,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_F32,                      im2col_f32,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_EXT_F16,                  im2col_ext_f16,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_EXT_F32,                  im2col_ext_f32,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D_F32_F32,       conv_transpose_1d_f32_f32,       true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D_F16_F32,       conv_transpose_1d_f16_f32,       true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_UPSCALE_F32,                     upscale_f32,                     true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_PAD_F32,                         pad_f32,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_PAD_REFLECT_1D_F32,              pad_reflect_1d_f32,              true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING_F32,          timestep_embedding_f32,          true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARANGE_F32,                      arange_f32,                      true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGSORT_F32_I32_ASC,             argsort_f32_i32_asc,             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGSORT_F32_I32_DESC,            argsort_f32_i32_desc,            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_LEAKY_RELU_F32,                  leaky_relu_f32,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H64,          flash_attn_ext_f16_h64,          has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H80,          flash_attn_ext_f16_h80,          has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H96,          flash_attn_ext_f16_h96,          has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H112,         flash_attn_ext_f16_h112,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H128,         flash_attn_ext_f16_h128,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H192,         flash_attn_ext_f16_h192,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_HK192_HV128,  flash_attn_ext_f16_hk192_hv128,  has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H256,         flash_attn_ext_f16_h256,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_HK576_HV512,  flash_attn_ext_f16_hk576_hv512,  has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H64,         flash_attn_ext_bf16_h64,         has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H80,         flash_attn_ext_bf16_h80,         has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H96,         flash_attn_ext_bf16_h96,         has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H112,        flash_attn_ext_bf16_h112,        has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H128,        flash_attn_ext_bf16_h128,        has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H192,        flash_attn_ext_bf16_h192,        has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_HK192_HV128, flash_attn_ext_bf16_hk192_hv128, has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H256,        flash_attn_ext_bf16_h256,        has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_HK576_HV512, flash_attn_ext_bf16_hk576_hv512, has_simdgroup_mm && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H64,         flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h64,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H80,         flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h80,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H96,         flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h96,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H112,        flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h112,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H128,        flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h128,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H192,        flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h192,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_HK192_HV128, flash_attn_ext_q4_0_hk192_hv128, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H256,        flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h256,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_HK576_HV512, flash_attn_ext_q4_0_hk576_hv512, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H64,         flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h64,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H80,         flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h80,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H96,         flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h96,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H112,        flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h112,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H128,        flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h128,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H192,        flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h192,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_HK192_HV128, flash_attn_ext_q4_1_hk192_hv128, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H256,        flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h256,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_HK576_HV512, flash_attn_ext_q4_1_hk576_hv512, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H64,         flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h64,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H80,         flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h80,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H96,         flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h96,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H112,        flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h112,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H128,        flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h128,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H192,        flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h192,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_HK192_HV128, flash_attn_ext_q5_0_hk192_hv128, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H256,        flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h256,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_HK576_HV512, flash_attn_ext_q5_0_hk576_hv512, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H64,         flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h64,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H80,         flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h80,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H96,         flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h96,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H112,        flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h112,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H128,        flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h128,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H192,        flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h192,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_HK192_HV128, flash_attn_ext_q5_1_hk192_hv128, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H256,        flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h256,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_HK576_HV512, flash_attn_ext_q5_1_hk576_hv512, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H64,         flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h64,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H80,         flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h80,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H96,         flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h96,         has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H112,        flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h112,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H128,        flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h128,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H192,        flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h192,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_HK192_HV128, flash_attn_ext_q8_0_hk192_hv128, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H256,        flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h256,        has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_HK576_HV512, flash_attn_ext_q8_0_hk576_hv512, has_simdgroup_mm);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H64,      flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h64,      has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H64,     flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h64,     has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H64,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h64,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H64,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h64,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H64,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h64,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H64,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h64,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H64,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h64,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H96,      flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h96,      has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H96,     flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h96,     has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H96,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h96,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H96,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h96,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H96,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h96,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H96,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h96,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H96,     flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h96,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H128,     flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h128,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h128,    has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H192,     flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h192,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H192,    flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h192,    has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H192,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h192,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H192,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h192,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H192,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h192,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H192,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h192,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H192,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h192,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_HK192_HV128,     flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_hk192_hv128,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_HK192_HV128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_hk192_hv128,    has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_HK192_HV128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_hk192_hv128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_HK192_HV128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_hk192_hv128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_HK192_HV128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_hk192_hv128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_HK192_HV128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_hk192_hv128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_HK192_HV128,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_hk192_hv128,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H256,     flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h256,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H256,    flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h256,    has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H256,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h256,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H256,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h256,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H256,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h256,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H256,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h256,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H256,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h256,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_HK576_HV512,     flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_hk576_hv512,     has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_HK576_HV512,    flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_hk576_hv512,    has_simdgroup_reduction && use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_HK576_HV512,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_hk576_hv512,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_HK576_HV512,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_hk576_hv512,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_HK576_HV512,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_hk576_hv512,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_HK576_HV512,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_hk576_hv512,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_HK576_HV512,    flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_hk576_hv512,    has_simdgroup_reduction);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SET_F32,                         set_f32,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SET_I32,                         set_i32,                         true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F32,                     cpy_f32_f32,                     true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F16,                     cpy_f32_f16,                     true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_BF16,                    cpy_f32_bf16,                    use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F16_F32,                     cpy_f16_f32,                     true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F16_F16,                     cpy_f16_f16,                     true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_BF16_F32,                    cpy_bf16_f32,                    use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_BF16_BF16,                   cpy_bf16_bf16,                   use_bfloat);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q8_0,                    cpy_f32_q8_0,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q4_0,                    cpy_f32_q4_0,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q4_1,                    cpy_f32_q4_1,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q5_0,                    cpy_f32_q5_0,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q5_1,                    cpy_f32_q5_1,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_IQ4_NL,                  cpy_f32_iq4_nl,                  true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_0_F32,                    cpy_q4_0_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_0_F16,                    cpy_q4_0_f16,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_1_F32,                    cpy_q4_1_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_1_F16,                    cpy_q4_1_f16,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_0_F32,                    cpy_q5_0_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_0_F16,                    cpy_q5_0_f16,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_1_F32,                    cpy_q5_1_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_1_F16,                    cpy_q5_1_f16,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q8_0_F32,                    cpy_q8_0_f32,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q8_0_F16,                    cpy_q8_0_f16,                    true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONCAT,                          concat,                          true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SQR,                             sqr,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SQRT,                            sqrt,                            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SIN,                             sin,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_COS,                             cos,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_NEG,                             neg,                             true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUM_ROWS,                        sum_rows,                        true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MEAN,                            mean,                            true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGMAX,                          argmax,                          true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_POOL_2D_AVG_F32,                 pool_2d_avg_f32,                 true);
-        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_POOL_2D_MAX_F32,                 pool_2d_max_f32,                 true);
-    }
-
-    return ctx;
-}
-
-static void ggml_metal_free(struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ctx) {
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: deallocating\n", __func__);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_COUNT; ++i) {
-        [ctx->kernels[i].pipeline release];
-    }
-
-    Block_release(ctx->encode_async);
-
-    [ctx->queue release];
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-        // ctx->cmd_bufs[i].obj is auto released
-
-        ggml_metal_mem_pool_free(ctx->cmd_bufs[i].mem_pool);
-    }
-
-    dispatch_release(ctx->d_queue);
-
-    free(ctx);
-}
-
-// temporarily defined here for compatibility between ggml-backend and the old API
-
-struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer {
-    void   * data;
-    size_t   size;
-
-    id<MTLBuffer> metal;
-};
-
-struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context {
-    void * all_data;
-    size_t all_size;
-    bool owned;
-
-    // multiple buffers are used only to avoid the maximum buffer size limitation when using mmap
-    int n_buffers;
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer buffers[GGML_METAL_MAX_BUFFERS];
-
-    // optional MTLResidencySet
-    id rset;
-};
-
-// rset init
-static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(
-        struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx,
-        struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev,
-        id<MTLDevice> device) {
-    ctx->rset = nil;
-
-    if (!ctx_dev->has_residency_sets) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
-    if (@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)) {
-        MTLResidencySetDescriptor * desc = [[MTLResidencySetDescriptor alloc] init];
-        desc.label = @"ggml_backend_metal";
-        desc.initialCapacity = ctx->n_buffers;
-
-        NSError * error;
-        ctx->rset = [device newResidencySetWithDescriptor:desc error:&error];
-        if (error) {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
-            [desc release];
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        [desc release];
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
-            [ctx->rset addAllocation:ctx->buffers[i].metal];
-        }
-
-        [ctx->rset commit];
-        [ctx->rset requestResidency];
-
-        return true;
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(ctx_dev);
-    GGML_UNUSED(device);
-#endif
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-// rset free
-static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_free(struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx) {
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
-    if (@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)) {
-        if (ctx->rset) {
-            [ctx->rset endResidency];
-            [ctx->rset removeAllAllocations];
-            [ctx->rset release];
-        }
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
-#endif
-}
-
-// finds the Metal buffer that contains the tensor data on the GPU device
-// the assumption is that there is 1-to-1 mapping between the host and device memory buffers, so we can find the
-// Metal buffer based on the host memory pointer
-//
-static id<MTLBuffer> ggml_metal_get_buffer(struct ggml_tensor * t, size_t * offs) {
-    //GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: data tensor '%16s', offs_data = %8ld, offs_eval = %8ld, offs_cach = %8ld\n", __func__, t->name, offs_data, offs_eval, offs_cach);
-
-    const int64_t tsize = ggml_nbytes(t);
-
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = t->view_src ? t->view_src->buffer : t->buffer;
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
-
-    // find the view that contains the tensor fully
-    for (int i = 0; i < buf_ctx->n_buffers; ++i) {
-        const int64_t ioffs = (int64_t) t->data - (int64_t) buf_ctx->buffers[i].data;
-
-        //GGML_LOG_INFO("ioffs = %10ld, tsize = %10ld, sum = %10ld, buf_ctx->buffers[%d].size = %10ld\n", ioffs, tsize, ioffs + tsize, i, buf_ctx->buffers[i].size);
-        if (ioffs >= 0 && ioffs + tsize <= (int64_t) buf_ctx->buffers[i].size) {
-            *offs = (size_t) ioffs;
-
-            //GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: tensor '%16s', offs = %8ld\n", __func__, t->name, *offs);
-
-            return buf_ctx->buffers[i].metal;
-        }
-    }
-
-    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: tensor '%s' buffer is nil\n", __func__, t->name);
-
-    return nil;
-}
-
-static bool ggml_metal_supports_op(const struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    const bool has_simdgroup_mm        = ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_mm;
-    const bool has_simdgroup_reduction = ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_reduction;
-    const bool use_bfloat              = ctx_dev->use_bfloat;
-
-    if (!use_bfloat) {
-        for (size_t i = 0, n = 3; i < n; ++i) {
-            if (op->src[i] != NULL && op->src[i]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    switch (op->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-        case GGML_OP_NONE:
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_ADD:
-        case GGML_OP_SUB:
-        case GGML_OP_MUL:
-        case GGML_OP_DIV:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_ACC:
-        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_SQR:
-        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
-        case GGML_OP_SIN:
-        case GGML_OP_COS:
-            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_LOG:
-            return false; // TODO: implement
-        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
-        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-        case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-            return has_simdgroup_reduction && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
-        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
-            return has_simdgroup_reduction && (op->ne[0] % 4 == 0 && ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]));
-        case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_NORM:
-            return has_simdgroup_reduction && (op->ne[0] % 4 == 0 && ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]));
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
-        case GGML_OP_POOL_1D:
-            return false;
-        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->op_params[0] == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST;
-        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
-        case GGML_OP_PAD:
-        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
-        case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
-        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 32) {
-                // head size == 32 (e.g. bert-bge-small)
-                // TODO: not sure if it is worth adding kernels for this size
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 576) {
-                // DeepSeek sizes
-                // TODO: disabled for now, until optmized
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[1]->type != op->src[2]->type) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            return has_simdgroup_mm; // TODO: over-restricted for vec-kernels
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
-        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
-        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
-            return has_simdgroup_reduction &&
-                (op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-        case GGML_OP_CPY:
-        case GGML_OP_DUP:
-        case GGML_OP_CONT:
-            {
-                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                        switch (op->type) {
-                           case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-                           case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
-                                return true;
-                           default:
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                        switch (op->type) {
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                                return true;
-                            default:
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-                        switch (op->type) {
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                            case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-                                return true;
-                            default:
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                        switch (op->type) {
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                                return true;
-                            default:
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                    default:
-                        return false;
-                };
-            }
-        case GGML_OP_SET:
-            {
-                switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
-                        return true;
-                    default:
-                        return false;
-                };
-            }
-        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-            {
-                return op->ne[3] == 1;
-            }
-        default:
-            return false;
-    }
-}
-
-static bool ggml_metal_encode_node(
-                        ggml_backend_t   backend,
-                                   int   idx,
-          id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder>   encoder,
-            struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context        * ctx     = backend->context;
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = backend->device->context;
-
-    struct ggml_cgraph * gf = ctx->gf;
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * node = ggml_graph_node(gf, idx);
-
-    //GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: encoding node %3d, op = %8s\n", __func__, idx, ggml_op_name(node->op));
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * src0 = node->src[0];
-    struct ggml_tensor * src1 = node->src[1];
-    struct ggml_tensor * src2 = node->src[2];
-    struct ggml_tensor * dst  = node;
-
-    if (ggml_is_empty(dst)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    switch (dst->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_NONE:
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-            {
-                // noop -> next node
-            } return true;
-        default:
-            {
-            } break;
-    }
-
-    if (!ggml_metal_supports_op(ctx_dev, dst)) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: unsupported op '%s'\n", __func__, ggml_op_desc(dst));
-        GGML_ABORT("unsupported op");
-    }
-
-    ggml_metal_mem_pool_clear(mem_pool);
-
-    const int64_t  ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
-
-    const uint64_t nb00 = src0 ? src0->nb[0] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
-
-    const int64_t  ne10 = src1 ? src1->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne11 = src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 0;
-
-    const uint64_t nb10 = src1 ? src1->nb[0] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 0;
-
-    const int64_t  ne20 = src2 ? src2->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne21 = src2 ? src2->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne22 = src2 ? src2->ne[2] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(ne22);
-    const int64_t  ne23 = src2 ? src2->ne[3] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(ne23);
-
-    const uint64_t nb20 = src2 ? src2->nb[0] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(nb20);
-    const uint64_t nb21 = src2 ? src2->nb[1] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb22 = src2 ? src2->nb[2] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb23 = src2 ? src2->nb[3] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(nb23);
-
-    const int64_t  ne0  =  dst ?  dst->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne1  =  dst ?  dst->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne2  =  dst ?  dst->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int64_t  ne3  =  dst ?  dst->ne[3] : 0;
-
-    const uint64_t nb0  =  dst ?  dst->nb[0] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb1  =  dst ?  dst->nb[1] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb2  =  dst ?  dst->nb[2] : 0;
-    const uint64_t nb3  =  dst ?  dst->nb[3] : 0;
-
-    const enum ggml_type src0t = src0 ? src0->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
-    const enum ggml_type src1t = src1 ? src1->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
-    const enum ggml_type dstt  = dst  ? dst->type  : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
-
-    size_t offs_src0 = 0;
-    size_t offs_src1 = 0;
-    size_t offs_src2 = 0;
-    size_t offs_dst  = 0;
-
-    id<MTLBuffer> id_src0 = src0 ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(src0, &offs_src0) : nil;
-    id<MTLBuffer> id_src1 = src1 ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(src1, &offs_src1) : nil;
-    id<MTLBuffer> id_src2 = src2 ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(src2, &offs_src2) : nil;
-    id<MTLBuffer> id_dst  = dst  ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst,  &offs_dst)  : nil;
-
-#if 0
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: op - %s\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(dst->op));
-    if (src0) {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: src0 - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], %d, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(src0t), ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                ggml_is_contiguous(src0), src0->name);
-    }
-    if (src1) {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: src1 - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], %d, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(src1t), ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-                ggml_is_contiguous(src1), src1->name);
-    }
-    if (dst) {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: dst  - %4s [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld] [%5lld, %5lld, %5lld, %5lld], 1, %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(dstt), ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3,
-                dst->name);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ctx_dev->mtl_device;
-
-    switch (dst->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-            {
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONCAT].pipeline;
-
-                const int32_t dim = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_concat args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                    /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
-                    /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
-                    /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
-                    /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                    /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                    /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
-                    /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
-                    /*.dim  =*/ dim,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:3];
-
-                const int nth = MIN(1024, ne0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne1, ne2, ne3) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_ADD:
-        case GGML_OP_SUB:
-        case GGML_OP_MUL:
-        case GGML_OP_DIV:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                const size_t offs = 0;
-
-                bool bcast_row = false;
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
-                    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                    // src1 is a row
-                    GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
-
-                    switch (dst->op) {
-                        case GGML_OP_ADD: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ADD_ROW].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_OP_SUB: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUB_ROW].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_OP_MUL: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_ROW].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_OP_DIV: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIV_ROW].pipeline; break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    }
-
-                    bcast_row = true;
-                } else {
-                    switch (dst->op) {
-                        case GGML_OP_ADD: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ADD].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_OP_SUB: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUB].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_OP_MUL: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_OP_DIV: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIV].pipeline; break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_bin args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                    /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
-                    /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
-                    /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
-                    /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                    /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                    /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
-                    /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
-                    /*.offs =*/ offs,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:3];
-
-                if (bcast_row) {
-                    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } else {
-                    const int nth = MIN((int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, ne0);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-            {
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline;
-
-                switch (src0t) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_F32].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_F16].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_I32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_I32].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_I16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_REPEAT_I16].pipeline; break;
-                    default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_repeat args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-
-                const int nth = MIN((int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, ne0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne1, ne2, ne3) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_ACC:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(dstt  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
-
-                const size_t pnb1 = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-                const size_t pnb2 = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
-                const size_t pnb3 = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
-                const size_t offs = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
-
-                const bool inplace = (bool) ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
-
-                if (!inplace) {
-                    // run a separete kernel to cpy src->dst
-                    // not sure how to avoid this
-                    // TODO: make a simpler cpy_bytes kernel
-
-                    const id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F32].pipeline;
-
-                    ggml_metal_kargs_cpy args = {
-                        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                        /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                        /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                        /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
-                        /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                        /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
-                        /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
-                    };
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-
-                    const int nth = MIN((int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, ne00);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-                }
-
-                const id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ADD].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_bin args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ pnb1,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ pnb2,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ pnb3,
-                    /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                    /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
-                    /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
-                    /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
-                    /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                    /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                    /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
-                    /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1  =*/ pnb1,
-                    /*.nb2  =*/ pnb2,
-                    /*.nb3  =*/ pnb3,
-                    /*.offs =*/ offs,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:3];
-
-                const int nth = MIN((int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, ne00);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne11, ne12, ne13) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                float scale;
-                memcpy(&scale, dst->op_params, sizeof(scale));
-
-                int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                if (n % 4 == 0) {
-                    n /= 4;
-                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SCALE_4].pipeline;
-                } else {
-                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SCALE].pipeline;
-                }
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0   offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst    offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&scale length:sizeof(scale) atIndex:2];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-            {
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CLAMP].pipeline;
-
-                float min;
-                float max;
-                memcpy(&min, ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 0, sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(&max, ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&min   length:sizeof(min) atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBytes:&max   length:sizeof(max) atIndex:3];
-
-                const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(node)) {
-                // we are not taking into account the strides, so for now require contiguous tensors
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
-                {
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_TANH].pipeline;
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-                {
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RELU].pipeline;
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-                {
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SIGMOID].pipeline;
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-                {
-                    int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    if (n % 4 == 0) {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_4].pipeline;
-                        n /= 4;
-                    } else {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU].pipeline;
-                    }
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
-                {
-                    int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    if (n % 4 == 0) {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_ERF_4].pipeline;
-                        n /= 4;
-                    } else {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_ERF].pipeline;
-                    }
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
-                {
-                    int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    if (n % 4 == 0) {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_QUICK_4].pipeline;
-                        n /= 4;
-                    } else {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GELU_QUICK].pipeline;
-                    }
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-                {
-                    int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    if (n % 4 == 0) {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SILU_4].pipeline;
-                        n /= 4;
-                    } else {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SILU].pipeline;
-                    }
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
-                {
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ELU].pipeline;
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
-                {
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_NEG].pipeline;
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-
-                    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                } break;
-                default:
-                {
-                    GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: node %3d, op = %8s not implemented\n", __func__, idx, ggml_op_name(dst->op));
-                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SQR:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SQR].pipeline;
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst atIndex:1];
-
-                const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SQRT].pipeline;
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst atIndex:1];
-
-                const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SIN:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SIN].pipeline;
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst atIndex:1];
-
-                const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_COS:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_COS].pipeline;
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst atIndex:1];
-
-                const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(src0->type));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                switch (dst->op) {
-                    case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SUM_ROWS].pipeline;
-                        break;
-                    case GGML_OP_MEAN:
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MEAN].pipeline;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
-
-                int nth = 32; // SIMD width
-
-                while (nth < ne00 && nth < (int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup) {
-                    nth *= 2;
-                }
-
-                nth = MIN(nth, ne00);
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_sum_rows args = {
-                   /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                   /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                   /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                   /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                   /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                   /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                   /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                   /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                   /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                   /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
-                   /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
-                   /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
-                   /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                   /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                   /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                   /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
-                   /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                   /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                   /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                   /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
-                   /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                   /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                   /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
-                   /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(float) atIndex:0];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                int nth = 32; // SIMD width
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                const bool use_f16 = (src1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-                if (ne00%4 == 0) {
-                    while (nth < ne00/4 && nth*ne01*ne02*ne03 < 256) {
-                        nth *= 2;
-                    }
-                    if (use_f16) {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F16_4].pipeline;
-                    } else {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F32_4].pipeline;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    while (nth < ne00 && nth*ne01*ne02*ne03 < 256) {
-                        nth *= 2;
-                    }
-                    if (use_f16) {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F16].pipeline;
-                    } else {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SOFT_MAX_F32].pipeline;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                float scale;
-                float max_bias;
-
-                memcpy(&scale,    ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 0, sizeof(scale));
-                memcpy(&max_bias, ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 1, sizeof(max_bias));
-
-                const int64_t nrows_x = ggml_nrows(src0);
-                const int64_t nrows_y = src0->ne[1];
-
-                const uint32_t n_head      = nrows_x/nrows_y;
-                const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
-
-                const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
-                const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
-
-// use this branch to test the ggml_metal_mem_pool functionality
-#if 0
-                // cpy to tmp buffer in MTLHeap
-
-                id<MTLBuffer> h_src0 = h_src0 = ggml_metal_mem_pool_alloc(mem_pool, ggml_nbytes(src0));
-                if (!h_src0) {
-                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate buffer from memory pool, size = %zu\n", __func__, ggml_nbytes(src0));
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                offs_src0 = 0;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_cpy args_cpy = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne0  =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne1  =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne2  =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne3  =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb0  =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb1  =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb2  =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb3  =*/ nb03,
-                };
-
-                if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F16_F16].pipeline];
-                } else {
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F32].pipeline];
-                }
-                [encoder setBytes:&args_cpy length:sizeof(args_cpy) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0  offset:offs_src0        atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:h_src0   offset:0                atIndex:2];
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % ggml_blck_size(src0->type) == 0);
-                int nth_cpy = MIN(1024, ne00 / ggml_blck_size(src0->type));
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth_cpy, 1, 1)];
-
-#else
-                id<MTLBuffer> h_src0 = id_src0;
-#endif
-                // softmax
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_soft_max args = {
-                    /*.ne00        =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01        =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02        =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.scale       =*/ scale,
-                    /*.max_bias    =*/ max_bias,
-                    /*.m0          =*/ m0,
-                    /*.m1          =*/ m1,
-                    /*.n_head_log2 =*/ n_head_log2,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:h_src0 offset:offs_src0      atIndex:0];
-                if (id_src1) {
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:1];
-                } else {
-                    [encoder setBuffer:h_src0 offset:offs_src0  atIndex:1];
-                }
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst offset:offs_dst       atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args   length:sizeof(args)   atIndex:3];
-
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(float) atIndex:0];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01*ne02*ne03, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-            {
-                const int n_past = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                if (ne00%8 == 0) {
-                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIAG_MASK_INF_8].pipeline;
-                } else {
-                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_DIAG_MASK_INF].pipeline;
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_diag_mask_inf args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.n_past =*/ n_past,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args  length:sizeof(args) atIndex:2];
-
-                if (ne00%8 == 0) {
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne00*ne01*ne02/8, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                }
-                else {
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne00, ne01, ne02) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SSM_CONV_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_conv args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                    /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
-                    /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                    /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0    atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1    atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst     atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args    length:sizeof(args) atIndex:3];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01, ne1, ne02) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
-            {
-                struct ggml_tensor * src3 = node->src[3];
-                struct ggml_tensor * src4 = node->src[4];
-                struct ggml_tensor * src5 = node->src[5];
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(src3);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src4);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src5);
-
-                size_t offs_src3 = 0;
-                size_t offs_src4 = 0;
-                size_t offs_src5 = 0;
-
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src3 = src3 ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(src3, &offs_src3) : nil;
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src4 = src4 ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(src4, &offs_src4) : nil;
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src5 = src5 ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(src5, &offs_src5) : nil;
-
-                const int64_t  ne30 = src3->ne[0]; GGML_UNUSED(ne30);
-                const int64_t  ne31 = src3->ne[1]; GGML_UNUSED(ne31);
-
-                const uint64_t nb30 = src3->nb[0];
-                const uint64_t nb31 = src3->nb[1];
-
-                const int64_t  ne40 = src4->ne[0]; GGML_UNUSED(ne40);
-                const int64_t  ne41 = src4->ne[1]; GGML_UNUSED(ne41);
-                const int64_t  ne42 = src4->ne[2]; GGML_UNUSED(ne42);
-
-                const uint64_t nb40 = src4->nb[0];
-                const uint64_t nb41 = src4->nb[1];
-                const uint64_t nb42 = src4->nb[2];
-
-                const int64_t  ne50 = src5->ne[0]; GGML_UNUSED(ne50);
-                const int64_t  ne51 = src5->ne[1]; GGML_UNUSED(ne51);
-                const int64_t  ne52 = src5->ne[2]; GGML_UNUSED(ne52);
-
-                const uint64_t nb50 = src5->nb[0];
-                const uint64_t nb51 = src5->nb[1];
-                const uint64_t nb52 = src5->nb[2];
-
-                const int64_t d_state      = ne00;
-                const int64_t d_inner      = ne01;
-                const int64_t n_seq_tokens = ne11;
-                const int64_t n_seqs       = ne02;
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SSM_SCAN_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_scan args = {
-                    /*.d_state =*/ d_state,
-                    /*.d_inner =*/ d_inner,
-                    /*.n_seq_tokens =*/ n_seq_tokens,
-                    /*.n_seqs =*/ n_seqs,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                    /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                    /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
-                    /*.nb20 =*/ nb20,
-                    /*.nb21 =*/ nb21,
-                    /*.nb22 =*/ nb22,
-                    /*.nb30 =*/ nb30,
-                    /*.nb31 =*/ nb31,
-                    /*.nb40 =*/ nb40,
-                    /*.nb41 =*/ nb41,
-                    /*.nb42 =*/ nb42,
-                    /*.nb50 =*/ nb50,
-                    /*.nb51 =*/ nb51,
-                    /*.nb52 =*/ nb52,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src2 offset:offs_src2 atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src3 offset:offs_src3 atIndex:3];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src4 offset:offs_src4 atIndex:4];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src5 offset:offs_src5 atIndex:5];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:6];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args    length:sizeof(args) atIndex:7];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(d_inner, n_seqs, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
-            {
-                const int64_t B = dst->src[5]->ne[1];
-                const int64_t T = dst->src[0]->ne[2];
-                const int64_t C = dst->ne[0];
-                const int64_t H = dst->src[0]->ne[1];
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[5]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(C % H == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(C / H == 64);
-
-                size_t offs_src3 = 0;
-                size_t offs_src4 = 0;
-                size_t offs_src5 = 0;
-
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src3 = dst->src[3] ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst->src[3], &offs_src3) : nil;
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src4 = dst->src[4] ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst->src[4], &offs_src4) : nil;
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src5 = dst->src[5] ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst->src[5], &offs_src5) : nil;
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RWKV_WKV6_F32].pipeline;
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src2 offset:offs_src2 atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src3 offset:offs_src3 atIndex:3];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src4 offset:offs_src4 atIndex:4];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src5 offset:offs_src5 atIndex:5];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:6];
-
-                [encoder setBytes:&B length:sizeof(B) atIndex:7];
-                [encoder setBytes:&T length:sizeof(T) atIndex:8];
-                [encoder setBytes:&C length:sizeof(C) atIndex:9];
-                [encoder setBytes:&H length:sizeof(H) atIndex:10];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(B * H, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(C/ H, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
-            {
-                const int64_t B = dst->src[6]->ne[1];
-                const int64_t T = dst->src[0]->ne[2];
-                const int64_t C = dst->ne[0];
-                const int64_t H = dst->src[0]->ne[1];
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[6]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(C % H == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(C / H == 64);
-
-                size_t offs_src3 = 0;
-                size_t offs_src4 = 0;
-                size_t offs_src5 = 0;
-                size_t offs_src6 = 0;
-
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src3 = dst->src[3] ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst->src[3], &offs_src3) : nil;
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src4 = dst->src[4] ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst->src[4], &offs_src4) : nil;
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src5 = dst->src[5] ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst->src[5], &offs_src5) : nil;
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src6 = dst->src[6] ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(dst->src[6], &offs_src6) : nil;
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RWKV_WKV7_F32].pipeline;
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src2 offset:offs_src2 atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src3 offset:offs_src3 atIndex:3];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src4 offset:offs_src4 atIndex:4];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src5 offset:offs_src5 atIndex:5];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src6 offset:offs_src6 atIndex:6];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:7];
-
-                [encoder setBytes:&B length:sizeof(B) atIndex:8];
-                [encoder setBytes:&T length:sizeof(T) atIndex:9];
-                [encoder setBytes:&C length:sizeof(C) atIndex:10];
-                [encoder setBytes:&H length:sizeof(H) atIndex:11];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(B * H, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(C/ H, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne13 % ne03 == 0);
-
-                const uint32_t r2 = ne12/ne02;
-                const uint32_t r3 = ne13/ne03;
-
-                // find the break-even point where the matrix-matrix kernel becomes more efficient compared
-                // to the matrix-vector kernel
-                const int ne11_mm_min = 4;
-
-                // first try to use small-batch mat-mv kernels
-                // these should be efficient for BS [2, ~8]
-                if (src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (ne00%256 == 0) &&
-                    (
-                     (
-                      (
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16  || // TODO: helper function
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ||
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ||
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ||
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 ||
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ||
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL ||
-                       false) && (ne11 >= 2 && ne11 <= 8)
-                     ) ||
-                     (
-                      (
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K ||
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K ||
-                       src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K ||
-                       false) && (ne11 >= 4 && ne11 <= 8)
-                     )
-                    )
-                   ) {
-                    // TODO: determine the optimal parameters based on grid utilization
-                    //       I still don't know why we should not always use the maximum available threads:
-                    //
-                    //       nsg = pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup / 32
-                    //
-                    //       my current hypothesis is that the work grid is not evenly divisible for different nsg
-                    //       values and there can be some tail effects when nsg is high. need to confirm this
-                    //
-                    const int nsg    = 2;                 // num simdgroups per threadgroup
-                    const int nxpsg  = ne11 < 3 ? 16 : 8; // num threads along row per simdgroup
-                    const int nypsg  = 32/nxpsg;          // num threads along col per simdgroup (i.e. a simdgroup processes that many src0 rows at a time)
-                    const int r0ptg  = nypsg*nsg;         // num src0 rows per threadgroup
-                          int r1ptg  = 4;                 // num src1 rows per threadgroup
-
-                    // note: not sure how optimal are those across all different hardware. there might be someting cleverer
-                    switch (ne11) {
-                        case 2:
-                            r1ptg = 2; break;
-                        case 3:
-                        case 6:
-                            r1ptg = 3; break;
-                        case 4:
-                        case 7:
-                        case 8:
-                            r1ptg = 4; break;
-                        case 5:
-                            r1ptg = 5; break;
-                    };
-
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_F16_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_0_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_1_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_0_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_1_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q8_0_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q4_K_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q5_K_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_Q6_K_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
-                            switch (r1ptg) {
-                                case 2: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_2].pipeline; break;
-                                case 3: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_3].pipeline; break;
-                                case 4: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_4].pipeline; break;
-                                case 5: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_EXT_IQ4_NL_F32_R1_5].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            } break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                    }
-
-                    ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_ext args = {
-                        /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
-                        /*.ne01  =*/ ne01,
-                        /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
-                        /*.nb00  =*/ nb00,
-                        /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
-                        /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
-                        /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
-                        /*.ne10  =*/ ne10,
-                        /*.ne11  =*/ ne11,
-                        /*.ne12  =*/ ne12,
-                        /*.nb10  =*/ nb10,
-                        /*.nb11  =*/ nb11,
-                        /*.nb12  =*/ nb12,
-                        /*.nb13  =*/ nb13,
-                        /*.ne0   =*/ ne0,
-                        /*.ne1   =*/ ne1,
-                        /*.r2    =*/ r2,
-                        /*.r3    =*/ r3,
-                        /*.nsg   =*/ nsg,
-                        /*.nxpsg =*/ nxpsg,
-                        /*.r1ptg =*/ r1ptg,
-                    };
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:2];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:3];
-
-                    //printf("ne01 = %lld nr0ptg = %d\n", ne01, nr0ptg);
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((ne01 + r0ptg - 1)/r0ptg, (ne11 + r1ptg - 1)/r1ptg, ne12*ne13) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(32, nsg, 1)];
-                } else
-                // for now the matrix-matrix multiplication kernel only works on A14+/M1+ SoCs
-                // AMD GPU and older A-chips will reuse matrix-vector multiplication kernel
-                if ([device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7] &&
-                        !ggml_is_transposed(src0) &&
-                        !ggml_is_transposed(src1) &&
-                        src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
-                        ne00 % 32 == 0 && ne00 >= 64 &&
-                        (ne11 > ne11_mm_min || (ggml_is_quantized(src0t) && ne12 > 1))) {
-                    //printf("matrix: ne00 = %6d, ne01 = %6d, ne02 = %6d, ne11 = %6d, ne12 = %6d\n", ne00, ne01, ne02, ne11, ne12);
-
-                    // some Metal matrix data types require aligned pointers
-                    // ref: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf (Table 2.5)
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 16 == 0); break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
-                        default: break;
-                    }
-
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:     pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_F32_F32    ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:     pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_F16_F32    ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_BF16_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_0_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_1_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_0_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_1_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q8_0_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q2_K_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q3_K_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q4_K_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q5_K_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_Q6_K_F32   ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_XXS_F32].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_XS_F32 ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ3_XXS_F32].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ3_S_F32  ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ2_S_F32  ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ1_S_F32  ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ1_M_F32  ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ4_NL_F32 ].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_IQ4_XS_F32 ].pipeline; break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("MUL MAT-MAT not implemented");
-                    }
-
-                    ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm args = {
-                        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
-                        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
-                        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                        /*.r2   =*/ r2,
-                        /*.r3   =*/ r3,
-                    };
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBytes:&args    length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0    atIndex:1];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1    atIndex:2];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst     atIndex:3];
-
-                    [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:8192 atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((ne11 + 31)/32, (ne01 + 63)/64, ne12*ne13) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(128, 1, 1)];
-                } else {
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    int nsg = 0; // number of simdgroups
-                    int nr0 = 0; // number of src0 rows per simdgroup
-                    int nr1 = 1; // number of src1 rows per threadgroup
-
-                    size_t smem = 0; // shared memory
-
-                    // use custom matrix x vector kernel
-                    switch (src0t) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                            {
-                                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                                nsg = 1;
-                                nr0 = 1;
-                                nr1 = 4;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F32_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                            {
-                                nsg = 1;
-                                nr0 = 1;
-                                if (src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                                    if (ne11 * ne12 < 4) {
-                                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32_1ROW].pipeline;
-                                    } else if (ne00 >= 128 && ne01 >= 8 && ne00%4 == 0) {
-                                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32_L4].pipeline;
-                                        nr1 = ne11;
-                                    } else {
-                                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F32].pipeline;
-                                        nr1 = 4;
-                                    }
-                                } else {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_F16_F16].pipeline;
-                                    nr1 = 4;
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-                            {
-                                nsg = 1;
-                                nr0 = 1;
-                                if (src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                                    if (ne11 * ne12 < 4) {
-                                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32_1ROW].pipeline;
-                                    } else if (ne00 >= 128 && ne01 >= 8 && ne00%4 == 0) {
-                                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32_L4].pipeline;
-                                        nr1 = ne11;
-                                    } else {
-                                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_F32].pipeline;
-                                        nr1 = 4;
-                                    }
-                                } else {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_BF16_BF16].pipeline;
-                                    nr1 = 4;
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q4_0;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_0;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_0_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q4_1;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_1;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_1_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q5_0;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_0;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_0_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q5_1;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_1;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_1_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q8_0;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q8_0;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q8_0_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q2_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q2_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q2_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q3_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q3_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q3_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q4_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q4_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q5_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q5_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q6_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q6_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_Q6_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XXS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XXS;
-                                smem = 256*8+128;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_XXS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XS;
-                                smem = 512*8+128;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_XS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_XXS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_XXS;
-                                smem = 256*4+128;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ3_XXS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_S;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_S;
-                                smem = 512*4;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ3_S_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_S;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_S;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ2_S_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_S;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_S;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ1_S_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_M;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_M;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ1_M_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_NL;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_NL;
-                                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ4_NL_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_XS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_XS;
-                                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_IQ4_XS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        default:
-                            {
-                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("Asserting on type %d\n", (int)src0t);
-                                GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            }
-                    };
-
-                    ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv args = {
-                        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                        /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
-                        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
-                        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                        /*.nb13 =*/ nb13,
-                        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                        /*.r2   =*/ r2,
-                        /*.r3   =*/ r3,
-                    };
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:2];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:3];
-
-                    if (smem > 0) {
-                        [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:smem atIndex:0];
-                    }
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((ne01 + nr0*nsg - 1)/(nr0*nsg), (ne11 + nr1 - 1)/nr1, ne12*ne13) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(32, nsg, 1)];
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
-            {
-                // src2 = ids
-                const enum ggml_type src2t = src2->type; GGML_UNUSED(src2t);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(src2t == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(src0));
-                GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(src1));
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == 1);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne13 == 1);
-
-                const uint32_t r2 = 1;
-                const uint32_t r3 = 1;
-
-                // find the break-even point where the matrix-matrix kernel becomes more efficient compared
-                // to the matrix-vector kernel
-                // ne20 = n_used_experts
-                // ne21 = n_rows (batch size)
-                const int ne21_mm_id_min = 32;
-
-                // for now the matrix-matrix multiplication kernel only works on A14+/M1+ SoCs
-                // AMD GPU and older A-chips will reuse matrix-vector multiplication kernel
-                if ([device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7] &&
-                        ne00 % 32 == 0 && ne00 >= 64 &&
-                        (ne21 >= ne21_mm_id_min)) {
-                    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
-
-                    // some Metal matrix data types require aligned pointers
-                    // ref: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf (Table 2.5)
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 16 == 0); break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:  GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % 8  == 0); break;
-                        default: break;
-                    }
-
-                    const int64_t neh10 = ne10; // n_embd
-                    const int64_t neh11 = ne21; // n_tokens
-                    const int64_t neh12 = ne02; // n_expert
-
-                    const uint64_t nbh10 = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F16);
-                    const uint64_t nbh11 = nbh10*neh10;
-                    const uint64_t nbh12 = nbh11*neh11;
-                    const uint64_t nbh13 = nbh12*neh12;
-
-                    const size_t s_src1 = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F16)*neh10*neh11*neh12;
-                    id<MTLBuffer> h_src1 = ggml_metal_mem_pool_alloc(mem_pool, s_src1);
-                    if (!h_src1) {
-                        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate buffer from memory pool, size = %zu\n", __func__, s_src1);
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
-                    const int64_t neh0 = ne0;
-                    const int64_t neh1 = ne21;
-                    const int64_t neh2 = ne02;
-
-                    const uint64_t nbh0 = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                    const uint64_t nbh1 = nbh0*neh0;
-                    const uint64_t nbh2 = nbh1*neh1;
-                  //const uint64_t nbh3 = nbh2*neh2;
-
-                    const size_t s_dst = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)*neh0*neh1*neh2;
-                    id<MTLBuffer> h_dst = ggml_metal_mem_pool_alloc(mem_pool, s_dst);
-                    if (!h_dst) {
-                        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate buffer from memory pool, size = %zu\n", __func__, s_dst);
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
-                    // tokens per expert
-                    const size_t s_tpe = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_I32)*ne02;
-                    id<MTLBuffer> h_tpe = ggml_metal_mem_pool_alloc(mem_pool, s_tpe);
-                    if (!h_tpe) {
-                        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate buffer from memory pool, size = %zu\n", __func__, s_tpe);
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
-                    // id map
-                    // [n_expert_used, n_tokens]
-                    const size_t s_ids = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_I32)*ne20*ne21;
-                    id<MTLBuffer> h_ids = ggml_metal_mem_pool_alloc(mem_pool, s_ids);
-                    if (!h_ids) {
-                        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate buffer from memory pool, size = %zu\n", __func__, s_ids);
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
-                    {
-                        const int nth = MIN(1024, ne10/4);
-
-                        ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id_map0 args = {
-                            ne10,
-                            ne11,  // n_expert_used (bcast)
-                            nb11,
-                            nb12,
-                            neh11, // n_tokens
-                            nbh11,
-                            ne20,  // n_expert_used
-                            nb21,
-                        };
-
-                        id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_MAP0_F16].pipeline;
-
-                        [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                        [encoder setBytes:&args    length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                        [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1    atIndex:1];
-                        [encoder setBuffer:id_src2 offset:offs_src2    atIndex:2];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_src1 offset:0            atIndex:3];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_tpe  offset:0            atIndex:4];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_ids  offset:0            atIndex:5];
-
-                        [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne02, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-                    }
-
-                    {
-                        id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                        switch (src0->type) {
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:     pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_F32_F16    ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:     pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_F16_F16    ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_BF16:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_BF16_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_0_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_1_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_0_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_1_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q8_0_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q2_K_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q3_K_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q4_K_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q5_K_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_Q6_K_F16   ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_XXS_F16].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_XS_F16 ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ3_XXS_F16].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ3_S_F16  ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ2_S_F16  ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ1_S_F16  ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ1_M_F16  ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ4_NL_F16 ].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_IQ4_XS_F16 ].pipeline; break;
-                            default: GGML_ABORT("MUL_MAT_ID not implemented");
-                        }
-
-                        ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id args = {
-                            /*.ne00  =*/ ne00,
-                            /*.ne02  =*/ ne02,
-                            /*.nb01  =*/ nb01,
-                            /*.nb02  =*/ nb02,
-                            /*.nb03  =*/ nb03,
-                            /*.neh12 =*/ neh12,
-                            /*.nbh10 =*/ nbh10,
-                            /*.nbh11 =*/ nbh11,
-                            /*.nbh12 =*/ nbh12,
-                            /*.nbh13 =*/ nbh13,
-                            /*.neh0  =*/ neh0,
-                            /*.neh1  =*/ neh1,
-                            /*.r2    =*/ r2,
-                            /*.r3    =*/ r3,
-                        };
-
-                        [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                        [encoder setBytes:&args    length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                        [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0    atIndex:1];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_src1 offset:0            atIndex:2];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_tpe  offset:0            atIndex:3];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_dst  offset:0            atIndex:4];
-
-                        [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:8192 atIndex:0];
-                        [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((ne21 + 31)/32, (ne01 + 63)/64, ne02) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(128, 1, 1)];
-                    }
-
-                    {
-                        GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 4 == 0);
-
-                        const int nth = MIN(1024, ne0/4);
-
-                        ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id_map1 args = {
-                            ne20, // n_expert_used
-                            neh0,
-                            neh1,
-                            nbh1,
-                            nbh2,
-                            ne0,
-                            nb1,
-                            nb2,
-                        };
-
-                        id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MM_ID_MAP1_F32].pipeline;
-
-                        [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                        [encoder setBytes:&args   length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_dst offset:0            atIndex:1];
-                        [encoder setBuffer: h_ids offset:0            atIndex:2];
-                        [encoder setBuffer:id_dst offset:offs_dst     atIndex:3];
-
-                        [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne20, ne21, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                    int nsg = 0; // number of simdgroups
-                    int nr0 = 0; // number of src0 rows per simdgroup
-                    int nr1 = 1; // number of src1 rows per threadgroup
-
-                    size_t smem = 0; // shared memory
-
-                    // use custom matrix x vector kernel
-                    switch (src0t) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                            {
-                                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                                nsg = 1;
-                                nr0 = 1;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F32_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                            {
-                                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                                nsg = 1;
-                                nr0 = 1;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_F16_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-                            {
-                                GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                                nsg = 1;
-                                nr0 = 1;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_BF16_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q4_0;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_0;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_0_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q4_1;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_1;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_1_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q5_0;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_0;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_0_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q5_1;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_1;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_1_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q8_0;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q8_0;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q8_0_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q2_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q2_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q2_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q3_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q3_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q3_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q4_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q4_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q4_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q5_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q5_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q5_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_Q6_K;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_Q6_K;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_Q6_K_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XXS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XXS;
-                                smem = 256*8+128;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_XXS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_XS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_XS;
-                                smem = 512*8+128;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_XS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_XXS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_XXS;
-                                smem = 256*4+128;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ3_XXS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ3_S;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ3_S;
-                                smem = 512*4;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ3_S_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ2_S;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ2_S;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ2_S_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_S;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_S;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ1_S_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ1_M;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ1_M;
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ1_M_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_NL;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_NL;
-                                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ4_NL_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
-                            {
-                                nsg = N_SG_IQ4_XS;
-                                nr0 = N_R0_IQ4_XS;
-                                smem = 32*sizeof(float);
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_MUL_MV_ID_IQ4_XS_F32].pipeline;
-                            } break;
-                        default:
-                            {
-                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("Asserting on type %d\n", (int)src2t);
-                                GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            }
-                    };
-
-                    if (ggml_is_quantized(src0t)) {
-                        GGML_ASSERT(ne00 >= nsg*nr0);
-                    }
-
-                    ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_id args = {
-                        /*.nei0 =*/ ne20,
-                        /*.nei1 =*/ ne21,
-                        /*.nbi1 =*/ nb21,
-                        /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                        /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                        /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                        /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                        /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                        /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                        /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                        /*.ne11 =*/ ne11,
-                        /*.ne12 =*/ ne12,
-                        /*.ne13 =*/ ne13,
-                        /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                        /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                        /*.nb12 =*/ nb12,
-                        /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                        /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                        /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                    };
-
-                    [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                    [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1 atIndex:2];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:3];
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src2 offset:offs_src2 atIndex:4];
-
-                    const int64_t _ne1 = 1;
-                    const int64_t ne123 = ne20*ne21;
-
-                    if (smem > 0) {
-                        [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:smem atIndex:0];
-                    }
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((ne01 + nr0*nsg - 1)/(nr0*nsg), (_ne1 + nr1 - 1)/nr1, ne123) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(32, nsg, 1)];
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-            {
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                switch (src0->type) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:     pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_F32    ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:     pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_F16    ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_BF16   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_0   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_1   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_0   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_1   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q8_0   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q2_K   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q3_K   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q4_K   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q5_K   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_Q6_K   ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_XXS].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_XS ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ3_XXS].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ3_S  ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ2_S  ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ1_S  ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ1_M  ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ4_NL ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_IQ4_XS ].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_I32:     pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GET_ROWS_I32    ].pipeline; break;
-                    default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_get_rows args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.ne10 =*/ ne10,
-                    /*.nb10 =*/ nb10,
-                    /*.nb11 =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2 =*/ nb2,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0     offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1     offset:offs_src1 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst      offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:3];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne10, ne11, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-
-                float eps;
-                memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_RMS_NORM].pipeline;
-
-                int nth = 32; // SIMD width
-
-                while (nth < ne00/4 && nth < (int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup) {
-                    nth *= 2;
-                }
-
-                nth = MIN(nth, ne00/4);
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_rms_norm args = {
-                    /*.ne00   =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne00_4 =*/ ne00/4,
-                    /*.nb01   =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.eps    =*/ eps,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(float) atIndex:0];
-
-                const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(nrows, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-
-                float eps;
-                memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_L2_NORM].pipeline;
-
-                int nth = 32; // SIMD width
-
-                while (nth < ne00/4 && nth < (int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup) {
-                    nth *= 2;
-                }
-
-                nth = MIN(nth, ne00/4);
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_l2_norm args = {
-                    /*.ne00   =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne00_4 =*/ ne00/4,
-                    /*.nb01   =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.eps    =*/ eps,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(float) atIndex:0];
-
-                const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(nrows, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                float eps;
-                memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
-
-                const int32_t n_groups = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-
-                int nth = 32; // SIMD width
-
-                //while (nth < ne00/4 && nth < 1024) {
-                //    nth *= 2;
-                //}
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_GROUP_NORM].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_group_norm args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.n_groups =*/ n_groups,
-                    /*.eps =*/ eps,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0  offset:offs_src0        atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst   offset:offs_dst         atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args     length:sizeof(args)     atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(float) atIndex:0];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n_groups, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_NORM:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-
-                float eps;
-                memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_NORM].pipeline;
-
-                int nth = 32; // SIMD width
-
-                while (nth < ne00/4 && nth < (int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup) {
-                    nth *= 2;
-                }
-
-                nth = MIN(nth, ne00/4);
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_norm args = {
-                    /*.ne00   =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne00_4 =*/ ne00/4,
-                    /*.nb01   =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.eps    =*/ eps,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(float) atIndex:0];
-
-                const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(nrows, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-            {
-
-                // make sure we have one or more position id(ne10) per token(ne02)
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne10 % ne02 == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne10 >= ne02);
-
-                const int nth = MIN(1024, ne00);
-
-                const int n_past     = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-                const int n_dims     = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
-                const int mode       = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
-                // skip 3, n_ctx, used in GLM RoPE, unimplemented in metal
-                const int n_ctx_orig = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
-
-                float freq_base;
-                float freq_scale;
-                float ext_factor;
-                float attn_factor;
-                float beta_fast;
-                float beta_slow;
-
-                memcpy(&freq_base,   (const int32_t *) dst->op_params +  5, sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(&freq_scale,  (const int32_t *) dst->op_params +  6, sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(&ext_factor,  (const int32_t *) dst->op_params +  7, sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(&attn_factor, (const int32_t *) dst->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(&beta_fast,   (const int32_t *) dst->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(&beta_slow,   (const int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
-
-                const bool is_neox   = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
-                const bool is_mrope  = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
-                const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
-
-                // mrope
-                const int sect_0 = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[11];
-                const int sect_1 = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[12];
-                const int sect_2 = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[13];
-                const int sect_3 = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[14];
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                if (is_neox) {
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NEOX_F32].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NEOX_F16].pipeline; break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    };
-                } else if (is_mrope && !is_vision) {
-                    GGML_ASSERT(ne10*4 >= ne02); // need at least 4 pos per token
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_MULTI_F32].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_MULTI_F16].pipeline; break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    };
-                } else if (is_vision) {
-                    GGML_ASSERT(ne10*4 >= ne02); // need at least 4 pos per token
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_VISION_F32].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_VISION_F16].pipeline; break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    };
-                } else {
-                    switch (src0->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NORM_F32].pipeline; break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ROPE_NORM_F16].pipeline; break;
-                        default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    };
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_rope args = {
-                    /*.ne00        =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01        =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02        =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03        =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00        =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01        =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02        =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03        =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne0         =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1         =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2         =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3         =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0         =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1         =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2         =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3         =*/ nb3,
-                    /*.n_past      =*/ n_past,
-                    /*.n_dims      =*/ n_dims,
-                    /*.n_ctx_orig  =*/ n_ctx_orig,
-                    /*.freq_base   =*/ freq_base,
-                    /*.freq_scale  =*/ freq_scale,
-                    /*.ext_factor  =*/ ext_factor,
-                    /*.attn_factor =*/ attn_factor,
-                    /*.beta_fast   =*/ beta_fast,
-                    /*.beta_slow   =*/ beta_slow,
-                    /* sect_0      =*/ sect_0,
-                    /* sect_1      =*/ sect_1,
-                    /* sect_2      =*/ sect_2,
-                    /* sect_3      =*/ sect_3,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args)     atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0     atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1     atIndex:2];
-                if (id_src2 != nil) {
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src2 offset:offs_src2 atIndex:3];
-                } else {
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:3];
-                }
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst      atIndex:4];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
-                const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
-                const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
-                const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
-                const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
-                const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
-
-                const bool is_2D = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6] == 1;
-
-                const int32_t N  = src1->ne[is_2D ? 3 : 2];
-                const int32_t IC = src1->ne[is_2D ? 2 : 1];
-                const int32_t IH = is_2D ? src1->ne[1] : 1;
-                const int32_t IW =         src1->ne[0];
-
-                const int32_t KH = is_2D ? src0->ne[1] : 1;
-                const int32_t KW =         src0->ne[0];
-
-                const int32_t OH = is_2D ? dst->ne[2] : 1;
-                const int32_t OW =         dst->ne[1];
-
-                const int32_t CHW = IC * KH * KW;
-
-                const uint64_t ofs0 = src1->nb[is_2D ? 3 : 2] / 4;
-                const uint64_t ofs1 = src1->nb[is_2D ? 2 : 1] / 4;
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_F32].pipeline;
-
-                const bool is_gt_mttpt = ((size_t)(N * KH * KW)) > pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup;
-
-                switch (dst->type) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
-                        pipeline = (is_gt_mttpt ?
-                                    ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_EXT_F32].pipeline
-                                    :
-                                    ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_F32].pipeline);
-                    } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
-                        pipeline = (is_gt_mttpt ?
-                                    ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_EXT_F16].pipeline
-                                    :
-                                    ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_IM2COL_F16].pipeline);
-                    } break;
-                    default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                };
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_im2col args = {
-                    /*.ofs0 =*/ ofs0,
-                    /*.ofs1 =*/ ofs1,
-                    /*.IW   =*/ IW,
-                    /*.IH   =*/ IH,
-                    /*.CHW  =*/ CHW,
-                    /*.s0   =*/ s0,
-                    /*.s1   =*/ s1,
-                    /*.p0   =*/ p0,
-                    /*.p1   =*/ p1,
-                    /*.d0   =*/ d0,
-                    /*.d1   =*/ d1,
-                    /*.N    =*/ N,
-                    /*.KH   =*/ KH,
-                    /*.KW   =*/ KW,
-                    /*.KHW  =*/ KH * KW,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1       atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst        atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args)       atIndex:2];
-
-                if (is_gt_mttpt) {
-                    const uint64_t n_threads = MIN(pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, (uint64_t)N);
-
-                    const int64_t  quotient  = N / n_threads + (N % n_threads > 0 ? 1 : 0);
-
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(quotient * CHW, OH, OW) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(n_threads, 1, 1)];
-                } else {
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(IC, OH, OW) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(N, KH, KW)];
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
-
-                const int32_t IC = src1->ne[1];
-                const int32_t IL = src1->ne[0];
-
-                const int32_t K  = src0->ne[0];
-
-                const int32_t OL = dst->ne[0];
-                const int32_t OC = dst->ne[1];
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline;
-
-                switch (src0->type) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D_F32_F32].pipeline;
-                    } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D_F16_F32].pipeline;
-                    } break;
-                    default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                };
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d args = {
-                    /*.IC =*/ IC,
-                    /*.IL =*/ IL,
-                    /*.K  =*/ K,
-                    /*.s0 =*/ s0,
-                    /*.nb0 =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0         atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1         atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst          atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args    length:sizeof(args)       atIndex:3];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(OL, OC, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                const float sf0 = (float)ne0/src0->ne[0];
-                const float sf1 = (float)ne1/src0->ne[1];
-                const float sf2 = (float)ne2/src0->ne[2];
-                const float sf3 = (float)ne3/src0->ne[3];
-
-                const id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_UPSCALE_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_upscale args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne0 =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1 =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2 =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3 =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0 =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2 =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3 =*/ nb3,
-                    /*.sf0 =*/ sf0,
-                    /*.sf1 =*/ sf1,
-                    /*.sf2 =*/ sf2,
-                    /*.sf3 =*/ sf3
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:2];
-
-                const int nth = MIN((int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, ne0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne1, ne2, ne3) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_PAD:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_PAD_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_pad args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne0 =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1 =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2 =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3 =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0 =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2 =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3 =*/ nb3
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:2];
-
-                const int nth = MIN(1024, ne0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne1, ne2, ne3) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
-                const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_PAD_REFLECT_1D_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_pad_reflect_1d args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne0 =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1 =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2 =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3 =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0 =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2 =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3 =*/ nb3,
-                    /*.p0 =*/ p0,
-                    /*.p1 =*/ p1
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:2];
-
-                const int nth = MIN(1024, ne0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne1, ne2, ne3) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                float start;
-                float step;
-
-                memcpy(&start, ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 0, sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(&step,  ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 2, sizeof(float));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARANGE_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_arange args = {
-                    /*.ne0 =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.start =*/ start,
-                    /*.step =*/ step
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:1];
-
-                const int nth = MIN(1024, ne0);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                const int dim        = dst->op_params[0];
-                const int max_period = dst->op_params[1];
-
-                const int half = dim / 2;
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_timestep_embedding args = {
-                    /*.nb1 =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.dim =*/ dim,
-                    /*.max_period =*/ max_period
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:2];
-
-                const int nth = MIN(1024, half);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne00, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-
-                const int nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-                enum ggml_sort_order order = (enum ggml_sort_order) dst->op_params[0];
-
-                // bitonic sort requires the number of elements to be power of 2
-                int64_t ne00_padded = 1;
-                while (ne00_padded < ne00) {
-                    ne00_padded *= 2;
-                }
-
-                // Metal kernels require the buffer size to be multiple of 16 bytes
-                // https://developer.apple.com/documentation/metal/mtlcomputecommandencoder/1443142-setthreadgroupmemorylength
-                const int mem_size = GGML_PAD(ne00_padded*sizeof(int32_t), 16);
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                switch (order) {
-                    case GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGSORT_F32_I32_ASC].pipeline;  break;
-                    case GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGSORT_F32_I32_DESC].pipeline; break;
-                    default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                };
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_argsort args = {
-                    /*.ncols =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ncols_pad =*/ ne00_padded
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:mem_size atIndex:0];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(1, nrows, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(ne00_padded, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-                float slope;
-                memcpy(&slope, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_LEAKY_RELU_F32].pipeline;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_leaky_relu args = {
-                    /*.slope =*/ slope
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0   atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst    atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args)   atIndex:2];
-
-                const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4  == 0);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne11 % 32 == 0);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == src2->type);
-
-                //GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape (src1, src2));
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == ne21);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne12 == ne22);
-
-                struct ggml_tensor * src3 = node->src[3];
-
-                size_t offs_src3 = 0;
-
-                id<MTLBuffer> id_src3 = src3 ? ggml_metal_get_buffer(src3, &offs_src3) : nil;
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(!src3 || src3->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-                GGML_ASSERT(!src3 || src3->ne[1] >= GGML_PAD(src0->ne[1], 8) &&
-                        "the Flash-Attention Metal kernel requires the mask to be padded to 8 and at least n_queries big");
-
-                const int64_t  ne30 = src3 ? src3->ne[0] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(ne30);
-                //const int64_t  ne31 = src3 ? src3->ne[1] : 0;
-                const int64_t  ne32 = src3 ? src3->ne[2] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(ne32);
-                const int64_t  ne33 = src3 ? src3->ne[3] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(ne33);
-
-                const uint64_t nb30 = src3 ? src3->nb[0] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(nb30);
-                const uint64_t nb31 = src3 ? src3->nb[1] : 0;
-                const uint64_t nb32 = src3 ? src3->nb[2] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(nb32);
-                const uint64_t nb33 = src3 ? src3->nb[3] : 0; GGML_UNUSED(nb33);
-
-                const enum ggml_type src2t = src2 ? src2->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT; GGML_UNUSED(src2t);
-
-                float scale;
-                float max_bias;
-                float logit_softcap;
-                memcpy(&scale,         ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 0, sizeof(scale));
-                memcpy(&max_bias,      ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 1, sizeof(max_bias));
-                memcpy(&logit_softcap, ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 2, sizeof(logit_softcap));
-
-                if (logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
-                    scale /= logit_softcap;
-                }
-
-                const uint32_t n_head      = src0->ne[2];
-                const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
-
-                const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
-                const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                bool use_vec_kernel = false;
-
-                // TODO: add vec kernels for (ne00%64 == 0) and maybe also for (ne00%32 == 0)
-                //       for now avoiding mainly to keep the number of templates/kernels a bit lower
-                //       these are now trivial to add after: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12612
-                if (ne01 >= 20 || (ne00%128 != 0 && ne00 != 64 && ne00 != 96 && ne00 != 192 && ne00 != 576)) {
-                    switch (src1->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                            {
-                                if (ne00 == 192 && ne20 == 128) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_HK192_HV128].pipeline;
-                                } else if (ne00 == 576 && ne20 == 512) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_HK576_HV512].pipeline;
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (ne00) {
-                                        case 64:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H64 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 80:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H80 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 96:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H96 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 112: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H112].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 128: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 192: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 256: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_F16_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                                  {
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                                      GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                                  }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-                            {
-                                if (ne00 == 192 && ne20 == 128) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_HK192_HV128].pipeline;
-                                } else if (ne00 == 576 && ne20 == 512) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_HK576_HV512].pipeline;
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (ne00) {
-                                        case 64:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H64 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 80:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H80 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 96:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H96 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 112: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H112].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 128: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 192: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 256: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BF16_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                                  {
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                                      GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                                  }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                            {
-                                if (ne00 == 192 && ne20 == 128) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_HK192_HV128].pipeline;
-                                } else if (ne00 == 576 && ne20 == 512) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_HK576_HV512].pipeline;
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (ne00) {
-                                        case 64:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H64 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 80:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H80 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 96:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H96 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 112: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H112].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 128: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 192: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 256: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_0_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                                  {
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                                      GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                                  }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                            {
-                                if (ne00 == 192 && ne20 == 128) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_HK192_HV128].pipeline;
-                                } else if (ne00 == 576 && ne20 == 512) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_HK576_HV512].pipeline;
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (ne00) {
-                                        case 64:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H64 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 80:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H80 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 96:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H96 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 112: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H112].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 128: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 192: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 256: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q4_1_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                                  {
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                                      GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                                  }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-                            {
-                                if (ne00 == 192 && ne20 == 128) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_HK192_HV128].pipeline;
-                                } else if (ne00 == 576 && ne20 == 512) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_HK576_HV512].pipeline;
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (ne00) {
-                                        case 64:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H64 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 80:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H80 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 96:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H96 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 112: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H112].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 128: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 192: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 256: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_0_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                                  {
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                                      GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                                  }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-                            {
-                                if (ne00 == 192 && ne20 == 128) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_HK192_HV128].pipeline;
-                                } else if (ne00 == 576 && ne20 == 512) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_HK576_HV512].pipeline;
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (ne00) {
-                                        case 64:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H64 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 80:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H80 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 96:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H96 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 112: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H112].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 128: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 192: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 256: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q5_1_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                                  {
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                                      GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                                  }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                            {
-                                if (ne00 == 192 && ne20 == 128) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_HK192_HV128].pipeline;
-                                } else if (ne00 == 576 && ne20 == 512) {
-                                    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_HK576_HV512].pipeline;
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (ne00) {
-                                        case 64:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H64 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 80:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H80 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 96:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H96 ].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 112: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H112].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 128: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 192: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case 256: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_Q8_0_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                                  {
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                                      GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                                      GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                                  }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        default:
-                            {
-                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                            }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    use_vec_kernel = true;
-
-                    switch (ne00) {
-                        case 64:
-                            {
-                                switch (src1->type) {
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H64].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H64].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H64].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H64].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H64].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H64].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H64].pipeline; break;
-                                    default:
-                                        {
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                            GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                                        }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case 96:
-                            {
-                                switch (src1->type) {
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H96].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H96].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H96].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H96].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H96].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H96].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H96].pipeline; break;
-                                    default:
-                                        {
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                            GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                                        }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case 128:
-                            {
-                                switch (src1->type) {
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H128].pipeline; break;
-                                    default:
-                                        {
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                            GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                                        }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case 192:
-                            {
-                                if (ne20 == 128) {
-                                    switch (src1->type) {
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_HK192_HV128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_HK192_HV128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_HK192_HV128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_HK192_HV128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_HK192_HV128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_HK192_HV128].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_HK192_HV128].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                            {
-                                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                                GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                                            }
-                                    }
-                                } else {
-                                    switch (src1->type) {
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H192].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                            {
-                                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                                GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                                            }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case 256:
-                            {
-                                switch (src1->type) {
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_H256].pipeline; break;
-                                    default:
-                                        {
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                            GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                            GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                                        }
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        case 576:
-                            {
-                                if (ne20 == 512) {
-                                    switch (src1->type) {
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_F16_HK576_HV512].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_BF16_HK576_HV512].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_0_HK576_HV512].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q4_1_HK576_HV512].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_0_HK576_HV512].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q5_1_HK576_HV512].pipeline; break;
-                                        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_Q8_0_HK576_HV512].pipeline; break;
-                                        default:
-                                            {
-                                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported type: %d\n", src1->type);
-                                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this type\n");
-                                                GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this type");
-                                            }
-                                    }
-                                } else {
-                                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne20);
-                                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                    GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                                }
-                            } break;
-                        default:
-                            {
-                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("unsupported size: %lld\n", ne00);
-                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("add template specialization for this size\n");
-                                GGML_ABORT("add template specialization for this size");
-                            }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext args = {
-                    /*.ne01          =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02          =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03          =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb01          =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02          =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03          =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne11          =*/ ne11,
-                    /*.ne_12_2       =*/ ne12,
-                    /*.ne_12_3       =*/ ne13,
-                    /*.nb11          =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.nb12          =*/ nb12,
-                    /*.nb13          =*/ nb13,
-                    /*.nb21          =*/ nb21,
-                    /*.nb22          =*/ nb22,
-                    /*.nb23          =*/ nb23,
-                    /*.nb31          =*/ nb31,
-                    /*.ne1           =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2           =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.scale         =*/ scale,
-                    /*.max_bias      =*/ max_bias,
-                    /*.m0            =*/ m0,
-                    /*.m1            =*/ m1,
-                    /*.n_head_log2   =*/ n_head_log2,
-                    /*.logit_softcap =*/ logit_softcap,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args)     atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0     atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1     atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src2 offset:offs_src2     atIndex:3];
-                if (id_src3) {
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src3 offset:offs_src3 atIndex:4];
-                } else {
-                    [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:4];
-                }
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst offset:offs_dst       atIndex:5];
-
-                if (!use_vec_kernel) {
-                    // half8x8 kernel
-                    const int64_t nqptg = 8;  // queries per threadgroup    !! sync with kernel template arguments !!
-                    const int64_t ncpsg = 32; // cache values per simdgroup !! sync with kernel template arguments !!
-
-                    GGML_ASSERT(nqptg <= 32);
-                    GGML_ASSERT(nqptg  % 8  == 0);
-                    GGML_ASSERT(ncpsg  % 32 == 0);
-
-                    const int is_q = ggml_is_quantized(src1->type) ? 1 : 0;
-
-                    // 2*(2*ncpsg + nqptg)*(nsg)
-                    // ncpsg soft_max values + ncpsg mask values + a diagonal scaling matrix (in float)
-                    //
-                    // 16*32*(nsg)
-                    // the shared memory needed for the simdgroups to load the KV cache
-                    // each thread loads (dequantizes) 16 head elements, there are 32 threads in th SG
-                    //
-#define FATTN_SMEM(nsg) (GGML_PAD((nqptg*(2*ne00 + 2*(2*ncpsg + nqptg)*(nsg)) + is_q*(16*32*(nsg)))*(sizeof(float)/2), 16))
-
-                    int64_t nsgmax = 2;
-
-                    while (true) {
-                        const size_t smem = FATTN_SMEM(nsgmax);
-                        if (smem > device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        nsgmax *= 2;
-                    }
-                    nsgmax /= 2;
-
-                    // simdgroups per threadgroup (a.k.a. warps)
-                    const int64_t nsg = ne01 <= nqptg ? MAX(4, MIN(nsgmax, MIN(ne11/ncpsg, (int64_t) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup/32))) : 4;
-
-                    const size_t smem = FATTN_SMEM(nsg);
-
-                    //printf("smem: %zu, max: %zu, nsg = %d\n", smem, device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength, (int) nsg);
-                    GGML_ASSERT(smem <= device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength);
-                    [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:smem atIndex:0];
-#undef FATTN_SMEM
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((ne01 + nqptg - 1)/nqptg, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(32, nsg, 1)];
-                } else {
-                    // half4x4 kernel
-                    const int64_t nqptg = 1;  // queries per threadgroup    !! sync with kernel template arguments !!
-                    const int64_t ncpsg = 32; // cache values per simdgroup !! sync with kernel template arguments !!
-
-                    GGML_ASSERT(nqptg <= 32);
-                    GGML_ASSERT(nqptg  % 1  == 0);
-                    GGML_ASSERT(ncpsg  % 32 == 0);
-
-                    // ne00 + 2*ncpsg*(nsg)
-                    // for each query, we load it as f16 in shared memory (ne00)
-                    // and store the soft_max values and the mask
-                    //
-                    // ne00*(nsg)
-                    // each simdgroup has a full f32 head vector in shared mem to accumulate results
-                    //
-#define FATTN_SMEM(nsg) (GGML_PAD((nqptg*(GGML_PAD(ne00, 128) + 4*ncpsg*(nsg)) + 2*ne20*(nsg))*(sizeof(float)/2), 16))
-
-                    int64_t nsgmax = 2;
-                    while (true) {
-                        const size_t smem = FATTN_SMEM(nsgmax);
-                        if (smem > device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        nsgmax *= 2;
-                    }
-                    nsgmax /= 2;
-
-                    // simdgroups per threadgroup (a.k.a. warps)
-                    const int64_t nsgt = MAX(2, MIN(nsgmax, MIN(ne11/ncpsg, (int64_t) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup/32)));
-
-                    int64_t nsg = 1;
-                    while (nsg <= nsgt) {
-                        nsg *= 2;
-                    }
-                    nsg /= 2;
-
-                    const size_t smem = FATTN_SMEM(nsg);
-
-                    //printf("smem: %zu, max: %zu, nsg = %d\n", smem, device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength, (int) nsg);
-                    GGML_ASSERT(smem <= device.maxThreadgroupMemoryLength);
-                    [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:smem atIndex:0];
-#undef FATTN_SMEM
-                    [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((ne01 + nqptg - 1)/nqptg, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(32, nsg, 1)];
-                }
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_DUP:
-        case GGML_OP_CPY:
-        case GGML_OP_CONT:
-            {
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                switch (src0t) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                        {
-                            GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % ggml_blck_size(dst->type) == 0);
-
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F16:    pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_F16].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_BF16:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_BF16].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q8_0].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q4_0].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q4_1].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q5_0].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:   pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_Q5_1].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F32_IQ4_NL].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                        {
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F16_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F16:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_F16_F16].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
-                        {
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32:  pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_BF16_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_BF16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_BF16_BF16].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                        {
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_0_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_0_F16].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-                        {
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_1_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q4_1_F16].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
-                        {
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_0_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_0_F16].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
-                        {
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_1_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q5_1_F16].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                        {
-                            switch (dstt) {
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F32: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q8_0_F32].pipeline; break;
-                                case GGML_TYPE_F16: pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_CPY_Q8_0_F16].pipeline; break;
-                                default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                            };
-                        } break;
-                    default: GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_cpy args = {
-                    /*.ne00 =*/ ne00,
-                    /*.ne01 =*/ ne01,
-                    /*.ne02 =*/ ne02,
-                    /*.ne03 =*/ ne03,
-                    /*.nb00 =*/ nb00,
-                    /*.nb01 =*/ nb01,
-                    /*.nb02 =*/ nb02,
-                    /*.nb03 =*/ nb03,
-                    /*.ne0  =*/ ne0,
-                    /*.ne1  =*/ ne1,
-                    /*.ne2  =*/ ne2,
-                    /*.ne3  =*/ ne3,
-                    /*.nb0  =*/ nb0,
-                    /*.nb1  =*/ nb1,
-                    /*.nb2  =*/ nb2,
-                    /*.nb3  =*/ nb3,
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % ggml_blck_size(src0->type) == 0);
-                int nth = MIN(1024, ne00/ggml_blck_size(src0->type));
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne01, ne02, ne03) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_SET:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-                // src0 and dst as viewed during set
-                const size_t dst_nb0 = ggml_element_size(src0);
-
-                const size_t dst_nb1 = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-                const size_t dst_nb2 = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
-                const size_t dst_nb3 = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
-                const size_t offset  = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
-                const bool   inplace = (bool) ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
-
-                if (!inplace) {
-                    memcpy(((char *)  dst->data), ((char *) src0->data), ggml_nbytes(dst));
-                }
-
-                const int im0 = (ne10 == 0 ? 0 : ne10-1);
-                const int im1 = (ne11 == 0 ? 0 : ne11-1);
-                const int im2 = (ne12 == 0 ? 0 : ne12-1);
-                const int im3 = (ne13 == 0 ? 0 : ne13-1);
-
-                GGML_ASSERT(offset + im0*dst_nb0  + im1*dst_nb1  + im2*dst_nb2  + im3*dst_nb3  <= ggml_nbytes(dst));
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-
-                switch (src0t) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                        GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SET_F32].pipeline; break;
-                    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
-                        GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(int32_t));
-                        pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_SET_I32].pipeline; break;
-                    default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_set args = {
-                    /*.ne10    =*/ ne10,
-                    /*.ne11    =*/ ne11,
-                    /*.ne12    =*/ ne12,
-                    /*.nb10    =*/ nb10,
-                    /*.nb11    =*/ nb11,
-                    /*.nb12    =*/ nb12,
-                    /*.nb13    =*/ nb13,
-                    /*.nb1     =*/ dst_nb1,
-                    /*.nb2     =*/ dst_nb2,
-                    /*.nb3     =*/ dst_nb3,
-                    /*.offs    =*/ offset,
-                    /*.inplace =*/ inplace,
-                };
-
-                const int nth = MIN((int) pipeline.maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup, ne10);
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args    length:sizeof(args) atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0    atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src1 offset:offs_src1    atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst     atIndex:3];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(ne11, ne12, ne13) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0t == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0t == dstt);
-
-                const int32_t * opts = dst->op_params;
-                enum ggml_op_pool op = opts[0];
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = nil;
-                switch (src0t) {
-                    case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
-                        switch(op) {
-                            case GGML_OP_POOL_AVG:
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_POOL_2D_AVG_F32].pipeline; break;
-                            case GGML_OP_POOL_MAX:
-                                pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_POOL_2D_MAX_F32].pipeline; break;
-                            default: GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
-                        }
-                    } break;
-                    default: GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
-                }
-
-                const int32_t k0 = opts[1];
-                const int32_t k1 = opts[2];
-                const int32_t s0 = opts[3];
-                const int32_t s1 = opts[4];
-                const int32_t p0 = opts[5];
-                const int32_t p1 = opts[6];
-
-                const int64_t IH = src0->ne[1];
-                const int64_t IW = src0->ne[0];
-
-                const int64_t N  = dst->ne[3];
-                const int64_t OC = dst->ne[2];
-                const int64_t OH = dst->ne[1];
-                const int64_t OW = dst->ne[0];
-
-                const int64_t parallel_elements = N * OC * OH * OW;
-                const int64_t n_threads = MIN((int64_t)[pipeline maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup], parallel_elements);
-                const int64_t n_tg = (parallel_elements + n_threads - 1) / n_threads;
-
-                ggml_metal_kargs_pool_2d args_pool_2d = {
-                    /* .k0 = */ k0,
-                    /* .k1 = */ k1,
-                    /* .s0 = */ s0,
-                    /* .s1 = */ s1,
-                    /* .p0 = */ p0,
-                    /* .p1 = */ p1,
-                    /* .IH = */ IH,
-                    /* .IW = */ IW,
-                    /* .OH = */ OH,
-                    /* .OW = */ OW,
-                    /* .parallel_elements = */ parallel_elements
-                };
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&args_pool_2d length:sizeof(args_pool_2d) atIndex:2];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n_tg, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(n_threads, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-            case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
-            {
-                GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
-                GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ggml_type_size(src0->type));
-
-                const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
-
-                int nth = 32; // SIMD width
-                while (nth < ne00 && nth*ne01*ne02*ne03 < 256) {
-                    nth *= 2;
-                }
-
-                id<MTLComputePipelineState> pipeline = ctx->kernels[GGML_METAL_KERNEL_TYPE_ARGMAX].pipeline;
-
-                [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0        atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst         atIndex:1];
-                [encoder setBytes:&ne00    length:sizeof( int64_t) atIndex:2];
-                [encoder setBytes:&nb01    length:sizeof(uint64_t) atIndex:3];
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(float)   atIndex:0];
-                [encoder setThreadgroupMemoryLength:32*sizeof(int32_t) atIndex:1];
-
-                [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(nrows, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(nth, 1, 1)];
-            } break;
-       default:
-            {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: node %3d, op = %8s not implemented\n", __func__, idx, ggml_op_name(dst->op));
-                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-            }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-static enum ggml_status ggml_metal_graph_compute(
-            ggml_backend_t   backend,
-        struct ggml_cgraph * gf) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context        * ctx     = backend->context;
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = backend->device->context;
-
-    // number of nodes encoded by the main thread (empirically determined)
-    const int n_main = 128;
-
-    // number of threads in addition to the main thread
-    const int n_cb = ctx->n_cb;
-
-    // submit the ggml compute graph to the GPU by creating command buffers and encoding the ops in them
-    // the first n_nodes_0 are encoded and submitted for processing directly by the calling thread
-    // while these nodes are processing, we start n_cb threads to enqueue the rest of the nodes
-    // each thread creates it's own command buffer and enqueues the ops in parallel
-    //
-    // tests on M1 Pro and M2 Ultra using LLaMA models, show that optimal values for n_cb are 1 or 2
-
-    @autoreleasepool {
-        ctx->gf = gf;
-
-        ctx->n_nodes_0 = MIN(n_main, gf->n_nodes);
-        ctx->n_nodes_1 = gf->n_nodes - ctx->n_nodes_0;
-
-        ctx->n_nodes_per_cb = (ctx->n_nodes_1 + ctx->n_cb - 1) / ctx->n_cb;
-
-        const bool should_capture = ctx->capture_next_compute;
-        if (should_capture) {
-            ctx->capture_next_compute = false;
-
-            if (!ctx->capture_started) {
-                // create capture scope
-                ctx->capture_scope = [[MTLCaptureManager sharedCaptureManager] newCaptureScopeWithDevice:ctx_dev->mtl_device];
-
-                MTLCaptureDescriptor * descriptor = [MTLCaptureDescriptor new];
-                descriptor.captureObject = ctx->capture_scope;
-                descriptor.destination = MTLCaptureDestinationGPUTraceDocument;
-                descriptor.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"/tmp/perf-metal.gputrace"]];
-
-                NSError * error = nil;
-                if (![[MTLCaptureManager sharedCaptureManager] startCaptureWithDescriptor:descriptor error:&error]) {
-                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: unable to start capture '%s'\n", __func__, [[error localizedDescription] UTF8String]);
-                } else {
-                    [ctx->capture_scope beginScope];
-                    ctx->capture_started = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // the main thread commits the first few commands immediately
-        // cmd_buf[n_cb]
-        {
-            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [ctx->queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
-            ctx->cmd_bufs[n_cb].obj = cmd_buf;
-
-            [cmd_buf enqueue];
-            ctx->encode_async(n_cb);
-        }
-
-        // prepare the rest of the command buffers asynchronously
-        // cmd_buf[0.. n_cb)
-        for (int cb_idx = 0; cb_idx < n_cb; ++cb_idx) {
-            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [ctx->queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
-            ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].obj = cmd_buf;
-
-            // always enqueue the first two command buffers
-            // enqueue all of the command buffers if we don't need to abort
-            if (cb_idx < 2 || ctx->abort_callback == NULL) {
-                [cmd_buf enqueue];
-            }
-        }
-
-        dispatch_apply(n_cb, ctx->d_queue, ctx->encode_async);
-
-        // wait for completion and check status of each command buffer
-        // needed to detect if the device ran out-of-memory for example (#1881)
-        {
-            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs[n_cb].obj;
-            [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
-
-            MTLCommandBufferStatus status = [cmd_buf status];
-            if (status != MTLCommandBufferStatusCompleted) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: command buffer %d failed with status %lu\n", __func__, n_cb, status);
-                if (status == MTLCommandBufferStatusError) {
-                    GGML_LOG_INFO("error: %s\n", [[cmd_buf error].localizedDescription UTF8String]);
-                }
-
-                return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_cb; ++i) {
-            id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs[i].obj;
-            [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
-
-            MTLCommandBufferStatus status = [cmd_buf status];
-            if (status != MTLCommandBufferStatusCompleted) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: command buffer %d failed with status %lu\n", __func__, i, status);
-                if (status == MTLCommandBufferStatusError) {
-                    GGML_LOG_INFO("error: %s\n", [[cmd_buf error].localizedDescription UTF8String]);
-                }
-
-                return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
-            }
-
-            id<MTLCommandBuffer> next_buffer = (i + 1 < n_cb ? ctx->cmd_bufs[i + 1].obj : nil);
-            if (!next_buffer) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            const bool next_queued = ([next_buffer status] != MTLCommandBufferStatusNotEnqueued);
-            if (next_queued) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (ctx->abort_callback && ctx->abort_callback(ctx->abort_callback_data)) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: command buffer %d aborted", __func__, i);
-                return GGML_STATUS_ABORTED;
-            }
-
-            [next_buffer commit];
-        }
-
-        if (!should_capture && ctx->capture_started) {
-            [ctx->capture_scope endScope];
-            [[MTLCaptureManager sharedCaptureManager] stopCapture];
-        }
-    }
-
-    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// backend interface
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx = (struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
-        [ctx->buffers[i].metal release];
-    }
-
-    ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_free(ctx);
-    ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(buffer->buft->device->context);
-
-    if (ctx->owned) {
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX
-        vm_deallocate((vm_map_t)mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)ctx->all_data, ctx->all_size);
-#else
-        free(ctx->all_data);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    free(ctx);
-}
-
-static void * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx = (struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
-
-    return ctx->all_data;
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    memset((char *)tensor->data + offset, value, size);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
-        memcpy(dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src));
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx = (struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
-
-    memset(ctx->all_data, value, ctx->all_size);
-}
-
-static struct ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_metal_buffer_i = {
-    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_free_buffer,
-    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_get_base,
-    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,
-    /* .memset_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_memset_tensor,
-    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_set_tensor,
-    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_get_tensor,
-    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor,
-    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_clear,
-    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
-};
-
-// default buffer type
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return "Metal";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(id<MTLDevice> device, size_t size_aligned) {
-#ifndef GGML_METAL_NDEBUG
-#if TARGET_OS_OSX || (TARGET_OS_IOS && __clang_major__ >= 15)
-    if (@available(macOS 10.12, iOS 16.0, *)) {
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: allocated buffer, size = %8.2f MiB, (%8.2f / %8.2f)\n",
-                __func__,
-                size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
-                device.currentAllocatedSize / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
-                device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-
-        if (device.currentAllocatedSize > device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize) {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: warning: current allocated size is greater than the recommended max working set size\n", __func__);
-        }
-    } else {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: allocated buffer, size = %8.2f MiB, (%8.2f)\n",
-                __func__,
-                size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
-                device.currentAllocatedSize / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-    }
-#endif
-#endif
-    GGML_UNUSED(device);
-    GGML_UNUSED(size_aligned);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context));
-
-    const size_t size_page = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
-
-    size_t size_aligned = size;
-    if ((size_aligned % size_page) != 0) {
-        size_aligned += (size_page - (size_aligned % size_page));
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = (struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context *)buft->device->context;
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
-
-    ctx->all_data = ggml_metal_host_malloc(size_aligned);
-    ctx->all_size = size_aligned;
-    ctx->owned = true;
-    ctx->n_buffers = 1;
-
-    if (ctx->all_data != NULL) {
-        ctx->buffers[0].data  = ctx->all_data;
-        ctx->buffers[0].size  = size;
-        ctx->buffers[0].metal = nil;
-
-        if (size_aligned > 0) {
-            ctx->buffers[0].metal = [device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:ctx->all_data
-                                            length:size_aligned
-                                            options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared
-                                            deallocator:nil];
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (size_aligned > 0 && (ctx->all_data == NULL || ctx->buffers[0].metal == nil)) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-        free(ctx);
-        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (!ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(ctx, ctx_dev, device)) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
-        free(ctx);
-        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    //ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(device, size_aligned);
-
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_metal_buffer_i, ctx, size);
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return 32;
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(buft->device->context);
-    const size_t max_size = device.maxBufferLength;
-    ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(buft->device->context);
-
-    return max_size;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return true;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type(void) {
-    static struct ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_buffer_type_metal = {
-        /* .iface = */ {
-            /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_name,
-            /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
-            /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alignment,
-            /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_max_size,
-            /* .get_alloc_size   = */ NULL, // defaults to ggml_nbytes
-            /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_is_host,
-        },
-        /* .device  = */ &g_ggml_backend_metal_device,
-        /* .context = */ NULL,
-    };
-
-    return &ggml_backend_buffer_type_metal;
-}
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return "Metal_Mapped";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type(void) {
-    static struct ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_buffer_from_ptr_type_metal = {
-        /* .iface = */ {
-            /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type_get_name,
-            /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
-            /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alignment,
-            /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_max_size,
-            /* .get_alloc_size   = */ NULL, // defaults to ggml_nbytes
-            /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_is_host,
-        },
-        /* .device  = */ &g_ggml_backend_metal_device,
-        /* .context = */ NULL,
-    };
-
-    return &ggml_backend_buffer_from_ptr_type_metal;
-}
-
-// TODO: obsoleted by ggml_backend_metal_device_buffer_from_ptr
-ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr(void * data, size_t size, size_t max_size) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context));
-
-    ctx->all_data = data;
-    ctx->all_size = size;
-    ctx->owned = false;
-    ctx->n_buffers = 0;
-
-    const size_t size_page = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
-
-    // page-align the data ptr
-    {
-        const uintptr_t offs = (uintptr_t) data % size_page;
-        data  = (void *) ((char *) data - offs);
-        size += offs;
-    }
-
-    size_t size_aligned = size;
-    if ((size_aligned % size_page) != 0) {
-        size_aligned += (size_page - (size_aligned % size_page));
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = &g_ggml_ctx_dev_main;
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
-
-    // the buffer fits into the max buffer size allowed by the device
-    if (size_aligned <= device.maxBufferLength) {
-        ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].data  = data;
-        ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].size  = size;
-        ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = nil;
-
-        if (size_aligned > 0) {
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = [device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:data length:size_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared deallocator:nil];
-
-            if (ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal == nil) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(device, size_aligned);
-
-        ++ctx->n_buffers;
-    } else {
-        // this overlap between the views will guarantee that the tensor with the maximum size will fully fit into
-        // one of the views
-        const size_t size_ovlp = ((max_size + size_page - 1) / size_page + 1) * size_page; // round-up 2 pages just in case
-        const size_t size_step = device.maxBufferLength - size_ovlp;
-        const size_t size_view = device.maxBufferLength;
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += size_step) {
-            const size_t size_step_aligned = (i + size_view <= size) ? size_view : (size_aligned - i);
-
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].data  = (void *) ((uint8_t *) data + i);
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].size  = size_step_aligned;
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = nil;
-
-            if (size_step_aligned > 0) {
-                ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = [device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:(void *) ((uint8_t *) data + i) length:size_step_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared deallocator:nil];
-
-                if (ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal == nil) {
-                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_step_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(device, size_step_aligned);
-
-            if (i + size_step < size) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("\n");
-            }
-
-            ++ctx->n_buffers;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(ctx, ctx_dev, device)) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
-        free(ctx);
-        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type(), ggml_backend_metal_buffer_i, ctx, size);
-}
-
-// backend
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_metal_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return "Metal";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context        * ctx     = backend->context;
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = backend->device->context;
-
-    ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
-    ggml_metal_free(ctx);
-
-    free(backend);
-}
-
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_metal_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-    return ggml_metal_graph_compute(backend, cgraph);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_set_n_cb(ggml_backend_t backend, int n_cb) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ctx = (struct ggml_backend_metal_context *)backend->context;
-
-    if (ctx->n_cb != n_cb) {
-        ctx->n_cb = MIN(n_cb, GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS);
-
-        if (ctx->n_cb > 2) {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: n_cb = %d, using n_cb > 2 is not recommended and can degrade the performance in some cases\n", __func__, n_cb);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->encode_async) {
-        Block_release(ctx->encode_async);
-    }
-
-    ctx->encode_async = Block_copy(^(size_t iter) {
-        const int cb_idx = iter;
-        const int n_cb_l = ctx->n_cb;
-
-        const int n_nodes_0 = ctx->n_nodes_0;
-        const int n_nodes_1 = ctx->n_nodes_1;
-
-        const int n_nodes_per_cb = ctx->n_nodes_per_cb;
-
-        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].obj;
-
-        id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf computeCommandEncoder];
-
-        int node_start = 0;
-        int node_end   = n_nodes_0;
-
-        if (cb_idx < n_cb_l) {
-            node_start = n_nodes_0 + (                                         (cb_idx + 0) * n_nodes_per_cb);
-            node_end   = n_nodes_0 + (MIN((cb_idx == n_cb_l - 1) ? n_nodes_1 : (cb_idx + 1) * n_nodes_per_cb, n_nodes_1));
-        }
-
-        const bool should_capture = ctx->capture_next_compute;
-
-        struct ggml_metal_mem_pool * mem_pool = ctx->cmd_bufs[cb_idx].mem_pool;
-        ggml_metal_mem_pool_reset(mem_pool);
-
-        for (int idx = node_start; idx < node_end; ++idx) {
-            if (should_capture) {
-                [encoder pushDebugGroup:[NSString stringWithCString:ggml_op_desc(ggml_graph_node(ctx->gf, idx)) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
-            }
-
-            const bool res = ggml_metal_encode_node(backend, idx, encoder, mem_pool);
-
-            if (should_capture) {
-                [encoder popDebugGroup];
-            }
-
-            if (!res) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        [encoder endEncoding];
-
-        if (cb_idx < 2 || ctx->abort_callback == NULL) {
-            [cmd_buf commit];
-        }
-    });
-}
-
-static struct ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_metal_i = {
-    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_metal_name,
-    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_metal_free,
-    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
-    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_metal_graph_compute,
-    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
-};
-
-static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_metal_guid(void) {
-    static ggml_guid guid = { 0x81, 0xa1, 0x8b, 0x1e, 0x71, 0xec, 0x79, 0xed, 0x2b, 0x85, 0xdc, 0x8a, 0x61, 0x98, 0x30, 0xe6 };
-    return &guid;
-}
-
-// TODO: remove in the future
-ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_metal_init(void) {
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_metal_reg(), 0);
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ctx = ggml_metal_init(dev);
-    if (ctx == NULL) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    ggml_backend_t backend = malloc(sizeof(struct ggml_backend));
-
-    *backend = (struct ggml_backend) {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_metal_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_metal_i,
-        /* .device    = */ dev,
-        /* .context   = */ ctx,
-    };
-
-    ggml_backend_metal_set_n_cb(backend, 1);
-
-    return backend;
-}
-
-bool ggml_backend_is_metal(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_metal_guid());
-}
-
-void ggml_backend_metal_set_abort_callback(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * user_data) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ctx = (struct ggml_backend_metal_context *)backend->context;
-
-    ctx->abort_callback = abort_callback;
-    ctx->abort_callback_data = user_data;
-}
-
-bool ggml_backend_metal_supports_family(ggml_backend_t backend, int family) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = backend->device->context;
-
-    return [ctx_dev->mtl_device supportsFamily:(MTLGPUFamilyApple1 + family - 1)];
-}
-
-void ggml_backend_metal_capture_next_compute(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_metal(backend));
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ctx = (struct ggml_backend_metal_context *)backend->context;
-    ctx->capture_next_compute = true;
-}
-
-// backend device
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_metal_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return "Metal";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_metal_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    // acq/rel just to populate ctx->name in case it hasn't been done yet
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = (struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context *)dev->context;
-    ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
-    ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
-
-    return ctx_dev->name;
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    if (@available(macOS 10.12, iOS 16.0, *)) {
-        struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = (struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context *)dev->context;
-        id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
-
-        *total = device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize;
-        *free  = *total - device.currentAllocatedSize;
-
-        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
-    } else {
-        *free = 1;
-        *total = 1;
-    }
-}
-
-static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_metal_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static void ggml_backend_metal_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
-    props->name        = ggml_backend_metal_device_get_name(dev);
-    props->description = ggml_backend_metal_device_get_description(dev);
-    props->type        = ggml_backend_metal_device_get_type(dev);
-    ggml_backend_metal_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
-    props->caps = (struct ggml_backend_dev_caps) {
-        /* .async                 = */ false,
-        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
-        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ true,
-        /* .events                = */ false,
-    };
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_metal_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ctx = ggml_metal_init(dev);
-    if (ctx == NULL) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    ggml_backend_t backend = malloc(sizeof(struct ggml_backend));
-
-    *backend = (struct ggml_backend) {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_metal_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_metal_i,
-        /* .device    = */ dev,
-        /* .context   = */ ctx,
-    };
-
-    ggml_backend_metal_set_n_cb(backend, 1);
-
-    return backend;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type();
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_device_buffer_from_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context));
-
-    ctx->all_data = ptr;
-    ctx->all_size = size;
-    ctx->owned = false;
-    ctx->n_buffers = 0;
-
-    const size_t size_page = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
-
-    // page-align the data ptr
-    {
-        const uintptr_t offs = (uintptr_t) ptr % size_page;
-        ptr  = (void *) ((char *) ptr - offs);
-        size += offs;
-    }
-
-    size_t size_aligned = size;
-    if ((size_aligned % size_page) != 0) {
-        size_aligned += (size_page - (size_aligned % size_page));
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = (struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context *)dev->context;
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
-
-    // the buffer fits into the max buffer size allowed by the device
-    if (size_aligned <= device.maxBufferLength) {
-        ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].data  = ptr;
-        ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].size  = size;
-        ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = nil;
-
-        if (size_aligned > 0) {
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = [device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:ptr length:size_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared deallocator:nil];
-
-            if (ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal == nil) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(device, size_aligned);
-
-        ++ctx->n_buffers;
-    } else {
-        // this overlap between the views will guarantee that the tensor with the maximum size will fully fit into
-        // one of the views
-        const size_t size_ovlp = ((max_tensor_size + size_page - 1) / size_page + 1) * size_page; // round-up 2 pages just in case
-        const size_t size_step = device.maxBufferLength - size_ovlp;
-        const size_t size_view = device.maxBufferLength;
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += size_step) {
-            const size_t size_step_aligned = (i + size_view <= size) ? size_view : (size_aligned - i);
-
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].data  = (void *) ((uint8_t *) ptr + i);
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].size  = size_step_aligned;
-            ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = nil;
-
-            if (size_step_aligned > 0) {
-                ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal = [device newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:(void *) ((uint8_t *) ptr + i) length:size_step_aligned options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared deallocator:nil];
-
-                if (ctx->buffers[ctx->n_buffers].metal == nil) {
-                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_step_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(device, size_step_aligned);
-
-            if (i + size_step < size) {
-                GGML_LOG_INFO("\n");
-            }
-
-            ++ctx->n_buffers;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(ctx, ctx_dev, device)) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
-        free(ctx);
-        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type(), ggml_backend_metal_buffer_i, ctx, size);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = dev->context;
-
-    return ggml_metal_supports_op(ctx_dev, op);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_name ||
-            buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type_get_name;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
-
-static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    return false;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-    GGML_UNUSED(op);
-}
-
-static struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_metal_device_i = {
-    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_name,
-    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_description,
-    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_memory,
-    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_type,
-    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_props,
-    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_init,
-    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_get_buffer_type,
-    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
-    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_buffer_from_ptr,
-    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_op,
-    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_buft,
-    /* .offload_op           = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_offload_op,
-    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
-};
-
-// backend registry
-
-static const char * ggml_backend_metal_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return "Metal";
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-}
-
-static size_t ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return 1;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-}
-
-static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(index == 0);
-
-    return &g_ggml_backend_metal_device;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-    GGML_UNUSED(index);
-}
-
-static struct ggml_backend_feature g_ggml_backend_metal_features[] = {
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY)
-    { "EMBED_LIBRARY", "1" },
-#endif
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-    { "BF16", "1" },
-#endif
-    { nil, nil },
-};
-
-static struct ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_metal_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return g_ggml_backend_metal_features;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-}
-
-static void * ggml_backend_metal_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
-    if (strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_get_features") == 0) {
-        return (void *)ggml_backend_metal_get_features;
-    }
-
-    return NULL;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-}
-static struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_metal_reg_i = {
-    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_get_name,
-    /* .device_count     = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_count,
-    /* .device_get       = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_device_get,
-    /* .get_proc_address = */ ggml_backend_metal_get_proc_address,
-};
-
-ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_metal_reg(void) {
-    // TODO: make this thread-safe somehow?
-    {
-        g_ggml_backend_metal_reg = (struct ggml_backend_reg) {
-            /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
-            /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_metal_reg_i,
-            /* .context     = */ NULL,
-        };
-
-        g_ggml_backend_metal_device = (struct ggml_backend_device) {
-            /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_metal_device_i,
-            /* .reg     = */ &g_ggml_backend_metal_reg,
-            /* .context = */ &g_ggml_ctx_dev_main,
-        };
-    }
-
-    return &g_ggml_backend_metal_reg;
-}
-
-GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_metal_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
index 3da19879b4b..b2328605dd9 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
@@ -9,12 +9,22 @@ __embed_ggml-common.h__
 
 #include <metal_stdlib>
 
+#ifdef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+#include <metal_tensor>
+
+#include <MetalPerformancePrimitives/MetalPerformancePrimitives.h>
+#endif
+
 using namespace metal;
 
 #define MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
 #define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
 #define SWAP(x, y) { auto tmp = (x); (x) = (y); (y) = tmp; }
 
+#define PAD2(x, n) (((x) + (n) - 1) & ~((n) - 1))
+
+#define FOR_UNROLL(x) _Pragma("clang loop unroll(full)") for (x)
+
 #define N_SIMDWIDTH 32 // assuming SIMD group size is 32
 
 // ref: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf
@@ -23,24 +33,69 @@ using namespace metal;
 //   .../usr/bin/metal -dM -E -c                             ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
 //   .../usr/bin/metal -dM -E -c -target air64-apple-ios14.0 ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
 //
-#if __METAL_VERSION__ < 310 && defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-#undef GGML_METAL_USE_BF16
+#if __METAL_VERSION__ < 310 && defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+#undef GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16
 #endif
 
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
 typedef matrix<bfloat, 4, 4> bfloat4x4;
+typedef matrix<bfloat, 2, 4> bfloat2x4;
 #endif
 
 constexpr constant static float kvalues_iq4nl_f[16] = {
     -127.f, -104.f, -83.f, -65.f, -49.f, -35.f, -22.f, -10.f, 1.f, 13.f, 25.f, 38.f, 53.f, 69.f, 89.f, 113.f
 };
 
+constexpr constant static float kvalues_mxfp4_f[16] = {
+    0, .5f, 1.f, 1.5f, 2.f, 3.f, 4.f, 6.f, -0, -.5f, -1.f, -1.5f, -2.f, -3.f, -4.f, -6.f
+};
+
+static inline int best_index_int8(int n, constant float * val, float x) {
+    if (x <= val[0]) return 0;
+    if (x >= val[n-1]) return n-1;
+    int ml = 0, mu = n-1;
+    while (mu-ml > 1) {
+        int mav = (ml+mu)/2;
+        if (x < val[mav]) mu = mav; else ml = mav;
+    }
+    return x - val[mu-1] < val[mu] - x ? mu-1 : mu;
+}
+
+static inline float e8m0_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
+    uint32_t bits;
+
+    if (x == 0) {
+        bits = 0x00400000;
+    } else {
+        bits = (uint32_t) x << 23;
+    }
+
+    return as_type<float>(bits);
+}
+
+static inline float dot(float x, float y) {
+    return x*y;
+}
+
+static inline float sum(float x) {
+    return x;
+}
+
+static inline float sum(float4 x) {
+    return x[0] + x[1] + x[2] + x[3];
+}
+
 // NOTE: this is not dequantizing - we are simply fitting the template
 template <typename type4x4>
 void dequantize_f32(device const float4x4 * src, short il, thread type4x4 & reg) {
     reg = (type4x4)(*src);
 }
 
+template <typename type4>
+void dequantize_f32_t4(device const float4 * src, short il, thread type4 & reg) {
+    reg = (type4)(*src);
+}
+
 template <typename type4x4>
 void dequantize_f16(device const half4x4 * src, short il, thread type4x4 & reg) {
     reg = (type4x4)(*src);
@@ -51,7 +106,7 @@ void dequantize_f16_t4(device const half4 * src, short il, thread type4 & reg) {
     reg = (type4)(*(src));
 }
 
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
 template <typename type4x4>
 void dequantize_bf16(device const bfloat4x4 * src, short il, thread type4x4 & reg) {
     reg = (type4x4)(*src);
@@ -97,6 +152,199 @@ void dequantize_q4_0_t4(device const block_q4_0 * xb, short il, thread type4 & r
     }
 }
 
+void quantize_q4_0(device const float * src, device block_q4_0 & dst) {
+#pragma METAL fp math_mode(safe)
+    float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+    float max  = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0; j++) {
+        const float v = src[j];
+        if (amax < fabs(v)) {
+            amax = fabs(v);
+            max  = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float d = max / -8;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    dst.d = d;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = src[0       + j]*id;
+        const float x1 = src[QK4_0/2 + j]*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 8.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 8.5f));
+
+        dst.qs[j]  = xi0;
+        dst.qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_q4_1(device const float * src, device block_q4_1 & dst) {
+#pragma METAL fp math_mode(safe)
+    float min = FLT_MAX;
+    float max = -FLT_MAX;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1; j++) {
+        const float v = src[j];
+        if (min > v) min = v;
+        if (max < v) max = v;
+    }
+
+    const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    dst.d = d;
+    dst.m = min;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = (src[0       + j] - min)*id;
+        const float x1 = (src[QK4_1/2 + j] - min)*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 0.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 0.5f));
+
+        dst.qs[j]  = xi0;
+        dst.qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_q5_0(device const float * src, device block_q5_0 & dst) {
+#pragma METAL fp math_mode(safe)
+    float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+    float max  = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0; j++) {
+        const float v = src[j];
+        if (amax < fabs(v)) {
+            amax = fabs(v);
+            max  = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float d = max / -16;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    dst.d = d;
+
+    uint32_t qh = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = src[0       + j]*id;
+        const float x1 = src[QK5_0/2 + j]*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x0 + 16.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x1 + 16.5f));
+
+        dst.qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
+        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
+        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0/2);
+    }
+
+    thread const uint8_t * qh8 = (thread const uint8_t *)&qh;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
+        dst.qh[j] = qh8[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_q5_1(device const float * src, device block_q5_1 & dst) {
+#pragma METAL fp math_mode(safe)
+    float max = src[0];
+    float min = src[0];
+
+    for (int j = 1; j < QK5_1; j++) {
+        const float v = src[j];
+        min = v < min ? v : min;
+        max = v > max ? v : max;
+    }
+
+    const float d = (max - min) / 31;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    dst.d = d;
+    dst.m = min;
+
+    uint32_t qh = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_1/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = (src[0       + j] - min)*id;
+        const float x1 = (src[QK5_1/2 + j] - min)*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t)(x0 + 0.5f);
+        const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t)(x1 + 0.5f);
+
+        dst.qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
+        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
+        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_1/2);
+    }
+
+    thread const uint8_t * qh8 = (thread const uint8_t *)&qh;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
+        dst.qh[j] = qh8[j];
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_q8_0(device const float * src, device block_q8_0 & dst) {
+#pragma METAL fp math_mode(safe)
+    float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
+        const float v = src[j];
+        amax = MAX(amax, fabs(v));
+    }
+
+    const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    dst.d = d;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = src[j]*id;
+
+        dst.qs[j] = round(x0);
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_iq4_nl(device const float * src, device block_iq4_nl & dst) {
+#pragma METAL fp math_mode(safe)
+    float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+    float max  = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL; j++) {
+        const float v = src[j];
+        if (amax < fabs(v)) {
+            amax = fabs(v);
+            max  = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float d = max / kvalues_iq4nl_f[0];
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+    float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = src[0        + j]*id;
+        const float x1 = src[QK4_NL/2 + j]*id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl_f, x0);
+        const uint8_t xi1 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl_f, x1);
+
+        dst.qs[j] = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
+
+        const float v0 = kvalues_iq4nl_f[xi0];
+        const float v1 = kvalues_iq4nl_f[xi1];
+        const float w0 = src[0        + j]*src[0        + j];
+        const float w1 = src[QK4_NL/2 + j]*src[QK4_NL/2 + j];
+        sumqx += w0*v0*src[j] + w1*v1*src[QK4_NL/2 + j];
+        sumq2 += w0*v0*v0 + w1*v1*v1;
+
+    }
+
+    dst.d = sumq2 > 0 ? sumqx/sumq2 : d;
+}
+
 template <typename type4x4>
 void dequantize_q4_1(device const block_q4_1 * xb, short il, thread type4x4 & reg) {
     device const uint16_t * qs = ((device const uint16_t *)xb + 2);
@@ -279,6 +527,36 @@ void dequantize_q8_0_t4(device const block_q8_0 *xb, short il, thread type4 & re
     }
 }
 
+template <typename type4x4>
+void dequantize_mxfp4(device const block_mxfp4 * xb, short il, thread type4x4 & reg) {
+    device const uint8_t * q2 = (device const uint8_t *)xb->qs;
+
+    const float d = e8m0_to_fp32(xb->e);
+    const uint8_t shr = il >= 1 ? 4 : 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+        reg[i][0] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*i + 0] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+        reg[i][1] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*i + 1] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+        reg[i][2] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*i + 2] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+        reg[i][3] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*i + 3] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename type4>
+void dequantize_mxfp4_t4(device const block_mxfp4 * xb, short il, thread type4 & reg) {
+    device const uint8_t * q2 = (device const uint8_t *)xb->qs;
+
+    const float d = e8m0_to_fp32(xb->e);
+    const short il4 = il%4;
+
+    const uint8_t shr = il >= 4 ? 4 : 0;
+
+    reg[0] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*il4 + 0] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+    reg[1] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*il4 + 1] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+    reg[2] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*il4 + 2] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+    reg[3] = d * kvalues_mxfp4_f[(q2[4*il4 + 3] >> shr) & 0x0F];
+}
+
 template <typename type4x4>
 void dequantize_q2_K(device const block_q2_K *xb, short il, thread type4x4 & reg) {
     const float d = xb->d;
@@ -625,377 +903,568 @@ enum ggml_sort_order {
     GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC,
 };
 
-// general-purpose kernel for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two tensors
-// pros: works for non-contiguous tensors, supports broadcast across all dims
-// cons: not very efficient
-kernel void kernel_add(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device const char * src1,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig.z;
-    const int i02 = tgpig.y;
-    const int i01 = tgpig.x;
-
-    const int i13 = i03%args.ne13;
-    const int i12 = i02%args.ne12;
-    const int i11 = i01%args.ne11;
+constant float GELU_COEF_A     = 0.044715f;
+constant float GELU_QUICK_COEF = -1.702f;
+constant float SQRT_2_OVER_PI  = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
+constant float SQRT_2_INV      = 0.70710678118654752440084436210484f;
 
-    device const char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + args.offs;
-    device const char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*args.nb13 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11;
-    device       char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*args.nb3  + i02*args.nb2  + i01*args.nb1  + args.offs;
+// based on Abramowitz and Stegun formula 7.1.26 or similar Hastings' approximation
+// ref: https://www.johndcook.com/blog/python_erf/
+constant float p_erf  = 0.3275911f;
+constant float a1_erf = 0.254829592f;
+constant float a2_erf = -0.284496736f;
+constant float a3_erf = 1.421413741f;
+constant float a4_erf = -1.453152027f;
+constant float a5_erf = 1.061405429f;
 
-    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
-        const int i10 = i0%args.ne10;
-        *((device float *)(dst_ptr + i0*args.nb0)) = *((device float *)(src0_ptr + i0*args.nb00)) + *((device float *)(src1_ptr + i10*args.nb10));
-    }
+template<typename T>
+inline T erf_approx(T x) {
+    T sign_x = sign(x);
+    x = fabs(x);
+    T t = 1.0f / (1.0f + p_erf * x);
+    T y = 1.0f - (((((a5_erf * t + a4_erf) * t) + a3_erf) * t + a2_erf) * t + a1_erf) * t * exp(-x * x);
+    return sign_x * y;
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_sub(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device const char * src1,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig.z;
-    const int i02 = tgpig.y;
-    const int i01 = tgpig.x;
+template<typename T> T elu_approx(T x);
 
-    const int i13 = i03%args.ne13;
-    const int i12 = i02%args.ne12;
-    const int i11 = i01%args.ne11;
+template<> inline float elu_approx<float>(float x) {
+    return (x > 0.f) ? x : (exp(x) - 1);
+}
 
-    device const char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + args.offs;
-    device const char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*args.nb13 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11;
-    device       char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*args.nb3  + i02*args.nb2  + i01*args.nb1  + args.offs;
+template<> inline float4 elu_approx<float4>(float4 x) {
+    float4 res;
 
-    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
-        const int i10 = i0%args.ne10;
-        *((device float *)(dst_ptr + i0*args.nb0)) = *((device float *)(src0_ptr + i0*args.nb00)) - *((device float *)(src1_ptr + i10*args.nb10));
-    }
+    res[0] = (x[0] > 0.0f) ? x[0] : (exp(x[0]) - 1.0f);
+    res[1] = (x[1] > 0.0f) ? x[1] : (exp(x[1]) - 1.0f);
+    res[2] = (x[2] > 0.0f) ? x[2] : (exp(x[2]) - 1.0f);
+    res[3] = (x[3] > 0.0f) ? x[3] : (exp(x[3]) - 1.0f);
+
+    return res;
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_mul(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
+constant short FC_unary_op [[function_constant(FC_UNARY + 0)]];
+constant bool  FC_unary_cnt[[function_constant(FC_UNARY + 1)]];
+
+template <typename T0, typename T, typename TC>
+kernel void kernel_unary_impl(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_unary & args,
         device const char * src0,
-        device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
         ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig.z;
-    const int i02 = tgpig.y;
-    const int i01 = tgpig.x;
-
-    const int i13 = i03%args.ne13;
-    const int i12 = i02%args.ne12;
-    const int i11 = i01%args.ne11;
+#define FC_OP  FC_unary_op
+#define FC_CNT FC_unary_cnt
 
-    device const char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01;
-    device const char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*args.nb13 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11;
-    device       char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*args.nb3  + i02*args.nb2  + i01*args.nb1;
+    device const T0 * src0_ptr;
+    device       T  * dst_ptr;
 
-    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
-        const int i10 = i0%args.ne10;
-        *((device float *)(dst_ptr + i0*args.nb0)) = *((device float *)(src0_ptr + i0*args.nb00)) * *((device float *)(src1_ptr + i10*args.nb10));
-    }
-}
+    int i0;
 
-kernel void kernel_div(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device const char * src1,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig.z;
-    const int i02 = tgpig.y;
-    const int i01 = tgpig.x;
+    if (FC_CNT) {
+        i0 = tgpig.x;
 
-    const int i13 = i03%args.ne13;
-    const int i12 = i02%args.ne12;
-    const int i11 = i01%args.ne11;
+        src0_ptr = (device const T0 *) (src0);
+        dst_ptr  = (device       T  *) (dst);
+    } else {
+        const int i03 = tgpig.z;
+        const int i02 = tgpig.y;
+        const int k0  = tgpig.x/args.ne01;
+        const int i01 = tgpig.x - k0*args.ne01;
 
-    device const char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01;
-    device const char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*args.nb13 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11;
-    device       char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*args.nb3  + i02*args.nb2  + i01*args.nb1;
+        i0 = k0*ntg.x + tpitg.x;
 
-    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
-        const int i10 = i0%args.ne10;
-        *((device float *)(dst_ptr + i0*args.nb0)) = *((device float *)(src0_ptr + i0*args.nb00)) / *((device float *)(src1_ptr + i10*args.nb10));
+        src0_ptr = (device const T0 *) (src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01);
+        dst_ptr  = (device       T  *) (dst  + i03*args.nb3  + i02*args.nb2  + i01*args.nb1 );
     }
-}
 
-template<typename T>
-kernel void kernel_repeat(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_repeat & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i3 = tgpig.z;
-    const int i2 = tgpig.y;
-    const int i1 = tgpig.x;
+    {
+        //threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
 
-    const int i03 = i3%args.ne03;
-    const int i02 = i2%args.ne02;
-    const int i01 = i1%args.ne01;
+        if (!FC_CNT) {
+            if (i0 >= args.ne0) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
 
-    device const char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01;
-    device       char * dst_ptr  = dst  +  i3*args.nb3  +  i2*args.nb2  +  i1*args.nb1;
+        const TC x = (TC) src0_ptr[i0];
 
-    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
-        const int i00 = i0%args.ne00;
-        *((device T *)(dst_ptr + i0*args.nb0)) = *((device T *)(src0_ptr + i00*args.nb00));
-    }
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SCALE) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (args.scale * x + args.bias);
+        }
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_repeat<float>) kernel_repeat_t;
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_FILL) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) args.val;
+        }
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_f32")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<float>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_f16")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<half>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_i32")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<int>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_i16")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<short>;
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_CLAMP) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) clamp(x, args.min, args.max);
+        }
 
-// assumption: src1 is a row
-// broadcast src1 into src0
-kernel void kernel_add_row(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
-        device const float4 * src0,
-        device const float4 * src1,
-        device       float4 * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    const uint nb = args.ne00/4;
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] + src1[tpig % nb];
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SQR) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (x * x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_sub_row(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
-        device const float4 * src0,
-        device const float4 * src1,
-        device       float4 * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    const uint nb = args.ne00/4;
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] - src1[tpig % nb];
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SQRT) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) sqrt(x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_mul_row(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
-        device const float4 * src0,
-        device const float4 * src1,
-        device       float4 * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    const uint nb = args.ne00/4;
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] * src1[tpig % nb];
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SIN) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) sin(x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_div_row(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
-        device const float4 * src0,
-        device const float4 * src1,
-        device       float4 * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    const uint nb = args.ne00/4;
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] / src1[tpig % nb];
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_COS) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) cos(x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_scale(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        constant     float & scale,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] * scale;
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_LOG) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) log(x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_scale_4(
-        device const float4 * src0,
-        device       float4 * dst,
-        constant     float  & scale,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] * scale;
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_LEAKY_RELU) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (TC(x > 0)*x + TC(x <= 0)*(x * args.slope));
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_clamp(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        constant     float & min,
-        constant     float & max,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] < min ? min : (src0[tpig] > max ? max : src0[tpig]);
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_TANH) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) precise::tanh(x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_relu(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = max(0.0f, src0[tpig]);
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_RELU) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) fmax(0, x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_sigmoid(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = 1.0f / (1.0f + exp(-src0[tpig]));
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SIGMOID) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (1 / (1 + exp(-x)));
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_tanh(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float & x = src0[tpig];
-    dst[tpig] = precise::tanh(x);
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (0.5*x*(1 + precise::tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x*(1 + GELU_COEF_A*x*x))));
+        }
 
-constant float GELU_COEF_A     = 0.044715f;
-constant float GELU_QUICK_COEF = -1.702f;
-constant float SQRT_2_OVER_PI  = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
-constant float SQRT_2_INV      = 0.70710678118654752440084436210484f;
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU_ERF) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (0.5*x*(1 + erf_approx(SQRT_2_INV*x)));
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_gelu(
-    device const float * src0,
-    device       float * dst,
-    uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float & x = src0[tpig];
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_GELU_QUICK) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (x * (1/(1 + exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF*x))));
+        }
 
-    dst[tpig] = 0.5f*x*(1.0f + precise::tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x*x)));
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SILU) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (x / (1 + exp(-x)));
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_gelu_4(
-    device const float4 * src0,
-    device       float4 * dst,
-    uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float4 & x = src0[tpig];
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_ELU) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) elu_approx(x);
+        }
 
-    // BEWARE !!!
-    // Simply using "tanh" instead of "precise::tanh" will sometimes results in NaNs!
-    // This was observed with Falcon 7B and 40B models
-    //
-    dst[tpig] = 0.5f*x*(1.0f + precise::tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x*x)));
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_NEG) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) -x;
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_gelu_quick(
-    device const float * src0,
-    device       float * dst,
-    uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float & x = src0[tpig];
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_ABS) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) fabs(x);
+        }
 
-    dst[tpig] = x*(1.0f/(1.0f+exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF*x)));
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SGN) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = T(x > 0) - T(x < 0);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_gelu_quick_4(
-    device const float4 * src0,
-    device       float4 * dst,
-    uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float4 & x = src0[tpig];
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_STEP) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = T(x > 0);
+        }
 
-    dst[tpig] = x*(1.0f/(1.0f+exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF*x)));
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_HARDSWISH) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (x * fmax(0, fmin(1, x/6 + 0.5)));
+        }
 
-// based on Abramowitz and Stegun formula 7.1.26 or similar Hastings' approximation
-// ref: https://www.johndcook.com/blog/python_erf/
-constant float p_erf  = 0.3275911f;
-constant float a1_erf = 0.254829592f;
-constant float a2_erf = -0.284496736f;
-constant float a3_erf = 1.421413741f;
-constant float a4_erf = -1.453152027f;
-constant float a5_erf = 1.061405429f;
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_HARDSIGMOID) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) fmax(0, fmin(1, x/6 + 0.5));
+        }
 
-template<typename T>
-T erf_approx(T x) {
-    T sign_x = sign(x);
-    x = fabs(x);
-    T t = 1.0f / (1.0f + p_erf * x);
-    T y = 1.0f - (((((a5_erf * t + a4_erf) * t) + a3_erf) * t + a2_erf) * t + a1_erf) * t * exp(-x * x);
-    return sign_x * y;
-}
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_EXP) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) exp(x);
+        }
 
-kernel void kernel_gelu_erf(
-    device const float * src0,
-    device       float * dst,
-    uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float & x = src0[tpig];
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_SOFTPLUS) {
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) select(log(1 + exp(x)), x, x > 20);
+        }
+
+        if (FC_OP == OP_UNARY_NUM_EXPM1) {
+            // TODO: precise implementation
+            dst_ptr[i0] = (T) (exp(x) - 1);
+        }
+    }
 
-    dst[tpig] = 0.5f*x*(1.0f+erf_approx<float>(x*SQRT_2_INV));
+#undef FC_OP
+#undef FC_CNT
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_gelu_erf_4(
-    device const float4 * src0,
-    device       float4 * dst,
-    uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float4 & x = src0[tpig];
+typedef decltype(kernel_unary_impl<float, float, float>) kernel_unary_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_unary_f32_f32")]]   kernel kernel_unary_t kernel_unary_impl<float,  float,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_unary_f32_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_unary_t kernel_unary_impl<float4, float4, float4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_unary_f16_f16")]]   kernel kernel_unary_t kernel_unary_impl<half,   half,   float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_unary_f16_f16_4")]] kernel kernel_unary_t kernel_unary_impl<half4,  half4,  float4>;
+
+// OP: 0 - add, 1 - sub, 2 - mul, 3 - div
+constant short FC_bin_op [[function_constant(FC_BIN + 0)]];
+constant short FC_bin_f  [[function_constant(FC_BIN + 1)]];
+constant bool  FC_bin_rb [[function_constant(FC_BIN + 2)]];
+constant bool  FC_bin_cb [[function_constant(FC_BIN + 3)]];
+
+template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T>
+kernel void kernel_bin_fuse_impl(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_bin & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+#define FC_OP FC_bin_op
+#define FC_F  FC_bin_f
+#define FC_RB FC_bin_rb
+#define FC_CB FC_bin_cb
+
+    if (FC_RB) {
+        // row broadcast
+        const uint i0 = tgpig.y*args.ne00 + tgpig.x;
+        const uint i1 = FC_CB ? tgpig.x%args.ne10 : tgpig.x;
+
+        device const T0 * src0_row = (device const T0 *) (src0);
+        device       T  * dst_row  = (device       T  *) (dst);
+
+        if (FC_F == 1) {
+            device const T1 * src1_row = (device const T1 *) (src1 + args.o1[0]);
+
+            if (FC_OP == 0) {
+                dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] + src1_row[i1];
+            }
+
+            if (FC_OP == 1) {
+                dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] - src1_row[i1];
+            }
+
+            if (FC_OP == 2) {
+                dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] * src1_row[i1];
+            }
+
+            if (FC_OP == 3) {
+                dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] / src1_row[i1];
+            }
+        } else {
+            T0 res = src0_row[i0];
+
+            if (FC_OP == 0) {
+                FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                    res += ((device const T1 *) (src1 + args.o1[j]))[i1];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (FC_OP == 1) {
+                FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                    res -= ((device const T1 *) (src1 + args.o1[j]))[i1];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (FC_OP == 2) {
+                FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                    res *= ((device const T1 *) (src1 + args.o1[j]))[i1];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (FC_OP == 3) {
+                FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                    res /= ((device const T1 *) (src1 + args.o1[j]))[i1];
+                }
+            }
+
+            dst_row[i0] = res;
+        }
+    } else {
+        const int i03 = tgpig.z;
+        const int i02 = tgpig.y;
+        const int i01 = tgpig.x;
+
+        if (i01 >= args.ne01) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const int i13 = i03%args.ne13;
+        const int i12 = i02%args.ne12;
+        const int i11 = i01%args.ne11;
+
+        device const T0 * src0_ptr = (device const T0 *) (src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + args.offs);
+        device       T  * dst_ptr  = (device       T  *) (dst  + i03*args.nb3  + i02*args.nb2  + i01*args.nb1  + args.offs);
 
-    dst[tpig] = 0.5f*x*(1.0f+erf_approx<float4>(x*SQRT_2_INV));
+        if (FC_F == 1) {
+            device const T1 * src1_ptr = (device const T1 *) (src1 + args.o1[0] + i13*args.nb13 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11);
+
+            for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
+                const int i10 = FC_CB ? i0%args.ne10 : i0;
+
+                if (FC_OP == 0) {
+                    dst_ptr[i0] = src0_ptr[i0] + src1_ptr[i10];
+                }
+
+                if (FC_OP == 1) {
+                    dst_ptr[i0] = src0_ptr[i0] - src1_ptr[i10];
+                }
+
+                if (FC_OP == 2) {
+                    dst_ptr[i0] = src0_ptr[i0] * src1_ptr[i10];
+                }
+
+                if (FC_OP == 3) {
+                    dst_ptr[i0] = src0_ptr[i0] / src1_ptr[i10];
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            device const T1 * src1_ptr[8];
+            FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                src1_ptr[j] = (device const T1 *) (src1 + args.o1[j] + i13*args.nb13 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11);
+            }
+
+            for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
+                const int i10 = FC_CB ? i0%args.ne10 : i0;
+
+                T res = src0_ptr[i0];
+
+                if (FC_OP == 0) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                        res += src1_ptr[j][i10];
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (FC_OP == 1) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                        res -= src1_ptr[j][i10];
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (FC_OP == 2) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                        res *= src1_ptr[j][i10];
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (FC_OP == 3) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < FC_F; ++j) {
+                        res /= src1_ptr[j][i10];
+                    }
+                }
+
+                dst_ptr[i0] = res;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#undef FC_OP
+#undef FC_F
+#undef FC_RB
+#undef FC_CB
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_silu(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float & x = src0[tpig];
-    dst[tpig] = x / (1.0f + exp(-x));
+typedef decltype(kernel_bin_fuse_impl<float, float, float>) kernel_bin_fuse_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_bin_fuse_f32_f32_f32")]]   kernel kernel_bin_fuse_t kernel_bin_fuse_impl<float,  float,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_bin_fuse_f32_f32_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_bin_fuse_t kernel_bin_fuse_impl<float4, float4, float4>;
+
+kernel void kernel_add_id(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_add_id & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device const char * src2,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int i1 = tgpig.x;
+    const int i2 = tgpig.y;
+
+    const int i11 = *((device const int32_t *) (src2 + i1*sizeof(int32_t) + i2*args.nb21));
+
+    const size_t nb1 = args.ne0 * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t nb2 = args.ne1 * nb1;
+
+    device       float * dst_row  = (device       float *)((device char *)dst  +  i1*nb1       + i2*nb2);
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *)((device char *)src0 +  i1*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb02);
+    device const float * src1_row = (device const float *)((device char *)src1 + i11*args.nb11);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
+        dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] + src1_row[i0];
+    }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_silu_4(
-        device const float4 * src0,
-        device       float4 * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float4 & x = src0[tpig];
-    dst[tpig] = x / (1.0f + exp(-x));
+template<typename T>
+kernel void kernel_repeat(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_repeat & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int i3 = tgpig.z;
+    const int i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int i1 = tgpig.x;
+
+    const int i03 = i3%args.ne03;
+    const int i02 = i2%args.ne02;
+    const int i01 = i1%args.ne01;
+
+    device const char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01;
+    device       char * dst_ptr  = dst  +  i3*args.nb3  +  i2*args.nb2  +  i1*args.nb1;
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
+        const int i00 = i0%args.ne00;
+        *((device T *)(dst_ptr + i0*args.nb0)) = *((device T *)(src0_ptr + i00*args.nb00));
+    }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_elu(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    device const float & x = src0[tpig];
-    dst[tpig] = (x > 0.0f) ? x : (exp(x) - 1.0f);
+typedef decltype(kernel_repeat<float>) kernel_repeat_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_f32")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_f16")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<half>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_i32")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<int>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_repeat_i16")]] kernel kernel_repeat_t kernel_repeat<short>;
+
+kernel void kernel_reglu_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_glu & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + tgpig*args.nb01) + args.i00;
+    device const float * src1_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + tgpig*args.nb11) + args.i10;
+    device       float * dst_row  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + tgpig*args.nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        dst_row[i0] = x0*x1*(x0 > 0.0f);
+    }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_sqr(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] * src0[tpig];
+kernel void kernel_geglu_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_glu & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + tgpig*args.nb01) + args.i00;
+    device const float * src1_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + tgpig*args.nb11) + args.i10;
+    device       float * dst_row  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + tgpig*args.nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float gelu = 0.5f*x0*(1.0f + precise::tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x0*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x0*x0)));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu*x1;
+    }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_sqrt(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = sqrt(src0[tpig]);
+kernel void kernel_swiglu_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_glu & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + tgpig*args.nb01) + args.i00;
+    device const float * src1_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + tgpig*args.nb11) + args.i10;
+    device       float * dst_row  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + tgpig*args.nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float silu = x0 / (1.0f + exp(-x0));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = silu*x1;
+    }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_sin(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = sin(src0[tpig]);
+kernel void kernel_swiglu_oai_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_glu & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + tgpig*args.nb01) + args.i00;
+    device const float * src1_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + tgpig*args.nb11) + args.i10;
+    device       float * dst_row  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + tgpig*args.nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg) {
+        float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        x0 = min(x0, args.limit);
+        x1 = max(min(x1, args.limit), -args.limit);
+
+        float out_glu = x0 / (1.0f + exp(-x0 * args.alpha));
+        out_glu = out_glu * (1.0f + x1);
+
+        dst_row[i0] = out_glu;
+    }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_cos(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = cos(src0[tpig]);
+kernel void kernel_geglu_erf_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_glu & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + tgpig*args.nb01) + args.i00;
+    device const float * src1_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + tgpig*args.nb11) + args.i10;
+    device       float * dst_row  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + tgpig*args.nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float gelu_erf = 0.5f*x0*(1.0f+erf_approx<float>(x0*SQRT_2_INV));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu_erf*x1;
+    }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_neg(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = -src0[tpig];
+kernel void kernel_geglu_quick_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_glu & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + tgpig*args.nb01) + args.i00;
+    device const float * src1_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + tgpig*args.nb11) + args.i10;
+    device       float * dst_row  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + tgpig*args.nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float gelu_quick = x0*(1.0f/(1.0f+exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF*x0)));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu_quick*x1;
+    }
 }
 
-template <bool norm>
-kernel void kernel_sum_rows(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_sum_rows & args,
+kernel void kernel_op_sum_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_sum & args,
         device const float * src0,
         device       float * dst,
         threadgroup  float * shmem_f32 [[threadgroup(0)]],
@@ -1004,22 +1473,74 @@ kernel void kernel_sum_rows(
         ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
         ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    int64_t i3 = tgpig.z;
-    int64_t i2 = tgpig.y;
-    int64_t i1 = tgpig.x;
 
-    if (i3 >= args.ne03 || i2 >= args.ne02 || i1 >= args.ne01) {
+    if (args.np == 0) {
         return;
     }
 
+    // TODO: become function constant
+    const uint nsg = (ntg.x + 31) / 32;
+
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    for (uint64_t i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.np; i0 += ntg.x) {
+        sumf += src0[i0];
+    }
+
+    sumf = simd_sum(sumf);
+
+    if (tiisg == 0) {
+        shmem_f32[sgitg] = sumf;
+    }
+
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    float total = 0;
+
     if (sgitg == 0) {
-        shmem_f32[tiisg] = 0.0f;
+        float v = 0;
+
+        if (tpitg.x < nsg) {
+            v = shmem_f32[tpitg.x];
+        }
+
+        total = simd_sum(v);
+
+        if (tpitg.x == 0) {
+            dst[0] = total;
+        }
     }
+}
 
-    device const float * src_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + i1*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb02 + i3*args.nb03);
-    device       float * dst_row = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + i1*args.nb1  + i2*args.nb2  + i3*args.nb3);
+constant short FC_sum_rows_op [[function_constant(FC_SUM_ROWS + 0)]];
 
-    float sumf = 0;
+template <typename T0, typename T>
+kernel void kernel_sum_rows_impl(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_sum_rows & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+#define FC_OP  FC_sum_rows_op
+
+    const int i3 = tgpig.z;
+    const int i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int i1 = tgpig.x;
+
+    threadgroup T0 * shmem_t = (threadgroup T0 *) shmem;
+
+    if (sgitg == 0) {
+        shmem_t[tiisg] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    device const T0 * src_row = (device const T0 *) (src0 + i1*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb02 + i3*args.nb03);
+    device       T  * dst_row = (device       T  *) (dst  + i1*args.nb1  + i2*args.nb2  + i3*args.nb3);
+
+    T0 sumf = T0(0.0f);
 
     for (int64_t i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne00; i0 += ntg.x) {
         sumf += src_row[i0];
@@ -1030,49 +1551,245 @@ kernel void kernel_sum_rows(
     threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
     if (tiisg == 0) {
-        shmem_f32[sgitg] = sumf;
+        shmem_t[sgitg] = sumf;
     }
 
     threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-    sumf = shmem_f32[tiisg];
+    sumf = shmem_t[tiisg];
     sumf = simd_sum(sumf);
 
     if (tpitg.x == 0) {
-        dst_row[0] = norm ? sumf / args.ne00 : sumf;
+        if (FC_OP == OP_SUM_ROWS_NUM_MEAN) {
+            if (is_same<float4, T0>::value) {
+                dst_row[0] = sum(sumf) / (4*args.ne00);
+            } else {
+                dst_row[0] = sum(sumf) / args.ne00;
+            }
+        } else {
+            dst_row[0] = sum(sumf);
+        }
     }
+
+#undef FC_OP
+}
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_sum_rows_impl<float, float>) kernel_sum_rows_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_sum_rows_f32_f32")]]   kernel kernel_sum_rows_t kernel_sum_rows_impl<float,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_sum_rows_f32_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_sum_rows_t kernel_sum_rows_impl<float4, float>;
+
+template<typename T>
+kernel void kernel_cumsum_blk(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_cumsum_blk & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device       char * tmp,
+        device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int ib = tgpig[0]/args.ne01;
+
+    const int i00 = ib*ntg.x;
+    const int i01 = tgpig[0]%args.ne01;
+    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
+    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
+
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) (src0 +
+            args.nb01*i01 +
+            args.nb02*i02 +
+            args.nb03*i03);
+
+    threadgroup float * shmem_f32 = (threadgroup float *) shmem;
+
+    float v = 0.0f;
+
+    if (i00 + tpitg.x < args.ne00) {
+        v = src0_row[i00 + tpitg.x];
+    }
+
+    float s = simd_prefix_inclusive_sum(v);
+
+    if (tiisg == N_SIMDWIDTH - 1) {
+        shmem_f32[sgitg] = s;
+    }
+
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    if (sgitg == 0) {
+        shmem_f32[tiisg] = simd_prefix_exclusive_sum(shmem_f32[tiisg]);
+    }
+
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    s += shmem_f32[sgitg];
+
+    device float * dst_row = (device float *) dst +
+        args.ne00*i01 +
+        args.ne00*args.ne01*i02 +
+        args.ne00*args.ne01*args.ne02*i03;
+
+    if (i00 + tpitg.x < args.ne00) {
+        dst_row[i00 + tpitg.x] = s;
+    }
+
+    if (args.outb && tpitg.x == ntg.x - 1) {
+        device float * tmp_row = (device float *) tmp +
+            args.net0*i01 +
+            args.net0*args.net1*i02 +
+            args.net0*args.net1*args.net2*i03;
+
+        tmp_row[ib] = s;
+    }
+}
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_cumsum_blk<float>) kernel_cumsum_blk_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_cumsum_blk_f32")]] kernel kernel_cumsum_blk_t kernel_cumsum_blk<float>;
+
+template<typename T>
+kernel void kernel_cumsum_add(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_cumsum_add & args,
+        device const char * tmp,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int ib = tgpig[0]/args.ne01;
+
+    if (ib == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int i00 = ib*ntg.x;
+    const int i01 = tgpig[0]%args.ne01;
+    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
+    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
+
+    device const float * tmp_row = (device const float *) (tmp +
+            args.nbt1*i01 +
+            args.nbt2*i02 +
+            args.nbt3*i03);
+
+    device float * dst_row = (device float *) dst +
+        args.ne00*i01 +
+        args.ne00*args.ne01*i02 +
+        args.ne00*args.ne01*args.ne02*i03;
+
+    if (i00 + tpitg.x < args.ne00) {
+        dst_row[i00 + tpitg.x] += tmp_row[ib - 1];
+    }
+}
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_cumsum_add<float>) kernel_cumsum_add_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_cumsum_add_f32")]] kernel kernel_cumsum_add_t kernel_cumsum_add<float>;
+
+
+template<uint32_t ttype>
+bool _ggml_vec_tri_cmp(const int i, const int r);
+
+template<>
+bool _ggml_vec_tri_cmp</* GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER */ 3>(const int i, const int r) {
+    return i < r;
+}
+
+template<>
+bool _ggml_vec_tri_cmp</* GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG */ 2>(const int i, const int r) {
+    return i <= r;
 }
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_sum_rows<false>) kernel_sum_rows_t;
+template<>
+bool _ggml_vec_tri_cmp</* GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER */ 1>(const int i, const int r) {
+    return i > r;
+}
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_sum_rows")]] kernel kernel_sum_rows_t kernel_sum_rows<false>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mean")]]     kernel kernel_sum_rows_t kernel_sum_rows<true>;
+template<>
+bool _ggml_vec_tri_cmp</* GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER_DIAG */ 0>(const int i, const int r) {
+    return i >= r;
+}
+
+template<typename T, int ttype>
+kernel void kernel_tri(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_tri & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int i3 = tgpig.z;
+    const int i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int i1 = tgpig.x;
+
+    if (i3 >= args.ne03 || i2 >= args.ne02 || i1 >= args.ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    device const T * src_row = (device const T *) ((device const char *) src0 + i1*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb02 + i3*args.nb03);
+    device       T * dst_row = (device       T *) ((device       char *) dst  + i1*args.nb1  + i2*args.nb2  + i3*args.nb3);
+
+    // Each thread is a single element of the row if ne00 < max threads per
+    // threadgroup, so this will loop once for each index that this thread is
+    // responsible for
+    for (int64_t i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne00; i0 += ntg.x) {
+        // Use the comparison as a mask for branchless
+        dst_row[i0] = static_cast<T>(_ggml_vec_tri_cmp<ttype>(i0, i1)) * src_row[i0];
+    }
+}
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_tri<float, 0>) kernel_tri_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f32_0")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<float, 0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f32_1")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<float, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f32_2")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<float, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f32_3")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<float, 3>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f16_0")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<half, 0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f16_1")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<half, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f16_2")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<half, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_f16_3")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<half, 3>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_bf16_0")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<bfloat, 0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_bf16_1")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<bfloat, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_bf16_2")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<bfloat, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_tri_bf16_3")]] kernel kernel_tri_t kernel_tri<bfloat, 3>;
+#endif
 
 template<typename T>
 kernel void kernel_soft_max(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_soft_max & args,
         device const  char * src0,
         device const  char * src1,
+        device const  char * src2,
         device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_soft_max & args,
         threadgroup  float * buf [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint  tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
         uint  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
         uint  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
-        uint    ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int64_t i03 = (tgpig) / (args.ne02*args.ne01);
-    const int64_t i02 = (tgpig - i03*args.ne02*args.ne01) / args.ne01;
-    const int64_t i01 = (tgpig - i03*args.ne02*args.ne01 - i02*args.ne01);
+        uint3  tptg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int32_t i03 = tgpig.z;
+    const int32_t i02 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i01 = tgpig.x;
+
+    const int32_t i13 = i03%args.ne13;
+    const int32_t i12 = i02%args.ne12;
+    const int32_t i11 = i01;
 
-    device const float * psrc0 = (device const float *) src0 + (i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00);
-    device const     T * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (device const    T *) src1         + i01*args.ne00 : nullptr;
-    device       float * pdst  = (device       float *) dst  + (i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00);
+    device const float * psrc0 =                (device const float *) (src0 + i01*args.nb01 + i02*args.nb02 + i03*args.nb03);
+    device const     T * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (device const T *    ) (src1 + i11*args.nb11 + i12*args.nb12 + i13*args.nb13) : nullptr;
+    device const float * psrc2 = src2 != src0 ? (device const float *) (src2)                                                 : nullptr;
+    device       float * pdst  =                (device       float *) (dst  + i01*args.nb1  + i02*args.nb2  + i03*args.nb3);
 
     float slope = 1.0f;
 
     // ALiBi
     if (args.max_bias > 0.0f) {
-        const int64_t h = i02;
+        const int32_t h = i02;
 
         const float base = h < args.n_head_log2 ? args.m0 : args.m1;
         const int   exp  = h < args.n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - args.n_head_log2) + 1;
@@ -1081,15 +1798,15 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max(
     }
 
     // parallel max
-    float lmax = -INFINITY;
+    float lmax = psrc2 ? psrc2[i02] : -INFINITY;
 
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += tptg.x) {
         lmax = MAX(lmax, psrc0[i00]*args.scale + (pmask ? slope*pmask[i00] : 0.0f));
     }
 
     // find the max value in the block
     float max_val = simd_max(lmax);
-    if (ntg > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
+    if (tptg.x > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
         if (sgitg == 0) {
             buf[tiisg] = -INFINITY;
         }
@@ -1108,7 +1825,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max(
 
     // parallel sum
     float lsum = 0.0f;
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += tptg.x) {
         const float exp_psrc0 = exp((psrc0[i00]*args.scale + (pmask ? slope*pmask[i00] : 0.0f)) - max_val);
         lsum += exp_psrc0;
         pdst[i00] = exp_psrc0;
@@ -1120,7 +1837,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max(
 
     float sum = simd_sum(lsum);
 
-    if (ntg > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
+    if (tptg.x > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
         if (sgitg == 0) {
             buf[tiisg] = 0.0f;
         }
@@ -1137,37 +1854,47 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max(
         sum = simd_sum(sum);
     }
 
+    if (psrc2) {
+        sum += exp(psrc2[i02] - max_val);
+    }
+
     const float inv_sum = 1.0f/sum;
 
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += tptg.x) {
         pdst[i00] *= inv_sum;
     }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
 kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_soft_max & args,
         device const  char * src0,
         device const  char * src1,
+        device const  char * src2,
         device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_soft_max & args,
         threadgroup  float * buf [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint  tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
         uint  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
         uint  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
-        uint    ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int64_t i03 = (tgpig) / (args.ne02*args.ne01);
-    const int64_t i02 = (tgpig - i03*args.ne02*args.ne01) / args.ne01;
-    const int64_t i01 = (tgpig - i03*args.ne02*args.ne01 - i02*args.ne01);
+        uint3  tptg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int32_t i03 = tgpig.z;
+    const int32_t i02 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i01 = tgpig.x;
+
+    const int32_t i13 = i03%args.ne13;
+    const int32_t i12 = i02%args.ne12;
+    const int32_t i11 = i01;
 
-    device const float4 * psrc4 = (device const float4 *) src0 + (i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00)/4;
-    device const      T * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (device const     T *) src1         + i01*args.ne00/4 : nullptr;
-    device       float4 * pdst4 = (device       float4 *) dst  + (i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00)/4;
+    device const float4 * psrc4 =                (device const float4 *) (src0 + i01*args.nb01 + i02*args.nb02 + i03*args.nb03);
+    device const      T * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (device const T *     ) (src1 + i11*args.nb11 + i12*args.nb12 + i13*args.nb13) : nullptr;
+    device const float *  psrc2 = src2 != src0 ? (device const float * ) (src2)                                                 : nullptr;
+    device       float4 * pdst4 =                (device       float4 *) (dst  + i01*args.nb1  + i02*args.nb2  + i03*args.nb3);
 
     float slope = 1.0f;
 
     if (args.max_bias > 0.0f) {
-        const int64_t h = i02;
+        const int32_t h = i02;
 
         const float base = h < args.n_head_log2 ? args.m0 : args.m1;
         const int   exp  = h < args.n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - args.n_head_log2) + 1;
@@ -1176,16 +1903,16 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
     }
 
     // parallel max
-    float4 lmax4 = -INFINITY;
+    float4 lmax4 = psrc2 ? psrc2[i02] : -INFINITY;
 
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00/4; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00/4; i00 += tptg.x) {
         lmax4 = fmax(lmax4, psrc4[i00]*args.scale + (float4)((pmask ? slope*pmask[i00] : 0.0f)));
     }
 
     const float lmax = MAX(MAX(lmax4[0], lmax4[1]), MAX(lmax4[2], lmax4[3]));
 
     float max_val = simd_max(lmax);
-    if (ntg > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
+    if (tptg.x > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
         if (sgitg == 0) {
             buf[tiisg] = -INFINITY;
         }
@@ -1204,7 +1931,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
 
     // parallel sum
     float4 lsum4 = 0.0f;
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00/4; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00/4; i00 += tptg.x) {
         const float4 exp_psrc4 = exp((psrc4[i00]*args.scale + (float4)((pmask ? slope*pmask[i00] : 0.0f))) - max_val);
         lsum4 += exp_psrc4;
         pdst4[i00] = exp_psrc4;
@@ -1218,7 +1945,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
 
     float sum = simd_sum(lsum);
 
-    if (ntg > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
+    if (tptg.x > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
         if (sgitg == 0) {
             buf[tiisg] = 0.0f;
         }
@@ -1235,9 +1962,13 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
         sum = simd_sum(sum);
     }
 
+    if (psrc2) {
+        sum += exp(psrc2[i02] - max_val);
+    }
+
     const float inv_sum = 1.0f/sum;
 
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00/4; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00/4; i00 += tptg.x) {
         pdst4[i00] *= inv_sum;
     }
 }
@@ -1250,128 +1981,282 @@ template [[host_name("kernel_soft_max_f32")]]   kernel kernel_soft_max_t   kerne
 template [[host_name("kernel_soft_max_f16_4")]] kernel kernel_soft_max_4_t kernel_soft_max_4<half4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_soft_max_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_soft_max_4_t kernel_soft_max_4<float4>;
 
-kernel void kernel_diag_mask_inf(
-        device const float * src0,
+// ref: ggml.c:ggml_compute_forward_ssm_conv_f32
+kernel void kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_conv & args,
+        device const  void * src0,
+        device const  void * src1,
         device       float * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_diag_mask_inf & args,
-        uint3 tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    const int64_t i02 = tpig[2];
-    const int64_t i01 = tpig[1];
-    const int64_t i00 = tpig[0];
-
-    if (i00 > args.n_past + i01) {
-        dst[i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00 + i00] = -INFINITY;
-    } else {
-        dst[i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00 + i00] = src0[i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00 + i00];
+        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int64_t ir = tgpig.x;
+    const int64_t i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int64_t i3 = tgpig.z;
+
+    const int64_t nc  = args.ne10;
+  //const int64_t ncs = args.ne00;
+  //const int64_t nr  = args.ne01;
+  //const int64_t n_t = args.ne1;
+  //const int64_t n_s = args.ne2;
+
+    device const float * s = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + ir*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb00 + i3*args.nb02);
+    device const float * c = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + ir*args.nb11);
+    device       float * x = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + ir*args.nb0  + i2*args.nb1  + i3*args.nb2);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
+        sumf += s[i0] * c[i0];
+    }
+
+    x[0] = sumf;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_4(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_conv & args,
+        device const  void * src0,
+        device const  void * src1,
+        device       float * dst,
+        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int64_t ir = tgpig.x;
+    const int64_t i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int64_t i3 = tgpig.z;
+
+    const int64_t nc  = args.ne10;
+  //const int64_t ncs = args.ne00;
+  //const int64_t nr  = args.ne01;
+  //const int64_t n_t = args.ne1;
+  //const int64_t n_s = args.ne2;
+
+    device const float4 * s = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) src0 + ir*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb00 + i3*args.nb02);
+    device const float4 * c = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) src1 + ir*args.nb11);
+    device       float  * x = (device       float  *) ((device       char *) dst  + ir*args.nb0  + i2*args.nb1  + i3*args.nb2);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < nc/4; ++i0) {
+        sumf += dot(s[i0], c[i0]);
     }
+
+    x[0] = sumf;
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_diag_mask_inf_8(
-        device const float4 * src0,
-        device       float4 * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_diag_mask_inf & args,
-        uint3 tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
+constant short FC_ssm_conv_bs   [[function_constant(FC_SSM_CONV + 0)]];
 
-    const int64_t i = 2*tpig[0];
+// Batched version: each threadgroup processes multiple tokens for better efficiency
+// Thread layout: each thread handles one token, threadgroup covers BATCH_SIZE tokens
+kernel void kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_batched(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_conv & args,
+        device const  void * src0,
+        device const  void * src1,
+        device       float * dst,
+        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    // tgpig.x = row index (ir)
+    // tgpig.y = batch of tokens (i2_base / BATCH_SIZE)
+    // tgpig.z = sequence index (i3)
+    // tpitg.x = thread within batch (0..BATCH_SIZE-1)
+    const short BATCH_SIZE = FC_ssm_conv_bs;
+
+    const int64_t ir      = tgpig.x;
+    const int64_t i2_base = tgpig.y * BATCH_SIZE;
+    const int64_t i3      = tgpig.z;
+    const int64_t i2_off  = tpitg.x;
+    const int64_t i2      = i2_base + i2_off;
+
+    const int64_t nc  = args.ne10;  // conv kernel size (typically 4)
+    const int64_t n_t = args.ne1;   // number of tokens
+
+    // Bounds check for partial batches at the end
+    if (i2 >= n_t) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    dst[i+0] = src0[i+0];
-    dst[i+1] = src0[i+1];
-    int64_t i4 = 4*i;
-    const int64_t i02 = i4/(args.ne00*args.ne01); i4 -= i02*args.ne00*args.ne01;
-    const int64_t i01 = i4/(args.ne00);      i4 -= i01*args.ne00;
-    const int64_t i00 = i4;
-    for (int k = 3; k >= 0; --k) {
-        if (i00 + 4 + k <= args.n_past + i01) {
-            break;
-        }
-        dst[i+1][k] = -INFINITY;
-        if (i00 + k > args.n_past + i01) {
-            dst[i][k] = -INFINITY;
-        }
+    // Load conv weights (shared across all tokens for this row)
+    device const float * c = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + ir*args.nb11);
+
+    // Load source for this specific token
+    device const float * s = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + ir*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb00 + i3*args.nb02);
+
+    // Output location for this token
+    device float * x = (device float *) ((device char *) dst + ir*args.nb0 + i2*args.nb1 + i3*args.nb2);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
+        sumf += s[i0] * c[i0];
     }
+
+    x[0] = sumf;
 }
 
-// ref: ggml.c:ggml_compute_forward_ssm_conv_f32
-kernel void kernel_ssm_conv_f32(
+kernel void kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_batched_4(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_conv & args,
         device const  void * src0,
         device const  void * src1,
         device       float * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_conv & args,
         uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
         uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int64_t ir = tgpig.x;
-    const int64_t i2 = tgpig.y;
-    const int64_t i3 = tgpig.z;
+    // tgpig.x = row index (ir)
+    // tgpig.y = batch of tokens (i2_base / BATCH_SIZE)
+    // tgpig.z = sequence index (i3)
+    // tpitg.x = thread within batch (0..BATCH_SIZE-1)
+    const short BATCH_SIZE = FC_ssm_conv_bs;
+
+    const int64_t ir      = tgpig.x;
+    const int64_t i2_base = tgpig.y * BATCH_SIZE;
+    const int64_t i3      = tgpig.z;
+    const int64_t i2_off  = tpitg.x;
+    const int64_t i2      = i2_base + i2_off;
+
+    const int64_t nc  = args.ne10;  // conv kernel size (typically 4)
+    const int64_t n_t = args.ne1;   // number of tokens
+
+    // Bounds check for partial batches at the end
+    if (i2 >= n_t) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    const int64_t nc  = args.ne10;
-  //const int64_t ncs = args.ne00;
-  //const int64_t nr  = args.ne01;
-  //const int64_t n_t = args.ne1;
-  //const int64_t n_s = args.ne2;
+    // Load conv weights (shared across all tokens for this row)
+    device const float4 * c = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) src1 + ir*args.nb11);
 
-    device const float * s = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + ir*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb00 + i3*args.nb02);
-    device const float * c = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + ir*args.nb11);
-    device       float * x = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + ir*args.nb0  + i2*args.nb1  + i3*args.nb2);
+    // Load source for this specific token
+    device const float4 * s = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) src0 + ir*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb00 + i3*args.nb02);
 
-    float sumf = 0.0f;
+    // Output location for this token
+    device float * x = (device float *) ((device char *) dst + ir*args.nb0 + i2*args.nb1 + i3*args.nb2);
 
-    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
-        sumf += s[i0] * c[i0];
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+    for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < nc/4; ++i0) {
+        sumf += dot(s[i0], c[i0]);
     }
 
     x[0] = sumf;
 }
 
-// ref: ggml.c:ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32
+// ref: ggml.c:ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32, Mamba-2 part
+// Optimized version: reduces redundant memory loads by having one thread load shared values
 kernel void kernel_ssm_scan_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_scan & args,
         device const void * src0,
         device const void * src1,
         device const void * src2,
         device const void * src3,
         device const void * src4,
         device const void * src5,
+        device const void * src6,
         device      float * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_ssm_scan & args,
-        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int64_t ir = tgpig.x;
-    const int64_t i3 = tgpig.y;
-
-    const int64_t nc  = args.d_state;
-    // const int64_t nr  = args.d_inner;
-    const int64_t n_t = args.n_seq_tokens;
-    // const int64_t n_s = args.n_seqs;
-
-    for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < n_t; ++i2) {
-        device const float * s0 = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + ir*args.nb01 + i3*args.nb02);
-        device const float * x  = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src1 + ir*args.nb10 + i2*args.nb11 + i3*args.nb12);
-        device const float * dt = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src2 + ir*args.nb20 + i2*args.nb21 + i3*args.nb22);
-        device const float * A  = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src3 + ir*args.nb31);
-        device const float * B  = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src4 + i2*args.nb41 + i3*args.nb42);
-        device const float * C  = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src5 + i2*args.nb51 + i3*args.nb52);
-        device       float * y  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + ir*args.nb10 + i2*args.nb11 + i3*args.nb12); // TODO: do not use src1 strides
-        device       float * s  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + ir*args.nb01 + i3*args.nb02 +    args.nb13);
-
-        if (i2 > 0) {
+        threadgroup float * shared [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort  sgptg[[simdgroups_per_threadgroup]],
+        uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]) {
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+
+    // Shared memory layout:
+    // [0..sgptg*NW-1]: partial sums for reduction (existing)
+    // [sgptg*NW..sgptg*NW+sgptg-1]: pre-computed x_dt values for each token in batch
+    // [sgptg*NW+sgptg..sgptg*NW+2*sgptg-1]: pre-computed dA values for each token in batch
+    threadgroup float * shared_sums = shared;
+    threadgroup float * shared_x_dt = shared + sgptg * NW;
+    threadgroup float * shared_dA   = shared + sgptg * NW + sgptg;
+
+    shared_sums[tpitg.x] = 0.0f;
+
+    const int32_t i0 = tpitg.x;
+    const int32_t i1 = tgpig.x;
+    const int32_t ir = tgpig.y; // current head
+    const int32_t i3 = tgpig.z; // current seq
+
+    const int32_t nc  = args.d_state;
+    const int32_t nr  = args.d_inner;
+    const int32_t nh  = args.n_head;
+    const int32_t ng  = args.n_group;
+    const int32_t n_t = args.n_seq_tokens;
+
+    const int32_t s_off = args.s_off;
+
+    device const int32_t * ids = (device const int32_t *) src6;
+
+    device const float * s0_buff = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + ir*args.nb02 + ids[i3]*args.nb03);
+    device       float * s_buff  = (device       float *) ((device       char *) dst  + ir*args.nb02 +      i3*args.nb03 + s_off);
+
+    const int32_t i = i0 + i1*nc;
+    const int32_t g = ir / (nh / ng); // repeat_interleave
+
+    float s0 = s0_buff[i];
+    float s  = 0.0f;
+
+    device const float * A = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src3 + ir*args.nb31); // {ne30, nh}
+
+    const float A0 = A[i0%args.ne30];
+
+    device const float * x  = (device const float *)((device const char *) src1 + i1*args.nb10  + ir*args.nb11 + i3*args.nb13); // {dim, nh, nt, ns}
+    device const float * dt = (device const float *)((device const char *) src2 + ir*args.nb20  + i3*args.nb22);                // {nh, nt, ns}
+    device const float * B  = (device const float *)((device const char *) src4 +  g*args.nb41  + i3*args.nb43);                // {d_state, ng, nt, ns}
+    device const float * C  = (device const float *)((device const char *) src5 +  g*args.nb51  + i3*args.nb53);                // {d_state, ng, nt, ns}
+
+    device float * y = dst + (i1 + ir*(nr) + i3*(n_t*nh*nr)); // {dim, nh, nt, ns}
+
+    for (int i2 = 0; i2 < n_t; i2 += sgptg) {
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+        // Pre-compute x_dt and dA for this batch of tokens
+        // Only first sgptg threads do the loads and expensive math
+        if (i0 < sgptg && i2 + i0 < n_t) {
+            // ns12 and ns21 are element strides (nb12/nb10, nb21/nb20)
+            device const float * x_t  = x  + i0 * args.ns12;
+            device const float * dt_t = dt + i0 * args.ns21;
+
+            const float dt0  = dt_t[0];
+            const float dtsp = dt0 <= 20.0f ? log(1.0f + exp(dt0)) : dt0;
+            shared_x_dt[i0] = x_t[0] * dtsp;
+            shared_dA[i0]   = dtsp;  // Store dtsp, compute exp(dtsp * A0) per-thread since A0 varies
+        }
+
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+        for (int t = 0; t < sgptg && i2 + t < n_t; t++) {
+            const float x_dt = shared_x_dt[t];
+            const float dA   = exp(shared_dA[t] * A0);
+
+            s = (s0 * dA) + (B[i0] * x_dt);
+
+            const float sumf = simd_sum(s * C[i0]);
+
+            if (tiisg == 0) {
+                shared_sums[t*NW + sgitg] = sumf;
+            }
+
+            // recurse
             s0 = s;
+
+            B  += args.ns42;
+            C  += args.ns52;
         }
 
-        // i1 == 0
-        float dt_soft_plus = dt[0] <= 20.0f ? log(1.0f + exp(dt[0])) : dt[0];
-        float x_dt = x[0] * dt_soft_plus;
-        float sumf = 0.0f;
+        // Advance pointers for next batch
+        x  += sgptg * args.ns12;
+        dt += sgptg * args.ns21;
+
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+        const float sumf = simd_sum(shared_sums[sgitg*NW + tiisg]);
 
-        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
-            int64_t i = i0;
-            float state = (s0[i] * exp(dt_soft_plus * A[i])) + (B[i0] * x_dt);
-            sumf += state * C[i0];
-            s[i] = state;
+        if (tiisg == 0 && i2 + sgitg < n_t) {
+            y[sgitg*nh*nr] = sumf;
         }
 
-        y[0] = sumf;
+        y += sgptg*nh*nr;
     }
+
+    s_buff[i] = s;
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_rwkv_wkv6_f32(
@@ -1440,136 +2325,430 @@ kernel void kernel_rwkv_wkv6_f32(
 
             float4 kv = k_vec * v_val;
 
-            float4 temp = tf_vec * kv + s_vec;
-            y += dot(r_vec, temp);
+            float4 temp = tf_vec * kv + s_vec;
+            y += dot(r_vec, temp);
+
+            s_vec = s_vec * td_vec + kv;
+            state[j]   = s_vec[0];
+            state[j+1] = s_vec[1];
+            state[j+2] = s_vec[2];
+            state[j+3] = s_vec[3];
+        }
+
+        dst[t] = y;
+    }
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < head_size; i++) {
+        dst[T * C + batch_id * state_size + head_id * head_size * head_size
+            + i * head_size + tid] = state[i];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_rwkv_wkv7_f32(
+    device const float * r,
+    device const float * w,
+    device const float * k,
+    device const float * v,
+    device const float * a,
+    device const float * b,
+    device const float * state_in,
+    device       float * dst,
+    constant    uint & B,
+    constant    uint & T,
+    constant    uint & C,
+    constant    uint & H,
+    uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+    uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+    uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]])  {
+
+    const uint head_size = 64; // TODO: support head_size = 128
+    const uint batch_id = tgpig.x / H;
+    const uint head_id = tgpig.x % H;
+    const uint tid = tpitg.x;
+
+    if (batch_id >= B || head_id >= H) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint state_size = C * head_size;
+    const uint n_seq_tokens = T / B;
+
+    threadgroup float _r[head_size];
+    threadgroup float _w[head_size];
+    threadgroup float _k[head_size];
+    threadgroup float _a[head_size];
+    threadgroup float _b[head_size];
+
+    float state[head_size];
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < head_size; i++) {
+        state[i] = state_in[batch_id * state_size + head_id * head_size * head_size
+                          + tid * head_size + i];
+    }
+
+    const uint start_t = batch_id * n_seq_tokens * C + head_id * head_size + tid;
+    const uint end_t = (batch_id + 1) * n_seq_tokens * C + head_id * head_size + tid;
+
+    for (uint t = start_t; t < end_t; t += C) {
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+        _r[tid] = r[t];
+        _w[tid] = w[t];
+        _k[tid] = k[t];
+        _a[tid] = a[t];
+        _b[tid] = b[t];
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+        const float v_val = v[t];
+        float y = 0.0, sa = 0.0;
+
+        float4 sa_vec(0.0);
+
+        for (uint j = 0; j < head_size; j += 4) {
+            float4 a_vec = float4(_a[j], _a[j+1], _a[j+2], _a[j+3]);
+            float4 s_vec = float4(state[j], state[j+1], state[j+2], state[j+3]);
+            sa_vec += a_vec * s_vec;
+        }
+        sa = sa_vec[0] + sa_vec[1] + sa_vec[2] + sa_vec[3];
+
+        for (uint j = 0; j < head_size; j += 4) {
+            float4 r_vec = float4(_r[j], _r[j+1], _r[j+2], _r[j+3]);
+            float4 w_vec = float4(_w[j], _w[j+1], _w[j+2], _w[j+3]);
+            float4 k_vec = float4(_k[j], _k[j+1], _k[j+2], _k[j+3]);
+            float4 b_vec = float4(_b[j], _b[j+1], _b[j+2], _b[j+3]);
+            float4 s_vec = float4(state[j], state[j+1], state[j+2], state[j+3]);
+
+            float4 kv = k_vec * v_val;
+
+            s_vec = s_vec * w_vec + kv + sa * b_vec;
+            y += dot(s_vec, r_vec);
+
+            state[j]   = s_vec[0];
+            state[j+1] = s_vec[1];
+            state[j+2] = s_vec[2];
+            state[j+3] = s_vec[3];
+        }
+
+        dst[t] = y;
+    }
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < head_size; i++) {
+        dst[T * C + batch_id * state_size + head_id * head_size * head_size
+            + tid * head_size + i] = state[i];
+    }
+}
+
+constant short FC_gated_delta_net_ne20 [[function_constant(FC_GATED_DELTA_NET + 0)]];
+constant short FC_gated_delta_net_ne30 [[function_constant(FC_GATED_DELTA_NET + 1)]];
+
+#if 1
+template<short NSG>
+kernel void kernel_gated_delta_net_impl(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_gated_delta_net & args,
+        device const char * q,
+        device const char * k,
+        device const char * v,
+        device const char * g,
+        device const char * b,
+        device const char * s,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]])  {
+#define S_v FC_gated_delta_net_ne20
+#define G   FC_gated_delta_net_ne30
+
+    const uint tx = tpitg.x;
+    const uint ty = tpitg.y;
+
+    const uint i23 = tgpig.z; // B
+    const uint i21 = tgpig.y; // H
+    const uint i20 = tgpig.x*NSG + ty;
+
+    const uint i01 = i21 % args.ne01;
+    const uint i11 = i21 % args.ne11;
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrt((float)S_v);
+
+    // state is stored transposed: M[i20][is] = S[is][i20], so row i20 is contiguous
+    device const float * s_ptr = (device const float *) (s) + (i23*args.ne21 + i21)*S_v*S_v + i20*S_v;
+
+    float ls[NSG];
+
+    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < NSG; j++) {
+        const short is = tx*NSG + j;
+        ls[j] = s_ptr[is];
+    }
+
+    device float * dst_attn = (device float *) (dst) + (i23*args.ne22*args.ne21 + i21)*S_v + i20;
+
+    device const float * q_ptr = (device const float *) (q + i23*args.nb03 + i01*args.nb01);
+    device const float * k_ptr = (device const float *) (k + i23*args.nb13 + i11*args.nb11);
+    device const float * v_ptr = (device const float *) (v + i23*args.nb23 + i21*args.nb21);
+
+    device const float * b_ptr = (device const float *) (b) + (i23*args.ne22*args.ne21 + i21);
+    device const float * g_ptr = (device const float *) (g) + (i23*args.ne22*args.ne21 + i21)*G;
+
+    for (short t = 0; t < args.ne22; t++) {
+        float s_k = 0.0f;
+
+        if (G == 1) {
+            const float g_exp = exp(g_ptr[0]);
+
+            FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < NSG; j++) {
+                const short is = tx*NSG + j;
+                ls[j] *= g_exp;
+
+                s_k += ls[j]*k_ptr[is];
+            }
+        } else {
+            // KDA
+            FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < NSG; j++) {
+                const short is = tx*NSG + j;
+                ls[j] *= exp(g_ptr[is]);
+
+                s_k += ls[j]*k_ptr[is];
+            }
+        }
+
+        s_k = simd_sum(s_k);
+
+        const float d = (v_ptr[i20] - s_k)*b_ptr[0];
+
+        float y = 0.0f;
+
+        FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < NSG; j++) {
+            const short is = tx*NSG + j;
+            ls[j] += k_ptr[is]*d;
+
+            y += ls[j]*q_ptr[is];
+        }
+
+        y = simd_sum(y);
+
+        if (tx == 0) {
+            dst_attn[t*args.ne21*S_v] = y*scale;
+        }
+
+        q_ptr += args.ns02;
+        k_ptr += args.ns12;
+        v_ptr += args.ns22;
+
+        b_ptr += args.ne21;
+        g_ptr += args.ne21*G;
+    }
+
+    device float * dst_state = (device float *) (dst) + args.ne23*args.ne22*args.ne21*S_v + (i23*args.ne21 + i21)*S_v*S_v + i20*S_v;
+
+    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < NSG; j++) {
+        const short is = tx*NSG + j;
+        dst_state[is] = ls[j];
+    }
+
+#undef S_v
+#undef G
+}
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<4>) kernel_gated_delta_net_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_gated_delta_net_f32_1")]] kernel kernel_gated_delta_net_t kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_gated_delta_net_f32_2")]] kernel kernel_gated_delta_net_t kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_gated_delta_net_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_gated_delta_net_t kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<4>;
+
+#else
+// a simplified version of the above
+// no performance improvement, so keep the above version for now
+
+template<typename T, short NSG>
+kernel void kernel_gated_delta_net_impl(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_gated_delta_net & args,
+        device const char * q,
+        device const char * k,
+        device const char * v,
+        device const char * g,
+        device const char * b,
+        device const char * s,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]])  {
+#define S_v FC_gated_delta_net_ne20
+#define G   FC_gated_delta_net_ne30
+
+    const uint tx = tpitg.x;
+    const uint ty = tpitg.y;
+
+    const uint i23 = tgpig.z; // B
+    const uint i21 = tgpig.y; // H
+    const uint i20 = tgpig.x*NSG + ty;
+
+    const uint i01 = i21 % args.ne01;
+    const uint i11 = i21 % args.ne11;
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrt((float)S_v);
+
+    device const float * s_ptr = (device const float *) (s) + (i23*args.ne21 + i21)*S_v*S_v + i20;
+
+    float lsf[NSG];
+
+    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < NSG; j++) {
+        const short is = tx*NSG + j;
+        lsf[j] = s_ptr[is*S_v];
+    }
+
+    thread T * ls = (thread T *) (lsf);
+
+    device float * dst_attn = (device float *) (dst) + (i23*args.ne22*args.ne21 + i21)*S_v + i20;
+
+    device const float * q_ptr = (device const float *) (q + i23*args.nb03 + i01*args.nb01);
+    device const float * k_ptr = (device const float *) (k + i23*args.nb13 + i11*args.nb11);
+    device const float * v_ptr = (device const float *) (v + i23*args.nb23 + i21*args.nb21);
+
+    device const float * b_ptr  = (device const float *) (b) + (i23*args.ne22*args.ne21 + i21);
+    device const float * g_ptr  = (device const float *) (g) + (i23*args.ne22*args.ne21 + i21)*G;
+
+    for (short t = 0; t < args.ne22; t++) {
+        device const T * qt_ptr = (device const T *) (q_ptr);
+        device const T * kt_ptr = (device const T *) (k_ptr);
+        device const T * gt_ptr = (device const T *) (g_ptr);
+
+        if (G == 1) {
+            *ls *= exp(g_ptr[0]);
+        } else {
+            // KDA
+            *ls *= exp(gt_ptr[tx]);
+        }
+
+        const float s_k = simd_sum(dot(*ls, kt_ptr[tx]));
+
+        const float d = (v_ptr[i20] - s_k)*b_ptr[0];
+
+        *ls += kt_ptr[tx]*d;
+
+        const float y = simd_sum(dot(*ls, qt_ptr[tx]));
 
-            s_vec = s_vec * td_vec + kv;
-            state[j]   = s_vec[0];
-            state[j+1] = s_vec[1];
-            state[j+2] = s_vec[2];
-            state[j+3] = s_vec[3];
+        if (tx == 0) {
+            *dst_attn = y*scale;
         }
 
-        dst[t] = y;
+        q_ptr += args.ns02;
+        k_ptr += args.ns12;
+        v_ptr += args.ns22;
+
+        b_ptr += args.ne21;
+        g_ptr += args.ne21*G;
+
+        dst_attn += args.ne21*S_v;
     }
 
-    for (uint i = 0; i < head_size; i++) {
-        dst[T * C + batch_id * state_size + head_id * head_size * head_size
-            + i * head_size + tid] = state[i];
+    device float * dst_state  = (device float *) (dst) + args.ne23*args.ne22*args.ne21*S_v + (i23*args.ne21 + i21)*S_v*S_v + i20;
+    device T     * dstt_state = (device T     *) (dst_state);
+
+    FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < NSG; j++) {
+        const short is = tx*NSG + j;
+        dst_state[is*S_v] = lsf[j];
     }
-}
 
-kernel void kernel_rwkv_wkv7_f32(
-    device const float * r,
-    device const float * w,
-    device const float * k,
-    device const float * v,
-    device const float * a,
-    device const float * b,
-    device const float * state_in,
-    device       float * dst,
-    constant    uint & B,
-    constant    uint & T,
-    constant    uint & C,
-    constant    uint & H,
-    uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-    uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-    uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]])  {
+#undef S_v
+#undef G
+}
 
-    const uint head_size = 64; // TODO: support head_size = 128
-    const uint batch_id = tgpig.x / H;
-    const uint head_id = tgpig.x % H;
-    const uint tid = tpitg.x;
+typedef decltype(kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<float4, 4>) kernel_gated_delta_net_t;
 
-    if (batch_id >= B || head_id >= H) {
-        return;
-    }
+template [[host_name("kernel_gated_delta_net_f32_1")]] kernel kernel_gated_delta_net_t kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<float,  1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_gated_delta_net_f32_2")]] kernel kernel_gated_delta_net_t kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<float2, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_gated_delta_net_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_gated_delta_net_t kernel_gated_delta_net_impl<float4, 4>;
+#endif
 
-    const uint state_size = C * head_size;
-    const uint n_seq_tokens = T / B;
+constant short FC_solve_tri_nsg [[function_constant(FC_SOLVE_TRI + 0)]];
+constant short FC_solve_tri_n   [[function_constant(FC_SOLVE_TRI + 1)]];
+constant short FC_solve_tri_k   [[function_constant(FC_SOLVE_TRI + 2)]];
+
+kernel void kernel_solve_tri_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_solve_tri & args,
+        device   const char * src0,
+        device   const char * src1,
+        device         char * dst,
+        threadgroup    char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        ushort3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
 
-    threadgroup float _r[head_size];
-    threadgroup float _w[head_size];
-    threadgroup float _k[head_size];
-    threadgroup float _a[head_size];
-    threadgroup float _b[head_size];
+    const short NSG = FC_solve_tri_nsg;
+    const short N   = FC_solve_tri_n;
+    const short K   = FC_solve_tri_k;
+    const short NP  = PAD2(N, NW);
 
-    float state[head_size];
+    const int32_t i03 = tgpig.z;
+    const int32_t i02 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i01 = tgpig.x*NSG + sgitg;
 
-    for (uint i = 0; i < head_size; i++) {
-        state[i] = state_in[batch_id * state_size + head_id * head_size * head_size
-                          + tid * head_size + i];
-    }
+    threadgroup float * sh0 = (threadgroup float *) shmem;
 
-    const uint start_t = batch_id * n_seq_tokens * C + head_id * head_size + tid;
-    const uint end_t = (batch_id + 1) * n_seq_tokens * C + head_id * head_size + tid;
+    device const float * src0_ptr = (device const float *)(src0 + i02 * args.nb02 + i03 * args.nb03) + sgitg*N;
+    device const float * src1_ptr = (device const float *)(src1 + i02 * args.nb12 + i03 * args.nb13) + i01;
+    device       float * dst_ptr  = (device       float *)(dst  + i02 * args.nb2  + i03 * args.nb3)  + i01;
 
-    for (uint t = start_t; t < end_t; t += C) {
-        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
-        _r[tid] = r[t];
-        _w[tid] = w[t];
-        _k[tid] = k[t];
-        _a[tid] = a[t];
-        _b[tid] = b[t];
+    for (short rr = 0; rr < N; rr += NSG) {
         threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-        const float v_val = v[t];
-        float y = 0.0, sa = 0.0;
+        {
+            threadgroup float * sh0_cur = sh0 + sgitg*NP;
 
-        float4 sa_vec(0.0);
+            for (short t = 0; t*NW < N; ++t) {
+                const short idx = t*NW + tiisg;
+                sh0_cur[idx] = src0_ptr[idx];
+            }
 
-        for (uint j = 0; j < head_size; j += 4) {
-            float4 a_vec = float4(_a[j], _a[j+1], _a[j+2], _a[j+3]);
-            float4 s_vec = float4(state[j], state[j+1], state[j+2], state[j+3]);
-            sa_vec += a_vec * s_vec;
+            src0_ptr += NSG*N;
         }
-        sa = sa_vec[0] + sa_vec[1] + sa_vec[2] + sa_vec[3];
 
-        for (uint j = 0; j < head_size; j += 4) {
-            float4 r_vec = float4(_r[j], _r[j+1], _r[j+2], _r[j+3]);
-            float4 w_vec = float4(_w[j], _w[j+1], _w[j+2], _w[j+3]);
-            float4 k_vec = float4(_k[j], _k[j+1], _k[j+2], _k[j+3]);
-            float4 b_vec = float4(_b[j], _b[j+1], _b[j+2], _b[j+3]);
-            float4 s_vec = float4(state[j], state[j+1], state[j+2], state[j+3]);
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-            float4 kv = k_vec * v_val;
+        if (i01 >= args.ne10) {
+            continue;
+        }
 
-            s_vec = s_vec * w_vec + kv + sa * b_vec;
-            y += dot(s_vec, r_vec);
+        for (short ir = 0; ir < NSG && rr + ir < N; ++ir) {
+            const short r = rr + ir;
 
-            state[j]   = s_vec[0];
-            state[j+1] = s_vec[1];
-            state[j+2] = s_vec[2];
-            state[j+3] = s_vec[3];
-        }
+            threadgroup float * sh0_cur = sh0 + ir*NP;
 
-        dst[t] = y;
-    }
+            float sum = 0.0f;
 
-    for (uint i = 0; i < head_size; i++) {
-        dst[T * C + batch_id * state_size + head_id * head_size * head_size
-            + tid * head_size + i] = state[i];
+            for (short t = 0; t*NW < r; ++t) {
+                const short idx = t*NW + tiisg;
+                sum += sh0_cur[idx] * dst_ptr[idx*K] * (idx < r);
+            }
+
+            sum = simd_sum(sum);
+
+            if (tiisg == 0) {
+                const float diag = sh0_cur[r];
+
+                dst_ptr[r*K] = (src1_ptr[r*K] - sum) / diag;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_argmax(
-        device   const void * x,
-        device      int32_t * dst,
-        constant    int64_t & ncols,
-        constant   uint64_t & nb01,
-        threadgroup   float * shared_maxval [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        threadgroup int32_t * shared_argmax [[threadgroup(1)]],
+kernel void kernel_argmax_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_argmax & args,
+        device   const char * src0,
+        device         char * dst,
+        threadgroup    char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint  tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
         uint  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
         uint  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         uint    ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    device const float * x_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) x + tgpig * nb01);
+    device const float * x_row = (device const float *) ((device const char *) src0 + tgpig * args.nb01);
 
     float   lmax = -INFINITY;
     int32_t larg = -1;
 
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < ncols; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg) {
         if (x_row[i00] > lmax) {
             lmax = x_row[i00];
             larg = i00;
@@ -1580,6 +2759,11 @@ kernel void kernel_argmax(
     float max_val = simd_max(lmax);
     int32_t arg_val = simd_max(select(-1, larg, lmax == max_val));
 
+    device int32_t * dst_i32 = (device int32_t *) dst;
+
+    threadgroup   float * shared_maxval = (threadgroup   float *) shmem;
+    threadgroup int32_t * shared_argmax = (threadgroup int32_t *) shmem + N_SIMDWIDTH;
+
     if (ntg > N_SIMDWIDTH) {
         if (sgitg == 0) {
             shared_maxval[tiisg] = -INFINITY;
@@ -1601,38 +2785,51 @@ kernel void kernel_argmax(
         float max_val_reduced   = simd_max(max_val);
         int32_t arg_val_reduced = simd_max(select(-1, arg_val, max_val == max_val_reduced));
 
-        dst[tgpig] = arg_val_reduced;
+        dst_i32[tgpig] = arg_val_reduced;
 
         return;
     }
 
-    dst[tgpig] = arg_val;
+    dst_i32[tgpig] = arg_val;
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_norm(
+// F == 1 : norm (no fuse)
+// F == 2 : norm + mul
+// F == 3 : norm + mul + add
+template <typename T, short F>
+kernel void kernel_norm_fuse_impl(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_norm & args,
         device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1_0,
+        device const char * src1_1,
         device       char * dst,
         threadgroup float * shmem_f32 [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
-        ushort   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
     if (sgitg == 0) {
         shmem_f32[tiisg] = 0.0f;
     }
 
-    device const float4 * x = (device const float4 *) (src0 + tgpig*args.nb01);
+    const int i01 = tgpig.x;
+    const int i02 = tgpig.y;
+    const int i03 = tgpig.z;
+
+    device const T * x = (device const T *) (src0 + i03*args.nbf3[0] + i02*args.nbf2[0] + i01*args.nbf1[0]);
 
-    float4 sumf4(0.0f);
+    device const T * f0 = (device const T *) (src1_0 + (i03%args.nef3[1])*args.nbf3[1] + (i02%args.nef2[1])*args.nbf2[1] + (i01%args.nef1[1])*args.nbf1[1]);
+    device const T * f1 = (device const T *) (src1_1 + (i03%args.nef3[2])*args.nbf3[2] + (i02%args.nef2[2])*args.nbf2[2] + (i01%args.nef1[2])*args.nbf1[2]);
+
+    T sumft(0.0f);
 
     float sumf = 0.0f;
 
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00_4; i00 += ntg) {
-        sumf4 += x[i00];
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00_t; i00 += ntg.x) {
+        sumft += x[i00];
     }
-    sumf = sumf4[0] + sumf4[1] + sumf4[2] + sumf4[3];
+    sumf = dot(sumft, T(1.0f));
     sumf = simd_sum(sumf);
 
     threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
@@ -1648,10 +2845,10 @@ kernel void kernel_norm(
 
     const float mean = sumf/args.ne00;
 
-    device float4 * y = (device float4 *) dst + tgpig*args.ne00_4;
+    device T * y = (device T *) (dst + i03*args.nb3 + i02*args.nb2 + i01*args.nb1);
 
     sumf = 0.0f;
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00_4; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00_t; i00 += ntg.x) {
         y[i00] = x[i00] - mean;
         sumf += dot(y[i00], y[i00]);
     }
@@ -1671,31 +2868,62 @@ kernel void kernel_norm(
     const float variance = sumf/args.ne00;
 
     const float scale = 1.0f/sqrt(variance + args.eps);
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00_4; i00 += ntg) {
-        y[i00] = y[i00] * scale;
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00_t; i00 += ntg.x) {
+        if (F == 1) {
+            y[i00] = (y[i00]*scale);
+        }
+        if (F == 2) {
+            y[i00] = (y[i00]*scale)*f0[i00];
+        }
+        if (F == 3) {
+            y[i00] = (y[i00]*scale)*f0[i00] + f1[i00];
+        }
     }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_rms_norm(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_rms_norm & args,
+typedef decltype(kernel_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 1>) kernel_norm_fuse_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_norm_f32")]]         kernel kernel_norm_fuse_t kernel_norm_fuse_impl<float, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_norm_mul_f32")]]     kernel kernel_norm_fuse_t kernel_norm_fuse_impl<float, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_norm_mul_add_f32")]] kernel kernel_norm_fuse_t kernel_norm_fuse_impl<float, 3>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_norm_f32_4")]]         kernel kernel_norm_fuse_t kernel_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_norm_mul_f32_4")]]     kernel kernel_norm_fuse_t kernel_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_norm_mul_add_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_norm_fuse_t kernel_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 3>;
+
+// F == 1 : rms_norm (no fuse)
+// F == 2 : rms_norm + mul
+// F == 3 : rms_norm + mul + add
+template <typename T, short F>
+kernel void kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_norm & args,
         device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1_0,
+        device const char * src1_1,
         device       char * dst,
         threadgroup float * shmem_f32 [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
-        ushort   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
     if (sgitg == 0) {
         shmem_f32[tiisg] = 0.0f;
     }
 
-    device const float4 * x = (device const float4 *) (src0 + tgpig*args.nb01);
+    const int i01 = tgpig.x;
+    const int i02 = tgpig.y;
+    const int i03 = tgpig.z;
+
+    device const T * x = (device const T *) (src0 + i03*args.nbf3[0] + i02*args.nbf2[0] + i01*args.nbf1[0]);
+
+    device const T * f0 = (device const T *) (src1_0 + (i03%args.nef3[1])*args.nbf3[1] + (i02%args.nef2[1])*args.nbf2[1] + (i01%args.nef1[1])*args.nbf1[1]);
+    device const T * f1 = (device const T *) (src1_1 + (i03%args.nef3[2])*args.nbf3[2] + (i02%args.nef2[2])*args.nbf2[2] + (i01%args.nef1[2])*args.nbf1[2]);
 
     float sumf = 0.0f;
 
     // parallel sum
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00_4; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00_t; i00 += ntg.x) {
         sumf += dot(x[i00], x[i00]);
     }
     sumf = simd_sum(sumf);
@@ -1714,32 +2942,56 @@ kernel void kernel_rms_norm(
     const float mean  = sumf/args.ne00;
     const float scale = 1.0f/sqrt(mean + args.eps);
 
-    device float4 * y = (device float4 *) dst + tgpig*args.ne00_4;
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00_4; i00 += ntg) {
-        y[i00] = x[i00] * scale;
+    device T * y = (device T *) (dst + i03*args.nb3 + i02*args.nb2 + i01*args.nb1);
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00_t; i00 += ntg.x) {
+        if (F == 1) {
+            y[i00] = (x[i00]*scale);
+        }
+        if (F == 2) {
+            y[i00] = (x[i00]*scale)*f0[i00];
+        }
+        if (F == 3) {
+            y[i00] = (x[i00]*scale)*f0[i00] + f1[i00];
+        }
     }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_l2_norm(
+typedef decltype(kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 1>) kernel_rms_norm_fuse_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_rms_norm_f32")]]         kernel kernel_rms_norm_fuse_t kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl<float, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_rms_norm_mul_f32")]]     kernel kernel_rms_norm_fuse_t kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl<float, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_rms_norm_mul_add_f32")]] kernel kernel_rms_norm_fuse_t kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl<float, 3>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_rms_norm_f32_4")]]         kernel kernel_rms_norm_fuse_t kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_rms_norm_mul_f32_4")]]     kernel kernel_rms_norm_fuse_t kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_rms_norm_mul_add_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_rms_norm_fuse_t kernel_rms_norm_fuse_impl<float4, 3>;
+
+template <typename T0, typename T>
+kernel void kernel_l2_norm_impl(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_l2_norm & args,
         device const char * src0,
         device       char * dst,
         threadgroup float * shmem_f32 [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
-        ushort   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int i03 = tgpig.z;
+    const int i02 = tgpig.y;
+    const int i01 = tgpig.x;
+
     if (sgitg == 0) {
         shmem_f32[tiisg] = 0.0f;
     }
 
-    device const float4 * x = (device const float4 *) (src0 + tgpig*args.nb01);
+    device const T0 * x = (device const T0 *) (src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01);
+    device       T  * y = (device       T  *) (dst  + i03*args.nb3  + i02*args.nb2  + i01*args.nb1);
 
     float sumf = 0.0f;
 
     // parallel sum
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00_4; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x) {
         sumf += dot(x[i00], x[i00]);
     }
     sumf = simd_sum(sumf);
@@ -1755,18 +3007,22 @@ kernel void kernel_l2_norm(
     sumf = shmem_f32[tiisg];
     sumf = simd_sum(sumf);
 
-    const float scale = 1.0f/sqrt(max(sumf, args.eps));
+    const float scale = 1.0f/max(sqrt(sumf), args.eps);
 
-    device float4 * y = (device float4 *) dst + tgpig*args.ne00_4;
-    for (int i00 = tpitg; i00 < args.ne00_4; i00 += ntg) {
+    for (int i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x) {
         y[i00] = x[i00] * scale;
     }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_group_norm(
+typedef decltype(kernel_l2_norm_impl<float, float>) kernel_l2_norm_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_l2_norm_f32_f32")]]   kernel kernel_l2_norm_t kernel_l2_norm_impl<float,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_l2_norm_f32_f32_4")]] kernel kernel_l2_norm_t kernel_l2_norm_impl<float4, float4>;
+
+kernel void kernel_group_norm_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_group_norm & args,
         device const float * src0,
         device       float * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_group_norm & args,
         threadgroup float  * buf [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
@@ -1774,7 +3030,7 @@ kernel void kernel_group_norm(
         uint tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         uint   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
     const int64_t ne = args.ne00*args.ne01*args.ne02;
-    const int64_t gs = args.ne00*args.ne01*((args.ne02 + args.n_groups - 1) / args.n_groups);
+    const int64_t gs = args.ne00*args.ne01*((args.ne02 + args.ngrp - 1) / args.ngrp);
 
     int start = tgpig * gs;
     int end   = start + gs;
@@ -1932,7 +3188,52 @@ inline float block_q_n_dot_y(device const block_q5_1 * qb_curr, float sumy, thre
     return d * (acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3]) + sumy * m;
 }
 
-template<typename block_q_type, int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<short NR0>
+static inline void helper_mv_reduce_and_write(
+        device float * dst_f32,
+        float sumf[NR0],
+        const int r0,
+        const int ne01,
+        ushort tiisg,
+        ushort sgitg,
+        threadgroup char * shmem) {
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+
+    threadgroup float * shmem_f32[NR0];
+
+    for (short row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
+        shmem_f32[row] = (threadgroup float *) shmem + NW*row;
+
+        if (sgitg == 0) {
+            shmem_f32[row][tiisg] = 0.0f;
+        }
+
+        sumf[row] = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
+    }
+
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    for (short row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
+        if (tiisg == 0) {
+            shmem_f32[row][sgitg] = sumf[row];
+        }
+    }
+
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    for (short row = 0; row < NR0 && r0 + row < ne01; ++row) {
+        float tot = simd_sum(shmem_f32[row][tiisg]);
+
+        if (tiisg == 0 && sgitg == 0) {
+            dst_f32[r0 + row] = tot;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+constant short FC_mul_mv_nsg   [[function_constant(FC_MUL_MV + 0)]];
+constant short FC_mul_mv_nxpsg [[function_constant(FC_MUL_MV + 1)]];
+
+template<typename block_q_type, short NR0, typename args_t>
 void mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -1942,45 +3243,54 @@ void mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
-    const int nb = args.ne00/QK4_0;
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
-    const int r0 = tgpig.x;
-    const int r1 = tgpig.y;
-    const int im = tgpig.z;
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+    constexpr short NQ = 16;
+
+    const int nb = args.ne00/QK4_0;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int r0 = (tgpig.x*NSG + sgitg)*NR0;
+  //const int r0 =  tgpig.x*NR0;
+    const int r1 =  tgpig.y;
+    const int im =  tgpig.z;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
 
-  //const uint64_t offset0 = first_row*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
-    const uint64_t offset1 =        r1*args.nb11 + (i12        )*args.nb12 + (i13        )*args.nb13;
+  //const uint64_t offset0 = r0*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+    const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12        )*args.nb12 + (i13        )*args.nb13;
 
   //device const block_q_type * x = (device const block_q_type *) (src0 + offset0);
     device const float        * y = (device const float        *) (src1 + offset1);
 
     // pointers to src0 rows
-    device const block_q_type * ax[nr0];
-    for (int row = 0; row < nr0; ++row) {
-        const uint64_t offset0 = (first_row + row)*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+    device const block_q_type * ax[NR0];
+    FOR_UNROLL (int row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
+        const uint64_t offset0 = (r0 + row)*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
 
         ax[row] = (device const block_q_type *) ((device char *) src0 + offset0);
     }
 
-    float yl[16]; // src1 vector cache
-    float sumf[nr0] = {0.f};
+    float sumf[NR0] = {0.f};
+
+    const short ix = (tiisg/(NW/NQ));
+    const short il = (tiisg%(NW/NQ))*8;
 
-    const short ix = (tiisg/2);
-    const short il = (tiisg%2)*8;
+    //const int ib0 = sgitg*NQ + ix;
+    const int ib0 = ix;
+
+    float yl[16]; // src1 vector cache
 
-    device const float * yb = y + ix*QK4_0 + il;
+    //device const float * yb = y + ix*QK4_0 + il;
+    device const float * yb = y + ib0*QK4_0 + il;
 
     // each thread in a SIMD group deals with half a block.
-    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += nw/2) {
+    //for (int ib = ib0; ib < nb; ib += NSG*NQ) {
+    for (int ib = ib0; ib < nb; ib += NQ) {
         float sumy[2] = { 0.f, 0.f };
 
-#pragma unroll
-        for (short i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
+        FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
             sumy[0]  += yb[i +  0] + yb[i +  1];
             yl[i + 0] = yb[i +  0];
             yl[i + 1] = yb[i +  1]/256.f;
@@ -1990,21 +3300,23 @@ void mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl(
             yl[i + 9] = yb[i + 17]/4096.f;
         }
 
-#pragma unroll
-        for (short row = 0; row < nr0; row++) {
+        FOR_UNROLL (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
             sumf[row] += block_q_n_dot_y(ax[row] + ib, sumy[0] + sumy[1], yl, il);
         }
 
         yb += QK4_0 * 16;
+        //yb += NSG*NQ*QK4_0;
     }
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < nr0; ++row) {
+    //helper_mv_reduce_and_write<NR0>(dst_f32, sumf, r0, args.ne01, tiisg, sgitg, shmem);
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
         const float tot = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
 
-        if (tiisg == 0 && first_row + row < args.ne01) {
-            dst_f32[first_row + row] = tot;
+        if (tiisg == 0 && r0 + row < args.ne01) {
+            dst_f32[r0 + row] = tot;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2014,10 +3326,11 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q4_0_f32(
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_0, N_R0_Q4_0, N_SG_Q4_0, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_0, N_R0_Q4_0, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32(
@@ -2025,10 +3338,11 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32(
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-     mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_1, N_R0_Q4_1, N_SG_Q4_1, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+     mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_1, N_R0_Q4_1, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q5_0_f32(
@@ -2036,10 +3350,11 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q5_0_f32(
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_0, N_R0_Q5_0, N_SG_Q5_0, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_0, N_R0_Q5_0, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q5_1_f32(
@@ -2047,15 +3362,14 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q5_1_f32(
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_1, N_R0_Q5_1, N_SG_Q5_1, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_1, N_R0_Q5_1, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-#define NB_Q8_0 8
-
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<short NR0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -2065,66 +3379,68 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
+
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+    constexpr short NQ = 8;
+
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK8_0;
 
-    const int r0 = tgpig.x;
+    const int r0 = tgpig.x*NR0;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
-
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
 
-  //const uint64_t offset0 = first_row*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
-    const uint64_t offset1 =        r1*args.nb11 + (i12        )*args.nb12 + (i13        )*args.nb13;
+  //const uint64_t offset0 = r0*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+    const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12        )*args.nb12 + (i13        )*args.nb13;
 
   //device const block_q8_0 * x = (device const block_q8_0 *) (src0 + offset0);
     device const float      * y = (device const float      *) (src1 + offset1);
 
     // pointers to src0 rows
-    device const block_q8_0 * ax[nr0];
-    for (int row = 0; row < nr0; ++row) {
-        const uint64_t offset0 = (first_row + row)*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+    device const block_q8_0 * ax[NR0];
+    FOR_UNROLL (short row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
+        const uint64_t offset0 = (r0 + row)*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
 
         ax[row] = (device const block_q8_0 *) ((device char *) src0 + offset0);
     }
 
-    float yl[NB_Q8_0];
-    float sumf[nr0] = { 0.f };
+    float sumf[NR0] = { 0.f };
+
+    const short ix = tiisg/(NW/NQ);
+    const short il = tiisg%(NW/NQ);
 
-    const short ix = tiisg/4;
-    const short il = tiisg%4;
+    const int ib0 = sgitg*NQ + ix;
 
-    device const float * yb = y + ix*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+    float yl[NQ];
 
-    // each thread in a SIMD group deals with NB_Q8_0 quants at a time
-    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += nw/4) {
-        for (short i = 0; i < NB_Q8_0; ++i) {
+    device const float * yb = y + ib0*QK8_0 + il*NQ;
+
+    // each thread in a SIMD group deals with NQ quants at a time
+    for (int ib = ib0; ib < nb; ib += NSG*NQ) {
+        for (short i = 0; i < NQ; ++i) {
             yl[i] = yb[i];
         }
 
-        for (short row = 0; row < nr0; row++) {
-            device const int8_t * qs = ax[row][ib].qs + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        for (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
+            device const int8_t * qs = ax[row][ib].qs + il*NQ;
+
             float sumq = 0.f;
-            for (short iq = 0; iq < NB_Q8_0; ++iq) {
-                sumq += qs[iq] * yl[iq];
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < NQ; ++i) {
+                sumq += qs[i] * yl[i];
             }
+
             sumf[row] += sumq*ax[row][ib].d;
         }
 
-        yb += nw*NB_Q8_0;
+        yb += NSG*NQ*QK8_0;
     }
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < nr0; ++row) {
-        const float tot = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
-
-        if (tiisg == 0 && first_row + row < args.ne01) {
-            dst_f32[first_row + row] = tot;
-        }
-    }
+    helper_mv_reduce_and_write<NR0>(dst_f32, sumf, r0, args.ne01, tiisg, sgitg, shmem);
 }
 
 [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32")]]
@@ -2133,15 +3449,16 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32(
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_impl<N_R0_Q8_0, N_SG_Q8_0, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_impl<N_R0_Q8_0, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 // mat-vec kernel processing in chunks of float4
 // chpb - chunks per quantization block
-template<short nxpsg, short r1ptg, typename q_t, short chpb, void (*deq_t4)(device const q_t *, short, thread float4 &) >
+template<short r1ptg, typename q_t, short chpb, void (*deq_t4)(device const q_t *, short, thread float4 &) >
 void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_ext & args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -2150,6 +3467,9 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl(
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+    const short NSG   = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
+    const short nxpsg = FC_mul_mv_nxpsg;
+
     const short chpt = 4; // chunks per thread
 
   //const short nxpsg = (32);
@@ -2158,7 +3478,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl(
     const short tx = tiisg%nxpsg;
     const short ty = tiisg/nxpsg;
 
-    const int i01 = tgpig.x*(nypsg*args.nsg) + nypsg*sgitg + ty;
+    const int i01 = tgpig.x*(nypsg*NSG) + nypsg*sgitg + ty;
     const int i11 = tgpig.y*r1ptg;
     const int i1m = tgpig.z;
 
@@ -2199,7 +3519,6 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl(
 #pragma unroll(r1ptg)
             for (short ir1 = 0; ir1 < r1ptg; ++ir1) {
                 sumf[ir1] += dot(lx[ch], y4[ir1][ch*nxpsg]);
-
             }
         }
 
@@ -2242,7 +3561,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl(
 }
 
 // mat-vec kernel processing in chunks of float4x4
-template<short nxpsg, short r1ptg, typename q_t, short chpb, void (*deq_t4x4)(device const q_t *, short, thread float4x4 &) >
+template<short r1ptg, typename q_t, short chpb, void (*deq_t4x4)(device const q_t *, short, thread float4x4 &) >
 void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_ext & args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -2251,6 +3570,9 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl(
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+    const short NSG   = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
+    const short nxpsg = FC_mul_mv_nxpsg;
+
     const short chpt = 1;
 
   //const short nxpsg = (32);
@@ -2259,7 +3581,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl(
     const short tx = tiisg%nxpsg;
     const short ty = tiisg/nxpsg;
 
-    const int i01 = tgpig.x*(nypsg*args.nsg) + nypsg*sgitg + ty;
+    const int i01 = tgpig.x*(nypsg*NSG) + nypsg*sgitg + ty;
     const int i11 = tgpig.y*r1ptg;
     const int i1m = tgpig.z;
 
@@ -2356,12 +3678,7 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp(
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    switch (args.nxpsg) {
-        case 4:  kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl<4,  r1ptg, q_t, epb/4, deq_t4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-        case 8:  kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl<8,  r1ptg, q_t, epb/4, deq_t4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-        case 16: kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl<16, r1ptg, q_t, epb/4, deq_t4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-        case 32: kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl<32, r1ptg, q_t, epb/4, deq_t4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-    }
+    kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_impl<r1ptg, q_t, epb/4, deq_t4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 template<short r1ptg, typename q_t, short epb, void (*deq_t4x4)(device const q_t *, short, thread float4x4 &)>
@@ -2373,22 +3690,29 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp(
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    switch (args.nxpsg) {
-        case 4:  kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl<4,  r1ptg, q_t, epb/16, deq_t4x4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-        case 8:  kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl<8,  r1ptg, q_t, epb/16, deq_t4x4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-        case 16: kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl<16, r1ptg, q_t, epb/16, deq_t4x4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-        case 32: kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl<32, r1ptg, q_t, epb/16, deq_t4x4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
-    }
+    kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_impl<r1ptg, q_t, epb/16, deq_t4x4>(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp  <2, block_q8_0, 32,  dequantize_q8_0_t4>) mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t;
 typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<2, block_q4_K, 256, dequantize_q4_K>)    mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t;
 
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f32_f32_r1_2")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<2, float4,       4,  dequantize_f32_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f32_f32_r1_3")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<3, float4,       4,  dequantize_f32_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f32_f32_r1_4")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<4, float4,       4,  dequantize_f32_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f32_f32_r1_5")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<5, float4,       4,  dequantize_f32_t4>;
+
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_2")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<2, half4,        4,  dequantize_f16_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_3")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<3, half4,        4,  dequantize_f16_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_4")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<4, half4,        4,  dequantize_f16_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_f16_f32_r1_5")]]    kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<5, half4,        4,  dequantize_f16_t4>;
 
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_bf16_f32_r1_2")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<2, bfloat4,      4,  dequantize_bf16_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_bf16_f32_r1_3")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<3, bfloat4,      4,  dequantize_bf16_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_bf16_f32_r1_4")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<4, bfloat4,      4,  dequantize_bf16_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_bf16_f32_r1_5")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<5, bfloat4,      4,  dequantize_bf16_t4>;
+#endif
+
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_0_f32_r1_2")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<2, block_q4_0,   32, dequantize_q4_0_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_0_f32_r1_3")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<3, block_q4_0,   32, dequantize_q4_0_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_0_f32_r1_4")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<4, block_q4_0,   32, dequantize_q4_0_t4>;
@@ -2414,6 +3738,11 @@ template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q8_0_f32_r1_3")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q8_0_f32_r1_4")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<4, block_q8_0,   32, dequantize_q8_0_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q8_0_f32_r1_5")]]   kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<5, block_q8_0,   32, dequantize_q8_0_t4>;
 
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_mxfp4_f32_r1_2")]]  kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<2, block_mxfp4,  32, dequantize_mxfp4_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_mxfp4_f32_r1_3")]]  kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<3, block_mxfp4,  32, dequantize_mxfp4_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_mxfp4_f32_r1_4")]]  kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<4, block_mxfp4,  32, dequantize_mxfp4_t4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_mxfp4_f32_r1_5")]]  kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<5, block_mxfp4,  32, dequantize_mxfp4_t4>;
+
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_iq4_nl_f32_r1_2")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<2, block_iq4_nl, 32, dequantize_iq4_nl_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_iq4_nl_f32_r1_3")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<3, block_iq4_nl, 32, dequantize_iq4_nl_t4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_iq4_nl_f32_r1_4")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4_f32_disp<4, block_iq4_nl, 32, dequantize_iq4_nl_t4>;
@@ -2434,208 +3763,328 @@ template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q6_K_f32_r1_3")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q6_K_f32_r1_4")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<4, block_q6_K, 256, dequantize_q6_K>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q6_K_f32_r1_5")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<5, block_q6_K, 256, dequantize_q6_K>;
 
-#define N_MV_T_T 4
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q2_K_f32_r1_2")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<2, block_q2_K, 256, dequantize_q2_K>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q2_K_f32_r1_3")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<3, block_q2_K, 256, dequantize_q2_K>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q2_K_f32_r1_4")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<4, block_q2_K, 256, dequantize_q2_K>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q2_K_f32_r1_5")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<5, block_q2_K, 256, dequantize_q2_K>;
 
-template<typename T0, typename T04, typename T1, typename T14, typename args_t>
-void kernel_mul_mv_impl(
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q3_K_f32_r1_2")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<2, block_q3_K, 256, dequantize_q3_K>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q3_K_f32_r1_3")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<3, block_q3_K, 256, dequantize_q3_K>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q3_K_f32_r1_4")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<4, block_q3_K, 256, dequantize_q3_K>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_ext_q3_K_f32_r1_5")]] kernel mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_t kernel_mul_mv_ext_q4x4_f32_disp<5, block_q3_K, 256, dequantize_q3_K>;
+
+template<typename T0, typename T1, short NR0, typename args_t>
+void kernel_mul_mv_t_t_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem,
         uint3  tgpig,
-        ushort tiisg) {
-    const int r0 = tgpig.x;
-    const int rb = tgpig.y*N_MV_T_T;
+        ushort tiisg,
+        ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
+
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+    constexpr short NB = 32;
+    constexpr short NF = 8;
+
+    const int nb = args.ne00/NB;
+
+    const int r0 = tgpig.x*NR0;
+    const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
 
-    const uint64_t offset0 = r0*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+  //const uint64_t offset0 = r0*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+    const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12        )*args.nb12 + (i13        )*args.nb13;
+
+  //device const T0 * x = (device const T0 *) (src0 + offset0);
+    device const T1 * y = (device const T1 *) (src1 + offset1);
+
+    // pointers to src0 rows
+    device const T0 * ax [NR0];
+    FOR_UNROLL (short row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
+        const uint64_t offset0 = (r0 + row)*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+
+        ax[row] = (device const T0 *) ((device char *) src0 + offset0);
+    }
+
+    float sumf[NR0] = { 0.f };
 
-    device const T0 * x = (device const T0 *) (src0 + offset0);
+    const short ix = tiisg/(NW/NF);
+    const short il = tiisg%(NW/NF);
 
-    device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1;
+    const int ib0 = sgitg*NF + ix;
 
-    if (args.ne00 < 128) {
-        for (int row = 0; row < N_MV_T_T; ++row) {
-            int r1 = rb + row;
-            if (r1 >= args.ne11) {
-                break;
-            }
+    T1 yl[NF];
 
-            const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12   )*args.nb12 + (i13   )*args.nb13;
+    device const T1 * yb = y + (ib0*NB + il*NF);
 
-            device const T1 * y = (device const T1 *) (src1 + offset1);
+    for (int ib = ib0; ib < nb; ib += NSG*NF) {
+        for (short i = 0; i < NF; ++i) {
+            yl[i] = yb[i];
+        }
 
-            float sumf = 0;
-            for (int i = tiisg; i < args.ne00; i += 32) {
-                sumf += (T0) x[i] * (T1) y[i];
-            }
+        for (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
+            device const T0 * xb = ax[row] + (ib*NB + il*NF);
 
-            float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf);
-            if (tiisg == 0) {
-                dst_f32[(uint64_t)r1*args.ne0 + r0] = sum_all;
+            float sumq = 0.f;
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < NF; ++i) {
+                sumq += xb[i] * yl[i];
             }
+
+            sumf[row] += sumq;
         }
-    } else {
-        device const T04 * x4 = (device const T04 *) x;
-        for (int row = 0; row < N_MV_T_T; ++row) {
-            int r1 = rb + row;
-            if (r1 >= args.ne11) {
-                break;
-            }
 
-            const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12   )*args.nb12 + (i13   )*args.nb13;
+        yb += NSG*NF*NW;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = nb*NB + sgitg*NW + tiisg; i < args.ne00; i += NW*NSG) {
+        for (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
+            sumf[row] += ax[row][i] * y[i];
+        }
+    }
 
-            device const T1  * y  = (device const T1  *) (src1 + offset1);
-            device const T14 * y4 = (device const T14 *) y;
+    device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-            float sumf = 0;
-            for (int i = tiisg; i < args.ne00/4; i += 32) {
-                sumf += dot((float4) x4[i], (float4) y4[i]);
-            }
+    helper_mv_reduce_and_write<NR0>(dst_f32, sumf, r0, args.ne01, tiisg, sgitg, shmem);
+}
 
-            float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf);
-            if (tiisg == 0) {
-                for (int i = 4*(args.ne00/4); i < args.ne00; ++i) sum_all += (float) (x[i] * y[i]);
-                dst_f32[(uint64_t)r1*args.ne0 + r0] = sum_all;
-            }
-        }
+template<typename T0, typename T1, typename args_t>
+void kernel_mul_mv_t_t_disp(
+        args_t args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem,
+        uint3  tgpig,
+        ushort tiisg,
+        ushort sgitg) {
+    switch (args.nr0) {
+      //case 1: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_impl<T0, T1, 1, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
+        case 2: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_impl<T0, T1, 2, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
+      //case 3: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_impl<T0, T1, 3, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
+      //case 4: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_impl<T0, T1, 4, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
     }
 }
 
-template<typename T0, typename T04, typename T1, typename T14>
-kernel void kernel_mul_mv(
+template<typename T0, typename T1>
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_t_t(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv & args,
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
-    kernel_mul_mv_impl<T0, T04, T1, T14, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(
-        args,
-        src0,
-        src1,
-        dst,
-        tgpig,
-        tiisg);
+        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+    kernel_mul_mv_t_t_disp<T0, T1, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv<half, half4, half, half4>) mul_mv_t;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_t_t<half, half>) mul_mv_t_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f32_f32")]]   kernel mul_mv_t kernel_mul_mv<float,  float4,  float,  float4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f32")]]   kernel mul_mv_t kernel_mul_mv<half,   half4,   float,  float4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f16")]]   kernel mul_mv_t kernel_mul_mv<half,   half4,   half,   half4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_f32")]]  kernel mul_mv_t kernel_mul_mv<bfloat, bfloat4, float,  float4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_bf16")]] kernel mul_mv_t kernel_mul_mv<bfloat, bfloat4, bfloat, bfloat4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f32_f32")]]   kernel mul_mv_t_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t<float, float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f32")]]   kernel mul_mv_t_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t<half,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f16")]]   kernel mul_mv_t_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t<half,  half>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_f32")]]  kernel mul_mv_t_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t<bfloat, float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_bf16")]] kernel mul_mv_t_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t<bfloat, bfloat>;
 #endif
 
-template<typename T, typename T4>
-kernel void kernel_mul_mv_1row(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv & args,
+template<typename T0, typename T04, typename T1, typename T14, short NR0, typename args_t>
+void kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_impl(
+        args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
-        uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
+        threadgroup  char * shmem,
+        uint3  tgpig,
+        ushort tiisg,
+        ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
-    const int r0 = tgpig.x;
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+    constexpr short NB  = 32;
+    constexpr short NF  = 16;
+    constexpr short NF4 = NF/4;
+
+    const int nb = args.ne00/NB;
+
+    const int r0 = tgpig.x*NR0;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
 
-    const uint64_t offset0 = r0*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+  //const uint64_t offset0 = r0*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
     const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12        )*args.nb12 + (i13        )*args.nb13;
 
-    device const T     * x = (device const T     *) (src0 + offset0);
-    device const float * y = (device const float *) (src1 + offset1);
+    device const T1  * y  = (device const T1  *) (src1 + offset1);
+    device const T14 * y4 = (device const T14 *) (src1 + offset1);
 
-    device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
+    // pointers to src0 rows
+    device const T0  * ax [NR0];
+    device const T04 * ax4[NR0];
+    FOR_UNROLL (short row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
+        const uint64_t offset0 = (r0 + row)*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
 
-    float sumf = 0;
-    if (args.ne00 < 128) {
-        for (int i = tiisg; i < args.ne00; i += 32) {
-            sumf += (float) x[i] * (float) y[i];
-        }
-        float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf);
-        if (tiisg == 0) {
-            dst_f32[r0] = sum_all;
+        ax [row] = (device const T0  *) ((device char *) src0 + offset0);
+        ax4[row] = (device const T04 *) ((device char *) src0 + offset0);
+    }
+
+    float sumf[NR0] = { 0.f };
+
+    const short ix = tiisg/(NW/NF);
+    const short il = tiisg%(NW/NF);
+
+    const int ib0 = sgitg*NF + ix;
+
+    T14 yl4[NF4];
+
+    device const T14 * yb4 = y4 + (ib0*NB + il*NF)/4;
+
+    for (int ib = ib0; ib < nb; ib += NSG*NF) {
+        for (short i = 0; i < NF4; ++i) {
+            yl4[i] = yb4[i];
         }
-    } else {
-        device const T4     * x4 = (device const T4     *) x;
-        device const float4 * y4 = (device const float4 *) y;
 
-        for (int i = tiisg; i < args.ne00/4; i += 32) {
-            sumf += dot((float4) x4[i], y4[i]);
+        for (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
+            device const T04 * xb4 = ax4[row] + (ib*NB + il*NF)/4;
+
+            float sumq = 0.f;
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < NF4; ++i) {
+                sumq += dot(float4(xb4[i]), float4(yl4[i]));
+            }
+
+            sumf[row] += sumq;
         }
 
-        float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf);
+        yb4 += NSG*NF*NW/4;
+    }
 
-        if (tiisg == 0) {
-            for (int i = 4*(args.ne00/4); i < args.ne00; ++i) sum_all += (float) (x[i] * y[i]);
-            dst_f32[r0] = sum_all;
+    for (int i = nb*NB + sgitg*NW + tiisg; i < args.ne00; i += NW*NSG) {
+        for (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
+            sumf[row] += ax[row][i] * y[i];
         }
     }
-}
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_1row<half, half4>) mul_mv_1row_t;
+    device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f32_1row")]]  kernel mul_mv_1row_t kernel_mul_mv_1row<half,   half4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_f32_1row")]] kernel mul_mv_1row_t kernel_mul_mv_1row<bfloat, bfloat4>;
-#endif
+    helper_mv_reduce_and_write<NR0>(dst_f32, sumf, r0, args.ne01, tiisg, sgitg, shmem);
+}
+
+template<typename T0, typename T04, typename T1, typename T14, typename args_t>
+void kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_disp(
+        args_t args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem,
+        uint3  tgpig,
+        ushort tiisg,
+        ushort sgitg) {
+    switch (args.nr0) {
+      //case 1: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_impl<T0, T04, T1, T14, 1, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
+        case 2: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_impl<T0, T04, T1, T14, 2, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
+      //case 3: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_impl<T0, T04, T1, T14, 3, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
+      //case 4: kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_impl<T0, T04, T1, T14, 4, args_t>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg); break;
+    };
+}
 
-// Assumes row size (ne00) is a multiple of 4
-template<typename T, typename T4>
-kernel void kernel_mul_mv_l4(
+template<typename T0, typename T04, typename T1, typename T14>
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv & args,
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
         device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
+        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+    kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_disp<T0, T04, T1, T14, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+}
 
-    const int nrows = args.ne11;
-    const int r0 = tgpig.x;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4<half, half4, half, half4>) mul_mv_t_t_4;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f32_f32_4")]]   kernel mul_mv_t_t_4 kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4<float, float4, float, float4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f32_4")]]   kernel mul_mv_t_t_4 kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4<half,  half4,  float, float4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f16_4")]]   kernel mul_mv_t_t_4 kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4<half,  half4,  half,  half4>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_f32_4")]]  kernel mul_mv_t_t_4 kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4<bfloat, bfloat4, float,  float4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_bf16_4")]] kernel mul_mv_t_t_4 kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4<bfloat, bfloat4, bfloat, bfloat4>;
+#endif
+
+template<typename T0, typename T1, typename args_t>
+void kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short_impl(
+        args_t args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3  tgpig,
+        ushort tiisg) {
+    const int r0 = tgpig.x*32 + tiisg;
+    const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
+    if (r0 >= args.ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
 
     const uint64_t offset0 = r0*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
 
-    device const T4 * x4 = (device const T4 *) (src0 + offset0);
+    device const T0 * x = (device const T0 *) (src0 + offset0);
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1;
 
-    for (int r1 = 0; r1 < nrows; ++r1) {
-        const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12   )*args.nb12 + (i13   )*args.nb13;
+    const uint64_t offset1 = r1*args.nb11 + (i12   )*args.nb12 + (i13   )*args.nb13;
 
-        device const float4 * y4 = (device const float4 *) (src1 + offset1);
+    device const T1 * y = (device const T1 *) (src1 + offset1);
 
-        float sumf = 0;
-        for (int i = tiisg; i < args.ne00/4; i += 32) {
-            sumf += dot((float4) x4[i], y4[i]);
-        }
+    float res = 0.0f;
 
-        float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf);
-        if (tiisg == 0) {
-            dst_f32[(uint64_t)r1*args.ne0 + r0] = sum_all;
-        }
+    for (int i = 0; i < args.ne00; ++i) {
+        res += (float) x[i] * (float) y[i];
     }
+
+    dst_f32[(uint64_t)r1*args.ne0 + r0] = res;
+}
+
+template<typename T0, typename T1>
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
+    kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short_impl<T0, T1, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(
+        args,
+        src0,
+        src1,
+        dst,
+        tgpig,
+        tiisg);
 }
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_l4<half, half4>) mul_mv_l4_t;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short<half, half>) mul_mv_t_t_short_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f32_l4")]]  kernel mul_mv_l4_t kernel_mul_mv_l4<half, half4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_f32_l4")]] kernel mul_mv_l4_t kernel_mul_mv_l4<bfloat, bfloat4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f32_f32_short")]]  kernel mul_mv_t_t_short_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short<float, float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f32_short")]]  kernel mul_mv_t_t_short_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short<half,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_f16_f16_short")]]  kernel mul_mv_t_t_short_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short<half,  half>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_f32_short")]]  kernel mul_mv_t_t_short_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short<bfloat, float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_bf16_bf16_short")]] kernel mul_mv_t_t_short_t kernel_mul_mv_t_t_short<bfloat, bfloat>;
 #endif
 
+constant bool FC_rope_is_imrope [[function_constant(FC_ROPE + 0)]];
+
 static float rope_yarn_ramp(const float low, const float high, const int i0) {
     const float y = (i0 / 2 - low) / max(0.001f, high - low);
     return 1.0f - min(1.0f, max(0.0f, y));
@@ -2705,7 +4154,7 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_norm(
 
             const float theta = theta_base * pow(args.freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
 
-            const float freq_factor = src2 != src0 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
+            const float freq_factor = args.src2 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
 
             rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, args.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, args.ext_factor, args.attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
 
@@ -2758,7 +4207,7 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_neox(
 
             const float theta = theta_base * pow(args.freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
 
-            const float freq_factor = src2 != src0 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
+            const float freq_factor = args.src2 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
 
             rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, args.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, args.ext_factor, args.attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
 
@@ -2816,20 +4265,32 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_multi(
             const int sector    = ic % sect_dims;
 
             float theta_base;
-            if (sector < args.sect_0) {
-                theta_base = (float) pos[i2];
-            } else if (sector < sec_w01) {
-                theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02];
-            } else if (sector < sec_w012) {
-                theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 2];
+            if (FC_rope_is_imrope) {
+                if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * args.sect_1) { // h
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 1];
+                } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * args.sect_2) { // w
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 2];
+                } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * args.sect_0) { // t
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 0];
+                } else { // e
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 3];
+                }
             } else {
-                theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 3];
+                if (sector < args.sect_0) {
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2];
+                } else if (sector < sec_w01) {
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 1];
+                } else if (sector < sec_w012) {
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 2];
+                } else {
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + args.ne02 * 3];
+                }
             }
             // end of mrope
 
             const float theta = theta_base * pow(args.freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
 
-            const float freq_factor = src2 != src0 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
+            const float freq_factor = args.src2 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
 
             rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, args.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, args.ext_factor, args.attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
 
@@ -2896,7 +4357,7 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_vision(
             const float theta = theta_base * pow(args.freq_base, 2.0f * inv_ndims * p);
             // end of mrope
 
-            const float freq_factor = src2 != src0 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
+            const float freq_factor = args.src2 ? ((device const float *) src2)[ic] : 1.0f;
 
             rope_yarn(theta/freq_factor, args.freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, args.ext_factor, args.attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
 
@@ -2936,9 +4397,9 @@ template [[host_name("kernel_rope_vision_f32")]] kernel kernel_rope_vision_t ker
 template [[host_name("kernel_rope_vision_f16")]] kernel kernel_rope_vision_t kernel_rope_vision<half>;
 
 typedef void (im2col_t)(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
         device const float * x,
         device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
         uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint3  tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
         uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
@@ -2946,9 +4407,9 @@ typedef void (im2col_t)(
 
 template <typename T>
 kernel void kernel_im2col(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
         device const float * x,
         device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
         uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint3  tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
         uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
@@ -2957,11 +4418,10 @@ kernel void kernel_im2col(
     const int64_t OH = tgpg[1];
     const int64_t OW = tgpg[2];
 
-//    const int64_t N  = ntg[0];
     const int64_t KH = ntg[1];
     const int64_t KW = ntg[2];
 
-    const int64_t in  = tpitg[0];
+          int64_t in  = tpitg[0];
     const int64_t ikh = tpitg[1];
     const int64_t ikw = tpitg[2];
 
@@ -2972,131 +4432,352 @@ kernel void kernel_im2col(
     const int64_t iiw = iow*args.s0 + ikw*args.d0 - args.p0;
     const int64_t iih = ioh*args.s1 + ikh*args.d1 - args.p1;
 
-    const int64_t offset_dst = (in*OH*OW + ioh*OW + iow)*args.CHW + (iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw);
+    int64_t offset_dst = (in*OH*OW + ioh*OW + iow)*args.CHW + (iic*(KH*KW) + ikh*KW + ikw);
 
     device T * pdst = (device T *) (dst);
 
     if (iih < 0 || iih >= args.IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= args.IW) {
-        pdst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
+        while (in < args.N) {
+            pdst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
+            offset_dst += ntg[0]*args.CHW*OH*OW;
+
+            in += ntg[0];
+        }
     } else {
-        const int64_t offset_src = in*args.ofs0 + iic*args.ofs1 + iih*args.IW + iiw;
-        pdst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src];
+        int64_t offset_src = in*args.ofs0 + iic*args.ofs1 + iih*args.IW + iiw;
+
+        while (in < args.N) {
+            pdst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src];
+
+            offset_dst += ntg[0]*args.CHW*OH*OW;
+            offset_src += ntg[0]*args.ofs0;
+
+            in += ntg[0];
+        }
     }
 }
 
 template [[host_name("kernel_im2col_f32")]] kernel im2col_t kernel_im2col<float>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_im2col_f16")]] kernel im2col_t kernel_im2col<half>;
 
-typedef void (im2col_ext_t)(
-        device const float * x,
-        device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
-        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint3  tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
-        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
+// TODO: obsolete -- remove
+//typedef void (im2col_ext_t)(
+//        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
+//        device const float * x,
+//        device        char * dst,
+//        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+//        uint3  tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
+//        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+//        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
+//
+//template <typename T>
+//kernel void kernel_im2col_ext(
+//        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
+//        device const float * x,
+//        device        char * dst,
+//        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+//        uint3  tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],      // tgpg[0] = D x IC x KH x KW, CHW = IC x KH x KW
+//        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+//        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {  // [M, 1, 1]
+//    const int64_t KHW = (int64_t)args.KHW;
+//
+//    const int64_t d   = tgpig[0] / args.CHW;
+//    const int64_t chw = tgpig[0] % args.CHW;
+//    const int64_t tgpig_0 = chw / KHW;  // 0 ~ (IC - 1)
+//    const int64_t HW = tgpig[0] % KHW;
+//
+//    const int64_t tpitg_0 = (d * ntg[0]) + tpitg[0];
+//    if (tpitg_0 >= args.N) {
+//        return;
+//    }
+//
+//    const int64_t tpitg_1 = HW / args.KW;
+//    const int64_t tpitg_2 = HW % args.KW;
+//
+//    const int64_t iiw = tgpig[2] * args.s0 + tpitg_2 * args.d0 - args.p0;
+//    const int64_t iih = tgpig[1] * args.s1 + tpitg_1 * args.d1 - args.p1;
+//
+//    const int64_t offset_dst =
+//        (tpitg_0 * tgpg[1] * tgpg[2] + tgpig[1] * tgpg[2] + tgpig[2]) * args.CHW +
+//        (tgpig_0 * KHW + tpitg_1 * args.KW + tpitg_2);
+//
+//    device T * pdst = (device T *) (dst);
+//
+//    if (iih < 0 || iih >= args.IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= args.IW) {
+//        pdst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
+//    } else {
+//        const int64_t offset_src = tpitg_0 * args.ofs0 + tgpig_0 * args.ofs1;
+//        pdst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src + iih * args.IW + iiw];
+//    }
+//}
+//
+//template [[host_name("kernel_im2col_ext_f32")]] kernel im2col_ext_t kernel_im2col_ext<float>;
+//template [[host_name("kernel_im2col_ext_f16")]] kernel im2col_ext_t kernel_im2col_ext<half>;
+
+template <typename TK>
+kernel void kernel_conv_2d(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_2d & args,
+        device const char * weights,
+        device const char * src,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
+        uint3   tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3     ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
 
-template <typename T>
-kernel void kernel_im2col_ext(
-        device const float * x,
-        device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_im2col & args,
-        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint3  tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],      // tgpg[0] = D x IC x KH x KW, CHW = IC x KH x KW
-        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {  // [M, 1, 1]
-    const int64_t KHW = (int64_t)args.KHW;
+    const uint threads_per_tg = ntg.x * ntg.y * ntg.z;
+    const uint tg_index = (tgpig.z * tgpg.y + tgpig.y) * tgpg.x + tgpig.x;
+    const uint local_thread = tpitg.z * (ntg.x * ntg.y) + tpitg.y * ntg.x + tpitg.x;
+    const uint thread_index = tg_index * threads_per_tg + local_thread;
+    const uint64_t total_threads = (uint64_t) threads_per_tg * tgpg.x * tgpg.y * tgpg.z;
+    const uint64_t total_outputs = (uint64_t) args.N * args.OC * args.OH * args.OW;
 
-    const int64_t d = tgpig[0] / args.CHW;
-    const int64_t chw = tgpig[0] % args.CHW;
-    const int64_t tgpig_0 = chw / KHW;  // 0 ~ (IC - 1)
-    const int64_t HW = tgpig[0] % KHW;
+    for (uint64_t index = thread_index; index < total_outputs; index += total_threads) {
+        uint64_t tmp = index;
 
-    const int64_t tpitg_0 = (d * ntg[0]) + tpitg[0];
-    if (tpitg_0 >= args.N) {
-        return;
-    }
+        const int32_t ow = tmp % args.OW; tmp /= args.OW;
+        const int32_t oh = tmp % args.OH; tmp /= args.OH;
+        const int32_t oc = tmp % args.OC; tmp /= args.OC;
+        const int32_t  n = tmp;
 
-    const int64_t tpitg_1 = HW / args.KW;
-    const int64_t tpitg_2 = HW % args.KW;
+        float acc = 0.0f;
 
-    const int64_t iiw = tgpig[2] * args.s0 + tpitg_2 * args.d0 - args.p0;
-    const int64_t iih = tgpig[1] * args.s1 + tpitg_1 * args.d1 - args.p1;
+        const int32_t base_x = ow*args.s0 - args.p0;
+        const int32_t base_y = oh*args.s1 - args.p1;
 
-    const int64_t offset_dst =
-        (tpitg_0 * tgpg[1] * tgpg[2] + tgpig[1] * tgpg[2] + tgpig[2]) * args.CHW +
-        (tgpig_0 * KHW + tpitg_1 * args.KW + tpitg_2);
+        int32_t ky_start = 0;
+        if (base_y < 0) {
+            ky_start = (-base_y + args.d1 - 1)/args.d1;
+        }
+        int32_t ky_end = args.KH;
+        const int32_t y_max = args.IH - 1 - base_y;
+        if (y_max < 0) {
+            ky_end = ky_start;
+        } else if (base_y + (args.KH - 1)*args.d1 >= args.IH) {
+            ky_end = min(ky_end, y_max/args.d1 + 1);
+        }
 
-    device T * pdst = (device T *) (dst);
+        int32_t kx_start = 0;
+        if (base_x < 0) {
+            kx_start = (-base_x + args.d0 - 1)/args.d0;
+        }
+        int32_t kx_end = args.KW;
+        const int32_t x_max = args.IW - 1 - base_x;
+        if (x_max < 0) {
+            kx_end = kx_start;
+        } else if (base_x + (args.KW - 1)*args.d0 >= args.IW) {
+            kx_end = min(kx_end, x_max/args.d0 + 1);
+        }
 
-    if (iih < 0 || iih >= args.IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= args.IW) {
-        pdst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
-    } else {
-        const int64_t offset_src = tpitg_0 * args.ofs0 + tgpig_0 * args.ofs1;
-        pdst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src + iih * args.IW + iiw];
+        if (ky_start < ky_end && kx_start < kx_end) {
+            const uint64_t src_base_n = (uint64_t) n  * args.nb13;
+            const uint64_t w_base_oc  = (uint64_t) oc * args.nb03;
+
+            for (int32_t ic = 0; ic < args.IC; ++ic) {
+                const uint64_t src_base_nc = src_base_n + (uint64_t) ic * args.nb12;
+                const uint64_t w_base_ocic = w_base_oc  + (uint64_t) ic * args.nb02;
+
+                for (int32_t ky = ky_start; ky < ky_end; ++ky) {
+                    const int32_t iy = base_y + ky*args.d1;
+                    const uint64_t src_base_row = src_base_nc + (uint64_t) iy * args.nb11;
+                    const uint64_t w_base_row   = w_base_ocic + (uint64_t) ky * args.nb01;
+
+                    for (int32_t kx = kx_start; kx < kx_end; ++kx) {
+                        const int32_t ix = base_x + kx*args.d0;
+                        const uint64_t src_offs = src_base_row + (uint64_t) ix * args.nb10;
+                        const uint64_t w_offs   = w_base_row   + (uint64_t) kx * args.nb00;
+
+                        const float x = *(device const float *)(src + src_offs);
+                        const float w = (float) (*(device const TK *)(weights + w_offs));
+
+                        acc += x * w;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        const uint64_t dst_offs =
+            (uint64_t) n  * args.nb3 +
+            (uint64_t) oc * args.nb2 +
+            (uint64_t) oh * args.nb1 +
+            (uint64_t) ow * args.nb0;
+
+        *(device float *)(dst + dst_offs) = acc;
     }
 }
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_im2col_ext_f32")]] kernel im2col_ext_t kernel_im2col_ext<float>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_im2col_ext_f16")]] kernel im2col_ext_t kernel_im2col_ext<half>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_conv_2d_f32_f32")]]
+kernel void kernel_conv_2d<float>(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_2d & args,
+        device const char * weights,
+        device const char * src,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
+        uint3   tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3     ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_conv_2d_f16_f32")]]
+kernel void kernel_conv_2d<half>(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_2d & args,
+        device const char * weights,
+        device const char * src,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
+        uint3   tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3     ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
 
 typedef void (conv_transpose_1d_t)(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
         device const float * src0,
         device const float * src1,
         device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]);
 
 template <typename T>
 kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_1d(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
         device const     T * src0,
         device const float * src1,
         device        char * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint3   tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]) {
 
-    float v = 0.0f;
+    float v = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int64_t c = 0; c < args.IC; c++) {
+        const int32_t kernel_offset = c * tgpg[1] * args.K + args.K * tgpig[1];
+        const int32_t input_offset = c * args.IL;
+
+        for (int64_t i = 0; i < args.IL; i++) {
+            if (tgpig[0] >= i * args.s0 && tgpig[0] < i * args.s0 + args.K) {
+                v += src0[kernel_offset + tgpig[0] - i * args.s0] * src1[input_offset + i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    device float * dst_ptr = (device float *) (dst + tgpig[0] * args.nb0 + tgpig[1] * args.nb1);
+
+    dst_ptr[0] = v;
+}
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_conv_transpose_1d_f32_f32")]]
+kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_1d<float>(
+    constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
+    device const float * src0,
+    device const float * src1,
+    device        char * dst,
+    uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+    uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]);
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_conv_transpose_1d_f16_f32")]]
+kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_1d<half>(
+    constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
+    device const half  * src0,
+    device const float * src1,
+    device        char * dst,
+    uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+    uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]);
+
+
+typedef void (conv_transpose_2d_t)(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_2d & args,
+        device const float * src0,
+        device const float * src1,
+        device        char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]);
+
+template <typename T>
+kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_2d(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_2d & args,
+        device const T * src0,
+        device const float * src1,
+        device        char * dst,
+        threadgroup float * shared_sum [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        uint3   tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        uint3     ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+
+    const int64_t out_x = tgpig[0];
+    const int64_t out_y = tgpig[1];
+    const int64_t out_c = tgpig[2];
+
+    const int64_t kw = tpitg[0];
+    const int64_t kh = tpitg[1];
+
+    float v = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int64_t in_c = 0; in_c < args.IC; in_c++) {
+        int64_t in_y = out_y - kh;
+
+        if (in_y < 0 || in_y % args.s0) continue;
+
+        in_y /= args.s0;
+
+        if (in_y >= args.IH) continue;
+
+        int64_t in_x = out_x - kw;
+
+        if (in_x < 0 || in_x % args.s0) continue;
 
-    for (int64_t c = 0; c < args.IC; c++) {
-        const int32_t kernel_offset = c * tgpg[1] * args.K + args.K * tgpig[1];
-        const int32_t input_offset = c * args.IL;
+        in_x /= args.s0;
 
-        for (int64_t i = 0; i < args.IL; i++) {
-            if (tgpig[0] >= i * args.s0 && tgpig[0] < i * args.s0 + args.K) {
-                v += src0[kernel_offset + tgpig[0] - i * args.s0] * src1[input_offset + i];
-            }
-        }
+        if (in_x >= args.IW) continue;
+
+        const int64_t input_idx = (args.IW * args.IH) * in_c + (args.IW) * in_y + in_x;
+        const int64_t kernel_idx = (args.KH * args.KW * args.OC) * in_c + (args.KH * args.KW) * out_c + (args.KW) * kh + kw;
+
+        v += (float)src0[kernel_idx] * src1[input_idx];
     }
 
-    device float * dst_ptr = (device float *) (dst + tgpig[0] * args.nb0 + tgpig[1] * args.nb1);
+    const uint tid = tpitg.y * ntg.x + tpitg.x;
+    shared_sum[tid] = v;
 
-    dst_ptr[0] = v;
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        float total = 0.0f;
+        const uint num_threads = ntg.x * ntg.y;
+        for (uint i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
+            total += shared_sum[i];
+        }
+
+        device float * dst_ptr = (device float *) (dst + out_x*args.nb0 + out_y * args.nb1 + out_c*args.nb2);
+        dst_ptr[0] = total;
+    }
 }
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_conv_transpose_1d_f32_f32")]]
-kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_1d<float>(
+template [[host_name("kernel_conv_transpose_2d_f32_f32")]]
+kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_2d<float>(
+    constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_2d & args,
     device const float * src0,
     device const float * src1,
     device        char * dst,
-    constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
+    threadgroup float * shared_sum [[threadgroup(0)]],
     uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-    uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]);
+    uint3   tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+    uint3     ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_conv_transpose_1d_f16_f32")]]
-kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_1d<half>(
+template [[host_name("kernel_conv_transpose_2d_f16_f32")]]
+kernel void kernel_conv_transpose_2d<half>(
+    constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_2d & args,
     device const half  * src0,
     device const float * src1,
     device        char * dst,
-    constant ggml_metal_kargs_conv_transpose_1d & args,
+    threadgroup float * shared_sum [[threadgroup(0)]],
     uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-    uint3    tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]]);
+    uint3   tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+    uint3     ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
 
-kernel void kernel_upscale_f32(
+constant bool FC_upscale_aa [[function_constant(FC_UPSCALE + 0)]];
+
+kernel void kernel_upscale_nearest_f32(
+    constant ggml_metal_kargs_upscale & args,
     device  const char * src0,
     device        char * dst,
-    constant ggml_metal_kargs_upscale & args,
     uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
     uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
     uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
@@ -3119,10 +4800,160 @@ kernel void kernel_upscale_f32(
     }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_pad_f32(
+static inline float bilinear_tri(float x) {
+    return MAX(0.0f, 1.0f - fabs(x));
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_upscale_bilinear_f32(
+    constant ggml_metal_kargs_upscale & args,
+    device  const char * src0,
+    device        char * dst,
+    uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+    uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+    uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+
+    const int64_t i3 = tgpig.z;
+    const int64_t i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int64_t i1 = tgpig.x;
+
+    const int64_t i03 = i3 / args.sf3;
+    const int64_t i02 = i2 / args.sf2;
+
+    const float   f01  = ((float)i1 + args.poffs) / args.sf1 - args.poffs;
+    const int64_t i01  = MAX(0, MIN(args.ne01 - 1, (int64_t)floor(f01)));
+    const int64_t i01p = MAX(0, MIN(args.ne01 - 1, i01 + 1));
+    const float   fd1  = MAX(0.0f, MIN(1.0f, f01 - (float)i01));
+
+    src0 += i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02;
+
+    device float * dst_ptr = (device float *)(dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1);
+
+    if (FC_upscale_aa) {
+        const float support0  = MAX(1.0f, 1.0f / args.sf0);
+        const float invscale0 = 1.0f / support0;
+        const float support1  = MAX(1.0f, 1.0f / args.sf1);
+        const float invscale1 = 1.0f / support1;
+
+        for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
+            const float f00 = ((float)i0 + args.poffs) / args.sf0 - args.poffs;
+
+            int64_t x_min = MAX((int64_t)0, (int64_t)floor(f00 - support0 + args.poffs));
+            int64_t x_max = MIN(args.ne00,  (int64_t)ceil (f00 + support0 + args.poffs));
+
+            int64_t y_min = MAX((int64_t)0, (int64_t)floor(f01 - support1 + args.poffs));
+            int64_t y_max = MIN(args.ne01,  (int64_t)ceil (f01 + support1 + args.poffs));
+
+            float sum = 0.0f;
+            float wsum = 0.0f;
+
+            for (int64_t sy = y_min; sy < y_max; ++sy) {
+                const float wy = MAX(0.0f, 1.0f - fabs((float)sy - f01) * invscale1);
+                for (int64_t sx = x_min; sx < x_max; ++sx) {
+                    const float wx = MAX(0.0f, 1.0f - fabs((float)sx - f00) * invscale0);
+                    const float w  = wx * wy;
+                    const device const float * src_ptr = (device const float *)(src0 + sy*args.nb01 + sx*args.nb00);
+                    sum  += (*src_ptr) * w;
+                    wsum += w;
+                }
+            }
+
+            const float v = (wsum > 0.0f) ? (sum / wsum) : 0.0f;
+            dst_ptr[i0] = v;
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
+            const float   f00  = ((float)i0 + args.poffs) / args.sf0 - args.poffs;
+            const int64_t i00  = MAX(0, MIN(args.ne00 - 1, (int64_t)floor(f00)));
+            const int64_t i00p = MAX(0, MIN(args.ne00 - 1, i00 + 1));
+            const float   fd0  = MAX(0.0f, MIN(1.0f, f00 - (float)i00));
+
+            device const float * src00 = (device const float *)(src0 + i01*args.nb01  + i00*args.nb00);
+            device const float * src10 = (device const float *)(src0 + i01*args.nb01  + i00p*args.nb00);
+            device const float * src01 = (device const float *)(src0 + i01p*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
+            device const float * src11 = (device const float *)(src0 + i01p*args.nb01 + i00p*args.nb00);
+
+            const float v =
+                (*src00) * (1.0f - fd0) * (1.0f - fd1) +
+                (*src10) * fd0          * (1.0f - fd1) +
+                (*src01) * (1.0f - fd0) * fd1 +
+                (*src11) * fd0          * fd1;
+
+            dst_ptr[i0] = v;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline float bicubic_weight1(float x) {
+    const float a = -0.75f;
+    return ((a + 2) * x - (a + 3)) * x * x + 1;
+}
+
+static inline float bicubic_weight2(float x) {
+    const float a = -0.75f;
+    return ((a * x - 5 * a) * x + 8 * a) * x - 4 * a;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_upscale_bicubic_f32(
+    constant ggml_metal_kargs_upscale & args,
     device  const char * src0,
     device        char * dst,
+    uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+    uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+    uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+
+    const int64_t i3 = tgpig.z;
+    const int64_t i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int64_t i1 = tgpig.x;
+
+    const int64_t i03 = i3 / args.sf3;
+    const int64_t i02 = i2 / args.sf2;
+
+    const float   f01 = ((float)i1 + args.poffs) / args.sf1 - args.poffs;
+    const int64_t i01 = (int64_t)floor(f01);
+    const float   fd1 = f01 - (float)i01;
+
+    const float w_y0 = bicubic_weight2(fd1 + 1.0f);
+    const float w_y1 = bicubic_weight1(fd1);
+    const float w_y2 = bicubic_weight1(1.0f - fd1);
+    const float w_y3 = bicubic_weight2(2.0f - fd1);
+
+    const device const char * src_slice = src0 + i03 * args.nb03 + i02 * args.nb02;
+
+    device float * dst_ptr = (device float *)(dst + i3 * args.nb3 + i2 * args.nb2 + i1 * args.nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += ntg.x) {
+        const float   f00 = ((float)i0 + args.poffs) / args.sf0 - args.poffs;
+        const int64_t i00 = (int64_t)floor(f00);
+        const float   fd0 = f00 - (float)i00;
+
+        const float w_x0 = bicubic_weight2(fd0 + 1.0f);
+        const float w_x1 = bicubic_weight1(fd0);
+        const float w_x2 = bicubic_weight1(1.0f - fd0);
+        const float w_x3 = bicubic_weight2(2.0f - fd0);
+
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+
+        for (int dy = -1; dy <= 2; ++dy) {
+            const int64_t iy = MAX(0, MIN(args.ne01 - 1, i01 + dy));
+            const float wy = (dy == -1) ? w_y0 : (dy == 0) ? w_y1 : (dy == 1) ? w_y2 : w_y3;
+
+            for (int dx = -1; dx <= 2; ++dx) {
+                const int64_t ix = MAX(0, MIN(args.ne00 - 1, i00 + dx));
+                const float wx = (dx == -1) ? w_x0 : (dx == 0) ? w_x1 : (dx == 1) ? w_x2 : w_x3;
+
+                const device const float * src_ptr = (device const float *)(src_slice + iy * args.nb01 + ix * args.nb00);
+                sum += (*src_ptr) * wx * wy;
+            }
+        }
+
+        dst_ptr[i0] = sum;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_pad_f32(
     constant ggml_metal_kargs_pad & args,
+    device  const char * src0,
+    device        char * dst,
     uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
     uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
     uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
@@ -3156,9 +4987,9 @@ kernel void kernel_pad_f32(
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_pad_reflect_1d_f32(
+    constant   ggml_metal_kargs_pad_reflect_1d & args,
     device  const char * src0,
     device        char * dst,
-    constant   ggml_metal_kargs_pad_reflect_1d & args,
     uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
     uint3  tgpg[[threadgroups_per_grid]],
     uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
@@ -3189,8 +5020,8 @@ kernel void kernel_pad_reflect_1d_f32(
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_arange_f32(
-    device        char * dst,
     constant   ggml_metal_kargs_arange & args,
+    device        char * dst,
     uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
     uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
     uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
@@ -3203,9 +5034,9 @@ kernel void kernel_arange_f32(
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_timestep_embedding_f32(
+    constant  ggml_metal_kargs_timestep_embedding & args,
     device  const char * src0,
     device        char * dst,
-    constant  ggml_metal_kargs_timestep_embedding & args,
     uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
     uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
     uint3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
@@ -3223,83 +5054,388 @@ kernel void kernel_timestep_embedding_f32(
     }
 
     if (args.dim % 2 != 0 && tpitg.x == 0) {
-        embed_data[args.dim] = 0.f;
+        embed_data[2 * half_] = 0.f;
     }
 }
 
 // bitonic sort implementation following the CUDA kernels as reference
 typedef void (argsort_t)(
-        device const float  * x,
-        device     int32_t  * dst,
         constant   ggml_metal_kargs_argsort & args,
-        threadgroup int32_t * shared_values [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]]);
+        device   const char * src0,
+        device      int32_t * dst,
+        threadgroup int32_t * shmem_i32 [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
 
 template<ggml_sort_order order>
 kernel void kernel_argsort_f32_i32(
-        device const float   * x,
-        device       int32_t * dst,
         constant   ggml_metal_kargs_argsort & args,
-        threadgroup int32_t  * shared_values [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint3 tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]]) {
+        device   const char * src0,
+        device      int32_t * dst,
+        threadgroup int32_t * shmem_i32 [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
     // bitonic sort
-    int col = tpitg[0];
-    int row = tgpig[1];
+    const int col = tpitg[0];
+    const int ib  = tgpig[0] / args.ne01;
+
+    const int i00 = ib*ntg.x;
+    const int i01 = tgpig[0] % args.ne01;
+    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
+    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
+
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *) (src0 + args.nb01*i01 + args.nb02*i02 + args.nb03*i03);
+
+    // initialize indices
+    shmem_i32[col] = i00 + col;
+
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    for (int k = 2; k <= ntg.x; k *= 2) {
+        for (int j = k / 2; j > 0; j /= 2) {
+            int ixj = col ^ j;
+            if (ixj > col) {
+                if ((col & k) == 0) {
+                    if (shmem_i32[col] >= args.ne00 ||
+                       (shmem_i32[ixj] <  args.ne00 && (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC ?
+                            src0_row[shmem_i32[col]] > src0_row[shmem_i32[ixj]] :
+                            src0_row[shmem_i32[col]] < src0_row[shmem_i32[ixj]]))
+                    ) {
+                        SWAP(shmem_i32[col], shmem_i32[ixj]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (shmem_i32[ixj] >= args.ne00 ||
+                       (shmem_i32[col] <  args.ne00 && (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC ?
+                            src0_row[shmem_i32[col]] < src0_row[shmem_i32[ixj]] :
+                            src0_row[shmem_i32[col]] > src0_row[shmem_i32[ixj]]))
+                    ) {
+                        SWAP(shmem_i32[col], shmem_i32[ixj]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i0 = ib*args.top_k;
+
+    // copy the result to dst without the padding
+    if (i0 + col < args.ne0 && col < args.top_k) {
+        dst += i0 + args.ne0*i01 + args.ne0*args.ne1*i02 + args.ne0*args.ne1*args.ne2*i03;
+
+        dst[col] = shmem_i32[col];
+    }
+}
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_argsort_f32_i32_asc")]]  kernel argsort_t kernel_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_argsort_f32_i32_desc")]] kernel argsort_t kernel_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC>;
+
+typedef void (argsort_merge_t)(
+        constant   ggml_metal_kargs_argsort_merge & args,
+        device const char    * src0,
+        device const int32_t * tmp,
+        device       int32_t * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]);
+
+template<ggml_sort_order order>
+kernel void kernel_argsort_merge_f32_i32(
+        constant   ggml_metal_kargs_argsort_merge & args,
+        device const char    * src0,
+        device const int32_t * tmp,
+        device       int32_t * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+
+    const int im  = tgpig[0] / args.ne01;
+    const int i01 = tgpig[0] % args.ne01;
+    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
+    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
+
+    const int start = im * (2 * args.len);
+
+    const int len0 = MIN(args.len, MAX(0, args.ne0 - (int)(start)));
+    const int len1 = MIN(args.len, MAX(0, args.ne0 - (int)(start + args.len)));
+
+    const int total = len0 + len1;
+
+    device const int32_t * tmp0 = tmp + start
+        + i01*args.ne0
+        + i02*args.ne0*args.ne01
+        + i03*args.ne0*args.ne01*args.ne02;
+
+    device const int32_t * tmp1 = tmp0 + args.len;
+
+    dst += start
+        + i01*args.top_k
+        + i02*args.top_k*args.ne01
+        + i03*args.top_k*args.ne01*args.ne02;
+
+    device const float * src0_row = (device const float *)(src0
+        + args.nb01*i01
+        + args.nb02*i02
+        + args.nb03*i03);
+
+    if (total == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int chunk = (total + ntg.x - 1) / ntg.x;
+
+    const int k0 = tpitg.x * chunk;
+    const int k1 = MIN(MIN(k0 + chunk, total), args.top_k);
+
+    if (k0 >= args.top_k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (k0 >= total) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int low  = k0 > len1 ? k0 - len1 : 0;
+    int high = MIN(k0, len0);
+
+    // binary-search partition (i, j) such that i + j = k
+    while (low < high) {
+        const int mid = (low + high) >> 1;
+
+        const int32_t idx0 = tmp0[mid];
+        const int32_t idx1 = tmp1[k0 - mid - 1];
+
+        const float val0 = src0_row[idx0];
+        const float val1 = src0_row[idx1];
+
+        bool take_left;
+        if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
+            take_left = (val0 <= val1);
+        } else {
+            take_left = (val0 >= val1);
+        }
+
+        if (take_left) {
+            low = mid + 1;
+        } else {
+            high = mid;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int i = low;
+    int j = k0 - i;
+
+    // keep the merge fronts into registers
+    int32_t idx0 = 0;
+    float   val0 = 0.0f;
+    if (i < len0) {
+        idx0 = tmp0[i];
+        val0 = src0_row[idx0];
+    }
+
+    int32_t idx1 = 0;
+    float   val1 = 0.0f;
+    if (j < len1) {
+        idx1 = tmp1[j];
+        val1 = src0_row[idx1];
+    }
+
+    for (int k = k0; k < k1; ++k) {
+        int32_t out_idx;
+
+        if (i >= len0) {
+            while (k < k1) {
+                dst[k++] = tmp1[j++];
+            }
+            break;
+        } else if (j >= len1) {
+            while (k < k1) {
+                dst[k++] = tmp0[i++];
+            }
+            break;
+        } else {
+            bool take_left;
+
+            if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
+                take_left = (val0 <= val1);
+            } else {
+                take_left = (val0 >= val1);
+            }
+
+            if (take_left) {
+                out_idx = idx0;
+                ++i;
+                if (i < len0) {
+                    idx0 = tmp0[i];
+                    val0 = src0_row[idx0];
+                }
+            } else {
+                out_idx = idx1;
+                ++j;
+                if (j < len1) {
+                    idx1 = tmp1[j];
+                    val1 = src0_row[idx1];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        dst[k] = out_idx;
+    }
+}
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_argsort_merge_f32_i32_asc")]]  kernel argsort_merge_t kernel_argsort_merge_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_argsort_merge_f32_i32_desc")]] kernel argsort_merge_t kernel_argsort_merge_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC>;
+
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_pad_has_mask [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 0)]];
+
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_pad_ncpsg [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_PAD + 25)]];
+
+// pad the last chunk of C elements of k and v into a an extra pad buffer
+kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_pad(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_pad & args,
+        device const char * k,
+        device const char * v,
+        device const char * mask,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort  tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int32_t C = FC_flash_attn_ext_pad_ncpsg;
+
+    device char * k_pad    = dst;
+    device char * v_pad    = k_pad + args.nb11*C*args.ne_12_2*args.ne_12_3;
+    device char * mask_pad = v_pad + args.nb21*C*args.ne_12_2*args.ne_12_3;
+
+    const int32_t icp = args.ne11 % C;
+    const int32_t ic0 = args.ne11 - icp;
+
+    const int32_t i1 = tgpig[0];
+    const int32_t i2 = tgpig[1];
+    const int32_t i3 = tgpig[2];
+
+    if (i2 < args.ne_12_2 && i3 < args.ne_12_3) {
+        device const char * k_src = k + args.nb11*(ic0 + i1) + args.nb12*i2 + args.nb13*i3;
+        device const char * v_src = v + args.nb21*(ic0 + i1) + args.nb22*i2 + args.nb23*i3;
+
+        device char * k_dst = k_pad + args.nb11*i1 + args.nb11*C*i2 + args.nb11*C*args.ne_12_2*i3;
+        device char * v_dst = v_pad + args.nb21*i1 + args.nb21*C*i2 + args.nb21*C*args.ne_12_2*i3;
+
+        if (i1 >= icp) {
+            // here it is not important the exact value that will be used as we rely on masking out the scores in the attention
+            for (uint64_t i = tiitg; i < args.nb11; i += ntg.x) {
+                k_dst[i] = 0;
+            }
+            for (uint64_t i = tiitg; i < args.nb21; i += ntg.x) {
+                v_dst[i] = 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (uint64_t i = tiitg; i < args.nb11; i += ntg.x) {
+                k_dst[i] = k_src[i];
+            }
+            for (uint64_t i = tiitg; i < args.nb21; i += ntg.x) {
+                v_dst[i] = v_src[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (FC_flash_attn_ext_pad_has_mask) {
+        if (i2 < args.ne32 && i3 < args.ne33) {
+            for (int ib = i1; ib < args.ne31; ib += C) {
+                device const half * mask_src = (device const half *)(mask      + args.nb31*ib + args.nb32*i2 + args.nb33*i3) + ic0;
+                device       half * mask_dst = (device       half *)(mask_pad) + C*ib + C*args.ne31*i2 + C*args.ne31*args.ne32*i3;
+
+                for (int i = tiitg; i < C; i += ntg.x) {
+                    if (i >= icp) {
+                        mask_dst[i] = -MAXHALF;
+                    } else {
+                        mask_dst[i] = mask_src[i];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_blk_nqptg [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 24)]];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_blk_ncpsg [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_BLK + 25)]];
+
+// scan the blocks of the mask that are not masked
+// 0 -     masked (i.e. full of -INF, skip)
+// 1 - not masked (i.e. at least one element of the mask is not -INF)
+// 2 - all zero
+kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_blk(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_blk & args,
+        device const char * mask,
+        device       char * dst,
+        uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]]) {
+    // block size C x Q
+    const int32_t Q = FC_flash_attn_ext_blk_nqptg;
+    const int32_t C = FC_flash_attn_ext_blk_ncpsg;
+
+    constexpr short NW  = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+
+    const int32_t i3 = tgpig[2]/args.ne32;
+    const int32_t i2 = tgpig[2]%args.ne32;
+    const int32_t i1 = tgpig[1];
+    const int32_t i0 = tgpig[0];
 
-    if (col >= args.ncols_pad) return;
+    char res = i0*C + C > args.ne30 ? 1 : 0;
 
-    device const float   * x_row   = x + row * args.ncols;
-    threadgroup int32_t  * dst_row = shared_values;
+    device const half * mask_src = (device const half *) (mask + (i1*Q)*args.nb31 + i2*args.nb32 + i3*args.nb33) + i0*C + tiisg;
 
-    // initialize indices
-    dst_row[col] = col;
+    // detailed check of the elements of the block
+    if ((C > NW || Q > 1) && res == 0) {
+        half mmin =  MAXHALF;
+        half mmax = -MAXHALF;
 
-    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+        FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < Q; ++j) {
+            FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < C/NW; ++ii) {
+                mmin = min(mmin, mask_src[ii*NW]);
+                mmax = max(mmax, mask_src[ii*NW]);
+            }
 
-    for (int k = 2; k <= args.ncols_pad; k *= 2) {
-        for (int j = k / 2; j > 0; j /= 2) {
-            int ixj = col ^ j;
-            if (ixj > col) {
-                if ((col & k) == 0) {
-                    if (dst_row[col] >= args.ncols ||
-                        (dst_row[ixj] < args.ncols && (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC ?
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] > x_row[dst_row[ixj]] :
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] < x_row[dst_row[ixj]]))
-                    ) {
-                        SWAP(dst_row[col], dst_row[ixj]);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (dst_row[ixj] >= args.ncols ||
-                        (dst_row[col] < args.ncols && (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC ?
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] < x_row[dst_row[ixj]] :
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] > x_row[dst_row[ixj]]))
-                    ) {
-                        SWAP(dst_row[col], dst_row[ixj]);
-                    }
-                }
+            mask_src += args.nb31/2;
+        }
+
+        mmin = simd_min(mmin);
+        mmax = simd_max(mmax);
+
+        if (mmax > -MAXHALF) {
+            if (mmin == 0.0 && mmax == 0.0) {
+                res = 2;
+            } else {
+                res = 1;
             }
-            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
         }
     }
 
-    // copy the result to dst without the padding
-    if (col < args.ncols) {
-        dst[row * args.ncols + col] = dst_row[col];
+    const int32_t nblk1 = ((args.ne01 + Q - 1)/Q);
+    const int32_t nblk0 = ((args.ne30 + C - 1)/C);
+
+    if (tiisg == 0) {
+        dst[((i3*args.ne32 + i2)*nblk1 + i1)*nblk0 + i0] = res;
     }
 }
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_argsort_f32_i32_asc")]]  kernel argsort_t kernel_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_argsort_f32_i32_desc")]] kernel argsort_t kernel_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC>;
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_has_mask  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 0)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_has_sinks [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 1)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_has_bias  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 2)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_has_scap  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 3)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_has_kvpad [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 4)]];
 
-kernel void kernel_leaky_relu_f32(
-        device const float * src0,
-        device       float * dst,
-        constant     ggml_metal_kargs_leaky_relu & args,
-        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] > 0.0f ? src0[tpig] : src0[tpig] * args.slope;
-}
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_bc_mask [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 10)]];
+
+//constant float FC_flash_attn_ext_scale         [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 10)]];
+//constant float FC_flash_attn_ext_max_bias      [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 11)]];
+//constant float FC_flash_attn_ext_logit_softcap [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 12)]];
+
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_ns10 [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 20)]];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_ns20 [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 21)]];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_nsg  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT + 22)]];
 
 // ref: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.08691.pdf
 template<
@@ -3315,6 +5451,7 @@ template<
     typename qk_t,    // Q*K types
     typename qk8x8_t,
     typename s_t,     // soft-max types
+    typename s2_t,
     typename s8x8_t,
     typename o_t,     // attention accumulation types
     typename o4_t,
@@ -3325,58 +5462,107 @@ template<
     typename vd4x4_t, // value type in device memory
     short nl_v,
     void (*deq_v)(device const vd4x4_t *, short, thread v4x4_t &),
-    short DK,        // K head size
-    short DV,        // V head size
-    short Q  = 8,    // queries per threadgroup
-    short KV = 8,    // key/value processed per each simdgroup
-    short C  = 32>   // cache items per threadgroup
-kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext(
+    short DK,         // K head size
+    short DV,         // V head size
+    short Q,          // queries per threadgroup
+    short C,          // cache items per threadgroup
+    short NSG>        // number of simd groups
+void kernel_flash_attn_ext_impl(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext & args,
         device const char * q,
         device const char * k,
         device const char * v,
         device const char * mask,
+        device const char * sinks,
+        device const char * pad,
+        device const char * blk,
         device       char * dst,
-        threadgroup  half * shmem_f16 [[threadgroup(0)]],
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]],
-        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
-        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    const short nsg = ntg.y; // number of simdgroups
-
-    const int iq3 = tgpig[2];
-    const int iq2 = tgpig[1];
-    const int iq1 = tgpig[0]*Q;
+        threadgroup  half * shmem_f16,
+        uint3   tgpig,
+        ushort  tiisg,
+        ushort  sgitg) {
+    const ushort iq3 = tgpig[2];
+    const ushort iq2 = tgpig[1];
+    const ushort iq1 = tgpig[0]*Q;
+
+#define NS10 (FC_flash_attn_ext_ns10)
+#define NS20 (FC_flash_attn_ext_ns20)
+
+    // note: I had some concerns that using this instead of the ugly macros above was affecting performance
+    //       need to re-check carefully and if no regressions are observerd - remove the macros
+    //       the concerns is that maybe using const variables requires extra registers? but not sure if the compiler
+    //         is clever enough to avoid this. unfortunately, using constexpr is not possible with FC
+    //const short NS10 = FC_flash_attn_ext_ns10;
+    //const short NS20 = FC_flash_attn_ext_ns20;
+
+    constexpr short KV   = 8;
 
     constexpr short DK4  = DK/4;
     constexpr short DK8  = DK/8;
     constexpr short DK16 = DK/16;
     constexpr short DV4  = DV/4;
-    constexpr short DV8  = DV/8;
+  //constexpr short DV8  = DV/8;
     constexpr short DV16 = DV/16;
 
+    constexpr short PV   = PAD2(DV, 64);
+    constexpr short PV4  = PV/4;
+    constexpr short PV8  = PV/8;
+  //constexpr short PV16 = PV/16;
+
     constexpr short NW  = N_SIMDWIDTH;
-    constexpr short SH  = (2*C + Q); // shared memory per simdgroup (s_t == float)
+    constexpr short NQ  = Q/NSG;
+    constexpr short SH  = 2*C; // shared memory per simdgroup (s_t == float)
+
+    constexpr short TS = 2*SH;
+    constexpr short T  = DK + 2*PV; // shared memory size per query in (half)
+
+    threadgroup q_t  * sq  = (threadgroup q_t  *) (shmem_f16 + 0*T); // holds the query data
+    threadgroup q4_t * sq4 = (threadgroup q4_t *) (shmem_f16 + 0*T); // same as above but in q4_t
+    threadgroup o_t  * so  = (threadgroup o_t  *) (shmem_f16 + 0*T + Q*DK); // the result for all queries in 8x8 matrices (the O matrix from the paper)
+    threadgroup o4_t * so4 = (threadgroup o4_t *) (shmem_f16 + 0*T + Q*DK);
+    threadgroup s_t  * ss  = (threadgroup s_t  *) (shmem_f16 + Q*T); // scratch buffer for attention, mask and diagonal matrix
+    threadgroup s2_t * ss2 = (threadgroup s2_t *) (shmem_f16 + Q*T); // same as above but in s2_t
+
+    threadgroup k_t    * sk    = (threadgroup k_t    *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T + Q*TS); // scratch buffer to load K in shared memory
+    threadgroup k4x4_t * sk4x4 = (threadgroup k4x4_t *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T + Q*TS); // same as above but in k4x4_t
+
+    threadgroup v_t    * sv    = (threadgroup v_t    *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T + Q*TS); // scratch buffer to load V in shared memory
+    threadgroup v4x4_t * sv4x4 = (threadgroup v4x4_t *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T + Q*TS); // same as above but in v4x4_t
 
-    const short TS = nsg*SH;      // shared memory size per query in (s_t == float)
-    const short T  = 2*DK + 2*TS; // shared memory size per query in (half)
+    // mask storage in shared mem
+    threadgroup half2 * sm2 = (threadgroup half2 *) (shmem_f16 + Q*T + 2*C);
 
-    threadgroup q_t  * sq  = (threadgroup q_t  *) (shmem_f16 +                0*DK); // holds the query data
-    threadgroup q4_t * sq4 = (threadgroup q4_t *) (shmem_f16 +                0*DK); // same as above but in q4_t
-    threadgroup s_t  * ss  = (threadgroup s_t  *) (shmem_f16 + 2*sgitg*SH + 2*Q*DK); // scratch buffer for attention, mask and diagonal matrix
+    // per-query mask pointers
+    device const half2 * pm2[NQ];
 
-    threadgroup k_t    * sk    = (threadgroup k_t    *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T); // scratch buffer to load K in shared memory
-    threadgroup k4x4_t * sk4x4 = (threadgroup k4x4_t *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T); // same as above but in k4x4_t
+    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+        const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+
+        pm2[jj] = (device const half2 *) ((device const char *) mask + (iq1 + j)*args.nb31 + (iq2%args.ne32)*args.nb32 + (iq3%args.ne33)*args.nb33);
+    }
+
+    {
+        const int32_t nblk1 = ((args.ne01 + Q - 1)/Q);
+        const int32_t nblk0 = ((args.ne11 + C - 1)/C);
+
+        blk += (((iq3%args.ne33)*args.ne32 + (iq2%args.ne32))*nblk1 + iq1/Q)*nblk0;
+    }
+
+    {
+        q += iq1*args.nb01 + iq2*args.nb02 + iq3*args.nb03;
 
-    threadgroup v_t    * sv    = (threadgroup v_t    *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T); // scratch buffer to load V in shared memory
-    threadgroup v4x4_t * sv4x4 = (threadgroup v4x4_t *) (shmem_f16 + sgitg*(4*16*KV) + Q*T); // same as above but in v4x4_t
+        const short ikv2 = iq2/(args.ne02/args.ne_12_2);
+        const short ikv3 = iq3/(args.ne03/args.ne_12_3);
 
-    // store the result for all queries in local memory in 8x8 matrices (the O matrix from the paper)
-    o8x8_t lo[DV8];
+        k += ikv2*args.nb12 + ikv3*args.nb13;
+        v += ikv2*args.nb22 + ikv3*args.nb23;
+    }
 
     // load heads from Q to shared memory
-    for (short j = sgitg; j < Q; j += nsg) {
-        device const float4 * q4 = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) q + ((iq1 + j)*args.nb01 + iq2*args.nb02 + iq3*args.nb03));
+    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+        const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+
+        device const float4 * q4 = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) q + j*args.nb01);
 
         for (short i = tiisg; i < DK4; i += NW) {
             if (iq1 + j < args.ne01) {
@@ -3387,43 +5573,30 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext(
         }
     }
 
-    // zero out lo
-    for (short i = 0; i < DV8; ++i) {
-        lo[i] = make_filled_simdgroup_matrix<o_t, 8>((o_t) 0.0f);
-    }
+    // zero out
+    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+        const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+
+        for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NW) {
+            so4[j*PV4 + i] = 0;
+        }
 
-    // zero out shared memory SH
-    for (short j = 0; j < Q; ++j) {
         for (short i = tiisg; i < SH; i += NW) {
-            ss[j*TS + i] = 0.0f;
+            ss[j*SH + i] = 0.0f;
         }
     }
 
     threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-    {
-        float S[Q] = { [0 ... Q-1] = 0.0f };
-        float M[Q] = { [0 ... Q-1] = -__FLT_MAX__/2 };
-
-        // thread indices inside the simdgroup
-        // TODO: see if we can utilize quad-group functions for better performance
-        //       https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf (6.9.3)
-        const short tx = tiisg%4;
-        const short ty = tiisg/4;
-
-        // broadcast kv
-        //const short rk2 = args.ne02/args.ne12;
-        //const short rk3 = args.ne03/args.ne13;
-
-        const short ikv2 = iq2/(args.ne02/args.ne_12_2);
-        const short ikv3 = iq3/(args.ne03/args.ne_12_3);
+    float S[NQ] = { [0 ... NQ-1] = 0.0f };
 
-        const bool has_mask = mask != q;
+    {
+        float M[NQ] = { [0 ... NQ-1] = -FLT_MAX/2 };
 
         float slope = 1.0f;
 
         // ALiBi
-        if (args.max_bias > 0.0f) {
+        if (FC_flash_attn_ext_has_bias) {
             const short h = iq2;
 
             const float base = h < args.n_head_log2 ? args.m0 : args.m1;
@@ -3434,177 +5607,368 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext(
 
         // loop over the KV cache
         // each simdgroup handles blocks of Q rows and C columns
-        for (int ic0 = 0; ic0 < args.ne11; ic0 += C*nsg) {
-            const int ic = ic0 + C*sgitg;
+        for (int ic0 = 0; ; ++ic0) {
+            int ic = ic0*C;
             if (ic >= args.ne11) {
                 break;
             }
 
-            if (has_mask) {
-                // used to detect blocks full of -INF
-                float smax = -INFINITY;
+            // the last partial chunk uses the pad buffer as source
+            if (FC_flash_attn_ext_has_kvpad && ic + C > args.ne11) {
+                k    = pad;
+                v    = k + args.nb11*C*args.ne_12_2*args.ne_12_3;
+                mask = v + args.nb21*C*args.ne_12_2*args.ne_12_3;
+
+                const short ikv2 = iq2/(args.ne02/args.ne_12_2);
+                const short ikv3 = iq3/(args.ne03/args.ne_12_3);
+
+                k += (ikv2 + ikv3*args.ne_12_2)*args.nb11*C;
+                v += (ikv2 + ikv3*args.ne_12_2)*args.nb21*C;
+
+                if (!FC_flash_attn_ext_has_mask) {
+                    threadgroup half * sm = (threadgroup half *) (sm2);
+
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+                        const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+
+                        for (short i = tiisg; i < C; i += NW) {
+                            if (ic + i >= args.ne11) {
+                                sm[2*j*SH + i] = -MAXHALF;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+                        const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+
+                        pm2[jj] = (device const half2 *) ((device const half *) mask +
+                                (iq1 + j)*C +
+                                (iq2%args.ne32)*(C*args.ne31) +
+                                (iq3%args.ne33)*(C*args.ne31*args.ne32));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ic = 0;
+            }
 
-                // load the mask in shared memory
-                #pragma unroll(Q)
-                for (short j = 0; j < Q; ++j) {
-                    device const half * pm = (device const half *) ((device const char *) mask + (iq1 + j)*args.nb31);
+            char blk_cur = 1;
 
-                    const float m = pm[ic + tiisg];
+            // read the mask into shared mem
+            if (FC_flash_attn_ext_has_mask) {
+                blk_cur = blk[ic0];
+
+                if (blk_cur == 0) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+                        pm2[jj] += NW;
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (blk_cur == 1) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+                        const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+
+                        if (FC_flash_attn_ext_bc_mask) {
+                            sm2[j*SH + tiisg] = (iq1 + j) < args.ne31 ? pm2[jj][tiisg] : half2(-MAXHALF, -MAXHALF);
+                        } else {
+                            sm2[j*SH + tiisg] = pm2[jj][tiisg];
+                        }
+
+                        pm2[jj] += NW;
+                    }
+                } else if (blk_cur == 2) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+                        pm2[jj] += NW;
+                    }
+                }
+
+#if 0
+                // note: old -INF block optimization - obsoleted by pre-computing non-masked blocks
+
+                threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+                // used to detect blocks full of -INF
+                // skip only when the entire threadgroup is masked
+                half2 smax2(-MAXHALF/2, -MAXHALF/2);
 
-                    ss[j*TS + C + tiisg] = m;
-                    smax = max(smax, m);
+                FOR_UNROLL (short j = 0; j < Q; ++j) {
+                    smax2 = max(smax2, sm2[j*SH + tiisg]);
                 }
 
-                smax = simd_max(smax);
+                smax2 = simd_max(smax2);
+
+                if (max(smax2[0], smax2[1]) <= -MAXHALF/2) {
+                    // this barrier is important
+                    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-                if (smax == -INFINITY) {
                     continue;
                 }
+#endif
             }
 
             // Q*K^T
-            {
-                for (short cc = 0; cc < C/8; ++cc) {
+            // this is compile-time check, so it does not have runtime overhead
+            if (is_same<kd4x4_t, k4x4_t>::value) {
+                // we can read directly from global memory
+                device      const k_t * pk = (device const k_t *) (k + ic*args.nb11);
+                threadgroup const q_t * pq = sq;
+                threadgroup       s_t * ps = ss;
+
+                pk += sgitg*(8*NS10);
+                ps += sgitg*(8*1);
+
+                static_assert((C/8) % NSG == 0, "");
+
+                constexpr short NC = (C/8)/NSG;
+
+                FOR_UNROLL (short cc = 0; cc < NC; ++cc) {
                     qk8x8_t mqk = make_filled_simdgroup_matrix<qk_t, 8>((qk_t) 0.0f);
 
-                    // this is compile-time check, so it does not have runtime overhead
-                    if (is_same<kd4x4_t, k4x4_t>::value) {
-                        // we can read directly from global memory
-                        device const k_t * pk = (device const k_t *) ((device const char *) k + ((ic + 8*cc)*args.nb11 + ikv2*args.nb12 + ikv3*args.nb13));
+                    if (DK % 16 != 0) {
+                        k8x8_t mk;
+                        q8x8_t mq;
+
+                        FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < DK8; ++i) {
+                            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
 
-                        #pragma unroll(DK8)
-                        for (short i = 0; i < DK8; ++i) {
-                            k8x8_t mk;
-                            simdgroup_load(mk, pk + i*8, args.nb11/sizeof(k_t), 0, true); // transpose // TODO: use ne10
+                            simdgroup_load(mk, pk + 8*i, NS10, 0, true);
+                            simdgroup_load(mq, pq + 8*i, DK);
+
+                            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
 
-                            q8x8_t mq;
-                            simdgroup_load(mq, sq + i*8, DK);
                             simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
                         }
                     } else {
-                        for (short ii = 0; ii < DK16; ii += 4) {
-                            device const kd4x4_t * pk4x4 = (device const kd4x4_t *) ((device const char *) k + ((ic + 8*cc + ty)*args.nb11 + ikv2*args.nb12 + ikv3*args.nb13));
+                        k8x8_t mk[2];
+                        q8x8_t mq[2];
 
-                            if (DK16%4 == 0) {
-                                // the head is evenly divisible by 4*16 = 64, so no need for bound checks
-                                {
-                                    k4x4_t tmp;
-                                    deq_k(pk4x4 + (ii + tx)/nl_k, (ii + tx)%nl_k, tmp);
-                                    sk4x4[4*ty + tx] = tmp;
-                                }
+                        // note: too much unroll can tank the performance for large heads
+                        #pragma unroll (MIN(DK8/2, 4*NSG))
+                        for (short i = 0; i < DK8/2; ++i) {
+                            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
 
-                                simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+                            simdgroup_load(mq[0], pq + 0*8 + 16*i, DK);
+                            simdgroup_load(mq[1], pq + 1*8 + 16*i, DK);
 
-                                #pragma unroll(4)
-                                for (short k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                                    k8x8_t mk;
-                                    q8x8_t mq;
+                            simdgroup_load(mk[0], pk + 0*8 + 16*i, NS10, 0, true);
+                            simdgroup_load(mk[1], pk + 1*8 + 16*i, NS10, 0, true);
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
-                                    simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 0)*8, DK);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
+                            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
-                                    simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 1)*8, DK);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                if (ii + tx < DK16) {
-                                    k4x4_t tmp;
-                                    deq_k(pk4x4 + (ii + tx)/nl_k, (ii + tx)%nl_k, tmp);
-                                    sk4x4[4*ty + tx] = tmp;
-                                }
+                            simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq[0], mk[0], mqk);
+                            simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq[1], mk[1], mqk);
+                        }
+                    }
 
-                                simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+                    simdgroup_store(mqk, ps, SH, 0, false);
+
+                    pk += 8*(NSG*NS10);
+                    ps += 8*(NSG);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // TODO: this is the quantized K cache branch - not optimized yet
+                for (short ccc = 0; ccc < (C/8)/NSG; ++ccc) {
+                    const short cc = ccc*NSG + sgitg;
+
+                    const short tx = tiisg%4;
+                    const short ty = tiisg/4;
 
-                                for (short k = 0; k < 4 && ii + k < DK16; ++k) {
-                                    k8x8_t mk;
-                                    q8x8_t mq;
+                    qk8x8_t mqk = make_filled_simdgroup_matrix<qk_t, 8>((qk_t) 0.0f);
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
-                                    simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 0)*8, DK);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
+                    for (short ii = 0; ii < DK16; ii += 4) {
+                        device const kd4x4_t * pk4x4 = (device const kd4x4_t *) (k + ((ic + 8*cc + ty)*args.nb11));
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
-                                    simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 1)*8, DK);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
-                                }
+                        if (DK16%4 == 0) {
+                            // the head is evenly divisible by 4*16 = 64, so no need for bound checks
+                            {
+                                k4x4_t tmp;
+                                deq_k(pk4x4 + (ii + tx)/nl_k, (ii + tx)%nl_k, tmp);
+                                sk4x4[4*ty + tx] = tmp;
+                            }
+
+                            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+                            FOR_UNROLL (short k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+                                k8x8_t mk;
+                                q8x8_t mq;
+
+                                simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
+                                simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 0)*8, DK);
+                                simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
+
+                                simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
+                                simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 1)*8, DK);
+                                simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            if (ii + tx < DK16) {
+                                k4x4_t tmp;
+                                deq_k(pk4x4 + (ii + tx)/nl_k, (ii + tx)%nl_k, tmp);
+                                sk4x4[4*ty + tx] = tmp;
+                            }
+
+                            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+                            for (short k = 0; k < 4 && ii + k < DK16; ++k) {
+                                k8x8_t mk;
+                                q8x8_t mq;
+
+                                simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
+                                simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 0)*8, DK);
+                                simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
+
+                                simdgroup_load(mk, sk + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, true); // transpose
+                                simdgroup_load(mq, sq + (2*(ii + k) + 1)*8, DK);
+                                simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mqk, mq, mk, mqk);
                             }
                         }
                     }
 
-                    // cast qk_t -> s_t
-                    //s8x8_t mqks(1.0f);
-                    //simdgroup_multiply(mqks, mqk, mqks);
-                    //simdgroup_store(mqks, ss + 8*cc, TS, 0, false);
-
-                    simdgroup_store(mqk, ss + 8*cc, TS, 0, false);
+                    simdgroup_store(mqk, ss + 8*cc, SH, 0, false);
                 }
             }
 
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
             // online softmax
-            {
-                for (ushort j = 0; j < Q; ++j) {
-                    const float m = M[j];
+            FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+                const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+
+                const float m = M[jj];
 
-                    // scale and apply the logitcap / mask
-                    float s = ss[j*TS + tiisg]*args.scale;
+                // scale and apply the logitcap / mask
+                float2 s2 = ss2[j*SH/2 + tiisg]*args.scale;
 
-                    if (args.logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
-                        s = args.logit_softcap*precise::tanh(s);
+                if (FC_flash_attn_ext_has_scap) {
+                    s2 = args.logit_softcap*precise::tanh(s2);
+                }
+
+                // mqk = mqk + slope*mask
+                if (blk_cur != 2) {
+                    if (FC_flash_attn_ext_has_bias) {
+                        s2 += s2_t(sm2[j*SH + tiisg])*slope;
+                    } else {
+                        s2 += s2_t(sm2[j*SH + tiisg]);
                     }
+                }
 
-                    // mqk = mqk + mask*slope
-                    s += slope*ss[j*TS + C + tiisg];
+                M[jj] = simd_max(max(M[jj], max(s2[0], s2[1])));
 
-                    M[j] = simd_max(max(M[j], s));
+                const float  ms  = exp(m  - M[jj]);
+                const float2 vs2 = exp(s2 - M[jj]);
 
-                    const float ms = exp(m - M[j]);
-                    const float vs = exp(s - M[j]);
+                S[jj] = S[jj]*ms + simd_sum(vs2[0] + vs2[1]);
 
-                    S[j] = S[j]*ms + simd_sum(vs);
+                // the P matrix from the paper (Q rows, C columns)
+                ss2[j*SH/2 + tiisg] = vs2;
 
-                    // the P matrix from the paper (Q rows, C columns)
-                    ss[j*TS + tiisg] = vs;
+                if (DV4 % NW == 0) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NW; ++ii) {
+                        const short i = ii*NW + tiisg;
 
-                    // create a QxQ diagonal matrix for rescaling the output
-                    if (tiisg == j) {
-                        ss[j*TS + 2*C + j] = ms;
+                        so4[j*PV4 + i] *= ms;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NW) {
+                        so4[j*PV4 + i] *= ms;
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            // O = diag(ms)*O
-            {
-                s8x8_t ms;
-                simdgroup_load(ms, ss + 2*C, TS, 0, false);
-
-                #pragma unroll(DV8)
-                for (short i = 0; i < DV8; ++i) {
-                    simdgroup_multiply(lo[i], ms, lo[i]);
-                }
-            }
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
             // O = O + (Q*K^T)*V
             {
-                for (short cc = 0; cc < C/8; ++cc) {
-                    s8x8_t vs;
-                    simdgroup_load(vs, ss + 8*cc, TS, 0, false);
+                // we can read directly from global memory
+                if (is_same<vd4x4_t, v4x4_t>::value) {
+                    static_assert(PV8 % NSG == 0, "");
 
-                    if (is_same<vd4x4_t, v4x4_t>::value) {
-                        // we can read directly from global memory
-                        device const v_t * pv = (device const v_t *) ((device const char *) v + ((ic + 8*cc)*args.nb21 + ikv2*args.nb22 + ikv3*args.nb23));
+                    constexpr short NO = PV8/NSG;
 
-                        #pragma unroll(DV8)
-                        for (short i = 0; i < DV8; ++i) {
-                            v8x8_t mv;
-                            simdgroup_load(mv, pv + i*8, args.nb21/sizeof(v_t), 0, false); // TODO: use ne20
+                    o8x8_t lo[NO];
 
-                            simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[i], vs, mv, lo[i]);
+                    {
+                        auto sot = so + 8*sgitg;
+
+                        FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < NO; ++ii) {
+                            simdgroup_load(lo[ii], sot, PV, 0, false);
+
+                            sot += 8*NSG;
                         }
-                    } else {
-                        for (short ii = 0; ii < DV16; ii += 4) {
-                            device const vd4x4_t * pv4x4 = (device const vd4x4_t *) ((device const char *) v + ((ic + 8*cc + ty)*args.nb21 + ikv2*args.nb22 + ikv3*args.nb23));
+                    }
+
+                    {
+                        device const v_t * pv = (device const v_t *) (v + ic*args.nb21);
+
+                        pv += 8*sgitg;
+
+                        if (DV <= 64) {
+                            FOR_UNROLL (short cc = 0; cc < C/8; ++cc) {
+                                s8x8_t vs;
+                                simdgroup_load(vs, ss + 8*cc, SH, 0, false);
+
+                                FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < NO/2; ++ii) {
+                                    v8x8_t mv[2];
+
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[0], pv + 0*NSG + 16*ii*NSG, NS20, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[1], pv + 8*NSG + 16*ii*NSG, NS20, 0, false);
+
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*ii + 0], vs, mv[0], lo[2*ii + 0]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*ii + 1], vs, mv[1], lo[2*ii + 1]);
+                                }
+
+                                pv  += 8*NS20;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            constexpr short NC = (C/8)/2;
+
+                            FOR_UNROLL (short cc = 0; cc < NC; ++cc) {
+                                s8x8_t vs[2];
+
+                                simdgroup_load(vs[0], ss + 16*cc + 0, SH, 0, false);
+                                simdgroup_load(vs[1], ss + 16*cc + 8, SH, 0, false);
+
+                                FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < NO/2; ++ii) {
+                                    v8x8_t mv[4];
+
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[0], pv + 0*NSG + 16*ii*NSG + 0*8*NS20, NS20, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[1], pv + 8*NSG + 16*ii*NSG + 0*8*NS20, NS20, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[2], pv + 0*NSG + 16*ii*NSG + 1*8*NS20, NS20, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[3], pv + 8*NSG + 16*ii*NSG + 1*8*NS20, NS20, 0, false);
+
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*ii + 0], vs[0], mv[0], lo[2*ii + 0]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*ii + 1], vs[0], mv[1], lo[2*ii + 1]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*ii + 0], vs[1], mv[2], lo[2*ii + 0]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*ii + 1], vs[1], mv[3], lo[2*ii + 1]);
+                                }
+
+                                pv  += 2*8*NS20;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    {
+                        auto sot = so + 8*sgitg;
+
+                        FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < NO; ++ii) {
+                            simdgroup_store(lo[ii], sot, PV, 0, false);
+
+                            sot += 8*NSG;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // TODO: this is the quantized V cache branch - not optimized yet
+
+                    const short tx = tiisg%4;
+                    const short ty = tiisg/4;
+
+                    for (short cc = 0; cc < C/8; ++cc) {
+                        s8x8_t vs;
+                        simdgroup_load(vs, ss + 8*cc, SH, 0, false);
+
+                        for (short ii = 4*sgitg; ii < DV16; ii += 4*NSG) {
+                            device const vd4x4_t * pv4x4 = (device const vd4x4_t *) (v + ((ic + 8*cc + ty)*args.nb21));
 
                             if (DV16%4 == 0) {
                                 // no need for bound checks
@@ -3616,15 +5980,20 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext(
 
                                 simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-                                #pragma unroll(4)
-                                for (short k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                                    v8x8_t mv;
+                                FOR_UNROLL (short k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+                                    v8x8_t mv[2];
+                                    o8x8_t lo[2];
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mv, sv + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, false);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*(ii + k) + 0], vs, mv, lo[2*(ii + k) + 0]);
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[0], sv + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[1], sv + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(lo[0], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 0), PV, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(lo[1], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 1), PV, 0, false);
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mv, sv + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, false);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*(ii + k) + 1], vs, mv, lo[2*(ii + k) + 1]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[0], vs, mv[0], lo[0]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[1], vs, mv[1], lo[1]);
+
+                                    simdgroup_store(lo[0], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 0), PV, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_store(lo[1], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 1), PV, 0, false);
                                 }
                             } else {
                                 if (ii + tx < DV16) {
@@ -3636,206 +6005,305 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext(
                                 simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
                                 for (short k = 0; k < 4 && ii + k < DV16; ++k) {
-                                    v8x8_t mv;
+                                    v8x8_t mv[2];
+                                    o8x8_t lo[2];
+
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[0], sv + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(mv[1], sv + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(lo[0], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 0), PV, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_load(lo[1], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 1), PV, 0, false);
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mv, sv + 16*k + 0*8, 4*16, 0, false);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*(ii + k) + 0], vs, mv, lo[2*(ii + k) + 0]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[0], vs, mv[0], lo[0]);
+                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[1], vs, mv[1], lo[1]);
 
-                                    simdgroup_load(mv, sv + 16*k + 1*8, 4*16, 0, false);
-                                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(lo[2*(ii + k) + 1], vs, mv, lo[2*(ii + k) + 1]);
+                                    simdgroup_store(lo[0], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 0), PV, 0, false);
+                                    simdgroup_store(lo[1], so + 8*(2*(ii + k) + 1), PV, 0, false);
                                 }
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }
-
-        // these are needed for reducing the results from the simdgroups (reuse the ss buffer)
-        for (short j = tiisg; j < Q; j += NW) {
-            ss[j*TS + 0] = S[j];
-            ss[j*TS + 1] = M[j];
-        }
-    }
-
-    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
-
-    threadgroup float  * so  = (threadgroup float  *) (shmem_f16 + 0*DK); // reuse query data for accumulation
-    threadgroup float4 * so4 = (threadgroup float4 *) (shmem_f16 + 0*DK);
 
-    // store result to shared memory in F32
-    if (sgitg == 0) {
-        for (short i = 0; i < DV8; ++i) {
-            //simdgroup_store(lo[i], so + i*8, DV, 0, false);
-            simdgroup_float8x8 t(1.0f);
-            simdgroup_multiply(t, lo[i], t);
-            simdgroup_store(t, so + i*8, DV, 0, false);
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
         }
-    }
-
-    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
-
-    // reduce the warps sequentially
-    for (ushort sg = 1; sg < nsg; ++sg) {
-        if (sgitg == sg) {
-            for (short j = tiisg; j < Q; j += NW) {
-                const float S0 = ss[j*TS - 1*SH + 0];
-                const float S1 = ss[j*TS        + 0];
 
-                const float M0 = ss[j*TS - 1*SH + 1];
-                const float M1 = ss[j*TS        + 1];
+        if (FC_flash_attn_ext_has_sinks) {
+            FOR_UNROLL (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+                const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
 
-                const float M = max(M0, M1);
+                const float m = M[jj];
+                const float s = tiisg == 0 ? ((device const float *) sinks)[iq2] : -FLT_MAX/2;
 
-                float ms0 = exp(M0 - M);
-                float ms1 = exp(M1 - M);
+                M[jj] = simd_max(max(M[jj], s));
 
-                const float S = S0*ms0 + S1*ms1;
+                const float ms = exp(m - M[jj]);
+                const float vs = exp(s - M[jj]);
 
-                ss[j*TS + 0] = S;
-                ss[j*TS + 1] = M;
+                S[jj] = S[jj]*ms + simd_sum(vs);
 
-                ss[j*TS + 2*C + j - 1*SH] = ms0;
-                ss[j*TS + 2*C + j       ] = ms1;
+                for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NW) {
+                    so4[j*PV4 + i] *= ms;
+                }
             }
+        }
+    }
 
-            //simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
-
-            // O_0 = diag(ms0)*O_0 + diag(ms1)*O_1
-            {
-                s8x8_t ms0;
-                s8x8_t ms1;
+    // store to global memory
+    for (short jj = 0; jj < NQ; ++jj) {
+        const short j = jj*NSG + sgitg;
+        if (iq1 + j >= args.ne01) {
+            break;
+        }
 
-                simdgroup_load(ms0, ss + 2*C - 1*SH, TS, 0, false);
-                simdgroup_load(ms1, ss + 2*C,        TS, 0, false);
+        device float4 * dst4 = (device float4 *) dst + ((uint64_t)iq3*args.ne2*args.ne1 + iq2 + (uint64_t)(iq1 + j)*args.ne1)*DV4;
 
-                #pragma unroll(DV8)
-                for (short i = 0; i < DV8; ++i) {
-                    simdgroup_float8x8 t;
+        const float scale = S[jj] == 0.0 ? 0.0f : 1.0f/S[jj];
 
-                    simdgroup_load    (t, so + i*8, DV, 0, false);
-                    simdgroup_multiply(t, ms0, t);
+        if (DV4 % NW == 0) {
+            FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NW; ++ii) {
+                const short i = ii*NW + tiisg;
 
-                    simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(t, ms1, lo[i], t);
-                    simdgroup_store(t, so + i*8, DV, 0, false);
-                }
+                dst4[i] = (float4) so4[j*PV4 + i]*scale;
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NW) {
+                dst4[i] = (float4) so4[j*PV4 + i]*scale;
             }
         }
-
-        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
     }
 
-    threadgroup s_t * sf = (threadgroup s_t *) (shmem_f16 + 2*(nsg-1)*SH + 2*Q*DK);
-
-    // final rescale with 1/S and store to global memory
-    for (short j = sgitg; j < Q && iq1 + j < args.ne01; j += nsg) {
-        const float S = 1.0f/sf[j*TS + 0];
-
-        device float4 * dst4 = (device float4 *) dst + ((uint64_t)iq3*args.ne2*args.ne1 + iq2 + (uint64_t)(iq1 + j)*args.ne1)*DV4;
+#undef NS10
+#undef NS20
+}
 
-        for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NW) {
-            dst4[i] = (float4) so4[j*DV4 + i]*S;
-        }
+template<
+    typename q_t,     // query types in shared memory
+    typename q4_t,
+    typename q8x8_t,
+    typename k_t,     // key types in shared memory
+    typename k4x4_t,
+    typename k8x8_t,
+    typename v_t,     // value types in shared memory
+    typename v4x4_t,
+    typename v8x8_t,
+    typename qk_t,    // Q*K types
+    typename qk8x8_t,
+    typename s_t,     // soft-max types
+    typename s2_t,
+    typename s8x8_t,
+    typename o_t,     // attention accumulation types
+    typename o4_t,
+    typename o8x8_t,
+    typename kd4x4_t, // key type in device memory
+    short nl_k,
+    void (*deq_k)(device const kd4x4_t *, short, thread k4x4_t &),
+    typename vd4x4_t, // value type in device memory
+    short nl_v,
+    void (*deq_v)(device const vd4x4_t *, short, thread v4x4_t &),
+    short DK,         // K head size
+    short DV,         // V head size
+    short Q  = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NQPSG, // queries per threadgroup
+    short C  = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_NCPSG> // cache items per threadgroup
+kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext & args,
+        device const char * q,
+        device const char * k,
+        device const char * v,
+        device const char * mask,
+        device const char * sinks,
+        device const char * pad,
+        device const char * blk,
+        device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  half * shmem_f16 [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+#define FWD_TMPL q_t, q4_t, q8x8_t, k_t, k4x4_t, k8x8_t, v_t, v4x4_t, v8x8_t, qk_t, qk8x8_t, s_t, s2_t, s8x8_t, o_t, o4_t, o8x8_t, kd4x4_t, nl_k, deq_k, vd4x4_t, nl_v, deq_v, DK, DV, Q, C
+#define FWD_ARGS args, q, k, v, mask, sinks, pad, blk, dst, shmem_f16, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg
+    switch (FC_flash_attn_ext_nsg) {
+      // note: disabled cases to reduce library load time
+      //case 1: kernel_flash_attn_ext_impl<FWD_TMPL, 1>(FWD_ARGS); break;
+      //case 2: kernel_flash_attn_ext_impl<FWD_TMPL, 2>(FWD_ARGS); break;
+        case 4: kernel_flash_attn_ext_impl<FWD_TMPL, 4>(FWD_ARGS); break;
+        case 8: kernel_flash_attn_ext_impl<FWD_TMPL, 8>(FWD_ARGS); break;
     }
+#undef FWD_TMPL
+#undef FWD_ARGS
 }
 
 // TODO: this is quite ugly. in the future these types will be hardcoded in the kernel, but for now keep them as
 //       template to be able to explore different combinations
 //
 #define FA_TYPES \
-    float,  float4,    simdgroup_float8x8, \
+    half,   half4,     simdgroup_half8x8,  \
     half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,  \
     half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,  \
     float,             simdgroup_float8x8, \
-    float,             simdgroup_float8x8, \
-    half,   half4,     simdgroup_half8x8
-    //float,  float4,    simdgroup_float8x8
+    float,  float2,    simdgroup_float8x8, \
+    float,  float4,    simdgroup_float8x8
+    //half,   half4,     simdgroup_half8x8
 
 #define FA_TYPES_BF \
     bfloat, bfloat4,   simdgroup_bfloat8x8, \
     bfloat, bfloat4x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, \
     bfloat, bfloat4x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, \
     float,             simdgroup_float8x8,  \
-    float,             simdgroup_float8x8,  \
+    float,  float2,    simdgroup_float8x8,  \
     half,   half4,     simdgroup_half8x8
     //float,  float4,    simdgroup_float8x8
 
+#define FA_TYPES_F32 \
+    half,   half4,     simdgroup_half8x8,  \
+    float,  float4x4,  simdgroup_float8x8, \
+    float,  float4x4,  simdgroup_float8x8, \
+    float,             simdgroup_float8x8, \
+    float,  float2,    simdgroup_float8x8, \
+    float,  float4,    simdgroup_float8x8
+    //half,   half4,     simdgroup_half8x8
+
 typedef decltype(kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4, 1, dequantize_f16, half4x4, 1, dequantize_f16, 64, 64>) flash_attn_ext_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_h64" )]]         kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  64,  64>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_h80" )]]         kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  80,  80>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_h96" )]]         kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  96,  96>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_h112")]]         kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  112, 112>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_h128")]]         kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  128, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_h192")]]         kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  192, 192>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_hk192_hv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  192, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_h256")]]         kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  256, 256>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_hk576_hv512")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  576, 512>;
-
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_h64" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 64,  64>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_h80" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 80,  80>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_h96" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 96,  96>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_h112")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 112, 112>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_h128")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 128, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_h192")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 192, 192>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 192, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_h256")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 256, 256>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 576, 512>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk32_dv32"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk40_dv40"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk48_dv48"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk64_dv64"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk72_dv72"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk80_dv80"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk96_dv96"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk112_dv112")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk128_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk192_dv192")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk192_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk256_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk320_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f32_dk576_dv512")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_F32, float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  float4x4,   1, dequantize_f32,  576, 512>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk32_dv32"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk40_dv40"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk48_dv48"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk64_dv64"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk72_dv72"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk80_dv80"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk96_dv96"  )]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk112_dv112")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk128_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk192_dv192")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk192_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk256_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk320_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_f16_dk576_dv512")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  half4x4,    1, dequantize_f16,  576, 512>;
+
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk32_dv32"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk40_dv40"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk48_dv48"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk64_dv64"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk72_dv72"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk80_dv80"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk96_dv96"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk112_dv112")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_bf16_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES_BF, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, bfloat4x4,  1, dequantize_bf16, 576, 512>;
 #endif
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h64" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 64,  64>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h80" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 80,  80>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h96" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 96,  96>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h112")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 112, 112>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h128")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 128, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h192")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 192, 192>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 192, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_h256")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 256, 256>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 576, 512>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h64" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 64,  64>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h80" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 80,  80>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h96" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 96,  96>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h112")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 112, 112>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h128")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 128, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h192")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 192, 192>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 192, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_h256")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 256, 256>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 576, 512>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h64" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 64,  64>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h80" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 80,  80>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h96" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 96,  96>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h112")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 112, 112>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h128")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 128, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h192")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 192, 192>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 192, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_h256")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 256, 256>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 576, 512>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h64" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 64,  64>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h80" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 80,  80>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h96" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 96,  96>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h112")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 112, 112>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h128")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 128, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h192")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 192, 192>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 192, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_h256")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 256, 256>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 576, 512>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h64" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 64,  64>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h80" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 80,  80>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h96" )]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 96,  96>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h112")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 112, 112>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h128")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 128, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h192")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 192, 192>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 192, 128>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_h256")]]        kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 256, 256>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 576, 512>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk32_dv32"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk40_dv40"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk48_dv48"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk64_dv64"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk72_dv72"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk80_dv80"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk96_dv96"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk112_dv112")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_0_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0, 576, 512>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk32_dv32"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk40_dv40"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk48_dv48"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk64_dv64"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk72_dv72"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk80_dv80"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk96_dv96"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk112_dv112")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q4_1_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, block_q4_1, 2, dequantize_q4_1, 576, 512>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk32_dv32"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk40_dv40"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk48_dv48"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk64_dv64"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk72_dv72"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk80_dv80"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk96_dv96"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk112_dv112")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_0_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, block_q5_0, 2, dequantize_q5_0, 576, 512>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk32_dv32"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk40_dv40"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk48_dv48"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk64_dv64"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk72_dv72"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk80_dv80"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk96_dv96"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk112_dv112")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q5_1_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, block_q5_1, 2, dequantize_q5_1, 576, 512>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk32_dv32"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 32,  32>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk40_dv40"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 40,  40>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk48_dv48"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 48,  48>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk64_dv64"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 64,  64>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk72_dv72"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 72,  72>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk80_dv80"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 80,  80>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk96_dv96"  )]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 96,  96>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk112_dv112")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 112, 112>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 128, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 192, 192>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 192, 128>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 256, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 320, 256>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_q8_0_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_t kernel_flash_attn_ext<FA_TYPES,    block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, block_q8_0, 2, dequantize_q8_0, 576, 512>;
 
 #undef FA_TYPES
 #undef FA_TYPES_BF
+#undef FA_TYPES_F32
+
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_mask  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 0)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_sinks [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 1)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_bias  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 2)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_scap  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 3)]];
+constant bool FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_kvpad [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 4)]];
+
+//constant float FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_scale         [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 10)]];
+//constant float FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_max_bias      [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 11)]];
+//constant float FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_logit_softcap [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 12)]];
+
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_ns10 [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 20)]];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_ns20 [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 21)]];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_nsg  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 22)]];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_nwg  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC + 23)]];
 
 template<
     typename q4_t,  // query types in shared memory
@@ -3854,58 +6322,90 @@ template<
     short DK,       // K head size
     short DV,       // V head size
     short NE = 4,   // head elements per thread
-    short Q  = 1,   // queries per threadgroup
-    short C  = 32>  // cache items per threadgroup
+    short Q  = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NQPSG,  // queries per threadgroup
+    short C  = OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_NCPSG>  // cache items per threadgroup
 kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext & args,
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_vec & args,
         device const char * q,
         device const char * k,
         device const char * v,
         device const char * mask,
+        device const char * sinks,
+        device const char * pad,
         device       char * dst,
         threadgroup  half * shmem_f16 [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]],
         ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    const short nsg = ntg.y; // number of simdgroups
+    static_assert(DK % 32 == 0, "DK must be divisible by 32");
+    static_assert(DV % 32 == 0, "DV must be divisible by 32");
+
+#define NWG  (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_nwg)
+#define NSG  (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_nsg)
+
+#define NS10 (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_ns10)
+#define NS20 (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_ns20)
 
-    const int iq3 = tgpig[2];
-    const int iq2 = tgpig[1];
-    const int iq1 = tgpig[0];
+    const short iwg = tgpig[2]%NWG;
+
+    const ushort iq3 = tgpig[2]/NWG;
+    const ushort iq2 = tgpig[1];
+    const ushort iq1 = tgpig[0];
 
     constexpr short DK4 = DK/4;
     constexpr short DV4 = DV/4;
+
+    constexpr short PK  = PAD2(DK, 128);
+    constexpr short PK4 = PK/4;
+
+    constexpr short PV  = PAD2(DV, 128);
+    constexpr short PV4 = PV/4;
+
     constexpr short NW  = N_SIMDWIDTH;
     constexpr short NL  = NW/NE; // note: this can be adjusted to support different head sizes and simdgroup work loads
     constexpr short SH  = 4*C;   // shared memory per simdgroup
 
-    const short T = DK + nsg*SH; // shared memory size per query in (half)
+    static_assert(DK4 % NL == 0, "DK4 must be divisible by NL");
+    static_assert(DV4 % NL == 0, "DV4 must be divisible by NL");
+
+  //const short T = PK + NSG*SH; // shared memory size per query in (half)
+
+  //threadgroup q_t   * sq  = (threadgroup q_t   *) (shmem_f16 +                      0*PK); // holds the query data
+    threadgroup q4_t  * sq4 = (threadgroup q4_t  *) (shmem_f16 +                      0*PK); // same as above but in q4_t
+    threadgroup s_t   * ss  = (threadgroup s_t   *) (shmem_f16 +   sgitg*SH       + NSG*PK); // scratch buffer for attention
+    threadgroup s4_t  * ss4 = (threadgroup s4_t  *) (shmem_f16 +   sgitg*SH       + NSG*PK); // same as above but in s4_t
+    threadgroup half  * sm  = (threadgroup half  *) (shmem_f16 +   sgitg*SH + 2*C + NSG*PK); // scratch buffer for mask
+    threadgroup o4_t  * so4 = (threadgroup o4_t  *) (shmem_f16 + 2*sgitg*PV       + NSG*PK + NSG*SH); // scratch buffer for the results
+
+    // store the result for all queries in shared memory (the O matrix from the paper)
+    so4 += tiisg;
+
+    {
+        q += iq1*args.nb01 + iq2*args.nb02 + iq3*args.nb03;
 
-  //threadgroup q_t   * sq  = (threadgroup q_t   *) (shmem_f16 +                    0*DK); // holds the query data
-    threadgroup q4_t  * sq4 = (threadgroup q4_t  *) (shmem_f16 +                    0*DK); // same as above but in q4_t
-    threadgroup s_t   * ss  = (threadgroup s_t   *) (shmem_f16 +   sgitg*SH       + Q*DK); // scratch buffer for attention
-    threadgroup s4_t  * ss4 = (threadgroup s4_t  *) (shmem_f16 +   sgitg*SH       + Q*DK); // same as above but in s4_t
-    threadgroup float * sm  = (threadgroup float *) (shmem_f16 +   sgitg*SH + 2*C + Q*DK); // scratch buffer for mask
-    threadgroup o4_t  * sr4 = (threadgroup o4_t  *) (shmem_f16 + 2*sgitg*DV       + Q*T);  // scratch buffer for the results
+        const short ikv2 = iq2/(args.ne02/args.ne_12_2);
+        const short ikv3 = iq3/(args.ne03/args.ne_12_3);
 
-    // store the result for all queries in local memory (the O matrix from the paper)
-    o4_t lo[DV4/NL];
+        k += ikv2*args.nb12 + ikv3*args.nb13;
+        v += ikv2*args.nb22 + ikv3*args.nb23;
+    }
 
     // load heads from Q to shared memory
-    device const float4 * q4 = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) q + (iq1*args.nb01 + iq2*args.nb02 + iq3*args.nb03));
+    device const float4 * q4 = (device const float4 *) ((device const char *) q);
 
-    for (short i = tiisg; i < DK4; i += NW) {
-        if (iq1 < args.ne01) {
-            sq4[i] = (q4_t) q4[i];
-        } else {
-            sq4[i] = (q4_t) 0.0f;
+    if (iq1 < args.ne01) {
+        for (short i = tiisg; i < PK4; i += NW) {
+            if (i < DK4) {
+                sq4[i] = (q4_t) q4[i];
+            } else {
+                sq4[i] = (q4_t) 0.0f;
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    // zero out lo
+    // zero out so
     for (short i = 0; i < DV4/NL; ++i) {
-        lo[i] = (o4_t) 0.0f;
+        so4[i*NL] = (o4_t) 0.0f;
     }
 
     // zero out shared memory SH
@@ -3917,28 +6417,19 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec(
 
     {
         float S = 0.0f;
-        float M = -__FLT_MAX__/2;
+        float M = -FLT_MAX/2;
 
         // thread indices inside the simdgroup
         const short tx = tiisg%NL;
         const short ty = tiisg/NL;
 
-        // broadcast kv
-        //const short rk2 = args.ne02/args.ne12;
-        //const short rk3 = args.ne03/args.ne13;
-
-        const short ikv2 = iq2/(args.ne02/args.ne_12_2);
-        const short ikv3 = iq3/(args.ne03/args.ne_12_3);
-
-        const bool has_mask = mask != q;
-
         // pointer to the mask
-        device const half * pm = (device const half *) (mask + iq1*args.nb31);
+        device const half * pm = (device const half *) (mask + iq1*args.nb31 + (iq2%args.ne32)*args.nb32 + (iq3%args.ne33)*args.nb33);
 
         float slope = 1.0f;
 
         // ALiBi
-        if (args.max_bias > 0.0f) {
+        if (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_bias) {
             const short h = iq2;
 
             const float base = h < args.n_head_log2 ? args.m0 : args.m1;
@@ -3949,86 +6440,124 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec(
 
         // loop over the KV cache
         // each simdgroup handles blocks of Q rows and C columns
-        for (int ic0 = 0; ic0 < args.ne11; ic0 += C*nsg) {
-            const int ic = ic0 + C*sgitg;
+        for (int ic0 = iwg*NSG + sgitg; ; ic0 += NWG*NSG) {
+            int ic = ic0*C;
             if (ic >= args.ne11) {
                 break;
             }
 
-            if (has_mask) {
+            // the last partial chunk uses the pad buffer as source
+            if (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_kvpad && ic + C > args.ne11) {
+                k    = pad;
+                v    = k + args.nb11*C*args.ne_12_2*args.ne_12_3;
+                mask = v + args.nb21*C*args.ne_12_2*args.ne_12_3;
+
+                const short ikv2 = iq2/(args.ne02/args.ne_12_2);
+                const short ikv3 = iq3/(args.ne03/args.ne_12_3);
+
+                k += (ikv2 + ikv3*args.ne_12_2)*args.nb11*C;
+                v += (ikv2 + ikv3*args.ne_12_2)*args.nb21*C;
+
+                if (!FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_mask) {
+                    if (ic + tiisg >= args.ne11) {
+                        sm[tiisg] = -MAXHALF;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    pm = (device const half *) (mask) +
+                        iq1*C +
+                        (iq2%args.ne32)*(C*args.ne31) +
+                        (iq3%args.ne33)*(C*args.ne31*args.ne32);
+                }
+
+                ic = 0;
+            }
+
+            if (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_mask) {
                 sm[tiisg] = pm[ic + tiisg];
             }
 
             // skip -INF blocks
-            if (simd_max(sm[tiisg]) == -INFINITY) {
+            if (simd_max(sm[tiisg]) <= -MAXHALF) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // Q*K^T
             {
-                // each simdgroup processes 1 query and NE (NW/NL) head elements
-                for (short cc = 0; cc < C/NE; ++cc) {
-                    qk_t mqk = 0.0f;
+                device      const k4_t * pk4 = (device const k4_t *) (k + ic*args.nb11);
+                threadgroup const q4_t * pq4 = sq4;
+
+                pk4 += ty*NS10/4 + tx;
+                pq4 += tx;
 
-                    device const kd4_t * pk = (device const kd4_t *) ((device const char *) k + ((ic + NE*cc + ty)*args.nb11 + ikv2*args.nb12 + ikv3*args.nb13));
+                qk_t mqk[C/NE] = { [ 0 ... C/NE - 1] = 0.0f };
 
-                    #pragma unroll(DK4/NL)
-                    for (short ii = 0; ii < DK4; ii += NL) {
-                        const short i = ii + tx;
+                // each simdgroup processes 1 query and NE (NW/NL) cache elements
+                FOR_UNROLL (short cc = 0; cc < C/NE; ++cc) {
+                    if (is_same<kd4_t, k4_t>::value) {
+                        FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DK4/NL; ++ii) {
+                            mqk[cc] += dot((float4) pk4[cc*NE*NS10/4 +  ii*NL], (float4) pq4[ii*NL]);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        device const kd4_t * pk = (device const kd4_t *) (k + ((ic + NE*cc + ty)*args.nb11));
 
                         k4_t mk;
-                        deq_k_t4(pk + i/nl_k, i%nl_k, mk);
 
-                        // note: this is less precise than the version below
-                        //mqka[0] += dot(mq[0], mk[0]);
-                        //mqka[1] += dot(mq[1], mk[1]);
-                        //mqka[2] += dot(mq[2], mk[2]);
-                        //mqka[3] += dot(mq[3], mk[3]);
+                        FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DK4/NL; ++ii) {
+                            const short i = ii*NL + tx;
 
-                        //q4x4_t mq = sq4x4[i];
-                        //mqka[0] += dot((float4) mq[0], (float4) mk[0]);
-                        //mqka[1] += dot((float4) mq[1], (float4) mk[1]);
-                        //mqka[2] += dot((float4) mq[2], (float4) mk[2]);
-                        //mqka[3] += dot((float4) mq[3], (float4) mk[3]);
+                            deq_k_t4(pk + i/nl_k, i%nl_k, mk);
 
-                        mqk += dot((float4) mk, (float4) sq4[i]);
+                            mqk[cc] += dot((float4) mk, (float4) sq4[i]);
+                        }
                     }
 
-                    static_assert(NE > 1, "NE must be > 1"); // note: not sure why NE == 1 fails
+                    if (NE == 1) {
+                        mqk[cc] = simd_sum(mqk[cc]);
+                    } else {
+                        // simdgroup reduce (NE = 4)
+                        // [ 0 ..  7] -> [ 0]
+                        // [ 8 .. 15] -> [ 8]
+                        // [16 .. 23] -> [16]
+                        // [24 .. 31] -> [24]
+                        if (NE <= 1) {
+                            mqk[cc] += simd_shuffle_down(mqk[cc], 16);
+                        }
+                        if (NE <= 2) {
+                            mqk[cc] += simd_shuffle_down(mqk[cc],  8);
+                        }
+                        if (NE <= 4) {
+                            mqk[cc] += simd_shuffle_down(mqk[cc],  4);
+                        }
+                        if (NE <= 8) {
+                            mqk[cc] += simd_shuffle_down(mqk[cc],  2);
+                        }
+                        if (NE <= 16) {
+                            mqk[cc] += simd_shuffle_down(mqk[cc],  1);
+                        }
 
-                    // simdgroup reduce (NE = 4)
-                    // [ 0 ..  7] -> [ 0]
-                    // [ 8 .. 15] -> [ 8]
-                    // [16 .. 23] -> [16]
-                    // [24 .. 31] -> [24]
-                    if (NE <= 1) {
-                        mqk += simd_shuffle_down(mqk, 16);
-                    }
-                    if (NE <= 2) {
-                        mqk += simd_shuffle_down(mqk,  8);
+                        // broadcast
+                        mqk[cc] = simd_shuffle(mqk[cc], NL*ty);
                     }
-                    if (NE <= 4) {
-                        mqk += simd_shuffle_down(mqk,  4);
-                    }
-                    if (NE <= 8) {
-                        mqk += simd_shuffle_down(mqk,  2);
-                    }
-                    if (NE <= 16) {
-                        mqk += simd_shuffle_down(mqk,  1);
-                    }
-
-                    // mqk = mqk*scale + mask*slope
-                    if (tx == 0) {
-                        mqk *= args.scale;
+                }
 
-                        if (args.logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
-                            mqk = args.logit_softcap*precise::tanh(mqk);
-                        }
+                if (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_mask &&
+                   !FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_scap &&
+                   !FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_bias) {
+                    ss[NE*tx + ty] = fma(mqk[tx], args.scale, (qk_t) sm[NE*tx + ty]);
+                } else {
+                    mqk[tx] *= args.scale;
 
-                        mqk += sm[NE*cc + ty]*slope;
+                    if (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_scap) {
+                        mqk[tx] = args.logit_softcap*precise::tanh(mqk[tx]);
+                    }
 
-                        ss[NE*cc + ty] = mqk;
+                    if (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_bias) {
+                        mqk[tx] += (qk_t) sm[NE*tx + ty]*slope;
+                    } else {
+                        mqk[tx] += (qk_t) sm[NE*tx + ty];
                     }
+
+                    ss[NE*tx + ty] = mqk[tx];
                 }
             }
 
@@ -4050,9 +6579,10 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec(
                 ss[tiisg] = vs;
 
                 // O = diag(ms)*O
-                #pragma unroll(DV4/NL)
-                for (short ii = 0; ii < DV4; ii += NL) {
-                    lo[ii/NL] *= ms;
+                if ((DV4/NL % NW == 0) || ty == 0) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NL; ++ii) {
+                        so4[ii*NL] *= ms;
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -4060,89 +6590,114 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec(
 
             // O = O + (Q*K^T)*V
             {
-                //#pragma unroll(C/NE)
-                for (short cc = 0; cc < C/NE; ++cc) {
-                    device const vd4_t * pv4 = (device const vd4_t *) ((device const char *) v + ((ic + NE*cc + ty)*args.nb21 + ikv2*args.nb22 + ikv3*args.nb23));
+                o4_t lo[DV4/NL];
+                FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NL; ++ii) {
+                    lo[ii] = 0.0f;
+                }
+
+                if (is_same<vd4_t, v4_t>::value) {
+                    device const v4_t * pv4 = (device const v4_t *) (v + ic*args.nb21);
+
+                    pv4 += ty*NS20/4 + tx;
+
+                    const auto sst = ss + ty;
+
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short cc = 0; cc < C/NE; ++cc) {
+                        FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NL; ++ii) {
+                            lo[ii] += o4_t(float4(pv4[cc*NE*NS20/4 + ii*NL])*float4(sst[cc*NE]));
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short cc = 0; cc < C/NE; ++cc) {
+                        device const vd4_t * pv4 = (device const vd4_t *) (v + ((ic + NE*cc + ty)*args.nb21));
+
+                        FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NL; ++ii) {
+                            const short i = ii*NL + tx;
+
+                            v4_t mv;
+                            deq_v_t4(pv4 + i/nl_v, i%nl_v, mv);
+
+                            lo[ii] += o4_t(float4(mv)*float4(ss[NE*cc + ty]));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NL; ++ii) {
+                    if (NE > 1) {
+                        lo[ii][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][0], 16);
+                        lo[ii][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][1], 16);
+                        lo[ii][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][2], 16);
+                        lo[ii][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][3], 16);
+                    }
+
+                    if (NE > 2) {
+                        lo[ii][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][0],  8);
+                        lo[ii][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][1],  8);
+                        lo[ii][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][2],  8);
+                        lo[ii][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][3],  8);
+                    }
 
-                    const s4_t ms(ss[NE*cc + ty]);
+                    if (NE > 4) {
+                        lo[ii][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][0],  4);
+                        lo[ii][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][1],  4);
+                        lo[ii][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][2],  4);
+                        lo[ii][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][3],  4);
+                    }
 
-                    #pragma unroll(DV4/NL)
-                    for (short ii = 0; ii < DV4; ii += NL) {
-                        const short i = ii + tx;
+                    if (NE > 8) {
+                        lo[ii][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][0],  2);
+                        lo[ii][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][1],  2);
+                        lo[ii][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][2],  2);
+                        lo[ii][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][3],  2);
+                    }
 
-                        v4_t mv;
-                        deq_v_t4(pv4 + i/nl_v, i%nl_v, mv);
+                    if (NE > 16) {
+                        lo[ii][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][0],  1);
+                        lo[ii][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][1],  1);
+                        lo[ii][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][2],  1);
+                        lo[ii][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii][3],  1);
+                    }
+                }
 
-                        lo[ii/NL] += o4_t(float4(mv)*float4(ms));
+                if ((DV4/NL % NW == 0) || ty == 0) {
+                    FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NL; ++ii) {
+                        so4[ii*NL] += lo[ii];
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        // these are needed for reducing the results from the simdgroups (reuse the ss buffer)
-        if (tiisg == 0) {
-            ss[0] = (s_t) S;
-            ss[1] = (s_t) M;
-        }
-    }
+        if (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_has_sinks && sgitg == 0 && iwg == 0) {
+            const float m = M;
+            const float s = tiisg == 0 ? ((device const float *) sinks)[iq2] : -FLT_MAX/2;
 
-    // simdgroup reduce (NE = 4)
-    // [ 0,  8, 16, 24] -> [ 0]
-    // [ 1,  9, 17, 25] -> [ 1]
-    // [ 2, 10, 18, 26] -> [ 2]
-    // [ 3, 11, 19, 27] -> [ 3]
-    // [ 4, 12, 20, 28] -> [ 4]
-    // [ 5, 13, 21, 29] -> [ 5]
-    // [ 6, 14, 22, 30] -> [ 6]
-    // [ 7, 15, 23, 31] -> [ 7]
-    for (short ii = 0; ii < DV4; ii += NL) {
-        if (NE > 1) {
-            lo[ii/NL][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][0], 16);
-            lo[ii/NL][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][1], 16);
-            lo[ii/NL][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][2], 16);
-            lo[ii/NL][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][3], 16);
-        }
+            M = simd_max(max(M, s));
 
-        if (NE > 2) {
-            lo[ii/NL][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][0],  8);
-            lo[ii/NL][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][1],  8);
-            lo[ii/NL][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][2],  8);
-            lo[ii/NL][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][3],  8);
-        }
+            const float ms = exp(m - M);
+            const float vs = exp(s - M);
 
-        if (NE > 4) {
-            lo[ii/NL][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][0],  4);
-            lo[ii/NL][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][1],  4);
-            lo[ii/NL][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][2],  4);
-            lo[ii/NL][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][3],  4);
-        }
+            S = S*ms + simd_sum(vs);
 
-        if (NE > 8) {
-            lo[ii/NL][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][0],  2);
-            lo[ii/NL][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][1],  2);
-            lo[ii/NL][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][2],  2);
-            lo[ii/NL][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][3],  2);
+            if ((DV4/NL % NW == 0) || ty == 0) {
+                FOR_UNROLL (short ii = 0; ii < DV4/NL; ++ii) {
+                    so4[ii*NL] *= ms;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        if (NE > 16) {
-            lo[ii/NL][0] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][0],  1);
-            lo[ii/NL][1] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][1],  1);
-            lo[ii/NL][2] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][2],  1);
-            lo[ii/NL][3] += simd_shuffle_down(lo[ii/NL][3],  1);
+        // these are needed for reducing the results from the simdgroups (reuse the ss buffer)
+        if (tiisg == 0) {
+            ss[0] = (s_t) S;
+            ss[1] = (s_t) M;
         }
     }
 
-    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
-
-    // store results to shared memory
-    for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NL) {
-        sr4[i] = lo[i/NL];
-    }
+    so4 -= tiisg;
 
     threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
     // parallel reduce
-    for (short r = nsg/2; r > 0; r >>= 1) {
+    for (short r = NSG/2; r > 0; r >>= 1) {
         if (sgitg < r) {
             const float S0 = ss[           0];
             const float S1 = ss[r*(SH/2) + 0];
@@ -4164,23 +6719,41 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec(
 
             // O_0 = diag(ms0)*O_0 + diag(ms1)*O_1
             for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NW) {
-                sr4[i] = sr4[i]*ms0 + sr4[i + r*DV4]*ms1;
+                so4[i] = so4[i]*ms0 + so4[i + r*PV4]*ms1;
             }
         }
 
         threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
     }
 
-    device float4 * dst4 = (device float4 *) dst;
-
     // final rescale with 1/S and store to global memory
     if (sgitg == 0) {
-        const float S = ss[0];
+        const int64_t nrows = args.ne3*args.ne2*args.ne1;
+        const int64_t rid   = iq3*args.ne2*args.ne1 + iq2 + iq1*args.ne1;
 
+        device float4 * dst4 = (device float4 *) dst;
+        device float  * dst1 = (device float  *) dst + nrows*DV*NWG; // the S and M are stored after the results
+
+        const float S = NWG == 1 ? (ss[0] == 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f/ss[0]) : 1.0f;
+
+        // interleave the workgroup data
         for (short i = tiisg; i < DV4; i += NW) {
-            dst4[((uint64_t)iq3*args.ne2*args.ne1 + iq2 + (uint64_t)iq1*args.ne1)*DV4 + i] = (float4) sr4[i]/S;
+            dst4[rid*DV4*NWG + NWG*i + iwg] = (float4) so4[i]*S;
+        }
+
+        // store S and M
+        if (NWG > 1) {
+            if (tiisg == 0) {
+                dst1[rid*(2*NWG) + 2*iwg + 0] = ss[0];
+                dst1[rid*(2*NWG) + 2*iwg + 1] = ss[1];
+            }
         }
     }
+
+#undef NWG
+#undef NSG
+#undef NS10
+#undef NS20
 }
 
 // note: I think the s_t can be half instead of float, because the Q*K scaling is done before storing to shared mem
@@ -4194,496 +6767,263 @@ kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec(
     float, float4, \
            float4
 
+#define FA_TYPES_F32 \
+           half4,  \
+           float4, \
+           float4, \
+    float,         \
+    float, float4, \
+           float4
+
 typedef decltype(kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4, 1, dequantize_f16_t4, half4, 1, dequantize_f16_t4, 128, 128, 4>) flash_attn_ext_vec_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h64")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4,             1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  64, 64, 8>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h64")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, bfloat4,           1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 64, 64, 8>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk32_dv32")]]    kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  32, 32, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk32_dv32")]]    kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  32, 32, 4>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk32_dv32")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 32, 32, 4>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h64")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0,        8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 64, 64, 8>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h64")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1,        8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 64, 64, 8>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h64")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0,        8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 64, 64, 8>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h64")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1,        8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 64, 64, 8>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h64")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0,        8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 64, 64, 8>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h96")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4,             1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  96, 96, 4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h96")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, bfloat4,           1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk32_dv32")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 32, 32, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk32_dv32")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 32, 32, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk32_dv32")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 32, 32, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk32_dv32")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 32, 32, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk32_dv32")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 32, 32, 4>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk64_dv64")]]    kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  64, 64, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk64_dv64")]]    kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  64, 64, 2>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk64_dv64")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 64, 64, 2>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h96")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0,        8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h96")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1,        8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h96")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0,        8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h96")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1,        8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h96")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0,        8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4,             1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  128, 128, 4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, bfloat4,           1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 128, 128, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk64_dv64")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 64, 64, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk64_dv64")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 64, 64, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk64_dv64")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 64, 64, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk64_dv64")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 64, 64, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk64_dv64")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 64, 64, 2>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk96_dv96")]]    kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  96, 96, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk96_dv96")]]    kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  96, 96, 4>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk96_dv96")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0,        8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 128, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1,        8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 128, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0,        8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 128, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1,        8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 128, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0,        8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 128, 128, 4>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h192")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4,             1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  192, 192, 4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, bfloat4,           1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 192, 192, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk96_dv96")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk96_dv96")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk96_dv96")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk96_dv96")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk96_dv96")]]   kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 96, 96, 4>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk128_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  128, 128, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk128_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  128, 128, 1>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 128, 128, 1>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0,        8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 192, 192, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1,        8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 192, 192, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0,        8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 192, 192, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1,        8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 192, 192, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0,        8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 192, 192, 4>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_hk192_hv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  192, 128, 4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 192, 128, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 128, 128, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 128, 128, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 128, 128, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 128, 128, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk128_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 128, 128, 1>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk192_dv192")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  192, 192, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk192_dv192")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  192, 192, 2>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 192, 192, 2>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 192, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 192, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 192, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 192, 128, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_hk192_hv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 192, 128, 4>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_h256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4,             1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  256, 256, 4>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_h256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, bfloat4,           1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 256, 256, 4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 192, 192, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 192, 192, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 192, 192, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 192, 192, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk192_dv192")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 192, 192, 2>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk192_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  192, 128, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk192_dv128")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  192, 128, 2>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 192, 128, 2>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_h256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0,        8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 256, 256, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_h256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1,        8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 256, 256, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_h256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0,        8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 256, 256, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_h256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1,        8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 256, 256, 4>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_h256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0,        8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 256, 256, 4>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_hk576_hv512")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  576, 512, 2>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 192, 128, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 192, 128, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 192, 128, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 192, 128, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk192_dv128")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 192, 128, 2>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk256_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  256, 256, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk256_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  256, 256, 1>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 256, 256, 1>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_hk576_hv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES, block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
-
-#undef FA_TYPES
-
-template<typename T>
-kernel void kernel_set(
-    constant ggml_metal_kargs_set & args,
-    device  const char * src0,
-    device  const char * src1,
-    device        char * dst,
-    uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-    ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-    ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i13 = tgpig[2];
-    const int i12 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i11 = tgpig[0];
-
-    const int64_t n = i13*args.ne12*args.ne11*args.ne10 + i12*args.ne11*args.ne10 + i11*args.ne10;
-
-    const int64_t i3 = n / (args.ne12*args.ne11*args.ne10);
-    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne12*args.ne11*args.ne10) / (args.ne11*args.ne10);
-    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne12*args.ne11*args.ne10 - i2*args.ne11*args.ne10) / args.ne10;
-
-    device T * dst_data = (device T *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + args.offs);
-
-    for (int64_t i10 = tpitg.x; i10 < args.ne10; i10 += ntg.x) {
-        device const T * src = (device T *) (src1 + i13*args.nb13 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11 + i10*args.nb10);
-        dst_data[i10] = (T) src[0];
-    }
-}
-
-typedef decltype(kernel_set<float>) kernel_set_t;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_set_f32")]] kernel kernel_set_t kernel_set<float>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_set_i32")]] kernel kernel_set_t kernel_set<int32_t>;
-
-template<typename T0, typename T1>
-kernel void kernel_cpy(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
-        device  const char * src0,
-        device        char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
-    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
-
-    const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
-
-    const int64_t i3 = n/(args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0)/(args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0)/args.ne0;
-    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0);
-
-    device T1 * dst_data = (device T1 *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
-
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x) {
-        device const T0 * src = (device T0 *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
-        dst_data[i00] = (T1) src[0];
-    }
-}
-
-typedef decltype(kernel_cpy<float, float>) kernel_cpy_t;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_f32")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy<float,  float>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_f16")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy<float,  half>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_bf16")]]  kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy<float,  bfloat>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 256, 256, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 256, 256, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 256, 256, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 256, 256, 1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk256_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 256, 256, 1>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk320_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  320, 256, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk320_dv256")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  320, 256, 2>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 320, 256, 2>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f16_f32")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy<half,   float>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f16_f16")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy<half,   half>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_bf16_f32")]]  kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy<bfloat, float>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_bf16_bf16")]] kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy<bfloat, bfloat>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 320, 256, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 320, 256, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 320, 256, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 320, 256, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk320_dv256")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 320, 256, 2>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32_dk576_dv512")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES_F32, float4,     1, dequantize_f32_t4,  float4,      1, dequantize_f32_t4,  576, 512, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_f16_dk576_dv512")]]  kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     half4,      1, dequantize_f16_t4,  half4,       1, dequantize_f16_t4,  576, 512, 2>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_bf16_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     bfloat4,    1, dequantize_bf16_t4, bfloat4,     1, dequantize_bf16_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
 #endif
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_0_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_0, 8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, block_q4_0,  8, dequantize_q4_0_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q4_1_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q4_1, 8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, block_q4_1,  8, dequantize_q4_1_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_0_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_0, 8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, block_q5_0,  8, dequantize_q5_0_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q5_1_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q5_1, 8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, block_q5_1,  8, dequantize_q5_1_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_q8_0_dk576_dv512")]] kernel flash_attn_ext_vec_t kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec<FA_TYPES,     block_q8_0, 8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, block_q8_0,  8, dequantize_q8_0_t4, 576, 512, 2>;
 
-kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_q8_0(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
-    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
-
-    const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
-
-    const int64_t i3 = n / (args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / (args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / args.ne0;
-    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0)/QK8_0;
-
-    device block_q8_0 * dst_data = (device block_q8_0 *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
-
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x*QK8_0; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x*QK8_0) {
-        device const float * src = (device float *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
-
-        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-            const float v = src[j];
-            amax = MAX(amax, fabs(v));
-        }
-
-        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-        dst_data[i00/QK8_0].d = d;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = src[j]*id;
-
-            dst_data[i00/QK8_0].qs[j] = round(x0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_q4_0(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
-    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
-
-    const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
-
-    const int64_t i3 = n / (args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / (args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / args.ne0;
-    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0)/QK4_0;
-
-    device block_q4_0 * dst_data = (device block_q4_0 *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
-
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x*QK4_0; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x*QK4_0) {
-        device const float * src = (device float *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
-
-        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-        float max  = 0.0f;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0; j++) {
-            const float v = src[j];
-            if (amax < fabs(v)) {
-                amax = fabs(v);
-                max  = v;
-            }
-        }
-
-        const float d = max / -8;
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-        dst_data[i00/QK4_0].d = d;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0/2; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = src[0       + j]*id;
-            const float x1 = src[QK4_0/2 + j]*id;
-
-            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 8.5f));
-            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 8.5f));
-
-            dst_data[i00/QK4_0].qs[j]  = xi0;
-            dst_data[i00/QK4_0].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_q4_1(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
-    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
-
-    const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
-
-    const int64_t i3 = n / (args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / (args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / args.ne0;
-    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0)/QK4_1;
-
-    device block_q4_1 * dst_data = (device block_q4_1 *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
-
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x*QK4_1; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x*QK4_1) {
-        device const float * src = (device float *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
-
-        float min = FLT_MAX;
-        float max = -FLT_MAX;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1; j++) {
-            const float v = src[j];
-            if (min > v) min = v;
-            if (max < v) max = v;
-        }
-
-        const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-        dst_data[i00/QK4_1].d = d;
-        dst_data[i00/QK4_1].m = min;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1/2; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = (src[0       + j] - min)*id;
-            const float x1 = (src[QK4_1/2 + j] - min)*id;
-
-            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 0.5f));
-            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 0.5f));
-
-            dst_data[i00/QK4_1].qs[j]  = xi0;
-            dst_data[i00/QK4_1].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
-        }
-    }
-}
+#undef FA_TYPES
+#undef FA_TYPES_F32
 
-kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_q5_0(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device       char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i03 = tgpig[2];
-    const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce_DV  [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_REDUCE + 0)]];
+constant int32_t FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce_NWG [[function_constant(FC_FLASH_ATTN_EXT_VEC_REDUCE + 1)]];
 
-    const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
+kernel void kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce & args,
+        device  const char * htmp,
+        device        char * dst,
+        uint   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+#define NWG (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce_NWG)
+#define DV  (FC_flash_attn_ext_vec_reduce_DV)
 
-    const int64_t i3 = n / (args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / (args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / args.ne0;
-    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0)/QK5_0;
+    const uint64_t rid = tgpig;
 
-    device block_q5_0 * dst_data = (device block_q5_0 *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
+    const short iwg = tiisg;
 
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x*QK5_0; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x*QK5_0) {
-        device const float * src = (device float *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
+    device const float  * ss    = (device const float  *) htmp + (uint64_t)args.nrows*DV*NWG;
 
-        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-        float max  = 0.0f;
+    float S = ss[rid*(2*NWG) + 2*iwg + 0];
+    float M = ss[rid*(2*NWG) + 2*iwg + 1];
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0; j++) {
-            const float v = src[j];
-            if (amax < fabs(v)) {
-                amax = fabs(v);
-                max  = v;
-            }
-        }
+    const float m  = simd_max(M);
+    const float ms = exp(M - m);
 
-        const float d = max / -16;
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+    S = simd_sum(S*ms);
+    S = S == 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f/S;
 
-        dst_data[i00/QK5_0].d = d;
+    const short DV4 = DV/4;
 
-        uint32_t qh = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0/2; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = src[0       + j]*id;
-            const float x1 = src[QK5_0/2 + j]*id;
+    device const float4 * htmp4 = (device const float4 *) htmp + rid*DV4*NWG;
+    device       float4 * dst4  = (device       float4 *) dst  + rid*DV4;
 
-            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x0 + 16.5f));
-            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x1 + 16.5f));
+    for (short i = sgitg; i < DV4; i += NWG) {
+        const float4 v = simd_sum(htmp4[i*NWG + iwg]*ms);
 
-            dst_data[i00/QK5_0].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
-            qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
-            qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0/2);
-        }
-        thread const uint8_t * qh8 = (thread const uint8_t *)&qh;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-            dst_data[i00/QK5_0].qh[j] = qh8[j];
+        if (iwg == 0) {
+            dst4[i] = v*S;
         }
     }
+
+#undef NWG
+#undef DV
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_q5_1(
+template<typename T0, typename T1>
+kernel void kernel_cpy_t_t(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
-        device const char * src0,
-        device       char * dst,
+        device  const char * src0,
+        device        char * dst,
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
         ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
     const int i03 = tgpig[2];
     const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
+    const int i01 = ntg[1] == 1 ? tgpig[0]%args.ne01 : tgpig[0]*ntg[1] + tiitg/ntg[0];
+    const int iw0 = ntg[1] == 1 ? tgpig[0]/args.ne01 : 0;
 
     const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
 
-    const int64_t i3 = n / (args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / (args.ne1*args.ne0);
-    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / args.ne0;
-    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0)/QK5_1;
-
-    device block_q5_1 * dst_data = (device block_q5_1 *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
-
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x*QK5_1; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x*QK5_1) {
-        device const float * src = (device float *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
-
-        float max = src[0];
-        float min = src[0];
-
-        for (int j = 1; j < QK5_1; j++) {
-            const float v = src[j];
-            min = v < min ? v : min;
-            max = v > max ? v : max;
-        }
-
-        const float d = (max - min) / 31;
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-        dst_data[i00/QK5_1].d = d;
-        dst_data[i00/QK5_1].m = min;
-
-        uint32_t qh = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK5_1/2; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = (src[0       + j] - min)*id;
-            const float x1 = (src[QK5_1/2 + j] - min)*id;
+    const int64_t i3 = n/(args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
+    const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0)/(args.ne1*args.ne0);
+    const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0)/args.ne0;
+    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0);
 
-            const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t)(x0 + 0.5f);
-            const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t)(x1 + 0.5f);
+    device T1 * dst_data = (device T1 *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
 
-            dst_data[i00/QK5_1].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
-            qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
-            qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_1/2);
-        }
-        thread const uint8_t * qh8 = (thread const uint8_t *)&qh;
-        for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
-            dst_data[i00/QK5_1].qh[j] = qh8[j];
-        }
+    for (int64_t i00 = iw0*ntg[0] + tiitg%ntg[0]; i00 < args.ne00; ) {
+        device const T0 * src = (device T0 *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
+        dst_data[i00] = (T1) src[0];
+        break;
     }
 }
 
-static inline int best_index_int8(int n, constant float * val, float x) {
-    if (x <= val[0]) return 0;
-    if (x >= val[n-1]) return n-1;
-    int ml = 0, mu = n-1;
-    while (mu-ml > 1) {
-        int mav = (ml+mu)/2;
-        if (x < val[mav]) mu = mav; else ml = mav;
-    }
-    return x - val[mu-1] < val[mu] - x ? mu-1 : mu;
-}
+typedef decltype(kernel_cpy_t_t<float, float>) kernel_cpy_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_f32")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<float,   float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_f16")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<float,   half>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_i32")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<float,   int32_t>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_i32_f32")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<int32_t, float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_i32_i32")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<int32_t, int32_t>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_bf16")]]  kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<float,   bfloat>;
+#endif
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f16_f32")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<half,    float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f16_f16")]]   kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<half,    half>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_bf16_f32")]]  kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<bfloat,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_bf16_bf16")]] kernel kernel_cpy_t kernel_cpy_t_t<bfloat,  bfloat>;
+#endif
 
-kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_iq4_nl(
+template<short QK,
+         typename block_q,
+         void (*quantize_func)(device const float *, device block_q &)>
+kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_q(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
         device const char * src0,
-        device       char * dst,
+        device char * dst,
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
         ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
     const int i03 = tgpig[2];
     const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
+    const int i01 = ntg[1] == 1 ? tgpig[0]%args.ne01 : tgpig[0]*ntg[1] + tiitg/ntg[0];
+    const int iw0 = ntg[1] == 1 ? tgpig[0]/args.ne01 : 0;
 
     const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
 
     const int64_t i3 = n / (args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0);
     const int64_t i2 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / (args.ne1*args.ne0);
     const int64_t i1 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0) / args.ne0;
-    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0)/QK4_NL;
-
-    device block_iq4_nl * dst_data = (device block_iq4_nl *) (dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
+    const int64_t i0 = (n - i3*args.ne2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i2*args.ne1*args.ne0 - i1*args.ne0)/QK;
 
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x*QK4_NL; i00 < args.ne00; i00 += ntg.x*QK4_NL) {
-        device const float * src = (device float *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + i00*args.nb00);
+    device block_q * dst_data = (device block_q *)(dst + i3*args.nb3 + i2*args.nb2 + i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
 
-        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
-        float max  = 0.0f;
+    for (int64_t i00 = iw0*ntg[0] + tiitg%ntg[0]; i00 < args.nk0; ) {
+        device const float * src = (device const float *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01 + (i00*QK)*args.nb00);
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL; j++) {
-            const float v = src[j];
-            if (amax < fabs(v)) {
-                amax = fabs(v);
-                max  = v;
-            }
-        }
-
-        const float d = max / kvalues_iq4nl_f[0];
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
-
-        float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = src[0        + j]*id;
-            const float x1 = src[QK4_NL/2 + j]*id;
-
-            const uint8_t xi0 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl_f, x0);
-            const uint8_t xi1 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl_f, x1);
-
-            dst_data[i00/QK4_NL].qs[j] = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
-
-            const float v0 = kvalues_iq4nl_f[xi0];
-            const float v1 = kvalues_iq4nl_f[xi1];
-            const float w0 = src[0        + j]*src[0        + j];
-            const float w1 = src[QK4_NL/2 + j]*src[QK4_NL/2 + j];
-            sumqx += w0*v0*src[j] + w1*v1*src[QK4_NL/2 + j];
-            sumq2 += w0*v0*v0 + w1*v1*v1;
-
-        }
+        quantize_func(src, dst_data[i00]);
 
-        dst_data[i00/QK4_NL].d = sumq2 > 0 ? sumqx/sumq2 : d;
+        break;
     }
 }
 
+typedef decltype(kernel_cpy_f32_q<QK8_0,  block_q8_0,  quantize_q8_0>)  cpy_f_q_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_q8_0")]]   kernel cpy_f_q_t kernel_cpy_f32_q<QK8_0,  block_q8_0,   quantize_q8_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_q4_0")]]   kernel cpy_f_q_t kernel_cpy_f32_q<QK4_0,  block_q4_0,   quantize_q4_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_q4_1")]]   kernel cpy_f_q_t kernel_cpy_f32_q<QK4_1,  block_q4_1,   quantize_q4_1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_q5_0")]]   kernel cpy_f_q_t kernel_cpy_f32_q<QK5_0,  block_q5_0,   quantize_q5_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_q5_1")]]   kernel cpy_f_q_t kernel_cpy_f32_q<QK5_1,  block_q5_1,   quantize_q5_1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_cpy_f32_iq4_nl")]] kernel cpy_f_q_t kernel_cpy_f32_q<QK4_NL, block_iq4_nl, quantize_iq4_nl>;
+
 template<typename T4x4, typename block_q, short nl, void (*dequantize_func)(device const block_q *, short, thread T4x4 &)>
 kernel void kernel_cpy_q_f32(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_cpy & args,
         device  const char * src0,
         device        char * dst,
         uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
         ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
     const int i03 = tgpig[2];
     const int i02 = tgpig[1];
-    const int i01 = tgpig[0];
+    const int i01 = ntg[1] == 1 ? tgpig[0]%args.ne01 : tgpig[0]*ntg[1] + tiitg/ntg[0];
+    const int iw0 = ntg[1] == 1 ? tgpig[0]/args.ne01 : 0;
 
     const int64_t n = i03*args.ne02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i02*args.ne01*args.ne00 + i01*args.ne00;
 
@@ -4695,10 +7035,12 @@ kernel void kernel_cpy_q_f32(
     device const block_q * src_data = (device const block_q *)(src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 + i01*args.nb01);
     device       T4x4    * dst_data = (device       T4x4    *)(dst  +  i3*args.nb3  +  i2*args.nb2  +  i1*args.nb1 + i0*args.nb0);
 
-    for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne00/16; i00 += ntg.x) {
+    for (int64_t i00 = iw0*ntg[0] + tiitg%ntg[0]; i00 < args.nk0; ) {
         T4x4 temp;
         dequantize_func(src_data + i00/nl, i00%nl, temp);
         dst_data[i00] = temp;
+
+        break;
     }
 }
 
@@ -4747,7 +7089,7 @@ kernel void kernel_concat(
     }
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -4757,13 +7099,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -4847,10 +7191,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q2_K, N_SG_Q2_K, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q2_K, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -4860,6 +7204,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
 
@@ -4867,7 +7212,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl(
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5011,10 +7356,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q3_K, N_SG_Q3_K, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q3_K, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5024,9 +7369,11 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
-    const uint16_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f;
-    const uint16_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f;
-    const uint16_t kmask3 = 0xc0c0;
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
+
+    constexpr uint16_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f;
+    constexpr uint16_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f;
+    constexpr uint16_t kmask3 = 0xc0c0;
 
     const short ix = tiisg/8;  // 0...3
     const short it = tiisg%8;  // 0...7
@@ -5039,7 +7386,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl(
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5085,7 +7432,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl(
             float4 acc1 = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
             float4 acc2 = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
 
-            for (short i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                 acc1[0] += yl[2*i + 0] * (q1[i] & 0x000F);
                 acc1[1] += yl[2*i + 1] * (q1[i] & 0x0F00);
                 acc1[2] += yl[2*i + 8] * (q1[i] & 0x00F0);
@@ -5096,14 +7443,11 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl(
                 acc2[3] += yh[2*i + 9] * (q2[i] & 0xF000);
             }
 
-            float dall = dh[0];
-            float dmin = dh[1];
-
-            sumf[row] += dall * ((acc1[0] + 1.f/256.f * acc1[1]) * sc8[0] +
-                                 (acc1[2] + 1.f/256.f * acc1[3]) * sc8[1] * 1.f/16.f +
-                                 (acc2[0] + 1.f/256.f * acc2[1]) * sc8[4] +
-                                 (acc2[2] + 1.f/256.f * acc2[3]) * sc8[5] * 1.f/16.f) -
-                         dmin * (sumy[0] * sc8[2] + sumy[1] * sc8[3] + sumy[2] * sc8[6] + sumy[3] * sc8[7]);
+            sumf[row] += dh[0] * ((acc1[0] + 1.f/256.f * acc1[1]) * sc8[0] +
+                                  (acc1[2] + 1.f/256.f * acc1[3]) * sc8[1] * 1.f/16.f +
+                                  (acc2[0] + 1.f/256.f * acc2[1]) * sc8[4] +
+                                  (acc2[2] + 1.f/256.f * acc2[3]) * sc8[5] * 1.f/16.f) -
+                         dh[1] * (sumy[0] * sc8[2] + sumy[1] * sc8[3] + sumy[2] * sc8[6] + sumy[3] * sc8[7]);
 
             q1 += args.nb01/2;
             sc += args.nb01/2;
@@ -5133,10 +7477,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q4_K, N_SG_Q4_K, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q4_K, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5146,6 +7490,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
 
@@ -5153,7 +7498,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl(
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5168,9 +7513,9 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl(
 
     float yl[16], yh[16];
 
-    const uint16_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f;
-    const uint16_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f;
-    const uint16_t kmask3 = 0xc0c0;
+    constexpr uint16_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f;
+    constexpr uint16_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f;
+    constexpr uint16_t kmask3 = 0xc0c0;
 
     const short tid = tiisg/4;
     const short ix  = tiisg%4;
@@ -5216,7 +7561,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl(
 
             float4 acc1 = {0.f};
             float4 acc2 = {0.f};
-            for (short l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
+            FOR_UNROLL (short l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
                 uint8_t h = qh[l];
                 acc1[0] += yl[l+0] * (q1[l] & 0x0F);
                 acc1[1] += yl[l+8] * (q1[l] & 0xF0);
@@ -5227,13 +7572,12 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl(
                 acc2[2] += h & hm3 ? yh[l+0] : 0.f;
                 acc2[3] += h & hm4 ? yh[l+8] : 0.f;
             }
-            const float dall = dh[0];
-            const float dmin = dh[1];
-            sumf[row] += dall * (sc8[0] * (acc1[0] +  16.f*acc2[0]) +
-                                 sc8[1] * (acc1[1]/16.f + 16.f*acc2[1]) +
-                                 sc8[4] * (acc1[2] +  16.f*acc2[2]) +
-                                 sc8[5] * (acc1[3]/16.f + 16.f*acc2[3])) -
-                         dmin * (sumy[0] * sc8[2] + sumy[1] * sc8[3] + sumy[2] * sc8[6] + sumy[3] * sc8[7]);
+
+            sumf[row] += dh[0] * (sc8[0] * (acc1[0]      + 16.f*acc2[0]) +
+                                  sc8[1] * (acc1[1]/16.f + 16.f*acc2[1]) +
+                                  sc8[4] * (acc1[2]      + 16.f*acc2[2]) +
+                                  sc8[5] * (acc1[3]/16.f + 16.f*acc2[3])) -
+                         dh[1] * (sumy[0] * sc8[2] + sumy[1] * sc8[3] + sumy[2] * sc8[6] + sumy[3] * sc8[7]);
 
             q1 += args.nb01;
             qh += args.nb01;
@@ -5264,10 +7608,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q5_K, N_SG_Q5_K, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q5_K, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5277,11 +7621,12 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
-    const uint8_t kmask1 = 0x03;
-    const uint8_t kmask2 = 0x0C;
-    const uint8_t kmask3 = 0x30;
-    const uint8_t kmask4 = 0xC0;
+    constexpr uint8_t kmask1 = 0x03;
+    constexpr uint8_t kmask2 = 0x0C;
+    constexpr uint8_t kmask3 = 0x30;
+    constexpr uint8_t kmask4 = 0xC0;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
 
@@ -5289,7 +7634,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl(
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5332,18 +7677,16 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl(
         }
 
         for (short row = 0; row < nr0; ++row) {
-            const float dall = dh[0];
-
             float4 sums = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
 
-            for (short l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+            FOR_UNROLL (short l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                 sums[0] += yl[4*l + 0] * ((int8_t)((q1[l] & 0xF) | ((qh[l] & kmask1) << 4)) - 32);
                 sums[1] += yl[4*l + 1] * ((int8_t)((q2[l] & 0xF) | ((qh[l] & kmask2) << 2)) - 32);
                 sums[2] += yl[4*l + 2] * ((int8_t)((q1[l]  >> 4) | ((qh[l] & kmask3) << 0)) - 32);
                 sums[3] += yl[4*l + 3] * ((int8_t)((q2[l]  >> 4) | ((qh[l] & kmask4) >> 2)) - 32);
             }
 
-            sumf[row] += dall * (sums[0] * sc[0] + sums[1] * sc[2] + sums[2] * sc[4] + sums[3] * sc[6]);
+            sumf[row] += dh[0] * (sums[0] * sc[0] + sums[1] * sc[2] + sums[2] * sc[4] + sums[3] * sc[6]);
 
             q1 += args.nb01;
             q2 += args.nb01;
@@ -5373,12 +7716,12 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q6_K, N_SG_Q6_K, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl<N_R0_Q6_K, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 // ======================= "True" 2-bit
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5388,13 +7731,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5481,10 +7826,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32(
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_XXS, N_SG_IQ2_XXS, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_XXS, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5494,13 +7839,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5598,10 +7945,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_XS, N_SG_IQ2_XS, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_XS, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5611,13 +7958,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5708,10 +8057,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ3_XXS, N_SG_IQ3_XXS, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ3_XXS, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5721,13 +8070,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5818,10 +8169,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ3_S, N_SG_IQ3_S, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ3_S, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5831,13 +8182,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -5929,10 +8282,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_S, N_SG_IQ2_S, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_S, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -5942,13 +8295,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -6026,10 +8381,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ1_S, N_SG_IQ1_S, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ1_S, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int nr0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -6039,6 +8394,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
 
@@ -6046,7 +8402,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl(
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * nr0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -6134,10 +8490,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ1_M, N_SG_IQ1_M, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ1_M, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, nullptr, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int NR0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -6147,15 +8503,15 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     threadgroup float * shmem_f32 = (threadgroup float *) shmem;
-    const int nb = args.ne00/QK4_NL;
 
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
 
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * NR0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -6166,6 +8522,9 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl(
     device const block_iq4_nl * x = (device const block_iq4_nl *) (src0 + offset0);
     device const float        * y = (device const float        *) (src1 + offset1);
 
+    const int nb   = args.ne00/QK4_NL;
+    const int ns01 = args.nb01/args.nb00;
+
     const short ix = tiisg/2;  // 0...15
     const short it = tiisg%2;  // 0 or 1
 
@@ -6173,24 +8532,25 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl(
     threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
     float4 yl[4];
-    float sumf[nr0]={0.f};
+    float sumf[NR0]={0.f};
 
-    device const float * yb = y + ix * QK4_NL + it * 8;
+    device const float * yb = y + ix*QK4_NL + it*8;
 
     uint32_t aux32[2];
     thread const uint8_t * q8 = (thread const uint8_t *)aux32;
 
     float4 qf1, qf2;
 
-    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += 16) {
+    // [TAG_MUL_MV_WEIRD]
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb && ib < ns01; ib += 16) {
         device const float4 * y4 = (device const float4 *)yb;
         yl[0] = y4[0];
         yl[1] = y4[4];
         yl[2] = y4[1];
         yl[3] = y4[5];
 
-        for (short row = 0; row < nr0; row++) {
-            device const block_iq4_nl & xb = x[row*nb + ib];
+        for (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
+            device const block_iq4_nl & xb = x[row*ns01 + ib];
             device const uint16_t * q4 = (device const uint16_t *)(xb.qs + 8*it);
 
             float4 acc1 = {0.f}, acc2 = {0.f};
@@ -6221,7 +8581,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < nr0 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < NR0 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = sum_all;
@@ -6240,10 +8600,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ4_NL, N_SG_IQ4_NL, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ4_NL, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-template<int nr0, int nsg, int nw, typename args_t>
+template<int NR0, typename args_t>
 void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl(
         args_t args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -6253,13 +8613,14 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
 
     threadgroup float * shmem_f32 = (threadgroup float *) shmem;
-    const int nb = args.ne00/QK_K;
+
     const int r0 = tgpig.x;
     const int r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
-    const int first_row = (r0 * nsg + sgitg) * nr0;
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * NR0;
 
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
@@ -6270,6 +8631,9 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl(
     device const block_iq4_xs * x = (device const block_iq4_xs *) (src0 + offset0);
     device const float        * y = (device const float        *) (src1 + offset1);
 
+    const int nb   = args.ne00/QK_K;
+    const int ns01 = args.nb01/args.nb00;
+
     const short ix = tiisg/16;  // 0 or 1
     const short it = tiisg%16;  // 0...15
     const short ib = it/2;
@@ -6279,7 +8643,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl(
     threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
     float4 yl[4];
-    float sumf[nr0]={0.f};
+    float sumf[NR0]={0.f};
 
     device const float * yb = y + ix * QK_K + ib * 32 + il * 8;
 
@@ -6288,15 +8652,16 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl(
 
     float4 qf1, qf2;
 
-    for (int ibl = ix; ibl < nb; ibl += 2) {
+    // [TAG_MUL_MV_WEIRD]
+    for (int ibl = ix; ibl < nb && ibl < ns01; ibl += 2) {
         device const float4 * y4 = (device const float4 *)yb;
         yl[0] = y4[0];
         yl[1] = y4[4];
         yl[2] = y4[1];
         yl[3] = y4[5];
 
-        for (short row = 0; row < nr0; ++row) {
-            device const block_iq4_xs & xb = x[row*nb + ibl];
+        for (short row = 0; row < NR0; ++row) {
+            device const block_iq4_xs & xb = x[row*ns01 + ibl];
             device const uint32_t * q4 = (device const uint32_t *)(xb.qs + 16*ib + 8*il);
 
             float4 acc1 = {0.f}, acc2 = {0.f};
@@ -6326,7 +8691,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < nr0 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < NR0 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = sum_all;
@@ -6345,89 +8710,250 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32(
         ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ4_XS, N_SG_IQ4_XS, N_SIMDWIDTH, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ4_XS, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+}
+
+template<int NR0, typename args_t>
+void kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_impl(
+        args_t args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem,
+        uint3  tgpig,
+        ushort tiisg,
+        ushort sgitg) {
+    const short NSG = FC_mul_mv_nsg;
+
+    threadgroup float * shmem_f32 = (threadgroup float *) shmem;
+
+    const int r0 = tgpig.x;
+    const int r1 = tgpig.y;
+    const int im = tgpig.z;
+
+    const int first_row = (r0 * NSG + sgitg) * NR0;
+
+    const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
+    const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
+
+    const uint64_t offset0 = first_row*args.nb01 + (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
+    const uint64_t offset1 =        r1*args.nb11 + (i12        )*args.nb12 + (i13        )*args.nb13;
+
+    device const block_mxfp4 * x = (device const block_mxfp4 *) (src0 + offset0);
+    device const float       * y = (device const float       *) (src1 + offset1);
+
+    const int nb   = args.ne00/QK_MXFP4;
+    const int ns01 = args.nb01/args.nb00; // this can be larger than nb for permuted src0 tensors
+
+    const short ix = tiisg/2;  // 0...15
+    const short it = tiisg%2;  // 0 or 1
+
+    shmem_f32[tiisg] = kvalues_mxfp4_f[tiisg%16];
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    float4 yl[4];
+    float sumf[NR0]={0.f};
+
+    device const float * yb = y + ix*QK_MXFP4 + it*8;
+
+    // note: just the check `ib < nb` is enough, but adding the redundant `&& ib < ns01` check makes the kernel a bit faster
+    //       no idea why that is - needs some deeper investigation [TAG_MUL_MV_WEIRD]
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb && ib < ns01; ib += 16) {
+        device const float4 * y4 = (device const float4 *) yb;
+
+        yl[0] = y4[0];
+        yl[1] = y4[4];
+        yl[2] = y4[1];
+        yl[3] = y4[5];
+
+        FOR_UNROLL (short row = 0; row < NR0; row++) {
+            device const block_mxfp4 & xb = x[row*ns01 + ib];
+            device const uint8_t     * q2 = (device const uint8_t *)(xb.qs + 8*it);
+
+            float4 acc1 = yl[0]*float4(shmem_f32[q2[0] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[1] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[2] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[3] &  0x0F]);
+            float4 acc2 = yl[1]*float4(shmem_f32[q2[0] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[1] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[2] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[3] >> 4   ]);
+            float4 acc3 = yl[2]*float4(shmem_f32[q2[4] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[5] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[6] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[7] &  0x0F]);
+            float4 acc4 = yl[3]*float4(shmem_f32[q2[4] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[5] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[6] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[7] >> 4   ]);
+
+            acc1 = (acc1 + acc3) + (acc2 + acc4);
+
+            sumf[row] += e8m0_to_fp32(xb.e) * ((acc1[0] + acc1[1]) + (acc1[2] + acc1[3]));
+        }
+
+        yb += 16 * QK_MXFP4;
+    }
+
+    device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < NR0 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
+        float sum_all = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
+        if (tiisg == 0) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + row] = sum_all;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+[[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32")]]
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv & args,
+        device const char * src0,
+        device const char * src1,
+        device       char * dst,
+        threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+
+    kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_impl<N_R0_MXFP4, constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv &>(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
 template<typename block_q, short nl, void (*dequantize_func)(device const block_q *, short, thread float4x4 &)>
 kernel void kernel_get_rows_q(
-        device const  void * src0,
-        device const  void * src1,
-        device       float * dst,
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_get_rows & args,
-        uint3                tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        uint                 tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
-        uint3                tptg [[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int64_t i10 = tgpig.x;
-    const int64_t i11 = tgpig.y;
+        device const void * src0,
+        device const void * src1,
+        device       void * dst,
+        uint3               tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort              tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3             ntg  [[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int32_t iw0 = tgpig.x/args.ne10;
+    const int32_t i10 = tgpig.x%args.ne10;
+    const int32_t i11 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i12 = tgpig.z;
+
+    const int32_t r = ((const device int32_t *) ((const device char *) src1 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11 + i10*args.nb10))[0];
 
-    const int64_t r = ((const device int32_t *) ((const device char *) src1 + i11*args.nb11 + i10*args.nb10))[0];
+    const int32_t i02 = i11;
+    const int32_t i03 = i12;
 
-    const int64_t i02 = i11;
+    auto psrc = (device const block_q *) ((const device char *) src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 +   r*args.nb01);
+    auto pdst = (device      float4x4 *) ((      device char *) dst  + i12*args.nb3  + i11*args.nb2  + i10*args.nb1);
 
-    for (int64_t ind = tiitg; ind < args.ne00/16; ind += tptg.x) {
+    for (int ind = iw0*ntg.x + tiitg; ind < args.ne00t;) {
         float4x4 temp;
-        dequantize_func(((device const block_q *) ((const device char *) src0 + r*args.nb01 + i02*args.nb02)) + ind/nl, ind%nl, temp);
-        *(((device float4x4 *) ((device char *) dst + i11*args.nb2 + i10*args.nb1)) + ind) = temp;
+        dequantize_func(psrc + ind/nl, ind%nl, temp);
+        pdst[ind] = temp;
+
+        break;
     }
 }
 
-template<typename T>
+template<typename T0, typename T>
 kernel void kernel_get_rows_f(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_get_rows & args,
+        device const void * src0,
+        device const void * src1,
+        device       void * dst,
+        uint3               tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort              tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort3             ntg [[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const int32_t iw0 = tgpig.x/args.ne10;
+    const int32_t i10 = tgpig.x%args.ne10;
+    const int32_t i11 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i12 = tgpig.z;
+
+    const int32_t r = ((const device int32_t *) ((const device char *) src1 + i12*args.nb12 + i11*args.nb11 + i10*args.nb10))[0];
+
+    const int32_t i02 = i11;
+    const int32_t i03 = i12;
+
+    auto psrc = (const device T0 *) ((const device char *) src0 + i03*args.nb03 + i02*args.nb02 +   r*args.nb01);
+    auto pdst = (      device T  *) ((      device char *)  dst + i12*args.nb3  + i11*args.nb2  + i10*args.nb1);
+
+    for (int ind = iw0*ntg.x + tiitg; ind < args.ne00t;) {
+        pdst[ind] = psrc[ind];
+
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename TI, typename block_q, void (*quantize_func)(device const float *, device block_q &)>
+kernel void kernel_set_rows_q32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_set_rows & args,
         device const  void * src0,
         device const  void * src1,
         device       float * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_get_rows & args,
         uint3                tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint                 tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
         uint3                tptg [[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int64_t i10 = tgpig.x;
-    const int64_t i11 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i03 = tgpig.z;
+    const int32_t i02 = tgpig.y;
+
+    const int32_t i12 = i03%args.ne12;
+    const int32_t i11 = i02%args.ne11;
+
+    const int32_t i01 = tgpig.x*tptg.y + tiitg/tptg.x;
+    if (i01 >= args.ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    const int64_t r = ((const device int32_t *) ((const device char *) src1 + i11*args.nb11 + i10*args.nb10))[0];
+    const int32_t i10 = i01;
+    const TI      i1  = ((const device TI *) ((const device char *) src1 + i10*args.nb10 + i11*args.nb11 + i12*args.nb12))[0];
 
-    const int64_t i02 = i11;
+          device block_q * dst_row = (      device block_q *) ((      device char *) dst  +  i1*args.nb1  + i02*args.nb2  + i03*args.nb3);
+    const device float   * src_row = (const device float   *) ((const device char *) src0 + i01*args.nb01 + i02*args.nb02 + i03*args.nb03);
 
-    for (int ind = tiitg; ind < args.ne00; ind += tptg.x) {
-        ((      device float *) ((      device char *)  dst + i11*args.nb2  + i10*args.nb1))[ind] =
-        ((const device T     *) ((const device char *) src0 + i02*args.nb02 +  r*args.nb01))[ind];
+    for (int ind = tiitg%tptg.x; ind < args.nk0; ind += tptg.x) {
+        quantize_func(src_row + 32*ind, dst_row[ind]);
     }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_get_rows_i32(
+template<typename T, typename TI>
+kernel void kernel_set_rows_f(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_set_rows & args,
         device const  void * src0,
         device const  void * src1,
-        device     int32_t * dst,
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_get_rows & args,
+        device       float * dst,
         uint3                tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         uint                 tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
         uint3                tptg [[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int64_t i10 = tgpig.x;
-    const int64_t i11 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i03 = tgpig.z;
+    const int32_t i02 = tgpig.y;
+
+    const int32_t i12 = i03%args.ne12;
+    const int32_t i11 = i02%args.ne11;
+
+    const int32_t i01 = tgpig.x*tptg.y + tiitg/tptg.x;
+    if (i01 >= args.ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    const int64_t r = ((const device int32_t *) ((const device char *) src1 + i11*args.nb11 + i10*args.nb10))[0];
+    const int32_t i10 = i01;
+    const TI      i1  = ((const device TI *) ((const device char *) src1 + i10*args.nb10 + i11*args.nb11 + i12*args.nb12))[0];
 
-    const int64_t i02 = i11;
+          device T     * dst_row = (      device T     *) ((      device char *) dst  +  i1*args.nb1  + i02*args.nb2  + i03*args.nb3);
+    const device float * src_row = (const device float *) ((const device char *) src0 + i01*args.nb01 + i02*args.nb02 + i03*args.nb03);
 
-    for (int ind = tiitg; ind < args.ne00; ind += tptg.x) {
-        ((      device int32_t *) ((      device char *) dst  + i11*args.nb2 + i10*args.nb1))[ind] =
-        ((const device int32_t *) ((const device char *) src0 + i02*args.nb02 + r*args.nb01))[ind];
+    for (int ind = tiitg%tptg.x; ind < args.nk0; ind += tptg.x) {
+        dst_row[ind] = (T) src_row[ind];
     }
 }
 
+kernel void kernel_diag_f32(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_diag & args,
+        device   const char * src0,
+        device         char * dst,
+        uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+    constexpr short NW = N_SIMDWIDTH;
+
+    const int32_t i3 = tgpig.z;
+    const int32_t i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int32_t i1 = tgpig.x;
+
+    device const float * src0_ptr = (device const float *)(src0 +                i2*args.nb02 + i3*args.nb03);
+    device       float * dst_ptr  = (device       float *)(dst  + i1*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb2  + i3*args.nb3);
+
+    for (int i0 = tiitg; i0 < args.ne0; i0 += NW) {
+        dst_ptr[i0] = i0 == i1 ? src0_ptr[i0] : 0.0f;
+    }
+}
 
-#define BLOCK_SIZE_M 64 // 8 simdgroup matrices from matrix A
-#define BLOCK_SIZE_N 32 // 4 simdgroup matrices from matrix B
-#define BLOCK_SIZE_K 32
-#define THREAD_MAT_M 4 // each thread take 4 simdgroup matrices from matrix A
-#define THREAD_MAT_N 2 // each thread take 2 simdgroup matrices from matrix B
-#define THREAD_PER_BLOCK 128
-#define THREAD_PER_ROW 2 // 2 thread for each row in matrix A to load numbers
-#define THREAD_PER_COL 4 // 4 thread for each row in matrix B to load numbers
-#define SG_MAT_SIZE 64 // simdgroup matrix is of shape 8x8
-#define SG_MAT_ROW 8
+constant bool FC_mul_mm_bc_inp [[function_constant(FC_MUL_MM + 0)]];
+constant bool FC_mul_mm_bc_out [[function_constant(FC_MUL_MM + 1)]];
 
 // each block_q contains 16*nl weights
-template<typename T, typename T4x4, typename simdgroup_T8x8, typename block_q, short nl, void (*dequantize_func)(device const block_q *, short, thread T4x4 &)>
+template<typename S0, typename S0_4x4, typename S0_8x8, typename S1, typename S1_2x4, typename S1_8x8, typename block_q, short nl, void (*dequantize_func)(device const block_q *, short, thread S0_4x4 &), typename T0, typename T0_4x4, typename T1, typename T1_2x4>
 kernel void kernel_mul_mm(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm & args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -6438,130 +8964,296 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mm(
         ushort tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
 
-    threadgroup T     * sa = (threadgroup T     *)(shmem);
-    threadgroup float * sb = (threadgroup float *)(shmem + 4096);
+    threadgroup S0 * sa = (threadgroup S0 *)(shmem);
+    threadgroup S1 * sb = (threadgroup S1 *)(shmem + 4096);
+
+#ifdef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+    threadgroup float * sc = (threadgroup float *)(shmem);
+#endif
+
+    constexpr int NR0 = 64;
+    constexpr int NR1 = 32;
+
+    constexpr int NK  = 32;
+    constexpr int NL0 = NK/16;
+    constexpr int NL1 = NK/8;
 
-    const int r0 = tgpig.y;
-    const int r1 = tgpig.x;
     const int im = tgpig.z;
+    const int r0 = tgpig.y*NR0;
+    const int r1 = tgpig.x*NR1;
 
     // if this block is of 64x32 shape or smaller
-    const short n_rows = (args.ne0 - r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M < BLOCK_SIZE_M) ? (args.ne0 - r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M) : BLOCK_SIZE_M;
-    const short n_cols = (args.ne1 - r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N < BLOCK_SIZE_N) ? (args.ne1 - r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N) : BLOCK_SIZE_N;
+    const short nr0 = (args.ne0 - r0 < NR0) ? (args.ne0 - r0) : NR0;
+    const short nr1 = (args.ne1 - r1 < NR1) ? (args.ne1 - r1) : NR1;
 
     // a thread shouldn't load data outside of the matrix
-    const short thread_row = ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW) < n_rows ? ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW) : n_rows - 1;
-    const short thread_col = ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_COL) < n_cols ? ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_COL) : n_cols - 1;
-
-    simdgroup_T8x8     ma[4];
-    simdgroup_float8x8 mb[2];
-    simdgroup_float8x8 mc[8];
+    const short lr0 = ((short)tiitg/NL0) < nr0 ? ((short)tiitg/NL0) : nr0 - 1; // 0 .. 63
+    const short lr1 = ((short)tiitg/NL1) < nr1 ? ((short)tiitg/NL1) : nr1 - 1; // 0 .. 31
 
-    for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++){
-        mc[i] = make_filled_simdgroup_matrix<float, 8>(0.f);
-    }
+    const short il0 = (tiitg % NL0);
 
-    short il = (tiitg % THREAD_PER_ROW);
+    short il = il0;
 
     const int i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const int i13 = im/args.ne12;
 
     const uint64_t offset0 = (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
-    const short    offset1 = il/nl;
+    const short    offset1 = il0/nl;
+
+    device const block_q * x = (device const block_q *)(src0 + args.nb01*(r0 + lr0) + offset0) + offset1;
 
-    device const block_q * x = (device const block_q *)(src0
-        + args.nb01*(r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M + thread_row) + offset0) + offset1;
+    const short iy = 8*(tiitg % NL1);
 
-    device const float   * y = (device const float   *)(src1
+    device const T1 * y = (device const T1 *)(src1
         + args.nb13*i13
         + args.nb12*i12
-        + args.nb11*(r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N + thread_col)
-        + args.nb10*(BLOCK_SIZE_K / THREAD_PER_COL * (tiitg % THREAD_PER_COL)));
+        + args.nb11*(r1 + lr1)
+        + args.nb10*iy);
+
+#ifndef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+    S0_8x8 ma[4];
+    S1_8x8 mb[2];
+
+    simdgroup_float8x8 mc[8];
+
+    for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++){
+        mc[i] = make_filled_simdgroup_matrix<float, 8>(0.f);
+    }
+#else
+    auto tA = tensor<threadgroup S0, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(sa, dextents<int32_t, 2>(NK,  NR0));
+    auto tB = tensor<threadgroup S1, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(sb, dextents<int32_t, 2>(NR1, NK ));
+
+    mpp::tensor_ops::matmul2d<
+        mpp::tensor_ops::matmul2d_descriptor(NR1, NR0, NK, false, true, false, mpp::tensor_ops::matmul2d_descriptor::mode::multiply_accumulate),
+        execution_simdgroups<4>> mm;
+
+    auto cT = mm.get_destination_cooperative_tensor<decltype(tA), decltype(tB), float>();
+#endif
+
+    for (int loop_k = 0; loop_k < args.ne00; loop_k += NK) {
+#ifndef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+        // load data and store to threadgroup memory
+        if (is_same<T0_4x4, block_q>::value && FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+            // no need for dequantization
+            for (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
+
+              //const short lx = i%8;
+              //const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short ly = i%8;
+
+                const short ib = 8*sx + sy;
+
+                *(sa + 64*ib + 8*ly + lx) = loop_k + 16*il + i < args.ne00 ? *((device T0 *) x + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            S0_4x4 temp_a;
+            dequantize_func(x, il, temp_a);
+
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
+
+              //const short lx = i%8;
+              //const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short ly = i%8;
 
-    for (int loop_k = 0; loop_k < args.ne00; loop_k += BLOCK_SIZE_K) {
+                const short ib = 8*sx + sy;
+
+                // NOTE: this is massively slower.. WTF?
+                //sa[64*ib + 8*ly + lx] = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+
+                *(sa + 64*ib + 8*ly + lx) = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            for (short i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+                const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+              //const short lx = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+              //const short ly = i;
+
+                const short ib = 4*sx + sy;
+
+                *(sb + 64*ib + 8*ly + lx) = loop_k + iy + i < args.ne00 ? (S1) *((device T1 *) y + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+            const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
+
+          //const short dx = sx;
+          //const short dy = sy;
+
+            const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+
+            const short ib = 4*sx + sy;
+
+            *(threadgroup S1_2x4 *)(sb + 64*ib + 8*ly) = (S1_2x4)(*((device T1_2x4 *) y));
+        }
+#else
         // load data and store to threadgroup memory
-        T4x4 temp_a;
-        dequantize_func(x, il, temp_a);
+        if (is_same<T0_4x4, block_q>::value && FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+            // no need for dequantization
+            for (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i%8;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short ly = i%8;
+
+                *(sa + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx + lx) = loop_k + 16*il + i < args.ne00 ? *((device T0 *) x + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            S0_4x4 temp_a;
+            dequantize_func(x, il, temp_a);
+
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i%8;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short ly = i%8;
+
+                *(sa + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx + lx) = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            for (short i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+                const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+                //const short lx = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+                //const short ly = i;
+
+                *(sb + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx + lx) = loop_k + iy + i < args.ne00 ? (S1) *((device T1 *) y + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+            const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
 
-        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+            //const short lx = i;
+            const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+            //const short lx = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+            //const short ly = i;
 
-        #pragma unroll(16)
-        for (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-            *(sa + SG_MAT_SIZE * ((tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW/8) \
-            +                     (tiitg%THREAD_PER_ROW)*16 + (i/8)*8) \
-            +                     (tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW)%8  + (i&7)*8) = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+            *(threadgroup S1_2x4 *)(sb + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx) = (S1_2x4)(*((device T1_2x4 *) y));
         }
-
-        *(threadgroup float2x4 *)(sb + 32*8*(tiitg%THREAD_PER_COL) + 8*(tiitg/THREAD_PER_COL)) = *((device float2x4 *) y);
+#endif
 
         il = (il + 2 < nl) ? il + 2 : il % 2;
         x  = (il < 2) ? x + (2 + nl - 1)/nl : x;
-        y += BLOCK_SIZE_K;
+
+        y += NK;
 
         threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
+#ifndef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
         // load matrices from threadgroup memory and conduct outer products
-        threadgroup const T     * lsma = (sa + THREAD_MAT_M*SG_MAT_SIZE*(sgitg%2));
-        threadgroup const float * lsmb = (sb + THREAD_MAT_N*SG_MAT_SIZE*(sgitg/2));
-
-        #pragma unroll(4)
-        for (short ik = 0; ik < BLOCK_SIZE_K/8; ik++) {
-            #pragma unroll(4)
-            for (short i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                simdgroup_load(ma[i], lsma + SG_MAT_SIZE * i);
+        threadgroup const S0 * lsma = (sa + 4*64*(sgitg%2));
+        threadgroup const S1 * lsmb = (sb + 2*64*(sgitg/2));
+
+        FOR_UNROLL (short ik = 0; ik < NK/8; ik++) {
+            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
+
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                simdgroup_load(ma[i], lsma + 64*i, 8, 0, false);
             }
 
             simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
 
-            #pragma unroll(2)
-            for (short i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-                simdgroup_load(mb[i], lsmb + SG_MAT_SIZE * i);
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                simdgroup_load(mb[i], lsmb + 64*i, 8, 0, false);
             }
 
-            #pragma unroll(8)
-            for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++){
+            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
+
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 8; i++){
                 simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mc[i], mb[i/4], ma[i%4], mc[i]);
             }
 
-            lsma += (BLOCK_SIZE_M/SG_MAT_ROW)*SG_MAT_SIZE;
-            lsmb += (BLOCK_SIZE_N/SG_MAT_ROW)*SG_MAT_SIZE;
+            lsma += 8*64;
+            lsmb += 4*64;
         }
+#else
+        auto sA = tA.slice(0, 0);
+        auto sB = tB.slice(0, 0);
+
+        mm.run(sB, sA, cT);
+#endif
     }
 
-    if ((r0 + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_M <= args.ne0 && (r1 + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_N <= args.ne1) {
+    if (!FC_mul_mm_bc_out || (r0 + NR0 <= args.ne0 && r1 + NR1 <= args.ne1)) {
+        // if no bounds checks on the output are needed, we can directly write to device memory
+#ifdef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+        device float * C = (device float *) dst +
+            r0 + \
+            r1 * args.ne0 + im*args.ne1*args.ne0;
+
+        auto tC = tensor<device float, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(C, dextents<int32_t, 2>(args.ne0, NR1));
+        cT.store(tC);
+#else
         device float * C = (device float *) dst +
-            (BLOCK_SIZE_M * r0 + 32*(sgitg &  1)) + \
-            (BLOCK_SIZE_N * r1 + 16*(sgitg >> 1)) * args.ne0 + im*args.ne1*args.ne0;
+            (r0 + 32*(sgitg &  1)) + \
+            (r1 + 16*(sgitg >> 1)) * args.ne0 + im*args.ne1*args.ne0;
 
         for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            simdgroup_store(mc[i], C + 8 * (i%4) + 8 * args.ne0 * (i/4), args.ne0);
+            simdgroup_store(mc[i], C + 8*(i%4) + 8*args.ne0*(i/4), args.ne0, 0, false);
         }
+#endif
     } else {
         // block is smaller than 64x32, we should avoid writing data outside of the matrix
         threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
-        threadgroup float * temp_str = ((threadgroup float *) shmem) \
-                                     + 32*(sgitg&1) + (16*(sgitg >> 1))*BLOCK_SIZE_M;
+
+        threadgroup float * temp_str = ((threadgroup float *) shmem) + 32*(sgitg&1) + (16*(sgitg >> 1))*NR0;
+
+#ifdef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+        auto tC = tensor<threadgroup float, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(sc, dextents<int32_t, 2>(NR0, NR1));
+        cT.store(tC);
+#else
         for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            simdgroup_store(mc[i], temp_str + 8*(i%4) + 8*BLOCK_SIZE_M*(i/4), BLOCK_SIZE_M);
+            simdgroup_store(mc[i], temp_str + 8*(i%4) + 8*NR0*(i/4), NR0, 0, false);
         }
+#endif
 
         threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
         if (sgitg == 0) {
-            for (int j = tiitg; j < n_cols; j += BLOCK_SIZE_N) {
-                device float  * D  = (device float  *) dst + (r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M) + (r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N + j)*args.ne0 + im*args.ne1*args.ne0;
+            for (int j = tiitg; j < nr1; j += NR1) {
+                device float  * D  = (device float  *) dst + r0 + (r1 + j)*args.ne0 + im*args.ne1*args.ne0;
                 device float4 * D4 = (device float4 *) D;
 
-                threadgroup float  * C  = temp_str + (j*BLOCK_SIZE_M);
+                threadgroup float  * C  = temp_str + (j*NR0);
                 threadgroup float4 * C4 = (threadgroup float4 *) C;
 
                 int i = 0;
-                for (; i < n_rows/4; i++) {
+                for (; i < nr0/4; i++) {
                     *(D4 + i) = *(C4 + i);
                 }
 
                 i *= 4;
-                for (; i < n_rows; i++) {
+                for (; i < nr0; i++) {
                     *(D + i) = *(C + i);
                 }
             }
@@ -6569,234 +9261,373 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mm(
     }
 }
 
-template<typename T4>
+template<short ne20> // n_expert_used
 kernel void kernel_mul_mm_id_map0(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id_map0 & args,
-        device  const char * src1,
         device  const char * src2,
-        device        char * hsrc1,
         device        char * htpe,
         device        char * hids,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int ide = tgpig[0]; // expert id
-
-    int n_all = 0;
-
-    device int32_t * ids_i32 = (device int32_t *) (hids);
+        threadgroup   char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        ushort tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const short ide = tpitg; // expert id
 
-    for (int i21 = 0; i21 < args.neh11; i21++) { // n_tokens
-        device const int32_t * src2_i32 = (device const int32_t *) (src2 + i21*args.nb21);
+    uint32_t n_all = 0;
 
-        for (int i20 = 0; i20 < args.ne20; i20++) { // n_expert_used
-            if (src2_i32[i20] != ide) {
-                continue;
-            }
+    device int32_t * ids_i32 = (device int32_t *) hids + ide*args.ne21;
 
-            device const float4 *  src1_f32x4 = (device const float4 *) ( src1 + i21*args.nb12 + (i20%args.ne11)*args.nb11);
-            device       T4     * hsrc1_f32x4 = (device       T4     *) (hsrc1 + (ide*args.neh11 + n_all)*args.nbh11);
+    for (int i21 = 0; i21 < args.ne21; i21 += ntg) { // n_tokens
+        if (i21 + tpitg < args.ne21) {
+            device const int32_t * src2_i32 = (device const int32_t *) (src2 + (i21 + tpitg)*args.nb21);
 
-            for (int64_t i00 = tpitg.x; i00 < args.ne10/4; i00 += ntg.x) {
-                hsrc1_f32x4[i00] = (T4) (src1_f32x4[i00]);
-            }
+            threadgroup uint16_t * sids = (threadgroup uint16_t *) shmem + tpitg*ne20;
 
-            if (tpitg.x == 0) {
-                ids_i32[i21*args.ne20 + i20] = ide*args.neh11 + n_all;
+            #pragma unroll(ne20)
+            for (short i20 = 0; i20 < ne20; i20++) {
+                sids[i20] = src2_i32[i20];
             }
-
-            ++n_all;
         }
-    }
-
-    if (tpitg.x == 0) {
-        device int32_t * tpe_i32 = (device int32_t *) (htpe);
-        tpe_i32[ide] = n_all;
-    }
-}
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<half4>) kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_f16")]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<half4>;
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-template<typename T>
-kernel void kernel_mul_mm_id_map1(
-        constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id_map1 & args,
-        device  const char * hdst,
-        device  const char * hids,
-        device        char * dst,
-        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
-        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
-        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
-    const int i20 = tgpig[0]; // used expert
-    const int i21 = tgpig[1]; // token
+        for (short t = 0; t < ntg; t++) {
+            if (i21 + t >= args.ne21) {
+                break;
+            }
 
-    device const int32_t * ids_i32    = (device const int32_t *) (hids);
-    device       float4  * dst_f32x4  = (device       float4  *) (dst + i20*args.nb1 + i21*args.nb2);
+            threadgroup const uint16_t * sids = (threadgroup const uint16_t *) shmem + t*ne20;
 
-    const int id = ids_i32[i21*args.ne20 + i20];
+            short sel = 0;
+            #pragma unroll(ne20)
+            for (short i20 = 0; i20 < ne20; i20++) {
+                sel += (sids[i20] == ide)*(i20 + 1);
+            }
 
-    const int ide = id / args.neh1;
-    const int idt = id % args.neh1;
+            ids_i32[n_all] = (i21 + t)*ne20 + sel - 1;
 
-    device const float4 * hdst_f32x4 = (device const float4 *) (hdst + idt*args.nbh1 + ide*args.nbh2);
+            n_all += sel > 0;
+        }
 
-    for (int64_t i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.neh0/4; i0 += ntg.x) {
-        dst_f32x4[i0] = hdst_f32x4[i0];
+        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
     }
+
+    device uint32_t * tpe_u32 = (device uint32_t *) (htpe);
+    tpe_u32[ide] = n_all;
 }
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mm_id_map1<float>) kernel_mul_mm_id_map1_t;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<1>) kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map1_f32")]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map1_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map1<float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_1" )]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_2" )]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<2>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_4" )]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_5" )]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<5>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_6" )]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<6>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_8" )]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<8>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_10")]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<10>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_16")]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<16>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_ne20_22")]] kernel kernel_mul_mm_id_map0_t kernel_mul_mm_id_map0<22>;
 
-template<typename T, typename T4x4, typename simdgroup_T8x8, typename block_q, short nl, void (*dequantize_func)(device const block_q *, short, thread T4x4 &)>
+template<typename S0, typename S0_4x4, typename S0_8x8, typename S1, typename S1_2x4, typename S1_8x8, typename block_q, short nl, void (*dequantize_func)(device const block_q *, short, thread S0_4x4 &), typename T0, typename T0_4x4, typename T1, typename T1_2x4>
 kernel void kernel_mul_mm_id(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mm_id & args,
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
-        device const char * tpe,
+        device const char * htpe,
+        device const char * hids,
         device       char * dst,
         threadgroup  char * shmem [[threadgroup(0)]],
         uint3  tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
         ushort tiitg[[thread_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
         ushort sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
+    threadgroup S0 * sa = (threadgroup S0 *)(shmem);
+    threadgroup S1 * sb = (threadgroup S1 *)(shmem + 4096);
 
-    threadgroup T    * sa = (threadgroup T    *)(shmem);
-    threadgroup half * sb = (threadgroup half *)(shmem + 4096);
+#ifdef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+    threadgroup float * sc = (threadgroup float *)(shmem);
+#endif
 
-    const int r0 = tgpig.y;
-    const int r1 = tgpig.x;
-    const int im = tgpig.z;
+    constexpr int NR0 = 64;
+    constexpr int NR1 = 32;
+
+    constexpr int NK  = 32;
+    constexpr int NL0 = NK/16;
+    constexpr int NL1 = NK/8;
+
+    const int im = tgpig.z; // expert
+    const int r0 = tgpig.y*NR0;
+    const int r1 = tgpig.x*NR1;
 
-    device const int32_t * tpe_i32 = (device const int32_t *) (tpe);
+    device const uint32_t * tpe_u32 = (device const uint32_t *) (htpe);
+    device const int32_t  * ids_i32 = (device const int32_t  *) (hids);
 
-    const int neh1 = tpe_i32[im];
+    const int32_t neh1 = tpe_u32[im];
 
-    if (r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N >= neh1) {
+    if (r1 >= neh1) {
         return;
     }
 
     // if this block is of 64x32 shape or smaller
-    const short n_rows = (args.neh0 - r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M < BLOCK_SIZE_M) ? (args.neh0 - r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M) : BLOCK_SIZE_M;
-    const short n_cols = (     neh1 - r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N < BLOCK_SIZE_N) ? (     neh1 - r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N) : BLOCK_SIZE_N;
+    const short nr0 = (args.ne0 - r0 < NR0) ? (args.ne0 - r0) : NR0;
+    const short nr1 = (    neh1 - r1 < NR1) ? (    neh1 - r1) : NR1;
 
     // a thread shouldn't load data outside of the matrix
-    const short thread_row = ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW) < n_rows ? ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW) : n_rows - 1;
-    const short thread_col = ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_COL) < n_cols ? ((short)tiitg/THREAD_PER_COL) : n_cols - 1;
+    const short lr0 = ((short)tiitg/NL0) < nr0 ? ((short)tiitg/NL0) : nr0 - 1; // 0 .. 63
+    const short lr1 = ((short)tiitg/NL1) < nr1 ? ((short)tiitg/NL1) : nr1 - 1; // 0 .. 31
+
+    const short il0 = (tiitg % NL0);
+
+    short il = il0;
+
+    const int id = ids_i32[im*args.ne21 + r1 + lr1];
+
+    const short i11 = (id % args.ne20) % args.ne11;
+    const short i12 = (id / args.ne20);
+    const short i13 = 0;
+
+    const uint64_t offset0 = im*args.nb02 + i13*args.nb03;
+    const short    offset1 = il0/nl;
+
+    device const block_q * x = (device const block_q *)(src0 + args.nb01*(r0 + lr0) + offset0) + offset1;
+
+    const short iy = 8*(tiitg % NL1);
+
+    device const T1 * y = (device const T1 *)(src1
+        + args.nb13*i13
+        + args.nb12*i12
+        + args.nb11*i11
+        + args.nb10*iy);
+
+#ifndef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+    S0_8x8 ma[4];
+    S1_8x8 mb[2];
 
-    simdgroup_T8x8     ma[4];
-    simdgroup_half8x8  mb[2];
     simdgroup_float8x8 mc[8];
 
     for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++){
         mc[i] = make_filled_simdgroup_matrix<float, 8>(0.f);
     }
+#else
+    auto tA = tensor<threadgroup S0, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(sa, dextents<int32_t, 2>(NK,  NR0));
+    auto tB = tensor<threadgroup S1, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(sb, dextents<int32_t, 2>(NR1, NK ));
 
-    short il = (tiitg % THREAD_PER_ROW);
+    mpp::tensor_ops::matmul2d<
+        mpp::tensor_ops::matmul2d_descriptor(NR1, NR0, NK, false, true, false, mpp::tensor_ops::matmul2d_descriptor::mode::multiply_accumulate),
+        execution_simdgroups<4>> mm;
 
-    const int i12 = im%args.neh12;
-    const int i13 = im/args.neh12;
+    auto cT = mm.get_destination_cooperative_tensor<decltype(tA), decltype(tB), float>();
+#endif
 
-    const uint64_t offset0 = (i12/args.r2)*args.nb02 + (i13/args.r3)*args.nb03;
-    const short    offset1 = il/nl;
+    for (int loop_k = 0; loop_k < args.ne00; loop_k += NK) {
+#ifndef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+        // load data and store to threadgroup memory
+        if (is_same<T0_4x4, block_q>::value && FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+            // no need for dequantization
+            for (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
+
+              //const short lx = i%8;
+              //const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short ly = i%8;
+
+                const short ib = 8*sx + sy;
+
+                *(sa + 64*ib + 8*ly + lx) = loop_k + 16*il + i < args.ne00 ? *((device T0 *) x + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            S0_4x4 temp_a;
+            dequantize_func(x, il, temp_a);
+
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-    device const block_q * x = (device const block_q *)(src0
-        + args.nb01*(r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M + thread_row) + offset0) + offset1;
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
 
-    device const half   * y = (device const half   *)(src1
-        + args.nbh13*i13
-        + args.nbh12*i12
-        + args.nbh11*(r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N + thread_col)
-        + args.nbh10*(BLOCK_SIZE_K / THREAD_PER_COL * (tiitg % THREAD_PER_COL)));
+              //const short lx = i%8;
+              //const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                const short ly = i%8;
 
-    for (int loop_k = 0; loop_k < args.ne00; loop_k += BLOCK_SIZE_K) {
+                const short ib = 8*sx + sy;
+
+                // NOTE: this is massively slower.. WTF?
+                //sa[64*ib + 8*ly + lx] = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+
+                *(sa + 64*ib + 8*ly + lx) = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            for (short i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+                const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+              //const short lx = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+              //const short ly = i;
+
+                const short ib = 4*sx + sy;
+
+                *(sb + 64*ib + 8*ly + lx) = loop_k + iy + i < args.ne00 ? (S1) *((device T1 *) y + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+            const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
+
+          //const short dx = sx;
+          //const short dy = sy;
+
+            const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+
+            const short ib = 4*sx + sy;
+
+            *(threadgroup S1_2x4 *)(sb + 64*ib + 8*ly) = (S1_2x4)(*((device T1_2x4 *) y));
+        }
+#else
         // load data and store to threadgroup memory
-        T4x4 temp_a;
-        dequantize_func(x, il, temp_a);
+        if (is_same<T0_4x4, block_q>::value && FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+            // no need for dequantization
+            for (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i%8;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short ly = i%8;
+
+                *(sa + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx + lx) = loop_k + 16*il + i < args.ne00 ? *((device T0 *) x + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            S0_4x4 temp_a;
+            dequantize_func(x, il, temp_a);
+
+            threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-        #pragma unroll(16)
-        for (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-            *(sa + SG_MAT_SIZE * ((tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW/8) \
-            +                     (tiitg%THREAD_PER_ROW)*16 + (i/8)*8) \
-            +                     (tiitg/THREAD_PER_ROW)%8  + (i&7)*8) = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                const short sx = 2*il0 + i/8;
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL0)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i%8;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short lx = (tiitg/NL0)%8;
+                //const short ly = i%8;
+
+                *(sa + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx + lx) = temp_a[i/4][i%4];
+            }
         }
 
-        *(threadgroup half2x4 *)(sb + 32*8*(tiitg%THREAD_PER_COL) + 8*(tiitg/THREAD_PER_COL)) = *((device half2x4 *) y);
+        if (FC_mul_mm_bc_inp) {
+            for (short i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+                const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+                const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
+
+                const short lx = i;
+                const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+                //const short lx = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+                //const short ly = i;
+
+                *(sb + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx + lx) = loop_k + iy + i < args.ne00 ? (S1) *((device T1 *) y + i) : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            const short sx = (tiitg%NL1);
+            const short sy = (tiitg/NL1)/8;
+
+            //const short lx = i;
+            const short ly = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+            //const short lx = (tiitg/NL1)%8;
+            //const short ly = i;
+
+            *(threadgroup S1_2x4 *)(sb + NK*(8*sy + ly) + 8*sx) = (S1_2x4)(*((device T1_2x4 *) y));
+        }
+#endif
 
         il = (il + 2 < nl) ? il + 2 : il % 2;
         x  = (il < 2) ? x + (2 + nl - 1)/nl : x;
-        y += BLOCK_SIZE_K;
+
+        y += NK;
 
         threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
+#ifndef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
         // load matrices from threadgroup memory and conduct outer products
-        threadgroup const T    * lsma = (sa + THREAD_MAT_M*SG_MAT_SIZE*(sgitg%2));
-        threadgroup const half * lsmb = (sb + THREAD_MAT_N*SG_MAT_SIZE*(sgitg/2));
-
-        #pragma unroll(4)
-        for (short ik = 0; ik < BLOCK_SIZE_K/8; ik++) {
-            #pragma unroll(4)
-            for (short i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                simdgroup_load(ma[i], lsma + SG_MAT_SIZE * i);
+        threadgroup const S0 * lsma = (sa + 4*64*(sgitg%2));
+        threadgroup const S1 * lsmb = (sb + 2*64*(sgitg/2));
+
+        FOR_UNROLL (short ik = 0; ik < NK/8; ik++) {
+            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
+
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                simdgroup_load(ma[i], lsma + 64*i, 8, 0, false);
             }
 
             simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
 
-            #pragma unroll(2)
-            for (short i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-                simdgroup_load(mb[i], lsmb + SG_MAT_SIZE * i);
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                simdgroup_load(mb[i], lsmb + 64*i, 8, 0, false);
             }
 
-            #pragma unroll(8)
-            for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++){
+            simdgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_none);
+
+            FOR_UNROLL (short i = 0; i < 8; i++){
                 simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(mc[i], mb[i/4], ma[i%4], mc[i]);
             }
 
-            lsma += (BLOCK_SIZE_M/SG_MAT_ROW)*SG_MAT_SIZE;
-            lsmb += (BLOCK_SIZE_N/SG_MAT_ROW)*SG_MAT_SIZE;
+            lsma += 8*64;
+            lsmb += 4*64;
         }
+#else
+        auto sA = tA.slice(0, 0);
+        auto sB = tB.slice(0, 0);
+
+        mm.run(sB, sA, cT);
+#endif
     }
 
-    if ((r0 + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_M <= args.neh0 && (r1 + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_N <= neh1) {
-        device float * C = (device float *) dst +
-            (BLOCK_SIZE_M * r0 + 32*(sgitg &  1)) + \
-            (BLOCK_SIZE_N * r1 + 16*(sgitg >> 1)) * args.neh0 + im*args.neh1*args.neh0;
+    // block is smaller than 64x32, we should avoid writing data outside of the matrix
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-        for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            simdgroup_store(mc[i], C + 8 * (i%4) + 8 * args.neh0 * (i/4), args.neh0);
-        }
-    } else {
-        // block is smaller than 64x32, we should avoid writing data outside of the matrix
-        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
-        threadgroup float * temp_str = ((threadgroup float *) shmem) \
-                                     + 32*(sgitg&1) + (16*(sgitg >> 1))*BLOCK_SIZE_M;
-        for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            simdgroup_store(mc[i], temp_str + 8*(i%4) + 8*BLOCK_SIZE_M*(i/4), BLOCK_SIZE_M);
-        }
+#ifdef GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR
+    auto tC = tensor<threadgroup float, dextents<int32_t, 2>, tensor_inline>(sc, dextents<int32_t, 2>(NR0, NR1));
+    cT.store(tC);
+#else
+    threadgroup float * temp_str = ((threadgroup float *) shmem) + 32*(sgitg&1) + (16*(sgitg >> 1))*NR0;
 
-        threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+    for (short i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        simdgroup_store(mc[i], temp_str + 8*(i%4) + 8*NR0*(i/4), NR0, 0, false);
+    }
+#endif
 
-        if (sgitg == 0) {
-            for (int j = tiitg; j < n_cols; j += BLOCK_SIZE_N) {
-                device float  * D  = (device float  *) dst + (r0*BLOCK_SIZE_M) + (r1*BLOCK_SIZE_N + j)*args.neh0 + im*args.neh1*args.neh0;
-                device float4 * D4 = (device float4 *) D;
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
 
-                threadgroup float  * C  = temp_str + (j*BLOCK_SIZE_M);
-                threadgroup float4 * C4 = (threadgroup float4 *) C;
+    for (short j = sgitg; j < nr1; j += 4) {
+        const int id = ids_i32[im*args.ne21 + r1 + j];
 
-                int i = 0;
-                for (; i < n_rows/4; i++) {
-                    *(D4 + i) = *(C4 + i);
-                }
+        const short ide = id % args.ne20;
+        const short idt = id / args.ne20;
 
-                i *= 4;
-                for (; i < n_rows; i++) {
-                    *(D + i) = *(C + i);
-                }
-            }
+        device float  * D  = (device float  *) dst + r0 + ide*args.ne0 + idt*args.ne1*args.ne0;
+        device float4 * D4 = (device float4 *) D;
+
+        threadgroup float  * C  = (threadgroup float  *) shmem + j*NR0;
+        threadgroup float4 * C4 = (threadgroup float4 *) C;
+
+        int i = tiisg;
+        for (; i < nr0/4; i += 32) {
+            *(D4 + i) = *(C4 + i);
+        }
+
+        i = (4*(nr0/4)) + tiisg;
+        for (; i < nr0; i += 32) {
+            *(D + i) = *(C + i);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -6807,12 +9638,13 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mm_id(
 // get rows
 //
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_get_rows_f<float>) get_rows_f_t;
+typedef decltype(kernel_get_rows_f<float, float>) get_rows_f_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_f32")]]  kernel get_rows_f_t kernel_get_rows_f<float>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_f16")]]  kernel get_rows_f_t kernel_get_rows_f<half>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_bf16")]] kernel get_rows_f_t kernel_get_rows_f<bfloat>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_f32")]]  kernel get_rows_f_t kernel_get_rows_f<float, float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_f16")]]  kernel get_rows_f_t kernel_get_rows_f<half,  float>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_i32")]]  kernel get_rows_f_t kernel_get_rows_f<int32_t, int32_t>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_bf16")]] kernel get_rows_f_t kernel_get_rows_f<bfloat, float>;
 #endif
 
 typedef decltype(kernel_get_rows_q<block_q4_0, 2, dequantize_q4_0>) get_rows_q_t;
@@ -6822,6 +9654,7 @@ template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_q4_1")]]    kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_q5_0")]]    kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_q5_0,    2, dequantize_q5_0>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_q5_1")]]    kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_q5_1,    2, dequantize_q5_1>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_q8_0")]]    kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_q8_0,    2, dequantize_q8_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_mxfp4")]]   kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_mxfp4,   2, dequantize_mxfp4>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_q2_K")]]    kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_q2_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q2_K>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_q3_K")]]    kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_q3_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q3_K>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_q4_K")]]    kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_q4_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q4_K>;
@@ -6837,74 +9670,151 @@ template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_iq1_m")]]   kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_iq4_nl")]]  kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_iq4_nl,  2,     dequantize_iq4_nl>;
 template [[host_name("kernel_get_rows_iq4_xs")]]  kernel get_rows_q_t kernel_get_rows_q<block_iq4_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq4_xs>;
 
+//
+// set rows
+//
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_set_rows_f<float, int64_t>) set_rows_f_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_f32_i64")]]  kernel set_rows_f_t kernel_set_rows_f<float, int64_t>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_f32_i32")]]  kernel set_rows_f_t kernel_set_rows_f<float, int32_t>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_f16_i64")]]  kernel set_rows_f_t kernel_set_rows_f<half, int64_t>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_f16_i32")]]  kernel set_rows_f_t kernel_set_rows_f<half, int32_t>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_bf16_i64")]] kernel set_rows_f_t kernel_set_rows_f<bfloat, int64_t>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_bf16_i32")]] kernel set_rows_f_t kernel_set_rows_f<bfloat, int32_t>;
+#endif
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_set_rows_q32<int64_t, block_q8_0, quantize_q8_0>) set_rows_q32_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q8_0_i64")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int64_t, block_q8_0,   quantize_q8_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q8_0_i32")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int32_t, block_q8_0,   quantize_q8_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q4_0_i64")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int64_t, block_q4_0,   quantize_q4_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q4_0_i32")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int32_t, block_q4_0,   quantize_q4_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q4_1_i64")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int64_t, block_q4_1,   quantize_q4_1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q4_1_i32")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int32_t, block_q4_1,   quantize_q4_1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q5_0_i64")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int64_t, block_q5_0,   quantize_q5_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q5_0_i32")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int32_t, block_q5_0,   quantize_q5_0>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q5_1_i64")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int64_t, block_q5_1,   quantize_q5_1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_q5_1_i32")]]   kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int32_t, block_q5_1,   quantize_q5_1>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_iq4_nl_i64")]] kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int64_t, block_iq4_nl, quantize_iq4_nl>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_set_rows_iq4_nl_i32")]] kernel set_rows_q32_t kernel_set_rows_q32<int32_t, block_iq4_nl, quantize_iq4_nl>;
+
 //
 // matrix-matrix multiplication
 //
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mm<half, half4x4, simdgroup_half8x8, float4x4, 1, dequantize_f32>) mul_mm_t;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mm<half, half4x4, simdgroup_half8x8, half, half2x4, simdgroup_half8x8, float4x4, 1, dequantize_f32, float, float4x4, float, float2x4>) mul_mm_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_f32_f32")]]     kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   float4x4,      1,     dequantize_f32>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32")]]     kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half4x4,       1,     dequantize_f16>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_bf16_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<bfloat, bfloat4x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, bfloat4x4,     1,     dequantize_bf16>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_f32_f32")]]     kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   float4x4,      1,     dequantize_f32,     float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32")]]     kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half4x4,       1,     dequantize_f16,     half,   half4x4,   float, float2x4>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_bf16_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<bfloat, bfloat4x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, bfloat, bfloat2x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, bfloat4x4,     1,     dequantize_bf16,    bfloat, bfloat4x4, float, float2x4>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_0,    2,     dequantize_q4_0>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_1,    2,     dequantize_q4_1>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_0,    2,     dequantize_q5_0>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_1_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_1,    2,     dequantize_q5_1>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q8_0,    2,     dequantize_q8_0>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q2_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q2_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q2_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q3_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q3_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q3_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q4_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q5_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q6_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q6_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q6_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_xxs_f32")]] kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xxs>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_xs_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xs>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq3_xxs_f32")]] kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_xxs>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq3_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_s>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_s>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq1_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_s>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq1_m_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_m,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_m>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq4_nl_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_nl,  2,     dequantize_iq4_nl>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq4_xs_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq4_xs>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_0,    2,     dequantize_q4_0,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_1,    2,     dequantize_q4_1,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_0,    2,     dequantize_q5_0,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_1_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_1,    2,     dequantize_q5_1,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q8_0,    2,     dequantize_q8_0,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_mxfp4_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_mxfp4,   2,     dequantize_mxfp4,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q2_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q2_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q2_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q3_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q3_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q3_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q4_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q5_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q6_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q6_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q6_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_xxs_f32")]] kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xxs, float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_xs_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xs,  float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq3_xxs_f32")]] kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_xxs, float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq3_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_s,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_s,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq1_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_s,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq1_m_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_m,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_m,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq4_nl_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_nl,  2,     dequantize_iq4_nl,  float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq4_xs_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq4_xs,  float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_f32_f16")]]     kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   float4x4,      1,     dequantize_f32,     float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_f16_f16")]]     kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half4x4,       1,     dequantize_f16,     half,   half4x4,   half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_0,    2,     dequantize_q4_0,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_1,    2,     dequantize_q4_1,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_0,    2,     dequantize_q5_0,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_1_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_1,    2,     dequantize_q5_1,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q8_0,    2,     dequantize_q8_0,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_mxfp4_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_mxfp4,   2,     dequantize_mxfp4,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q2_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q2_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q2_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q3_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q3_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q3_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q4_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q4_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q5_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q5_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_q6_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q6_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q6_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_xxs_f16")]] kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xxs, float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_xs_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xs,  float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq3_xxs_f16")]] kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_xxs, float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq3_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_s,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq2_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_s,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq1_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_s,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq1_m_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_m,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_m,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq4_nl_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_nl,  2,     dequantize_iq4_nl,  float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_iq4_xs_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_t kernel_mul_mm<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq4_xs,  float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
 
 //
 // indirect matrix-matrix multiplication
 //
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mm_id<half, half4x4, simdgroup_half8x8, float4x4, 1, dequantize_f32>) mul_mm_id;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mm_id<half, half4x4, simdgroup_half8x8, half, half2x4, simdgroup_half8x8, float4x4, 1, dequantize_f32, float, float4x4, float, float2x4>) mul_mm_id;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_f32_f16")]]     kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   float4x4,      1,     dequantize_f32>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_f16_f16")]]     kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half4x4,       1,     dequantize_f16>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_bf16_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<bfloat, bfloat4x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, bfloat4x4,     1,     dequantize_bf16>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_f32_f32")]]     kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   float4x4,      1,     dequantize_f32,     float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_f16_f32")]]     kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half4x4,       1,     dequantize_f16,     half,   half4x4,   float, float2x4>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_bf16_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<bfloat, bfloat4x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, bfloat, bfloat2x4, simdgroup_bfloat8x8, bfloat4x4,     1,     dequantize_bf16,    bfloat, bfloat4x4, float, float2x4>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_0,    2,     dequantize_q4_0>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_1_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_1,    2,     dequantize_q4_1>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_0,    2,     dequantize_q5_0>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_1_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_1,    2,     dequantize_q5_1>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q8_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q8_0,    2,     dequantize_q8_0>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q2_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q2_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q2_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q3_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q3_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q3_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q4_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q5_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q6_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q6_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q6_K>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_xxs_f16")]] kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xxs>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_xs_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xs>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq3_xxs_f16")]] kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_xxs>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq3_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_s>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_s>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq1_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_s>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq1_m_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_m,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_m>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq4_nl_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_nl,  2,     dequantize_iq4_nl>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq4_xs_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq4_xs>;
-
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_0,    2,     dequantize_q4_0,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_1_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_1,    2,     dequantize_q4_1,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_0,    2,     dequantize_q5_0,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_1_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_1,    2,     dequantize_q5_1,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q8_0_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q8_0,    2,     dequantize_q8_0,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_mxfp4_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_mxfp4,   2,     dequantize_mxfp4,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q2_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q2_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q2_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q3_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q3_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q3_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q4_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q5_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q6_K_f32")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q6_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q6_K,    float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_xxs_f32")]] kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xxs, float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_xs_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xs,  float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq3_xxs_f32")]] kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_xxs, float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq3_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_s,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_s,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq1_s_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_s,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq1_m_f32")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_m,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_m,   float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq4_nl_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_nl,  2,     dequantize_iq4_nl,  float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq4_xs_f32")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq4_xs,  float,  float4x4,  float, float2x4>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_f32_f16")]]     kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   float4x4,      1,     dequantize_f32,     float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_f16_f16")]]     kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half4x4,       1,     dequantize_f16,     half,   half4x4,   half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_0,    2,     dequantize_q4_0,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_1_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_1,    2,     dequantize_q4_1,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_0,    2,     dequantize_q5_0,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_1_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_1,    2,     dequantize_q5_1,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q8_0_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q8_0,    2,     dequantize_q8_0,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_mxfp4_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_mxfp4,   2,     dequantize_mxfp4,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q2_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q2_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q2_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q3_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q3_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q3_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q4_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q4_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q4_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q5_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q5_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q5_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_q6_K_f16")]]    kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_q6_K,    QK_NL, dequantize_q6_K,    float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_xxs_f16")]] kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xxs, float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_xs_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_xs,  float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq3_xxs_f16")]] kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_xxs, QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_xxs, float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq3_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq3_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq3_s,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq2_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq2_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq2_s,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq1_s_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_s,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_s,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq1_m_f16")]]   kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq1_m,   QK_NL, dequantize_iq1_m,   float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq4_nl_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_nl,  2,     dequantize_iq4_nl,  float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mm_id_iq4_xs_f16")]]  kernel mul_mm_id kernel_mul_mm_id<half,   half4x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   half,   half2x4,   simdgroup_half8x8,   block_iq4_xs,  QK_NL, dequantize_iq4_xs,  float,  float4x4,  half, half2x4>;
 
 //
 // matrix-vector multiplication
 //
 
-typedef void (kernel_mul_mv_impl_t)(
+typedef void (kernel_mul_mv_disp_t)(
         ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv args,
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
@@ -6912,7 +9822,7 @@ typedef void (kernel_mul_mv_impl_t)(
         uint3  tgpig,
         ushort tiisg);
 
-typedef void (kernel_mul_mv2_impl_t)(
+typedef void (kernel_mul_mv2_disp_t)(
         ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv args,
         device const char * src0,
         device const char * src1,
@@ -6922,7 +9832,7 @@ typedef void (kernel_mul_mv2_impl_t)(
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg);
 
-template<kernel_mul_mv_impl_t impl_fn>
+template<kernel_mul_mv_disp_t disp_fn>
 void mmv_fn(
         ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -6933,10 +9843,10 @@ void mmv_fn(
         ushort tiitg,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
-    impl_fn(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg);
+    disp_fn(args, src0, src1, dst, tgpig, tiisg);
 }
 
-template<kernel_mul_mv2_impl_t impl_fn>
+template<kernel_mul_mv2_disp_t disp_fn>
 void mmv_fn(
         ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv args,
         device const char * src0,
@@ -6947,12 +9857,12 @@ void mmv_fn(
         ushort tiitg,
         ushort tiisg,
         ushort sgitg) {
-    impl_fn(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
+    disp_fn(args, src0, src1, dst, shmem, tgpig, tiisg, sgitg);
 }
 
-typedef decltype(mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_impl<half, half4, half, half4, ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv>>) mul_mv_impl_fn_t;
+typedef decltype(mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_disp<half, half, ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv>>) mul_mv_disp_fn_t;
 
-template<mul_mv_impl_fn_t impl_fn>
+template<mul_mv_disp_fn_t disp_fn>
 kernel void kernel_mul_mv_id(
         constant ggml_metal_kargs_mul_mv_id & args,
         device const char * src0s,
@@ -6999,11 +9909,12 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_id(
         /*.nb13 =*/ args.nb12, // ne12 == 1
         /*.ne0  =*/ args.ne0,
         /*.ne1  =*/ 1, // args.ne1,
+        /*.nr0  =*/ args.nr0,
         /*.r2   =*/ 1,
         /*.r3   =*/ 1,
     };
 
-    impl_fn(
+    disp_fn(
         args0,
         /* src0 */ src0_cur,
         /* src1 */ src1_cur,
@@ -7015,42 +9926,52 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_id(
         sgitg);
 }
 
-typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_impl<float, float4, float, float4>>>) kernel_mul_mv_id_t;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_disp<float, float>>>) kernel_mul_mv_id_t;
 
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_f32_f32")]]     kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_impl<float, float4, float, float4>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_f16_f32")]]     kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_impl<half, half4, float, float4>>>;
-#if defined(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16)
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_bf16_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_impl<bfloat, bfloat4, float, float4>>>;
+typedef decltype(kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_disp<float, float4, float, float4>>>) kernel_mul_mv_id_4_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_f32_f32")]]     kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_disp<float, float>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_f16_f32")]]     kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_disp<half,  float>>>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_bf16_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_disp<bfloat, float>>>;
+#endif
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_f32_f32_4")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_4_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_disp<float, float4, float, float4>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_f16_f32_4")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_4_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_disp<half,  half4,  float, float4>>>;
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_BF16)
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_bf16_f32_4")]]  kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_4_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_t_t_4_disp<bfloat, bfloat4, float, float4>>>;
 #endif
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_impl<N_R0_Q8_0, N_SG_Q8_0, N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_0, N_R0_Q4_0, N_SG_Q4_0, N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_1_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_1, N_R0_Q4_1, N_SG_Q4_1, N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q5_0_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_0, N_R0_Q5_0, N_SG_Q5_0, N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q5_1_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_1, N_R0_Q5_1, N_SG_Q5_1, N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q2_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q2_K,    N_SG_Q2_K,    N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q3_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q3_K,    N_SG_Q3_K,    N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q4_K,    N_SG_Q4_K,    N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q5_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q5_K,    N_SG_Q5_K,    N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q6_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q6_K,    N_SG_Q6_K,    N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq1_s_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ1_S,   N_SG_IQ1_S,   N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq1_m_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ1_M,   N_SG_IQ1_M,   N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq2_xxs_f32")]] kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_XXS, N_SG_IQ2_XXS, N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq2_xs_f32")]]  kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32_impl <N_R0_IQ2_XS,  N_SG_IQ2_XS,  N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq3_xxs_f32")]] kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ3_XXS, N_SG_IQ3_XXS, N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq3_s_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ3_S,   N_SG_IQ3_S,   N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq2_s_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ2_S,   N_SG_IQ2_S,   N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq4_nl_f32")]]  kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl <N_R0_IQ4_NL,  N_SG_IQ4_NL,  N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
-template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq4_xs_f32")]]  kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl <N_R0_IQ4_XS,  N_SG_IQ4_XS,  N_SIMDWIDTH>>>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_impl<N_R0_Q8_0>>>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_0, N_R0_Q4_0>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_1_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q4_1, N_R0_Q4_1>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q5_0_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_0, N_R0_Q5_0>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q5_1_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<mul_vec_q_n_f32_impl<block_q5_1, N_R0_Q5_1>>>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_impl<N_R0_MXFP4>>>;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q2_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q2_K>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q3_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q3_K>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q4_K>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q5_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q5_K>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_q6_K_f32")]]    kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl   <N_R0_Q6_K>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq1_s_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ1_S>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq1_m_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ1_M>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq2_xxs_f32")]] kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ2_XXS>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq2_xs_f32")]]  kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32_impl <N_R0_IQ2_XS>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq3_xxs_f32")]] kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32_impl<N_R0_IQ3_XXS>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq3_s_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ3_S>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq2_s_f32")]]   kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32_impl  <N_R0_IQ2_S>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq4_nl_f32")]]  kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl <N_R0_IQ4_NL>>>;
+template [[host_name("kernel_mul_mv_id_iq4_xs_f32")]]  kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_t kernel_mul_mv_id<mmv_fn<kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl <N_R0_IQ4_XS>>>;
 
 kernel void kernel_pool_2d_max_f32(
+        constant    ggml_metal_kargs_pool_2d & args,
         device  const float * src0,
         device        float * dst,
-        constant    ggml_metal_kargs_pool_2d & args,
         uint        gid[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
 
-    if (gid >= args.parallel_elements) {
+    if (gid >= args.np) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -7083,12 +10004,12 @@ kernel void kernel_pool_2d_max_f32(
 }
 
 kernel void kernel_pool_2d_avg_f32(
+        constant    ggml_metal_kargs_pool_2d & args,
         device  const float * src0,
         device        float * dst,
-        constant    ggml_metal_kargs_pool_2d & args,
         uint        gid[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
 
-    if (gid >= args.parallel_elements) {
+    if (gid >= args.np) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -7122,3 +10043,191 @@ kernel void kernel_pool_2d_avg_f32(
 
     o_ptr[cur_oh * args.OW + cur_ow] = res;
 }
+
+
+kernel void kernel_pool_1d_max_f32(
+        constant        ggml_metal_kargs_pool_1d & args,
+        device  const   float * src,
+        device          float * dst,
+        uint            gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]
+) {
+
+    if (gid >= args.np) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int ow  = (int)gid % args.OW;
+    const int row = (int)gid / args.OW;
+
+    const int base = ow * args.s0 - args.p0;
+
+    float acc = -INFINITY;
+
+    const int src_off = row * args.IW;
+    const int dst_off = row * args.OW;
+
+    for (int ki = 0; ki < args.k0; ++ki) {
+        int j = base + ki;
+        if (j < 0 || j >= args.IW){
+            continue;
+        }
+        float v = src[src_off + j];
+        acc = max(acc, v);
+    }
+
+    dst[dst_off + ow] = acc;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_pool_1d_avg_f32(
+        constant        ggml_metal_kargs_pool_1d & args,
+        device  const   float * src,
+        device          float * dst,
+        uint            gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]
+) {
+
+    if (gid >= args.np) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int ow  = (int)gid % args.OW;
+    const int row = (int)gid / args.OW;
+
+    const int base = ow * args.s0 - args.p0;
+
+    float acc = 0.0f;
+    int   cnt = 0;
+
+    const int src_off = row * args.IW;
+    const int dst_off = row * args.OW;
+
+    for (int ki = 0; ki < args.k0; ++ki) {
+        const int j = base + ki;
+        if (j < 0 || j >= args.IW) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        acc += src[src_off + j];
+        cnt += 1;
+    }
+
+    dst[dst_off + ow] = (cnt > 0) ? (acc / (float)cnt) : 0.0f;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_opt_step_adamw_f32(
+        constant    ggml_metal_kargs_opt_step_adamw & args,
+        device       float * x,
+        device const float * g,
+        device       float * g_m,
+        device       float * g_v,
+        device const float * pars,
+        uint        gid[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
+
+    if (gid >= args.np) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float alpha  = pars[0];
+    const float beta1  = pars[1];
+    const float beta2  = pars[2];
+    const float eps    = pars[3];
+    const float wd     = pars[4];
+    const float beta1h = pars[5];
+    const float beta2h = pars[6];
+
+    const float gi = g[gid];
+    const float gmi = g_m[gid] * beta1 +      gi * (1.0f - beta1);
+    const float gvi = g_v[gid] * beta2 + gi * gi * (1.0f - beta2);
+
+    g_m[gid] = gmi;
+    g_v[gid] = gvi;
+
+    const float mh =      gmi * beta1h;
+    const float vh = sqrt(gvi * beta2h) + eps;
+
+    x[gid] = x[gid] * (1.0f - alpha * wd) - alpha * mh / vh;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_opt_step_sgd_f32(
+        constant    ggml_metal_kargs_opt_step_sgd & args,
+        device       float * x,
+        device const float * g,
+        device const float * pars,
+        uint        gid[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
+
+    if (gid >= args.np) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    x[gid] = x[gid] * (1.0f - pars[0] * pars[1]) - pars[0] * g[gid];
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+kernel void kernel_memset(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_memset & args,
+        device T * dst,
+        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
+    dst[tpig] = args.val;
+}
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_memset<int64_t>) kernel_memset_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_memset_i64")]] kernel kernel_memset_t kernel_memset<int64_t>;
+
+constant short FC_count_equal_nsg [[function_constant(FC_COUNT_EQUAL + 0)]];
+
+template<typename T>
+kernel void kernel_count_equal(
+        constant ggml_metal_kargs_count_equal & args,
+        device   const char * src0,
+        device   const char * src1,
+        device   atomic_int * dst,
+        threadgroup int32_t * shmem_i32 [[threadgroup(0)]],
+        uint3   tgpig[[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
+        ushort3 tpitg[[thread_position_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  sgitg[[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]],
+        ushort  tiisg[[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
+        ushort3   ntg[[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
+    const short NSG = FC_count_equal_nsg;
+
+    const int i3 = tgpig.z;
+    const int i2 = tgpig.y;
+    const int i1 = tgpig.x;
+
+    if (i3 >= args.ne03 || i2 >= args.ne02 || i1 >= args.ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int sum = 0;
+
+    device const char * base0 = src0 + i1*args.nb01 + i2*args.nb02 + i3*args.nb03;
+    device const char * base1 = src1 + i1*args.nb11 + i2*args.nb12 + i3*args.nb13;
+
+    for (int64_t i0 = tpitg.x; i0 < args.ne00; i0 += ntg.x) {
+        const T v0 = *(device const T *)(base0 + i0*args.nb00);
+        const T v1 = *(device const T *)(base1 + i0*args.nb10);
+        sum += (v0 == v1);
+    }
+
+    sum = simd_sum(sum);
+
+    if (tiisg == 0) {
+        shmem_i32[sgitg] = sum;
+    }
+
+    threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
+
+    if (sgitg == 0) {
+        float v = 0.0f;
+        if (tpitg.x < NSG) {
+            v = shmem_i32[tpitg.x];
+        }
+
+        float total = simd_sum(v);
+        if (tpitg.x == 0) {
+            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(dst, (int32_t) total, memory_order_relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+typedef decltype(kernel_count_equal<int32_t>) kernel_count_equal_t;
+
+template [[host_name("kernel_count_equal_i32")]] kernel kernel_count_equal_t kernel_count_equal<int32_t>;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-musa/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-musa/CMakeLists.txt
index 971314debc7..d76cb51977f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-musa/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-musa/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -30,12 +30,18 @@ if (MUSAToolkit_FOUND)
     list(APPEND GGML_HEADERS_MUSA "../ggml-musa/mudnn.cuh")
 
     file(GLOB   GGML_SOURCES_MUSA "../ggml-cuda/*.cu")
+    file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-tile*.cu")
+    list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_MUSA ${SRCS})
     file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-mma*.cu")
     list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_MUSA ${SRCS})
     file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/mmq*.cu")
     list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_MUSA ${SRCS})
-    file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-musa/*.cu")
-    list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_MUSA ${SRCS})
+
+    if (GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY)
+        file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-musa/*.cu")
+        list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_MUSA ${SRCS})
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY)
+    endif()
 
     if (GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS)
         file(GLOB   SRCS "../ggml-cuda/template-instances/fattn-vec*.cu")
@@ -52,7 +58,7 @@ if (MUSAToolkit_FOUND)
 
     set_source_files_properties(${GGML_SOURCES_MUSA} PROPERTIES LANGUAGE CXX)
     foreach(SOURCE ${GGML_SOURCES_MUSA})
-        set(COMPILE_FLAGS "-fsigned-char -x musa -mtgpu")
+        set(COMPILE_FLAGS "-Od3 -fno-strict-aliasing -ffast-math -fsigned-char -x musa -mtgpu -fmusa-flush-denormals-to-zero")
         foreach(ARCH ${MUSA_ARCHITECTURES})
             set(COMPILE_FLAGS "${COMPILE_FLAGS} --cuda-gpu-arch=mp_${ARCH}")
         endforeach()
@@ -72,6 +78,10 @@ if (MUSAToolkit_FOUND)
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_USE_MUSA)
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE=${GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE})
 
+    if (GGML_MUSA_GRAPHS)
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_MUSA_GRAPHS)
+    endif()
+
     if (GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ)
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ)
     endif()
@@ -88,19 +98,21 @@ if (MUSAToolkit_FOUND)
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_NO_FA)
     endif()
 
-    if (GGML_CUDA_F16 OR GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16)
-        add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_F16)
-    endif()
-
     if (GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_STATIC)
-        # TODO: mudnn has not provided static libraries yet
         target_link_libraries(ggml-musa PRIVATE MUSA::musart_static MUSA::mublas_static)
+        # TODO: mudnn has not provided static libraries yet
+        # if (GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY)
+        #     target_link_libraries(ggml-musa PRIVATE mudnn_static)
+        # endif()
     else()
-        target_link_libraries(ggml-musa PRIVATE MUSA::musart MUSA::mublas mudnn)
+        target_link_libraries(ggml-musa PRIVATE MUSA::musart MUSA::mublas)
+        if (GGML_MUSA_MUDNN_COPY)
+            target_link_libraries(ggml-musa PRIVATE mudnn)
+        endif()
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-musa/mudnn.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-musa/mudnn.cuh
index a63be5755c7..c30128561e8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-musa/mudnn.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-musa/mudnn.cuh
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "../include/ggml.h"
-#include "../ggml-cuda/common.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/common.cuh"
+#include "ggml.h"
 
 // Asynchronously copies data from src tensor to dst tensor using the provided context.
 // Returns a musaError_t indicating success or failure.
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/CMakeLists.txt
index 0e2a419649c..1f8250934b0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -55,19 +55,26 @@ endfunction()
 
 set(GGML_OPENCL_KERNELS
     add
+    add_id
     argsort
+    tri
+    fill
     clamp
     cpy
     cvt
     diag_mask_inf
+    diag
     div
     gelu
     gemv_noshuffle_general
     gemv_noshuffle
     get_rows
+    glu
     group_norm
+    solve_tri
     im2col_f32
     im2col_f16
+    mean
     mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4
     mul_mv_f16_f16
     mul_mv_f16_f32_1row
@@ -79,29 +86,70 @@ set(GGML_OPENCL_KERNELS
     mul_mv_q4_0_f32_8x_flat
     mul_mv_q4_0_f32_1d_8x_flat
     mul_mv_q4_0_f32_1d_16x_flat
-    mul_mv_q6_k
+    mul_mv_q4_1_f32
+    mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat
+    mul_mv_q4_k_f32
+    mul_mv_q6_k_f32
+    mul_mv_q6_k_f32_flat
+    mul_mv_q8_0_f32
+    mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat
+    mul_mv_mxfp4_f32
+    mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat
     mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat
+    mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32
+    mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat
+    mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32
+    mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat
+    gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32
+    gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32
+    mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm
+    mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm
+    mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm
+    mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm
+    mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm
+    mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm
+    mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4
+    gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32
+    gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32
+    gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32
     mul
+    neg
     norm
     relu
+    l2_norm
     rms_norm
     rope
     scale
+    set_rows
     sigmoid
     silu
     softmax_4_f32
     softmax_4_f16
     softmax_f32
     softmax_f16
+    sqr
+    sqrt
+    ssm_conv
     sub
     sum_rows
+    cumsum
     transpose
     concat
     tsembd
     upscale
     tanh
+    exp
+    expm1
+    softplus
     pad
     repeat
+    mul_mat_f16_f32
+    mul_mm_f16_f32_kq_kqv
+    conv2d
+    conv2d_f16_f32
+    flash_attn_f32_f16
+    flash_attn_f16
+    flash_attn_f32
 )
 
 foreach (K ${GGML_OPENCL_KERNELS})
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/ggml-opencl.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/ggml-opencl.cpp
index 628e574f0f7..e1dca6b4b4d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/ggml-opencl.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/ggml-opencl.cpp
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@
 
 #include <CL/cl.h>
 
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <atomic>
 #include <fstream>
-#include <limits>
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <charconv>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #undef MAX
 #define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define CEIL_DIV(M, N) (((M) + (N)-1) / (N))
 
 #define UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
 
@@ -52,6 +53,37 @@
 
 bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 
+// See https://gmplib.org/~tege/divcnst-pldi94.pdf figure 4.1.
+// Precompute mp (m' in the paper) and L such that division
+// can be computed using a multiply (high 32b of 64b result)
+// and a shift:
+//
+// n/d = (mulhi(n, mp) + n) >> L;
+struct fastdiv_vals {
+    uint32_t mp;
+    uint32_t L;
+    uint32_t d;
+    uint32_t pad;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(fastdiv_vals) == 16, "fastdiv_vals size incorrect");
+
+static fastdiv_vals init_fastdiv_values(uint64_t d_64) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_64 != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_64 <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+
+    uint32_t d = (uint32_t)d_64;
+
+    // compute L = ceil(log2(d));
+    uint32_t L = 0;
+    while (L < 32 && (uint32_t{ 1 } << L) < d) {
+        L++;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mp = (uint32_t) ((uint64_t{ 1 } << 32) * ((uint64_t{ 1 } << L) - d) / d + 1);
+    // pack divisor as well to reduce error surface
+    return { mp, L, d, 0 };
+}
+
 enum GPU_FAMILY {
     ADRENO,
     INTEL,
@@ -194,7 +226,8 @@ static ADRENO_GPU_GEN get_adreno_gpu_gen(const char *device_name) {
         return ADRENO_GPU_GEN::A7X;
     }
 
-    if (strstr(device_name, "830")) {
+    if (strstr(device_name, "830") ||
+        strstr(device_name, "840")) {
         return ADRENO_GPU_GEN::A8X;
     }
 
@@ -231,6 +264,97 @@ static ggml_cl_compiler_version get_adreno_cl_compiler_version(const char *drive
     return { type, major, minor, patch };
 }
 
+// cl buffer wrapper
+struct ggml_cl_buffer {
+    cl_mem buffer;
+    size_t size;
+
+    ggml_cl_buffer()
+        : buffer(nullptr), size(0) {}
+
+    ~ggml_cl_buffer() {
+        if (buffer) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buffer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void allocate(cl_context context, size_t new_size) {
+        if (new_size > size) {
+            size = new_size;
+            if (buffer) {
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buffer));
+            }
+            cl_int err;
+            CL_CHECK((buffer = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE, size, NULL, &err), err));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// Profiling
+struct ProfilingInfo {
+    std::string op_name;
+    std::string kernel_name;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+    cl_event evt;
+
+    cl_ulong cmd_queued;
+    cl_ulong cmd_submit;
+    cl_ulong cmd_start;
+    cl_ulong cmd_end;
+    cl_ulong overhead_start;
+    cl_ulong overhead_end;
+    // For the times below, see spec for clGetEventProfilingInfo
+    // The time kernel spent in cmd queue - SUBMIT - QUEUED
+    cl_ulong cmd_queued_duration_ns;
+    // The time kernel spent for submission - START - SUBMIT
+    cl_ulong cmd_submit_duration_ns;
+    // Kernel execution time in nanoseconds - END - START
+    cl_ulong cmd_duration_ns;
+    // The time for the kernel to complete - COMPLETE - END
+    cl_ulong cmd_complete_duration_ns;
+    // Total time to finish the kernel - COMPLETE - QUEUED
+    cl_ulong cmd_total_duration_ns;
+    // Global and local work sizes.
+    size_t global_size[3];
+    size_t local_size[3];
+    // Op output size.
+    size_t output_size[4];
+};
+
+static void populateProfilingInfo(
+        ProfilingInfo& info, cl_event evt, cl_kernel kernel, cl_uint work_dim,
+        size_t global_size[3], size_t local_size[3],
+        const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    info.op_name     = tensor->name;
+    info.kernel      = kernel;
+    info.evt         = evt;
+
+    // 0 means not specified, e.g., 2D workgroup, or NULL for driver to choose
+    info.local_size[0] = 0;
+    info.local_size[1] = 0;
+    info.local_size[2] = 0;
+
+    info.global_size[0] = 0;
+    info.global_size[1] = 0;
+    info.global_size[2] = 0;
+
+    if (local_size) {
+        for (cl_uint i = 0; i < work_dim; ++i) {
+            info.local_size[i] = local_size[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (cl_uint i = 0; i < work_dim; ++i) {
+        info.global_size[i] = global_size[i];
+    }
+
+    info.output_size[0] = tensor->ne[0];
+    info.output_size[1] = tensor->ne[1];
+    info.output_size[2] = tensor->ne[2];
+    info.output_size[3] = tensor->ne[3];
+}
+
 struct ggml_backend_opencl_context;
 
 // backend device context
@@ -254,6 +378,8 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_device_context {
 
 // backend context
 struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
+    int ref_count;
+
     cl_device_id device;
     std::string device_name;
 
@@ -264,26 +390,40 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
 
     cl_int alignment;
     size_t max_alloc_size;
+    size_t max_workgroup_size;
     bool fp16_support;
     bool has_vector_subgroup_broadcast;
+    bool disable_fusion;
     ggml_cl_compiler_version adreno_cl_compiler_version;
 
     int adreno_wave_size;
 
     cl_bool non_uniform_workgroups;
+    size_t  image_max_buffer_size;
 
     cl_context context;
     cl_command_queue queue;
 
+    // prealloc buffers for transposing weights and activations
+    ggml_cl_buffer prealloc_quant_trans;
+    ggml_cl_buffer prealloc_scales_trans;
+    ggml_cl_buffer prealloc_act_trans;
+
+    // prealloc buffers for src0 and src1
+    ggml_cl_buffer prealloc_src0;
+    ggml_cl_buffer prealloc_src1;
+
     cl_program program_add;
+    cl_program program_add_id;
     cl_program program_clamp;
-    cl_program program_cpy;
     cl_program program_cvt;
     cl_program program_diag_mask_inf;
     cl_program program_gelu;
     cl_program program_gemv_noshuffle_general;
     cl_program program_gemv_noshuffle;
     cl_program program_get_rows;
+    cl_program program_set_rows;
+    cl_program program_glu;
     cl_program program_im2col_f16;
     cl_program program_im2col_f32;
     cl_program program_mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4;
@@ -293,12 +433,18 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
     cl_program program_mul_mv_q4_0_f32_1d_8x_flat;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_q4_0_f32_1d_16x_flat;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_q6_K;
+    cl_program program_mul_mv_q8_0_f32, program_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat;
+    cl_program program_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32;
+    cl_program program_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_f16_f16;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_f16_f32_1row;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_f16_f32_l4;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_f16_f32;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_f32_f32;
     cl_program program_mul;
+    cl_program program_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled;
+    cl_program program_mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv;
+    cl_program program_mul_mm_f16_f32_kq;
     cl_program program_div;
     cl_program program_sub;
     cl_program program_norm;
@@ -306,7 +452,6 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
     cl_program program_rms_norm;
     cl_program program_group_norm;
     cl_program program_rope;
-    cl_program program_scale;
     cl_program program_silu;
     cl_program program_sigmoid;
     cl_program program_softmax_f32;
@@ -315,59 +460,229 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
     cl_program program_softmax_4_f16;
     cl_program program_argsort_f32_i32;
     cl_program program_sum_rows_f32;
-    cl_program program_repeat;
     cl_program program_pad;
-    cl_program program_tanh;
     cl_program program_upscale;
-    cl_program program_concat;
+    cl_program program_conv_2d_f16;
+    cl_program program_conv_2d_f32;
+    cl_program program_conv_2d_f16_f32;
     cl_program program_tsembd;
+    cl_program program_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32, program_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32;
     cl_program program_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
-
-    cl_kernel kernel_add, kernel_add_row;
-    cl_kernel kernel_mul, kernel_mul_row;
-    cl_kernel kernel_div, kernel_div_row;
-    cl_kernel kernel_sub, kernel_sub_row;
-    cl_kernel kernel_scale;
+    cl_program program_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32, program_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat;
+    cl_program program_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32;
+    cl_program program_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat;
+    cl_program program_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm;
+    cl_program program_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm;
+    cl_program program_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel_add, kernel_add_row, kernel_add_f16, kernel_add_row_f16;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul, kernel_mul_row, kernel_mul_f16, kernel_mul_row_f16;
+    cl_kernel kernel_div, kernel_div_row, kernel_div_f16, kernel_div_row_f16;
+    cl_kernel kernel_sub, kernel_sub_row, kernel_sub_f16, kernel_sub_row_f16;
+    cl_kernel kernel_add_id;
+    cl_kernel kernel_scale_f32, kernel_scale_f32_4;
+    cl_kernel kernel_sqr_cont_f32, kernel_sqr_cont_f32_4, kernel_sqr_cont_f16, kernel_sqr_cont_f16_4;
+    cl_kernel kernel_sqrt_cont_f32, kernel_sqrt_cont_f32_4, kernel_sqrt_cont_f16, kernel_sqrt_cont_f16_4;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mean_f32, kernel_mean_f32_4;
     cl_kernel kernel_silu, kernel_silu_4;
     cl_kernel kernel_gelu, kernel_gelu_4;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gelu_erf, kernel_gelu_erf_4;
     cl_kernel kernel_gelu_quick, kernel_gelu_quick_4;
     cl_kernel kernel_relu;
     cl_kernel kernel_sigmoid_f32, kernel_sigmoid_f16;
+    cl_kernel kernel_tri;
+    cl_kernel kernel_fill;
     cl_kernel kernel_clamp;
-    cl_kernel kernel_norm;
-    cl_kernel kernel_rms_norm;
-    cl_kernel kernel_group_norm;
+    cl_kernel kernel_geglu, kernel_reglu, kernel_swiglu, kernel_swiglu_oai, kernel_geglu_erf, kernel_geglu_quick,
+              kernel_geglu_f16, kernel_reglu_f16, kernel_swiglu_f16, kernel_geglu_erf_f16, kernel_geglu_quick_f16;
+    cl_kernel kernel_norm, kernel_norm_mul_add;
+    cl_kernel kernel_rms_norm, kernel_rms_norm_mul;
+    cl_kernel kernel_l2_norm_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_group_norm, kernel_group_norm_mul_add;
     cl_kernel kernel_diag_mask_inf, kernel_diag_mask_inf_8;
+    cl_kernel kernel_diag_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_soft_max, kernel_soft_max_4;
     cl_kernel kernel_soft_max_f16, kernel_soft_max_4_f16;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, cl_kernel> kernels_flash_attn_f16;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, cl_kernel> kernels_flash_attn_f16_q1;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, cl_kernel> kernels_flash_attn_f32;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, cl_kernel> kernels_flash_attn_f32_q1;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, cl_kernel> kernels_flash_attn_f32_f16;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, cl_kernel> kernels_flash_attn_f32_f16_q1;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, int>       kernels_flash_attn_bm;
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, int>       kernels_flash_attn_bn;
     cl_kernel kernel_get_rows_f32, kernel_get_rows_f16, kernel_get_rows_q4_0;
+    cl_kernel kernel_set_rows_f32_i64, kernel_set_rows_f32_i32, kernel_set_rows_f16_i64, kernel_set_rows_f16_i32;
     cl_kernel kernel_rope_norm_f32, kernel_rope_norm_f16, kernel_rope_neox_f32, kernel_rope_neox_f16;
     cl_kernel kernel_rope_multi_f32, kernel_rope_multi_f16, kernel_rope_vision_f32, kernel_rope_vision_f16;
-    cl_kernel kernel_cpy_f16_f16, kernel_cpy_f16_f32, kernel_cpy_f32_f16, kernel_cpy_f32_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_cpy_f16_f16, kernel_cpy_f16_f32, kernel_cpy_f32_f16, kernel_cpy_f32_f32, kernel_cpy_i32_i32;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_f32_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_f16_f16;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_1row;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_l4;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_kq;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32, kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_v;
     cl_kernel kernel_convert_block_q4_0, kernel_restore_block_q4_0;
+    cl_kernel kernel_convert_block_q4_1, kernel_restore_block_q4_1;
+    cl_kernel kernel_convert_block_mxfp4, kernel_convert_block_mxfp4_trans, kernel_restore_block_mxfp4, kernel_restore_block_mxfp4_trans;
+    cl_kernel kernel_convert_block_q8_0, kernel_restore_block_q8_0, kernel_restore_block_q8_0_trans;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
     cl_kernel kernel_convert_block_q4_0_noshuffle;
+    cl_kernel kernel_restore_block_q4_0_noshuffle;
+    cl_kernel kernel_convert_block_q4_1_noshuffle;
+    cl_kernel kernel_restore_block_q4_1_noshuffle;
+    cl_kernel kernel_convert_block_q6_K, kernel_restore_block_q6_K;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_1d_8x_flat, kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_1d_16x_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32, kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32, kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_solve_tri_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_im2col_f32, kernel_im2col_f16;
     cl_kernel kernel_argsort_f32_i32;
-    cl_kernel kernel_sum_rows_f32;
-    cl_kernel kernel_repeat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_sum_rows_f32, kernel_sum_rows_f32_4;
+    cl_kernel kernel_cumsum_blk, kernel_cumsum_add;
+    cl_kernel kernel_repeat_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_pad;
-    cl_kernel kernel_tanh_f32_nd;
-    cl_kernel kernel_tanh_f16_nd;
+    cl_kernel kernel_tanh_f32, kernel_tanh_f32_4, kernel_tanh_f32_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_tanh_f16, kernel_tanh_f16_4, kernel_tanh_f16_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_neg_f32, kernel_neg_f32_4, kernel_neg_f32_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_neg_f16, kernel_neg_f16_4, kernel_neg_f16_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_exp_f32, kernel_exp_f32_4, kernel_exp_f32_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_exp_f16, kernel_exp_f16_4, kernel_exp_f16_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_expm1_f32, kernel_expm1_f32_4, kernel_expm1_f32_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_expm1_f16, kernel_expm1_f16_4, kernel_expm1_f16_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_softplus_f32, kernel_softplus_f32_4, kernel_softplus_f32_nc;
+    cl_kernel kernel_softplus_f16, kernel_softplus_f16_4, kernel_softplus_f16_nc;
     cl_kernel kernel_upscale;
     cl_kernel kernel_upscale_bilinear;
-    cl_kernel kernel_concat_f32_contiguous;
-    cl_kernel kernel_concat_f32_non_contiguous;
+    cl_kernel kernel_concat_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_conv_2d_f16;
+    cl_kernel kernel_conv_2d_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_conv_2d_f16_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32, kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_4;
     cl_kernel kernel_timestep_embedding;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32, kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32;
     cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32, kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm;
+
+    std::vector<ProfilingInfo> profiling_info;
+
+    void write_profiling_info() {
+        FILE * fperf = fopen("cl_profiling.csv", "w");
+        if (!fperf) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to open cl_profiling.csv\n");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Populate profiling info
+        for (ProfilingInfo & info : profiling_info) {
+            cl_ulong cmd_queued;
+            cl_ulong cmd_submit;
+            cl_ulong cmd_start;
+            cl_ulong cmd_end;
+            cl_ulong cmd_complete;
+
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &info.evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
+                info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_QUEUED, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_queued, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
+                info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_SUBMIT, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_submit, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
+                info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_START, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_start, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
+                info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_END, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_end, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
+                info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_COMPLETE, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_complete, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseEvent(info.evt));
+
+            char kernel_name[512];
+            CL_CHECK(clGetKernelInfo(info.kernel, CL_KERNEL_FUNCTION_NAME,
+                sizeof(kernel_name), kernel_name, NULL));
+            info.kernel_name = kernel_name;
+
+            info.cmd_queued = cmd_queued;
+            info.cmd_submit = cmd_submit;
+            info.cmd_start  = cmd_start;
+            info.cmd_end    = cmd_end;
+
+            info.cmd_queued_duration_ns     = cmd_submit    - cmd_queued;
+            info.cmd_submit_duration_ns     = cmd_start     - cmd_submit;
+            info.cmd_duration_ns            = cmd_end       - cmd_start;
+            info.cmd_complete_duration_ns   = cmd_complete  - cmd_end;
+            info.cmd_total_duration_ns      = cmd_complete  - cmd_queued;
+        }
+
+        // Dump a csv
+        fprintf(fperf, "op name, kernel name, exec duration (ms), global size, local size, output size\n");
+        for (const ProfilingInfo & info : profiling_info) {
+            fprintf(fperf, "%s,%s,%f,%zux%zux%zu,%zux%zux%zu,%zux%zux%zux%zu\n",
+                info.op_name.c_str(), info.kernel_name.c_str(),
+                info.cmd_duration_ns/1.e6f,
+                info.global_size[0], info.global_size[1], info.global_size[2],
+                info.local_size[0], info.local_size[1], info.local_size[2],
+                info.output_size[0], info.output_size[1], info.output_size[2], info.output_size[3]);
+        }
+        fclose(fperf);
+
+        // Dump a simple chrome trace
+        FILE* ftrace = fopen("cl_trace.json", "w");
+        if (!ftrace) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to open cl_trace.json\n");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        fprintf(ftrace, "[\n");
+        for (const ProfilingInfo & info : profiling_info) {
+            fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"B\", \"ts\": %" PRIu64 ", \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Host\"},\n",
+                info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_queued/1000);
+            fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"E\", \"ts\": %" PRIu64 ", \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Host\"},\n",
+                info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_submit/1000);
+
+            fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"B\", \"ts\": %" PRIu64 ", \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Device\"},\n",
+                info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_start/1000);
+            fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"E\", \"ts\": %" PRIu64 ", \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Device\"},\n",
+                info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_end/1000);
+        }
+        fclose(ftrace);
+    }
+
+    size_t get_kernel_workgroup_size(cl_kernel kernel) const {
+        size_t workgroup_size = 0;
+        size_t ret_size = 0;
+        CL_CHECK(
+            clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo(kernel, device, CL_KERNEL_WORK_GROUP_SIZE,
+                sizeof(size_t), &workgroup_size, &ret_size));
+        GGML_ASSERT(sizeof(size_t) == ret_size);
+        return workgroup_size;
+    }
+
+    void enqueue_ndrange_kernel(cl_kernel kernel, cl_uint work_dim, size_t *global_work_size, size_t *local_work_size, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, work_dim, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+
+        profiling_info.emplace_back();
+        populateProfilingInfo(profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, work_dim, global_work_size, local_work_size, tensor);
+#else
+        GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, work_dim, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
+#endif
+    }
 
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
     // Transpose kernels
@@ -376,10 +691,10 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
     cl_kernel kernel_transpose_32;
     cl_kernel kernel_transpose_32_16;
     cl_kernel kernel_transpose_16;
-
-    cl_mem A_s_d_max;            // max scale buffer size for transpose
-    cl_mem A_q_d_max;            // max weight buffer size for transpose
-    cl_mem B_d_max;              // max activation buffer size for transpose
+    cl_kernel kernel_transpose_8_buf;
+    cl_kernel kernel_transpose_16_buf;
+    cl_kernel kernel_transpose_32_buf;
+    cl_kernel kernel_transpose_16_4x1;
 
     // Gemm and Gemv related programs, kernels, etc
     cl_program program_CL_gemm;
@@ -394,47 +709,25 @@ struct ggml_backend_opencl_context {
     cl_kernel CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_4096_1_4096;
     cl_kernel CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_11008_1_4096;
     cl_kernel CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_32000_1_4096;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4;
+    cl_kernel CL_mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f32;
 #endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-};
-
-// All registered devices with a default device in the front.
-static std::vector<ggml_backend_device> g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices;
 
-// Profiling
+    void free() {
+        ref_count--;
+        if (ref_count == 0) {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-struct ProfilingInfo {
-    std::string op_name;
-    std::string kernel_name;
-
-    cl_kernel kernel;
-    cl_event evt;
-
-    cl_ulong cmd_queued;
-    cl_ulong cmd_submit;
-    cl_ulong cmd_start;
-    cl_ulong cmd_end;
-    cl_ulong overhead_start;
-    cl_ulong overhead_end;
-    // For the times below, see spec for clGetEventProfilingInfo
-    // The time kernel spent in cmd queue - SUBMIT - QUEUED
-    cl_ulong cmd_queued_duration_ns;
-    // The time kernel spent for submission - START - SUBMIT
-    cl_ulong cmd_submit_duration_ns;
-    // Kernel execution time in nanoseconds - END - START
-    cl_ulong cmd_duration_ns;
-    // The time for the kernel to complete - COMPLETE - END
-    cl_ulong cmd_complete_duration_ns;
-    // Total time to finish the kernel - COMPELTE - QUEUED
-    cl_ulong cmd_total_duration_ns;
-    // Global and local work sizes.
-    size_t global_size[3];
-    size_t local_size[3];
-    // Op output size.
-    size_t output_size[4];
+            write_profiling_info();
+            profiling_info.clear();
+#endif
+        }
+    }
 };
 
-std::vector<ProfilingInfo> g_profiling_info;
-#endif
+// All registered devices with a default device in the front.
+static std::vector<ggml_backend_device> g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices;
 
 inline std::string read_file(const std::string &path) {
   std::ifstream ifs(path);
@@ -502,9 +795,63 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, ggml_cl_ve
         backend_ctx->program_add =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_add     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_add, "kernel_add", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_add_row = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_add, "kernel_add_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_add         = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_add, "kernel_add", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_add_row     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_add, "kernel_add_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_add_f16     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_add, "kernel_add_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_add_row_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_add, "kernel_add_row_f16", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // add_id
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "add_id.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("add_id.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_add_id =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_add_id = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_add_id, "kernel_add_id", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // tri
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "tri.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("tri.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tri = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_tri_f32", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+    }
+
+    // fill
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "fill.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("fill.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_fill = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_fill_f32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
     }
 
     // clamp
@@ -532,13 +879,14 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, ggml_cl_ve
 #else
         const std::string kernel_src = read_file("cpy.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_cpy =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f16_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cpy, "kernel_cpy_f16_f16", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f16_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cpy, "kernel_cpy_f16_f32", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f32_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cpy, "kernel_cpy_f32_f16", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f32_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cpy, "kernel_cpy_f32_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f16_f16 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_cpy_f16_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f16_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_cpy_f16_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f32_f16 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_cpy_f32_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f32_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_cpy_f32_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_i32_i32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_cpy_i32_i32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
@@ -555,8 +903,22 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, ggml_cl_ve
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
         CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0_noshuffle = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_q4_0_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_0_noshuffle = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_q4_0_noshuffle", &err), err));
         CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_q4_0", &err), err));
         CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_0  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_q4_0", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_1_noshuffle = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_q4_1_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_1_noshuffle = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_q4_1_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_1  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_q4_1", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_1  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_q4_1", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_mxfp4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_mxfp4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_mxfp4_trans = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_mxfp4_trans", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_mxfp4_trans = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_mxfp4_trans", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_mxfp4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_mxfp4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q8_0  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_q8_0", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q8_0  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_q8_0", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q8_0_trans  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_q8_0_trans", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q6_K  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_convert_block_q6_K", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q6_K  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_cvt, "kernel_restore_block_q6_K", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
@@ -577,6 +939,23 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, ggml_cl_ve
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
+    // diag
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "diag.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("diag.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_diag_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_diag_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
     // gelu
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
@@ -591,11 +970,39 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, ggml_cl_ve
 
         CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gelu         = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gelu, "kernel_gelu", &err), err));
         CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_4       = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gelu, "kernel_gelu_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_erf     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gelu, "kernel_gelu_erf", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_erf_4   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gelu, "kernel_gelu_erf_4", &err), err));
         CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_quick   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gelu, "kernel_gelu_quick", &err), err));
         CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_quick_4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gelu, "kernel_gelu_quick_4", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
+    // glu
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "glu.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("glu.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_glu =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_geglu           = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_geglu", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_reglu           = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_reglu", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_swiglu          = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_swiglu", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_swiglu_oai      = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_swiglu_oai", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_erf       = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_geglu_erf", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_quick     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_geglu_quick", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_f16       = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_geglu_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_reglu_f16       = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_reglu_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_swiglu_f16      = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_swiglu_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_erf_f16   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_geglu_erf_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_quick_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_glu, "kernel_geglu_quick_f16", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
     // get_rows
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
@@ -614,6 +1021,23 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, ggml_cl_ve
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
+    // solve_tri_f32
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "solve_tri.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("solve_tri.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_solve_tri_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_solve_tri_f32", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+    }
+
     // im2col_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
@@ -734,2835 +1158,6163 @@ static void load_cl_kernels(ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, ggml_cl_ve
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mv_q6_k
+    // mul_mv_q4_1_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul_mv_q6_k.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_q4_1_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q6_k.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q4_1_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q6_K =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q6_K, "kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mv_f16_f16
+    // mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul_mv_f16_f16.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f16.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f16 =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f16, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mv_f16_f32_1row
+    // mul_mv_q4_k_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul_mv_f16_f32_1row.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_q4_k_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f32_1row.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q4_k_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_1row =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_1row = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_1row, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_1row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mv_f16_f32_l4
+    // mul_mv_q6_k_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul_mv_f16_f32_l4.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_q6_k_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f32_l4.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q6_k_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_l4 =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q6_K =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_l4   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_l4, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_l4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q6_K, "kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mv_f16_f32
+    // mul_mv_q6_k_f32_flat
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul_mv_f16_f32.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_q6_k_f32_flat.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f32.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q6_k_f32_flat.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32 =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_flat = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_flat", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mv_f32_f32
+    // mul_mv_q8_0_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul_mv_f32_f32.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_q8_0_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f32_f32.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q8_0_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f32_f32 =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q8_0_f32 =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f32_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f32_f32, "kernel_mul_mat_f32_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q8_0_f32, "kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul
+    // mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul, "kernel_mul", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_row = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul, "kernel_mul_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat, "kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // norm
+    // mul_mv_mxfp4_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "norm.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_mxfp4_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("norm.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_mxfp4_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_norm =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32 =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_norm = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_norm, "kernel_norm", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32, "kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // relu
+    // mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "relu.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("relu.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_relu =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_relu = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_relu, "kernel_relu", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat, "kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // rms_norm
+    // mul_mv_f16_f16
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "rms_norm.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_f16_f16.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("rms_norm.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f16.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_rms_norm =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f16 =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rms_norm = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rms_norm, "kernel_rms_norm", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f16, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f16", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // rope
+    // mul_mv_f16_f32_1row
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "rope.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_f16_f32_1row.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("rope.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f32_1row.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_rope =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_1row =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_norm_f32   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_norm_f32", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_norm_f16   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_norm_f16", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_neox_f32   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_neox_f32", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_neox_f16   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_neox_f16", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_multi_f32  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_multi_f32", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_multi_f16  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_multi_f16", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_vision_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_vision_f32", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_vision_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_vision_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_1row = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_1row, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_1row", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // scale
+    // mul_mv_f16_f32_l4
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "scale.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_f16_f32_l4.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("scale.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f32_l4.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_scale =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_l4 =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_scale = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_scale, "kernel_scale", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_l4   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32_l4, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_l4", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // silu
+    // mul_mv_f16_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "silu.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_f16_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("silu.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f16_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_silu =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32 =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_silu   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_silu, "kernel_silu", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_silu_4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_silu, "kernel_silu_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f16_f32, "kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // softmax_f32
+    // mul_mv_f32_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "softmax_f32.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mv_f32_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_f32.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_f32_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_softmax_f32 =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f32_f32 =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_f32, "kernel_soft_max", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f32_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_f32_f32, "kernel_mul_mat_f32_f32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // softmax_f16
+    // mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "softmax_f16.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mat_f16_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_f16.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mat_f16_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_softmax_f16 =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_f16, "kernel_soft_max_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled, "mul_mat_f16_f32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // softmax_4_f32
+    // mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "softmax_4_f32.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_4_f32.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f32 =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max_4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f32, "kernel_soft_max_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm, "kernel_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // softmax_4_f16
+    // mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "softmax_4_f16.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_4_f16.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f16 =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max_4_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f16, "kernel_soft_max_4_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm, "kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // argsort
+    // mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "argsort.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("argsort.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_argsort_f32_i32 =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_argsort_f32_i32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_argsort_f32_i32, "kernel_argsort_f32_i32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // div
+    // mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "div.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("div.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_div =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_div     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_div, "kernel_div", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_div_row = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_div, "kernel_div_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // sub
+    // mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "sub.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sub.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_sub =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sub     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sub, "kernel_sub", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sub_row = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sub, "kernel_sub_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm, "kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // sum_rows
+    // mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "sum_rows.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sum_rows.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_sum_rows_f32 =
+        cl_program prog =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sum_rows_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sum_rows_f32, "kernel_sum_rows_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // sigmoid
+    // mul_mm_f16_f32_kq_kqv
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "sigmoid.cl.h"
+            #include "mul_mm_f16_f32_kq_kqv.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sigmoid.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mm_f16_f32_kq_kqv.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_sigmoid =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts+" -DKQV ");
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f16_f32_kq =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sigmoid, "kernel_sigmoid_f32", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sigmoid, "kernel_sigmoid_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv, "mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_kq = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mm_f16_f32_kq, "mul_mm_f16_f32_kq", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // group_norm
+    // mul
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "group_norm.cl.h"
+            #include "mul.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("group_norm.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_group_norm =
+        backend_ctx->program_mul =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_group_norm = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_group_norm, "kernel_group_norm", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul         = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul, "kernel_mul", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_row     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul, "kernel_mul_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_f16     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul, "kernel_mul_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_row_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul, "kernel_mul_row_f16", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // repeat
+    // norm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "repeat.cl.h"
+            #include "norm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("repeat.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("norm.cl");
 #endif
-        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
-            backend_ctx->program_repeat =
-                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_repeat = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_repeat, "kernel_repeat", &err), err));
-            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
-        } else {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: repeat kernel source not found or empty. Repeat operations will not be available.\n");
-            backend_ctx->program_repeat = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_repeat = nullptr;
-        }
+        backend_ctx->program_norm =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_norm         = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_norm, "kernel_norm", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_norm_mul_add = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_norm, "kernel_norm_mul_add", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // pad
+    // relu
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "pad.cl.h"
+            #include "relu.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("pad.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("relu.cl");
 #endif
-        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
-            backend_ctx->program_pad =
-                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_pad = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_pad, "kernel_pad", &err), err));
-            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
-        } else {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: pad kernel source not found or empty. Pad operations will not be available.\n");
-            backend_ctx->program_pad = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_pad = nullptr;
-        }
+        backend_ctx->program_relu =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_relu = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_relu, "kernel_relu", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // tanh
+    // rms_norm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "tanh.cl.h"
+            #include "rms_norm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("tanh.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("rms_norm.cl");
 #endif
-        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
-            backend_ctx->program_tanh =
-                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32_nd = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_tanh, "kernel_tanh_f32_nd", &err), err));
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16_nd = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_tanh, "kernel_tanh_f16_nd", &err), err));
-            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
-        } else {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: tanh kernel source not found or empty. Tanh operation will not be available.\n");
-            backend_ctx->program_tanh = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32_nd = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16_nd = nullptr;
-        }
+        backend_ctx->program_rms_norm =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rms_norm     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rms_norm, "kernel_rms_norm", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rms_norm_mul = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rms_norm, "kernel_rms_norm_mul", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // upscale
+    // l2_norm
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "upscale.cl.h"
+            #include "l2_norm.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("upscale.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("l2_norm.cl");
 #endif
-        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
-            backend_ctx->program_upscale =
-                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_upscale = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_upscale, "kernel_upscale", &err), err));
-            if (backend_ctx->program_upscale) {
-                 cl_int err_bilinear;
-                 backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_upscale, "kernel_upscale_bilinear", &err_bilinear);
-                 if (err_bilinear != CL_SUCCESS) {
-                    GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: kernel_upscale_bilinear not found in upscale.cl. Bilinear upscale will not be available. Error: %d\n", err_bilinear);
-                    backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = nullptr;
-                 }
-            } else {
-                backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = nullptr;
-            }
-            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
-        } else {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: upscale kernel source not found or empty. Upscale operations will not be available.\n");
-            backend_ctx->program_upscale = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_upscale = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = nullptr;
-        }
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_l2_norm_f32     = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_l2_norm_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // concat
+    // rope
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "concat.cl.h"
+            #include "rope.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("concat.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("rope.cl");
 #endif
-        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
-            backend_ctx->program_concat =
-                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        backend_ctx->program_rope =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_contiguous = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_concat, "kernel_concat_f32_contiguous", &err), err));
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_non_contiguous = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_concat, "kernel_concat_f32_non_contiguous", &err), err));
-            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
-        } else {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: concat kernel source not found or empty. Concat operations will not be available.\n");
-            backend_ctx->program_concat = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_contiguous = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_non_contiguous = nullptr;
-        }
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_norm_f32   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_norm_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_norm_f16   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_norm_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_neox_f32   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_neox_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_neox_f16   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_neox_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_multi_f32  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_multi_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_multi_f16  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_multi_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_vision_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_vision_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_rope_vision_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_rope, "kernel_rope_vision_f16", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // timestep_embedding
+    // scale
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "tsembd.cl.h"
+            #include "scale.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("tsembd.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("scale.cl");
 #endif
-        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
-            backend_ctx->program_tsembd =
-                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
-            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_tsembd, "kernel_timestep_embedding", &err), err));
-            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
-        } else {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: timestep_embedding kernel source not found or empty. This op will not be available.\n");
-            backend_ctx->program_tsembd = nullptr;
-            backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding = nullptr;
-        }
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_scale_f32   = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_scale_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_scale_f32_4 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_scale_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat
+    // silu
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat.cl.h"
+            #include "silu.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("silu.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat =
+        backend_ctx->program_silu =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat, "kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_silu   = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_silu, "kernel_silu", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_silu_4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_silu, "kernel_silu_4", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // Adreno kernels
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-    // transpose
+    // softmax_f32
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
         const std::string kernel_src {
-            #include "transpose.cl.h"
+            #include "softmax_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("transpose.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_f32.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_transpose =
+        backend_ctx->program_softmax_f32 =
             build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32_16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_32_16", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32    = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_32", &err), err));
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16    = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_f32, "kernel_soft_max", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // gemv_noshuffle_general
+    // softmax_f16
     {
-        std::string CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
-                                       " -cl-mad-enable "
-                                       " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
-                                       std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
-        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
-            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
-        }
-
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
-        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv_general {
-            #include "gemv_noshuffle_general.cl.h"
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "softmax_f16.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv_general = read_file("gemv_noshuffle_general.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_f16.cl");
 #endif
+        backend_ctx->program_softmax_f16 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_general = build_program_from_source(
-            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv_general.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
-
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_general = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_general, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_f16, "kernel_soft_max_f16", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // gemv_noshuffle
+    // softmax_4_f32
     {
-        // Gemv 2048, 16384
-        std::string CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
-            " -cl-mad-enable "
-            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=2048 "
-            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=16384 "
-            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
-            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
-        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
-            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
-        }
-
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
-        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv {
-            #include "gemv_noshuffle.cl.h"
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "softmax_4_f32.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv = read_file("gemv_noshuffle.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_4_f32.cl");
 #endif
+        backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f32 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_4096 = build_program_from_source(
-            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_4096_1_4096 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_4096, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
-        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
-
-        // Gemv 2048, 16384
-        CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
-            " -cl-mad-enable "
-            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=2048 "
-            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=16384 "
-            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
-            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
-        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
-            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
-        }
-
-        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_11008 = build_program_from_source(
-            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_4096_1_11008 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_11008, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max_4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f32, "kernel_soft_max_4", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-        // Gemv 5504, 44032
-        CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
-            " -cl-mad-enable "
-            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=5504 "
-            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=44032 "
-            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
-            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
-        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
-            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
-        }
+    // softmax_4_f16
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "softmax_4_f16.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softmax_4_f16.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f16 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_11008_1_4096 = build_program_from_source(
-            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_11008_1_4096 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_11008_1_4096, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_soft_max_4_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_softmax_4_f16, "kernel_soft_max_4_f16", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-        // Gemv 16000, 128000
-        CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
-            " -cl-mad-enable "
-            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=16000 "
-            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=128000 "
-            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
-            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
+    // flash_attn
+    {
+        #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+                const std::string kernel_src_f16 {
+                    #include "flash_attn_f16.cl.h"
+                };
+                const std::string kernel_src_f32 {
+                    #include "flash_attn_f32.cl.h"
+                };
+                const std::string kernel_src_f32_f16 {
+                    #include "flash_attn_f32_f16.cl.h"
+                };
+        #else
+                const std::string kernel_src_f16 = read_file("flash_attn_f16.cl");
+                const std::string kernel_src_f32 = read_file("flash_attn_f32.cl");
+                const std::string kernel_src_f32_f16 = read_file("flash_attn_f32_f16.cl");
+        #endif
+
+        if (!kernel_src_f16.empty() && !kernel_src_f32.empty() && !kernel_src_f32_f16.empty()) {
+            const struct { int dk; int dv; int bm; int bn; } fa_dims[] = {
+                { 40,  40, 32, 32}, { 64,  64, 64, 64}, { 80,  80, 64, 32}, { 96,  96, 64, 32},
+                {112, 112, 32, 32}, {128, 128, 32, 32}, {192, 128, 16, 16},
+                {192, 192, 16, 16}, {256, 256, 16, 16},
+            };
 
-        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
-            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(fa_dims)/sizeof(fa_dims[0]); ++i) {
+                const int dk = fa_dims[i].dk;
+                const int dv = fa_dims[i].dv;
+                const int bm = fa_dims[i].bm;
+                const int bn = fa_dims[i].bn;
+                std::string OPTS = compile_opts +
+                    " -D DK=" + std::to_string(dk) +
+                    " -D DV=" + std::to_string(dv) +
+                    " -D BLOCK_M=" + std::to_string(bm) +
+                    " -D BLOCK_N=" + std::to_string(bn);
+
+                cl_program prog_f16 = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_f16.c_str(), OPTS);
+                cl_kernel k_f16, k_f16_q1;
+                CL_CHECK((k_f16 = clCreateKernel(prog_f16, "flash_attn_f16", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK((k_f16_q1 = clCreateKernel(prog_f16, "flash_attn_f16_q1", &err), err));
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f16[{dk, dv}] = k_f16;
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f16_q1[{dk, dv}] = k_f16_q1;
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog_f16));
+
+                cl_program prog_f32 = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_f32.c_str(), OPTS);
+                cl_kernel k_f32, k_f32_q1;
+                CL_CHECK((k_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog_f32, "flash_attn_f32", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK((k_f32_q1 = clCreateKernel(prog_f32, "flash_attn_f32_q1", &err), err));
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32[{dk, dv}] = k_f32;
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32_q1[{dk, dv}] = k_f32_q1;
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog_f32));
+
+                cl_program prog_f32_f16 = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_f32_f16.c_str(), OPTS);
+                cl_kernel k_f32_f16, k_f32_f16_q1;
+                CL_CHECK((k_f32_f16 = clCreateKernel(prog_f32_f16, "flash_attn_f32_f16", &err), err));
+                CL_CHECK((k_f32_f16_q1 = clCreateKernel(prog_f32_f16, "flash_attn_f32_f16_q1", &err), err));
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32_f16[{dk, dv}] = k_f32_f16;
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32_f16_q1[{dk, dv}] = k_f32_f16_q1;
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog_f32_f16));
+
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_bm[{dk, dv}] = bm;
+                backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_bn[{dk, dv}] = bn;
+            }
+            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
         }
+    }
 
-        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_32000_1_4096 = build_program_from_source(
-            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_32000_1_4096 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_32000_1_4096, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+    // argsort
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "argsort.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("argsort.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_argsort_f32_i32 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_argsort_f32_i32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_argsort_f32_i32, "kernel_argsort_f32_i32", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    // mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4
+    // div
     {
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
-        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemm {
-            #include "mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4.cl.h"
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "div.cl.h"
         };
 #else
-        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemm = read_file("mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4.cl");
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("div.cl");
 #endif
-        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemm = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemm.c_str(), compile_opts);
-        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemm, "kernel_mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4", &err), err));
+        std::string compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+                               " -cl-mad-enable -cl-finite-math-only ";
+
+        backend_ctx->program_div =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_div         = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_div, "kernel_div", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_div_row     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_div, "kernel_div_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_div_f16     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_div, "kernel_div_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_div_row_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_div, "kernel_div_row_f16", &err), err));
         GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-    GGML_LOG_CONT("\n");
-}
-
-// XXX static ggml_backend_opencl_context * ggml_cl2_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-// XXX    static bool initialized = false;
-// XXX    static ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = nullptr;
 
-static ggml_backend_opencl_context * ggml_cl2_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev);
+    // sqr
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "sqr.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sqr.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-namespace /* anonymous */ {
-extern struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_opencl_device_i;
-}
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f32     = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqr_cont_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f32_4   = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqr_cont_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f16     = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqr_cont_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f16_4   = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqr_cont_f16_4", &err), err));
 
-// Look for available and suitable devices.
-static std::vector<ggml_backend_device> ggml_opencl_probe_devices(ggml_backend_reg * reg) {
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_device> found_devices;
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: OpenCL profiling enabled\n");
+    // sqrt
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "sqrt.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sqrt.cl");
 #endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-    struct cl_device;
-    struct cl_platform {
-        cl_platform_id id;
-        unsigned number;
-        char name[128];
-        char vendor[128];
-        struct cl_device * devices;
-        unsigned n_devices;
-        struct cl_device * default_device;
-    };
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f32     = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqrt_cont_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f32_4   = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqrt_cont_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f16     = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqrt_cont_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f16_4   = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_sqrt_cont_f16_4", &err), err));
 
-    struct cl_device {
-        struct cl_platform * platform;
-        cl_device_id id;
-        unsigned number;
-        cl_device_type type;
-        char name[128];
-        char version[128];
-    };
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-    enum { NPLAT = 16, NDEV = 16 };
+    // mean
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "mean.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mean.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-    struct cl_platform platforms[NPLAT];
-    unsigned n_platforms = 0;
-    struct cl_device devices[NDEV];
-    unsigned n_devices = 0;
-    struct cl_device * default_device = NULL;
-    unsigned           default_platform_number = 0;
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mean_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mean_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mean_f32_4 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_mean_f32_4", &err), err));
 
-    cl_platform_id platform_ids[NPLAT];
-    if (clGetPlatformIDs(NPLAT, platform_ids, &n_platforms) != CL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: plaform IDs not available.\n");
-        return found_devices;
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_platforms; i++) {
-        struct cl_platform * p = &platforms[i];
-        p->number = i;
-        p->id = platform_ids[i];
-        CL_CHECK(clGetPlatformInfo(p->id, CL_PLATFORM_NAME, sizeof(p->name), &p->name, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clGetPlatformInfo(p->id, CL_PLATFORM_VENDOR, sizeof(p->vendor), &p->vendor, NULL));
-
-        cl_device_id device_ids[NDEV];
-        cl_int clGetDeviceIDsError = clGetDeviceIDs(p->id, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ALL, NDEV, device_ids, &p->n_devices);
-        if (clGetDeviceIDsError == CL_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND) {
-            p->n_devices = 0;
-        } else {
-            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceIDsError);
-        }
-        p->devices = p->n_devices > 0 ? &devices[n_devices] : NULL;
-        p->default_device = NULL;
+    // sub
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "sub.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sub.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_sub =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        for (unsigned j = 0; j < p->n_devices; j++) {
-            struct cl_device * d = &devices[n_devices];
-            d->number = n_devices++;
-            d->id = device_ids[j];
-            d->platform = p;
-            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(d->id, CL_DEVICE_NAME, sizeof(d->name), &d->name, NULL));
-            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(d->id, CL_DEVICE_TYPE, sizeof(d->type), &d->type, NULL));
-            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(d->id, CL_DEVICE_VERSION, sizeof(d->version), &d->version, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sub         = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sub, "kernel_sub", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sub_row     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sub, "kernel_sub_row", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sub_f16     = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sub, "kernel_sub_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sub_row_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sub, "kernel_sub_row_f16", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-            if (p->default_device == NULL && d->type == CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) {
-                p->default_device = d;
-            }
-        }
+    // sum_rows
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "sum_rows.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sum_rows.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_sum_rows_f32 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-        if (default_device == NULL && p->default_device != NULL) {
-            default_device          = p->default_device;
-            default_platform_number = i;
-        }
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sum_rows_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sum_rows_f32, "kernel_sum_rows_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sum_rows_f32_4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sum_rows_f32, "kernel_sum_rows_f32_4", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    if (n_devices == 0) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: could find any OpenCL devices.\n");
-        return found_devices;
+    // cumsum
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "cumsum.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("cumsum.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog;
+        prog = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cumsum_blk = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_cumsum_blk", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_cumsum_add = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_cumsum_add", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
     }
 
-    char *      user_platform_string = getenv("GGML_OPENCL_PLATFORM");
-    char *      user_device_string   = getenv("GGML_OPENCL_DEVICE");
-    int         user_platform_number = -1;
-    int         user_device_number   = -1;
-    cl_device * candidate_devices    = nullptr;
-    unsigned    n_candidate_devices  = 0;
+    // sigmoid
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "sigmoid.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("sigmoid.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_sigmoid =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
 
-    unsigned n;
-    if (user_platform_string != NULL && sscanf(user_platform_string, " %u", &n) == 1 && n < n_platforms) {
-        user_platform_number = (int)n;
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sigmoid, "kernel_sigmoid_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_sigmoid, "kernel_sigmoid_f16", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
-    if (user_device_string != NULL && sscanf(user_device_string, " %u", &n) == 1 && n < n_devices) {
-        user_device_number = (int)n;
+
+    // group_norm
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "group_norm.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("group_norm.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_group_norm =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_group_norm         = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_group_norm, "kernel_group_norm", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_group_norm_mul_add = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_group_norm, "kernel_group_norm_mul_add", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
-    if (user_platform_number != -1 && user_device_number != -1) {
-        cl_platform* platform = &platforms[user_platform_number];
-        if ((unsigned)user_device_number >= platform->n_devices) {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: invalid device number %d\n", user_device_number);
-            exit(1);
-        }
-        default_device      = &platform->devices[user_device_number];
-        candidate_devices   = platform->devices;
-        n_candidate_devices = platform->n_devices;
-    } else {
-        // Choose a platform by matching a substring.
-        if (user_platform_number == -1 && user_platform_string != NULL && user_platform_string[0] != 0) {
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_platforms; i++) {
-                struct cl_platform * p = &platforms[i];
-                if (strstr(p->name, user_platform_string) != NULL ||
-                    strstr(p->vendor, user_platform_string) != NULL) {
-                    user_platform_number = (int)i;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (user_platform_number == -1) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: no platform matching '%s' was found.\n", user_platform_string);
-                exit(1);
-            }
-        }
 
-        int                  platform_idx = user_platform_number != -1 ? user_platform_number : default_platform_number;
-        struct cl_platform * p            = &platforms[platform_idx];
-        candidate_devices                 = p->devices;
-        n_candidate_devices               = p->n_devices;
-        default_device                    = p->default_device;
-        if (n_candidate_devices == 0) {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: selected platform '%s' does not have any devices.\n", p->name);
-            exit(1);
-        }
+    // repeat
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "repeat.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("repeat.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_repeat_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_repeat_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-        if (user_device_number == -1 && user_device_string != NULL && user_device_string[0] != 0) {
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_candidate_devices; i++) {
-                struct cl_device * d = &candidate_devices[i];
-                if (strstr(d->name, user_device_string) != NULL) {
-                    user_device_number = d->number;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (user_device_number == -1) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: no device matching '%s' was found.\n", user_device_string);
-                exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-        if (user_device_number != -1) {
-            candidate_devices   = &devices[user_device_number];
-            n_candidate_devices = 1;
-            default_device      = &candidate_devices[0];
+    // pad
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "pad.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("pad.cl");
+#endif
+        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
+            backend_ctx->program_pad =
+                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_pad = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_pad, "kernel_pad", &err), err));
+            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: pad kernel source not found or empty. Pad operations will not be available.\n");
+            backend_ctx->program_pad = nullptr;
+            backend_ctx->kernel_pad = nullptr;
         }
+    }
 
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_candidate_devices > 0);
+    // tanh
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "tanh.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("tanh.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_tanh_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_tanh_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_tanh_f32_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_tanh_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_tanh_f16_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_tanh_f16_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-        if (default_device == NULL) {
-            default_device = &candidate_devices[0];
-        }
+    // neg
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "neg.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("neg.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f32    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_neg_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f32_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_neg_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f32_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_neg_f32_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f16    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_neg_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f16_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_neg_f16_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f16_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_neg_f16_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_candidate_devices != 0 && candidate_devices);
+    // exp
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "exp.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("exp.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f32    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_exp_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f32_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_exp_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f32_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_exp_f32_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f16    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_exp_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f16_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_exp_f16_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f16_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_exp_f16_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-    // Put the default device in front.
-    for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_candidate_devices; i++) {
-        if (&candidate_devices[i] == default_device) {
-            std::swap(candidate_devices[0], candidate_devices[i]);
-            default_device = &candidate_devices[0];
-            break;
-        }
+    // expm1
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "expm1.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("expm1.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f32    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_expm1_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f32_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_expm1_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f32_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_expm1_f32_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f16    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_expm1_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f16_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_expm1_f16_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f16_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_expm1_f16_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
     }
 
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: selected platform: '%s'\n", default_device->platform->name);
+    // softplus
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "softplus.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("softplus.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f32    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_softplus_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f32_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_softplus_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f32_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_softplus_f32_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f16    = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_softplus_f16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f16_4  = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_softplus_f16_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f16_nc = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_softplus_f16_nc", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-    std::vector<cl_device_id> device_ids;
-    for (auto dev = candidate_devices, dev_end = candidate_devices + n_candidate_devices; dev != dev_end; dev++) {
-        device_ids.push_back(dev->id);
+    // upscale
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "upscale.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("upscale.cl");
+#endif
+        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
+            backend_ctx->program_upscale =
+                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_upscale = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_upscale, "kernel_upscale", &err), err));
+            if (backend_ctx->program_upscale) {
+                 cl_int err_bilinear;
+                 backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_upscale, "kernel_upscale_bilinear", &err_bilinear);
+                 if (err_bilinear != CL_SUCCESS) {
+                    GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: kernel_upscale_bilinear not found in upscale.cl. Bilinear upscale will not be available. Error: %d\n", err_bilinear);
+                    backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = nullptr;
+                 }
+            } else {
+                backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = nullptr;
+            }
+            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: upscale kernel source not found or empty. Upscale operations will not be available.\n");
+            backend_ctx->program_upscale = nullptr;
+            backend_ctx->kernel_upscale = nullptr;
+            backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear = nullptr;
+        }
     }
 
-    cl_int                err;
-    cl_context            shared_context;
-    cl_context_properties properties[] = { (intptr_t) CL_CONTEXT_PLATFORM, (intptr_t) default_device->platform->id, 0 };
+    // concat
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "concat.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("concat.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_concat_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
 
-    CL_CHECK(
-        (shared_context = clCreateContext(properties, device_ids.size(), device_ids.data(), NULL, NULL, &err), err));
+    // timestep_embedding
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "tsembd.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
 
-    for (auto dev = candidate_devices, dev_end = candidate_devices + n_candidate_devices; dev != dev_end; dev++) {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("\nggml_opencl: device: '%s (%s)'\n", dev->name, dev->version);
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("tsembd.cl");
+#endif
+        if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
+            backend_ctx->program_tsembd =
+                build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+            CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_tsembd, "kernel_timestep_embedding", &err), err));
+            GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: timestep_embedding kernel source not found or empty. This op will not be available.\n");
+            backend_ctx->program_tsembd = nullptr;
+            backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
 
-        auto dev_ctx = std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_opencl_device_context>(new ggml_backend_opencl_device_context{
-            /*.platform         =*/dev->platform->id,
-            /*.platform_nane    =*/dev->platform->name,
-            /*.device           =*/dev->id,
-            /*.device_name      =*/dev->name,
-            /*.device_type      =*/dev->type,
+    // set_rows
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "set_rows.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("set_rows.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_set_rows =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f32_i64 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_set_rows, "kernel_set_rows_f32_i64", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f32_i32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_set_rows, "kernel_set_rows_f32_i32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f16_i64 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_set_rows, "kernel_set_rows_f16_i64", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f16_i32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_set_rows, "kernel_set_rows_f16_i32", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+     // conv2d
+     {
+        #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+                const std::string kernel_src {
+                    #include "conv2d.cl.h"
+                };
+                const std::string kernel_src_f16_f32 {
+                    #include "conv2d_f16_f32.cl.h"
+                };
+        #else
+                const std::string kernel_src = read_file("conv2d.cl");
+                const std::string kernel_src_f16_f32 = read_file("conv2d_f16_f32.cl");
+        #endif
+                if (!kernel_src.empty()) {
+                    backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f16 =
+                        build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), (std::string(compile_opts) + " -DUSE_FP16=1").c_str());
+                    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f16, "kernel_conv_2d", &err), err));
+                    GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+                    backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f32 =
+                        build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+                    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f32, "kernel_conv_2d", &err), err));
+                    GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+                } else {
+                    GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: conv2d kernel source not found or empty. This op will not be available.\n");
+                    backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f16 = nullptr;
+                    backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f16 = nullptr;
+                    backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f32 = nullptr;
+                    backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f32 = nullptr;
+                }
+                if (!kernel_src_f16_f32.empty()) {
+                    backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f16_f32 =
+                        build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_f16_f32.c_str(), compile_opts);
+                    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f16_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f16_f32, "kernel_conv_2d", &err), err));
+                    GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+                } else {
+                    GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: conv2d_f16_f32 kernel source not found or empty. This op will not be available.\n");
+                    backend_ctx->program_conv_2d_f16_f32 = nullptr;
+                    backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f16_f32 = nullptr;
+                }
+    }
+
+    // ssm_conv
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "ssm_conv.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("ssm_conv.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32   = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_4 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_4", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat, "kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32, "kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat, "kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32, "kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat, "kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // Adreno kernels
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+    // transpose
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "transpose.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("transpose.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_transpose =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32_16 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_32_16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32    = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16    = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_16", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_8_buf  = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_8_buf", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16_buf = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_16_buf", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32_buf = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_32_buf", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16_4x1 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_transpose, "kernel_transpose_16_4x1", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // gemv_noshuffle_general
+    {
+        std::string CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+                                       " -cl-mad-enable "
+                                       " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
+                                       std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
+        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
+            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+        }
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv_general {
+            #include "gemv_noshuffle_general.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv_general = read_file("gemv_noshuffle_general.cl");
+#endif
+
+        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_general = build_program_from_source(
+            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv_general.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_general = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_general, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // gemv_noshuffle
+    {
+        // Gemv 2048, 16384
+        std::string CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+            " -cl-mad-enable "
+            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=2048 "
+            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=16384 "
+            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
+            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
+        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
+            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+        }
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv {
+            #include "gemv_noshuffle.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv = read_file("gemv_noshuffle.cl");
+#endif
+
+        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_4096 = build_program_from_source(
+            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_4096_1_4096 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_4096, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+
+        // Gemv 2048, 16384
+        CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+            " -cl-mad-enable "
+            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=2048 "
+            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=16384 "
+            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
+            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
+        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
+            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+        }
+
+        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_11008 = build_program_from_source(
+            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_4096_1_11008 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_4096_1_11008, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+
+        // Gemv 5504, 44032
+        CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+            " -cl-mad-enable "
+            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=5504 "
+            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=44032 "
+            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
+            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
+        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
+            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+        }
+
+        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_11008_1_4096 = build_program_from_source(
+            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_11008_1_4096 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_11008_1_4096, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+
+        // Gemv 16000, 128000
+        CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+            " -cl-mad-enable "
+            " -DLINE_STRIDE_A=16000 "
+            " -DBLOCK_STRIDE_A=128000 "
+            " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
+            std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
+
+        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
+            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+        }
+
+        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_32000_1_4096 = build_program_from_source(
+            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_1d_4x_flat_32000_1_4096 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemv_32000_1_4096, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemm {
+            #include "mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemm = read_file("mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemm = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemm.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemm, "kernel_mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl.h"
+       };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl");
+#endif
+        cl_program prog = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32
+    {
+        std::string CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+                                       " -cl-mad-enable ";
+        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
+            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+        }
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl");
+#endif
+
+        cl_program prog = build_program_from_source(
+            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src_q8_8x4_gemm {
+            #include "mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4.cl.h"
+       };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src_q8_8x4_gemm = read_file("mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_CL_gemm = build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_q8_8x4_gemm.c_str(), compile_opts);
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_CL_gemm, "kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32
+    {
+        std::string CL_gemv_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+                                       " -cl-mad-enable "
+                                       " -DSIMDGROUP_WIDTH=" +
+                                       std::to_string(backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size);
+        if (backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast) {
+            CL_gemv_compile_opts += " -DVECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT ";
+        }
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv_general {
+            #include "gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src_CL_gemv_general = read_file("gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32.cl");
+#endif
+
+        cl_program prog = build_program_from_source(
+            backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src_CL_gemv_general.c_str(), CL_gemv_compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f32 = clCreateKernel(prog, "kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q8_0_f32", &err), err));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseProgram(prog));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    std::string CL_moe_compile_opts = std::string("-cl-std=") + opencl_c_std +
+            " -cl-mad-enable "
+            " -cl-fast-relaxed-math";
+
+    // gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), CL_moe_compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32, "kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+
+    // gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32
+    {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_EMBED_KERNELS
+        const std::string kernel_src {
+            #include "gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl.h"
+        };
+#else
+        const std::string kernel_src = read_file("gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl");
+#endif
+        backend_ctx->program_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32 =
+            build_program_from_source(backend_ctx->context, backend_ctx->device, kernel_src.c_str(), CL_moe_compile_opts);
+
+        CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32 = clCreateKernel(backend_ctx->program_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32, "kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32", &err), err));
+        GGML_LOG_CONT(".");
+    }
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+    GGML_LOG_CONT("\n");
+}
+
+// XXX static ggml_backend_opencl_context * ggml_cl2_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+// XXX    static bool initialized = false;
+// XXX    static ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = nullptr;
+
+static ggml_backend_opencl_context * ggml_cl2_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev);
+
+namespace /* anonymous */ {
+extern struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_opencl_device_i;
+}
+
+// Look for available and suitable devices.
+static std::vector<ggml_backend_device> ggml_opencl_probe_devices(ggml_backend_reg * reg) {
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_device> found_devices;
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: OpenCL profiling enabled\n");
+#endif
+
+    struct cl_device;
+    struct cl_platform {
+        cl_platform_id id;
+        unsigned number;
+        char name[128];
+        char vendor[128];
+        struct cl_device * devices;
+        unsigned n_devices;
+        struct cl_device * default_device;
+    };
+
+    struct cl_device {
+        struct cl_platform * platform;
+        cl_device_id id;
+        unsigned number;
+        cl_device_type type;
+        char name[128];
+        char version[128];
+    };
+
+    enum { NPLAT = 16, NDEV = 16 };
+
+    struct cl_platform platforms[NPLAT];
+    unsigned n_platforms = 0;
+    struct cl_device devices[NDEV];
+    unsigned n_devices = 0;
+    struct cl_device * default_device = NULL;
+    unsigned           default_platform_number = 0;
+
+    cl_platform_id platform_ids[NPLAT];
+    if (clGetPlatformIDs(NPLAT, platform_ids, &n_platforms) != CL_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: platform IDs not available.\n");
+        return found_devices;
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_platforms; i++) {
+        struct cl_platform * p = &platforms[i];
+        p->number = i;
+        p->id = platform_ids[i];
+        CL_CHECK(clGetPlatformInfo(p->id, CL_PLATFORM_NAME, sizeof(p->name), &p->name, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clGetPlatformInfo(p->id, CL_PLATFORM_VENDOR, sizeof(p->vendor), &p->vendor, NULL));
+
+        cl_device_id device_ids[NDEV];
+        cl_int clGetDeviceIDsError = clGetDeviceIDs(p->id, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ALL, NDEV, device_ids, &p->n_devices);
+        if (clGetDeviceIDsError == CL_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND) {
+            p->n_devices = 0;
+        } else {
+            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceIDsError);
+        }
+        p->devices = p->n_devices > 0 ? &devices[n_devices] : NULL;
+        p->default_device = NULL;
+
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < p->n_devices; j++) {
+            struct cl_device * d = &devices[n_devices];
+            d->number = n_devices++;
+            d->id = device_ids[j];
+            d->platform = p;
+            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(d->id, CL_DEVICE_NAME, sizeof(d->name), &d->name, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(d->id, CL_DEVICE_TYPE, sizeof(d->type), &d->type, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(d->id, CL_DEVICE_VERSION, sizeof(d->version), &d->version, NULL));
+
+            if (p->default_device == NULL && d->type == CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) {
+                p->default_device = d;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (default_device == NULL && p->default_device != NULL) {
+            default_device          = p->default_device;
+            default_platform_number = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (n_devices == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: could find any OpenCL devices.\n");
+        return found_devices;
+    }
+
+    char *      user_platform_string = getenv("GGML_OPENCL_PLATFORM");
+    char *      user_device_string   = getenv("GGML_OPENCL_DEVICE");
+    int         user_platform_number = -1;
+    int         user_device_number   = -1;
+    cl_device * candidate_devices    = nullptr;
+    unsigned    n_candidate_devices  = 0;
+
+    unsigned n;
+    if (user_platform_string != NULL && sscanf(user_platform_string, " %u", &n) == 1 && n < n_platforms) {
+        user_platform_number = (int)n;
+    }
+    if (user_device_string != NULL && sscanf(user_device_string, " %u", &n) == 1 && n < n_devices) {
+        user_device_number = (int)n;
+    }
+    if (user_platform_number != -1 && user_device_number != -1) {
+        cl_platform* platform = &platforms[user_platform_number];
+        if ((unsigned)user_device_number >= platform->n_devices) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: invalid device number %d\n", user_device_number);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        default_device      = &platform->devices[user_device_number];
+        candidate_devices   = platform->devices;
+        n_candidate_devices = platform->n_devices;
+    } else {
+        // Choose a platform by matching a substring.
+        if (user_platform_number == -1 && user_platform_string != NULL && user_platform_string[0] != 0) {
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_platforms; i++) {
+                struct cl_platform * p = &platforms[i];
+                if (strstr(p->name, user_platform_string) != NULL ||
+                    strstr(p->vendor, user_platform_string) != NULL) {
+                    user_platform_number = (int)i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (user_platform_number == -1) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: no platform matching '%s' was found.\n", user_platform_string);
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        int                  platform_idx = user_platform_number != -1 ? user_platform_number : default_platform_number;
+        struct cl_platform * p            = &platforms[platform_idx];
+        candidate_devices                 = p->devices;
+        n_candidate_devices               = p->n_devices;
+        default_device                    = p->default_device;
+        if (n_candidate_devices == 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: selected platform '%s' does not have any devices.\n", p->name);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        if (user_device_number == -1 && user_device_string != NULL && user_device_string[0] != 0) {
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_candidate_devices; i++) {
+                struct cl_device * d = &candidate_devices[i];
+                if (strstr(d->name, user_device_string) != NULL) {
+                    user_device_number = d->number;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (user_device_number == -1) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: no device matching '%s' was found.\n", user_device_string);
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+        if (user_device_number != -1) {
+            candidate_devices   = &devices[user_device_number];
+            n_candidate_devices = 1;
+            default_device      = &candidate_devices[0];
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_candidate_devices > 0);
+
+        if (default_device == NULL) {
+            default_device = &candidate_devices[0];
+        }
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_candidate_devices != 0 && candidate_devices);
+
+    // Put the default device in front.
+    for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_candidate_devices; i++) {
+        if (&candidate_devices[i] == default_device) {
+            std::swap(candidate_devices[0], candidate_devices[i]);
+            default_device = &candidate_devices[0];
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: selected platform: '%s'\n", default_device->platform->name);
+
+    std::vector<cl_device_id> device_ids;
+    for (auto dev = candidate_devices, dev_end = candidate_devices + n_candidate_devices; dev != dev_end; dev++) {
+        device_ids.push_back(dev->id);
+    }
+
+    cl_int                err;
+    cl_context            shared_context;
+    cl_context_properties properties[] = { (intptr_t) CL_CONTEXT_PLATFORM, (intptr_t) default_device->platform->id, 0 };
+
+    CL_CHECK(
+        (shared_context = clCreateContext(properties, device_ids.size(), device_ids.data(), NULL, NULL, &err), err));
+
+    for (auto dev = candidate_devices, dev_end = candidate_devices + n_candidate_devices; dev != dev_end; dev++) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("\nggml_opencl: device: '%s (%s)'\n", dev->name, dev->version);
+
+        auto dev_ctx = std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_opencl_device_context>(new ggml_backend_opencl_device_context{
+            /*.platform         =*/dev->platform->id,
+            /*.platform_nane    =*/dev->platform->name,
+            /*.device           =*/dev->id,
+            /*.device_name      =*/dev->name,
+            /*.device_type      =*/dev->type,
             /*.device_version   =*/dev->version,
             /*.backend_ctx      =*/nullptr,
             /*.buffer_type      =*/{},
             /*.context          =*/shared_context,
         });
 
-        found_devices.push_back(ggml_backend_device{
-            /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_i,
-            /* .reg     = */ reg,
-            /* .context = */ dev_ctx.get(),
-        });
+        found_devices.push_back(ggml_backend_device{
+            /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_i,
+            /* .reg     = */ reg,
+            /* .context = */ dev_ctx.get(),
+        });
+
+        if (!ggml_cl2_init(&found_devices.back())) {
+            found_devices.pop_back();
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: drop unsupported device.\n");
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        dev_ctx.release();
+    }
+
+    if (found_devices.size()) {
+        auto * dev_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *>(found_devices.front().context);
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: default device: '%s (%s)'\n", dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(),
+                      dev_ctx->device_version.c_str());
+
+        if (dev_ctx->device_type != CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: warning, the default device is not a GPU: '%s'.\n",
+                          dev_ctx->device_name.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    return found_devices;
+}
+
+// Initialize device if it is supported (returns nullptr if it is not).
+static ggml_backend_opencl_context * ggml_cl2_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dev);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dev->context);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *) dev->context;
+    GGML_ASSERT(dev_ctx->platform);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dev_ctx->device);
+
+    if (dev_ctx->backend_ctx) {
+        return dev_ctx->backend_ctx;
+    }
+
+    auto backend_ctx        = std::make_unique<ggml_backend_opencl_context>();
+    backend_ctx->device     = dev_ctx->device;
+    backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::UNKNOWN;
+
+    // ref_count get increased in ggml_backend_opencl_device_init
+    // This function is also used to retrieve backend context, so we don't want
+    // to increase ref_count for each call. We only want to increase ref_count
+    // when the associated device is initialized
+    backend_ctx->ref_count  = 0;
+
+    if (strstr(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(), "Adreno") ||
+        strstr(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(), "Qualcomm") ||
+        strstr(dev_ctx->device_version.c_str(), "Adreno")) {
+        backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::ADRENO;
+        // Usually device version contains the detailed device name
+        backend_ctx->adreno_gen = get_adreno_gpu_gen(dev_ctx->device_version.c_str());
+        if (backend_ctx->adreno_gen == ADRENO_GPU_GEN::ADRENO_UNKNOWN) {
+            backend_ctx->adreno_gen = get_adreno_gpu_gen(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str());
+        }
+
+        // Use wave size of 64 for all Adreno GPUs.
+        backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size = 64;
+    } else if (strstr(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(), "Intel")) {
+        backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::INTEL;
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Unsupported GPU: %s\n", dev_ctx->device_name.c_str());
+        backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::UNKNOWN;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family != GPU_FAMILY::ADRENO) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: Adreno-specific kernels should not be enabled for non-Adreno GPUs; "
+            "run on an Adreno GPU or recompile with CMake option `-DGGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS=OFF`\n");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Populate backend device name
+    backend_ctx->device_name = dev_ctx->device_name;
+
+    // A local ref of cl_device_id for convenience
+    cl_device_id device = backend_ctx->device;
+
+    ggml_cl_version platform_version = get_opencl_platform_version(dev_ctx->platform);
+
+    // Check device OpenCL version, OpenCL 2.0 or above is required
+    ggml_cl_version opencl_c_version = get_opencl_c_version(platform_version, device);
+    if (opencl_c_version.major < 2) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: OpenCL 2.0 or above is required\n");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Check driver version
+    size_t driver_version_str_size;
+    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DRIVER_VERSION, 0, NULL, &driver_version_str_size);
+    char *driver_version = (char *)alloca(driver_version_str_size + 1);
+    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DRIVER_VERSION, driver_version_str_size, driver_version, NULL);
+    driver_version[driver_version_str_size] = '\0';
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: OpenCL driver: %s\n", driver_version);
+    backend_ctx->driver_version = driver_version;
+
+    backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version = get_adreno_cl_compiler_version(driver_version);
+    backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast =
+        (backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.type == E031 && backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.major >= 47) ||
+        (backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.type == DX   && backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.major >= 17);
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: vector subgroup broadcast support: %s\n",
+        backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast ? "true" : "false");
+
+    size_t ext_str_size;
+    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS, 0, NULL, &ext_str_size);
+    char *ext_buffer = (char *)alloca(ext_str_size + 1);
+    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS, ext_str_size, ext_buffer, NULL);
+    ext_buffer[ext_str_size] = '\0'; // ensure it is null terminated
+    // Check if ext_buffer contains cl_khr_fp16
+    backend_ctx->fp16_support = strstr(ext_buffer, "cl_khr_fp16") != NULL;
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: device FP16 support: %s\n", backend_ctx->fp16_support ? "true" : "false");
+
+    // fp16 is required
+    if (!backend_ctx->fp16_support) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: device does not support FP16\n");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // If OpenCL 3.0 is supported, then check for cl_khr_subgroups, which becomes
+    // optional in OpenCL 3.0 (cl_khr_subgroup is mandatory in OpenCL 2.x)
+    if (opencl_c_version.major == 3 && strstr(ext_buffer, "cl_khr_subgroups") == NULL &&
+        strstr(ext_buffer, "cl_intel_subgroups") == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: device does not support subgroups (cl_khr_subgroups or cl_intel_subgroups) "
+            "(note that subgroups is an optional feature in OpenCL 3.0)\n");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    cl_uint base_align_in_bits;
+    CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_MEM_BASE_ADDR_ALIGN, sizeof(cl_uint), &base_align_in_bits, NULL));
+    GGML_ASSERT(base_align_in_bits % 8u == 0);
+    backend_ctx->alignment = base_align_in_bits / 8u;
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: mem base addr align: %u\n", backend_ctx->alignment);
+
+    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_MAX_MEM_ALLOC_SIZE, sizeof(size_t), &backend_ctx->max_alloc_size, NULL);
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: max mem alloc size: %zu MB\n", backend_ctx->max_alloc_size/1024/1024);
+
+    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_IMAGE_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, sizeof(size_t), &backend_ctx->image_max_buffer_size, NULL);
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: device max image buffer size (pixels): %lu\n", backend_ctx->image_max_buffer_size);
+
+    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, sizeof(size_t), &backend_ctx->max_workgroup_size, NULL);
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: device max workgroup size: %lu\n", backend_ctx->max_workgroup_size);
+
+    // Check SVM.
+    cl_device_svm_capabilities svm_caps;
+    CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_SVM_CAPABILITIES, sizeof(cl_device_svm_capabilities), &svm_caps, 0));
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM coarse grain buffer support: %s\n",
+        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_COARSE_GRAIN_BUFFER ? "true" : "false");
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM fine grain buffer support: %s\n",
+        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_BUFFER ? "true" : "false");
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM fine grain system support: %s\n",
+        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_SYSTEM ? "true" : "false");
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM atomics support: %s\n",
+        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_ATOMICS ? "true" : "false");
+
+    if (opencl_c_version.major >= 3) {
+        // Assume it is not available for 3.0, since it is optional in 3.0.
+        // If compiling against 3.0, then we can query.
+        backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups = false;
+#if CL_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 300
+        CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_NON_UNIFORM_WORK_GROUP_SUPPORT, sizeof(cl_bool),
+                                 &backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups, 0));
+#endif
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(opencl_c_version.major == 2);
+        // Non-uniform workgroup sizes is mandatory feature in v2.x.
+        backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups = true;
+    }
+
+    // Print out configurations
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: flattening quantized weights representation as struct of arrays (GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q)\n");
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: using kernels optimized for Adreno (GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS)\n");
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+
+    cl_int err;
+
+    // A local ref of cl_context for convenience
+    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context = dev_ctx->context;
+
+    //CL_CHECK((queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE, &err),
+    //    (err != CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES && err != CL_INVALID_VALUE ? err :
+    //    (queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, 0, &err), err)
+    //)));
+    cl_command_queue_properties command_queue_props = 0;
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
+    command_queue_props |= CL_QUEUE_PROFILING_ENABLE;
+#endif
+    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, command_queue_props, &err), err));
+
+    // Load kernels
+    load_cl_kernels(backend_ctx.get(), opencl_c_version);
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+    // Allocate intermediate buffers and images
+    size_t required_A_q_d_bytes = 311164928;
+    size_t required_A_s_d_bytes = 38895616;
+    size_t required_B_d_bytes = 45088768;
+
+    // Ensure buffer sizes do not exceed the maximum allocation size
+    size_t max_A_q_d_bytes = MIN(required_A_q_d_bytes, backend_ctx->max_alloc_size);
+    size_t max_A_s_d_bytes = MIN(required_A_s_d_bytes, backend_ctx->max_alloc_size);
+    size_t max_B_d_bytes   = MIN(required_B_d_bytes, backend_ctx->max_alloc_size);
+    if (required_A_q_d_bytes > backend_ctx->max_alloc_size) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: A_q_d buffer size reduced from %zu to %zu due to device limitations.\n",
+                      required_A_q_d_bytes, max_A_q_d_bytes);
+    }
+    if (required_A_s_d_bytes > backend_ctx->max_alloc_size) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: A_s_d buffer size reduced from %zu to %zu due to device limitations.\n",
+                      required_A_s_d_bytes, max_A_s_d_bytes);
+    }
+    if (required_B_d_bytes > backend_ctx->max_alloc_size) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: B_d buffer size reduced from %zu to %zu due to device limitations.\n",
+                      required_B_d_bytes, max_B_d_bytes);
+    }
+
+    backend_ctx->prealloc_quant_trans.allocate(context, max_A_q_d_bytes);
+    backend_ctx->prealloc_scales_trans.allocate(context, max_A_s_d_bytes);
+    backend_ctx->prealloc_act_trans.allocate(context, max_B_d_bytes);
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+
+    backend_ctx->disable_fusion = getenv("GGML_OPENCL_DISABLE_FUSION") != nullptr;
+
+    dev_ctx->backend_ctx = backend_ctx.release();
+    return dev_ctx->backend_ctx;
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl2_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *) backend->context;
+    ctx->free();
+
+    // The CL context is shared by all backends, release it if all backends have been released
+    bool should_release_opencl = true;
+    for (auto device : g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices) {
+        ggml_backend_opencl_device_context * ctx_dev = (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *) device.context;
+        if (ctx_dev->backend_ctx->ref_count > 0) {
+            should_release_opencl = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (should_release_opencl) {
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseContext(ctx->context));
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+static void transpose_2d(
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx,
+    cl_kernel kernel,
+    cl_mem src, cl_mem dst, size_t size,
+    cl_int stride, cl_int rows,
+    bool blocking = true
+) {
+    static ggml_cl_buffer buf;
+
+    cl_event evt;
+    cl_int err;
+
+    buf.allocate(backend_ctx->context, size);
+
+    cl_mem trans;
+    cl_buffer_region region;
+
+    region.origin = 0;
+    region.size = size;
+    CL_CHECK((trans = clCreateSubBuffer(
+        buf.buffer, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+        CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err), err));
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &src));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &trans));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_int), &stride));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_int), &rows));
+
+    size_t local_size[3] = {64, 1, 1};
+    size_t global_size[3] = {(size_t)stride, (size_t)rows, 1};;
+    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(backend_ctx->queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+        global_size, local_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+    if (blocking) {
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(backend_ctx->queue, trans, dst, 0, 0, size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseEvent(evt));
+    } else {
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(backend_ctx->queue, trans, dst, 0, 0, size, 0, NULL, NULL));
+    }
+
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(trans));
+}
+
+static void transpose_2d_as_8b(
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx,
+    cl_mem src, cl_mem dst, size_t size,
+    cl_int stride, cl_int rows,
+    bool blocking = true
+) {
+    transpose_2d(backend_ctx, backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_8_buf,
+        src, dst, size, stride, rows, blocking);
+}
+
+static void transpose_2d_as_16b(
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx,
+    cl_mem src, cl_mem dst, size_t size,
+    cl_int stride, cl_int rows,
+    bool blocking = true
+) {
+    transpose_2d(backend_ctx, backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16_buf,
+        src, dst, size, stride, rows, blocking);
+}
+
+static void transpose_2d_as_32b(
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx,
+    cl_mem src, cl_mem dst, size_t size,
+    cl_int stride, cl_int rows,
+    bool blocking = true
+) {
+    transpose_2d(backend_ctx, backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32_buf,
+        src, dst, size, stride, rows, blocking);
+}
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tensor extra management
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl {
+    // The buffer object that holds the data.
+    cl_mem data_device;
+    // The offset into the buffer object. This is primarily for scratch buffer
+    // and view operation.
+    // NB: this offset no longer includes view offset (view_offs). Whenever this
+    // offset is used, view_offs should be considered.
+    cl_ulong offset;
+    // The actual size of the cl_mem object. This is needed when returning the
+    // block to the pool.
+    size_t actual_size;
+
+    void reset() {
+        data_device = nullptr;
+        offset = 0;
+        actual_size = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+// Additional tensor extra structs for quantized tensors.
+// These tensors are loaded from files and should not be allocated in scratch --
+// they should always be allocated from the pool. Hence, they do not have an
+// `offset`, which indicate their locations in the scratch buffer.
+struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 {
+    // Quantized values.
+    cl_mem q = nullptr;
+    // Quantized values in image1d_buffer_t.
+    cl_mem q_img = nullptr;
+    // Scales.
+    cl_mem d = nullptr;
+    // Scales in image1d_buffer_t.
+    cl_mem d_img = nullptr;
+    // Size of quantized values.
+    size_t size_q = 0;
+    // Size of scales.
+    size_t size_d = 0;
+
+    ~ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        // q and d are subbuffers into the bigger buffer allocated in ggml_backend_buffer.
+        // They must be properly released so that the original buffer can be
+        // properly released to avoid memory leak.
+        if (q != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q));
+            q = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (d != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d));
+            d = nullptr;
+        }
+        // Currently, q_img and d_img are only initialized when SMALL_ALLOC is
+        // enabled. They point to the images in ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context.
+        // So, there is no need to release them here.
+        // TODO: initialize them for non SMALL_PATH path, or remove them.
+        q_img = nullptr;
+        d_img = nullptr;
+        size_q = 0;
+        size_d = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 {
+    // Quantized values.
+    cl_mem q = nullptr;
+    // Quantized values in image1d_buffer_t.
+    cl_mem q_img = nullptr;
+    // Scales.
+    cl_mem d = nullptr;
+    // Scales in image1d_buffer_t.
+    cl_mem d_img = nullptr;
+    // Min
+    cl_mem m = nullptr;
+    // Min in image1d_buffer_t.
+    cl_mem m_img = nullptr;
+    // Size of quantized values.
+    size_t size_q = 0;
+    // Size of scales.
+    size_t size_d = 0;
+    // Size of min values.
+    size_t size_m = 0;
+
+    ~ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        // q and d are subbuffers into the bigger buffer allocated in ggml_backend_buffer.
+        // They must be properly released so that the original buffer can be
+        // properly released to avoid memory leak.
+        if (q != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q));
+            q = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (d != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d));
+            d = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (m != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(m));
+            m = nullptr;
+        }
+        // Currently, q_img and d_img are only initialized when SMALL_ALLOC is
+        // enabled. They point to the images in ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context.
+        // So, there is no need to release them here.
+        // TODO: initialize them for non SMALL_PATH path, or remove them.
+        q_img = nullptr;
+        d_img = nullptr;
+        m_img = nullptr;
+        size_q = 0;
+        size_d = 0;
+        size_m = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 {
+    // Quantized values.
+    cl_mem q = nullptr;
+    // Quantized values in image1d_buffer_t.
+    cl_mem q_img = nullptr;
+    // Scales in E8M0.
+    cl_mem e = nullptr;
+    // Scales in image1d_buffer_t.
+    cl_mem e_img = nullptr;
+    // Size of quantized values.
+    size_t size_q = 0;
+    // Size of scales.
+    size_t size_e = 0;
+
+    ~ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        // q and d are subbuffers into the bigger buffer allocated in ggml_backend_buffer.
+        // They must be properly released so that the original buffer can be
+        // properly released to avoid memory leak.
+        if (q != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q));
+            q = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (e != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(e));
+            e = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (q != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q_img));
+            q = nullptr;
+        }
+        // Currently, q_img and d_img are not used. They can be image1d_buffer_t
+        // that wraps around q and d to utilize image access path.
+        q_img = nullptr;
+        e_img = nullptr;
+        size_q = 0;
+        size_e = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 {
+    cl_mem q = nullptr;
+    cl_mem q_img = nullptr;
+
+    cl_mem d = nullptr;
+    cl_mem d_img = nullptr;
+
+    size_t size_q = 0;
+    size_t size_d = 0;
+
+    ~ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        // q and d are subbuffers into the bigger buffer allocated in ggml_backend_buffer.
+        // They must be properly released so that the original buffer can be
+        // properly released to avoid memory leak.
+        if (q != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q));
+            q = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (d != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d));
+            d = nullptr;
+        }
+        // Currently, q_img and d_img are not used. They can be image1d_buffer_t
+        // that wraps around q and d to utilize image access path.
+        q_img = nullptr;
+        d_img = nullptr;
+        size_q = 0;
+        size_d = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K {
+    // Lower 4 bits of quantized weights.
+    cl_mem ql = nullptr;
+    // Upper 2 bits of quantized weights.
+    cl_mem qh = nullptr;
+    // Scales for each block.
+    cl_mem s  = nullptr;
+    // Scales for each super block.
+    cl_mem d  = nullptr;
+
+    size_t size_ql = 0;
+    size_t size_qh = 0;
+    size_t size_s  = 0;
+    size_t size_d  = 0;
+
+    ~ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        if (ql != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(ql));
+            ql = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (qh != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(qh));
+            qh = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (s != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(s));
+            s = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (d != nullptr) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d));
+            d = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        size_ql = 0;
+        size_qh = 0;
+        size_s  = 0;
+        size_d  = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Backend API
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//
+// backend
+//
+static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return "OpenCL";
+
+    UNUSED(backend);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_cl2_free(backend);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
+    GGML_UNUSED(data);
+    GGML_UNUSED(offset);
+    GGML_UNUSED(size);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
+    GGML_UNUSED(data);
+    GGML_UNUSED(offset);
+    GGML_UNUSED(size);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_opencl_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    auto * backend_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_context *>(backend->context);
+
+    cl_event evt;
+    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueBarrierWithWaitList(backend_ctx->queue, 0, nullptr, &evt));
+    CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseEvent(evt));
+}
+
+// Synchronizes the 'backend_ctx's device with others so that commands
+// enqueued to it won't start until commands in the other devices have
+// completed.
+static void sync_with_other_backends(ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx) {
+    if (g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices.size() < 2)
+      return; // No other devices to synchronize with.
+
+    std::vector<cl_event> events;
+    events.reserve(g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices.size());
+
+    for (ggml_backend_device & backend_dev : g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices) {
+        auto * other_backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(&backend_dev);
+        if (backend_ctx != other_backend_ctx) {
+            cl_event ev;
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueMarkerWithWaitList(other_backend_ctx->queue, 0, nullptr, &ev));
+            CL_CHECK(clFlush(other_backend_ctx->queue));
+            events.push_back(ev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueBarrierWithWaitList(backend_ctx->queue, events.size(), events.data(), nullptr));
+    for (auto ev : events) {
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseEvent(ev));
+    }
+}
+
+static void sync_with_other_backends(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    auto * backend_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_context *>(backend->context);
+    sync_with_other_backends(backend_ctx);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_opencl_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> ops) {
+    if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, ops)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL) {
+        const ggml_tensor *rms_norm = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *mul      = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+        // rms_norm only supports f32
+        if (mul->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            mul->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            mul->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // if rms_norm is the B operand, then we don't handle broadcast
+        if (rms_norm == mul->src[1] &&
+            !ggml_are_same_shape(mul->src[0], rms_norm)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // rms_norm assumes contiguous rows
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous_rows(mul->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous_rows(mul->src[1])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else if (ops.size() == 3 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_NORM && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL && ops.begin()[2] == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+        const ggml_tensor *norm = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *mul  = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+        const ggml_tensor *add  = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+2];
+        const ggml_tensor *w    = mul->src[0] == norm ? mul->src[1] : mul->src[0];
+        const ggml_tensor *b    = add->src[0] == mul  ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        // norm fusion only supports F32
+        if (norm->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || w->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || b->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (norm->src[0]->ne[0] % 4 != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(norm->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous(w) || !ggml_is_contiguous(b)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else if (ops.size() == 3 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL && ops.begin()[2] == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+        const ggml_tensor *gn = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+        const ggml_tensor *add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+2];
+        const ggml_tensor *w   = mul->src[0] == gn ? mul->src[1] : mul->src[0];
+        const ggml_tensor *b   = add->src[0] == mul ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        if (gn->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || w->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || b->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(gn->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous(w) || !ggml_is_contiguous(b)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void ggml_opencl_op_rms_norm_fused(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * rms_norm_tensor, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor);
+static void ggml_opencl_op_norm_fused(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * norm_tensor, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor, ggml_tensor * add_tensor);
+static void ggml_opencl_op_group_norm_fused(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * gn_tensor, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor, ggml_tensor * add_tensor);
+
+static ggml_status ggml_backend_opencl_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+
+        // NOTE: this may oversynchronize by synchronizing with
+        //       backends/devices which don't compute 'cgraph's
+        //       dependencies.
+        sync_with_other_backends(backend);
+
+        if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!backend_ctx->disable_fusion && ggml_opencl_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_ADD })) {
+            ggml_opencl_op_norm_fused(backend, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1], cgraph->nodes[i+2]);
+            i += 2;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!backend_ctx->disable_fusion && ggml_opencl_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_ADD })) {
+            ggml_opencl_op_group_norm_fused(backend, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1], cgraph->nodes[i+2]);
+            i += 2;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!backend_ctx->disable_fusion && ggml_opencl_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL })) {
+            ggml_opencl_op_rms_norm_fused(backend, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1]);
+            i++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        bool ok = ggml_cl_compute_forward(backend, node);
+        if (!ok) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: op not supported %s (%s)\n", __func__, node->name, ggml_op_name(node->op));
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(ok);
+    }
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_opencl_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_device_context * dev_ctx     = (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *)dev->context;
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *        backend_ctx = dev_ctx->backend_ctx;
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    return true;
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+                    // We do not support flattened Q4_0 (and possibly other Q's)
+                    return false;
+#else // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+                    return true;
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                // TODO: add support
+                // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14274
+#pragma message("TODO: implement BF16, Q4_0, Q4_1, Q5_0, Q5_1, Q8_0, IQ4_NL support (https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14661)")
+                if (op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                switch (op->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                        return (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+        case GGML_OP_DUP:
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    switch (op->type) {
+                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                            return true;
+                        default:
+                            return false;
+                    }
+                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    switch (op->type) {
+                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                            return true;
+                        default:
+                            return false;
+                    }
+                case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                    switch (op->type) {
+                        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                            return true;
+                        default:
+                            return false;
+                    }
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_SET: {
+            return (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) &&
+                    op->type == op->src[0]->type &&
+                    op->type == op->src[1]->type;
+        }
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+            if (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                const bool src0_ok = op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+                const bool src1_ok = op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+                if (src0_ok && src1_ok) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+            return (op->src[0]->type == op->src[1]->type) &&
+                   (op->src[0]->type == op->type) &&
+                   (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+            return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                    ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
+                   return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                   return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                   return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                   return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]) && (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op);
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op);
+        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+        case GGML_OP_NORM:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            return op->ne[0] % 4 == 0 && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32; // Assuming F32 for now, can be expanded
+        case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            // TODO: add circular padding support for opencl, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16985
+            if (ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 8) != 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE: {
+            ggml_scale_mode mode = (ggml_scale_mode)(ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 0) & 0xFF);
+            const bool antialias = (ggml_scale_mode)(ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 0) & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS);
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                   (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST || mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) && !antialias;
+        }
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+            return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
+                   (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
+                   (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                return op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            } else if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0  || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ||
+                       op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4 ||
+                       op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K  ||
+                       op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
+                return op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
+            } else if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+                return op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            }
+            return false;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+            if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ||
+                op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ||
+                op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4) {
+                if (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
+            return op->ne[3] == 1;
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
+            const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
+            const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+            const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
+            if (is_mrope && !is_vision) {
+                if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+                    op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (is_vision) {
+                if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+                    op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT: {
+            cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_argsort_f32_i32;
+            int max_workgroup_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+
+            int cols = 1;
+            while (cols < op->ne[0]) {
+                cols *= 2;
+            }
+
+            return cols <= max_workgroup_size && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        }
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            {
+                const ggml_tensor * q = op->src[0];
+                const ggml_tensor * k = op->src[1];
+                const ggml_tensor * v = op->src[2];
+
+                const int dk = q->ne[0];
+                const int dv = v->ne[0];
+
+                const struct { int dk; int dv; } supported_dims[] = {
+                    { 40,  40}, { 64,  64}, { 80,  80}, { 96,  96},
+                    {112, 112}, {128, 128}, {192, 128},
+                    {192, 192}, {256, 256},
+                };
+
+                bool dims_supported = false;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(supported_dims)/sizeof(supported_dims[0]); ++i) {
+                    if (supported_dims[i].dk == dk && supported_dims[i].dv == dv) {
+                        dims_supported = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!dims_supported) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                const bool is_f32_f32 = q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && k->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                                        v->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+                const bool is_f16_f16 = q->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && k->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 &&
+                                        v->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+                const bool is_f32_f16 = q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && k->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 &&
+                                        v->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+
+                return is_f32_f32 || is_f16_f16 || is_f32_f16;
+            }
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// Forward declaration - implementation appears later in the file.
+static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type);
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_opencl_guid() {
+    static ggml_guid guid = { 0xde, 0xe0, 0x70, 0xa2, 0x73, 0x4e, 0x4d, 0xbc, 0xb0, 0xc7, 0x4f, 0xd4, 0x6d, 0x4e, 0x90, 0xfe };
+    return &guid;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_opencl_i = {
+    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_opencl_name,
+    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_opencl_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  /* ggml_backend_opencl_set_tensor_async */
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  /* ggml_backend_opencl_get_tensor_async */
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  /* ggml_backend_opencl_cpy_tensor_async */
+    /* .synchronize             = */ ggml_backend_opencl_synchronize,
+    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
+};
+
+ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_opencl_init(void) {
+    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_opencl_reg(), 0);
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
+
+    ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_opencl_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_opencl_i,
+        /* .device  = */ dev,
+        /* .context = */ backend_ctx
+    };
+
+    return backend;
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_is_opencl(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return backend && backend->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_opencl_name;
+}
+
+//
+// buffer
+//
+struct ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context {
+    // A buffer context can hold multiple cl_mem objects. This is for flattening
+    // quantized weights and should be used with GGML_OPENCL_SMALL_ALLOC where
+    // each tensor is allocated a separate buffer. When flattening is enabled
+    // with small allocation, each tensor is backed by two cl_mem objects (for
+    // quants and scales) packed into a backend_opencl_buffer.
+    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context(cl_mem buf)
+        : name("OpenCL") {
+        buffer.push_back(buf);
+    }
+
+    ~ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context() {
+        for (cl_mem buf : buffer) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buf));
+        }
+        for (cl_mem im : img) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(im));
+        }
+
+        // Delete all extras to trigger their destructors
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl * e : temp_tensor_extras) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl * e : temp_tensor_extras_in_use) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q4_0) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * e : temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * e : temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4_in_use) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q8_0) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q8_0_in_use) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * e : temp_tensor_extras_q6_K) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * e : temp_tensor_extras_q6_K_in_use) {
+            delete e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra() {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra;
+        if (temp_tensor_extras.empty()) {
+            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl();
+        } else {
+            extra = temp_tensor_extras.back();
+            temp_tensor_extras.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        temp_tensor_extras_in_use.push_back(extra);
+
+        extra->reset();
+        return extra;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q4_0() {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra;
+        if (temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.empty()) {
+            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0();
+        } else {
+            extra = temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.back();
+            temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use.push_back(extra);
+
+        extra->reset();
+        return extra;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q4_1() {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 * extra;
+        if (temp_tensor_extras_q4_1.empty()) {
+            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1();
+        } else {
+            extra = temp_tensor_extras_q4_1.back();
+            temp_tensor_extras_q4_1.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        temp_tensor_extras_q4_1_in_use.push_back(extra);
+
+        extra->reset();
+        return extra;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_mxfp4() {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * extra;
+        if (temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4.empty()) {
+            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4();
+        } else {
+            extra = temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4.back();
+            temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4_in_use.push_back(extra);
+
+        extra->reset();
+        return extra;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q8_0() {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * extra;
+        if (temp_tensor_extras_q8_0.empty()) {
+            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0();
+        } else {
+            extra = temp_tensor_extras_q8_0.back();
+            temp_tensor_extras_q8_0.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        temp_tensor_extras_q8_0_in_use.push_back(extra);
+
+        extra->reset();
+        return extra;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q6_K() {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * extra;
+        if (temp_tensor_extras_q6_K.empty()) {
+            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K();
+        } else {
+            extra = temp_tensor_extras_q6_K.back();
+            temp_tensor_extras_q6_K.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        temp_tensor_extras_q6_K_in_use.push_back(extra);
+
+        extra->reset();
+        return extra;
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl * e : temp_tensor_extras_in_use) {
+            temp_tensor_extras.push_back(e);
+        }
+        temp_tensor_extras_in_use.clear();
+
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use) {
+            temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.push_back(e);
+        }
+        temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use.clear();
+
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q4_1_in_use) {
+            temp_tensor_extras_q4_1.push_back(e);
+        }
+        temp_tensor_extras_q4_1_in_use.clear();
+
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * e : temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4_in_use) {
+            temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4.push_back(e);
+        }
+        temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4_in_use.clear();
+
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q8_0_in_use) {
+            temp_tensor_extras_q8_0.push_back(e);
+        }
+        temp_tensor_extras_q8_0_in_use.clear();
+
+        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * e : temp_tensor_extras_q6_K_in_use) {
+            temp_tensor_extras_q6_K.push_back(e);
+        }
+        temp_tensor_extras_q6_K_in_use.clear();
+    }
+
+    // Pools for extras. Available extras are in `temp_tensor_extras`. Extras
+    // being used are in `temp_tensor_extras_in_use`. At the first run, new
+    // extras get created and put in `in_use`. When the buffer is reset via
+    // the `reset` callback, all extras in `in_use` get moved to available extras
+    // for reuse.
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl *> temp_tensor_extras;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl *> temp_tensor_extras_in_use;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *> temp_tensor_extras_q4_0;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *> temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 *> temp_tensor_extras_q4_1;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 *> temp_tensor_extras_q4_1_in_use;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 *> temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 *> temp_tensor_extras_mxfp4_in_use;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 *> temp_tensor_extras_q8_0;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 *> temp_tensor_extras_q8_0_in_use;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K *> temp_tensor_extras_q6_K;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K *> temp_tensor_extras_q6_K_in_use;
+
+    // The buffer_context is initially created by ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer
+    // before any tensor is initialized (at the beginning of alloc_tensor_range).
+    // Hence, there is always a buffer object in this vector. When each tensor is
+    // being initialized, this original buffer object will be released if both
+    // flattening and small allocation are enabled, and additional buffer
+    // objects will be created in init_tensor to represent flattened quantized
+    // weights.
+    std::vector<cl_mem> buffer;
+    // These are image1d_buffer_t objects that wrap around the quants and scales.
+    // For Q4_0 quantization, there should be two of them - one for quants and
+    // one for scales. They should be populated only when flattening and small
+    // allocation are enabled.
+    std::vector<cl_mem> img;
+    std::string name;
+};
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
+    return (void *) (uintptr_t) backend_ctx->alignment;
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
+
+    if (tensor->view_src != nullptr) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer->buft == buffer->buft);
+
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * view_extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->view_src->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(view_extra && "view_extra is nullptr?");
+
+        // Reuse extra of the parent tensor. The offset of this view tensor
+        // becomes `extra->offset + view_offs` and needs to be calculated when
+        // it is used. This changes is needed because of the change to
+        // ggml_alloc.c in https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/7640.
+        // `buffer` passed in here will always be `tensor->buffer`. It is OK
+        // to allocate extras from the same buffer context for ordinary
+        // intermediate tensors. But for views into kv cache tensors, doing so
+        // would mess up the extras used by kv cache.
+        // Before #7640, `buffer` is for intermediate tensors, which is always
+        // different from that of kv cache tensors.
+        //
+        // NB: now extra->offset no longer accounts for view_offs.
+        // NB: this should not apply to weight tensors (for end-to-end runs, but
+        //     may apply for test-backend-ops).
+        // FIXME: if any unexpected results are seen, double check the offset -
+        // there could be other places that need fix.
+        tensor->extra = view_extra;
+    } else {
+        {
+            size_t offset = (char *) tensor->data - (char *) ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_base(buffer);
+
+            ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra();
+            extra->offset = offset;
+            extra->data_device = ctx->buffer[0];
+            extra->actual_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+
+            tensor->extra = extra;
+        }
+    }
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// The optimized gemm and gemv kernels are used for large matrices without batch.
+// tensor is the quantized weights matrix.
+inline bool use_adreno_kernels(const ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, const ggml_tensor *tensor) {
+    int64_t threshold_ne0 = 512;
+    int64_t threshold_ne1 = 512;
+    if (!backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.newer_than_or_same(E031, 38, 11, 0) &&
+         backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.type != DX) {
+        threshold_ne0 = 128;
+        threshold_ne1 = 128;
+    }
+    return tensor->ne[0] >= threshold_ne0 && tensor->ne[1] >= threshold_ne1 &&
+            tensor->ne[2] == 1 && tensor->ne[3] == 1;
+}
+
+inline bool use_adreno_moe_kernels(const ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, const ggml_tensor *tensor) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend_ctx);
+    int ne01 = tensor->ne[1];
+    return ((strstr(tensor->name, "ffn") != NULL) || (strstr(tensor->name, "as") != NULL)) && (ne01 % 64 == 0);
+}
+
+inline bool enable_adreno_trans_weight(const ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, const ggml_tensor *tensor) {
+
+    bool adreno_kernel = use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor);
+
+    size_t elem_num = tensor->ne[0] * tensor->ne[1] * tensor->ne[2] * tensor->ne[3];
+
+    return ((elem_num < 128 * 1024 * 1024) && adreno_kernel);  // max element num: 2**27
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
+
+    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
+    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    // We separate the quantized bits and scale from block_q4_0 by using an
+    // additional kernel, where each thread handles a block. We first read the
+    // original weights into a temporary buffer, then create two separate
+    // buffers for quantized bits and scales, which are then populated by the
+    // conversion kernel.
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        // Tensors should have been preallocated, therefore they should
+        // already have ggml_tensor_extra_cl as extra.
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_orig = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra_orig && "Tesnors in OpenCL backend should have been allocated and initialized");
+
+        // Allocate the new extra and create aliases from the original.
+        ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q4_0();
+
+        size_t size_d = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/2;
+        GGML_ASSERT(size_d + size_q == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "Incorrect tensor size");
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, 0,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+        // We consider the specified offset arg as always, although For weights
+        // the offset arg should be 0 (we do not assert this).
+        //GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+
+        // We create subbuffers from the original tensor buffer for scales and
+        // quants - i.e., scales and quants are aliases into the buffer object
+        // that backs the original tensor. This is a cleaner way to adapt to the
+        // new memory management.
+        // In the old code, we allocate new buffers for scales and quants
+        // respectively, which could still be done but would result in double
+        // allocation; properly deallocating the preallocated buffer that backs
+        // the tensors is tricky and would leak the backend specific information
+        // into the general backend code.
+        // Does this create misaligned subbuffers (alignment is 1024) in certain
+        // cases ?
+        cl_buffer_region region;
+
+        // The original tensor memory is divided into scales and quants, i.e.,
+        // we first store scales, then quants.
+        // Create subbuffer for scales.
+        region.origin = align_to(extra_orig->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_d;
+        extra->d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        auto previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for quants.
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_d, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_q;
+        extra->q = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        //cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0;
+    #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0;
+
+        // The optimized kernels need weights in natural order, so unshuffle.
+        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0_noshuffle;
+        }
+    #else
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0;
+    #endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+
+        tensor->extra = extra;
+
+        // transpose the weights and scales
+    #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        // Only do transpose for large, non batched matrix
+        // TODO: use preallocated images instead of sub-buffer then image
+        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        // start transpose
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        int M = tensor->ne[1];   // ne01
+        int K = tensor->ne[0];   // ne00
+
+        //For matrix-vector multiplication kernel, we assume K is a multiple of 32
+        GGML_ASSERT(K % 32 == 0);
+        //For transpose kernels, we assume K is a multiple of 4 (satisfied by prior assert), and M is a multiple of 4
+        GGML_ASSERT(M % 4 == 0);
+
+        // transpose is out of place, so we need to allocate transposed buffers
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        // use sub_buffer of max buffer size instead
+
+        size_t q_size_bytes = K * M / 8 * sizeof(float);
+        backend_ctx->prealloc_quant_trans.allocate(context, q_size_bytes);
+
+        cl_buffer_region region;
+        region.origin = 0;
+        region.size = q_size_bytes;
+        cl_mem qT_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            backend_ctx->prealloc_quant_trans.buffer,
+            0,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
+            &region,
+            &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        bool K_tile_trans = true;
+        if ((K / 32) % 4 != 0){
+            K_tile_trans =false;
+        }
+
+        size_t d_size_bytes = M * (K / 32) * 2;
+        backend_ctx->prealloc_scales_trans.allocate(context, d_size_bytes);
+
+        region.origin = 0;
+        region.size = d_size_bytes;
+        cl_mem dT_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            backend_ctx->prealloc_scales_trans.buffer,
+            0,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
+            &region,
+            &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+
+
+        // create images from the buffers
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        cl_mem q_d_image1D;
+        cl_mem d_d_image1D;
+        cl_mem qT_d_image1D;
+        cl_mem dT_d_image1D;
+
+        cl_image_format img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
+        cl_image_desc img_desc_1d;
+
+        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 4 / 4;
+        img_desc_1d.buffer = extra->q;
+        q_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
+        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 4 / 4;
+        img_desc_1d.buffer = qT_d;
+        qT_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+        if (K_tile_trans) {
+            img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
+            img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32 / 4;
+        } else {
+            img_fmt_1d = { CL_R, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
+            img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32;
+        }
+        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc_1d.buffer = extra->d;
+        d_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
+        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32 / 4;
+        img_desc_1d.buffer = dT_d;
+        dT_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+
+        // set up and call the transpose kernels
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        // weights
+        int height_q = M / 4;
+        int width_q = K / 4 / 4;
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16;
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &q_d_image1D));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &qT_d_image1D));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int),    &height_q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int),    &width_q));
+
+        size_t local_size_q[3] = {4, 16, 1};
+        size_t global_size_q[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(width_q), static_cast<size_t>(height_q), 1};
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_size_q, local_size_q, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+
+        // scales
+        int height_s = M / 4;
+        int width_s = K / 32 / 4;
+
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16;
+        if (!K_tile_trans) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16_4x1;
+            width_s = K / 32;
+        }
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &d_d_image1D));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &dT_d_image1D));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int), &height_s));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int), &width_s));
+
+        size_t local_size_s[3] = {4, 16, 1};
+        size_t global_size_s[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(width_s), static_cast<size_t>(height_s), 1};
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_size_s, local_size_s, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+
+        // copy transposed buffer contents to original buffers
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        // weights
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, qT_d, extra->q, 0, 0, q_size_bytes, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+
+        // scales
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, dT_d, extra->d, 0, 0, d_size_bytes, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+
+        // deallocate transpose buffers
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(qT_d));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(dT_d));
+
+        // deallocate temporary images
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q_d_image1D));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d_d_image1D));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(qT_d_image1D));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(dT_d_image1D));
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        // end transpose
+        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        }
+    #endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+
+        return;
+
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_orig = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra_orig && "Tesnors in OpenCL backend should have been allocated and initialized");
+
+        // Allocate the new extra and create aliases from the original.
+        ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q4_1();
+
+        size_t size_d = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+        size_t size_m = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/2;
+        GGML_ASSERT(size_d + size_m + size_q == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "Incorrect tensor size");
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, 0,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+        cl_buffer_region region;
+
+        // The original tensor memory is divided into scales and quants, i.e.,
+        // we first store scales, mins, then quants.
+        // Create subbuffer for scales.
+        region.origin = align_to(extra_orig->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_d;
+        extra->d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        auto previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for mins.
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_d, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_m;
+        extra->m = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for quants.
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_m, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_q;
+        extra->q = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+    #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_1;
+
+        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_1_noshuffle;
+        }
+    #else
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_1;
+    #endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->m));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+
+        tensor->extra = extra;
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+
+            int M = tensor->ne[1];
+            int K = tensor->ne[0];
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(K % 32 == 0);
+
+            // Transpose q as ushort
+            transpose_2d_as_16b(backend_ctx, extra->q, extra->q, size_q, K/4, M);
+            // Transpose d as ushort
+            transpose_2d_as_16b(backend_ctx, extra->d, extra->d, size_d, K/32, M);
+            // Transpose m as ushort
+            transpose_2d_as_16b(backend_ctx, extra->m, extra->m, size_m, K/32, M);
+        }
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        return;
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_orig = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra_orig && "Tesnors in OpenCL backend should have been allocated and initialized");
+
+        // Allocate the new extra and create aliases from the original.
+        ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_mxfp4();
+
+        size_t size_e = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(char);
+        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/2;
+        GGML_ASSERT(size_e + size_q == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "Incorrect tensor size");
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, 0,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+        // The original tensor memory is divided into scales and quants, i.e.,
+        // we first store scales, then quants.
+        cl_buffer_region region;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for scales.
+        region.origin = align_to(extra_orig->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_e;
+        extra->e = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        auto previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for quants.
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_e, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_q;
+        extra->q = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        if (use_adreno_moe_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+            cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_mxfp4_trans;
+
+            int ne00 = tensor->ne[0];
+            int ne01 = tensor->ne[1];
+            int ne02 = tensor->ne[2];
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->e));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int), &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int), &ne01));
+
+            size_t global_work_size[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(((ne01 + 63) / 64) * 64), static_cast<size_t>(ne00 / 32), static_cast<size_t>(ne02)};
+            size_t local_work_size[3] = {64, 2, 1};
+
+            cl_event evt;
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+            tensor->extra = extra;
+
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_mxfp4;
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->e));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[3] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[3] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+
+        // Create image for Q
+        cl_image_format img_format_q = {CL_RG, CL_UNSIGNED_INT32};
+        cl_image_desc img_desc_q = {
+            CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER,
+            static_cast<size_t>(ggml_nelements(tensor)/32*2),
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            { extra->q }
+        };
+        extra->q_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_format_q, &img_desc_q, NULL, &err);
+        tensor->extra = extra;
+
+        return;
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_orig = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra_orig && "Tesnors in OpenCL backend should have been allocated and initialized");
+
+        // Allocate the new extra and create aliases from the original.
+        ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q8_0();
+
+        size_t size_d = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*(ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(char));
+        GGML_ASSERT(size_d + size_q == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "Incorrect tensor size");
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, 0,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+        // The original tensor memory is divided into scales and quants, i.e.,
+        // we first store scales, then quants.
+        cl_buffer_region region;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for scales.
+        region.origin = align_to(extra_orig->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_d;
+        extra->d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        auto previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for quants.
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_d, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_q;
+        extra->q = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q8_0;
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+
+        tensor->extra = extra;
+
+        // Transpose the weights and scales
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        if (enable_adreno_trans_weight(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+
+            int M = tensor->ne[1];   // ne01
+            int K = tensor->ne[0];   // ne00
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(K % 32 == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(M % 4 == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
+
+            // Transpose weights
+            size_t q_size_bytes = K * M / 4 * sizeof(float);
+            cl_buffer_region region;
+            region.origin = 0;
+            region.size = q_size_bytes;
+            cl_mem qT_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+                backend_ctx->prealloc_quant_trans.buffer,
+                0,
+                CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
+                &region,
+                &err);
+            CL_CHECK(err);
+
+            cl_mem q_d_image1D;
+            cl_mem qT_d_image1D;
+
+            cl_image_format img_fmt_1d;
+            cl_image_desc img_desc_1d;
+
+            img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT };
+            memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+            img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 4 / 4;
+            img_desc_1d.buffer = extra->q;
+            q_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+            CL_CHECK(err);
+
+            img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT };
+            memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+            img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 4 / 4;
+            img_desc_1d.buffer = qT_d;
+            qT_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+            CL_CHECK(err);
+
+            int height_q = M / 4;
+            int width_q = K / 4 / 4;
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32;
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &q_d_image1D));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &qT_d_image1D));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int),    &height_q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int),    &width_q));
+
+            size_t local_size_q[3] = {4, 16, 1};
+            size_t global_size_q[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(width_q), static_cast<size_t>(height_q), 1};
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_size_q, local_size_q, 0, NULL, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+
+            // Transpose scales
+            size_t d_size_bytes = M * (K / 32) * 2;
+            region.origin = 0;
+            region.size = d_size_bytes;
+            cl_mem dT_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+                backend_ctx->prealloc_scales_trans.buffer,
+                0,
+                CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
+                &region,
+                &err);
+            CL_CHECK(err);
+
+            cl_mem d_d_image1D;
+            cl_mem dT_d_image1D;
+
+            memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+            img_fmt_1d = { CL_R, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
+            img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32;
+            img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc_1d.buffer = extra->d;
+            d_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+            CL_CHECK(err);
+
+            img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
+            memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+            img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+            img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32 / 4;
+            img_desc_1d.buffer = dT_d;
+            dT_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
+            CL_CHECK(err);
+
+            int height_s = M / 4;
+            int width_s = K / 32;
+
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16_4x1;
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &d_d_image1D));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &dT_d_image1D));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int), &height_s));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int), &width_s));
+
+            size_t local_size_s[3] = {4, 16, 1};
+            size_t global_size_s[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(width_s), static_cast<size_t>(height_s), 1};
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_size_s, local_size_s, 0, NULL, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+
+            // copy transposed buffer contents to original buffers
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, qT_d, extra->q, 0, 0, q_size_bytes, 0, NULL, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, dT_d, extra->d, 0, 0, d_size_bytes, 0, NULL, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(qT_d));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(dT_d));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q_d_image1D));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d_d_image1D));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(qT_d_image1D));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(dT_d_image1D));
+        } // end transpose
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+
+        return;
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_orig = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra_orig && "Tesnors in OpenCL backend should have been allocated and initialized");
+
+        // Allocate the new extra and create aliases from the original.
+        ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q6_K();
+
+        size_t size_ql = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/2;
+        size_t size_qh = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/4;
+        size_t size_s  = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/16;
+        size_t size_d  = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+        GGML_ASSERT(size_ql + size_qh + size_s + size_d == ggml_nbytes(tensor) &&
+            "Incorrect tensor size");
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, 0,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+        cl_buffer_region region;
+
+        // Subbuffer for ql
+        region.origin = align_to(extra_orig->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_ql;
+        extra->ql = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        auto previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Subbuffer for qh
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_ql, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_qh;
+        extra->qh = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Subbuffer for scales
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_qh, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_s;
+        extra->s = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Create subbuffer for d.
+        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_s, backend_ctx->alignment);
+        region.size = size_d;
+        extra->d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+        previous_origin = region.origin;
+
+        // Flatten the weights
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q6_K;
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->ql));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->qh));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->s));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+
+        extra->size_ql = size_ql;
+        extra->size_qh = size_qh;
+        extra->size_s  = size_s;
+        extra->size_d  = size_d;
+
+        tensor->extra  = extra;
+        return;
+    }
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
+    GGML_ASSERT(extra);
+
+    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
+        queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE, extra->offset + offset,
+        size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor->extra);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
+
+    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
+    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+
+    // Make sure all previously submitted commands in other devices are finished.
+    sync_with_other_backends(backend_ctx);
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    // In end-to-end runs, get_tensor is usually used to get back the logits,
+    // where we can simply do clEnqueueReadBuffer since they are f32.
+    // However, in test-backend-ops, the GPU graph is copied to the CPU backend,
+    // which requires reading back quantized weight tensors.
+    // To properly support this, we need to restore block_q4_0 struct arrays
+    // from the flattened buffers.
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *)tensor->extra;
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+            cl_int err;
+            cl_kernel kernel;
+
+            cl_int M = tensor->ne[1];   // ne01
+            cl_int K = tensor->ne[0];   // ne00
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(K % 32 == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(M % 4 == 0);
+
+            size_t size_q = (ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type))*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/2;
+            size_t size_d = (ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type))*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+            GGML_ASSERT(size_d + size_q == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "Incorrect tensor size");
+
+            cl_mem buf_trans_q;
+            cl_mem buf_trans_d;
+
+            CL_CHECK((buf_trans_q = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+                size_q, NULL, &err), err));
+            CL_CHECK((buf_trans_d = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+                size_d, NULL, &err), err));
+
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16_buf;
+
+            // transpose q back
+            cl_int stride_k_q = K/4;
+            size_t local_size_q[3] = {64, 1, 1};
+            size_t global_size_q[3] = {(size_t)M, (size_t)stride_k_q, 1};
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &buf_trans_q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_int), &M));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_int), &stride_k_q));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+                global_size_q, local_size_q, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+            // transpose scales back
+            cl_int stride_k_d = K/32;
+            size_t local_size_d[3] = {64, 1, 1};
+            size_t global_size_d[3] = {(size_t)M, (size_t)stride_k_d, 1};
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &buf_trans_d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_int), &M));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_int), &stride_k_d));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+                global_size_d, local_size_d, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+            // unpack
+            cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+                ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+            CL_CHECK(err);
+
+            cl_uchar mask_0F = 0x0F;
+            cl_uchar mask_F0 = 0xF0;
+
+            size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+            size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_0_noshuffle;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &buf_trans_q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &buf_trans_d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_uchar), &mask_0F));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_uchar), &mask_F0));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+                global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+            // read back to host
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+                queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+                size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buf_trans_q));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buf_trans_d));
+
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_0;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+            global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+            size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+        return;
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 *)tensor->extra;
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+            static ggml_cl_buffer buf_trans_q;
+            static ggml_cl_buffer buf_trans_m;
+            static ggml_cl_buffer buf_trans_d;
+            static ggml_cl_buffer buf_unpacked;
+
+            cl_int M = tensor->ne[1];
+            cl_int K = tensor->ne[0];
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(K % ggml_blck_size(tensor->type) == 0);
+
+            size_t size_q = (ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type))*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/2;
+            size_t size_d = (ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type))*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+            size_t size_m = (ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type))*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+            GGML_ASSERT(size_d + size_q + size_m == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "Incorrect tensor size");
+
+            buf_trans_q.allocate(backend_ctx->context, size_q);
+            buf_trans_m.allocate(backend_ctx->context, size_m);
+            buf_trans_d.allocate(backend_ctx->context, size_d);
+            buf_unpacked.allocate(backend_ctx->context, ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+
+            // transpose q, d, m back
+            transpose_2d_as_16b(backend_ctx, extra->q, buf_trans_q.buffer, size_q, M, K/4);
+            transpose_2d_as_16b(backend_ctx, extra->d, buf_trans_d.buffer, size_d, M, K/32);
+            transpose_2d_as_16b(backend_ctx, extra->m, buf_trans_m.buffer, size_m, M, K/32);
+
+            cl_uchar mask_0F = 0x0F;
+            cl_uchar mask_F0 = 0xF0;
+
+            size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+            size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+            cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_1_noshuffle;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &buf_trans_q.buffer));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &buf_trans_d.buffer));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &buf_trans_m.buffer));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &buf_unpacked.buffer));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_uchar), &mask_0F));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_uchar), &mask_F0));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, buf_unpacked.buffer, CL_TRUE, offset, size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_1;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->m));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+            global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+            size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+        return;
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 *)tensor->extra;
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        if (use_adreno_moe_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+            cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_mxfp4_trans;
+
+            int ne00 = tensor->ne[0];
+            int ne01 = tensor->ne[1];
+            int ne02 = tensor->ne[2];
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->e));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_int), &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_int), &ne01));
+
+            size_t global_work_size[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(((ne01 + 63) / 64) * 64), static_cast<size_t>(ne00 / 32), static_cast<size_t>(ne02)};
+            size_t local_work_size[3] = {64, 2, 1};
+
+            cl_event evt;
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+                global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+                queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+                size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_mxfp4;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->e));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+            global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+            size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+        return;
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 *)tensor->extra;
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+        if (enable_adreno_trans_weight(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
+            cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q8_0_trans;
+
+            int ne00 = tensor->ne[0];
+            int ne01 = tensor->ne[1];
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_int), &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_int), &ne01));
+
+            size_t global_work_size[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(((ne01 + 63) / 64) * 64), 1, 1};
+            size_t local_work_size[3] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+            cl_event evt;
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+                global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+            CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+
+            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+                queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+                size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q8_0;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+            global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+            size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+        return;
+    }
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K *)tensor->extra;
+
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
+            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
+        CL_CHECK(err);
+
+        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q6_K;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->ql));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->qh));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->s));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+        cl_event evt;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
+            global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
+            size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+        return;
+    }
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
+        queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE, extra->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset,
+        size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = buffer->buft->device;
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
+    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    for (cl_mem buf : ctx->buffer) {
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueFillBuffer(queue, buf, &value, sizeof(value), 0, buffer->size, 0, NULL, NULL));
+    }
+    CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_reset(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    ctx->reset();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_interface = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_init_tensor,
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ NULL,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ NULL,
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_reset,
+};
+
+//
+// buffer type
+//
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
+    return "OpenCL";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer_type);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type, size_t size) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer_type->device);
+
+    // clCreateBuffer returns -61 for size 0
+    size = std::max(size, (size_t)1);
+
+    cl_int err;
+    cl_mem mem = clCreateBuffer(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE, size, NULL, &err);
+    if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: failed to allocate %.2f MiB\n", __func__, size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context(mem);
+
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buffer_type, ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_interface, ctx, size);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer_type->device);
+    return backend_ctx->alignment;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
+    static size_t max_size = -1;
+    if (max_size == (size_t)-1) {
+        ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer_type->device);
+        max_size = backend_ctx->max_alloc_size;
+    }
+    return max_size;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_supports_backend(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return ggml_backend_is_opencl(backend);
+
+    UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name,
+    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ NULL,
+    /* .is_host          = */ NULL,
+};
+
+//
+// backend device
+//
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return "GPUOpenCL";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *) dev->context;
+    return dev_ctx->device_name.c_str();
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    // no memory to report
+    *free  = 0;
+    *total = 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name        = ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type        = ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_type(dev);
+    ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+    props->caps = ggml_backend_dev_caps {
+        /* .async                 = */ false,
+        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
+        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
+        /* .events                = */ false,
+    };
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_opencl_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
+    // Getting a new reference to the backend, increase ref_count
+    backend_ctx->ref_count++;
+
+    ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
+        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_guid(),
+        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_opencl_i,
+        /* .device    = */ dev,
+        /* .context   = */ backend_ctx,
+    };
+
+    return backend;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    auto * dev_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *>(dev->context);
+
+    dev_ctx->buffer_type = ggml_backend_buffer_type{
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_interface,
+        /* .device  = */ dev,
+        /* .context = */ nullptr,
+    };
+
+    return &dev_ctx->buffer_type;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_opencl_device_buffer_from_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ptr);
+    GGML_UNUSED(size);
+    GGML_UNUSED(max_tensor_size);
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    return ggml_opencl_supports_op(dev, op);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    // Check 'dev' and 'buffer_type' are not objects belonging to this backend.
+    if (dev->iface.get_name != ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name ||
+        buft->iface.get_name != ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check cl_context is the same. clEnqueue* commands may not use
+    // buffers from another cl_context.
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx0 = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx1 = ggml_cl2_init(buft->device);
+    return backend_ctx0->context == backend_ctx1->context;
+}
+
+namespace /* anonymous */ {
+struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_opencl_device_i = {
+    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_init,
+    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_buffer_from_ptr,
+    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
+};
+}
+
+// Backend registry
 
-        if (!ggml_cl2_init(&found_devices.back())) {
-            found_devices.pop_back();
-            GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: drop unsupported device.\n");
-            continue;
-        }
+static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return "OpenCL";
 
-        dev_ctx.release();
-    }
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
 
-    if (found_devices.size()) {
-        auto * dev_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *>(found_devices.front().context);
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: default device: '%s (%s)'\n", dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(),
-                      dev_ctx->device_version.c_str());
+static size_t ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices.size();
 
-        if (dev_ctx->device_type != CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: warning, the default device is not a GPU: '%s'.\n",
-                          dev_ctx->device_name.c_str());
-        }
-    }
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
 
-    return found_devices;
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(index < ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_count(reg));
+
+    return &g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices[index];
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+    GGML_UNUSED(index);
 }
 
-// Initialize device if it is supported (returns nullptr if it is not).
-static ggml_backend_opencl_context * ggml_cl2_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(dev);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dev->context);
+static struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_opencl_reg_i = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_get_name,
+    /* .device_count     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_count,
+    /* .device_get       = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_get,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ NULL,
+};
 
-    ggml_backend_opencl_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *) dev->context;
-    GGML_ASSERT(dev_ctx->platform);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dev_ctx->device);
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_opencl_reg(void) {
+    static std::mutex mutex;
+    static ggml_backend_reg reg;
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
 
-    if (dev_ctx->backend_ctx) {
-        return dev_ctx->backend_ctx;
+    if (initialized) {
+        return &reg;
     }
+    initialized = true;
 
-    auto backend_ctx        = std::make_unique<ggml_backend_opencl_context>();
-    backend_ctx->device     = dev_ctx->device;
-    backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::UNKNOWN;
+    g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices = ggml_opencl_probe_devices(&reg);
 
-    if (strstr(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(), "Adreno") ||
-        strstr(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(), "Qualcomm") ||
-        strstr(dev_ctx->device_version.c_str(), "Adreno")) {
-        backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::ADRENO;
-        // Usually device version contains the detailed device name
-        backend_ctx->adreno_gen = get_adreno_gpu_gen(dev_ctx->device_version.c_str());
-        if (backend_ctx->adreno_gen == ADRENO_GPU_GEN::ADRENO_UNKNOWN) {
-            backend_ctx->adreno_gen = get_adreno_gpu_gen(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str());
-        }
+    reg = ggml_backend_reg{
+        /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+        /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_i,
+        /* .context     = */ NULL,
+    };
 
-        // Use wave size of 64 for all Adreno GPUs.
-        backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size = 64;
-    } else if (strstr(dev_ctx->device_name.c_str(), "Intel")) {
-        backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::INTEL;
-    } else {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Unsupported GPU: %s\n", dev_ctx->device_name.c_str());
-        backend_ctx->gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY::UNKNOWN;
-        return nullptr;
-    }
+    return &reg;
+}
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family != GPU_FAMILY::ADRENO) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: Adreno-specific kernels should not be enabled for non-Adreno GPUs; "
-            "run on an Adreno GPU or recompile with CMake option `-DGGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS=OFF`\n");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_opencl_reg)
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Debugging utils
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#if 0
+#define QK4_0 32
+typedef struct {
+    ggml_fp16_t d;          // delta
+    uint8_t qs[QK4_0 / 2];  // nibbles / quants
+} block_q4_0;
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_0) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_0 / 2,
+    "wrong q4_0 block size/padding");
+
+#include <math.h>
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include "half.hpp"
 #endif
 
-    // Populate backend device name
-    backend_ctx->device_name = dev_ctx->device_name;
+static void dump_tensor(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    void * buf = malloc(ggml_nbytes(tensor));
 
-    // A local ref of cl_device_id for convenience
-    cl_device_id device = backend_ctx->device;
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    void * buf_q;
+    void * buf_d;
+#endif
 
-    ggml_cl_version platform_version = get_opencl_platform_version(dev_ctx->platform);
+    // Make sure everything is done.
+    CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
 
-    // Check device OpenCL version, OpenCL 2.0 or above is required
-    ggml_cl_version opencl_c_version = get_opencl_c_version(platform_version, device);
-    if (opencl_c_version.major < 2) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: OpenCL 2.0 or above is required\n");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *) tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra);
 
-    // Check driver version
-    size_t driver_version_str_size;
-    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DRIVER_VERSION, 0, NULL, &driver_version_str_size);
-    char *driver_version = (char *)alloca(driver_version_str_size + 1);
-    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DRIVER_VERSION, driver_version_str_size, driver_version, NULL);
-    driver_version[driver_version_str_size] = '\0';
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: OpenCL driver: %s\n", driver_version);
-    backend_ctx->driver_version = driver_version;
+        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0 * QK4_0/2;
+        size_t size_d = ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0 * sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+        GGML_ASSERT(size_q + size_d == ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+        buf_q = malloc(size_q);
+        buf_d = malloc(size_d);
 
-    backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version = get_adreno_cl_compiler_version(driver_version);
-    backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast =
-        backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.major >= 47 ||
-        backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.major == 17;
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: vector subgroup broadcast support: %s\n",
-        backend_ctx->has_vector_subgroup_broadcast ? "true" : "false");
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->q, CL_TRUE, 0, size_q, buf_q, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->d, CL_TRUE, 0, size_d, buf_d, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
+    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4) {
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 *) tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra);
 
-    size_t ext_str_size;
-    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS, 0, NULL, &ext_str_size);
-    char *ext_buffer = (char *)alloca(ext_str_size + 1);
-    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS, ext_str_size, ext_buffer, NULL);
-    ext_buffer[ext_str_size] = '\0'; // ensure it is null terminated
-    // Check if ext_buffer contains cl_khr_fp16
-    backend_ctx->fp16_support = strstr(ext_buffer, "cl_khr_fp16") != NULL;
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: device FP16 support: %s\n", backend_ctx->fp16_support ? "true" : "false");
+        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK_MXFP4 * QK_MXFP4/2;
+        size_t size_e = ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK_MXFP4 * sizeof(char);
+        GGML_ASSERT(size_q + size_e == ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+        buf_q = malloc(size_q);
+        buf_d = malloc(size_e);
 
-    // fp16 is required
-    if (!backend_ctx->fp16_support) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: device does not support FP16\n");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->q, CL_TRUE, 0, size_q, buf_q, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->d, CL_TRUE, 0, size_e, buf_d, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
+    } else {
+        // Read out the tensor from GPU memory.
+        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
+        GGML_ASSERT(extra);
 
-    // If OpenCL 3.0 is supported, then check for cl_khr_subgroups, which becomes
-    // optional in OpenCL 3.0 (cl_khr_subgroup is mandatory in OpenCL 2.x)
-    if (opencl_c_version.major == 3 && strstr(ext_buffer, "cl_khr_subgroups") == NULL &&
-        strstr(ext_buffer, "cl_intel_subgroups") == NULL) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_opencl: device does not support subgroups (cl_khr_subgroups or cl_intel_subgroups) "
-            "(note that subgroups is an optional feature in OpenCL 3.0)\n");
-        return nullptr;
+        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE,
+        extra->offset, ggml_nbytes(tensor), buf, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
     }
+#else
+    // Read out the tensor from GPU memory.
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
+    GGML_ASSERT(extra);
 
-    cl_uint base_align_in_bits;
-    CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_MEM_BASE_ADDR_ALIGN, sizeof(cl_uint), &base_align_in_bits, NULL));
-    GGML_ASSERT(base_align_in_bits % 8u == 0);
-    backend_ctx->alignment = base_align_in_bits / 8u;
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: mem base addr align: %u\n", backend_ctx->alignment);
+    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE,
+        extra->offset, ggml_nbytes(tensor), buf, 0, NULL, NULL));
+    CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
 
-    clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_MAX_MEM_ALLOC_SIZE, sizeof(size_t), &backend_ctx->max_alloc_size, NULL);
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: max mem alloc size: %zu MB\n", backend_ctx->max_alloc_size/1024/1024);
+    // Open file and dump.
+    char fname[512];
+    snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "./tensor-dumps/%s.txt", tensor->name);
+    FILE * f = fopen(fname, "w");
+    if (!f) {
+        printf("Failed to open %s\n", fname);
+        return;
+    }
 
-    // Check SVM.
-    cl_device_svm_capabilities svm_caps;
-    CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_SVM_CAPABILITIES, sizeof(cl_device_svm_capabilities), &svm_caps, 0));
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM coarse grain buffer support: %s\n",
-        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_COARSE_GRAIN_BUFFER ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM fine grain buffer support: %s\n",
-        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_BUFFER ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM fine grain system support: %s\n",
-        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_SYSTEM ? "true" : "false");
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: SVM atomics support: %s\n",
-        svm_caps & CL_DEVICE_SVM_ATOMICS ? "true" : "false");
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        float * data = (float *) buf;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor); ++i) {
+            if (isnan(data[i])) {
+                printf("NaN found: %s\n", tensor->name);
+                break;
+            }
+            fprintf(f, "%f\n", data[i]);
+        }
+    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        int * data = (int *) buf;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor); ++i) {
+            if (isnan(data[i])) {
+                printf("NaN found: %s\n", tensor->name);
+                break;
+            }
+            fprintf(f, "%d\n", data[i]);
+        }
+    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+        half_float::half * data = (half_float::half *) buf;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor); ++i) {
+            if (std::isnan(data[i])) {
+                printf("NaN found: %s\n", tensor->name);
+                break;
+            }
+            fprintf(f, "%f\n", float(data[i]));
+        }
+#endif
+    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+        ggml_fp16_t * data_d = (ggml_fp16_t *)buf_d;
+        unsigned char * data_q = (unsigned char *)buf_q;
 
-    if (opencl_c_version.major >= 3) {
-        CL_CHECK(clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_NON_UNIFORM_WORK_GROUP_SUPPORT, sizeof(cl_bool),
-                                 &backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups, 0));
-    } else {
-        GGML_ASSERT(opencl_c_version.major == 2);
-        // Non-uniform workgroup sizes is mandatory feature in v2.x.
-        backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups = true;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0; ++i) {
+            fprintf(f, "%04x, ", data_d[i]);
+            for (int k = 0; k < QK4_0/2; ++k) {
+                fprintf(f, "%02x, ", data_q[k]);
+            }
+            fprintf(f, "\n");
+            data_q += QK4_0/2;
+        }
+        free(buf_d);
+        free(buf_q);
+#else
+        block_q4_0 * data = (block_q4_0 *) buf;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0; ++i) {
+            fprintf(f, "%04x, ", data[i].d);
+            for (int k = 0; k < QK4_0/2; ++k) {
+                fprintf(f, "%02x, ", data[i].qs[k]);
+            }
+            fprintf(f, "\n");
+        }
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
     }
+    free(buf);
+    fflush(f);
+    fclose(f);
+}
+#else
+#define dump_tensor(tensor)
+#endif
 
-    // Print out configurations
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: flattening quantized weights representation as struct of arrays (GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q)\n");
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Ops
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: using kernels optimized for Adreno (GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS)\n");
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+static bool ggml_cl_can_mul_mat(const struct ggml_tensor * src0, const struct ggml_tensor * src1, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const int64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
 
-    cl_int err;
+    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];
 
-    // A local ref of cl_context for convenience
-    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context = dev_ctx->context;
+    // TODO: find the optimal values for these
+    return (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) &&
+            src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+             dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+            (ne0 >= 32 && ne1 >= 32 && ne10 >= 32);
+}
 
-    //CL_CHECK((queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE, &err),
-    //    (err != CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES && err != CL_INVALID_VALUE ? err :
-    //    (queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, 0, &err), err)
-    //)));
-    cl_command_queue_properties command_queue_props = 0;
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    command_queue_props |= CL_QUEUE_PROFILING_ENABLE;
-#endif
-    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, command_queue_props, &err), err));
+// Copy a noncontiguous tensor to contiguous tensor. ne[] remains the same but
+// nb[] is recalculated such that tensor is contiguous.
+static void ggml_cl_copy_to_contiguous(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src, cl_mem dst,
+                                       cl_ulong &nb0, cl_ulong &nb1, cl_ulong &nb2, cl_ulong &nb3) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    // Load kernels
-    load_cl_kernels(backend_ctx.get(), opencl_c_version);
+    const int tensor_type_size = ggml_type_size(src->type);
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-    // Allocate intermediate buffers and images
-    size_t required_A_q_d_bytes = 311164928;
-    size_t required_A_s_d_bytes = 38895616;
-    size_t required_B_d_bytes = 45088768;
+    const int ne00 = src->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src->ne[3];
 
-    // Ensure buffer sizes do not exceed the maximum allocation size
-    size_t max_A_q_d_bytes = MIN(required_A_q_d_bytes, backend_ctx->max_alloc_size);
-    size_t max_A_s_d_bytes = MIN(required_A_s_d_bytes, backend_ctx->max_alloc_size);
-    size_t max_B_d_bytes   = MIN(required_B_d_bytes, backend_ctx->max_alloc_size);
-    if (required_A_q_d_bytes > backend_ctx->max_alloc_size) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: A_q_d buffer size reduced from %zu to %zu due to device limitations.\n",
-                      required_A_q_d_bytes, max_A_q_d_bytes);
-    }
-    if (required_A_s_d_bytes > backend_ctx->max_alloc_size) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: A_s_d buffer size reduced from %zu to %zu due to device limitations.\n",
-                      required_A_s_d_bytes, max_A_s_d_bytes);
-    }
-    if (required_B_d_bytes > backend_ctx->max_alloc_size) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_opencl: B_d buffer size reduced from %zu to %zu due to device limitations.\n",
-                      required_B_d_bytes, max_B_d_bytes);
-    }
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src->nb[3];
 
-    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->A_q_d_max = clCreateBuffer(context, 0, max_A_q_d_bytes, NULL, &err), err));
-    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->A_s_d_max = clCreateBuffer(context, 0, max_A_s_d_bytes, NULL, &err), err));
-    CL_CHECK((backend_ctx->B_d_max   = clCreateBuffer(context, 0, max_B_d_bytes,   NULL, &err), err));
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+    const int ne0 = src->ne[0];
+    const int ne1 = src->ne[1];
+    const int ne2 = src->ne[2];
+    const int ne3 = src->ne[3];
 
-    dev_ctx->backend_ctx = backend_ctx.release();
-    return dev_ctx->backend_ctx;
-}
+    nb0 = tensor_type_size;
+    nb1 = tensor_type_size*ne00;
+    nb2 = tensor_type_size*ne00*ne01;
+    nb3 = tensor_type_size*ne00*ne01*ne02;
 
-static void ggml_cl2_free(void) {
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    FILE * fperf = fopen("cl_profiling.csv", "w");
-    if (!fperf) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to open cl_profiling.csv\n");
-        return;
-    }
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src->extra;
 
-    // Populate profiling info
-    for (ProfilingInfo & info : g_profiling_info) {
-        cl_ulong cmd_queued;
-        cl_ulong cmd_submit;
-        cl_ulong cmd_start;
-        cl_ulong cmd_end;
-        cl_ulong cmd_complete;
-
-        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &info.evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
-            info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_QUEUED, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_queued, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
-            info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_SUBMIT, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_submit, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
-            info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_START, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_start, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
-            info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_END, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_end, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clGetEventProfilingInfo(
-            info.evt, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_COMPLETE, sizeof(cl_ulong), &cmd_complete, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseEvent(info.evt));
-
-        char kernel_name[512];
-        CL_CHECK(clGetKernelInfo(info.kernel, CL_KERNEL_FUNCTION_NAME,
-            sizeof(kernel_name), kernel_name, NULL));
-        info.kernel_name = kernel_name;
-
-        info.cmd_queued = cmd_queued;
-        info.cmd_submit = cmd_submit;
-        info.cmd_start  = cmd_start;
-        info.cmd_end    = cmd_end;
-
-        info.cmd_queued_duration_ns     = cmd_submit    - cmd_queued;
-        info.cmd_submit_duration_ns     = cmd_start     - cmd_submit;
-        info.cmd_duration_ns            = cmd_end       - cmd_start;
-        info.cmd_complete_duration_ns   = cmd_complete  - cmd_end;
-        info.cmd_total_duration_ns      = cmd_complete  - cmd_queued;
-    }
-
-    // Dump a csv
-    float total_kernel_time = 0;
-    fprintf(fperf, "op name, kernel name, queued duration (ms), submit duration(ms), exec duration (ms), complete duration (ms), total duration (ms), global size, local size, output size\n");
-    for (const ProfilingInfo & info : g_profiling_info) {
-        total_kernel_time += info.cmd_duration_ns/1.e6f;
-        fprintf(fperf, "%s,%s,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%zux%zux%zu,%zux%zux%zu,%zux%zux%zux%zu\n",
-            info.op_name.c_str(), info.kernel_name.c_str(),
-            info.cmd_queued_duration_ns/1.e6f,
-            info.cmd_submit_duration_ns/1.e6f,
-            info.cmd_duration_ns/1.e6f,
-            info.cmd_complete_duration_ns/1.e6f,
-            info.cmd_total_duration_ns/1.e6f,
-            info.global_size[0], info.global_size[1], info.global_size[2],
-            info.local_size[0], info.local_size[1], info.local_size[2],
-            info.output_size[0], info.output_size[1], info.output_size[2], info.output_size[3]);
-    }
-    fclose(fperf);
-
-    GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_opencl: total kernel time: %f\n", total_kernel_time);
-
-    // Dump a simple chrome trace
-    FILE* ftrace = fopen("cl_trace.json", "w");
-    if (!ftrace) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to open cl_trace.json\n");
-        return;
-    }
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra->offset + src->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = 0;
 
-    fprintf(ftrace, "[\n");
-    for (const ProfilingInfo & info : g_profiling_info) {
-        fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"B\", \"ts\": %lu, \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Host\"},\n",
-            info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_queued/1000);
-        fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"E\", \"ts\": %lu, \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Host\"},\n",
-            info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_submit/1000);
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-        fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"B\", \"ts\": %lu, \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Device\"},\n",
-            info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_start/1000);
-        fprintf(ftrace, "{\"name\": \"%s\", \"cat\": \"OpenCL\", \"ph\": \"E\", \"ts\": %lu, \"pid\": \"\", \"tid\": \"Device\"},\n",
-            info.kernel_name.c_str(), info.cmd_end/1000);
+    switch (src->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f32_f32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f16_f16;
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
     }
-    fclose(ftrace);
-#endif
-}
 
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Tensor extra management
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl {
-    // The buffer object that holds the data.
-    cl_mem data_device;
-    // The offset into the buffer object. This is primarily for scratch buffer
-    // and view operation.
-    // NB: this offset no longer includes view offset (view_offs). Whenever this
-    // offset is used, view_offs should be considered.
-    cl_ulong offset;
-    // The actual size of the cl_mem object. This is needed when returning the
-    // block to the pool.
-    size_t actual_size;
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &dst));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
 
-    void reset() {
-        data_device = nullptr;
-        offset = 0;
-        actual_size = 0;
-    }
-};
+    const int nth = MIN(64, ne00);
 
-// Additional tensor extra structs for quantized tensors.
-// These tensors are loaded from files and should not be allocated in scratch --
-// they should always be allocated from the pool. Hence, they do not have an
-// `offset`, which indicate their locations in the scratch buffer.
-struct ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 {
-    // Quantized values.
-    cl_mem q = nullptr;
-    // Quantized values in image1d_buffer_t.
-    cl_mem q_img = nullptr;
-    // Scales.
-    cl_mem d = nullptr;
-    // Scales in image1d_buffer_t.
-    cl_mem d_img = nullptr;
-    // Size of quantized values.
-    size_t size_q = 0;
-    // Size of scales.
-    size_t size_d = 0;
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-    ~ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0() {
-        reset();
-    }
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, src);
+}
 
-    void reset() {
-        // q and d are subbuffers into the bigger buffer allocated in ggml_backend_buffer.
-        // They must be properly released so that the original buffer can be
-        // properly released to avoid memory leak.
-        if (q != nullptr) {
-            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q));
-            q = nullptr;
-        }
-        if (d != nullptr) {
-            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d));
-            d = nullptr;
-        }
-        // Currently, q_img and d_img are only initialized when SMALL_ALLOC is
-        // enabled. They point to the images in ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context.
-        // So, there is no need to release them here.
-        // TODO: initialize them for non SMALL_PATH path, or remove them.
-        q_img = nullptr;
-        d_img = nullptr;
-        size_q = 0;
-        size_d = 0;
-    }
-};
+static void ggml_cl_nop(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    UNUSED(backend);
+    UNUSED(src0);
+    UNUSED(src1);
+    UNUSED(dst);
+}
 
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Backend API
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void ggml_cl_get_rows(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-//
-// backend
-//
-static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return "OpenCL";
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne1, src1, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb1, src1, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne,  dst,  ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb,  dst,  nb);
 
-    UNUSED(backend);
-}
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    ggml_cl2_free();
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-}
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-    GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
-    GGML_UNUSED(data);
-    GGML_UNUSED(offset);
-    GGML_UNUSED(size);
-}
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-    GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
-    GGML_UNUSED(data);
-    GGML_UNUSED(offset);
-    GGML_UNUSED(size);
-}
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_get_rows_f32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_get_rows_f16;
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_get_rows_q4_0;
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
+    }
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+
+    int max_workgroup_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+    int nth = 1;
+    while (nth < ne00 && 2*nth <= max_workgroup_size) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne10*nth, (size_t)ne11, (size_t)ne12};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-static bool ggml_backend_opencl_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-    return false;
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    auto * backend_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_context *>(backend->context);
+static void ggml_cl_set_rows(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
 
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueBarrierWithWaitList(backend_ctx->queue, 0, nullptr, &evt));
-    CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
-    CL_CHECK(clReleaseEvent(evt));
-}
+    // ne0 = ne00
+    // ne2 = ne02
+    // ne3 = ne03
 
-// Syncronizes the 'backend_ctx's device with others so that commands
-// enqueued to it won't start until commands in the other devices have
-// completed.
-static void sync_with_other_backends(ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx) {
-    if (g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices.size() < 2)
-      return; // No other devices to synchronize with.
+    const int      ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int      ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int      ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    std::vector<cl_event> events;
-    events.reserve(g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices.size());
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-    for (ggml_backend_device & backend_dev : g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices) {
-        auto * other_backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(&backend_dev);
-        if (backend_ctx != other_backend_ctx) {
-            cl_event ev;
-            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueMarkerWithWaitList(other_backend_ctx->queue, 0, nullptr, &ev));
-            CL_CHECK(clFlush(other_backend_ctx->queue));
-            events.push_back(ev);
-        }
-    }
+    const int      ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int      ne12 = src1->ne[2];
 
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueBarrierWithWaitList(backend_ctx->queue, events.size(), events.data(), nullptr));
-    for (auto ev : events) {
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseEvent(ev));
-    }
-}
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
 
-static void sync_with_other_backends(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    auto * backend_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_context *>(backend->context);
-    sync_with_other_backends(backend_ctx);
-}
+    const int      ne0  = dst->ne[0];
 
-static ggml_status ggml_backend_opencl_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-        ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
 
-        // NOTE: this may oversynchronize by synchronizing with
-        //       backends/devices which don't compute 'cgraph's
-        //       dependencies.
-        sync_with_other_backends(backend);
+    const int nblk0 = ne0/ggml_blck_size(dst->type);
 
-        if (node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
-            continue;
-        }
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-        bool ok = ggml_cl_compute_forward(backend, node);
-        if (!ok) {
-            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: op not supported %s (%s)\n", __func__, node->name, ggml_op_name(node->op));
-        }
-        GGML_ASSERT(ok);
-    }
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
-}
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-static bool ggml_opencl_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    switch (op->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_NONE:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                    return true;
-                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-                    // We do not support flattened Q4_0 (and possibly other Q's)
-                    return false;
-#else // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-                    return true;
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-        case GGML_OP_CPY:
-        case GGML_OP_DUP:
-        case GGML_OP_CONT:
-            switch (op->src[0]->type) {
-                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                    switch (op->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                            return true;
-                        default:
-                            return false;
-                    }
-                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                    switch (op->type) {
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                            return true;
-                        default:
-                            return false;
-                    }
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-        case GGML_OP_ADD:
-        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-        case GGML_OP_MUL:
-        case GGML_OP_DIV:
-        case GGML_OP_SUB:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
-                   return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
-                   return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
-                          (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-                default:
-                    return false;
-            }
-        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-        case GGML_OP_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32; // Assuming F32 for now, can be expanded
-        case GGML_OP_PAD:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
-                   op->src[0]->ne[3] == 1 && op->ne[3] == 1;
-        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-            if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                return true;
-            } else if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                return op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-            } else if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ||
-                       op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
-                return op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
-            }
-            return false;
-        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
-            if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-                if (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
-                }
-            }
-            return false;
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-            return op->ne[3] == 1;
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
-            const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
-            const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
-            const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
-            if (is_mrope && !is_vision) {
-                if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
-                    op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                return false;
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f32_i64;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f32_i32;
             }
-            if (is_vision) {
-                if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
-                    op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                return false;
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f16_i64;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_set_rows_f16_i32;
             }
-            return true;
-        }
-        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-            return true;
-        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+            break;
         default:
-            return false;
+            GGML_ABORT("not implemented");
+    }
+
+    fastdiv_vals ne11_ = init_fastdiv_values(ne11);
+    fastdiv_vals ne12_ = init_fastdiv_values(ne12);
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(fastdiv_vals), &ne11_));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(fastdiv_vals), &ne12_));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &nblk0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+
+    int nth0 = 64;
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+        nth0 = 32;
+    } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+        nth0 = 64;
+    }
+
+    int max_workgroup_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+    while (nth0 < nblk0 && nth0 < max_workgroup_size) {
+        nth0 *= 2;
+    }
+
+    int rows_per_workgroup = 1;
+    if (nth0 > nblk0) {
+        rows_per_workgroup = nth0 / nblk0;
+        nth0 = nblk0;
     }
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {
+        (size_t)(ne01 + rows_per_workgroup - 1)/rows_per_workgroup*nth0,
+        (size_t)ne02*rows_per_workgroup,
+        (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, (size_t)rows_per_workgroup, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-// Forward declaration - implementation appears later in the file.
-static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type);
+static void ggml_cl_add(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
+    const int ne13 = src1->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
 
-static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_opencl_guid() {
-    static ggml_guid guid = { 0xde, 0xe0, 0x70, 0xa2, 0x73, 0x4e, 0x4d, 0xbc, 0xb0, 0xc7, 0x4f, 0xd4, 0x6d, 0x4e, 0x90, 0xfe };
-    return &guid;
-}
+    const int ne0  = dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1  = dst->ne[1];
+    const int ne2  = dst->ne[2];
+    const int ne3  = dst->ne[3];
 
-static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_opencl_i = {
-    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_opencl_name,
-    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_opencl_free,
-    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  /* ggml_backend_opencl_set_tensor_async */
-    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  /* ggml_backend_opencl_get_tensor_async */
-    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  /* ggml_backend_opencl_cpy_tensor_async */
-    /* .synchronize             = */ ggml_backend_opencl_synchronize,
-    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
-    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_graph_compute,
-    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
-};
+    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
 
-ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_opencl_init(void) {
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_opencl_reg(), 0);
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_opencl_i,
-        /* .device    = */ dev,
-        /* .context   = */ backend_ctx
-    };
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    return backend;
-}
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-bool ggml_backend_is_opencl(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return backend && backend->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_opencl_name;
-}
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-//
-// buffer
-//
-struct ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context {
-    // A buffer context can hold multiple cl_mem objects. This is for flattening
-    // quantized weights and should be used with GGML_OPENCL_SMALL_ALLOC where
-    // each tensor is allocated a separate buffer. When flattening is enabled
-    // with small allocation, each tensor is backed by two cl_mem objects (for
-    // quants and scales) packed into a backend_opencl_buffer.
-    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context(cl_mem buf)
-        : name("OpenCL") {
-        buffer.push_back(buf);
-    }
+    const bool bcast_row = ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0;
 
-    ~ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context() {
-        for (cl_mem buf : buffer) {
-            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buf));
-        }
-        for (cl_mem im : img) {
-            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(im));
-        }
+    if (bcast_row) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
+    }
 
-        // Delete all extras to trigger their destructors
-        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl * e : temp_tensor_extras) {
-            delete e;
-        }
-        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl * e : temp_tensor_extras_in_use) {
-            delete e;
-        }
-        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q4_0) {
-            delete e;
+    if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        if (bcast_row) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_add_row;
+            const int ne = ne00 / 4;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_add;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 28, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 29, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
         }
-        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use) {
-            delete e;
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        const int type_src0 = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        const int type_src1 = (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        if (bcast_row) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_add_row_f16;
+            const int ne = ne00 / 4;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(int),      &type_src0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int),      &type_src1));
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_add_f16;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 28, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 29, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 30, sizeof(int),      &type_src0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 31, sizeof(int),      &type_src1));
         }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "unsupported data types for add");
     }
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra() {
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra;
-        if (temp_tensor_extras.empty()) {
-            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl();
-        } else {
-            extra = temp_tensor_extras.back();
-            temp_tensor_extras.pop_back();
+    if (bcast_row) {
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+        if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+            local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
         }
 
-        temp_tensor_extras_in_use.push_back(extra);
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 1, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
+    } else {
+        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
 
-        extra->reset();
-        return extra;
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     }
+}
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q4_0() {
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra;
-        if (temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.empty()) {
-            extra = new ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0();
-        } else {
-            extra = temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.back();
-            temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.pop_back();
-        }
+static void ggml_cl_add_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-        temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use.push_back(extra);
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+    GGML_ASSERT(src2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src2->extra);
 
-        extra->reset();
-        return extra;
-    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src2->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    void reset() {
-        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl * e : temp_tensor_extras_in_use) {
-            temp_tensor_extras.push_back(e);
-        }
-        temp_tensor_extras_in_use.clear();
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0));
 
-        for (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * e : temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use) {
-            temp_tensor_extras_q4_0.push_back(e);
-        }
-        temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use.clear();
-    }
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
 
-    // Pools for extras. Available extras are in `temp_tensor_extras`. Extras
-    // being used are in `temp_tensor_extras_in_use`. At the first run, new
-    // extras get created and put in `in_use`. When the buffer is reset via
-    // the `reset` callback, all extras in `in_use` get moved to available extras
-    // for reuse.
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl *> temp_tensor_extras;
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl *> temp_tensor_extras_in_use;
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *> temp_tensor_extras_q4_0;
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *> temp_tensor_extras_q4_0_in_use;
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
 
-    // The buffer_context is initially created by ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer
-    // before any tensor is initialized (at the beginning of alloc_tensor_range).
-    // Hence, there is alway a buffer object in this vector. When each tensor is
-    // being initialized, this original buffer object will be released if both
-    // flattening and small allocation are enabled, and additional buffer
-    // objects will be created in init_tensor to represent flattened quantized
-    // weights.
-    std::vector<cl_mem> buffer;
-    // These are image1d_buffer_t objects that wrap around the quants and scales.
-    // For Q4_0 quantization, there should be two of them - one for quants and
-    // one for scales. They should be populated only when flattening and small
-    // allocation are enabled.
-    std::vector<cl_mem> img;
-    std::string name;
-};
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
-    delete ctx;
+    const cl_ulong nb21 = src2->nb[1];
+
+    const int ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra2 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src2->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset2 = extra2->offset + src2->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_add_id;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra2->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+
+    int nth = MIN(ne00, (int) backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel));
+    size_t global_work_size[] = { (size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, 1 };
+    size_t local_work_size[] = { (size_t)nth, 1, 1 };
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-static void * ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
-    return (void *) (uintptr_t) backend_ctx->alignment;
-}
+static void ggml_cl_mul(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
+    const int ne13 = src1->ne[3]; UNUSED(ne13);
+
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3]; UNUSED(nb13);
+
+    const int ne0  = dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1  = dst->ne[1];
+    const int ne2  = dst->ne[2];
+    const int ne3  = dst->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    if (tensor->view_src != nullptr) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer->buft == buffer->buft);
+    bool bcast_row = false;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * view_extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->view_src->extra;
-        GGML_ASSERT(view_extra && "view_extra is nullptr?");
+    if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
-        // Reuse extra of the parent tensor. The offset of this view tensor
-        // becomes `extra->offset + view_offs` and needs to be calculated when
-        // it is used. This changes is needed because of the change to
-        // ggml_alloc.c in https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/7640.
-        // `buffer` passed in here will always be `tensor->buffer`. It is OK
-        // to allocate extras from the same buffer context for ordinary
-        // intermediate tensors. But for views into kv cache tensors, doing so
-        // would mess up the extras used by kv cache.
-        // Before #7640, `buffer` is for intermediate tensors, which is always
-        // different from that of kv cache tensors.
-        //
-        // NB: now extra->offset no longer accounts for view_offs.
-        // NB: this should not apply to weight tensors (for end-to-end runs, but
-        //     may apply for test-backend-ops).
-        // FIXME: if any unexpected results are seen, double check the offset -
-        // there could be other places that need fix.
-        tensor->extra = view_extra;
-    } else {
-        {
-            size_t offset = (char *) tensor->data - (char *) ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_base(buffer);
+        // src1 is a row
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
 
-            ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra();
-            extra->offset = offset;
-            extra->data_device = ctx->buffer[0];
-            extra->actual_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+        bcast_row = true;
+        int ne = ne00 / 4;
 
-            tensor->extra = extra;
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_row;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_row_f16;
         }
-    }
-    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// The optimized gemm and gemv kernels are used for large matrices without batch.
-// tensor is the quantized weights matrix.
-inline bool use_adreno_kernels(const ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx, const ggml_tensor *tensor) {
-    int64_t threshold_ne0 = 512;
-    int64_t threshold_ne1 = 512;
-    if (!backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.newer_than_or_same(E031, 38, 11, 0) &&
-         backend_ctx->adreno_cl_compiler_version.type != DX) {
-        threshold_ne0 = 128;
-        threshold_ne1 = 128;
-    }
-    return tensor->ne[0] >= threshold_ne0 && tensor->ne[1] >= threshold_ne1 &&
-            tensor->ne[2] == 1 && tensor->ne[3] == 1;
-}
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
+    } else {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_f16;
+        }
 
-    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 28, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 29, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+    }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-    // We separate the quantized bits and scale from block_q4_0 by using an
-    // additional kernel, where each thread handles a block. We first read the
-    // original weights into a temporary buffer, then create two separate
-    // buffers for quantized bits and scales, which are then populated by the
-    // conversion kernel.
-    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-        // Tensors should have been preallocated, therefore they should
-        // already have ggml_tensor_extra_cl as extra.
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_orig = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)tensor->extra;
-        GGML_ASSERT(extra_orig && "Tesnors in OpenCL backend should have been allocated and initialized");
+    if (bcast_row) {
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-        // Allocate the new extra and create aliases from the original.
-        ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra = ctx->ggml_opencl_alloc_temp_tensor_extra_q4_0();
+        size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+        if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+            local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
+        }
 
-        size_t size_d = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
-        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)*ggml_blck_size(tensor->type)/2;
-        GGML_ASSERT(size_d + size_q == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "Incorrect tensor size");
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
+    } else {
+        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
 
-        cl_int err;
-        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
-            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
-            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, 0,
-            ggml_nbytes(tensor), data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
+}
 
-        // We consider the specified offset arg as always, although For weights
-        // the offset arg should be 0 (we do not assert this).
-        //GGML_ASSERT(offset == 0);
+static void ggml_cl_div(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-        // We create subbuffers from the original tensor buffer for scales and
-        // quants - i.e., scales and quants are aliases into the buffer obejct
-        // that backs the original tensor. This is a cleaner way to adapt to the
-        // new memory management.
-        // In the old code, we allocate new buffers for scales and quants
-        // respectively, which could still be done but would result in double
-        // allocation; properly deallocating the preallocated buffer that backs
-        // the tensors is tricky and would leak the backend specific information
-        // into the general backend code.
-        // Does this create misaligned subbuffers (alignment is 1024) in certain
-        // cases ?
-        cl_buffer_region region;
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
-        // The original tensor memory is divided into scales and quants, i.e.,
-        // we first store scales, then quants.
-        // Create subbuffer for scales.
-        region.origin = align_to(extra_orig->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset, backend_ctx->alignment);
-        region.size = size_d;
-        extra->d = clCreateSubBuffer(
-            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
-            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
-        auto previous_origin = region.origin;
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-        // Create subbuffer for quants.
-        region.origin = align_to(previous_origin + size_d, backend_ctx->alignment);
-        region.size = size_q;
-        extra->q = clCreateSubBuffer(
-            extra_orig->data_device, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
-            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-        //cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0;
-    #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0;
+    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
+    const int ne13 = src1->ne[3];
 
-        // The optimized kernels need weights in natural order, so unshuffle.
-        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
-            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0_noshuffle;
-        }
-    #else
-        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_convert_block_q4_0;
-    #endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
 
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+    const int ne0  = dst->ne[0];
 
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
+    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
 
-        tensor->extra = extra;
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-        // transpose the weights and scales
-    #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
-        // Only do transpose for large, non batched matrix
-        // TODO: use preallocated images instead of sub-buffer then image
-        if (use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, tensor)) {
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        // start transpose
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        int M = tensor->ne[1];   // ne01
-        int K = tensor->ne[0];   // ne00
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-        //For matrix-vector multiplication kernel, we assume K is a multiple of 32
-        GGML_ASSERT(K % 32 == 0);
-        //For transpose kernels, we assume K is a multiple of 4 (satisfied by prior assert), and M is a multiple of 4
-        GGML_ASSERT(M % 4 == 0);
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-        // transpose is out of place, so we need to allocate transposed buffers
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        // use sub_buffer of max buffer size instead
+    bool bcast_row = false;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-        size_t q_size_bytes = K * M / 8 * sizeof(float);
-        cl_buffer_region region;
-        region.origin = 0;
-        region.size = q_size_bytes;
-        cl_mem qT_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
-            backend_ctx->A_q_d_max,
-            0,
-            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
-            &region,
-            &err);
-        // cl_mem qT_d = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE, q_size_bytes, NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
+    if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
-        // size_t d_size_bytes = M * (K / 32) / 2 * sizeof(float);
-        size_t d_size_bytes = M * (K / 32) * 2;
-        region.origin = 0;
-        region.size = d_size_bytes;
-        cl_mem dT_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
-            backend_ctx->A_s_d_max,
-            0,
-            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
-            &region,
-            &err);
-        // cl_mem dT_d = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE, d_size_bytes, NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
+        // src1 is a row
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
 
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+        bcast_row = true;
+        int ne = ne00 / 4;
 
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_div_row;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_div_row_f16;
+        }
 
-        // create images from the buffers
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        cl_mem q_d_image1D;
-        cl_mem d_d_image1D;
-        cl_mem qT_d_image1D;
-        cl_mem dT_d_image1D;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
+    } else {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_div;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_div_f16;
+        }
 
-        cl_image_format img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
-        cl_image_desc img_desc_1d;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+    }
 
-        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
-        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
-        img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 4 / 4;
-        img_desc_1d.buffer = extra->q;
-        q_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
+    if (bcast_row) {
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-        img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
-        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
-        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
-        img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 4 / 4;
-        img_desc_1d.buffer = qT_d;
-        qT_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    } else {
+        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
 
-        img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
-        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
-        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
-        img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32 / 4;
-        img_desc_1d.buffer = extra->d;
-        d_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
+}
 
-        img_fmt_1d = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT };
-        memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
-        img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
-        img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32 / 4;
-        img_desc_1d.buffer = dT_d;
-        dT_d_image1D = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+static void ggml_cl_sub(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-        // set up and call the transpose kernels
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        // weights
-        int height_q = M / 4;
-        int width_q = K / 4 / 4;
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16;
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &q_d_image1D));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &qT_d_image1D));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int),    &height_q));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int),    &width_q));
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-        size_t local_size_q[3] = {4, 16, 1};
-        size_t global_size_q[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(width_q), static_cast<size_t>(height_q), 1};
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_size_q, local_size_q, 0, NULL, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-        // scales
-        int height_s = M / 4;
-        int width_s = K / 32 / 4;
+    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
+    const int ne13 = src1->ne[3];
 
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_16;
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &d_d_image1D));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &dT_d_image1D));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int), &height_s));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int), &width_s));
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
 
-        size_t local_size_s[3] = {4, 16, 1};
-        size_t global_size_s[3] = {static_cast<size_t>(width_s), static_cast<size_t>(height_s), 1};
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_size_s, local_size_s, 0, NULL, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+    const int ne0  = dst->ne[0];
 
-        // copy transposed buffer contents to original buffers
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        // weights
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, qT_d, extra->q, 0, 0, q_size_bytes, 0, NULL, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
+    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
 
-        // scales
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, dT_d, extra->d, 0, 0, d_size_bytes, 0, NULL, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-        // deallocate transpose buffers
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(qT_d));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(dT_d));
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-        // deallocate temporary images
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q_d_image1D));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(d_d_image1D));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(qT_d_image1D));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(dT_d_image1D));
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        // end transpose
-        // <----------------------------------------------------------------------------------> //
-        }
-    #endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-        return;
-    }
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    bool bcast_row = false;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
-    GGML_ASSERT(extra);
+    if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
-        queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE, extra->offset + offset,
-        size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+        // src1 is a row
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
+        bcast_row = true;
+        int ne = ne00 / 4;
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(tensor->extra);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sub_row;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sub_row_f16;
+        }
 
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer->buft->device);
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
+    } else {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sub;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sub_f16;
+        }
 
-    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+    }
+
+    if (bcast_row) {
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-    // Make sure all previously submitted commands in other devices are finished.
-    sync_with_other_backends(backend_ctx);
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    } else {
+        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-    // In end-to-end runs, get_tensor is usually used to get back the logits,
-    // where we can simply do clEnqueueReadBuffer since they are f32.
-    // However, in test-backend-ops, the GPU graph is copied to the CPU backend,
-    // which requires reading back quantized weight tensors.
-    // To properly support this, we need to restore block_q4_0 struct arrays
-    // from the flattened buffers.
-    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *)tensor->extra;
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
+}
 
-        cl_int err;
-        cl_mem data_device = clCreateBuffer(context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE,
-            ggml_nbytes(tensor), NULL, &err);
-        CL_CHECK(err);
+static void ggml_cl_sqr(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
-        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_restore_block_q4_0;
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->q));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra->d));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &data_device));
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ggml_nelements(tensor)/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type), 1, 1};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL,
-            global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clWaitForEvents(1, &evt));
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
-            queue, data_device, CL_TRUE, offset,
-            size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(data_device));
-        return;
-    }
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(
-        queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE, extra->offset + tensor->view_offs + offset,
-        size, data, 0, NULL, NULL));
+    // Currently assumes src0 is contiguous
+    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    if (n % 4 == 0) {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f32_4;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f16_4;
+        }
+        n /= 4;
+    } else {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f32;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqr_cont_f16;
+        }
+    }
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-}
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = buffer->buft->device;
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
-    for (cl_mem buf : ctx->buffer) {
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueFillBuffer(queue, buf, &value, sizeof(value), 0, buffer->size, 0, NULL, NULL));
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
     }
-    CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
-}
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_reset(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
-    ctx->reset();
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_interface = {
-    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_free_buffer,
-    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_base,
-    /* .init_tensor     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_init_tensor,
-    /* .memset_tensor   = */ NULL,
-    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_set_tensor,
-    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_get_tensor,
-    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ NULL,
-    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_clear,
-    /* .reset           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_reset,
-};
-
-//
-// buffer type
-//
+static void ggml_cl_sqrt(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
-static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
-    return "OpenCL";
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer_type);
-}
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type, size_t size) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer_type->device);
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    // clCreateBuffer returns -61 for size 0
-    size = std::max(size, (size_t)1);
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    cl_int err;
-    cl_mem mem = clCreateBuffer(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE, size, NULL, &err);
-    if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: failed to allocate %.2f MiB\n", __func__, size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
-        return nullptr;
+    // Currently assumes src0 is contiguous
+    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    if (n % 4 == 0) {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f32_4;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f16_4;
+        }
+        n /= 4;
+    } else {
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f32;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sqrt_cont_f16;
+        }
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_context(mem);
-
-    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buffer_type, ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_interface, ctx, size);
-}
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
 
-static size_t ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer_type->device);
-    return backend_ctx->alignment;
-}
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-static size_t ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buffer_type) {
-    static size_t max_size = -1;
-    if (max_size == (size_t)-1) {
-        ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(buffer_type->device);
-        max_size = backend_ctx->max_alloc_size;
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
     }
-    return max_size;
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static bool ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_supports_backend(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    return ggml_backend_is_opencl(backend);
+static void ggml_cl_mean(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
 
-    UNUSED(buft);
-}
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(src0->type));
 
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_interface = {
-    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name,
-    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
-    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_alignment,
-    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_max_size,
-    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ NULL,
-    /* .is_host          = */ NULL,
-};
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-//
-// backend device
-//
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return "GPUOpenCL";
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *) dev->context;
-    return dev_ctx->device_name.c_str();
-}
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
-    *free = 1;
-    *total = 1;
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
+    const bool is_c4 = ne00 % 4 == 0;
+    if (is_c4) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mean_f32_4;
+    } else {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mean_f32;
+    }
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-}
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {64 * (size_t)ne01, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)64, 1, 1};
 
-static void ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
-    props->name        = ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name(dev);
-    props->description = ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_description(dev);
-    props->type        = ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_type(dev);
-    ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
-    props->caps = ggml_backend_dev_caps {
-        /* .async                 = */ false,
-        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
-        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
-        /* .events                = */ false,
-    };
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_opencl_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
-
-    ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_opencl_i,
-        /* .device    = */ dev,
-        /* .context   = */ backend_ctx,
-    };
+static void ggml_cl_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-    return backend;
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(params);
-}
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    auto * dev_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *>(dev->context);
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    dev_ctx->buffer_type = ggml_backend_buffer_type{
-        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_interface,
-        /* .device  = */ dev,
-        /* .context = */ nullptr,
-    };
+    int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
 
-    return &dev_ctx->buffer_type;
-}
+    int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
 
-static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_opencl_device_buffer_from_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
-    GGML_UNUSED(ptr);
-    GGML_UNUSED(size);
-    GGML_UNUSED(max_tensor_size);
-    return nullptr;
-}
+    int ne1  = dst->ne[1];
+    int ne2  = dst->ne[2];
+    cl_ulong nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    cl_ulong nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    cl_ulong nb2 = dst->nb[2];
 
-static bool ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
-    return ggml_opencl_supports_op(dev, op);
-}
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32;
 
-static bool ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    // Check 'dev' and 'buffer_type' are not objects belonging to this backend.
-    if (dev->iface.get_name != ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name ||
-        buft->iface.get_name != ggml_backend_opencl_buffer_type_get_name) {
-        return false;
+    if (ne10 % 4 == 0) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_4;
     }
 
-    // Check cl_context is the same. clEnqueue* commands may not use
-    // buffers from another cl_context.
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx0 = ggml_cl2_init(dev);
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context * backend_ctx1 = ggml_cl2_init(buft->device);
-    return backend_ctx0->context == backend_ctx1->context;
-}
-
-namespace /* anonymous */ {
-struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_opencl_device_i = {
-    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_name,
-    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_description,
-    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_memory,
-    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_type,
-    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_props,
-    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_init,
-    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_get_buffer_type,
-    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
-    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_buffer_from_ptr,
-    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_op,
-    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_opencl_device_supports_buft,
-    /* .offload_op           = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
-};
-}
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
 
-// Backend registry
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01, (size_t)ne1, (size_t)ne2};
+    size_t local_work_size[]  = {64, 1, 1};
 
-static const char * ggml_backend_opencl_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return "OpenCL";
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (ne01 % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
+    }
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static size_t ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices.size();
+static void ggml_cl_gelu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-}
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
-static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(index < ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_count(reg));
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    return &g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices[index];
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-    GGML_UNUSED(index);
-}
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-static struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_opencl_reg_i = {
-    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_get_name,
-    /* .device_count     = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_count,
-    /* .device_get       = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_device_get,
-    /* .get_proc_address = */ NULL,
-};
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_opencl_reg(void) {
-    static std::mutex mutex;
-    static ggml_backend_reg reg;
-    static bool initialized = false;
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
 
-    if (initialized) {
-        return &reg;
+    if (n % 4 == 0) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_4;
+        n /= 4;
+    } else {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu;
     }
-    initialized = true;
 
-    g_ggml_backend_opencl_devices = ggml_opencl_probe_devices(&reg);
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
 
-    reg = ggml_backend_reg{
-        /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
-        /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_opencl_reg_i,
-        /* .context     = */ NULL,
-    };
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-    return &reg;
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_opencl_reg)
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Debugging utils
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#if 0
-#define QK4_0 32
-typedef struct {
-    ggml_fp16_t d;          // delta
-    uint8_t qs[QK4_0 / 2];  // nibbles / quants
-} block_q4_0;
-static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_0) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_0 / 2,
-    "wrong q4_0 block size/padding");
-
-#include <math.h>
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#include "half.hpp"
-#endif
+static void ggml_cl_gelu_erf(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-static void dump_tensor(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    void * buf = malloc(ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-    void * buf_q;
-    void * buf_d;
-#endif
 
-    // Make sure everything is done.
-    CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *) tensor->extra;
-        GGML_ASSERT(extra);
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-        size_t size_q = ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0 * QK4_0/2;
-        size_t size_d = ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0 * sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
-        GGML_ASSERT(size_q + size_d == ggml_nbytes(tensor));
-        buf_q = malloc(size_q);
-        buf_d = malloc(size_d);
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->q, CL_TRUE, 0, size_q, buf_q, 0, NULL, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->d, CL_TRUE, 0, size_d, buf_d, 0, NULL, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
-    } else {
-        // Read out the tensor from GPU memory.
-        ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
-        GGML_ASSERT(extra);
+    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
 
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE,
-        extra->offset, ggml_nbytes(tensor), buf, 0, NULL, NULL));
-        CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
+    if (n % 4 == 0) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_erf_4;
+        n /= 4;
+    } else {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_erf;
     }
-#else
-    // Read out the tensor from GPU memory.
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *) tensor->extra;
-    GGML_ASSERT(extra);
 
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(queue, extra->data_device, CL_TRUE,
-        extra->offset, ggml_nbytes(tensor), buf, 0, NULL, NULL));
-    CL_CHECK(clFinish(queue));
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
 
-    // Open file and dump.
-    char fname[512];
-    sprintf(fname, "./tensor-dumps/%s.txt", tensor->name);
-    FILE * f = fopen(fname, "w");
-    if (!f) {
-        printf("Failed to open %s\n", fname);
-        return;
-    }
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        float * data = (float *) buf;
-        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor); ++i) {
-            if (isnan(data[i])) {
-                printf("NaN found: %s\n", tensor->name);
-                break;
-            }
-            fprintf(f, "%f\n", data[i]);
-        }
-    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
-        int * data = (int *) buf;
-        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor); ++i) {
-            if (isnan(data[i])) {
-                printf("NaN found: %s\n", tensor->name);
-                break;
-            }
-            fprintf(f, "%d\n", data[i]);
-        }
-    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-        half_float::half * data = (half_float::half *) buf;
-        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor); ++i) {
-            if (std::isnan(data[i])) {
-                printf("NaN found: %s\n", tensor->name);
-                break;
-            }
-            fprintf(f, "%f\n", float(data[i]));
-        }
-#endif
-    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-        ggml_fp16_t * data_d = (ggml_fp16_t *)buf_d;
-        unsigned char * data_q = (unsigned char *)buf_q;
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    UNUSED(src1);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+
+    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0; ++i) {
-            fprintf(f, "%04x, ", data_d[i]);
-            for (int k = 0; k < QK4_0/2; ++k) {
-                fprintf(f, "%02x, ", data_q[k]);
-            }
-            fprintf(f, "\n");
-            data_q += QK4_0/2;
-        }
-        free(buf_d);
-        free(buf_q);
-#else
-        block_q4_0 * data = (block_q4_0 *) buf;
-        for (int i = 0; i < ggml_nelements(tensor)/QK4_0; ++i) {
-            fprintf(f, "%04x, ", data[i].d);
-            for (int k = 0; k < QK4_0/2; ++k) {
-                fprintf(f, "%02x, ", data[i].qs[k]);
-            }
-            fprintf(f, "\n");
-        }
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+    if (n % 4 == 0) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_quick_4;
+        n /= 4;
+    } else {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_quick;
     }
-    free(buf);
-    fflush(f);
-    fclose(f);
-}
-#else
-#define dump_tensor(tensor)
-#endif
 
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Profiling utility
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-static void populateProfilingInfo(
-        ProfilingInfo& info, cl_event evt, cl_kernel kernel,
-        size_t global_size[3], size_t local_size[3],
-        const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    info.op_name     = tensor->name;
-    info.kernel      = kernel;
-    info.evt         = evt;
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
 
-    info.local_size[0]  = local_size[0];
-    info.local_size[1]  = local_size[1];
-    info.local_size[2]  = local_size[2];
-    info.global_size[0] = global_size[0];
-    info.global_size[1] = global_size[1];
-    info.global_size[2] = global_size[2];
-    info.output_size[0] = tensor->ne[0];
-    info.output_size[1] = tensor->ne[1];
-    info.output_size[2] = tensor->ne[2];
-    info.output_size[3] = tensor->ne[3];
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
-#endif
 
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Ops
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void ggml_cl_silu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-static bool ggml_cl_can_mul_mat(const struct ggml_tensor * src0, const struct ggml_tensor * src1, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const int64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
-    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
-    const int64_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    // TODO: find the optimal values for these
-    return (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) &&
-            src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
-             dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
-            (ne0 >= 32 && ne1 >= 32 && ne10 >= 32);
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+
+    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    if (n % 4 == 0) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_silu_4;
+        n /= 4;
+    } else {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_silu;
+    }
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
+    }
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_nop(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    UNUSED(backend);
-    UNUSED(src0);
+static void ggml_cl_relu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
     UNUSED(src1);
-    UNUSED(dst);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_relu;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+
+    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
+    }
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_get_rows(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_sigmoid(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-    const int      ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
-    const int      ne10 = src1 ? src1->ne[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1 ? src1->nb[0] : 0;
-    const int      ne11 = src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst  ?  dst->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst  ?  dst->nb[2] : 0;
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
     cl_kernel kernel;
-
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_get_rows_f32;
-            break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_get_rows_f16;
-            break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_get_rows_q4_0;
-            break;
-        default:
-            GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f32;
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f16;
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported data types for sigmoid (input and output must be both f32 or f16)");
     }
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne10, (size_t)ne11, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {1, 1, 1};
+    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
+    }
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_add(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_tri(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-    const int  ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int  ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int  ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int  ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
-    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0 ? src0->nb[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    const int  ne10 = src1 ? src1->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int  ne11 = src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int  ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int  ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 0; UNUSED(ne13);
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1 ? src1->nb[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 0; UNUSED(nb13);
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    const int tri_type = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const int     ne0  = dst->ne[0];
+    const int     ne1  = dst->ne[1];
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tri;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),      &n));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(int),      &tri_type));
+
+    size_t local_work_size[1] = { 256 };
+    size_t global_work_size[1] = { ((size_t)n + local_work_size[0] - 1) / local_work_size[0] * local_work_size[0] };
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 1, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl_fill(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    UNUSED(src0);
+    UNUSED(src1);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    float v = 0.0f;
+    memcpy(&v, ((int32_t *) dst->op_params), sizeof(float));
+
+    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_fill;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(float),    &v));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(float),    &n));
+
+    size_t local_work_size[1] = { 256 };
+    size_t global_work_size[1] = { ((size_t)n + local_work_size[0] - 1) / local_work_size[0] * local_work_size[0] };
 
-    const int  ne0  = dst ? dst->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int  ne1  = dst ? dst->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int  ne2  = dst ? dst->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int  ne3  = dst ? dst->ne[3] : 0;
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 1, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl_clamp(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst ? dst->nb[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst ? dst->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst ? dst->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst ? dst->nb[3] : 0;
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    bool bcast_row = false;
-    cl_kernel kernel;
+    float min;
+    float max;
+    memcpy(&min, ((int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max, ((int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_clamp;
 
-        // src1 is a row
-        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(float),    &min));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(float),    &max));
 
-        bcast_row = true;
-        int ne = ne00 / 4;
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_add_row;
+    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
 
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
-    } else {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_add;
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 28, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 29, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
     }
 
-    if (bcast_row) {
-        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
-
-        size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-        if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-            local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
-        }
-
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
-    } else {
-        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
-
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
-    }
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_mul(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_norm(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
+    UNUSED(src1);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
     const int ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
     const int ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
     const int ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
     const int ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
 
-    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0 ? src0->nb[0] : 0;
     const cl_ulong nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
     const cl_ulong nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
     const cl_ulong nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
 
-    const int ne10 = src1 ? src1->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int ne11 = src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 0; UNUSED(ne13);
+    const int nth = MIN(64, ne00);
 
-    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1 ? src1->nb[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 0; UNUSED(nb13);
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_norm;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),       &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),       &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),       &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),       &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(float),     &eps));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float)*nth, NULL));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-    const int ne0  = dst ? dst->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int ne1  = dst ? dst->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int ne2  = dst ? dst->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int ne3  = dst ? dst->ne[3] : 0;
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl_rms_norm(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
-    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst ? dst->nb[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst ? dst->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst ? dst->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst ? dst->nb[3] : 0;
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+
+    //ggml_backend_opencl_device_context * dev_ctx =
+    //    (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *)backend->device->context;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    bool bcast_row = false;
-    cl_kernel kernel;
-
-    if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-        // src1 is a row
-        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
-        bcast_row = true;
-        int ne = ne00 / 4;
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_row;
+    const int ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
+    const int ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
+    const int ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
+    const int ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
 
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
-    } else {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul;
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
 
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 28, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 29, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
-    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
 
-    if (bcast_row) {
-        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+    const int nth = MIN(64, ne00);
 
-        size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-        if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-            local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
-        }
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_rms_norm;
 
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    // Note, this kernel declares local memory in kernel args and the size
+    // depends on subgroup size.
+    // Note, this requires OpenCL 2.1 and above
+    // For now we use fixed subgroup size to simplify support for OpenCL 2.0.
+    size_t sgs;
+    //CL_CHECK(clGetKernelSubGroupInfo(kernel, dev_ctx->device,
+    //    CL_KERNEL_MAX_SUB_GROUP_SIZE_FOR_NDRANGE,
+    //    sizeof(local_work_size), local_work_size,
+    //    sizeof(size_t), &sgs, NULL));
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+        sgs = 64;
+    } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+        sgs = 32;
     } else {
-        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported GPU");
+    }
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),       &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),       &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),       &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),       &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(float),     &eps));
+    // This is local memory - the size depends on subgroup size.
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float)*nth/sgs,  NULL));
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
 
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+static void ggml_opencl_op_rms_norm_fused(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * rms_norm_tensor, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(mul_tensor);
+    GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm_tensor);
+
+    // src0 is the src of rms_norm, src1 is the other src of mul (one being rms_norm)
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = rms_norm_tensor->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1;
+    if (mul_tensor->src[0] == rms_norm_tensor) {
+        src1 = mul_tensor->src[1];
+    } else if (mul_tensor->src[1] == rms_norm_tensor) {
+        src1 = mul_tensor->src[0];
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Invalid args for rms_norm and mul");
     }
-}
+    const ggml_tensor * dst = mul_tensor;
 
-static void ggml_cl_div(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(src1);
@@ -3570,12 +7322,24 @@ static void ggml_cl_div(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, rms_norm_tensor->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
     const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
     const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
     const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
     const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
     const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
@@ -3585,234 +7349,310 @@ static void ggml_cl_div(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
     const int ne13 = src1->ne[3];
 
-    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
     const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
     const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
     const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
 
-    const int ne0  = dst->ne[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3 = dst->nb[3];
 
-    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst->nb[0];
-    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
-    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
-    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
 
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+    size_t sgs;
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+        sgs = 64;
+    } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+        sgs = 32;
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported GPU");
+    }
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_rms_norm_mul;
+
+    int nth = sgs;
+    int max_workgroup_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+    while (nth < ne00 && nth < max_workgroup_size) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+    nth = MIN(nth, max_workgroup_size);
+    nth = MIN(nth, ne00);
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),        &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),        &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),        &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),           &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),           &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),           &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),           &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),           &ne10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),           &ne11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),           &ne12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),           &ne13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong),      &nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(float),         &eps));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(float)*sgs,     NULL));
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_opencl_op_norm_fused(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * norm_tensor, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor, ggml_tensor * add_tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(norm_tensor && mul_tensor && add_tensor);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = norm_tensor->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = mul_tensor->src[0] == norm_tensor ? mul_tensor->src[1] : mul_tensor->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = add_tensor->src[0] == mul_tensor ? add_tensor->src[1] : add_tensor->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * dst = add_tensor;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra2 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src2->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset2 = extra2->offset + src2->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    bool bcast_row = false;
-    cl_kernel kernel;
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, norm_tensor->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
-        // src1 is a row
-        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0], ne01 = src0->ne[1], ne02 = src0->ne[2], ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1], nb02 = src0->nb[2], nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0], ne11 = src1->ne[1], ne12 = src1->ne[2], ne13 = src1->ne[3];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1], nb12 = src1->nb[2], nb13 = src1->nb[3];
+    const int ne20 = src2->ne[0], ne21 = src2->ne[1], ne22 = src2->ne[2], ne23 = src2->ne[3];
+    const cl_ulong nb21 = src2->nb[1], nb22 = src2->nb[2], nb23 = src2->nb[3];
+    const cl_ulong nbd1 = dst->nb[1], nbd2 = dst->nb[2], nbd3 = dst->nb[3];
 
-        bcast_row = true;
-        int ne = ne00 / 4;
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_div_row;
+    size_t sgs;
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) sgs = 64;
+    else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) sgs = 32;
+    else GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported GPU");
 
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
-    } else {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_div;
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_norm_mul_add;
 
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
-    }
+    int nth = sgs;
+    int max_workgroup_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+    while (nth < ne00/4 && nth < max_workgroup_size) nth *= 2;
+    nth = MIN(nth, max_workgroup_size);
+    nth = MIN(nth, ne00/4);
 
-    if (bcast_row) {
-        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+    size_t gws[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t lws[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+    size_t num_subgroups = (nth + sgs - 1) / sgs;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra2->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_mem), &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int), &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int), &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int), &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int), &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int), &ne10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int), &ne11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int), &ne12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int), &ne13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int), &ne20));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int), &ne21));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int), &ne22));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(int), &ne23));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb22));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 28, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb23));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 29, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nbd1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 30, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nbd2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 31, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nbd3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 32, sizeof(float), &eps));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 33, sizeof(cl_float2) * num_subgroups, NULL));
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, gws, lws, dst);
+}
 
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
-    } else {
-        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
+static void ggml_opencl_op_group_norm_fused(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor * gn_tensor, ggml_tensor * mul_tensor, ggml_tensor * add_tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(gn_tensor && mul_tensor && add_tensor);
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = gn_tensor->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = mul_tensor->src[0] == gn_tensor ? mul_tensor->src[1] : mul_tensor->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = add_tensor->src[0] == mul_tensor ? add_tensor->src[1] : add_tensor->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * dst = add_tensor;
 
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
-    }
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra2 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src2->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset2 = extra2->offset + src2->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    int groups;
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&groups, gn_tensor->op_params, sizeof(int));
+    memcpy(&eps, (char *)gn_tensor->op_params + sizeof(int), sizeof(float));
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_group_norm_mul_add;
+    int max_workgroup_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+    int ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+    int group_size = ne / groups;
+
+    size_t lws[] = { (size_t)MIN(max_workgroup_size, group_size) };
+    size_t gws[] = { (size_t)groups * lws[0] };
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra2->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_mem), &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int), &ne));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int), &group_size));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(float), &eps));
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 1, gws, lws, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_sub(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_group_norm(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
+    UNUSED(src1);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    int32_t n_groups   = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
+    int32_t group_size = src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * ((src0->ne[2] + n_groups - 1) / n_groups);
+    float   eps        = ((const float *) dst->op_params)[1];
+
     const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
-    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    const int ne = ne00*ne01*ne02;
 
-    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
-    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
-    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
-    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_group_norm;
 
-    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
-    const int ne11 = src1->ne[1];
-    const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
-    const int ne13 = src1->ne[3];
+    size_t sgs = 64;
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+        sgs = 64;
+    } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+        sgs = 32;
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported GPU");
+    }
 
-    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
-    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
-    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
-    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),      &ne));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),      &group_size));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(float),    &eps));
 
-    const int ne0  = dst->ne[0];
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n_groups*sgs, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)sgs, 1, 1};
 
-    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst->nb[0];
-    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
-    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
-    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl_l2_norm(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    bool bcast_row = false;
-    cl_kernel kernel;
-
-    if (ggml_nelements(src1) == ne10 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne00 % 4 == 0 && ne10 % 4 == 0) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
-
-        // src1 is a row
-        GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
-
-        bcast_row = true;
-        int ne = ne00 / 4;
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sub_row;
-
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne));
-    } else {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sub;
-
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
-    }
-
-    if (bcast_row) {
-        int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
 
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    size_t sgs;
+    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+        sgs = 64;
+    } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+        sgs = 32;
     } else {
-        unsigned int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
-        size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported GPU");
+    }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_l2_norm_f32;
 
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    int nth = sgs;
+    while (nth < ne00 && nth < (int)backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel)) {
+        nth *= 2;
     }
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),       &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),       &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),       &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),       &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(float),     &eps));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float)*nth/sgs,  NULL));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_gelu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_tanh(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
@@ -3821,7 +7661,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_gelu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -3829,37 +7668,87 @@ static void ggml_cl_gelu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb0  = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
+
     cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+        // Handle contiguous input
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+        if (n % 4 == 0) {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32_4;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16_4;
+            }
+            n /= 4;
+        } else {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16;
+            }
+        }
 
-    if (n % 4 == 0) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_4;
-        n /= 4;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+        if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+            local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
     } else {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu;
-    }
+        // Handle non-contiguous input
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32_nc;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16_nc;
+        }
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+        int nth = 64;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt);
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL);
-#endif
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_neg(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
@@ -3868,7 +7757,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
     UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -3876,37 +7764,73 @@ static void ggml_cl_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne,  dst,  ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb,  dst,  nb);
+
     cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+        // Handle contiguous input
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+        if (n % 4 == 0) {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f32_4;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f16_4;
+            }
+            n /= 4;
+        } else {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f32;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f16;
+            }
+        }
 
-    if (n % 4 == 0) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_quick_4;
-        n /= 4;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_int),   &n));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)CEIL_DIV(n, 64)*64, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     } else {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gelu_quick;
-    }
+        // Handle non-contiguous input
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f32_nc;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_neg_f16_nc;
+        }
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+        int nth = 64;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt);
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL);
-#endif
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_silu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_exp(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
@@ -3915,7 +7839,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_silu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -3923,42 +7846,73 @@ static void ggml_cl_silu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne,  dst,  ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb,  dst,  nb);
+
     cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+        // Handle contiguous input
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+        if (n % 4 == 0) {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f32_4;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f16_4;
+            }
+            n /= 4;
+        } else {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f32;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f16;
+            }
+        }
 
-    if (n % 4 == 0) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_silu_4;
-        n /= 4;
-    } else {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_silu;
-    }
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_int),   &n));
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)CEIL_DIV(n, 64)*64, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    } else {
+        // Handle non-contiguous input
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f32_nc;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_exp_f16_nc;
+        }
 
-    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
-    }
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        int nth = 64;
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_relu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_expm1(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
@@ -3967,7 +7921,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_relu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -3975,35 +7928,87 @@ static void ggml_cl_relu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_relu;
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const cl_ulong nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3 = dst->nb[3];
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
-    }
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+        // Handle contiguous input
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+        if (n % 4 == 0) {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f32_4;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f16_4;
+            }
+            n /= 4;
+        } else {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f32;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f16;
+            }
+        }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+
+        size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+        if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+            local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
+    } else {
+        // Handle non-contiguous input
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f32_nc;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_expm1_f16_nc;
+        }
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+
+        int nth = 64;
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_sigmoid(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_softplus(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
@@ -4012,832 +8017,1317 @@ static void ggml_cl_sigmoid(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
     UNUSED(src1);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+        // Handle contiguous input
+        int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+        if (n % 4 == 0) {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f32_4;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f16_4;
+            }
+            n /= 4;
+        } else {
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f32;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f16;
+            }
+        }
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+        size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+        if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+            local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
+        }
 
-    cl_kernel kernel;
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f32;
-    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sigmoid_f16;
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
     } else {
-        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported data types for sigmoid (input and output must be both f32 or f16)");
-    }
+        // Handle non-contiguous input
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f32_nc;
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_softplus_f16_nc;
+        }
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
 
-    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+        int nth = 64;
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     }
-
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_clamp(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_repeat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1_shape_def, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == src0->type);
 
-    UNUSED(src1);
+    UNUSED(src1_shape_def);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd  = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    float min;
-    float max;
-    memcpy(&min, ((int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 0, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&max, ((int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_clamp;
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(float),    &min));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(float),    &max));
+    const int ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const int ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const int ne3 = dst->ne[3];
 
-    const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const cl_ulong nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3 = dst->nb[3];
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_repeat_f32;
 
-    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-    if (n % 64 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
-    }
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    int nth = 64;
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne1*nth, (size_t)ne2, (size_t)ne3};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_norm(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_pad(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-
-    UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    if (backend_ctx->kernel_pad == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: pad kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
 
-    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_src0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_dst  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    float eps;
-    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra_src0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong off_dst  = extra_dst->offset  + dst->view_offs;
 
-    const int ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
+    const int s_ne0 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int s_ne1 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int s_ne2 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int s_ne3 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
+    const int s_nb0 = src0->nb[0];
+    const int s_nb1 = src0->nb[1];
+    const int s_nb2 = src0->nb[2];
+    const int s_nb3 = src0->nb[3];
 
-    const int nth = MIN(64, ne00);
+    const int d_ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int d_ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const int d_ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const int d_ne3 = dst->ne[3];
+
+    const int d_nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const int d_nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const int d_nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const int d_nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    const int lp0 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int rp0 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int lp1 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int rp1 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int lp2 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int rp2 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int lp3 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int rp3 = ((const int*)(dst->op_params))[7];
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_norm;
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_pad;
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offsetd));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),       &ne00));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),       &ne01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),       &ne02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),       &ne03));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb03));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(float),     &eps));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float)*nth, NULL));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_src0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_dst->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),       &s_ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),       &s_ne1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),       &s_ne2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),       &s_ne3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &s_nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &s_nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &s_nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &s_nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),       &d_ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),       &d_ne1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),       &d_ne2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),       &d_ne3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &d_nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &d_nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &d_nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &d_nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),       &lp0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(int),       &rp0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),       &lp1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),       &rp1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),       &lp2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(int),       &rp2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(int),       &lp3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(int),       &rp3));
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+    size_t lws0 = 64;
+    size_t gws0 = (( (size_t)d_ne0 + lws0 - 1 ) / lws0) * lws0;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    size_t global_work_size[] = { gws0, (size_t)d_ne1, (size_t)d_ne2*d_ne3 };
+    size_t local_work_size[]  = { lws0, 1, 1 };
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+     if (d_ne0 % lws0 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_rms_norm(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_upscale(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-
-    UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
-
-    //ggml_backend_opencl_device_context * dev_ctx =
-    //    (ggml_backend_opencl_device_context *)backend->device->context;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    const int mode_flags        = (ggml_scale_mode) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const ggml_scale_mode mode  = (ggml_scale_mode) (mode_flags & 0xFF);
+    cl_kernel kernel = nullptr;
 
-    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+    if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_upscale;
+        if (kernel == nullptr) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: nearest upscale kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
+            return;
+        }
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear;
+        if (kernel == nullptr) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: bilinear upscale kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
+            return;
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: unsupported upscale mode %d, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__, mode);
+        return;
+    }
 
-    float eps;
-    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_src0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_dst  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    const int ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
+    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra_src0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong off_dst  = extra_dst->offset  + dst->view_offs;
 
-    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 4 == 0);
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    const int nth = MIN(64, ne00);
+    const int ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const int ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const int ne3 = dst->ne[3];
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+    float sf0 = (float)ne0 / ne00;
+    float sf1 = (float)ne1 / ne01;
+    float sf2 = (float)ne2 / ne02;
+    float sf3 = (float)ne3 / ne03;
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_rms_norm;
+    float pixel_offset = 0.5f;
 
-    // Note, this kernel declares local memory in kernel args and the size
-    // depends on subgroup size.
-    // Note, this requires OpenCL 2.1 and above
-    // For now we use fixed subgroup size to simplify support for OpenCL 2.0.
-    size_t sgs;
-    //CL_CHECK(clGetKernelSubGroupInfo(kernel, dev_ctx->device,
-    //    CL_KERNEL_MAX_SUB_GROUP_SIZE_FOR_NDRANGE,
-    //    sizeof(local_work_size), local_work_size,
-    //    sizeof(size_t), &sgs, NULL));
-    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
-        sgs = 64;
-    } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
-        sgs = 32;
-    } else {
-        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported GPU");
-    }
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_src0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_dst->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb03));
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offsetd));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),       &ne00));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),       &ne01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),       &ne02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),       &ne03));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb03));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(float),     &eps));
-    // This is local memory - the size depends on subgroup size.
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float)*nth/sgs,  NULL));
+    if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int),       &ne0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int),       &ne1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float),    &sf0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(float),    &sf1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(float),    &sf2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(float),    &sf3));
+    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
+        if (mode_flags & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ALIGN_CORNERS) {
+            sf0 = ne0 > 1 && ne00 > 1 ? (float)(ne0 - 1) / (ne00 - 1) : sf0;
+            sf1 = ne1 > 1 && ne01 > 1 ? (float)(ne1 - 1) / (ne01 - 1) : sf1;
+            pixel_offset = 0.0f;
+        }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int),       &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int),       &ne01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne3));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(float),    &sf0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(float),    &sf1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(float),    &sf2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(float),    &sf3));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(float),    &pixel_offset));
+    }
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+
+    size_t dst_total_elements = (size_t)ne0 * ne1 * ne2 * ne3;
+    if (dst_total_elements == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    size_t global_work_size[] = { dst_total_elements, 1, 1 };
+    size_t local_work_size_pref = 256;
+    size_t local_work_size[] = { MIN(local_work_size_pref, dst_total_elements), 1, 1};
+
+    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
+    if (dst_total_elements % local_work_size[0] != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
+        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_group_norm(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_concat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-
-    UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
-
-    int32_t n_groups   = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-    int32_t group_size = src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * ((src0->ne[2] + n_groups - 1) / n_groups);
-    float   eps        = ((const float *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd  = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
     const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
-    const int ne = ne00*ne01*ne02;
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_group_norm;
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
-    size_t sgs = 64;
-    if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
-        sgs = 64;
-    } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
-        sgs = 32;
-    } else {
-        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported GPU");
-    }
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),      &ne));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),      &group_size));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(float),    &eps));
+    const int ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const int ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const int ne3 = dst->ne[3];
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n_groups*sgs, 1, 1};
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)sgs, 1, 1};
+    const cl_ulong nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3 = dst->nb[3];
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    const cl_int dim = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
+    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim <= 3);
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    int nth = MIN(64, ne0);
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(cl_int),   &dim));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne1*nth, (size_t)ne2, (size_t)ne3};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_tanh(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-
-    UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    if (backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: timestep_embedding kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
 
-    cl_ulong offset0_abs = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong offsetd_abs = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_src0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_dst  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    cl_kernel kernel;
-    if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f32_nd;
-    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_tanh_f16_nd;
-    } else {
-        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported type for ggml_cl_tanh");
-    }
-    GGML_ASSERT(kernel != nullptr);
+    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra_src0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong off_dst  = extra_dst->offset  + dst->view_offs;
 
-    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0]; const int ne01 = src0->ne[1]; const int ne02 = src0->ne[2]; const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
-    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0]; const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1]; const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2]; const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+    const int logical_dim = dst->op_params[0];
+    const int max_period  = dst->op_params[1];
+    const int dst_nb1_bytes = dst->nb[1];
 
-    const int ne10 = dst->ne[0]; const int ne11 = dst->ne[1]; const int ne12 = dst->ne[2]; const int ne13 = dst->ne[3];
-    const cl_ulong nb10 = dst->nb[0]; const cl_ulong nb11 = dst->nb[1]; const cl_ulong nb12 = dst->nb[2]; const cl_ulong nb13 = dst->nb[3];
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding;
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0_abs));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd_abs));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_src0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_dst->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),       &dst_nb1_bytes));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),       &logical_dim));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),       &max_period));
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb03));
+    size_t gws0 = (size_t)(((logical_dim + 1) / 2) + 1);
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),     &ne10));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),     &ne11));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),     &ne12));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),     &ne13));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb10));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb11));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb12));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb13));
-
-    size_t global_work_size[3];
-    if (ne10 == 0 || ne11 == 0 || ne12 == 0 || ne13 == 0) { // Handle case of 0 elements
-        return;
-    }
-    global_work_size[0] = (size_t)ne10;
-    global_work_size[1] = (size_t)ne11;
-    global_work_size[2] = (size_t)ne12;
+    size_t gws1 = (size_t)src0->ne[0];
 
-    size_t lws0 = 16, lws1 = 4, lws2 = 1;
-    if (ne10 < 16) lws0 = ne10;
-    if (ne11 < 4) lws1 = ne11;
-    if (ne12 < 1) lws2 = ne12 > 0 ? ne12 : 1;
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {gws0, gws1, 1};
 
-    while (lws0 * lws1 * lws2 > 256 && lws0 > 1) lws0 /= 2;
-    while (lws0 * lws1 * lws2 > 256 && lws1 > 1) lws1 /= 2;
-    while (lws0 * lws1 * lws2 > 256 && lws2 > 1) lws2 /= 2;
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, NULL, dst);
+}
 
+static void ggml_cl_flash_attn(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * q, const ggml_tensor * k, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * v = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * sinks = dst->src[4];
+    GGML_ASSERT(q->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(k->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(v->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+    if (mask) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(mask->extra);
+    }
+    if (sinks) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(sinks->extra);
+    }
 
-    size_t local_work_size[] = {lws0, lws1, lws2};
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-    size_t* local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-    if (!backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-        if (global_work_size[0] % local_work_size[0] != 0 ||
-            global_work_size[1] % local_work_size[1] != 0 ||
-            global_work_size[2] % local_work_size[2] != 0) {
-            local_work_size_ptr = NULL;
+    const int n_q = q->ne[1];
+    const int n_kv = k->ne[1];
+    const int d_head_q = q->ne[0];
+    const int d_head_v = v->ne[0];
+    const int n_head = q->ne[2];
+    const int n_head_kv = k->ne[2];
+    const int n_batch = q->ne[3];
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = NULL;
+
+    const bool is_f16 = q->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+    const bool is_mixed = q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && k->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+    const std::pair<int, int> dk_dv = {d_head_q, d_head_v};
+
+    if (n_q == 1) {
+        if (is_mixed) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32_f16_q1.at(dk_dv);
+        } else if (is_f16) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f16_q1.at(dk_dv);
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32_q1.at(dk_dv);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (is_mixed) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32_f16.at(dk_dv);
+        } else if (is_f16) {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f16.at(dk_dv);
+        } else {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_f32.at(dk_dv);
         }
     }
-    if (global_work_size[0] == 0 || global_work_size[1] == 0 || global_work_size[2] == 0) return;
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel != NULL);
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_q = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)q->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_k = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)k->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_v = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)v->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_o = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_mask = mask ? (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)mask->extra : NULL;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_sinks = sinks ? (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)sinks->extra : NULL;
+
+    cl_ulong offset_q = extra_q->offset + q->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset_k = extra_k->offset + k->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset_v = extra_v->offset + v->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset_o = extra_o->offset + dst->view_offs;
+    cl_mem   mask_buffer = extra_mask ? extra_mask->data_device : NULL;
+    cl_ulong offset_mask = extra_mask ? extra_mask->offset + mask->view_offs : 0;
+    cl_mem   sinks_buffer = extra_sinks ? extra_sinks->data_device : NULL;
+    cl_ulong offset_sinks = extra_sinks ? extra_sinks->offset + sinks->view_offs : 0;
+
+    const cl_ulong q_nb1 = q->nb[1], q_nb2 = q->nb[2], q_nb3 = q->nb[3];
+    const cl_ulong k_nb1 = k->nb[1], k_nb2 = k->nb[2], k_nb3 = k->nb[3];
+    const cl_ulong v_nb1 = v->nb[1], v_nb2 = v->nb[2], v_nb3 = v->nb[3];
+    const cl_ulong o_nb1 = dst->nb[1], o_nb2 = dst->nb[2], o_nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+    const cl_ulong mask_nb1 = mask ? mask->nb[1] : 0;
+    const cl_ulong mask_nb2 = mask ? mask->nb[2] : 0;
+    const cl_ulong mask_nb3 = mask ? mask->nb[3] : 0;
+    const int mask_ne2 = mask ? mask->ne[2] : 0;
+    const int mask_ne3 = mask ? mask->ne[3] : 0;
+
+    float scale, max_bias, logit_softcap;
+    const float * params = (const float *)dst->op_params;
+    scale         = params[0];
+    max_bias      = params[1];
+    logit_softcap = params[2];
+
+    const int is_causal = (mask == NULL && n_q > 1 && n_q == n_kv);
+
+    const int n_head_log2_val = n_head > 0 ? 1u << (int)floorf(log2f((float)n_head)) : 0;
+    const float n_head_log2_f = n_head_log2_val > 0 ? (float)n_head_log2_val : 1.0f;
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias) / n_head_log2_f);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2_f);
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra_q->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset_q));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra_k->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset_k));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra_v->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset_v));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra_o->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset_o));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(float),    &scale));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int),      &n_q));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),     &n_kv));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),     &is_causal));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),     &n_head));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &q_nb1)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &q_nb2)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &q_nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &k_nb1)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &k_nb2)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &k_nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &v_nb1)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &v_nb2)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(cl_ulong), &v_nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong), &o_nb1)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(cl_ulong), &o_nb2)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(cl_ulong), &o_nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(float),    &max_bias));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(float),    &m0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 27, sizeof(float),    &m1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 28, sizeof(int),      &n_head_log2_val));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 29, sizeof(float),    &logit_softcap));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 30, sizeof(int),      &n_head_kv));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 31, sizeof(cl_mem),   &mask_buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 32, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset_mask));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 33, sizeof(cl_ulong), &mask_nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 34, sizeof(cl_ulong), &mask_nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 35, sizeof(cl_ulong), &mask_nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 36, sizeof(int),      &mask_ne2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 37, sizeof(int),      &mask_ne3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 38, sizeof(cl_mem),   &sinks_buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 39, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset_sinks));
+
+    if (n_q == 1) {
+        const size_t wg_size = 64;
+        size_t local_work_size[] = { wg_size, 1 };
+        size_t global_work_size[] = { wg_size, (size_t)(n_head * n_batch) };
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 2, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    } else {
+        const int block_m = backend_ctx->kernels_flash_attn_bm.at(dk_dv);
+        const size_t wg_size = block_m;
+        size_t local_work_size[] = { wg_size, 1 };
+        size_t global_work_size[] = { (size_t)((n_q + block_m - 1) / block_m) * wg_size, (size_t)(n_head * n_batch) };
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 2, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+    }
+}
 
+static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr ? local_work_size : (size_t[3]){0,0,0}, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
-}
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-static void ggml_cl_repeat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1_shape_def, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == src0->type);
+    const int M = src0->ne[1];
+    const int N = src1->ne[1];
+    const int K = src0->ne[0];
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(int),      &M));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(int),      &N));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int),      &K));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+
+    // Tiling parameters. These need to be tuned for optimal performance.
+    // They must match the #defines in the kernel mul_mat_f16_f32.cl.
+    //
+    // OPWM / OPWN: Output tile size per Work-Group. A work-group computes a tile of size OPWM x OPWN.
+    // TPWM / TPWN: Threads per Work-group. This is the work-group size.
+    // OPTM / OPTN: Output elements per Thread. Each thread computes OPTM x OPTN elements.
+    //
+    // The following relationships must hold:
+    //   OPWM = TPWM * OPTM
+    //   OPWN = TPWN * OPTN
+    //
+    const int OPWM = 64;
+    const int OPWN = 64;
+    const int TPWM = 16;
+    const int TPWN = 8;
+
+    size_t local_work_size[2] = { TPWM, TPWN };
+    size_t global_work_size[2] = {
+        (size_t) ((M + OPWM - 1) / OPWM) * TPWM,
+        (size_t) ((N + OPWN - 1) / OPWN) * TPWN,
+    };
 
-    UNUSED(src1_shape_def);
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 2, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
 
+static void ggml_cl_conv_2d(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
-    if (backend_ctx->kernel_repeat == nullptr) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: repeat kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_src0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_dst  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra_src0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong off_dst  = extra_dst->offset  + dst->view_offs;
+    const cl_uint Cout = ne03; const cl_uint Cin = ne02; const cl_uint N = ne13;
+    const cl_uint KW = ne00; const cl_uint KH = ne01; const cl_uint W = ne10; const cl_uint H = ne11; const cl_uint OW = ne0; const cl_uint OH = ne1;
 
-    const int src0_ne0 = src0->ne[0]; const int src0_ne1 = src0->ne[1]; const int src0_ne2 = src0->ne[2]; const int src0_ne3 = src0->ne[3];
-    const cl_ulong src0_nb0 = src0->nb[0]; const cl_ulong src0_nb1 = src0->nb[1]; const cl_ulong src0_nb2 = src0->nb[2]; const cl_ulong src0_nb3 = src0->nb[3];
+    const cl_uint s0 = dst->op_params[0]; const cl_uint s1 = dst->op_params[1];
+    const cl_uint p0 = dst->op_params[2]; const cl_uint p1 = dst->op_params[3];
+    const cl_uint d0 = dst->op_params[4]; const cl_uint d1 = dst->op_params[5];
 
-    const int dst_ne0 = dst->ne[0]; const int dst_ne1 = dst->ne[1]; const int dst_ne2 = dst->ne[2]; const int dst_ne3 = dst->ne[3];
-    const cl_ulong dst_nb0 = dst->nb[0]; const cl_ulong dst_nb1 = dst->nb[1]; const cl_ulong dst_nb2 = dst->nb[2]; const cl_ulong dst_nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+    const cl_uint cl_nb01 = nb01/ggml_type_size(src0->type); const cl_uint cl_nb02 = nb02/ggml_type_size(src0->type); const cl_uint cl_nb03 = nb03/ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const cl_uint cl_nb11 = nb11/ggml_type_size(src1->type); const cl_uint cl_nb12 = nb12/ggml_type_size(src1->type); const cl_uint cl_nb13 = nb13/ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const cl_uint cl_nb1 = nb1/ggml_type_size(dst->type); const cl_uint cl_nb2 = nb2/ggml_type_size(dst->type); const cl_uint cl_nb3 = nb3/ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_repeat;
+    const int64_t NPQ = (int64_t)N * OW * OH;
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_src0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_dst->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),       &src0_ne0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),       &src0_ne1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),       &src0_ne2));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(int),       &src0_ne3));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &src0_nb0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &src0_nb1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &src0_nb2));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &src0_nb3));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &dst_ne0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &dst_ne1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &dst_ne2));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &dst_ne3));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &dst_nb0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &dst_nb1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &dst_nb2));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &dst_nb3));
-
-    size_t gws0 = dst_ne1 > 0 ? (size_t)dst_ne1 : 1;
-    size_t gws1 = dst_ne2 > 0 ? (size_t)dst_ne2 : 1;
-    size_t gws2 = dst_ne3 > 0 ? (size_t)dst_ne3 : 1;
-
-    size_t global_work_size[] = { gws0, gws1, gws2 };
+    const uint32_t BS_K = 64;
+    const uint32_t BS_NPQ = 64;
+    const uint32_t BS_CRS = 16;
+    const uint32_t VEC_SIZE = 4;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, NULL, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    const uint32_t TS_K = 4;
+    const uint32_t TS_NPQ = 8;
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, (size_t[3]){0,0,0}, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
-}
+    const uint32_t WG_K = BS_K / TS_K;
+    const uint32_t WG_NPQ = BS_NPQ / TS_NPQ;
 
-static void ggml_cl_pad(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == 1 && dst->ne[3] == 1);
+    auto splitWork = [](uint32_t work_size, uint32_t block_size) { return (block_size + work_size - 1) / block_size; };
+    const uint32_t NB_K = splitWork(Cout, BS_K);
+    const uint32_t NB_NPQ = splitWork(NPQ, BS_NPQ);
 
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+    size_t shmem_size;
+
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f16;
+        shmem_size = (size_t)(BS_K * BS_CRS * sizeof(cl_half) + BS_CRS * (BS_NPQ / VEC_SIZE) * sizeof(cl_half4));
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f32;
+        shmem_size = (size_t)(BS_K * BS_CRS * sizeof(cl_float) + BS_CRS * (BS_NPQ / VEC_SIZE) * sizeof(cl_float4));
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_conv_2d_f16_f32;
+        shmem_size = (size_t)(BS_K * BS_CRS * sizeof(cl_half) + BS_CRS * (BS_NPQ / VEC_SIZE) * sizeof(cl_float4));
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported data type combination for conv2d");
+    }
+
+    cl_uint idx = 0;
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra0->data_device)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_mem), &extra1->data_device)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_mem), &extrad->data_device)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, shmem_size, NULL));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &Cout)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &Cin)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &N));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &KW)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &KH)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &W)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &H));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &OW)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &OH));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &s0)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &s1)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &p0)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &p1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &d0)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &d1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb01)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb02)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb11)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb12)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb1)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb2)); CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, idx++, sizeof(cl_uint), &cl_nb3));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = { (size_t)NB_K * WG_K, (size_t)NB_NPQ * WG_NPQ, 1 };
+    size_t local_work_size[] = { (size_t)WG_K, (size_t)WG_NPQ, 1 };
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 2, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_kq_kqv_adreno(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
-    if (backend_ctx->kernel_pad == nullptr) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: pad kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_src0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_dst  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    const int  ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int  ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int  ne02 = src0->ne[2];
 
-    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra_src0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong off_dst  = extra_dst->offset  + dst->view_offs;
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
 
-    const int s_ne0 = src0->ne[0];
-    const int s_ne1 = src0->ne[1];
-    const int s_ne2 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int  ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int  ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int  ne12 = src1->ne[2];
 
-    const int d_ne0 = dst->ne[0];
-    const int d_ne1 = dst->ne[1];
-    const int d_ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_pad;
+    const int  ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int  ne1 = dst->ne[1];
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_src0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_dst->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),       &s_ne0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),       &s_ne1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),       &s_ne2));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(int),       &d_ne0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int),       &d_ne1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int),       &d_ne2));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
 
-    size_t lws0 = 64;
-    size_t gws0 = (( (size_t)d_ne0 + lws0 - 1 ) / lws0) * lws0;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = { gws0, (size_t)d_ne1, (size_t)d_ne2 };
-    size_t local_work_size[]  = { lws0, 1, 1 };
+    cl_int              status;
+    cl_image_format     img_fmt_1d;
+    cl_image_desc       img_desc_1d;
+    cl_buffer_region    region;
+    cl_mem              A_image1d;
+    cl_mem              A_sub_buffer;
+    cl_mem              B_sub_buffer;
+    cl_mem              D_image1d;
+    cl_mem              D_sub_buffer;
 
-    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-     if (d_ne0 % lws0 != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
+    int M = ne01;
+    int N = ne1;
+    int K = ne00;
+
+    if (nb01 > nb02) {
+        // KQ
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_kq;
+    } else {
+        // KQV
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv;
     }
+    // create sub-buffer for A
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+    extra0 = src0->view_src ? (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->view_src->extra : (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+
+    region.origin = (extra0->offset);
+    if (nb01 > nb02) {
+        // KQ
+        region.size = nb01 * ne01;
+    } else {
+        // KQV
+        region.size = nb02 * ne02;
+    }
+
+    A_sub_buffer = clCreateSubBuffer((extra0->data_device), 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+
+    // create sub-buffer for B
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+    region.origin = (extra1->offset);
+    region.size = nb10 * ne10 * ne11 * ne12;
+    B_sub_buffer = clCreateSubBuffer((extra1->data_device), 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+
+    img_fmt_1d = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
+    memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+    img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+    if (nb01 > nb02) {
+        img_desc_1d.image_width = (nb01 * ne01 / 4)/4;
+    }
+    else {
+        img_desc_1d.image_width = (nb02 * ne02 / 4)/4;
+    }
+    img_desc_1d.buffer = A_sub_buffer;
+    A_image1d = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    // create sub-buffer for output C
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+    region.origin = (extrad->offset);
+    region.size = ne0 * ne1 * dst->ne[2] * dst->nb[0]; // size of C in bytes
+    D_sub_buffer = clCreateSubBuffer((extrad->data_device), 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    // create image for C output
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+    img_fmt_1d = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+    memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+    img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+    img_desc_1d.image_width = ne0 * ne1 * dst->ne[2] * dst->nb[0] / 4;
+    img_desc_1d.buffer = D_sub_buffer;
+    D_image1d = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_WRITE_ONLY, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr ? local_work_size : (size_t[3]){0,0,0}, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    int offset_src0 = 0;
+    int offset_src1 = 0;
+
+    // set kernel args
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+    cl_uint k_arg = 0;
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_mem), &A_image1d));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &offset_src0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_mem), &B_sub_buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &offset_src1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_mem), &D_image1d));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &extrad->offset));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &M));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &K));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &N));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &ne12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),    &nb01));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[3] = {64, static_cast<size_t>(((M+63)/64)), static_cast<size_t>(((N+31)/32)*ne12)};
+    size_t local_work_size[3] = {64, 1, 2};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+
+    // deallocate sub buffers and images
+    // <--------------------------------------------> //
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(A_image1d));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(D_image1d));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(A_sub_buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_sub_buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(D_sub_buffer));
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_upscale(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_q4_1_f32_adreno(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
-    const ggml_scale_mode mode = (ggml_scale_mode) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
-    cl_kernel kernel = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 * extra0_q4_1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 *)src0->extra;
 
-    if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_upscale;
-        if (kernel == nullptr) {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: nearest upscale kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
-            return;
-        }
-    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
-        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_upscale_bilinear;
-        if (kernel == nullptr) {
-            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: bilinear upscale kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
-            return;
-        }
-    } else {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: unsupported upscale mode %d, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__, mode);
-        return;
-    }
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_src0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_dst  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    const int  ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int  ne01 = src0->ne[1];
 
-    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra_src0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong off_dst  = extra_dst->offset  + dst->view_offs;
+    const int  ne1 = dst->ne[1];
 
-    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
-    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
-    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
-    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % ggml_blck_size(src0->type) == 0);
 
-    const int ne00_src = src0->ne[0];
-    const int ne01_src = src0->ne[1];
+    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-    const int ne10_dst = dst->ne[0];
-    const int ne11_dst = dst->ne[1];
-    const int ne12_dst = dst->ne[2];
-    const int ne13_dst = dst->ne[3];
+    cl_int              err;
+    cl_image_format     img_fmt;
+    cl_image_desc       img_desc;
+    cl_buffer_region    region;
 
-    const float sf0 = (float)dst->ne[0] / src0->ne[0];
-    const float sf1 = (float)dst->ne[1] / src0->ne[1];
-    const float sf2 = (float)dst->ne[2] / src0->ne[2];
-    const float sf3 = (float)dst->ne[3] / src0->ne[3];
+    int M = ne01;
+    int N = ne1;
+    int K = ne00;
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_src0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_dst->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb00));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &nb03));
+    if (ne1 == 1) {
+        cl_mem q_img = nullptr;
+        cl_mem b_sub_buf = nullptr;
+        cl_mem b_img = nullptr;
+
+        // image for q
+        img_fmt = { CL_R, CL_UNSIGNED_INT32};
+        memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+        img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc.image_width = M * K / 2 / 4;
+        img_desc.buffer = extra0_q4_1->q;
+        CL_CHECK((q_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+        // subbuffer for activations
+        region.origin = offset1;
+        region.size = K * N * sizeof(float);
+        CL_CHECK((b_sub_buf = clCreateSubBuffer(extra1->data_device, 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err), err));
+
+        // image for activations
+        img_fmt = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
+        memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+        img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc.image_width = K * N / 4;
+        img_desc.buffer = b_sub_buf;
+        CL_CHECK((b_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32;
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &q_img));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->m));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &b_img));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_int),   &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_int),   &ne01));
 
-    if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int),       &ne10_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int),       &ne11_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne13_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float),    &sf0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(float),    &sf1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(float),    &sf2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(float),    &sf3));
-    } else if (mode == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int),       &ne00_src));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int),       &ne01_src));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne10_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne11_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne13_dst));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(float),    &sf0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(float),    &sf1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(float),    &sf2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(float),    &sf3));
-    }
+        size_t local_work_size[3] = {64, 4, 1};
+        size_t global_work_size[3] = {(size_t)CEIL_DIV(ne01/2, 64)*64, 4, 1};
 
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 
-    size_t dst_total_elements = (size_t)ne10_dst * ne11_dst * ne12_dst * ne13_dst;
-    if (dst_total_elements == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-    size_t global_work_size[] = { dst_total_elements, 1, 1 };
-    size_t local_work_size_pref = 256;
-    size_t local_work_size[] = { MIN(local_work_size_pref, dst_total_elements), 1, 1};
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(q_img));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_sub_buf));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_img));
+    } else {
+        cl_mem b_sub_buf = nullptr;
+        cl_mem b_sub_buf_trans = nullptr;
+        cl_mem b_img = nullptr;
+        cl_mem b_img_trans = nullptr;
 
-    size_t * local_work_size_ptr = local_work_size;
-    if (dst_total_elements % local_work_size[0] != 0 && !backend_ctx->non_uniform_workgroups) {
-        local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;
-    }
+        // subbuffer for activations
+        region.origin = offset1;
+        region.size = K * N * sizeof(float);
+        CL_CHECK((b_sub_buf = clCreateSubBuffer(extra1->data_device, 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err), err));
+
+        // image for activations
+        img_fmt = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
+        memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+        img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc.image_width = K * N / 4;
+        img_desc.buffer = b_sub_buf;
+        CL_CHECK((b_img = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+        // pad N to multiple of 8
+        int extra_elements = N % 8;
+        int padding = 0;
+        if (extra_elements > 0){
+            padding = 8 - extra_elements;
+        }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 1, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
+        // subbuffer for transposed activations
+        region.origin = 0;
+        region.size = K * (N + padding) * sizeof(float)/2;
+        backend_ctx->prealloc_act_trans.allocate(context, region.size);
+        CL_CHECK((b_sub_buf_trans = clCreateSubBuffer(backend_ctx->prealloc_act_trans.buffer, 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &err), err));
+
+        // image for transposed activations
+        img_fmt = {CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT};
+        memset(&img_desc, 0, sizeof(img_desc));
+        img_desc.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+        img_desc.image_width = K * (N + padding) / 4;
+        img_desc.buffer = b_sub_buf_trans;
+        CL_CHECK((b_img_trans = clCreateImage(context, 0, &img_fmt, &img_desc, NULL, &err), err));
+
+        // transpose activations
+        int height_B = N/4;
+        if (height_B == 0) {
+            height_B = 1;
+        }
+        int width_B = K/4;
+        int padded_height_B = (N + padding)/4;
+
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32_16;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &b_img));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &b_img_trans));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int),    &height_B));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int),    &width_B));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),    &padded_height_B));
+
+        size_t local_work_size_t[2] = { 1, 16 };
+        size_t global_work_size_t[2] = { (size_t)width_B, (size_t)padded_height_B };
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 2, global_work_size_t, local_work_size_t, dst);
+
+        // gemm
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32;
+        int padded_N = N + padding;
+
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->m));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &b_img_trans));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(cl_int),   &ne01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(cl_int),   &padded_N));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(cl_int),   &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(cl_int),   &ne1));
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    size_t profiling_gws[3] = {global_work_size[0], 1, 1};
-    size_t profiling_lws[3] = {local_work_size_ptr ? local_work_size[0] : 0, 1, 1};
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, profiling_gws, profiling_lws, dst);
+        size_t global_work_size[3] = {(size_t)CEIL_DIV(ne1, 8), (size_t)CEIL_DIV(ne01, 4), 1};
+        size_t local_work_size[3] = {1, 128, 1};
+
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_sub_buf));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_sub_buf_trans));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_img));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(b_img_trans));
+    }
 #else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 1, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
 #endif
 }
 
-static void ggml_cl_concat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_q8_0_f32_adreno(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(src1);
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const enum ggml_type src0t = src0->type;
+    const enum ggml_type src1t = src1->type;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
-    if (backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_contiguous == nullptr || backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_non_contiguous == nullptr) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: concat kernels not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0_cl = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1_cl = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad_cl = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * extra0_q8_0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 *)src0->extra;
 
-    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra0_cl->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong off_src1 = extra1_cl->offset + src1->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong off_dst  = extrad_cl->offset + dst->view_offs;
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->view_offs == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->view_offs == 0);
 
-    const int32_t dim = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-    GGML_ASSERT(dim >= 0 && dim <= 3);
+    const int  ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int  ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int  ne02 = src0->ne[2];
 
-    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-        if (dim == 3) {
+    const int  ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int  ne12 = src1->ne[2];
 
-            size_t nbytes_src0 = ggml_nbytes(src0);
-            size_t nbytes_src1 = ggml_nbytes(src1);
+    const int  ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int  ne1 = dst->ne[1];
 
-            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, extra0_cl->data_device, extrad_cl->data_device,
-                                         off_src0, off_dst, nbytes_src0, 0, NULL, NULL));
-            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueCopyBuffer(queue, extra1_cl->data_device, extrad_cl->data_device,
-                                         off_src1, off_dst + nbytes_src0, nbytes_src1, 0, NULL, NULL));
-        } else {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
+    GGML_ASSERT((ne00 % 32) == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == ne01);
 
-            cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_contiguous;
-            size_t global_work_size[3];
-
-            for (int i3 = 0; i3 < dst->ne[3]; ++i3) {
-                cl_ulong current_off_src0 = off_src0 + (i3 * src0->nb[3]);
-                cl_ulong current_off_src1 = off_src1 + (i3 * src1->nb[3]);
-                cl_ulong current_off_dst  = off_dst  + (i3 * dst->nb[3]);
-
-                int d_ne00 = src0->ne[0]; int d_ne01 = src0->ne[1]; int d_ne02 = src0->ne[2];
-                int d_ne10 = src1->ne[0]; int d_ne11 = src1->ne[1]; int d_ne12 = src1->ne[2];
-                int d_ne0  = dst->ne[0];  int d_ne1  = dst->ne[1];  int d_ne2  = dst->ne[2];
-
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0_cl->data_device));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &current_off_src0));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra1_cl->data_device));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &current_off_src1));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad_cl->data_device));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &current_off_dst));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),       &d_ne00));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(int),       &d_ne01));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(int),       &d_ne02));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(int),       &d_ne10));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &d_ne11));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &d_ne12));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &d_ne0));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &d_ne1));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &d_ne2));
-                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &dim));
-
-                global_work_size[0] = d_ne0;
-                global_work_size[1] = d_ne1;
-                global_work_size[2] = d_ne2;
-
-                CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL));
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_concat_f32_non_contiguous;
-
-        long ne00 = src0->ne[0], ne01 = src0->ne[1], ne02 = src0->ne[2], ne03 = src0->ne[3];
-        cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0], nb01 = src0->nb[1], nb02 = src0->nb[2], nb03 = src0->nb[3];
-
-        cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0], nb11 = src1->nb[1], nb12 = src1->nb[2], nb13 = src1->nb[3];
-
-        long d_ne0 = dst->ne[0], d_ne1 = dst->ne[1], d_ne2 = dst->ne[2], d_ne3 = dst->ne[3];
-        cl_ulong d_nb0 = dst->nb[0], d_nb1 = dst->nb[1], d_nb2 = dst->nb[2], d_nb3 = dst->nb[3];
-
-
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0_cl->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra1_cl->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad_cl->data_device));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
-
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(long),      &ne00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(long),      &ne01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(long),      &ne02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(long),      &ne03));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb00));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb01));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb02));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb03));
-
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb10));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb11));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb12));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &nb13));
-
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(long),     &d_ne0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(long),     &d_ne1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(long),     &d_ne2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(long),     &d_ne3));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &d_nb0));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &d_nb1));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &d_nb2));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 25, sizeof(cl_ulong),    &d_nb3));
-        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 26, sizeof(int),      &dim));
-
-        size_t global_work_size_nc[] = { d_ne1 > 0 ? (size_t)d_ne1 : 1,
-                                         d_ne2 > 0 ? (size_t)d_ne2 : 1,
-                                         d_ne3 > 0 ? (size_t)d_ne3 : 1 };
-
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size_nc, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL));
-    }
-}
+    cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
 
-static void ggml_cl_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    // init CL objects
+    cl_int              status;
+    cl_image_format     img_fmt_1d;
+    cl_image_desc       img_desc_1d;
+    cl_buffer_region    region;
+    cl_mem              A_image1d;
+    cl_mem              B_image1d;
+    cl_mem              B_sub_buffer;
+    cl_mem              S_image1d;
 
-    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
+    cl_mem              D_image1d;
+    cl_mem              D_sub_buffer;
 
-    if (backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding == nullptr) {
-        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: timestep_embedding kernel not available, skipping OpenCL execution.\n", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
+    int M = ne01;
+    int N = ne1;
+    int K = ne00;
 
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_src0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
-    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra_dst  = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+    // create an image for A
+    img_fmt_1d = { CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+    memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+    img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+    img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 4;    // Divide by 4 for char -> float
+    img_desc_1d.buffer = extra0_q8_0->q;
+    A_image1d = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    // create an image for Scale
+    img_fmt_1d = { CL_R, CL_HALF_FLOAT};
+    memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+    img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+    img_desc_1d.image_width = M * K / 32;    // Block size is 32
+    img_desc_1d.buffer = extra0_q8_0->d;
+    S_image1d = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    // create a sub_buffer for B
+    region.origin = (extra1->offset); // + src1->view_offs);
+    region.size = K * N * sizeof(float);
+    B_sub_buffer = clCreateSubBuffer((extra1->data_device), 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    // create an image for B from sub_buffer: RGBA (OCL)
+    img_fmt_1d = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
+    memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+    img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+    img_desc_1d.image_width = K * N / 4;
+    img_desc_1d.buffer = B_sub_buffer;
+    B_image1d = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    // Create subbuffer and image1d_buffer for dst
+    region.origin = (extrad->offset); // + dst->view_offs;
+    region.size = M * N * sizeof(float);
+    D_sub_buffer = clCreateSubBuffer((extrad->data_device), 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    img_fmt_1d = {CL_R, CL_FLOAT};
+    memset(&img_desc_1d, 0, sizeof(img_desc_1d));
+    img_desc_1d.image_type = CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER;
+    img_desc_1d.image_width = M * N;
+    img_desc_1d.buffer = D_sub_buffer;
+    D_image1d = clCreateImage(context, CL_MEM_WRITE_ONLY, &img_fmt_1d, &img_desc_1d, NULL, &status);
+    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+    size_t local_work_size[3] = {1, 1, 1};
+    size_t global_work_size[3] = {1, 1, 1};
+
+    if (N == 1) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->CL_mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f32;
+
+        int r2 = 1;
+        int r3 = 1;
+        cl_uint k_arg = 0;
 
-    cl_ulong off_src0 = extra_src0->offset + src0->view_offs;
-    cl_ulong off_dst  = extra_dst->offset  + dst->view_offs;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_mem),   &A_image1d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_mem),   &B_image1d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_ulong), &extra1->offset));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(cl_ulong), &extrad->offset));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  k_arg++, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+        size_t wavesize = backend_ctx->adreno_wave_size;
+        local_work_size[0] = wavesize;
+        local_work_size[1] = 4; // reduce factor
+        local_work_size[2] = 1;
+
+        global_work_size[0] = ((M + wavesize - 1) / wavesize) * wavesize;
+        global_work_size[1] = 4; // reduce factor
+        global_work_size[2] = 1;
+    } else {
+        cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+        cl_mem              B_image1d_trans = nullptr;
+        // for B transpose
+        cl_mem B_d = nullptr;
+        int padding;
+
+        //how many extra elements beyond multiple of 8
+        int extra_elements = N % 8;
+
+        //how much padding to add
+        padding = 0;
+        if (extra_elements > 0){
+            padding = 8 - extra_elements;
+        }
 
-    const int logical_dim = dst->op_params[0];
-    const int max_period  = dst->op_params[1];
-    const int dst_nb1_bytes = dst->nb[1];
+        // Specify the starting offset (in bytes)
+        region.origin = 0;
+        // Specify the size of the sub-buffer (divide by 2 for FP16)
+        region.size = K * (N + padding) * sizeof(float)/2;
+        backend_ctx->prealloc_act_trans.allocate(context, region.size);
+        B_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
+            backend_ctx->prealloc_act_trans.buffer,
+            0,
+            CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
+            &region,
+            &status);
+        CL_CHECK(status);
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_timestep_embedding;
+        cl_image_format image_format_B_d_output = { CL_RGBA, CL_HALF_FLOAT }; //(CL_HALF_FLOAT for FP16)
+        cl_image_desc image_desc_B_d_output = {
+            CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER,
+            static_cast<size_t>(K * (N + padding)/4),
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, { B_d }
+        };
+        B_image1d_trans = clCreateImage(
+            context,
+            0,
+            &image_format_B_d_output,
+            &image_desc_B_d_output,
+            NULL,
+            &status);
+        CL_CHECK(status);
 
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_src0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_src0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra_dst->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &off_dst));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),       &dst_nb1_bytes));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(int),       &logical_dim));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),       &max_period));
+        int height_B = N/4;
+        if (height_B == 0) {
+            height_B = 1;
+        }
+        int width_B = K/4;
+        int padded_height_B = (N + padding)/4;
+
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_transpose_32_16;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), &B_image1d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_mem), &B_image1d_trans));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(int),    &height_B));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(int),    &width_B));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(int),    &padded_height_B));
+
+        size_t local_size_t[2] = { 1, 16 };
+        size_t global_size_t[2] = {
+            static_cast<size_t>(width_B),
+            static_cast<size_t>(padded_height_B)
+        };
 
-    size_t gws0 = (size_t)(((logical_dim + 1) / 2) + 1);
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 2, global_size_t, local_size_t, dst);
 
-    size_t gws1 = (size_t)src0->ne[0];
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4;
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {gws0, gws1, 1};
+        int N_with_padding = N + padding;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 2, NULL, global_work_size, NULL, 0, NULL, &evt)); // Pass 2 for 2D problem
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->q));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->d));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &B_image1d_trans));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &K));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),      &M));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &N_with_padding));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &N));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+
+        global_work_size[0] = (size_t)(N + 7) / 8;
+        global_work_size[1] = (size_t)(M + 3) / 4;
+        global_work_size[2] = 1;
+
+        local_work_size[0] = 2;
+        local_work_size[1] = 128;
+        local_work_size[2] = 1;
+    }
+
+    // enqueue kernel with profiling
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    size_t profiling_gws[3] = {global_work_size[0], global_work_size[1], 1};
-    size_t profiling_lws[3] = {0,0,0}; // Reflects NULL LWS
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, profiling_gws, profiling_lws, dst);
+    // deallocate sub buffers and images
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(A_image1d));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_sub_buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_image1d));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(S_image1d));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(D_sub_buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(D_image1d));
 #else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 2, NULL, global_work_size, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL)); // Pass 2 for 2D problem
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -4853,7 +9343,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
     const enum ggml_type src1t = src1 ? src1->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
@@ -4865,6 +9354,10 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
 
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra0_q4_0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 * extra0_q4_1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_1 *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * extra0_mxfp4 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * extra0_q8_0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K * extra0_q6_K = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q6_K *)src0->extra;
 #endif
 
     const int  ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
@@ -4906,6 +9399,31 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
     cl_context context = backend_ctx->context;
 
+    if(src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32){
+        if (ne01 >= 64 && ne1 >= 32 && ne00 >= 16 && (ne12 % ne02) == 0  &&
+            // dst is wrapped with image1d_buffer, the size limit applies, also src0
+            (ne0 * ne1 * dst->ne[2] * dst->nb[0] / 4 <= backend_ctx->image_max_buffer_size)) {
+            // For KQ
+            if (ggml_is_permuted(src0) && ggml_is_permuted(src1) &&
+                ((nb01 * ne01 / 4)/4 <= backend_ctx->image_max_buffer_size) &&
+                nb00 <= nb02 &&
+                nb02 <= nb01 &&
+                nb01 <= nb03 &&
+                nb10 <= nb12 &&
+                nb12 <= nb11 &&
+                nb11 <= nb13) {
+                ggml_cl_mul_mat_kq_kqv_adreno(backend, src0, src1, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            // For KQV
+            if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) &&
+                ((nb02 * ne02 / 4)/4 <= backend_ctx->image_max_buffer_size)) {
+                ggml_cl_mul_mat_kq_kqv_adreno(backend, src0, src1, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     if (ne01 && ne1 && use_adreno_kernels(backend_ctx, src0)) {
 
     // init CL objects
@@ -4931,6 +9449,23 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
     int padding;
     // <--------------------------------------------> //
 
+    // NOTE: Kernels using image1d_buffer_t (e.g., src0_q) would normally require
+    // a limit check, but q4_0 / q4_1 tensors are very unlikely to exceed that
+    // limit, so the check is omitted.
+
+    // q4_1 x fp32
+    if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 && src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            ggml_cl_mul_mat_q4_1_f32_adreno(backend, src0, src1, dst);
+            return;
+    }
+
+    // q8_0 x fp32
+    if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 && src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+        enable_adreno_trans_weight(backend_ctx, src0)) {
+            ggml_cl_mul_mat_q8_0_f32_adreno(backend, src0, src1, dst);
+            return;
+    }
+
     // q4_0 x fp32
     if(src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 && src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
         // TODO: remove duplicate definitions of image description + format -- move to top
@@ -4985,8 +9520,10 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
             region.origin = 0;
             // Specify the size of the sub-buffer (divide by 2 for FP16)
             region.size = K * (N + padding) * sizeof(float)/2;
+            backend_ctx->prealloc_act_trans.allocate(context, region.size);
+
             B_d = clCreateSubBuffer(
-                backend_ctx->B_d_max,
+                backend_ctx->prealloc_act_trans.buffer,
                 0,
                 CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION,
                 &region,
@@ -5058,15 +9595,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
                 static_cast<size_t>(padded_height_B)
             };
 
-            #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-                cl_event evt;
-                CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 2, NULL, global_size_t, local_size_t, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-                g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-                populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_size_t, local_size_t, dst);
-            #else
-                CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 2, NULL, global_size_t, local_size_t, 0, NULL, NULL));
-            #endif
+            backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 2, global_size_t, local_size_t, dst);
         } else {
             // no need to transpose B in other cases
             // create an image for B from sub_buffer
@@ -5180,43 +9709,362 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
             local_work_size[1] = 4; // reduce factor
             local_work_size[2] = 1;
 
-            global_work_size[0] = (((M / 2) + wavesize - 1) / wavesize) * wavesize;
-            global_work_size[1] = 4; // reduce factor
-            global_work_size[2] = 1;
-        }
-        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+            global_work_size[0] = (((M / 2) + wavesize - 1) / wavesize) * wavesize;
+            global_work_size[1] = 4; // reduce factor
+            global_work_size[2] = 1;
+        }
+        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+
+        // enqueue kernel with profiling
+        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+
+        // deallocate sub buffers and images
+        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(A_image1d));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_sub_buffer));
+        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_image1d));
+
+        if (N != 1) {
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_d));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_d_input_image));
+            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(C_d));
+        }
+        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+
+        return;
+    }
+    } // if (ne01 && ne1)
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+
+    // GEMM using local memory
+    // Current BK = 16, so ne00 % 16 == 0
+    if (src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+        ne00 % 16 == 0 &&
+        ne11 > 1) {
+        switch(src0t) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm;
+                nth0 = 128; // calculated as (BM*BN)/(TM*TN)
+
+                int batch_stride_a = ne00*ne01;
+                int batch_stride_b = ne10*ne11;
+                int batch_stride_d = ne0*ne1;
+
+                cl_mem mem_src0 = extra0->data_device;
+                cl_mem mem_src1 = extra1->data_device;
+
+                cl_ulong nb00_cont = nb00;
+                cl_ulong nb01_cont = nb01;
+                cl_ulong nb02_cont = nb02;
+                cl_ulong nb03_cont = nb03;
+
+                cl_ulong nb10_cont = nb10;
+                cl_ulong nb11_cont = nb11;
+                cl_ulong nb12_cont = nb12;
+                cl_ulong nb13_cont = nb13;
+
+                cl_ulong offset0_cont = offset0;
+                cl_ulong offset1_cont = offset1;
+
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+                    backend_ctx->prealloc_src0.allocate(backend_ctx->context, ggml_nbytes(src0));
+                    ggml_cl_copy_to_contiguous(backend, src0, backend_ctx->prealloc_src0.buffer,
+                        nb00_cont, nb01_cont, nb02_cont, nb03_cont);
+                    mem_src0 = backend_ctx->prealloc_src0.buffer;
+                    offset0_cont = 0;
+                }
+
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+                    backend_ctx->prealloc_src1.allocate(backend_ctx->context, ggml_nbytes(src1));
+                    ggml_cl_copy_to_contiguous(backend, src1, backend_ctx->prealloc_src1.buffer,
+                        nb10_cont, nb11_cont, nb12_cont, nb13_cont);
+                    mem_src1 = backend_ctx->prealloc_src1.buffer;
+                    offset1_cont = 0;
+                }
+
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &mem_src0));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0_cont));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &mem_src1));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1_cont));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_a
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_b
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne01)); // stride_d
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_a));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_b));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+                // 64 is block tile size BM and BN - change here when BM and BN in the kernel are changed.
+                size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne01, 64)*nth0), (size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne11, 64)), (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+                size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, 1, 1};
+
+                backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm;
+                nth0 = 128; // calculated as (BM*BN)/(TM*TN)
+
+                int batch_stride_a = ne00*ne01;
+                int batch_stride_b = ne10*ne11;
+                int batch_stride_d = ne0*ne1;
+
+                cl_mem mem_src0 = extra0->data_device;
+                cl_mem mem_src1 = extra1->data_device;
+
+                cl_ulong nb00_cont = nb00;
+                cl_ulong nb01_cont = nb01;
+                cl_ulong nb02_cont = nb02;
+                cl_ulong nb03_cont = nb03;
+
+                cl_ulong nb10_cont = nb10;
+                cl_ulong nb11_cont = nb11;
+                cl_ulong nb12_cont = nb12;
+                cl_ulong nb13_cont = nb13;
+
+                cl_ulong offset0_cont = offset0;
+                cl_ulong offset1_cont = offset1;
+
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0)) {
+                    backend_ctx->prealloc_src0.allocate(backend_ctx->context, ggml_nbytes(src0));
+                    ggml_cl_copy_to_contiguous(backend, src0, backend_ctx->prealloc_src0.buffer,
+                        nb00_cont, nb01_cont, nb02_cont, nb03_cont);
+                    mem_src0 = backend_ctx->prealloc_src0.buffer;
+                    offset0_cont = 0;
+                }
+
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+                    backend_ctx->prealloc_src1.allocate(backend_ctx->context, ggml_nbytes(src1));
+                    ggml_cl_copy_to_contiguous(backend, src1, backend_ctx->prealloc_src1.buffer,
+                            nb10_cont, nb11_cont, nb12_cont, nb13_cont);
+                    mem_src1 = backend_ctx->prealloc_src1.buffer;
+                    offset1_cont = 0;
+                }
+
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &mem_src0));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0_cont));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &mem_src1));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1_cont));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_a
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_b
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne01)); // stride_d
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_a));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_b));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+                // 64 is block tile size BM and BN - change here when BM and BN in the kernel are changed.
+                size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne01, 64)*nth0), (size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne11, 64)), (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+                size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, 1, 1};
+
+                backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: {
+                if (ne11 < 32) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm;
+                nth0 = 128; // calculated as (BM*BN)/(TM*TN)
 
-        // enqueue kernel with profiling
-        // <--------------------------------------------> //
-    #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+                int batch_stride_a = ne00*ne01;
+                int batch_stride_b = ne10*ne11;
+                int batch_stride_d = ne0*ne1;
 
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-        // enqueue kernel without profiling
-    #else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-    #endif
-        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->q));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_a
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_b
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne01)); // stride_d
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_a));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_b));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+                // 64 is block tile size BM and BN - change here when BM and BN in the kernel are changed.
+                size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne01, 64)*nth0), (size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne11, 64)), (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+                size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, 1, 1};
+
+                backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: {
+                if (ne11 < 32) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+                    break;
+                }
 
-        // deallocate sub buffers and images
-        // <--------------------------------------------> //
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(A_image1d));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_sub_buffer));
-        CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_image1d));
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm;
+                nth0 = 128; // calculated as (BM*BN)/(TM*TN)
+
+                int batch_stride_a = ne00*ne01;
+                int batch_stride_b = ne10*ne11;
+                int batch_stride_d = ne0*ne1;
+
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->q));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->m));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_a
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_b
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne01)); // stride_d
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_a));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_b));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+                // 64 is block tile size BM and BN - change here when BM and BN in the kernel are changed.
+                size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne01, 64)*nth0), (size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne11, 64)), (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+                size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, 1, 1};
+
+                backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: {
+                if (ne11 < 32) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+                    break;
+                }
 
-        if (N != 1) {
-            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_d));
-            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(B_d_input_image));
-            CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(C_d));
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm;
+                nth0 = 128; // calculated as (BM*BN)/(TM*TN)
+
+                int batch_stride_a = ne00*ne01;
+                int batch_stride_b = ne10*ne11;
+                int batch_stride_d = ne0*ne1;
+
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->q));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_a
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_b
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne01)); // stride_d
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_a));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_b));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+                // 64 is block tile size BM and BN - change here when BM and BN in the kernel are changed.
+                size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne01, 64)*nth0), (size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne11, 64)), (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+                size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, 1, 1};
+
+                backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K: {
+                if (ne11 < 32) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src0) || !ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm;
+                nth0 = 128; // calculated as (BM*BN)/(TM*TN)
+
+                int batch_stride_a = ne00*ne01;
+                int batch_stride_b = ne10*ne11;
+                int batch_stride_d = ne0*ne1;
+
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->ql));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->qh));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->s));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_a
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne10)); // stride_b
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne01)); // stride_d
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_a));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_b));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &batch_stride_d));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+                // 64 is block tile size BM and BN - change here when BM and BN in the kernel are changed.
+                size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne01, 64)*nth0), (size_t)(CEIL_DIV(ne11, 64)), (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+                size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, 1, 1};
+
+                backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+                return;
+            }
+            default:
+                break;
         }
-        // <--------------------------------------------> //
+    }
 
+    if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+        src0->ne[1] > 32 &&   // M > 32
+        src1->ne[1] > 32 &&   // N > 32
+        src0->ne[0] > 32 &&   // K > 32
+        src0->ne[2] == 1 && src0->ne[3] == 1 &&
+        src1->ne[2] == 1 && src1->ne[3] == 1 &&
+        ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) &&
+        backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled != NULL) {
+        ggml_cl_mul_mat_f16_f32_tiled(backend, src0, src1, dst);
         return;
     }
-    } // if (ne01 && ne1)
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
 
     if (!ggml_is_transposed(src0) &&
         !ggml_is_transposed(src1) &&
@@ -5277,15 +10125,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
                 global_work_size[2] = (size_t)ne12*ne13;
             }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-            cl_event evt;
-            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-            g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-            populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-            CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+            backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
             return;
         }
 #else // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
@@ -5348,21 +10188,242 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
                 GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
             }
 
-            if (src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                if (ne11 * ne12 < 4) {
-                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_1row;
-                } else if (ne00 >= 128 && ne01 >= 8 && ne00%4 == 0) {
-                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_l4;
-                    nrows = ne11;
-                } else {
-                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32;
-                    nrows = 4;
-                }
-            } else {
-                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f16;
-                nrows = 4;
-            }
-
+            if (src1t == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                if (ne11 * ne12 < 4) {
+                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_1row;
+                } else if (ne00 >= 128 && ne01 >= 8 && ne00%4 == 0) {
+                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32_l4;
+                    nrows = ne11;
+                } else {
+                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32;
+                    nrows = 4;
+                }
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_f16_f16;
+                nrows = 4;
+            }
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            // This should have been satisfied.
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == ne1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne01 == ne0);
+
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 1;
+
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
+                ndst = 8;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 1;
+
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
+                ndst =8;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#else // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                // Use 1D local size. Each workgroup is a SIMD group. Each SIMD
+                // group produces N_DST (4 for Q4_0 kernel) values in the result.
+                // The number of workgroups on dim 0 (the leading dimension) is
+                // the nearest multiple of 4 that covers ne0 (equals ne01).
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 1;
+
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 1;
+
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_v;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1: {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 1;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 1;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat;
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_1->m));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#else
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 1;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 1;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32;
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            break;
+        }
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat;
+
+            // nth0 - subgroup size
+            // nth1 - number of subgroups per workgroup
+            // ndst - number of output values per workgroup = output per subgroup * number of subgroups
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#else
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32;
+
+            // nth0 - subgroup size
+            // nth1 - number of subgroups per workgroup
+            // ndst - number of output values per workgroup = output per subgroup * number of subgroups
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
@@ -5371,47 +10432,109 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &r2));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
             break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-            // This should have been satisfied.
-            GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == ne1);
-            GGML_ASSERT(ne01 == ne0);
+        }
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K: {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32;
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
             if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
                 nth0 = 16;
                 nth1 = 1;
-
-                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
-                ndst = 8;
+                ndst = 4;
             } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
                 nth0 = 64;
                 nth1 = 1;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
 
-                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
-                ndst =8;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),     &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(int),        &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),     &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(int),        &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),     &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),        &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),        &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),        &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong),   &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong),   &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),   &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),        &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong),   &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong),   &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong),   &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),        &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),        &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),        &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),        &r3));
+            break;
+        }
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_flat;
+
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = 4;
             } else {
                 GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
             }
 
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->q));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->ql));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->qh));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->s));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q6_K->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#else
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32;
+
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = 1;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = 1;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
@@ -5425,59 +10548,58 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &r2));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &r3));
-#else // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4: {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat;
+
+            cl_mem q;
             if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
-                // Use 1D local size. Each workgroup is a SIMD group. Each SIMD
-                // group produces N_DST (4 for Q4_0 kernel) values in the result.
-                // The number of workgroups on dim 0 (the leading dimension) is
-                // the nearest multiple of 4 that covers ne0 (equals ne01).
                 nth0 = 16;
-                nth1 = 1;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*2;
 
-                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32;
-                ndst = 4;
+                q = extra0_mxfp4->q;
             } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
                 nth0 = 64;
-                nth1 = 1;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*2;
 
-                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mat_q4_0_f32_v;
-                ndst = 4;
+                q = extra0_mxfp4->q_img;
             } else {
                 GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
             }
 
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_mxfp4->e));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &r2));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &r3));
-#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
-            break;
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
-            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#else
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32;
 
             if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
-                nth0 = 2;
-                nth1 = 16;
+                nth0 = 16;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*2;
             } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
-                nth0 = 2;
-                nth1 = 64;
+                nth0 = 64;
+                nth1 = 2;
+                ndst = nth1*2;
             } else {
                 GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
             }
@@ -5489,20 +10611,26 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &r2));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(float)*nth0,nullptr));
+#endif
             break;
+        }
         default:
             GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
     }
 
-    if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 ||
+    if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || src0t == GGML_TYPE_MXFP4 ||
         src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ||
         src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 ||
         src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K) {
@@ -5515,49 +10643,28 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
         size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(ne01 + ndst-1)/ndst*nth0, (size_t)ne11*nth1, (size_t)ne12*ne13};
         size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, (size_t)nth1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(ne01+ndst*nth1-1)/(ndst*nth1)*nth0, (size_t)ne11*nth1, (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+        size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, (size_t)nth1, 1};
+
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q3_K) {
         GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
     } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K) {
         GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
     } else if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
-        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(ne01+1)/2*nth0, (size_t)ne11*nth1, (size_t)ne12*ne13};
+        size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(ne01+ndst*nth1-1)/(ndst*nth1)*nth0, (size_t)ne11*nth1, (size_t)ne12*ne13};
         size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, (size_t)nth1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     } else {
         int64_t ny = (ne11 + nrows - 1)/nrows;
 
         size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth0, (size_t)ny*nth1, (size_t)ne12*ne13};
         size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth0, (size_t)nth1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     }
 }
 
@@ -5574,18 +10681,23 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
     GGML_ASSERT(src2->extra);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra2 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src2->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offset2 = extra2->offset + src2->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
+    GGML_UNUSED(offset0);
+
 #ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 * extra0_q4_0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q4_0 *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 * extra0_mxfp4 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_mxfp4 *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 * extra0_q8_0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl_q8_0 *)src0->extra;
 #endif
 
     const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
@@ -5594,56 +10706,325 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
     const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
     const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
     const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
+    const int ne13 = src1->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
+
+    const int ne20 = src2->ne[0];
+    const int ne21 = src2->ne[1];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb21 = src2->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb20 = src2->nb[0];
+
+    UNUSED(nb20);
+
+    const int ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+
+    const int r2 = ne12/ne02;
+    const int r3 = ne13/ne03;
+    const int dst_rows = ne20*ne21; // ne20 = n_used_experts, ne21 = n_rows
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
+
+    int sgs   = 32; // subgroup size
+    int nsg   = 1;  // number of subgroups
+    int nrows = 1;  // number of row in src1
+    int ndst  = 4;  // number of values produced by each subgroup
+
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+
+    // subgroup mat vec
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: {
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
+
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                sgs  = 16;
+                nsg  = 1;
+                ndst = 8;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                sgs  = 64;
+                nsg  = 1;
+                ndst = 8;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra2->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne20));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(int),      &ne21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0: {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat;
+
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                sgs  = 16;
+                nsg  = 2;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                sgs  = 64;
+                nsg  = 2;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
+
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q8_0->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra2->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne20));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+#else
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32;
+
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                sgs  = 16;
+                nsg  = 2;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                sgs  = 64;
+                nsg  = 2;
+                ndst = 4;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
 
-    const int ne10 = src1->ne[0];
-    const int ne11 = src1->ne[1];
-    const int ne12 = src1->ne[2];
-    const int ne13 = src1->ne[3];
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra2->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(int),      &ne20));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            break;
+        }
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4: {
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
+            if (use_adreno_moe_kernels(backend_ctx, src0)) {
+                cl_int status;
+
+                size_t local_size[3] = {64, 2, 1};
+                size_t global_size[3] = {64, 2, 1};
+
+                cl_mem src1_sub_buffer, buf_src1_image, buf_src2;
+
+                int tile_size = 320;
+                if (ne12 == 1) { // for gemv
+                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32;
+
+                    // create a sub_buffer for src2
+                    cl_buffer_region region;
+                    region.origin = offset2;
+                    region.size = ne20 * ne21 * sizeof(int);
+                    buf_src2 = clCreateSubBuffer(extra2->data_device, 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &status);
+                    CL_CHECK(status);
+
+                    // set thread grid
+                    global_size[0] = static_cast<size_t>(ne01);
+                    global_size[1] = 4;
+                    global_size[2] = static_cast<size_t>(ne20);
+                    local_size[1] = 4;
+                } else { // for gemm
+                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32;
+
+                    // preprocess router table
+                    int num_tiles_per_expert = (ne01 + tile_size - 1) / tile_size;
+                    void * host_src2_reorder = malloc(ne20 * ne21 * 4 * num_tiles_per_expert * sizeof(short));
+                    void * host_src2 = malloc(ne21 * nb21);
+                    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueReadBuffer(backend_ctx->queue, extra2->data_device, CL_TRUE, offset2, ne21 * nb21, host_src2, 0, NULL, NULL));
+                    int total_experts = nb21 / nb20;
+                    int out_idx = 0;
+                    for (int i_expert = 0; i_expert < ne02; i_expert++) {
+                        for (int i_tile = 0; i_tile < num_tiles_per_expert; i_tile++) {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < ne21; j++) {
+                                for (int i = 0; i < ne20; i++) {
+                                    int expert = ((int *)host_src2)[j * total_experts + i];
+                                    if (i_expert == expert) {
+                                        ((short *)host_src2_reorder)[out_idx] = static_cast<short>(expert);
+                                        ((short *)host_src2_reorder)[out_idx + 1] = static_cast<short>(j * ne11 + (i % ne11));
+                                        ((short *)host_src2_reorder)[out_idx + 2] = static_cast<short>(j * ne20 + i);
+                                        ((short *)host_src2_reorder)[out_idx + 3] = static_cast<short>(i_tile);
+                                        out_idx += 4;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    buf_src2 = clCreateBuffer(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY | CL_MEM_COPY_HOST_PTR, ne20 * ne21 * 4 * num_tiles_per_expert * sizeof(short), host_src2_reorder, &status);
+                    CL_CHECK(status);
 
-    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
-    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+                    // set thread grid
+                    global_size[0] = static_cast<size_t>(tile_size);
+                    global_size[2] = static_cast<size_t>(ne20 * ne21 * num_tiles_per_expert);
+                }
 
-    const int ne20 = src2->ne[0];
-    const int ne21 = src2->ne[1];
+                // create a sub_buffer for src1
+                cl_buffer_region region;
+                region.origin = offset1;
+                region.size = ne10 * ne11 * ne12 * sizeof(float);
+                src1_sub_buffer = clCreateSubBuffer(extra1->data_device, 0, CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION, &region, &status);
+                CL_CHECK(status);
+
+                // create image for src1
+                cl_image_format image_format_buf_src1 = {CL_RGBA, CL_FLOAT};
+                cl_image_desc image_desc_buf_src1 = {CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER, static_cast<size_t>(ne10 * ne11 * ne12 / 4), 0,0,0,0,0,0,0, {src1_sub_buffer}};
+                buf_src1_image = clCreateImage(backend_ctx->context, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, &image_format_buf_src1, &image_desc_buf_src1, NULL, &status);
+                CL_CHECK(status);
+
+                // Set kernel args
+                int arg_idx = 0;
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0_mxfp4->q));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extra0_mxfp4->e));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(cl_mem),    &buf_src1_image));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(cl_mem),    &buf_src2));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(cl_mem),    &extrad->data_device));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(cl_ulong),  &offsetd));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(int),       &ne00));
+                CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(int),       &ne01));
+                if (ne12 == 1) {
+                    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(int),       &ne11));
+                } else {
+                    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, arg_idx++, sizeof(int),       &tile_size));
+                }
 
-    const cl_ulong nb21 = src2->nb[1];
+                // launch kernel
+                backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_size, local_size, dst);
 
-    const int ne0 = dst->ne[0];
-    const int ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+                // deallocate sub buffers and images
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(src1_sub_buffer));
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buf_src1_image));
+                CL_CHECK(clReleaseMemObject(buf_src2));
+                return;
+            } // else fallback to generic kernel
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_USE_ADRENO_KERNELS
 
-    const int r2 = ne12/ne02;
-    const int r3 = ne13/ne03;
-    const int dst_rows = ne20*ne21; // ne20 = n_used_experts, ne21 = n_rows
+#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
+            cl_mem q;
+            if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
+                sgs  = 16;
+                nsg  = 2;
+                ndst = 2;
 
-    int sgs   = 32; // subgroup size
-    int nsg   = 1;  // number of subgroups
-    int nrows = 1;  // number of row in src1
-    int ndst  = 4;  // number of values produced by each subgroup
+                q = extra0_mxfp4->q;
+            } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
+                sgs  = 64;
+                nsg  = 1;
+                ndst = 4;
 
-    cl_kernel kernel;
+                q = extra0_mxfp4->q_img;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
+            }
 
-    // subgroup mat vec
-    switch (src0->type) {
-        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0: {
-            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_q4_0_f32_8x_flat;
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &q));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_mxfp4->e));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra2->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne20));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+#else // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32;
 
             if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == INTEL) {
                 sgs  = 16;
-                nsg  = 1;
-                ndst = 8;
+                nsg  = 2;
+                ndst = 2;
             } else if (backend_ctx->gpu_family == ADRENO) {
                 sgs  = 64;
-                nsg  = 1;
-                ndst = 8;
+                nsg  = 2;
+                ndst = 2;
             } else {
                 GGML_ASSERT(false && "TODO: Unknown GPU");
             }
 
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->q));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0_q4_0->d));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra2->data_device));
@@ -5651,23 +11032,23 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
             CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne20));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(int),      &ne21));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &r2));
-            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &r3));
-
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(int),      &ne20));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(int),      &ne21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb21));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(int),      &ne1));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(int),      &r2));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(int),      &r3));
+            CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(float)*sgs,nullptr));
+#endif // GGML_OPENCL_SOA_Q
             break;
         }
         default:
@@ -5680,15 +11061,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0,
     size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)(ne01+ndst*nsg-1)/(ndst*nsg)*sgs, (size_t)(_ne1+nrows-1)/nrows*nsg, (size_t)ne123};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)sgs, (size_t)nsg, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cl_scale(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -5701,10 +11074,11 @@ static void ggml_cl_scale(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, cons
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     float scale;
-    memcpy(&scale, dst->op_params, sizeof(scale));
+    float bias;
+    memcpy(&scale, ((int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&bias,  ((int32_t *) dst->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -5712,15 +11086,23 @@ static void ggml_cl_scale(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, cons
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_scale;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+
+    int n = ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    if (n % 4 == 0) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_scale_f32_4;
+        n /= 4;
+    } else {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_scale_f32;
+    }
 
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(float),    &scale));
-
-    int n = ggml_nelements(dst)/4;
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(float),    &bias));
 
     size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)n, 1, 1};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
@@ -5730,15 +11112,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_scale(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, cons
         local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
     }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cl_cpy(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -5751,31 +11125,15 @@ static void ggml_cl_cpy(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     // GGML_OP_DUP and GGML_OP_CONT happen between src0 and dst.
     UNUSED(dst);
 
-    const int ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
-
-    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0 ? src0->nb[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0 ? src0->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0 ? src0->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0 ? src0->nb[3] : 0;
-
-    const int ne10 = src1 ? src1->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int ne11 = src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 0;
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne1, src1, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb1, src1, nb);
 
-    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1 ? src1->nb[0] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 0;
-    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 0;
-
-    const enum ggml_type src0t = src0 ? src0->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
-    const enum ggml_type src1t = src1 ? src1->type : GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
+    const enum ggml_type src0t = src0->type;
+    const enum ggml_type src1t = src1->type;
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
@@ -5810,6 +11168,15 @@ static void ggml_cl_cpy(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
                     GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
             }
             break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+            switch (src1t) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                    kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_i32_i32;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
+            }
+            break;
         default:
             GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
     }
@@ -5840,15 +11207,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_cpy(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, src1);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, src1);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cl_dup(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -5856,6 +11215,89 @@ static void ggml_cl_dup(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     UNUSED(src1);
 }
 
+static void ggml_cl_set(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT((src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) &&
+        src1->type == src0->type && dst->type == src0->type);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne1, src1, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb1, src1, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne,  dst,  ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb,  dst,  nb);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    const cl_ulong pnb1    = ((const int32_t *)dst->op_params)[0];
+    const cl_ulong pnb2    = ((const int32_t *)dst->op_params)[1];
+    const cl_ulong pnb3    = ((const int32_t *)dst->op_params)[2];
+    const cl_ulong offs    = ((const int32_t *)dst->op_params)[3];
+    const bool     inplace = (bool)((const int32_t *)dst->op_params)[4];
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = nullptr;
+
+    // for inplace case, dst is a view of src0 and is updated on top of it
+    // so for non-inplace case, copy src0 to dst first
+    if (!inplace) {
+        ggml_cl_cpy(backend, src0, dst, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // then copy src1 to dst with specified offset
+    if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_f32_f32;
+    } else if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cpy_i32_i32;
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(false && "not implemented");
+    }
+
+    offsetd += offs;
+    cl_ulong nb = ggml_element_size(dst);
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &pnb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &pnb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &pnb3));
+
+    int max_local_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+
+    const int nth = MIN(max_local_size, ne00);
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne11*nth, (size_t)ne12, (size_t)ne13};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
 static void ggml_cl_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
@@ -5871,7 +11313,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * sr
     const int  ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -5895,15 +11336,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * sr
         size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne00*ne01*ne02/8, 1, 1};
         size_t local_work_size[] = {64, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
     } else {
         kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_diag_mask_inf;
 
@@ -5923,18 +11356,53 @@ static void ggml_cl_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * sr
             local_work_size_ptr = nullptr;  // Let driver choose the work-group sizes.
         }
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-        cl_event evt;
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-        g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-        populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
-#else
-        CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size_ptr, dst);
     }
 }
 
+static void ggml_cl_diag(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    UNUSED(src1);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne,  dst,  ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb,  dst,  nb);
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_diag_f32;
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_int),   &ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+
+    int nth = 64;
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne1*nth, (size_t)ne2, (size_t)ne3};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
+
 static void ggml_cl_soft_max(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
@@ -5950,32 +11418,50 @@ static void ggml_cl_soft_max(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, c
         GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
     }
 
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+    if (src2) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(src2->extra);
+    }
+
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = src1 ? (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra : nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra2 = src2 ? (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src2->extra : nullptr;
 
     cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
     cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
 
     cl_ulong offset1 = extra1 ? extra1->offset + src1->view_offs : offset0;
+    cl_ulong offset2 = extra2 ? extra2->offset + src2->view_offs : offset0;
 
-    const int  ne00 = src0 ? src0->ne[0] : 0;
-    const int  ne01 = src0 ? src0->ne[1] : 0;
-    const int  ne02 = src0 ? src0->ne[2] : 0;
-    const int  ne03 = src0 ? src0->ne[3] : 0;
+    const int ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const cl_long nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_long nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_long nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const int ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 0;
+    const int ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 0;
+
+    const cl_long nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 0;
+    const cl_long nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 0;
+    const cl_long nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 0;
+
+    const cl_long nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_long nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_long nb3 = dst->nb[3];
 
     float scale, max_bias;
     memcpy(&scale,    dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
     memcpy(&max_bias, dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    const int nrows_x = ggml_nrows(src0);
-    const int nrows_y = src0->ne[1];
-
-    const int n_head      = nrows_x/nrows_y;
+    const int n_head      = src0->ne[2];
     const int n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
 
     const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
@@ -6014,32 +11500,35 @@ static void ggml_cl_soft_max(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, c
     }
 
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   extra1 ? &extra1->data_device : &extra0->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(float),    &scale));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(float),    &max_bias));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(float),    &m0));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float),    &m1));
-    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &n_head_log2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   extra1 ? &extra1->data_device : &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   extra2 ? &extra2->data_device : &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(int),      &ne12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(int),      &ne13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 20, sizeof(float),    &scale));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 21, sizeof(float),    &max_bias));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 22, sizeof(float),    &m0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 23, sizeof(float),    &m1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 24, sizeof(int),      &n_head_log2));
 
     size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cl_rope(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -6051,7 +11540,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_rope(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
@@ -6120,6 +11608,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_rope(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     const bool is_neox = mode & 2;
     const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
     const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
+    const int  is_imrope = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE;
 
     if (is_mrope) {
         GGML_ASSERT(sections[0] > 0 || sections[1] > 0 || sections[2] > 0);
@@ -6210,22 +11699,85 @@ static void ggml_cl_rope(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 30, sizeof(float),    &attn_factor));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 31, sizeof(float),    &beta_fast));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 32, sizeof(float),    &beta_slow));
+    // both mrope and vision kernels have sections
     if (is_mrope || is_vision) {
         CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 33, sizeof(int32_t)*4, &sections));
     }
+    // only mrope has is_imrope
+    if (is_mrope && !is_vision) {
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 34, sizeof(int), &is_imrope));
+    }
 
     size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01*nth, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)nth, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+static void ggml_cl_solve_tri(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1->offset + src1->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_solve_tri_f32;
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel != nullptr);
+
+    const int n = src0->ne[0];
+    const int k = src1->ne[0];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb00 = src0->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb10 = src1->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb13 = src1->nb[3];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const cl_ulong nb1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const cl_ulong nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra1->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 6, sizeof(int),      &n));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 7, sizeof(int),      &k));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 8, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb10));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 14, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb12));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 15, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb13));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 16, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 17, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 18, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb2));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 19, sizeof(cl_ulong),&nb3));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[3]= { (size_t)k, (size_t)dst->ne[2], (size_t)dst->ne[3]};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {16, 4, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cl_im2col(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -6240,7 +11792,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_im2col(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, con
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -6309,15 +11860,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_im2col(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, con
     size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)num_blocks*256, (size_t)OH, (size_t)batch*IC};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {256, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cl_argsort(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -6332,7 +11875,6 @@ static void ggml_cl_argsort(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -6364,15 +11906,7 @@ static void ggml_cl_argsort(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
     size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne00_padded, (size_t)nrows, (size_t)1};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne00_padded, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
-
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cl_sum_rows(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -6383,10 +11917,8 @@ static void ggml_cl_sum_rows(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, c
     GGML_UNUSED(src1);
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(src0->type));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
 
     ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
-    cl_command_queue queue = backend_ctx->queue;
 
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
     ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
@@ -6407,7 +11939,14 @@ static void ggml_cl_sum_rows(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, c
     const cl_ulong nb2  = dst->nb[2];
     const cl_ulong nb3  = dst->nb[3];
 
-    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sum_rows_f32;
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+
+    const bool is_c4 = ne00 % 4 == 0;
+    if (is_c4) {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sum_rows_f32_4;
+    } else {
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_sum_rows_f32;
+    }
 
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
@@ -6424,18 +11963,232 @@ static void ggml_cl_sum_rows(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, c
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb2));
     CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  13, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb3));
 
-    size_t global_work_size[] = {(size_t)ne01, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {64 * (size_t)ne01, (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
     size_t local_work_size[] = {(size_t)64, 1, 1};
 
-#ifdef GGML_OPENCL_PROFILING
-    cl_event evt;
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, &evt));
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+}
 
-    g_profiling_info.emplace_back();
-    populateProfilingInfo(g_profiling_info.back(), evt, kernel, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
-#else
-    CL_CHECK(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(queue, kernel, 3, NULL, global_work_size, local_work_size, 0, NULL, NULL));
-#endif
+static void ggml_cl_cumsum(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(src0->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int,      ne0, src0, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(cl_ulong, nb0, src0, nb);
+
+    cl_kernel kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cumsum_blk;
+
+    int max_workgroup_size = backend_ctx->get_kernel_workgroup_size(kernel);
+    int nth = 1;
+    while (nth < ne00 && 2*nth <= max_workgroup_size) {
+        nth *= 2;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 <= nth*nth);
+
+    const int net0 = CEIL_DIV(ne00, nth);
+    const int net1 = ne01;
+    const int net2 = ne02;
+    const int net3 = ne03;
+
+    const cl_ulong nbt0 = sizeof(float);
+    const cl_ulong nbt1 = net0*nbt0;
+    const cl_ulong nbt2 = net1*nbt1;
+    const cl_ulong nbt3 = net2*nbt2;
+
+    static ggml_cl_buffer tmp_buffer;
+    tmp_buffer.allocate(backend_ctx->context, net0*ne01*ne02*ne03*sizeof(float));
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &tmp_buffer.buffer));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   4, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   5, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   6, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   7, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   8, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb00));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb02));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb03));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  13, sizeof(int),      &net0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  14, sizeof(int),      &net1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  15, sizeof(int),      &net2));
+
+    size_t global_work_size[] = { (size_t)(nth*net0*ne01), (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = { (size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
+
+    if(ne00 > nth) {
+        // if a single workgroup cannot handle an entire row, each workgroup
+        // computes a partial sum and stores to dst, tmp_buffer contains the sum
+        // of the each workgroup; cumsum this buffer and add to the partial sums in dst
+        cl_ulong offsett = 0;
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cumsum_blk;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &tmp_buffer.buffer));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsett));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   2, sizeof(cl_mem),   &tmp_buffer.buffer));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   3, sizeof(cl_mem),   &tmp_buffer.buffer));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   4, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsett));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   5, sizeof(int),      &net0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   6, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   7, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   8, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nbt0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  10, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nbt1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  11, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nbt2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  12, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nbt3));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  13, sizeof(int),      &net0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  14, sizeof(int),      &net1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  15, sizeof(int),      &net2));
+
+        size_t global_work_size_1[] = { (size_t)net1*nth, (size_t)net2, (size_t)net3};
+        size_t local_work_size_1[] = { (size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size_1, local_work_size_1, dst);
+
+        kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_cumsum_add;
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &tmp_buffer.buffer));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   1, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   2, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   3, sizeof(int),      &ne00));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   4, sizeof(int),      &ne01));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   5, sizeof(int),      &ne02));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   6, sizeof(int),      &ne03));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   7, sizeof(int),      &nbt0));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   8, sizeof(int),      &nbt1));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,   9, sizeof(int),      &nbt2));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  10, sizeof(int),      &nbt3));
+
+        size_t global_work_size_2[] = { (size_t)(nth*net0*ne01), (size_t)ne02, (size_t)ne03};
+        size_t local_work_size_2[] = { (size_t)nth, 1, 1};
+        backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size_2, local_work_size_2, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_cl_glu(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->extra);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->extra);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->extra);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1));
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_opencl_context *backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_opencl_context *)backend->context;
+
+    cl_kernel kernel;
+    switch (ggml_get_glu_op(dst)) {
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_geglu;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_f16;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_reglu;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_reglu_f16;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_swiglu;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_swiglu_f16;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+            kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_swiglu_oai;
+            break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_erf;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_erf_f16;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+            if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_quick;
+            } else {
+                kernel = backend_ctx->kernel_geglu_quick_f16;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported glu op");
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra0 = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src0->extra;
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extrad = (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)dst->extra;
+
+    ggml_tensor_extra_cl * extra1 = src1 ? (ggml_tensor_extra_cl *)src1->extra : nullptr;
+
+    cl_ulong offset0 = extra0->offset + src0->view_offs;
+    cl_ulong offsetd = extrad->offset + dst->view_offs;
+
+    cl_ulong offset1 = extra1 ? extra1->offset + src1->view_offs : offset0;
+
+    const int ne0       = dst->ne[0];
+
+    const cl_ulong nb01 = src0->nb[1];
+    const cl_ulong nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : nb01;
+
+    const cl_ulong nb1  = dst->nb[1];
+
+    const int   swp   = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const float alpha = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2);
+    const float limit = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 3);
+
+    const int ne00_off = src1 ? 0 : (swp ? ne0 : 0);
+    const int ne10_off = src1 ? 0 : (swp ? 0 : ne0);
+
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  0, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  1, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  2, sizeof(cl_mem),   src1 ? &extra1->data_device : &extra0->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  3, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offset1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  4, sizeof(cl_mem),   &extrad->data_device));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  5, sizeof(cl_ulong), &offsetd));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  6, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb01));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  7, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb11));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  8, sizeof(int),      &ne0));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel,  9, sizeof(cl_ulong), &nb1));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 10, sizeof(int),      &ne00_off));
+    CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 11, sizeof(int),      &ne10_off));
+
+    if (ggml_get_glu_op(dst) == GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI) {
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 12, sizeof(float), &limit));
+        CL_CHECK(clSetKernelArg(kernel, 13, sizeof(float), &alpha));
+    }
+
+    const size_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    size_t nth = 512;
+    size_t global_work_size[] = {nrows*nth, 1, 1};
+    size_t local_work_size[] = {nth, 1, 1};
+
+    backend_ctx->enqueue_ndrange_kernel(kernel, 3, global_work_size, local_work_size, dst);
 }
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -6461,12 +12214,24 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             func = ggml_cl_get_rows;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_set_rows;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CPY:
             if (!any_on_device) {
                 return false;
             }
             func = ggml_cl_cpy;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_set;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
         case GGML_OP_CONT:
             if (!any_on_device) {
@@ -6480,6 +12245,12 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             func = ggml_cl_add;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_add_id;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_MUL:
             if (!any_on_device) {
                 return false;
@@ -6498,6 +12269,24 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             func = ggml_cl_sub;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_sqr;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_sqrt;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_mean;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_UNARY:
             switch (ggml_get_unary_op(tensor)) {
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
@@ -6506,6 +12295,12 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
                     }
                     func = ggml_cl_gelu;
                     break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
+                    if (!any_on_device) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    func = ggml_cl_gelu_erf;
+                    break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
                     if (!any_on_device) {
                         return false;
@@ -6536,9 +12331,51 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
                     }
                     func = ggml_cl_tanh;
                     break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
+                    if (!any_on_device) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    func = ggml_cl_neg;
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                    if (!any_on_device) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    func = ggml_cl_exp;
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                    if (!any_on_device) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    func = ggml_cl_expm1;
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                    if (!any_on_device) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    func = ggml_cl_softplus;
+                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_glu;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_tri;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_fill;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
             if (!any_on_device) {
                 return false;
@@ -6557,6 +12394,12 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             func = ggml_cl_rms_norm;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_l2_norm;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
             if (!any_on_device) {
                 return false;
@@ -6581,6 +12424,18 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             ggml_cl_upscale(backend, tensor->src[0], tensor);
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_conv_2d;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_ssm_conv;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
             if (!any_on_device) {
                 return false;
@@ -6620,6 +12475,12 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             func = ggml_cl_nop;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_diag;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
             if (!any_on_device) {
                 return false;
@@ -6638,6 +12499,12 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             func = ggml_cl_rope;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_solve_tri;
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
             if (!any_on_device) {
                 return false;
@@ -6656,6 +12523,18 @@ bool ggml_cl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor
             }
             func = ggml_cl_sum_rows;
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            func = ggml_cl_cumsum;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            if (!any_on_device) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            ggml_cl_flash_attn(backend, tensor->src[0], tensor->src[1], tensor);
+            return true;
         default:
             return false;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/add.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/add.cl
index f73f3c01343..509bf17344e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/add.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/add.cl
@@ -81,3 +81,110 @@ kernel void kernel_add_row(
     uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
     dst[gid] = src0[gid] + src1[idx1];
 }
+
+kernel void kernel_add_f16(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong  offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong  offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong  offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        int   ne01,
+        int   ne02,
+        int   ne03,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int   ne10,
+        int   ne11,
+        int   ne12,
+        int   ne13,
+        ulong nb10,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        int   ne0,
+        int   ne1,
+        int   ne2,
+        int   ne3,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3,
+        int type_src0,
+        int type_src1
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst = dst + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    int i13 = i03 % ne13;
+    int i12 = i02 % ne12;
+    int i11 = i01 % ne11;
+
+    global char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01;
+    global char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*nb13 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11;
+    global char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*nb3  + i02*nb2  + i01*nb1;
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
+
+        half v0, v1;
+        if (type_src0 == 1) {
+            v0 = convert_half(*((global float *)(src0_ptr + i0*nb00)));
+        } else {
+            v0 = *((global half *)(src0_ptr + i0*nb00));
+        }
+
+        if (type_src1 == 1) {
+            v1 = convert_half(*((global float *)(src1_ptr + i10*nb10)));
+        } else {
+            v1 = *((global half *)(src1_ptr + i10*nb10));
+        }
+
+        *((global half *)(dst_ptr + i0*nb0)) = v0 + v1;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_add_row_f16(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong  offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong  offset1,
+        global half4 * dst,
+        ulong  offsetd,
+        int ne,
+        int type_src0,
+        int type_src1
+) {
+    dst = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    // This performs better than using %.
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
+
+    half4 v0, v1;
+    if (type_src0 == 1) {
+        global float4* src0_f32 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+        v0 = convert_half4(src0_f32[gid]);
+    } else {
+        global half4* src0_f16 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+        v0 = src0_f16[gid];
+    }
+
+    if (type_src1 == 1) {
+        global float4* src1_f32 = (global float4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+        v1 = convert_half4(src1_f32[idx1]);
+    } else {
+        global half4* src1_f16 = (global half4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+        v1 = src1_f16[idx1];
+    }
+
+    dst[gid] = v0 + v1;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/add_id.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/add_id.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e9c6d55e6a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/add_id.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// add_id
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_add_id(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * src2,
+    ulong         offset2,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb21,
+    int           ne0,
+    int           ne1
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    src2 = (global char*)((global char*)src2 + offset2);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+    int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const int i11 = *((global const int *) (src2 + i1*sizeof(int) + i2*nb21));
+
+    const size_t nb1 = ne0 * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t nb2 = ne1 * nb1;
+
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *)((global char *)dst  + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2);
+    global float * src0_row = (global float *)((global char *)src0 + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02);
+    global float * src1_row = (global float *)((global char *)src1 + i11*nb11);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] + src1_row[i0];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/concat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/concat.cl
index 132758469c6..0c1b3d785ca 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/concat.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/concat.cl
@@ -1,109 +1,51 @@
-kernel void kernel_concat_f32_contiguous(
-    global const char * p_src0, ulong off_src0,
-    global const char * p_src1, ulong off_src1,
-    global char * p_dst, ulong off_dst,
-    int d_ne00, int d_ne01, int d_ne02, // src0->ne[0..2] for the slice
-    int d_ne10, int d_ne11, int d_ne12, // src1->ne[0..2] for the slice (d_ne1X must match d_ne0X on non-concat axes)
-    int d_ne0,  int d_ne1,  int d_ne2,  // dst->ne[0..2] for the slice
-    int dim
+kernel void kernel_concat_f32(
+    global  const char * src0,
+    ulong                offset0,
+    global  const char * src1,
+    ulong                offset1,
+    global        char * dst,
+    ulong                offsetd,
+    int             ne00,
+    int             ne01,
+    int             ne02,
+    int             ne03,
+    ulong           nb00,
+    ulong           nb01,
+    ulong           nb02,
+    ulong           nb03,
+    ulong           nb10,
+    ulong           nb11,
+    ulong           nb12,
+    ulong           nb13,
+    int             ne0,
+    ulong           nb0,
+    ulong           nb1,
+    ulong           nb2,
+    ulong           nb3,
+    int             dim
 ) {
-    global const float * src0 = (global const float*)((global char*)p_src0 + off_src0);
-    global const float * src1 = (global const float*)((global char*)p_src1 + off_src1);
-    global float * dst        = (global float*)((global char*)p_dst + off_dst);
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
 
-    int i0 = get_global_id(0); // Index along dst's 0th dimension
-    int i1 = get_global_id(1); // Index along dst's 1st dimension
-    int i2 = get_global_id(2); // Index along dst's 2nd dimension
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
 
-    if (i0 >= d_ne0 || i1 >= d_ne1 || i2 >= d_ne2) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ulong dst_idx = (ulong)i2 * d_ne0 * d_ne1 + (ulong)i1 * d_ne0 + i0;
-    ulong src_idx;
-
-    if (dim == 0) {
-        if (i0 < d_ne00) { // Data from src0
-            src_idx = (ulong)i2 * d_ne00 * d_ne01 + (ulong)i1 * d_ne00 + i0;
-            dst[dst_idx] = src0[src_idx];
-        } else { // Data from src1
-            src_idx = (ulong)i2 * d_ne10 * d_ne11 + (ulong)i1 * d_ne10 + (i0 - d_ne00);
-            dst[dst_idx] = src1[src_idx];
-        }
-    } else if (dim == 1) {
-        if (i1 < d_ne01) { // Data from src0
-            src_idx = (ulong)i2 * d_ne00 * d_ne01 + (ulong)i1 * d_ne00 + i0;
-            dst[dst_idx] = src0[src_idx];
-        } else { // Data from src1
-            src_idx = (ulong)i2 * d_ne10 * d_ne11 + (ulong)(i1 - d_ne01) * d_ne10 + i0;
-            dst[dst_idx] = src1[src_idx];
-        }
-    } else if (dim == 2) {
-        if (i2 < d_ne02) { // Data from src0
-            src_idx = (ulong)i2 * d_ne00 * d_ne01 + (ulong)i1 * d_ne00 + i0;
-            dst[dst_idx] = src0[src_idx];
-        } else { // Data from src1
-
-            src_idx = (ulong)(i2 - d_ne02) * d_ne10 * d_ne11 + (ulong)i1 * d_ne10 + i0;
-            dst[dst_idx] = src1[src_idx];
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-kernel void kernel_concat_f32_non_contiguous(
-    global const char * p_src0, ulong off_src0,
-    global const char * p_src1, ulong off_src1,
-    global char * p_dst, ulong off_dst,
-
-    long ne00, long ne01, long ne02, long ne03,
-    ulong nb00, ulong nb01, ulong nb02, ulong nb03,
+    int o[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    o[dim] = dim == 0 ? ne00 : (dim == 1 ? ne01 : (dim == 2 ? ne02 : ne03));
 
-    ulong nb10, ulong nb11, ulong nb12, ulong nb13, // Strides for src1
+    global const float * x;
 
-    long d_ne0, long d_ne1, long d_ne2, long d_ne3,
-    ulong d_nb0, ulong d_nb1, ulong d_nb2, ulong d_nb3,
-    int dim
-) {
-    global const char * src0_base = p_src0 + off_src0;
-    global const char * src1_base = p_src1 + off_src1;
-    global char * dst_base        = p_dst + off_dst;
-
-    long current_i1 = get_global_id(0); // Index for dst_dim_1
-    long current_i2 = get_global_id(1); // Index for dst_dim_2
-    long current_i3 = get_global_id(2); // Index for dst_dim_3
-
-    if (current_i1 >= d_ne1 || current_i2 >= d_ne2 || current_i3 >= d_ne3) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    global const float * x_val_ptr;
-    global float * y_val_ptr;
-
-    for (long current_i0 = 0; current_i0 < d_ne0; ++current_i0) {
-        bool use_src0;
-        long s_i0 = current_i0, s_i1 = current_i1, s_i2 = current_i2, s_i3 = current_i3;
-
-        if (dim == 0) {
-            use_src0 = (current_i0 < ne00);
-            if (!use_src0) { s_i0 = current_i0 - ne00; }
-        } else if (dim == 1) {
-            use_src0 = (current_i1 < ne01);
-            if (!use_src0) { s_i1 = current_i1 - ne01; }
-        } else if (dim == 2) {
-            use_src0 = (current_i2 < ne02);
-            if (!use_src0) { s_i2 = current_i2 - ne02; }
-        } else { // dim == 3
-            use_src0 = (current_i3 < ne03);
-            if (!use_src0) { s_i3 = current_i3 - ne03; }
-        }
-
-        if (use_src0) {
-            x_val_ptr = (global const float *)(src0_base + (ulong)s_i3*nb03 + (ulong)s_i2*nb02 + (ulong)s_i1*nb01 + (ulong)s_i0*nb00);
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
+            x = (global const float *)(src0 + (i3       )*nb03 + (i2       )*nb02 + (i1       )*nb01 + (i0       )*nb00);
         } else {
-            x_val_ptr = (global const float *)(src1_base + (ulong)s_i3*nb13 + (ulong)s_i2*nb12 + (ulong)s_i1*nb11 + (ulong)s_i0*nb10);
+            x = (global const float *)(src1 + (i3 - o[3])*nb13 + (i2 - o[2])*nb12 + (i1 - o[1])*nb11 + (i0 - o[0])*nb10);
         }
 
-        y_val_ptr = (global float *)(dst_base + (ulong)current_i3*d_nb3 + (ulong)current_i2*d_nb2 + (ulong)current_i1*d_nb1 + (ulong)current_i0*d_nb0);
-        *y_val_ptr = *x_val_ptr;
+        global float * y = (global float *)(dst + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*nb1 + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = *x;
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/conv2d.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/conv2d.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e339c90cff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/conv2d.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#ifdef USE_FP16
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#define T_FLOAT half
+#define T_FLOAT4 half4
+#define VSTORE_T_FLOAT4(data, offset, p) vstore_half4_rte(data, offset, p)
+#else
+#define T_FLOAT float
+#define T_FLOAT4 float4
+#define VSTORE_T_FLOAT4(data, offset, p) vstore4(data, offset, p)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#else
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+#endif
+
+#define T_ACCUM float4
+#define VEC_SIZE 4
+
+#define BS_K 64
+#define BS_NPQ 64
+#define BS_CRS 16
+
+#define TS_K 4
+#define TS_NPQ 8
+
+#define WG_K (BS_K / TS_K)
+#define WG_NPQ (BS_NPQ / TS_NPQ)
+
+#define BS_NPQ_VEC (BS_NPQ / VEC_SIZE)
+#define TS_NPQ_VEC (TS_NPQ / VEC_SIZE)
+
+static inline uint splitWork(uint work_size, uint block_size){
+    return (work_size + block_size - 1) / block_size;
+}
+
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+kernel void kernel_conv_2d(
+    global void* p_knl,
+    ulong off_knl,
+    global void* p_src,
+    ulong off_src,
+    global void* p_dst,
+    ulong off_dst,
+    local void* shared,
+    uint Cout, uint Cin, uint N,
+    uint KW, uint KH, uint W, uint H, uint OW, uint OH,
+    uint s0, uint s1, uint p0, uint p1, uint d0, uint d1,
+    uint nb01, uint nb02, uint nb03,
+    uint nb11, uint nb12, uint nb13,
+    uint nb1, uint nb2, uint nb3
+) {
+    global T_FLOAT* knl_data = (global T_FLOAT*) ((global char*)p_knl + off_knl);
+    global T_FLOAT* src_data = (global T_FLOAT*) ((global char*)p_src + off_src);
+    global T_FLOAT* dst_data = (global T_FLOAT*) ((global char*)p_dst + off_dst);
+
+    const uint K = Cout;
+    const uint CRS = Cin*KH*KW;
+    const uint NPQ = N*OH*OW;
+
+    const uint lid_k = get_local_id(0);
+    const uint lid_npq = get_local_id(1);
+    const uint tid = lid_npq * WG_K + lid_k;
+
+    const uint B_idx_K = get_group_id(0);
+    const uint B_idx_NPQ = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const uint offset_k = B_idx_K * BS_K;
+    const uint offset_npq = B_idx_NPQ * BS_NPQ;
+
+    local T_FLOAT* Ash = (local T_FLOAT*)shared;
+    local T_FLOAT4* Bsh = (local T_FLOAT4*) &Ash[BS_K * BS_CRS];
+
+    T_ACCUM regC[TS_K][TS_NPQ_VEC];
+    for (int i = 0; i < TS_K; ++i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < TS_NPQ_VEC; ++j) {
+            regC[i][j] = (T_ACCUM)(0.0f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const uint NB_CRS = splitWork(CRS, BS_CRS);
+
+    for (uint B_idx_CRS = 0; B_idx_CRS < NB_CRS; ++B_idx_CRS) {
+        const uint offset_crs = B_idx_CRS * BS_CRS;
+
+        for (int i = tid; i < BS_K * BS_CRS; i += (WG_K * WG_NPQ)) {
+            const uint k_l = i / BS_CRS;
+            const uint crs_l = i % BS_CRS;
+            const uint k_g = offset_k + k_l;
+            const uint crs_g = offset_crs + crs_l;
+
+            if (k_g < K && crs_g < CRS) {
+                const uint Cin_idx = crs_g / (KW*KH);
+                const uint KH_idx = (crs_g - Cin_idx*KW*KH) / KW;
+                const uint KW_idx = crs_g - Cin_idx*KW*KH - KH_idx*KW;
+                const uint knl_idx = KW_idx + KH_idx*nb01 + Cin_idx*nb02 + k_g*nb03;
+                Ash[k_l * BS_CRS + crs_l] = knl_data[knl_idx];
+            } else {
+                Ash[k_l * BS_CRS + crs_l] = (T_FLOAT)0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = tid; i < BS_CRS * BS_NPQ_VEC; i += (WG_K * WG_NPQ)) {
+            const uint crs_l = i / BS_NPQ_VEC;
+            const uint npq_l_vec = i % BS_NPQ_VEC;
+            const uint crs_g = offset_crs + crs_l;
+
+            T_FLOAT4 val = (T_FLOAT4)(0.0f);
+            if (crs_g < CRS) {
+                const uint Cin_idx = crs_g / (KW * KH);
+                const uint KH_idx = (crs_g - Cin_idx * KW * KH) / KW;
+                const uint KW_idx = crs_g - Cin_idx * KW * KH - KH_idx * KW;
+                for (int v = 0; v < VEC_SIZE; ++v) {
+                    const uint npq_g = offset_npq + npq_l_vec * VEC_SIZE + v;
+                    if (npq_g < NPQ) {
+                        const uint N_idx = npq_g / (OH * OW);
+                        const uint pq_idx = npq_g % (OH * OW);
+                        const uint OH_idx = pq_idx / OW;
+                        const uint OW_idx = pq_idx % OW;
+                        const int H_idx = (int)(OH_idx * s1 + KH_idx * d1 - p1);
+                        const int W_idx = (int)(OW_idx * s0 + KW_idx * d0 - p0);
+
+                        if (H_idx >= 0 && H_idx < H && W_idx >= 0 && W_idx < W) {
+                            const uint src_idx = W_idx + H_idx * nb11 + Cin_idx * nb12 + N_idx * nb13;
+                            ((T_FLOAT*)&val)[v] = src_data[src_idx];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Bsh[crs_l * BS_NPQ_VEC + npq_l_vec] = val;
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (uint crs_l = 0; crs_l < BS_CRS; ++crs_l) {
+            T_FLOAT regA[TS_K];
+            for (uint k_l_reg = 0; k_l_reg < TS_K; ++k_l_reg) {
+                regA[k_l_reg] = Ash[(lid_k * TS_K + k_l_reg) * BS_CRS + crs_l];
+            }
+
+            for (uint npq_l_vec_reg = 0; npq_l_vec_reg < TS_NPQ_VEC; ++npq_l_vec_reg) {
+                T_FLOAT4 regB = Bsh[crs_l * BS_NPQ_VEC + lid_npq * TS_NPQ_VEC + npq_l_vec_reg];
+                for (uint k_l_reg = 0; k_l_reg < TS_K; ++k_l_reg) {
+                    regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg] = mad(convert_float(regA[k_l_reg]), convert_float4(regB), regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    for (uint k_l_reg = 0; k_l_reg < TS_K; ++k_l_reg) {
+        const uint k_g = offset_k + lid_k * TS_K + k_l_reg;
+        if (k_g >= K) continue;
+
+        for (uint npq_l_vec_reg = 0; npq_l_vec_reg < TS_NPQ_VEC; ++npq_l_vec_reg) {
+            const uint npq_g_base = offset_npq + (lid_npq * TS_NPQ_VEC + npq_l_vec_reg) * VEC_SIZE;
+
+            const uint N_idx = npq_g_base / (OH * OW);
+            const uint pq_idx = npq_g_base % (OH * OW);
+            const uint OH_idx = pq_idx / OW;
+            const uint OW_idx = pq_idx % OW;
+
+            if (nb1 == OW && OW_idx + VEC_SIZE <= OW && npq_g_base + VEC_SIZE <= NPQ) {
+                const uint dst_idx = OW_idx + OH_idx*nb1 + k_g*nb2 + N_idx*nb3;
+                VSTORE_T_FLOAT4(regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg], 0, &dst_data[dst_idx]);
+            } else {
+                T_ACCUM res = regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg];
+                for (int v = 0; v < VEC_SIZE; ++v) {
+                    const uint npq_g = npq_g_base + v;
+                    if (npq_g < NPQ) {
+                        const uint N_idx_s = npq_g / (OH*OW);
+                        const uint pq_idx_s = npq_g % (OH*OW);
+                        const uint OH_idx_s = pq_idx_s / OW;
+                        const uint OW_idx_s = pq_idx_s % OW;
+                        const uint dst_idx_s = OW_idx_s + OH_idx_s*nb1 + k_g*nb2 + N_idx_s*nb3;
+                        dst_data[dst_idx_s] = (T_FLOAT)(((float*)&res)[v]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/conv2d_f16_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/conv2d_f16_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb05637f33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/conv2d_f16_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#if defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#else
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+#endif
+
+#define T_ACCUM float4
+#define VEC_SIZE 4
+
+#define BS_K 64
+#define BS_NPQ 64
+#define BS_CRS 16
+
+#define TS_K 4
+#define TS_NPQ 8
+
+#define WG_K (BS_K / TS_K)
+#define WG_NPQ (BS_NPQ / TS_NPQ)
+
+#define BS_NPQ_VEC (BS_NPQ / VEC_SIZE)
+#define TS_NPQ_VEC (TS_NPQ / VEC_SIZE)
+
+static inline uint splitWork(uint work_size, uint block_size){
+    return (work_size + block_size - 1) / block_size;
+}
+
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+kernel void kernel_conv_2d(
+    global void* p_knl,
+    ulong off_knl,
+    global void* p_src,
+    ulong off_src,
+    global void* p_dst,
+    ulong off_dst,
+    local void* shared,
+    uint Cout, uint Cin, uint N,
+    uint KW, uint KH, uint W, uint H, uint OW, uint OH,
+    uint s0, uint s1, uint p0, uint p1, uint d0, uint d1,
+    uint nb01, uint nb02, uint nb03,
+    uint nb11, uint nb12, uint nb13,
+    uint nb1, uint nb2, uint nb3
+) {
+    global half* knl_data = (global half*) ((global char*)p_knl + off_knl);
+    global float* src_data = (global float*) ((global char*)p_src + off_src);
+    global float* dst_data = (global float*) ((global char*)p_dst + off_dst);
+
+    const uint K = Cout;
+    const uint CRS = Cin*KH*KW;
+    const uint NPQ = N*OH*OW;
+
+    const uint lid_k = get_local_id(0);
+    const uint lid_npq = get_local_id(1);
+    const uint tid = lid_npq * WG_K + lid_k;
+
+    const uint B_idx_K = get_group_id(0);
+    const uint B_idx_NPQ = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const uint offset_k = B_idx_K * BS_K;
+    const uint offset_npq = B_idx_NPQ * BS_NPQ;
+
+    local half* Ash = (local half*)shared;
+    local float4* Bsh = (local float4*) &Ash[BS_K * BS_CRS];
+
+    T_ACCUM regC[TS_K][TS_NPQ_VEC];
+    for (int i = 0; i < TS_K; ++i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < TS_NPQ_VEC; ++j) {
+            regC[i][j] = (T_ACCUM)(0.0f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const uint NB_CRS = splitWork(CRS, BS_CRS);
+
+    for (uint B_idx_CRS = 0; B_idx_CRS < NB_CRS; ++B_idx_CRS) {
+        const uint offset_crs = B_idx_CRS * BS_CRS;
+
+        for (int i = tid; i < BS_K * BS_CRS; i += (WG_K * WG_NPQ)) {
+            const uint k_l = i / BS_CRS;
+            const uint crs_l = i % BS_CRS;
+            const uint k_g = offset_k + k_l;
+            const uint crs_g = offset_crs + crs_l;
+
+            if (k_g < K && crs_g < CRS) {
+                const uint Cin_idx = crs_g / (KW*KH);
+                const uint KH_idx = (crs_g - Cin_idx*KW*KH) / KW;
+                const uint KW_idx = crs_g - Cin_idx*KW*KH - KH_idx*KW;
+                const uint knl_idx = KW_idx + KH_idx*nb01 + Cin_idx*nb02 + k_g*nb03;
+                Ash[k_l * BS_CRS + crs_l] = knl_data[knl_idx];
+            } else {
+                Ash[k_l * BS_CRS + crs_l] = (half)0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = tid; i < BS_CRS * BS_NPQ_VEC; i += (WG_K * WG_NPQ)) {
+            const uint crs_l = i / BS_NPQ_VEC;
+            const uint npq_l_vec = i % BS_NPQ_VEC;
+            const uint crs_g = offset_crs + crs_l;
+
+            float4 val = (float4)(0.0f);
+            if (crs_g < CRS) {
+                const uint Cin_idx = crs_g / (KW * KH);
+                const uint KH_idx = (crs_g - Cin_idx * KW * KH) / KW;
+                const uint KW_idx = crs_g - Cin_idx * KW * KH - KH_idx * KW;
+                for (int v = 0; v < VEC_SIZE; ++v) {
+                    const uint npq_g = offset_npq + npq_l_vec * VEC_SIZE + v;
+                    if (npq_g < NPQ) {
+                        const uint N_idx = npq_g / (OH * OW);
+                        const uint pq_idx = npq_g % (OH * OW);
+                        const uint OH_idx = pq_idx / OW;
+                        const uint OW_idx = pq_idx % OW;
+                        const int H_idx = (int)(OH_idx * s1 + KH_idx * d1 - p1);
+                        const int W_idx = (int)(OW_idx * s0 + KW_idx * d0 - p0);
+
+                        if (H_idx >= 0 && H_idx < H && W_idx >= 0 && W_idx < W) {
+                            const uint src_idx = W_idx + H_idx * nb11 + Cin_idx * nb12 + N_idx * nb13;
+                            ((float*)&val)[v] = src_data[src_idx];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Bsh[crs_l * BS_NPQ_VEC + npq_l_vec] = val;
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (uint crs_l = 0; crs_l < BS_CRS; ++crs_l) {
+            half regA[TS_K];
+            for (uint k_l_reg = 0; k_l_reg < TS_K; ++k_l_reg) {
+                regA[k_l_reg] = Ash[(lid_k * TS_K + k_l_reg) * BS_CRS + crs_l];
+            }
+
+            for (uint npq_l_vec_reg = 0; npq_l_vec_reg < TS_NPQ_VEC; ++npq_l_vec_reg) {
+                float4 regB = Bsh[crs_l * BS_NPQ_VEC + lid_npq * TS_NPQ_VEC + npq_l_vec_reg];
+                for (uint k_l_reg = 0; k_l_reg < TS_K; ++k_l_reg) {
+                    regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg] = mad(convert_float(regA[k_l_reg]), regB, regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    for (uint k_l_reg = 0; k_l_reg < TS_K; ++k_l_reg) {
+        const uint k_g = offset_k + lid_k * TS_K + k_l_reg;
+        if (k_g >= K) continue;
+
+        for (uint npq_l_vec_reg = 0; npq_l_vec_reg < TS_NPQ_VEC; ++npq_l_vec_reg) {
+            const uint npq_g_base = offset_npq + (lid_npq * TS_NPQ_VEC + npq_l_vec_reg) * VEC_SIZE;
+
+            const uint N_idx = npq_g_base / (OH * OW);
+            const uint pq_idx = npq_g_base % (OH * OW);
+            const uint OH_idx = pq_idx / OW;
+            const uint OW_idx = pq_idx % OW;
+
+            if (nb1 == OW && OW_idx + VEC_SIZE <= OW && npq_g_base + VEC_SIZE <= NPQ) {
+                const uint dst_idx = OW_idx + OH_idx*nb1 + k_g*nb2 + N_idx*nb3;
+                vstore4(regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg], 0, &dst_data[dst_idx]);
+            } else {
+                T_ACCUM res = regC[k_l_reg][npq_l_vec_reg];
+                for (int v = 0; v < VEC_SIZE; ++v) {
+                    const uint npq_g = npq_g_base + v;
+                    if (npq_g < NPQ) {
+                        const uint N_idx_s = npq_g / (OH*OW);
+                        const uint pq_idx_s = npq_g % (OH*OW);
+                        const uint OH_idx_s = pq_idx_s / OW;
+                        const uint OW_idx_s = pq_idx_s % OW;
+                        const uint dst_idx_s = OW_idx_s + OH_idx_s*nb1 + k_g*nb2 + N_idx_s*nb3;
+                        dst_data[dst_idx_s] = ((float*)&res)[v];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cpy.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cpy.cl
index 9369351a60c..820aa538a34 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cpy.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cpy.cl
@@ -182,3 +182,48 @@ kernel void kernel_cpy_f32_f32(
         dst_data[i00] = src[0];
     }
 }
+
+kernel void kernel_cpy_i32_i32(
+        global int * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global int * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne03,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int ne2,
+        int ne3,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = (global int*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst = (global int*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    int n = i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00;
+
+    int i3 = n / (ne2*ne1*ne0);
+    int i2 = (n - i3*ne2*ne1*ne0) / (ne1*ne0);
+    int i1 = (n - i3*ne2*ne1*ne0 - i2*ne1*ne0) / ne0;
+    int i0 = (n - i3*ne2*ne1*ne0 - i2*ne1*ne0 - i1*ne0);
+
+    global int * dst_data = (global int *) ((global char *) dst + i3*nb3 + i2*nb2 + i1*nb1 + i0*nb0);
+
+    for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const int * src = (global int *)((global char *) src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01 + i00*nb00);
+
+        dst_data[i00] = src[0];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cumsum.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cumsum.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..edfb74b7058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cumsum.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+// max workgroup size is usually 1024, this covers various subgroups sizes
+#define MAX_SUBGROUPS 128
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_cumsum_blk(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global char * tmp,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        int   ne01,
+        int   ne02,
+        int   ne03,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        uint net0,
+        uint net1,
+        uint net2
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    const int nth = get_local_size(0);
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+
+    const uint sg_size = get_sub_group_size();
+    const uint sg_id = get_sub_group_id();
+    const uint sg_lid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    const int ib = i1 / ne01;
+    const int i00 = ib * nth;
+    const int i01 = i1 % ne01;
+    const int i02 = i2;
+    const int i03 = i3;
+
+    global const float * src0_row = (global const float *)(src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01);
+    global       float * tmp_row  = (global float *)tmp + net0 * i01 + net0 * net1 * i02 + net0 * net1 * net2 * i03;
+    global       float * dst_row  = (global float *)dst + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00;
+
+    __local float partial[MAX_SUBGROUPS];
+
+    float v = 0.0f;
+    if (i00 + tid < ne00) {
+        v = src0_row[i00 + tid];
+    }
+
+    float s = sub_group_scan_inclusive_add(v);
+    if (sg_lid == sg_size - 1) {
+        partial[sg_id] = s;
+    }
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    // NB: subgroup size should be larger than number of subgroups
+    // assuming max workgroup size of 1024, subgroup size should be >= 32
+    if (sg_id == 0) {
+        float x = 0.0f;
+        if (sg_lid < get_num_sub_groups()) {
+            x = partial[sg_lid];
+        }
+        float ex = sub_group_scan_exclusive_add(x);
+        if (sg_lid < get_num_sub_groups()) {
+            partial[sg_lid] = ex;
+        }
+    }
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    s += partial[sg_id];
+
+    if (i00 + tid < ne00) {
+        dst_row[i00 + tid] = s;
+    }
+    if (ne00 > nth && tid == nth - 1) {
+        tmp_row[ib] = s;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_cumsum_add(
+        global char * tmp,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        int   ne01,
+        int   ne02,
+        int   ne03,
+        uint nbt0,
+        uint nbt1,
+        uint nbt2,
+        uint nbt3
+) {
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    const int nth = get_local_size(0);
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+
+    const int ib = i1 / ne01;
+    if (ib == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const int i00 = ib * nth;
+    const int i01 = i1 % ne01;
+    const int i02 = i2;
+    const int i03 = i3;
+
+    global float * tmp_row  = (global float *)(tmp + nbt1 * i01 + nbt2 * i02 + nbt3 * i03);
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *)dst + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00;
+
+    if (i00 + tid < ne00) {
+        dst_row[i00 + tid] += tmp_row[ib - 1];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cvt.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cvt.cl
index fe7975e3dbf..78ef9c177f6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cvt.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cvt.cl
@@ -46,6 +46,25 @@ struct block_q4_0
     uint8_t qs[QK4_0 / 2];
 };
 
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// block_q4_1
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct block_q4_1 {
+    half d; // delta
+    half m; // min
+    uchar qs[QK4_1 / 2]; // nibbles / quants
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// block_q6_K
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct block_q6_K {
+    uint8_t ql[QK_K/2];      // quants, lower 4 bits
+    uint8_t qh[QK_K/4];      // quants, upper 2 bits
+    int8_t  scales[QK_K/16]; // scales, quantized with 8 bits
+    half d;                  // super-block scale
+};
+
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // kernel_convert_block_q4_0
 // Convert the block_q4_0 format to 2 separate arrays (AOS -> SOA).
@@ -116,3 +135,335 @@ kernel void kernel_convert_block_q4_0_noshuffle(
 #endif
     }
 }
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_q4_0_noshuffle(
+    global uchar * src_q,
+    global half  * src_d,
+    global struct block_q4_0 * dst,
+    uchar mask_0F,
+    uchar mask_F0
+) {
+    global struct block_q4_0 * b = (global struct block_q4_0 *) dst + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * q = (global uchar *) src_q + QK4_0/2*get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * d = (global half *) src_d + get_global_id(0);
+
+    b->d = *d;
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_0/4; ++i) {
+        uchar x0 = q[i + 0      ] ;
+        uchar x1 = q[i + QK4_0/4];
+
+        b->qs[2*i + 0] = convert_uchar((x0 & mask_0F) | ((x1 & mask_0F) << 4));
+        b->qs[2*i + 1] = convert_uchar(((x0 & mask_F0) >> 4) | (x1 & mask_F0));
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// kernel_convert_block_q4_1
+// Convert the block_q4_1 format to 2 separate arrays (AOS -> SOA).
+// This kernel does not deshuffle the bits.
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_convert_block_q4_1(
+    global struct block_q4_1 * src0,
+    global uchar * dst_q,
+    global half  * dst_d,
+    global half  * dst_m
+) {
+    global struct block_q4_1 * b = (global struct block_q4_1 *) src0 + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * q = (global uchar *) dst_q + QK4_1/2*get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * d = (global half *) dst_d + get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * m = (global half *) dst_m + get_global_id(0);
+
+    *d = b->d;
+    *m = b->m;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_1/2; ++i) {
+        q[i] = b->qs[i];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_q4_1(
+    global uchar * src_q,
+    global half  * src_d,
+    global half  * src_m,
+    global struct block_q4_1 * dst
+) {
+    global struct block_q4_1 * b = (global struct block_q4_1 *) dst + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * q = (global uchar *) src_q + QK4_1/2*get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * d = (global half *) src_d + get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * m = (global half *) src_m + get_global_id(0);
+
+    b->d = *d;
+    b->m = *m;
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_1/2; ++i) {
+        b->qs[i] = q[i];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_convert_block_q4_1_noshuffle(
+    global struct block_q4_1 * src0,
+    global uchar * dst_q,
+    global half  * dst_d,
+    global half  * dst_m
+) {
+    global struct block_q4_1 * b = (global struct block_q4_1 *) src0 + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * q = (global uchar *) dst_q + QK4_1/2*get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * d = (global half *) dst_d + get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * m = (global half *) dst_m + get_global_id(0);
+
+    *d = b->d;
+    *m = b->m;
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_1/4; ++i) {
+        uchar x0 = b->qs[2*i + 0];
+        uchar x1 = b->qs[2*i + 1];
+
+        q[i + 0      ] = convert_uchar(x0 & 0x0F) | convert_uchar((x1 & 0x0F) << 4);
+        q[i + QK4_1/4] = convert_uchar((x0 & 0xF0) >> 4) | convert_uchar(x1 & 0xF0);
+
+#ifdef ADRENO_GPU
+        if (get_global_id(0) == 65536*4096) {
+            printf("%04x - %02x\n", *(global ushort*)d, ((x0 & 0xF0) >> 4) | (x1 & 0xF0));
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_q4_1_noshuffle(
+    global uchar * src_q,
+    global half  * src_d,
+    global half  * src_m,
+    global struct block_q4_1 * dst,
+    uchar mask_0F,
+    uchar mask_F0
+) {
+    global struct block_q4_1 * b = (global struct block_q4_1 *) dst + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * q = (global uchar *) src_q + QK4_1/2*get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * d = (global half *) src_d + get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * m = (global half *) src_m + get_global_id(0);
+
+    b->d = *d;
+    b->m = *m;
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_1/4; ++i) {
+        uchar x0 = q[i + 0      ] ;
+        uchar x1 = q[i + QK4_1/4];
+
+        b->qs[2*i + 0] = convert_uchar((x0 & mask_0F) | ((x1 & mask_0F) << 4));
+        b->qs[2*i + 1] = convert_uchar(((x0 & mask_F0) >> 4) | (x1 & mask_F0));
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// block_mxfp4
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+struct block_mxfp4 {
+    uchar e; // E8M0
+    uchar qs[QK_MXFP4 / 2];
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// kernel_convert_block_mxfp4
+// Convert the block_mxfp4 format to 2 separate arrays (AOS -> SOA).
+// This kernel does not deshuffle the bits.
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_convert_block_mxfp4(
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * src0,
+    global uchar * dst_q,
+    global uchar * dst_e
+) {
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * b = (global struct block_mxfp4 *) src0 + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * q = (global uchar *) dst_q + QK_MXFP4 / 2 * get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * e = (global uchar *) dst_e + get_global_id(0);
+
+    *e = b->e;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_MXFP4 / 2; ++i) {
+        q[i] = b->qs[i];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_convert_block_mxfp4_trans(
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * src0,
+    __global uint4 * dst_q,
+    __global uchar * dst_e,
+    uint ne00,
+    uint ne01
+) {
+    int i00 = get_global_id(1);
+    uint i01 = get_global_id(0);
+    uint i02 = get_global_id(2);
+
+    uint ne00_blk = ne00 / QK_MXFP4;
+    uint src_blk_offset = i00 + i01 * ne00_blk + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+    uint dst_blk_offset = i01 + i00 * ne01 + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * b = src0 + src_blk_offset;
+
+    dst_q[dst_blk_offset] = ((global uint4 *)(&(b->qs[0])))[0];
+    dst_e[dst_blk_offset] = b->e;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_mxfp4(
+    global uchar * src_q,
+    global half  * src_e,
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * dst
+) {
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * b = (global struct block_mxfp4 *) dst + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * q = (global uchar *) src_q + QK_MXFP4 / 2 * get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * e = (global uchar *) src_e + get_global_id(0);
+
+    b->e = *e;
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_MXFP4 / 2; ++i) {
+        b->qs[i] = q[i];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_mxfp4_trans(
+    __global uint4 * src_q,
+    __global uchar * src_e,
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * dst,
+    uint ne00,
+    uint ne01
+) {
+    int i00 = get_global_id(1);
+    uint i01 = get_global_id(0);
+    uint i02 = get_global_id(2);
+
+    uint ne00_blk = ne00 / QK_MXFP4;
+    uint src_blk_offset = i01 + i00 * ne01 + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+    uint dst_blk_offset = i00 + i01 * ne00_blk + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+
+    global struct block_mxfp4 * b = dst + dst_blk_offset;
+
+    ((global uint4 *)(&(b->qs[0])))[0] = src_q[src_blk_offset];
+    b->e = src_e[src_blk_offset];
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// block_q8_0
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+typedef struct {
+    half d;       // delta
+    char qs[QK8_0]; // quants
+} block_q8_0;
+
+kernel void kernel_convert_block_q8_0(
+    global block_q8_0 * src0,
+    global uchar * dst_q,
+    global half  * dst_d
+) {
+    global block_q8_0 * b = (global block_q8_0 *) src0 + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar      * q = (global uchar *) dst_q + QK8_0*get_global_id(0);
+    global half       * d = (global half *) dst_d + get_global_id(0);
+
+    *d = b->d;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK8_0; ++i) {
+        q[i] = b->qs[i];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_q8_0(
+    global uchar * src_q,
+    global half  * src_d,
+    global block_q8_0 * dst
+) {
+    global block_q8_0 * b = (global block_q8_0 *) dst + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar      * q = (global uchar *) src_q + QK8_0*get_global_id(0);
+    global half       * d = (global half *) src_d + get_global_id(0);
+
+    b->d = *d;
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK8_0; ++i) {
+        b->qs[i] = q[i];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_q8_0_trans(
+    global uchar * src_q,
+    global half  * src_d,
+    global block_q8_0 * dst,
+    uint ne00,
+    uint ne01
+){
+    uint num_blk_per_row = ne00 / QK8_0;
+
+    global block_q8_0 * b = (global block_q8_0 *) dst + get_global_id(0) * num_blk_per_row;
+    global uchar      * q = (global uchar *) src_q + get_global_id(0) * 4; // 4 8-bit packed
+    global half       * d = (global half *) src_d + get_global_id(0);
+
+    for (uint blk = 0; blk < num_blk_per_row; blk++) {
+        b->d = *d;
+
+        for (uint i = 0; i < QK8_0; i+=4) {
+            b->qs[i]   = q[0];
+            b->qs[i+1] = q[1];
+            b->qs[i+2] = q[2];
+            b->qs[i+3] = q[3];
+
+            q += 4 * ne01; // M stride
+        }
+
+        d += ne01;
+
+        b++;
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// kernel_convert_block_q6_K
+// Convert the block_q6_K format to 3 separate arrays (AOS -> SOA).
+// This kernel does not deshuffle the bits.
+// Each thread processes a super block.
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_convert_block_q6_K(
+    global struct block_q6_K * src0,
+    global uchar * dst_ql,
+    global uchar * dst_qh,
+    global char  * dst_s,
+    global half  * dst_d
+) {
+    global struct block_q6_K * b = (global struct block_q6_K *) src0 + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * ql = (global uchar *) dst_ql + QK_K/2*get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * qh = (global uchar *) dst_qh + QK_K/4*get_global_id(0);
+    global char  * s  = (global char  *) dst_s  + QK_K/16*get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * d  = (global half  *) dst_d  + get_global_id(0);
+
+    *d = b->d;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_K/2; ++i) {
+        ql[i] = b->ql[i];
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_K/4; ++i) {
+        qh[i] = b->qh[i];
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_K/16; ++i) {
+        s[i] = b->scales[i];
+    }
+}
+
+// Restore block_q6_K from flattened arrays.
+// Each thread processes a super block.
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_q6_K(
+    global uchar * dst_ql,
+    global uchar * dst_qh,
+    global char  * dst_s,
+    global half  * dst_d,
+    global struct block_q6_K * dst
+) {
+    global struct block_q6_K * b = (global struct block_q6_K *) dst + get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * ql = (global uchar *) dst_ql + QK_K/2*get_global_id(0);
+    global uchar * qh = (global uchar *) dst_qh + QK_K/4*get_global_id(0);
+    global char  * s  = (global char  *) dst_s  + QK_K/16*get_global_id(0);
+    global half  * d  = (global half  *) dst_d  + get_global_id(0);
+
+    b->d = *d;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_K/2; ++i) {
+        b->ql[i] = ql[i];
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_K/4; ++i) {
+        b->qh[i] = qh[i];
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK_K/16; ++i) {
+        b->scales[i] = s[i];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/diag.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/diag.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..884efa08fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/diag.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+kernel void kernel_diag_f32(
+    global const char * src0,
+    ulong               offset0,
+    global       char * dst,
+    ulong               offsetd,
+    ulong               nb01,
+    ulong               nb02,
+    ulong               nb03,
+    int                 ne0,
+    ulong               nb0,
+    ulong               nb2,
+    ulong               nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    global const float * src0_ptr = (global const float *)(src0 +           i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
+    global       float * dst_ptr  = (global       float *)(dst  + i1*nb01 + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        dst_ptr[i0] = i0 == i1 ? src0_ptr[i0] : 0.0f;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/div.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/div.cl
index d453ad99be4..6d9b4ade9fe 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/div.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/div.cl
@@ -70,3 +70,69 @@ kernel void kernel_div_row(
     uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
     dst[gid] = src0[gid] / src1[idx1];
 }
+
+kernel void kernel_div_f16(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne11,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb10,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        int ne0,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    int i13 = i03 % ne13;
+    int i12 = i02 % ne12;
+    int i11 = i01 % ne11;
+
+    global char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01;
+    global char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*nb13 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11;
+    global char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*nb3  + i02*nb2  + i01*nb1;
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
+        *((global half *)(dst_ptr + i0*nb0)) = *((global half *)(src0_ptr + i0*nb00)) / *((global half *)(src1_ptr + i10*nb10));
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_div_row_f16(
+        global half4 * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global half4 * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global half4 * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global half4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    // This performs better than using %.
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
+    dst[gid] = src0[gid] / src1[idx1];
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/exp.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/exp.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2458b6579c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/exp.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+kernel void kernel_exp_f32(
+        global const float * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       float * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd,
+        int                  n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_exp_f32_4(
+        global const float4 * src0,
+        ulong                 offset0,
+        global       float4 * dst,
+        ulong                 offsetd,
+        int                   n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_exp_f16(
+        global const half * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       half * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int                 n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global half*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_exp_f16_4(
+        global const half4 * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       half4 * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd,
+        int                  n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_exp_f32_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const float * x = (global const float *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       float * y = (global       float *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = exp(*x);
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_exp_f16_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const half * x = (global const half *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       half * y = (global       half *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = exp(*x);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/expm1.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/expm1.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05442ac2043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/expm1.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// expm1
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+kernel void kernel_expm1_f32(
+        global const float * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       float * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]) - 1.0f;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_expm1_f32_4(
+        global const float4 * src0,
+        ulong                 offset0,
+        global       float4 * dst,
+        ulong                 offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]) - 1.0f;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_expm1_f16(
+        global const half * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       half * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]) - 1.0h;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_expm1_f16_4(
+        global const half4 * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       half4 * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]) - 1.0h;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_expm1_f32_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const float * x = (global const float *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       float * y = (global       float *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = exp(*x) - 1.0f;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_expm1_f16_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const half * x = (global const half *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       half * y = (global       half *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = exp(*x) - 1.0f;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/fill.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/fill.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b73938d939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/fill.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// fill
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+__kernel void kernel_fill_f32(
+        __global float *dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        float v,
+        int n
+
+) {
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+    if(get_global_id(0) < n){
+        dst[get_global_id(0)] = v;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f16.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f16.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f43c4f27d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f16.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define ACC_TYPE float
+#define ACC_TYPE4 float4
+#define DATA_TYPE half
+#define DATA_TYPE4 half4
+#define CONVERT_ACC4(x) convert_float4(x)
+#define CONVERT_DATA4(x) convert_half4(x)
+
+#define DK_VEC (DK/4)
+#define DV_VEC (DV/4)
+#define WG_SIZE (BLOCK_M)
+#define Q1_WG_SIZE 64
+
+inline float get_alibi_slope(
+    const float max_bias, const uint h, const uint n_head_log2, const float m0, const float m1
+) {
+    if (max_bias <= 0.0f) {
+        return 1.0f;
+    }
+    const float base = h < n_head_log2 ? m0 : m1;
+    const int   exph = h < n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1;
+
+    return pow(base, exph);
+}
+__kernel void flash_attn_f16(
+    const global void * q_void, ulong q_offset,
+    const global void * k_void, ulong k_offset,
+    const global void * v_void, ulong v_offset,
+    global void * o_void, ulong o_offset,
+    const float scale,
+    const int n_q,
+    const int n_kv,
+    const int is_causal,
+    const int n_head,
+    const ulong q_nb1, const ulong q_nb2, const ulong q_nb3,
+    const ulong k_nb1, const ulong k_nb2, const ulong k_nb3,
+    const ulong v_nb1, const ulong v_nb2, const ulong v_nb3,
+    const ulong o_nb1, const ulong o_nb2, const ulong o_nb3,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const int n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int n_head_kv,
+    const global void* mask_void,
+    const ulong mask_offset,
+    const ulong mask_nb1,
+    const ulong mask_nb2,
+    const ulong mask_nb3,
+    const int mask_ne2,
+    const int mask_ne3,
+    const global void* sinks_void,
+    const ulong sinks_offset
+) {
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int block_q_idx = get_group_id(0);
+    const int head_batch_idx = get_global_id(1);
+
+    const int my_query_row = block_q_idx * BLOCK_M + tid;
+
+    const int batch_idx = head_batch_idx / n_head;
+    const int head_idx = head_batch_idx % n_head;
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = n_head / n_head_kv;
+    const int head_kv_idx = head_idx / gqa_ratio;
+
+    const global char* q_base = (const global char*)q_void + q_offset;
+    const global char* k_base = (const global char*)k_void + k_offset;
+    const global char* v_base = (const global char*)v_void + v_offset;
+    global char* o_base = (global char*)o_void + o_offset;
+
+    const global char* mask_base = NULL;
+    if (mask_void != NULL) {
+        const int mask_head_idx = head_idx % mask_ne2;
+        const int mask_batch_idx = batch_idx % mask_ne3;
+        mask_base = (const global char*)mask_void + mask_offset + mask_batch_idx * mask_nb3 + mask_head_idx * mask_nb2;
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 q_priv[DK_VEC];
+    if (my_query_row < n_q) {
+        const ulong q_row_offset = batch_idx * q_nb3 + head_idx * q_nb2 + my_query_row * q_nb1;
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* q_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(q_base + q_row_offset);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DK_VEC; ++i) {
+            q_priv[i] = CONVERT_ACC4(q_ptr[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 o_acc[DV_VEC];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+        o_acc[i] = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    }
+    ACC_TYPE m_i = -INFINITY;
+    ACC_TYPE l_i = 0.0f;
+
+    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    __local DATA_TYPE4 l_k[BLOCK_N][DK_VEC];
+    __local DATA_TYPE4 l_v[BLOCK_N][DV_VEC];
+
+    for (int k_start = 0; k_start < n_kv; k_start += BLOCK_N) {
+        for (int i = tid; i < BLOCK_N * DK_VEC; i += WG_SIZE) {
+            const int row = i / DK_VEC;
+            const int col = i % DK_VEC;
+            const int k_row_idx = k_start + row;
+            if (k_row_idx < n_kv) {
+                const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_row_idx * k_nb1;
+                l_k[row][col] = ((__global DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset))[col];
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = tid; i < BLOCK_N * DV_VEC; i += WG_SIZE) {
+            const int row = i / DV_VEC;
+            const int col = i % DV_VEC;
+            const int v_row_idx = k_start + row;
+            if (v_row_idx < n_kv) {
+                const ulong v_row_offset = batch_idx * v_nb3 + head_kv_idx * v_nb2 + v_row_idx * v_nb1;
+                l_v[row][col] = ((__global DATA_TYPE4*)(v_base + v_row_offset))[col];
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        if (my_query_row >= n_q) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_N; j += 2) {
+            const int k_row0 = k_start + j;
+            const int k_row1 = k_start + j + 1;
+
+            ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc0 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc1 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+                dot_acc0 = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(l_k[j][k]), dot_acc0);
+                dot_acc1 = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(l_k[j+1][k]), dot_acc1);
+            }
+            ACC_TYPE score0 = (dot_acc0.s0 + dot_acc0.s1 + dot_acc0.s2 + dot_acc0.s3) * scale;
+            ACC_TYPE score1 = (dot_acc1.s0 + dot_acc1.s1 + dot_acc1.s2 + dot_acc1.s3) * scale;
+
+            if (is_causal) {
+                if (k_row0 > (n_kv - n_q + my_query_row)) score0 = -INFINITY;
+                if (k_row1 > (n_kv - n_q + my_query_row)) score1 = -INFINITY;
+            }
+
+            if (k_row0 >= n_kv) score0 = -INFINITY;
+            if (k_row1 >= n_kv) score1 = -INFINITY;
+
+            if (mask_base != NULL) {
+                const global DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base + my_query_row * mask_nb1);
+                if (k_row0 < n_kv) score0 += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_row0];
+                if (k_row1 < n_kv) score1 += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_row1];
+            }
+
+            if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+                score0 = logit_softcap * tanh(score0 / logit_softcap);
+                score1 = logit_softcap * tanh(score1 / logit_softcap);
+            }
+
+            const ACC_TYPE m_new = max(m_i, max(score0, score1));
+            const ACC_TYPE p0 = exp(score0 - m_new);
+            const ACC_TYPE p1 = exp(score1 - m_new);
+            const ACC_TYPE scale_prev = exp(m_i - m_new);
+
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_acc[i] = o_acc[i] * scale_prev + p0 * CONVERT_ACC4(l_v[j][i]) + p1 * CONVERT_ACC4(l_v[j+1][i]);
+            }
+            l_i = l_i * scale_prev + p0 + p1;
+            m_i = m_new;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (my_query_row < n_q) {
+        if (sinks_void != NULL) {
+            const global ACC_TYPE* sinks_ptr = (const global ACC_TYPE*)((const global char*)sinks_void + sinks_offset);
+            const ACC_TYPE m_sink = sinks_ptr[head_idx];
+            const ACC_TYPE m_final = max(m_i, m_sink);
+
+            const ACC_TYPE scale_o = exp(m_i - m_final);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_acc[i] *= scale_o;
+            }
+
+            l_i = l_i * exp(m_i - m_final) + exp(m_sink - m_final);
+        }
+
+        const ulong o_row_offset = batch_idx * o_nb3 + my_query_row * o_nb2 + head_idx * o_nb1;
+        global DATA_TYPE4 *o_row = (global DATA_TYPE4 *)(o_base + o_row_offset);
+        if (l_i > 0.0f) {
+            const ACC_TYPE l_inv = 1.0f / l_i;
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_row[i] = CONVERT_DATA4(o_acc[i] * l_inv);
+            }
+        } else {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_row[i] = (DATA_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+__kernel void flash_attn_f16_q1(
+    const global void * q_void, ulong q_offset,
+    const global void * k_void, ulong k_offset,
+    const global void * v_void, ulong v_offset,
+    global void * o_void, ulong o_offset,
+    const float scale,
+    const int n_q,
+    const int n_kv,
+    const int is_causal,
+    const int n_head,
+    const ulong q_nb1, const ulong q_nb2, const ulong q_nb3,
+    const ulong k_nb1, const ulong k_nb2, const ulong k_nb3,
+    const ulong v_nb1, const ulong v_nb2, const ulong v_nb3,
+    const ulong o_nb1, const ulong o_nb2, const ulong o_nb3,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const int n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int n_head_kv,
+    const global void* mask_void,
+    const ulong mask_offset,
+    const ulong mask_nb1,
+    const ulong mask_nb2,
+    const ulong mask_nb3,
+    const int mask_ne2,
+    const int mask_ne3,
+    const global void* sinks_void,
+    const ulong sinks_offset
+) {
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int head_batch_idx = get_global_id(1);
+
+    const int batch_idx = head_batch_idx / n_head;
+    const int head_idx = head_batch_idx % n_head;
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = n_head / n_head_kv;
+    const int head_kv_idx = head_idx / gqa_ratio;
+
+    const global char* q_base = (const global char*)q_void + q_offset;
+    const global char* k_base = (const global char*)k_void + k_offset;
+    const global char* v_base = (const global char*)v_void + v_offset;
+    global char* o_base = (global char*)o_void + o_offset;
+
+    const global char* mask_base = NULL;
+    if (mask_void != NULL) {
+        const int mask_head_idx = head_idx % mask_ne2;
+        const int mask_batch_idx = batch_idx % mask_ne3;
+        mask_base = (const global char*)mask_void + mask_offset + mask_batch_idx * mask_nb3 + mask_head_idx * mask_nb2;
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 q_priv[DK_VEC];
+    const ulong q_row_offset = batch_idx * q_nb3 + head_idx * q_nb2;
+    const global DATA_TYPE4* q_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(q_base + q_row_offset);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DK_VEC; ++i) {
+        q_priv[i] = CONVERT_ACC4(q_ptr[i]);
+    }
+
+    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    const global ACC_TYPE* sinks_ptr = NULL;
+    if (sinks_void != NULL) {
+        sinks_ptr = (const global ACC_TYPE*)((const global char*)sinks_void + sinks_offset);
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE m_i = (sinks_ptr != NULL) ? sinks_ptr[head_idx] : -INFINITY;
+    for (int k_idx = tid; k_idx < n_kv; k_idx += Q1_WG_SIZE) {
+        const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_idx * k_nb1;
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* k_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset);
+        ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+            dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(k_ptr[k]), dot_acc);
+        }
+        ACC_TYPE score = (dot_acc.s0 + dot_acc.s1 + dot_acc.s2 + dot_acc.s3) * scale;
+        if (mask_base != NULL) {
+            const global DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base);
+            score += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_idx];
+        }
+        if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+            score = logit_softcap * tanh(score / logit_softcap);
+        }
+        m_i = max(m_i, score);
+    }
+
+    __local ACC_TYPE local_m[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    local_m[tid] = m_i;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) local_m[tid] = max(local_m[tid], local_m[tid + s]);
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+    const ACC_TYPE m_final = local_m[0];
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 o_acc[DV_VEC];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) o_acc[i] = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    ACC_TYPE l_i = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int k_idx = tid; k_idx < n_kv; k_idx += Q1_WG_SIZE) {
+        const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_idx * k_nb1;
+        const ulong v_row_offset = batch_idx * v_nb3 + head_kv_idx * v_nb2 + k_idx * v_nb1;
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* k_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset);
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* v_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(v_base + v_row_offset);
+        ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+            dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(k_ptr[k]), dot_acc);
+        }
+        ACC_TYPE score = (dot_acc.s0 + dot_acc.s1 + dot_acc.s2 + dot_acc.s3) * scale;
+        if (mask_base != NULL) {
+            const global DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base);
+            score += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_idx];
+        }
+        if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+            score = logit_softcap * tanh(score / logit_softcap);
+        }
+        const ACC_TYPE p = exp(score - m_final);
+        l_i += p;
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; i++) {
+            o_acc[i] = mad(p, CONVERT_ACC4(v_ptr[i]), o_acc[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    __local ACC_TYPE local_l[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    __local ACC_TYPE4 local_o_comp[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    local_l[tid] = l_i;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) local_l[tid] += local_l[tid + s];
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const ulong o_row_offset = batch_idx * o_nb3 + head_idx * o_nb1;
+    global DATA_TYPE4 *o_row = (global DATA_TYPE4 *)(o_base + o_row_offset);
+    ACC_TYPE l_final = local_l[0];
+
+    if (sinks_ptr != NULL) {
+        l_final += exp(sinks_ptr[head_idx] - m_final);
+    }
+
+    if (l_final > 0.0f) {
+        const ACC_TYPE l_inv = 1.0f / l_final;
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; i++) {
+            local_o_comp[tid] = o_acc[i];
+            barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+                if (tid < s) local_o_comp[tid] += local_o_comp[tid + s];
+                barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+            }
+            if (tid == 0) {
+                o_row[i] = CONVERT_DATA4(local_o_comp[0] * l_inv);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (tid == 0) {
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) o_row[i] = (DATA_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a6d74790375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define ACC_TYPE float
+#define ACC_TYPE4 float4
+#define DATA_TYPE float
+#define DATA_TYPE4 float4
+#define MASK_DATA_TYPE half
+#define CONVERT_ACC4(x) (x)
+#define CONVERT_DATA4(x) (x)
+
+#define DK_VEC (DK/4)
+#define DV_VEC (DV/4)
+#define WG_SIZE (BLOCK_M)
+#define Q1_WG_SIZE 64
+
+inline float get_alibi_slope(
+    const float max_bias, const uint h, const uint n_head_log2, const float m0, const float m1
+) {
+    if (max_bias <= 0.0f) {
+        return 1.0f;
+    }
+    const float base = h < n_head_log2 ? m0 : m1;
+    const int   exph = h < n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1;
+
+    return pow(base, exph);
+}
+__kernel void flash_attn_f32(
+    const global void * q_void, ulong q_offset,
+    const global void * k_void, ulong k_offset,
+    const global void * v_void, ulong v_offset,
+    global void * o_void, ulong o_offset,
+    const float scale,
+    const int n_q,
+    const int n_kv,
+    const int is_causal,
+    const int n_head,
+    const ulong q_nb1, const ulong q_nb2, const ulong q_nb3,
+    const ulong k_nb1, const ulong k_nb2, const ulong k_nb3,
+    const ulong v_nb1, const ulong v_nb2, const ulong v_nb3,
+    const ulong o_nb1, const ulong o_nb2, const ulong o_nb3,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const int n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int n_head_kv,
+    const global void* mask_void,
+    const ulong mask_offset,
+    const ulong mask_nb1,
+    const ulong mask_nb2,
+    const ulong mask_nb3,
+    const int mask_ne2,
+    const int mask_ne3,
+    const global void* sinks_void,
+    const ulong sinks_offset
+) {
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int block_q_idx = get_group_id(0);
+    const int head_batch_idx = get_global_id(1);
+
+    const int my_query_row = block_q_idx * BLOCK_M + tid;
+
+    const int batch_idx = head_batch_idx / n_head;
+    const int head_idx = head_batch_idx % n_head;
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = n_head / n_head_kv;
+    const int head_kv_idx = head_idx / gqa_ratio;
+
+    const global char* q_base = (const global char*)q_void + q_offset;
+    const global char* k_base = (const global char*)k_void + k_offset;
+    const global char* v_base = (const global char*)v_void + v_offset;
+    global char* o_base = (global char*)o_void + o_offset;
+
+    const global char* mask_base = NULL;
+    if (mask_void != NULL) {
+        const int mask_head_idx = head_idx % mask_ne2;
+        const int mask_batch_idx = batch_idx % mask_ne3;
+        mask_base = (const global char*)mask_void + mask_offset + mask_batch_idx * mask_nb3 + mask_head_idx * mask_nb2;
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 q_priv[DK_VEC];
+    if (my_query_row < n_q) {
+        const ulong q_row_offset = batch_idx * q_nb3 + head_idx * q_nb2 + my_query_row * q_nb1;
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* q_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(q_base + q_row_offset);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DK_VEC; ++i) {
+            q_priv[i] = CONVERT_ACC4(q_ptr[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 o_acc[DV_VEC];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+        o_acc[i] = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    }
+    ACC_TYPE m_i = -INFINITY;
+    ACC_TYPE l_i = 0.0f;
+
+    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    __local DATA_TYPE4 l_k[BLOCK_N][DK_VEC];
+    __local DATA_TYPE4 l_v[BLOCK_N][DV_VEC];
+
+    for (int k_start = 0; k_start < n_kv; k_start += BLOCK_N) {
+        for (int i = tid; i < BLOCK_N * DK_VEC; i += WG_SIZE) {
+            const int row = i / DK_VEC;
+            const int col = i % DK_VEC;
+            const int k_row_idx = k_start + row;
+            if (k_row_idx < n_kv) {
+                const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_row_idx * k_nb1;
+                l_k[row][col] = ((__global DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset))[col];
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = tid; i < BLOCK_N * DV_VEC; i += WG_SIZE) {
+            const int row = i / DV_VEC;
+            const int col = i % DV_VEC;
+            const int v_row_idx = k_start + row;
+            if (v_row_idx < n_kv) {
+                const ulong v_row_offset = batch_idx * v_nb3 + head_kv_idx * v_nb2 + v_row_idx * v_nb1;
+                l_v[row][col] = ((__global DATA_TYPE4*)(v_base + v_row_offset))[col];
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        if (my_query_row >= n_q) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_N; j += 2) {
+            const int k_row0 = k_start + j;
+            const int k_row1 = k_start + j + 1;
+
+            ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc0 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc1 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+                dot_acc0 = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(l_k[j][k]), dot_acc0);
+                dot_acc1 = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(l_k[j+1][k]), dot_acc1);
+            }
+            ACC_TYPE score0 = (dot_acc0.s0 + dot_acc0.s1 + dot_acc0.s2 + dot_acc0.s3) * scale;
+            ACC_TYPE score1 = (dot_acc1.s0 + dot_acc1.s1 + dot_acc1.s2 + dot_acc1.s3) * scale;
+
+            if (is_causal) {
+                if (k_row0 > (n_kv - n_q + my_query_row)) score0 = -INFINITY;
+                if (k_row1 > (n_kv - n_q + my_query_row)) score1 = -INFINITY;
+            }
+
+            if (k_row0 >= n_kv) score0 = -INFINITY;
+            if (k_row1 >= n_kv) score1 = -INFINITY;
+
+            if (mask_base != NULL) {
+                const global MASK_DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global MASK_DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base + my_query_row * mask_nb1);
+                if (k_row0 < n_kv) score0 += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_row0];
+                if (k_row1 < n_kv) score1 += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_row1];
+            }
+
+            if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+                score0 = logit_softcap * tanh(score0 / logit_softcap);
+                score1 = logit_softcap * tanh(score1 / logit_softcap);
+            }
+
+            const ACC_TYPE m_new = max(m_i, max(score0, score1));
+            const ACC_TYPE p0 = exp(score0 - m_new);
+            const ACC_TYPE p1 = exp(score1 - m_new);
+            const ACC_TYPE scale_prev = exp(m_i - m_new);
+
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_acc[i] = o_acc[i] * scale_prev + p0 * CONVERT_ACC4(l_v[j][i]) + p1 * CONVERT_ACC4(l_v[j+1][i]);
+            }
+            l_i = l_i * scale_prev + p0 + p1;
+            m_i = m_new;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (my_query_row < n_q) {
+        if (sinks_void != NULL) {
+            const global ACC_TYPE* sinks_ptr = (const global ACC_TYPE*)((const global char*)sinks_void + sinks_offset);
+            const ACC_TYPE m_sink = sinks_ptr[head_idx];
+            const ACC_TYPE m_final = max(m_i, m_sink);
+
+            const ACC_TYPE scale_o = exp(m_i - m_final);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_acc[i] *= scale_o;
+            }
+
+            l_i = l_i * exp(m_i - m_final) + exp(m_sink - m_final);
+        }
+
+        const ulong o_row_offset = batch_idx * o_nb3 + my_query_row * o_nb2 + head_idx * o_nb1;
+        global DATA_TYPE4 *o_row = (global DATA_TYPE4 *)(o_base + o_row_offset);
+        if (l_i > 0.0f) {
+            const ACC_TYPE l_inv = 1.0f / l_i;
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_row[i] = CONVERT_DATA4(o_acc[i] * l_inv);
+            }
+        } else {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_row[i] = (DATA_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+__kernel void flash_attn_f32_q1(
+    const global void * q_void, ulong q_offset,
+    const global void * k_void, ulong k_offset,
+    const global void * v_void, ulong v_offset,
+    global void * o_void, ulong o_offset,
+    const float scale,
+    const int n_q,
+    const int n_kv,
+    const int is_causal,
+    const int n_head,
+    const ulong q_nb1, const ulong q_nb2, const ulong q_nb3,
+    const ulong k_nb1, const ulong k_nb2, const ulong k_nb3,
+    const ulong v_nb1, const ulong v_nb2, const ulong v_nb3,
+    const ulong o_nb1, const ulong o_nb2, const ulong o_nb3,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const int n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int n_head_kv,
+    const global void* mask_void,
+    const ulong mask_offset,
+    const ulong mask_nb1,
+    const ulong mask_nb2,
+    const ulong mask_nb3,
+    const int mask_ne2,
+    const int mask_ne3,
+    const global void* sinks_void,
+    const ulong sinks_offset
+) {
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int head_batch_idx = get_global_id(1);
+
+    const int batch_idx = head_batch_idx / n_head;
+    const int head_idx = head_batch_idx % n_head;
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = n_head / n_head_kv;
+    const int head_kv_idx = head_idx / gqa_ratio;
+
+    const global char* q_base = (const global char*)q_void + q_offset;
+    const global char* k_base = (const global char*)k_void + k_offset;
+    const global char* v_base = (const global char*)v_void + v_offset;
+    global char* o_base = (global char*)o_void + o_offset;
+
+    const global char* mask_base = NULL;
+    if (mask_void != NULL) {
+        const int mask_head_idx = head_idx % mask_ne2;
+        const int mask_batch_idx = batch_idx % mask_ne3;
+        mask_base = (const global char*)mask_void + mask_offset + mask_batch_idx * mask_nb3 + mask_head_idx * mask_nb2;
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 q_priv[DK_VEC];
+    const ulong q_row_offset = batch_idx * q_nb3 + head_idx * q_nb2;
+    const global DATA_TYPE4* q_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(q_base + q_row_offset);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DK_VEC; ++i) {
+        q_priv[i] = CONVERT_ACC4(q_ptr[i]);
+    }
+
+    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    const global ACC_TYPE* sinks_ptr = NULL;
+    if (sinks_void != NULL) {
+        sinks_ptr = (const global ACC_TYPE*)((const global char*)sinks_void + sinks_offset);
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE m_i = (sinks_ptr != NULL) ? sinks_ptr[head_idx] : -INFINITY;
+    for (int k_idx = tid; k_idx < n_kv; k_idx += Q1_WG_SIZE) {
+        const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_idx * k_nb1;
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* k_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset);
+        ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+            dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(k_ptr[k]), dot_acc);
+        }
+        ACC_TYPE score = (dot_acc.s0 + dot_acc.s1 + dot_acc.s2 + dot_acc.s3) * scale;
+        if (mask_base != NULL) {
+            const global MASK_DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global MASK_DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base);
+            score += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_idx];
+        }
+        if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+            score = logit_softcap * tanh(score / logit_softcap);
+        }
+        m_i = max(m_i, score);
+    }
+
+    __local ACC_TYPE local_m[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    local_m[tid] = m_i;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) local_m[tid] = max(local_m[tid], local_m[tid + s]);
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+    const ACC_TYPE m_final = local_m[0];
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 o_acc[DV_VEC];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) o_acc[i] = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    ACC_TYPE l_i = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int k_idx = tid; k_idx < n_kv; k_idx += Q1_WG_SIZE) {
+        const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_idx * k_nb1;
+        const ulong v_row_offset = batch_idx * v_nb3 + head_kv_idx * v_nb2 + k_idx * v_nb1;
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* k_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset);
+        const global DATA_TYPE4* v_ptr = (const global DATA_TYPE4*)(v_base + v_row_offset);
+        ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+            dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_ACC4(k_ptr[k]), dot_acc);
+        }
+        ACC_TYPE score = (dot_acc.s0 + dot_acc.s1 + dot_acc.s2 + dot_acc.s3) * scale;
+        if (mask_base != NULL) {
+            const global MASK_DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global MASK_DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base);
+            score += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_idx];
+        }
+        if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+            score = logit_softcap * tanh(score / logit_softcap);
+        }
+        const ACC_TYPE p = exp(score - m_final);
+        l_i += p;
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; i++) {
+            o_acc[i] = mad(p, CONVERT_ACC4(v_ptr[i]), o_acc[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    __local ACC_TYPE local_l[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    __local ACC_TYPE4 local_o_comp[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    local_l[tid] = l_i;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) local_l[tid] += local_l[tid + s];
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const ulong o_row_offset = batch_idx * o_nb3 + head_idx * o_nb1;
+    global DATA_TYPE4 *o_row = (global DATA_TYPE4 *)(o_base + o_row_offset);
+    ACC_TYPE l_final = local_l[0];
+
+    if (sinks_ptr != NULL) {
+        l_final += exp(sinks_ptr[head_idx] - m_final);
+    }
+
+    if (l_final > 0.0f) {
+        const ACC_TYPE l_inv = 1.0f / l_final;
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; i++) {
+            local_o_comp[tid] = o_acc[i];
+            barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+                if (tid < s) local_o_comp[tid] += local_o_comp[tid + s];
+                barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+            }
+            if (tid == 0) {
+                o_row[i] = CONVERT_DATA4(local_o_comp[0] * l_inv);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (tid == 0) {
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) o_row[i] = (DATA_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f32_f16.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f32_f16.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec7361b9e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/flash_attn_f32_f16.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define ACC_TYPE float
+#define ACC_TYPE4 float4
+#define Q_DATA_TYPE4 float4
+#define KV_DATA_TYPE4 half4
+#define O_DATA_TYPE4 float4
+#define MASK_DATA_TYPE half
+#define CONVERT_Q_ACC4(x) (x)
+#define CONVERT_KV_ACC4(x) convert_float4(x)
+#define CONVERT_O_DATA4(x) (x)
+
+#define DK_VEC (DK/4)
+#define DV_VEC (DV/4)
+#define WG_SIZE (BLOCK_M)
+#define Q1_WG_SIZE 64
+
+inline float get_alibi_slope(
+    const float max_bias, const uint h, const uint n_head_log2, const float m0, const float m1
+) {
+    if (max_bias <= 0.0f) {
+        return 1.0f;
+    }
+    const float base = h < n_head_log2 ? m0 : m1;
+    const int   exph = h < n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1;
+
+    return pow(base, exph);
+}
+__kernel void flash_attn_f32_f16(
+    const global void * q_void, ulong q_offset,
+    const global void * k_void, ulong k_offset,
+    const global void * v_void, ulong v_offset,
+    global void * o_void, ulong o_offset,
+    const float scale,
+    const int n_q,
+    const int n_kv,
+    const int is_causal,
+    const int n_head,
+    const ulong q_nb1, const ulong q_nb2, const ulong q_nb3,
+    const ulong k_nb1, const ulong k_nb2, const ulong k_nb3,
+    const ulong v_nb1, const ulong v_nb2, const ulong v_nb3,
+    const ulong o_nb1, const ulong o_nb2, const ulong o_nb3,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const int n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int n_head_kv,
+    const global void* mask_void,
+    const ulong mask_offset,
+    const ulong mask_nb1,
+    const ulong mask_nb2,
+    const ulong mask_nb3,
+    const int mask_ne2,
+    const int mask_ne3,
+    const global void* sinks_void,
+    const ulong sinks_offset
+) {
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int block_q_idx = get_group_id(0);
+    const int head_batch_idx = get_global_id(1);
+
+    const int my_query_row = block_q_idx * BLOCK_M + tid;
+
+    const int batch_idx = head_batch_idx / n_head;
+    const int head_idx = head_batch_idx % n_head;
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = n_head / n_head_kv;
+    const int head_kv_idx = head_idx / gqa_ratio;
+
+    const global char* q_base = (const global char*)q_void + q_offset;
+    const global char* k_base = (const global char*)k_void + k_offset;
+    const global char* v_base = (const global char*)v_void + v_offset;
+    global char* o_base = (global char*)o_void + o_offset;
+
+    const global char* mask_base = NULL;
+    if (mask_void != NULL) {
+        const int mask_head_idx = head_idx % mask_ne2;
+        const int mask_batch_idx = batch_idx % mask_ne3;
+        mask_base = (const global char*)mask_void + mask_offset + mask_batch_idx * mask_nb3 + mask_head_idx * mask_nb2;
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 q_priv[DK_VEC];
+    if (my_query_row < n_q) {
+        const ulong q_row_offset = batch_idx * q_nb3 + head_idx * q_nb2 + my_query_row * q_nb1;
+        const global Q_DATA_TYPE4* q_ptr = (const global Q_DATA_TYPE4*)(q_base + q_row_offset);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DK_VEC; ++i) {
+            q_priv[i] = CONVERT_Q_ACC4(q_ptr[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 o_acc[DV_VEC];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+        o_acc[i] = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    }
+    ACC_TYPE m_i = -INFINITY;
+    ACC_TYPE l_i = 0.0f;
+
+    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    __local KV_DATA_TYPE4 l_k[BLOCK_N][DK_VEC];
+    __local KV_DATA_TYPE4 l_v[BLOCK_N][DV_VEC];
+
+    for (int k_start = 0; k_start < n_kv; k_start += BLOCK_N) {
+        for (int i = tid; i < BLOCK_N * DK_VEC; i += WG_SIZE) {
+            const int row = i / DK_VEC;
+            const int col = i % DK_VEC;
+            const int k_row_idx = k_start + row;
+            if (k_row_idx < n_kv) {
+                const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_row_idx * k_nb1;
+                l_k[row][col] = ((__global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset))[col];
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = tid; i < BLOCK_N * DV_VEC; i += WG_SIZE) {
+            const int row = i / DV_VEC;
+            const int col = i % DV_VEC;
+            const int v_row_idx = k_start + row;
+            if (v_row_idx < n_kv) {
+                const ulong v_row_offset = batch_idx * v_nb3 + head_kv_idx * v_nb2 + v_row_idx * v_nb1;
+                l_v[row][col] = ((__global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(v_base + v_row_offset))[col];
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        if (my_query_row >= n_q) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_N; j += 2) {
+            const int k_row0 = k_start + j;
+            const int k_row1 = k_start + j + 1;
+
+            ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc0 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc1 = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+                dot_acc0 = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j][k]), dot_acc0);
+                dot_acc1 = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_k[j+1][k]), dot_acc1);
+            }
+            ACC_TYPE score0 = (dot_acc0.s0 + dot_acc0.s1 + dot_acc0.s2 + dot_acc0.s3) * scale;
+            ACC_TYPE score1 = (dot_acc1.s0 + dot_acc1.s1 + dot_acc1.s2 + dot_acc1.s3) * scale;
+
+            if (is_causal) {
+                if (k_row0 > (n_kv - n_q + my_query_row)) score0 = -INFINITY;
+                if (k_row1 > (n_kv - n_q + my_query_row)) score1 = -INFINITY;
+            }
+
+            if (k_row0 >= n_kv) score0 = -INFINITY;
+            if (k_row1 >= n_kv) score1 = -INFINITY;
+
+            if (mask_base != NULL) {
+                const global MASK_DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global MASK_DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base + my_query_row * mask_nb1);
+                if (k_row0 < n_kv) score0 += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_row0];
+                if (k_row1 < n_kv) score1 += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_row1];
+            }
+
+            if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+                score0 = logit_softcap * tanh(score0 / logit_softcap);
+                score1 = logit_softcap * tanh(score1 / logit_softcap);
+            }
+
+            const ACC_TYPE m_new = max(m_i, max(score0, score1));
+            const ACC_TYPE p0 = exp(score0 - m_new);
+            const ACC_TYPE p1 = exp(score1 - m_new);
+            const ACC_TYPE scale_prev = exp(m_i - m_new);
+
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_acc[i] = o_acc[i] * scale_prev + p0 * CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_v[j][i]) + p1 * CONVERT_KV_ACC4(l_v[j+1][i]);
+            }
+            l_i = l_i * scale_prev + p0 + p1;
+            m_i = m_new;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (my_query_row < n_q) {
+        if (sinks_void != NULL) {
+            const global ACC_TYPE* sinks_ptr = (const global ACC_TYPE*)((const global char*)sinks_void + sinks_offset);
+            const ACC_TYPE m_sink = sinks_ptr[head_idx];
+            const ACC_TYPE m_final = max(m_i, m_sink);
+
+            const ACC_TYPE scale_o = exp(m_i - m_final);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_acc[i] *= scale_o;
+            }
+
+            l_i = l_i * exp(m_i - m_final) + exp(m_sink - m_final);
+        }
+
+        const ulong o_row_offset = batch_idx * o_nb3 + my_query_row * o_nb2 + head_idx * o_nb1;
+        global O_DATA_TYPE4 *o_row = (global O_DATA_TYPE4 *)(o_base + o_row_offset);
+        if (l_i > 0.0f) {
+            const ACC_TYPE l_inv = 1.0f / l_i;
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_row[i] = CONVERT_O_DATA4(o_acc[i] * l_inv);
+            }
+        } else {
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) {
+                o_row[i] = (O_DATA_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+__kernel void flash_attn_f32_f16_q1(
+    const global void * q_void, ulong q_offset,
+    const global void * k_void, ulong k_offset,
+    const global void * v_void, ulong v_offset,
+    global void * o_void, ulong o_offset,
+    const float scale,
+    const int n_q,
+    const int n_kv,
+    const int is_causal,
+    const int n_head,
+    const ulong q_nb1, const ulong q_nb2, const ulong q_nb3,
+    const ulong k_nb1, const ulong k_nb2, const ulong k_nb3,
+    const ulong v_nb1, const ulong v_nb2, const ulong v_nb3,
+    const ulong o_nb1, const ulong o_nb2, const ulong o_nb3,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const int n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int n_head_kv,
+    const global void* mask_void,
+    const ulong mask_offset,
+    const ulong mask_nb1,
+    const ulong mask_nb2,
+    const ulong mask_nb3,
+    const int mask_ne2,
+    const int mask_ne3,
+    const global void* sinks_void,
+    const ulong sinks_offset
+) {
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int head_batch_idx = get_global_id(1);
+
+    const int batch_idx = head_batch_idx / n_head;
+    const int head_idx = head_batch_idx % n_head;
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = n_head / n_head_kv;
+    const int head_kv_idx = head_idx / gqa_ratio;
+
+    const global char* q_base = (const global char*)q_void + q_offset;
+    const global char* k_base = (const global char*)k_void + k_offset;
+    const global char* v_base = (const global char*)v_void + v_offset;
+    global char* o_base = (global char*)o_void + o_offset;
+
+    const global char* mask_base = NULL;
+    if (mask_void != NULL) {
+        const int mask_head_idx = head_idx % mask_ne2;
+        const int mask_batch_idx = batch_idx % mask_ne3;
+        mask_base = (const global char*)mask_void + mask_offset + mask_batch_idx * mask_nb3 + mask_head_idx * mask_nb2;
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 q_priv[DK_VEC];
+    const ulong q_row_offset = batch_idx * q_nb3 + head_idx * q_nb2;
+    const global Q_DATA_TYPE4* q_ptr = (const global Q_DATA_TYPE4*)(q_base + q_row_offset);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DK_VEC; ++i) {
+        q_priv[i] = CONVERT_Q_ACC4(q_ptr[i]);
+    }
+
+    float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head_idx, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    const global ACC_TYPE* sinks_ptr = NULL;
+    if (sinks_void != NULL) {
+        sinks_ptr = (const global ACC_TYPE*)((const global char*)sinks_void + sinks_offset);
+    }
+
+    ACC_TYPE m_i = (sinks_ptr != NULL) ? sinks_ptr[head_idx] : -INFINITY;
+    for (int k_idx = tid; k_idx < n_kv; k_idx += Q1_WG_SIZE) {
+        const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_idx * k_nb1;
+        const global KV_DATA_TYPE4* k_ptr = (const global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset);
+        ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+            dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_KV_ACC4(k_ptr[k]), dot_acc);
+        }
+        ACC_TYPE score = (dot_acc.s0 + dot_acc.s1 + dot_acc.s2 + dot_acc.s3) * scale;
+        if (mask_base != NULL) {
+            const global MASK_DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global MASK_DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base);
+            score += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_idx];
+        }
+        if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+            score = logit_softcap * tanh(score / logit_softcap);
+        }
+        m_i = max(m_i, score);
+    }
+
+    __local ACC_TYPE local_m[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    local_m[tid] = m_i;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) local_m[tid] = max(local_m[tid], local_m[tid + s]);
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+    const ACC_TYPE m_final = local_m[0];
+
+    ACC_TYPE4 o_acc[DV_VEC];
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) o_acc[i] = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    ACC_TYPE l_i = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int k_idx = tid; k_idx < n_kv; k_idx += Q1_WG_SIZE) {
+        const ulong k_row_offset = batch_idx * k_nb3 + head_kv_idx * k_nb2 + k_idx * k_nb1;
+        const ulong v_row_offset = batch_idx * v_nb3 + head_kv_idx * v_nb2 + k_idx * v_nb1;
+        const global KV_DATA_TYPE4* k_ptr = (const global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(k_base + k_row_offset);
+        const global KV_DATA_TYPE4* v_ptr = (const global KV_DATA_TYPE4*)(v_base + v_row_offset);
+        ACC_TYPE4 dot_acc = (ACC_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int k = 0; k < DK_VEC; k++) {
+            dot_acc = mad(q_priv[k], CONVERT_KV_ACC4(k_ptr[k]), dot_acc);
+        }
+        ACC_TYPE score = (dot_acc.s0 + dot_acc.s1 + dot_acc.s2 + dot_acc.s3) * scale;
+        if (mask_base != NULL) {
+            const global MASK_DATA_TYPE* mask_ptr = (const global MASK_DATA_TYPE*)(mask_base);
+            score += slope * (ACC_TYPE)mask_ptr[k_idx];
+        }
+        if (logit_softcap > 0.0f) {
+            score = logit_softcap * tanh(score / logit_softcap);
+        }
+        const ACC_TYPE p = exp(score - m_final);
+        l_i += p;
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; i++) {
+            o_acc[i] = mad(p, CONVERT_KV_ACC4(v_ptr[i]), o_acc[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    __local ACC_TYPE local_l[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    __local ACC_TYPE4 local_o_comp[Q1_WG_SIZE];
+    local_l[tid] = l_i;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    #pragma unroll
+    for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) local_l[tid] += local_l[tid + s];
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const ulong o_row_offset = batch_idx * o_nb3 + head_idx * o_nb1;
+    global O_DATA_TYPE4 *o_row = (global O_DATA_TYPE4 *)(o_base + o_row_offset);
+    ACC_TYPE l_final = local_l[0];
+
+    if (sinks_ptr != NULL) {
+        l_final += exp(sinks_ptr[head_idx] - m_final);
+    }
+
+    if (l_final > 0.0f) {
+        const ACC_TYPE l_inv = 1.0f / l_final;
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; i++) {
+            local_o_comp[tid] = o_acc[i];
+            barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+            #pragma unroll
+            for (int s = Q1_WG_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+                if (tid < s) local_o_comp[tid] += local_o_comp[tid + s];
+                barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+            }
+            if (tid == 0) {
+                o_row[i] = CONVERT_O_DATA4(local_o_comp[0] * l_inv);
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (tid == 0) {
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int i = 0; i < DV_VEC; ++i) o_row[i] = (O_DATA_TYPE4)(0.0f);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gelu.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gelu.cl
index 71c310cc9f9..1ab426c7744 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gelu.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gelu.cl
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #define GELU_COEF_A     0.044715f
 #define GELU_QUICK_COEF -1.702f
 #define SQRT_2_OVER_PI  0.79788456080286535587989211986876f
+#define SQRT_2_INV      0.70710678118654752440084436210484f
 
 kernel void kernel_gelu(
     global float * src0,
@@ -35,6 +36,32 @@ kernel void kernel_gelu_4(
     dst[get_global_id(0)] = 0.5f*x*(1.0f + tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x*x)));
 }
 
+kernel void kernel_gelu_erf(
+    global float * src0,
+    ulong offset0,
+    global float * dst,
+    ulong offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    float x = src0[get_global_id(0)];
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = 0.5f*x*(1.0f + erf(x*SQRT_2_INV));
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_gelu_erf_4(
+    global float4 * src0,
+    ulong offset0,
+    global float4 * dst,
+    ulong offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    float4 x = src0[get_global_id(0)];
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = 0.5f*x*(1.0f + erf(x*SQRT_2_INV));
+}
+
 kernel void kernel_gelu_quick(
     global float * src0,
     ulong offset0,
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3917aa3fd97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 2
+#define SIMDGROUP_WIDTH 64
+
+static inline half8 mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(ushort2 fp4x8) { //, ushort 0x0E00, ushort 0x8000) {
+    ushort2 fp16_packed_a_0, fp16_packed_b_0, bias_a, bias_b, sign_a, sign_b;
+    fp16_packed_a_0.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 9) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_a_0.hi = (fp4x8.s0 << 5) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 1) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.hi = (fp4x8.s0 >> 3) & 0x0E00;
+
+    bias_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a_0.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a_0.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b_0.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b_0.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_0.lo = (fp16_packed_a_0.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_0.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_a_0.hi = (fp16_packed_a_0.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_0.hi : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.lo = (fp16_packed_b_0.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_0.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.hi = (fp16_packed_b_0.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_0.hi : 0x0;
+
+    sign_a.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 12) & 0x8000;
+    sign_a.hi = (fp4x8.s0 << 8) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 4) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.hi = fp4x8.s0 & 0x8000;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_0 = sign_a + bias_a + fp16_packed_a_0;
+    fp16_packed_b_0 = sign_b + bias_b + fp16_packed_b_0;
+
+    ushort2 fp16_packed_a_1, fp16_packed_b_1;
+    fp16_packed_a_1.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 9) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_a_1.hi = (fp4x8.s1 << 5) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 1) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.hi = (fp4x8.s1 >> 3) & 0x0E00;
+
+    bias_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a_1.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a_1.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b_1.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b_1.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_1.lo = (fp16_packed_a_1.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_1.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_a_1.hi = (fp16_packed_a_1.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_1.hi : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.lo = (fp16_packed_b_1.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_1.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.hi = (fp16_packed_b_1.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_1.hi : 0x0;
+
+    sign_a.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 12) & 0x8000;
+    sign_a.hi = (fp4x8.s1 << 8) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 4) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.hi = fp4x8.s1 & 0x8000;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_1 = sign_a + bias_a + fp16_packed_a_1;
+    fp16_packed_b_1 = sign_b + bias_b + fp16_packed_b_1;
+
+    return as_half8((ushort8)(fp16_packed_a_0, fp16_packed_b_0, fp16_packed_a_1, fp16_packed_b_1));
+}
+
+static inline float e8m0_to_fp32(uchar x) {
+    int bits;
+    bits = (x == 0) ? 0x00400000 : ((uint) x << 23);
+    return as_float(bits);
+}
+
+
+__attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+__kernel void kernel_gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32(
+    __global uint4 * src0_q,
+    __global uchar * src0_e,
+    __read_only image1d_buffer_t src1,
+    __global ushort4 * src2,
+    __global float * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    int           ne01,
+    int           tile_size
+) {
+    uint i01  = get_global_id(0);
+    uint i20  = get_global_id(2);
+    uint sgid = get_local_id(1);
+    uint slid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    ushort4 router = src2[i20];
+    ushort expert_id = router.x;
+    ushort i11 = router.y;
+    ushort i1 = router.z;
+    ushort tile_id = router.w;
+
+    if (tile_id * tile_size + i01 >= ne01) { // handle edge case when ne01 is not multiple of tile_size
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint expert_offset = expert_id * ne00 * ne01 / 32;
+    uint tile_offset = expert_offset + tile_id * tile_size + i01;
+
+    __private float sum = 0.0f; // each thread calculate partial sum of one output
+
+    // loop along ne00 in block granularity, skip 4 blocks every iter
+    for (uint ib00 = sgid; ib00 < (ne00 / QK_MXFP4); ib00 += N_SIMDGROUP) {
+        // load one block of q
+        uint4 regQ = src0_q[tile_offset + ib00 * ne01];
+        // convert 8 fp4 to fp16
+        half8 fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s0));
+
+        uint offset = i11 * ne00 / 4 + ib00 * 8;
+        float4 shared_y4;
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 0));
+        float4 acc = shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 4));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+
+        fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s1));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 1));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 5));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+
+        fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s2));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 2));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 6));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+
+        fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s3));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 3));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 7));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+        uchar regE = src0_e[tile_offset + ib00 * ne01];
+        sum += e8m0_to_fp32(regE) * ((acc.s0 + acc.s1) + (acc.s2 + acc.s3));
+    }
+
+    // reduction in local memory, assumes #subgroups=4
+    __local float reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * (N_SIMDGROUP - 1)];
+    if (sgid == 1) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid] = sum;
+    // if (sgid == 2) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid] = sum;
+    // if (sgid == 3) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid] = sum;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid];
+    // if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid];
+    // if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid];
+
+    // 1 outputs per thread in subgroup 0
+    if (sgid == 0) {
+        dst = dst + (offsetd >> 2);
+        dst[i01 + tile_id * tile_size + i1 * ne01] = sum;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c4d5cc8e2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ADRENO_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+#endif
+
+kernel void kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32(
+    global const ushort * src0_q,
+    global const half  * src0_d,
+    global const half  * src0_m,
+    read_only image1d_buffer_t src1,
+    global float * dst,
+    ulong offsetd,
+    int m,
+    int n,
+    int k,
+    int n_no_padding
+) {
+    dst = (global float *)((global char *)dst + offsetd);
+
+    int m_4 = m >> 2;
+    int n_4 = n >> 2;
+
+    int gy = get_global_id(0);
+    int gx = get_global_id(1);
+    int gx_2 = gx << 2;
+
+    half8 c0 = 0, c1 = 0, c2 = 0, c3 = 0;
+    half8 B;
+    half4 dequantized_weights;
+
+    global const ushort* weight_ptr = src0_q + gx_2;
+    global const half*   scale_ptr  = src0_d + gx_2;
+    global const half*   min_ptr    = src0_m + gx_2;
+
+    for(int i = 0; i < k; i += 4) {
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i)*(n_4));
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i)*(n_4)+1);
+
+        ushort4 bits4 = vload4(0, weight_ptr + (i/4)*(m));
+
+        half4 scale = vload4(0, scale_ptr + (i/32)*(m));
+        half4 minv  = vload4(0,   min_ptr + (i/32)*(m));
+
+        // j=0
+        dequantized_weights.s0 = (bits4.s0 & (0x000F)) * scale.s0 + minv.s0;
+        dequantized_weights.s1 = (bits4.s1 & (0x000F)) * scale.s1 + minv.s1;
+        dequantized_weights.s2 = (bits4.s2 & (0x000F)) * scale.s2 + minv.s2;
+        dequantized_weights.s3 = (bits4.s3 & (0x000F)) * scale.s3 + minv.s3;
+        c0 += B * dequantized_weights.s0;
+        c1 += B * dequantized_weights.s1;
+        c2 += B * dequantized_weights.s2;
+        c3 += B * dequantized_weights.s3;
+
+        // j=1
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i+1)*(n_4));
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i+1)*(n_4)+1);
+        dequantized_weights.s0 = ((bits4.s0 & (0x00F0)) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0;
+        dequantized_weights.s1 = ((bits4.s1 & (0x00F0)) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1;
+        dequantized_weights.s2 = ((bits4.s2 & (0x00F0)) >> 4) * scale.s2 + minv.s2;
+        dequantized_weights.s3 = ((bits4.s3 & (0x00F0)) >> 4) * scale.s3 + minv.s3;
+        c0 += B * dequantized_weights.s0;
+        c1 += B * dequantized_weights.s1;
+        c2 += B * dequantized_weights.s2;
+        c3 += B * dequantized_weights.s3;
+
+        // j=2
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i+2)*(n_4));
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i+2)*(n_4)+1);
+        dequantized_weights.s0 = ((bits4.s0 & (0x0F00)) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0;
+        dequantized_weights.s1 = ((bits4.s1 & (0x0F00)) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1;
+        dequantized_weights.s2 = ((bits4.s2 & (0x0F00)) >> 8) * scale.s2 + minv.s2;
+        dequantized_weights.s3 = ((bits4.s3 & (0x0F00)) >> 8) * scale.s3 + minv.s3;
+        c0 += B * dequantized_weights.s0;
+        c1 += B * dequantized_weights.s1;
+        c2 += B * dequantized_weights.s2;
+        c3 += B * dequantized_weights.s3;
+
+        // j=3
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i+3)*(n_4));
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy*2 + (i+3)*(n_4)+1);
+        dequantized_weights.s0 = ((bits4.s0 & (0xF000)) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0;
+        dequantized_weights.s1 = ((bits4.s1 & (0xF000)) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1;
+        dequantized_weights.s2 = ((bits4.s2 & (0xF000)) >> 12) * scale.s2 + minv.s2;
+        dequantized_weights.s3 = ((bits4.s3 & (0xF000)) >> 12) * scale.s3 + minv.s3;
+        c0 += B * dequantized_weights.s0;
+        c1 += B * dequantized_weights.s1;
+        c2 += B * dequantized_weights.s2;
+        c3 += B * dequantized_weights.s3;
+    }
+
+    int idx = (gy<<3)*m + (gx<<2);
+
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s0, c1.s0, c2.s0, c3.s0), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s1, c1.s1, c2.s1, c3.s1), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s2, c1.s2, c2.s2, c3.s2), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s3, c1.s3, c2.s3, c3.s3), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s4, c1.s4, c2.s4, c3.s4), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s5, c1.s5, c2.s5, c3.s5), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s6, c1.s6, c2.s6, c3.s6), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s7, c1.s7, c2.s7, c3.s7), 0, dst + idx);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b4b1e511f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 4
+#define SIMDGROUP_WIDTH 64
+
+static inline half8 mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(ushort2 fp4x8) { //, ushort 0x0E00, ushort 0x8000) {
+    ushort2 fp16_packed_a_0, fp16_packed_b_0, bias_a, bias_b, sign_a, sign_b;
+    fp16_packed_a_0.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 9) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_a_0.hi = (fp4x8.s0 << 5) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 1) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.hi = (fp4x8.s0 >> 3) & 0x0E00;
+
+    bias_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a_0.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a_0.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b_0.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b_0.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_0.lo = (fp16_packed_a_0.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_0.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_a_0.hi = (fp16_packed_a_0.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_0.hi : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.lo = (fp16_packed_b_0.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_0.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_0.hi = (fp16_packed_b_0.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_0.hi : 0x0;
+
+    sign_a.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 12) & 0x8000;
+    sign_a.hi = (fp4x8.s0 << 8) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.lo = (fp4x8.s0 << 4) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.hi = fp4x8.s0 & 0x8000;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_0 = sign_a + bias_a + fp16_packed_a_0;
+    fp16_packed_b_0 = sign_b + bias_b + fp16_packed_b_0;
+
+    ushort2 fp16_packed_a_1, fp16_packed_b_1;
+    fp16_packed_a_1.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 9) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_a_1.hi = (fp4x8.s1 << 5) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 1) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.hi = (fp4x8.s1 >> 3) & 0x0E00;
+
+    bias_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a_1.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a_1.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b_1.lo != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+    bias_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b_1.hi != 0) ? 0x3800 : 0x0;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_1.lo = (fp16_packed_a_1.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_1.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_a_1.hi = (fp16_packed_a_1.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_a_1.hi : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.lo = (fp16_packed_b_1.lo != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_1.lo : 0x0;
+    fp16_packed_b_1.hi = (fp16_packed_b_1.hi != 0x0200) ? fp16_packed_b_1.hi : 0x0;
+
+    sign_a.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 12) & 0x8000;
+    sign_a.hi = (fp4x8.s1 << 8) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.lo = (fp4x8.s1 << 4) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.hi = fp4x8.s1 & 0x8000;
+
+    fp16_packed_a_1 = sign_a + bias_a + fp16_packed_a_1;
+    fp16_packed_b_1 = sign_b + bias_b + fp16_packed_b_1;
+
+    return as_half8((ushort8)(fp16_packed_a_0, fp16_packed_b_0, fp16_packed_a_1, fp16_packed_b_1));
+}
+
+static inline float e8m0_to_fp32(uchar x) {
+    int bits;
+    bits = (x == 0) ? 0x00400000 : ((uint) x << 23);
+    return as_float(bits);
+}
+
+
+__attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+__kernel void kernel_gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32(
+    __global uint4 * src0_q,
+    __global uchar * src0_e,
+    __read_only image1d_buffer_t src1,
+    __global uint * src2,
+    __global float * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    int           ne01,
+    int           ne11
+) {
+    uint i01  = get_global_id(0);
+    uint i20  = get_global_id(2);
+    uint sgid = get_local_id(1);
+    uint slid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    uint i11 = i20 % ne11;
+
+    uint expert_id = src2[i20];
+    uint expert_offset = expert_id * ne00 * ne01 / 32;
+
+    __private float sum = 0.0f; // each thread calculate partial sum of one output
+
+    // loop along ne00 in block granularity, skip 4 blocks every iter
+    for (uint ib00 = sgid; ib00 < (ne00 / QK_MXFP4); ib00 += N_SIMDGROUP) {
+
+        // load one block of q
+        uint4 regQ = src0_q[expert_offset + ib00 * ne01 + i01];
+
+        uint offset = i11 * ne00 / 4 + ib00 * 8;
+
+        half8 fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s0));
+
+        float4 shared_y4;
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 0));
+        float4 acc = shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 4));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+
+        fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s1));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 1));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 5));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+
+        fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s2));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 2));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 6));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+
+        fp16x8 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s3));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 3));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s0, fp16x8.s2, fp16x8.s4, fp16x8.s6);
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 7));
+        acc += shared_y4 * (float4)(fp16x8.s1, fp16x8.s3, fp16x8.s5, fp16x8.s7);
+
+        uchar regE = src0_e[ib00 * ne01 + i01 + expert_offset];
+        sum += e8m0_to_fp32(regE) * ((acc.s0 + acc.s1) + (acc.s2 + acc.s3));
+    }
+
+    // reduction in local memory, assumes #subgroups=4
+    __local float reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * (N_SIMDGROUP - 1)];
+    if (sgid == 1) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid] = sum;
+    if (sgid == 2) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid] = sum;
+    if (sgid == 3) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid] = sum;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid];
+    if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid];
+    if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid];
+
+    // 1 outputs per thread in subgroup 0
+    if (sgid == 0) {
+        dst = dst + (offsetd >> 2);
+        dst[i01 + i20 * ne01] = sum;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9703b693e56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK8_0 32
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 4
+
+#define dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1(total_sums, bits8, scale, y) \
+    float shared_y; \
+    char elem; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 0); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s0 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 0); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s0 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 0); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s0 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 0); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s0 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 0); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s1 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 0); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s1 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 0); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s1 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 0); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s1 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 1); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s2 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 1); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s2 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 1); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s2 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 1); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s2 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 1); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s3 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 1); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s3 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 1); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s3 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 1); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s3 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 2); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s4 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 2); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s4 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 2); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s4 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 2); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s4 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 2); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s5 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 2); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s5 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 2); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s5 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 2); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s5 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 3); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s6 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 3); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s6 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 3); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s6 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 3); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s6 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+                                             \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 3); \
+    elem = (char)(bits8.s7 & 0x000000FF); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 3); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s7 & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 3); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s7 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 3); \
+    elem = (char)((bits8.s7 & 0xFF000000) >> 24); \
+    total_sums += convert_int(elem) * scale * shared_y; \
+
+#ifdef ADRENO_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+__kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q8_0_f32(
+        __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src0_q,  // quantized A
+        global half  * src0_d,  // A scales
+        __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src1,    // B
+        ulong offset1,            // offset to B (0)
+        global float * dst,     // C
+        ulong offsetd,            // offset to C
+        int ne00,               // K
+        int ne01,               // M
+        int ne02,               // 1
+        int ne10,               // K
+        int ne12,               // 1
+        int ne0,                // M
+        int ne1,                // N
+        int r2,                 // 1
+        int r3)
+{
+    uint groupId = get_local_id(1);
+    uint gid     = get_global_id(0);
+    ushort slid    = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    uint K = ne00;
+    uint M = ne01;
+
+    uint LINE_STRIDE_A = M;
+    uint BLOCK_STRIDE_A = 8 * M;   // 32 / 4 = 8
+
+    __private uint8     regA;
+    __private half      regS;
+    __private float8    regB;
+
+    __private float totalSum = (float)(0.0f);
+
+    // loop along K in block granularity, skip 4 blocks every iter
+    #pragma unroll 1 /* tell compiler not to unroll */
+    for (uint k = groupId; k < (K / QK8_0); k += N_SIMDGROUP) {
+        regS = src0_d[gid + k * LINE_STRIDE_A]; // each fiber loads scale of one rows
+        // first 4 fibers in each wave load 8 B values to its private scope
+        if (slid < 4) {
+            regB.s0123 = read_imagef(src1, (slid * 2 + k * 8));
+            regB.s4567 = read_imagef(src1, (1 + slid * 2 + k * 8));
+        }
+
+        // load weights for one block in consecutive rows
+        regA.s0 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 0)).x;
+        regA.s1 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 1)).x;
+        regA.s2 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 2)).x;
+        regA.s3 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 3)).x;
+        regA.s4 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 4)).x;
+        regA.s5 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 5)).x;
+        regA.s6 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 6)).x;
+        regA.s7 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 7)).x;
+
+        dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1(totalSum, regA, regS, regB);
+    }
+
+    // reduction in local memory, assumes #wave=4
+    __local float reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 3];
+    if (groupId == 1) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid] = totalSum;
+    if (groupId == 2) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid] = totalSum;
+    if (groupId == 3) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid] = totalSum;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    if (groupId == 0) totalSum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid];
+    if (groupId == 0) totalSum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid];
+    if (groupId == 0) totalSum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid];
+
+    // 1 outputs per fiber in wave 0
+    if (groupId == 0) {
+        dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+        dst[gid] = totalSum;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdc1472454f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK4_0 32
+#define NSUBGROUPS 4
+#define SUBGROUP_SIZE 64
+
+#define dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_hi(total_sums, bits4, scale, minv, y) \
+    float shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s0 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s1 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s2 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s3 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s4 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s5 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s6 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s7 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+
+
+#define dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_lo(total_sums, bits4, scale, minv, y) \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s0 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s1 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s2 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s3 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s0, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s4 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s5 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s1, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s2, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s3, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s4, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s6 & 0x000F) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s7 & 0x000F) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s5, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x00F0) >> 4) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s6, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x0F00) >> 8) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y.s7, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y; \
+
+
+#define dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_hi(total_sums, bits4, scale, minv, y) \
+    float8 shared_y; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y, 0); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s0 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s2 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s7; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s1 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s3 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s7; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y, 1); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s4 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s6 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s7; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s5 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s7 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s7; \
+
+
+#define dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_lo(total_sums, bits4, scale, minv, y) \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y, 2); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s0 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s0 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s2 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s2 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s7; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s1 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s1 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s3 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s3 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s7; \
+    shared_y = sub_group_broadcast(y, 3); \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s4 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s4 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s0 += ((bits4.s6 & 0x000F)         * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s0 += (((bits4.s6 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s0 + minv.s0) * shared_y.s7; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s5 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s0; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s1; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s2; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s5 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s3; \
+    total_sums.s1 += ((bits4.s7 & 0x000F)         * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s4; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x00F0) >> 4)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s5; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0x0F00) >> 8)  * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s6; \
+    total_sums.s1 += (((bits4.s7 & 0xF000) >> 12) * scale.s1 + minv.s1) * shared_y.s7; \
+
+#ifdef ADRENO_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32(
+        read_only  image1d_buffer_t src0_q,
+        global half2  * src0_d,
+        global half2  * src0_m,
+        read_only  image1d_buffer_t src1,
+        global float * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01)
+{
+    uint groupId = get_local_id(1);
+    uint gid     = get_global_id(0);
+    ushort slid    = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    uint K = ne00;
+    uint M = ne01;
+
+    uint LINE_STRIDE_A = M / 2;
+    uint BLOCK_STRIDE_A = NSUBGROUPS * M;
+
+    private uint4     regA;
+    private half2     regS;
+    private half2     regM;
+    private float8    regB;
+
+    private float2 totalSum = (float2)(0.0f);
+
+    // loop along K in block granularity, skip 4 blocks every iter
+    for (uint k = groupId; k < (K / QK4_0); k += NSUBGROUPS) {
+        regS = src0_d[gid + k * LINE_STRIDE_A]; // each fiber loads scale of two rows
+        regM = src0_m[gid + k * LINE_STRIDE_A]; // each fiber loads min of two rows
+        // first 4 fibers in each wave load 8 B values to its private scope
+        if (slid < 4) {
+            regB.s0123 = read_imagef(src1, (slid * 2 + k * 8));
+            regB.s4567 = read_imagef(src1, (1 + slid * 2 + k * 8));
+        }
+
+        // load half weights for two blocks in consecutive rows
+        regA.s0 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 0)).x;
+        regA.s1 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 1)).x;
+        regA.s2 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 2)).x;
+        regA.s3 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 3)).x;
+#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+        dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_hi(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regM, regB);
+#else
+        dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_hi(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regM, regB);
+#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+
+        regA.s0 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 4)).x;
+        regA.s1 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 5)).x;
+        regA.s2 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 6)).x;
+        regA.s3 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 7)).x;
+#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+        dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_lo(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regM, regB);
+#else
+        dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_lo(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regM, regB);
+#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+    }
+
+    // reduction in local memory, assumes #wave=4
+    local float2 reduceLM[SUBGROUP_SIZE * 3];
+    if (groupId == 1) {
+        reduceLM[SUBGROUP_SIZE * 0 + slid] = totalSum;
+    }
+    if (groupId == 2) {
+        reduceLM[SUBGROUP_SIZE * 1 + slid] = totalSum;
+    }
+    if (groupId == 3) {
+        reduceLM[SUBGROUP_SIZE * 2 + slid] = totalSum;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    if (groupId == 0) {
+        totalSum += reduceLM[SUBGROUP_SIZE * 0 + slid];
+    }
+    if (groupId == 0) {
+        totalSum += reduceLM[SUBGROUP_SIZE * 1 + slid];
+    }
+    if (groupId == 0) {
+        totalSum += reduceLM[SUBGROUP_SIZE * 2 + slid];
+    }
+
+    // 2 outputs per fiber in wave 0
+    if (groupId == 0) {
+        dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+        vstore2(totalSum, 0, &(dst[gid * 2]));
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/get_rows.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/get_rows.cl
index b3fea2923df..c2962edc983 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/get_rows.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/get_rows.cl
@@ -69,11 +69,14 @@ kernel void kernel_get_rows_f32(
         int ne00,
         ulong nb01,
         ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
         int ne10,
         ulong nb10,
         ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
         ulong nb1,
-        ulong nb2
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
 ) {
     src0 = (global void*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
     src1 = (global int*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
@@ -81,14 +84,19 @@ kernel void kernel_get_rows_f32(
 
     int i10 = get_group_id(0);
     int i11 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i12 = get_group_id(2);
 
-    int r = ((global int *) ((global char *) src1 + i11*nb11 + i10*nb10))[0];
+    int r = ((global int *) ((global char *) src1 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11 + i10*nb10))[0];
 
     int i02 = i11;
+    int i03 = i12;
 
     for (int ind = get_local_id(0); ind < ne00; ind += get_local_size(0)) {
-        ((global float *) ((global char *) dst + i11*nb2 + i10*nb1))[ind] =
-            ((global float *) ((global char *) src0 + r*nb01 + i02*nb02))[ind];
+        if (ind >= ne00) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ((global float *) ((global char *) dst + i12*nb3 + i11*nb2 + i10*nb1))[ind] =
+            ((global float *) ((global char *) src0 + r*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03))[ind];
     }
 }
 
@@ -102,11 +110,14 @@ kernel void kernel_get_rows_f16(
         int ne00,
         ulong nb01,
         ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
         int ne10,
         ulong nb10,
         ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
         ulong nb1,
-        ulong nb2
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
 ) {
     src0 = (global void*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
     src1 = (global int*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
@@ -114,14 +125,19 @@ kernel void kernel_get_rows_f16(
 
     int i10 = get_group_id(0);
     int i11 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i12 = get_group_id(2);
 
-    int r = ((global int32_t *) ((global char *) src1 + i11*nb11 + i10*nb10))[0];
+    int r = ((global int32_t *) ((global char *) src1 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11 + i10*nb10))[0];
 
     int i02 = i11;
+    int i03 = i12;
 
     for (int ind = get_local_id(0); ind < ne00; ind += get_local_size(0)) {
-        ((global float *) ((global char *) dst + i11*nb2 + i10*nb1))[ind] =
-            ((global half *) ((global char *) src0 + r*nb01 + i02*nb02))[ind];
+        if (ind >= ne00) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ((global float *) ((global char *) dst + i12*nb3 + i11*nb2 + i10*nb1))[ind] =
+            ((global half *) ((global char *) src0 + r*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03))[ind];
     }
 }
 
@@ -135,11 +151,14 @@ kernel void kernel_get_rows_q4_0(
         int ne00,
         ulong nb01,
         ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
         int ne10,
         ulong nb10,
         ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
         ulong nb1,
-        ulong nb2
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
 ) {
     src0 = (global void*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
     src1 = (global int*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
@@ -149,15 +168,20 @@ kernel void kernel_get_rows_q4_0(
 
     int i10 = get_group_id(0);
     int i11 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i12 = get_group_id(2);
 
-    int r = ((global int32_t *) ((global char *) src1 + i11*nb11 + i10*nb10))[0];
+    int r = ((global int32_t *) ((global char *) src1 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11 + i10*nb10))[0];
 
     int i02 = i11;
+    int i03 = i12;
 
     for (int ind = get_local_id(0); ind < ne00/16; ind += get_local_size(0)) {
         float16 temp;
+        if (ind >= ne00) {
+            return;
+        }
         dequantize_q4_0_f32(
-            ((global struct block_q4_0 *) ((global char *) src0 + r*nb01 + i02*nb02)) + ind/NL, ind%NL, &temp);
-        *(((global float16 *) ((global char *) dst + i11*nb2 + i10*nb1)) + ind) = temp;
+            ((global struct block_q4_0 *) ((global char *) src0 + r*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03)) + ind/NL, ind%NL, &temp);
+        *(((global float16 *) ((global char *) dst + i12*nb3 + i11*nb2 + i10*nb1)) + ind) = temp;
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/glu.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/glu.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..059a4bbf1ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/glu.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define GELU_COEF_A     0.044715f
+#define GELU_QUICK_COEF -1.702f
+#define SQRT_2_OVER_PI  0.79788456080286535587989211986876f
+#define SQRT_2_INV      0.70710678118654752440084436210484f
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// geglu
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_geglu(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global float * src0_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global float * src1_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float gelu = 0.5f*x0*(1.0f + tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x0*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x0*x0)));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu*x1;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_geglu_f16(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global half * src0_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global half * src1_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global half * dst_row  = (global half *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const half x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const half x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const half gelu = 0.5f*x0*(1.0f + tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI*x0*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*x0*x0)));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu*x1;
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// reglu
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_reglu(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global float * src0_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global float * src1_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        dst_row[i0] = x0*x1*(x0 > 0.0f);
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_reglu_f16(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global half * src0_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global half * src1_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global half * dst_row  = (global half *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const half x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const half x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        dst_row[i0] = x0*x1*(x0 > 0.0f);
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// swiglu
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_swiglu(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global float * src0_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global float * src1_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float silu = x0 / (1.0f + exp(-x0));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = silu*x1;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_swiglu_f16(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global half * src0_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global half * src1_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global half * dst_row  = (global half *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const half x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const half x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const half silu = x0 / (1.0f + exp(-x0));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = silu*x1;
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// swiglu_oai
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_swiglu_oai(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    int           ne0,
+    ulong         nb1,
+    int           ne00_off,
+    int           ne10_off,
+    float         limit,
+    float         alpha
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global float * src0_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global float * src1_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        x0 = min(x0, limit);
+        x1 = max(min(x1, limit), -limit);
+
+        float out_glu = x0 / (1.0f + exp(-x0 * alpha));
+        out_glu = out_glu * (1.0f + x1);
+
+        dst_row[i0] = out_glu;
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// geglu_erf
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_geglu_erf(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global float * src0_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global float * src1_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float gelu_erf = 0.5f*x0*(1.0f + erf(x0*SQRT_2_INV));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu_erf*x1;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_geglu_erf_f16(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global half * src0_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global half * src1_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global half * dst_row  = (global half *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const half x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const half x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const half gelu_erf = 0.5f*x0*(1.0f + erf(x0*SQRT_2_INV));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu_erf*x1;
+    }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// geglu_quick
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_geglu_quick(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global float * src0_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global float * src1_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global float * dst_row  = (global float *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const float x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const float x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const float gelu_quick = x0*(1.0f/(1.0f + exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF*x0)));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu_quick*x1;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_geglu_quick_f16(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong  offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong  offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong  offsetd,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb11,
+    int ne0,
+    ulong nb1,
+    int ne00_off,
+    int ne10_off
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    global half * src0_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src0 + get_group_id(0)*nb01) + ne00_off;
+    global half * src1_row = (global half *) ((global char *) src1 + get_group_id(0)*nb11) + ne10_off;
+    global half * dst_row  = (global half *) ((global char *) dst  + get_group_id(0)*nb1);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const half x0 = src0_row[i0];
+        const half x1 = src1_row[i0];
+
+        const half gelu_quick = x0*(1.0f/(1.0f + exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF*x0)));
+
+        dst_row[i0] = gelu_quick*x1;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/group_norm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/group_norm.cl
index 57c9df4d35b..8e4fa0ed12d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/group_norm.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/group_norm.cl
@@ -70,3 +70,52 @@ kernel void kernel_group_norm(
         dst[j] *= scale;
     }
 }
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// group_norm_mul_add
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_group_norm_mul_add(
+        global float * src0, ulong offset0,
+        global float * src1, ulong offset1,
+        global float * src2, ulong offset2,
+        global float * dst, ulong offsetd,
+        int ne,
+        int group_size,
+        float eps
+) {
+    src0 = (global float *)((global char *)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global float *)((global char *)src1 + offset1);
+    src2 = (global float *)((global char *)src2 + offset2);
+    dst  = (global float *)((global char *)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    int start = get_group_id(0) * group_size;
+    int end = start + group_size;
+    if (end > ne) {
+        end = ne;
+    }
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+    float sum_sq = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = start + get_local_id(0); j < end; j += get_local_size(0)) {
+        float val = src0[j];
+        sum += val;
+        sum_sq += val*val;
+    }
+
+    sum = sub_group_reduce_add(sum);
+    sum_sq = sub_group_reduce_add(sum_sq);
+
+    const float mean = sum / group_size;
+    const float var = sum_sq / group_size - mean * mean;
+    const float scale = rsqrt(var + eps);
+
+    for (int j = start + get_local_id(0); j < end; j += get_local_size(0)) {
+        dst[j] = ((src0[j] - mean) * scale) * src1[j] + src2[j];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f16.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f16.cl
index b84c8984653..cf6cdaa4ce5 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f16.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f16.cl
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ kernel void kernel_im2col_f16(
     src1 = (global float*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
     dst = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
 
-    long  ksize = OW * (KH > 1 ? KW : 1);
+    long  ksize = OW * KH;
     long  kx = i / ksize;
     long  kd = kx * ksize;
     long  ky = (i - kd) / OW;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f32.cl
index 4bf65e4eaaf..1ecdb2344ad 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f32.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/im2col_f32.cl
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ kernel void kernel_im2col_f32(
     src1 = (global float*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
     dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
 
-    long  ksize = OW * (KH > 1 ? KW : 1);
+    long  ksize = OW * KH;
     long  kx = i / ksize;
     long  kd = kx * ksize;
     long  ky = (i - kd) / OW;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/l2_norm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/l2_norm.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb95355a679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/l2_norm.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_l2_norm_f32(
+        global void * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global float * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne03,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        float eps,
+        local float * sum
+) {
+    src0 = (global void*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    global float * x = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01);
+    global float * y = (global float *) (dst + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00);
+
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    // parallel sum
+    for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        sumf += x[i00] * x[i00];
+    }
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        sum[get_sub_group_id()] = sumf;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    // broadcast
+    for (uint i = get_local_size(0) / get_max_sub_group_size() / 2; i > 0; i /= 2) {
+       if (get_local_id(0) < i) {
+           sum[get_local_id(0)] += sum[get_local_id(0) + i];
+       }
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f/max(sqrt(sum[0]), eps);
+
+    for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        y[i00] = x[i00] * scale;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mean.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mean.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c7e0a587ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mean.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+
+// Most devices have max workgroup size of 1024, so this is enough for subgroup
+// sizes of 16, 32, 64 and 128. Increase this value for smaller subgroups sizes
+#define MAX_SUBGROUPS 64
+kernel void kernel_mean_f32(
+    global char *  src0,
+    ulong           offset0,
+    global char *  dst,
+    ulong           offsetd,
+    int             ne00,
+    int             ne01,
+    int             ne02,
+    int             ne03,
+    ulong           nb01,
+    ulong           nb02,
+    ulong           nb03,
+    ulong           nb1,
+    ulong           nb2,
+    ulong           nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    const int lid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int lsize = get_local_size(0);
+
+    const uint sg_size = get_sub_group_size();
+    const uint sg_id = get_sub_group_id();
+    const uint sg_lid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    __local float lmem[MAX_SUBGROUPS];
+
+    if (i3 >= ne03 || i2 >= ne02 || i1 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(sg_id == 0){
+        lmem[sg_lid] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    global float * src_row = (global float *) (src0 + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
+    global float * dst_row = (global float *) (dst  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i0 = lid; i0 < ne00; i0 += lsize) {
+        sumf += src_row[i0];
+    }
+
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    if(sg_lid == 0){
+        lmem[sg_id] = sumf;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    sumf = lmem[sg_lid];
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    if (lid == 0) {
+        dst_row[0] = sumf / ne00;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_mean_f32_4(
+    global char *  src0,
+    ulong           offset0,
+    global char *  dst,
+    ulong           offsetd,
+    int             ne00,
+    int             ne01,
+    int             ne02,
+    int             ne03,
+    ulong           nb01,
+    ulong           nb02,
+    ulong           nb03,
+    ulong           nb1,
+    ulong           nb2,
+    ulong           nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    const int lid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int lsize = get_local_size(0);
+
+    const uint sg_size = get_sub_group_size();
+    const uint sg_id = get_sub_group_id();
+    const uint sg_lid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    __local float lmem[MAX_SUBGROUPS];
+
+    if (i3 >= ne03 || i2 >= ne02 || i1 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(sg_id == 0){
+        lmem[sg_lid] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    global float4 * src_row = (global float4 *) (src0 + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
+    global float  * dst_row = (global float  *) (dst  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
+
+    float4 sum_vec = (float4)0.0f;
+
+    for (int i0 = lid; i0 < ne00 / 4; i0 += lsize) {
+        sum_vec += src_row[i0];
+    }
+
+    float sumf = dot(sum_vec, (float4)(1.0f));
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    if(sg_lid == 0){
+        lmem[sg_id] = sumf;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    sumf = lmem[sg_lid];
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    if (lid == 0) {
+        dst_row[0] = sumf / ne00;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul.cl
index 2a2b4eb70a1..b12a592165f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul.cl
@@ -77,3 +77,76 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_row(
     uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
     dst[gid] = src0[gid] * src1[idx1];
 }
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_f16(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne03,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne11,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb10,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int ne2,
+        int ne3,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    int i13 = i03 % ne13;
+    int i12 = i02 % ne12;
+    int i11 = i01 % ne11;
+
+    global char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01;
+    global char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*nb13 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11;
+    global char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*nb3  + i02*nb2  + i01*nb1;
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
+        *((global half *)(dst_ptr + i0*nb0)) = *((global half *)(src0_ptr + i0*nb00)) * *((global half *)(src1_ptr + i10*nb10));
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_row_f16(
+        global half4 * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global half4 * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global half4 * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global half4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    // This performs better than using %.
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
+    dst[gid] = src0[gid] * src1[idx1];
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mat_f16_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mat_f16_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73a888494dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mat_f16_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#if defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#else
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+#endif
+
+#define OPWM 64
+#define OPWN 64
+#define CPWK 8
+#define OPTM 4
+#define OPTN 8
+
+#define WG_M (OPWM / OPTM)
+#define WG_N (OPWN / OPTN)
+#define VEC_K (CPWK / 4)
+
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+__kernel void mul_mat_f16_f32(
+    const int M, const int N, const int K,
+    __global const void* A_void, ulong A_offset,
+    __global const void* B_void, ulong B_offset,
+    __global       void* C_void, ulong C_offset) {
+
+    __global const half*  A = (__global const half* )((__global const char*)A_void + A_offset);
+    __global const float* B = (__global const float*)((__global const char*)B_void + B_offset);
+    __global       float* C = (__global       float*)((__global       char*)C_void + C_offset);
+
+    const int lidm = get_local_id(0);
+    const int lidn = get_local_id(1);
+    const int lid = lidn * WG_M + lidm;
+
+    const int offsetM = get_group_id(0) * OPWM;
+    const int offsetN = get_group_id(1) * OPWN;
+
+    __local half4  Alocal[OPWM][VEC_K];
+    __local float4 Blocal[OPWN][VEC_K];
+
+    float sum[OPTM][OPTN];
+
+    for (int wm = 0; wm < OPTM; wm++) {
+        for (int wn = 0; wn < OPTN; wn++) {
+            sum[wm][wn] = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int numTiles = (K + CPWK - 1) / CPWK;
+
+    const int load_row_a = lid % OPWM;
+    const int load_vec_k_a = lid / OPWM;
+    const int global_row_a = offsetM + load_row_a;
+
+    const int load_row_b = lid % OPWN;
+    const int load_vec_k_b = lid / OPWN;
+    const int global_row_b = offsetN + load_row_b;
+
+    for (int t = 0; t < numTiles; t++) {
+        const int k_start = t * CPWK;
+        const int k_vec_start_a = k_start + load_vec_k_a * 4;
+        const int k_vec_start_b = k_start + load_vec_k_b * 4;
+
+        if (global_row_a < M && k_vec_start_a < K) {
+            if (k_vec_start_a + 3 < K) {
+                Alocal[load_row_a][load_vec_k_a] = vload4(0, A + global_row_a * K + k_vec_start_a);
+            } else {
+                half4 tempA = (half4)(0.0h);
+                if (k_vec_start_a < K) tempA.s0 = A[global_row_a * K + k_vec_start_a];
+                if (k_vec_start_a + 1 < K) tempA.s1 = A[global_row_a * K + k_vec_start_a + 1];
+                if (k_vec_start_a + 2 < K) tempA.s2 = A[global_row_a * K + k_vec_start_a + 2];
+                Alocal[load_row_a][load_vec_k_a] = tempA;
+            }
+        } else {
+            Alocal[load_row_a][load_vec_k_a] = (half4)(0.0h);
+        }
+
+        if (global_row_b < N && k_vec_start_b < K) {
+            if (k_vec_start_b + 3 < K) {
+                Blocal[load_row_b][load_vec_k_b] = vload4(0, B + global_row_b * K + k_vec_start_b);
+            } else {
+                float4 tempB = (float4)(0.0f);
+                if (k_vec_start_b < K) tempB.s0 = B[global_row_b * K + k_vec_start_b];
+                if (k_vec_start_b + 1 < K) tempB.s1 = B[global_row_b * K + k_vec_start_b + 1];
+                if (k_vec_start_b + 2 < K) tempB.s2 = B[global_row_b * K + k_vec_start_b + 2];
+                Blocal[load_row_b][load_vec_k_b] = tempB;
+            }
+        } else {
+            Blocal[load_row_b][load_vec_k_b] = (float4)(0.0f);
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (int k_vec = 0; k_vec < VEC_K; k_vec++) {
+            float4 a_fvecs[OPTM];
+            int current_row_a = lidm;
+            for (int wm = 0; wm < OPTM; wm++) {
+                a_fvecs[wm] = convert_float4(Alocal[current_row_a][k_vec]);
+                current_row_a += WG_M;
+            }
+
+            float4 b_fvecs[OPTN];
+            int current_row_b = lidn;
+            for (int wn = 0; wn < OPTN; wn++) {
+                b_fvecs[wn] = Blocal[current_row_b][k_vec];
+                current_row_b += WG_N;
+            }
+
+            for (int wm = 0; wm < OPTM; wm++) {
+                for (int wn = 0; wn < OPTN; wn++) {
+                    sum[wm][wn] += dot(a_fvecs[wm], b_fvecs[wn]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    for (int wm = 0; wm < OPTM; wm++) {
+        int globalRow = offsetM + lidm + wm * WG_M;
+        if (globalRow < M) {
+            for (int wn = 0; wn < OPTN; wn++) {
+                int globalCol = offsetN + lidn + wn * WG_N;
+                if (globalCol < N) {
+                    C[globalCol * M + globalRow] = sum[wm][wn];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f16_f32_kq_kqv.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f16_f32_kq_kqv.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac0274b64fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f16_f32_kq_kqv.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+
+#define LM_FIRST_256B   0
+#define LM_SECOND_256B  64
+#define LM_THIRD_256B   128
+#define LM_FOURTH_256B  192
+
+
+inline float16 mm_load_a(
+    image1d_buffer_t matrix_A,
+    uint subMatrixAStartInElements,
+    int nb01,
+    int line_stride_matrix_A_in_bytes
+) {
+    __private float8 regA;
+    size_t sub_block_id_m = get_local_id(0);
+
+#ifdef KQV
+    uint a_texCoord = subMatrixAStartInElements/2 + (sub_block_id_m * nb01/4);
+#else // KQ
+    uint a_texCoord = subMatrixAStartInElements/2 + (sub_block_id_m * line_stride_matrix_A_in_bytes/4);
+#endif
+
+    regA.s0123  = read_imagef(matrix_A, a_texCoord/4);
+    regA.s4567  = read_imagef(matrix_A, (a_texCoord+4)/4);
+
+    return convert_float16(as_half16(regA));
+}
+
+inline float4 alu_32(
+    float16 regA,
+    __local float4* matrix_B_vec
+) {
+
+    __private float4 rC = 0;
+    int i = get_sub_group_id() * 64;
+
+    rC += regA.s0  * matrix_B_vec[i];
+    rC += regA.s1  * matrix_B_vec[i + 16];
+    rC += regA.s4  * matrix_B_vec[i + 1];
+    rC += regA.s5  * matrix_B_vec[i + 17];
+    rC += regA.s8  * matrix_B_vec[i + 2];
+    rC += regA.s9  * matrix_B_vec[i + 18];
+    rC += regA.sc  * matrix_B_vec[i + 3];
+    rC += regA.sd  * matrix_B_vec[i + 19];
+
+    i += 32;
+
+    rC += regA.s2  * matrix_B_vec[i];
+     rC += regA.s3  * matrix_B_vec[i + 16];
+    rC += regA.s6  * matrix_B_vec[i + 1];
+    rC += regA.s7  * matrix_B_vec[i + 17];
+    rC += regA.sa  * matrix_B_vec[i + 2];
+    rC += regA.sb  * matrix_B_vec[i + 18];
+    rC += regA.se  * matrix_B_vec[i + 3];
+    rC += regA.sf  * matrix_B_vec[i + 19];
+
+    return rC;
+}
+
+inline float16 alu_16(
+    float16 regA,
+    __local float* matrix_B_local
+) {
+    float16 out;
+    __local float4* matrix_B_vec = (__local float4*)matrix_B_local;
+
+    out.s0123 = alu_32(regA, matrix_B_vec);
+    out.s4567 = alu_32(regA, matrix_B_vec + 4);
+    out.s89ab = alu_32(regA, matrix_B_vec + 8);
+    out.scdef = alu_32(regA, matrix_B_vec + 12);
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+inline void mm_mad(
+    __local float* matrix_B_local,
+    float16 regA,
+    float8 regB,
+    uint b_localOffsetInWords,
+    float16* regC0_ptr,
+    float16* regC1_ptr
+) {
+    int offset = b_localOffsetInWords + get_sub_group_id() * 256;
+
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_FIRST_256B] = regB.s0;
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_SECOND_256B] = regB.s1;
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_THIRD_256B] = regB.s2;
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_FOURTH_256B] = regB.s3;
+
+    float16 add0 = alu_16(regA, matrix_B_local);
+    *regC0_ptr += add0;
+
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_FIRST_256B] = regB.s4;
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_SECOND_256B] = regB.s5;
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_THIRD_256B] = regB.s6;
+    matrix_B_local[offset + LM_FOURTH_256B] = regB.s7;
+
+    float16 add1 = alu_16(regA, matrix_B_local);
+    *regC1_ptr += add1;
+}
+
+inline void mm_store_c_N(
+    __write_only image1d_buffer_t matrix_C,
+    float16 regC0,
+    float16 regC1,
+    uint subMatrixCStartInElements,
+    int line_stride_matrix_C_in_bytes,
+    int mask
+) {
+    size_t sub_block_id_m = get_local_id(0);
+
+    uint strideInWords     = line_stride_matrix_C_in_bytes/4;
+    uint c_coordInWords_0  = (subMatrixCStartInElements + sub_block_id_m);
+
+    uint c_coordInWords_1  = c_coordInWords_0 + 1  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_2  = c_coordInWords_0 + 2  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_3  = c_coordInWords_0 + 3  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_4  = c_coordInWords_0 + 4  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_5  = c_coordInWords_0 + 5  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_6  = c_coordInWords_0 + 6  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_7  = c_coordInWords_0 + 7  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_8  = c_coordInWords_0 + 8  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_9  = c_coordInWords_0 + 9  * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_10 = c_coordInWords_0 + 10 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_11 = c_coordInWords_0 + 11 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_12 = c_coordInWords_0 + 12 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_13 = c_coordInWords_0 + 13 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_14 = c_coordInWords_0 + 14 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_15 = c_coordInWords_0 + 15 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_16 = c_coordInWords_0 + 16 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_17 = c_coordInWords_0 + 17 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_18 = c_coordInWords_0 + 18 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_19 = c_coordInWords_0 + 19 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_20 = c_coordInWords_0 + 20 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_21 = c_coordInWords_0 + 21 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_22 = c_coordInWords_0 + 22 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_23 = c_coordInWords_0 + 23 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_24 = c_coordInWords_0 + 24 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_25 = c_coordInWords_0 + 25 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_26 = c_coordInWords_0 + 26 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_27 = c_coordInWords_0 + 27 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_28 = c_coordInWords_0 + 28 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_29 = c_coordInWords_0 + 29 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_30 = c_coordInWords_0 + 30 * strideInWords;
+    uint c_coordInWords_31 = c_coordInWords_0 + 31 * strideInWords;
+
+    if (mask > 0)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_0, regC0.s0);  }
+    if (mask > 1)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_1, regC0.s1);  }
+    if (mask > 2)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_2, regC0.s2);  }
+    if (mask > 3)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_3, regC0.s3);  }
+    if (mask > 4)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_4, regC0.s4);  }
+    if (mask > 5)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_5, regC0.s5);  }
+    if (mask > 6)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_6, regC0.s6);  }
+    if (mask > 7)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_7, regC0.s7);  }
+    if (mask > 8)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_8, regC0.s8);  }
+    if (mask > 9)  { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_9, regC0.s9);  }
+    if (mask > 10) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_10, regC0.sa); }
+    if (mask > 11) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_11, regC0.sb); }
+    if (mask > 12) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_12, regC0.sc); }
+    if (mask > 13) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_13, regC0.sd); }
+    if (mask > 14) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_14, regC0.se); }
+    if (mask > 15) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_15, regC0.sf); }
+    if (mask > 16) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_16, regC1.s0); }
+    if (mask > 17) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_17, regC1.s1); }
+    if (mask > 18) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_18, regC1.s2); }
+    if (mask > 19) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_19, regC1.s3); }
+    if (mask > 20) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_20, regC1.s4); }
+    if (mask > 21) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_21, regC1.s5); }
+    if (mask > 22) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_22, regC1.s6); }
+    if (mask > 23) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_23, regC1.s7); }
+    if (mask > 24) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_24, regC1.s8); }
+    if (mask > 25) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_25, regC1.s9); }
+    if (mask > 26) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_26, regC1.sa); }
+    if (mask > 27) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_27, regC1.sb); }
+    if (mask > 28) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_28, regC1.sc); }
+    if (mask > 29) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_29, regC1.sd); }
+    if (mask > 30) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_30, regC1.se); }
+    if (mask > 31) { write_imagef(matrix_C, c_coordInWords_31, regC1.sf); }
+}
+
+#define TILESIZE_K 16
+#define TILESIZE_M 64
+#define TILESIZE_N 32
+#ifdef KQV
+__kernel void mul_mm_f16_f32_kqv(
+#else
+__kernel void mul_mm_f16_f32_kq(
+#endif
+        __read_only  image1d_buffer_t matrix_A,
+        int offset0,
+        __global float* matrix_B,
+        int offset1,
+        __write_only image1d_buffer_t matrix_C,
+        int offsetd,
+        int M, int K, int N,
+        int D_A,
+        int D_B,
+        int nb01
+) {
+
+    uint block_id_m = get_global_id(1);
+    uint block_id_n = get_global_id(2) % ((N+TILESIZE_N-1)/TILESIZE_N);
+    uint block_id_d = get_global_id(2) / ((N+TILESIZE_N-1)/TILESIZE_N);
+
+    __private float16  regA;
+    __private float8   regB;
+    __private float16 regC0;
+    __private float16 regC1;
+
+    const uint col   = block_id_m * TILESIZE_M;
+    const uint row   = block_id_n * TILESIZE_N;
+    const uint depth_A = block_id_d / (D_B/D_A);
+    const uint depth_B = block_id_d;
+
+#ifdef KQV
+    int line_stride_matrix_A_in_bytes = nb01 * M;
+    int line_stride_matrix_B_in_bytes = K * N * 4;
+#else
+    int line_stride_matrix_A_in_bytes = K * D_A * 2;
+    int line_stride_matrix_B_in_bytes = K * D_B * 4;
+#endif
+
+    int line_stride_matrix_C_in_bytes = M * 4;
+
+    const uint strideAinElements = line_stride_matrix_A_in_bytes / 2;
+    const uint strideBinElements = line_stride_matrix_B_in_bytes / 4;
+
+    size_t sub_block_id_m = get_local_id(0);
+
+    uint b_localOffsetInWords = (sub_block_id_m/16)*16
+                           + ((((sub_block_id_m)>>0)&1)<<2)
+                           + ((((sub_block_id_m)>>1)&1)<<3)
+                           + ((((sub_block_id_m)>>2)&1)<<0)
+                           + ((((sub_block_id_m)>>3)&1)<<1);
+
+    uint2 b_globalOffsetInWords_xy = {((sub_block_id_m%4)*4), (sub_block_id_m>>2)};
+    uint b_globalOffsetInWords00, b_globalOffsetInWords16;
+#ifdef KQV
+    b_globalOffsetInWords00 = b_globalOffsetInWords_xy.x + b_globalOffsetInWords_xy.y*K;
+    b_globalOffsetInWords16 = b_globalOffsetInWords00 + (16 * K);
+    uint subMatrixAStartInElements = depth_A * strideAinElements + col * nb01 / 2;
+    uint subMatrixBStartInElements = depth_B * strideBinElements + row * K;
+#else
+    b_globalOffsetInWords00 = b_globalOffsetInWords_xy.x + b_globalOffsetInWords_xy.y*line_stride_matrix_B_in_bytes/4;
+    b_globalOffsetInWords16 = b_globalOffsetInWords00 + (16 * line_stride_matrix_B_in_bytes/4);
+    uint subMatrixAStartInElements = col * strideAinElements + depth_A * K;
+    uint subMatrixBStartInElements = row * strideBinElements + depth_B * K;
+#endif
+
+    __local float matrix_B_local[1024];
+
+    for (uint step=0; step < K; step+=TILESIZE_K) {
+        size_t sub_block_id_m = get_local_id(0);
+        regA = mm_load_a(matrix_A, subMatrixAStartInElements, nb01, line_stride_matrix_A_in_bytes);
+
+        uint b_coordInWords00 = subMatrixBStartInElements + b_globalOffsetInWords00;
+        uint b_coordInWords16 = subMatrixBStartInElements + b_globalOffsetInWords16;
+
+        regB.s0123 = vload4(b_coordInWords00/4, matrix_B);
+        regB.s4567 = vload4(b_coordInWords16/4, matrix_B);
+
+        mm_mad(matrix_B_local, regA, regB, b_localOffsetInWords, &regC0, &regC1);
+
+        subMatrixAStartInElements += TILESIZE_K;
+        subMatrixBStartInElements += TILESIZE_K;
+    }
+
+    uint subMatrixCStartInElements = depth_B * N * M + row * M + col;
+    mm_store_c_N(matrix_C, regC0, regC1, subMatrixCStartInElements, line_stride_matrix_C_in_bytes, (N-block_id_n*32));
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6982f8f514d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define LOAD_VEC_A 4
+#define LOAD_VEC_B 4
+
+#define BM 64
+#define BN 64
+#define BK 16
+#define TM 4
+#define TN 8
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mm_f16_f32_l4_lm(
+    global half4 * src0,
+    ulong offset0,
+    global float4 * src1,
+    ulong offset1,
+    global float * dst,
+    ulong offsetd,
+
+    int ne00,
+    int ne01,
+    int ne02,
+    int ne11,
+    int ne12,
+
+    int stride_a,
+    int stride_b,
+    int stride_d,
+
+    int batch_stride_a,
+    int batch_stride_b,
+    int batch_stride_d,
+
+    int r2,
+    int r3
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global float4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    local half  buf_a[BM * BK];
+    local float buf_b[BN * BK];
+
+    const int batch_idx = get_global_id(2);
+
+    const int i13 = batch_idx / ne12;
+    const int i12 = batch_idx % ne12;
+
+    const int i03 = i13 / r3;
+    const int i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+    const int batch_idx_a = i03 * ne02 + i02;
+
+    const int ir = get_group_id(0);
+    const int ic = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int th_r  = tid % (BM / TM);
+    const int th_c  = tid / (BM / TM);
+
+    const int loadr_a = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadc_a = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadr_b = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+    const int loadc_b = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+
+    const int loadstride_a = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_A / BK;
+    const int loadstride_b = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
+
+    int pos_a = (batch_idx_a * batch_stride_a + ir * BM * stride_a) / LOAD_VEC_A;
+    int pos_b = (batch_idx   * batch_stride_b + ic * BN * stride_b) / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+    float sums[TM * TN];
+    half  cache_a[TM];
+    float cache_b[TN];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TM * TN; i++) {
+        sums[i] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    for (int block = 0; block < ne00; block += BK) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
+            if (ir*BM + loadc_a + l < ne01) {
+                const int idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s0;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s1;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s2;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0h;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0h;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0h;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0h;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
+            if (ic*BN + loadc_b + l < ne11) {
+                const int idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s0;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s1;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s2;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0h;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0h;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0h;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0h;
+            }
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        pos_a += BK / LOAD_VEC_A;
+        pos_b += BK / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < BK; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < TM; j++) {
+                cache_a[j] = buf_a[(i) * BM + th_r * TM + j];
+            }
+            for (int j = 0; j < TN; j++) {
+                cache_b[j] = buf_b[(i) * BN + th_c * TN + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+                for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const int sums_idx = cc*TM + cr;
+                    sums[sums_idx] = mad(convert_float(cache_a[cr]), cache_b[cc], sums[sums_idx]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const int dr = ir * BM + th_r * TM;
+    const int dc = ic * BN + th_c * TN;
+
+    const int offsets = batch_idx * batch_stride_d;
+
+    for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+        for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+            if (dr + cr < ne01 && dc + cc < ne11) {
+                dst[offsets + (dc + cc) * stride_d + dr + cr] = sums[cc * TM + cr];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d7d5ba647e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define LOAD_VEC_A 4
+#define LOAD_VEC_B 4
+
+#define BM 64
+#define BN 64
+#define BK 16
+#define TM 4
+#define TN 8
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mm_f32_f32_l4_lm(
+    global float4 * src0,
+    ulong offset0,
+    global float4 * src1,
+    ulong offset1,
+    global float * dst,
+    ulong offsetd,
+
+    int ne00,
+    int ne01,
+    int ne02,
+    int ne11,
+    int ne12,
+
+    int stride_a,
+    int stride_b,
+    int stride_d,
+
+    int batch_stride_a,
+    int batch_stride_b,
+    int batch_stride_d,
+
+    int r2,
+    int r3
+) {
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global float4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    local float buf_a[BM * BK];
+    local float buf_b[BN * BK];
+
+    const int batch_idx = get_global_id(2);
+
+    const int i13 = batch_idx / ne12;
+    const int i12 = batch_idx % ne12;
+
+    const int i03 = i13 / r3;
+    const int i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+    const int batch_idx_a = i03 * ne02 + i02;
+
+    const int ir = get_group_id(0);
+    const int ic = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int th_r  = tid % (BM / TM);
+    const int th_c  = tid / (BM / TM);
+
+    const int loadr_a = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadc_a = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadr_b = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+    const int loadc_b = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+
+    const int loadstride_a = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_A / BK;
+    const int loadstride_b = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
+
+    int pos_a = (batch_idx_a * batch_stride_a + ir * BM * stride_a) / LOAD_VEC_A;
+    int pos_b = (batch_idx   * batch_stride_b + ic * BN * stride_b) / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+    float sums[TM * TN];
+    float cache_a[TM];
+    float cache_b[TN];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TM * TN; i++) {
+        sums[i] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    for (int block = 0; block < ne00; block += BK) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
+            if (ir*BM + loadc_a + l < ne01) {
+                const int idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s0;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s1;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s2;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = src0[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
+            if (ic*BN + loadc_b + l < ne11) {
+                const int idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s0;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s1;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s2;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        pos_a += BK / LOAD_VEC_A;
+        pos_b += BK / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < BK; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < TM; j++) {
+                cache_a[j] = buf_a[(i) * BM + th_r * TM + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < TN; j++) {
+                cache_b[j] = buf_b[(i) * BN + th_c * TN + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+                for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const int sums_idx = cc*TM + cr;
+                    sums[sums_idx] = mad(cache_a[cr], cache_b[cc], sums[sums_idx]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const int dr = ir * BM + th_r * TM;
+    const int dc = ic * BN + th_c * TN;
+
+    const int offsets = batch_idx * batch_stride_d;
+
+    for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+        for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+            if (dr + cr < ne01 && dc + cc < ne11) {
+                dst[offsets + (dc + cc) * stride_d + dr + cr] = sums[cc * TM + cr];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4100e3080a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define LOAD_VEC_A 8
+#define LOAD_VEC_B 4
+
+#define BM 64
+#define BN 64
+#define BK 32
+#define TM 4
+#define TN 8
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mm_q4_0_f32_l4_lm(
+    global uchar4 * src0_q,
+    global half   * src0_d,
+    global float4 * src1,
+    ulong offset1,
+    global float  * dst,
+    ulong offsetd,
+
+    int ne00,
+    int ne01,
+    int ne02,
+    int ne11,
+    int ne12,
+
+    int stride_a,
+    int stride_b,
+    int stride_d,
+
+    int batch_stride_a,
+    int batch_stride_b,
+    int batch_stride_d,
+
+    int r2,
+    int r3
+) {
+    src1 = (global float4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global float *)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    local float buf_a[BM * BK];
+    local float buf_b[BN * BK];
+
+    const int batch_idx = get_global_id(2);
+
+    const int i13 = batch_idx / ne12;
+    const int i12 = batch_idx % ne12;
+
+    const int i03 = i13 / r3;
+    const int i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+    const int batch_idx_a = i03 * ne02 + i02;
+
+    const int ir = get_group_id(0);
+    const int ic = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int th_r  = tid % (BM / TM);
+    const int th_c  = tid / (BM / TM);
+
+    const int loadr_a = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadc_a = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadr_b = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+    const int loadc_b = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+
+    const int loadstride_a = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_A / BK;
+    const int loadstride_b = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
+
+    int pos_a = (batch_idx_a * batch_stride_a + ir * BM * stride_a) / LOAD_VEC_A;
+    int pos_b = (batch_idx   * batch_stride_b + ic * BN * stride_b) / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+    float sums[TM * TN];
+    float cache_a[TM];
+    float cache_b[TN];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TM * TN; i++) {
+        sums[i] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    for (int block = 0; block < ne00; block += BK) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
+            if (ir*BM + loadc_a + l < ne01) {
+                int idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+                int ib  = idx / 4;
+                int iqs = idx % 4;
+
+                float d = (float)src0_d[ib];
+                global uchar4 * qs = src0_q + ib*4 + iqs;
+                uchar4 q = *qs;
+                float4 v1 = (convert_float4((uchar4)((q.s0   )&0x0F, (q.s1   )&0x0F, (q.s2   )&0x0F, (q.s3   )&0x0F)) - 8.0f)*d;
+                float4 v2 = (convert_float4((uchar4)((q.s0>>4)&0x0F, (q.s1>>4)&0x0F, (q.s2>>4)&0x0F, (q.s3>>4)&0x0F)) - 8.0f)*d;
+
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s0;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s1;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s2;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s3;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 16) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s0;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 17) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s1;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 18) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s2;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 19) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 16) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 17) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 18) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 19) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
+            if (ic*BN + loadc_b + l < ne11) {
+                int idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s0;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s1;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s2;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        pos_a += BK / LOAD_VEC_A;
+        pos_b += BK / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < BK; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < TM; j++) {
+                cache_a[j] = buf_a[(i) * BM + th_r * TM + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < TN; j++) {
+                cache_b[j] = buf_b[(i) * BN + th_c * TN + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+                for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const int sums_idx = cc*TM + cr;
+                    sums[sums_idx] = mad(cache_a[cr], cache_b[cc], sums[sums_idx]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const int dr = ir * BM + th_r * TM;
+    const int dc = ic * BN + th_c * TN;
+
+    const int offsets = batch_idx * batch_stride_d;
+
+    for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+        for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+            if (dr + cr < ne01 && dc + cc < ne11) {
+                dst[offsets + (dc + cc) * stride_d + dr + cr] = sums[cc * TM + cr];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d0d2f08361e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define LOAD_VEC_A 8
+#define LOAD_VEC_B 4
+
+#define BM 64
+#define BN 64
+#define BK 32
+#define TM 4
+#define TN 8
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mm_q4_1_f32_l4_lm(
+    global uchar4 * src0_q,
+    global half   * src0_d,
+    global half   * src0_m,
+    global float4 * src1,
+    ulong offset1,
+    global float  * dst,
+    ulong offsetd,
+
+    int ne00,
+    int ne01,
+    int ne02,
+    int ne11,
+    int ne12,
+
+    int stride_a,
+    int stride_b,
+    int stride_d,
+
+    int batch_stride_a,
+    int batch_stride_b,
+    int batch_stride_d,
+
+    int r2,
+    int r3
+) {
+    src1 = (global float4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global float *)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    local float buf_a[BM * BK];
+    local float buf_b[BN * BK];
+
+    const int batch_idx = get_global_id(2);
+
+    const int i13 = batch_idx / ne12;
+    const int i12 = batch_idx % ne12;
+
+    const int i03 = i13 / r3;
+    const int i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+    const int batch_idx_a = i03 * ne02 + i02;
+
+    const int ir = get_group_id(0);
+    const int ic = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int th_r  = tid % (BM / TM);
+    const int th_c  = tid / (BM / TM);
+
+    const int loadr_a = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadc_a = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadr_b = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+    const int loadc_b = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+
+    const int loadstride_a = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_A / BK;
+    const int loadstride_b = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
+
+    int pos_a = (batch_idx_a * batch_stride_a + ir * BM * stride_a) / LOAD_VEC_A;
+    int pos_b = (batch_idx   * batch_stride_b + ic * BN * stride_b) / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+    float sums[TM * TN];
+    float cache_a[TM];
+    float cache_b[TN];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TM * TN; i++) {
+        sums[i] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    for (int block = 0; block < ne00; block += BK) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
+            if (ir*BM + loadc_a + l < ne01) {
+                int idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+                int ib  = idx / 4;
+                int iqs = idx % 4;
+
+                float d = (float)src0_d[ib];
+                float m = (float)src0_m[ib];
+                global uchar4 * qs = src0_q + ib*4 + iqs;
+                uchar4 q = *qs;
+                float4 v1 = (convert_float4((uchar4)((q.s0   )&0x0F, (q.s1   )&0x0F, (q.s2   )&0x0F, (q.s3   )&0x0F)))*d + m;
+                float4 v2 = (convert_float4((uchar4)((q.s0>>4)&0x0F, (q.s1>>4)&0x0F, (q.s2>>4)&0x0F, (q.s3>>4)&0x0F)))*d + m;
+
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s0;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s1;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s2;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v1.s3;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 16) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s0;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 17) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s1;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 18) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s2;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 19) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v2.s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 +  3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 16) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 17) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 18) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * 4 + 19) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
+            if (ic*BN + loadc_b + l < ne11) {
+                int idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s0;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s1;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s2;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        pos_a += BK / LOAD_VEC_A;
+        pos_b += BK / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < BK; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < TM; j++) {
+                cache_a[j] = buf_a[(i) * BM + th_r * TM + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < TN; j++) {
+                cache_b[j] = buf_b[(i) * BN + th_c * TN + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+                for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const int sums_idx = cc*TM + cr;
+                    sums[sums_idx] = mad(cache_a[cr], cache_b[cc], sums[sums_idx]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const int dr = ir * BM + th_r * TM;
+    const int dc = ic * BN + th_c * TN;
+
+    const int offsets = batch_idx * batch_stride_d;
+
+    for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+        for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+            if (dr + cr < ne01 && dc + cc < ne11) {
+                dst[offsets + (dc + cc) * stride_d + dr + cr] = sums[cc * TM + cr];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3602c92fef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define LOAD_VEC_A 2
+#define LOAD_VEC_B 4
+
+#define BM 64
+#define BN 64
+#define BK 32
+#define TM 4
+#define TN 8
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm(
+    global uchar * src0_ql,
+    global uchar * src0_qh,
+    global char  * src0_s,
+    global half  * src0_d,
+    global float4 * src1,
+    ulong offset1,
+    global float  * dst,
+    ulong offsetd,
+
+    int ne00,
+    int ne01,
+    int ne02,
+    int ne11,
+    int ne12,
+
+    int stride_a,
+    int stride_b,
+    int stride_d,
+
+    int batch_stride_a,
+    int batch_stride_b,
+    int batch_stride_d,
+
+    int r2,
+    int r3
+) {
+    src1 = (global float4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global float *)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    local float buf_a[BM * BK];
+    local float buf_b[BN * BK];
+
+    const int batch_idx = get_global_id(2);
+
+    const int i13 = batch_idx / ne12;
+    const int i12 = batch_idx % ne12;
+
+    const int i03 = i13 / r3;
+    const int i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+    const int batch_idx_a = i03 * ne02 + i02;
+
+    const int ir = get_group_id(0);
+    const int ic = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int th_r  = tid % (BM / TM);
+    const int th_c  = tid / (BM / TM);
+
+    const int loadr_a = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadc_a = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadr_b = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+    const int loadc_b = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+
+    const int loadstride_a = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_A / BK;
+    const int loadstride_b = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
+
+    int pos_a = (batch_idx_a * batch_stride_a + ir * BM * stride_a) / LOAD_VEC_A;
+    int pos_b = (batch_idx   * batch_stride_b + ic * BN * stride_b) / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+    float sums[TM * TN];
+    float cache_a[TM];
+    float cache_b[TN];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TM * TN; i++) {
+        sums[i] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    for (int block = 0; block < ne00; block += BK) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
+            if (ir*BM + loadc_a + l < ne01) {
+                int idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+
+                int ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
+                int iqs = idx % 128;                 // 0..127
+
+                int n = iqs / 64;                    // 0,1
+                int b = (iqs % 64) / 32;             // 0,1
+                int is_b = (iqs % 16) / 8;           // 0,1
+                int qhshift = ((iqs % 64) / 16) * 2; // 0,2,4,6
+                int is = 8 * n + qhshift + is_b;     // 0..15
+                int qsi = n * 64 + (iqs % 32) * 2;   // 0,2,4..126
+                int qhi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;   // 0,2,4..62
+
+                float dscale = (float)src0_d[ib] * (float)src0_s[ib*16 + is];
+
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = dscale * convert_float(convert_char(((src0_ql[128*ib + qsi + 0] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((src0_qh[64*ib + qhi + 0] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32);
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = dscale * convert_float(convert_char(((src0_ql[128*ib + qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((src0_qh[64*ib + qhi + 1] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32);
+            } else {
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
+            if (ic*BN + loadc_b + l < ne11) {
+                int idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s0;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s1;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s2;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        pos_a += BK / LOAD_VEC_A;
+        pos_b += BK / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < BK; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < TM; j++) {
+                cache_a[j] = buf_a[(i) * BM + th_r * TM + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < TN; j++) {
+                cache_b[j] = buf_b[(i) * BN + th_c * TN + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+                for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const int sums_idx = cc*TM + cr;
+                    sums[sums_idx] = mad(cache_a[cr], cache_b[cc], sums[sums_idx]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const int dr = ir * BM + th_r * TM;
+    const int dc = ic * BN + th_c * TN;
+
+    const int offsets = batch_idx * batch_stride_d;
+
+    for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+        for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+            if (dr + cr < ne01 && dc + cc < ne11) {
+                dst[offsets + (dc + cc) * stride_d + dr + cr] = sums[cc * TM + cr];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..51ce2121ce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ADRENO_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
+#endif
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4(
+        global const uint * src0_q,
+        global const half  * src0_d,
+        __read_only image1d_buffer_t src1,
+        global float * dst,
+        int k,
+        int m,
+        int n,
+        int n_no_padding,
+        ulong offsetd
+) {
+
+    int m_4 = m >> 2;
+    int n_4 = n >> 2;
+
+    int gy   = get_global_id(0);
+    int gx   = get_global_id(1);
+    int gx_2 = gx << 2;
+    dst  = (global float *)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+
+    half8 c0 = 0, c1 = 0, c2 = 0, c3 = 0;
+    half8 B;
+    half4 deq;
+
+    __global const uint* wptr = src0_q + gx_2;
+    __global const half* sptr = src0_d + gx_2;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < k; i += 4) {
+        uint4 pack4 = vload4(0, wptr + (i / 4) * m);
+        half4 scale = vload4(0, sptr + (i / 32) * m);
+
+        char4 p0 = as_char4(pack4.s0);
+        char4 p1 = as_char4(pack4.s1);
+        char4 p2 = as_char4(pack4.s2);
+        char4 p3 = as_char4(pack4.s3);
+
+        // ------------------- j = 0 (k = i+0) -------------------
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 0) * n_4);
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 0) * n_4 + 1);
+
+        half4 wj0 = convert_half4((char4)(p0.s0, p1.s0, p2.s0, p3.s0)) * scale;
+
+        c0 += B * wj0.s0;
+        c1 += B * wj0.s1;
+        c2 += B * wj0.s2;
+        c3 += B * wj0.s3;
+
+        // ------------------- j = 1 (k = i+1) -------------------
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 1) * n_4);
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 1) * n_4 + 1);
+
+        half4 wj1 = convert_half4((char4)(p0.s1, p1.s1, p2.s1, p3.s1)) * scale;
+
+        c0 += B * wj1.s0;
+        c1 += B * wj1.s1;
+        c2 += B * wj1.s2;
+        c3 += B * wj1.s3;
+
+        // ------------------- j = 2 (k = i+2) -------------------
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 2) * n_4);
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 2) * n_4 + 1);
+
+        half4 wj2 = convert_half4((char4)(p0.s2, p1.s2, p2.s2, p3.s2)) * scale;
+
+        c0 += B * wj2.s0;
+        c1 += B * wj2.s1;
+        c2 += B * wj2.s2;
+        c3 += B * wj2.s3;
+
+        // ------------------- j = 3 (k = i+3) -------------------
+        B.s0123 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 3) * n_4);
+        B.s4567 = read_imageh(src1, gy * 2 + (i + 3) * n_4 + 1);
+
+        half4 wj3 = convert_half4((char4)(p0.s3, p1.s3, p2.s3, p3.s3)) * scale;
+
+        c0 += B * wj3.s0;
+        c1 += B * wj3.s1;
+        c2 += B * wj3.s2;
+        c3 += B * wj3.s3;
+    }
+
+    int idx = (gy << 3) * m + (gx << 2);
+
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s0, c1.s0, c2.s0, c3.s0), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s1, c1.s1, c2.s1, c3.s1), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s2, c1.s2, c2.s2, c3.s2), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s3, c1.s3, c2.s3, c3.s3), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s4, c1.s4, c2.s4, c3.s4), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s5, c1.s5, c2.s5, c3.s5), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s6, c1.s6, c2.s6, c3.s6), 0, dst + idx);
+        idx += m;
+    }
+    if(idx+3 < m*n_no_padding){
+        vstore4((float4)(c0.s7, c1.s7, c2.s7, c3.s7), 0, dst + idx);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..147b66f6692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#define LOAD_VEC_A 4
+#define LOAD_VEC_B 4
+
+#define BM 64
+#define BN 64
+#define BK 32
+#define TM 4
+#define TN 8
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_l4_lm(
+    global char4  * src0_q,
+    global half   * src0_d,
+    global float4 * src1,
+    ulong offset1,
+    global float  * dst,
+    ulong offsetd,
+
+    int ne00,
+    int ne01,
+    int ne02,
+    int ne11,
+    int ne12,
+
+    int stride_a,
+    int stride_b,
+    int stride_d,
+
+    int batch_stride_a,
+    int batch_stride_b,
+    int batch_stride_d,
+
+    int r2,
+    int r3
+) {
+    src1 = (global float4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global float *)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    local float buf_a[BM * BK];
+    local float buf_b[BN * BK];
+
+    const int batch_idx = get_global_id(2);
+
+    const int i13 = batch_idx / ne12;
+    const int i12 = batch_idx % ne12;
+
+    const int i03 = i13 / r3;
+    const int i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+    const int batch_idx_a = i03 * ne02 + i02;
+
+    const int ir = get_group_id(0);
+    const int ic = get_group_id(1);
+
+    const int tid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int th_r  = tid % (BM / TM);
+    const int th_c  = tid / (BM / TM);
+
+    const int loadr_a = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadc_a = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
+    const int loadr_b = get_local_id(0) % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+    const int loadc_b = get_local_id(0) / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+
+    const int loadstride_a = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_A / BK;
+    const int loadstride_b = get_local_size(0) * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
+
+    int pos_a = (batch_idx_a * batch_stride_a + ir * BM * stride_a) / LOAD_VEC_A;
+    int pos_b = (batch_idx   * batch_stride_b + ic * BN * stride_b) / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+    float sums[TM * TN];
+    float cache_a[TM];
+    float cache_b[TN];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TM * TN; i++) {
+        sums[i] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    for (int block = 0; block < ne00; block += BK) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
+            if (ir*BM + loadc_a + l < ne01) {
+                int idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+                int ib  = idx / 8;
+                int iqs = idx % 8;
+
+                float d = (float)src0_d[ib];
+                global char4 * qs = src0_q + ib*8 + iqs;
+                char4 q = *qs;
+                float4 v = convert_float4(q)*d;
+
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v.s0;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v.s1;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v.s2;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = v.s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 0) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 1) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 2) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_a[(loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A + 3) * BM + loadc_a + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
+            if (ic*BN + loadc_b + l < ne11) {
+                int idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s0;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s1;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s2;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = src1[idx].s3;
+            } else {
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 0) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 1) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 2) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+                buf_b[(loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B + 3) * BN + loadc_b + l] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        pos_a += BK / LOAD_VEC_A;
+        pos_b += BK / LOAD_VEC_B;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < BK; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < TM; j++) {
+                cache_a[j] = buf_a[(i) * BM + th_r * TM + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < TN; j++) {
+                cache_b[j] = buf_b[(i) * BN + th_c * TN + j];
+            }
+
+            for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+                for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const int sums_idx = cc*TM + cr;
+                    sums[sums_idx] = mad(cache_a[cr], cache_b[cc], sums[sums_idx]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    }
+
+    const int dr = ir * BM + th_r * TM;
+    const int dc = ic * BN + th_c * TN;
+
+    const int offsets = batch_idx * batch_stride_d;
+
+    for (int cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+        for (int cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+            if (dr + cr < ne01 && dc + cc < ne11) {
+                dst[offsets + (dc + cc) * stride_d + dr + cr] = sums[cc * TM + cr];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d50bd1fc428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+typedef struct {
+    uchar e; // E8M0
+    uchar qs[QK_MXFP4/2];
+} block_mxfp4;
+
+constant static float kvalues_mxfp4_f[16] = {
+    0, .5f, 1.f, 1.5f, 2.f, 3.f, 4.f, 6.f, -0, -.5f, -1.f, -1.5f, -2.f, -3.f, -4.f, -6.f
+};
+
+static inline float e8m0_to_fp32(uchar x) {
+    int bits;
+
+    if (x == 0) {
+        bits = 0x00400000;
+    } else {
+        bits = (uint) x << 23;
+    }
+
+    return as_float(bits);
+}
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+inline void mul_mv_mxfp4_f32(
+    global char * src0,
+    global char * src1,
+    global char * dst,
+    int ne00,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb02,
+    ulong nb03,
+    int ne12,
+    ulong nb11,
+    ulong nb12,
+    ulong nb13,
+    int ne0,
+    int ne1,
+    int r2,
+    int r3,
+    local  char * shmem
+) {
+    local float * shmem_f32 = (local float *) shmem;
+    int nb = ne00/QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = 0;
+
+    int first_row = (r0 * N_SG_MXFP4 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_MXFP4;
+
+    uint i12 = im%ne12;
+    uint i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    ulong offset_src0 = first_row*nb01 + (i12/r2)*nb02 + (i13/r3)*nb03;
+    ulong offset_src1 =        r1*nb11 + (i12   )*nb12 + (i13   )*nb13;
+
+    global block_mxfp4 * x = (global block_mxfp4 *) (src0 + offset_src0);
+    global float       * y = (global float       *) (src1 + offset_src1);
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/2;  // 0...15
+    const short it = get_sub_group_local_id()%2;  // 0 or 1
+
+    shmem_f32[get_sub_group_local_id()] = kvalues_mxfp4_f[get_sub_group_local_id()%16];
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    float4 yl[4];
+    float sumf[N_R0_MXFP4] = {0.f};
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix * QK_MXFP4 + it * 8;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/2) {
+        global float4 * y4 = (global float4 *)yb;
+        yl[0] = y4[0];
+        yl[1] = y4[4];
+        yl[2] = y4[1];
+        yl[3] = y4[5];
+
+        for (short row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4; row++) {
+            global block_mxfp4 * xb = x + row*nb + ib;
+            global uchar       * q2 = (global uchar *)(xb->qs + 8*it);
+
+            float4 acc1 = yl[0]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[0] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[1] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[2] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[3] &  0x0F]);
+            float4 acc2 = yl[1]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[0] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[1] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[2] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[3] >> 4   ]);
+            float4 acc3 = yl[2]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[4] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[5] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[6] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[7] &  0x0F]);
+            float4 acc4 = yl[3]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[4] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[5] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[6] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[7] >> 4   ]);
+
+            acc1 = (acc1 + acc3) + (acc2 + acc4);
+
+            sumf[row] += e8m0_to_fp32(xb->e) * ((acc1.s0 + acc1.s1) + (acc1.s2 + acc1.s3));
+        }
+
+        yb += (N_SIMDWIDTH/2) * QK_MXFP4;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst + (ulong)im*ne0*ne1 + (ulong)r1*ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4 && first_row + row < ne0; ++row) {
+        float sum_all = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf[row]);
+        if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + row] = sum_all;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * src2,
+    ulong         offset2,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    ulong         nb03,
+    int           ne11,
+    int           ne12,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb12,
+    ulong         nb13,
+    int           ne20,
+    int           ne21,
+    ulong         nb21,
+    int           ne0,
+    int           ne1,
+    int           r2,
+    int           r3,
+    local  char * shmem
+) {
+    src0 = (global char *)((global char *)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char *)((global char *)src1 + offset1);
+    src2 = (global char *)((global char *)src2 + offset2);
+    dst  = (global char *)((global char *)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    const int iid1 = get_group_id(2)/ne20;
+    const int idx  = get_group_id(2)%ne20;
+
+    int i02 = ((global int *) (src2 + iid1*nb21))[idx];
+
+    int i11 = idx % ne11;
+    int i12 = iid1;
+
+    int i1 = idx;
+    int i2 = i12;
+
+    global char * src0_cur = src0 + i02*nb02;
+    global char * src1_cur = src1 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
+
+    global char * dst_cur = dst + (i1*ne0 + i2*ne1*ne0)*sizeof(float);
+
+    mul_mv_mxfp4_f32(src0_cur, src1_cur, dst_cur,
+        ne00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne12, nb11, nb12, nb13, ne0, ne1, r2, r3, shmem);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f65e86ed6a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+
+static inline half4 mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(ushort fp4x4) {
+    ushort2 fp16_packed_a, fp16_packed_b, bias_a, bias_b, sign_a, sign_b;
+    fp16_packed_a.lo = (fp4x4 << 9) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_a.hi = (fp4x4 << 5) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b.lo = (fp4x4 << 1) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b.hi = (fp4x4 >> 3) & 0x0E00;
+
+    bias_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a.lo == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+    bias_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a.hi == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+    bias_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b.lo == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+    bias_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b.hi == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+
+    fp16_packed_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a.lo == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_a.lo;
+    fp16_packed_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a.hi == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_a.hi;
+    fp16_packed_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b.lo == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_b.lo;
+    fp16_packed_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b.hi == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_b.hi;
+
+    sign_a.lo = (fp4x4 << 12) & 0x8000;
+    sign_a.hi = (fp4x4 << 8) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.lo = (fp4x4 << 4) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.hi = fp4x4 & 0x8000;
+
+    fp16_packed_a = sign_a + bias_a + fp16_packed_a;
+    fp16_packed_b = sign_b + bias_b + fp16_packed_b;
+
+    return as_half4((ushort4)(fp16_packed_a, fp16_packed_b));
+}
+
+static inline float e8m0_to_fp32(uchar x) {
+    int bits;
+    bits = (x == 0) ? 0x00400000 : ((uint) x << 23);
+    return as_float(bits);
+}
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 4
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 1
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#define SRC0Q_IMG
+#endif
+
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat(
+#ifdef SRC0Q_IMG
+    __read_only image1d_buffer_t src0_q,
+#else
+    global uchar * src0_q,
+#endif
+    global uchar * src0_e,
+    global uchar * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global uchar * src2,
+    ulong         offset2,
+    global uchar * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    ulong         nb03,
+    int           ne11,
+    int           ne12,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb12,
+    ulong         nb13,
+    int           ne20,
+    int           ne21,
+    ulong         nb21,
+    int           ne0,
+    int           ne1,
+    int           r2,
+    int           r3
+) {
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    const int iid1 = get_group_id(2) / ne20;
+    const int idx  = get_group_id(2) % ne20;
+
+    uint i02 = ((global uint *) (src2 + offset2 + iid1 * nb21))[idx];
+
+    int i11 = idx % ne11;
+
+    int nb = ne00 / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    uint src0_off = i02*nb02;
+    src0_off /= 17; // 17 = sizeof(block_mxfp4)
+
+    src0_e = src0_e + src0_off;
+
+    dst = dst + (idx * ne0 + iid1 * ne1 * ne0) * sizeof(float);
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+
+    int first_row = (r0 * N_SG_MXFP4 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_MXFP4;
+
+    uint offset_src0 = first_row*nb01;
+    offset_src0 /= 17; // 17 = sizeof(block_mxfp4)
+#ifdef SRC0Q_IMG
+    ulong offset_q = src0_off + offset_src0;
+#else
+    src0_q = src0_q + src0_off*16;
+    global uchar16 * x_q = (global uchar16 *)(src0_q) + offset_src0;
+#endif
+    global uchar * x_e = src0_e + offset_src0;
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id() >> 1;
+    const short it = get_sub_group_local_id() & 1;
+
+    float sumf[N_R0_MXFP4] = {0.f};
+
+    src1 = src1 + offset1 + i11 * nb11 + iid1 * nb12;
+    global float * y   = (global float *) (src1 + r1 * nb11);
+    global float * yb = y + ix * QK_MXFP4 + it * 8;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH / 2) {
+        global float4 * y4 = (global float4 *)yb;
+
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (short row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4; row++) {
+            uchar xb_e = x_e[row * nb + ib];
+#ifdef SRC0Q_IMG
+            ushort4 xb_q = as_ushort4(read_imageui(src0_q, (offset_q + row * nb + ib) * 2 + it).xy);
+#else
+            ushort4 xb_q = vload4(0, (global ushort *)((global uchar *)(x_q + row * nb + ib) + 8 * it));
+#endif
+
+            half4 fp16x4_0 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s0);
+            half4 fp16x4_1 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s1);
+            float4 acc1 = y4[0] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s0, fp16x4_0.s2, fp16x4_1.s0, fp16x4_1.s2);
+            acc1 += y4[4] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s1, fp16x4_0.s3, fp16x4_1.s1, fp16x4_1.s3);
+
+            fp16x4_0 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s2);
+            fp16x4_1 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s3);
+            acc1 += y4[1] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s0, fp16x4_0.s2, fp16x4_1.s0, fp16x4_1.s2);
+            acc1 += y4[5] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s1, fp16x4_0.s3, fp16x4_1.s1, fp16x4_1.s3);
+
+            sumf[row] += e8m0_to_fp32(xb_e) * ((acc1.s0 + acc1.s1) + (acc1.s2 + acc1.s3));
+        }
+
+        yb += (N_SIMDWIDTH / 2) * QK_MXFP4;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *)dst + (ulong)r1 * ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4 && first_row + row < ne0; ++row) {
+        float sum_all = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf[row]);
+        if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + row] = sum_all;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f37e83ee8aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK8_0 32
+typedef struct {
+    half d;       // delta
+    char qs[QK8_0]; // quants
+} block_q8_0;
+
+#define NB_Q8_0 8
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * src2,
+    ulong         offset2,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    int           ne01,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    int           ne11,
+    int           ne12,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb12,
+    int           ne20,
+    int           ne21,
+    ulong         nb21,
+    int           ne0,
+    int           ne1
+) {
+    src0 = (global char *)((global char *)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char *)((global char *)src1 + offset1);
+    src2 = (global char *)((global char *)src2 + offset2);
+    dst  = (global char *)((global char *)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    int iid1 = get_group_id(2)/ne20;
+    int idx  = get_group_id(2)%ne20;
+
+    int i02 = ((global int *) (src2 + iid1*nb21))[idx];
+
+    int i11_ = idx % ne11;
+    int i12_ = iid1;
+
+    int i1 = idx;
+    int i2 = i12_;
+
+    global char * src0_cur = src0 + i02*nb02;
+    global char * src1_cur = src1 + i11_*nb11 + i12_*nb12;
+
+    global char * dst_cur = dst + (i1*ne0 + i2*ne1*ne0)*sizeof(float);
+
+    int nb = ne00/QK8_0;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+
+    int first_row = (r0*N_SG_Q8_0 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_Q8_0;
+
+    ulong offset_src1 = r1*nb11;
+    global float * y  = (global float *) (src1_cur + offset_src1);
+
+    // pointers to src0 rows
+    global block_q8_0 * ax[N_R0_Q8_0];
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_Q8_0; ++row) {
+        ulong offset_src0 = (first_row + row)*nb01;
+        ax[row] = (global block_q8_0 *) ((global char *) src0_cur + offset_src0);
+    }
+
+    float yl[NB_Q8_0];
+    float sumf[N_R0_Q8_0] = { 0.f };
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/4;
+    const short il = get_sub_group_local_id()%4;
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+
+    // each thread handles NB_Q8_0 quants at a time
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/4) {
+        for (short i = 0; i < NB_Q8_0; ++i) {
+            yl[i] = yb[i];
+        }
+
+        for (short row = 0; row < N_R0_Q8_0; row++) {
+            global char * qs = ax[row][ib].qs + il*NB_Q8_0;
+            float sumq = 0.f;
+            for (short iq = 0; iq < NB_Q8_0; ++iq) {
+                sumq += qs[iq] * yl[iq];
+            }
+            sumf[row] += sumq*ax[row][ib].d;
+        }
+
+        yb += N_SIMDWIDTH*NB_Q8_0;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst_cur + (ulong)r1*ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_Q8_0; ++row) {
+        float tot = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf[row]);
+
+        if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0 && first_row + row < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + row] = tot;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd3a0710f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK8_0 32
+typedef struct {
+    half d;       // delta
+    char qs[QK8_0]; // quants
+} block_q8_0;
+
+#define NB_Q8_0 8
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat(
+    global char * src0_q,
+    global half * src0_d,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * src2,
+    ulong         offset2,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    int           ne01,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    int           ne11,
+    int           ne12,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb12,
+    int           ne20,
+    int           ne21,
+    ulong         nb21,
+    int           ne0,
+    int           ne1
+) {
+    src1 = (global char *)((global char *)src1 + offset1);
+    src2 = (global char *)((global char *)src2 + offset2);
+    dst  = (global char *)((global char *)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    int iid1 = (int)get_group_id(2)/ne20;
+    int idx  = (int)get_group_id(2)%ne20;
+
+    int i02 = ((global int *) (src2 + iid1*nb21))[idx];
+
+    int i11_ = idx % ne11;
+    int i12_ = iid1;
+
+    int i1 = idx;
+    int i2 = i12_;
+
+    // 34 == sizeof(block_q8_0)
+    uint src0_off = i02*nb02;
+    src0_off /= 34;
+
+    global char * src0_q_cur = src0_q + src0_off*sizeof(char)*QK8_0;
+    global half * src0_d_cur = src0_d + src0_off;
+    global char * src1_cur   = src1 + i11_*nb11 + i12_*nb12;
+
+    global char * dst_cur = dst + (i1*ne0 + i2*ne1*ne0)*sizeof(float);
+
+    int nb = ne00/QK8_0;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+
+    int first_row = (r0*N_SG_Q8_0 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_Q8_0;
+
+    ulong offset_src1 = r1*nb11;
+    global float * y  = (global float *) (src1_cur + offset_src1);
+
+    // pointers to src0 rows
+    uint offset_src0_base = first_row*nb01;
+
+    global char * ax0, * ax1, * ax2, * ax3;
+    global half * ad0, * ad1, * ad2, * ad3;
+    uint offset_src0;
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 0*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax0 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad0 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 1*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax1 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad1 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 2*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax2 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad2 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 3*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax3 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad3 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d_cur + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/4;
+    const short il = get_sub_group_local_id()%4;
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+
+    float8 yl;
+    float8 qv;
+    float4 sumf = 0.f;
+    float  sumq = 0.f;
+    global char * qs;
+
+    // each thread handles NB_Q8_0 quants at a time
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/4) {
+        yl = vload8(0, yb);
+
+        qs = ax0 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s0 += sumq*ad0[ib];
+
+        qs = ax1 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s1 += sumq*ad1[ib];
+
+        qs = ax2 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s2 += sumq*ad2[ib];
+
+        qs = ax3 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s3 += sumq*ad3[ib];
+
+        yb += N_SIMDWIDTH*NB_Q8_0;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst_cur + (ulong)r1*ne0;
+
+    float4 tot = (float4)(
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s0),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s1),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s2),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s3)
+    );
+
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        if (first_row + 0 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 0] = tot.s0;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 1 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 1] = tot.s1;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 2 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 2] = tot.s2;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 3 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 3] = tot.s3;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_mxfp4_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_mxfp4_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a4d4b9bad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_mxfp4_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+typedef struct {
+    uchar e; // E8M0
+    uchar qs[QK_MXFP4/2];
+} block_mxfp4;
+
+constant static float kvalues_mxfp4_f[16] = {
+    0, .5f, 1.f, 1.5f, 2.f, 3.f, 4.f, 6.f, -0, -.5f, -1.f, -1.5f, -2.f, -3.f, -4.f, -6.f
+};
+
+static inline float e8m0_to_fp32(uchar x) {
+    int bits;
+
+    if (x == 0) {
+        bits = 0x00400000;
+    } else {
+        bits = (uint) x << 23;
+    }
+
+    return as_float(bits);
+}
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int ne00,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb02,
+    ulong nb03,
+    int ne12,
+    ulong nb11,
+    ulong nb12,
+    ulong nb13,
+    int ne0,
+    int ne1,
+    int r2,
+    int r3,
+    local  char * shmem
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    local float * shmem_f32 = (local float *) shmem;
+    int nb = ne00/QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+
+    int first_row = (r0 * N_SG_MXFP4 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_MXFP4;
+
+    uint i12 = im%ne12;
+    uint i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    ulong offset_src0 = first_row*nb01 + (i12/r2)*nb02 + (i13/r3)*nb03;
+    ulong offset_src1 =        r1*nb11 + (i12   )*nb12 + (i13   )*nb13;
+
+    global block_mxfp4 * x = (global block_mxfp4 *) (src0 + offset_src0);
+    global float       * y = (global float       *) (src1 + offset_src1);
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/2;  // 0...15
+    const short it = get_sub_group_local_id()%2;  // 0 or 1
+
+    shmem_f32[get_sub_group_local_id()] = kvalues_mxfp4_f[get_sub_group_local_id()%16];
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    float4 yl[4];
+    float sumf[N_R0_MXFP4] = {0.f};
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix * QK_MXFP4 + it * 8;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/2) {
+        global float4 * y4 = (global float4 *)yb;
+        yl[0] = y4[0];
+        yl[1] = y4[4];
+        yl[2] = y4[1];
+        yl[3] = y4[5];
+
+        for (short row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4; row++) {
+            global block_mxfp4 * xb = x + row*nb + ib;
+            global uchar       * q2 = (global uchar *)(xb->qs + 8*it);
+
+            float4 acc1 = yl[0]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[0] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[1] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[2] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[3] &  0x0F]);
+            float4 acc2 = yl[1]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[0] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[1] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[2] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[3] >> 4   ]);
+            float4 acc3 = yl[2]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[4] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[5] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[6] &  0x0F], shmem_f32[q2[7] &  0x0F]);
+            float4 acc4 = yl[3]*(float4)(shmem_f32[q2[4] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[5] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[6] >> 4   ], shmem_f32[q2[7] >> 4   ]);
+
+            acc1 = (acc1 + acc3) + (acc2 + acc4);
+
+            sumf[row] += e8m0_to_fp32(xb->e) * ((acc1.s0 + acc1.s1) + (acc1.s2 + acc1.s3));
+        }
+
+        yb += (N_SIMDWIDTH/2) * QK_MXFP4;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst + (ulong)im*ne0*ne1 + (ulong)r1*ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4 && first_row + row < ne0; ++row) {
+        float sum_all = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf[row]);
+        if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + row] = sum_all;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d5a923eee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK_MXFP4 32
+
+static inline half4 mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(ushort fp4x4) {
+    ushort2 fp16_packed_a, fp16_packed_b, bias_a, bias_b, sign_a, sign_b;
+    fp16_packed_a.lo = (fp4x4 << 9) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_a.hi = (fp4x4 << 5) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b.lo = (fp4x4 << 1) & 0x0E00;
+    fp16_packed_b.hi = (fp4x4 >> 3) & 0x0E00;
+
+    bias_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a.lo == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+    bias_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a.hi == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+    bias_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b.lo == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+    bias_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b.hi == 0) ? 0x0 : 0x3800;
+
+    fp16_packed_a.lo = (fp16_packed_a.lo == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_a.lo;
+    fp16_packed_a.hi = (fp16_packed_a.hi == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_a.hi;
+    fp16_packed_b.lo = (fp16_packed_b.lo == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_b.lo;
+    fp16_packed_b.hi = (fp16_packed_b.hi == 0x0200) ? 0x0 : fp16_packed_b.hi;
+
+    sign_a.lo = (fp4x4 << 12) & 0x8000;
+    sign_a.hi = (fp4x4 << 8) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.lo = (fp4x4 << 4) & 0x8000;
+    sign_b.hi = fp4x4 & 0x8000;
+
+    fp16_packed_a = sign_a + bias_a + fp16_packed_a;
+    fp16_packed_b = sign_b + bias_b + fp16_packed_b;
+
+    return as_half4((ushort4)(fp16_packed_a, fp16_packed_b));
+}
+
+static inline float e8m0_to_fp32(uchar x) {
+    int bits;
+    bits = (x == 0) ? 0x00400000 : ((uint) x << 23);
+    return as_float(bits);
+}
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_MXFP4 2
+#define N_SG_MXFP4 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#define SRC0Q_IMG
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_mxfp4_f32_flat(
+#ifdef SRC0Q_IMG
+    __read_only image1d_buffer_t src0_q,
+#else
+    global uchar * src0_q,
+#endif
+    global uchar * src0_e,
+    global uchar * src1,
+    ulong          offset1,
+    global uchar * dst,
+    ulong          offsetd,
+    int ne00,
+    ulong nb01,
+    ulong nb02,
+    ulong nb03,
+    int ne12,
+    ulong nb11,
+    ulong nb12,
+    ulong nb13,
+    int ne0,
+    int ne1,
+    int r2,
+    int r3
+) {
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst = dst + offsetd;
+
+    int nb = ne00 / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+
+    int first_row = (r0 * N_SG_MXFP4 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_MXFP4;
+
+    uint i12 = im % ne12;
+    uint i13 = im / ne12;
+
+    uint offset_src0 = first_row*nb01 + (i12/r2)*nb02 + (i13/r3)*nb03;
+    // 17 = sizeof(block_mxfp4)
+    offset_src0 /= 17;
+#ifdef SRC0Q_IMG
+    ulong offset_q = offset_src0;
+#else
+    global uchar16 * x_q = (global uchar16 *)(src0_q) + offset_src0;
+#endif
+    global uchar * x_e = src0_e + offset_src0;
+
+    ulong offset_src1 = r1 * nb11 + i12 * nb12 + i13 * nb13;
+    global float * y = (global float *)(src1 + offset_src1);
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id() >> 1;  // 0...15
+    const short it = get_sub_group_local_id() & 1;  // 0 or 1
+
+    float sumf[N_R0_MXFP4] = {0.f};
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix * QK_MXFP4 + it * 8;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/2) {
+        global float4 * y4 = (global float4 *)yb;
+
+        #pragma unroll
+        for (short row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4; row++) {
+            uchar xb_e = x_e[row * nb + ib];
+#ifdef SRC0Q_IMG
+            ushort4 xb_q = as_ushort4(read_imageui(src0_q, (offset_q + row * nb + ib) * 2 + it).xy);
+#else
+            ushort4 xb_q = vload4(0, (global ushort *)((global uchar *)(x_q + row * nb + ib) + 8 * it));
+#endif
+
+            half4 fp16x4_0 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s0);
+            half4 fp16x4_1 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s1);
+            float4 acc1 = y4[0] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s0, fp16x4_0.s2, fp16x4_1.s0, fp16x4_1.s2);
+            acc1 += y4[4] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s1, fp16x4_0.s3, fp16x4_1.s1, fp16x4_1.s3);
+
+            fp16x4_0 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s2);
+            fp16x4_1 = mxfp4_to_fp16_packed(xb_q.s3);
+            acc1 += y4[1] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s0, fp16x4_0.s2, fp16x4_1.s0, fp16x4_1.s2);
+            acc1 += y4[5] * (float4)(fp16x4_0.s1, fp16x4_0.s3, fp16x4_1.s1, fp16x4_1.s3);
+
+            sumf[row] += e8m0_to_fp32(xb_e) * ((acc1.s0 + acc1.s1) + (acc1.s2 + acc1.s3));
+        }
+
+        yb += (N_SIMDWIDTH/2) * QK_MXFP4;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst + (ulong)im*ne0*ne1 + (ulong)r1*ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_MXFP4 && first_row + row < ne0; ++row) {
+        float sum_all = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf[row]);
+        if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + row] = sum_all;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_1_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_1_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6fe828f20e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_1_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK4_1                   32
+
+struct block_q4_1 {
+    half d; // delta
+    half m; // min
+    uchar qs[QK4_1 / 2]; // nibbles / quants
+};
+
+inline float block_q4_1_dot_y(
+    global const struct block_q4_1 * qb_curr,
+    float sumy,
+    float16 yl,
+    int il
+) {
+    float d = qb_curr->d;
+    float m = qb_curr->m;
+
+    float4 acc = (float4)(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    global const ushort * qs = ((global const ushort *) qb_curr + 2 + il/2);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s0 * (qs[0] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s0 += yl.s1 * (qs[0] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s0 += yl.s8 * (qs[0] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.s9 * (qs[0] & 0xF000);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s2 * (qs[1] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s1 += yl.s3 * (qs[1] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s2 += yl.sa * (qs[1] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.sb * (qs[1] & 0xF000);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s4 * (qs[2] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s1 += yl.s5 * (qs[2] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s2 += yl.sc * (qs[2] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.sd * (qs[2] & 0xF000);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s6 * (qs[3] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s1 += yl.s7 * (qs[3] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s2 += yl.se * (qs[3] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.sf * (qs[3] & 0xF000);
+
+    return d * (acc.s0 + acc.s1 + acc.s2 + acc.s3) + sumy * m;
+}
+
+#undef N_DST
+#undef N_SIMDGROUP
+#undef N_SIMDWIDTH
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_DST 4 // each subgroup works on 4 rows
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 1 // number of subgroups in a thread group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // assuming subgroup size is 16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_DST 4
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 1
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+inline void mul_vec_q_n_f32(
+        global void * src0,
+        global float * src1,
+        global float * dst,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int r2,
+        int r3
+) {
+    const ulong nb = ne00/QK4_1;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+
+    int first_row = (r0 * N_SIMDGROUP + get_sub_group_id()) * N_DST;
+
+    int i12 = im%ne12;
+    int i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    ulong offset0 = first_row * nb + (i12/r2)*(nb*ne01) + (i13/r3)*(nb*ne01*ne02);
+
+    global struct block_q4_1 * x = (global struct block_q4_1 *) src0 + offset0;
+    global float             * y = (global float             *) src1 + r1*ne10 + im*ne00*ne1;
+
+    float16 yl;
+    float4 sumf = (float4)(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
+
+    int ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/2;
+    int il = 8*(get_sub_group_local_id()%2);
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix * QK4_1 + il;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/2) {
+        float sumy = 0;
+
+        sumy += yb[0];
+        sumy += yb[1];
+        sumy += yb[2];
+        sumy += yb[3];
+        sumy += yb[4];
+        sumy += yb[5];
+        sumy += yb[6];
+        sumy += yb[7];
+
+        sumy += yb[16];
+        sumy += yb[17];
+        sumy += yb[18];
+        sumy += yb[19];
+        sumy += yb[20];
+        sumy += yb[21];
+        sumy += yb[22];
+        sumy += yb[23];
+
+
+        yl.s0 = yb[0];
+        yl.s1 = yb[1]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s2 = yb[2];
+        yl.s3 = yb[3]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s4 = yb[4];
+        yl.s5 = yb[5]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s6 = yb[6];
+        yl.s7 = yb[7]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s8 = yb[16]/16.f;
+        yl.s9 = yb[17]/4096.f;
+
+        yl.sa = yb[18]/16.f;
+        yl.sb = yb[19]/4096.f;
+
+        yl.sc = yb[20]/16.f;
+        yl.sd = yb[21]/4096.f;
+
+        yl.se = yb[22]/16.f;
+        yl.sf = yb[23]/4096.f;
+
+        sumf.s0 += block_q4_1_dot_y(x+ib+0*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+        sumf.s1 += block_q4_1_dot_y(x+ib+1*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+        sumf.s2 += block_q4_1_dot_y(x+ib+2*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+        sumf.s3 += block_q4_1_dot_y(x+ib+3*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+
+        yb += QK4_1 * (N_SIMDWIDTH/2);
+    }
+
+    float4 tot = (float4)(
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s0), sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s1),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s2), sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s3)
+    );
+
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        if (first_row + 0 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 0] = tot.s0;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 1 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 1] = tot.s1;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 2 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 2] = tot.s2;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 3 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 3] = tot.s3;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32(
+        global void * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global float * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global float * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int r2,
+        int r3
+) {
+    src0 = (global void*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global float*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    mul_vec_q_n_f32(src0, src1, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne10, ne12, ne0, ne1, r2, r3);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d7c4645d675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK4_1                   32
+
+struct block_q4_1 {
+    half d; // delta
+    half m; // min
+    uchar qs[QK4_1 / 2]; // nibbles / quants
+};
+
+inline float block_q4_1_dot_y_flat(
+    global const uchar * x,
+    global const half  * dh,
+    global const half  * mh,
+    float sumy,
+    float16 yl,
+    int il
+) {
+    float                 d   = *dh;
+    float                 m   = *mh;
+    global const ushort * qs = ((global const ushort *) x + il/2);
+
+    float4 acc = (float4)(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s0 * (qs[0] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s0 += yl.s1 * (qs[0] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s0 += yl.s8 * (qs[0] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.s9 * (qs[0] & 0xF000);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s2 * (qs[1] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s1 += yl.s3 * (qs[1] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s2 += yl.sa * (qs[1] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.sb * (qs[1] & 0xF000);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s4 * (qs[2] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s1 += yl.s5 * (qs[2] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s2 += yl.sc * (qs[2] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.sd * (qs[2] & 0xF000);
+
+    acc.s0 += yl.s6 * (qs[3] & 0x000F);
+    acc.s1 += yl.s7 * (qs[3] & 0x0F00);
+    acc.s2 += yl.se * (qs[3] & 0x00F0);
+    acc.s3 += yl.sf * (qs[3] & 0xF000);
+
+    return d * (acc.s0 + acc.s1 + acc.s2 + acc.s3) + sumy * m;
+}
+
+#undef N_DST
+#undef N_SIMDGROUP
+#undef N_SIMDWIDTH
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_DST 4 // each subgroup works on 4 rows
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 1 // number of subgroups in a thread group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // assuming subgroup size is 16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_DST 4
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 1
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+inline void mul_vec_q_n_f32_flat(
+        global void * src0_q,
+        global void * src0_d,
+        global void * src0_m,
+        global float * src1,
+        global float * dst,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int r2,
+        int r3
+) {
+    const ulong nb = ne00/QK4_1;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+
+    int first_row = (r0 * N_SIMDGROUP + get_sub_group_id()) * N_DST;
+
+    int i12 = im%ne12;
+    int i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    ulong offset0 = first_row * nb + (i12/r2)*(nb*ne01) + (i13/r3)*(nb*ne01*ne02);
+
+    // The number of scales/mins is the same as the number of blocks.
+    ulong offset0_dm = (first_row * nb + (i12/r2)*(nb*ne01) + (i13/r3)*(nb*ne01*ne02));
+    // Each block contains QK4_1/2 uchars, hence offset for qs is as follows.
+    ulong offset0_q  = (first_row * nb + (i12/r2)*(nb*ne01) + (i13/r3)*(nb*ne01*ne02)) * QK4_1/2;
+
+    global uchar * x = (global uchar *) src0_q + offset0_q;
+    global half  * d = (global half  *) src0_d + offset0_dm;
+    global half  * m = (global half  *) src0_m + offset0_dm;
+    global float * y = (global float *) src1   + r1*ne10 + im*ne00*ne1;
+
+    float16 yl;
+    float4 sumf = (float4)(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
+
+    int ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/2;
+    int il = 8*(get_sub_group_local_id()%2);
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix * QK4_1 + il;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/2) {
+        float sumy = 0;
+
+        sumy += yb[0];
+        sumy += yb[1];
+        sumy += yb[2];
+        sumy += yb[3];
+        sumy += yb[4];
+        sumy += yb[5];
+        sumy += yb[6];
+        sumy += yb[7];
+
+        sumy += yb[16];
+        sumy += yb[17];
+        sumy += yb[18];
+        sumy += yb[19];
+        sumy += yb[20];
+        sumy += yb[21];
+        sumy += yb[22];
+        sumy += yb[23];
+
+
+        yl.s0 = yb[0];
+        yl.s1 = yb[1]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s2 = yb[2];
+        yl.s3 = yb[3]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s4 = yb[4];
+        yl.s5 = yb[5]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s6 = yb[6];
+        yl.s7 = yb[7]/256.f;
+
+        yl.s8 = yb[16]/16.f;
+        yl.s9 = yb[17]/4096.f;
+
+        yl.sa = yb[18]/16.f;
+        yl.sb = yb[19]/4096.f;
+
+        yl.sc = yb[20]/16.f;
+        yl.sd = yb[21]/4096.f;
+
+        yl.se = yb[22]/16.f;
+        yl.sf = yb[23]/4096.f;
+
+        sumf.s0 += block_q4_1_dot_y_flat(x + ib*QK4_1/2 + 0*nb*QK4_1/2, d + ib + 0*nb, m + ib + 0*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+        sumf.s1 += block_q4_1_dot_y_flat(x + ib*QK4_1/2 + 1*nb*QK4_1/2, d + ib + 1*nb, m + ib + 1*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+        sumf.s2 += block_q4_1_dot_y_flat(x + ib*QK4_1/2 + 2*nb*QK4_1/2, d + ib + 2*nb, m + ib + 2*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+        sumf.s3 += block_q4_1_dot_y_flat(x + ib*QK4_1/2 + 3*nb*QK4_1/2, d + ib + 3*nb, m + ib + 3*nb, sumy, yl, il);
+
+        yb += QK4_1 * (N_SIMDWIDTH/2);
+    }
+
+    float4 tot = (float4)(
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s0), sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s1),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s2), sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s3)
+    );
+
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        if (first_row + 0 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 0] = tot.s0;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 1 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 1] = tot.s1;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 2 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 2] = tot.s2;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 3 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 3] = tot.s3;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q4_1_f32_flat(
+        global void * src0_q,
+        global void * src0_d,
+        global void * src0_m,
+        global float * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global float * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int r2,
+        int r3
+) {
+    src1 = (global float*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    mul_vec_q_n_f32_flat(src0_q, src0_d, src0_m, src1, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne10, ne12, ne0, ne1, r2, r3);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_k_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_k_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71ab9898213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q4_k_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// block_q4_K
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define QK_K            256
+#define K_SCALE_SIZE    12
+
+// 8 blocks of 32 elements each
+// weight is represented as x = a * q + b
+typedef struct {
+    half d;    // super-block scale for quantized scales
+    half dmin; // super-block scale for quantized mins
+
+    uchar scales[K_SCALE_SIZE]; // scales and mins, quantized with 6 bits
+    uchar qs[QK_K/2];           // 4-bit quants
+} block_q4_K;
+
+#undef N_DST
+#undef N_SIMDGROUP
+#undef N_SIMDWIDTH
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_DST 4 // number of rows each SIMD group works on
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 1 // number of SIMD groups in a thread group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // SIMD group size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_DST 4
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 1
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+#undef  BLOCK_STRIDE
+// number of (super) blocks each subgroup processes
+// each thread in a subgroup processes a block (32 weights)
+#define BLOCK_STRIDE (N_SIMDWIDTH/8)
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32(
+        global char * src0,
+        int offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        int offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        int offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne12,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int r2,
+        int r3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    ushort kmask1 = 0x3f3f;
+    ushort kmask2 = 0x0f0f;
+    ushort kmask3 = 0xc0c0;
+
+    int ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/8;  // super block index
+    int it = get_sub_group_local_id()%8;  // block index (inside super block)
+    int iq = it/4;     // 0 or 1 - first or second half of the super block
+    int ir = it%4;     // 0...3 - block index in the half super block
+
+    int nb = ne00/QK_K;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+    int first_row = (r0 * N_SIMDGROUP + get_sub_group_id()) * N_DST;
+
+    int i12 = im%ne12;
+    int i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    int offset_src0 = first_row*nb01 + (i12/r2)*nb02 + (i13/r3)*nb03;
+    int offset_src1 =        r1*nb11 + (i12   )*nb12 + (i13   )*nb13;
+
+    global block_q4_K * x = (global block_q4_K *) (src0 + offset_src0);
+    global float      * y = (global float      *) (src1 + offset_src1);
+
+    float yl[16];
+    float yh[16];
+    float sumf[N_DST] = {0.f};
+    float all_sum;
+
+    global float * y4 = y + ix * QK_K + 64 * iq + 8 * ir;
+
+    ushort  sc16[4];
+    uchar * sc8 = (uchar *)sc16;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += BLOCK_STRIDE) {
+        float4 sumy = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+            yl[i+0] = y4[i+0];
+            sumy.s0 += yl[i+0];
+
+            yl[i+8] = y4[i+32];
+            sumy.s1 += yl[i+8];
+
+            yh[i+0] = y4[i+128];
+            sumy.s2 += yh[i+0];
+
+            yh[i+8] = y4[i+160];
+            sumy.s3 += yh[i+8];
+        }
+
+        global ushort * sc = (global ushort *)x[ib].scales + iq;
+        global ushort * q1 = (global ushort *)x[ib].qs + 16 * iq + 4 * ir;
+        global half     * dh = &x[ib].d;
+
+        for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; row++) {
+            sc16[0] = sc[0] & kmask1;
+            sc16[1] = sc[2] & kmask1;
+            sc16[2] = ((sc[4] >> 0) & kmask2) | ((sc[0] & kmask3) >> 2);
+            sc16[3] = ((sc[4] >> 4) & kmask2) | ((sc[2] & kmask3) >> 2);
+
+            global ushort * q2 = q1 + 32;
+
+            float4 acc1 = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+            float4 acc2 = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
+                acc1.s0 += yl[i+0] * (q1[i/2] & 0x000F);
+                acc1.s1 += yl[i+1] * (q1[i/2] & 0x0F00);
+                acc1.s2 += yl[i+8] * (q1[i/2] & 0x00F0);
+                acc1.s3 += yl[i+9] * (q1[i/2] & 0xF000);
+                acc2.s0 += yh[i+0] * (q2[i/2] & 0x000F);
+                acc2.s1 += yh[i+1] * (q2[i/2] & 0x0F00);
+                acc2.s2 += yh[i+8] * (q2[i/2] & 0x00F0);
+                acc2.s3 += yh[i+9] * (q2[i/2] & 0xF000);
+            }
+
+            float dall = dh[0];
+            float dmin = dh[1];
+            sumf[row] += dall * ((acc1.s0 + 1.f/256.f * acc1.s1) * sc8[0] +
+                                 (acc1.s2 + 1.f/256.f * acc1.s3) * sc8[1] * 1.f/16.f +
+                                 (acc2.s0 + 1.f/256.f * acc2.s1) * sc8[4] +
+                                 (acc2.s2 + 1.f/256.f * acc2.s3) * sc8[5] * 1.f/16.f) -
+                         dmin * (sumy.s0 * sc8[2] + sumy.s1 * sc8[3] + sumy.s2 * sc8[6] + sumy.s3 * sc8[7]);
+
+            q1 += nb01/2;
+            sc += nb01/2;
+            dh += nb01/2;
+        }
+
+        y4 += BLOCK_STRIDE * QK_K;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst + im*ne0*ne1 + r1*ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+        all_sum = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf[row]);
+        if (first_row + row < ne01) {
+            if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+                dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k_f32.cl
similarity index 99%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k.cl
rename to ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k_f32.cl
index 8a17b9aae63..819e5192e35 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k_f32.cl
@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32(
 
     int row = N_SIMDGROUP * r0 + get_sub_group_id();
 
+    if (row >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     int i12 = im%ne12;
     int i13 = im/ne12;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k_f32_flat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k_f32_flat.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..86fe09c6dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q6_k_f32_flat.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_flat
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define Q6_K_MASK1 0x03
+#define Q6_K_MASK2 0x0C
+#define Q6_K_MASK3 0x30
+#define Q6_K_MASK4 0xC0
+
+#define QK_K       256
+
+inline float block_q_6_K_dot_y_flat(
+    global uchar * blk_ql,
+    global uchar * blk_qh,
+    global char  * blk_scales,
+    global half  * blk_d,
+    global float * yy,
+    int ib,
+    int ip,
+    int is,
+    int l0
+) {
+    int y_offset   = 128*ip + l0;
+    int q_offset_l =  64*ip + l0;
+    int q_offset_h =  32*ip + l0;
+
+    global uchar * q1 = blk_ql     + ib*128 + q_offset_l;
+    global uchar * q2 = q1         + QK_K/8;
+    global uchar * qh = blk_qh     + ib*64 + q_offset_h;
+    global char  * sc = blk_scales + ib*16 + is;
+
+    global float * y = yy + ib * QK_K + y_offset;
+
+    float dall = blk_d[ib];
+
+    float  sumf = 0;
+    float4 sums = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+
+    sums.s0 += y[0+ 0] * ((float)((q1[0] & 0xF) | ((qh[0] & Q6_K_MASK1) << 4)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s1 += y[0+32] * ((float)((q2[0] & 0xF) | ((qh[0] & Q6_K_MASK2) << 2)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s2 += y[0+64] * ((float)((q1[0]  >> 4) | ((qh[0] & Q6_K_MASK3) << 0)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s3 += y[0+96] * ((float)((q2[0]  >> 4) | ((qh[0] & Q6_K_MASK4) >> 2)) - 32.f);
+
+    sums.s0 += y[1+ 0] * ((float)((q1[1] & 0xF) | ((qh[1] & Q6_K_MASK1) << 4)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s1 += y[1+32] * ((float)((q2[1] & 0xF) | ((qh[1] & Q6_K_MASK2) << 2)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s2 += y[1+64] * ((float)((q1[1]  >> 4) | ((qh[1] & Q6_K_MASK3) << 0)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s3 += y[1+96] * ((float)((q2[1]  >> 4) | ((qh[1] & Q6_K_MASK4) >> 2)) - 32.f);
+
+    sums.s0 += y[2+ 0] * ((float)((q1[2] & 0xF) | ((qh[2] & Q6_K_MASK1) << 4)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s1 += y[2+32] * ((float)((q2[2] & 0xF) | ((qh[2] & Q6_K_MASK2) << 2)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s2 += y[2+64] * ((float)((q1[2]  >> 4) | ((qh[2] & Q6_K_MASK3) << 0)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s3 += y[2+96] * ((float)((q2[2]  >> 4) | ((qh[2] & Q6_K_MASK4) >> 2)) - 32.f);
+
+    sums.s0 += y[3+ 0] * ((float)((q1[3] & 0xF) | ((qh[3] & Q6_K_MASK1) << 4)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s1 += y[3+32] * ((float)((q2[3] & 0xF) | ((qh[3] & Q6_K_MASK2) << 2)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s2 += y[3+64] * ((float)((q1[3]  >> 4) | ((qh[3] & Q6_K_MASK3) << 0)) - 32.f);
+    sums.s3 += y[3+96] * ((float)((q2[3]  >> 4) | ((qh[3] & Q6_K_MASK4) >> 2)) - 32.f);
+
+    sumf += dall * (sums.s0 * sc[0] + sums.s1 * sc[2] + sums.s2 * sc[4] + sums.s3 * sc[6]);
+
+    return sumf;
+}
+
+#undef N_DST
+#undef N_SIMDGROUP
+#undef N_SIMDWIDTH
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_DST 4
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_DST 4
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+#define BLOCK_STRIDE (N_SIMDWIDTH/16) // number of blocks each subgroup processes
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_flat(
+        global uchar * src0_ql,
+        global uchar * src0_qh,
+        global char  * src0_s,
+        global half  * src0_d,
+        global float * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global float * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int r2,
+        int r3
+) {
+    src1 = (global float*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    int nb = ne00/QK_K;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+
+    int i12 = im%ne12;
+    int i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    int first_row = (N_SIMDGROUP * r0 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_DST;
+
+    ulong offset_src0    = first_row*nb + (i12/r2)*(nb*ne01) + (i13/r3)*(nb*ne01*ne02);
+    ulong offset_src0_ql = offset_src0 * 128;
+    ulong offset_src0_qh = offset_src0 * 64;
+    ulong offset_src0_s  = offset_src0 * 16;
+    ulong offset_src0_d  = offset_src0;
+
+    global uchar * blk_ql     = (global uchar *) src0_ql + offset_src0_ql;
+    global uchar * blk_qh     = (global uchar *) src0_qh + offset_src0_qh;
+    global char  * blk_scales = (global char  *) src0_s  + offset_src0_s;
+    global half  * blk_d      = (global half  *) src0_d  + offset_src0_d;
+    global float * yy         = (global float *) src1    + r1*ne10 + im*ne00*ne1;
+
+    int tid = get_sub_group_local_id()/BLOCK_STRIDE; // first block_stride groups have tid=0
+    int ix  = get_sub_group_local_id()%BLOCK_STRIDE; // first block is 0..block_stride-1
+    int ip  = tid/8;   // first or second half of (super) block (0 or 1)
+    int il  = tid%8;   // each half has 8 parts, one per scale
+    int n   = 4;       // 4 scales at a time (and 4 sums)
+    int l0  = n*il;    // offset into half-block, 0..28
+    int is  = 8*ip + l0/16; // 0, 1, 8, 9
+
+    float4 sumf = 0;
+
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += BLOCK_STRIDE) {
+        if (first_row + 0 < ne01) {
+            sumf.s0 += block_q_6_K_dot_y_flat(blk_ql + 0*nb*128, blk_qh + 0*nb*64, blk_scales + 0*nb*16, blk_d + 0*nb, yy, ib, ip, is, l0);
+        }
+        if (first_row + 1 < ne01) {
+            sumf.s1 += block_q_6_K_dot_y_flat(blk_ql + 1*nb*128, blk_qh + 1*nb*64, blk_scales + 1*nb*16, blk_d + 1*nb, yy, ib, ip, is, l0);
+        }
+        if (first_row + 2 < ne01) {
+            sumf.s2 += block_q_6_K_dot_y_flat(blk_ql + 2*nb*128, blk_qh + 2*nb*64, blk_scales + 2*nb*16, blk_d + 2*nb, yy, ib, ip, is, l0);
+        }
+        if (first_row + 3 < ne01) {
+            sumf.s3 += block_q_6_K_dot_y_flat(blk_ql + 3*nb*128, blk_qh + 3*nb*64, blk_scales + 3*nb*16, blk_d + 3*nb, yy, ib, ip, is, l0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float4 tot = (float4)(
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s0),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s1),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s2),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s3)
+    );
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        if (first_row + 0 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 0] = tot.s0;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 1 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 1] = tot.s1;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 2 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 2] = tot.s2;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 3 < ne01) {
+            dst[r1*ne0 + im*ne0*ne1 + first_row + 3] = tot.s3;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q8_0_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q8_0_f32.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e88c7494de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q8_0_f32.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK8_0 32
+typedef struct {
+    half d;       // delta
+    char qs[QK8_0]; // quants
+} block_q8_0;
+
+#define NB_Q8_0 8
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    int           ne01,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    ulong         nb03,
+    int           ne12,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb12,
+    ulong         nb13,
+    int           ne0,
+    int           ne1,
+    int           r2,
+    int           r3
+) {
+    src0 = (global char*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    int nb = ne00/QK8_0;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+
+    int first_row = (r0*N_SG_Q8_0 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_Q8_0;
+
+    uint i12 = im%ne12;
+    uint i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    ulong offset_src1 = r1*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
+    global float * y  = (global float *) (src1 + offset_src1);
+
+    // pointers to src0 rows
+    global block_q8_0 * ax[N_R0_Q8_0];
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_Q8_0; ++row) {
+        ulong offset_src0 = (first_row + row)*nb01 + (i12/r2)*nb02 + (i13/r3)*nb03;
+        ax[row] = (global block_q8_0 *) ((global char *) src0 + offset_src0);
+    }
+
+    float yl[NB_Q8_0];
+    float sumf[N_R0_Q8_0] = { 0.f };
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/4;
+    const short il = get_sub_group_local_id()%4;
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+
+    // each thread handles NB_Q8_0 quants at a time
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/4) {
+        for (short i = 0; i < NB_Q8_0; ++i) {
+            yl[i] = yb[i];
+        }
+
+        for (short row = 0; row < N_R0_Q8_0; row++) {
+            global char * qs = ax[row][ib].qs + il*NB_Q8_0;
+            float sumq = 0.f;
+            for (short iq = 0; iq < NB_Q8_0; ++iq) {
+                sumq += qs[iq] * yl[iq];
+            }
+            sumf[row] += sumq*ax[row][ib].d;
+        }
+
+        yb += N_SIMDWIDTH*NB_Q8_0;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst + (ulong)im*ne0*ne1 + (ulong)r1*ne0;
+
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_R0_Q8_0; ++row) {
+        float tot = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf[row]);
+
+        if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0 && first_row + row < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + row] = tot;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71d159fd521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_subgroups
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_subgroups : enable
+#else
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
+#define INTEL_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
+#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+#define ADRENO_GPU 1
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
+#endif
+
+#define QK8_0 32
+typedef struct {
+    half d;       // delta
+    char qs[QK8_0]; // quants
+} block_q8_0;
+
+#define NB_Q8_0 8
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4 // number of rows each subgroup works on
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2 // number of subgroups in a work group
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 16 // subgroup size
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+#define N_R0_Q8_0 4
+#define N_SG_Q8_0 2
+#define N_SIMDWIDTH 64
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_mul_mv_q8_0_f32_flat(
+    global char * src0_q,
+    global half * src0_d,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    int           ne01,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    ulong         nb03,
+    int           ne12,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb12,
+    ulong         nb13,
+    int           ne0,
+    int           ne1,
+    int           r2,
+    int           r3
+) {
+    src1 = (global char*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst  = (global char*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
+
+    int nb = ne00/QK8_0;
+
+    int r0 = get_group_id(0);
+    int r1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int im = get_group_id(2);
+
+    int first_row = (r0*N_SG_Q8_0 + get_sub_group_id()) * N_R0_Q8_0;
+
+    uint i12 = im%ne12;
+    uint i13 = im/ne12;
+
+    ulong offset_src1 = r1*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13;
+    global float * y  = (global float *) (src1 + offset_src1);
+
+    // pointers to src0 rows
+    uint offset_src0_base = first_row*nb01 + (i12/r2)*nb02 + (i13/r3)*nb03;
+
+    global char * ax0, * ax1, * ax2, * ax3;
+    global half * ad0, * ad1, * ad2, * ad3;
+    uint offset_src0;
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 0*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax0 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad0 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 1*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax1 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad1 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 2*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax2 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad2 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0_base + 3*nb01;
+    offset_src0 = offset_src0/34;
+    ax3 = (global char *) ((global char *) src0_q + offset_src0*sizeof(char)*QK8_0);
+    ad3 = (global half *) ((global char *) src0_d + offset_src0*sizeof(half));
+
+    const short ix = get_sub_group_local_id()/4;
+    const short il = get_sub_group_local_id()%4;
+
+    global float * yb = y + ix*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+
+    float8 yl;
+    float8 qv;
+    float4 sumf = 0.f;
+    float  sumq = 0.f;
+    global char * qs;
+
+    // each thread handles NB_Q8_0 quants at a time
+    for (int ib = ix; ib < nb; ib += N_SIMDWIDTH/4) {
+        yl = vload8(0, yb);
+
+        qs = ax0 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s0 += sumq*ad0[ib];
+
+        qs = ax1 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s1 += sumq*ad1[ib];
+
+        qs = ax2 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s2 += sumq*ad2[ib];
+
+        qs = ax3 + ib*sizeof(char)*QK8_0 + il*NB_Q8_0;
+        qv = convert_float8(vload8(0, qs));
+        sumq = 0;
+        sumq += qv.s0*yl.s0;
+        sumq += qv.s1*yl.s1;
+        sumq += qv.s2*yl.s2;
+        sumq += qv.s3*yl.s3;
+        sumq += qv.s4*yl.s4;
+        sumq += qv.s5*yl.s5;
+        sumq += qv.s6*yl.s6;
+        sumq += qv.s7*yl.s7;
+        sumf.s3 += sumq*ad3[ib];
+
+        yb += N_SIMDWIDTH*NB_Q8_0;
+    }
+
+    global float * dst_f32 = (global float *) dst + (ulong)im*ne0*ne1 + (ulong)r1*ne0;
+
+    float4 tot = (float4)(
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s0),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s1),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s2),
+        sub_group_reduce_add(sumf.s3)
+    );
+
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        if (first_row + 0 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 0] = tot.s0;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 1 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 1] = tot.s1;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 2 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 2] = tot.s2;
+        }
+        if (first_row + 3 < ne01) {
+            dst_f32[first_row + 3] = tot.s3;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/neg.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/neg.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a862d8bc585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/neg.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+kernel void kernel_neg_f32(
+        global const float * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       float * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd,
+        int                  n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = -src0[get_global_id(0)];
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_neg_f32_4(
+        global const float4 * src0,
+        ulong                 offset0,
+        global       float4 * dst,
+        ulong                 offsetd,
+        int                   n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = -src0[get_global_id(0)];
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_neg_f16(
+        global const half * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       half * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int                 n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global half*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = -src0[get_global_id(0)];
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_neg_f16_4(
+        global const half4 * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       half4 * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd,
+        int                  n
+) {
+    if (get_global_id(0) >= n) {
+        return;
+    }
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = -src0[get_global_id(0)];
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_neg_f32_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const float * x = (global const float *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       float * y = (global       float *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = -*x;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_neg_f16_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const half * x = (global const half *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       half * y = (global       half *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = -*x;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/norm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/norm.cl
index 43167ba4d22..170f822787b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/norm.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/norm.cl
@@ -79,3 +79,83 @@ kernel void kernel_norm(
         y[i00] = y[i00] * scale;
     }
 }
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// norm_mul_add
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_norm_mul_add(
+        global char * src0_ptr, ulong src0_offset,
+        global char * src1_ptr, ulong src1_offset,
+        global char * src2_ptr, ulong src2_offset,
+        global char * dst_ptr,  ulong dst_offset,
+        int ne00, int ne01, int ne02, int ne03,
+        ulong nb01, ulong nb02, ulong nb03,
+        int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
+        ulong nb11, ulong nb12, ulong nb13,
+        int ne20, int ne21, int ne22, int ne23,
+        ulong nb21, ulong nb22, ulong nb23,
+        ulong nbd1, ulong nbd2, ulong nbd3,
+        float eps,
+        local float2 * sums
+) {
+    const int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    global float4 * x = (global float4 *)(src0_ptr + src0_offset + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    global float4 * w = (global float4 *)(src1_ptr + src1_offset + (i01%ne11)*nb11 + (i02%ne12)*nb12 + (i03%ne13)*nb13);
+    global float4 * b = (global float4 *)(src2_ptr + src2_offset + (i01%ne21)*nb21 + (i02%ne22)*nb22 + (i03%ne23)*nb23);
+    global float4 * y = (global float4 *)(dst_ptr  + dst_offset  + i01*nbd1 + i02*nbd2 + i03*nbd3);
+
+    float p_sum = 0.0f;
+    float p_sum_sq = 0.0f;
+
+    const int n_chunks = ne00 / 4;
+    for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < n_chunks; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        float4 val = x[i00];
+        p_sum += val.x + val.y + val.z + val.w;
+        p_sum_sq += dot(val, val);
+    }
+
+    p_sum = sub_group_reduce_add(p_sum);
+    p_sum_sq = sub_group_reduce_add(p_sum_sq);
+
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        sums[get_sub_group_id()] = (float2)(p_sum, p_sum_sq);
+    }
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    if (get_local_id(0) == 0) {
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+        float sum_sq = 0.0f;
+        for (uint i = 0; i < get_num_sub_groups(); ++i) {
+            float2 s = sums[i];
+            sum += s.x;
+            sum_sq += s.y;
+        }
+
+        const float inv_ne00 = 1.0f / (float)ne00;
+        const float mean = sum * inv_ne00;
+        const float variance = mad(-mean, mean, sum_sq * inv_ne00);
+
+        sums[0] = (float2)(mean, rsqrt(variance + eps));
+    }
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    const float2 mean_scale = sums[0];
+    const float mean = mean_scale.x;
+    const float scale = mean_scale.y;
+    const float neg_mean_scale = -mean * scale;
+
+    for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < n_chunks; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const int w_idx = ne10 > 1 ? i00 : 0;
+        const int b_idx = ne20 > 1 ? i00 : 0;
+        const float4 norm_x = mad(x[i00], (float4)scale, (float4)neg_mean_scale);
+        y[i00] = mad(norm_x, w[w_idx], b[b_idx]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/pad.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/pad.cl
index 747fa7febcc..31fb7ccd3b0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/pad.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/pad.cl
@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
 kernel void kernel_pad(
-        global const void * src0_ptr,
-        ulong src0_offset,
-        global void * dst_ptr,
-        ulong dst_offset,
-        int s_ne0, int s_ne1, int s_ne2,
-        int d_ne0, int d_ne1, int d_ne2
+        global void * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global void * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00, int ne01, int ne02, int ne03,
+        ulong nb00, ulong nb01, ulong nb02, ulong nb03,
+        int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
+        ulong nb0, ulong nb1, ulong nb2, ulong nb3,
+        int lp0, int rp0,
+        int lp1, int rp1,
+        int lp2, int rp2,
+        int lp3, int rp3
 ) {
-    global const float * src0 = (global const float *)((global const char *)src0_ptr + src0_offset);
-    global float * dst = (global float *)((global char *)dst_ptr + dst_offset);
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst  + offsetd);
 
-    int nidx   = get_global_id(0);
-    int idx_d1 = get_group_id(1);
-    int idx_d2 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i0 = get_global_id(0);
+    int i1 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i2 = get_group_id(2) % ne2;
+    int i3 = get_group_id(2) / ne2;
 
-    if (nidx >= d_ne0) {
+    if (i0 >= ne0 || i1 >= ne1 || i2 >= ne2 || i3 >= ne3) {
         return;
     }
 
-    int dst_el_offset = nidx + idx_d1 * d_ne0 + idx_d2 * d_ne0 * d_ne1;
+    uint src0_idx = (i3 - lp3)*nb03 + (i2 - lp2)*nb02 + (i1 - lp1)*nb01 + (i0 - lp0)*nb00;
+    uint dst_idx  =         i3*nb3  +         i2*nb2  +         i1*nb1  +         i0*nb0;
 
-    bool in_src_bounds = (nidx < s_ne0) && (idx_d1 < s_ne1) && (idx_d2 < s_ne2);
+    global float * src0_ptr = (global float *)((global char *)src0 + src0_idx);
+    global float * dst_ptr  = (global float *)((global char *)dst  + dst_idx);
 
-    if (in_src_bounds) {
-        int src_el_offset = nidx + idx_d1 * s_ne0 + idx_d2 * s_ne0 * s_ne1;
-        dst[dst_el_offset] = src0[src_el_offset];
-    } else {
-        dst[dst_el_offset] = 0.0f;
-    }
+    bool in_src_bounds = (i0 >= lp0 && i0 < ne0 - rp0) &&
+                         (i1 >= lp1 && i1 < ne1 - rp1) &&
+                         (i2 >= lp2 && i2 < ne2 - rp2) &&
+                         (i3 >= lp3 && i3 < ne3 - rp3);
+
+    *dst_ptr = in_src_bounds ? *src0_ptr : 0.0f;
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/repeat.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/repeat.cl
index 079498f5ab9..53951a55434 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/repeat.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/repeat.cl
@@ -1,39 +1,38 @@
-kernel void kernel_repeat(
-    global const char * src0_data_in,
-    global       char * dst_data_in,
-    ulong src0_offset,
-    ulong dst_offset,
-    int src0_ne0, int src0_ne1, int src0_ne2, int src0_ne3,
-    ulong src0_nb0, ulong src0_nb1, ulong src0_nb2, ulong src0_nb3,
-    int dst_ne0, int dst_ne1, int dst_ne2, int dst_ne3,
-    ulong dst_nb0, ulong dst_nb1, ulong dst_nb2, ulong dst_nb3
+kernel void kernel_repeat_f32(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int     ne00,
+        int     ne01,
+        int     ne02,
+        int     ne03,
+        ulong   nb00,
+        ulong   nb01,
+        ulong   nb02,
+        ulong   nb03,
+        int     ne0,
+        ulong   nb0,
+        ulong   nb1,
+        ulong   nb2,
+        ulong   nb3
 ) {
-    global const char * src0_data = src0_data_in + src0_offset;
-    global       char * dst_data  = dst_data_in + dst_offset;
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
 
-    const int d3 = get_global_id(2);
-    const int d2 = get_global_id(1);
-    const int d1 = get_global_id(0);
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
 
-    if (d3 >= dst_ne3 || d2 >= dst_ne2 || d1 >= dst_ne1) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const int s3 = d3 % src0_ne3;
-    const int s2 = d2 % src0_ne2;
-    const int s1 = d1 % src0_ne1;
-
-    const global char * p_src0_slice = src0_data + (ulong)s3*src0_nb3 + (ulong)s2*src0_nb2 + (ulong)s1*src0_nb1;
-    global char * p_dst_slice  = dst_data  + (ulong)d3*dst_nb3 + (ulong)d2*dst_nb2 + (ulong)d1*dst_nb1;
+    const int i03 = i3%ne03;
+    const int i02 = i2%ne02;
+    const int i01 = i1%ne01;
 
-    for (int d0 = 0; d0 < dst_ne0; ++d0) {
-        // Determine source index for dimension 0 based on tiling/broadcasting.
-        const int s0 = d0 % src0_ne0;
+    global const char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01;
+    global       char * dst_ptr  = dst  +  i3*nb3  +  i2*nb2  +  i1*nb1;
 
-        const global char * restrict current_src_el_ptr = p_src0_slice + (ulong)s0*src0_nb0;
-        global char * restrict current_dst_el_ptr  = p_dst_slice  + (ulong)d0*dst_nb0;
-        for (int k = 0; k < src0_nb0; ++k) {
-            current_dst_el_ptr[k] = current_src_el_ptr[k];
-        }
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const int i00 = i0%ne00;
+        *((global float *)(dst_ptr + i0*nb0)) = *((global float *)(src0_ptr + i00*nb00));
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rms_norm.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rms_norm.cl
index 9d21f3398ec..4b18d17d6f8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rms_norm.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rms_norm.cl
@@ -94,3 +94,97 @@ kernel void kernel_rms_norm(
         }
     }
 }
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// rms_norm_mul
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#ifdef INTEL_GPU
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32
+#elif defined (ADRENO_GPU)
+REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
+#endif
+kernel void kernel_rms_norm_mul(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne00,
+        int ne01,
+        int ne02,
+        int ne03,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne11,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3,
+        float eps,
+        local float * sum
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    // The size of sum is sizeof(float)*subgroup_size.
+    // Each subgroup writes its partial sum to this array.
+    // So the number of subgroups per workgroup for this kernel cannot exceed the subgroup size.
+    // This is generally true -
+    // for subgroup size 64, workgroup size should be less than 4096 (the max is usually 1024).
+    if (get_sub_group_id() == 0) {
+        sum[get_sub_group_local_id()] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    global float4 * x = (global float4 *) (src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01);
+    global float4 * f = (global float4 *) (src1 + (i03%ne13)*nb13 + (i02%ne12)*nb12 + (i01%ne11)*nb11);
+
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    // parallel sum
+    for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00/4; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        sumf += dot(x[i00], x[i00]);
+    }
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    if (get_sub_group_local_id() == 0) {
+        sum[get_sub_group_id()] = sumf;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    //for (uint i = get_local_size(0) / get_max_sub_group_size() / 2; i > 0; i /= 2) {
+    //   if (get_local_id(0) < i) {
+    //       sum[get_local_id(0)] += sum[get_local_id(0) + i];
+    //   }
+    //}
+    //if (get_local_id(0) == 0) {
+    //    sum[0] /= ne00;
+    //}
+
+    //barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    sumf = sum[get_sub_group_local_id()];
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    float mean  = sumf / ne00;
+    float scale = 1.0f/sqrt(mean + eps);
+
+    global float4 * y = (global float4 *) (dst + i03*nb3 + i02*nb2 + i01*nb1);
+    for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00/4; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        y[i00] = (x[i00] * scale) * f[i00%(ne10/4)];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rope.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rope.cl
index 0247730c036..82f4cd87407 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rope.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/rope.cl
@@ -392,7 +392,8 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_multi_f32(
         float attn_factor,
         float beta_fast,
         float beta_slow,
-        int4 sections
+        int4 sections,
+        int  is_imrope
 ) {
     src0 = (global void*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
     src1 = (global int*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
@@ -419,17 +420,29 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_multi_f32(
             const int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
             float theta_base = 0.0f;
 
-            if (sector < sections.s0) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2];
-            }
-            else if (sector >= sections.s0 && sector < sec_w) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 1];
-            }
-            else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.s2) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
-            }
-            else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.s2) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
+            if (is_imrope) {
+                if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * sections.s1) { // h
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 1];
+                } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * sections.s2) { // w
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 2];
+                } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * sections.s0) { // t
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 0];
+                } else { // e
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 3];
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (sector < sections.s0) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2];
+                }
+                else if (sector >= sections.s0 && sector < sec_w) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 1];
+                }
+                else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.s2) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
+                }
+                else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.s2) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
+                }
             }
 
             const float theta = theta_base * pow(freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
@@ -490,7 +503,8 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_multi_f16(
         float attn_factor,
         float beta_fast,
         float beta_slow,
-        int4 sections
+        int4 sections,
+        int  is_imrope
 ) {
     src0 = (global void*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
     src1 = (global int*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
@@ -517,17 +531,29 @@ kernel void kernel_rope_multi_f16(
             const int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
             float theta_base = 0.0f;
 
-            if (sector < sections.s0) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2];
-            }
-            else if (sector >= sections.s0 && sector < sec_w) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 1];
-            }
-            else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.s2) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
-            }
-            else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.s2) {
-                theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
+            if (is_imrope) {
+                if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * sections.s1) { // h
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 1];
+                } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * sections.s2) { // w
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 2];
+                } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * sections.s0) { // t
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 0];
+                } else { // e
+                    theta_base = (float) pos[i2 + ne02 * 3];
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (sector < sections.s0) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2];
+                }
+                else if (sector >= sections.s0 && sector < sec_w) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 1];
+                }
+                else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.s2) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 2];
+                }
+                else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.s2) {
+                    theta_base = pos[i2 + ne2 * 3];
+                }
             }
 
             const float theta = theta_base * pow(freq_base, inv_ndims*i0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/scale.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/scale.cl
index 8cfd518fa5a..17ed97f0d66 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/scale.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/scale.cl
@@ -1,16 +1,27 @@
 #pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
 
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// scale
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-kernel void kernel_scale(
+kernel void kernel_scale_f32(
+        global float * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global float * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        float scale,
+        float bias
+) {
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = src0[get_global_id(0)] * scale + bias;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_scale_f32_4(
         global float4 * src0,
         ulong offset0,
         global float4 * dst,
         ulong offsetd,
-        float scale
+        float scale,
+        float bias
 ) {
     src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
     dst = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
-    dst[get_global_id(0)] = src0[get_global_id(0)] * scale;
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = src0[get_global_id(0)] * scale + bias;
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/set_rows.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/set_rows.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc3ff7aa1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/set_rows.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+// v = { mp, L, d }
+inline uint fastdiv(uint n, uint4 v) {
+    uint msbs;
+    msbs = mul_hi(n, v.s0);
+    return (msbs + n) >> v.s1;
+}
+inline uint fastmod(uint n, uint4 v) {
+    uint q = fastdiv(n, v);
+    return n - q * v.s2;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_set_rows_f32_i64(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong         offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong         offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong         offsetd,
+        int           ne01,
+        ulong         nb01,
+        ulong         nb02,
+        ulong         nb03,
+        uint4         ne11,
+        uint4         ne12,
+        ulong         nb10,
+        ulong         nb11,
+        ulong         nb12,
+        int           nblk0,
+        ulong         nb1,
+        ulong         nb2,
+        ulong         nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0)*get_local_size(1) + get_local_id(1);
+
+    if (i01 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //int i12 = i03%ne12;
+    //int i11 = i02%ne11;
+    int i12 = fastmod(i03, ne12);
+    int i11 = fastmod(i02, ne11);
+
+    int i10 = i01;
+    long i1 = ((global long *)(src1 + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12))[0];
+
+    global float * dst_row = (global float *) (dst  +  i1*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3);
+    global float * src_row = (global float *) (src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+
+    for (int ind = get_local_id(0); ind < nblk0; ind += get_local_size(0)) {
+        dst_row[ind] = (float)src_row[ind];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_set_rows_f16_i64(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong         offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong         offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong         offsetd,
+        int           ne01,
+        ulong         nb01,
+        ulong         nb02,
+        ulong         nb03,
+        uint4         ne11,
+        uint4         ne12,
+        ulong         nb10,
+        ulong         nb11,
+        ulong         nb12,
+        int           nblk0,
+        ulong         nb1,
+        ulong         nb2,
+        ulong         nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0)*get_local_size(1) + get_local_id(1);
+
+    if (i01 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //int i12 = i03%ne12;
+    //int i11 = i02%ne11;
+    int i12 = fastmod(i03, ne12);
+    int i11 = fastmod(i02, ne11);
+
+    int i10 = i01;
+    long i1 = ((global long *)(src1 + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12))[0];
+
+    global half  * dst_row = (global half  *) (dst  +  i1*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3);
+    global float * src_row = (global float *) (src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+
+    for (int ind = get_local_id(0); ind < nblk0; ind += get_local_size(0)) {
+        dst_row[ind] = src_row[ind];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_set_rows_f32_i32(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong         offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong         offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong         offsetd,
+        int           ne01,
+        ulong         nb01,
+        ulong         nb02,
+        ulong         nb03,
+        uint4         ne11,
+        uint4         ne12,
+        ulong         nb10,
+        ulong         nb11,
+        ulong         nb12,
+        int           nblk0,
+        ulong         nb1,
+        ulong         nb2,
+        ulong         nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0)*get_local_size(1) + get_local_id(1);
+
+    if (i01 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //int i12 = i03%ne12;
+    //int i11 = i02%ne11;
+    int i12 = fastmod(i03, ne12);
+    int i11 = fastmod(i02, ne11);
+
+    int i10 = i01;
+    int i1  = ((global int *)(src1 + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12))[0];
+
+    global float * dst_row = (global float *) (dst  +  i1*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3);
+    global float * src_row = (global float *) (src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+
+    for (int ind = get_local_id(0); ind < nblk0; ind += get_local_size(0)) {
+        dst_row[ind] = (float)src_row[ind];
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_set_rows_f16_i32(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong         offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong         offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong         offsetd,
+        int           ne01,
+        ulong         nb01,
+        ulong         nb02,
+        ulong         nb03,
+        uint4         ne11,
+        uint4         ne12,
+        ulong         nb10,
+        ulong         nb11,
+        ulong         nb12,
+        int           nblk0,
+        ulong         nb1,
+        ulong         nb2,
+        ulong         nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0)*get_local_size(1) + get_local_id(1);
+
+    if (i01 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //int i12 = i03%ne12;
+    //int i11 = i02%ne11;
+    int i12 = fastmod(i03, ne12);
+    int i11 = fastmod(i02, ne11);
+
+    int i10 = i01;
+    int i1  = ((global int *)(src1 + i10*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12))[0];
+
+    global half  * dst_row = (global half  *) (dst  +  i1*nb1  + i02*nb2  + i03*nb3);
+    global float * src_row = (global float *) (src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+
+    for (int ind = get_local_id(0); ind < nblk0; ind += get_local_size(0)) {
+        dst_row[ind] = src_row[ind];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f16.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f16.cl
index 62c05369a87..571d16507c6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f16.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f16.cl
@@ -22,32 +22,49 @@
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
 #endif
 kernel void kernel_soft_max_4_f16(
-        global float * src0,
+        global char * src0,
         ulong offset0,
-        global half * src1,
+        global char * src1,
         ulong offset1,
-        global float * dst,
+        global char * src2,
+        ulong offset2,
+        global char * dst,
         ulong offsetd,
         int ne00,
-        int ne01,
-        int ne02,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3,
         float scale,
         float max_bias,
         float m0,
         float m1,
         int n_head_log2
 ) {
-    src0 = (global float *)((global char *)src0 + offset0);
-    src1 = (global half *)((global char *)src1 + offset1);
-    dst = (global float *)((global char *)dst + offsetd);
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    src2 = src2 + offset2;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
 
     int i03 = get_group_id(2);
     int i02 = get_group_id(1);
     int i01 = get_group_id(0);
 
-    global float4 * psrc4 = (global float4 *)(src0 + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00);
-    global half4  * pmask = (global char *)src1 != (global char *)src0 ? (global half4 *)(src1 + i01*ne00) : 0;
-    global float4 * pdst4 = (global float4 *)(dst  + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00);
+    int i13 = i03%ne13;
+    int i12 = i02%ne12;
+    int i11 = i01;
+
+    global float4 * psrc4 = (global float4 *)(src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    global half4  * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (global half4 *)(src1 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13) : 0;
+    global float  * psrc2 = src2 != src0 ? (global float *)(src2) : 0;
+    global float4 * pdst4 = (global float4 *)(dst  + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
 
     float slope = 1.0f;
 
@@ -62,7 +79,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4_f16(
     }
 
     // parallel max
-    float4 lmax4 = -INFINITY;
+    float4 lmax4 = psrc2 ? psrc2[i02] : -INFINITY;
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00/4; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         lmax4 = fmax(lmax4, psrc4[i00]*scale + slope*(pmask ? convert_float4(pmask[i00]) : 0.0f));
     }
@@ -79,7 +96,11 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4_f16(
     }
     float lsum = lsum4.s0 + lsum4.s1 + lsum4.s2 + lsum4.s3;
 
-    const float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+    float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+
+    if (psrc2) {
+        sum += exp(psrc2[i02] - max);
+    }
 
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00/4; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         pdst4[i00] /= sum;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f32.cl
index d562774eaba..1f944b2201d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f32.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_4_f32.cl
@@ -22,32 +22,49 @@
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
 #endif
 kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
-        global float * src0,
+        global char * src0,
         ulong offset0,
-        global float * src1,
+        global char * src1,
         ulong offset1,
-        global float * dst,
+        global char * src2,
+        ulong offset2,
+        global char * dst,
         ulong offsetd,
         int ne00,
-        int ne01,
-        int ne02,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3,
         float scale,
         float max_bias,
         float m0,
         float m1,
         int n_head_log2
 ) {
-    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
-    src1 = (global float*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
-    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    src2 = src2 + offset2;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
 
     int i03 = get_group_id(2);
     int i02 = get_group_id(1);
     int i01 = get_group_id(0);
 
-    global float4 * psrc4 = (global float4 *)(src0 + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00);
-    global float4 * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (global float4 *)(src1 + i01*ne00) : 0;
-    global float4 * pdst4 = (global float4 *)(dst  + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00);
+    int i13 = i03%ne13;
+    int i12 = i02%ne12;
+    int i11 = i01;
+
+    global float4 * psrc4 = (global float4 *)(src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    global float4 * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (global float4 *)(src1 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13) : 0;
+    global float  * psrc2 = src2 != src0 ? (global float  *)(src2) : 0;
+    global float4 * pdst4 = (global float4 *)(dst  + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
 
     float slope = 1.0f;
 
@@ -62,7 +79,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
     }
 
     // parallel max
-    float4 lmax4 = -INFINITY;
+    float4 lmax4 = psrc2 ? psrc2[i02] : -INFINITY;
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00/4; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         lmax4 = fmax(lmax4, psrc4[i00]*scale + (pmask ? slope*pmask[i00] : 0.0f));
     }
@@ -79,7 +96,11 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_4(
     }
     float lsum = lsum4.s0 + lsum4.s1 + lsum4.s2 + lsum4.s3;
 
-    const float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+    float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+
+    if (psrc2) {
+        sum += exp(psrc2[i02] - max);
+    }
 
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00/4; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         pdst4[i00] /= sum;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f16.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f16.cl
index d38d099671e..4baa6c28e4f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f16.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f16.cl
@@ -22,32 +22,49 @@
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
 #endif
 kernel void kernel_soft_max_f16(
-        global float * src0,
+        global char * src0,
         ulong offset0,
-        global half * src1,
+        global char * src1,
         ulong offset1,
-        global float * dst,
+        global char * src2,
+        ulong offset2,
+        global char * dst,
         ulong offsetd,
         int ne00,
-        int ne01,
-        int ne02,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3,
         float scale,
         float max_bias,
         float m0,
         float m1,
         int n_head_log2
 ) {
-    src0 = (global float *)((global char *)src0 + offset0);
-    src1 = (global half *)((global char *)src1 + offset1);
-    dst = (global float *)((global char *)dst + offsetd);
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    src2 = src2 + offset2;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
 
     int i03 = get_group_id(2);
     int i02 = get_group_id(1);
     int i01 = get_group_id(0);
 
-    global float * psrc0 = src0 + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00;
-    global half  * pmask = (global char *)src1 != (global char *)src0 ? src1 + i01*ne00 : 0;
-    global float * pdst  = dst  + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00;
+    int i13 = i03%ne13;
+    int i12 = i02%ne12;
+    int i11 = i01;
+
+    global float * psrc0 = (global float *)(src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    global half  * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (global half *)(src1 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13) : 0;
+    global float * psrc2 = src2 != src0 ? (global float *)(src2) : 0;
+    global float * pdst  = (global float *)(dst  + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
 
     float slope = 1.0f;
 
@@ -62,7 +79,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_f16(
     }
 
     // parallel max
-    float lmax = -INFINITY;
+    float lmax = psrc2 ? psrc2[i02] : -INFINITY;
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         lmax = fmax(lmax, psrc0[i00]*scale + (pmask ? slope*pmask[i00] : 0.0f));
     }
@@ -78,7 +95,11 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max_f16(
         pdst[i00] = exp_psrc0;
     }
 
-    const float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+    float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+
+    if (psrc2) {
+        sum += exp(psrc2[i02] - max);
+    }
 
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         pdst[i00] /= sum;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f32.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f32.cl
index 001b587abe3..d503190b476 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f32.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softmax_f32.cl
@@ -22,32 +22,49 @@
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
 #endif
 kernel void kernel_soft_max(
-        global float * src0,
+        global char * src0,
         ulong offset0,
-        global float * src1,
+        global char * src1,
         ulong offset1,
-        global float * dst,
+        global char * src2,
+        ulong offset2,
+        global char * dst,
         ulong offsetd,
         int ne00,
-        int ne01,
-        int ne02,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3,
         float scale,
         float max_bias,
         float m0,
         float m1,
         int n_head_log2
 ) {
-    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
-    src1 = (global float*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
-    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    src2 = src2 + offset2;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
 
     int i03 = get_group_id(2);
     int i02 = get_group_id(1);
     int i01 = get_group_id(0);
 
-    global float * psrc0 = src0 + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00;
-    global float * pmask = src1 != src0 ? src1 + i01*ne00 : 0;
-    global float * pdst  = dst  + i03*ne02*ne01*ne00 + i02*ne01*ne00 + i01*ne00;
+    int i13 = i03%ne13;
+    int i12 = i02%ne12;
+    int i11 = i01;
+
+    global float * psrc0 = (global float *)(src0 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+    global float * pmask = src1 != src0 ? (global float *)(src1 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13) : 0;
+    global float * psrc2 = src2 != src0 ? (global float *)(src2) : 0;
+    global float * pdst  = (global float *)(dst  + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
 
     float slope = 1.0f;
 
@@ -62,7 +79,7 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max(
     }
 
     // parallel max
-    float lmax = -INFINITY;
+    float lmax = psrc2 ? psrc2[i02] : -INFINITY;
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         lmax = fmax(lmax, psrc0[i00]*scale + (pmask ? slope*pmask[i00] : 0.0f));
     }
@@ -78,7 +95,11 @@ kernel void kernel_soft_max(
         pdst[i00] = exp_psrc0;
     }
 
-    const float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+    float sum = sub_group_reduce_add(lsum);
+
+    if (psrc2) {
+        sum += exp(psrc2[i02] - max);
+    }
 
     for (int i00 = get_local_id(0); i00 < ne00; i00 += get_local_size(0)) {
         pdst[i00] /= sum;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softplus.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softplus.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f8b7474165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/softplus.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// softplus
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+kernel void kernel_softplus_f32(
+        global const float * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       float * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = (src0[get_global_id(0)] > 20.0f) ? src0[get_global_id(0)] : log(1.0f + exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]));
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_softplus_f32_4(
+        global const float4 * src0,
+        ulong                 offset0,
+        global       float4 * dst,
+        ulong                 offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = (src0[get_global_id(0)] > 20.0f) ? src0[get_global_id(0)] : log(1.0f + exp(src0[get_global_id(0)]));
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_softplus_f16(
+        global const half * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       half * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    const float x = convert_float(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = convert_half_rte((x > 20.0f) ? x : log(1.0f + exp(x)));
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_softplus_f16_4(
+        global const half4 * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       half4 * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    const float4 x = convert_float4(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = convert_half4_rte((x > 20.0f) ? x : log(1.0f + exp(x)));
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_softplus_f32_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const float * x = (global const float *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       float * y = (global       float *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        *y = (*x > 20.0f) ? *x : log(1.0f + exp(*x));
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_softplus_f16_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const half * hx = (global const half *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       half * hy = (global       half *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+        const float x = convert_float(*hx);
+        *hy = convert_half_rte((x > 20.0f) ? x : log(1.0f + exp(x)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/solve_tri.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/solve_tri.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..80745fc7045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/solve_tri.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// solve_tri
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+kernel void kernel_solve_tri_f32(
+        global uchar * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global uchar * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global uchar * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int n,
+        int k,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb10,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    int col = get_global_id(0);
+    int i2 = get_global_id(1);
+    int i3 = get_global_id(2);
+
+    global const uchar * Lb = src0 + offset0 + i2 * nb02 + i3 * nb03;
+    global const uchar * Bb = src1 + offset1 + i2 * nb12 + i3 * nb13;
+    global       uchar * Xb = dst + offsetd + i2 * nb2 + i3 * nb3;
+
+    for(int row = 0; row < n; ++row){
+        global const float *pB = (global const float *)(Bb + row * nb11 + col * nb10);
+
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+        for(int j = 0; j < row; ++j){
+            global const float *pL = (global const float *)(Lb + row * nb01 + j * nb00);
+            global const float *pX = (global const float *)(Xb + j * nb1 + col * nb0);
+            sum += (*pL) * (*pX);
+        }
+
+        global const float * pDiag = (global const float *)(Lb + row * nb01 + row *nb00);
+        global float * pOut = (global float *)(Xb + row * nb1 + col *nb0);
+
+        *pOut = ((* pB) - sum) / (*pDiag);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sqr.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sqr.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4310906f6e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sqr.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+kernel void kernel_sqr_cont_f32(
+    global float * src0,
+    ulong          offset0,
+    global float * dst,
+    ulong          offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = src0[gid] * src0[gid];
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sqr_cont_f32_4(
+    global float4 * src0,
+    ulong           offset0,
+    global float4 * dst,
+    ulong           offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = src0[gid] * src0[gid];
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sqr_cont_f16(
+    global half * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global half * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = src0[gid] * src0[gid];
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sqr_cont_f16_4(
+    global half4 * src0,
+    ulong          offset0,
+    global half4 * dst,
+    ulong          offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = src0[gid] * src0[gid];
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sqrt.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sqrt.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c59fbe06a61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sqrt.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+kernel void kernel_sqrt_cont_f32(
+    global float * src0,
+    ulong          offset0,
+    global float * dst,
+    ulong          offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = sqrt(src0[gid]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sqrt_cont_f32_4(
+    global float4 * src0,
+    ulong           offset0,
+    global float4 * dst,
+    ulong           offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = sqrt(src0[gid]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sqrt_cont_f16(
+    global half * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global half * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = convert_half(sqrt(convert_float(src0[gid])));
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sqrt_cont_f16_4(
+    global half4 * src0,
+    ulong          offset0,
+    global half4 * dst,
+    ulong          offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    dst[gid] = convert_half4(sqrt(convert_float4(src0[gid])));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/ssm_conv.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/ssm_conv.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ae21ac7396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/ssm_conv.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+kernel void kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    ulong         nb00,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    int           ne10,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb0,
+    ulong         nb1,
+    ulong         nb2
+){
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    int ir = get_global_id(0);
+    int i2 = get_global_id(1);
+    int i3 = get_global_id(2);
+
+    int nc  = ne10;
+
+    global float * s = (global float *) (src0 + ir*nb01 + i2*nb00 + i3*nb02);
+    global float * c = (global float *) (src1 + ir*nb11);
+    global float * d = (global float *) (dst  + ir*nb0  + i2*nb1  + i3*nb2);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
+        sumf += s[i0] * c[i0];
+    }
+
+    d[0] = sumf;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_ssm_conv_f32_f32_4(
+    global char * src0,
+    ulong         offset0,
+    global char * src1,
+    ulong         offset1,
+    global char * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    ulong         nb00,
+    ulong         nb01,
+    ulong         nb02,
+    int           ne10,
+    ulong         nb11,
+    ulong         nb0,
+    ulong         nb1,
+    ulong         nb2
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    int ir = get_global_id(0);
+    int i2 = get_global_id(1);
+    int i3 = get_global_id(2);
+
+    int nc = ne10;
+
+    global float4 * s = (global float4 *) (src0 + ir*nb01 + i2*nb00 + i3*nb02);
+    global float4 * c = (global float4 *) (src1 + ir*nb11);
+    global float  * d = (global float  *) (dst  + ir*nb0  + i2*nb1  + i3*nb2);
+
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nc/4; ++i0) {
+        sumf += dot(s[i0], c[i0]);
+    }
+
+    d[0] = sumf;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sub.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sub.cl
index 041e88ad3a0..423ed595ca8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sub.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sub.cl
@@ -70,3 +70,69 @@ kernel void kernel_sub_row(
     uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
     dst[gid] = src0[gid] - src1[idx1];
 }
+
+kernel void kernel_sub_f16(
+        global char * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global char * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global char * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        int ne10,
+        int ne11,
+        int ne12,
+        int ne13,
+        ulong nb10,
+        ulong nb11,
+        ulong nb12,
+        ulong nb13,
+        int ne0,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    src1 = src1 + offset1;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    int i03 = get_group_id(2);
+    int i02 = get_group_id(1);
+    int i01 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    int i13 = i03 % ne13;
+    int i12 = i02 % ne12;
+    int i11 = i01 % ne11;
+
+    global char * src0_ptr = src0 + i03*nb03 + i02*nb02 + i01*nb01;
+    global char * src1_ptr = src1 + i13*nb13 + i12*nb12 + i11*nb11;
+    global char * dst_ptr  = dst  + i03*nb3  + i02*nb2  + i01*nb1;
+
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne0; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
+        *((global half *)(dst_ptr + i0*nb0)) = *((global half *)(src0_ptr + i0*nb00)) - *((global half *)(src1_ptr + i10*nb10));
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sub_row_f16(
+        global half4 * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global half4 * src1,
+        ulong offset1,
+        global half4 * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int ne
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    src1 = (global half4*)((global char*)src1 + offset1);
+    dst = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    // This performs better than using %.
+    uint gid = get_global_id(0);
+    uint idx1 = gid - (gid/ne)*ne; // get_global_id(0) % ne
+    dst[gid] = src0[gid] - src1[idx1];
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sum_rows.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sum_rows.cl
index c5f7c570f95..84630aa8a30 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sum_rows.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/sum_rows.cl
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
 
+// Most devices have max workgroup size of 1024, so this is enough for subgroup
+// sizes of 16, 32, 64 and 128. Increase this value for smaller subgroups sizes
+#define MAX_SUBGROUPS 64
 kernel void kernel_sum_rows_f32(
-    global float *  src0,
+    global char *  src0,
     ulong           offset0,
-    global float *  dst,
+    global char *  dst,
     ulong           offsetd,
     int             ne00,
     int             ne01,
@@ -15,25 +20,121 @@ kernel void kernel_sum_rows_f32(
     ulong           nb2,
     ulong           nb3
 ) {
-    src0 = (global float *)((global char *)src0 + offset0);
-    dst  = (global float *)((global char *)dst  + offsetd);
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
 
-    int i3 = get_global_id(2);
-    int i2 = get_global_id(1);
-    int i1 = get_global_id(0);
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    const int lid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int lsize = get_local_size(0);
+
+    const uint sg_size = get_sub_group_size();
+    const uint sg_id = get_sub_group_id();
+    const uint sg_lid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    __local float lmem[MAX_SUBGROUPS];
 
     if (i3 >= ne03 || i2 >= ne02 || i1 >= ne01) {
         return;
     }
 
-    global float * src_row = (global float *) ((global char *) src0 + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
-    global float * dst_row = (global float *) ((global char *) dst  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
+    if(sg_id == 0){
+        lmem[sg_lid] = 0.0f;
+    }
 
-    float row_sum = 0;
+    global float * src_row = (global float *) (src0 + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
+    global float * dst_row = (global float *) (dst  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
 
-    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < ne00; i0++) {
-        row_sum += src_row[i0];
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i0 = lid; i0 < ne00; i0 += lsize) {
+        sumf += src_row[i0];
     }
 
-    dst_row[0] = row_sum;
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    if(sg_lid == 0){
+        lmem[sg_id] = sumf;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    sumf = lmem[sg_lid];
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    if (lid == 0) {
+        dst_row[0] = sumf;
+    }
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_sum_rows_f32_4(
+    global char *  src0,
+    ulong           offset0,
+    global char *  dst,
+    ulong           offsetd,
+    int             ne00,
+    int             ne01,
+    int             ne02,
+    int             ne03,
+    ulong           nb01,
+    ulong           nb02,
+    ulong           nb03,
+    ulong           nb1,
+    ulong           nb2,
+    ulong           nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst  + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
+
+    const int lid = get_local_id(0);
+    const int lsize = get_local_size(0);
+
+    const uint sg_size = get_sub_group_size();
+    const uint sg_id = get_sub_group_id();
+    const uint sg_lid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    __local float lmem[MAX_SUBGROUPS];
+
+    if (i3 >= ne03 || i2 >= ne02 || i1 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(sg_id == 0){
+        lmem[sg_lid] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    global float4 * src_row = (global float4 *) (src0 + i1*nb01 + i2*nb02 + i3*nb03);
+    global float  * dst_row = (global float  *) (dst  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3);
+
+    float4 sum_vec = (float4)0.0f;
+
+    for (int i0 = lid; i0 < ne00 / 4; i0 += lsize) {
+        sum_vec += src_row[i0];
+    }
+
+    float sumf = dot(sum_vec, (float4)(1.0f));
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    if(sg_lid == 0){
+        lmem[sg_id] = sumf;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    sumf = lmem[sg_lid];
+    sumf = sub_group_reduce_add(sumf);
+
+    if (lid == 0) {
+        dst_row[0] = sumf;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tanh.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tanh.cl
index d9da86b1489..2c4887ad3e0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tanh.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tanh.cl
@@ -1,63 +1,109 @@
 #pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
 
-#ifdef cl_intel_required_subgroup_size
-#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_intel_required_subgroup_size : enable
-#define INTEL_GPU 1
-#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_16 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(16)))
-#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_32 __attribute__((intel_reqd_sub_group_size(32)))
-#elif defined(cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size)
-#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
-#define ADRENO_GPU 1
-#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64  __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
-#define REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128 __attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("full")))
-#endif
-
-kernel void kernel_tanh_f32_nd(
-    global void * p_src0_base, ulong off_src0_abs,
-    global void * p_dst_base,  ulong off_dst_abs,
-    int ne00, int ne01, int ne02, int ne03,
-    ulong nb00, ulong nb01, ulong nb02, ulong nb03,
-    int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
-    ulong nb10, ulong nb11, ulong nb12, ulong nb13
+kernel void kernel_tanh_f32(
+        global const float * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       float * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd
 ) {
-    int i0 = get_global_id(0);
-    int i1 = get_global_id(1);
-    int i2 = get_global_id(2);
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
 
-    if (i0 < ne10 && i1 < ne11 && i2 < ne12) {
-        for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne13; ++i3) {
-            ulong src_offset_in_tensor = (ulong)i0*nb00 + (ulong)i1*nb01 + (ulong)i2*nb02 + (ulong)i3*nb03;
-            global const float *src_val_ptr = (global const float *)((global char *)p_src0_base + off_src0_abs + src_offset_in_tensor);
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = tanh(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_tanh_f32_4(
+        global const float4 * src0,
+        ulong                 offset0,
+        global       float4 * dst,
+        ulong                 offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global float4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global float4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = tanh(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_tanh_f16(
+        global const half * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       half * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = tanh(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_tanh_f16_4(
+        global const half4 * src0,
+        ulong                offset0,
+        global       half4 * dst,
+        ulong                offsetd
+) {
+    src0 = (global half4*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst  = (global half4*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    dst[get_global_id(0)] = tanh(src0[get_global_id(0)]);
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_tanh_f32_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
+) {
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
+
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
 
-            ulong dst_offset_in_tensor = (ulong)i0*nb10 + (ulong)i1*nb11 + (ulong)i2*nb12 + (ulong)i3*nb13;
-            global float *dst_val_ptr = (global float *)((global char *)p_dst_base + off_dst_abs + dst_offset_in_tensor);
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const float * x = (global const float *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       float * y = (global       float *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
 
-            *dst_val_ptr = tanh(*src_val_ptr);
-        }
+        *y = tanh(*x);
     }
 }
 
-kernel void kernel_tanh_f16_nd(
-    global void * p_src0_base, ulong off_src0_abs,
-    global void * p_dst_base,  ulong off_dst_abs,
-    int ne00, int ne01, int ne02, int ne03,
-    ulong nb00, ulong nb01, ulong nb02, ulong nb03,
-    int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
-    ulong nb10, ulong nb11, ulong nb12, ulong nb13
+kernel void kernel_tanh_f16_nc(
+        global const char * src0,
+        ulong               offset0,
+        global       char * dst,
+        ulong               offsetd,
+        int   ne00,
+        ulong nb00,
+        ulong nb01,
+        ulong nb02,
+        ulong nb03,
+        ulong nb0,
+        ulong nb1,
+        ulong nb2,
+        ulong nb3
 ) {
-    int i0 = get_global_id(0);
-    int i1 = get_global_id(1);
-    int i2 = get_global_id(2);
+    src0 = src0 + offset0;
+    dst  = dst + offsetd;
 
-    if (i0 < ne10 && i1 < ne11 && i2 < ne12) {
-        for (int i3 = 0; i3 < ne13; ++i3) {
-            ulong src_offset_in_tensor = (ulong)i0*nb00 + (ulong)i1*nb01 + (ulong)i2*nb02 + (ulong)i3*nb03;
-            global const half *src_val_ptr = (global const half *)((global char *)p_src0_base + off_src0_abs + src_offset_in_tensor);
+    const int i3 = get_group_id(2);
+    const int i2 = get_group_id(1);
+    const int i1 = get_group_id(0);
 
-            ulong dst_offset_in_tensor = (ulong)i0*nb10 + (ulong)i1*nb11 + (ulong)i2*nb12 + (ulong)i3*nb13;
-            global half *dst_val_ptr = (global half *)((global char *)p_dst_base + off_dst_abs + dst_offset_in_tensor);
+    for (int i0 = get_local_id(0); i0 < ne00; i0 += get_local_size(0)) {
+        global const half * x = (global const half *)(src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+        global       half * y = (global       half *)(dst  + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
 
-            *dst_val_ptr = tanh(*src_val_ptr);
-        }
+        *y = tanh(*x);
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/transpose.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/transpose.cl
index a11490b304c..ad89bdcbdec 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/transpose.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/transpose.cl
@@ -24,6 +24,65 @@ kernel void kernel_transpose_16(
     write_imageh(output, (i_2+3)*rows+j, (half4)(temp0.s3, temp1.s3, temp2.s3, temp3.s3));
 }
 
+// Padded kernel for irregular shape
+kernel void kernel_transpose_16_4x1(
+    __read_only image1d_buffer_t input,
+    __write_only image1d_buffer_t output,
+    const uint rows,
+    const uint cols
+) {
+
+    const int i = get_global_id(0);
+    const int j = get_global_id(1);
+    const int j_2 = j << 2;
+
+    half temp0 = read_imageh(input, (j_2 + 0) * cols + i).x;
+    half temp1 = read_imageh(input, (j_2 + 1) * cols + i).x;
+    half temp2 = read_imageh(input, (j_2 + 2) * cols + i).x;
+    half temp3 = read_imageh(input, (j_2 + 3) * cols + i).x;
+
+    write_imageh(output, i * rows + j, (half4)(temp0, temp1, temp2, temp3));
+}
+
+// Transpose treating each element as 8-bit using buffer
+kernel void kernel_transpose_8_buf(
+    global const uchar * input,
+    global uchar * output,
+    const int ldi,
+    const int ldo
+) {
+    const int x = get_global_id(0);
+    const int y = get_global_id(1);
+
+    output[x*ldo + y] = input[y*ldi + x];
+}
+
+// Transpose treating each element as 16-bit using buffer
+kernel void kernel_transpose_16_buf(
+    global const ushort * input,
+    global ushort * output,
+    const int ldi,
+    const int ldo
+) {
+    const int x = get_global_id(0);
+    const int y = get_global_id(1);
+
+    output[x*ldo + y] = input[y*ldi + x];
+}
+
+// Transpose treating each element as 32-bit using buffer
+kernel void kernel_transpose_32_buf(
+    global const uint * input,
+    global uint * output,
+    const int ldi,
+    const int ldo
+) {
+    const int x = get_global_id(0);
+    const int y = get_global_id(1);
+
+    output[x*ldo + y] = input[y*ldi + x];
+}
+
 // 32-bit transpose, loading/storing a 4x4 tile of elements
 kernel void kernel_transpose_32(
     __read_only image1d_buffer_t input,
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tri.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tri.cl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..35cdd543bc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tri.cl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// tri
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+__kernel void kernel_tri_f32(
+        global float * src0,
+        ulong offset0,
+        global float * dst,
+        ulong offsetd,
+        int n,
+        int ne0,
+        int ne1,
+        int tri_type
+) {
+    src0 = (global float*)((global char*)src0 + offset0);
+    dst = (global float*)((global char*)dst + offsetd);
+
+    int idx = get_global_id(0);
+    if (idx >= n) return;
+
+    int i0 = idx % ne0;
+    int i1 = (idx / ne0) % ne1;
+
+    int keep = 0;
+    if (tri_type == 0) keep = (i0 >= i1);
+    else if (tri_type == 1) keep = (i0 >  i1);
+    else if (tri_type == 2) keep = (i0 <= i1);
+    else                    keep = (i0 <  i1);
+
+    dst[idx] = keep ? src0[idx] : 0.0f;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tsembd.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tsembd.cl
index 4b1107f70ba..21444bd9582 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tsembd.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/tsembd.cl
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ kernel void kernel_timestep_embedding(
     local_half_dim = logical_dim / 2;
     local_embed_data_ptr = (global float *)((global char *)local_dst_output_base_ptr + local_i * dst_nb1_bytes);
 
-    if (logical_dim % 2 != 0 && local_j == ((logical_dim + 1) / 2)) {
-        local_embed_data_ptr[logical_dim] = 0.0f;
+    if (logical_dim % 2 != 0 && local_j == local_half_dim) {
+        local_embed_data_ptr[2 * local_half_dim] = 0.0f;
     }
 
     if (local_j >= local_half_dim) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/upscale.cl b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/upscale.cl
index 219d31dbb92..25c68351bae 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/upscale.cl
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/upscale.cl
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ kernel void kernel_upscale_bilinear(
     float sf0,
     float sf1,
     float sf2,
-    float sf3
+    float sf3,
+    float pixel_offset
 ) {
     global const char * src_base = (global const char *)p_src0 + off_src0;
     global float * dst_base = (global float *)((global char *)p_dst + off_dst);
@@ -80,8 +81,6 @@ kernel void kernel_upscale_bilinear(
     int i02_src = (int)(i12_dst / sf2);
     int i03_src = (int)(i13_dst / sf3);
 
-    const float pixel_offset = 0.5f;
-
     float y_src_f = ((float)i11_dst + pixel_offset) / sf1 - pixel_offset;
     long y0_src = (long)floor(y_src_f);
     long y1_src = y0_src + 1;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/.clang-format b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2a24d7d33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+---
+# Override root .clang-format
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments: false
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: false
+BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
+AccessModifierOffset: -4
+IndentCaseBlocks: false
+IndentCaseLabels: false
+
+Language:        Cpp
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
+AlignArrayOfStructures: Left
+AlignConsecutiveBitFields: AcrossComments
+AlignConsecutiveMacros: AcrossComments
+# AlignConsecutiveShortCaseStatements: AcrossComments
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Left # LeftWithLastLine
+AlignOperands:   Align
+AlignTrailingComments:
+  Kind: Always
+  OverEmptyLines: 1
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
+# AllowBreakBeforeNoexceptSpecifier: OnlyWithParen
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Inline
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: Inline
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: true
+# Treat CUDA keywords/attributes as "attribute macros" and avoid breaking lines inside them
+AttributeMacros:
+  - __host__
+  - __device__
+  - __global__
+  - __forceinline__
+  - __launch_bounds__
+BinPackArguments: true
+BinPackParameters: false # OnePerLine
+BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
+# BreakAdjacentStringLiterals: true
+BreakAfterAttributes: Never
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
+BreakBeforeInlineASMColon: OnlyMultiline
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: false
+# BreakBinaryOperations: Never
+BreakConstructorInitializers: AfterColon
+# BreakFunctionDefinitionParameters: false
+BreakInheritanceList: AfterComma
+BreakStringLiterals: true
+# BreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
+ColumnLimit:     120
+CommentPragmas:  '^ IWYU pragma:'
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+DisableFormat:   false
+EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: Leave
+EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Never
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+IncludeBlocks:   Regroup
+IncludeCategories:
+  - Regex:           '".*"'
+    Priority:        1
+    SortPriority:    0
+  - Regex:           '^<.*\.h>'
+    Priority:        2
+    SortPriority:    0
+  - Regex:           '^<.*'
+    Priority:        3
+    SortPriority:    0
+  - Regex:           '.*'
+    Priority:        4
+    SortPriority:    0
+IncludeIsMainRegex: '([-_](test|unittest))?$'
+IncludeIsMainSourceRegex: ''
+IndentAccessModifiers: false
+IndentExternBlock: NoIndent
+IndentGotoLabels: false
+IndentPPDirectives: AfterHash
+IndentWidth:     4
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+InsertBraces:    true # NOTE: may lead to incorrect formatting
+InsertNewlineAtEOF: true
+JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
+JavaScriptWrapImports: true
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
+LambdaBodyIndentation: Signature
+LineEnding: LF
+MacroBlockBegin: ''
+MacroBlockEnd:   ''
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ObjCBinPackProtocolList: Auto
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 4
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: true
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: true
+PPIndentWidth: -1
+PackConstructorInitializers: CurrentLine
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 2
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 1
+PenaltyBreakComment: 300
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
+PenaltyBreakString: 1000
+PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 10
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 200
+PointerAlignment: Middle
+QualifierAlignment: Left
+#QualifierOrder: ['static', 'inline', 'friend', 'constexpr', 'const', 'volatile', 'type', 'restrict']
+RawStringFormats:
+  - Language:        Cpp
+    Delimiters:
+      - cc
+      - CC
+      - cpp
+      - Cpp
+      - CPP
+      - 'c++'
+      - 'C++'
+    CanonicalDelimiter: ''
+ReferenceAlignment: Middle
+ReflowComments:  false # IndentOnly
+SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Always
+SortIncludes:    CaseInsensitive
+SortUsingDeclarations: LexicographicNumeric
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: true
+SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: false
+SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: true
+SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: true
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
+SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
+SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 2
+SpacesInAngles:  Never
+SpacesInLineCommentPrefix:
+  Minimum: 1
+  Maximum: -1
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
+Standard:        c++17
+TabWidth:        4
+UseTab:          Never
+WhitespaceSensitiveMacros: ['STRINGIZE']
+...
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..175b585661d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+find_package(OpenVINO REQUIRED)
+find_package(OpenCL REQUIRED)
+
+include("${OpenVINO_DIR}/../3rdparty/tbb/lib/cmake/TBB/TBBConfig.cmake")
+
+file(GLOB_RECURSE GGML_HEADERS_OPENVINO "*.h" "*.hpp")
+file(GLOB_RECURSE GGML_SOURCES_OPENVINO "*.cpp")
+
+ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-openvino
+    ${GGML_SOURCES_OPENVINO}
+    ${GGML_HEADERS_OPENVINO}
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(ggml-openvino PRIVATE openvino::runtime TBB::tbb OpenCL::OpenCL)
+
+if (GGML_OPENVINO)
+    if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "aarch64")
+    elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "x86_64" OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "amd64" OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "AMD64")
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "OpenVINO: OpenVINO toolkit supports x86-64 and arm64 but not ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+    endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0938d2273e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,975 @@
+#include "ggml-decoder.h"
+
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-openvino-extra.h"
+#include "ggml-openvino.h"
+#include "ggml-quants.h"
+
+#include <ggml-impl.h>
+#include <ggml.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <execution>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <openvino/core/dimension.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/except.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/partial_shape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/type/bfloat16.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/type/element_type.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/type/float16.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/parameter.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/tensor.hpp>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <set>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+GgmlOvDecoder::GgmlOvDecoder(ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                             ModelParams & model_params,
+                             ComputeParams & compute_params,
+                             std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & model_weights,
+                             bool is_static,
+                             bool is_stateful,
+                             bool is_prefill,
+                             int prefill_chunk_size) :
+    m_is_static(is_static),
+    m_is_stateful(is_stateful),
+    m_is_prefill(is_prefill),
+    m_naive(false),
+    m_prefill_chunk_size(prefill_chunk_size),
+    m_cgraph(cgraph),
+    m_model_weights(model_weights),
+    m_model_params(model_params),
+    m_compute_params(compute_params) {
+    if (auto * env = getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_PRINT_CGRAPH_TENSOR_ADDRESS"); env && std::string(env) != "0") {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        _putenv_s("GGML_OPENVINO_PRINT_CGRAPH_TENSOR_ADDRESS", "");
+#else
+        unsetenv("GGML_OPENVINO_PRINT_CGRAPH_TENSOR_ADDRESS");
+#endif
+        print_tensor_address_map(cgraph);
+    }
+
+    validate_cgraph();
+
+    set_input_output();
+    compute_model_inputs();
+    compute_model_outputs();
+
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
+        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_case = compute_op_case(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
+        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_type = compute_op_type(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
+    }
+
+    add_extra_inputs();
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::update_io(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    m_cgraph = cgraph;
+    m_model_inputs.clear();
+    m_model_outputs.clear();
+    m_node_info_list.clear();
+    set_input_output();
+    compute_model_inputs();
+    compute_model_outputs();
+}
+
+GgmlOvDecoder::GgmlOvDecoder(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & model_weights) {
+    m_cgraph = cgraph;
+    m_model_weights = model_weights;
+    m_naive = true;
+    set_input_output();
+    compute_model_inputs();
+    compute_model_outputs();
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
+        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_case = compute_op_case(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
+        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_type = compute_op_type(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
+    }
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::set_input_output() {
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < m_cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
+        auto node = m_cgraph->nodes[node_n];
+
+        NodeInfo current_node_info;
+        auto node_name = std::string(node->name);
+        auto node_output_name = node_name;
+        auto * node_output = node;
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS) {
+            // SET_ROWS updates the tensor in place. For later ov op that uses the
+            // the view_src of SET_ROWS, we need to make sure they get the updated tensor
+            // by putting the view_src name in the tensor_map in
+            // <openvino>/src/frontends/ggml/src/translate_session.cpp
+            node_output_name = std::string(node->view_src->name);
+            node_output = node->view_src;
+        }
+
+        current_node_info.node = node;
+        current_node_info.node_name = node_name;
+        current_node_info.node_output = node_output;
+        current_node_info.node_output_name = node_output_name;
+        current_node_info.node_op_case = 0;
+        current_node_info.data_addr = node->data;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            auto * src = node->src[i];
+            if (src == nullptr) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto src_name = std::string(src->name);
+            if (src->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT) {
+                src_name = get_graph_input_ov_name(src, node);
+            }
+            current_node_info.node_inputs[src_name] = src;
+            current_node_info.node_inputs_names.push_back(src_name);
+        }
+
+        m_node_info_list.push_back(current_node_info);
+    }
+}
+
+int GgmlOvDecoder::compute_op_case(const ggml_tensor * node) const {
+    int op_case = 0;
+    switch (node->op) {
+    case GGML_OP_RESHAPE: {
+        auto * src = node->src[0];
+        if (src->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE && src->src[0]->ne[0] == node->ne[0] && src->src[0]->ne[1] == node->ne[1]) {
+            op_case = 4;
+        } else if (node->ne[0] * node->ne[1] == src->ne[0]) {
+            op_case = 1;
+        } else if (src->ne[0] * src->ne[1] == node->ne[0]) {
+            op_case = 2;
+            if (src->ne[2] * src->ne[3] == node->ne[1]) {
+                op_case = 5;
+            }
+        } else if (src->ne[0] * src->ne[1] == node->ne[1]) {
+            op_case = 3;
+        } else if (src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] == node->ne[1]) {
+            op_case = 6;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_CONT: {
+        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE) {
+            op_case = 1;
+        } else if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE) {
+            op_case = 2;
+        } else if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            op_case = 3;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_PERMUTE: {
+        if (node->src[0]->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            op_case = 1;
+        } else if (node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+            // kv cache tensor
+            std::string src_name(node->view_src->name);
+            int layer = extract_layer_from_name(src_name);
+            if (!is_swa_layer(layer)) {
+                op_case = 2;
+            } else {
+                op_case = 3;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // rope'ed query tensor
+            op_case = 4;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT: {
+        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_CONT && node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE) {
+            op_case = 2;
+        } else if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            op_case = 3;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS: {
+        if (node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            op_case = 2;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
+        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            op_case = 2;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_VIEW: {
+        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            auto * src = node->src[0];
+            if (ggml_nelements(node) != ggml_nelements(src)) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported VIEW case");
+            }
+            op_case = 2;
+        }
+        {
+            auto * src = node->src[0];
+            if ((ggml_nelements(node) != ggml_nelements(src)) && m_naive) {
+                // Compare each dimension of node and src, if only one dimension differs then op_case=3
+                int diff_count = 0;
+                for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+                    if (node->ne[i] != src->ne[i]) {
+                        diff_count++;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (diff_count == 1) {
+                    op_case = 3;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return op_case;
+}
+
+int extract_layer_from_name(const std::string & name) {
+    size_t pos1 = name.find("_l");
+    assert(pos1 != std::string::npos);
+    pos1 += 2;
+    size_t pos2 = name.find(' ', pos1);
+    if (pos2 == std::string::npos) {
+        pos2 = name.length();
+    }
+    std::string layer_str = name.substr(pos1, pos2 - pos1);
+    int layer = std::stoi(layer_str);
+    return layer;
+}
+
+std::pair<ModelParams, ComputeParams> GgmlOvDecoder::compute_llm_params(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, bool is_static) {
+    ModelParams model_params;
+    ComputeParams compute_params;
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        auto * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+        std::string name = std::string(node->name);
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT) {
+            model_params.n_heads = node->src[0]->ne[2];
+            model_params.n_heads_kv = node->src[1]->ne[2];
+            model_params.head_size = node->src[0]->ne[0];
+            compute_params.input_len = node->src[0]->ne[1];
+
+            auto * cache_k_perm = node->src[1];
+            if (cache_k_perm->op == GGML_OP_CPY) {
+                cache_k_perm = cache_k_perm->src[0];
+            }
+            assert(cache_k_perm->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE);
+            auto * cache_k_view = cache_k_perm->src[0];
+            assert(cache_k_view->op == GGML_OP_VIEW);
+
+            auto * cache_k = cache_k_view->src[0];
+            int layer = extract_layer_from_name(cache_k->name);
+            auto * mask = node->src[3];
+            std::string mask_name(mask->name);
+
+            model_params.kv_buffer_ctx_id = ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_ctx_id(cache_k->buffer);
+            if (mask_name.find("swa") != std::string::npos) {
+                model_params.swa_layers.push_back(layer);
+                model_params.ctx_per_seq_swa = cache_k->ne[1];
+            } else {
+                model_params.ctx_per_seq = cache_k->ne[1];
+                model_params.n_seq = cache_k->ne[2];
+            }
+
+            compute_params.n_seq_active = mask->ne[3];
+            auto seq_size = cache_k->ne[0] * cache_k->ne[1] * ggml_type_size(cache_k->type);
+            size_t offset;
+            memcpy(&offset, cache_k_view->op_params, sizeof(size_t));
+            compute_params.seq_active_start = offset / seq_size;
+            compute_params.token_len_per_seq = node->ne[2];
+
+            if (mask_name.find("swa") != std::string::npos) {
+                compute_params.attention_size_swa = mask->ne[0];
+            } else {
+                compute_params.attention_size = mask->ne[0];
+            }
+            if (is_static) {
+                compute_params.attention_size = model_params.ctx_per_seq;
+                compute_params.attention_size_swa = model_params.ctx_per_seq_swa;
+                compute_params.token_len_per_seq = 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
+            memcpy(model_params.rope_params, node->op_params, sizeof(int32_t) * 15);
+        }
+    }
+    auto * output_tensor = cgraph->nodes[cgraph->n_nodes - 1];
+    compute_params.output_len = output_tensor->ne[1];
+    // for NPU, output_len is always 1 except for llama-perplexity
+    if (is_static && compute_params.output_len == 0) {
+        compute_params.output_len = 1;
+    }
+    model_params.ctx = model_params.ctx_per_seq * model_params.n_seq;
+    model_params.ctx_swa = model_params.ctx_per_seq_swa * model_params.n_seq;
+    return {model_params, compute_params};
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::validate_cgraph() const {
+    if (m_model_params.n_seq > 1 && m_is_static == true) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("n_seq > 1 is not supported on NPU. Try setting -np 1.");
+    }
+}
+
+ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_graph_input_shape(const ggml_tensor * op, const ggml_tensor * input) const {
+    if (m_naive) {
+        return input!= nullptr ? ov::PartialShape{get_shape(input)} : ov::PartialShape{get_shape(op)};
+    }
+    auto name = std::string(input->name);
+    ov::PartialShape input_shape;
+
+    if (is_inp_tok(input, op) || is_inp_pos(input, op)) {
+        // tokens or positions
+        int len = m_is_static ? (m_is_prefill ? m_prefill_chunk_size : 1) : -1;
+        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, 1, len};
+
+    } else if (is_output_idx(input, op)) {
+        // output index
+        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, 1, m_is_static ? m_compute_params.output_len : -1};
+
+    } else if (is_inp_mask(input, op)) {
+        // mask
+        if (m_is_static) {
+            input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, m_is_prefill ? m_prefill_chunk_size : 1, m_model_params.ctx};
+        } else if (m_is_stateful) {
+            input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, -1, -1};
+        } else {
+            input_shape = ov::PartialShape{-1, 1, -1, -1};
+        }
+
+    } else if (is_kvcache(input, op)) {
+        // kvcache
+        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{get_shape(input)};
+        if (!m_is_static) {
+            // do not fix ctx size to make llama-bench work across test params
+            input_shape[2] = -1;
+        }
+        if (is_stateful()) {
+            // Convert stateless KV cache layout [1, 1, seq, n_heads_kv * head_size]
+            // to stateful layout [1, seq, n_heads_kv, head_size].
+            assert(input_shape.size() == 4 && input_shape[0] == 1 && input_shape[1] == 1 &&
+                   input_shape[2].is_dynamic() &&
+                   input_shape[3] == (m_model_params.n_heads_kv * m_model_params.head_size));
+            input_shape = {input_shape[0], ov::Dimension::dynamic(), m_model_params.n_heads_kv,
+                           m_model_params.head_size};
+        }
+
+    } else if (is_kv_idx(input, op)) {
+        // kv update index
+        int len = m_is_static ? (m_is_prefill ? m_prefill_chunk_size : 1) : -1;
+        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, 1, len};
+
+    } else {
+        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{get_shape(input)};
+    }
+    return input_shape;
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::add_extra_inputs() {
+    // Extra inputs:
+    // 1. `attention_size`, used in FLASH_ATTN where the shape of the matmul's are 256 aligned,
+    //     see llama_kv_cache_unified::get_n_kv and llama_kv_cache_unified::get_padding.
+    // 2. `n_seq_active` and `seq_active_start`, used in FLASH_ATTN_EXT to indicate the active sequences in the batch
+
+    auto create_1d_input = [this](const std::string & name, int64_t value) {
+        if (m_is_static) {
+            auto constant =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{1}, std::vector<int64_t>{value});
+            constant->set_friendly_name(name);
+            m_model_extra_inputs[name] = constant;
+        } else {
+            auto param_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Parameter>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{1});
+            param_node->set_friendly_name(name);
+            param_node->output(0).get_tensor().set_names({name});
+            m_model_extra_inputs[name] = param_node;
+
+            auto tensor = std::make_shared<ov::Tensor>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{1});
+            *tensor->data<int64_t>() = value;
+            m_model_extra_input_values[name] = tensor;
+        }
+    };
+
+    create_1d_input("attention_size", m_compute_params.attention_size);
+    if (m_compute_params.attention_size_swa != -1) {
+        create_1d_input("attention_size_swa", m_compute_params.attention_size_swa);
+    }
+    create_1d_input("n_seq_active", m_compute_params.n_seq_active);
+    create_1d_input("seq_active_start", m_compute_params.seq_active_start);
+    create_1d_input("seq_active_end", m_compute_params.seq_active_start + m_compute_params.n_seq_active);
+    create_1d_input("token_len_per_seq", m_compute_params.token_len_per_seq);
+    // create_1d_input("token_len", m_token_len_per_seq * m_n_seq_active);
+}
+
+bool GgmlOvDecoder::node_is_used_as_src(const int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    for (int i = node_idx; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        ggml_tensor * other_node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
+        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+            if (other_node->src[j] == node) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::compute_model_inputs() {
+    m_model_inputs.clear();
+    m_inputs.clear();
+    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
+        // the node op is NONE means this node maybe as input of later nodes, we should add it to model inputs for this node.
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_NONE && node_is_used_as_src(i)) {
+            std::string node_name(node->name);
+            if (m_model_weights.find(node_name) == m_model_weights.end()) {
+                m_inputs[node_name] = node;
+                auto param_node =
+                    std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Parameter>(get_ov_type(node), get_graph_input_shape(node, nullptr));
+                param_node->set_friendly_name(node_name);
+                param_node->output(0).get_tensor().set_names({node_name});
+                m_model_inputs[node_name] = param_node;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            auto * src = node->src[i];
+            if (src == nullptr) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            std::string src_name = std::string(src->name);
+            if (src->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT) {
+                src_name = get_graph_input_ov_name(src, node);
+            }
+            if (m_model_weights.find(src_name) != m_model_weights.end()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            bool is_intermediate_node = false;
+            for (const auto & node_info : m_node_info_list) {
+                if (node_info.node == src) {
+                    is_intermediate_node = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (is_intermediate_node) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (m_model_inputs.find(src_name) != m_model_inputs.end()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            m_inputs[src_name] = src;
+
+            ggml_backend_buffer * buffer = src->buffer;
+            // GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_ANY are kv caches
+            if (buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_ANY) {
+                if (auto it = std::find(m_model_params.kv_names.begin(), m_model_params.kv_names.end(), src_name);
+                    it == m_model_params.kv_names.end()) {
+                    m_model_params.kv_names.push_back(src_name);
+                }
+            }
+            ov::PartialShape param_shape = get_graph_input_shape(node, src);
+            auto param_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Parameter>(get_ov_type(src), param_shape);
+            param_node->set_friendly_name(src_name);
+            param_node->output(0).get_tensor().set_names({src_name});
+            m_model_inputs[src_name] = param_node;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::compute_model_outputs() {
+    m_model_outputs.clear();
+    m_model_output_names.clear();
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < m_cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
+        auto * cur_node = m_cgraph->nodes[node_n];
+        // if the node op is NONE means this node is not used at all, we can skip it directly without adding to model outputs.
+        if (cur_node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto cur_node_use_count = m_cgraph->use_counts[ggml_hash_find(&m_cgraph->visited_hash_set, cur_node)];
+        if (cur_node_use_count == 0) {
+            // The output of SET_ROWS is the view_src tensor, which is updated in place. We should use the view_src name as the output name to make sure it can be correctly matched with the later ops that use the view_src.
+            if (cur_node != nullptr && cur_node->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS) {
+                cur_node = cur_node->view_src;
+            }
+        } else {
+            int input_use_count = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+                ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
+                for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+                    if (node->src[j] != NULL && node->src[j] == cur_node) {
+                        input_use_count++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (input_use_count == cur_node_use_count) {
+                cur_node = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+        if (cur_node != nullptr) {
+            std::string node_output_name(cur_node->name);
+            m_model_outputs[node_output_name] = cur_node;
+            m_model_output_names.push_back(node_output_name);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const ggml_tensor * GgmlOvDecoder::get_tensor_used_op(const ggml_tensor * tensor) const {
+    if (tensor == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        const auto * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
+        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+            if (node->src[j] == tensor) {
+                return node;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+const ggml_tensor * GgmlOvDecoder::get_tensor_from_name(const std::string & name) const {
+    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        const auto * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
+        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+            const auto * src = node->src[j];
+            if (src == nullptr) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (std::string(src->name) == name) {
+                return src;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::map<std::string, std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::get_kv_param_res_names() const {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> kv_param_res_names;
+    for (const auto & name : m_model_params.kv_names) {
+        kv_param_res_names[name] = name;
+    }
+    return kv_param_res_names;
+}
+
+std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, bool naive) {
+    static std::mutex weights_mutex;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(weights_mutex);
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> model_weights;
+    auto * nodes = cgraph->nodes;
+    auto n_nodes = cgraph->n_nodes;
+    for (int node_i = 0; node_i < n_nodes; node_i++) {
+        auto * node = nodes[node_i];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            auto * src = node->src[i];
+            if (src == nullptr) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            std::string src_name(src->name);
+            if (is_rope_freqs_weight(src, node)) {
+                src_name = "rope_freqs.weight";
+            }
+            if (!src->view_src) {
+                ggml_backend_buffer * buffer = src->buffer;
+                if (buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS || ggml_is_quantized(src->type)) {
+                    if (model_weights.find(src_name) == model_weights.end()) {
+                        auto weight_node = create_weight_node(src, naive);
+                        weight_node->set_friendly_name(src_name);
+                        model_weights[src_name] = weight_node;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return model_weights;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_node(ggml_tensor * tensor, bool naive) {
+    const bool is_ov_buffer = ggml_backend_buffer_is_openvino(tensor->buffer);
+
+    // Check if we have a pre-built constant from the OpenVINO backend buffer
+    // This is set during ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_set_tensor
+    if (tensor->extra) {
+        OPENVINO_ASSERT(is_ov_buffer, "Unsupported weight tensor: " + std::string(tensor->name) +
+                                          " Possibly this is a cpu backend repacked quantized weights");
+        // Cast to our extra base type and check the type
+        auto * extra_base = static_cast<ggml_openvino_extra_base *>(tensor->extra);
+
+        if (extra_base->type == ggml_openvino_extra_base::Type::WEIGHT) {
+            // F16/F32/BF16 weight with shared-memory constant
+            auto * weight_extra = static_cast<ggml_openvino_weight_extra *>(tensor->extra);
+            if (weight_extra->weight_node) {
+                // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: using pre-built weight node for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+                return weight_extra->weight_node;
+            }
+        } else if (extra_base->type == ggml_openvino_extra_base::Type::QUANTIZED_WEIGHT) {
+            // Quantized weight with pre-extracted data
+            auto * quant_extra = static_cast<ggml_openvino_quantized_weight_extra *>(tensor->extra);
+            if (quant_extra->weight_node) {
+                // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: using pre-extracted quantized weight node for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+                return quant_extra->weight_node;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // There are three cases where we need to create a new weight node:
+    // 1. weights are in openvino_host_buffer. Weight loading to host buffer will not trigger backend_buffer_set_tensor
+    // 2. weights are in cpu/cpu_mapped buffer. On token_embd.weight goes to case 1 or 2, depending on whether mmap or direct_io is used
+    // 3. test-backend-ops. buffers in test-backend-ops does not set USAGE_WEIGHT so backend_buffer_set_tensor will not create weight node
+
+    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: creating new weight node for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+    static const std::set<ggml_type> weight_types = {GGML_TYPE_F32,  GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_BF16,
+                                                     GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1,
+                                                     GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, GGML_TYPE_Q6_K};
+    if (weight_types.find(tensor->type) == weight_types.end()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected weight tensor type: " + std::string(tensor->name) + " with type " +
+                                 ggml_type_name(tensor->type));
+    }
+
+    OvWeight ov_weight;
+    if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
+        auto use_bias = naive;
+        if (is_ov_buffer) {
+            // For quantized weights, copy raw data to a temp buffer first because
+            // process_weight_tensor reads from data and writes extracted results
+            // (weights/scales/zp) to output_base_ptr — they would overlap if both
+            // point to tensor->data.
+            size_t raw_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> tmp(raw_size);
+            memcpy(tmp.data(), tensor->data, raw_size);
+            ov_weight = process_weight_tensor(tensor, tmp.data(), tensor->data, use_bias);
+        } else {
+            ov_weight = process_weight_tensor(tensor, tensor->data, nullptr, use_bias);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // For non-quantized weights (F16/F32/BF16), data is already in tensor->data.
+        // process_weight_tensor will create an ov::Tensor wrapping tensor->data directly.
+        ov_weight = process_weight_tensor(tensor, tensor->data, tensor->data);
+    }
+
+    ov_weight.weight_node->set_friendly_name(tensor->name);
+    if (!is_ov_buffer) {
+        return ov_weight.weight_node;
+    }
+
+    ggml_openvino_extra_base * extra;
+    if (ov_weight.is_quantized()) {
+        extra = new ggml_openvino_quantized_weight_extra(std::move(ov_weight.weights), std::move(ov_weight.scales),
+                                                         std::move(ov_weight.zp), ov_weight.weight_node);
+    } else {
+        extra = new ggml_openvino_weight_extra(std::move(ov_weight.weights), ov_weight.weight_node);
+    }
+    ggml_openvino_buffer_register_extra(tensor, extra);
+
+    return ov_weight.weight_node;
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::dump_cgraph(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::string & filename) {
+    std::ofstream file(filename);
+    if (!file.is_open()) {
+        std::cerr << "Failed to open file" << std::endl;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    file << "=== GRAPH ===\n";
+
+    // clang-format off
+    file << "n_nodes = " << cgraph->n_nodes << "\n";
+    file << " " << std::setw(3) << "nodes"
+                <<  std::setw(15) << "shape"
+                << std::setw(20) << "op"
+                << std::setw(20) << "name"
+                << std::setw(3) << "    "
+                << std::setw(62) << "stride"
+                << std::setw(20) << "buffer_type"
+                << "\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+
+        // Get buffer type name
+        const char * buf_name = "none";
+        ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = node->view_src ? node->view_src->buffer : node->buffer;
+        if (buf) {
+            buf_name = ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf);
+        }
+
+        file << " - " << std::setw(3) << i << ": [ "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[0] << ", "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[1] << ", "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[2] << ", "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[3] << "] "
+             << std::left << std::setw(20) << ggml_op_name(node->op) << std::right << " "
+             << std::left << std::setw(45) << node->name << std::right
+             << std::setw(2) << "[ "
+             << std::setw(0) << node->nb[0] << ", "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->nb[1] << ", "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->nb[2] << ", "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->nb[3] << "] "
+             << std::right << std::setw(15) << buf_name << std::right
+             << "\n";
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            if (auto* src = node->src[i]) {
+                // Get buffer type name for source
+                const char * src_buf_name = "none";
+                ggml_backend_buffer_t src_buf = src->view_src ? src->view_src->buffer : src->buffer;
+                if (src_buf) {
+                    src_buf_name = ggml_backend_buffer_name(src_buf);
+                }
+
+                file << std::setw(10) << " [ "
+                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[0] << ", "
+                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[1] << ", "
+                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[2] << ", "
+                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[3] << "] "
+                << std::setw(12)
+                << i << ": " << std::left << std::setw(12) << ggml_op_name(src->op) << std::right;
+                file << std::left << std::setw(30) << src->name << std::right
+                << std::setw(16) << "[ "
+                << std::setw(0) << src->nb[0] << ", "
+                << std::setw(5) << src->nb[1] << ", "
+                << std::setw(5) << src->nb[2] << ", "
+                << std::setw(5) << src->nb[3] << "] "
+                << std::right << std::setw(15) << src_buf_name << std::right
+                << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    file << "n_leafs = " << cgraph->n_leafs << "\n";
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_leafs; i++) {
+        ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->leafs[i];
+
+        // Get buffer type name for leaf
+        const char * leaf_buf_name = "none";
+        ggml_backend_buffer_t leaf_buf = node->view_src ? node->view_src->buffer : node->buffer;
+        if (leaf_buf) {
+            leaf_buf_name = ggml_backend_buffer_name(leaf_buf);
+        }
+
+        file << " - " << std::setw(3) << i << ": [ "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[0] << ", "
+             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[1] << "] "
+             << std::setw(8) << ggml_op_name(node->op) << " "
+             << std::setw(16) << ggml_get_name(node)
+             << std::setw(20) << leaf_buf_name << "\n";
+    }
+    // clang-format on
+    file << "========================================\n";
+
+    file.close();
+}
+
+void print_tensor_address_map(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    std::map<void *, std::vector<std::string>> address_map;
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
+        auto * node = cgraph->nodes[node_n];
+        if (node->data) {
+            auto it = address_map.find(node->data);
+            if (it == address_map.end()) {
+                address_map[node->data] = std::vector<std::string>();
+            }
+            address_map[node->data].push_back(node->name);
+        }
+    }
+    for (const auto & pair : address_map) {
+        std::cout << "Address: " << pair.first << std::endl;
+        for (const auto & name : pair.second) {
+            std::cout << name << " ; ";
+        }
+        std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+
+ov::Shape GgmlOvDecoder::get_shape(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    std::vector<size_t> shape;
+    for (int i = GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        shape.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(tensor->ne[i]));
+    }
+    return shape;
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> GgmlOvDecoder::get_stride(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    std::vector<size_t> stride;
+    for (int i = GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        stride.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(tensor->nb[i]));
+    }
+    return stride;
+}
+
+ov::element::Type GgmlOvDecoder::get_ov_type(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_F64:
+        return ov::element::f64;
+    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        return ov::element::f32;
+    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        return ov::element::f16;
+    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+        return ov::element::bf16;
+    case GGML_TYPE_I8:
+        return ov::element::i8;
+    case GGML_TYPE_I16:
+        return ov::element::i16;
+    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+        return ov::element::i32;
+    case GGML_TYPE_I64:
+        return ov::element::i64;
+    default:
+        return ov::element::dynamic;
+    }
+}
+
+ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_shape(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
+    return ov::PartialShape(get_shape(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name)));
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_stride(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
+    return get_stride(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name));
+}
+
+ov::element::Type GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_type(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
+    return get_ov_type(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name));
+}
+
+size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_size() const {
+    return m_model_inputs.size();
+}
+
+size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_size(int node_idx) const {
+    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_names.size();
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_names(int node_idx) const {
+    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_names;
+}
+
+ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_shape(int node_idx) const {
+    auto * ggml_tensor = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_output;
+    return ov::PartialShape(get_shape(ggml_tensor));
+}
+
+ov::element::Type GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_type(const int node_idx) const {
+    return get_ov_type(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_names(int node_idx) const {
+    return {m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_output_name};
+}
+
+const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_name() const {
+    static const std::string unknown_name = "UNKNOWN_OP_NAME";
+    return unknown_name;
+}
+
+const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_name(int node_idx) const {
+    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_name;
+}
+
+int32_t * GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_op_params(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
+    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name)->op_params;
+}
+
+int32_t * GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_op_params(int node_idx) const {
+    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node->op_params;
+}
+
+void GgmlOvDecoder::visit_subgraph(std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder>, int node_idx)> node_visitor) const {
+    for (int node_idx = 0; node_idx < m_cgraph->n_nodes; node_idx++) {
+        if (m_cgraph->nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        node_visitor(std::make_shared<GgmlOvDecoder>(*this), node_idx);
+    }
+}
+
+std::string GgmlOvDecoder::compute_op_type(const ggml_tensor * node) {
+    static const std::map<ggml_op, std::string> ops = {
+        {GGML_OP_NONE,           "GGML_OP_NONE"          },
+        {GGML_OP_ACC,            "GGML_OP_ACC"           },
+        {GGML_OP_ADD,            "GGML_OP_ADD"           },
+        {GGML_OP_ADD1,           "GGML_OP_ADD1"          },
+        {GGML_OP_CONT,           "GGML_OP_CONT"          },
+        {GGML_OP_DIV,            "GGML_OP_DIV"           },
+        {GGML_OP_DUP,            "GGML_OP_DUP"           },
+        {GGML_OP_GET_ROWS,       "GGML_OP_GET_ROWS"      },
+        {GGML_OP_MUL,            "GGML_OP_MUL"           },
+        {GGML_OP_MUL_MAT,        "GGML_OP_MUL_MAT"       },
+        {GGML_OP_PERMUTE,        "GGML_OP_PERMUTE"       },
+        {GGML_OP_RESHAPE,        "GGML_OP_RESHAPE"       },
+        {GGML_OP_RMS_NORM,       "GGML_OP_RMS_NORM"      },
+        {GGML_OP_ROPE,           "GGML_OP_ROPE"          },
+        {GGML_OP_SCALE,          "GGML_OP_SCALE"         },
+        {GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX,       "GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX"      },
+        {GGML_OP_SUB,            "GGML_OP_SUB"           },
+        {GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE,      "GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE"     },
+        {GGML_OP_VIEW,           "GGML_OP_VIEW"          },
+        {GGML_OP_SET_ROWS,       "GGML_OP_SET_ROWS"      },
+        {GGML_OP_CPY,            "GGML_OP_CPY"           },
+        {GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT, "GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT"},
+    };
+    static const std::map<ggml_unary_op, std::string> unary_ops = {
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS,         "GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS"        },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN,         "GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN"        },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG,         "GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG"        },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP,        "GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP"       },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH,        "GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH"       },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU,         "GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU"        },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU,        "GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU"       },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID,     "GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID"    },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU,        "GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU"       },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK,  "GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK" },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU,        "GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU"       },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH,   "GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH"  },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID, "GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID"},
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP,         "GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP"        },
+        {GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT,       "GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT"      }
+    };
+    static const std::map<ggml_glu_op, std::string> glu_ops = {
+        {GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU, "GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU"},
+        {GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU,  "GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU" },
+        {GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU,  "GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU" }
+    };
+
+    switch (node->op) {
+    case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+        return unary_ops.at(ggml_get_unary_op(node));
+    case GGML_OP_GLU:
+        return glu_ops.at(ggml_get_glu_op(node));
+    default:
+        return ops.at(node->op);
+    }
+    static const std::string unknown_op = "UNKNOWN_GGML_OP";
+    return unknown_op;
+}
+
+const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_type(int node_idx) const {
+    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_op_type;
+}
+
+const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_type() const {
+    static const std::string unknown_op = "UNKNOWN_GGML_OP";
+    return unknown_op;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ae25ddda32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-quants.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "openvino/decoder.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/partial_shape.hpp>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct ModelParams {
+    int ctx = -1;
+    int ctx_swa = -1;
+    int ctx_per_seq = -1;
+    int ctx_per_seq_swa = -1;
+    int n_seq = 1;
+    int n_heads = -1;
+    int n_heads_kv = -1;
+    int head_size = -1;
+    int32_t rope_params[15];
+    std::vector<int> swa_layers;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> kv_names;
+    size_t kv_buffer_ctx_id = 0;
+
+    bool same_rope_params(const ModelParams & other) const {
+        return memcmp(rope_params, other.rope_params, sizeof(int32_t) * 15) == 0;
+    }
+
+    bool can_reuse_dynamically(const ModelParams & other) const { return same_rope_params(other); }
+
+    bool can_reuse_statically(const ModelParams & other) const { return same_rope_params(other) && ctx == other.ctx; }
+
+    bool kv_buffer_changed(const ModelParams & other) const { return kv_buffer_ctx_id != other.kv_buffer_ctx_id; }
+};
+
+struct ComputeParams {
+    int n_seq_active = 1;
+    int seq_active_start = 0;
+    int attention_size = -1;
+    int attention_size_swa = -1;
+    int input_len = -1;
+    int token_len_per_seq = -1;
+    int past_kv_len = -1;
+    int output_len = 1;
+};
+
+class GgmlOvDecoder : public ov::frontend::ggml::GgmlDecoder {
+public:
+    struct NodeInfo {
+        ggml_tensor * node;
+        std::string node_name;
+        std::string node_op_type;
+        std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor *> node_inputs;
+        std::vector<std::string> node_inputs_names;
+        ggml_tensor * node_output;
+        std::string node_output_name;
+        int node_op_case = 0;
+        void * data_addr;
+    };
+    // Graph decoder
+    GgmlOvDecoder(ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                  ModelParams & model_params,
+                  ComputeParams & compute_params,
+                  std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & model_weights,
+                  bool is_static,
+                  bool is_stateful = false,
+                  bool is_prefill = false,
+                  int prefill_chunk_size = 256);
+
+    // Naive graph decoder
+    GgmlOvDecoder(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & model_weights);
+
+    virtual ov::Any get_attribute(const std::string & name) const override {
+        return nullptr;
+        GGML_UNUSED(name);
+    }
+
+    virtual ov::PartialShape get_input_shape(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const override;
+
+    virtual std::vector<size_t> get_input_stride(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const override;
+
+    virtual ov::element::Type get_input_type(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const override;
+
+    virtual size_t get_input_size() const override;
+
+    virtual size_t get_input_size(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual void get_input_node(size_t input_port_idx,
+                                std::string & producer_name,
+                                std::string & producer_output_port_name,
+                                size_t & producer_output_port_index) const override {
+        GGML_UNUSED(input_port_idx);
+        GGML_UNUSED(producer_name);
+        GGML_UNUSED(producer_output_port_name);
+        GGML_UNUSED(producer_output_port_index);
+    }
+
+    virtual std::vector<std::string> get_input_names(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual ov::PartialShape get_output_shape(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual ov::element::Type get_output_type(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual int32_t * get_input_op_params(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const override;
+
+    virtual int32_t * get_output_op_params(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual std::vector<std::string> get_output_names(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual const std::string & get_op_type() const override;
+
+    virtual const std::string & get_op_type(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual const std::string & get_op_name() const override;
+
+    virtual const std::string & get_op_name(int node_idx) const override;
+
+    virtual void visit_subgraph(std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder>, int node_idx)> node_visitor) const override;
+
+    ggml_tensor * get_input_ggml_tensor(const std::string & name) const { return m_inputs.at(name); }
+
+    virtual int get_op_case(int node_idx) const override { return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_op_case; }
+
+    virtual const std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & get_model_inputs() const override {
+        return m_model_inputs;
+    }
+
+    virtual const std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & get_model_extra_inputs() const override {
+        return m_model_extra_inputs;
+    }
+
+    virtual const std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Tensor>> & get_model_extra_input_values() const {
+        return m_model_extra_input_values;
+    }
+
+    virtual const std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & get_model_weights() const override {
+        return m_model_weights;
+    }
+
+    virtual std::vector<std::string> get_model_output_names() const override {
+        return m_model_output_names;
+    }
+
+    const std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor *> & get_model_outputs() const { return m_model_outputs; }
+
+    virtual int get_ctx_size() const { return m_model_params.ctx; }
+
+    virtual int get_ctx_swa_size() const { return m_model_params.ctx_swa; }
+
+    virtual int get_ctx_per_seq() const { return m_model_params.ctx_per_seq; }
+
+    virtual int get_ctx_per_seq_swa() const { return m_model_params.ctx_per_seq_swa; }
+
+    virtual int get_n_seq() const { return m_model_params.n_seq; }
+
+    virtual int is_swa_layer(int layer) const override {
+        return std::find(m_model_params.swa_layers.begin(), m_model_params.swa_layers.end(), layer) !=
+               m_model_params.swa_layers.end();
+    }
+
+    int get_past_kv_len() const { return m_compute_params.past_kv_len; }
+
+    int get_input_len() const { return m_compute_params.input_len; }
+
+    virtual int32_t * get_rope_params() const override { return const_cast<int32_t *>(m_model_params.rope_params); }
+
+    virtual std::map<std::string, std::string> get_kv_param_res_names() const override;
+
+    virtual bool is_static() const override { return m_is_static; }
+
+    virtual bool is_stateful() const override { return m_is_stateful; }
+
+    ov::PartialShape get_graph_input_shape(const ggml_tensor * op, const ggml_tensor * input) const;
+
+    static void dump_cgraph(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::string & filename);
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> create_weight_node(ggml_tensor * tensor, bool naive = false);
+
+    static std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> create_weight_nodes(ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                                                                bool naive = false);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * get_tensor_used_op(const ggml_tensor * tensor) const;
+
+    const ggml_tensor * get_tensor_from_name(const std::string & name) const;
+
+    void clear_model_weights() { m_model_weights.clear(); }
+
+    static std::pair<ModelParams, ComputeParams> compute_llm_params(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, bool is_static);
+
+    ModelParams get_model_params() const { return m_model_params; }
+
+    ComputeParams get_compute_params() const { return m_compute_params; }
+
+    void set_model_params(const ModelParams & model_params) { m_model_params = model_params; }
+
+    void set_compute_params(const ComputeParams & compute_params) { m_compute_params = compute_params; }
+
+    bool m_is_static = false;
+    bool m_is_stateful = false;
+    bool m_is_prefill = false;
+    bool m_naive = false;
+    int m_prefill_chunk_size = 0;
+
+    static ov::Shape get_shape(const ggml_tensor * tensor);
+    static std::vector<size_t> get_stride(const ggml_tensor * tensor);
+    static ov::element::Type get_ov_type(const ggml_tensor * tensor);
+    static std::string compute_op_type(const ggml_tensor * node);
+    void add_extra_inputs();
+
+    void update_io(ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
+
+    inline static bool is_inp_tok(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return op->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS && tensor == op->src[1] && op->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_NONE;
+    }
+
+    inline static bool is_inp_pos(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return op->op == GGML_OP_ROPE && tensor == op->src[1];
+    }
+
+    inline static bool is_inp_emb(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return tensor->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS && op->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM;
+    }
+
+    inline static bool is_inp_mask(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return op->op == GGML_OP_CPY || (op->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT && tensor == op->src[3]);
+    }
+
+    inline static bool is_rope_freqs_weight(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return op->op == GGML_OP_ROPE && tensor == op->src[2];
+    }
+
+    inline static bool is_kvcache(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return op->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS && op->src[2] == tensor;
+    }
+
+    inline static bool is_kv_idx(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return op->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS && op->src[1] == tensor;
+    }
+
+    inline static bool is_output_idx(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        return op->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS && tensor == op->src[1] && op->src[0]->op != GGML_OP_NONE;
+    }
+
+    static std::string get_graph_input_ov_name(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+        if (is_inp_tok(tensor, op)) {
+            return "inp_tokens";
+        }
+        if (is_inp_pos(tensor, op)) {
+            return "inp_pos";
+        }
+        if (is_inp_emb(tensor, op)) {
+            return "embd";
+        }
+        if (is_output_idx(tensor, op)) {
+            return "inp_out_ids";
+        }
+        if (is_inp_mask(tensor, op)) {
+            return std::string(tensor->name).find("swa") == std::string::npos ? "self_kq_mask" : "self_kq_mask_swa";
+        }
+        return tensor->name;
+    }
+
+private:
+    void set_input_output();
+    int compute_op_case(const ggml_tensor * node) const;
+    bool node_is_used_as_src(const int node_idx);
+    void compute_model_inputs();
+    void compute_model_outputs();
+
+    void validate_cgraph() const;
+
+    ggml_cgraph * m_cgraph = nullptr;
+    std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor *> m_inputs;
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> m_model_inputs;
+    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> m_model_extra_inputs;
+    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Tensor>> m_model_extra_input_values;
+    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> m_model_weights;
+    std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor *> m_model_outputs;
+    std::vector<std::string> m_model_output_names;
+    std::vector<NodeInfo> m_node_info_list;
+
+    ModelParams m_model_params;
+    ComputeParams m_compute_params;
+};
+
+void print_tensor_address_map(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
+
+int extract_layer_from_name(const std::string & name);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino-extra.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino-extra.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc3cb4583cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino-extra.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#include "ggml-openvino-extra.h"
+
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <openvino/runtime/intel_gpu/ocl/ocl.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/intel_npu/level_zero/level_zero.hpp>
+#include <optional>
+
+ov::Core & ov_singleton_core() {
+    static ov::Core core;
+    return core;
+}
+
+// =====================================================
+// Device Configuration Implementations
+// =====================================================
+
+void ggml_openvino_device_config::init() {
+    if (initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
+    device_name = getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE") ? getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE") : "CPU";
+    auto available_devices = ov_singleton_core().get_available_devices();
+    if (std::find(available_devices.begin(), available_devices.end(), device_name) == available_devices.end()) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("GGML OpenVINO Backend: device %s is not available, fallback to CPU\n", device_name.c_str());
+        device_name = "CPU";
+    }
+    is_npu = (device_name == "NPU");
+
+    auto * cache_dir = getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_CACHE_DIR");
+    if (device_name == "NPU") {
+        compile_config = {
+            {"NPU_COMPILER_DYNAMIC_QUANTIZATION", "YES"   },
+            {"NPU_USE_NPUW",                      "YES"   },
+            {"NPUW_DEVICES",                      "NPU"   },
+            {"NPUW_FOLD",                         "YES"   },
+            {"NPUW_WEIGHTS_BANK",                 "shared"},
+            {"NPUW_FUNCALL_FOR_ALL",              "YES"   },
+            {"NPUW_FUNCALL_ASYNC",                "YES"   },
+            {"NPUW_DQ",                           "YES"   },
+            {"NPUW_DQ_FULL",                      "NO"    },
+        };
+        if (cache_dir) {
+            compile_config["NPUW_CACHE_DIR"] = cache_dir;
+        }
+    } else if (cache_dir) {
+        ov_singleton_core().set_property(ov::cache_dir(cache_dir));
+    }
+
+    // Initialize remote context with queue sharing for GPU
+    if (device_name == "GPU") {
+        // Create OpenCL context and queue
+        cl_int err;
+        cl_platform_id platform;
+        err = clGetPlatformIDs(1, &platform, nullptr);
+        if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to get OpenCL platform: %d\n", err);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        cl_device_id cl_device;
+        err = clGetDeviceIDs(platform, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU, 1, &cl_device, nullptr);
+        if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to get OpenCL device: %d\n", err);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        cl_context cl_ctx = clCreateContext(nullptr, 1, &cl_device, nullptr, nullptr, &err);
+        if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to create OpenCL context: %d\n", err);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        cl_queue = clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(cl_ctx, cl_device, nullptr, &err);
+        if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to create OpenCL command queue: %d\n", err);
+            clReleaseContext(cl_ctx);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Create OpenVINO remote context with queue sharing
+        remote_context = ov::intel_gpu::ocl::ClContext(ov_singleton_core(), cl_queue);
+
+        // Release the context (queue keeps a reference)
+        clReleaseContext(cl_ctx);
+    } else if (device_name == "NPU") {
+        // remote tensor is not used for NPU yet
+        // remote_context = ov_singleton_core().get_default_context(device_name);
+    }
+
+    initialized = true;
+}
+
+ggml_openvino_device_config::~ggml_openvino_device_config() {
+    if (cl_queue != nullptr) {
+        clReleaseCommandQueue(cl_queue);
+        cl_queue = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// Get the global device config singleton
+ggml_openvino_device_config & ggml_openvino_get_device_config() {
+    static ggml_openvino_device_config config;
+    return config;
+}
+
+// Initialize device config (call during backend init)
+void ggml_openvino_init_device_config() {
+    ggml_openvino_get_device_config().init();
+}
+
+// Get the device name
+const std::string & ggml_openvino_get_device_name() {
+    return ggml_openvino_get_device_config().device_name;
+}
+
+// Check if running on NPU
+bool ggml_openvino_is_npu() {
+    return ggml_openvino_get_device_config().is_npu;
+}
+
+// Get the remote context for the current device (returns empty optional for CPU)
+std::optional<ov::RemoteContext> ggml_openvino_get_remote_context() {
+    return ggml_openvino_get_device_config().remote_context;
+}
+
+// Get the compile config for the current device
+const ov::AnyMap & ggml_openvino_get_compile_config() {
+    return ggml_openvino_get_device_config().compile_config;
+}
+
+// Get the OpenCL command queue for GPU operations
+cl_command_queue ggml_openvino_get_cl_queue() {
+    return ggml_openvino_get_device_config().cl_queue;
+}
+
+// Get the clEnqueueMemFillINTEL function pointer (lazy load)
+clEnqueueMemFillINTEL_fn ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemFillINTEL() {
+    static clEnqueueMemFillINTEL_fn fn = nullptr;
+    static bool loaded = false;
+    if (!loaded) {
+        loaded = true;
+        cl_platform_id platform;
+        if (clGetPlatformIDs(1, &platform, nullptr) == CL_SUCCESS) {
+            fn = (clEnqueueMemFillINTEL_fn) clGetExtensionFunctionAddressForPlatform(platform, "clEnqueueMemFillINTEL");
+        }
+    }
+    return fn;
+}
+
+// Get the clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL function pointer (lazy load)
+clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL_fn ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL() {
+    static clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL_fn fn = nullptr;
+    static bool loaded = false;
+    if (!loaded) {
+        loaded = true;
+        cl_platform_id platform;
+        if (clGetPlatformIDs(1, &platform, nullptr) == CL_SUCCESS) {
+            fn = (clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL_fn) clGetExtensionFunctionAddressForPlatform(platform, "clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL");
+        }
+    }
+    return fn;
+}
+
+// Get requantization type for a tensor type (returns nullopt if no requant needed)
+std::optional<ExtraQuantType> ggml_openvino_get_requant_type(const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool no_requant) {
+    if (no_requant) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (strncmp(tensor->name, "token_embd.weight", 17) == 0) {
+        return ((ggml_openvino_is_npu() && tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) ? ExtraQuantType::F16 : ExtraQuantType::Q8_0_C);
+    }
+    if (strncmp(tensor->name, "output.weight", 13) == 0) {
+        return ExtraQuantType::Q8_0_C;
+    }
+    if (ggml_openvino_is_npu()) {
+        return ExtraQuantType::Q4_0_128;
+    }
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        return ExtraQuantType::Q8_0_C;
+    default:
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+}
+
+// =====================================================
+// Extracted Layout Calculation
+// =====================================================
+
+ggml_openvino_extracted_layout ggml_openvino_get_extracted_layout(const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool use_bias) {
+    ggml_openvino_extracted_layout layout = {};
+    layout.is_symmetric = false;
+
+    if (!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
+        return layout;
+    }
+
+    // Only handle 2D weight tensors
+    if (tensor->ne[2] != 1 || tensor->ne[3] != 1) {
+        return layout;
+    }
+
+    int64_t n_elements = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+    const size_t alignment = 64;  // Good for SIMD
+
+    // Check if requantization is needed (NPU-specific)
+    auto requant_type = ggml_openvino_get_requant_type(tensor, use_bias);
+    if (requant_type.has_value()) {
+        layout.is_requant = true;
+        layout.requant_type = requant_type;
+
+        // Special case: requant to F16 - just store F16 weights, no scales/zp
+        if (requant_type.value() == ExtraQuantType::F16) {
+            layout.weights_size = n_elements * sizeof(uint16_t);  // F16 = 2 bytes
+            layout.total_size = layout.weights_size;
+            layout.weights_offset = 0;
+            // No scales/zp for F16
+            return layout;
+        }
+
+        // Requant to different quantized format (e.g., Q4_0_128)
+        switch (requant_type.value()) {
+        case ExtraQuantType::Q4_0_128:
+            layout.is_u4 = true;
+            layout.weights_per_block = 128;
+            layout.is_symmetric = true;
+            break;
+        case ExtraQuantType::Q4_0_C:
+            layout.is_u4 = true;
+            layout.weights_per_block = tensor->ne[0];
+            layout.is_symmetric = true;
+            break;
+        case ExtraQuantType::Q8_0_32:
+            layout.is_u4 = false;
+            layout.weights_per_block = 32;
+            layout.is_symmetric = true;
+            break;
+        case ExtraQuantType::Q8_0_C:
+            layout.is_u4 = false;
+            layout.weights_per_block = tensor->ne[0];
+            layout.is_symmetric = true;
+            break;
+        case ExtraQuantType::Q8_1_C:
+            layout.is_u4 = false;
+            layout.weights_per_block = tensor->ne[0];
+            break;
+        default:
+            layout.weights_per_block = -1;
+            GGML_ABORT("Code of re-quantizing to channel-wise is not updated");
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (layout.is_requant) {
+            // Calculate sizes for requantized format
+            layout.weights_size = layout.is_u4 ? (n_elements / 2) : n_elements;
+            int64_t n_blocks = n_elements / layout.weights_per_block;
+            layout.scales_size = n_blocks * sizeof(uint16_t);
+            // For symmetric quantization, we only need one zp value (not one per block)
+            // Zero points are stored in U4 or U8 format matching the weight type
+            size_t n_zp_elements = layout.is_symmetric ? 1 : n_blocks;
+            layout.zp_size = layout.is_u4 ? ((n_zp_elements + 1) / 2) : n_zp_elements;
+
+            layout.weights_offset = 0;
+            layout.scales_offset = ((layout.weights_size + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment;
+            layout.zp_offset = layout.scales_offset + ((layout.scales_size + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment;
+            layout.total_size = layout.zp_offset + layout.zp_size;
+            layout.total_size = std::max(layout.total_size, ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+            return layout;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Normal extraction (no requant) - determine format based on tensor type
+    layout.is_u4 = false;
+    layout.weights_per_block = 32;
+    layout.is_symmetric = false;
+
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        layout.is_u4 = true;
+        layout.is_symmetric = true;
+        break;
+
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+        layout.is_u4 = true;
+        break;
+
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        layout.is_symmetric = true;
+        break;
+
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        layout.weights_per_block = 16;
+        layout.is_symmetric = true;
+        break;
+
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        // Unsupported quantization type
+        return layout;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate sizes
+    // Weights: U4 = n_elements/2 bytes, U8 = n_elements bytes
+    layout.weights_size = layout.is_u4 ? (n_elements / 2) : n_elements;
+
+    // Scales: F16 per block
+    int64_t n_blocks = n_elements / layout.weights_per_block;
+    layout.scales_size = n_blocks * sizeof(uint16_t);  // F16 = 2 bytes
+    // Zero points: U4 or U8 matching weight type
+    // For symmetric quantization, we only need one zp value (not one per block)
+    size_t n_zp_elements = layout.is_symmetric ? 1 : n_blocks;
+    layout.zp_size = layout.is_u4 ? ((n_zp_elements + 1) / 2) : n_zp_elements;
+
+    // Layout in buffer: [weights | scales | zp] with alignment
+    layout.weights_offset = 0;
+    layout.scales_offset = ((layout.weights_size + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment;
+    layout.zp_offset = layout.scales_offset + ((layout.scales_size + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment;
+    layout.total_size = layout.zp_offset + layout.zp_size;
+    layout.total_size = std::max(layout.total_size, ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+
+    return layout;
+}
+
+ggml_openvino_tensor_extra * ggml_openvino_create_tensor_extra(const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool is_remote) {
+    ov::Shape shape;
+    for (int i = GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        shape.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(tensor->ne[i]));
+    }
+
+    ov::element::Type element_type;
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        element_type = ov::element::f32;
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+        element_type = ov::element::f16;
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+        element_type = ov::element::bf16;
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+        element_type = ov::element::i32;
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_I64:
+        element_type = ov::element::i64;
+        break;
+    default:
+        // GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: unsupported tensor type for ov::Tensor: %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(tensor->type));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const auto & device_name = ggml_openvino_get_device_name();
+    auto remote_context = ggml_openvino_get_remote_context();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Tensor> ov_tensor;
+    if (is_remote) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(device_name == "GPU");
+        auto gpu_context = remote_context->as<ov::intel_gpu::ocl::ClContext>();
+        auto usm_tensor = gpu_context.create_tensor(element_type, shape, tensor->data);
+        ov_tensor = std::make_shared<ov::intel_gpu::ocl::USMTensor>(std::move(usm_tensor));
+    } else {
+        ov_tensor = std::make_shared<ov::Tensor>(element_type, shape, tensor->data);
+    }
+
+    return new ggml_openvino_tensor_extra(ov_tensor);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino-extra.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino-extra.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd0baf4a681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino-extra.h
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "openvino/runtime/core.hpp"
+
+#define CL_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION 300
+#include <CL/cl.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/remote_context.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/tensor.hpp>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+
+// ExtraQuantType enum - defines requantization target formats
+enum class ExtraQuantType { F16, Q4_0_C, Q8_1_C, Q4_0_128, Q8_0_C, Q8_0_32 };
+
+ov::Core & ov_singleton_core();
+
+// Get the remote context for the current device (returns empty optional for CPU)
+std::optional<ov::RemoteContext> ggml_openvino_get_remote_context();
+
+// Get the compile config for the current device
+const ov::AnyMap & ggml_openvino_get_compile_config();
+
+// Get the OpenCL command queue for GPU operations (returns nullptr for CPU/NPU)
+cl_command_queue ggml_openvino_get_cl_queue();
+
+// Intel USM extension function type
+typedef cl_int(CL_API_CALL * clEnqueueMemFillINTEL_fn)(cl_command_queue queue,
+                                                       void * dst_ptr,
+                                                       const void * pattern,
+                                                       size_t pattern_size,
+                                                       size_t size,
+                                                       cl_uint num_events_in_wait_list,
+                                                       const cl_event * event_wait_list,
+                                                       cl_event * event);
+
+typedef cl_int(CL_API_CALL * clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL_fn)(cl_command_queue queue,
+                                                      cl_bool blocking,
+                                                      void * dst_ptr,
+                                                      const void * src_ptr,
+                                                      size_t size,
+                                                      cl_uint num_events_in_wait_list,
+                                                      const cl_event * event_wait_list,
+                                                      cl_event * event);
+
+// Get the clEnqueueMemFillINTEL function pointer (returns nullptr if not available)
+clEnqueueMemFillINTEL_fn ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemFillINTEL();
+
+// Get the clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL function pointer (returns nullptr if not available)
+clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL_fn ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL();
+
+// =====================================================
+// Global Device Configuration (singleton)
+// =====================================================
+// Initialized once during backend init from GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE env var
+
+struct ggml_openvino_device_config {
+    std::string device_name = "CPU";
+    bool is_npu = false;
+    bool initialized = false;
+    std::optional<ov::RemoteContext> remote_context;
+    ov::AnyMap compile_config;
+    cl_command_queue cl_queue = nullptr;
+
+    void init();
+    ~ggml_openvino_device_config();
+};
+
+// Get the global device config singleton
+ggml_openvino_device_config & ggml_openvino_get_device_config();
+
+// Initialize device config (call during backend init)
+void ggml_openvino_init_device_config();
+
+// Get the device name
+const std::string & ggml_openvino_get_device_name();
+
+// Check if running on NPU
+bool ggml_openvino_is_npu();
+
+// Get requantization type for a tensor type (returns nullopt if no requant needed)
+std::optional<ExtraQuantType> ggml_openvino_get_requant_type(const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool no_requant = false);
+
+// =====================================================
+// OpenVINO Tensor Extra Types
+// =====================================================
+// These types are stored in tensor->extra by the OpenVINO backend buffer.
+// They allow:
+// 1. Pre-built ov::Constant nodes for weights (avoiding memcpy during graph construction)
+// 2. ov::Tensor wrappers for KV cache / compute tensors (for direct use with infer_request)
+
+// Base class for OpenVINO tensor extra data
+struct ggml_openvino_extra_base {
+    enum class Type { WEIGHT, QUANTIZED_WEIGHT, TENSOR };
+    Type type;
+    virtual ~ggml_openvino_extra_base() = default;
+protected:
+    explicit ggml_openvino_extra_base(Type t) : type(t) {}
+};
+
+// Extra data for F16/F32/BF16 weight tensors - stores the pre-built weight node
+struct ggml_openvino_weight_extra : public ggml_openvino_extra_base {
+    ov::Tensor weights;                     // The underlying weight data tensor
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> weight_node;  // Pre-built OpenVINO weight node
+
+    ggml_openvino_weight_extra(ov::Tensor w, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> n) :
+        ggml_openvino_extra_base(Type::WEIGHT),
+        weights(std::move(w)),
+        weight_node(std::move(n)) {}
+};
+
+// Extra data for quantized weight tensors - stores extracted weights/scales/zp and weight node
+struct ggml_openvino_quantized_weight_extra : public ggml_openvino_extra_base {
+    ov::Tensor weights;   // U4 or U8 extracted weights
+    ov::Tensor scales;    // F16 scales
+    ov::Tensor zp;        // U4 or U8 zero points (same type as weights)
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> weight_node;  // Pre-built OpenVINO weight subgraph
+
+    ggml_openvino_quantized_weight_extra(ov::Tensor w, ov::Tensor s, ov::Tensor z, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> n) :
+        ggml_openvino_extra_base(Type::QUANTIZED_WEIGHT),
+        weights(std::move(w)),
+        scales(std::move(s)),
+        zp(std::move(z)),
+        weight_node(std::move(n)) {}
+};
+
+// Extra data for KV cache / compute tensors - stores ov::Tensor for infer_request
+struct ggml_openvino_tensor_extra : public ggml_openvino_extra_base {
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Tensor> tensor;  // For direct use with infer_request
+
+    explicit ggml_openvino_tensor_extra(std::shared_ptr<ov::Tensor> t)
+        : ggml_openvino_extra_base(Type::TENSOR), tensor(std::move(t)) {}
+};
+
+// =====================================================
+// Extracted Size Calculation for Quantized Tensors
+// =====================================================
+// For quantized tensors, we need extra space to store extracted weights, scales, and zero points.
+// Returns the total size needed in the buffer for extracted data.
+
+struct ggml_openvino_extracted_layout {
+    size_t total_size = 0;      // Total bytes needed
+    size_t weights_offset = 0;  // Offset to weights in buffer
+    size_t weights_size = 0;    // Size of weights in bytes
+    size_t scales_offset = 0;   // Offset to scales in buffer
+    size_t scales_size = 0;     // Size of scales in bytes
+    size_t zp_offset = 0;       // Offset to zero points in buffer
+    size_t zp_size = 0;         // Size of zero points in bytes (U4 or U8)
+    bool is_u4;                 // true for U4 weights, false for U8
+    int64_t weights_per_block;  // weights per scale/zp block
+    bool is_symmetric;        // true for symmetric quantization
+
+    // Requantization info
+    bool is_requant = false;                      // true if this tensor needs requantization
+    std::optional<ExtraQuantType> requant_type;   // target requant type if is_requant
+};
+
+// Calculate the buffer layout for extracted quantized data
+ggml_openvino_extracted_layout ggml_openvino_get_extracted_layout(const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool use_bias = false);
+
+ggml_openvino_tensor_extra * ggml_openvino_create_tensor_extra(const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool is_remote);
+
+// Register an extra with the tensor's OpenVINO buffer context for proper lifetime management.
+// This sets tensor->extra and tracks the extra in the buffer context for cleanup.
+void ggml_openvino_buffer_register_extra(ggml_tensor * tensor, ggml_openvino_extra_base * extra);
+
+// =====================================================
+// OpenVINO Backend Context and Interface
+// =====================================================
+struct ggml_backend_openvino_context {
+    int device = 0;
+    std::string name = "OpenVINO";
+    std::string description = "OpenVINO Backend Context";
+
+    std::shared_ptr<void> runtime_context = nullptr;
+
+    ggml_backend_openvino_context() = default;
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0031cb7369f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1110 @@
+#include "ggml-openvino.h"
+
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-openvino-extra.h"
+#include "ggml-openvino/utils.h"
+#include "ggml-quants.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <openvino/core/type/element_type.hpp>
+#include <openvino/openvino.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/allocator.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/intel_gpu/ocl/ocl.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/intel_npu/level_zero/level_zero.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/tensor.hpp>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#    define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#    ifndef NOMINMAX
+#        define NOMINMAX
+#    endif
+#    include <windows.h>
+#else
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+// =====================================================
+// OpenVINO Buffer Implementation using ov::Tensor
+// =====================================================
+//
+// Design: This implementation uses a hybrid approach:
+// 1. For weight tensors: Store a pre-built ov::op::v0::Constant in tensor->extra
+//    - This avoids the memcpy during graph construction
+//    - For quantized weights, the constant is already converted to OpenVINO format
+// 2. For KV cache / compute tensors: Store an ov::Tensor in tensor->extra
+//    - This can be directly passed to infer_request
+//    - Future: can be changed to ov::RemoteTensor for GPU/NPU
+//
+// This design is similar to:
+// - CUDA split buffer: tensor->extra stores device pointers
+// - CPU repack buffer: tensor->extra stores tensor_traits with repacked data
+// =====================================================
+
+// Buffer context that manages per-tensor allocations (no contiguous buffer for weights)
+struct ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context {
+    int device;
+    std::string name;
+    size_t id;
+
+    // For non-weight buffers (KV cache, compute), we still use contiguous allocation
+    void * data;
+    size_t size;
+    bool is_remote;
+
+    // Wrapping of the buffer
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Tensor> ov_buffer;
+
+    // Track all extras for cleanup
+    std::map<ggml_tensor *, ggml_openvino_extra_base *> tensor_extras;
+
+    // Used for re-allocation on device for kvcache
+    void * data_prev;
+
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context(int device, size_t size, bool is_remote = false) :
+        device(device),
+        name(std::string(GGML_OPENVINO_NAME) + std::to_string(device)),
+        id([]() {
+            static std::atomic<size_t> next_id{1};
+            return next_id.fetch_add(1);
+        }()),
+        data(nullptr),
+        size(size),
+        is_remote(is_remote) {
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto & device_name = ggml_openvino_get_device_name();
+
+        if (is_remote) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(device_name == "GPU");
+            auto remote_context = ggml_openvino_get_remote_context();
+            auto gpu_context = remote_context->as<ov::intel_gpu::ocl::ClContext>();
+            ov::intel_gpu::ocl::USMTensor usm_tensor =
+                gpu_context.create_usm_device_tensor(ov::element::u8, ov::Shape{size});
+            data = usm_tensor.get();
+            ov_buffer = std::make_shared<ov::intel_gpu::ocl::USMTensor>(std::move(usm_tensor));
+        } else {
+            data = ggml_aligned_malloc(size);
+            ov_buffer = std::make_shared<ov::Tensor>(ov::element::u8, ov::Shape{size}, data);
+        }
+
+        if (data == nullptr) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, size);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data) % TENSOR_ALIGNMENT != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: %s buffer is not aligned to %d bytes\n", __func__, device_name.c_str(),
+                           TENSOR_ALIGNMENT);
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context() {
+        // Clean up all tensor extras
+        // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Deleting OpenVINO buffer context #%zu for device %d, size %zu MB\n", id, device,
+        //                size / 1024 / 1024);
+        for (auto & pair : tensor_extras) {
+            delete pair.second;
+        }
+        tensor_extras.clear();
+        if (!is_remote && data != nullptr) {
+            ggml_aligned_free(data, size);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// Buffer type context (per-device)
+struct ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context {
+    int device;
+    std::string name;
+};
+
+// Buffer interface functions
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    return ctx->data;
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: buffer usage=%d, tensor name=%s\n", __func__, buffer->usage, tensor->name);
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    // Put kvcache on device memory for GPU (NPU memory is too small even for kvcache)
+    if (strncmp(tensor->name, "cache_", 6) == 0 && !ctx->is_remote && ggml_openvino_get_device_name() == "GPU" &&
+        !getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION")) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->tensor_extras.empty());
+        auto device = ctx->device;
+        auto size = ctx->size;
+        auto * data_prev = ctx->data;
+        delete ctx;
+        ctx = new ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context(device, size, true);
+        buffer->context = ctx;
+        tensor->data = (char *) ctx->data + ((char *) tensor->data - (char *) data_prev);
+    }
+
+    // Views share the extra from view_src
+    if (tensor->view_src != nullptr) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer->buft == buffer->buft);
+        if (tensor->view_src->extra != nullptr) {
+            tensor->extra = tensor->view_src->extra;
+        }
+        return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    if (tensor->data != nullptr && !ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
+        ggml_openvino_tensor_extra * extra = ggml_openvino_create_tensor_extra(tensor, ctx->is_remote);
+        if (extra != nullptr) {
+            auto it = ctx->tensor_extras.find(tensor);
+            if (it != ctx->tensor_extras.end()) {
+                delete it->second;
+            }
+            ctx->tensor_extras[tensor] = extra;
+            tensor->extra = extra;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                       ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                                       uint8_t value,
+                                                       size_t offset,
+                                                       size_t size) {
+    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: buffer usage=%d, tensor name=%s\n", __func__, buffer->usage, tensor->name);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor != nullptr && tensor->data != nullptr);
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    if (ctx->is_remote) {
+        // For remote (device) buffers, use OpenCL USM memfill
+        cl_command_queue queue = ggml_openvino_get_cl_queue();
+        auto mem_fill_fn = ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemFillINTEL();
+        if (queue != nullptr && mem_fill_fn != nullptr) {
+            uint8_t pattern = value;
+            cl_int err = mem_fill_fn(queue, (char *) tensor->data + offset, &pattern, sizeof(pattern), size, 0, nullptr,
+                                     nullptr);
+            if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: clEnqueueMemFillINTEL failed with error %d\n", __func__, err);
+            }
+            clFinish(queue);
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: no OpenCL queue or clEnqueueMemFillINTEL not available for GPU buffer\n", __func__);
+        }
+    } else {
+        memset((char *) tensor->data + offset, value, size);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                    ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                                    const void * data,
+                                                    size_t offset,
+                                                    size_t size) {
+    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: buffer usage=%d, tensor name=%s\n", __func__, buffer->usage, tensor->name);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor != nullptr && tensor->data != nullptr);
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    // Check if this is a weight buffer (usage is set BEFORE set_tensor is called, except in test-backend-ops)
+    bool is_weight_buffer = (buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS);
+    // Full tensor set: offset=0, full size, not a view
+    bool is_full_tensor_set = (offset == 0 && size == ggml_nbytes(tensor) && tensor->view_src == nullptr);
+    // 2D tensor (typical weight shape)
+    bool is_2d = (tensor->ne[2] == 1 && tensor->ne[3] == 1);
+
+    if (is_weight_buffer && is_full_tensor_set && is_2d) {
+        try {
+            auto result = process_weight_tensor(tensor, data, tensor->data);
+            result.weight_node->set_friendly_name(tensor->name);
+
+            // const auto & layout = result.layout;
+            ggml_openvino_extra_base * extra;
+
+            // Quantized path with extracted weight/scale/zp tensors
+            if (result.is_quantized()) {
+                extra = new ggml_openvino_quantized_weight_extra(std::move(result.weights), std::move(result.scales),
+                                                                 std::move(result.zp), result.weight_node);
+
+                // if (layout.is_requant) {
+                //     GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: requantized %s to %s (u%d, block_size=%ld)\n", __func__, tensor->name,
+                //                    extra_quant_type_name(layout.requant_type.value()), layout.is_u4 ? 4 : 8,
+                //                    layout.weights_per_block);
+                // } else {
+                //     int64_t n_blocks = ggml_nelements(tensor) / layout.weights_per_block;
+                //     GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: extracted quantized weight node for %s (u%d, %zu weights, %ld blocks)\n",
+                //                    __func__, tensor->name, layout.is_u4 ? 4 : 8, layout.weights_size, n_blocks);
+                // }
+            } else {
+                // F16/F32/BF16 weight or F16-requant
+                extra = new ggml_openvino_weight_extra(std::move(result.weights), result.weight_node);
+
+                // if (layout.total_size > 0) {
+                //     GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: requantized %s to F16\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+                // } else {
+                //     GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: created shared-memory weight node for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+                // }
+            }
+
+            ctx->tensor_extras[tensor] = extra;
+            tensor->extra = extra;
+
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to process weight tensor for %s: %s\n", __func__, tensor->name, e.what());
+            memcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Non-weight tensor (KV cache, activations, etc.) - copy data. test-backend-ops also goes here
+        if (ctx->is_remote) {
+            cl_command_queue queue = ggml_openvino_get_cl_queue();
+            auto mem_cpy_fn = ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL();
+            if (queue != nullptr && mem_cpy_fn != nullptr) {
+                cl_int err =
+                    mem_cpy_fn(queue, CL_TRUE, (char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+                if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL failed with error %d\n", __func__, err);
+                }
+            } else {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: no OpenCL queue or clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL not available for GPU buffer\n", __func__);
+            }
+        } else {
+            memcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size);
+        }
+
+        ggml_openvino_tensor_extra * extra = ggml_openvino_create_tensor_extra(tensor, ctx->is_remote);
+        if (extra == nullptr) {
+            // GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to create tensor extra for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto it = ctx->tensor_extras.find(tensor);
+        if (it != ctx->tensor_extras.end()) {
+            delete it->second;
+        }
+        ctx->tensor_extras[tensor] = extra;
+        tensor->extra = extra;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                    const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                                    void * data,
+                                                    size_t offset,
+                                                    size_t size) {
+    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: buffer usage=%d, tensor name=%s\n", __func__, buffer->usage, tensor->name);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor != nullptr && tensor->data != nullptr);
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    if (ctx->is_remote) {
+        // For remote (device) buffers, use OpenCL USM memcpy (device-to-host)
+        cl_command_queue queue = ggml_openvino_get_cl_queue();
+        auto mem_cpy_fn = ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL();
+        if (queue != nullptr && mem_cpy_fn != nullptr) {
+            cl_int err =
+                mem_cpy_fn(queue, CL_TRUE, data, (const char *) tensor->data + offset, size, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+            if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL failed with error %d\n", __func__, err);
+            }
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: no OpenCL queue or clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL not available for GPU buffer\n", __func__);
+        }
+    } else {
+        memcpy(data, (const char *) tensor->data + offset, size);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                    const ggml_tensor * src,
+                                                    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: src tensor name=%s, dst tensor name=%s\n", __func__, src->name, dst->name);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src != nullptr && dst != nullptr);
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    if (ctx->is_remote) {
+        // For remote (device) buffers, use OpenCL USM memcpy
+        cl_command_queue queue = ggml_openvino_get_cl_queue();
+        auto mem_cpy_fn = ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL();
+        if (queue == nullptr || mem_cpy_fn == nullptr) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: no OpenCL queue or clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL not available for GPU buffer\n", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Can copy from host to device
+        if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
+            cl_int err = mem_cpy_fn(queue, CL_TRUE, dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src), 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+            if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL (host-to-device) failed with error %d\n", __func__, err);
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Can also copy from device to device if both are OpenVINO remote buffers
+        if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_openvino(src->buffer)) {
+            ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * src_ctx =
+                (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) src->buffer->context;
+            if (src_ctx->is_remote) {
+                cl_int err =
+                    mem_cpy_fn(queue, CL_TRUE, dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src), 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+                if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: clEnqueueMemcpyINTEL (device-to-device) failed with error %d\n", __func__,
+                                   err);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Host buffer - can copy from any host buffer
+    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
+        memcpy(dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src));
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ctx->data != nullptr);
+    if (ctx->is_remote) {
+        cl_command_queue queue = ggml_openvino_get_cl_queue();
+        auto mem_fill_fn = ggml_openvino_get_clEnqueueMemFillINTEL();
+        if (queue != nullptr && mem_fill_fn != nullptr) {
+            uint8_t pattern = value;
+            cl_int err = mem_fill_fn(queue, ctx->data, &pattern, sizeof(pattern), ctx->size, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+            if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
+                GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: clEnqueueMemFillINTEL failed with error %d\n", __func__, err);
+            }
+            clFinish(queue);
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: no OpenCL queue or clEnqueueMemFillINTEL not available for GPU buffer clear\n",
+                          __func__);
+        }
+    } else {
+        memset(ctx->data, value, ctx->size);
+    }
+}
+
+static const ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_interface = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_init_tensor,
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_memset_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
+};
+
+// Buffer type interface functions
+static const char * ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
+    return ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                                            size_t size) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
+
+    // Create buffer context with contiguous memory allocation
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context(buft_ctx->device, size);
+
+    if (ctx->data == nullptr && size > 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate buffer of size %zu\n", __func__, size);
+        delete ctx;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_interface, ctx, size);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+    return TENSOR_ALIGNMENT;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+    return SIZE_MAX;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                               const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+
+    // For quantized 2D tensors (weights), we need extra space for extracted data
+    if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type) && tensor->ne[2] == 1 && tensor->ne[3] == 1) {
+        ggml_openvino_extracted_layout layout = ggml_openvino_get_extracted_layout(tensor);
+        if (layout.total_size > 0) {
+            // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: tensor %s needs %zu bytes (original %zu, extracted: weights=%zu scales=%zu zp=%zu)\n",
+            //                __func__, tensor->name, layout.total_size, ggml_nbytes(tensor), layout.weights_size,
+            //                layout.scales_size, layout.zp_size);
+            return layout.total_size;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+}
+
+static const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_name,
+    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
+    /* .is_host          = */ nullptr,
+};
+
+// Get buffer type for a specific device
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type(int device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device >= 0 && device < ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count());
+
+    static std::mutex mutex;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type> buffer_types;
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context> buffer_type_contexts;
+
+    if (buffer_types.empty()) {
+        int device_count = ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count();
+        buffer_types.resize(device_count);
+        buffer_type_contexts.resize(device_count);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < device_count; i++) {
+            buffer_type_contexts[i].device = i;
+            buffer_type_contexts[i].name = std::string(GGML_OPENVINO_NAME) + std::to_string(i);
+
+            buffer_types[i] = ggml_backend_buffer_type{
+                /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_interface,
+                /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_openvino_reg(), i),
+                /* .context = */ &buffer_type_contexts[i],
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    return &buffer_types[device];
+}
+
+// =====================================================
+// OpenVINO Host Buffer Implementation
+// =====================================================
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context *) buft->context;
+    static std::string name;
+    name = ctx->name + "_HOST";
+    return name.c_str();
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type_get_name,
+    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
+    /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type_is_host,
+};
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type(int device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device >= 0 && device < ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count());
+
+    static std::mutex mutex;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type> buffer_types;
+    static std::vector<ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_context> buffer_type_contexts;
+
+    if (buffer_types.empty()) {
+        int device_count = ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count();
+        buffer_types.resize(device_count);
+        buffer_type_contexts.resize(device_count);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < device_count; i++) {
+            buffer_type_contexts[i].device = i;
+            buffer_type_contexts[i].name = std::string(GGML_OPENVINO_NAME) + std::to_string(i);
+
+            buffer_types[i] = ggml_backend_buffer_type{
+                /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type_interface,
+                /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_openvino_reg(), i),
+                /* .context = */ &buffer_type_contexts[i],
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    return &buffer_types[device];
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_openvino(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    return buffer->iface.free_buffer == ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_free_buffer;
+}
+
+size_t ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_ctx_id(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    if (!ggml_backend_buffer_is_openvino(buffer)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    return ctx->id;
+}
+
+void ggml_openvino_buffer_register_extra(ggml_tensor * tensor, ggml_openvino_extra_base * extra) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor->buffer != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_openvino(tensor->buffer));
+
+    auto * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *>(tensor->buffer->context);
+
+    auto it = ctx->tensor_extras.find(tensor);
+    if (it != ctx->tensor_extras.end()) {
+        delete it->second;
+    }
+
+    ctx->tensor_extras[tensor] = extra;
+    tensor->extra = extra;
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_buft_is_openvino(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type_get_name;
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_buft_is_openvino_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type_get_name;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_context *) backend->context;
+    delete ctx;
+    delete backend;
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_openvino_get_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return GGML_OPENVINO_NAME;
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_openvino_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    return ov_graph_compute(cgraph, backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+}
+
+static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_openvino_interface = {
+    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_openvino_get_name,
+    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_openvino_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_openvino_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
+};
+
+int ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_openvino_guid(void) {
+    static ggml_guid guid = {0x12, 0xa8, 0xae, 0xf4, 0xc0, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x97,
+                             0x8f, 0xeb, 0x33, 0x04, 0xa1, 0x33, 0x51, 0x2d};
+    return &guid;
+}
+
+static std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> get_ov_runtime_context_ptr() {
+    static std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx = std::make_shared<ov_runtime_context>();
+    return r_ctx;
+}
+
+// backend API
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_openvino_init(int device) {
+    if (device < 0 || device >= ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count()) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid device %d\n", __func__, device);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_openvino_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_openvino_context;
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ctx->runtime_context = get_ov_runtime_context_ptr();
+    if (ctx->runtime_context == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate runtime context\n", __func__);
+        delete ctx;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx = std::static_pointer_cast<ov_runtime_context>(ctx->runtime_context);
+    r_ctx->device = ggml_openvino_get_device_name();
+    r_ctx->stateful = getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION") && !ggml_openvino_is_npu();
+
+    ggml_backend_t openvino_backend = new ggml_backend{
+        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_openvino_guid(),
+        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_openvino_interface,
+        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_openvino_reg(), device),
+        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+    };
+
+    return openvino_backend;
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_openvino(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_openvino_guid());
+}
+
+struct ggml_backend_openvino_device_context {
+    int device;
+    std::string name;
+    std::string description;
+};
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_device_context *) dev->context;
+    return ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_device_context *) dev->context;
+    return ctx->description.c_str();
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    MEMORYSTATUSEX status;
+    status.dwLength = sizeof(status);
+    GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&status);
+    *total = status.ullTotalPhys;
+    *free = status.ullAvailPhys;
+#else
+    long pages = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+    long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
+    *total = pages * page_size;
+
+    // "free" system memory is ill-defined, for practical purposes assume that all of it is free:
+    *free = *total;
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name = ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type = ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_type(dev);
+    ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+
+    props->caps = {
+        /* .async                 = */ false,
+        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
+        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
+        /* .events                = */ false,
+    };
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_openvino_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
+    ggml_backend_openvino_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_device_context *) dev->context;
+    return ggml_backend_openvino_init(ctx->device);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_device_context *) dev->context;
+    return ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_type(ctx->device);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_host_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_device_context *) dev->context;
+    return ggml_backend_openvino_host_buffer_type(ctx->device);
+}
+
+static bool has_view_op_input(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (op->src[i] == nullptr) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (op->src[i]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool is_supported_flash_attn_pattern(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    // pattern of q,k,v should be q->op==PERMUTE, q->src[0]->op==VIEW, q->src[0]->src[0]->view_src==nullptr
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        const ggml_tensor * src = op->src[i];
+        if (src->op != GGML_OP_PERMUTE || src->src[0] == nullptr || src->src[0]->op != GGML_OP_VIEW ||
+            src->src[0]->src[0] == nullptr || src->src[0]->src[0]->view_src != nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool is_op_unsupported_case(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    switch (op->op) {
+    case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+    case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS: {
+        if (op->ne[3] != 1) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_ADD:
+    case GGML_OP_MUL: {
+        if (op->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            if (op->src[0]->ne[i] != op->src[1]->ne[i] && (op->src[0]->ne[i] != 1 && op->src[1]->ne[i] != 1)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX: {
+        if (op->src[2] != nullptr) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support SOFT_MAX with sinks\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        float scale = 1.0f;
+        float max_bias = 0.0f;
+        const auto * op_params = op->op_params;
+        memcpy(&scale, (const float *) op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+        memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+        if (max_bias > 0) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support SOFT_MAX with max_bias > 0\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT: {
+        if (op->src[4] != nullptr) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support FLASH_ATTN_EXT with sinks\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!is_supported_flash_attn_pattern(op)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        float scale = 1.0f;
+        float max_bias = 0.0f;
+        float logit_softcap = 0.0f;
+        const auto * op_params = op->op_params;
+        memcpy(&scale, (const float *) op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+        memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+        memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+        if (max_bias > 0) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support FLASH_ATTN_EXT with max_bias > 0\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (logit_softcap != 0) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support FLASH_ATTN_EXT with logit_softcap != 0\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_PERMUTE: {
+        if (op->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+            // err msg: [GPU] Could not find a suitable kernel for transpose
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support PERMUTE with BF16 type\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_CPY: {
+        if (op->src[1] != op) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend only supports CPY that is a cast\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT: {
+        if (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            // Has accuracy issue, try enabling this and see `test-backend-ops -o "MUL_MAT"`
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support MUL_MAT with two F16 tensors\n");
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (op->src[0]->ne[3] != op->src[1]->ne[3] && op->src[0]->ne[3] != 1 && op->src[1]->ne[3] != 1) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (op->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || op->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (ggml_is_quantized(op->src[0]->type) && op->src[0]->ne[1] == 1) {
+            // MUL_MAT(type_a=q4_0,type_b=f32,m=1,n=2048,k=8192,bs=[1,1],nr=[1,1],per=[0,1,2,3],k_v=0,o=1)
+            // triggers a bug in ov matmul_shape_inference.hpp
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (op->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && op->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
+        const int32_t * op_params = op->op_params;
+        const int n_dims = op_params[1];
+        const int mode = op_params[2];
+        if (mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with mode %d\n", mode);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (n_dims != 0.0f && n_dims != op->src[0]->ne[0]) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with n_dims %d != src[0]->ne[0] %ld\n", n_dims,
+            //               op->src[0]->ne[0]);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with type %s\n", ggml_type_name(op->type));
+            return true;
+        }
+        float freq_scale;
+        float ext_factor;
+        memcpy(&freq_scale, op_params + 6, sizeof(float));
+        memcpy(&ext_factor, op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
+        if (ext_factor != 0.0f) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with ext_factor %f != 0.0f\n", ext_factor);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (op->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            if (op->src[0]->view_src->ne[1] != op->src[0]->ne[2]) {
+                // GGML_LOG_WARN(
+                //     "OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with src[0]->view_src->ne[1] %ld != src[0]->ne[2] "
+                //     "%ld\n",
+                //     op->src[0]->view_src->ne[1], op->src[0]->ne[2]);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    if (op->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
+        if (op->ne[0] == 256 && (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_K)) {
+            // ERR = 0.000000306 > 0.000000100   GET_ROWS(type=q4_K,n=256,m=5,r=4,be1=1,be2=1,v=0)
+            // ERR = 0.000000197 > 0.000000100   GET_ROWS(type=q5_K,n=256,m=5,r=4,be1=1,be2=1,v=0)
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_openvino_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dev->reg != nullptr);
+
+    static std::set<ggml_type> supported_types{GGML_TYPE_F32,  GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_BF16, GGML_TYPE_I64,
+                                               GGML_TYPE_I32,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_K,
+                                               GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q6_K};
+
+    static const std::set<ggml_op> supported_ops{GGML_OP_NONE, GGML_OP_ADD, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT, GGML_OP_VIEW,
+                                                 /*GGML_OP_CONT,*/ GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_PERMUTE, GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE,
+                                                 GGML_OP_GET_ROWS, GGML_OP_ROPE, GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_SCALE,
+                                                 // softmax is not updated due to replaced by flash_attn_ext
+                                                 // GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX,
+                                                 GGML_OP_SET_ROWS, GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT, GGML_OP_CPY};
+    static const std::set<ggml_unary_op> supported_unary_ops{
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU,
+    };
+    static const std::set<ggml_glu_op> supported_glu_ops{
+        GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU,
+        GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU,
+    };
+
+    switch (op->op) {
+    case GGML_OP_UNARY: {
+        auto supported = supported_unary_ops.find(ggml_get_unary_op(op)) != supported_unary_ops.end();
+        if (!supported) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support unary op %s\n", ggml_unary_op_name(ggml_get_unary_op(op)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (has_view_op_input(op)) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support unary op %s with view input\n",
+            //               ggml_unary_op_name(ggml_get_unary_op(op)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case GGML_OP_GLU: {
+        auto supported = supported_glu_ops.find(ggml_get_glu_op(op)) != supported_glu_ops.end();
+        if (!supported) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support GLU op %s\n", ggml_glu_op_name(ggml_get_glu_op(op)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (has_view_op_input(op)) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support unary op %s with view input\n",
+            //               ggml_glu_op_name(ggml_get_glu_op(op)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (op->src[1] == nullptr && op->src[0]->ne[0] % 2 != 0) {
+            // triggers bug in ov gpu
+            return false;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    default: {
+        auto supported = supported_ops.find(op->op) != supported_ops.end();
+        if (!supported) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support op %s\n", ggml_op_name(op->op));
+            return false;
+        }
+        static std::set<ggml_op> ops_not_support_view_input{
+            GGML_OP_GET_ROWS,
+            GGML_OP_RMS_NORM,
+        };
+        if (ops_not_support_view_input.find(op->op) != ops_not_support_view_input.end() && has_view_op_input(op)) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support op %s with view input\n", ggml_op_name(op->op));
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+    if (supported_types.find(op->type) == supported_types.end()) {
+        // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support tensor type %s\n", ggml_type_name(op->type));
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        auto * src = op->src[i];
+        if (src == nullptr) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (supported_types.find(src->type) == supported_types.end()) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support tensor type %s\n", ggml_type_name(src->type));
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (ggml_is_quantized(src->type) && src->ne[2] != 1) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support 3D quantized tensors\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (is_op_unsupported_case(op)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_openvino_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return ggml_backend_buft_is_openvino(buft) || ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_openvino_device_interface = {
+    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_init,
+    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_get_host_buffer_type,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ NULL,
+    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
+};
+
+struct ggml_backend_openvino_reg_context {
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
+};
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_openvino_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return GGML_OPENVINO_NAME;
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_openvino_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+    return (size_t) ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_openvino_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_reg_context *) reg->context;
+    GGML_ASSERT(index < ctx->devices.size());
+    return ctx->devices[index];
+}
+
+static const struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_openvino_reg_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_openvino_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_openvino_reg_get_device_count,
+    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_openvino_reg_get_device,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ NULL,
+};
+
+static void ggml_openvino_init() {
+    // Initialize device config singleton from env var
+    ggml_openvino_init_device_config();
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("OpenVINO: using device %s\n", ggml_openvino_get_device_name().c_str());
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_openvino_reg(void) {
+    static ggml_backend_reg reg;
+
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    {
+        static std::mutex mutex;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        if (!initialized) {
+            ggml_openvino_init();
+
+            ggml_backend_openvino_reg_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_openvino_reg_context;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < ggml_backend_openvino_get_device_count(); i++) {
+                ggml_backend_openvino_device_context * dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_openvino_device_context;
+                dev_ctx->device = i;
+                dev_ctx->name = GGML_OPENVINO_NAME + std::to_string(i);
+
+                dev_ctx->description = ov::get_openvino_version().description;
+
+                ggml_backend_dev_t dev =
+                    new ggml_backend_device{/* .interface = */ ggml_backend_openvino_device_interface,
+                                            /* .reg       = */ &reg,
+                                            /* .context   = */ dev_ctx};
+                ctx->devices.push_back(dev);
+            }
+
+            reg = ggml_backend_reg{/* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+                                   /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_openvino_reg_interface,
+                                   /* .context     = */ ctx};
+        }
+
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    return &reg;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-quants.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-quants.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbf38646ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-quants.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,884 @@
+#include "ggml-quants.h"
+
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/except.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/parallel.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/shape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/type/element_type.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/type/element_type_traits.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/type/float16.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/subtract.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/util/attr_types.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/tensor.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+void unpack_32_4(const uint8_t * data, uint8_t * dst) {
+    std::fill_n(dst, 16, 0);
+    for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
+        uint8_t x = (data[j] & 0x0F);
+        uint8_t y = (data[j] >> 4);
+        if (j % 2 != 0) {
+            x <<= 4;
+            y <<= 4;
+        }
+        dst[j / 2] |= x;
+        dst[8 + j / 2] |= y;  // Last 16 weights are in the higher bits
+    }
+}
+
+// Extracts (weight, scales, zp) from Q4_0 tensors.
+// Data layout is: |16 bit scale|32 x 4bit weights|.
+void extract_q4_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr) {
+    const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 18;  // 2 bytes scale, 32x0.5 byte weights
+
+    auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+
+    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+
+    // For Q4_0, zero point is always 8
+    if (is_scalar_zp) {
+        zp[0] = 8 | (8 << 4);  // Pack two 4-bit values
+    }
+
+    ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+        scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block)));
+        // For asymmetric quantization, compute per-block zero points
+        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            // Pack two 4-bit zero points per byte
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                zp[i / 2] = 8;          // Lower nibble
+            } else {
+                zp[i / 2] |= (8 << 4);  // Upper nibble
+            }
+        }
+        unpack_32_4(data + i * bytes_per_block + 2, weights + i * 16);
+    });
+}
+
+// Extracts (weight, scales, zp) from Q4_1 tensors.
+// Data layout is: |16 bit scale|16 bit min|32 x 4bit weights|.
+void extract_q4_1_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                       bool use_bias) {
+    const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 20;  // 2 bytes scale, 2 bytes min, 32x0.5 byte weights
+
+    auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+
+    if (use_bias) {
+        // Store bias (min) directly as f16 instead of computing u4 zero points
+        auto * bias = zp_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+        ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+            float scale = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block))));
+            float min = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block + 2))));
+            scales[i] = ov::float16(scale);
+            bias[i] = ov::float16(min);  // bias = min, dequant: w*s + bias
+            unpack_32_4(data + i * bytes_per_block + 4, weights + i * 16);
+        });
+    } else {
+        auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+        ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+            float scale = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block))));
+            float min = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block + 2))));
+            scales[i] = ov::float16(scale);
+            // zp = -min / scale (bias = min, so zp = -bias/scale)
+            uint8_t zp_val = (scale != 0.0f) ? (uint8_t) std::round(-min / scale) : 0;
+            // Pack two 4-bit zero points per byte
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                zp[i / 2] = zp_val & 0x0F;   // Lower nibble
+            } else {
+                zp[i / 2] |= (zp_val << 4);  // Upper nibble
+            }
+            unpack_32_4(data + i * bytes_per_block + 4, weights + i * 16);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+// Extracts (weight, scales, zp) from Q8_0 tensors.
+// Data layout is: |16 bit scale|32 x 8bit weights|.
+void extract_q8_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr) {
+    const uint64_t weights_per_block = 32;
+    const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 34;  // 2 bytes scale, 32x1 byte weights
+
+    auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+
+    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+
+    // For Q8_0, zero point is always 128
+    if (is_scalar_zp) {
+        zp[0] = 128;
+    }
+
+    ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+        uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+        scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*(uint16_t *) block_data);
+        // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
+        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            zp[i] = 128;
+        }
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < weights_per_block; ++j) {
+            uint8_t x = block_data[j + 2];  // j+2 to skip the scale bytes.
+            // Original data is in int8_t, so we add a bias of -128 and invert the first bit.
+            x ^= 1 << 7;
+            weights[i * weights_per_block + j] = x;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void unpack_256_4(const uint8_t * data, uint8_t * dst) {
+    // Initialize the output array with zeros
+    std::fill_n(dst, 128, 0);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
+            uint8_t x = (data[i * 32 + j] & 0x0F);
+            uint8_t y = (data[i * 32 + j] >> 4);
+            if (j % 2 != 0) {
+                x <<= 4;
+                y <<= 4;
+            }
+            dst[i * 32 + j / 2] |= x;
+            dst[i * 32 + 16 + j / 2] |= y;  // Last 16 weights are in the higher bits
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void extract_q4_k_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                       bool use_bias) {
+    const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 2 + 2 + 12 + 128;
+    const uint64_t n_super_block = tensor->nb[3] / bytes_per_block;
+
+    auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+
+    // For bias path, zp_arr holds f16 bias values; for zp path, it holds packed u4 zero points
+    auto * zp_u4 = use_bias ? nullptr : static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+    auto * bias_f16 = use_bias ? zp_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>() : nullptr;
+
+    ov::parallel_for(n_super_block, [&](size_t i) {
+        uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+
+        // Extract scale factors and offsets
+        float scale_scales = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data)));
+        float scale_mins = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data + 1)));
+
+        // Extract qs1 and qs2
+        uint8_t * qs1 = block_data + 4;
+
+        // Calculate scales
+        float scale_vals[8];
+        scale_vals[0] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1) & 0b111111));
+        scale_vals[1] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 1) & 0b111111));
+        scale_vals[2] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 2) & 0b111111));
+        scale_vals[3] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 3) & 0b111111));
+        scale_vals[4] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 8) & 0b00001111) | ((*(qs1) >> 6) << 4));
+        scale_vals[5] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 9) & 0b00001111) | ((*(qs1 + 1) >> 6) << 4));
+        scale_vals[6] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 10) & 0b00001111) | ((*(qs1 + 2) >> 6) << 4));
+        scale_vals[7] = scale_scales * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 11) & 0b00001111) | ((*(qs1 + 3) >> 6) << 4));
+
+        // Calculate min values (bias = -min)
+        float min_vals[8];
+        min_vals[0] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 4) & 0b111111));
+        min_vals[1] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 5) & 0b111111));
+        min_vals[2] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 6) & 0b111111));
+        min_vals[3] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 7) & 0b111111));
+        min_vals[4] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 8) >> 4) | ((*(qs1 + 4) >> 6) << 4));
+        min_vals[5] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 9) >> 4) | ((*(qs1 + 5) >> 6) << 4));
+        min_vals[6] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 10) >> 4) | ((*(qs1 + 6) >> 6) << 4));
+        min_vals[7] = scale_mins * static_cast<float>((*(qs1 + 11) >> 4) | ((*(qs1 + 7) >> 6) << 4));
+
+        // Store scales and compute zero points or bias
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+            scales[i * 8 + j] = ov::float16(scale_vals[j]);
+            if (use_bias) {
+                // Store bias = -min directly as f16, dequant: w*s + bias
+                bias_f16[i * 8 + j] = ov::float16(-min_vals[j]);
+            } else {
+                // zp = min / scale (since bias = -min and zp = -bias/scale)
+                uint8_t zp_val = (scale_vals[j] != 0.0f) ? (uint8_t) std::round(min_vals[j] / scale_vals[j]) : 0;
+                // Pack two 4-bit zero points per byte
+                size_t idx = i * 8 + j;
+                if (idx % 2 == 0) {
+                    zp_u4[idx / 2] = zp_val & 0x0F;
+                } else {
+                    zp_u4[idx / 2] |= (zp_val << 4);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        unpack_256_4(block_data + 16, weights + i * 128);
+    });
+}
+
+void extract_q6_k_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr) {
+    const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 128 + 64 + 16 + 2;
+    const uint64_t n_super_block = tensor->nb[3] / bytes_per_block;
+
+    auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+
+    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+
+    // For Q6_K, zero point is always 32
+    if (is_scalar_zp) {
+        zp[0] = 32;
+    }
+
+    ov::parallel_for(n_super_block, [&](size_t i) {
+        uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+
+        float scale_factor =
+            static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data + 104)));  // (128+64+16)/2
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+            scales[j + i * 16] =
+                ov::float16(scale_factor * static_cast<float>(*((int8_t *) (block_data + 128 + 64 + j))));
+            // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
+            if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+                zp[j + i * 16] = 32;
+            }
+        }
+
+        uint8_t * ql = block_data;
+        uint8_t * qh = block_data + 128;
+
+        for (int64_t j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
+            weights[i * 256 + j] = (ql[j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 0) & 3) << 4);
+            weights[i * 256 + j + 32] = (ql[32 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 2) & 3) << 4);
+            weights[i * 256 + j + 64] = (ql[j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 4) & 3) << 4);
+            weights[i * 256 + j + 96] = (ql[32 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 6) & 3) << 4);
+            weights[i * 256 + j + 128] = (ql[64 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 0) & 3) << 4);
+            weights[i * 256 + j + 160] = (ql[96 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 2) & 3) << 4);
+            weights[i * 256 + j + 192] = (ql[64 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 4) & 3) << 4);
+            weights[i * 256 + j + 224] = (ql[96 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 6) & 3) << 4);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+static inline void get_scale_min_k4(int j, const uint8_t * q, uint8_t * d, uint8_t * m) {
+    if (j < 4) {
+        *d = q[j] & 63;
+        *m = q[j + 4] & 63;
+    } else {
+        *d = (q[j + 4] & 0xF) | ((q[j - 4] >> 6) << 4);
+        *m = (q[j + 4] >> 4) | ((q[j - 0] >> 6) << 4);
+    }
+}
+
+void extract_q5_k_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                       bool use_bias) {
+    const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 4 + 12 + 32 + 128;
+    const uint64_t n_super_block = tensor->nb[3] / bytes_per_block;
+
+    auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+
+    // For bias path, zp_arr holds f16 bias values; for zp path, it holds u8 zero points
+    auto * zp_u8 = use_bias ? nullptr : static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+    auto * bias_f16 = use_bias ? zp_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>() : nullptr;
+
+    ov::parallel_for(n_super_block, [&](size_t i) {
+        uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+
+        const float d = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data)));
+        const float min_factor = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data + 1)));
+
+        const uint8_t * scales_data = block_data + 4;   // 12 bytes of scales
+        const uint8_t * qh = block_data + 4 + 12;       // 32 bytes of high bits
+        const uint8_t * ql = block_data + 4 + 12 + 32;  // 128 bytes of low bits
+
+        int is = 0;
+        uint8_t u1 = 1;
+        uint8_t u2 = 2;
+
+        // Process 2 blocks in one iteration
+        for (int j = 0; j < 256; j += 64) {  // 256 = QK_K, so 4 iterations of 64
+            uint8_t sc;
+            uint8_t m;
+
+            // Get scale and min for first 32 elements
+            get_scale_min_k4(is + 0, scales_data, &sc, &m);
+            const float d1 = d * sc;
+            const float m1 = min_factor * m;
+
+            // Get scale and min for second 32 elements
+            get_scale_min_k4(is + 1, scales_data, &sc, &m);
+            const float d2 = d * sc;
+            const float m2 = min_factor * m;
+
+            scales[i * 8 + is] = ov::float16(d1);
+            scales[i * 8 + is + 1] = ov::float16(d2);
+            if (use_bias) {
+                // Store bias = -min directly as f16, dequant: w*s + bias
+                bias_f16[i * 8 + is] = ov::float16(-m1);
+                bias_f16[i * 8 + is + 1] = ov::float16(-m2);
+            } else {
+                // zp = min / scale (since bias = -min and zp = -bias/scale)
+                zp_u8[i * 8 + is] = (d1 != 0.0f) ? (uint8_t) std::round(m1 / d1) : 0;
+                zp_u8[i * 8 + is + 1] = (d2 != 0.0f) ? (uint8_t) std::round(m2 / d2) : 0;
+            }
+
+            // Extract weights for first 32 elements (matching deq formula exactly)
+            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
+                weights[i * 256 + j + l] = (ql[l] & 0xF) + ((qh[l] & u1) ? 16 : 0);
+            }
+
+            // Extract weights for second 32 elements
+            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
+                weights[i * 256 + j + l + 32] = (ql[l] >> 4) + ((qh[l] & u2) ? 16 : 0);
+            }
+
+            ql += 32;
+            is += 2;
+            u1 <<= 2;
+            u2 <<= 2;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+// TODO Reorder for make_intX_weights
+
+ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int8_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
+                                       ov::Tensor & scales,
+                                       ov::Tensor & zp,
+                                       size_t group_size,
+                                       bool use_bias) {
+    ov::Shape orig_shape = weight.get_shape();
+
+    // Expand dimensions for scales and zp/bias
+    auto scale_shape = scales.get_shape();
+    auto zp_shape = zp.get_shape();
+    bool is_scalar_zp = zp_shape.empty();  // Symmetric quantization
+
+    ov::Shape packed_shape = {orig_shape[0], orig_shape[1] / group_size, group_size};
+
+    if (packed_shape[1] == 1) {
+        // Requantized channel-wise case
+        packed_shape.erase(packed_shape.begin() + 1);
+    } else {
+        scale_shape.push_back(1);
+        scales.set_shape(scale_shape);
+        // For symmetric quantization, zp remains scalar (don't resize)
+        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            zp_shape.push_back(1);
+            zp.set_shape(zp_shape);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create graph nodes
+    auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::u8, packed_shape,
+                                                               static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
+    weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
+    auto scales_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(scales);
+    auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
+
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> result;
+    if (use_bias && !is_scalar_zp) {
+        // Bias path: w * s + b (zp tensor holds f16 bias values)
+        auto bias_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+        auto w_s = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(w_s, bias_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+    } else {
+        // Zero point path: (w - zp) * s
+        auto zero_point = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+        float zp_value;
+        if (ov::op::util::get_single_value(zero_point, zp_value)) {
+            zero_point = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(zero_point->get_element_type(), {}, {zp_value});
+        }
+        auto zero_point_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(zero_point, ov::element::f16);
+        auto w_zp =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(weights_f16, zero_point_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(w_zp, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+    }
+
+    if (packed_shape.size() != 2) {
+        // If not requantized channel-wise case, reshape back to original shape
+        auto final_shape =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{orig_shape.size()}, orig_shape);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(result, final_shape, false);
+    }
+
+    return std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(result, ov::element::f32);
+}
+
+ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int4_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
+                                       ov::Tensor & scales,
+                                       ov::Tensor & zp,
+                                       size_t group_size,
+                                       bool use_bias) {
+    ov::Shape orig_weight_shape = weight.get_shape();
+
+    // Expand dimensions for scales and zp/bias
+    ov::Shape scale_shape = scales.get_shape();
+    auto zp_shape = zp.get_shape();
+    bool is_scalar_zp = zp_shape.empty();  // Symmetric quantization
+
+    // Create INT4 weight tensor
+    ov::Shape packed_shape = {orig_weight_shape[0], orig_weight_shape[1] / group_size, group_size};
+
+    if (packed_shape[1] == 1) {
+        // Requantized channel-wise case
+        packed_shape.erase(packed_shape.begin() + 1);
+    } else {
+        scale_shape.push_back(1);
+        scales.set_shape(scale_shape);
+        // For symmetric quantization, zp remains scalar (don't resize)
+        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            zp_shape.push_back(1);
+            zp.set_shape(zp_shape);
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::u4, packed_shape,
+                                                               static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
+    weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
+    auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
+    auto scales_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(scales);
+
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> result;
+    if (use_bias && !is_scalar_zp) {
+        // Bias path: w * s + b (zp tensor holds f16 bias values)
+        auto bias_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+        auto w_s = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(w_s, bias_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+    } else {
+        // Zero point path: (w - zp) * s
+        auto zero_points_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+        float zp_value;
+        if (ov::op::util::get_single_value(zero_points_node, zp_value)) {
+            zero_points_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(zero_points_node->get_element_type(), {}, {zp_value});
+        }
+        auto zero_points_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(zero_points_node, ov::element::f16);
+        auto w_zp =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(weights_f16, zero_points_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(w_zp, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+    }
+
+    if (packed_shape.size() != 2) {
+        // If not requantized channel-wise case, reshape back to original shape
+        auto final_shape = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{orig_weight_shape.size()},
+                                                                  orig_weight_shape);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(result, final_shape, false);
+    }
+
+    return std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(result, ov::element::f32);
+}
+
+// Extract quantized weights from tensor and create weight subgraph
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> extract_quantized_weights(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                                    const void * data,
+                                                    ov::Tensor & weights,
+                                                    ov::Tensor & scales,
+                                                    ov::Tensor & zp,
+                                                    bool use_bias) {
+    // Create a temporary tensor for extraction functions that read from tensor->data
+    ggml_tensor temp_tensor = *tensor;
+    temp_tensor.data = const_cast<void *>(data);
+
+    // Determine block size based on tensor type
+    int64_t weights_per_block;
+    bool is_u4;
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+        is_u4 = true;
+        weights_per_block = 32;
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        is_u4 = false;
+        weights_per_block = 32;
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        is_u4 = false;
+        weights_per_block = 16;
+        break;
+    default:
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported quantized type for extraction: " +
+                                 std::string(ggml_type_name(tensor->type)));
+    }
+
+    // Extract quantized data
+    switch (tensor->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        extract_q4_0_data(&temp_tensor, weights, scales, zp);
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+        extract_q4_1_data(&temp_tensor, weights, scales, zp, use_bias);
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+        extract_q4_k_data(&temp_tensor, weights, scales, zp, use_bias);
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        extract_q8_0_data(&temp_tensor, weights, scales, zp);
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        extract_q6_k_data(&temp_tensor, weights, scales, zp);
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        extract_q5_k_data(&temp_tensor, weights, scales, zp, use_bias);
+        break;
+    default:
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported quantized type: " + std::string(ggml_type_name(tensor->type)));
+    }
+
+    // Create the OpenVINO weight subgraph
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> weight_node;
+    if (is_u4) {
+        weight_node = make_int4_weights(weights, scales, zp, weights_per_block, use_bias);
+    } else {
+        weight_node = make_int8_weights(weights, scales, zp, weights_per_block, use_bias);
+    }
+
+    auto result = weight_node.get_node_shared_ptr();
+    result->set_friendly_name(tensor->name);
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Requantize weights to target format, writing to provided buffers
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> requantize_to_buffers(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                                const void * data,
+                                                ExtraQuantType requant_type,
+                                                int64_t block_size,
+                                                ov::Tensor & weights,
+                                                ov::Tensor & scales,
+                                                ov::Tensor & zp) {
+    int64_t n_elements = ggml_nelements(tensor);
+
+    // First dequantize to F32
+    std::vector<float> weights_f32(n_elements);
+    ggml_get_type_traits(tensor->type)->to_float(data, weights_f32.data(), n_elements);
+
+    // Handle F16 case - just convert and create constant
+    if (requant_type == ExtraQuantType::F16) {
+        ggml_get_type_traits(GGML_TYPE_F16)->from_float_ref(weights_f32.data(), weights.data(), n_elements);
+        auto result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(weights);
+        result->set_friendly_name(tensor->name);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Requantize to target quantized format
+    bool is_u4 = (requant_type == ExtraQuantType::Q4_0_C || requant_type == ExtraQuantType::Q4_0_128);
+
+    if (is_u4) {
+        quantize_q4_0(weights_f32.data(), weights, scales, zp, n_elements, block_size);
+    } else if (requant_type == ExtraQuantType::Q8_1_C) {
+        quantize_q8_1(weights_f32.data(), weights, scales, zp, n_elements, block_size);
+    } else {
+        quantize_q8_0(weights_f32.data(), weights, scales, zp, n_elements, block_size);
+    }
+
+    // Create the OpenVINO weight subgraph
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> weight_node;
+    if (is_u4) {
+        weight_node = make_int4_weights(weights, scales, zp, block_size);
+    } else {
+        weight_node = make_int8_weights(weights, scales, zp, block_size);
+    }
+
+    auto result = weight_node.get_node_shared_ptr();
+    result->set_friendly_name(tensor->name);
+    return result;
+}
+
+OvWeight process_weight_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, void * output_base_ptr, bool use_bias) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(data != nullptr);
+
+    OvWeight result;
+
+    // Get 2D shape for weights [rows, cols]
+    ov::Shape node_shape = {static_cast<size_t>(tensor->ne[1]), static_cast<size_t>(tensor->ne[0])};
+
+    // Handle F16/F32/BF16 weights
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+        ov::element::Type element_type;
+        switch (tensor->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            element_type = ov::element::f32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            element_type = ov::element::f16;
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            element_type = ov::element::bf16;
+            break;
+        default:
+            OPENVINO_THROW("Unexpected tensor type in F16/F32/BF16 path");
+        }
+
+        if (output_base_ptr && output_base_ptr != data) {
+            // Using external buffer - copy data and create shared-memory constant
+            size_t tensor_bytes = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+            memcpy(output_base_ptr, data, tensor_bytes);
+            result.weights = ov::Tensor(element_type, node_shape, output_base_ptr);
+        } else {
+            result.weights = ov::Tensor(element_type, node_shape, data);
+        }
+        result.weight_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(result.weights);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Handle quantized weights
+    if (!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
+        OPENVINO_THROW("Unsupported weight tensor type: ", ggml_type_name(tensor->type));
+    }
+
+    result.layout = ggml_openvino_get_extracted_layout(tensor, use_bias);
+    const auto & layout = result.layout;
+    if (layout.total_size == 0) {
+        OPENVINO_THROW("Unsupported quantized type: ", ggml_type_name(tensor->type));
+    }
+
+    if (use_bias) {
+        OPENVINO_ASSERT(!layout.is_requant,
+                        "use_bias is only used for test-backend-ops, which should not have requantization");
+        // bias node will be created on the fly and not use backend buffer
+        output_base_ptr = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // F16 requant path - no separate scales/zp needed in result
+    if (layout.is_requant && layout.requant_type.has_value() && layout.requant_type.value() == ExtraQuantType::F16) {
+        if (output_base_ptr) {
+            result.weights = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, node_shape,
+                                        static_cast<uint8_t *>(output_base_ptr) + layout.weights_offset);
+        } else {
+            result.weights = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, node_shape);
+        }
+        ov::Tensor dummy_scales, dummy_zp;  // Not used for F16
+        result.weight_node =
+            requantize_to_buffers(tensor, data, ExtraQuantType::F16, 0, result.weights, dummy_scales, dummy_zp);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Quantized path (normal extraction or quantized requant)
+    // Create weight/scale/zp tensors - shared between both paths
+    ov::element::Type weight_type = layout.is_u4 ? ov::element::u4 : ov::element::u8;
+    ov::Shape scale_shape = {node_shape[0], node_shape[1] / layout.weights_per_block};
+    ov::Shape zp_shape = layout.is_symmetric ? ov::Shape{} : scale_shape;
+
+    if (output_base_ptr) {
+        uint8_t * buf_base = static_cast<uint8_t *>(output_base_ptr);
+        result.weights = ov::Tensor(weight_type, node_shape, buf_base + layout.weights_offset);
+        result.scales = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, scale_shape, buf_base + layout.scales_offset);
+        result.zp = ov::Tensor(weight_type, zp_shape, buf_base + layout.zp_offset);
+    } else {
+        result.weights = ov::Tensor(weight_type, node_shape);
+        result.scales = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, scale_shape);
+        if (use_bias && !layout.is_symmetric) {
+            // bias only has effect for asymmetric quant
+            result.zp = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, zp_shape);
+        } else {
+            result.zp = ov::Tensor(weight_type, zp_shape);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (layout.is_requant && layout.requant_type.has_value()) {
+        result.weight_node = requantize_to_buffers(tensor, data, layout.requant_type.value(), layout.weights_per_block,
+                                                   result.weights, result.scales, result.zp);
+    } else {
+        result.weight_node =
+            extract_quantized_weights(tensor, data, result.weights, result.scales, result.zp, use_bias);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+void quantize_q4_0(const float * x,
+                   ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                   int64_t k,
+                   int64_t qk) {
+    assert(k % qk == 0);
+    const int nb = k / qk;
+
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+
+    // For Q4_0, zero point is always 8
+    if (is_scalar_zp) {
+        zp[0] = 8 | (8 << 4);  // Pack two 4-bit values
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        float amax = 0.0f;  // absolute max
+        float max = 0.0f;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+            const float v = x[i * qk + j];
+            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+                amax = fabsf(v);
+                max = v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const float d = max / -8;
+
+        if (d == 0) {
+            scales[i] = ov::float16(1.0f);
+            // zp is already set to 8 for symmetric, or set per-block for asymmetric
+            if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+                if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                    zp[i / 2] = 8;
+                } else {
+                    zp[i / 2] |= (8 << 4);
+                }
+            }
+            memset(weights + i * qk / 2, 8 | (8 << 4), qk / 2);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const float id = 1.0f / d;
+        scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
+        // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
+        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                zp[i / 2] = 8;
+            } else {
+                zp[i / 2] |= (8 << 4);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; ++j) {
+            const float x0 = x[i * qk + 2 * j] * id;
+            const float x1 = x[i * qk + 2 * j + 1] * id;
+            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t) (x0 + 8.5f));
+            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t) (x1 + 8.5f));
+            weights[i * qk / 2 + j] = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_q8_0(const float * x,
+                   ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                   int64_t k,
+                   int64_t qk) {
+    assert(k % qk == 0);
+    const int nb = k / qk;
+
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+
+    // For Q8_0, zero point is always 128
+    if (is_scalar_zp) {
+        zp[0] = 128;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        float amax = 0.0f;  // absolute max
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+            const float v = x[i * qk + j];
+            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+                amax = fabsf(v);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const float d = amax / 127.0f;
+        const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+        scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
+        // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
+        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            zp[i] = 128;
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; ++j) {
+            const float x0 = x[i * qk + j] * id;
+            const int8_t xi0 = roundf(x0);
+            weights[i * qk + j] = (uint8_t) (xi0 + 128);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_q8_1(const float * x,
+                   ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                   int64_t k,
+                   int64_t qk) {
+    assert(k % qk == 0);
+    const int nb = k / qk;
+
+    auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
+    auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
+    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        float min = std::numeric_limits<float>::max();
+        float max = std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest();
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+            const float v = x[i * qk + j];
+            if (v < min) {
+                min = v;
+            }
+            if (v > max) {
+                max = v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 8) - 1);
+        const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+        scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
+        // zp = -min / scale (Q8_1 is asymmetric)
+        zp[i] = (d != 0.0f) ? (uint8_t) std::round(-min / d) : 0;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; ++j) {
+            const float x0 = (x[i * qk + j] - min) * id;
+            const uint8_t xi0 = roundf(x0);
+            weights[i * qk + j] = xi0;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-quants.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-quants.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4a02297cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-quants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "ggml-openvino-extra.h"  // For ExtraQuantType
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/tensor.hpp>
+
+void unpack_32_4(const uint8_t* data, uint8_t* dst);
+
+void extract_q4_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr);
+
+void extract_q4_1_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                       bool use_bias = false);
+
+void extract_q8_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr);
+
+void unpack_256_4(const uint8_t* data, uint8_t* dst);
+
+void extract_q4_k_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                       bool use_bias = false);
+
+void extract_q5_k_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                       bool use_bias = false);
+
+void extract_q6_k_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                       ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                       ov::Tensor & zp_arr);
+
+static constexpr size_t GGML_QUANTIZATION_GROUP_SIZE = 32;
+
+ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int8_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
+                                       ov::Tensor & scales,
+                                       ov::Tensor & zp,
+                                       size_t group_size = GGML_QUANTIZATION_GROUP_SIZE,
+                                       bool use_bias = false);
+
+ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int4_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
+                                       ov::Tensor & scales,
+                                       ov::Tensor & zp,
+                                       size_t group_size = GGML_QUANTIZATION_GROUP_SIZE,
+                                       bool use_bias = false);
+
+// Extract quantized weights from tensor and create weight subgraph
+// If weights/scales/zp are provided (non-empty), uses them as output buffers
+// Otherwise allocates new ov::Tensors internally
+// Returns the weight node (make_int4_weights or make_int8_weights result)
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> extract_quantized_weights(
+    const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+    const void * data,  // Source data pointer (may differ from tensor->data)
+    ov::Tensor & weights,
+    ov::Tensor & scales,
+    ov::Tensor & zp,
+    bool use_bias = false);  // Use fp bias instead of quantized zero_point (for test-backend-ops)
+
+// Requantize weights from tensor to target format, writing to provided buffers
+// For F16 target, only weights buffer is used (scales/zp ignored)
+// Returns the weight node
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> requantize_to_buffers(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                                const void * data,  // Source data pointer
+                                                ExtraQuantType requant_type,
+                                                int64_t block_size,
+                                                ov::Tensor & weights,
+                                                ov::Tensor & scales,
+                                                ov::Tensor & zp);
+
+inline const char * extra_quant_type_name(ExtraQuantType t) {
+    switch (t) {
+    case ExtraQuantType::F16:
+        return "F16";
+    case ExtraQuantType::Q4_0_C:
+        return "Q4_0_C";
+    case ExtraQuantType::Q4_0_128:
+        return "Q4_0_128";
+    case ExtraQuantType::Q8_0_C:
+        return "Q8_0_C";
+    case ExtraQuantType::Q8_0_32:
+        return "Q8_0_32";
+    case ExtraQuantType::Q8_1_C:
+        return "Q8_1_C";
+    default:
+        return "unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+// Result from process_weight_tensor containing the weight node and tensors.
+// For quantized weights, also contains the extracted layout and scale/zp tensors.
+struct OvWeight {
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> weight_node;
+    ggml_openvino_extracted_layout layout;  // Only meaningful for quantized (layout.total_size > 0)
+    ov::Tensor weights;
+    ov::Tensor scales;
+    ov::Tensor zp;
+
+    bool is_quantized() const { return layout.scales_size > 0; }
+};
+
+// Process weight tensor and create an OpenVINO weight node
+// Handles F16/F32/BF16 and quantized weights, with optional requantization
+// If output_base_ptr is nullptr, allocates internal buffers (for decoder use)
+// If output_base_ptr is provided, uses pre-allocated buffers at specified offsets (for backend buffer use)
+// Returns OvWeight with the weight node and optional quantized tensors
+OvWeight process_weight_tensor(
+    const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+    const void * data,                 // Source data pointer (may differ from tensor->data)
+    void * output_base_ptr = nullptr,  // Base pointer for output buffers (or nullptr for internal allocation)
+    bool use_bias = false);            // Use fp bias instead of quantized zero_point, only used in test-backend-ops
+
+void quantize_q4_0(const float * x,
+                   ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                   int64_t k,
+                   int64_t qk);
+void quantize_q8_1(const float * x,
+                   ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                   int64_t k,
+                   int64_t qk);
+void quantize_q8_0(const float * x,
+                   ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
+                   ov::Tensor & zp_arr,
+                   int64_t k,
+                   int64_t qk);
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace op {
+namespace util {
+// From <openvino>/src/common/transformations/include/transformations/utils/utils.hpp
+bool get_single_value(const std::shared_ptr<ov::op::v0::Constant>& const_node,
+                      float& value,
+                      bool check_value_range = true);
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/decoder.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/decoder.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b8da2be5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/decoder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <map>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/frontend/decoder.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+class GgmlDecoder : public DecoderBase {
+public:
+    virtual ov::Any get_attribute(const std::string& name) const = 0;
+
+    virtual PartialShape get_input_shape(int node_idx, const std::string& name) const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::vector<size_t> get_input_stride(int node_idx, const std::string& name) const = 0;
+
+    virtual element::Type get_input_type(int node_idx, const std::string& name) const = 0;
+
+    virtual size_t get_input_size() const = 0;
+
+    virtual size_t get_input_size(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual void get_input_node(size_t input_port_idx,
+                                std::string& producer_name,
+                                std::string& producer_output_port_name,
+                                size_t& producer_output_port_index) const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::vector<std::string> get_input_names(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual PartialShape get_output_shape(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual element::Type get_output_type(const int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual int32_t* get_input_op_params(int node_idx, const std::string& name) const = 0;
+
+    virtual int32_t * get_output_op_params(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::vector<std::string> get_output_names(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual const std::string& get_op_type() const = 0;
+
+    virtual const std::string& get_op_type(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual const std::string& get_op_name() const = 0;
+
+    virtual const std::string& get_op_name(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual void visit_subgraph(std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder>, int node_idx)> node_visitor) const = 0;
+
+    virtual int get_op_case(int node_idx) const = 0;
+
+    virtual const std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>>& get_model_inputs() const = 0;
+    virtual const std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>>& get_model_extra_inputs() const = 0;
+    virtual const std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>>& get_model_weights() const = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<std::string> get_model_output_names() const = 0;
+
+    virtual int32_t* get_rope_params() const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::map<std::string, std::string> get_kv_param_res_names() const = 0;
+
+    virtual bool is_static() const = 0;
+
+    virtual bool is_stateful() const = 0;
+
+    virtual int is_swa_layer(int layer) const = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/frontend.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/frontend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c2ba14e66e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/frontend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "frontend.h"
+
+#include "input_model.h"
+#include "op_table.h"
+#include "translate_session.h"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+FrontEnd::FrontEnd() {}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Model> FrontEnd::convert(const InputModel::Ptr & model, bool naive) {
+    auto ggml_model = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ggml::InputModel>(model);
+    FRONT_END_GENERAL_CHECK(ggml_model, "Invalid input model");
+    std::shared_ptr<Model> converted_model;
+    const auto & supported_ops = get_supported_ops();
+    {
+        TranslateSession translate_session(model, supported_ops, naive);
+        converted_model = translate_session.get_converted_model();
+    }
+    return converted_model;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/frontend.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/frontend.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f1c6f0c3e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/frontend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018-2024 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <openvino/frontend/frontend.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+class FrontEnd {
+public:
+    using Ptr = std::shared_ptr<FrontEnd>;
+    FrontEnd();
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<Model> convert(const InputModel::Ptr& model, bool naive = false);
+};
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/input_model.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/input_model.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39b004c9317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/input_model.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "input_model.h"
+
+#include "decoder.h"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+InputModel::InputModel(const std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder> & gdecoder) : m_decoder(gdecoder) {}
+
+const std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder> & InputModel::get_model_decoder() const {
+    return m_decoder;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/input_model.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/input_model.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce8434426c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/input_model.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <openvino/frontend/input_model.hpp>
+
+#include "decoder.h"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+class FrontEnd;
+class GgmlDecoder;
+using ov::frontend::ggml::GgmlDecoder;
+
+class InputModel : public ov::frontend::InputModel {
+    friend class ::ov::frontend::ggml::FrontEnd;
+
+public:
+    explicit InputModel(const std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder>& gdecoder);
+
+    const std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder>& get_model_decoder() const;
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder> m_decoder;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/node_context.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/node_context.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aa484128a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/node_context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <openvino/frontend/node_context.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "decoder.h"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+class TranslateSession;
+
+typedef std::map<std::string, Output<Node>> TensorMap;
+
+class NodeContext : public frontend::NodeContext {
+public:
+    NodeContext(const std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder>& decoder,
+                std::shared_ptr<TensorMap>& tensor_map,
+                int node_idx,
+                TranslateSession* translate_session = nullptr)
+        : ov::frontend::NodeContext(decoder->get_op_type(node_idx)),
+          m_decoder(decoder),
+          m_tensor_map(tensor_map),
+          m_node_idx(node_idx),
+          m_translate_session(translate_session) {
+        m_input_names = decoder->get_input_names(m_node_idx);
+        m_output_names = decoder->get_output_names(m_node_idx);
+    }
+
+    TranslateSession* get_translate_session() const {
+        return m_translate_session;
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string>& get_input_names() const { return m_input_names; }
+
+    size_t get_input_size() const override {
+        return m_decoder->get_input_size(m_node_idx);
+    }
+
+    ov::element::Type get_input_type(size_t index) const {
+        return m_decoder->get_input_type(m_node_idx, m_input_names[index]);
+    }
+
+    PartialShape get_input_shape(size_t input_index) const {
+        return m_decoder->get_input_shape(m_node_idx, m_input_names[input_index]);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<size_t> get_input_stride(size_t index) const {
+        return m_decoder->get_input_stride(m_node_idx, m_input_names[index]);
+    }
+
+    std::string get_output_name() const { return m_output_names[0]; }
+
+    PartialShape get_output_shape() const { return m_decoder->get_output_shape(m_node_idx); }
+
+    int32_t* get_input_op_params(size_t index) const {
+        return m_decoder->get_input_op_params(m_node_idx, m_input_names[index]);
+    }
+
+    int32_t * get_output_op_params() const { return m_decoder->get_output_op_params(m_node_idx); }
+
+    ov::element::Type get_output_type() const {
+        return m_decoder->get_output_type(m_node_idx);
+    }
+
+    Output<Node> get_input(int idx) const override {
+        return m_tensor_map->at(m_input_names[idx]);
+    }
+
+    Output<Node> get_input(const std::string& name) const override {
+        if (m_tensor_map->find(name) == m_tensor_map->end()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("'" + name + "' not found in tensor map.");
+        }
+        return m_tensor_map->at(name);
+    }
+
+    bool has_input(const std::string& name) const {
+        return m_tensor_map->find(name) != m_tensor_map->end();
+    }
+
+    const std::string& get_name() const override {
+        return m_decoder->get_op_name(m_node_idx);
+    }
+
+    ov::Any get_attribute_as_any(const std::string& name) const override {
+        return m_decoder->get_attribute(name);
+    }
+
+    int get_op_case() const {
+        return m_decoder->get_op_case(m_node_idx);
+    }
+
+    bool is_static() const { return m_decoder->is_static(); }
+
+    bool is_stateful() const { return m_decoder->is_stateful(); }
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder> m_decoder;
+    std::shared_ptr<TensorMap>& m_tensor_map;
+    int m_node_idx;
+    TranslateSession* m_translate_session;
+    std::vector<std::string> m_input_names;
+    std::vector<std::string> m_output_names;
+};
+
+using CreatorFunction = std::function<ov::OutputVector(const ov::frontend::ggml::NodeContext&)>;
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/cont.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/cont.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6160dd74444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/cont.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_cont(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    int op_case = context.get_op_case();
+    FRONT_END_CHECK_IMPLEMENTED(op_case == 1 || op_case == 2 || op_case == 3, "Unsupported CONT case");
+
+    auto src_shape = context.get_input_shape(0).to_shape();
+    auto dst_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+    ov::Output<Node> res;
+
+    if (op_case == 1) {
+        // The input comes from a PERMUTE
+        throw std::runtime_error("Code of this case might be outdated");
+        dst_shape[1] = -1;
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(
+            context.get_input(0), ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {dst_shape.size()}, dst_shape), false);
+    } else if (op_case == 2) {
+        // The input comes from a TRANSPOSE
+        return {context.get_input(0)};
+    } else {
+        // The input comes from a VIEW
+        res = process_view_input(context, 0);
+    }
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/cpy.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/cpy.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..831117208be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/cpy.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_cpy(const NodeContext & context) {
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(context.get_input(0), context.get_output_type());
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/flash_attn_ext.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/flash_attn_ext.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42602a730a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/flash_attn_ext.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/op/broadcast.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/scaled_dot_product_attention.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_flash_attn_ext(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 4, 4);
+    auto q_f32 = context.get_input(0);
+    auto k = context.get_input(1);
+    auto v = context.get_input(2);
+    auto mask = context.get_input(3);
+
+    float * params = reinterpret_cast<float *>(context.get_output_op_params());
+    float scale = params[0];
+    // float max_bias      = params[1];
+    // float logit_softcap = params[2];
+
+    auto q = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(q_f32, ov::element::f16);
+    auto scale_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f16, ov::Shape{}, std::vector<float>{scale});
+
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> mask_sliced, res;
+    std::string mask_name = "KQ_mask_sliced";
+    if (context.get_input_names()[3].find("swa") != std::string::npos) {
+        mask_name = "KQ_mask_swa_sliced";
+    }
+    if (context.has_input(mask_name)) {
+        mask_sliced = context.get_input(mask_name);
+    } else {
+        auto zero = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+        auto two = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {2});
+        auto token_len = get_dimensions(q, {2});
+        mask_sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(mask, zero, token_len, one, two);
+    }
+
+    if (mask_sliced.get_element_type() != ov::element::f16) {
+        mask_sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(mask_sliced, ov::element::f16);
+    }
+
+    auto tile_kv = [&](int64_t num_heads, int64_t num_heads_kv, int64_t head_size, ov::Output<Node> kv) {
+        int64_t factor = num_heads / num_heads_kv;
+        if (factor > 1 && num_heads_kv > 1) {
+            ov::Output<ov::Node> kv_broadcast_shape, kv_unsqueezed, new_kv_shape;
+            auto unsqueeze_axes = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, Shape{}, {2});
+            kv_unsqueezed = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Unsqueeze>(kv, unsqueeze_axes);
+
+            kv_broadcast_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+                ov::element::i64, {5}, {(int64_t) 1, (int64_t) 1, factor, (int64_t) 1, (int64_t) 1});
+            new_kv_shape =
+                ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, {(int64_t) 0, num_heads, (int64_t) -1, head_size});
+
+            kv = std::make_shared<ov::op::v3::Broadcast>(kv_unsqueezed, kv_broadcast_shape,
+                                                         ov::op::BroadcastType::BIDIRECTIONAL);
+            kv = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(kv, new_kv_shape, true);
+        }
+        return kv;
+    };
+
+    auto q_shape = context.get_input_shape(0).to_shape();
+    auto k_shape = context.get_input_shape(1).to_shape();
+    k = tile_kv(q_shape[1], k_shape[1], q_shape[3], k);
+    v = tile_kv(q_shape[1], k_shape[1], q_shape[3], v);
+
+    auto sdpa = std::make_shared<ov::op::v13::ScaledDotProductAttention>(q, k, v, mask_sliced, scale_node, false);
+    res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(sdpa,
+                                                  ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, {0, 2, 1, 3}));
+    res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(res, ov::element::f32);
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/get_rows.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/get_rows.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49f51b7ca3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/get_rows.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gather.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/squeeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_get_rows(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 2, 2);
+
+    int op_case = context.get_op_case();
+
+    Output<Node> res;
+    auto data = context.get_input(0);
+    auto indices = context.get_input(1);
+
+    if (op_case == 2) {
+        // The input comes from a VIEW
+        indices = process_view_input(context, 1);
+    }
+
+    // data[1,b,x,y] ind[1,1,b,x'] test-backend-ops case
+    // data[x,y] ind[1,1,1,x'] normal case
+    indices =
+        std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Squeeze>(indices, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {2}, {0, 1}));
+    if (data.get_partial_shape().rank() == 4) {
+        if (!(data.get_partial_shape()[1].is_dynamic()) && data.get_partial_shape()[1].get_length() == 1) {
+            // Work-around for a bug in ov cpu plugin for test-backend-ops
+            data = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Squeeze>(data,
+                                                         ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {2}, {0, 1}));
+            auto axis = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{}, {0});
+            res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Gather>(data, indices, axis);
+        } else {
+            auto axis = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{}, {1});
+            data =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Squeeze>(data, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0}));
+            res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Gather>(data, indices, axis, 1);
+        }
+    } else if (context.is_stateful() && data.get_partial_shape().rank() == 3) {
+        auto axis = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{}, {1});
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Gather>(data, indices, axis, 1);
+    } else {
+        auto axis = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{}, {0});
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Gather>(data, indices, axis);
+    }
+
+    if (res.get_element_type() != context.get_output_type()) {
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(res, context.get_output_type());
+    }
+    if (!(context.is_stateful())) {
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Unsqueeze>(res, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0}));
+    }
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/glu_geglu.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/glu_geglu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9fa4c24367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/glu_geglu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gelu.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/sigmoid.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_glu_geglu(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 2);
+
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> src0;
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> src1;
+    if (context.get_input_size() == 2) {
+        src0 = context.get_input(0);
+        src1 = context.get_input(1);
+    } else {
+        // GGML splits along ne[0] (OV last axis) using floor division: nc = ne[0] / 2.
+        // Both halves are nc elements; if the dimension is odd, the last element is dropped.
+        // Use Slice instead of Split to handle odd dimensions correctly.
+        auto combined = context.get_input(0);
+        auto combined_shape = combined.get_partial_shape();
+        int64_t last_dim_val = combined_shape[combined_shape.rank().get_length() - 1].get_length();
+        int64_t nc = last_dim_val / 2;
+
+        auto axis   = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {-1});
+        auto step   = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+        auto start0 = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        auto stop0  = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {nc});
+        auto start1 = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {nc});
+        auto stop1  = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {2 * nc});
+
+        src0 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(combined, start0, stop0, step, axis);
+        src1 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(combined, start1, stop1, step, axis);
+    }
+
+    int32_t * params = context.get_output_op_params();
+    const int32_t swapped = params[1];
+    if (swapped) {
+        std::swap(src0, src1);
+    }
+
+    auto gelu = std::make_shared<ov::op::v7::Gelu>(src0);
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(gelu, src1);
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/glu_swiglu.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/glu_swiglu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..00ed7951a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/glu_swiglu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/sigmoid.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_glu_swiglu(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 2);
+
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> src0;
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> src1;
+    if (context.get_input_size() == 2) {
+        src0 = context.get_input(0);
+        src1 = context.get_input(1);
+    } else {
+        // GGML splits along ne[0] (OV last axis) using floor division: nc = ne[0] / 2.
+        // Both halves are nc elements; if the dimension is odd, the last element is dropped.
+        // Use Slice instead of Split to handle odd dimensions correctly.
+        auto combined = context.get_input(0);
+        auto combined_shape = combined.get_partial_shape();
+        int64_t last_dim_val = combined_shape[combined_shape.rank().get_length() - 1].get_length();
+        int64_t nc = last_dim_val / 2;
+
+        auto axis   = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {-1});
+        auto step   = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+        auto start0 = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        auto stop0  = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {nc});
+        auto start1 = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {nc});
+        auto stop1  = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {2 * nc});
+
+        src0 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(combined, start0, stop0, step, axis);
+        src1 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(combined, start1, stop1, step, axis);
+    }
+
+    int32_t * params = context.get_output_op_params();
+    const int32_t swapped = params[1];
+    if (swapped) {
+        std::swap(src0, src1);
+    }
+
+    auto sigmoid = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Sigmoid>(src0);
+    auto silu = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(src0, sigmoid);
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(silu, src1);
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/mulmat.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/mulmat.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38edec85ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/mulmat.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/broadcast.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/matmul.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/util/op_types.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_mulmat(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 2, 2);
+
+    int op_case = context.get_op_case();
+
+    ov::Output<Node> res;
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> B = context.get_input(0);
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> A = context.get_input(1);
+
+    bool transpose_b = true;
+    if (op_case == 2) {
+        B = B.get_node_shared_ptr()->input_value(0);
+        transpose_b = false;
+    } else if (op_case == 3) {
+        B = process_view_input(context, 0);
+        A = process_view_input(context, 1);
+    }
+    if (A.get_element_type() != B.get_element_type()) {
+        B = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(context.get_input(0), context.get_input_type(1));
+    }
+
+    auto B_shape = context.get_input_shape(0).to_shape();
+    auto A_shape = context.get_input_shape(1).to_shape();
+    int64_t A_batch = A_shape[1];
+    int64_t B_batch = B_shape[1];
+
+    auto A_batch_larger = A_batch > B_batch;
+    auto batch_large = A_batch_larger ? A_batch : B_batch;
+    auto batch_small = A_batch_larger ? B_batch : A_batch;
+
+    Output<Node> Z = A_batch_larger ? B : A;
+    int64_t factor = batch_large / batch_small;
+    if (factor > 1 && batch_small > 1) {
+        auto batch_large_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, std::vector<int64_t>{batch_large});
+        auto batch_small_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, std::vector<int64_t>{batch_small});
+        auto factor_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, std::vector<int64_t>{factor});
+
+        auto unsqueeze_axes = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, Shape{}, {2});
+        auto Z_unsqueezed = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Unsqueeze>(Z, unsqueeze_axes);
+
+        auto broadcast_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+            ov::element::i64, {5}, {(int64_t) 1, (int64_t) 1, factor, (int64_t) 1, (int64_t) 1});
+        auto new_Z_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4},
+                                                        {(int64_t) 0, batch_large, (int64_t) -1, (int64_t) A_shape[3]});
+
+        auto Z_broadcasted = std::make_shared<ov::op::v3::Broadcast>(Z_unsqueezed, broadcast_shape,
+                                                                     ov::op::BroadcastType::BIDIRECTIONAL);
+        Z = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(Z_broadcasted, new_Z_shape, true);
+    }
+    if (A_batch_larger) {
+        B = Z;
+    } else {
+        A = Z;
+    }
+
+    res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::MatMul>(A, B, false, transpose_b);
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/permute.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/permute.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c800f9ee4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/permute.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_permute(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    int op_case = context.get_op_case();
+    FRONT_END_CHECK_IMPLEMENTED(op_case == 1 || op_case == 2 || op_case == 3 || op_case == 4,
+                                "Unsupported PERMUTE case");
+
+    ov::Output<Node> res;
+    auto src = context.get_input(0);
+    auto perm = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, {0, 2, 1, 3});
+
+    if (op_case == 1 || context.is_stateful()) {
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(src, perm);
+    } else if (op_case == 4) {
+        auto output_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+        auto n_heads = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {output_shape[1]});
+        auto head_size = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {output_shape[3]});
+        auto n_seq_active = context.has_input("n_seq_active") ?
+                                context.get_input("n_seq_active") :
+                                ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {output_shape[0]});
+        auto neg_one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {-1});
+
+        auto new_shape =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(ov::OutputVector{n_seq_active, neg_one, n_heads, head_size}, 0);
+
+        // // Alternative
+        // auto zero = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        // auto new_shape = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(ov::OutputVector{n_seq_active, neg_one, zero, zero}, 0);
+
+        auto reshaped = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(src, new_shape, true);
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(reshaped, perm);
+    } else {
+        auto cache_shape = src.get_partial_shape();
+        auto output_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+        int64_t head_size = output_shape[3];
+        int64_t n_heads = output_shape[1];
+        int64_t ctx_per_seq = cache_shape[2].is_static() ? cache_shape[2].get_length() : -1;
+        int64_t n_seq = cache_shape[1].get_length();
+
+        Output<Node> attention_size;
+        if (!context.has_input("attention_size")) {
+            attention_size = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {output_shape[2]});
+        } else if (op_case == 2) {
+            attention_size = context.get_input("attention_size");
+        } else {
+            attention_size = context.get_input("attention_size_swa");
+        }
+
+        Output<Node> seq_active_start;
+        Output<Node> seq_active_end;
+        if (context.has_input("seq_active_start")) {
+            seq_active_start = context.get_input("seq_active_start");
+            seq_active_end = context.get_input("seq_active_end");
+        } else {
+            int64_t n_seq_active = output_shape[0];
+            size_t offset = *((size_t *) context.get_input_op_params(0));
+            int64_t seq_active_start_val = offset / context.get_input_stride(0)[0];
+            int64_t seq_active_end_val = seq_active_start_val + n_seq_active;
+            seq_active_start = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {seq_active_start_val});
+            seq_active_end = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {seq_active_end_val});
+        }
+
+        // 1. reshape to [n_seq, ctx_per_seq, n_heads, head_size]
+        // 2. slice out the active sequences
+        // 3. slice out the attention part in each sequence
+        // 4. permute
+        auto zero = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+
+        auto src_reshaped = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(
+            src, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, {n_seq, ctx_per_seq, n_heads, head_size}), false);
+        auto slice1 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(src_reshaped, seq_active_start, seq_active_end, one, zero);
+        auto slice2 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(slice1, zero, attention_size, one, one);
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(slice2, perm);
+    }
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/reshape.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/reshape.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..efd9a5a860a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/reshape.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/frontend/exception.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_reshape(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+    if (context.get_input_shape(0) == context.get_output_shape()) {
+        return {context.get_input(0)};
+    }
+
+    int op_case = context.get_op_case();
+    FRONT_END_CHECK_IMPLEMENTED(
+        op_case == 1 || op_case == 2 || op_case == 3 || op_case == 4 || op_case == 5 || op_case == 6,
+        "Unsupported RESHAPE case");
+
+    auto output_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> new_shape_node;
+    if (op_case == 1) {
+        if (context.is_stateful()) {
+            new_shape_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+                ov::element::i64, {3},
+                std::vector<int64_t>{-1, (int64_t) output_shape[2], (int64_t) output_shape[3]});
+        } else {
+            new_shape_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+                ov::element::i64, {4},
+                std::vector<int64_t>{(int64_t) output_shape[0], -1, (int64_t) output_shape[2], (int64_t) output_shape[3]});
+        }
+    } else if (op_case == 2) {
+        new_shape_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+            ov::element::i64, {4},
+            std::vector<int64_t>{(int64_t) output_shape[0], (int64_t) output_shape[1], -1, (int64_t) output_shape[3]});
+
+    } else if (op_case == 3) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("might be outdated RESHAPE case");
+        new_shape_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+            ov::element::i64, {4}, std::vector<int64_t>{(int64_t) output_shape[0], (int64_t) output_shape[1], -1, 1});
+
+    } else if (op_case == 4) {
+        return {context.get_input(0).get_node_shared_ptr()->input_value(0)};
+
+    } else if (op_case == 5) {
+        if (context.is_stateful()) {
+            std::vector<int64_t> shape_vec = {1, -1, (int64_t) context.get_output_shape().to_shape()[3]};
+            new_shape_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {3}, shape_vec);
+        } else {
+            std::vector<int64_t> shape_vec = {1, 1, -1, (int64_t) context.get_output_shape().to_shape()[3]};
+            new_shape_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, shape_vec);
+        }
+
+        // // Alternative
+        // auto token_len = context.get_input("token_len");
+        // auto emb_size =
+        //     ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {(int64_t) context.get_output_shape().to_shape()[3]});
+        // auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+        // new_shape_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(ov::OutputVector{one, one, token_len, emb_size}, 0);
+
+    } else if (op_case == 6) {
+        new_shape_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, context.get_output_shape().to_shape());
+    }
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(context.get_input(0), new_shape_node, false);
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/rms_norm.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/rms_norm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..72cf92283e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/rms_norm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/divide.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/power.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reduce_mean.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/sqrt.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_rms_norm(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    auto input_node = context.get_input(0);
+    auto square = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Power>(
+        input_node, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1}, {2.0f}));
+
+    auto mean = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::ReduceMean>(
+        square, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{1}, {-1}), true);
+
+    float eps;
+    memcpy(&eps, context.get_output_op_params(), sizeof(float));
+
+    auto rms = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Sqrt>(
+        std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(mean, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1}, {eps})));
+
+    auto reciprocal =
+        std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Divide>(ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1}, {1.0f}), rms);
+
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(input_node, reciprocal);
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/rope.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/rope.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26dc2d24f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/rope.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/shape_of.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/split.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/subtract.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_rope(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 2, 3);
+
+    int op_case = context.get_op_case();
+
+    ov::Output<Node> res;
+
+    auto data_node = context.get_input(0).get_node_shared_ptr();
+    auto output_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+    int32_t * op_params = context.get_output_op_params();
+
+    Output<Node> cos_theta_node;
+    Output<Node> sin_theta_node;
+    if (context.has_input("rope_cos")) {
+        cos_theta_node = context.get_input("rope_cos");
+        sin_theta_node = context.get_input("rope_sin");
+    } else {
+        auto inp_pos = context.get_input(1).get_node_shared_ptr();
+        std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> rope_freqs_weight;
+        if (context.get_input_size() == 3) {
+            rope_freqs_weight = context.get_input(2).get_node_shared_ptr();
+        }
+        auto sin_cos = make_sin_cos(op_params, inp_pos, rope_freqs_weight);
+        sin_theta_node = sin_cos.first;
+        cos_theta_node = sin_cos.second;
+    }
+
+    if (op_case == 2) {
+        // The input comes from a VIEW
+        int slice_len = output_shape[2] * output_shape[3];
+        data_node = process_view_input(context, 0, slice_len).get_node_shared_ptr();
+        if (context.is_stateful()) {
+            auto data_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+                ov::element::i64, {3}, std::vector<int64_t>{-1, (int64_t) output_shape[2], (int64_t) output_shape[3]});
+            data_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(data_node, data_shape, false);
+        } else {
+            auto data_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+                ov::element::i64, {4}, std::vector<int64_t>{1, -1, (int64_t) output_shape[2], (int64_t) output_shape[3]});
+            data_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(data_node, data_shape, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int mode = op_params[2];
+    constexpr int ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL = 0;
+    constexpr int ROPE_TYPE_NEOX = 2;
+
+    if (mode == ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL) {
+        auto neg_one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {-1});
+        auto zero = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+        auto two = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {2});
+        auto end = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {output_shape[3]});
+        Output<Node> even_slice;
+        Output<Node> odd_slice;
+        int32_t unsqueeze_dim = context.is_stateful() ? 3 : 4;
+        even_slice = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(data_node, zero, end, two, neg_one);
+        odd_slice = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(data_node, one, end, two, neg_one);
+
+        Output<Node> first_half =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(even_slice, cos_theta_node),
+                                                   std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(odd_slice, sin_theta_node));
+        Output<Node> second_half =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(even_slice, sin_theta_node),
+                                              std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(odd_slice, cos_theta_node));
+
+        first_half = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Unsqueeze>(first_half,
+                                                             ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {unsqueeze_dim}));
+        second_half = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Unsqueeze>(second_half,
+                                                              ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {unsqueeze_dim}));
+        auto stack = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(OutputVector{first_half, second_half}, unsqueeze_dim);
+
+        auto data_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
+            ov::element::i64, {4}, std::vector<int64_t>{1, -1, (int64_t) output_shape[2], (int64_t) output_shape[3]});
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(stack, data_shape, false);
+    } else if (mode == ROPE_TYPE_NEOX) {
+        auto data_split = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Split>(
+            data_node, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{}, {-1}), 2);
+        Output<Node> slice_data_node_0 = data_split->outputs()[0];
+        Output<Node> slice_data_node_1 = data_split->outputs()[1];
+
+        auto first_half_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(slice_data_node_0, cos_theta_node),
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(slice_data_node_1, sin_theta_node));
+
+        auto second_half_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(slice_data_node_0, sin_theta_node),
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(slice_data_node_1, cos_theta_node));
+
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(ov::OutputVector{first_half_node, second_half_node}, -1);
+    }
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/scale.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/scale.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0f3d800c199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/scale.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_scale(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    float scale;
+    float bias;
+    memcpy(&scale, (float *) context.get_output_op_params() + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&bias, (float *) context.get_output_op_params() + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    auto scale_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{}, std::vector<float>{scale});
+    auto scaled = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(context.get_input(0), scale_node);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> res;
+    if (bias != 0.0f) {
+        auto bias_node =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{}, std::vector<float>{bias});
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(scaled, bias_node);
+    } else {
+        res = scaled;
+    }
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/set_rows.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/set_rows.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..136e4265b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/set_rows.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/frontend/exception.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gather.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/scatter_update.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/shape_of.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/squeeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_set_rows(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 3, 3);
+
+    auto data = context.get_input(0);
+    auto indices = context.get_input(1);
+    auto dst = context.get_input(2);
+
+    data = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(data, context.get_output_type());
+
+    auto dst_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+
+    auto ind_squeezed =
+        std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Squeeze>(indices, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {3}, {0, 1, 2}));
+    auto data_reshaped = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(
+        data,
+        ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4},
+                                     {(int64_t) 1, (int64_t) 1, (int64_t) -1, (int64_t) dst_shape[3]}),
+        false);
+    auto axes = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{}, {2});
+
+    Output<Node> res;
+    if (context.is_stateful()) {
+        int concat_axis = 1;
+        int64_t dim2 = dst.get_partial_shape()[2].get_length();
+        int64_t dim3 = dst.get_partial_shape()[3].get_length();
+        data = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(
+            data, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, {(int64_t) 1, (int64_t) -1, dim2, dim3}), false);
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(OutputVector{dst, data}, concat_axis);
+    } else {
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v3::ScatterUpdate>(dst, ind_squeezed, data_reshaped, axes);
+    }
+
+    if (auto dst_reshape = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(dst.get_node_shared_ptr())) {
+        // Fix the case of multiple sequences, reshape back to original shape [1, n_seq, ctx_per_seq, emb]
+        // ctx_per_seq is not fixed due to llama-bench compatibility
+        auto dst_shape_partial = dst_reshape->get_input_partial_shape(0);
+        std::vector<int64_t> dst_shape = {dst_shape_partial[0].get_length(), dst_shape_partial[1].get_length(),
+                                          dst_shape_partial[2].is_static() ? dst_shape_partial[2].get_length() : -1,
+                                          dst_shape_partial[3].get_length()};
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(res, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, dst_shape),
+                                                    false);
+    }
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/softmax.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/softmax.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f6330862be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/softmax.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/matmul.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/softmax.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_soft_max(const NodeContext & context) {
+    // TODO code is outdated
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 2);
+
+    auto input_node = context.get_input(0).get_node_shared_ptr();
+    ov::Output<Node> res;
+
+    float scale = 1.0f;
+    float max_bias = 0.0f;
+    auto * op_params = context.get_output_op_params();
+    memcpy(&scale, (float *) op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (float *) op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    auto src0_shape = context.get_input_shape(0).get_shape();
+    const uint32_t h = src0_shape[2];
+    const uint32_t n_head = src0_shape[0];
+    const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floor(log2(n_head));
+
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias) / n_head_log2);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+    const float slope =
+        (max_bias > 0.0f) ? h < n_head_log2 ? powf(m0, h + 1) : powf(m1, 2 * (h - n_head_log2) + 1) : 1.0f;
+
+    auto scale_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{}, std::vector<float>{scale});
+    auto scaled_input = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(input_node, scale_node);
+
+    if (context.get_input_size() < 2) {
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Softmax>(scaled_input, 2);
+        return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+    }
+
+    ov::Output<ov::Node> mask_node_sliced;
+    if (context.has_input("KQ_mask_sliced")) {
+        mask_node_sliced = context.get_input("KQ_mask_sliced");
+    } else {
+        auto token_len = get_dimensions(input_node, {1});
+        auto mask_node = context.get_input(1);
+        auto zero = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+        mask_node_sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(mask_node, zero, token_len, one, one);
+    }
+
+    if (mask_node_sliced.get_element_type() != context.get_output_type()) {
+        mask_node_sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(mask_node_sliced, context.get_output_type());
+    }
+
+    Output<Node> slope_mask;
+    if (slope != 1.0f) {
+        auto slope_node =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{}, std::vector<float>{slope});
+        slope_mask = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(mask_node_sliced, slope_node);
+        throw std::runtime_error("Slope != 1.0f in softmax has not been tested, verify it before use.");
+    }
+    slope_mask = mask_node_sliced;
+
+    auto input_slope_mask_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(scaled_input, slope_mask);
+
+    res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Softmax>(input_slope_mask_node, 2);
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/transpose.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/transpose.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8e62e83c0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/transpose.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_transpose(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(
+        context.get_input(0), ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {4}, {0, 1, 3, 2}));
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/unary_silu.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/unary_silu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..037e0b94df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/unary_silu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/sigmoid.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_unary_silu(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    auto input = context.get_input(0);
+    auto sigmoid = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Sigmoid>(input);
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(input, sigmoid);
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/view.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/view.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8528d252336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/view.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_view(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    if (context.get_op_case() == 2) {
+        auto dst_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+        return rename_outputs_with_suffix({process_view_input(context, 0, dst_shape[2] * dst_shape[3])},
+                                          context.get_name());
+    }
+    // op_case 3
+    if (context.get_op_case() == 3) {
+        auto input = context.get_input(0);
+        auto input_ov_shape = input.get_partial_shape();
+
+        auto input_llama_shape = context.get_input_shape(0).to_shape();
+
+        // if the input ov shape size is different from the input llama shape size, it means the input is already reshaped and we need to reshape it back to the original shape before slicing
+        if (input_ov_shape.size() != input_llama_shape.size()) {
+            input = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(input, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {input_llama_shape.size()}, input_llama_shape), false);
+        }
+
+        auto dst_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
+
+        // find the index of dst_shape that is different from input shape, and use that index to slice the input
+        int slice_dim = -1;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < dst_shape.size(); ++i) {
+            if (dst_shape[i] != input_llama_shape[i]) {
+                slice_dim = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto begin = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+        auto end = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {dst_shape[slice_dim]});
+        auto stride = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+        auto axes = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {slice_dim});
+        auto sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(input, begin, end, stride, axes);
+        return {sliced};
+    }
+    return {context.get_input(0)};
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..beadafe8103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "op_table.h"
+
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/divide.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gather.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/matmul.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/subtract.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, CreatorFunction> get_supported_ops() {
+    using namespace ov::op;
+    return {
+        {"GGML_OP_ADD",            op::translate_1to1_match_2_inputs<v1::Add>     },
+        {"GGML_OP_ADD1",           op::translate_1to1_match_2_inputs<v1::Add>     },
+        {"GGML_OP_CONT",           op::translate_cont                             },
+        {"GGML_OP_DIV",            op::translate_1to1_match_2_inputs<v1::Divide>  },
+        {"GGML_OP_GET_ROWS",       op::translate_get_rows                         },
+        {"GGML_OP_MUL",            op::translate_1to1_match_2_inputs<v1::Multiply>},
+        {"GGML_OP_MUL_MAT",        op::translate_mulmat                           },
+        {"GGML_OP_PERMUTE",        op::translate_permute                          },
+        {"GGML_OP_RESHAPE",        op::translate_reshape                          },
+        {"GGML_OP_RMS_NORM",       op::translate_rms_norm                         },
+        {"GGML_OP_ROPE",           op::translate_rope                             },
+        {"GGML_OP_SCALE",          op::translate_scale                            },
+        {"GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX",       op::translate_soft_max                         },
+        {"GGML_OP_SUB",            op::translate_1to1_match_2_inputs<v1::Subtract>},
+        {"GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE",      op::translate_transpose                        },
+        {"GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU",     op::translate_unary_silu                       },
+        {"GGML_OP_VIEW",           op::translate_view                             },
+        {"GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU",     op::translate_glu_swiglu                       },
+        {"GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU",      op::translate_glu_geglu                        },
+        {"GGML_OP_SET_ROWS",       op::translate_set_rows                         },
+        {"GGML_OP_CPY",            op::translate_cpy                              },
+        {"GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT", op::translate_flash_attn_ext                   },
+    };
+}
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37f763117aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "node_context.h"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+namespace op {
+
+#define GGML_OP_CONVERTER(op) OutputVector op(const NodeContext& context)
+
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_add);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_cont);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_get_rows);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_mul);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_mulmat);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_permute);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_reshape);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_rms_norm);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_rope);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_scale);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_unary_silu);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_soft_max);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_transpose);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_view);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_glu_swiglu);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_glu_geglu);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_set_rows);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_cpy);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_flash_attn_ext);
+
+} // namespace op
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, CreatorFunction> get_supported_ops();
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed2a3ab6d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "eliminate_zp.h"
+
+#include <openvino/core/graph_util.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/parallel.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/rt_info.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/subtract.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/label.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/pattern.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/wrap_type.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace pass {
+
+EliminateZeroPoints::EliminateZeroPoints() {
+    // Find pattern:
+    // (Multiply Any(scale)
+    //           (Subtract (Convert Constant(data)))
+    //                     (Convert Constant(zero_point)))
+    // where zero_point is a scalar
+    // If data is u4 and zp value is 8 (q4_0), Replace the Subtract with an i4 Constant whose value is data - zp_val
+    // If data is u8 and zp value is 128 (q8_0) or 32 (q6_k), Replace the Subtract with an i8 Constant
+
+    auto m_data_constant = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Constant>();
+    auto m_data_convert = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Convert>({m_data_constant});
+
+    auto m_zp_constant = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Constant>();
+    auto m_zp_convert = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Convert>({m_zp_constant});
+
+    auto m_subtract = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v1::Subtract>({m_data_convert, m_zp_convert});
+    auto m_scale = ov::pass::pattern::any_input();
+    auto m_multiply = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v1::Multiply>({m_scale, m_subtract});
+
+    const auto callback = [=](ov::pass::pattern::Matcher & m) {
+        const auto & pattern_map = m.get_pattern_value_map();
+
+        auto multiply_node =
+            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(pattern_map.at(m_multiply).get_node_shared_ptr());
+        auto subtract_node =
+            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(pattern_map.at(m_subtract).get_node_shared_ptr());
+        auto data_constant =
+            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::Constant>(pattern_map.at(m_data_constant).get_node_shared_ptr());
+        auto zp_constant =
+            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::Constant>(pattern_map.at(m_zp_constant).get_node_shared_ptr());
+
+        if (!multiply_node || !subtract_node || !data_constant || !zp_constant) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (ov::shape_size(zp_constant->get_shape()) != 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto data_type = data_constant->get_element_type();
+        auto zp_data = zp_constant->cast_vector<int>();
+
+        if (zp_data.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        int zp_value = zp_data[0];
+
+        bool should_eliminate = false;
+        ov::element::Type target_type;
+
+        if (data_type == ov::element::u4 && zp_value == 8) {
+            should_eliminate = true;
+            target_type = ov::element::i4;
+        } else if (data_type == ov::element::u8 && (zp_value == 128 || zp_value == 32)) {
+            should_eliminate = true;
+            target_type = ov::element::i8;
+        }
+
+        if (!should_eliminate) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto data_shape = data_constant->get_shape();
+        size_t total_elements = ov::shape_size(data_shape);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<ov::op::v0::Constant> new_constant;
+
+        // TODO improve performance
+        if (data_type == ov::element::u4) {
+            auto data_values = data_constant->cast_vector<uint8_t>();
+            std::vector<int8_t> adjusted_values(total_elements);
+
+            ov::parallel_for(total_elements, [&](size_t i) {
+                adjusted_values[i] = static_cast<int8_t>(static_cast<int>(data_values[i]) - 8);
+            });
+
+            new_constant = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(target_type, data_shape, adjusted_values);
+        } else if (data_type == ov::element::u8) {
+            auto data_values = data_constant->cast_vector<uint8_t>();
+            std::vector<int8_t> adjusted_values(total_elements);
+
+            ov::parallel_for(total_elements, [&, zp_value](size_t i) {
+                adjusted_values[i] = static_cast<int8_t>(static_cast<int>(data_values[i]) - zp_value);
+            });
+
+            new_constant = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(target_type, data_shape, adjusted_values);
+        }
+
+        auto new_convert =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(new_constant, subtract_node->get_output_element_type(0));
+        ov::replace_node(subtract_node, new_convert);
+
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    register_matcher(
+        std::make_shared<ov::pass::pattern::Matcher>(m_multiply, "ov::frontend::ggml::pass::EliminateZeroPoints"),
+        callback);
+}
+
+}  // namespace pass
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..edd3cd718d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "openvino/pass/matcher_pass.hpp"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace pass {
+
+class EliminateZeroPoints : public ov::pass::MatcherPass {
+public:
+    OPENVINO_MATCHER_PASS_RTTI("ov::frontend::ggml::pass::EliminateZeroPoints")
+    EliminateZeroPoints();
+};
+
+}  // namespace pass
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/fuse_to_sdpa.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/fuse_to_sdpa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0671542ee38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/fuse_to_sdpa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "fuse_to_sdpa.h"
+
+#include <openvino/core/graph_util.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/rt_info.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/matmul.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/scaled_dot_product_attention.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/softmax.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/label.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/pattern.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/wrap_type.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace pass {
+
+FuseToSDPA::FuseToSDPA() {
+    // Not maintained since FLASH_ATTN_EXT has replaced this pattern
+    const auto m_k = ov::pass::pattern::any_input();
+    const auto m_q = ov::pass::pattern::any_input();
+    const auto m_qk = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::MatMul>({m_q, m_k});
+    const auto m_qk_f32 = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Convert>({m_qk});
+    const auto m_scale = ov::pass::pattern::any_input();
+    const auto m_scaled_qk = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v1::Multiply>({m_qk_f32, m_scale});
+    const auto m_mask = ov::pass::pattern::any_input();
+    const auto m_masked_qk = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v1::Add>({m_scaled_qk, m_mask});
+    const auto m_softmax_qk = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v8::Softmax>({m_masked_qk});
+    const auto m_softmax_qk_f16 = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Convert>({m_softmax_qk});
+    const auto m_v = ov::pass::pattern::any_input();
+    const auto m_qkv = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::MatMul>({m_softmax_qk_f16, m_v});
+
+    const auto callback = [=](ov::pass::pattern::Matcher & m) {
+        auto & pattern_to_output = m.get_pattern_value_map();
+        auto k = pattern_to_output[m_k];
+        auto q = pattern_to_output[m_q];
+        auto v = pattern_to_output[m_v];
+        auto mask = pattern_to_output[m_mask];
+        auto scale = pattern_to_output[m_scale];
+
+        auto mask_f16 = register_new_node<ov::op::v0::Convert>(mask, ov::element::f16);
+        auto scale_f16 = register_new_node<ov::op::v0::Convert>(scale, ov::element::f16);
+        auto sdpa = std::make_shared<ov::op::v13::ScaledDotProductAttention>(q, k, v, mask_f16, scale_f16, false);
+
+        ov::replace_node(m.get_match_root(), sdpa);
+        ov::copy_runtime_info(m.get_matched_nodes(), sdpa);
+
+        return true;
+    };
+    register_matcher(std::make_shared<ov::pass::pattern::Matcher>(m_qkv, "ov::frontend::ggml::pass::FuseToSDPA"),
+                     callback);
+}
+
+}  // namespace pass
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/fuse_to_sdpa.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/fuse_to_sdpa.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8b5164d2329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/fuse_to_sdpa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "openvino/pass/matcher_pass.hpp"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace pass {
+
+class FuseToSDPA : public ov::pass::MatcherPass {
+public:
+    OPENVINO_MATCHER_PASS_RTTI("ov::frontend::ggml::pass::FuseToSDPA")
+    FuseToSDPA();
+};
+
+}  // namespace pass
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/mark_decompression_convert_constant_folding.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/mark_decompression_convert_constant_folding.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b95385611e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/mark_decompression_convert_constant_folding.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mark_decompression_convert_constant_folding.h"
+#include "openvino/pass/matcher_pass.hpp"
+#include "openvino/core/visibility.hpp"
+
+#ifdef OPENVINO_STATIC_LIBRARY
+#    define TRANSFORMATIONS_API
+#else
+#    ifdef IMPLEMENT_OPENVINO_API
+#        define TRANSFORMATIONS_API OPENVINO_CORE_EXPORTS
+#    else
+#        define TRANSFORMATIONS_API OPENVINO_CORE_IMPORTS
+#    endif  // IMPLEMENT_OPENVINO_API
+#endif      // OPENVINO_STATIC_LIBRARY
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace pass {
+
+class TRANSFORMATIONS_API MarkCompressedFloatConstants;
+
+}  // namespace pass
+}  // namespace ov
+
+class ov::pass::MarkCompressedFloatConstants : public MatcherPass {
+public:
+    OPENVINO_MATCHER_PASS_RTTI("MarkCompressedFloatConstants")
+    MarkCompressedFloatConstants();
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/squeeze_matmul.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/squeeze_matmul.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20a3a374934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/squeeze_matmul.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include "squeeze_matmul.h"
+
+#include <openvino/core/graph_util.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/rt_info.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/matmul.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/squeeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/label.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/pattern.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/wrap_type.hpp>
+
+namespace opp = ov::pass::pattern;
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace pass {
+
+// For quantized models, NPUW expects the activation to be 3d in DQ(DynamicQuantization) opt, e.g. DQMatMulGQ2i
+SqueezeMatmul::SqueezeMatmul() {
+    auto m_act = opp::any_input();
+    auto m_wei = opp::any_input();
+    auto m_matmul = opp::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::MatMul>({m_act, m_wei});
+
+    const auto callback = [=](ov::pass::pattern::Matcher & m) {
+        const auto & pattern_map = m.get_pattern_value_map();
+        auto matmul_node =
+            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::MatMul>(pattern_map.at(m_matmul).get_node_shared_ptr());
+        auto act = pattern_map.at(m_act);
+        auto wei = pattern_map.at(m_wei);
+        auto act_shape = act.get_partial_shape();
+        auto wei_shape = wei.get_partial_shape();
+        if (act_shape.rank().is_dynamic() || wei_shape.rank().is_dynamic()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (act_shape.rank().get_length() == 4 && wei_shape.rank().get_length() == 2) {
+            auto axis = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{1}, {0});
+            auto squeezed_act = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Squeeze>(act, axis);
+            auto new_matmul = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::MatMul>(squeezed_act, wei, matmul_node->get_transpose_a(),
+                                                                   matmul_node->get_transpose_b());
+            auto unsqueezed_output = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Unsqueeze>(new_matmul, axis);
+            unsqueezed_output->set_friendly_name(matmul_node->get_friendly_name());
+            ov::copy_runtime_info(matmul_node, {squeezed_act, new_matmul, unsqueezed_output});
+            ov::replace_node(matmul_node, unsqueezed_output);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    register_matcher(std::make_shared<ov::pass::pattern::Matcher>(m_matmul, "ov::frontend::ggml::pass::SqueezeMatmul"),
+                     callback);
+}
+
+}  // namespace pass
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/squeeze_matmul.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/squeeze_matmul.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8fbc69d546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/squeeze_matmul.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "openvino/pass/matcher_pass.hpp"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace pass {
+
+class SqueezeMatmul : public ov::pass::MatcherPass {
+public:
+    OPENVINO_MATCHER_PASS_RTTI("ov::frontend::ggml::pass::SqueezeMatmul")
+    SqueezeMatmul();
+};
+
+}  // namespace pass
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/translate_session.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/translate_session.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23a1dea2496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/translate_session.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+#include "translate_session.h"
+
+#include "ggml-openvino/openvino/node_context.h"
+#include "ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.h"
+#include "input_model.h"
+#include "pass/eliminate_zp.h"
+#include "pass/mark_decompression_convert_constant_folding.h"
+#include "pass/squeeze_matmul.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/broadcast.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert_like.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/cos.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/divide.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gather.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/parameter.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/range.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/result.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/sin.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/squeeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/strided_slice.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/constant_folding.hpp>
+#include <openvino/pass/make_stateful.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/preprocess/pre_post_process.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+using namespace ov::op;
+
+namespace {
+
+ov::pass::MakeStateful::ParamResPairs get_kv_param_res_pairs(
+    const std::shared_ptr<ov::Model> & model,
+    const std::map<std::string, std::string> & kv_param_res_names) {
+    ov::pass::MakeStateful::ParamResPairs pairs;
+    const auto & params = model->get_parameters();
+    const auto & results = model->get_results();
+
+    for (const auto & param_res : kv_param_res_names) {
+        const auto & param_name = param_res.first;
+        const auto & res_name = param_res.second;
+
+        auto param_it = std::find_if(params.begin(), params.end(), [&](const std::shared_ptr<v0::Parameter> & node) {
+            return node->get_friendly_name() == param_name;
+        });
+
+        OPENVINO_ASSERT(param_it != params.end(), "The tensor name ", param_name,
+                        " is not associated with any of "
+                        "Parameters in the network.");
+
+        auto res_it = std::find_if(results.begin(), results.end(), [&](const std::shared_ptr<v0::Result> & node) {
+            return node->get_friendly_name() == res_name;
+        });
+
+        OPENVINO_ASSERT(res_it != results.end(), "The tensor name ", res_name,
+                        " is not associated with any of "
+                        "Results in the network.");
+
+        std::shared_ptr<ov::op::v0::Parameter> param = *param_it;
+        std::shared_ptr<ov::op::v0::Result> res = *res_it;
+        pairs.emplace_back(param, res);
+    }
+    return pairs;
+}
+
+void add_sliced_mask(TensorMap & tensor_map, GgmlDecoder & ggml_model_decoder) {
+
+    auto create_sliced_mask = [&](const std::string & mask_name, const std::string & sliced_name, bool is_static) {
+        if ((tensor_map.find(mask_name) != tensor_map.end()) &&
+            (tensor_map.find("token_len_per_seq") != tensor_map.end())) {
+            auto token_len_per_seq = tensor_map.at("token_len_per_seq").get_node_shared_ptr();
+            auto mask = tensor_map.at(mask_name).get_node_shared_ptr();
+            std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> mask_sliced;
+            if (is_static) {
+                mask_sliced = mask;
+            } else if (ggml_model_decoder.is_stateful()) {
+                auto zero_2d = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {2}, {0,0});
+                auto one_2d = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {2}, {1,1});
+                auto zero_1d = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+                auto three_1d = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {3});
+                auto neg_one_1d = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {-1});
+                auto axes = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {2}, {-2,-1});
+                auto inp_pos = tensor_map.at("inp_pos").get_node_shared_ptr();
+                auto gather_inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Gather>(inp_pos, neg_one_1d, three_1d);
+                auto reshaped_inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(gather_inp_pos, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1}), false);
+                auto inp_pos_incremented = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(reshaped_inp_pos, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{1}, {1}));
+                auto stop = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(ov::OutputVector{token_len_per_seq, std::make_shared<v1::ConvertLike>(inp_pos_incremented, token_len_per_seq)}, 0);
+                mask_sliced =
+                    std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(mask, zero_2d, stop, one_2d, axes);
+                mask_sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(mask_sliced, ov::element::f16);
+                mask_sliced->set_friendly_name(sliced_name);
+            } else {
+                auto zero = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
+                auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+                auto two = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {2});
+                mask_sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(mask, zero, token_len_per_seq, one, two);
+                mask_sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(mask_sliced, ov::element::f16);
+                mask_sliced->set_friendly_name(sliced_name);
+            }
+            tensor_map.insert({sliced_name, mask_sliced->output(0)});
+        }
+    };
+
+    create_sliced_mask("self_kq_mask", "KQ_mask_sliced", ggml_model_decoder.is_static());
+    create_sliced_mask("self_kq_mask_swa", "KQ_mask_swa_sliced", ggml_model_decoder.is_static());
+}
+
+void add_rope_sin_cos(TensorMap & tensor_map, GgmlDecoder & ggml_model_decoder) {
+    int32_t * rope_params = ggml_model_decoder.get_rope_params();
+    if (tensor_map.find("inp_pos") == tensor_map.end() || rope_params == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+    auto inp_pos = tensor_map.at("inp_pos").get_node_shared_ptr();
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> rope_freqs_weight;
+    if (tensor_map.find("rope_freqs.weight") != tensor_map.end()) {
+        rope_freqs_weight = tensor_map.at("rope_freqs.weight").get_node_shared_ptr();
+    }
+
+    auto sin_cos = make_sin_cos(rope_params, inp_pos, rope_freqs_weight);
+    auto sin_theta = sin_cos.first;
+    auto cos_theta = sin_cos.second;
+
+    cos_theta.get_node_shared_ptr()->set_friendly_name("rope_cos");
+    sin_theta.get_node_shared_ptr()->set_friendly_name("rope_sin");
+    tensor_map.insert({"rope_cos", cos_theta});
+    tensor_map.insert({"rope_sin", sin_theta});
+}
+
+// Create common patterns
+void preprocess(TensorMap & tensor_map, GgmlDecoder & ggml_model_decoder) {
+    add_sliced_mask(tensor_map, ggml_model_decoder);
+    add_rope_sin_cos(tensor_map, ggml_model_decoder);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TranslateSession::TranslateSession(const frontend::InputModel::Ptr & input_model,
+                                   const std::unordered_map<std::string, CreatorFunction> & translator_map,
+                                   bool naive) :
+    m_input_model(input_model),
+    m_translator_map(translator_map),
+    m_ov_model(nullptr),
+    m_naive(naive) {}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Model> TranslateSession::get_converted_model() {
+    if (m_ov_model) {
+        return m_ov_model;
+    }
+    m_ov_model = translate_graph(m_input_model);
+    return m_ov_model;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Model> TranslateSession::translate_graph(const frontend::InputModel::Ptr & input_model) {
+    ov::ParameterVector params;
+    ov::ResultVector results;
+    auto tensor_map = std::make_shared<TensorMap>();
+    std::shared_ptr<Model> resulting_model;
+
+    const auto & ggml_model = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<InputModel>(input_model);
+    std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder> ggml_model_decoder = ggml_model->get_model_decoder();
+
+    for (const auto & it : ggml_model_decoder->get_model_inputs()) {
+        params.push_back(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::Parameter>(it.second));
+        (*tensor_map)[it.first] = it.second;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & it : ggml_model_decoder->get_model_extra_inputs()) {
+        if (std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::Parameter>(it.second)) {
+            params.push_back(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::Parameter>(it.second));
+        }
+        (*tensor_map)[it.first] = it.second;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & it : ggml_model_decoder->get_model_weights()) {
+        (*tensor_map)[it.first] = it.second;
+    }
+
+    auto node_visitor = [&](std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder> decoder, int node_idx) {
+        auto operation_type = decoder->get_op_type(node_idx);
+        if (operation_type == "GGML_OP_NONE") {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ov::OutputVector converted_outputs;
+        auto it = m_translator_map.find(operation_type);
+        FRONT_END_OP_CONVERSION_CHECK(it != m_translator_map.end(), "Translation for operation type ", operation_type,
+                                      " is not implemented.");
+        NodeContext node_context(decoder, tensor_map, node_idx, this);
+        converted_outputs = it->second(node_context);
+
+        const auto & node_output_names = decoder->get_output_names(node_idx);
+        FRONT_END_OP_CONVERSION_CHECK(node_output_names.size() == converted_outputs.size(), "Number of ",
+                                      operation_type, " outputs greater than number of converted outputs, which are ",
+                                      node_output_names.size(), " and ", converted_outputs.size(), " respectively.");
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < node_output_names.size(); ++i) {
+            auto output_name = node_output_names[i];
+            if (i < converted_outputs.size() && converted_outputs[i].get_node_shared_ptr() != nullptr) {
+                (*tensor_map)[output_name] = converted_outputs[i];
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    if (!m_naive) {
+        preprocess(*tensor_map, *ggml_model_decoder);
+    }
+    ggml_model_decoder->visit_subgraph(node_visitor);
+
+    for (const auto & name : ggml_model_decoder->get_model_output_names()) {
+        FRONT_END_GENERAL_CHECK(tensor_map->find(name) != tensor_map->end(),
+                                "Output name not found in tensor map: ", name);
+        auto result = std::make_shared<v0::Result>(tensor_map->at(name));
+        result->set_friendly_name(name);
+        results.push_back(result);
+    }
+
+    ov::ParameterVector used_params;
+    for (const auto & param : params) {
+        if (!param->output(0).get_target_inputs().empty()) {
+            used_params.push_back(param);
+        }
+    }
+    // if (auto diff = params.size() - used_params.size()) {
+    //     GGML_LOG_INFO("%zu parameters are not used in the model.", diff);
+    // }
+    resulting_model = std::make_shared<Model>(results, used_params);
+
+    apply_transformations(resulting_model);
+    return resulting_model;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Model> TranslateSession::apply_transformations(std::shared_ptr<Model> model) {
+    auto ggml_model_decoder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<InputModel>(m_input_model)->get_model_decoder();
+    {
+        ov::pass::Manager manager;
+        manager.set_per_pass_validation(true);
+        manager.register_pass<ov::pass::MarkCompressedFloatConstants>();
+
+        if (ggml_model_decoder->is_stateful()) {
+            const auto kv_param_res_names = ggml_model_decoder->get_kv_param_res_names();
+            const auto kv_param_res_pairs = get_kv_param_res_pairs(model, kv_param_res_names);
+            manager.register_pass<ov::pass::MakeStateful>(kv_param_res_pairs);
+        }
+
+        if (ggml_model_decoder->is_static()) {
+            manager.register_pass<pass::EliminateZeroPoints>();
+            manager.register_pass<pass::SqueezeMatmul>();
+        }
+        manager.run_passes(model);
+        if (ggml_model_decoder->is_stateful()) {
+            auto output_names = ggml_model_decoder->get_model_output_names();
+            std::map<std::string, int> model_output_indexes;
+            for (size_t i=0; i<output_names.size(); i++) {
+                model_output_indexes.insert(std::make_pair(output_names[i], i));
+            }
+            ov::preprocess::PrePostProcessor ppp(model);
+            for (size_t i=0; i<model->get_output_size(); i++) {
+                auto output_friendly_name = model->output(i).get_node_shared_ptr()->get_friendly_name();
+                auto output_id = model_output_indexes[output_friendly_name];
+                auto model_output_shape = model->output(i).get_partial_shape();
+                auto decoder_output_shape = ggml_model_decoder->get_output_shape(output_id);
+                if (model_output_shape.rank().is_static() && decoder_output_shape.rank().is_static()
+                    && model_output_shape.rank().get_length() + 1 == decoder_output_shape.rank().get_length()
+                    && decoder_output_shape[0].is_static() && decoder_output_shape[0].get_length() == 1) {
+                    ppp.output(i).postprocess().custom([](const ov::Output<ov::Node>& node) {
+                        auto axes = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{1}, {0});
+                        return std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Unsqueeze>(node, axes);
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            model = ppp.build();
+        }
+    }
+    return model;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/translate_session.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/translate_session.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56a14ae7c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/translate_session.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "input_model.h"
+#include "node_context.h"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+class TranslateSession {
+public:
+    TranslateSession(const frontend::InputModel::Ptr& input_model,
+                     const std::unordered_map<std::string, CreatorFunction>& translator_map, bool naive = false);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Model> get_converted_model();
+    std::shared_ptr<Model> translate_graph(const frontend::InputModel::Ptr& input_model);
+
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<Model> apply_transformations(std::shared_ptr<Model> model);
+    const frontend::InputModel::Ptr m_input_model;
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, CreatorFunction>& m_translator_map;
+    std::shared_ptr<Model> m_ov_model;
+    bool m_naive;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..65356a51b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/clamp.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/cos.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/divide.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gather.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/maximum.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/shape_of.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/sin.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/squeeze.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/subtract.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+std::string getCurrentTime() {
+    std::time_t now = std::time(nullptr);
+    char buf[100];
+    std::strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", std::localtime(&now));
+    return buf;
+}
+
+void num_inputs_check(const NodeContext & context, size_t min_inputs, size_t max_inputs) {
+    auto input_size = context.get_input_size();
+    FRONT_END_OP_CONVERSION_CHECK(input_size >= min_inputs, "Got less inputs than expected");
+    FRONT_END_OP_CONVERSION_CHECK(input_size <= max_inputs, "Got more inputs than expected");
+}
+
+int non_cont_dim(std::vector<size_t> ne, std::vector<size_t> nb) {
+    int dim = nb.size() - 1;
+    size_t bytes = nb[dim];
+    for (int i = dim; i > 0; i--) {
+        bytes *= ne[i];
+        if (bytes != nb[i - 1]) {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> get_dimensions(const std::shared_ptr<ov::op::v3::ShapeOf> & shape,
+                                         const std::vector<int> & dims) {
+    using namespace ov::op;
+    const auto zero = v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{}, {0});
+    const auto dims_const = v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{dims.size()}, dims);
+    return std::make_shared<v8::Gather>(shape, dims_const, zero);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> get_dimensions(const std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> & node, const std::vector<int> & dims) {
+    return get_dimensions(std::make_shared<ov::op::v3::ShapeOf>(node), dims);
+}
+
+OutputVector rename_outputs_with_suffix(const OutputVector & outputs, const std::string & suffix) {
+    for (const auto & output : outputs) {
+        auto node = output.get_node_shared_ptr();
+        std::string name = node->get_friendly_name();
+        name += "_";
+        name += suffix;
+        node->set_friendly_name(name);
+        // std::cout << name << "  " << output.get_partial_shape() << std::endl;
+    }
+    return outputs;
+}
+
+namespace {
+ov::Output<ov::Node> rope_yarn_ramp_mix(int n_dims, const float corr_dims[2], float ext_factor) {
+    int half_n_dims = n_dims / 2;
+    std::vector<float> dim_ids_vec(half_n_dims);
+    std::iota(dim_ids_vec.begin(), dim_ids_vec.end(), 0);
+    auto dim_ids = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, (size_t) half_n_dims}, dim_ids_vec);
+    auto corr_low = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, 1}, {corr_dims[0]});
+    auto corr_high = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, 1}, {corr_dims[1]});
+    auto denom = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Maximum>(
+        std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(corr_high, corr_low),
+        ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, 1}, {0.001f}));
+    auto ramp_y =
+        std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Divide>(std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(dim_ids, corr_low), denom);
+    auto ramp_clamped = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Clamp>(ramp_y, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    auto ext_factor_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{}, {ext_factor});
+    auto ramp_mix = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(ramp_clamped, ext_factor_node);
+    return ramp_mix;
+}
+
+float ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dim(int n_dims, int n_ctx_orig, float n_rot, float base) {
+#ifndef M_PI
+#    define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
+#endif
+    return n_dims * logf(n_ctx_orig / (n_rot * 2 * (float) M_PI)) / (2 * logf(base));
+}
+
+void ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(int n_dims,
+                              int n_ctx_orig,
+                              float freq_base,
+                              float beta_fast,
+                              float beta_slow,
+                              float dims[2]) {
+    float start = floorf(ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dim(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, beta_fast, freq_base));
+    float end = ceilf(ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dim(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, beta_slow, freq_base));
+    dims[0] = std::max(0.0f, start);
+    dims[1] = std::min(static_cast<float>(n_dims - 1), end);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+std::pair<ov::Output<Node>, ov::Output<Node>> make_sin_cos(int32_t * rope_params,
+                                                           std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> inp_pos,
+                                                           std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> rope_freqs_weight,
+                                                           bool stateful) {
+    if (stateful) {
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Squeeze>(inp_pos, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0}));
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(inp_pos, ov::element::f32);
+        auto pos_perm =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{3}, std::vector<int64_t>{2, 1, 0});
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(inp_pos, pos_perm);
+    } else {
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(inp_pos, ov::element::f32);
+        auto pos_perm =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{4}, std::vector<int64_t>{0, 3, 1, 2});
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(inp_pos, pos_perm);
+    }
+
+    float freq_base;
+    float freq_scale;
+    float ext_factor;
+    float attn_factor;
+    float beta_fast;
+    float beta_slow;
+    const int n_dims = rope_params[1];
+    const int n_ctx_orig = rope_params[4];
+    memcpy(&freq_base, rope_params + 5, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&freq_scale, rope_params + 6, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&ext_factor, rope_params + 7, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&attn_factor, rope_params + 8, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_fast, rope_params + 9, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_slow, rope_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
+
+    float corr_dims[2];
+    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
+
+    std::vector<float> factor(n_dims / 2);
+    factor[0] = 1.0f;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < factor.size(); i++) {
+        factor[i] = theta_scale * factor[i - 1];
+    }
+
+    Output<Node> freq_factors;
+    if (stateful) {
+        freq_factors =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, factor.size()}, factor);
+    } else {
+        freq_factors =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, 1, factor.size()}, factor);
+    }
+    if (rope_freqs_weight) {
+        freq_factors = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Divide>(freq_factors, rope_freqs_weight);
+    }
+
+    auto theta_extrap = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(freq_factors, inp_pos);
+    auto theta_interp = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(
+        theta_extrap, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, {1}, {freq_scale}));
+
+    Output<Node> theta;
+    float mscale = attn_factor;
+    if (ext_factor == 0.0f) {
+        theta = theta_interp;
+    } else {
+        auto ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp_mix(n_dims, corr_dims, ext_factor);
+        Output<Node> one;
+        if (stateful) {
+            one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1}, {1.0f});
+        } else {
+            one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1.0f});
+        }
+        auto one_minus_ramp = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(one, ramp_mix);
+
+        theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(theta_interp, one_minus_ramp),
+                                                  std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(theta_extrap, ramp_mix));
+        mscale *= (1.0f + 0.1f * std::log(1.0f / freq_scale));
+    }
+
+    Output<Node> cos_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Cos>(theta);
+    Output<Node> sin_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Sin>(theta);
+
+    auto mscale_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{}, {mscale});
+
+    cos_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(cos_theta, mscale_node);
+    sin_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(sin_theta, mscale_node);
+    return std::make_pair(sin_theta, cos_theta);
+}
+
+ov::Output<ov::Node> process_view_input(const NodeContext & context, int input_index, int slice_len) {
+    // Only works for VIEW operations that slice at the lowest dimension
+    // If the VIEW also reshape the result, `slice_len` should be provided
+    auto input = context.get_input(input_index);
+    auto * op_params = (size_t *) context.get_input_op_params(input_index);
+    auto src1_stride = context.get_input_stride(input_index);
+
+    int64_t split_addr = op_params[0] / src1_stride[3];
+    if (slice_len == 0) {
+        slice_len = context.get_input_shape(input_index)[3].get_length();
+    }
+    int64_t slice_end = split_addr + slice_len;
+
+    auto begin = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {split_addr});
+    auto end = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {slice_end});
+    auto stride = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
+    auto axes = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {context.is_stateful() ? 2 : 3});
+    auto sliced = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Slice>(input, begin, end, stride, axes);
+    return sliced;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..88dcad4c906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/shape_of.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "node_context.h"
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+
+std::string getCurrentTime();
+
+void dump_ov_model(std::shared_ptr<ov::Model> model);
+
+void num_inputs_check(const NodeContext& context, size_t min_inputs, size_t max_inputs);
+
+int non_cont_dim(std::vector<size_t> ne, std::vector<size_t> nb);
+
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<int> argsort_descend(const std::vector<T>& v) {
+    std::vector<int> idx(v.size());
+    std::iota(idx.begin(), idx.end(), 0);
+    std::sort(idx.begin(), idx.end(), [&v](int i1, int i2) {
+        return v[i1] > v[i2];
+    });
+    return idx;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<T> sorted_descend(std::vector<T> v) {
+    std::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), [](T a, T b) {
+        return a > b;
+    });
+    return v;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool is_permuted(const std::vector<T>& strides) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < strides.size() - 1; ++i) {
+        if (strides[i] < strides[i + 1]) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<T> permute(const std::vector<T>& x, const std::vector<int>& perm) {
+    std::vector<T> result;
+    result.reserve(perm.size());
+    for (int i : perm) {
+        result.push_back(x[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> get_dimensions(const std::shared_ptr<ov::op::v3::ShapeOf>& shape,
+                                         const std::vector<int>& dims);
+std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> get_dimensions(const std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>& node, const std::vector<int>& dims);
+
+OutputVector rename_outputs_with_suffix(const OutputVector& outputs, const std::string& suffix);
+
+std::pair<ov::Output<Node>, ov::Output<Node>> make_sin_cos(int32_t* rope_params,
+                                                           std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> inp_pos,
+                                                           std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> rope_freqs_weight = nullptr,
+                                                           bool stateful = false);
+
+ov::Output<ov::Node> process_view_input(const NodeContext& context, int input_index, int slice_len = 0);
+
+namespace op {
+template <typename T>
+OutputVector translate_1to1_match_2_inputs(const NodeContext& context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 2, 2);
+    auto res = std::make_shared<T>(context.get_input(0), context.get_input(1));
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+}  // namespace op
+
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1b553a0de00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-openvino-extra.h"
+#include "ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "openvino/frontend.h"
+#include "openvino/input_model.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/core/any.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/graph_util.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/shape.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/type/float16.hpp>
+#include <openvino/frontend/manager.hpp>
+#include <openvino/openvino.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/compiled_model.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/infer_request.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/intel_npu/properties.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/properties.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/tensor.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Suppress  deprecation warning for ov::Tensor::data()
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_openvino_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_context *) backend->context;
+    try {
+        if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DUMP_CGRAPH")) {
+            std::string filename = "cgraph_ov.txt";
+            GgmlOvDecoder::dump_cgraph(cgraph, filename);
+        }
+
+        const auto is_static = ggml_openvino_is_npu();
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->runtime_context != nullptr);
+        std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx = std::static_pointer_cast<ov_runtime_context>(ctx->runtime_context);
+
+        return is_static ? ov_graph_compute_static(cgraph, r_ctx) : ov_graph_compute_dynamic(cgraph, r_ctx);
+    } catch (const ov::Exception & e) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("GGML OpenVINO backend ov::Exception: %s\n", e.what());
+        return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("GGML OpenVINO backend std::exception: %s\n", e.what());
+        return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+    } catch (...) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("GGML OpenVINO backend unknown exception\n");
+        return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+ov::Tensor create_ov_output_tensor(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder,
+                                   std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest> infer_request,
+                                   int output_index,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * ggml_tensor) {
+    auto output_type = ggml_decoder->get_ov_type(ggml_tensor);
+    ov::Shape output_shape;
+    if (ggml_decoder->is_static()) {
+        output_shape = infer_request->get_output_tensor(output_index).get_shape();
+    } else {
+        output_shape = ggml_decoder->get_shape(ggml_tensor);
+    }
+
+    ov::Tensor output_tensor(output_type, output_shape, ggml_tensor->data);
+    return output_tensor;
+}
+
+enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx) {
+    auto & core = ov_singleton_core();
+    const auto & config = ggml_openvino_get_compile_config();
+    auto device = r_ctx->device;
+    bool stateful = r_ctx->stateful;
+    static auto is_static = false;
+
+    if (is_naive(cgraph)) {
+        return naive_compute(cgraph, core, device, config);
+    }
+
+    auto start_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder;
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest> infer_request;
+    ModelParams m_params;
+    ComputeParams c_params;
+    std::tie(m_params, c_params) = GgmlOvDecoder::compute_llm_params(cgraph, is_static);
+
+    graph_key key(cgraph);
+    bool cache_hit;
+
+    int64_t decoder_end_time;
+    int64_t conversion_end_time;
+    int64_t compile_end_time;
+    int64_t infer_end_time;
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(r_ctx->ov_compute_mutex);
+
+        auto it = r_ctx->decoder_cache.find(key);
+
+        cache_hit = it != r_ctx->decoder_cache.end();
+        ModelParams old_m_params;
+        if (cache_hit) {
+            ggml_decoder = it->second;
+            old_m_params = ggml_decoder->get_model_params();
+            cache_hit = old_m_params.can_reuse_dynamically(m_params);
+        }
+
+        if (cache_hit) {
+            std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> model_weights;
+            ggml_decoder->set_compute_params(c_params);
+            ggml_decoder->set_model_params(m_params);
+            if (old_m_params.kv_buffer_changed(m_params)) {
+                ggml_decoder->update_io(cgraph);
+            }
+            ggml_decoder->add_extra_inputs();
+            infer_request = r_ctx->infer_request_cache.at(key);
+
+            if (stateful) {
+                const auto * inp_pos = get_inp_pos_tensor(cgraph);
+                int32_t * pos_data = (int32_t *) inp_pos->data;
+                auto pos_shape = ggml_decoder->get_shape(inp_pos);
+                if (pos_data[0] == 0) {
+                    infer_request->reset_state();
+                    r_ctx->stateful_kv_size = pos_shape[3];
+                } else if (r_ctx->stateful_kv_size == static_cast<size_t>(pos_data[0])) {
+                    r_ctx->stateful_kv_size += pos_shape[3];
+                } else {
+                    auto states = infer_request->query_state();
+                    for (auto state : states) {
+                        auto state_tensor = state.get_state();
+                        auto state_tensor_shape = state_tensor.get_shape();
+                        if (static_cast<uint32_t>(pos_data[0]) > r_ctx->stateful_kv_size) {
+                            std::string state_name;
+                            try {
+                                state_name = r_ctx->kv_state_input_name_map.at(state.get_name());
+                            } catch (...) {
+                                GGML_LOG_ERROR("GGML OpenVINO backend stateful inference failed: no input found for the state\n");
+                                return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+                            }
+                            auto kv_tensor = get_ov_input_tensor(ggml_decoder, state_name);
+                            kv_tensor.set_shape({state_tensor_shape[0], kv_tensor.get_shape()[2],
+                                                 state_tensor_shape[2], state_tensor_shape[3]});
+                           state_tensor = kv_tensor;
+                           state_tensor_shape = state_tensor.get_shape();
+                        }
+                        ov::Coordinate begin = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+                        ov::Coordinate end = {state_tensor_shape[0], static_cast<uint32_t>(pos_data[0]),
+                                              state_tensor_shape[2], state_tensor_shape[3]};
+                        ov::Tensor new_state_tensor(state_tensor, begin, end);
+                        state.set_state(new_state_tensor);
+                    }
+                    r_ctx->stateful_kv_size = pos_data[0] + 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            decoder_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+            conversion_end_time = decoder_end_time;
+            compile_end_time = decoder_end_time;
+        } else {
+            r_ctx->infer_request_cache.erase(key);
+
+            std::shared_ptr<ov::Model> model;
+            auto model_weights = GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(cgraph);
+
+            ggml_decoder = std::make_shared<GgmlOvDecoder>(cgraph, m_params, c_params, model_weights, is_static, stateful);
+            decoder_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+            auto input_model = std::make_shared<ov::frontend::ggml::InputModel>(ggml_decoder);
+            model = ov::frontend::ggml::FrontEnd::convert(input_model);
+            ggml_decoder->clear_model_weights();
+            conversion_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+            if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DUMP_IR")) {
+                char timestamped_filename[64];
+                auto timestamp = (long long) ggml_time_us();
+                snprintf(timestamped_filename, sizeof(timestamped_filename), "model_%lld.xml", timestamp);
+                ov::serialize(model, timestamped_filename);
+            }
+
+            ov::CompiledModel compiled_model;
+            auto remote_context = ggml_openvino_get_remote_context();
+            if (remote_context.has_value()) {
+                compiled_model = core.compile_model(model, remote_context.value(), config);
+            } else {
+                compiled_model = core.compile_model(model, device, config);
+            }
+            compile_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+            infer_request = std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model.create_infer_request());
+            r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key] = infer_request;
+            r_ctx->decoder_cache[key] = ggml_decoder;
+
+            std::vector<std::string> ov_input_names;
+            std::vector<std::string> ov_output_names;
+            for (const auto & ov_param : model->get_parameters()) {
+                ov_input_names.push_back(ov_param->get_friendly_name());
+            }
+            for (const auto & ov_output : model->get_results()) {
+                ov_output_names.push_back(ov_output->get_friendly_name());
+            }
+            r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_input_names);
+            r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_output_names);
+
+            if (stateful) {
+                const auto * inp_pos = get_inp_pos_tensor(cgraph);
+                auto pos_shape = ggml_decoder->get_shape(inp_pos);
+                r_ctx->stateful_kv_size = pos_shape[3];
+                const auto kv_param_res_names = ggml_decoder->get_kv_param_res_names();
+                for (const auto& pair : kv_param_res_names) {
+                    r_ctx->kv_state_input_name_map[pair.first+pair.second] = pair.first;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto ov_input_names = r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key];
+        auto ov_output_names = r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key];
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names.size(); i++) {
+            auto param_name = ov_input_names[i];
+            auto input_tensor = get_ov_input_tensor(ggml_decoder, param_name);
+            infer_request->set_input_tensor(i, input_tensor);
+
+            if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_INPUT")) {
+                print_input_tensor_info(param_name, input_tensor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+            auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_output_names[i]);
+            auto output_tensor = create_ov_output_tensor(ggml_decoder, infer_request, i, ggml_tensor);
+            infer_request->set_output_tensor(i, output_tensor);
+        }
+
+        infer_request->infer();
+        infer_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+        if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_OUTPUT")) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+                const auto output_tensor = infer_request->get_output_tensor(i);
+                print_output_tensor_info(ov_output_names[i], output_tensor, output_tensor.data());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_PROFILING")) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("\nGGML OpenVINO Backend: \n");
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph decoder time: %ld ms \n", (decoder_end_time - start_time) / 1000);
+            if (!cache_hit) {
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph conversion time: %ld ms \n", (conversion_end_time - decoder_end_time) / 1000);
+                GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph compile time: %ld ms \n", (compile_end_time - conversion_end_time) / 1000);
+            }
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph inference time: %ld ms \n", (infer_end_time - compile_end_time) / 1000);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx) {
+    auto & core = ov_singleton_core();
+
+    auto get_prefill_chunk_size = [] {
+        const char * chunk_size_str = getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_PREFILL_CHUNK_SIZE");
+        if (chunk_size_str && atoi(chunk_size_str) > 0) {
+            return atoi(chunk_size_str);
+        }
+        return 256;
+    };
+
+    static std::string device = "NPU";
+    static auto is_static = true;
+    static auto stateful = false;
+    static auto prefill_chunk_size = get_prefill_chunk_size();
+    const auto & config = ggml_openvino_get_compile_config();
+
+    if (is_naive(cgraph)) {
+        return naive_compute(cgraph, core, device, config);
+    }
+
+    auto start_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder;
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest> infer_request;
+    ModelParams m_params;
+    ComputeParams c_params;
+    std::tie(m_params, c_params) = GgmlOvDecoder::compute_llm_params(cgraph, is_static);
+
+    const auto * inp_pos = get_inp_pos_tensor(cgraph);
+    const auto is_prefill = get_is_prefill(inp_pos);
+    graph_key key(cgraph);
+    bool cache_hit;
+
+    int64_t decoder_end_time;
+    int64_t conversion_end_time;
+    int64_t compile_end_time;
+    int64_t infer_end_time;
+
+    auto it = r_ctx->decoder_cache.find(key);
+
+    cache_hit = it != r_ctx->decoder_cache.end();
+    ModelParams old_m_params;
+    if (cache_hit) {
+        ggml_decoder = it->second;
+        old_m_params = ggml_decoder->get_model_params();
+        cache_hit = old_m_params.can_reuse_statically(m_params);
+    }
+
+    if (cache_hit) {
+        std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> model_weights;
+        ggml_decoder->m_is_prefill = is_prefill;
+        ggml_decoder->set_model_params(m_params);
+        ggml_decoder->set_compute_params(c_params);
+        if (old_m_params.kv_buffer_changed(m_params)) {
+            ggml_decoder->update_io(cgraph);
+        }
+        ggml_decoder->add_extra_inputs();
+        infer_request = is_prefill ? r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill.at(key) : r_ctx->infer_request_cache.at(key);
+
+        decoder_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+        conversion_end_time = decoder_end_time;
+        compile_end_time = decoder_end_time;
+    } else {
+        r_ctx->infer_request_cache.erase(key);
+        r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill.erase(key);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<ov::Model> model;
+        auto model_weights = GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(cgraph);
+
+        auto ggml_decoder_prefill = std::make_shared<GgmlOvDecoder>(cgraph, m_params, c_params, model_weights,
+                                                                    is_static, stateful, true, prefill_chunk_size);
+        auto ggml_decoder_decode = std::make_shared<GgmlOvDecoder>(cgraph, m_params, c_params, model_weights, is_static,
+                                                                   stateful, false, prefill_chunk_size);
+        decoder_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+        auto input_model_prefill = std::make_shared<ov::frontend::ggml::InputModel>(ggml_decoder_prefill);
+        auto input_model_decode = std::make_shared<ov::frontend::ggml::InputModel>(ggml_decoder_decode);
+
+        auto model_prefill = ov::frontend::ggml::FrontEnd::convert(input_model_prefill);
+        ggml_decoder_prefill->clear_model_weights();
+        auto model_decode = ov::frontend::ggml::FrontEnd::convert(input_model_decode);
+        ggml_decoder_decode->clear_model_weights();
+        conversion_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+        if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DUMP_IR")) {
+            char timestamped_filename[64];
+            auto timestamp = (long long) ggml_time_us();
+            snprintf(timestamped_filename, sizeof(timestamped_filename), "model_prefill_%lld.xml", timestamp);
+            ov::serialize(model_prefill, timestamped_filename);
+            snprintf(timestamped_filename, sizeof(timestamped_filename), "model_decode_%lld.xml", timestamp);
+            ov::serialize(model_decode, timestamped_filename);
+        }
+
+        ov::CompiledModel compiled_model_prefill;
+        ov::CompiledModel compiled_model_decode;
+        auto remote_context = ggml_openvino_get_remote_context();
+        if (remote_context.has_value()) {
+            compiled_model_prefill = core.compile_model(model_prefill, remote_context.value(), config);
+            compiled_model_decode = core.compile_model(model_decode, remote_context.value(), config);
+        } else {
+            compiled_model_prefill = core.compile_model(model_prefill, device, config);
+            compiled_model_decode = core.compile_model(model_decode, device, config);
+        }
+
+        r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill[key] =
+            std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model_prefill.create_infer_request());
+        r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key] =
+            std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model_decode.create_infer_request());
+        compile_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+        model = is_prefill ? model_prefill : model_decode;
+        ggml_decoder = is_prefill ? ggml_decoder_prefill : ggml_decoder_decode;
+        infer_request = is_prefill ? r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill[key] : r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key];
+        r_ctx->decoder_cache[key] = ggml_decoder;
+
+        std::vector<std::string> ov_input_names;
+        std::vector<std::string> ov_output_names;
+        for (const auto & ov_param : model->get_parameters()) {
+            ov_input_names.push_back(ov_param->get_friendly_name());
+        }
+        for (const auto & ov_output : model->get_results()) {
+            ov_output_names.push_back(ov_output->get_friendly_name());
+        }
+        r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_input_names);
+        r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_output_names);
+    }
+
+    auto ov_input_names = r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key];
+    auto ov_output_names = r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key];
+
+    if (is_prefill) {
+        auto inp_len = inp_pos->ne[0];
+        for (int chunk_index = 0; chunk_index * prefill_chunk_size < inp_len; chunk_index++) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names.size(); i++) {
+                auto param_name = ov_input_names[i];
+                auto input_tensor = get_ov_input_tensor_static_prefill(ggml_decoder, param_name, chunk_index);
+                infer_request->set_input_tensor(i, input_tensor);
+
+                if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_INPUT")) {
+                    const auto input_tensor = infer_request->get_input_tensor(i);
+                    print_input_tensor_info(param_name, input_tensor);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+                auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_output_names[i]);
+                auto output_tensor = create_ov_output_tensor(ggml_decoder, infer_request, i, ggml_tensor);
+                infer_request->set_output_tensor(i, output_tensor);
+            }
+
+            infer_request->infer();
+
+            if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_OUTPUT")) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+                    const auto output_tensor = infer_request->get_output_tensor(i);
+                    print_output_tensor_info(ov_output_names[i], output_tensor, output_tensor.data());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        infer_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+    } else {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names.size(); i++) {
+            auto param_name = ov_input_names[i];
+            auto input_tensor = get_ov_input_tensor_static_decode(ggml_decoder, param_name);
+            infer_request->set_input_tensor(i, input_tensor);
+
+            if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_INPUT")) {
+                const auto input_tensor = infer_request->get_input_tensor(i);
+                print_input_tensor_info(param_name, input_tensor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+            auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_output_names[i]);
+            auto output_tensor = create_ov_output_tensor(ggml_decoder, infer_request, i, ggml_tensor);
+            infer_request->set_output_tensor(i, output_tensor);
+        }
+
+        infer_request->infer();
+        infer_end_time = ggml_time_us();
+
+        if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_OUTPUT")) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+                const auto output_tensor = infer_request->get_output_tensor(i);
+                print_output_tensor_info(ov_output_names[i], output_tensor, output_tensor.data());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_PROFILING")) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("\nGGML OpenVINO Backend: \n");
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph decoder time: %ld ms \n", (decoder_end_time - start_time) / 1000);
+        if (!cache_hit) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph conversion time: %ld ms \n", (conversion_end_time - decoder_end_time) / 1000);
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph compile time: %ld ms \n", (compile_end_time - conversion_end_time) / 1000);
+        }
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  - Graph inference time: %ld ms \n", (infer_end_time - compile_end_time) / 1000);
+    }
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool is_naive(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    constexpr int naive_graph_size_threshold = 20;
+    int count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        if (cgraph->nodes[i]->op != GGML_OP_NONE) {
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    return count < naive_graph_size_threshold;
+}
+
+enum ggml_status naive_compute(ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                               ov::Core & core,
+                               const std::string & device,
+                               const ov::AnyMap & config) {
+    if (cgraph->n_nodes == 1 && (cgraph->nodes[0]->op == GGML_OP_NONE || cgraph->nodes[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW)) {
+        return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    bool naive = true;
+    auto model_weights = GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(cgraph, naive);
+    auto decoder = std::make_shared<GgmlOvDecoder>(cgraph, model_weights);
+    auto input_model = std::make_shared<ov::frontend::ggml::InputModel>(decoder);
+    auto model = ov::frontend::ggml::FrontEnd::convert(input_model, naive);
+    if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DUMP_IR")) {
+        ov::serialize(model, "IR_naive.xml");
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest> infer_request;
+    auto remote_context = ggml_openvino_get_remote_context();
+    if (cgraph->nodes[0]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
+        // TODO ACCURACY hint triggers a bug in GPU plugin/driver on Lunar Lake. Remove once CVS-182166 is resolved
+        core.set_property(device, ov::hint::execution_mode(ov::hint::ExecutionMode::PERFORMANCE));
+    } else {
+        core.set_property(device, ov::hint::execution_mode(ov::hint::ExecutionMode::ACCURACY));
+    }
+    if (remote_context.has_value()) {
+        infer_request = std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(
+            core.compile_model(model, remote_context.value(), config).create_infer_request());
+    } else {
+        infer_request =
+            std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(core.compile_model(model, device, config).create_infer_request());
+    }
+
+    auto ov_params = model->get_parameters();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_params.size(); i++) {
+        auto param_name = ov_params[i]->get_friendly_name();
+        auto input_tensor = get_ov_input_tensor(decoder, param_name);
+        infer_request->set_input_tensor(i, input_tensor);
+    }
+
+    auto ov_results = model->get_results();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_results.size(); i++) {
+        auto * ggml_tensor = decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_results[i]->get_friendly_name());
+        auto output_tensor = create_ov_output_tensor(decoder, infer_request, i, ggml_tensor);
+        infer_request->set_output_tensor(i, output_tensor);
+    }
+
+    infer_request->infer();
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+namespace {
+ov::Tensor convert_ggml_input_to_ov(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder, const std::string & name) {
+    const auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_input_ggml_tensor(name);
+
+    if (ggml_tensor->extra != nullptr) {
+        // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Using ggml_tensor->extra as ov::Tensor for input: %s\n", name.c_str());
+        auto * extra_base = static_cast<ggml_openvino_extra_base *>(ggml_tensor->extra);
+        if (extra_base->type != ggml_openvino_extra_base::Type::TENSOR) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("ggml tensor extra is not of type TENSOR for input: " + name);
+        }
+        auto * tensor_extra = static_cast<ggml_openvino_tensor_extra *>(extra_base);
+        return *tensor_extra->tensor;
+    }
+
+    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("Converting ggml tensor to ov::Tensor for input: %s\n", name.c_str());
+    auto * input_data = ggml_tensor->data;
+    ov::Shape input_shape;
+    if (ggml_tensor->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+        // This case is added to make test-backend-ops work
+        input_shape = ggml_decoder->get_shape(ggml_tensor->view_src);
+    } else {
+        input_shape = ggml_decoder->get_shape(ggml_tensor);
+    }
+    auto input_tensor = ov::Tensor(ggml_decoder->get_ov_type(ggml_tensor), input_shape, input_data);
+    return input_tensor;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+ov::Tensor get_ov_input_tensor(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder, const std::string & param_name) {
+    ov::Tensor input_tensor;
+    if (ggml_decoder->get_model_extra_inputs().find(param_name) != ggml_decoder->get_model_extra_inputs().end()) {
+        input_tensor = *ggml_decoder->get_model_extra_input_values().at(param_name);
+    } else {
+        input_tensor = convert_ggml_input_to_ov(ggml_decoder, param_name);
+    }
+    return input_tensor;
+}
+
+ov::Tensor get_ov_input_tensor_static_decode(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder,
+                                             const std::string & param_name) {
+    // NPU decoding stage
+    const auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_input_ggml_tensor(param_name);
+    const auto * op = ggml_decoder->get_tensor_used_op(ggml_tensor);
+
+    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_tok(ggml_tensor, op) || GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_pos(ggml_tensor, op) ||
+        GgmlOvDecoder::is_kv_idx(ggml_tensor, op)) {
+        assert(ggml_tensor->ne[0] == 1);
+        ov::Shape input_shape = {1, 1, 1, 1};
+        ov::Tensor input_tensor(ggml_decoder->get_ov_type(ggml_tensor), input_shape);
+        if (ggml_tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+            *input_tensor.data<int32_t>() = *((int32_t *) ggml_tensor->data);
+        } else if (ggml_tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+            *input_tensor.data<int64_t>() = *((int64_t *) ggml_tensor->data);
+        } else {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected tensor type for " + param_name);
+        }
+        return input_tensor;
+    }
+
+    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_output_idx(ggml_tensor, op)) {
+        ov::Shape input_shape = {1, 1, 1, 1};
+        ov::Tensor input_tensor(ggml_decoder->get_ov_type(ggml_tensor), input_shape);
+        int32_t inp_out_id = *((int32_t *) ggml_tensor->data);
+        assert(ggml_tensor->ne[0] == 1);
+        assert(inp_out_id == 0);
+        *input_tensor.data<int32_t>() = inp_out_id;
+        return input_tensor;
+    }
+
+    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_mask(ggml_tensor, op)) {
+        size_t context_size = ggml_decoder->get_ctx_size();
+        std::vector<float> padded_data = pad_input<float>(ggml_tensor, 1, context_size, -INFINITY);
+        ov::Tensor input_tensor(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, 1, context_size});
+        auto * data_ptr = input_tensor.data<float>();
+        std::copy(padded_data.begin(), padded_data.begin() + context_size, data_ptr);
+        return input_tensor;
+    }
+
+    return get_ov_input_tensor(ggml_decoder, param_name);
+}
+
+ov::Tensor get_ov_input_tensor_static_prefill(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder,
+                                              const std::string & param_name,
+                                              int chunk_index) {
+    // NPU prompt processing stage
+    const auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_input_ggml_tensor(param_name);
+    const auto * op = ggml_decoder->get_tensor_used_op(ggml_tensor);
+
+    const size_t input_len = ggml_decoder->get_input_len();
+    const size_t chunk_size = ggml_decoder->m_prefill_chunk_size;
+    const size_t chunk_valid_size = std::min(chunk_size, input_len - chunk_index * chunk_size);
+    const size_t chunk_pad_size = chunk_size - chunk_valid_size;
+
+    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_tok(ggml_tensor, op) || GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_pos(ggml_tensor, op) ||
+        GgmlOvDecoder::is_kv_idx(ggml_tensor, op)) {
+        ov::Shape input_shape = {1, 1, 1, chunk_size};
+        ov::Tensor input_tensor(ggml_decoder->get_ov_type(ggml_tensor), input_shape);
+        // copy the chunk_index-th chunk from ggml_tensor
+        size_t element_size = ggml_type_size(ggml_tensor->type);
+        void * input_data = (char *) ggml_tensor->data + chunk_index * chunk_size * element_size;
+        std::memcpy(input_tensor.data(), input_data, chunk_valid_size * element_size);
+        // pad the rest with last_value + 1, so that kv's of padded positions are inserted
+        // to the next row after the valids row in the kvcache
+        if (chunk_pad_size > 0) {
+            if (ggml_tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+                int32_t last_value =
+                    *((int32_t *) ggml_tensor->data + (chunk_index * chunk_size + chunk_valid_size - 1));
+                int32_t * output_data = input_tensor.data<int32_t>();
+                std::fill(output_data + chunk_valid_size, output_data + chunk_size, last_value + 1);
+            } else if (ggml_tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+                int64_t last_value =
+                    *((int64_t *) ggml_tensor->data + (chunk_index * chunk_size + chunk_valid_size - 1));
+                int64_t * output_data = input_tensor.data<int64_t>();
+                std::fill(output_data + chunk_valid_size, output_data + chunk_size, last_value + 1);
+            } else {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected tensor type for " + param_name);
+            }
+        }
+        return input_tensor;
+    }
+
+    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_output_idx(ggml_tensor, op)) {
+        size_t output_len = ggml_decoder->get_compute_params().output_len;
+        ov::Shape input_shape = {1, 1, 1, output_len};
+        ov::Tensor input_tensor(ggml_decoder->get_ov_type(ggml_tensor), input_shape);
+        if (ggml_tensor->ne[0] == 0) {
+            *input_tensor.data<int32_t>() = 0;
+        } else {
+            auto * data_addr = input_tensor.data<int32_t>();
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < output_len; i++) {
+                data_addr[i] = ((int32_t *) ggml_tensor->data)[i] % chunk_size;
+            }
+        }
+        return input_tensor;
+    }
+
+    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_mask(ggml_tensor, op)) {
+        size_t cols = ggml_tensor->ne[0];
+        size_t rows = ggml_tensor->ne[1];
+        float * ggml_data = (float *) ggml_tensor->data + chunk_index * chunk_size * cols;
+        size_t chunk_valid_rows = std::min(chunk_size, rows - chunk_index * chunk_size);
+        size_t context_size = ggml_decoder->get_ctx_size();
+        std::vector<float> padded_data =
+            pad_input<float>(ggml_data, chunk_valid_rows, cols, chunk_size, context_size, -INFINITY);
+        set_zero_diagonal(padded_data, chunk_size, context_size);
+        ov::Tensor input_tensor(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, chunk_size, context_size});
+        auto * data_ptr = input_tensor.data<float>();
+        std::copy(padded_data.begin(), padded_data.begin() + chunk_size * context_size, data_ptr);
+        return input_tensor;
+    }
+
+    return get_ov_input_tensor(ggml_decoder, param_name);
+}
+
+size_t checksum(const void * data, size_t size) {
+    const uint8_t * bytes = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data);
+    size_t sum = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        sum += (uint8_t) i;
+        sum += bytes[i];
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+
+void print_input_tensor_info(const std::string & name, const ov::Tensor & tensor) {
+    std::cout << "Input name: " << name << ", Input shape: " << tensor.get_shape() << ", Address: " << tensor.data()
+              << std::endl;
+    switch (tensor.get_element_type()) {
+    case ov::element::f32: {
+        if (name.find("self_kq_mask") == std::string::npos) {
+            std::cout << *(tensor.data<float>()) << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            size_t rows = tensor.get_shape()[2];
+            size_t cols = tensor.get_shape()[3];
+            auto * data = tensor.data<float>();
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < cols; ++j) {
+                    float val = data[i * cols + j];
+                    if (std::isinf(val) && val < 0) {
+                        std::cout << std::setw(5) << "-inf";
+                    } else {
+                        std::cout << std::setw(5) << val;
+                    }
+                }
+                std::cout << std::endl;
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+    case ov::element::f16:
+        std::cout << *(tensor.data<ov::float16>()) << std::endl;
+        break;
+    case ov::element::i32:
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tensor.get_size(); ++i) {
+            std::cout << tensor.data<int32_t>()[i] << " ";
+        }
+        std::cout << std::endl;
+        break;
+    case ov::element::i64:
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tensor.get_size(); ++i) {
+            std::cout << tensor.data<int64_t>()[i] << " ";
+        }
+        std::cout << std::endl;
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void print_output_tensor_info(const std::string & name, const ov::Tensor & tensor, const void * output_dst) {
+    std::cout << "Output name: " << name << ", Output shape: " << tensor.get_shape() << ", Address: " << output_dst
+              << std::endl;
+
+    auto print_float_stats = [](const std::string & type_name, size_t size, auto get_value) {
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float first = get_value(0);
+        float min = first;
+        float max = first;
+        double sum = first;
+
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
+            float v = get_value(i);
+            if (v < min) {
+                min = v;
+            }
+            if (v > max) {
+                max = v;
+            }
+            sum += v;
+        }
+        double mean = sum / size;
+
+        std::cout << std::right << std::setw(6) << type_name << std::right << std::setw(12) << "First" << std::setw(12)
+                  << "Min" << std::setw(12) << "Max" << std::setw(12) << "Mean" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << std::right << std::setw(6) << "" << std::right << std::setw(12) << first << std::setw(12) << min
+                  << std::setw(12) << max << std::setw(12) << mean << std::endl;
+    };
+
+    switch (tensor.get_element_type()) {
+    case ov::element::f32: {
+        const float * data = tensor.data<float>();
+        size_t size = tensor.get_size();
+        print_float_stats("[f32]", size, [data](size_t i) { return data[i]; });
+        break;
+    }
+    case ov::element::f16: {
+        const ov::float16 * data = tensor.data<ov::float16>();
+        size_t size = tensor.get_size();
+        print_float_stats("[f16]", size, [data](size_t i) { return static_cast<float>(data[i]); });
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void set_zero_diagonal(std::vector<float> & matrix, size_t rows, size_t cols) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
+        size_t diag_col = std::min(i, cols - 1);
+        matrix[i * cols + diag_col] = 0.0f;
+    }
+}
+
+const ggml_tensor * get_inp_pos_tensor(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+        auto * op = cgraph->nodes[i];
+        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++j) {
+            auto * src = op->src[j];
+            if (src == nullptr) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_pos(src, op)) {
+                return src;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    GGML_LOG_ERROR("get_inp_pos_tensor: inp_pos not found in cgraph");
+    throw std::runtime_error("get_inp_pos_tensor: inp_pos not found in cgraph");
+}
+
+bool get_is_prefill(const ggml_tensor * inp_pos) {
+    return inp_pos->ne[0] > 1;
+}
+
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.h b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..656573d1389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-decoder.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+#include <openvino/runtime/core.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/infer_request.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct graph_key {
+    int n_nodes;
+    std::string first_node_name;
+    std::string last_node_name;
+
+    graph_key(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph) : n_nodes(cgraph->n_nodes) {
+        if (n_nodes > 0) {
+            first_node_name = cgraph->nodes[0]->name;
+            last_node_name = cgraph->nodes[n_nodes - 1]->name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const graph_key & other) const {
+        return n_nodes == other.n_nodes && first_node_name == other.first_node_name &&
+               last_node_name == other.last_node_name;
+    }
+};
+
+struct graph_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const graph_key & key) const {
+        size_t h = std::hash<int>{}(key.n_nodes);
+        if (key.n_nodes > 0) {
+            h ^= std::hash<std::string>{}(key.first_node_name) + 0x9e3779b9 + (h << 6) + (h >> 2);
+            h ^= std::hash<std::string>{}(key.last_node_name) + 0x9e3779b9 + (h << 6) + (h >> 2);
+        }
+        return h;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ov_runtime_context {
+    std::mutex ov_compute_mutex;
+    std::string device;
+    bool stateful;
+    std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder>, graph_key_hash> decoder_cache;
+    std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest>, graph_key_hash> infer_request_cache;
+    std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest>, graph_key_hash> infer_request_cache_prefill;
+    std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::vector<std::string>, graph_key_hash> ov_input_names_cache;
+    std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::vector<std::string>, graph_key_hash> ov_output_names_cache;
+    //TODO: Stateful is only supported for single request at a time.
+    //      Simultanous stateful inference request support to be added.
+    size_t stateful_kv_size;
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> kv_state_input_name_map;
+
+    ov_runtime_context() :
+        device("CPU"),
+        stateful(false),
+        stateful_kv_size(0) {}
+};
+
+enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, ggml_backend_t backend);
+
+enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx);
+enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx);
+
+size_t checksum(const void * data, size_t size);
+
+void print_input_tensor_info(const std::string & name, const ov::Tensor & tensor);
+
+void print_output_tensor_info(const std::string & name, const ov::Tensor & tensor, const void * output_dst);
+
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<T> pad_input(const T * data,
+                         size_t rows,
+                         size_t cols,
+                         size_t padded_rows,
+                         size_t padded_cols,
+                         T pad_value) {
+    std::vector<T> padded(padded_rows * padded_cols, pad_value);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(rows, padded_rows); ++i) {
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < std::min(cols, padded_cols); ++j) {
+            padded[i * padded_cols + j] = data[i * cols + j];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return padded;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<T> pad_input(const ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t padded_rows, size_t padded_cols, T pad_value) {
+    return pad_input<T>(reinterpret_cast<const T *>(tensor->data),
+                        static_cast<size_t>(tensor->ne[1]),  // rows
+                        static_cast<size_t>(tensor->ne[0]),  // cols
+                        padded_rows, padded_cols, pad_value);
+}
+
+void set_zero_diagonal(std::vector<float> & matrix, size_t rows, size_t cols);
+
+const ggml_tensor * get_inp_pos_tensor(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
+
+bool get_is_prefill(const ggml_tensor * inp_pos);
+
+ov::Tensor get_ov_input_tensor(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder, const std::string & param_name);
+ov::Tensor get_ov_input_tensor_static_decode(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder,
+                                             const std::string & param_name);
+ov::Tensor get_ov_input_tensor_static_prefill(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder,
+                                              const std::string & param_name,
+                                              int chunk_index);
+
+ov::Tensor create_ov_output_tensor(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder,
+                                   std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest> infer_request,
+                                   int output_index,
+                                   const ggml_tensor * ggml_tensor);
+
+bool is_naive(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
+
+enum ggml_status naive_compute(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                               ov::Core & core,
+                               const std::string & device,
+                               const ov::AnyMap & config);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp
index a3c82d67577..e078ad14a39 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp
@@ -64,9 +64,11 @@ struct ggml_opt_context {
     int32_t opt_i              = 0;
     bool    loss_per_datapoint = false;
 
-    ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params get_opt_pars = nullptr;
-    void * get_opt_pars_ud                     = nullptr;
-    struct ggml_tensor * adamw_params          = nullptr;
+    ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params get_opt_pars    = nullptr;
+    void *                        get_opt_pars_ud = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor *          opt_step_params = nullptr; // Stores output of get_opt_pars.
+
+    enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type optimizer = GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW;
 };
 
 struct ggml_opt_result {
@@ -229,9 +231,13 @@ struct ggml_opt_optimizer_params ggml_opt_get_default_optimizer_params(void * us
     result.adamw.eps   = 1e-8f;
     result.adamw.wd    = 0.0f;
 
+    result.sgd.alpha   = 1e-3f;
+    result.sgd.wd      = 0.0f;
+
     return result;
 }
 
+
 struct ggml_opt_optimizer_params ggml_opt_get_constant_optimizer_params(void * userdata) {
     return *((struct ggml_opt_optimizer_params *) userdata);
 }
@@ -249,6 +255,7 @@ struct ggml_opt_params ggml_opt_default_params(
         /*opt_period      =*/ 1,
         /*get_opt_pars    =*/ ggml_opt_get_default_optimizer_params,
         /*get_opt_pars_ud =*/ nullptr,
+        /*optimizer       =*/ GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW,
     };
 }
 
@@ -316,9 +323,14 @@ static void ggml_opt_build(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx) {
     GGML_ASSERT(opt_ctx->ctx_compute && "no compute context set, either use static graphs or set one with ggml_opt_prepare_alloc");
     GGML_ASSERT((!opt_ctx->static_graphs || opt_ctx->inputs->data) && "when using static graphs the inputs must be allocated statically");
 
+    const enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type optimizer = opt_ctx->optimizer;
+
     const bool accumulate = opt_ctx->build_type_alloc >= GGML_OPT_BUILD_TYPE_GRAD &&
         !(opt_ctx->static_graphs && opt_ctx->build_type_alloc == GGML_OPT_BUILD_TYPE_OPT && opt_ctx->opt_period == 1);
 
+    const bool need_momenta = opt_ctx->build_type_alloc == GGML_OPT_BUILD_TYPE_OPT &&
+        opt_ctx->optimizer == GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW;
+
     ggml_set_input(opt_ctx->inputs);
     ggml_set_output(opt_ctx->outputs);
 
@@ -340,8 +352,7 @@ static void ggml_opt_build(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx) {
         //   - pred (if using static graphs)
         //   - ncorrect (if using static graphs, 2 tensors).
         constexpr size_t n_loss = 1;
-        const size_t tensors_per_param = (accumulate ? 1 : 0) +
-            (opt_ctx->build_type_alloc == GGML_OPT_BUILD_TYPE_OPT ? 2 : 0);
+        const size_t tensors_per_param = (accumulate ? 1 : 0) + (need_momenta ? 2 : 0);
         const size_t tensors_const = opt_ctx->static_graphs ? 9 : 0;
         const size_t size_meta = (n_loss + tensors_per_param*n_param + tensors_const) * ggml_tensor_overhead();
         struct ggml_init_params params = {
@@ -458,7 +469,7 @@ static void ggml_opt_build(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx) {
             }
         }
 
-        if (opt_ctx->build_type_alloc >= GGML_OPT_BUILD_TYPE_OPT) {
+        if (need_momenta && opt_ctx->build_type_alloc >= GGML_OPT_BUILD_TYPE_OPT) {
             opt_ctx->grad_m.resize(n_nodes);
             opt_ctx->grad_v.resize(n_nodes);
             for (int i = 0; i < n_nodes; ++i) {
@@ -492,23 +503,36 @@ static void ggml_opt_build(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx) {
     // gb_opt == graph backward optimize, forward pass, then backward pass to calculate gradients, then optimizer step.
     opt_ctx->gb_opt = ggml_graph_dup(opt_ctx->ctx_compute, opt_ctx->gb_grad, /*force_grads =*/ true);
 
-    opt_ctx->adamw_params = ggml_new_tensor_1d(opt_ctx->ctx_cpu, GGML_TYPE_F32, 7);
-    ggml_set_input(opt_ctx->adamw_params);
-    ggml_set_name(opt_ctx->adamw_params, "adamw_params");
-
+    opt_ctx->opt_step_params = ggml_new_tensor_1d(opt_ctx->ctx_cpu, GGML_TYPE_F32, need_momenta ? 7 : 2);
+    ggml_tensor * adamw_params = opt_ctx->opt_step_params;
+    ggml_set_input(adamw_params);
+    const char * optimizer_name = ggml_opt_optimizer_name(opt_ctx->optimizer);
+    ggml_format_name(adamw_params, "%s_params", optimizer_name);
     for (int i = opt_ctx->gf->n_nodes-1; i >= 0; --i) {
         struct ggml_tensor * node = opt_ctx->gb_opt->nodes[i];
         struct ggml_tensor * grad = ggml_graph_get_grad(opt_ctx->gb_opt, node);
 
         if (grad && (node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_PARAM)) {
-            struct ggml_tensor * m        = opt_ctx->grad_m[i];
-            struct ggml_tensor * v        = opt_ctx->grad_v[i];
-            struct ggml_tensor * opt_step = ggml_opt_step_adamw(opt_ctx->ctx_compute, node, grad, m, v, opt_ctx->adamw_params);
-
-            ggml_set_name(m,        (std::string("AdamW m for ")    + std::string(node->name)).c_str());
-            ggml_set_name(v,        (std::string("AdamW v for ")    + std::string(node->name)).c_str());
-            ggml_set_name(opt_step, (std::string("AdamW step for ") + std::string(node->name)).c_str());
-
+            struct ggml_tensor * m = nullptr;
+            struct ggml_tensor * v = nullptr;
+            if (need_momenta) {
+                m = opt_ctx->grad_m[i];
+                v = opt_ctx->grad_v[i];
+                ggml_format_name(m, "AdamW m for %s", node->name);
+                ggml_format_name(v, "AdamW v for %s", node->name);
+            }
+            struct ggml_tensor * opt_step;
+            switch (optimizer) {
+                case GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW:
+                    opt_step = ggml_opt_step_adamw(opt_ctx->ctx_compute, node, grad, m, v, adamw_params);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_SGD:
+                    opt_step = ggml_opt_step_sgd(opt_ctx->ctx_compute, node, grad, adamw_params);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+            ggml_format_name(opt_step, "%s step for %s", optimizer_name, node->name);
             ggml_build_forward_expand(opt_ctx->gb_opt, opt_step);
         }
     }
@@ -534,6 +558,7 @@ ggml_opt_context_t ggml_opt_init(struct ggml_opt_params params) {
     result->opt_period       = params.opt_period;
     result->get_opt_pars     = params.get_opt_pars;
     result->get_opt_pars_ud  = params.get_opt_pars_ud;
+    result->optimizer        = params.optimizer;
 
     GGML_ASSERT(result->opt_period >= 1);
 
@@ -756,29 +781,43 @@ void ggml_opt_alloc(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx, bool backward) {
 void ggml_opt_eval(ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx, ggml_opt_result_t result) {
     GGML_ASSERT(opt_ctx->eval_ready);
     if (opt_ctx->allocated_graph == opt_ctx->gb_opt) {
-        struct ggml_opt_optimizer_params opt_pars = opt_ctx->get_opt_pars(opt_ctx->get_opt_pars_ud);
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.alpha >  0.0f);
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta1 >= 0.0f);
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta1 <= 1.0f);
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta2 >= 0.0f);
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta2 <= 1.0f);
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.eps   >= 0.0f);
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.wd    >= 0.0f);
-        GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.wd    <= 1.0f);
-
-        // beta1, beta2 after applying warmup
-        const float beta1h = 1.0f/(1.0f - powf(opt_pars.adamw.beta1, opt_ctx->iter));
-        const float beta2h = 1.0f/(1.0f - powf(opt_pars.adamw.beta2, opt_ctx->iter));
-
-        float * adamw_par_data = ggml_get_data_f32(opt_ctx->adamw_params);
-        adamw_par_data[0] = opt_pars.adamw.alpha;
-        adamw_par_data[1] = opt_pars.adamw.beta1;
-        adamw_par_data[2] = opt_pars.adamw.beta2;
-        adamw_par_data[3] = opt_pars.adamw.eps;
-        adamw_par_data[4] = opt_pars.adamw.wd;
-        adamw_par_data[5] = beta1h;
-        adamw_par_data[6] = beta2h;
+        const ggml_opt_optimizer_params & opt_pars = opt_ctx->get_opt_pars(opt_ctx->get_opt_pars_ud);
+
+        switch (opt_ctx->optimizer) {
+            case GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW: {
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.alpha > 0.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta1 >= 0.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta1 <= 1.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta2 >= 0.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.beta2 <= 1.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.eps >= 0.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.wd >= 0.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.adamw.wd <= 1.0f);
+
+                // beta1, beta2 after applying warmup
+                const float beta1h = 1.0f / (1.0f - powf(opt_pars.adamw.beta1, opt_ctx->iter));
+                const float beta2h = 1.0f / (1.0f - powf(opt_pars.adamw.beta2, opt_ctx->iter));
+
+                float * adamw_par_data = ggml_get_data_f32(opt_ctx->opt_step_params);
+                adamw_par_data[0] = opt_pars.adamw.alpha;
+                adamw_par_data[1] = opt_pars.adamw.beta1;
+                adamw_par_data[2] = opt_pars.adamw.beta2;
+                adamw_par_data[3] = opt_pars.adamw.eps;
+                adamw_par_data[4] = opt_pars.adamw.wd;
+                adamw_par_data[5] = beta1h;
+                adamw_par_data[6] = beta2h;
+            } break;
+            case GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_SGD: {
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.sgd.alpha > 0.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.sgd.wd >= 0.0f);
+                GGML_ASSERT(opt_pars.sgd.wd <= 1.0f);
+                float * sgd = ggml_get_data_f32(opt_ctx->opt_step_params);
+                sgd[0] = opt_pars.sgd.alpha;
+                sgd[1] = opt_pars.sgd.wd;
+            } break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        }
     }
 
     ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(opt_ctx->backend_sched, opt_ctx->allocated_graph_copy);
@@ -963,6 +1002,7 @@ void ggml_opt_fit(
         ggml_tensor                   * outputs,
         ggml_opt_dataset_t              dataset,
         enum ggml_opt_loss_type         loss_type,
+        enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type    optimizer,
         ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params   get_opt_pars,
         int64_t                         nepoch,
         int64_t                         nbatch_logical,
@@ -993,6 +1033,7 @@ void ggml_opt_fit(
     params.opt_period      = opt_period;
     params.get_opt_pars    = get_opt_pars;
     params.get_opt_pars_ud = &epoch;
+    params.optimizer       = optimizer;
     ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx = ggml_opt_init(params);
 
     // Shuffling the data is generally useful but there is only a point if not all data is used in a single batch.
@@ -1035,3 +1076,18 @@ void ggml_opt_fit(
     ggml_opt_result_free(result_train);
     ggml_opt_result_free(result_val);
 }
+
+enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type ggml_opt_context_optimizer_type(ggml_opt_context_t c) {
+    return c->optimizer;
+}
+
+GGML_API const char * ggml_opt_optimizer_name(enum ggml_opt_optimizer_type o) {
+    switch (o) {
+        case GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_ADAMW:
+            return "adamw";
+        case GGML_OPT_OPTIMIZER_TYPE_SGD:
+            return "sgd";
+        default:
+            return "undefined";
+    };
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-quants.c b/ggml/src/ggml-quants.c
index e389a46dbed..48695a61ea3 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-quants.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-quants.c
@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@
 
 #define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
 
+static inline int best_index_int8(int n, const int8_t * val, float x) {
+    if (x <= val[0]) return 0;
+    if (x >= val[n-1]) return n-1;
+    int ml = 0, mu = n-1;
+    while (mu-ml > 1) {
+        int mav = (ml+mu)/2;
+        if (x < val[mav]) mu = mav; else ml = mav;
+    }
+    return x - val[mu-1] < val[mu] - x ? mu-1 : mu;
+}
+
 // reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
 void quantize_row_q4_0_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q4_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
     static const int qk = QK4_0;
@@ -246,6 +257,88 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q8_1 * GGML_REST
     }
 }
 
+static inline int best_index_mxfp4(float x, float e) {
+    int best_index = 0;
+    float best_err = fabsf(kvalues_mxfp4[0]*e - x);
+    for (int i = 1; i < 16; i++) {
+        float err = fabsf(kvalues_mxfp4[i]*e - x);
+        if (err < best_err) {
+            best_index = i;
+            best_err = err;
+        }
+    }
+    return best_index;
+}
+
+void quantize_row_mxfp4_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_MXFP4;
+
+    assert(k % qk == 0);
+
+    const int nb = k / qk;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+            const float v = x[i*qk + j];
+
+            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+                amax = fabsf(v);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const uint8_t e = amax > 0.0f ? (uint8_t) (floorf(log2f(amax)) - 2 + 127) : 0;
+
+        const float d = GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(e);
+
+        y[i].e = e;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
+            const uint8_t x0 = best_index_mxfp4(x[i*qk + 0    + j], d);
+            const uint8_t x1 = best_index_mxfp4(x[i*qk + qk/2 + j], d);
+
+            y[i].qs[j]  = x0;
+            y[i].qs[j] |= x1 << 4;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void quantize_row_nvfp4_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_nvfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_NVFP4;
+    static const int qk_sub = QK_NVFP4_SUB;
+    static const int n_sub = QK_NVFP4 / QK_NVFP4_SUB;
+
+    assert(k % qk == 0);
+
+    const int nb = k / qk;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        for (int s = 0; s < n_sub; s++) {
+            const float * xb = x + i*qk + s*qk_sub;
+
+            float amax = 0.0f;
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk_sub; j++) {
+                if (amax < fabsf(xb[j])) {
+                    amax = fabsf(xb[j]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // UE4M3 scale: amax / 6.0 maps the max E2M1 value (6.0) to amax
+            const uint8_t ue = ggml_fp32_to_ue4m3(amax / 6.0f);
+            y[i].d[s] = ue;
+            const float d = ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(ue);
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk_sub/2; ++j) {
+                const uint8_t x0 = best_index_mxfp4(xb[0        + j], d);
+                const uint8_t x1 = best_index_mxfp4(xb[qk_sub/2 + j], d);
+
+                y[i].qs[s*(qk_sub/2) + j] = x0 | (x1 << 4);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void dequantize_row_q4_0(const block_q4_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
     static const int qk = QK4_0;
 
@@ -356,6 +449,51 @@ void dequantize_row_q8_0(const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRI
     }
 }
 
+void dequantize_row_mxfp4(const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_MXFP4;
+
+    assert(k % qk == 0);
+
+    const int nb = k / qk;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        const float d = GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[i].e);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
+            const int8_t x0 = kvalues_mxfp4[x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F];
+            const int8_t x1 = kvalues_mxfp4[x[i].qs[j] >>   4];
+
+            y[i*qk + j + 0   ] = x0*d;
+            y[i*qk + j + qk/2] = x1*d;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void dequantize_row_nvfp4(const block_nvfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
+    static const int qk = QK_NVFP4;
+    static const int qk_sub = QK_NVFP4_SUB;
+    static const int n_sub = QK_NVFP4 / QK_NVFP4_SUB;
+
+    assert(k % qk == 0);
+
+    const int nb = k / qk;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        for (int s = 0; s < n_sub; s++) {
+            const float d = ggml_ue4m3_to_fp32(x[i].d[s]);
+            float * yb = y + i*qk + s*qk_sub;
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk_sub/2; ++j) {
+                const int8_t v0 = kvalues_mxfp4[x[i].qs[s*(qk_sub/2) + j] & 0x0F];
+                const int8_t v1 = kvalues_mxfp4[x[i].qs[s*(qk_sub/2) + j] >>   4];
+
+                yb[j + 0       ] = v0*d;
+                yb[j + qk_sub/2] = v1*d;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 //
 // 2-6 bit quantization in super-blocks
 //
@@ -488,7 +626,7 @@ static float make_q3_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, int8
         for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
             L[i] += nmax;
         }
-        return sumlx / suml2;
+        return suml2 > 0.0f ? sumlx / suml2 : 0.0f;
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
@@ -568,14 +706,14 @@ static float make_qkx2_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, co
     }
     float iscale = nmax/(max - min);
     float scale = 1/iscale;
-    float best_mad = 0;
+    float best_error = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         int l = nearest_int(iscale*(x[i] - min));
         L[i] = MAX(0, MIN(nmax, l));
         float diff = scale * L[i] + min - x[i];
         diff = use_mad ? fabsf(diff) : diff * diff;
         float w = weights[i];
-        best_mad += w * diff;
+        best_error += w * diff;
     }
     if (nstep < 1) {
         *the_min = -min;
@@ -601,18 +739,18 @@ static float make_qkx2_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, co
                 this_min = 0;
                 this_scale = sum_xl / sum_l2;
             }
-            float mad = 0;
+            float cur_error = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                 float diff = this_scale * Laux[i] + this_min - x[i];
                 diff = use_mad ? fabsf(diff) : diff * diff;
                 float w = weights[i];
-                mad += w * diff;
+                cur_error += w * diff;
             }
-            if (mad < best_mad) {
+            if (cur_error < best_error) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                     L[i] = Laux[i];
                 }
-                best_mad = mad;
+                best_error = cur_error;
                 scale = this_scale;
                 min = this_min;
             }
@@ -823,7 +961,7 @@ static float make_qp_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, uint
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         max = MAX(max, x[i]);
     }
-    if (!max) { // all zero
+    if (max < GROUP_MAX_EPS) { // all zero
         for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { L[i] = 0; }
         return 0.f;
     }
@@ -888,7 +1026,7 @@ static float make_qp_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, uint
             break;
         }
     }
-    return sumlx/suml2;
+    return suml2 > 0.0f ? sumlx / suml2 : 0.0f;
 }
 
 static void quantize_row_q2_K_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q2_K * GGML_RESTRICT y, int k, const float * GGML_RESTRICT quant_weights) {
@@ -2014,6 +2152,18 @@ size_t quantize_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst,
     return nrow * row_size;
 }
 
+size_t quantize_mxfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(quant_weights);
+    quantize_row_mxfp4_ref(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
+    return nrow * ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4, n_per_row);
+}
+
+size_t quantize_nvfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(quant_weights);
+    quantize_row_nvfp4_ref(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
+    return nrow * ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_NVFP4, n_per_row);
+}
+
 // ====================== Ternary (de)-quantization (BitNet b1.58 and TriLMs)
 
 void quantize_row_tq1_0_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_tq1_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k) {
@@ -3020,6 +3170,11 @@ static void quantize_row_iq2_xxs_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML
             }
             float scale = make_qp_quants(32, kMaxQ+1, xval, (uint8_t*)L, weight);
             float eff_max = scale*kMaxQ;
+            if (eff_max <= 0) {
+                scales[ib] = 0;
+                memset(L, 0, 32);
+                continue;
+            }
             float best = 0;
             for (int is = -6; is <= 6; ++is) {
                 float id = (2*kMaxQ-1+is*0.1f)/eff_max;
@@ -3189,9 +3344,9 @@ static void quantize_row_iq2_xs_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_
             }
             float max = xval[0];
             for (int i = 1; i < 16; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
+            memset(L, 0, 16);
             if (max < GROUP_MAX_EPS) {
                 scales[ib] = 0;
-                memset(L, 0, 16);
                 continue;
             }
             float best = 0;
@@ -3630,13 +3785,14 @@ static void quantize_row_iq3_xxs_impl(int grid_size, const float * GGML_RESTRICT
             }
             float max = xval[0];
             for (int i = 1; i < 32; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
+            memset(L, 0, 32);
             if (max < GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ3_XXS) {
                 scales[ib] = 0;
-                memset(L, 0, 32);
                 continue;
             }
             float best = 0;
             float scale = max/(2*kMaxQ-1);
+            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) is_on_grid[k] = true;
             for (int is = -15; is <= 15; ++is) {
                 float id = (2*kMaxQ-1+is*0.2f)/max;
                 float this_scale = 1/id;
@@ -3837,6 +3993,7 @@ static void quantize_row_iq3_s_impl(int block_size, const float * GGML_RESTRICT
             }
             float max = xval[0];
             for (int i = 1; i < block_size; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
+            memset(L, 0, block_size);
             if (!max) {
                 scales[ib] = 0;
                 continue;
@@ -4160,6 +4317,7 @@ static void quantize_row_iq1_s_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_R
             for (int i = 1; i < block_size; ++i) max = MAX(max, fabsf(xb[i]));
             if (max < GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ1_S) {
                 scales[ib] = 0;
+                shifts[ib] = 1;
                 memset(L, 1, block_size);
                 continue;
             }
@@ -4182,7 +4340,7 @@ static void quantize_row_iq1_s_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_R
                     sumw[j+1] = sumw[j] + weight[i];
                 }
             }
-            float best_score = -FLT_MIN, scale = max;
+            float best_score = -FLT_MAX, scale = max;
             int besti1 = -1, besti2 = -1, best_shift = 0;
             for (int i1 = 0; i1 <= block_size; ++i1) {
                 for (int i2 = i1; i2 <= block_size; ++i2) {
@@ -4200,7 +4358,12 @@ static void quantize_row_iq1_s_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_R
                     }
                 }
             }
-            GGML_ASSERT(besti1 >= 0 && besti2 >= 0 && best_shift != 0);
+            if (besti1 < 0 || besti2 < 0 || best_shift == 0) {
+                scales[ib] = 0;
+                shifts[ib] = 1;
+                memset(L, 1, block_size);
+                continue;
+            }
             for (int j =      0; j < besti1; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 0;
             for (int j = besti1; j < besti2; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 1;
             for (int j = besti2; j < block_size; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 2;
@@ -4344,6 +4507,7 @@ static void quantize_row_iq1_m_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_R
             for (int i = 1; i < block_size; ++i) max = MAX(max, fabsf(xb[i]));
             if (max < GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ1_M) {
                 scales[ib] = 0;
+                shifts[ib] = 0;
                 memset(L, 1, block_size);
                 continue;
             }
@@ -4358,7 +4522,7 @@ static void quantize_row_iq1_m_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_R
                 idx[2*j] = j;
             }
             qsort(pairs, block_size, 2*sizeof(float), iq1_sort_helper);
-            float best_score = -FLT_MIN, scale = max;
+            float best_score = -FLT_MAX, scale = max;
             int besti1 = -1, besti2 = -1, best_k = -1;
             // 0: +, +
             // 1: +, -
@@ -4442,7 +4606,12 @@ static void quantize_row_iq1_m_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_R
                     }
                 }
             }
-            GGML_ASSERT(besti1 >= 0 && besti2 >= 0 && best_k >= 0);
+            if (besti1 < 0 || besti2 < 0 || best_k < 0) {
+                scales[ib] = 0;
+                shifts[ib] = 0;
+                memset(L, 1, block_size);
+                continue;
+            }
             for (int j =      0; j < besti1; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 0;
             for (int j = besti1; j < besti2; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 1;
             for (int j = besti2; j < block_size; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 2;
@@ -4551,17 +4720,6 @@ size_t quantize_iq1_m(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst,
 
 // ============================ 4-bit non-linear quants
 
-static inline int best_index_int8(int n, const int8_t * val, float x) {
-    if (x <= val[0]) return 0;
-    if (x >= val[n-1]) return n-1;
-    int ml = 0, mu = n-1;
-    while (mu-ml > 1) {
-        int mav = (ml+mu)/2;
-        if (x < val[mav]) mu = mav; else ml = mav;
-    }
-    return x - val[mu-1] < val[mu] - x ? mu-1 : mu;
-}
-
 static void quantize_row_iq4_nl_impl(const int super_block_size, const int block_size, const float * GGML_RESTRICT x,
         ggml_fp16_t * dh, uint8_t * q4, uint16_t * scales_h, uint8_t * scales_l,
         float * scales, float * weight, uint8_t * L,
@@ -4609,7 +4767,7 @@ static void quantize_row_iq4_nl_impl(const int super_block_size, const int block
             sumqx += w*q*xb[j];
             sumq2 += w*q*q;
         }
-        d = sumqx/sumq2;
+        d = sumq2 > 0 ? sumqx/sumq2 : 0.f;
         float best = d*sumqx;
         for (int itry = -ntry; itry <= ntry; ++itry) {
             id = (itry + values[0])/max;
@@ -4800,6 +4958,7 @@ static void quantize_row_iq2_s_impl(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_R
             }
             float max = xval[0];
             for (int i = 1; i < 16; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
+            memset(L, 0, 16);
             if (max < GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ2_S) {
                 scales[ib] = 0;
                 continue;
@@ -4961,6 +5120,15 @@ static bool validate_fp16(ggml_fp16_t f, size_t i) {
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool validate_e_e8m0(uint8_t e, size_t i) {
+    if (e == 0xff) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "ggml_validate_row_data: found invalid e value %d at block %zu\n", e, i);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 #define VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(type, data, nb) \
     const type * q = (const type *) (data); \
     for (size_t i = 0; i < (nb); ++i) { \
@@ -4977,6 +5145,14 @@ static bool validate_fp16(ggml_fp16_t f, size_t i) {
         } \
     }
 
+#define VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_E_E8M0_IMPL(type, data, nb) \
+    const type * q = (const type *) (data); \
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < (nb); ++i) { \
+        if (!validate_e_e8m0(q[i].e, i)) { \
+            return false; \
+        } \
+    }
+
 #define VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DVEC_F16_IMPL(type, data, nb, nr) \
     const type * q = (const type *) (data); \
     for (size_t i = 0; i < (nb); ++i) { \
@@ -5130,6 +5306,16 @@ bool ggml_validate_row_data(enum ggml_type type, const void * data, size_t nbyte
             {
                 VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_q8_0, data, nb);
             } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            {
+                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_E_E8M0_IMPL(block_mxfp4, data, nb);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
+            {
+                // UE4M3 scales are uint8_t — all byte values are valid
+                GGML_UNUSED(data);
+                GGML_UNUSED(nb);
+            } break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
             {
                 VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(block_q2_K, data, nb, d, dmin);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-quants.h b/ggml/src/ggml-quants.h
index d09173e1116..00604f75c0e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-quants.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-quants.h
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ GGML_API void quantize_row_q5_1_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q5_1 *
 GGML_API void quantize_row_q8_0_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 GGML_API void quantize_row_q8_1_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 
+GGML_API void quantize_row_mxfp4_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
+GGML_API void quantize_row_nvfp4_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_nvfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
+
 GGML_API void quantize_row_q2_K_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q2_K * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 GGML_API void quantize_row_q3_K_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q3_K * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 GGML_API void quantize_row_q4_K_ref(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
@@ -45,6 +48,9 @@ GGML_API void dequantize_row_q5_1(const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GG
 GGML_API void dequantize_row_q8_0(const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 //GGML_API void dequantize_row_q8_1(const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 
+GGML_API void dequantize_row_mxfp4(const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
+GGML_API void dequantize_row_nvfp4(const block_nvfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
+
 GGML_API void dequantize_row_q2_K(const block_q2_K * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 GGML_API void dequantize_row_q3_K(const block_q3_K * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
 GGML_API void dequantize_row_q4_K(const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT x, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, int64_t k);
@@ -90,6 +96,9 @@ GGML_API size_t quantize_q5_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTR
 GGML_API size_t quantize_q5_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst, int64_t nrows, int64_t n_per_row, const float * imatrix);
 GGML_API size_t quantize_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst, int64_t nrows, int64_t n_per_row, const float * imatrix);
 
+GGML_API size_t quantize_mxfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst, int64_t nrows, int64_t n_per_row, const float * imatrix);
+GGML_API size_t quantize_nvfp4(const float * GGML_RESTRICT src, void * GGML_RESTRICT dst, int64_t nrows, int64_t n_per_row, const float * imatrix);
+
 GGML_API void iq2xs_init_impl(enum ggml_type type);
 GGML_API void iq2xs_free_impl(enum ggml_type type);
 GGML_API void iq3xs_init_impl(int grid_size);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp
index f468f796d57..d7c8ad8c168 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp
@@ -29,9 +29,18 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <filesystem>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+static const char * RPC_DEBUG = std::getenv("GGML_RPC_DEBUG");
+
+#define LOG_DBG(...) \
+    do { if (RPC_DEBUG) GGML_LOG_DEBUG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+
 
 namespace fs = std::filesystem;
 
+static constexpr size_t MAX_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull; // 1 GiB
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 typedef SOCKET sockfd_t;
 using ssize_t = __int64;
@@ -44,7 +53,7 @@ struct socket_t {
     sockfd_t fd;
     socket_t(sockfd_t fd) : fd(fd) {}
     ~socket_t() {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] closing socket %d\n", __func__, this->fd);
+        LOG_DBG("[%s] closing socket %d\n", __func__, this->fd);
 #ifdef _WIN32
         closesocket(this->fd);
 #else
@@ -96,9 +105,13 @@ enum rpc_cmd {
     RPC_CMD_INIT_TENSOR,
     RPC_CMD_GET_ALLOC_SIZE,
     RPC_CMD_HELLO,
+    RPC_CMD_DEVICE_COUNT,
+    RPC_CMD_GRAPH_RECOMPUTE,
     RPC_CMD_COUNT,
 };
 
+static_assert(RPC_CMD_HELLO == 14, "RPC_CMD_HELLO must be always 14");
+
 // Try RPC_CMD_SET_TENSOR_HASH first when data size is larger than this threshold
 const size_t HASH_THRESHOLD = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
 
@@ -108,8 +121,14 @@ struct rpc_msg_hello_rsp {
     uint8_t patch;
 };
 
+struct rpc_msg_device_count_rsp {
+    uint32_t device_count;
+};
+
 struct rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_req {
+    uint32_t   device;
     rpc_tensor tensor;
+    rpc_tensor srcs[GGML_MAX_SRC];
 };
 
 struct rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_rsp {
@@ -121,6 +140,7 @@ struct rpc_msg_init_tensor_req {
 };
 
 struct rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req {
+    uint32_t device;
     uint64_t size;
 };
 
@@ -129,10 +149,18 @@ struct rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_rsp {
     uint64_t remote_size;
 };
 
+struct rpc_msg_get_alignment_req {
+    uint32_t device;
+};
+
 struct rpc_msg_get_alignment_rsp {
     uint64_t alignment;
 };
 
+struct rpc_msg_get_max_size_req {
+    uint32_t device;
+};
+
 struct rpc_msg_get_max_size_rsp {
     uint64_t max_size;
 };
@@ -179,14 +207,19 @@ struct rpc_msg_copy_tensor_rsp {
     uint8_t result;
 };
 
-struct rpc_msg_graph_compute_rsp {
-    uint8_t result;
+struct rpc_msg_get_device_memory_req {
+    uint32_t device;
 };
 
 struct rpc_msg_get_device_memory_rsp {
     uint64_t free_mem;
     uint64_t total_mem;
 };
+
+struct rpc_msg_graph_recompute_req {
+    uint32_t device;
+};
+
 #pragma pack(pop)
 
 // RPC data structures
@@ -198,14 +231,41 @@ static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_rpc_guid() {
 
 struct ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context {
     std::string endpoint;
+    uint32_t    device;
     std::string name;
-    size_t alignment;
-    size_t max_size;
+    size_t      alignment;
+    size_t      max_size;
+};
+
+struct graph_cache {
+
+    bool is_cached(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+        if ((int)last_graph.size() != cgraph->n_nodes) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+            if (memcmp(&last_graph[i], cgraph->nodes[i], sizeof(ggml_tensor)) != 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void add(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+        last_graph.resize(cgraph->n_nodes);
+        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+            memcpy(&last_graph[i], cgraph->nodes[i], sizeof(ggml_tensor));
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor> last_graph;
 };
 
 struct ggml_backend_rpc_context {
     std::string endpoint;
+    uint32_t    device;
     std::string name;
+    graph_cache gc;
 };
 
 struct ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context {
@@ -262,14 +322,14 @@ static std::shared_ptr<socket_t> socket_connect(const char * host, int port) {
         return nullptr;
     }
     if (!set_no_delay(sockfd)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set TCP_NODELAY\n");
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to set TCP_NODELAY\n");
         return nullptr;
     }
     addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
     addr.sin_port = htons(port);
     struct hostent * server = gethostbyname(host);
     if (server == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot resolve host '%s'\n", host);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Cannot resolve host '%s'\n", host);
         return nullptr;
     }
     memcpy(&addr.sin_addr.s_addr, server->h_addr, server->h_length);
@@ -286,7 +346,7 @@ static std::shared_ptr<socket_t> socket_accept(sockfd_t srv_sockfd) {
         return nullptr;
     }
     if (!set_no_delay(client_socket_fd)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set TCP_NODELAY\n");
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to set TCP_NODELAY\n");
         return nullptr;
     }
     return client_socket;
@@ -299,11 +359,11 @@ static std::shared_ptr<socket_t> create_server_socket(const char * host, int por
         return nullptr;
     }
     if (!set_reuse_addr(sockfd)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set SO_REUSEADDR\n");
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to set SO_REUSEADDR\n");
         return nullptr;
     }
     if (inet_addr(host) == INADDR_NONE) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid host address: %s\n", host);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Invalid host address: %s\n", host);
         return nullptr;
     }
     struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
@@ -323,11 +383,14 @@ static std::shared_ptr<socket_t> create_server_socket(const char * host, int por
 static bool send_data(sockfd_t sockfd, const void * data, size_t size) {
     size_t bytes_sent = 0;
     while (bytes_sent < size) {
-        ssize_t n = send(sockfd, (const char *)data + bytes_sent, size - bytes_sent, 0);
+        size_t size_to_send = std::min(size - bytes_sent, MAX_CHUNK_SIZE);
+        ssize_t n = send(sockfd, (const char *)data + bytes_sent, size_to_send, 0);
         if (n < 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("send failed (bytes_sent=%zu, size_to_send=%zu)\n",
+                           bytes_sent, size_to_send);
             return false;
         }
-        bytes_sent += n;
+        bytes_sent += (size_t)n;
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -335,11 +398,18 @@ static bool send_data(sockfd_t sockfd, const void * data, size_t size) {
 static bool recv_data(sockfd_t sockfd, void * data, size_t size) {
     size_t bytes_recv = 0;
     while (bytes_recv < size) {
-        ssize_t n = recv(sockfd, (char *)data + bytes_recv, size - bytes_recv, 0);
-        if (n <= 0) {
+        size_t size_to_recv = std::min(size - bytes_recv, MAX_CHUNK_SIZE);
+        ssize_t n = recv(sockfd, (char *)data + bytes_recv, size_to_recv, 0);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("recv failed (bytes_recv=%zu, size_to_recv=%zu)\n",
+                           bytes_recv, size_to_recv);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (n == 0) {
+            LOG_DBG("recv returned 0 (peer closed?)\n");
             return false;
         }
-        bytes_recv += n;
+        bytes_recv += (size_t)n;
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -370,7 +440,7 @@ static bool recv_msg(sockfd_t sockfd, std::vector<uint8_t> & input) {
     try {
         input.resize(size);
     } catch (const std::bad_alloc & e) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate input buffer of size %" PRIu64 "\n", size);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate input buffer of size %" PRIu64 "\n", size);
         return false;
     }
     return recv_data(sockfd, input.data(), size);
@@ -430,11 +500,11 @@ static bool check_server_version(const std::shared_ptr<socket_t> & sock) {
     bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_HELLO, nullptr, 0, &response, sizeof(response));
     RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
     if (response.major != RPC_PROTO_MAJOR_VERSION || response.minor > RPC_PROTO_MINOR_VERSION) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "RPC server version mismatch: %d.%d.%d\n", response.major, response.minor, response.patch);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("RPC server version mismatch: %d.%d.%d\n", response.major, response.minor, response.patch);
         return false;
     }
     if (response.minor != RPC_PROTO_MINOR_VERSION || response.patch != RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: RPC server version mismatch: %d.%d.%d\n", response.major, response.minor, response.patch);
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("WARNING: RPC server version mismatch: %d.%d.%d\n", response.major, response.minor, response.patch);
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -454,6 +524,7 @@ static std::shared_ptr<socket_t> get_socket(const std::string & endpoint) {
     std::string host;
     int port;
     if (!parse_endpoint(endpoint, host, port)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to parse endpoint: %s\n", endpoint.c_str());
         return nullptr;
     }
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -475,7 +546,7 @@ static std::shared_ptr<socket_t> get_socket(const std::string & endpoint) {
     if (!check_server_version(sock)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] connected to %s, sockfd=%d\n", __func__, endpoint.c_str(), sock->fd);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] connected to %s, sockfd=%d\n", __func__, endpoint.c_str(), sock->fd);
     sockets[endpoint] = sock;
     return sock;
 }
@@ -501,14 +572,23 @@ static void * ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
     return ctx->base_ptr;
 }
 
+static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_rpc(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    return buffer->iface.free_buffer == ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_free_buffer;
+}
+
 static rpc_tensor serialize_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     rpc_tensor result;
+    if (!tensor) {
+        memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
+        return result;
+    }
+
     result.id = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(tensor);
     result.type = tensor->type;
-    if (tensor->buffer) {
+    if (tensor->buffer && ggml_backend_buffer_is_rpc(tensor->buffer)) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = tensor->buffer;
         ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
-        result.buffer = ctx->remote_ptr;
+        result.buffer = ctx != nullptr ? ctx->remote_ptr : 0;
     } else {
         result.buffer = 0;
     }
@@ -590,22 +670,25 @@ static void ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, con
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    // check if src and dst are on the same server
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t src_buffer = src->buffer;
-    ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * src_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)src_buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t dst_buffer = dst->buffer;
-    ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * dst_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)dst_buffer->context;
-    if (src_ctx->sock != dst_ctx->sock) {
-        return false;
+    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_rpc(src->buffer)) {
+        // check if src and dst are on the same server
+        ggml_backend_buffer_t src_buffer = src->buffer;
+        ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * src_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)src_buffer->context;
+        ggml_backend_buffer_t dst_buffer = dst->buffer;
+        ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * dst_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)dst_buffer->context;
+        if (src_ctx->sock != dst_ctx->sock) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
+        rpc_msg_copy_tensor_req request;
+        request.src = serialize_tensor(src);
+        request.dst = serialize_tensor(dst);
+        rpc_msg_copy_tensor_rsp response;
+        bool status = send_rpc_cmd(ctx->sock, RPC_CMD_COPY_TENSOR, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
+        RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
+        return response.result;
     }
-    ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
-    rpc_msg_copy_tensor_req request;
-    request.src = serialize_tensor(src);
-    request.dst = serialize_tensor(dst);
-    rpc_msg_copy_tensor_rsp response;
-    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(ctx->sock, RPC_CMD_COPY_TENSOR, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
-    RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
-    return response.result;
+    return false;
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
@@ -634,7 +717,7 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
     ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context *)buft->context;
-    rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req request = {size};
+    rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req request = {buft_ctx->device, size};
     rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_rsp response;
     auto sock = get_socket(buft_ctx->endpoint);
     bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_ALLOC_BUFFER, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
@@ -650,9 +733,10 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_back
     }
 }
 
-static size_t get_alignment(const std::shared_ptr<socket_t> & sock) {
+static size_t get_alignment(const std::shared_ptr<socket_t> & sock, uint32_t device) {
+    rpc_msg_get_alignment_req request = {device};
     rpc_msg_get_alignment_rsp response;
-    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GET_ALIGNMENT, nullptr, 0, &response, sizeof(response));
+    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GET_ALIGNMENT, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
     RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
     return response.alignment;
 }
@@ -662,9 +746,10 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_typ
     return buft_ctx->alignment;
 }
 
-static size_t get_max_size(const std::shared_ptr<socket_t> & sock) {
+static size_t get_max_size(const std::shared_ptr<socket_t> & sock, uint32_t device) {
+    rpc_msg_get_max_size_req request = {device};
     rpc_msg_get_max_size_rsp response;
-    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GET_MAX_SIZE, nullptr, 0, &response, sizeof(response));
+    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GET_MAX_SIZE, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
     RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
     return response.max_size;
 }
@@ -675,23 +760,41 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_rpc_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    // should we query the remote server for the actual size
+    bool rpc_get = false;
+
     // See comments in init_tensor.
-    if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type) && (tensor->ne[0] % 512 != 0) && (tensor->view_src == nullptr)) {
+    rpc_get |= ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type) && (tensor->ne[0] % 512 != 0) && (tensor->view_src == nullptr);
+
+    // ops that require additional memory for fleeting data on certain backends
+    // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15966
+    rpc_get |= tensor->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT;
+    rpc_get |= tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID;
+
+    if (rpc_get) {
         ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context *)buft->context;
         auto sock = get_socket(buft_ctx->endpoint);
 
-        rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_req request;
+        rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_req request = {
+            /*.device =*/ buft_ctx->device,
+            /*.tensor =*/ serialize_tensor(tensor),
+            /*.srcs   =*/ {},
+        };
 
-        request.tensor = serialize_tensor(tensor);
+        // .get_alloc_size could be a function of the tensor's srcs, so we must serialize them as well
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            request.srcs[i] = serialize_tensor(tensor->src[i]);
+        }
 
+        // TODO: cache the alloc responses to avoid extra RPC calls?
         rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_rsp response;
         bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GET_ALLOC_SIZE, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
         RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
 
         return response.alloc_size;
-    } else {
-        return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
     }
+
+    return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_interface = {
@@ -735,7 +838,7 @@ static void add_tensor(ggml_tensor * tensor, std::vector<rpc_tensor> & tensors,
     tensors.push_back(serialize_tensor(tensor));
 }
 
-static void serialize_graph(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::vector<uint8_t> & output) {
+static void serialize_graph(uint32_t device, const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::vector<uint8_t> & output) {
     uint32_t n_nodes = cgraph->n_nodes;
     std::vector<rpc_tensor> tensors;
     std::unordered_set<ggml_tensor*> visited;
@@ -743,29 +846,45 @@ static void serialize_graph(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::vector<uint8_t> & o
         add_tensor(cgraph->nodes[i], tensors, visited);
     }
     // serialization format:
-    // | n_nodes (4 bytes) | nodes (n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) | n_tensors (4 bytes) | tensors (n_tensors * sizeof(rpc_tensor)) |
+    // | device (4 bytes) | n_nodes (4 bytes) | nodes (n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) | n_tensors (4 bytes) | tensors (n_tensors * sizeof(rpc_tensor)) |
     uint32_t n_tensors = tensors.size();
-    int output_size = sizeof(uint32_t) + n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + n_tensors * sizeof(rpc_tensor);
+    int output_size = 2*sizeof(uint32_t) + n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + n_tensors * sizeof(rpc_tensor);
     output.resize(output_size, 0);
-    memcpy(output.data(), &n_nodes, sizeof(n_nodes));
+    uint8_t * dest = output.data();
+    memcpy(dest, &device, sizeof(device));
+    dest += sizeof(device);
+    memcpy(dest, &n_nodes, sizeof(n_nodes));
+    dest += sizeof(n_nodes);
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_nodes; i++) {
-        memcpy(output.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + i * sizeof(uint64_t), &cgraph->nodes[i], sizeof(uint64_t));
+        memcpy(dest + i * sizeof(uint64_t), &cgraph->nodes[i], sizeof(uint64_t));
     }
-    uint32_t * out_ntensors = (uint32_t *)(output.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t));
-    *out_ntensors = n_tensors;
-    rpc_tensor * out_tensors = (rpc_tensor *)(output.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t));
+    dest += n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t);
+    memcpy(dest, &n_tensors, sizeof(n_tensors));
+    dest += sizeof(n_tensors);
+    rpc_tensor * out_tensors = (rpc_tensor *)dest;
     memcpy(out_tensors, tensors.data(), n_tensors * sizeof(rpc_tensor));
 }
 
 static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_rpc_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
     ggml_backend_rpc_context * rpc_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_context *)backend->context;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> input;
-    serialize_graph(cgraph, input);
-    rpc_msg_graph_compute_rsp response;
-    auto sock = get_socket(rpc_ctx->endpoint);
-    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GRAPH_COMPUTE, input.data(), input.size(), &response, sizeof(response));
-    RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
-    return (enum ggml_status)response.result;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(cgraph->n_nodes > 0);
+    bool reuse = rpc_ctx->gc.is_cached(cgraph);
+    if (reuse) {
+        rpc_msg_graph_recompute_req request;
+        request.device = rpc_ctx->device;
+        auto sock = get_socket(rpc_ctx->endpoint);
+        bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GRAPH_RECOMPUTE, &request, sizeof(request));
+        RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
+    } else {
+        rpc_ctx->gc.add(cgraph);
+        std::vector<uint8_t> input;
+        serialize_graph(rpc_ctx->device, cgraph, input);
+        auto sock = get_socket(rpc_ctx->endpoint);
+        bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GRAPH_COMPUTE, input.data(), input.size());
+        RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
+    }
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_rpc_interface = {
@@ -782,51 +901,57 @@ static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_rpc_interface = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_rpc_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
     /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
 };
 
-ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(const char * endpoint) {
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(const char * endpoint, uint32_t device) {
     static std::mutex mutex;
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+    std::string buft_name = "RPC" + std::to_string(device) + "[" + std::string(endpoint) + "]";
     // NOTE: buffer types are allocated and never freed; this is by design
     static std::unordered_map<std::string, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> buft_map;
-    auto it = buft_map.find(endpoint);
+    auto it = buft_map.find(buft_name);
     if (it != buft_map.end()) {
         return it->second;
     }
     auto sock = get_socket(endpoint);
     if (sock == nullptr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect to %s\n", endpoint);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to connect to %s\n", endpoint);
         return nullptr;
     }
-    size_t alignment = get_alignment(sock);
-    size_t max_size = get_max_size(sock);
+    size_t alignment = get_alignment(sock, device);
+    size_t max_size = get_max_size(sock, device);
     ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = new ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context {
         /* .endpoint  = */ endpoint,
-        /* .name      = */ "RPC[" + std::string(endpoint) + "]",
+        /* .device    = */ device,
+        /* .name      = */ buft_name,
         /* .alignment = */ alignment,
         /* .max_size  = */ max_size
     };
-
+    auto reg = ggml_backend_rpc_add_server(endpoint);
     ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = new ggml_backend_buffer_type {
         /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_interface,
-        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_rpc_add_device(endpoint),
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(reg, device),
         /* .context = */ buft_ctx
     };
-    buft_map[endpoint] = buft;
+    buft_map[buft_name] = buft;
     return buft;
 }
 
-ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_init(const char * endpoint) {
+ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_init(const char * endpoint, uint32_t device) {
+    std::string dev_name = "RPC" + std::to_string(device) + "[" + std::string(endpoint) + "]";
     ggml_backend_rpc_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_rpc_context {
-        /* .endpoint  = */ endpoint,
-        /* .name      = */ "RPC[" + std::string(endpoint) + "]",
+        /* .endpoint = */ endpoint,
+        /* .device   = */ device,
+        /* .name     = */ dev_name,
+        /* .gc       = */ {},
     };
-
+    auto reg = ggml_backend_rpc_add_server(endpoint);
     ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_rpc_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_rpc_interface,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_rpc_add_device(endpoint),
-        /* .context   = */ ctx
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_rpc_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_rpc_interface,
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(reg, device),
+        /* .context = */ ctx
     };
     return backend;
 }
@@ -835,37 +960,40 @@ bool ggml_backend_is_rpc(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_rpc_guid());
 }
 
-static void get_device_memory(const std::shared_ptr<socket_t> & sock, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+static void get_device_memory(const std::shared_ptr<socket_t> & sock, uint32_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    rpc_msg_get_device_memory_req request;
+    request.device = device;
     rpc_msg_get_device_memory_rsp response;
-    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GET_DEVICE_MEMORY, nullptr, 0, &response, sizeof(response));
+    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GET_DEVICE_MEMORY, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
     RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
     *free = response.free_mem;
     *total = response.total_mem;
 }
 
-void ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_memory(const char * endpoint, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+void ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_memory(const char * endpoint, uint32_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
     auto sock = get_socket(endpoint);
     if (sock == nullptr) {
         *free = 0;
         *total = 0;
         return;
     }
-    get_device_memory(sock, free, total);
+    get_device_memory(sock, device, free, total);
 }
 
 // RPC server-side implementation
 
 class rpc_server {
 public:
-    rpc_server(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * cache_dir)
-        : backend(backend), cache_dir(cache_dir) {
+    rpc_server(std::vector<ggml_backend_t> all_backends, const char * cache_dir)
+        : backends(std::move(all_backends)), cache_dir(cache_dir) {
+        stored_graphs.resize(backends.size());
     }
     ~rpc_server();
 
     void hello(rpc_msg_hello_rsp & response);
-    void alloc_buffer(const rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req & request, rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_rsp & response);
-    void get_alignment(rpc_msg_get_alignment_rsp & response);
-    void get_max_size(rpc_msg_get_max_size_rsp & response);
+    bool alloc_buffer(const rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req & request, rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_rsp & response);
+    bool get_alignment(const rpc_msg_get_alignment_req & request, rpc_msg_get_alignment_rsp & response);
+    bool get_max_size(const rpc_msg_get_max_size_req & request, rpc_msg_get_max_size_rsp & response);
     bool buffer_get_base(const rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_req & request, rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_rsp & response);
     bool free_buffer(const rpc_msg_free_buffer_req & request);
     bool buffer_clear(const rpc_msg_buffer_clear_req & request);
@@ -873,9 +1001,16 @@ class rpc_server {
     bool set_tensor_hash(const rpc_msg_set_tensor_hash_req & request, rpc_msg_set_tensor_hash_rsp & response);
     bool get_tensor(const rpc_msg_get_tensor_req & request, std::vector<uint8_t> & response);
     bool copy_tensor(const rpc_msg_copy_tensor_req & request, rpc_msg_copy_tensor_rsp & response);
-    bool graph_compute(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input, rpc_msg_graph_compute_rsp & response);
+    bool graph_compute(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input);
+    bool graph_recompute(const rpc_msg_graph_recompute_req & request);
     bool init_tensor(const rpc_msg_init_tensor_req & request);
     bool get_alloc_size(const rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_req & request, rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_rsp & response);
+    bool get_device_memory(const rpc_msg_get_device_memory_req & request, rpc_msg_get_device_memory_rsp & response);
+
+    struct stored_graph {
+        ggml_context_ptr ctx_ptr;
+        ggml_cgraph *    graph;
+    };
 
 private:
     bool get_cached_file(uint64_t hash, std::vector<uint8_t> & data);
@@ -886,22 +1021,28 @@ class rpc_server {
                               std::unordered_map<uint64_t, struct ggml_tensor*> & tensor_map);
 
 
-    ggml_backend_t backend;
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_t> backends;
     const char * cache_dir;
     std::unordered_set<ggml_backend_buffer_t> buffers;
+    // store the last computed graph for each backend
+    std::vector<stored_graph> stored_graphs;
 };
 
 void rpc_server::hello(rpc_msg_hello_rsp & response) {
     response.major = RPC_PROTO_MAJOR_VERSION;
     response.minor = RPC_PROTO_MINOR_VERSION;
     response.patch = RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION;
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] version: %d.%d.%d\n", __func__, response.major, response.minor, response.patch);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] version: %d.%d.%d\n", __func__, response.major, response.minor, response.patch);
 }
 
 bool rpc_server::get_alloc_size(const rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_req & request, rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_rsp & response) {
+    uint32_t dev_id = request.device;
+    if (dev_id >= backends.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
     ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft;
     struct ggml_init_params params {
-        /*.mem_size   =*/ ggml_tensor_overhead(),
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ ggml_tensor_overhead()*(1 + GGML_MAX_SRC),
         /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
         /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
     };
@@ -909,56 +1050,78 @@ bool rpc_server::get_alloc_size(const rpc_msg_get_alloc_size_req & request, rpc_
     ggml_context_ptr ctx_ptr { ggml_init(params) };
     GGML_ASSERT(ctx_ptr != nullptr);
     ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
-    ggml_tensor * tensor = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.tensor);
 
+    ggml_tensor * tensor = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.tensor);
     if (tensor == nullptr) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("Null tensor pointer passed to server get_alloc_size function.\n");
         return false;
     }
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (request.srcs[i].id != 0) {
+            tensor->src[i] = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.srcs[i]);
+        }
+    }
 
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %d, buffer: %p, data: %p\n", __func__, dev_id, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data);
     if (tensor->buffer == nullptr) {
         //No buffer allocated.
-        buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend);
+        buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backends[dev_id]);
     } else {
         buft = tensor->buffer->buft;
     }
 
-    response.alloc_size = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buft,tensor);
+    response.alloc_size = ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(buft, tensor);
 
     return true;
 }
 
-void rpc_server::alloc_buffer(const rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req & request, rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_rsp & response) {
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend);
+bool rpc_server::alloc_buffer(const rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req & request, rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_rsp & response) {
+    uint32_t dev_id = request.device;
+    if (dev_id >= backends.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backends[dev_id]);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, request.size);
     response.remote_ptr = 0;
     response.remote_size = 0;
     if (buffer != nullptr) {
         response.remote_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer);
         response.remote_size = buffer->size;
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] size: %" PRIu64 " -> remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 ", remote_size: %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, request.size, response.remote_ptr, response.remote_size);
+        LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %d, size: %" PRIu64 " -> remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 ", remote_size: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+            __func__, dev_id, request.size, response.remote_ptr, response.remote_size);
         buffers.insert(buffer);
     } else {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] size: %" PRIu64 " -> failed\n", __func__, request.size);
+        LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %d, size: %" PRIu64 " -> failed\n", __func__, dev_id, request.size);
     }
+    return true;
 }
 
-void rpc_server::get_alignment(rpc_msg_get_alignment_rsp & response) {
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend);
+bool rpc_server::get_alignment(const rpc_msg_get_alignment_req & request, rpc_msg_get_alignment_rsp & response) {
+    uint32_t dev_id = request.device;
+    if (dev_id >= backends.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backends[dev_id]);
     size_t alignment = ggml_backend_buft_get_alignment(buft);
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] alignment: %lu\n", __func__, alignment);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %d, alignment: %lu\n", __func__, dev_id, alignment);
     response.alignment = alignment;
+    return true;
 }
 
-void rpc_server::get_max_size(rpc_msg_get_max_size_rsp & response) {
-    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backend);
+bool rpc_server::get_max_size(const rpc_msg_get_max_size_req & request, rpc_msg_get_max_size_rsp & response) {
+    uint32_t dev_id = request.device;
+    if (dev_id >= backends.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(backends[dev_id]);
     size_t max_size = ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(buft);
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] max_size: %lu\n", __func__, max_size);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %d, max_size: %lu\n", __func__, dev_id, max_size);
     response.max_size = max_size;
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool rpc_server::buffer_get_base(const rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_req & request, rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_rsp & response) {
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = reinterpret_cast<ggml_backend_buffer_t>(request.remote_ptr);
     if (buffers.find(buffer) == buffers.end()) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
@@ -970,7 +1133,7 @@ bool rpc_server::buffer_get_base(const rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_req & request, rp
 }
 
 bool rpc_server::free_buffer(const rpc_msg_free_buffer_req & request) {
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = reinterpret_cast<ggml_backend_buffer_t>(request.remote_ptr);
     if (buffers.find(buffer) == buffers.end()) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
@@ -982,7 +1145,7 @@ bool rpc_server::free_buffer(const rpc_msg_free_buffer_req & request) {
 }
 
 bool rpc_server::buffer_clear(const rpc_msg_buffer_clear_req & request) {
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 ", value: %u\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr, request.value);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] remote_ptr: %" PRIx64 ", value: %u\n", __func__, request.remote_ptr, request.value);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = reinterpret_cast<ggml_backend_buffer_t>(request.remote_ptr);
     if (buffers.find(buffer) == buffers.end()) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] buffer not found\n", __func__);
@@ -1055,11 +1218,11 @@ bool rpc_server::set_tensor(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ctx_ptr != nullptr);
     ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
     ggml_tensor * tensor = deserialize_tensor(ctx, in_tensor);
-    if (tensor == nullptr) {
+    if (tensor == nullptr || tensor->buffer == nullptr) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] error deserializing tensor\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] buffer: %p, data: %p, offset: %" PRIu64 ", size: %zu\n", __func__, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data, offset, size);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] buffer: %p, data: %p, offset: %" PRIu64 ", size: %zu\n", __func__, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data, offset, size);
 
     // sanitize tensor->data
     {
@@ -1082,7 +1245,7 @@ bool rpc_server::set_tensor(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input) {
         fs::path cache_file = fs::path(cache_dir) / hash_str;
         std::ofstream ofs(cache_file, std::ios::binary);
         ofs.write((const char *)data, size);
-        printf("[%s] saved to '%s'\n", __func__, cache_file.c_str());
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("[%s] saved to '%s'\n", __func__, cache_file.c_str());
     }
     ggml_backend_tensor_set(tensor, data, offset, size);
     return true;
@@ -1095,7 +1258,8 @@ bool rpc_server::get_cached_file(uint64_t hash, std::vector<uint8_t> & data) {
     char hash_str[17];
     snprintf(hash_str, sizeof(hash_str), "%016" PRIx64, hash);
     fs::path cache_file = fs::path(cache_dir) / hash_str;
-    if (!fs::exists(cache_file)) {
+    std::error_code ec;
+    if (!fs::exists(cache_file, ec)) {
         return false;
     }
     std::ifstream ifs(cache_file, std::ios::binary);
@@ -1124,12 +1288,12 @@ bool rpc_server::set_tensor_hash(const rpc_msg_set_tensor_hash_req & request, rp
     GGML_ASSERT(ctx_ptr != nullptr);
     ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
     ggml_tensor * tensor = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.tensor);
-    if (tensor == nullptr) {
+    if (tensor == nullptr || tensor->buffer == nullptr) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] error deserializing tensor\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] buffer: %p, data: %p, offset: %" PRIu64 ", size: %zu, hash: %" PRIx64 "\n",
-        __func__, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data, request.offset, size, request.hash);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] buffer: %p, data: %p, offset: %" PRIu64 ", size: %zu, hash: %" PRIx64 "\n",
+            __func__, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data, request.offset, size, request.hash);
 
     // sanitize tensor->data
     {
@@ -1163,7 +1327,7 @@ bool rpc_server::init_tensor(const rpc_msg_init_tensor_req & request) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("Null tensor pointer passed to server init_tensor function.\n");
         return false;
     }
-
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] buffer: %p, data: %p\n", __func__, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data);
     // Call the backend's buffer_init_tensor function
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = tensor->buffer;
     if (buffer && buffer->iface.init_tensor) {
@@ -1192,11 +1356,11 @@ bool rpc_server::get_tensor(const rpc_msg_get_tensor_req & request, std::vector<
     GGML_ASSERT(ctx_ptr != nullptr);
     ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
     ggml_tensor * tensor = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.tensor);
-    if (tensor == nullptr) {
+    if (tensor == nullptr || tensor->buffer == nullptr) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] error deserializing tensor\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] buffer: %p, data: %p, offset: %" PRIu64 ", size: %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data, request.offset, request.size);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] buffer: %p, data: %p, offset: %" PRIu64 ", size: %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, (void*)tensor->buffer, tensor->data, request.offset, request.size);
 
     // sanitize tensor->data
     {
@@ -1229,7 +1393,7 @@ bool rpc_server::copy_tensor(const rpc_msg_copy_tensor_req & request, rpc_msg_co
 
     ggml_tensor * src = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.src);
     ggml_tensor * dst = deserialize_tensor(ctx, &request.dst);
-    if (src == nullptr || dst == nullptr) {
+    if (src == nullptr || dst == nullptr || src->buffer == nullptr || dst->buffer == nullptr) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] error deserializing tensors\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
@@ -1240,7 +1404,7 @@ bool rpc_server::copy_tensor(const rpc_msg_copy_tensor_req & request, rpc_msg_co
     uint64_t dst_buf_sz = (uint64_t) ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(dst->buffer);
 
     if (dst_data + src_size > dst_base + dst_buf_sz) {
-        GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] out-of-bounds write in rpc_server::copy_tensor:\n"
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("[%s] out-of-bounds write in rpc_server::copy_tensor:\n"
                          "    write range : [0x%" PRIx64 ", 0x%" PRIx64 "]\n"
                          "    buffer base: [0x%" PRIx64 ", 0x%" PRIx64 "]\n",
                          __func__,
@@ -1251,8 +1415,8 @@ bool rpc_server::copy_tensor(const rpc_msg_copy_tensor_req & request, rpc_msg_co
         return false;
     }
 
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] src->buffer: %p, dst->buffer: %p\n",
-                     __func__, (void*) src->buffer, (void*) dst->buffer);
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] src->buffer: %p, dst->buffer: %p\n",
+            __func__, (void*) src->buffer, (void*) dst->buffer);
 
     response.result = ggml_backend_buffer_copy_tensor(src, dst);
     return true;
@@ -1310,25 +1474,35 @@ ggml_tensor * rpc_server::create_node(uint64_t id,
     return result;
 }
 
-bool rpc_server::graph_compute(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input, rpc_msg_graph_compute_rsp & response) {
+bool rpc_server::graph_compute(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input) {
     // serialization format:
-    // | n_nodes (4 bytes) | nodes (n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) | n_tensors (4 bytes) | tensors (n_tensors * sizeof(rpc_tensor)) |
-    if (input.size() < sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+    // | device (4 bytes) | n_nodes (4 bytes) | nodes (n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) | n_tensors (4 bytes) | tensors (n_tensors * sizeof(rpc_tensor)) |
+    if (input.size() < 2*sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const uint8_t * src = input.data();
+    uint32_t device;
+    memcpy(&device, src, sizeof(device));
+    src += sizeof(device);
+    if (device >= backends.size()) {
         return false;
     }
     uint32_t n_nodes;
-    memcpy(&n_nodes, input.data(), sizeof(n_nodes));
-    if (input.size() < sizeof(uint32_t) + n_nodes*sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+    memcpy(&n_nodes, src, sizeof(n_nodes));
+    src += sizeof(n_nodes);
+    if (input.size() < 2*sizeof(uint32_t) + n_nodes*sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t)) {
         return false;
     }
-    const uint64_t * nodes = (const uint64_t *)(input.data() + sizeof(n_nodes));
+    const uint64_t * nodes = (const uint64_t *)src;
+    src += n_nodes*sizeof(uint64_t);
     uint32_t n_tensors;
-    memcpy(&n_tensors, input.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + n_nodes*sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(n_tensors));
-    if (input.size() < sizeof(uint32_t) + n_nodes*sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + n_tensors*sizeof(rpc_tensor)) {
+    memcpy(&n_tensors, src, sizeof(n_tensors));
+    src += sizeof(n_tensors);
+    if (input.size() < 2*sizeof(uint32_t) + n_nodes*sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + n_tensors*sizeof(rpc_tensor)) {
         return false;
     }
-    const rpc_tensor * tensors = (const rpc_tensor *)(input.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + n_nodes*sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(n_tensors));
-    GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("[%s] n_nodes: %u, n_tensors: %u\n", __func__, n_nodes, n_tensors);
+    const rpc_tensor * tensors = (const rpc_tensor *)src;
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %u, n_nodes: %u, n_tensors: %u\n", __func__, device, n_nodes, n_tensors);
 
     size_t buf_size = ggml_tensor_overhead()*(n_nodes + n_tensors) + ggml_graph_overhead_custom(n_nodes, false);
 
@@ -1343,10 +1517,12 @@ bool rpc_server::graph_compute(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input, rpc_msg_graph
     struct ggml_cgraph * graph = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx, n_nodes, false);
     graph->n_nodes = n_nodes;
     std::unordered_map<uint64_t, const rpc_tensor*> tensor_ptrs;
+    tensor_ptrs.reserve(n_tensors);
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tensors; i++) {
-        tensor_ptrs[tensors[i].id] = &tensors[i];
+        tensor_ptrs.emplace(tensors[i].id, &tensors[i]);
     }
     std::unordered_map<uint64_t, ggml_tensor*> tensor_map;
+    tensor_map.reserve(n_nodes);
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_nodes; i++) {
         int64_t id;
         memcpy(&id, &nodes[i], sizeof(id));
@@ -1360,8 +1536,39 @@ bool rpc_server::graph_compute(const std::vector<uint8_t> & input, rpc_msg_graph
             return false;
         }
     }
-    ggml_status status = ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend, graph);
-    response.result = status;
+    ggml_status status = ggml_backend_graph_compute(backends[device], graph);
+    GGML_ASSERT(status == GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS && "Unsuccessful graph computations are not supported with RPC");
+    stored_graphs[device].ctx_ptr.swap(ctx_ptr);
+    stored_graphs[device].graph = graph;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool rpc_server::graph_recompute(const rpc_msg_graph_recompute_req & request) {
+    uint32_t device = request.device;
+    if (device >= backends.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (stored_graphs[device].graph == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    ggml_cgraph * graph = stored_graphs[device].graph;
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %u\n", __func__, device);
+    ggml_status status = ggml_backend_graph_compute(backends[device], graph);
+    GGML_ASSERT(status == GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS && "Unsuccessful graph computations are not supported with RPC");
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool rpc_server::get_device_memory(const rpc_msg_get_device_memory_req & request, rpc_msg_get_device_memory_rsp & response) {
+    uint32_t dev_id = request.device;
+    if (dev_id >= backends.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    size_t free, total;
+    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_get_device(backends[dev_id]);
+    ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
+    response.free_mem = free;
+    response.total_mem = total;
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] device: %u, free_mem: %" PRIu64 ", total_mem: %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, dev_id, response.free_mem, response.total_mem);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -1371,16 +1578,16 @@ rpc_server::~rpc_server() {
     }
 }
 
-static void rpc_serve_client(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * cache_dir,
-                             sockfd_t sockfd, size_t free_mem, size_t total_mem) {
-    rpc_server server(backend, cache_dir);
+static void rpc_serve_client(const std::vector<ggml_backend_t> & backends, const char * cache_dir,
+                             sockfd_t sockfd) {
+    rpc_server server(backends, cache_dir);
     uint8_t cmd;
     if (!recv_data(sockfd, &cmd, 1)) {
         return;
     }
     // the first command sent by the client must be HELLO
     if (cmd != RPC_CMD_HELLO) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Expected HELLO command, update client\n");
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Expected HELLO command, update client\n");
         return;
     }
     if (!recv_msg(sockfd, nullptr, 0)) {
@@ -1397,7 +1604,7 @@ static void rpc_serve_client(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * cache_dir,
         }
         if (cmd >= RPC_CMD_COUNT) {
             // fail fast if the command is invalid
-            fprintf(stderr, "Unknown command: %d\n", cmd);
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("Unknown command: %d\n", cmd);
             break;
         }
         switch (cmd) {
@@ -1405,13 +1612,26 @@ static void rpc_serve_client(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * cache_dir,
                 // HELLO command is handled above
                 return;
             }
+            case RPC_CMD_DEVICE_COUNT: {
+                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, nullptr, 0)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                rpc_msg_device_count_rsp response;
+                response.device_count = backends.size();
+                if (!send_msg(sockfd, &response, sizeof(response))) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
             case RPC_CMD_ALLOC_BUFFER: {
                 rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_req request;
                 if (!recv_msg(sockfd, &request, sizeof(request))) {
                     return;
                 }
                 rpc_msg_alloc_buffer_rsp response;
-                server.alloc_buffer(request, response);
+                if (!server.alloc_buffer(request, response)) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 if (!send_msg(sockfd, &response, sizeof(response))) {
                     return;
                 }
@@ -1432,22 +1652,28 @@ static void rpc_serve_client(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * cache_dir,
                 break;
             }
             case RPC_CMD_GET_ALIGNMENT: {
-                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, nullptr, 0)) {
+                rpc_msg_get_alignment_req request;
+                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, &request, sizeof(request))) {
                     return;
                 }
                 rpc_msg_get_alignment_rsp response;
-                server.get_alignment(response);
+                if (!server.get_alignment(request, response)) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 if (!send_msg(sockfd, &response, sizeof(response))) {
                     return;
                 }
                 break;
             }
             case RPC_CMD_GET_MAX_SIZE: {
-                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, nullptr, 0)) {
+                rpc_msg_get_max_size_req request;
+                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, &request, sizeof(request))) {
                     return;
                 }
                 rpc_msg_get_max_size_rsp response;
-                server.get_max_size(response);
+                if (!server.get_max_size(request, response)) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 if (!send_msg(sockfd, &response, sizeof(response))) {
                     return;
                 }
@@ -1563,45 +1789,77 @@ static void rpc_serve_client(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * cache_dir,
                 if (!recv_msg(sockfd, input)) {
                     return;
                 }
-                rpc_msg_graph_compute_rsp response;
-                if (!server.graph_compute(input, response)) {
+                if (!server.graph_compute(input)) {
                     return;
                 }
-                if (!send_msg(sockfd, &response, sizeof(response))) {
+                break;
+            }
+            case RPC_CMD_GRAPH_RECOMPUTE: {
+                rpc_msg_graph_recompute_req request;
+                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, &request, sizeof(request))) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (!server.graph_recompute(request)) {
                     return;
                 }
                 break;
             }
             case RPC_CMD_GET_DEVICE_MEMORY: {
-                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, nullptr, 0)) {
+                rpc_msg_get_device_memory_req request;
+                if (!recv_msg(sockfd, &request, sizeof(request))) {
                     return;
                 }
                 rpc_msg_get_device_memory_rsp response;
-                response.free_mem = free_mem;
-                response.total_mem = total_mem;
+                if (!server.get_device_memory(request, response)) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 if (!send_msg(sockfd, &response, sizeof(response))) {
                     return;
                 }
                 break;
             }
             default: {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Unknown command: %d\n", cmd);
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("Unknown command: %d\n", cmd);
                 return;
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_backend_rpc_start_server(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * endpoint,
-                                   const char * cache_dir,
-                                   size_t free_mem, size_t total_mem) {
+void ggml_backend_rpc_start_server(const char * endpoint, const char * cache_dir,
+                                   size_t n_threads, size_t n_devices, ggml_backend_dev_t * devices) {
+    if (n_devices == 0 || devices == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid arguments to ggml_backend_rpc_start_server\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_t> backends;
     printf("Starting RPC server v%d.%d.%d\n",
         RPC_PROTO_MAJOR_VERSION,
         RPC_PROTO_MINOR_VERSION,
         RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION);
     printf("  endpoint       : %s\n", endpoint);
     printf("  local cache    : %s\n", cache_dir ? cache_dir : "n/a");
-    printf("  backend memory : %zu MB\n", free_mem / (1024 * 1024));
+    printf("Devices:\n");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_devices; i++) {
+        auto dev = devices[i];
+        size_t free, total;
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
+        printf("  %s: %s (%zu MiB, %zu MiB free)\n", ggml_backend_dev_name(dev), ggml_backend_dev_description(dev),
+               total / 1024 / 1024, free / 1024 / 1024);
+        auto backend = ggml_backend_dev_init(dev, nullptr);
+        if (!backend) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create backend for device %s\n", dev->iface.get_name(dev));
+            return;
+        }
+        backends.push_back(backend);
+        ggml_backend_reg_t reg = dev ? ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(dev) : nullptr;
+        if (reg) {
+            auto ggml_backend_set_n_threads_fn = (ggml_backend_set_n_threads_t) ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_backend_set_n_threads");
+            if (ggml_backend_set_n_threads_fn) {
+                ggml_backend_set_n_threads_fn(backend, n_threads);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     std::string host;
     int port;
@@ -1629,22 +1887,27 @@ void ggml_backend_rpc_start_server(ggml_backend_t backend, const char * endpoint
             fprintf(stderr, "Failed to accept client connection\n");
             return;
         }
-        printf("Accepted client connection, free_mem=%zu, total_mem=%zu\n", free_mem, total_mem);
+        printf("Accepted client connection\n");
         fflush(stdout);
-        rpc_serve_client(backend, cache_dir, client_socket->fd, free_mem, total_mem);
+        rpc_serve_client(backends, cache_dir, client_socket->fd);
         printf("Client connection closed\n");
         fflush(stdout);
     }
 #ifdef _WIN32
     WSACleanup();
 #endif
+    for (auto backend : backends) {
+        ggml_backend_free(backend);
+    }
 }
 
 // device interface
 
 struct ggml_backend_rpc_device_context {
     std::string endpoint;
+    uint32_t    device;
     std::string name;
+    std::string description;
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -1656,15 +1919,13 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
 static const char * ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
     ggml_backend_rpc_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_device_context *)dev->context;
 
-    return ctx->name.c_str();
+    return ctx->description.c_str();
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
     ggml_backend_rpc_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_device_context *)dev->context;
 
-    ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_memory(ctx->endpoint.c_str(), free, total);
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_memory(ctx->endpoint.c_str(), ctx->device, free, total);
 }
 
 static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -1690,7 +1951,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggm
 static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
     ggml_backend_rpc_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_device_context *)dev->context;
 
-    return ggml_backend_rpc_init(ctx->endpoint.c_str());
+    return ggml_backend_rpc_init(ctx->endpoint.c_str(), ctx->device);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(params);
 }
@@ -1698,7 +1959,7 @@ static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const
 static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
     ggml_backend_rpc_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_device_context *)dev->context;
 
-    return ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(ctx->endpoint.c_str());
+    return ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(ctx->endpoint.c_str(), ctx->device);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
@@ -1716,7 +1977,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_rpc_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_b
     }
     ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context * buft_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context *)buft->context;
     ggml_backend_rpc_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_device_context *)dev->context;
-    return buft_ctx->endpoint == dev_ctx->endpoint;
+    return buft_ctx->endpoint == dev_ctx->endpoint && buft_ctx->device == dev_ctx->device;
 }
 
 static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_rpc_device_i = {
@@ -1739,28 +2000,34 @@ static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_rpc_device_i = {
 
 // backend reg interface
 
-static const char * ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return "RPC";
+struct ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context {
+    std::string                     name;
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
+};
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+static const char * ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context *)reg->context;
+    return ctx ? ctx->name.c_str() : "RPC";
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
-    return 0;
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+    ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context *)reg->context;
+    return ctx ? ctx->devices.size() : 0;
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
-    GGML_ABORT("The RPC backend does not have enumerated devices - use ggml_backend_add_device instead");
-
-    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
-    GGML_UNUSED(index);
+    ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context *)reg->context;
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        GGML_ABORT("The RPC backend does not have enumerated devices - use ggml_backend_rpc_add_server instead");
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(index < ctx->devices.size());
+        return ctx->devices[index];
+    }
 }
 
 static void * ggml_backend_rpc_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
-    if (std::strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_rpc_add_device") == 0) {
-        return (void *)ggml_backend_rpc_add_device;
+    if (std::strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_rpc_add_server") == 0) {
+        return (void *)ggml_backend_rpc_add_server;
     }
     if (std::strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_rpc_start_server") == 0) {
         return (void *)ggml_backend_rpc_start_server;
@@ -1787,30 +2054,65 @@ ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_rpc_reg(void) {
     return &ggml_backend_rpc_reg;
 }
 
-ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_rpc_add_device(const char * endpoint) {
-    static std::unordered_map<std::string, ggml_backend_dev_t> dev_map;
+static uint32_t ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_count(const char * endpoint) {
+    auto sock = get_socket(endpoint);
+    if (sock == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("Failed to connect to %s\n", endpoint);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    rpc_msg_device_count_rsp response;
+    bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_DEVICE_COUNT, nullptr, 0, &response, sizeof(response));
+    RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
+    return response.device_count;
+}
+
+static const ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_rpc_reg_interface = {
+    /* .get_name          = */ ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count  = */ ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_device_count,
+    /* .get_device        = */ ggml_backend_rpc_reg_get_device,
+    /* .get_proc_address  = */ ggml_backend_rpc_get_proc_address,
+};
 
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_rpc_add_server(const char * endpoint) {
+    static std::unordered_map<std::string, ggml_backend_reg_t> reg_map;
     static std::mutex mutex;
+    static uint32_t dev_id = 0;
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
-
-    if (dev_map.find(endpoint) != dev_map.end()) {
-        return dev_map[endpoint];
+    if (reg_map.find(endpoint) != reg_map.end()) {
+        return reg_map[endpoint];
     }
-
-    ggml_backend_rpc_device_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_rpc_device_context {
-        /* .endpoint = */ endpoint,
-        /* .name     = */ "RPC[" + std::string(endpoint) + "]",
-    };
-
-    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device {
-        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_rpc_device_i,
-        /* .reg     = */ ggml_backend_rpc_reg(),
-        /* .context = */ ctx,
+    uint32_t dev_count = ggml_backend_rpc_get_device_count(endpoint);
+    if (dev_count == 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_rpc_reg_context;
+    ctx->name = "RPC[" + std::string(endpoint) + "]";
+    for (uint32_t ind = 0; ind < dev_count; ind++) {
+        std::string dev_name = "RPC" + std::to_string(dev_id);
+        std::string dev_desc = std::string(endpoint);
+        ggml_backend_rpc_device_context * dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_rpc_device_context {
+            /* .endpoint    = */ endpoint,
+            /* .device      = */ ind,
+            /* .name        = */ dev_name,
+            /* .description = */ dev_desc
+        };
+
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device {
+            /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_rpc_device_i,
+            /* .reg     = */ ggml_backend_rpc_reg(),
+            /* .context = */ dev_ctx,
+        };
+        ctx->devices.push_back(dev);
+        dev_id++;
+    }
+    ggml_backend_reg_t reg = new ggml_backend_reg {
+        /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+        /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_rpc_reg_interface,
+        /* .context     = */ ctx
     };
-
-    dev_map[endpoint] = dev;
-
-    return dev;
+    reg_map[endpoint] = reg;
+    return reg;
 }
 
+
 GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_rpc_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/CMakeLists.txt
index efd78b912cc..7b07b227874 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 message(STATUS  "GGML_SYCL_TARGET=${GGML_SYCL_TARGET}")
 
-if (NOT GGML_SYCL_TARGET MATCHES "^(INTEL|NVIDIA|AMD)$")
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "Invalid backend chosen, supported options are INTEL, NVIDIA, or AMD")
+if (NOT GGML_SYCL_TARGET MATCHES "^(INTEL)$")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "GGML_SYCL_TARGET: Invalid target, the supported options are [INTEL]")
 endif()
 
 check_cxx_compiler_flag("-fsycl" SUPPORTS_SYCL)
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-sycl
 
 file(GLOB   GGML_HEADERS_SYCL "*.hpp")
 file(GLOB   GGML_SOURCES_SYCL "*.cpp")
+file(GLOB   SRCS "template-instances/fattn-tile*.cpp")
+list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_SYCL ${SRCS})
+file(GLOB   SRCS "template-instances/fattn-vec*.cpp")
+list(APPEND GGML_SOURCES_SYCL ${SRCS})
+
 target_sources(ggml-sycl PRIVATE ${GGML_HEADERS_SYCL} ${GGML_SOURCES_SYCL})
 
 if (WIN32)
@@ -36,7 +41,47 @@ if (WIN32)
     endif()
 endif()
 
-find_package(IntelSYCL)
+macro(detect_and_find_package package_name)
+    set(test_source "
+    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION ${CMAKE_VERSION})
+    project(check_package LANGUAGES CXX)
+    find_package(${package_name} QUIET)
+    ")
+
+    set(test_dir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/check_package_${package_name}")
+    file(WRITE "${test_dir}/CMakeLists.txt" "${test_source}")
+
+    set(cmake_args "")
+    if(CMAKE_GENERATOR)
+        list(APPEND cmake_args "-G" "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}")
+    endif()
+    if(CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM)
+        list(APPEND cmake_args "-A" "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}")
+    endif()
+    if(CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET)
+        list(APPEND cmake_args "-T" "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET}")
+    endif()
+    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER)
+        list(APPEND cmake_args "-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}")
+    endif()
+
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} ${cmake_args} .
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY "${test_dir}"
+        RESULT_VARIABLE result
+        OUTPUT_QUIET
+        ERROR_QUIET
+    )
+
+    if(result EQUAL 0)
+        find_package(${package_name} ${ARGN})
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "Detection of ${package_name} failed. The package might be broken or incompatible.")
+        set(${package_name}_FOUND FALSE)
+    endif()
+endmacro()
+
+detect_and_find_package(IntelSYCL)
 if (IntelSYCL_FOUND)
     # Use oneAPI CMake when possible
     target_link_libraries(ggml-sycl PRIVATE IntelSYCL::SYCL_CXX)
@@ -85,105 +130,32 @@ endif()
 target_compile_definitions(ggml-sycl PRIVATE GGML_SYCL_DNNL=${GGML_SYCL_DNNL})
 
 if (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    if (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "AMD")
-        message(WARNING "AMD target does not entirely support FP16 in the SYCL backend.")
-    endif()
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_SYCL_F16)
 endif()
 
-if (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "NVIDIA")
-    add_compile_definitions(GGML_SYCL_WARP_SIZE=32)
-elseif (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "AMD")
-    # INFO: Allowed Sub_group_sizes are not consistent through all
-    # hip targets. For example, 64 is used for certain models, but the backend
-    # does not support it.
-    # Target archs tested working: gfx1030, gfx1031, (Only tested sub_group_size = 32)
-    add_compile_definitions(GGML_SYCL_WARP_SIZE=32)
-else()
+if (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "INTEL")
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_SYCL_WARP_SIZE=16)
-endif()
+    target_link_options(ggml-sycl PRIVATE  -Xs   -ze-intel-greater-than-4GB-buffer-required)
 
-if (GGML_SYCL_GRAPH)
-    target_compile_definitions(ggml-sycl PRIVATE GGML_SYCL_GRAPH)
-endif()
-
-# Link against Intel oneMKL or oneMath
-if (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "INTEL")
-    # Intel devices use Intel oneMKL directly instead of oneMath to avoid the limitation of linking Intel oneMKL statically
-    # See https://github.com/uxlfoundation/oneMath/issues/654
+    # Link against Intel oneMKL
     if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
         set(SYCL_COMPILER ON)
     endif()
     find_package(MKL REQUIRED)
     target_link_libraries(ggml-sycl PRIVATE MKL::MKL_SYCL::BLAS)
-    target_compile_definitions(ggml-sycl PRIVATE GGML_SYCL_USE_INTEL_ONEMKL)
 else()
-    find_package(oneMath QUIET)
-    if (NOT oneMath_FOUND)
-        message(STATUS "oneMath not found: oneMath will be automatically downloaded")
-        # Use FetchContent to automatically pull and build oneMath
-        include(FetchContent)
-        set(BUILD_FUNCTIONAL_TESTS False)
-        set(BUILD_EXAMPLES False)
-        set(TARGET_DOMAINS blas)
-        if (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "NVIDIA")
-            set(ENABLE_MKLCPU_BACKEND False)
-            set(ENABLE_MKLGPU_BACKEND False)
-            set(ENABLE_CUBLAS_BACKEND True)
-        elseif (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "AMD")
-            set(ENABLE_MKLCPU_BACKEND False)
-            set(ENABLE_MKLGPU_BACKEND False)
-            set(ENABLE_ROCBLAS_BACKEND True)
-            # Ensure setting a string variable here is not overriden by oneMath CACHE variables
-            cmake_policy(SET CMP0126 NEW)
-            # Setting the device architecture is only needed and useful for AMD devices in oneMath
-            set(HIP_TARGETS ${GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH} CACHE STRING "oneMath HIP target" FORCE)
-        endif()
-        FetchContent_Declare(
-            ONEMATH
-            GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/uxlfoundation/oneMath.git
-            GIT_TAG 8efe85f5aaebb37f1d8c503b7af66315feabf142
-        )
-        FetchContent_MakeAvailable(ONEMATH)
-        # Create alias to match with find_package targets name
-        function(onemath_alias target)
-            if (TARGET ${target}_obj)
-                # Silence verbose warnings from external libraries
-                target_compile_options(${target}_obj PRIVATE -w)
-            endif()
-            if (TARGET ${target})
-                add_library(ONEMATH::${target} ALIAS ${target})
-            endif()
-        endfunction()
-        onemath_alias(onemath)
-        onemath_alias(onemath_blas_mklcpu)
-        onemath_alias(onemath_blas_mklgpu)
-        onemath_alias(onemath_blas_cublas)
-        onemath_alias(onemath_blas_rocblas)
-    endif()
+    # default for other target
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "GGML_SYCL_TARGET is not supported")
+    add_compile_definitions(GGML_SYCL_WARP_SIZE=32)
+endif()
 
-    # Below oneMath compile-time dispatching is used for better performance
-    if (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "NVIDIA")
-        target_link_libraries(ggml-sycl PRIVATE ONEMATH::onemath_blas_cublas)
-        target_compile_options(ggml-sycl PRIVATE "-fsycl-targets=nvptx64-nvidia-cuda")
-        target_link_options(ggml-sycl PRIVATE "-fsycl-targets=nvptx64-nvidia-cuda")
-        target_compile_definitions(ggml-sycl PRIVATE GGML_SYCL_NVIDIA)
-    elseif (GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "AMD")
-        if (NOT GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH)
-            message(FATAL_ERROR "Can't enable SYCL hip backend, GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH has not been set.")
-        endif()
-        target_link_libraries(ggml-sycl PRIVATE ONEMATH::onemath_blas_rocblas)
-        target_compile_options(ggml-sycl PRIVATE "-fsycl-targets=amdgcn-amd-amdhsa")
-        target_link_options(ggml-sycl PRIVATE "-fsycl-targets=amdgcn-amd-amdhsa")
-        target_compile_definitions(ggml-sycl PRIVATE GGML_SYCL_AMD)
-    else()
-        # Fallback to oneMath runtime dispatcher
-        target_link_libraries(ggml-sycl PRIVATE ONEMATH::onemath)
-        target_compile_definitions(ggml-sycl PRIVATE GGML_SYCL_GENERIC)
-    endif()
+if (GGML_SYCL_GRAPH)
+    message(STATUS "find GGML_SYCL_GRAPH")
+    target_compile_definitions(ggml-sycl PRIVATE GGML_SYCL_GRAPH)
 endif()
 
 if (GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH)
     target_compile_options(ggml-sycl PRIVATE -Xsycl-target-backend --offload-arch=${GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH})
     target_link_options(ggml-sycl PRIVATE -Xsycl-target-backend --offload-arch=${GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH})
 endif()
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/add-id.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/add-id.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8929017a999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/add-id.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "add-id.hpp"
+
+static void add_id_kernel(
+    const float* src0,
+    const float* src1,
+    const int32_t* src2,
+    float* dst,
+    int64_t ne0,
+    int64_t ne1,
+    size_t nb01,
+    size_t nb02,
+    size_t nb11,
+    size_t nb21,
+    sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+  const int64_t i1 = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+  const int64_t i2 = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+
+  const int i11 =
+      *(const int32_t*)((const char*)src2 + i1 * sizeof(int32_t) + i2 * nb21);
+
+  const size_t nb1 = ne0 * sizeof(float);
+  const size_t nb2 = ne1 * nb1;
+
+  float* dst_row = (float*)((char*)dst + i1 * nb1 + i2 * nb2);
+  const float* src0_row =
+      (const float*)((const char*)src0 + i1 * nb01 + i2 * nb02);
+  const float* src1_row = (const float*)((const char*)src1 + i11 * nb11);
+
+  for (int64_t i0 = item_ct1.get_local_id(2); i0 < ne0;
+       i0 += item_ct1.get_local_range(2)) {
+    dst_row[i0] = src0_row[i0] + src1_row[i0];
+  }
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_add_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+  const ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];
+  const ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];
+  const ggml_tensor* src2 = dst->src[2];
+
+  GGML_TENSOR_TERNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+  GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+  GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+  GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+  GGML_ASSERT(src2->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+  GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float));
+  GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+  GGML_ASSERT(nb20 == sizeof(int32_t));
+
+  const float* src0_d = (const float*)src0->data;
+  const float* src1_d = (const float*)src1->data;
+  const int32_t* src2_d = (const int32_t*)src2->data;
+  float* dst_d = (float*)dst->data;
+
+  const unsigned int max_work_group_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[ctx.device];
+  assert(work_group_size % (WARP_SIZE * WARP_SIZE) == 0);
+
+  int threads = std::min((unsigned int)ne00, max_work_group_size);  // cols
+
+  ctx.stream()->parallel_for(
+      sycl::nd_range<3>(
+          sycl::range<3>(1, ne02, ne01) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, threads),
+          sycl::range<3>(1, 1, threads)),
+      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+        add_id_kernel(
+            src0_d,
+            src1_d,
+            src2_d,
+            dst_d,
+            ne0,
+            ne1,
+            nb01,
+            nb02,
+            nb11,
+            nb21,
+            item_ct1);
+      });
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/add-id.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/add-id.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e1b09ee8c7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/add-id.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_ADD_ID_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_ADD_ID_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_add_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_ADD_ID_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/backend.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/backend.hpp
index f78a36ddf8f..b30b7f2beb7 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/backend.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/backend.hpp
@@ -18,20 +18,29 @@
 #include "concat.hpp"
 #include "conv.hpp"
 #include "convert.hpp"
+#include "count-equal.hpp"
 #include "cpy.hpp"
 #include "dequantize.hpp"
 #include "dmmv.hpp"
 #include "element_wise.hpp"
+#include "fattn.hpp"
 #include "gla.hpp"
 #include "im2col.hpp"
 #include "mmq.hpp"
 #include "mmvq.hpp"
 #include "norm.hpp"
 #include "outprod.hpp"
+#include "pad.hpp"
+#include "quantize.hpp"
 #include "quants.hpp"
+#include "roll.hpp"
 #include "rope.hpp"
+#include "set_rows.hpp"
+#include "ssm_conv.hpp"
 #include "softmax.hpp"
 #include "tsembd.hpp"
 #include "wkv.hpp"
+#include "pad_reflect_1d.hpp"
+
 
 #endif  // GGML_SYCL_BACKEND_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/binbcast.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/binbcast.cpp
index 741630dba34..92dd18889f4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/binbcast.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/binbcast.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ static void k_bin_bcast(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
         int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
         int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
         /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
-        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
-        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13,
+        int s00, int s01, int s02, int s03,
+        int s10, int s11, int s12, int s13,
         const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
     const int i0s = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
                     item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static void k_bin_bcast(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
     for (int i0 = i0s; i0 < ne0;
          i0 += item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group_range(2)) {
         const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
-        dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
+        dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0*s00] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10*s10]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ static void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t
         int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
         int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
         /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
-        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
-        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13,
+        int s00, int s01, int s02, int s03,
+        int s10, int s11, int s12, int s13,
         const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
 
     const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ static void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t
     dst_t * dst_row = dst + i_dst;
 
     const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
-    dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
+    dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0*s00] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10*s10]);
 }
 
 
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ struct bin_bcast_sycl {
                     const int64_t ne3, const size_t nb00, const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
                     const size_t nb10, const size_t nb11, const size_t nb12, const size_t nb13, const size_t nb0,
                     const size_t nb1, const size_t nb2, const size_t nb3, const bool src0_is_contiguous,
-                    const bool src1_is_contiguous, const bool dst_is_contiguous, queue_ptr stream) {
+                    const bool src1_is_contiguous, const bool src0_is_permuted, const bool src1_is_permuted,
+                    queue_ptr stream) {
         int nr0 = ne10 / ne0;
         int nr1 = ne11/ne1;
         int nr2 = ne12/ne2;
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ struct bin_bcast_sycl {
             cnb[3] *= cne[3];
         };
 
-        if (src0_is_contiguous && src1_is_contiguous && dst_is_contiguous) {
+        if (src0_is_contiguous && src1_is_contiguous && !src0_is_permuted && !src1_is_permuted) {
             for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                 if (nr[i] != 1) {
                     break;
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ struct bin_bcast_sycl {
             size_t nb12 = cnb1[2];
             size_t nb13 = cnb1[3];
 
-            size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
+            // size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
             size_t s1 = nb1 / sizeof(dst_t);
             size_t s2 = nb2 / sizeof(dst_t);
             size_t s3 = nb3 / sizeof(dst_t);
@@ -196,9 +197,6 @@ struct bin_bcast_sycl {
             GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
             GGML_ASSERT(nb13 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
 
-            GGML_ASSERT(s0 == 1);
-            GGML_ASSERT(s10 == 1);
-
             const int block_size = 128;
 
             int64_t hne0 = std::max(ne0/2LL, 1LL);
@@ -225,15 +223,15 @@ struct bin_bcast_sycl {
                     dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                                  {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-                    sycl_parallel_for(
-                        stream,
-                        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_num) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_size),
+                    stream->parallel_for(
+                        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_num) *
+                                              sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_size),
                                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_size)),
                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                             k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op>(
                                 src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
-                                ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s1, s2, s3, s01, s02,
-                                s03, s11, s12, s13, item_ct1);
+                                ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s1, s2, s3, s00, s01, s02,
+                                s03, s10, s11, s12, s13, item_ct1);
                         });
                 }
             } else {
@@ -246,11 +244,12 @@ struct bin_bcast_sycl {
                 dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                              {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                stream->parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         k_bin_bcast<bin_op>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0, ne1,
                                             ne2, ne3, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                                            s1, s2, s3, s01, s02, s03, s11, s12, s13,
+                                            s1, s2, s3, s00, s01, s02, s03, s10, s11, s12, s13,
                                             item_ct1);
                     });
             }
@@ -267,24 +266,27 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_bin_bcast(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_t
     if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
         op()((const float *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (float *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10,
              ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3,
-             ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_contiguous(dst), main_stream);
+             ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_permuted(src0), ggml_is_permuted(src1), main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
         op()((const sycl::half *) src0->data, (const sycl::half *) src1->data, (sycl::half *) dst->data, ne00, ne01,
              ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
-             nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_contiguous(dst),
+             nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_permuted(src0), ggml_is_permuted(src1),
              main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
         op()((const sycl::half *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (sycl::half *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02,
              ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb0, nb1,
-             nb2, nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_contiguous(dst), main_stream);
+             nb2, nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_permuted(src0), ggml_is_permuted(src1),
+             main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
         op()((const int32_t *) src0->data, (const int32_t *) src1->data, (int32_t *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
              ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb0, nb1, nb2,
-             nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_contiguous(dst), main_stream);
+             nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_permuted(src0), ggml_is_permuted(src1),
+             main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I16) {
         op()((const int16_t *) src0->data, (const int16_t *) src1->data, (int16_t *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
              ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb0, nb1, nb2,
-             nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_contiguous(dst), main_stream);
+             nb3, ggml_is_contiguous(src0), ggml_is_contiguous(src1), ggml_is_permuted(src0), ggml_is_permuted(src1),
+             main_stream);
     } else {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported types: dst: %s, src0: %s, src1: %s\n", __func__, ggml_type_name(dst->type),
                 ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(src1->type));
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp
index 753b4af1436..fcb0db99c6b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp
@@ -19,10 +19,13 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-sycl.h"
 #include "presets.hpp"
 #include "sycl_hw.hpp"
 
+namespace syclexp = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
 
 #if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
 #include "dnnl.hpp"
@@ -31,6 +34,9 @@
 
 #define GGML_COMMON_DECL_SYCL
 #define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_SYCL
+#define SYCL_FLASH_ATTN //remove it to disable FLASH_ATTENTION in building.
+#define SYCL_FAST_FP16  //don't change. remove it will break fattn-tile.hpp building
+
 /* suppress warning spam */
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnested-anon-types"
@@ -45,6 +51,8 @@ void ggml_sycl_host_free(void* ptr);
 extern int g_ggml_sycl_debug;
 extern int g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize;
 extern int g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv;
+extern int g_ggml_sycl_enable_flash_attention;
+
 
 #if defined(__clang__) && __has_builtin(__builtin_expect)
 // Hint the optimizer to pipeline the more likely following instruction in branches
@@ -76,10 +84,10 @@ extern int g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv;
 
 
 #define __SYCL_ARCH__ DPCT_COMPATIBILITY_TEMP
-#define VER_4VEC 610 // todo for hardward optimize.
-#define VER_GEN9 700 // todo for hardward optimize.
-#define VER_GEN12 1000000 // todo for hardward optimize.
-#define VER_GEN13 (VER_GEN12 + 1030) // todo for hardward optimize.
+#define VER_4VEC 610 // todo for hardware optimize.
+#define VER_GEN9 700 // todo for hardware optimize.
+#define VER_GEN12 1000000 // todo for hardware optimize.
+#define VER_GEN13 (VER_GEN12 + 1030) // todo for hardware optimize.
 
 #define GGML_SYCL_MAX_NODES 8192 // TODO: adapt to hardwares
 
@@ -170,6 +178,10 @@ static size_t g_scratch_offset = 0;
 
 int get_current_device_id();
 
+inline int ggml_sycl_get_device() {
+    return get_current_device_id();
+}
+
 inline dpct::err0 ggml_sycl_set_device(const int device) try {
   int current_device_id;
   SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(current_device_id = get_current_device_id()));
@@ -194,12 +206,17 @@ struct optimize_feature {
 };
 
 struct sycl_device_info {
-    int     cc;                 // compute capability
-    // int     nsm;                // number of streaming multiprocessors
+    int cc;  // compute capability
+    int nsm; // number of streaming multiprocessors (CUDA) maps to the maximum
+             // number of compute units on a SYCL device.
     // size_t  smpb;               // max. shared memory per block
+    size_t  smpbo;              // max. shared memory per block (with opt-in)
+    int warp_size;     // WARP_SIZE(16)|WARP_32_SIZE(32)|WARP_16_SIZE(16). For Intel GPU, 16 is better in most cases. Some OP support 32 only.
+    int max_wg_per_cu; // max work groups per compute unit - refer to
+                       // cudaOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor
     bool    vmm;                // virtual memory support
     size_t  total_vram;
-    sycl_hw_info hw_info;
+    //sycl_hw_info hw_info;     \\ device id and aarch, currently not used
     optimize_feature opt_feature;
 };
 
@@ -286,29 +303,6 @@ struct ggml_tensor_extra_gpu {
 
 void release_extra_gpu(ggml_tensor_extra_gpu * extra, std::vector<queue_ptr> streams={});
 
-inline optimize_feature check_gpu_optimize_feature(syclex::architecture &arch) {
-    optimize_feature opt;
-
-    opt.reorder =
-        (arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_dg1 ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_acm_g10 ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_acm_g11 ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_acm_g12 ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_pvc ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_pvc_vg ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_mtl_u ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_mtl_s ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_mtl_h ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_arl_u ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_arl_s ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_arl_h ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_bmg_g21 ||
-         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_lnl_m
-        );
-
-    return opt;
-}
-
 namespace sycl_ex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
 struct ggml_backend_sycl_context {
     int device;
@@ -439,13 +433,6 @@ static __dpct_inline__ float warp_reduce_sum(float x,
     const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1) {
 #pragma unroll
     for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
-        /*
-        DPCT1096:98: The right-most dimension of the work-group used in the SYCL
-        kernel that calls this function may be less than "32". The function
-        "dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor" may return an unexpected result on the
-        CPU device. Modify the size of the work-group to ensure that the value
-        of the right-most dimension is a multiple of "32".
-        */
         x += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(item_ct1.get_sub_group(), x, mask);
     }
     return x;
@@ -463,17 +450,127 @@ warp_reduce_sum(sycl::float2 a, const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1) {
     return a;
 }
 
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ int warp_reduce_sum(int x) {
+  return sycl::reduce_over_group(
+      sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), x, sycl::plus<>());
+}
+
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ float warp_reduce_sum(float x) {
+#pragma unroll
+  for (int offset = width / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+    x += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+        sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), x, offset, width);
+  }
+  return x;
+}
+
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ float warp_reduce_sum(float x, const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1) {
+#pragma unroll
+  for (int offset = width / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+    x += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+        item_ct1.get_sub_group(), x, offset);
+  }
+  return x;
+}
+
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ sycl::float2 warp_reduce_sum(sycl::float2 a) {
+#pragma unroll
+  for (int offset = width / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+    a.x() += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+        sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), a.x(), offset,
+        width);
+    a.y() += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+        sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), a.y(), offset,
+        width);
+  }
+  return a;
+}
+
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ sycl::half2 warp_reduce_sum(sycl::half2 a) {
+#pragma unroll
+  for (int offset = width / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+    a = a + dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+                sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), a, offset,
+                width);
+  }
+  return a;
+}
+
+static constexpr int ggml_sycl_get_physical_warp_size() {
+  // todo: for old iGPU + dGPU case, need to be changed.
+  return WARP_SIZE;
+}
+
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ int warp_reduce_all(int x) {
+    if (width == ggml_sycl_get_physical_warp_size()) {
+        return sycl::all_of_group(
+            sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(),
+            (~0xffffffff &
+             (0x1 << sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group()
+                         .get_local_linear_id())) ||
+                x);
+    } else {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int offset = width / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+            x = dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+                    sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), x,
+                    offset, width) &&
+                x;
+        }
+        return x;
+    }
+}
+
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ int warp_reduce_any(int x) {
+    if (width == ggml_sycl_get_physical_warp_size()) {
+        return sycl::any_of_group(
+            sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(),
+            (0xffffffff &
+             (0x1 << sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group()
+                         .get_local_linear_id())) &&
+                x);
+    } else {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int offset = width / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+            x = dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+                    sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), x,
+                    offset, width) ||
+                x;
+        }
+        return x;
+    }
+}
+
+/* use WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE*/
+template <int width>
+static __dpct_inline__ float warp_reduce_max(float x) {
+#pragma unroll
+  for (int offset = width / 2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+    x = sycl::fmax(x, dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+                          sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), x,
+                          offset, width));
+  }
+  return x;
+}
+
 static __dpct_inline__ float warp_reduce_max(float x,
     const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1) {
 #pragma unroll
     for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
-        /*
-        DPCT1096:97: The right-most dimension of the work-group used in the SYCL
-        kernel that calls this function may be less than "32". The function
-        "dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor" may return an unexpected result on the
-        CPU device. Modify the size of the work-group to ensure that the value
-        of the right-most dimension is a multiple of "32".
-        */
         x = sycl::fmax(x, dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
             item_ct1.get_sub_group(), x, mask));
     }
@@ -581,4 +678,291 @@ struct scope_op_debug_print {
     std::string_view func_suffix;
 };
 
+static __dpct_inline__ float get_alibi_slope(const float    max_bias,
+                                             const uint32_t h,
+                                             const uint32_t n_head_log2,
+                                             const float    m0,
+                                             const float    m1) {
+    if (max_bias <= 0.0f) {
+        return 1.0f;
+    }
+    const float base = h < n_head_log2 ? m0 : m1;
+    const int   exph = h < n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1;
+
+    return dpct::pow(base, exph);
+}
+
+static const sycl::uint3 init_fastdiv_values(uint32_t d) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(d != 0);
+
+    uint32_t L = 0;
+    while (L < 32 && (uint32_t{ 1 } << L) < d) {
+        L++;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mp = (uint32_t) ((uint64_t{ 1 } << 32) * ((uint64_t{ 1 } << L) - d) / d + 1);
+    return sycl::uint3(mp, L, d);
+}
+
+// Maximum number of bytes that can be copied in a single instruction.
+// Set by test result.
+static constexpr int ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes() {
+    return 16;
+}
+
+// Aligned memory transfers of 8/16 bytes can be faster than 2 transfers with 4 bytes.
+template <int nbytes, int alignment = 0>
+static __dpct_inline__ void ggml_sycl_memcpy_1(void * dst, const void * src) {
+    if constexpr (alignment != 0) {
+        static_assert(nbytes % alignment == 0, "bad alignment");
+    }
+    constexpr int nb_per_cpy = alignment == 0 ? nbytes : alignment;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < nbytes/nb_per_cpy; ++i) {
+        if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 1) {
+            ((char *) dst)[i] = ((const char *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 2) {
+            ((short *) dst)[i] = ((const short *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 4) {
+            ((int *) dst)[i] = ((const int *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 8) {
+            ((sycl::int2 *) dst)[i] = ((const sycl::int2 *) src)[i];
+        } else if constexpr (nb_per_cpy == 16) {
+            ((sycl::int4 *) dst)[i] = ((const sycl::int4 *) src)[i];
+        } else {
+            static_assert(nbytes == 0 && nbytes == -1, "bad nbytes");
+        }
+    }
+}
+template <typename T>
+sycl::half2 __dpct_inline__ make_half2( T x, T y) {
+    sycl::half2 res(static_cast<sycl::half>(x),static_cast<sycl::half>(y));
+    return res;
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ uint32_t fastdiv(uint32_t n, const sycl::uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    const uint32_t hi = sycl::mul_hi<unsigned>(n, fastdiv_values.x());
+    return (hi + n) >> fastdiv_values.y();
+}
+
+
+template <typename T>
+sycl::float2 __dpct_inline__ make_float2( T x, T y) {
+    sycl::float2 res(static_cast<float>(x),static_cast<float>(y));
+    return res;
+}
+
+sycl::float2 __dpct_inline__ __half22float2(sycl::half2 &H) {
+    sycl::float2 float2_value(static_cast<float>(H.x()), static_cast<float>(H.y()));
+    return float2_value;
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ sycl::uint2 fast_div_modulo(uint32_t n, const sycl::uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    const uint32_t div_val = fastdiv(n, fastdiv_values);
+    const uint32_t mod_val = n - div_val * fastdiv_values.z();
+    return sycl::uint2(div_val, mod_val);
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ int ggml_sycl_dp4a(const int a, const int b, int c) {
+    return dpct::dp4a(a, b, c);
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ float ggml_sycl_e8m0_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
+    uint32_t bits;
+    if (x == 0) {
+        bits = 0x00400000;
+    } else {
+        bits = (uint32_t) x << 23;
+    }
+
+    float result;
+    memcpy(&result, &bits, sizeof(float));
+    return result;
+}
+
+sycl::float2 __dpct_inline__ __half22float2(const sycl::half2 &H) {
+    sycl::float2 float2_value(static_cast<float>(H.x()), static_cast<float>(H.y()));
+    return float2_value;
+}
+
+float __dpct_inline__ __half2float(sycl::half H) {
+    return static_cast<float>(H);
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ void ggml_sycl_mad(float & acc, const float v, const float u) {
+    acc += v*u;
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ void ggml_sycl_mad(float & acc, const sycl::float2 v, const sycl::float2 u) {
+    acc += v.x() * u.x();
+    acc += v.y() * u.y();
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ void ggml_sycl_mad(float & acc, const sycl::half2 v, const sycl::half2 u) {
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    const sycl::float2 tmp = (v * u).template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+    acc += tmp.x() + tmp.y();
+#else
+    const sycl::float2 tmpv = __half22float2(v);
+    const sycl::float2 tmpu = __half22float2(u);
+    acc += tmpv.x() * tmpu.x();
+    acc += tmpv.y() * tmpu.y();
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ void ggml_sycl_mad(sycl::half2 & acc, const sycl::half2 v, const sycl::half2 u) {
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    acc += v*u;
+#else
+    const sycl::float2 tmpv = __half22float2(v);
+    const sycl::float2 tmpu = __half22float2(u);
+    sycl::float2 tmpacc = __half22float2(acc);
+    // tmpacc.x += tmpv.x() * tmpu.x();
+    // tmpacc.y += tmpv.y() * tmpu.y();
+    sycl::float2 tmp1(tmpacc.x() + tmpv.x() * tmpu.x(), tmpacc.y() + tmpv.y() * tmpu.y());
+    acc = make_half2(tmp1.x(), tmp1.y());
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+}
+
+template <int n>
+struct ggml_sycl_unroll {
+    template <typename Func, typename... Args>
+    void operator()(const Func & f, Args... args) const {
+        f(n - 1, args...);
+        ggml_sycl_unroll<n - 1>{}(f, args...);
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct ggml_sycl_unroll<1> {
+    template <typename Func, typename... Args>
+    void operator()(const Func & f, Args... args) const {
+        f(0, args...);
+    }
+};
+
+static __dpct_inline__ sycl::half2 ggml_sycl_hmax2(const sycl::half2 a, const sycl::half2 b) {
+    sycl::half2 ret;
+    reinterpret_cast<sycl::half &>(ret.x()) =
+        sycl::vec<float, 1>(sycl::fmax(a[0], b[0])).convert<sycl::half, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0];
+    reinterpret_cast<sycl::half &>(ret.y()) =
+        sycl::vec<float, 1>(sycl::fmax(a[1], b[1])).convert<sycl::half, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0];
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ sycl::half ggml_sycl_hmax(const sycl::half a, const sycl::half b) {
+    return sycl::vec<float, 1>(
+               sycl::fmax(sycl::vec<sycl::half, 1>(a).convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0],
+                          sycl::vec<sycl::half, 1>(b).convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0]))
+        .convert<sycl::half, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0];
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ uint32_t __hgt2_mask(const sycl::half2 a, const sycl::half2 b) {
+    const uint32_t mask_low  = 0x0000FFFF * (float(a[0]) > float(b[0]));
+    const uint32_t mask_high = 0xFFFF0000 * (float(a[1]) > float(b[1]));
+    return mask_low | mask_high;
+}
+
+static __dpct_inline__ uint32_t fastmodulo(uint32_t n, const sycl::uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    // expects  fastdiv_values to contain <mp, L, divisor> in <x, y, z> (see init_fastdiv_values)
+    return n - fastdiv(n, fastdiv_values) * fastdiv_values.z();
+}
+
+static bool fast_fp16_available(const int cc) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(cc);
+    return true;   //Intel GPUs always support FP16.
+}
+
+enum class block_reduce_method {
+    MAX,
+    SUM,
+};
+
+template<block_reduce_method method_t, typename T, int warp_size>
+struct block_reduce_policy;
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+inline constexpr bool is_any = (std::is_same_v<T, Ts> || ...);
+
+template<typename...>
+inline constexpr bool ggml_sycl_dependent_false_v = false;
+
+#define WARP_32_SIZE 32
+
+template <typename T, int warp_size> struct block_reduce_policy<block_reduce_method::SUM, T, warp_size> {
+    static T reduce(T val) {
+        if constexpr (is_any<T, float, sycl::float2, sycl::half2, int>) {
+            return warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(val);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_sycl_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce sum");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static T sentinel() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::float2>) {
+            return sycl::float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half2>) {
+            return sycl::half2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, int>) {
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_sycl_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce sum");
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T, int warp_size> struct block_reduce_policy<block_reduce_method::MAX, T, warp_size> {
+    static T reduce(T val) {
+        if constexpr (is_any<T, float, sycl::half2>) {
+            return warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(val);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_sycl_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce max");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static T sentinel() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+            return -INFINITY;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half2>) {
+            return sycl::half2(-INFINITY, -INFINITY);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(ggml_sycl_dependent_false_v<T>, "Unsupported type for block reduce max");
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+
+template <block_reduce_method reduce_method_t, int warp_size, typename T>
+static T block_reduce(T val, T * shared_vals, int block_size_template) {
+    auto item_ct1                 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    val                           = block_reduce_policy<reduce_method_t, T,warp_size>::reduce(val);
+    const int block_size = block_size_template == 0 ? item_ct1.get_local_range(2) : block_size_template;
+    const int nthreads = item_ct1.get_local_range(2);
+    const int nwarps = nthreads / WARP_SIZE;
+
+    if (block_size > warp_size) {
+        assert((block_size <= 1024) && (block_size % warp_size) == 0);
+        const int warp_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / warp_size;
+        const int lane_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % warp_size;
+        if (lane_id == 0) {
+            shared_vals[warp_id] = val;
+        }
+        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+        size_t nreduce = nwarps / WARP_SIZE;
+        float tmp = 0.f;
+        if (lane_id < (static_cast<int>(block_size) / warp_size)) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < nreduce; i += 1)
+            {
+                tmp += shared_vals[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE];
+            }
+        }
+        return block_reduce_policy<reduce_method_t, T, warp_size>::reduce(tmp);
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_COMMON_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/concat.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/concat.cpp
index 3501484a146..d16215bc91c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/concat.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/concat.cpp
@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@
 //
 
 #include "concat.hpp"
-#include "common.hpp"
 
-static void concat_f32_dim0(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
+static inline size_t elem_size(ggml_type t) {
+    return ggml_type_size(t) / ggml_blck_size(t);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void concat_T_dim0(const T *x, const T *y, T *dst,
                             const int ne0, const int ne00,
                             const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
   int nidx = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) +
@@ -36,7 +40,8 @@ static void concat_f32_dim0(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
   }
 }
 
-static void concat_f32_dim1(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
+template <typename T>
+static void concat_T_dim1(const T *x, const T *y, T *dst,
                             const int ne0, const int ne01,
                             const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
   int nidx = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) +
@@ -59,7 +64,8 @@ static void concat_f32_dim1(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
   }
 }
 
-static void concat_f32_dim2(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
+template <typename T>
+static void concat_T_dim2(const T *x, const T *y, T *dst,
                             const int ne0, const int ne02,
                             const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
   int nidx = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) +
@@ -82,36 +88,35 @@ static void concat_f32_dim2(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
   }
 }
 
-static void concat_f32_sycl(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
+template <typename T>
+static void concat_T_sycl(const T *x, const T *y, T *dst,
                             int ne00, int ne01, int ne02, int ne0, int ne1,
                             int ne2, int dim, queue_ptr stream) {
   int num_blocks = (ne0 + SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE;
   sycl::range<3> gridDim(ne2, ne1, num_blocks);
   switch (dim) {
   case 0:
-      sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                        sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE),
+      stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE),
                                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { concat_f32_dim0(x, y, dst, ne0, ne00, item_ct1); });
+                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { concat_T_dim0<T>(x, y, dst, ne0, ne00, item_ct1); });
       break;
   case 1:
-      sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                        sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE),
+      stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE),
                                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { concat_f32_dim1(x, y, dst, ne0, ne01, item_ct1); });
+                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { concat_T_dim1<T>(x, y, dst, ne0, ne01, item_ct1); });
       break;
   // dim >=2 will be dispatched to the default path
   default:
-      sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                        sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE),
+      stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE),
                                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CONCAT_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { concat_f32_dim2(x, y, dst, ne0, ne02, item_ct1); });
+                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { concat_T_dim2<T>(x, y, dst, ne0, ne02, item_ct1); });
       break;
   }
 }
 
 // non-contiguous kernel (slow)
-static void concat_f32_sycl_non_cont(
+template<typename T>
+static void concat_T_sycl_non_cont(
     queue_ptr stream, const char *src0, const char *src1, char *dst,
     int64_t ne00, int64_t ne01, int64_t ne02, int64_t ne03, uint64_t nb00,
     uint64_t nb01, uint64_t nb02, uint64_t nb03, int64_t /*ne10*/,
@@ -120,7 +125,7 @@ static void concat_f32_sycl_non_cont(
     int64_t ne2, int64_t ne3, uint64_t nb0, uint64_t nb1, uint64_t nb2,
     uint64_t nb3, int32_t dim) {
   sycl::range<3> gridDim(ne3, ne2, ne1);
-  sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim, sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+  stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim, sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
       int64_t i3 = item_ct1.get_group(0);
       int64_t i2 = item_ct1.get_group(1);
       int64_t i1 = item_ct1.get_group(2);
@@ -128,24 +133,25 @@ static void concat_f32_sycl_non_cont(
       int64_t o[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
       o[dim]       = dim == 0 ? ne00 : (dim == 1 ? ne01 : (dim == 2 ? ne02 : ne03));
 
-      const float * x;
+      const T * x;
 
       for (int i0 = item_ct1.get_local_id(2); i0 < ne0; i0 += item_ct1.get_local_range(2)) {
           if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
-              x = (const float *) (src0 + (i3) *nb03 + (i2) *nb02 + (i1) *nb01 + (i0) *nb00);
+              x = (const T *) (src0 + (i3) *nb03 + (i2) *nb02 + (i1) *nb01 + (i0) *nb00);
           } else {
-              x = (const float *) (src1 + (i3 - o[3]) * nb13 + (i2 - o[2]) * nb12 + (i1 - o[1]) * nb11 +
+              x = (const T *) (src1 + (i3 - o[3]) * nb13 + (i2 - o[2]) * nb12 + (i1 - o[1]) * nb11 +
                                    (i0 - o[0]) * nb10);
           }
 
-          float *y = (float *)(dst + i3 * nb3 + i2 * nb2 + i1 * nb1 + i0 * nb0);
+          T *y = (T *)(dst + i3 * nb3 + i2 * nb2 + i1 * nb1 + i0 * nb0);
 
           *y = *x;
       }
   });
 }
 
-void ggml_sycl_op_concat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+template <typename T>
+void concat_impl_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
     const ggml_tensor *  src0   = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor *  src1   = dst->src[1];
@@ -154,15 +160,14 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_concat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
     const int32_t dim = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
 
     if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
-        const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
-        const float * src1_d = (const float *) src1->data;
-
-        float * dst_d = (float *) dst->data;
-
+        const T * src0_d = (const T *) src0->data;
+        const T * src1_d = (const T *) src1->data;
+        T * dst_d = (T *) dst->data;
+        size_t type_size = elem_size(dst->type);
         if (dim != 3) {
             for (int i3 = 0; i3 < dst->ne[3]; i3++) {
-                concat_f32_sycl(src0_d + i3 * (src0->nb[3] / 4), src1_d + i3 * (src1->nb[3] / 4),
-                                dst_d + i3 * (dst->nb[3] / 4), src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], dst->ne[0],
+                concat_T_sycl<T>(src0_d + i3 * (src0->nb[3] / type_size), src1_d + i3 * (src1->nb[3] / type_size),
+                                dst_d + i3 * (dst->nb[3] / type_size), src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], dst->ne[0],
                                 dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dim, stream);
             }
         } else {
@@ -170,13 +175,28 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_concat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
             const size_t size1 = ggml_nbytes(src1);
 
             SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(stream->memcpy(dst_d, src0_d, size0).wait()));
-            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(stream->memcpy(dst_d + size0 / 4, src1_d, size1).wait()));
+            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(stream->memcpy(dst_d + size0 / type_size, src1_d, size1).wait()));
         }
     } else {
-        concat_f32_sycl_non_cont(stream, (const char *) src0->data, (const char *) src1->data, (char *) dst->data,
+        concat_T_sycl_non_cont<T>(stream, (const char *) src0->data, (const char *) src1->data, (char *) dst->data,
                                  src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], src0->nb[0], src0->nb[1],
                                  src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3], src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3],
                                  src1->nb[0], src1->nb[1], src1->nb[2], src1->nb[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2],
                                  dst->ne[3], dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3], dim);
     }
 }
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_concat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        concat_impl_sycl<float>(ctx, dst);
+        break;
+    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+        concat_impl_sycl<int32_t>(ctx, dst);
+        break;
+    default:
+    GGML_ASSERT(false && "ggml_sycl_op_concat: unsupported type");
+    break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/conv.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/conv.cpp
index c2f991e8d64..475bd34a25d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/conv.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/conv.cpp
@@ -59,10 +59,16 @@ static void conv_transpose_1d_f32_f32_sycl(
     const int num_blocks = (output_size + SYCL_CONV_TRANPOSE_1D_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_CONV_TRANPOSE_1D_BLOCK_SIZE;
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, SYCL_CONV_TRANPOSE_1D_BLOCK_SIZE);
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, num_blocks);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-        conv_transpose_1d_kernel(s0, output_size, src0_ne0, src0_ne1, src0_ne2, src1_ne0, dst_ne0, src0, src1, dst,
-                                 item_ct1);
-    });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(
+            block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            conv_transpose_1d_kernel(
+                s0, output_size,
+                src0_ne0, src0_ne1, src0_ne2,
+                src1_ne0, dst_ne0,
+                src0, src1, dst, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 void ggml_sycl_op_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.cpp
index 0ef567122dd..d17aca2cac4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 #include "dequantize.hpp"
 #include "presets.hpp"
 
+#if defined(__INTEL_LLVM_COMPILER)
+    #if __has_include(<sycl/ext/oneapi/bfloat16.hpp>)
+        #include <sycl/ext/oneapi/bfloat16.hpp>
+        #define GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+    #endif
+#endif
+
 template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
 static void dequantize_block(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t k,
                              const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
@@ -33,11 +40,14 @@ static void dequantize_block_sycl(const void *__restrict__ vx,
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream,
-            sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                              sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block<qk, qr, dequantize_kernel>(vx, y, k, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(
+                sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) *
+                    sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                dequantize_block<qk, qr, dequantize_kernel>(vx, y, k, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -50,18 +60,24 @@ static void dequantize_row_q2_K_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q2_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q2_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 #else
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q2_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q2_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 
 #endif
@@ -76,18 +92,24 @@ static void dequantize_row_q3_K_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q3_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q3_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 #else
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q3_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q3_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 #endif
 }
@@ -101,9 +123,12 @@ static void dequantize_row_q4_0_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q4_0(vx, y, nb32, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q4_0(vx, y, nb32, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 }
 
@@ -117,12 +142,13 @@ static void dequantize_row_q4_0_sycl_reorder(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int
     int constexpr WARP_K = WARP_SIZE * QK4_0;
     const int n_warp = (k + WARP_K - 1) / WARP_K;
     GGML_ASSERT(k % 2 == 0);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, n_warp) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, WARP_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, WARP_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                          dequantize_block_q4_0_reorder(vx, y, k, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, n_warp) *
+        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, WARP_SIZE),
+        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, WARP_SIZE)),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]]{
+            dequantize_block_q4_0_reorder(vx, y, k, item_ct1);
+        });
+
 }
 
 template <typename dst_t>
@@ -134,9 +160,12 @@ static void dequantize_row_q4_1_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q4_1(vx, y, nb32, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q4_1(vx, y, nb32, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 }
 
@@ -149,13 +178,14 @@ static void dequantize_row_q4_K_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> scale_local_acc(sycl::range<1>(12), cgh);
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                    dequantize_block_q4_K(vx, y, get_pointer(scale_local_acc), item_ct1);
-                });
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q4_K(vx, y, get_pointer(scale_local_acc), item_ct1);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -168,13 +198,13 @@ static void dequantize_row_q4_K_sycl_reorder(const void * vx, dst_t * y, const i
 
     dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
 
-    sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
         sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> scale_local_acc(sycl::range<1>(12), cgh);
 
-        sycl_parallel_for<1>(cgh, sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(global_size), sycl::range<1>(local_size)),
-                             [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
-                                 dequantize_block_q4_K_reorder(vx, y, get_pointer(scale_local_acc), item_ct1, nb);
-                             });
+        cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(global_size), sycl::range<1>(local_size)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                             dequantize_block_q4_K_reorder(vx, y, get_pointer(scale_local_acc), item_ct1, nb);
+                         });
     });
 }
 
@@ -187,18 +217,24 @@ static void dequantize_row_q5_K_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q5_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q5_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 #else
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q5_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q5_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 
 #endif
@@ -213,18 +249,24 @@ static void dequantize_row_q6_K_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q6_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q6_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 #else
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q6_K(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_q6_K(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
     }
 
 #endif
@@ -236,9 +278,9 @@ static void dequantize_row_q6_K_sycl_reorder(const void * vx, dst_t * y, const i
 
     dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
 
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q6_K_reorder(vx, y, item_ct1, nb); });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 64)),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_q6_K_reorder(vx, y, item_ct1, nb); });
 }
 
 template <typename dst_t>
@@ -249,10 +291,15 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq1_s_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_iq1_s(vx, y, item_ct1, iq1s_grid_gpu); });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_iq1_s(
+                                     vx, y, item_ct1, iq1s_grid_gpu
+                                     );
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -265,10 +312,15 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq1_m_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_iq1_m(vx, y, item_ct1, iq1s_grid_gpu); });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_iq1_m(
+                                     vx, y, item_ct1, iq1s_grid_gpu
+                                     );
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -281,12 +333,15 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq2_xxs_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                    dequantize_block_iq2_xxs(vx, y, item_ct1, iq2xxs_grid, ksigns_iq2xs, kmask_iq2xs);
-                });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_iq2_xxs(
+                                     vx, y, item_ct1, iq2xxs_grid,
+                                     ksigns_iq2xs, kmask_iq2xs);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -299,12 +354,15 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq2_xs_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                    dequantize_block_iq2_xs(vx, y, item_ct1, iq2xs_grid, ksigns_iq2xs, kmask_iq2xs);
-                });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_iq2_xs(
+                                     vx, y, item_ct1, iq2xs_grid,
+                                     ksigns_iq2xs, kmask_iq2xs);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -317,10 +375,13 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq2_s_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_iq2_s(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_iq2_s(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -334,12 +395,15 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq3_xxs_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                    dequantize_block_iq3_xxs(vx, y, item_ct1, iq3xxs_grid, ksigns_iq2xs, kmask_iq2xs);
-                });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_iq3_xxs(
+                                     vx, y, item_ct1, iq3xxs_grid,
+                                     ksigns_iq2xs, kmask_iq2xs);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -352,10 +416,14 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq3_s_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_iq3_s(vx, y, item_ct1, kmask_iq2xs, iq3s_grid); });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                                   sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 dequantize_block_iq3_s(
+                                     vx, y, item_ct1, kmask_iq2xs, iq3s_grid);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -371,11 +439,14 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq4_xs_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh,
-                    sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_iq4_xs(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+                  cgh.parallel_for(
+                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                            sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                            dequantize_block_iq4_xs(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                      });
             });
       }
 #endif
@@ -389,15 +460,85 @@ static void dequantize_row_iq4_nl_sycl(const void *vx, dst_t *y, const int64_t k
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh,
-                    sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
-                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { dequantize_block_iq4_nl(vx, y, item_ct1); });
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+                  cgh.parallel_for(
+                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) *
+                                            sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32),
+                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                            dequantize_block_iq4_nl(vx, y, item_ct1);
+                      });
             });
       }
 }
 
+template <typename dst_t>
+static void dequantize_row_mxfp4_sycl(const void * vx, dst_t * y, const int64_t k, dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    const int nb = (k + QK_K - 1) / QK_K;
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nb) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 32)),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            dequantize_block_mxfp4(vx, y, item_ct1);
+        });
+}
+
+template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
+static void dequantize_block_nc(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+        const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03) {
+    auto          item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int64_t i00 = 2 * (int64_t(item_ct1.get_local_range(2)) * item_ct1.get_group(2) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2));
+
+    if (i00 >= ne00) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i01 = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    const int64_t i02 = item_ct1.get_group(0) % ne02;
+    const int64_t i03 = item_ct1.get_group(0) / ne02;
+
+    const int64_t ibx0 = i03*s03 + i02*s02 + i01*s01;
+
+    const int64_t ib = ibx0 + i00/qk; // block index
+    const int64_t iqs = (i00%qk)/qr; // quant index
+    const int64_t iybs = i00 - i00%qk; // y block start index
+    const int64_t y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
+
+    // dequantize
+    #ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+        sycl::half2 v;
+    #else
+        sycl::float2 v;
+    #endif
+
+    dequantize_kernel(vx, ib, iqs, v);
+
+    const int64_t iy0 = ((i03*ne02 + i02)*ne01 + i01)*ne00 + iybs + iqs;
+    y[iy0 + 0]        = ggml_sycl_cast<dst_t>(v.x());
+    y[iy0 + y_offset] = ggml_sycl_cast<dst_t>(v.y());
+}
+
+
+template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
+static void dequantize_block_nc_sycl(const void *    vx,
+                                  dst_t *         y,
+                                  const int64_t   ne00,
+                                  const int64_t   ne01,
+                                  const int64_t   ne02,
+                                  const int64_t   ne03,
+                                  const int64_t   s01,
+                                  const int64_t   s02,
+                                  const int64_t   s03,
+                                  dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    const dpct::dim3 num_blocks((ne00 + 2 * SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE), ne01,
+                                ne02 * ne03);
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(num_blocks * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                             dequantize_block_nc<qk, qr, dequantize_kernel>(vx, y, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03);
+                         });
+}
 template <typename src_t, typename dst_t>
 static void convert_unary_nc(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01,
                           const int64_t ne02, const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03,
@@ -444,6 +585,7 @@ static void convert_unary_sycl(const void * vx, dst_t * y, const int64_t k, dpct
     convert_unary_nc_sycl<src_t>(vx, y, k, 1, 1, 1, k, k, k, queue);
 }
 
+
 to_fp16_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp16_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     switch (type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
@@ -497,8 +639,14 @@ to_fp16_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp16_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor * dst) {
             return dequantize_row_iq4_xs_sycl;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             return dequantize_row_iq4_nl_sycl;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            return dequantize_row_mxfp4_sycl;
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             return convert_unary_sycl<float>;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            return convert_unary_sycl<sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>;
+#endif
         default:
             return nullptr;
     }
@@ -558,17 +706,38 @@ to_fp32_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp32_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor *dst) {
             return dequantize_row_iq4_xs_sycl;
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             return dequantize_row_iq4_nl_sycl;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            return dequantize_row_mxfp4_sycl;
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             return convert_unary_sycl<sycl::half>;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            return convert_unary_sycl<sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>;
+#endif
         default:
             return nullptr;
     }
 }
 
-to_fp16_nc_sycl_t get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(ggml_type type) {
+
+to_fp16_nc_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(ggml_type type) {
     switch (type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             return convert_unary_nc_sycl<float>;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            return convert_unary_nc_sycl<sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>;
+#endif
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            return dequantize_block_nc_sycl<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            return dequantize_block_nc_sycl<QK4_1, QR4_1, dequantize_q4_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            return dequantize_block_nc_sycl<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            return dequantize_block_nc_sycl<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return dequantize_block_nc_sycl<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>;
         default:
             return nullptr;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.hpp
index f8cb573e368..6e621f2154d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.hpp
@@ -29,6 +29,27 @@ using to_t_nc_sycl_t = void (*)(const void * x, T * y, int64_t ne00, int64_t ne0
                                    int64_t s01, int64_t s02, int64_t s03, dpct::queue_ptr queue);
 
 typedef to_t_nc_sycl_t<sycl::half> to_fp16_nc_sycl_t;
-to_fp16_nc_sycl_t get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(ggml_type type);
+to_fp16_nc_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(ggml_type type);
+
+template<typename dst_t, typename src_t>
+ inline dst_t ggml_sycl_cast(src_t x) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dst_t, src_t>) {
+        return x;
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dst_t, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>) {
+        return sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16(float(x));
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<src_t, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>) {
+        return static_cast<float>(x);
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<src_t, sycl::float2> && std::is_same_v<dst_t, sycl::half2>) {
+        return x.template convert<sycl::half, sycl::rounding_mode::rte>();
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<src_t, sycl::float2> &&
+                         std::is_same_v<dst_t, sycl::vec<sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16, 2>>) {
+        return {x.x, x.y};
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<dst_t, int32_t>) {
+        return int32_t(x);
+    } else {
+        return float(x);
+    }
+}
+
 
 #endif  // GGML_SYCL_CONVERT_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/count-equal.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/count-equal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4580354cd9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/count-equal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include "count-equal.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+template <typename T>
+static void count_equal(const T *__restrict__ x, const T *__restrict__ y,
+                        int64_t *__restrict__ dst, const int64_t dk,
+                        const int64_t k) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int64_t i0 = (int64_t)item_ct1.get_group(2) * dk;
+    const int64_t i1 = sycl::min(i0 + dk, k);
+
+    int nequal = 0;
+
+    for (int64_t i = i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2); i < i1; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+        const T xi = x[i];
+        const T yi = y[i];
+        nequal += xi == yi;
+    }
+
+    nequal = warp_reduce_sum<WARP_SIZE>(nequal);
+
+    if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dpct::atomic_fetch_add<sycl::access::address_space::generic_space>(
+        (int *)dst, nequal);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_count_equal(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I64);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+
+    int64_t * dst_d  = (int64_t *) dst->data;
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+    const int id       = get_current_device_id();
+    const int nsm = ggml_sycl_info().devices[id].nsm;
+
+    const int64_t ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne < (1 << 30) && "atomicAdd implementation only supports int");
+    const int64_t dne =
+        GGML_PAD((ne + 4 * nsm - 1) / (4 * nsm), SYCL_COUNT_EQUAL_CHUNK_SIZE);
+
+    SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(stream->memset(dst_d, 0, ggml_nbytes(dst))));
+
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_nums(
+        std::min((int64_t)4 * nsm, (ne + SYCL_COUNT_EQUAL_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) /
+                                       SYCL_COUNT_EQUAL_CHUNK_SIZE),
+        1, 1);
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+    case GGML_TYPE_I32: {
+        const int *src0_d = (const int *)src0->data;
+        const int *src1_d = (const int *)src1->data;
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                count_equal(src0_d, src1_d, dst_d, dne, ne);
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+            });
+
+    } break;
+    default:
+        GGML_ASSERT(false);
+        break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/count-equal.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/count-equal.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7f4fcbd0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/count-equal.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_COUNT_EQUAL_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_COUNT_EQUAL_HPP
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#define SYCL_COUNT_EQUAL_CHUNK_SIZE 128
+
+void ggml_sycl_count_equal(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif //GGML_SYCL_COUNT_EQUAL_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.cpp
index 1ffd7f12267..96709554cf6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.cpp
@@ -1,31 +1,12 @@
 #include "cpy.hpp"
 
 #include <float.h>
-#include <string>
 
 #include "dequantize.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/common.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/presets.hpp"
 #include "ggml.h"
 
-static __dpct_inline__ int best_index_int8(int n, const int8_t * val, float x) {
-    if (x <= val[0]) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (x >= val[n - 1]) {
-        return n - 1;
-    }
-    int ml = 0, mu = n - 1;
-    while (mu - ml > 1) {
-        int mav = (ml + mu) / 2;
-        if (x < val[mav]) {
-            mu = mav;
-        } else {
-            ml = mav;
-        }
-    }
-    return x - val[mu - 1] < val[mu] - x ? mu - 1 : mu;
-}
 
 static void cpy_1_f32_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
     const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
@@ -97,28 +78,6 @@ static void cpy_f32_f16(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne
     cpy_1(cx + x_offset, cdst + dst_offset);
 }
 
-static void cpy_blck_f32_q8_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q8_0 *  dsti = (block_q8_0 *) cdsti;
-
-    float amax = 0.0f;  // absolute max
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        amax          = sycl::fmax(amax, sycl::fabs((float) v));
-    }
-
-    const float d  = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->d = d;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = xi[j] * id;
-
-        dsti->qs[j] = sycl::round((float) x0);
-    }
-}
 
 /* quantized type same copy */
 template<typename T>
@@ -140,178 +99,7 @@ static void cpy_blck_q8_0_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
     }
 }
 
-static void cpy_blck_f32_q4_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q4_0 *  dsti = (block_q4_0 *) cdsti;
-
-    float amax = 0.0f;
-    float vmax = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        if (amax < sycl::fabs((float) v)) {
-            amax = sycl::fabs((float) v);
-            vmax = v;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const float d  = vmax / -8;
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->d = d;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0 / 2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = xi[0 + j] * id;
-        const float x1 = xi[QK4_0 / 2 + j] * id;
-
-        const uint8_t xi0 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x0 + 8.5f));
-        const uint8_t xi1 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x1 + 8.5f));
-
-        dsti->qs[j] = xi0;
-        dsti->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
-    }
-}
-
-static void cpy_blck_f32_q4_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q4_1 *  dsti = (block_q4_1 *) cdsti;
-
-    float vmin = FLT_MAX;
-    float vmax = -FLT_MAX;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-
-        if (v < vmin) {
-            vmin = v;
-        }
-        if (v > vmax) {
-            vmax = v;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const float d  = (vmax - vmin) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
 
-    dsti->dm.x() = d;
-    dsti->dm.y() = vmin;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1 / 2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = (xi[0 + j] - vmin) * id;
-        const float x1 = (xi[QK4_1 / 2 + j] - vmin) * id;
-
-        const uint8_t xi0 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x0 + 0.5f));
-        const uint8_t xi1 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x1 + 0.5f));
-
-        dsti->qs[j] = xi0;
-        dsti->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
-    }
-}
-
-static void cpy_blck_f32_q5_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q5_0 *  dsti = (block_q5_0 *) cdsti;
-
-    float amax = 0.0f;
-    float vmax = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        if (amax < sycl::fabs((float) v)) {
-            amax = sycl::fabs((float) v);
-            vmax = v;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const float d  = vmax / -16;
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->d = d;
-
-    uint32_t qh = 0;
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0 / 2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = xi[0 + j] * id;
-        const float x1 = xi[QK5_0 / 2 + j] * id;
-
-        const uint8_t xi0 = dpct::min(31, (int8_t) (x0 + 16.5f));
-        const uint8_t xi1 = dpct::min(31, (int8_t) (x1 + 16.5f));
-
-        dsti->qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
-        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
-        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0 / 2);
-    }
-    memcpy(dsti->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
-}
-
-static void cpy_blck_f32_q5_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_q5_1 *  dsti = (block_q5_1 *) cdsti;
-
-    float min = xi[0];
-    float max = xi[0];
-
-    for (int j = 1; j < QK5_1; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        min           = v < min ? v : min;
-        max           = v > max ? v : max;
-    }
-
-    const float d  = (max - min) / 31;
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-    dsti->dm.x() = d;
-    dsti->dm.y() = min;
-
-    uint32_t qh = 0;
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_1 / 2; ++j) {
-        const float x0 = (xi[0 + j] - min) * id;
-        const float x1 = (xi[QK5_1 / 2 + j] - min) * id;
-
-        const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t) (x0 + 0.5f);
-        const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t) (x1 + 0.5f);
-
-        dsti->qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
-        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
-        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_1 / 2);
-    }
-    memcpy(dsti->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
-}
-
-static void cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
-    const float *  xi   = (const float *) cxi;
-    block_iq4_nl * dsti = (block_iq4_nl *) cdsti;
-
-    float amax = 0.0f;
-    float vmax = 0.0f;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL; ++j) {
-        const float v = xi[j];
-        if (amax < sycl::fabs((float) v)) {
-            amax = sycl::fabs((float) v);
-            vmax = v;
-        }
-    }
-
-    float       d  = vmax / kvalues_iq4nl[0];
-    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-
-    float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
-    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL / 2; ++j) {
-        const float   x0  = xi[0 + j] * id;
-        const float   x1  = xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j] * id;
-        const uint8_t xi0 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x0);
-        const uint8_t xi1 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x1);
-        dsti->qs[j]       = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
-        const float v0    = kvalues_iq4nl[xi0];
-        const float v1    = kvalues_iq4nl[xi1];
-        const float w0    = xi[0 + j] * xi[0 + j];
-        const float w1    = xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j] * xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j];
-        sumqx += w0 * v0 * xi[j] + w1 * v1 * xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j];
-        sumq2 += w0 * v0 * v0 + w1 * v1 * v1;
-    }
-
-    dsti->d = sumq2 > 0 ? sumqx / sumq2 : d;
-}
 
 template <dequantize_kernel_t dequant, int qk> static void cpy_blck_q_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
     float * cdstf = (float *) (cdsti);
@@ -413,8 +201,7 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f16_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, co
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream,
+        stream->parallel_for(
             sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
@@ -432,8 +219,7 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, co
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream,
+        stream->parallel_for(
             sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
@@ -451,8 +237,7 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_f16_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, co
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream,
+        stream->parallel_for(
             sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
@@ -468,11 +253,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_q8_0_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK8_0 == 0);
     const int num_blocks = ne / QK8_0;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q8_0, QK8_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                                              ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q8_0, QK8_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                                                                 ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+                         });
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q8_0_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne00, const int ne01,
@@ -480,11 +265,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q8_0_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ne;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q8_0_f32, QK8_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                                              ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q8_0_f32, QK8_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                                                                 ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+                         });
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_q4_0_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne00, const int ne01,
@@ -493,11 +278,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_q4_0_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK4_0 == 0);
     const int num_blocks = ne / QK4_0;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_0, QK4_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                                              ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_0, QK4_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                                                                 ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+                         });
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q4_0_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne00, const int ne01,
@@ -505,9 +290,8 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q4_0_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ne;
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
             cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q4_0, QK4_0>, QK4_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02,
                                                                      nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
                                                                      item_ct1);
@@ -520,11 +304,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_q4_1_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK4_1 == 0);
     const int num_blocks = ne / QK4_1;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_1, QK4_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                                              ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q4_1, QK4_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                                                                 ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+                         });
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q4_1_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne00, const int ne01,
@@ -532,9 +316,8 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q4_1_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ne;
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
             cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q4_1, QK4_1>, QK4_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02,
                                                                      nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
                                                                      item_ct1);
@@ -547,11 +330,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_q5_0_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK5_0 == 0);
     const int num_blocks = ne / QK5_0;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_0, QK5_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                                              ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_0, QK5_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                                                                 ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+                         });
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q5_0_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne00, const int ne01,
@@ -559,9 +342,8 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q5_0_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ne;
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
             cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q5_0, QK5_0>, QK5_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02,
                                                                      nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
                                                                      item_ct1);
@@ -574,11 +356,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_q5_1_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK5_1 == 0);
     const int num_blocks = ne / QK5_1;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_1, QK5_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                                              ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_q5_1, QK5_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                                                                 ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+                         });
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_q5_1_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne00, const int ne01,
@@ -586,9 +368,8 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q5_1_f32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, c
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ne;
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
             cpy_q_f32<cpy_blck_q_f32<dequantize_q5_1, QK5_1>, QK5_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02,
                                                                      nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13,
                                                                      item_ct1);
@@ -601,11 +382,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f32_iq4_nl_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
                                      const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ne % QK4_NL == 0);
     const int num_blocks = ne / QK4_NL;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl, QK4_NL>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03,
-                                                                 ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 1)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cpy_f32_q<cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl, QK4_NL>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11,
+                                                   ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f16_f16_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const int ne00, const int ne01,
@@ -616,8 +397,7 @@ static void ggml_cpy_f16_f16_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, co
     {
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream,
+        stream->parallel_for(
             sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
@@ -636,8 +416,7 @@ static void ggml_cpy_i16_i16_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, co
         // dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
         //                              {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream,
+        stream->parallel_for(
             sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
@@ -656,8 +435,7 @@ static void ggml_cpy_i32_i32_sycl(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, co
         // dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
         //                              {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream,
+        stream->parallel_for(
             sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
@@ -672,13 +450,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q8_0_q8_0(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ceil_div(ne, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_q_q<block_q8_0, QK8_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11,
-                                                     ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                              sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cpy_q_q<block_q8_0, QK8_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 
@@ -687,13 +463,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q5_0_q5_0(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ceil_div(ne, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_q_q<block_q5_0, QK5_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11,
-                                                     ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                              sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cpy_q_q<block_q5_0, QK5_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 
@@ -703,13 +477,11 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q5_1_q5_1(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ceil_div(ne, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE);
 
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_q_q<block_q5_1, QK5_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11,
-                                                     ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                              sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cpy_q_q<block_q5_1, QK5_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 
@@ -718,13 +490,10 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q4_0_q4_0(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const
                                    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = ceil_div(ne, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          cpy_q_q<block_q4_0, QK4_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11,
-                                                     ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cpy_q_q<block_q4_0, QK4_0>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 
@@ -734,13 +503,10 @@ static void ggml_cpy_q4_1_q4_1(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne, const
                                    const int nb12, const int nb13, queue_ptr stream) {
 
    const int num_blocks = ceil_div(ne, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE);
-   sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                     sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                       sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                     [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                         cpy_q_q<block_q4_1, QK4_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11,
-                                                    ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
-                     });
+   stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cpy_q_q<block_q4_1, QK4_1>(cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 void ggml_sycl_cpy(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1) try {
@@ -749,9 +515,6 @@ void ggml_sycl_cpy(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, co
     const int64_t ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
     GGML_ASSERT(ne == ggml_nelements(src1));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nbytes(src0) <= INT_MAX);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nbytes(src1) <= INT_MAX);
-
     GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS01;
 
     SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.hpp
index 0a0f561d230..3c331f1ef27 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cpy.hpp
@@ -2,10 +2,222 @@
 #define GGML_SYCL_CPY_HPP
 
 #include "common.hpp"
+#include <float.h>
 
 typedef void (*cpy_kernel_t)(const char * cx, char * cdst);
 
+__dpct_inline__ int best_index_int8(int n, const int8_t * val, float x) {
+    if (x <= val[0]) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (x >= val[n - 1]) {
+        return n - 1;
+    }
+    int ml = 0, mu = n - 1;
+    while (mu - ml > 1) {
+        int mav = (ml + mu) / 2;
+        if (x < val[mav]) {
+            mu = mav;
+        } else {
+            ml = mav;
+        }
+    }
+    return x - val[mu - 1] < val[mu] - x ? mu - 1 : mu;
+}
+
+inline void cpy_blck_f32_q8_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
+    block_q8_0 *  dsti = (block_q8_0 *) cdsti;
+
+    float amax = 0.0f;  // absolute max
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
+        const float v = xi[j];
+        amax          = sycl::fmax(amax, sycl::fabs((float) v));
+    }
+
+    const float d  = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+    dsti->d = d;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = xi[j] * id;
+
+        dsti->qs[j] = sycl::round((float) x0);
+    }
+}
+
+inline void cpy_blck_f32_q4_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
+    block_q4_0 *  dsti = (block_q4_0 *) cdsti;
+
+    float amax = 0.0f;
+    float vmax = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0; ++j) {
+        const float v = xi[j];
+        if (amax < sycl::fabs((float) v)) {
+            amax = sycl::fabs((float) v);
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float d  = vmax / -8;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+    dsti->d = d;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0 / 2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = xi[0 + j] * id;
+        const float x1 = xi[QK4_0 / 2 + j] * id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x0 + 8.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x1 + 8.5f));
+
+        dsti->qs[j] = xi0;
+        dsti->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
+    }
+}
+
+inline void cpy_blck_f32_q4_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
+    block_q4_1 *  dsti = (block_q4_1 *) cdsti;
+
+    float vmin = FLT_MAX;
+    float vmax = -FLT_MAX;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1; ++j) {
+        const float v = xi[j];
+
+        vmin = sycl::min(v, vmin);
+        vmax = sycl::max(v, vmax);
+    }
+
+    const float d  = (vmax - vmin) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+    dsti->dm.x() = d;
+    dsti->dm.y() = vmin;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1 / 2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = (xi[0 + j] - vmin) * id;
+        const float x1 = (xi[QK4_1 / 2 + j] - vmin) * id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x0 + 0.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = dpct::min(15, (int8_t) (x1 + 0.5f));
+
+        dsti->qs[j] = xi0;
+        dsti->qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
+    }
+}
+
+inline void cpy_blck_f32_q5_0(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
+    block_q5_0 *  dsti = (block_q5_0 *) cdsti;
+
+    float amax = 0.0f;
+    float vmax = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0; ++j) {
+        const float v = xi[j];
+        if (amax < sycl::fabs((float) v)) {
+            amax = sycl::fabs((float) v);
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float d  = vmax / -16;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+    dsti->d = d;
+
+    uint32_t qh = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0 / 2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = xi[0 + j] * id;
+        const float x1 = xi[QK5_0 / 2 + j] * id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = dpct::min(31, (int8_t) (x0 + 16.5f));
+        const uint8_t xi1 = dpct::min(31, (int8_t) (x1 + 16.5f));
+
+        dsti->qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
+        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
+        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0 / 2);
+    }
+    memcpy(dsti->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
+}
+
+inline void cpy_blck_f32_q5_1(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    const float * xi   = (const float *) cxi;
+    block_q5_1 *  dsti = (block_q5_1 *) cdsti;
+
+    float min = xi[0];
+    float max = xi[0];
+
+    for (int j = 1; j < QK5_1; ++j) {
+        const float v = xi[j];
+        min           = v < min ? v : min;
+        max           = v > max ? v : max;
+    }
+
+    const float d  = (max - min) / 31;
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+    dsti->dm.x() = d;
+    dsti->dm.y() = min;
+
+    uint32_t qh = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK5_1 / 2; ++j) {
+        const float x0 = (xi[0 + j] - min) * id;
+        const float x1 = (xi[QK5_1 / 2 + j] - min) * id;
+
+        const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t) (x0 + 0.5f);
+        const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t) (x1 + 0.5f);
+
+        dsti->qs[j] = (xi0 & 0xf) | ((xi1 & 0xf) << 4);
+        qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
+        qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_1 / 2);
+    }
+    memcpy(dsti->qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
+}
+
+inline void cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
+    const float *  xi   = (const float *) cxi;
+    block_iq4_nl * dsti = (block_iq4_nl *) cdsti;
+
+    float amax = 0.0f;
+    float vmax = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL; ++j) {
+        const float v = xi[j];
+        if (amax < sycl::fabs((float) v)) {
+            amax = sycl::fabs((float) v);
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    float       d  = vmax / kvalues_iq4nl[0];
+    const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+
+    float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL / 2; ++j) {
+        const float   x0  = xi[0 + j] * id;
+        const float   x1  = xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j] * id;
+        const uint8_t xi0 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x0);
+        const uint8_t xi1 = best_index_int8(16, kvalues_iq4nl, x1);
+        dsti->qs[j]       = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
+        const float v0    = kvalues_iq4nl[xi0];
+        const float v1    = kvalues_iq4nl[xi1];
+        const float w0    = xi[0 + j] * xi[0 + j];
+        const float w1    = xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j] * xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j];
+        sumqx += w0 * v0 * xi[j] + w1 * v1 * xi[QK4_NL / 2 + j];
+        sumq2 += w0 * v0 * v0 + w1 * v1 * v1;
+    }
+
+    dsti->d = sumq2 > 0 ? sumqx / sumq2 : d;
+}
+
 void ggml_sycl_cpy(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1);
 void ggml_sycl_dup(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
-#endif // GGML_SYCL_CPY_HPP
+#endif  // GGML_SYCL_CPY_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dequantize.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dequantize.hpp
index 540539bb223..da2a605daa8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dequantize.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dequantize.hpp
@@ -819,5 +819,23 @@ dequantize_block_iq4_xs(const void *__restrict__ vx, dst_t *__restrict__ yy,
     }
 }
 
+template<typename dst_t>
+static void dequantize_block_mxfp4(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ yy,
+                                   const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
+    // auto                item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int64_t       i        = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+    const block_mxfp4 * x = (const block_mxfp4 *) vx + i*(QK_K/QK_MXFP4);
+
+    const int64_t    tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    const int64_t il = tid/8; // 0...3
+    const int64_t ib = tid%8; // 0...7
+    dst_t * y = yy + i*QK_K + 32*ib + 4*il;
+    const uint8_t  * q4 = x[ib].qs + 4*il;
+    const float d = ggml_sycl_e8m0_to_fp32(x[ib].e);
+    for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
+        y[j+ 0] = d * kvalues_mxfp4[q4[j] & 0xf]*0.5f;
+        y[j+16] = d * kvalues_mxfp4[q4[j] >>  4]*0.5f;
+    }
+}
 
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_DEQUANTIZE_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dmmv.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dmmv.cpp
index 70579c0c3be..4f2760110c2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dmmv.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dmmv.cpp
@@ -208,10 +208,12 @@ static void convert_mul_mat_vec_f16_sycl(const void *vx, const dfloat *y,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              dequantize_mul_mat_vec<1, 1, convert_f16>(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                dequantize_mul_mat_vec<1, 1, convert_f16>(vx, y, dst, ncols,
+                                                          nrows, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -875,11 +877,12 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_sycl_reorder(const void *vx, const dfloa
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              dequantize_mul_mat_vec_reorder<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0_reorder>(vx, y, dst, ncols,
-                                                                                                    nrows, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                dequantize_mul_mat_vec_reorder<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0_reorder>(
+                    vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -897,10 +900,12 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_sycl(const void *vx, const dfloat *y,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0>(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK4_0, QR4_0, dequantize_q4_0>(
+                    vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -916,10 +921,12 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_1_sycl(const void *vx, const dfloat *y,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK4_1, QR4_1, dequantize_q4_1>(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK4_1, QR4_1, dequantize_q4_1>(
+                    vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -935,10 +942,12 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q5_0_sycl(const void *vx, const dfloat *y,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK5_0, QR5_0, dequantize_q5_0>(
+                    vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -954,10 +963,12 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q5_1_sycl(const void *vx, const dfloat *y,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK5_1, QR5_1, dequantize_q5_1>(
+                    vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -973,10 +984,12 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q8_0_sycl(const void *vx, const dfloat *y,
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                dequantize_mul_mat_vec<QK8_0, QR8_0, dequantize_q8_0>(
+                    vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -989,10 +1002,11 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q2_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + ny - 1) / ny;
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, ny, QK_WARP_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                          dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q2_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
+            dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q2_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q3_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
@@ -1004,10 +1018,11 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q3_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + ny - 1) / ny;
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, ny, QK_WARP_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                          dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q3_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
+            dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q3_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
@@ -1019,10 +1034,11 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + ny - 1) / ny;
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, ny, QK_WARP_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                          dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
+            dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q5_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
@@ -1031,10 +1047,11 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q5_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
                                              dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ncols % QK_K == 0);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, QK_WARP_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nrows) * block_dims, block_dims),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                          dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q5_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nrows) * block_dims, block_dims),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
+            dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q5_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q6_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
@@ -1046,10 +1063,11 @@ static void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q6_K_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + ny - 1) / ny;
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, ny, QK_WARP_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                          dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q6_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                      });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(QK_WARP_SIZE)]] {
+            dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q6_k(vx, y, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
 void ggml_sycl_op_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp
index 27c72786078..791d3cac52e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp
@@ -13,20 +13,11 @@
 #ifndef GGML_SYCL_DPCT_HELPER_HPP
 #define GGML_SYCL_DPCT_HELPER_HPP
 
-#include <map>
 #include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
 #include <sycl/half_type.hpp>
-#include <syclcompat/math.hpp>
-
-#ifdef GGML_SYCL_USE_INTEL_ONEMKL
 #include <oneapi/mkl.hpp>
-// Allow to use the same namespace for Intel oneMKL and oneMath
-namespace oneapi {
-    namespace math = mkl;
-}
-#else
-#include <oneapi/math.hpp>
-#endif
+
+#include <map>
 
 #include "ggml.h"
 
@@ -92,62 +83,13 @@ inline std::string get_device_backend_and_type(const sycl::device &device) {
 }
 
 template <typename Ts> struct matrix_info_t {
-    oneapi::math::transpose transpose_info[2];
+    oneapi::mkl::transpose transpose_info[2];
     Ts                     value_info[2];
     std::int64_t           size_info[3];
     std::int64_t           ld_info[3];
     std::int64_t           groupsize_info;
 };
 
-inline auto get_onemath_backend(sycl::queue& queue)
-#if defined(GGML_SYCL_GENERIC) || defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_INTEL_ONEMKL)
-  -> sycl::queue&
-#endif
-{
-// If the backend is known at compile-time, use oneMath backend_selector to use
-// compile-time dispatching and avoid the need to dlopen libraries. Otherwise
-// fallback to runtime dispatching.
-#if defined(GGML_SYCL_NVIDIA)
-    return oneapi::math::backend_selector<oneapi::math::backend::cublas>{ queue };
-#elif defined(GGML_SYCL_AMD)
-    return oneapi::math::backend_selector<oneapi::math::backend::rocblas>{ queue };
-#elif defined(GGML_SYCL_GENERIC) || defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_INTEL_ONEMKL)
-    return queue;
-#else
-    static_assert(false, "Unsupported backend");
-#endif
-}
-
-#ifdef SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ENQUEUE_FUNCTIONS
-    namespace syclex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
-#endif
-
-template <int NR, typename Func>
-__dpct_inline__ void sycl_parallel_for(sycl::handler & cgh, sycl::nd_range<NR> nd_range, Func && func) {
-#ifdef SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ENQUEUE_FUNCTIONS
-    syclex::nd_launch(cgh, nd_range, func);
-#else
-    cgh.parallel_for(nd_range, func);
-#endif
-}
-
-template <int NR, typename Func>
-__dpct_inline__ void sycl_parallel_for(sycl::queue * q, sycl::nd_range<NR> nd_range, Func && func) {
-#ifdef SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ENQUEUE_FUNCTIONS
-    syclex::nd_launch(*q, nd_range, func);
-#else
-    q->parallel_for(nd_range, func);
-#endif
-}
-
-template <typename Func> __dpct_inline__ void sycl_launch(sycl::queue * stream, Func && func) {
-#ifdef SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ENQUEUE_FUNCTIONS
-    syclex::submit(*stream, func);
-#else
-    stream->submit(func);
-#endif
-}
-
 namespace dpct
 {
     typedef sycl::queue *queue_ptr;
@@ -307,6 +249,26 @@ namespace dpct
 
     } // namespace detail
 
+    // COPY from DPCT head files
+    /// dim3 is used to store 3 component dimensions.
+    class dim3 {
+        public:
+        unsigned x, y, z;
+
+        constexpr dim3(unsigned x = 1, unsigned y = 1, unsigned z = 1)
+            : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}
+
+        dim3(const sycl::id<3> &r) : dim3(r[2], r[1], r[0]) {}
+
+        operator sycl::range<3>() const { return sycl::range<3>(z, y, x); }
+    }; // namespace dim3
+
+    inline dim3 operator*(const dim3 &a, const dim3 &b) {
+    return dim3{a.x * b.x, a.y * b.y, a.z * b.z};
+    }
+    // COPY from DPCT head files
+
+
     /// Pitched 2D/3D memory data.
     class pitched_data
     {
@@ -1745,7 +1707,7 @@ namespace dpct
     namespace detail
     {
     template <class Ta, class Tb, class Tc, class Ts>
-    inline void gemm_impl(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::math::transpose a_trans, oneapi::math::transpose b_trans, int m,
+    inline void gemm_impl(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans, int m,
                           int n, int k, const void * alpha, const void * a, int lda, const void * b, int ldb,
                           const void * beta, void * c, int ldc) {
         Ts   alpha_value = dpct::get_value(reinterpret_cast<const Ts *>(alpha), q);
@@ -1753,7 +1715,7 @@ namespace dpct
         auto data_a      = get_memory<const Ta>(a);
         auto data_b      = get_memory<const Tb>(b);
         auto data_c      = get_memory<Tc>(c);
-        oneapi::math::blas::column_major::gemm(get_onemath_backend(q), a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha_value, data_a,
+        oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm(q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha_value, data_a,
                                                lda, data_b, ldb, beta_value, data_c, ldc);
     }
 
@@ -1785,7 +1747,7 @@ namespace dpct
         };
 
         template <class Ta, class Tb, class Tc, class Ts>
-        inline void gemm_batch_impl(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::math::transpose a_trans, oneapi::math::transpose b_trans,
+        inline void gemm_batch_impl(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans,
                                     int m, int n, int k, const void * alpha, const void ** a, int lda, const void ** b,
                                     int ldb, const void * beta, void ** c, int ldc, int batch_size,
                                     matrix_info_t<float> * matrix_info) {
@@ -1804,8 +1766,8 @@ namespace dpct
             matrix_info->ld_info[2] = ldc;
             matrix_info->groupsize_info = batch_size;
 
-            sycl::event e = oneapi::math::blas::column_major::gemm_batch(
-                get_onemath_backend(q), matrix_info->transpose_info, matrix_info->transpose_info + 1,
+            sycl::event e = oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm_batch(
+                q, matrix_info->transpose_info, matrix_info->transpose_info + 1,
                 matrix_info->size_info, matrix_info->size_info + 1, matrix_info->size_info + 2,
                 reinterpret_cast<Ts *>(matrix_info->value_info), reinterpret_cast<const Ta **>(a), matrix_info->ld_info,
                 reinterpret_cast<const Tb **>(b), matrix_info->ld_info + 1,
@@ -1814,7 +1776,7 @@ namespace dpct
         }
 
         template <class Ta, class Tb, class Tc, class Ts>
-        inline void gemm_batch_impl(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::math::transpose a_trans, oneapi::math::transpose b_trans,
+        inline void gemm_batch_impl(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans,
                                     int m, int n, int k, const void * alpha, const void * a, int lda,
                                     long long int stride_a, const void * b, int ldb, long long int stride_b,
                                     const void * beta, void * c, int ldc, long long int stride_c, int batch_size) {
@@ -1823,7 +1785,7 @@ namespace dpct
             auto data_a = get_memory<const Ta>(a);
             auto data_b = get_memory<const Tb>(b);
             auto data_c = get_memory<Tc>(c);
-            oneapi::math::blas::column_major::gemm_batch(get_onemath_backend(q), a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha_value,
+            oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm_batch(q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha_value,
                                                          data_a, lda, stride_a, data_b, ldb, stride_b, beta_value,
                                                          data_c, ldc, stride_c, batch_size);
         }
@@ -1870,10 +1832,31 @@ namespace dpct
                                            : id);
     }
 
+    template <typename T1, typename T2>
+    using dot_product_acc_t = std::conditional_t<
+        std::is_unsigned_v<T1> && std::is_unsigned_v<T2>,
+        uint32_t,
+        int32_t>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    sycl::vec<T, 4> extract_and_sign_or_zero_extend4(T val) {
+      return sycl::vec<T, 1>(val)
+          .template as<sycl::vec<
+              std::conditional_t<std::is_signed_v<T>, int8_t, uint8_t>,
+              4>>()
+          .template convert<T>();
+    }
+
     template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-    inline auto dp4a(T1 a, T2 b, T3 c)
-    {
-        return syclcompat::dp4a(a, b, c);
+    inline auto dp4a(T1 a, T2 b, T3 c) {
+      dot_product_acc_t<T1, T2> res = c;
+      auto va = extract_and_sign_or_zero_extend4(a);
+      auto vb = extract_and_sign_or_zero_extend4(b);
+      res += va[0] * vb[0];
+      res += va[1] * vb[1];
+      res += va[2] * vb[2];
+      res += va[3] * vb[3];
+      return res;
     }
 
     struct sub_sat
@@ -2289,7 +2272,7 @@ namespace dpct
                            sycl::range<3>(x, y, 1), direction);
     }
 
-    inline void gemm(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::math::transpose a_trans, oneapi::math::transpose b_trans, int m, int n,
+    inline void gemm(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans, int m, int n,
                      int k, const void * alpha, const void * a, library_data_t a_type, int lda, const void * b,
                      library_data_t b_type, int ldb, const void * beta, void * c, library_data_t c_type, int ldc,
                      library_data_t scaling_type) {
@@ -2356,7 +2339,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_impl<oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, float, float>(
+            detail::gemm_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float, float>(
                 q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc);
             break;
         }
@@ -2395,7 +2378,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_impl<oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, float>(
+            detail::gemm_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float>(
                 q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc);
             break;
         }
@@ -2437,7 +2420,7 @@ namespace dpct
     /// \param [in] ldc Leading dimension of C.
     /// \param [in] batch_size Specifies the number of matrix multiply operations to perform.
     /// \param [in] scaling_type Data type of the scaling factors.
-    inline void gemm_batch(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::math::transpose a_trans, oneapi::math::transpose b_trans, int m,
+    inline void gemm_batch(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans, int m,
                            int n, int k, const void * alpha, const void * a[], library_data_t a_type, int lda,
                            const void * b[], library_data_t b_type, int ldb, const void * beta, void * c[],
                            library_data_t c_type, int ldc, int batch_size, library_data_t scaling_type,
@@ -2475,7 +2458,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, float>(
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float>(
                 q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
@@ -2483,7 +2466,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, float, float>(
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float, float>(
                 q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
@@ -2559,7 +2542,7 @@ namespace dpct
     /// \param [in] stride_c Stride between the different C matrices.
     /// \param [in] batch_size Specifies the number of matrix multiply operations to perform.
     /// \param [in] scaling_type Data type of the scaling factors.
-    inline void gemm_batch(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::math::transpose a_trans, oneapi::math::transpose b_trans, int m,
+    inline void gemm_batch(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans, int m,
                            int n, int k, const void * alpha, const void * a, library_data_t a_type, int lda,
                            long long int stride_a, const void * b, library_data_t b_type, int ldb,
                            long long int stride_b, const void * beta, void * c, library_data_t c_type, int ldc,
@@ -2632,7 +2615,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, float>(
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float>(
                 q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, stride_a, b, ldb, stride_b, beta, c, ldc, stride_c,
                 batch_size);
             break;
@@ -2641,7 +2624,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::math::bfloat16, oneapi::math::bfloat16, float, float>(
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float, float>(
                 q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, stride_a, b, ldb, stride_b, beta, c, ldc, stride_c,
                 batch_size);
             break;
@@ -2982,6 +2965,810 @@ namespace dpct
     atomic_fetch_add<T1, addressSpace>(addr, operand, memoryOrder);
     }
 
+    inline unsigned int byte_level_permute(
+        unsigned int a, unsigned int b, unsigned int s) {
+      unsigned int ret;
+      ret = ((((std::uint64_t)b << 32 | a) >> (s & 0x7) * 8) & 0xff) |
+            (((((std::uint64_t)b << 32 | a) >> ((s >> 4) & 0x7) * 8) & 0xff)
+             << 8) |
+            (((((std::uint64_t)b << 32 | a) >> ((s >> 8) & 0x7) * 8) & 0xff)
+             << 16) |
+            (((((std::uint64_t)b << 32 | a) >> ((s >> 12) & 0x7) * 8) & 0xff)
+             << 24);
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    inline uint32_t byte_level_permute_custom(
+        uint32_t low32, uint32_t high32, uint32_t sel, int mode = 0) {
+      constexpr uint16_t lookup[6][4] = {
+          {0x3210, 0x4321, 0x5432, 0x6543},  // Forward 4-byte extract
+          {0x5670, 0x6701, 0x7012, 0x0123},  // Backward 4-byte extract
+          {0x0000, 0x1111, 0x2222, 0x3333},  // Replicate 8-bit values
+          {0x3210, 0x3211, 0x3222, 0x3333},  // Edge clamp left
+          {0x0000, 0x1110, 0x2210, 0x3210},  // Edge clamp right
+          {0x1010, 0x3232, 0x1010, 0x3232}   // Replicate 16-bit values
+      };
+
+      if (mode >= 1 && mode <= 6) {
+        return byte_level_permute(low32, high32, lookup[mode - 1][sel & 0x3]);
+      } else if (!mode) {
+        return byte_level_permute(low32, high32, sel);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    template <int n_nondefault_params, int n_default_params, typename T>
+    class args_selector;
+
+    /// args_selector is a helper class for extracting arguments from an
+    /// array of pointers to arguments or buffer of arguments to pass to a
+    /// kernel function.
+    ///
+    /// \param R(Ts...) The type of the kernel
+    /// \param n_nondefault_params The number of nondefault parameters of the
+    /// kernel (excluding parameters that like sycl::nd_item, etc.) \param
+    /// n_default_params The number of default parameters of the kernel
+    ///
+    /// Example usage:
+    /// With the following kernel:
+    ///   void foo(sycl::float2 *x, int n, sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1, float
+    ///   f=.1) {}
+    /// and with the declaration:
+    ///   args_selector<2, 1, decltype(foo)> selector(kernelParams, extra);
+    /// we have:
+    ///   selector.get<0>() returns a reference to sycl::float*,
+    ///   selector.get<1>() returns a reference to int,
+    ///   selector.get<2>() returns a reference to float
+    template <int n_nondefault_params, int n_default_params, typename R,
+              typename... Ts>
+    class args_selector<n_nondefault_params, n_default_params, R(Ts...)> {
+      private:
+        void **kernel_params;
+        char *args_buffer;
+
+        template <int i> static constexpr int account_for_default_params() {
+            constexpr int n_total_params = sizeof...(Ts);
+            if constexpr (i >= n_nondefault_params) {
+                return n_total_params - n_default_params +
+                       (i - n_nondefault_params);
+            } else {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+
+      public:
+        /// Get the type of the ith argument of R(Ts...)
+        /// \param [in] i Index of parameter to get
+        /// \returns Type of ith parameter
+        template <int i>
+        using arg_type = std::tuple_element_t<account_for_default_params<i>(),
+                                              std::tuple<Ts...>>;
+        static constexpr int params_num = sizeof...(Ts);
+
+      private:
+        template <int i> static constexpr int get_offset() {
+            if constexpr (i == 0) {
+                // we can assume args_buffer is properly aligned to the
+                // first argument
+                return 0;
+            } else {
+                constexpr int prev_off = get_offset<i - 1>();
+                constexpr int prev_past_end =
+                    prev_off + sizeof(arg_type<i - 1>);
+                using T = arg_type<i>;
+                // is the past-the-end of the i-1st element properly aligned
+                // with the ith element's alignment?
+                if constexpr (prev_past_end % alignof(T) == 0) {
+                    return prev_past_end;
+                }
+                // otherwise bump prev_past_end to match alignment
+                else {
+                    return prev_past_end +
+                           (alignof(T) - (prev_past_end % alignof(T)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static char *get_args_buffer(void **extra) {
+            if (!extra)
+                return nullptr;
+            for (; (std::size_t)*extra != 0; ++extra) {
+                if ((std::size_t)*extra == 1) {
+                    return static_cast<char *>(*(extra + 1));
+                }
+            }
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+      public:
+        /// If kernel_params is nonnull, then args_selector will
+        /// extract arguments from kernel_params. Otherwise, it
+        /// will extract them from extra.
+        /// \param [in] kernel_params Array of pointers to arguments
+        /// a or null pointer.
+        /// \param [in] extra Array containing pointer to argument buffer.
+        args_selector(void **kernel_params, void **extra)
+            : kernel_params(kernel_params),
+              args_buffer(get_args_buffer(extra)) {}
+
+        /// Get a reference to the ith argument extracted from kernel_params
+        /// or extra.
+        /// \param [in] i Index of argument to get
+        /// \returns Reference to the ith argument
+        template <int i> arg_type<i> &get() {
+            if (kernel_params) {
+                return *static_cast<arg_type<i> *>(kernel_params[i]);
+            } else {
+                return *reinterpret_cast<arg_type<i> *>(args_buffer +
+                                                        get_offset<i>());
+            }
+        }
+    }; // COPY from DPCT head file
+       // /opt/intel/oneapi/dpcpp-ct/latest/include/dpct/util.hpp
+
+    /// Utility class for launching SYCL kernels through kernel
+    /// function wrapper.
+    /// For example:
+    /// A SYCL kernel function:
+    ///   void kernel_func(int *ptr, sycl::nd_item<3> item);
+    /// Kernel function wrapper:
+    ///   void kernel_func_wrapper(int *ptr) {
+    ///     sycl::queue queue = *dpct::kernel_launcher::_que;
+    ///     unsigned int localMemSize = dpct::kernel_launcher::_local_mem_size;
+    ///     sycl::nd_range<3> nr = dpct::kernel_launcher::_nr;
+    ///     queue.parallel_for(
+    ///       nr,
+    ///       [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    ///         kernel_func(ptr, item_ct1);
+    ///       });
+    ///   }
+    /// Then launch the kernel through wrapper like:
+    ///   typedef void(*fpt)(int *);
+    ///   fpt fp = kernel_func_wrapper;
+    ///   dpct::kernel_launcher::launch(fp, dpct::dim3(1), dpct::dim3(1), 0, 0,
+    ///   device_ptr);
+    /// If the origin function type is erased, then need to register it first:
+    ///   void *fp = (void *)wrapper_register(&kernel_func_wrapper).get();
+    ///   dpct::kernel_launcher::launch(fp, dpct::dim3(1), dpct::dim3(1), args,
+    ///   0, 0);
+    class kernel_launcher {
+        template <typename FuncT, typename ArgSelector, std::size_t... Index>
+        static void launch_helper(FuncT &&func, ArgSelector &selector,
+                                  std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
+            func(selector.template get<Index>()...);
+        }
+        static void set_execution_config(dim3 group_range, dim3 local_range,
+                                         unsigned int local_mem_size,
+                                         queue_ptr que) {
+            if (que) {
+                _que = que;
+            } else {
+                _que = &get_default_queue();
+            }
+            _nr = sycl::nd_range<3>(
+                static_cast<sycl::range<3>>(group_range * local_range),
+                static_cast<sycl::range<3>>(local_range));
+            _local_mem_size = local_mem_size;
+
+
+        };
+        static inline std::mutex kernel_function_ptr_map_mutex;
+
+      public:
+        /// Variables for storing execution configuration.
+        static inline thread_local sycl::queue *_que = nullptr;
+        static inline thread_local sycl::nd_range<3> _nr = sycl::nd_range<3>();
+        static inline thread_local unsigned int _local_mem_size = 0;
+        /// Map for retrieving launchable functor from a raw pointer.
+        static inline std::map<
+            const void *,
+            std::function<void(dim3, dim3, void **, unsigned int, queue_ptr)>>
+            kernel_function_ptr_map = {};
+
+        /// Registers a kernel function pointer with a corresponding launchable
+        /// functor.
+        /// \param [in] func Pointer to the kernel function.
+        /// \param [in] launcher Functor to handle kernel invocation.
+        static void register_kernel_ptr(
+            const void *func,
+            std::function<void(dim3, dim3, void **, unsigned int, queue_ptr)>
+                launcher) {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(kernel_function_ptr_map_mutex);
+            kernel_function_ptr_map[func] = std::move(launcher);
+        }
+        /// Launches a kernel function with arguments provided directly through
+        /// kernel function wrapper.
+        /// \tparam FuncT Type of the kernel function wrapper.
+        /// \tparam ArgsT Types of kernel arguments.
+        /// \param [in] func Pointer to the kernel function wrapper.
+        /// \param [in] group_range SYCL group range.
+        /// \param [in] local_range SYCL local range.
+        /// \param [in] local_mem_size The size of local memory required by the
+        /// kernel function. \param [in] que SYCL queue used to execute kernel.
+        /// \param [in] args Kernel arguments.
+        template <typename FuncT, typename... ArgsT>
+        static std::enable_if_t<std::is_invocable_v<FuncT *, ArgsT...>, void>
+        launch(FuncT *func, dim3 group_range, dim3 local_range,
+               unsigned int local_mem_size, queue_ptr que, ArgsT... args) {
+            set_execution_config(group_range, local_range, local_mem_size, que);
+            func(args...);
+        }
+        /// Launches a kernel function through registered kernel function
+        /// wrapper. \param [in] func Pointer to the registered kernel function
+        /// wrapper. \param [in] group_range SYCL group range. \param [in]
+        /// local_range SYCL local range. \param [in] args Array of pointers to
+        /// kernel arguments. \param [in] local_mem_size The size of local
+        /// memory required by the kernel function. \param [in] que SYCL queue
+        /// used to execute kernel.
+        static void launch(const void *func, dim3 group_range, dim3 local_range,
+                           void **args, unsigned int local_mem_size,
+                           queue_ptr que) {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(kernel_function_ptr_map_mutex);
+            auto Iter = kernel_function_ptr_map.find(func);
+            if (Iter == kernel_function_ptr_map.end()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("dpct::launch() : no registered "
+                                         "kernel function wrapper found.");
+            }
+            (Iter->second)(group_range, local_range, args, local_mem_size, que);
+        }
+        /// Launches a kernel function with packed arguments through kernel
+        /// function wrapper.
+        /// \tparam FuncT Type of the kernel function wrapper.
+        /// \param [in] func Pointer to the kernel function wrapper.
+        /// \param [in] group_range SYCL group range.
+        /// \param [in] local_range SYCL local range.
+        /// \param [in] args Array of pointers to kernel arguments.
+        /// \param [in] local_mem_size The size of local memory required by the
+        /// kernel function. \param [in] que SYCL queue used to execute kernel.
+        template <typename FuncT>
+        static std::enable_if_t<std::is_function_v<FuncT>, void>
+        launch(FuncT *func, dim3 group_range, dim3 local_range, void **args,
+               unsigned int local_mem_size, queue_ptr que) {
+            constexpr size_t p_num = args_selector<0, 0, FuncT>::params_num;
+            set_execution_config(group_range, local_range, local_mem_size, que);
+            args_selector<p_num, p_num, FuncT> selector(args, nullptr);
+            launch_helper(func, selector, std::make_index_sequence<p_num>{});
+        }
+    }; // COPY from DPCT head file
+       // /opt/intel/oneapi/dpcpp-ct/latest/include/dpct/kernel.hpp
+
+    // /opt/intel/oneapi/dpcpp-ct/latest/include/dpct/util.hpp
+    template <typename T>
+    T select_from_sub_group(
+        sycl::sub_group g,
+        T x,
+        int remote_local_id,
+        int logical_sub_group_size = 32) {
+      unsigned int start_index = g.get_local_linear_id() /
+                                 logical_sub_group_size *
+                                 logical_sub_group_size;
+      return sycl::select_from_group(
+          g, x, start_index + remote_local_id % logical_sub_group_size);
+    }
+
+    // /opt/intel/oneapi/dpcpp-ct/latest/include/dpct/math.hpp
+    template <typename T>
+    void ldmatrix(uintptr_t addr, T* m, bool trans = false, unsigned mat = 0) {
+      auto sg = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group();
+      int lane = sg.get_local_linear_id();
+
+      int lane_group8_row = lane / 8;
+      int lane_group8_col = lane % 8;
+
+      if (!trans) {
+        // calculate the source lane
+        int src_lane = 2 * lane_group8_row;
+        if (lane_group8_col >= 4)
+          src_lane += 1;
+
+        // Broadcast the address from the source lane
+        auto recv_addr_uintp =
+            dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, addr, mat * 8 + src_lane);
+
+        // Cast the received address from uintptr_t to the type of 'm'
+        auto recv_addr = reinterpret_cast<T*>(recv_addr_uintp);
+
+        // Non-transposed load
+        *m = recv_addr[lane_group8_col % 4];
+      } else {
+        // calculate the source lane
+        int src_lane = (lane % 4) * 2;
+
+        // Broadcast the address from the source lane
+        auto recv_addr_uintp_1 =
+            dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, addr, mat * 8 + src_lane);
+        auto recv_addr_uintp_2 =
+            dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, addr, mat * 8 + src_lane + 1);
+
+        // Cast the received address from uintptr_t to 'half *'
+        auto recv_addr_1 = reinterpret_cast<sycl::half*>(recv_addr_uintp_1);
+        auto recv_addr_2 = reinterpret_cast<sycl::half*>(recv_addr_uintp_2);
+
+        // Transposed load
+        int index = lane / 4;
+        sycl::half val0 = recv_addr_1[index];
+        sycl::half val1 = recv_addr_2[index];
+
+        // Combine the two 16-bits into one 32-bit value
+        sycl::half2 val = sycl::half2(val0, val1);
+        *m = *reinterpret_cast<T*>(&val);
+      }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void ldmatrix(uintptr_t addr, T* m1, T* m2, bool trans = false) {
+      // Load 1st matrix
+      ldmatrix(addr, m1, trans, 0);
+      // Load 2nd matrix
+      ldmatrix(addr, m2, trans, 1);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void ldmatrix(
+        uintptr_t addr, T* m1, T* m2, T* m3, T* m4, bool trans = false) {
+      // Load 1st matrix
+      ldmatrix(addr, m1, trans, 0);
+      // Load 2nd matrix
+      ldmatrix(addr, m2, trans, 1);
+      // Load 3rd matrix
+      ldmatrix(addr, m3, trans, 2);
+      // Load 4th matrix
+      ldmatrix(addr, m4, trans, 3);
+    }
+
+    // /opt/intel/oneapi/dpcpp-ct/latest/include/dpct/math.hpp
+
+    /// A helper struct that defines the pack type for the input matrix
+    /// fragments
+    /// of mma() function based on the type of input matrix fragments.
+    /// The MMAType struct is specialized for different types of input matrices.
+    /// Currently, the specialization for f16, bf16 and s8 types is defined
+    /// below. \tparam [in] T The type of the input matrix fragments
+    template <typename T>
+    struct MMAType {
+      using PackType = uint32_t;
+    };
+
+    /// Each work item of a sub-group (limited to size 32) calling this function
+    /// calculates a subset fragment for the output matrix D using MAD operation
+    /// on A, B & C matrix fragments (D = A * B + C). Current supported shapes &
+    /// types:
+    /// - m8n8k4 (f32.f16.f16.f32)
+    /// - m8n8k16 (s32.s8.s8.s32)
+    /// - m16n8k8 (f32.f16.f16.f32 & f32.bf16.bf16.f32)
+    /// - m16n8k16 (f32.f16.f16.f32 & s32.s8.s8.s32)
+    /// - m16n8k32 (s32.s8.s8.s32)
+    /// Here, m, n & k define the shapes of A, B & C matrices respectively
+    /// (A = [m x k], B = [k x n], C = [m x n]).
+    /// \tparam [in] M The rows of A, C & D matrices
+    /// \tparam [in] N The columns of B, C, D matrices
+    /// \tparam [in] K The columns & rows of A & B matrices respectively
+    /// \tparam [in] ABType The type of the input matrix (A & B) fragment
+    /// \tparam [in] CDType The type of the output matrix (C & D) fragment
+    /// \param [out] d_mat_frag The fragment of the output matrix D to store the
+    /// result of A * B + C
+    /// \param [in] a_mat_frag The fragment of the input matrix A to be
+    /// multiplied with B matrix fragment \param [in] b_mat_frag The fragment of
+    /// the input matrix B to be multiplied with A matrix fragment \param [in]
+    /// c_mat_frag The fragment of the input matrix C to be added with the
+    /// result of A * B fragments
+    template <int M, int N, int K, typename ABType, typename CDType>
+    void mma(
+        volatile void** d_mat_frag,
+        void* a_mat_frag,
+        void* b_mat_frag,
+        void* c_mat_frag) {
+      auto d = reinterpret_cast<volatile CDType**>(d_mat_frag);
+      auto a =
+          reinterpret_cast<typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType*>(a_mat_frag);
+      auto b =
+          reinterpret_cast<typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType*>(b_mat_frag);
+      auto c = reinterpret_cast<CDType*>(c_mat_frag);
+
+      auto sg = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group();
+      int lane = sg.get_local_linear_id();
+
+      static_assert(
+          (M == 8 && N == 8 && K == 4) || (M == 8 && N == 8 && K == 16) ||
+              (M == 16 && N == 8 && K == 8) || (M == 16 && N == 8 && K == 16) ||
+              (M == 16 && N == 8 && K == 32),
+          "Unsupported MMA shape!");
+
+      short row_load_offset = 4 * (lane >> 2);
+      short col_load_offset = 8 * (lane % 4);
+
+      if constexpr (M == 8 && N == 8 && K == 4) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<CDType>) {
+          col_load_offset = row_load_offset % 16;
+
+          // Init D matrix with fragments of C matrix
+          *d[0] = c[0];
+          *d[1] = c[1];
+          *d[2] = c[2];
+          *d[3] = c[3];
+          *d[4] = c[4];
+          *d[5] = c[5];
+          *d[6] = c[6];
+          *d[7] = c[7];
+
+          // Calculate the row and col offset indices to iterate through the row
+          // & col fragments of A & B matrices
+          int r_ind = (lane % 2) ? 1 : 0;
+          int c_ind = ((lane % 4) / 2) ? 2 : 0;
+
+          // Each sub-group is responsible for computing a fragment size of 8*8
+          // elements of matrix D for each of 4 MMA computations.
+          // Each work item computes 8 elements of matrix D by gathering
+          // their corresponding col & row matrix fragments of length k (4)
+          // from A & B matrices respectively using below mapping logic:
+          // row0 = (i % 4) if (lane < 16) else (i % 4) + 4
+          // col0 = (lane % 4)
+          // As each row & col fragment of A & B matrices is distributed across
+          // 4 work items, each iteration of below loop loads a partial fragment
+          // of matrix A (row) and matrix B (col) using the row & col offsets.
+          typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType recv_a[2], recv_b[2];
+
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix A ({a0, a1})
+            recv_a[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[0], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix A ({a2, a3})
+            recv_a[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[1], row_load_offset + i);
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix B ({b0, b1})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix B ({b2, b3})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[1], col_load_offset + i);
+
+            auto ra = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_a);
+            auto rb = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_b);
+
+            // Each work item calculates a partial product of A & B matrix
+            // fragments and adds it to the corresponding D matrix fragment (for
+            // even work item indices) d0 += col0{ a0 } * row0{ b0 } d1 += col0{
+            // a0 } * row0{ b1 } d2 += col1{ a2 } * row0{ b0 } d3 += col1{ a2 }
+            // * row0{ b1 } (for odd work item indices) d0 += col0{ a1 } * row0{
+            // b2 } d1 += col0{ a1 } * row0{ b3 } d2 += col1{ a3 } * row0{ b2 }
+            // d3 += col1{ a3 } * row0{ b3 }
+            *d[0] +=
+                static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind]) * static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind]);
+            *d[1] += static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind]) *
+                     static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind + 1]);
+            *d[2] += static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind + 2]) *
+                     static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind]);
+            *d[3] += static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind + 2]) *
+                     static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind + 1]);
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix B ({b0, b1})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i + 16);
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix B ({b2, b3})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[1], col_load_offset + i + 16);
+
+            // (for even work item indices)
+            // d0 += col0{ a0 } * row1{ b0 }
+            // d1 += col0{ a0 } * row1{ b1 }
+            // d2 += col1{ a2 } * row1{ b0 }
+            // d3 += col1{ a2 } * row1{ b1 }
+            // (for odd work item indices)
+            // d0 += col0{ a1 } * row1{ b2 }
+            // d1 += col0{ a1 } * row1{ b3 }
+            // d2 += col1{ a3 } * row1{ b2 }
+            // d3 += col1{ a3 } * row1{ b3 }
+            *d[4] +=
+                static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind]) * static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind]);
+            *d[5] += static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind]) *
+                     static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind + 1]);
+            *d[6] += static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind + 2]) *
+                     static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind]);
+            *d[7] += static_cast<float>(ra[r_ind + 2]) *
+                     static_cast<float>(rb[c_ind + 1]);
+          }
+        }
+      } else if constexpr (M == 8 && N == 8 && K == 16) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<ABType>) {
+          // Init D matrix with fragments of C matrix
+          *d[0] = c[0];
+          *d[1] = c[1];
+
+          // Each sub-group is responsible for computing a fragment size of 16*8
+          // elements of matrix D.
+          // Each work item computes 2 elements of matrix D by gathering
+          // their corresponding row & col matrix fragments of length k (16)
+          // from A & B matrices respectively using below mapping logic:
+          // row0 = ((lane % 4) * 4) + i
+          // col0 = (lane >> 2)
+          // As each row & col fragment of A & B matrices is distributed across
+          // 4 work items, each iteration of below loop loads a partial fragment
+          // of matrix A (row) and matrix B (col) using the row & col offsets.
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType recv_a, recv_b[2];
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix A ({a0, a1, a2, a3})
+            recv_a = dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[0], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix B ({b0, b1, b2, b3})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col1 of matrix B ({b0, b1, b2, b3})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i + 4);
+
+            auto a = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(&recv_a);
+            auto b = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_b);
+
+            // Each work item calculates a partial product of A & B matrix
+            // fragments and adds it to the corresponding D matrix fragment d0
+            // += row0{ a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d1 += row0{
+            // a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col1{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d2 += row0{ a0, a1, a2,
+            // a3 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d3 += row0{ a0, a1, a2, a3 } *
+            // col1{ b0, b1, b2, b3 }
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+              *d[0] += a[j] * b[j];
+              *d[1] += a[j] * b[j + 4];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else if constexpr (M == 16 && N == 8 && K == 8) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<CDType>) {
+          // Init D matrix fragment with C matrix fragment
+          *d[0] = c[0];
+          *d[1] = c[1];
+          *d[2] = c[2];
+          *d[3] = c[3];
+
+          // Each sub-group is responsible for computing a fragment size of 16*8
+          // elements of matrix D.
+          // Each work item computes 4 elements of matrix D by gathering
+          // their corresponding row & col matrix fragments of length k (8)
+          // from A & B matrices respectively using below mapping logic:
+          // row0 = (lane >> 2) & row1 = (lane >> 2) + 8
+          // col0 = (lane % 4) * 2 + (i & 0x1)
+          // As each row & col fragment of A & B matrices is distributed across
+          // 4 work items, each iteration of below loop loads a partial fragment
+          // of matrix A (row) and matrix B (col) using the row & col offsets.
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType recv_a[2], recv_b[2];
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix A ({a0, a1})
+            recv_a[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[0], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix A ({a2, a3})
+            recv_a[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[1], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix B ({b0, b1})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col1 of matrix B ({b0, b1})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i + 4);
+
+            auto ra = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_a);
+            auto rb = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_b);
+
+            // Each work item calculates a partial product of A & B matrix
+            // fragments and adds it to the corresponding D matrix fragment d0
+            // += row0{ a0, a1 } * col0{ b0, b1 } d1 += row0{ a0, a1 } * col1{
+            // b0, b1 } d2 += row1{ a2, a3 } * col0{ b0, b1 } d3 += row1{ a2, a3
+            // } * col1{ b0, b1 }
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+              *d[0] += static_cast<float>(ra[j]) * static_cast<float>(rb[j]);
+              *d[1] +=
+                  static_cast<float>(ra[j]) * static_cast<float>(rb[j + 2]);
+              *d[2] +=
+                  static_cast<float>(ra[j + 2]) * static_cast<float>(rb[j]);
+              *d[3] +=
+                  static_cast<float>(ra[j + 2]) * static_cast<float>(rb[j + 2]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else if constexpr (M == 16 && N == 8 && K == 16) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<CDType>) {
+          // Init D matrix fragment with C matrix fragment
+          *d[0] = c[0];
+          *d[1] = c[1];
+          *d[2] = c[2];
+          *d[3] = c[3];
+
+          // Each sub-group is responsible for computing a fragment size of 16*8
+          // elements of matrix D.
+          // Each work item computes 4 elements of matrix D by gathering
+          // their corresponding row & col matrix fragments of length k (8)
+          // from A & B matrices respectively using below mapping logic:
+          // row0 = (lane >> 2)    & row1 = (lane >> 2) + 8
+          // col0 = (lane % 4) * 2 & col1 = (lane % 4) * 2 + 1
+          // As each row & col fragment of A & B matrices is distributed across
+          // 4 work items, each iteration of below loop loads a partial fragment
+          // of matrix A (row) and matrix B (col) using the row & col offsets.
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType recv_a[4], recv_b[4];
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix A ({a0, a1})
+            recv_a[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[0], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix A ({a2, a3})
+            recv_a[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[2], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix A ({a0, a1})
+            recv_a[2] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[1], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix A ({a2, a3})
+            recv_a[3] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[3], row_load_offset + i);
+
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix B ({b0, b1})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix B ({b2, b3})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[1], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col1 of matrix B ({b0, b1})
+            recv_b[2] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + 4 + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col1 of matrix B ({b2, b3})
+            recv_b[3] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[1], col_load_offset + 4 + i);
+
+            auto ra = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_a);
+            auto rb = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_b);
+
+            // Each work item calculates a partial product of A & B matrix
+            // fragments and adds it to the corresponding D matrix fragment d0
+            // += row0{ a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d1 += row0{
+            // a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col1{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d2 += row1{ a0, a1, a2,
+            // a3 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d3 += row1{ a0, a1, a2, a3 } *
+            // col1{ b0, b1, b2, b3 }
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+              *d[0] += static_cast<CDType>(ra[j]) * static_cast<CDType>(rb[j]);
+              *d[1] +=
+                  static_cast<CDType>(ra[j]) * static_cast<CDType>(rb[j + 4]);
+              *d[2] +=
+                  static_cast<CDType>(ra[j + 4]) * static_cast<CDType>(rb[j]);
+              *d[3] += static_cast<CDType>(ra[j + 4]) *
+                       static_cast<CDType>(rb[j + 4]);
+            }
+          }
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<ABType>) {
+          // Init D matrix with fragments of C matrix
+          *d[0] = c[0];
+          *d[1] = c[1];
+          *d[2] = c[2];
+          *d[3] = c[3];
+
+          // Each sub-group is responsible for computing a fragment size of 16*8
+          // elements of matrix D.
+          // Each work item computes 4 elements of matrix D by gathering
+          // their corresponding row & col matrix fragments of length k (8)
+          // from A & B matrices respectively using below mapping logic:
+          // row0 = (lane >> 2)    & row1 = (lane >> 2) + 8
+          // col0 = (lane % 4) * 2 & col1 = (lane % 4) * 2 + 1
+          // As each row & col fragment of A & B matrices is distributed across
+          // 4 work items, each iteration of below loop loads a partial fragment
+          // of matrix A (row) and matrix B (col) using the row & col offsets.
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType recv_a[2], recv_b[2];
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix A ({a0, a1, a2, a3})
+            recv_a[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[0], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix A ({a4, a5, a6, a7})
+            recv_a[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[1], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix B ({b0, b1, b2, b3})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col1 of matrix B ({b4, b5, b6, b7})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i + 4);
+
+            auto ra = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_a);
+            auto rb = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_b);
+
+            // Each work item calculates a partial product of A & B matrix
+            // fragments and adds it to the corresponding D matrix fragment d0
+            // += row0{ a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d1 += row0{
+            // a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col1{ b4, b5, b6, b7 } d2 += row1{ a4, a5, a6,
+            // a7 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d3 += row1{ a4, a5, a6, a7 } *
+            // col1{ b4, b5, b6, b7 }
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+              *d[0] += ra[i] * rb[i];
+              *d[1] += ra[i] * rb[i + 4];
+              *d[2] += ra[i + 4] * rb[i];
+              *d[3] += ra[i + 4] * rb[i + 4];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else if constexpr (M == 16 && N == 8 && K == 32) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<ABType>) {
+          // Init D matrix with fragments of C matrix
+          *d[0] = c[0];
+          *d[1] = c[1];
+          *d[2] = c[2];
+          *d[3] = c[3];
+
+          // Each sub-group is responsible for computing a fragment size of 16*8
+          // elements of matrix D.
+          // Each work item computes 4 elements of matrix D by gathering
+          // their corresponding row & col matrix fragments of length k (32)
+          // from A & B matrices respectively using below mapping logic:
+          // row0 = (lane >> 2)    & row1 = (lane >> 2) + 8
+          // col0 = ((lane % 4) * 4) + (i & 0x3) & col1 = ((lane % 4) * 4) + (i
+          // & 0x3) As each row & col fragment of A & B matrices is distributed
+          // across 4 work items, each iteration of below loop loads a partial
+          // fragment of matrix A (row) and matrix B (col) using the row & col
+          // offsets.
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType recv_a[2], recv_b[2];
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix A ({a0, a1, a2, a3})
+            recv_a[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[0], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix A ({a4, a5, a6, a7})
+            recv_a[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[1], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix B ({b0, b1, b2, b3})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col1 of matrix B ({b0, b1, b2, b3})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[0], col_load_offset + i + 4);
+
+            auto a = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_a);
+            auto b = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_b);
+
+            // Each work item calculates a partial product of A & B matrix
+            // fragments and adds it to the corresponding D matrix fragment d0
+            // += row0{ a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d1 += row0{
+            // a0, a1, a2, a3 } * col1{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d2 += row1{ a4, a5, a6,
+            // a7 } * col0{ b0, b1, b2, b3 } d3 += row1{ a4, a5, a6, a7 } *
+            // col1{ b0, b1, b2, b3 }
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+              *d[0] += a[j] * b[j];
+              *d[1] += a[j] * b[j + 4];
+              *d[2] += a[j + 4] * b[j];
+              *d[3] += a[j + 4] * b[j + 4];
+            }
+          }
+
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            typename MMAType<ABType>::PackType recv_a[2], recv_b[2];
+
+            // Load partial fragment from row0 of matrix A ({a8, a9, a10, a11})
+            recv_a[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[2], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from row1 of matrix A ({a12, a13, a14,
+            // a15})
+            recv_a[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, a[3], row_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col0 of matrix B ({b4, b5, b6, b7})
+            recv_b[0] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[1], col_load_offset + i);
+            // Load partial fragment from col1 of matrix B ({b4, b5, b6, b7})
+            recv_b[1] =
+                dpct::select_from_sub_group(sg, b[1], col_load_offset + i + 4);
+
+            auto a = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_a);
+            auto b = reinterpret_cast<ABType*>(recv_b);
+
+            // Each work item calculates a partial product of A & B matrix
+            // fragments and adds it to the corresponding D matrix fragment d0
+            // += row0{ a8, a9, a10, a11 } * col0{ b4, b5, b6, b7 } d1 += row0{
+            // a8, a9, a10, a11 } * col1{ b4, b5, b6, b7 } d2 += row1{ a12, a13,
+            // a14, a15 } * col0{ b4, b5, b6, b7 } d3 += row1{ a12, a13, a14,
+            // a15 } * col1{ b4, b5, b6, b7 }
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+              *d[0] += a[j] * b[j];
+              *d[1] += a[j] * b[j + 4];
+              *d[2] += a[j + 4] * b[j];
+              *d[3] += a[j + 4] * b[j + 4];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
 } // COPY from DPCT head files
 
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_DPCT_HELPER_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.cpp
index c56924ce832..acd51bf45b2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.cpp
@@ -1,555 +1,395 @@
 #include "common.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/presets.hpp"
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "element_wise.hpp"
 
-static void acc_f32(const float * x, const float * y, float * dst, const int ne,
-    const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12,
-    const int nb1, const int nb2, int offset, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+#define SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(K, ITEM) \
+    for (auto i = ITEM.get_global_id(0); i < (size_t)K; i += ITEM.get_global_range(0))
+
+#define SYCL_LOCAL_ID_CALC(ITEM, IDX) \
+    (ITEM.get_local_range(IDX) * ITEM.get_group(IDX) + ITEM.get_local_id(IDX))
+
+static void acc_f32(const float * x, const float * y, float * dst, const int64_t ne,
+        const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const int64_t ne13,
+        const int64_t s11, const int64_t s12, const int64_t s13, const int64_t offset) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int64_t i = SYCL_LOCAL_ID_CALC(item_ct1, 2);
+
     if (i >= ne) {
         return;
     }
-    int src1_idx = i - offset;
-    int oz = src1_idx / nb2;
-    int oy = (src1_idx - (oz * nb2)) / nb1;
-    int ox = src1_idx % nb1;
-    if (src1_idx >= 0 && ox < ne10 && oy < ne11 && oz < ne12) {
-        dst[i] = x[i] + y[ox + oy * ne10 + oz * ne10 * ne11];
-    } else {
-        dst[i] = x[i];
+
+    int64_t src1_idx = i - offset;
+
+    int64_t tmp = src1_idx;
+    const int64_t i13 = tmp / s13;
+    tmp -= i13 * s13;
+    const int64_t i12 = tmp / s12;
+    tmp -= i12 * s12;
+    const int64_t i11 = tmp / s11;
+    tmp -= i11 * s11;
+    const int64_t i10 = tmp;
+
+    float val = x[i];
+    if (src1_idx >= 0 && i10 < ne10 && i11 < ne11 && i12 < ne12 && i13 < ne13) {
+        val += y[((i13*ne12 + i12) * ne11 + i11) * ne10 + i10];
     }
+    dst[i] = val;
 }
 
+/* Unary OP funcs */
 template<typename T>
-static void sgn(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    for(auto i = item_ct1.get_global_id(2); i < (const size_t)k; i += item_ct1.get_global_range(2)) {
-        dst[i] = x[i] > static_cast<T>(0.f) ? static_cast<T>(1.f) : ((x[i] < static_cast<T>(0.f) ? static_cast<T>(-1.f) : static_cast<T>(0.f)));
-    }
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_sgn(T x) {
+    return x > static_cast<T>(0.f) ? static_cast<T>(1.f) : ((x < static_cast<T>(0.f) ? static_cast<T>(-1.f) : static_cast<T>(0.f)));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void abs_op(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    for(auto i = item_ct1.get_global_id(2); i < (const size_t)k; i += item_ct1.get_global_range(2)) {
-        dst[i] = sycl::fabs(x[i]);
-    }
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_abs(T x) {
+    return sycl::fabs(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void elu_op(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    for(auto i = item_ct1.get_global_id(2); i < (const size_t)k; i += item_ct1.get_global_range(2)) {
-        dst[i] = (x[i] > static_cast<T>(0.f)) ? x[i] : sycl::expm1(x[i]);
-    }
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_elu(T x) {
+    return (x > static_cast<T>(0.f)) ? x : sycl::expm1(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void gelu(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                     const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_gelu(T x) {
     const T GELU_COEF_A    = static_cast<T>(0.044715f);
     const T SQRT_2_OVER_PI = static_cast<T>(0.79788456080286535587989211986876f);
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    float xi = x[i];
-    dst[i] = static_cast<T>(0.5f) * xi *
-             (static_cast<T>(1.0f) +
-              sycl::tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI * xi * (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + GELU_COEF_A * xi * xi)));
+    return static_cast<T>(0.5f) * x *
+           (static_cast<T>(1.0f) +
+            sycl::tanh(SQRT_2_OVER_PI * x * (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + GELU_COEF_A * x * x)));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void silu(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                     const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] / (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::native::exp(-x[i]));
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_silu(T x) {
+    return x / (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::native::exp(-x));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void gelu_quick(const T *x, T *dst, int k,
-                           const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const float GELU_QUICK_COEF = -1.702f;
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] * (static_cast<T>(1.0f) / (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::native::exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF * x[i])));
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_gelu_quick(T x) {
+    const T GELU_QUICK_COEF_LOCAL = static_cast<T>(-1.702f);
+    return x * (static_cast<T>(1.0f) / (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::native::exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF_LOCAL * x)));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void gelu_erf(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_gelu_erf(T x) {
     const T SQRT_2_INV = static_cast<T>(0.70710678118654752440084436210484f);
-    for(auto i = item_ct1.get_global_id(2); i < (const size_t)k; i += item_ct1.get_global_range(2)) {
-       auto x_i = x[i];
-        dst[i] = static_cast<T>(0.5f) * x_i * (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::erf(x_i * SQRT_2_INV));
-    }
+    return static_cast<T>(0.5f) * x * (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::erf(x * SQRT_2_INV));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void tanh(const T *x, T *dst, int k,
-                     const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::tanh((x[i]));
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_tanh(T x) {
+    return sycl::tanh(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void relu(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                     const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::fmax((x[i]), static_cast<T>(0));
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_relu(T x) {
+    return sycl::fmax(x, static_cast<T>(0));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sigmoid(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                            const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = 1.0f / (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::native::exp(-x[i]));
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_sigmoid(T x) {
+    return static_cast<T>(1.0f) / (static_cast<T>(1.0f) + sycl::native::exp(-x));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sqrt(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                            const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::sqrt(x[i]);
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_sqrt(T x) {
+    return sycl::sqrt(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sin(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                            const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::sin(x[i]);
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_sin(T x) {
+    return sycl::sin(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void cos(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                            const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::cos(x[i]);
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_cos(T x) {
+    return sycl::cos(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void hardsigmoid(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                            const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::fmin(static_cast<T>(1.0f), sycl::fmax(static_cast<T>(0.0f), (x[i] + static_cast<T>(3.0f)) / static_cast<T>(6.0f)));
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_hardsigmoid(T x) {
+    return sycl::fmin(static_cast<T>(1.0f), sycl::fmax(static_cast<T>(0.0f), (x + static_cast<T>(3.0f)) / static_cast<T>(6.0f)));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void hardswish(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                          const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] * sycl::fmin(static_cast<T>(1.0f), sycl::fmax(static_cast<T>(0.0f), (x[i] + static_cast<T>(3.0f)) / static_cast<T>(6.0f)));
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_hardswish(T x) {
+    return x * sycl::fmin(static_cast<T>(1.0f), sycl::fmax(static_cast<T>(0.0f), (x + static_cast<T>(3.0f)) / static_cast<T>(6.0f)));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void exp(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                          const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::exp(x[i]);
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_exp(T x) {
+    return sycl::exp(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void log(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                          const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    T xi = x[i];
-    if (xi <= 0) {
-        dst[i] = neg_infinity<T>();
-    } else {
-        dst[i] = sycl::log(xi);
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_log(T x) {
+    if (x <= static_cast<T>(0)) {
+        return neg_infinity<T>();
     }
+    return sycl::log(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void neg(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                          const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = -x[i];
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_softplus(T x) {
+    const float xf = (float) x;
+    const float ax = sycl::fabs(xf);
+    const float m  = sycl::fmax(xf, 0.0f);
+    const float y  = m + sycl::log1p(sycl::exp(-ax));
+    return (T) y;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void step(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                          const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] > static_cast<T>(0.0f);
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_neg(T x) {
+    return -x;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void leaky_relu(const T *x, T *dst, const int k, const float negative_slope,
-                           const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = sycl::fmax((x[i]), static_cast<T>(0)) +
-             sycl::fmin((x[i]), static_cast<T>(0.0f)) * negative_slope;
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_step(T x) {
+    return (x > static_cast<T>(0.0f)) ? static_cast<T>(1.0f) : static_cast<T>(0.0f);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sqr(const T * x, T * dst, const int k,
-                    const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dst[i] = x[i] * x[i];
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_leaky_relu(T x, float negative_slope) {
+    T neg_slope_T = static_cast<T>(negative_slope);
+    return sycl::fmax(x, static_cast<T>(0)) +
+           sycl::fmin(x, static_cast<T>(0.0f)) * neg_slope_T;
 }
 
-template<typename  T>
-static void upscale(const T  *x, T *dst, const int nb00, const int nb01,
-                        const int nb02, const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11,
-                        const int ne12, const int ne13, const float sf0, const float sf1,
-                        const float sf2, const float sf3, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
-    int index = item_ct1.get_local_id(0) +
-               item_ct1.get_group(0) * item_ct1.get_local_range(0);
-    if (index >= ne10 * ne11 * ne12 * ne13) {
-        return;
-    }
-    // operation
-    int i10 = index % ne10;
-    int i11 = (index / ne10) % ne11;
-    int i12 = (index / (ne10 * ne11)) % ne12;
-    int i13 = (index / (ne10 * ne11 * ne12)) % ne13;
-
-    int i00 = i10 / sf0;
-    int i01 = i11 / sf1;
-    int i02 = i12 / sf2;
-    int i03 = i13 / sf3;
-
-    dst[index] = *(const T *)((const char *)x + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01 + i00 * nb00);
+template<typename T>
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_sqr(T x) {
+    return x * x;
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static void pad(const T  *x, T *dst, const int ne0, const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02,
-                    const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    int nidx = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) +
-               item_ct1.get_group(2) * item_ct1.get_local_range(2);
-    if (nidx >= ne0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // operation
-    int offset_dst = nidx + item_ct1.get_group(1) * ne0 +
-                     item_ct1.get_group(0) * ne0 * item_ct1.get_group_range(1);
-    if (nidx < ne00 && item_ct1.get_group(1) < (size_t) ne01 && item_ct1.get_group(0) < (size_t) ne02) {
-        int offset_src = nidx + item_ct1.get_group(1) * ne00 +
-                         item_ct1.get_group(0) * ne00 * ne01;
-            dst[offset_dst] = x[offset_src];
-    } else {
-        dst[offset_dst] = static_cast<T>(0.0f);
-    }
+template<typename T>
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_clamp(T x, float min_val, float max_val) {
+    return x < static_cast<T>(min_val) ? static_cast<T>(min_val) : (x > static_cast<T>(max_val) ? static_cast<T>(max_val) : x);
 }
 
-
 template<typename T>
-static void clamp(const T * x, T * dst, const float min, const float max, const int k,
-                      const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-
-    if (i >= k) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dst[i] = x[i] < static_cast<T>(min) ? static_cast<T>(min) : (x[i] > static_cast<T>(max) ? static_cast<T>(max) : x[i]);
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_floor(T x) {
+    return sycl::floor(x);
 }
 
-static void acc_f32_sycl(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
-                         const int n_elements, const int ne10, const int ne11,
-                         const int ne12, const int nb1, const int nb2,
-                         const int offset, queue_ptr stream) {
-    int num_blocks = (n_elements + SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                          acc_f32(x, y, dst, n_elements, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb1, nb2, offset, item_ct1);
-                      });
+template<typename T>
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_ceil(T x) {
+    return sycl::ceil(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void gelu_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                          queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { gelu(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_round(T x) {
+    return sycl::round(x);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void silu_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                          queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { silu(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static __dpct_inline__ T op_trunc(T x) {
+    return sycl::trunc(x);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename F>
+static void unary_op_generic_kernel(
+        const T * x,
+        T * dst,
+        const int k,
+        const int64_t ne0, const int64_t ne1, const int64_t ne2, const int64_t ne3,
+        const size_t nb0,  const size_t nb1,  const size_t nb2,  const size_t nb3,
+        const size_t nbd0, const size_t nbd1, const size_t nbd2, const size_t nbd3,
+        const sycl::nd_item<1> & item_ct1,
+        F func) {
+
+        (void) ne3;
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        const int64_t i0 =  i % ne0;
+        const int64_t i1 = (i / ne0)        % ne1;
+        const int64_t i2 = (i / (ne0*ne1))  % ne2;
+        const int64_t i3 =  i / (ne0*ne1*ne2);
+
+        const char * src_base = (const char *) x;
+        char       * dst_base = (char *) dst;
+
+        const T * srcp = (const T *)(src_base + i0*nb0  + i1*nb1  + i2*nb2  + i3*nb3 );
+        T *       dstp = (T *)(dst_base + i0*nbd0 + i1*nbd1 + i2*nbd2 + i3*nbd3);
+
+        *dstp = func(*srcp);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sgn_sycl(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, queue_ptr stream) {
-    // hard code for now
-    const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k, 256);
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream, sycl::nd_range<3>((sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range(1, 1, 256)), sycl::range(1, 1, 256)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { sgn(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_sqrt_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_sqrt(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void abs_sycl(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, queue_ptr stream) {
-    // hard code for now
-    const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k, 256);
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream,
-        sycl::nd_range<3>((sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 256)), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 256)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { abs_op(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_sin_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_sin(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
-
 template<typename T>
-static void elu_sycl(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, queue_ptr stream) {
-    // hard code for now
-    const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k, 256);
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream,
-        sycl::nd_range<3>((sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 256)), sycl::range<3>(1, 1, 256)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { elu_op(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_cos_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_cos(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void gelu_quick_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                                queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { gelu_quick(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_log_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_log(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 
 template<typename T>
-static void gelu_erf_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                                queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { gelu_erf(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_leaky_relu_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, float negative_slope, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_leaky_relu(x[i], negative_slope);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void tanh_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                          queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_TANH_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_TANH_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_TANH_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_TANH_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { tanh(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_sqr_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_sqr(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void relu_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                          queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { relu(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_clamp_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1, float min_val, float max_val) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_clamp(x[i], min_val, max_val);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void hardsigmoid_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                                 queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_HARDSIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_HARDSIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream,
-        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_HARDSIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                          sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_HARDSIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { hardsigmoid(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_floor_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_floor(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void hardswish_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_HARDSWISH_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_HARDSWISH_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream,
-        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_HARDSWISH_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                          sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_HARDSWISH_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { hardswish(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_ceil_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_ceil(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void exp_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { exp(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_round_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_round(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void log_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { log(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void unary_op_trunc_kernel(const T * x, T * dst, const int k, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = op_trunc(x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-static void neg_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { neg(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+template<typename  T>
+static void upscale(const T  *x, T *dst, const int nb00, const int nb01,
+                        const int nb02, const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11,
+                        const int ne12, const int ne13, const float sf0, const float sf1,
+                        const float sf2, const float sf3, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    int index = item_ct1.get_local_id(0) +
+               item_ct1.get_group(0) * item_ct1.get_local_range(0);
+    if (index >= ne10 * ne11 * ne12 * ne13) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // operation
+    int i10 = index % ne10;
+    int i11 = (index / ne10) % ne11;
+    int i12 = (index / (ne10 * ne11)) % ne12;
+    int i13 = (index / (ne10 * ne11 * ne12)) % ne13;
+
+    int i00 = static_cast<int>(i10 / sf0);
+    int i01 = static_cast<int>(i11 / sf1);
+    int i02 = static_cast<int>(i12 / sf2);
+    int i03 = static_cast<int>(i13 / sf3);
+
+    dst[index] = *(const T *)((const char *)x + i03 * nb03 + i02 * nb02 + i01 * nb01 + i00 * nb00);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void step_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_NEG_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { step(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void clamp(const T * x, T * dst, const float min, const float max, const int k,
+                      const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = x[i] < static_cast<T>(min) ? static_cast<T>(min) : (x[i] > static_cast<T>(max) ? static_cast<T>(max) : x[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sigmoid_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_SIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(
-        stream,
-        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                          sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SIGMOID_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { sigmoid(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void gated_op_fused_geglu(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const uint64_t k, const uint64_t n, const uint64_t o0, const uint64_t o1, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+        const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+        dst[i] = op_gelu(x[j0]) * g[j1];
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sqrt_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { sqrt(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void gated_op_fused_reglu(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const uint64_t k, const uint64_t n, const uint64_t o0, const uint64_t o1, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+        const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+        dst[i] = op_relu(x[j0]) * g[j1];
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sin_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { sin(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void gated_op_fused_swiglu(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const uint64_t k, const uint64_t n, const uint64_t o0, const uint64_t o1, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1)  {
+        const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+        const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+        dst[i] = op_silu(x[j0]) * g[j1];
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void cos_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                               queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { cos(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void gated_op_fused_geglu_erf(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const uint64_t k, const uint64_t n, const uint64_t o0, const uint64_t o1, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+        const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+        dst[i] = op_gelu_erf(x[j0]) * g[j1];
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void leaky_relu_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                                const float negative_slope,
-                                queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { leaky_relu(x, dst, k, negative_slope, item_ct1); });
+static void gated_op_fused_geglu_quick(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const uint64_t k, const uint64_t n, const uint64_t o0, const uint64_t o1, const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+        const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+        dst[i] = op_gelu_quick(x[j0]) * g[j1];
+    }
+}
+
+namespace ggml_sycl_detail {
+static void acc_f32_sycl(const float *x, const float *y, float *dst,
+                         const int64_t n_elements, const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11,
+                         const int64_t ne12, const int64_t ne13, const int64_t s1, const int64_t s2, const int64_t s3,
+                         const int64_t offset, queue_ptr stream) {
+    const int num_blocks = (n_elements + SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_ACC_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             acc_f32(x, y, dst, n_elements, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s1, s2, s3, offset);
+                         });
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-static void sqr_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int k,
-                         queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { sqr(x, dst, k, item_ct1); });
+static void arange_kernel(T * dst, const int k, T start, T step,
+                         const sycl::nd_item<1> &item_ct1) {
+    SYCL_GLOBAL_ID_LOOP(k, item_ct1) {
+        dst[i] = start + static_cast<T>(i) * step;
+    }
 }
 
 template<typename T>
@@ -558,62 +398,33 @@ static void upscale_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int nb00, const int nb01,
                              const int ne12, const int ne13, const float sf0, const float sf1,
                              const float sf2, const float sf3, queue_ptr stream) {
     int dst_size = ne10 * ne11 * ne12 * ne13;
-    int num_blocks = (dst_size + SYCL_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    int num_blocks = ceil_div(dst_size, SYCL_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE);
     sycl::range<1> gridDim(num_blocks * SYCL_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    sycl_parallel_for<1>(
-        stream, sycl::nd_range<1>(gridDim, sycl::range<1>(SYCL_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<1>(gridDim, sycl::range<1>(SYCL_UPSCALE_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
             upscale(x, dst, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, item_ct1);
         });
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-static void pad_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int ne00,
-                         const int ne01, const int ne02, const int ne0,
-                         const int ne1, const int ne2, queue_ptr stream) {
-    int num_blocks = (ne0 + SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl::range<3> gridDim(ne2, ne1, num_blocks);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { pad(x, dst, ne0, ne00, ne01, ne02, item_ct1); });
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static void clamp_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const float min,
-                           const float max, const int k,
-                           queue_ptr stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream,
-                      sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE),
-                                        sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE)),
-                      [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) { clamp(x, dst, min, max, k, item_ct1); });
-}
-
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_sgn(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
+template<typename KernelInvoker, typename... Args>
+static inline void dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, KernelInvoker kernel_invoker, Args&&... args) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
+
     dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
     SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
     switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
                 auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                sgn_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
+                kernel_invoker(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, (int)ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                 break;
             }
-#endif
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
                 auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                sgn_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
+                kernel_invoker(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, (int)ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                 break;
             }
         default:
@@ -621,31 +432,72 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_sgn(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
     }
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_abs(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
+template<typename KernelInvoker, typename... Args>
+static inline void dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_fused_glu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, KernelInvoker kernel_invoker, Args&&... args) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
+
     dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
     SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const int64_t nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;;
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(dst->src[0]));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+    const int32_t swapped = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    void * src0_d = src0->data;
+    void * src1_d = src1 ? src1->data : src0->data;
+    const int64_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const int64_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[0] == nc);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
     switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                abs_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
+                sycl::half * src0_p = (sycl::half *) src0_d;
+                sycl::half * src1_p = (sycl::half *) src1_d;
+
+                    if (!src1) {
+                        src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+                        src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+                    }
+                kernel_invoker(src0_p,
+                               src1_p,
+                               (sycl::half *) dst_d,
+                               ggml_nelements(dst),
+                               nc,
+                               src0_o / sizeof(sycl::half),
+                               src1_o / sizeof(sycl::half),
+                               main_stream,
+                               std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                 break;
             }
-#endif
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                abs_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
+                float * src0_p = (float *) src0_d;
+                float * src1_p = (float *) src1_d;
+
+                    if (!src1) {
+                        src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+                        src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+                    }
+
+                kernel_invoker(src0_p,
+                               src1_p,
+                               (float *) dst_d,
+                               ggml_nelements(dst),
+                               nc,
+                               src0_o / sizeof(float),
+                               src1_o / sizeof(float),
+                               main_stream,
+                               std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                 break;
             }
         default:
@@ -653,94 +505,35 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_abs(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst)
     }
 }
 
-
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_elu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
+template<typename KernelInvoker, typename... Args>
+static inline void dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_upscale(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, KernelInvoker kernel_invoker, Args&&... args) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                elu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                elu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
-}
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_silu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
     dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
     SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                silu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                silu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
-}
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_gelu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+    const float sf0 = (float) dst->ne[0] / dst->src[0]->ne[0];
+    const float sf1 = (float) dst->ne[1] / dst->src[0]->ne[1];
+    const float sf2 = (float) dst->ne[2] / dst->src[0]->ne[2];
+    const float sf3 = (float) dst->ne[3] / dst->src[0]->ne[3];
     switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
             {
                 auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                gelu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
+                kernel_invoker(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, (int)dst->src[0]->nb[0], (int)dst->src[0]->nb[1], (int)dst->src[0]->nb[2],
+                               (int)dst->src[0]->nb[3], (int)dst->ne[0], (int)dst->ne[1], (int)dst->ne[2], (int)dst->ne[3], sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3,
+                               main_stream, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                 break;
             }
-#endif
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
                 auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                gelu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
+                kernel_invoker(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, (int)dst->src[0]->nb[0], (int)dst->src[0]->nb[1], (int)dst->src[0]->nb[2],
+                               (int)dst->src[0]->nb[3], (int)dst->ne[0], (int)dst->ne[1], (int)dst->ne[2], (int)dst->ne[3], sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3,
+                               main_stream, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                 break;
             }
         default:
@@ -748,640 +541,493 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_gelu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst
     }
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                gelu_quick_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                gelu_quick_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+template<typename F>
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_unary(
+        ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, F func) {
+
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    const int64_t ne0  = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne1  = dst->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne2  = dst->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne3  = dst->ne[3];
+
+    const size_t  nb0  = src0->nb[0];
+    const size_t  nb1  = src0->nb[1];
+    const size_t  nb2  = src0->nb[2];
+    const size_t  nb3  = src0->nb[3];
+
+    const size_t  nbd0 = dst->nb[0];
+    const size_t  nbd1 = dst->nb[1];
+    const size_t  nbd2 = dst->nb[2];
+    const size_t  nbd3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [=](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, 256);
+
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(256),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(256)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_generic_kernel(
+                        src, dst_ptr, k_elements,
+                        ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+                        nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3,
+                        nbd0, nbd1, nbd2, nbd3,
+                        item_ct1,
+                        func
+                    );
+                });
+        });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_gelu_erf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_arange(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
+    float start, stop, step;
+    memcpy(&start, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&stop, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&step, (float *) dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
     SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                gelu_erf_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                gelu_erf_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+    float * dst_ptr = (float *)dst->data;
+    const int k = (int)ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k, SYCL_ARANGE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_ARANGE_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                          sycl::range<1>(SYCL_ARANGE_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+            arange_kernel(dst_ptr, k, start, step, item_ct1);
+        });
 }
 
+} // namespace ggml_sycl_detail
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_tanh(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                tanh_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                tanh_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_sgn(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_sgn(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_relu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
 
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                relu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                relu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_abs(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_abs(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_hardsigmoid(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_elu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_elu(x);
+    });
+}
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_silu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_silu(x);
+    });
+}
 
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_gelu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_gelu(x);
+    });
+}
 
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                hardsigmoid_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                hardsigmoid_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_gelu_quick(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_hardswish(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                hardswish_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                hardswish_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_gelu_erf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_gelu_erf(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_exp(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                exp_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                exp_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_tanh(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_tanh(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_log(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                log_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                log_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_relu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_relu(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_sigmoid(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                sigmoid_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                sigmoid_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_hardsigmoid(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_hardsigmoid(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_sqrt(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_hardswish(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_hardswish(x);
+    });
+}
 
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                sqrt_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                sqrt_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_exp(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_exp(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_sin(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                sin_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                sin_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_log(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE); // Using EXP block size
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(SYCL_EXP_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_log_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_cos(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                cos_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                cos_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_softplus(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_softplus(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_step(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                step_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                step_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_neg(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_neg(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_neg(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                neg_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                neg_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_step(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_step(x);
+    });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_sigmoid(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_sigmoid(x);
+    });
+}
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_sqrt(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_sqrt_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
+}
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_sin(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_sin_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
+}
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_cos(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE); // Using SIN block size
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_cos_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
+}
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     float negative_slope;
     memcpy(&negative_slope, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                leaky_relu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), negative_slope, main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                leaky_relu_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), negative_slope, main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream, float slope) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_leaky_relu_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, slope, item_ct1);
+                });
+        }, negative_slope);
+}
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_sqr(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_sqr_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_sqr(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
- #if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                sqr_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                sqr_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_upscale(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_upscale(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int nb00, int nb01, int nb02, int nb03,
+           int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13, float sf0, float sf1, float sf2, float sf3,
+           queue_ptr stream) {
+            ggml_sycl_detail::upscale_sycl(src, dst_ptr, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, stream);
+        });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_upscale(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_clamp(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    float min_val;
+    float max_val;
+    memcpy(&min_val, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_val, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream, float min_arg, float max_arg) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    clamp(src, dst_ptr, min_arg, max_arg, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        }, min_val, max_val);
+}
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_floor(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, 256);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(256),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(256)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_floor_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
+}
 
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_ceil(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst, [](auto x) {
+        return op_ceil(x);
+    });
+}
 
-    const float sf0 = (float) dst->ne[0] / dst->src[0]->ne[0];
-    const float sf1 = (float) dst->ne[1] / dst->src[0]->ne[1];
-    const float sf2 = (float) dst->ne[2] / dst->src[0]->ne[2];
-    const float sf3 = (float) dst->ne[3] / dst->src[0]->ne[3];
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                upscale_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, dst->src[0]->nb[0], dst->src[0]->nb[1], dst->src[0]->nb[2],
-                        dst->src[0]->nb[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3,
-                        main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                upscale_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, dst->src[0]->nb[0], dst->src[0]->nb[1], dst->src[0]->nb[2],
-                        dst->src[0]->nb[3], dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3,
-                        main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_round(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, 256);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(256),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(256)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_round_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_pad(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->ne[3] == 1 && dst->ne[3] == 1);  // just 3D tensors
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                pad_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, dst->src[0]->ne[0], dst->src[0]->ne[1], dst->src[0]->ne[2], dst->ne[0],
-                        dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                pad_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, dst->src[0]->ne[0], dst->src[0]->ne[1], dst->src[0]->ne[2], dst->ne[0],
-                        dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_trunc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_unary(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* src, auto* dst_ptr, int k_elements, queue_ptr stream) {
+            const int num_blocks = ceil_div(k_elements, 256);
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks) * sycl::range<1>(256),
+                                  sycl::range<1>(256)),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                    unary_op_trunc_kernel(src, dst_ptr, k_elements, item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_clamp(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-#if defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-#else
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_acc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-#endif
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    float min;
-    float max;
-    memcpy(&min, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&max, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+    const float * src1_d = (const float *) src1->data;
+    float       * dst_d  = (float       *)  dst->data;
 
-    switch (dst->type) {
-#if defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<sycl::half>(dst);
-                clamp_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, min, max, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-#endif
-        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-            {
-                auto data_pts = cast_data<float>(dst);
-                clamp_sycl(data_pts.src, data_pts.dst, min, max, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
-                break;
-            }
-        default:
-            GGML_ABORT("GGML tensor type not supported!\n");
-    }
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguously_allocated(dst));
+
+    const int64_t s1     = dst->op_params[0] / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t s2     = dst->op_params[1] / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t s3     = dst->op_params[2] / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t offset = dst->op_params[3] / sizeof(float);
+
+    ggml_sycl_detail::acc_f32_sycl(src0_d, src1_d, dst_d, ggml_nelements(dst),
+        src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3],
+        s1, s2, s3, offset, stream);
+}
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_geglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_fused_glu(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* x_ptr, const auto* g_ptr, auto* dst_ptr, uint64_t k, uint64_t n, uint64_t o0, uint64_t o1, queue_ptr main_stream) {
+            const uint32_t num_blocks = ceil_div(k, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            main_stream->parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<1>((num_blocks * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), sycl::range<1>(SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                gated_op_fused_geglu(x_ptr, g_ptr, dst_ptr, k, n, o0, o1, item_ct1);
+            });
+        });
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_acc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_reglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_fused_glu(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* x_ptr, const auto* g_ptr, auto* dst_ptr, uint64_t k, uint64_t n, uint64_t o0, uint64_t o1, queue_ptr main_stream) {
+            const uint32_t num_blocks = ceil_div((uint32_t)k, SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE); // Using RELU block size for reglu
+            main_stream->parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<1>((num_blocks * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), sycl::range<1>(SYCL_RELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                gated_op_fused_reglu(x_ptr, g_ptr, dst_ptr, k, n, o0, o1, item_ct1);
+            });
+        });
+}
+
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_swiglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_fused_glu(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* x_ptr, const auto* g_ptr, auto* dst_ptr, uint64_t k, uint64_t n, uint64_t o0, uint64_t o1, queue_ptr main_stream) {
+            const uint32_t num_blocks = ceil_div((uint32_t)k, SYCL_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE); // Using SILU block size for swiglu
+            main_stream->parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<1>((num_blocks * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE)), sycl::range<1>(SYCL_SILU_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                gated_op_fused_swiglu(x_ptr, g_ptr, dst_ptr, k, n, o0, o1, item_ct1);
+            });
+        });
+}
+
+__dpct_inline__ float ggml_sycl_op_swiglu_oai_single(float x, float g, float alpha = 1.702f, float limit = 7.0f) {
+    x = sycl::fmin(x, limit);
+    g = sycl::fmax(sycl::fmin(g, limit), -limit);
+
+    float out_glu = x / (1.0f + sycl::native::exp(-x * alpha));
+    out_glu = out_glu * (1.0f + g);
+    return out_glu;
+}
+
+
+template <typename T>
+static void swiglu_oai_kernel(const T * x, const T * g, T * dst, const int64_t k,
+                              const int64_t n, const int64_t o0, const int64_t o1,
+                              float alpha, float limit, sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    const int64_t i = int64_t(item_ct1.get_local_range(2)) * item_ct1.get_group(2) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t j0 = (i / n) * o0 + (i % n);
+    const int64_t j1 = o0 == o1 ? j0 : (i / n) * o1 + (i % n);
+
+    float xi = x[j0];
+    float gi = g[j1];
+
+    dst[i] = ggml_sycl_op_swiglu_oai_single(xi, gi, alpha, limit);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void swiglu_oai_sycl(const T *       x,
+                            const T *       g,
+                            T *             dst,
+                            const int64_t   k,
+                            const int64_t   n,
+                            const int64_t   o0,
+                            const int64_t   o1,
+                            const float     alpha,
+                            const float     limit,
+                            dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (k + SYCL_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_blocks) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             swiglu_oai_kernel(x, g, dst, k, n, o0, o1, alpha, limit, item_ct1);
+                         });
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_swiglu_oai(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    void * src0_d = src0->data;
+    void * src1_d = src1 ? src1->data : src0->data;
+    const int64_t src0_o = src0->nb[1];
+    const int64_t src1_o = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : src0->nb[1];
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+    const int64_t nc = src1 ? src0->ne[0] : src0->ne[0] / 2;
+    dpct::queue_ptr     stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[3] == 1); // just 3D tensors supported
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
-    const float * src0_dd = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[0]->data);
-    const float * src1_dd = static_cast<const float*>(dst->src[1]->data);
-    float *       dst_dd  = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == nc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(dst) == ggml_nrows(src0));
+
+    if (src1) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(src1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[0] == nc);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
+
+    //const int32_t swapped = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    const int32_t swapped = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const float alpha = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2);
+    const float limit = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 3);
+
+    float * src0_p = (float *) src0_d;
+    float * src1_p = (float *) src1_d;
+
+    if (!src1) {
+        src0_p += swapped ? nc : 0;
+        src1_p += swapped ? 0 : nc;
+    }
+
+    swiglu_oai_sycl(src0_p, src1_p, (float *)dst_d, ggml_nelements(dst), nc, src0_o / sizeof(float), src1_o / sizeof(float), alpha, limit, stream);
+}
 
-    int nb1 = dst->op_params[0] / 4; // 4 bytes of float32
-    int nb2 = dst->op_params[1] / 4; // 4 bytes of float32
-    // int nb3 = dst->op_params[2] / 4; // 4 bytes of float32 - unused
-    int offset = dst->op_params[3] / 4; // offset in bytes
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_geglu_erf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_fused_glu(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* x_ptr, const auto* g_ptr, auto* dst_ptr, uint64_t k, uint64_t n, uint64_t o0, uint64_t o1, queue_ptr main_stream) {
+            const uint32_t num_blocks = ceil_div(k, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            main_stream->parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<1>((num_blocks * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), sycl::range<1>(SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                gated_op_fused_geglu_erf(x_ptr, g_ptr, dst_ptr, k, n, o0, o1, item_ct1);
+            });
+        });
+}
 
-    acc_f32_sycl(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ggml_nelements(dst), dst->src[1]->ne[0], dst->src[1]->ne[1], dst->src[1]->ne[2], nb1, nb2, offset, main_stream);
+static inline void ggml_sycl_op_geglu_quick(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_detail::dispatch_ggml_sycl_op_fused_glu(ctx, dst,
+        [](const auto* x_ptr, const auto* g_ptr, auto* dst_ptr, uint64_t k, uint64_t n, uint64_t o0, uint64_t o1, queue_ptr main_stream) {
+            const uint32_t num_blocks = ceil_div(k, SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            main_stream->parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<1>((num_blocks * sycl::range<1>(SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), sycl::range<1>(SYCL_GELU_BLOCK_SIZE)), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                gated_op_fused_geglu_quick(x_ptr, g_ptr, dst_ptr, k, n, o0, o1, item_ct1);
+            });
+        });
 }
 
 
@@ -1460,6 +1106,11 @@ void ggml_sycl_log(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_sycl_op_log(ctx, dst);
 }
 
+void ggml_sycl_softplus(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_softplus(ctx, dst);
+}
+
 void ggml_sycl_neg(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
     ggml_sycl_op_neg(ctx, dst);
@@ -1485,10 +1136,6 @@ void ggml_sycl_upscale(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_sycl_op_upscale(ctx, dst);
 }
 
-void ggml_sycl_pad(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
-    ggml_sycl_op_pad(ctx, dst);
-}
 
 void ggml_sycl_clamp(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
@@ -1509,3 +1156,58 @@ void ggml_sycl_elu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
     ggml_sycl_op_elu(ctx, dst);
 }
+
+void ggml_sycl_geglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_geglu(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_reglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_reglu(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_swiglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_swiglu(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_swiglu_oai(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_swiglu_oai(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_geglu_erf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_geglu_erf(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_geglu_quick(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_geglu_quick(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_arange(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/0);
+    ggml_sycl_detail::ggml_sycl_op_arange(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_floor(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_floor(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_ceil(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_ceil(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_round(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_round(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_trunc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_trunc(ctx, dst);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.hpp
index bd40113f097..7c71974687a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/element_wise.hpp
@@ -3,27 +3,32 @@
 
 #include "common.hpp"
 #include "ggml.h"
-#include <limits.h>
+#include <limits> // For std::numeric_limits
+
+#define SYCL_GLU_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 
 template <typename T>
 T neg_infinity() {
     return -std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
 }
 
-template<typename T>
+template<typename T_Dst, typename T_Src = T_Dst>
 struct typed_data {
-    const T * src;
-    T * dst;
+    const T_Src * src;
+    T_Dst * dst;
 };
 
-template<typename T>
-typed_data<T> cast_data(ggml_tensor * dst) {
+template<typename T_Dst, typename T_Src = T_Dst>
+typed_data<T_Dst, T_Src> cast_data(ggml_tensor * dst) {
     return {
-        /* .src = */ static_cast<const T *>(dst->src[0]->data),
-        /* .dst = */ static_cast<T *>(dst->data)
+        /* .src = */ static_cast<const T_Src *>(dst->src[0]->data),
+        /* .dst = */ static_cast<T_Dst *>(dst->data)
     };
 }
 
+const float GELU_QUICK_COEF = -1.702f;
+
+
 void ggml_sycl_sqrt(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_sin(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -38,6 +43,8 @@ void ggml_sycl_silu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_gelu_quick(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
+void ggml_sycl_swiglu_oai(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
 void ggml_sycl_gelu_erf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_tanh(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -54,6 +61,8 @@ void ggml_sycl_exp(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_log(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
+void ggml_sycl_softplus(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
 void ggml_sycl_neg(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_step(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -64,8 +73,6 @@ void ggml_sycl_sqr(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_upscale(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
-void ggml_sycl_pad(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
-
 void ggml_sycl_clamp(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_sgn(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -73,5 +80,17 @@ void ggml_sycl_sgn(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_sycl_abs(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_elu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
-#endif // GGML_SYCL_ELEMENTWISE_HPP
 
+void ggml_sycl_geglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_reglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_swiglu(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_geglu_erf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_geglu_quick(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_floor(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_ceil(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_round(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_sycl_trunc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_sycl_arange(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_ELEMENTWISE_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-common.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-common.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed00d03c3b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-common.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1179 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "convert.hpp"
+#include "vecdotq.hpp"
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <float.h>
+
+
+#define FATTN_KQ_STRIDE       256
+#define HALF_MAX_HALF         sycl::half(65504.0f/2) // Use neg. of this instead of -INFINITY to initialize KQ max vals to avoid NaN upon subtraction.
+#define SOFTMAX_FTZ_THRESHOLD -20.0f                   // Softmax exp. of values smaller than this are flushed to zero to avoid NaNs.
+#define FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET (3.0f*0.6931f)
+
+typedef void (*fattn_kernel_t)(
+    const char* Q,
+    const char* K,
+    const char* V,
+    const char* mask,
+    const char* sinks,
+    const int* KV_max,
+    float* dst,
+    sycl::float2* dst_meta,
+    const float scale,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const uint32_t n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int32_t ne00,
+    const sycl::uint3 ne01,
+    const int32_t ne02,
+    const int32_t ne03,
+    const int32_t nb01,
+    const int32_t nb02,
+    const int32_t nb03,
+    const int32_t ne10,
+    const int32_t ne11,
+    const int32_t ne12,
+    const int32_t ne13,
+    const int32_t nb11,
+    const int32_t nb12,
+    const int64_t nb13,
+    const int32_t nb21,
+    const int32_t nb22,
+    const int64_t nb23,
+    const int32_t ne31,
+    const int32_t ne32,
+    const int32_t ne33,
+    const int32_t nb31,
+    const int32_t nb32,
+    const int64_t nb33);
+
+typedef float (*vec_dot_KQ_t)(
+    const char * __restrict__ K_c, const void * __restrict__ Q_v, const int * __restrict__ Q_q8 , const void * __restrict__ Q_ds);
+
+template <int D, int nthreads>
+static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_f16(const char * __restrict__ K_c,
+                                                      const void * __restrict__ Q_v,
+                                                      const int * __restrict__ Q_q8,
+                                                      const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
+    const sycl::half2 * K_h2 = (const sycl::half2 *) K_c;
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_q8);
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_ds_v);
+
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D/2; k_KQ_0 += nthreads*cpy_ne) {
+        sycl::half2 tmp[cpy_ne];
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp)>(
+            tmp,
+            K_h2 + k_KQ_0 + (sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>().get_local_id(2) % nthreads) * cpy_ne);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < cpy_ne; ++k_KQ_1) {
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+            ggml_sycl_mad(sum,                tmp[k_KQ_1] , ((const sycl::half2 *) Q_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads + k_KQ_1]);
+#else
+            ggml_sycl_mad(sum, __half22float2(tmp[k_KQ_1]), ((const sycl::float2 *) Q_v)[k_KQ_0/nthreads + k_KQ_1]);
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+template <int D, int nthreads, int warp_size>
+static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_0(const char * __restrict__ K_c,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_v,
+                                                       const int * __restrict__ Q_q8,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+
+    const block_q4_0 * K_q4_0   = (const block_q4_0 *) K_c;
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ =
+            k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads);
+
+        const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
+        const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI4_0;
+        const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
+
+        int v;
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(int), 2>(&v, K_q4_0[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
+
+        const int sumi = ggml_sycl_dp4a(v, u, 0);
+
+        const sycl::float2 Q_ds = ((const sycl::float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0 / nthreads];
+        sum += __half2float(K_q4_0[ib].d) * (sumi*Q_ds.x() - (8/QI8_1)*Q_ds.y());
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+template <int D, int nthreads , int warp_size>
+static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_1(const char * __restrict__ K_c,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_v,
+                                                       const int * __restrict__ Q_q8,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
+    auto               item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const block_q4_1 * K_q4_1   = (const block_q4_1 *) K_c;
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ =
+            k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads);
+
+        const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
+        const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI4_1;
+        const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
+
+        int v;
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(int)>(&v, K_q4_1[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
+
+        const int sumi = ggml_sycl_dp4a(v, u, 0);
+
+        const sycl::float2 K_dm = (K_q4_1[ib].dm).template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+        const sycl::float2 Q_ds = ((const sycl::float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0 / nthreads];
+
+        sum += K_dm.x()*Q_ds.x()*sumi + K_dm.y()*Q_ds.y()/QI8_1;
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+template <int D, int nthreads, int warp_size>
+static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_0(const char * __restrict__ K_c,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_v,
+                                                       const int * __restrict__ Q_q8,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
+    auto               item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const block_q5_0 * K_q5_0   = (const block_q5_0 *) K_c;
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ =
+            k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads);
+
+        const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
+        const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI5_0;
+        const int iqs8  = k_KQ %  QI8_1;
+        const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
+
+        int v;
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(int), 2>(&v, K_q5_0[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+        {
+            int vh;
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(int), 2>(&vh, K_q5_0[ib].qh);
+            vh >>= iqs8 * QI5_0;
+
+            v |= (vh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
+            v |= (vh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
+            v |= (vh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
+            v |= (vh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
+        }
+
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
+
+        const int sumi = ggml_sycl_dp4a(v, u, 0);
+
+        const sycl::float2 Q_ds = ((const sycl::float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0 / nthreads];
+
+        sum += __half2float(K_q5_0[ib].d) * (sumi*Q_ds.x() - (16/QI8_1)*Q_ds.y());
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+template <int D, int nthreads, int warp_size>
+static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_1(const char * __restrict__ K_c,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_v,
+                                                       const int * __restrict__ Q_q8,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
+    auto               item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const block_q5_1 * K_q5_1   = (const block_q5_1 *) K_c;
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ =
+            k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads);
+
+        const int ib    = k_KQ /  QI8_1;
+        const int iqs4  = k_KQ %  QI5_1;
+        const int iqs8  = k_KQ %  QI8_1;
+        const int shift = k_KQ & (QI8_1/2);
+
+        int v;
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(int)>(&v, K_q5_1[ib].qs + sizeof(int)*iqs4);
+        v = (v >> shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+        {
+            int vh;
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(int)>(&vh, K_q5_1[ib].qh);
+            vh >>= iqs8 * QI5_0;
+
+            v |= (vh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
+            v |= (vh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
+            v |= (vh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
+            v |= (vh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
+        }
+
+        const int u = Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads];
+
+        const int sumi = ggml_sycl_dp4a(v, u, 0);
+
+        const sycl::float2 K_dm = (K_q5_1[ib].dm).template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+        const sycl::float2 Q_ds = ((const sycl::float2 *) Q_ds_v)[k_KQ_0 / nthreads];
+
+        sum += K_dm.x()*Q_ds.x()*sumi + K_dm.y()*Q_ds.y()/QI8_1;
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+template <int D, int nthreads, int warp_size>
+static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q8_0(const char * __restrict__ K_c,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_v,
+                                                       const int * __restrict__ Q_q8,
+                                                       const void * __restrict__ Q_ds_v) {
+    auto               item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const block_q8_0 * K_q8_0   = (const block_q8_0 *) K_c;
+    GGML_UNUSED(Q_v);
+
+    float sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); k_KQ_0 += nthreads) {
+        const int k_KQ =
+            k_KQ_0 + (nthreads == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads);
+
+        const int ib  = k_KQ / QI8_0;
+        const int iqs = k_KQ % QI8_0;
+
+        int v;
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(v), 2>(&v, K_q8_0[ib].qs + 4*iqs);
+
+        const sycl::float2 * Q_ds = (const sycl::float2 *) Q_ds_v;
+        const float          Q_d  = Q_ds[k_KQ_0 / nthreads].x();
+
+        sum += vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl<float, 1>(&v, &Q_q8[k_KQ_0/nthreads], K_q8_0[ib].d, Q_d);
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+template <typename Tds, int ni, int warp_size>
+static __dpct_inline__ void quantize_q8_1_to_shared(const float * __restrict__ x,
+                                                    const float scale,
+                                                    int * __restrict__ yq32,
+                                                    void * __restrict__ yds) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+
+    float vals[sizeof(int)] = { 0.0f };
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int l = 0; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
+        vals[l] =
+            (ni == warp_size || item_ct1.get_local_id(2) < ni) ? scale * x[4 * item_ct1.get_local_id(2) + l] : 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    float amax = sycl::fabs(vals[0]);
+    float sum  = vals[0];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int l = 1; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
+        amax = sycl::fmax(amax, sycl::fabs(vals[l]));
+        sum += vals[l];
+    }
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int mask = QI8_1/2; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
+        amax = sycl::fmax(
+            amax, dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), amax, mask));
+        sum += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(), sum, mask);
+    }
+
+    const float d = amax / 127;
+    int q32 = 0;
+    int8_t * q8 = (int8_t *) &q32;
+
+    if (d != 0.0f) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < int(sizeof(int)); ++l) {
+            q8[l] = sycl::round(vals[l] / d);
+        }
+    }
+
+    yq32[item_ct1.get_local_id(2)] = q32;
+    if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % QI8_1 == 0 && (ni == warp_size || item_ct1.get_local_id(2) < ni)) {
+        if (std::is_same<Tds, sycl::half2>::value) {
+            ((sycl::half2  *) yds)[item_ct1.get_local_id(2)/QI8_1] =  make_half2(d, sum);
+        } else {
+            ((sycl::float2 *) yds)[item_ct1.get_local_id(2)/QI8_1] = make_float2(d, sum);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+typedef void (*dequantize_V_t)(const void *, void *, const int64_t);
+
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __dpct_inline__ void dequantize_V_f16(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) {
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne * sizeof(sycl::half)>(dst, (const sycl::half *) vx + i0);
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        static_assert(ne % 2 == 0, "bad ne");
+        sycl::half2 tmp[ne / 2];
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne * sizeof(sycl::half)>(tmp, (const sycl::half *) vx + i0);
+        sycl::float2 * dst_f2 = (sycl::float2 *) dst;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne/2; ++l) {
+            dst_f2[l] = tmp[l].template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "unsupported type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __dpct_inline__ void dequantize_V_q4_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
+    const block_q4_0 * x = (const block_q4_0 *) vx;
+
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK4_0;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK4_0/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK4_0) / (QK4_0/2);
+
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    q = dpct::vectorized_binary<sycl::char4>(q, 0x08080808, dpct::sub_sat());
+
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) {
+        const sycl::half2 d = sycl::half2(x[ib].d);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((sycl::half2 *) dst)[l0 / 2] = d * sycl::half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]);
+        }
+    } else
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const float d = x[ib].d;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = d * q8[l];
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __dpct_inline__ void dequantize_V_q4_1(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
+    const block_q4_1 * x = (const block_q4_1 *) vx;
+
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK4_1;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK4_1/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK4_1) / (QK4_1/2);
+
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) {
+        const sycl::half2 dm = x[ib].dm;
+        const sycl::half2 d  = sycl::half2(dm[0]);
+        const sycl::half2 m  = sycl::half2(dm[1]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((sycl::half2 *) dst)[l0 / 2] = d * sycl::half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]) + m;
+        }
+    } else
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const sycl::float2 dm = (x[ib].dm).template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = dm.x() * q8[l] + dm.y();
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __dpct_inline__ void dequantize_V_q5_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
+    const block_q5_0 * x = (const block_q5_0 *) vx;
+
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK5_0;
+    const int     idq   =  i0          %  QK5_0;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK5_0/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK5_0) / (QK5_0/2);
+
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+    {
+        int qh;
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(&qh, x[ib].qh);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            q |= ((qh >> (idq + l)) & 0x00000001) << (8*l + 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    q = dpct::vectorized_binary<sycl::char4>(q, 0x10101010, dpct::sub_sat());
+
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) {
+        const sycl::half2 d = sycl::half2(x[ib].d);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((sycl::half2 *) dst)[l0 / 2] = d * sycl::half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]);
+        }
+    } else
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const float d = x[ib].d;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = d * q8[l];
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __dpct_inline__ void dequantize_V_q5_1(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
+    const block_q5_1 * x = (const block_q5_1 *) vx;
+
+    const int64_t ib    =  i0          /  QK5_1;
+    const int     idq   =  i0          %  QK5_1;
+    const int     iqs   =  i0          % (QK5_1/2);
+    const int     shift = (i0 % QK5_1) / (QK5_1/2);
+
+    int q;
+    static_assert(ne == 2 || ne == 4, "bad ne");
+    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne>(&q, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+    q >>= 4*shift;
+    q &= 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+    {
+        int qh;
+        ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne>(&qh, x[ib].qh);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            q |= ((qh >> (idq + l)) & 0x00000001) << (8*l + 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int8_t * q8 = (const int8_t *) &q;
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) {
+        const sycl::half2 dm = x[ib].dm;
+        const sycl::half2 d  = sycl::half2(dm[0]);
+        const sycl::half2 m  = sycl::half2(dm[1]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((sycl::half2 *) dst)[l0 / 2] = d * sycl::half2(q8[l0 + 0], q8[l0 + 1]) + m;
+        }
+    } else
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        const sycl::float2 dm = (x[ib].dm).template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = dm.x() * q8[l] + dm.y();
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "bad type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T, int ne>
+static __dpct_inline__ void dequantize_V_q8_0(const void * __restrict__ vx, void * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t i0) {
+    const block_q8_0 * x = (const block_q8_0 *) vx;
+
+    const int64_t ib  = i0 / QK8_0;
+    const int     iqs = i0 % QK8_0;
+
+    static_assert(ne % 2 == 0, "bad ne");
+    int8_t qs[ne];
+    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<ne, 2>(qs, x[ib].qs + iqs);
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<T, sycl::half>::value) {
+        const sycl::half2 d = sycl::half2(x[ib].d);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l0 = 0; l0 < ne; l0 += 2) {
+            ((sycl::half2 *) dst)[l0 / 2] = d * make_half2(qs[l0 + 0], qs[l0 + 1]);
+        }
+    } else
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<T, float>::value) {
+        const float d = x[ib].d;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int l = 0; l < ne; ++l) {
+            ((float *) dst)[l] = d * qs[l];
+        }
+    } else {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, void>, "unsupported type");
+    }
+}
+
+template <int type_K, int D, int nthreads, int warp_size>
+constexpr vec_dot_KQ_t get_vec_dot_KQ() {
+    if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_f16<D, nthreads>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_0<D, nthreads, warp_size>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q4_1<D, nthreads, warp_size>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_0<D, nthreads, warp_size>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q5_1<D, nthreads, warp_size>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_K == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        return vec_dot_fattn_vec_KQ_q8_0<D, nthreads, warp_size>;
+    } else {
+        static_assert(type_K == -1, "bad type");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+template <int type_V, typename T, int ne>
+constexpr dequantize_V_t get_dequantize_V() {
+    if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return dequantize_V_f16<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        return dequantize_V_q4_0<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1) {
+        return dequantize_V_q4_1<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0) {
+        return dequantize_V_q5_0<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1) {
+        return dequantize_V_q5_1<T, ne>;
+    } else if constexpr (type_V == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        return dequantize_V_q8_0<T, ne>;
+    } else {
+        static_assert(type_V == -1, "bad type");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+template <int ncols1, int warp_size>
+static void flash_attn_mask_to_KV_max(const sycl::half2 * __restrict__ mask,
+                                      int * __restrict__ KV_max,
+                                      const int ne30,
+                                      const int s31,
+                                      const int s33,
+                                      int *     buf_iw) {
+    auto      item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int ne31     = item_ct1.get_group_range(2);
+    const int tid      = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    const int sequence = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    const int jt       = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+
+    mask += sequence*s33 + jt*ncols1*s31;
+
+    if (tid < warp_size) {
+        buf_iw[tid] = 1;
+    }
+    item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+    int KV_max_sj = (ne30 - 1) * FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
+    for (; KV_max_sj >= 0; KV_max_sj -= FATTN_KQ_STRIDE) {
+        int all_inf = 1;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols1; ++j) {
+            const sycl::float2 tmp =
+                mask[j * s31 + KV_max_sj / 2 + tid].template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+            all_inf = all_inf && int(sycl::isinf((float) (tmp.x()))) && int(sycl::isinf((float) (tmp.y())));
+        }
+
+        all_inf = warp_reduce_all<warp_size>(all_inf);
+        if (tid % warp_size == 0) {
+            buf_iw[tid / warp_size] = all_inf;
+        }
+        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+        all_inf = buf_iw[tid % warp_size];
+        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+        all_inf = warp_reduce_all<warp_size>(all_inf);
+
+        if (!all_inf) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If the break in the loop was not triggered, KV_max_sj is now -FATTN_KQ_STRIDE.
+    // If the break was triggered it's the lower edge of the tile with the first non-masked values.
+    // In either case, walk back the decrementation by FATTN_KQ_STRIDE.
+    KV_max_sj += FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
+
+    if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    KV_max[sequence*ne31 + jt] = KV_max_sj;
+}
+
+template <int D, int ncols1, int ncols2>  // D == head size
+
+static void flash_attn_stream_k_fixup(float * __restrict__ dst,
+                                      const sycl::float2 * __restrict__ dst_fixup,
+                                      const int ne01,
+                                      const int ne02,
+                                      const int ne03,
+                                      const int ne11,
+                                      const int ne12,
+                                      const int nbatch_fa) {
+    auto          item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    constexpr int ncols    = ncols1 * ncols2;
+
+    const int bidx0 = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+    const int j     = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    const int c     = item_ct1.get_group(0);
+    const int jc    = j*ncols2 + c;
+    const int tid   = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+    const float * dst_fixup_data = ((const float *) dst_fixup) + item_ct1.get_group_range(2) * (2 * 2 * ncols);
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
+
+    const int iter_k     = (ne11      + (nbatch_fa - 1)) / nbatch_fa;
+    const int iter_j     = (ne01      + (ncols1    - 1)) / ncols1;
+    const int iter_z_gqa = (gqa_ratio + (ncols2    - 1)) / ncols2;
+
+    const int kbc0 = int64_t(bidx0 + 0) * (iter_k * iter_j * iter_z_gqa * ne12 * ne03) / item_ct1.get_group_range(2);
+    const int kbc0_stop =
+        int64_t(bidx0 + 1) * (iter_k * iter_j * iter_z_gqa * ne12 * ne03) / item_ct1.get_group_range(2);
+
+    const bool did_not_have_any_data   = kbc0 == kbc0_stop;
+    const bool wrote_beginning_of_tile = kbc0 % iter_k == 0;
+    const bool did_not_write_last      = kbc0/iter_k == kbc0_stop/iter_k && kbc0_stop % iter_k != 0;
+    if (did_not_have_any_data || wrote_beginning_of_tile || did_not_write_last) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // z_KV == K/V head index, zt_gqa = Q head start index per K/V head, jt = token position start index
+    const int sequence =  kbc0 /(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12);
+    const int z_KV     = (kbc0 - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence)/(iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa);
+    const int zt_gqa   = (kbc0 - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV)/(iter_k*iter_j);
+    const int jt       = (kbc0 - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa*ne12 * sequence - iter_k*iter_j*iter_z_gqa * z_KV - iter_k*iter_j * zt_gqa) / iter_k;
+
+    const int zt_Q = z_KV*gqa_ratio + zt_gqa*ncols2; // Global Q head start index.
+
+    if (jt*ncols1 + j >= ne01 || zt_gqa*ncols2 + c >= gqa_ratio) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dst += sequence*ne02*ne01*D + jt*ne02*(ncols1*D) + zt_Q*D + (j*ne02 + c)*D + tid;
+
+    // Load the partial result that needs a fixup:
+    float dst_val = 0.0f;
+    float max_val = 0.0f;
+    float rowsum  = 0.0f;
+    {
+        dst_val = *dst;
+
+        const sycl::float2 tmp = dst_fixup[bidx0 * ncols + jc];
+        max_val                = tmp.x();
+        rowsum                 = tmp.y();
+    }
+
+    // Iterate over previous blocks and compute the combined results.
+    // All SYCL blocks that get here must have a previous block that needs a fixup.
+    int bidx = bidx0 - 1;
+    int kbc_stop = kbc0;
+    while(true) {
+        const int kbc = int64_t(bidx) * (iter_k * iter_j * iter_z_gqa * ne12 * ne03) / item_ct1.get_group_range(2);
+        if (kbc == kbc_stop) { // Did not have any data.
+            bidx--;
+            kbc_stop = kbc;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const float dst_add = dst_fixup_data[bidx*ncols*D + jc*D + tid];
+
+        const sycl::float2 tmp = dst_fixup[(item_ct1.get_group_range(2) + bidx) * ncols + jc];
+
+        // Scale the current and new value accumulators depending on the max. values.
+        const float max_val_new = sycl::fmax(max_val, tmp.x());
+
+        const float diff_val = max_val - max_val_new;
+        const float diff_add = tmp.x() - max_val_new;
+
+        const float scale_val = diff_val >= SOFTMAX_FTZ_THRESHOLD ? sycl::native::exp(diff_val) : 0.0f;
+        const float scale_add = diff_add >= SOFTMAX_FTZ_THRESHOLD ? sycl::native::exp(diff_add) : 0.0f;
+
+        dst_val = scale_val*dst_val + scale_add*dst_add;
+        rowsum  = scale_val * rowsum + scale_add * tmp.y();
+
+        max_val = max_val_new;
+
+        // If this block started in a previous tile we are done and don't need to combine additional partial results.
+        if (kbc % iter_k == 0 || kbc/iter_k < kbc0/iter_k) {
+            break;
+        }
+        bidx--;
+        kbc_stop = kbc;
+    }
+
+    // Write back final result:
+    *dst = dst_val / rowsum;
+}
+
+template <int D>  // D == head size
+
+static void flash_attn_combine_results(const float * __restrict__ VKQ_parts,
+                                       const sycl::float2 * __restrict__ VKQ_meta,
+                                       float * __restrict__ dst,
+                                       const int parallel_blocks,
+                                       uint8_t * dpct_local) {
+    // Dimension 0: threadIdx.x
+    // Dimension 1: blockIdx.x
+    // Dimension 2: blockIdx.y
+    // Dimension 3: blockIdx.z
+    // Memory layout is permuted with [0, 2, 1, 3]
+
+    auto      item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int ne01     = item_ct1.get_group_range(2);
+    const int ne02     = item_ct1.get_group_range(1);
+
+    const int col      = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+    const int head     = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    const int sequence = item_ct1.get_group(0);
+
+    const int j_dst_unrolled = (sequence*ne01 + col)*ne02 + head;
+
+    VKQ_parts += j_dst_unrolled * parallel_blocks*D;
+    VKQ_meta  += j_dst_unrolled * parallel_blocks;
+    dst       += j_dst_unrolled *                 D;
+
+    const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    __builtin_assume(tid < D);
+
+    auto meta = (sycl::float2 *) dpct_local;
+    for (int i = tid; i < 2*parallel_blocks; i += D) {
+        ((float *) meta)[i] = ((const float *)VKQ_meta) [i];
+    }
+
+    item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+    float kqmax = meta[0].x();
+    for (int l = 1; l < parallel_blocks; ++l) {
+        kqmax = sycl::max(kqmax, meta[l].x());
+    }
+
+    float VKQ_numerator   = 0.0f;
+    float VKQ_denominator = 0.0f;
+    for (int l = 0; l < parallel_blocks; ++l) {
+        const float KQ_max_scale = sycl::native::exp(meta[l].x() - kqmax);
+
+        VKQ_numerator   += KQ_max_scale * VKQ_parts[l*D + tid];
+        VKQ_denominator += KQ_max_scale * meta[l].y();
+    }
+
+    dst[tid] = VKQ_numerator / VKQ_denominator;
+}
+
+template <fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel, int warp_size>
+static void lauch_kernel(
+    dpct::dim3 group_range,
+    dpct::dim3 local_range,
+    queue_ptr q,
+    unsigned int local_mem_size,
+    const char* __restrict__ Q,
+    const char* __restrict__ K,
+    const char* __restrict__ V,
+    const char* __restrict__ mask,
+    const char* __restrict__ sinks,
+    const int* __restrict__ KV_max,
+    float* __restrict__ dst,
+    sycl::float2* __restrict__ dst_meta,
+    const float scale,
+    const float max_bias,
+    const float m0,
+    const float m1,
+    const uint32_t n_head_log2,
+    const float logit_softcap,
+    const int32_t ne00,
+    const sycl::uint3 ne01,
+    const int32_t ne02,
+    const int32_t ne03,
+    const int32_t nb01,
+    const int32_t nb02,
+    const int32_t nb03,
+    const int32_t ne10,
+    const int32_t ne11,
+    const int32_t ne12,
+    const int32_t ne13,
+    const int32_t nb11,
+    const int32_t nb12,
+    const int64_t nb13,
+    const int32_t nb21,
+    const int32_t nb22,
+    const int64_t nb23,
+    const int32_t ne31,
+    const int32_t ne32,
+    const int32_t ne33,
+    const int32_t nb31,
+    const int32_t nb32,
+    const int64_t nb33) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(local_mem_size);
+    q->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+        cgh.parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(
+                static_cast<sycl::range<3>>(group_range * local_range),
+                static_cast<sycl::range<3>>(local_range)),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(warp_size)]] {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                fattn_kernel(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+                             max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap, ne00,
+                             ne01, ne02, ne03, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11,
+                             ne12, ne13, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb21, nb22, nb23,
+                             ne31, ne32, ne33, nb31, nb32, nb33);
+            });
+    });
+}
+
+template <int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel, int warp_size>
+void launch_fattn(
+    ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, const int nwarps, const size_t nbytes_shared,
+    const int nbatch_fa, const bool need_f16_K, const bool need_f16_V, const bool stream_k) {
+
+    constexpr int ncols = ncols1 * ncols2;
+
+    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * K = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
+
+    const bool V_is_K_view = V->view_src && (V->view_src == K || (V->view_src == K->view_src && V->view_offs == K->view_offs));
+
+    const ggml_tensor * mask  = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * sinks = dst->src[4];
+
+    ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(Q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(KQV->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(Q->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(Q));
+    GGML_ASSERT(K->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(K));
+    GGML_ASSERT(V->nb[0] == ggml_element_size(V));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!mask || mask->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+
+    ggml_sycl_pool & pool = ctx.pool();
+    dpct::queue_ptr  main_stream = ctx.stream();
+    const int id  = ggml_sycl_get_device();
+    const int nsm = ggml_sycl_info().devices[id].nsm;
+
+    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<sycl::half>   K_f16(pool);
+    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<sycl::half>   V_f16(pool);
+    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<int>    KV_max(pool);
+    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<float>  dst_tmp(pool);
+    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<sycl::float2> dst_tmp_meta(pool);
+
+    const char * K_data = (const char *) K->data;
+    size_t nb11 = K->nb[1];
+    size_t nb12 = K->nb[2];
+    size_t nb13 = K->nb[3];
+
+    const char * V_data = (const char *) V->data;
+    size_t nb21 = V->nb[1];
+    size_t nb22 = V->nb[2];
+    size_t nb23 = V->nb[3];
+
+    if (need_f16_K && K->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        const size_t bs = ggml_blck_size(K->type);
+        const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(K->type);
+
+        K_f16.alloc(ggml_nelements(K));
+        if (ggml_is_contiguously_allocated(K)) {
+            to_fp16_sycl_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_sycl(K->type, dst);
+            to_fp16(K_data, K_f16.ptr, ggml_nelements(K), main_stream);
+
+            nb11 = nb11 * bs * sizeof(sycl::half) / ts;
+            nb12 = nb12 * bs * sizeof(sycl::half) / ts;
+            nb13 = nb13 * bs * sizeof(sycl::half) / ts;
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(K->nb[0] == ts);
+            to_fp16_nc_sycl_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(K->type);
+            const int64_t s01 = nb11 / ts;
+            const int64_t s02 = nb12 / ts;
+            const int64_t s03 = nb13 / ts;
+            to_fp16(K_data, K_f16.ptr, K->ne[0], K->ne[1], K->ne[2], K->ne[3], s01, s02, s03, main_stream);
+
+            nb11 = K->ne[0] * sizeof(sycl::half);
+            nb12 = K->ne[1] * nb11;
+            nb13 = K->ne[2] * nb12;
+        }
+        K_data = (char *) K_f16.ptr;
+    }
+
+    if (need_f16_V && V->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        if (V_is_K_view) {
+            V_data = K_data;
+            nb21   = nb11;
+            nb22   = nb12;
+            nb23   = nb13;
+        } else {
+            const size_t bs = ggml_blck_size(V->type);
+            const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(V->type);
+
+            V_f16.alloc(ggml_nelements(V));
+            if (ggml_is_contiguously_allocated(V)) {
+                to_fp16_sycl_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_sycl(V->type, dst);
+                to_fp16(V_data, V_f16.ptr, ggml_nelements(V), main_stream);
+                V_data = (char *) V_f16.ptr;
+
+                nb21 = nb21 * bs * sizeof(sycl::half) / ts;
+                nb22 = nb22 * bs * sizeof(sycl::half) / ts;
+                nb23 = nb23 * bs * sizeof(sycl::half) / ts;
+            } else {
+                GGML_ASSERT(V->nb[0] == ts);
+                to_fp16_nc_sycl_t to_fp16 = ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(V->type);
+                const int64_t s01 = nb21 / ts;
+                const int64_t s02 = nb22 / ts;
+                const int64_t s03 = nb23 / ts;
+                to_fp16(V_data, V_f16.ptr, V->ne[0], V->ne[1], V->ne[2], V->ne[3], s01, s02, s03, main_stream);
+
+                nb21 = V->ne[0] * sizeof(sycl::half);
+                nb22 = V->ne[1] * nb21;
+                nb23 = V->ne[2] * nb22;
+            }
+            V_data = (char *) V_f16.ptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int ntiles_x     = ((Q->ne[1] + ncols1 - 1) / ncols1);
+    const int gqa_ratio    = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
+    const int ntiles_z_gqa = ((gqa_ratio + ncols2 - 1) / ncols2);
+    const int ntiles_total = ntiles_x * ntiles_z_gqa * K->ne[2] * Q->ne[3];
+
+    // Optional optimization where the mask is scanned to determine whether part of the calculation can be skipped.
+    // Only worth the overhead if there is at lease one FATTN_KQ_STRIDE x FATTN_KQ_STRIDE square to be skipped or
+    //     multiple sequences of possibly different lengths.
+    if (mask && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && (Q->ne[1] >= 1024 || Q->ne[3] > 1)) {
+        const int s31 = mask->nb[1] / sizeof(sycl::half2);
+        const int s33 = mask->nb[3] / sizeof(sycl::half2);
+
+        const dpct::dim3 blocks_num_KV_max(ntiles_x, Q->ne[3], 1);
+        const dpct::dim3 block_dim_KV_max(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE / 2, 1, 1);
+
+        const int ne_KV_max = blocks_num_KV_max.x*blocks_num_KV_max.y;
+        const int iter_k = K->ne[1] / FATTN_KQ_STRIDE;
+
+        KV_max.alloc(ne_KV_max);
+        {
+            dpct::has_capability_or_fail(main_stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
+
+            main_stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+                sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> buf_iw_acc_ct1(sycl::range<1>(warp_size), cgh);
+
+                auto mask_data_ct0  = (const sycl::half2 *) mask->data;
+                auto KV_max_ptr_ct1 = KV_max.ptr;
+
+                cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(blocks_num_KV_max * block_dim_KV_max, block_dim_KV_max),
+                                 [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                     GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                                     flash_attn_mask_to_KV_max<ncols1, warp_size>(
+                                         mask_data_ct0, KV_max_ptr_ct1, iter_k, s31, s33,
+                                         buf_iw_acc_ct1.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get());
+                                 });
+            });
+        }
+        SYCL_CHECK(0);
+    }
+
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dim(warp_size, nwarps, 1);
+
+    // Max. number of active blocks limited by occupancy.
+    int max_blocks_per_sm = ggml_sycl_info().devices[id].max_wg_per_cu;
+    int parallel_blocks = max_blocks_per_sm;
+    dpct::dim3 blocks_num;
+    if (stream_k) {
+        // For short contexts it can be faster to have the SMs work on whole tiles because this lets us skip the fixup.
+        const int max_blocks = max_blocks_per_sm*nsm;
+        const int nblocks_stream_k = max_blocks;
+        const bool use_stream_k = true;
+
+        blocks_num.x = use_stream_k ? nblocks_stream_k : ntiles_total;
+        blocks_num.y = 1;
+        blocks_num.z = 1;
+
+        if (ntiles_total % blocks_num.x != 0) { // Fixup is only needed if the SMs work on fractional tiles.
+            dst_tmp_meta.alloc((size_t(blocks_num.x) * ncols * (2 + DV/2)));
+        }
+    } else {
+        const int ntiles_KQ = (K->ne[1] + nbatch_fa - 1) / nbatch_fa; // Max. number of parallel blocks limited by tensor size.
+
+        // parallel_blocks must not be larger than what the tensor size allows:
+        parallel_blocks = std::min(parallel_blocks, ntiles_KQ);
+        // todo fix the hard code change
+        // parallel_blocks = ntiles_KQ;
+
+        // If ntiles_total % blocks_per_wave != 0 then some efficiency is lost due to tail effects.
+        // Test whether parallel_blocks can be set to a higher value for better efficiency.
+        const int blocks_per_wave = nsm * max_blocks_per_sm;
+        int nwaves_best = 0;
+        int efficiency_percent_best = 0;
+        for (int parallel_blocks_test = parallel_blocks; parallel_blocks_test <= ntiles_KQ; ++parallel_blocks_test) {
+            const int nblocks_total = ntiles_total * parallel_blocks_test;
+            const int nwaves = (nblocks_total + blocks_per_wave - 1) / blocks_per_wave;
+            const int efficiency_percent = 100 * nblocks_total / (nwaves*blocks_per_wave);
+
+            // Stop trying configurations with more waves if we already have good efficiency to avoid excessive overhead.
+            if (efficiency_percent_best >= 95 && nwaves > nwaves_best) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (efficiency_percent > efficiency_percent_best) {
+                nwaves_best = nwaves;
+                efficiency_percent_best = efficiency_percent;
+                parallel_blocks = parallel_blocks_test;
+            }
+        }
+
+        blocks_num.x = ntiles_x;
+        blocks_num.y = parallel_blocks;
+        blocks_num.z = ntiles_z_gqa*K->ne[2]*Q->ne[3];
+
+        if (parallel_blocks > 1) {
+            dst_tmp.alloc(parallel_blocks*ggml_nelements(KQV));
+            dst_tmp_meta.alloc(parallel_blocks*ggml_nrows(KQV));
+        }
+    }
+
+    float scale         = 1.0f;
+    float max_bias      = 0.0f;
+    float logit_softcap = 0.0f;
+
+    memcpy(&scale,         (const float *) KQV->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias,      (const float *) KQV->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+        scale /= logit_softcap;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t n_head      = Q->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << uint32_t(floorf(log2f(float(n_head))));
+
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+    // TODO other tensor dimensions after removal of WMMA kernel:
+    const sycl::uint3 ne01 = init_fastdiv_values(Q->ne[1]);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(block_dim.x % warp_size == 0);
+
+    lauch_kernel<fattn_kernel, warp_size>(
+        blocks_num, block_dim, main_stream, (unsigned int) nbytes_shared, (const char *) Q->data, K_data, V_data,
+        mask ? ((const char *) mask->data) : nullptr, sinks ? ((const char *) sinks->data) : nullptr, KV_max.ptr,
+        !stream_k && parallel_blocks > 1 ? dst_tmp.ptr : (float *) KQV->data, (sycl::float2 *)dst_tmp_meta.ptr, scale, max_bias, m0, m1,
+        n_head_log2, logit_softcap, Q->ne[0], ne01, Q->ne[2], Q->ne[3], Q->nb[1], Q->nb[2], Q->nb[3], K->ne[0],
+        K->ne[1], K->ne[2], K->ne[3], nb11, nb12, nb13, nb21, nb22, nb23, mask ? mask->ne[1] : 0,
+        mask ? mask->ne[2] : 0, mask ? mask->ne[3] : 0, mask ? mask->nb[1] : 0, mask ? mask->nb[2] : 0,
+        mask ? mask->nb[3] : 0);
+    SYCL_CHECK(0);
+
+    if (stream_k) {
+        if (ntiles_total % blocks_num.x != 0) { // Fixup is only needed if the SMs work on fractional tiles.
+            const dpct::dim3 block_dim_combine(DV, 1, 1);
+            const dpct::dim3 blocks_num_combine = { blocks_num.x, ncols1, ncols2 };
+
+            main_stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+                auto KQV_data_ct0         = (float *) KQV->data;
+                auto dst_tmp_meta_ptr_ct1 = dst_tmp_meta.ptr;
+                auto Q_ne_ct2             = Q->ne[1];
+                auto Q_ne_ct3             = Q->ne[2];
+                auto Q_ne_ct4             = Q->ne[3];
+                auto K_ne_ct5             = K->ne[1];
+                auto K_ne_ct6             = K->ne[2];
+
+                cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(blocks_num_combine * block_dim_combine, block_dim_combine),
+                                 [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                     GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                                     flash_attn_stream_k_fixup<DV, ncols1, ncols2>(KQV_data_ct0, dst_tmp_meta_ptr_ct1,
+                                                                                   Q_ne_ct2, Q_ne_ct3, Q_ne_ct4,
+                                                                                   K_ne_ct5, K_ne_ct6, nbatch_fa);
+                                 });
+            });
+        }
+    } else if (parallel_blocks > 1) {
+        const dpct::dim3 block_dim_combine(DV, 1, 1);
+        const dpct::dim3 blocks_num_combine(Q->ne[1], Q->ne[2], Q->ne[3]);
+        const size_t     nbytes_shared_combine = parallel_blocks * sizeof(sycl::float2);
+        main_stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> dpct_local_acc_ct1(sycl::range<1>(nbytes_shared_combine), cgh);
+
+            auto dst_tmp_ptr_ct0      = dst_tmp.ptr;
+            auto dst_tmp_meta_ptr_ct1 = dst_tmp_meta.ptr;
+            auto KQV_data_ct2         = (float *) KQV->data;
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(blocks_num_combine * block_dim_combine, block_dim_combine),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                                 GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                                 flash_attn_combine_results<DV>(
+                                     dst_tmp_ptr_ct0, dst_tmp_meta_ptr_ct1, KQV_data_ct2, parallel_blocks,
+                                     dpct_local_acc_ct1.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get());
+                             });
+        });
+    }
+    SYCL_CHECK(0);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-tile.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-tile.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d4f019cf51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-tile.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include <sycl/ext/oneapi/work_group_static.hpp>
+#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "fattn-common.hpp"
+#include "fattn-tile.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <float.h>
+namespace syclex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
+
+void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * K = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
+    switch (K->ne[0]) {
+        case  40: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 40,  40>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  64: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 64,  64>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  72: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 72,  72>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  80: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 80,  80>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case  96: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 96,  96>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 112: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<112, 112>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 128: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<128, 128>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 256: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<256, 256>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 576: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == 512);
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case<576, 512>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        default: {
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported head size");
+        } break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-tile.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-tile.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29fd0f8c9ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-tile.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1338 @@
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include <sycl/ext/oneapi/work_group_static.hpp>
+#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "fattn-common.hpp"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <float.h>
+
+namespace syclex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
+
+#define GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(DKQ_, DV_, ncols_, nthreads, occupancy, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K) \
+    if (DKQ == (DKQ_) && DV == (DV_) && ncols == (ncols_)) {                                          \
+        static_assert((nthreads)          <= 512, "bad nthreads");                                    \
+        static_assert((occupancy)         <=   8, "bad occupancy");                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_fa)         <= 256, "bad nbatch_fa");                                   \
+        static_assert((nbatch_K)          <= 256, "bad nbatch_K");                                    \
+        return ((nthreads) << 0) | ((occupancy) << 10) | ((nbatch_fa) << 14) | ((nbatch_K) << 23);    \
+    }                                                                                                 \
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_fp16(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2,  64, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  64,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  64,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  64,  48)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  64,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  64,  56)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2,  64, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2,  64, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_fp32(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4, 128, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 3,  32, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 128, 3,  64, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 128, 3,  32, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 128, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 256, 2,  32, 256)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 2,  32, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 2,  32,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 2,  32,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_amd(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2,  64, 3,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4, 128, 3,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 2,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 64, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 64, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 64, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 64, 256, 2,  64,  32)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 256, 2,  64, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 2,  32, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 2,  32, 128)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 512, 1, 128,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_amd_rdna(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 40,  40, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  2,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  4,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64,  8, 128, 5, 128,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 128, 5, 128,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 128, 4,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 128, 5,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 64, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 16, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 32, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80, 64, 256, 2,  32,  40)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  2,  64, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  4, 128, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96,  8, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 16, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 32, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 96,  96, 64, 256, 2,  32,  48)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  2,  64, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  4, 128, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112,  8, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 16, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 32, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(112, 112, 64, 256, 2,  32,  56)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  2,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  4, 128, 8,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128,  8, 128, 8,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 16, 256, 3, 128, 128)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 32, 256, 3, 128,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(128, 128, 64, 256, 3,  64,  64)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  2,  64, 8,  32,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  4, 128, 6,  32, 256)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256,  8, 128, 6,  32, 256)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 16, 256, 5,  32, 256)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(256, 256, 32, 256, 3,  64, 128)
+
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  4, 128, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512,  8, 256, 2,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 16, 256, 4,  64,  64)
+    GGML_SYCL_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE(576, 512, 32, 256, 2, 128,  64)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    if(fast_fp16_available(cc))
+        return ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_fp16(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+    else
+        return ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_fp32(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+}
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+    return ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_fp16(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#else
+    return ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config_fp32(DKQ, DV, ncols);
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+}
+
+static int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 0) & ((1 << 10) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 0) & ((1 << 10) - 1);
+}
+
+static int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_occupancy(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 10) & ((1 << 4) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_occupancy(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 10) & ((1 << 4) - 1);
+}
+
+static int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 14) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 14) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+static int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_K(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols, const int cc) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols, cc) >> 23) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+static constexpr int ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_K(const int DKQ, const int DV, const int ncols) {
+    return (ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols) >> 23) & ((1 << 9) - 1);
+}
+
+template <int warp_size, int nwarps, int I, int J, int J_padding, bool oob_check>
+static __dpct_inline__ void flash_attn_tile_load_tile(const sycl::half2 * const __restrict__ KV,
+                                                      sycl::half2 * const __restrict__ tile_KV,
+                                                      const int stride_KV,
+                                                      const int i_sup) {
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    auto load = [&] (const int n) {
+        auto      item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+        const int stride_j = warp_size >> n;
+
+        if (stride_j == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const int j0_start = stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : ((J/2)/cpy_ne) - ((J/2)/cpy_ne) % (2*stride_j);
+        const int j0_stop  =                             ((J/2)/cpy_ne) - ((J/2)/cpy_ne) % (1*stride_j);
+        const int stride_i = warp_size / stride_j;
+
+        if (j0_start == j0_stop) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < I; i0 += nwarps*stride_i) {
+            const int i = i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1) * stride_i +
+                          (stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / stride_j);
+
+            if (i0 + nwarps*stride_i <= I || i < I) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = j0_start; j0 < j0_stop; j0 += stride_j) {
+                    const int j = j0 * cpy_ne + (stride_j == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) :
+                                                                         item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % stride_j) *
+                                                    cpy_ne;
+
+                    const __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 zero[cpy_ne] = {
+                        { 0.0f, 0.0f }
+                    };
+                    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(
+                        tile_KV + i*(J/2 + J_padding) + j,
+                        !oob_check || i < i_sup ? KV + i*stride_KV + j : zero);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    // 1: max 64*16=512 bytes, 512 half
+    // 2: max 32*16=512 bytes, 256 half
+    // 3: max 16*16=256 bytes, 128 half
+    // 4: max  8*16=128 bytes,  64 half
+    // 5: max  4*16= 64 bytes,  32 half
+    // 6: max  2*16= 32 bytes,  16 half
+    // 7: max  1*16= 16 bytes,   8 half
+    static_assert(J % 8 == 0, "bad J");
+    static_assert((J/2) % cpy_ne == 0, "bad J");
+    ggml_sycl_unroll<7>{}(load);
+}
+
+template <int warp_size, int nwarps, int I, int J, int J_padding, bool oob_check>
+static __dpct_inline__ void flash_attn_tile_load_tile(const sycl::half2 * const __restrict__ KV,
+                                                      float * const __restrict__ tile_KV,
+                                                      const int stride_KV,
+                                                      const int i_sup) {
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    auto load = [&] (const int n) {
+        auto      item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+        const int stride_j = warp_size >> n;
+
+        if (stride_j == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const int j0_start = stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : (J/cpy_ne) - (J/cpy_ne) % (2*stride_j);
+        const int j0_stop  =                             (J/cpy_ne) - (J/cpy_ne) % (1*stride_j);
+        const int stride_i = warp_size / stride_j;
+
+        if (j0_start == j0_stop) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < I; i0 += nwarps*stride_i) {
+            const int i = i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1) * stride_i +
+                          (stride_j == warp_size ? 0 : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / stride_j);
+
+            if (i0 + nwarps*stride_i <= I || i < I) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = j0_start; j0 < j0_stop; j0 += stride_j) {
+                    const int j = j0 * (cpy_ne / 2) + (stride_j == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) :
+                                                                               item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % stride_j) *
+                                                          (cpy_ne / 2);
+
+                    const sycl::half2 zero[cpy_ne / 2] = {
+                        { 0.0f, 0.0f }
+                    };
+                    __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 tmp_h2[cpy_ne / 2];
+                    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_h2)>(
+                        tmp_h2, !oob_check || i < i_sup ? KV + i*stride_KV + j : zero);
+
+                    __dpct_align__(16) sycl::float2 tmp_f2[cpy_ne / 2];
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int l = 0; l < cpy_ne/2; ++l) {
+                        tmp_f2[l] = tmp_h2[l].template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+                    }
+                    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_f2)>(tile_KV + i*(J + J_padding) + 2*j, tmp_f2);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    // 1: max 32*16=512 bytes, 128 float
+    // 2: max 16*16=256 bytes,  64 float
+    // 3: max  8*16=128 bytes,  32 float
+    // 4: max  4*16= 64 bytes,  16 float
+    // 5: max  2*16= 32 bytes,   8 float
+    static_assert(J % 8 == 0, "bad J");
+    static_assert(J % cpy_ne == 0, "bad J");
+    ggml_sycl_unroll<5>{}(load);
+}
+
+// Function that performs a single iteration in for the KQ matrix multiplication:
+template <int  warp_size,
+          int  nwarps,
+          int  ncols1,
+          int  ncols2,
+          int  DKQ,
+          int  nbatch_fa,
+          int  nbatch_K,
+          bool use_logit_softcap,
+          bool oob_check,
+          typename T_vec_dot>
+static __dpct_inline__ void flash_attn_tile_iter_KQ(T_vec_dot * const Q_tmp,
+                                                    const sycl::half2 * const __restrict__ K_h2,
+                                                    T_vec_dot * const KV_tmp,
+                                                    const int         stride_K2,
+                                                    const int         k_VKQ_0,
+                                                    const int         k_VKQ_sup,
+                                                    const int         k_KQ_0,
+                                                    float *           KQ_acc) {
+    auto          item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    constexpr int cpy_nb   = ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    constexpr int ncols = ncols1*ncols2;
+    constexpr int cpw   = ncols > nwarps ? ncols/nwarps : 1; // Q columns per warp
+    constexpr int np    = nwarps > ncols ? nwarps/ncols : 1; // number of parallel warps per Q column
+
+    flash_attn_tile_load_tile<warp_size, nwarps, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, cpy_ne, oob_check>
+        (K_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0)*stride_K2 + k_KQ_0/2, KV_tmp, stride_K2, k_VKQ_sup);
+    item_ct1.barrier();
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+    static_assert((nbatch_K/2) % cpy_ne == 0, "bad nbatch_K");
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < nbatch_K/2; k_KQ_1 += cpy_ne) {
+        __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 K_k[nbatch_fa / (np * warp_size)][cpy_ne];
+        __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 Q_k[cpw][cpy_ne];
+#else
+    static_assert(nbatch_K % cpy_ne == 0, "bad nbatch_K");
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < nbatch_K; k_KQ_1 += cpy_ne) {
+        __dpct_align__(16) float K_k[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size)][cpy_ne];
+        __dpct_align__(16) float Q_k[cpw][cpy_ne];
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_0 += np*warp_size) {
+            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * warp_size + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&K_k[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)], &KV_tmp[i_KQ*(nbatch_K/2 + cpy_ne) + k_KQ_1]);
+#else
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&K_k[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)], &KV_tmp[i_KQ*(nbatch_K   + cpy_ne) + k_KQ_1]);
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+            const int jc = jc0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np) * cpw;
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_k[jc0], &Q_tmp[jc*(DKQ/2) + k_KQ_0/2 + k_KQ_1]);
+#else
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_k[jc0], &Q_tmp[jc* DKQ    + k_KQ_0   + k_KQ_1]);
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_0 += np*warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int k = 0; k < cpy_ne; ++k) {
+                    ggml_sycl_mad(KQ_acc[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)*cpw + jc0], K_k[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)][k], Q_k[jc0][k]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (k_KQ_0 + nbatch_K < DKQ) {
+        item_ct1.barrier();  // Sync not needed on last iteration.
+    }
+}
+
+// Function that performs a single iteration of the main loop over up to nbatch_fa tokens.
+template <int  warp_size,
+          int  nwarps,
+          int  ncols1,
+          int  ncols2,
+          int  DKQ,
+          int  DV,
+          int  nbatch_fa,
+          int  nbatch_K,
+          bool use_logit_softcap,
+          bool oob_check,
+          typename T_vec_dot,
+          typename T_KQ,
+          typename T_acc>
+/*
+The total declared local variable size in device function flash_attn_tile_iter exceeds 128 bytes and may cause high register pressure. Consult with your hardware vendor to find the total register size available and adjust the code, or use smaller sub-group size to avoid high register pressure.
+*/
+static __dpct_inline__ void flash_attn_tile_iter(T_vec_dot * const Q_tmp,
+                                                 const sycl::half2 * const __restrict__ K_h2,
+                                                 const sycl::half2 * const __restrict__ V_h2,
+                                                 const sycl::half * const __restrict__ mask,
+                                                 const sycl::uint3 ne01,
+                                                 const float       logit_softcap,
+                                                 const float       slope,
+                                                 T_KQ * const      KQ,
+                                                 T_vec_dot * const KV_tmp,
+                                                 const int         stride_K2,
+                                                 const int         stride_V2,
+                                                 const int         stride_mask,
+                                                 float * const     KQ_max,
+                                                 float * const     KQ_sum,
+                                                 T_acc * const     VKQ,
+                                                 const int         k_VKQ_0,
+                                                 const int         k_VKQ_max,
+                                                 const int         col_Q_0,
+                                                 float *           KQ_max_new_shared) {
+    auto          item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    constexpr int cpy_nb   = ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    constexpr int ncols = ncols1*ncols2;
+    constexpr int cpw   = ncols > nwarps ? ncols/nwarps : 1; // Q columns per warp
+    constexpr int np    = nwarps > ncols ? nwarps/ncols : 1; // number of parallel warps per Q column
+
+    constexpr int DVp = (DV + 2*warp_size - 1) & ~(2*warp_size - 1); // DV padded to multiple of 2*warp_size.
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+    constexpr int KQ_cs = cpw < 2*cpy_ne ? cpw : 2*cpy_ne;
+#else
+    constexpr int KQ_cs = cpw < 1*cpy_ne ? cpw : 1*cpy_ne;
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+    static_assert(cpw % KQ_cs == 0, "bad KQ_cs");
+    const int k_VKQ_sup = k_VKQ_max - k_VKQ_0; // k supremum, only smaller k values have valid KV data
+
+    float KQ_max_new[cpw];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        KQ_max_new[jc0] = KQ_max[jc0];
+    }
+
+    float KQ_acc[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size) * cpw] = {0.0f}; // Accumulators for KQ matrix multiplication.
+
+    // KQ = K @ Q matrix multiplication:
+    constexpr int nbatch_K_last = DKQ % nbatch_K;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < DKQ - nbatch_K_last; k_KQ_0 += nbatch_K) {
+        flash_attn_tile_iter_KQ<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap, oob_check>(
+            Q_tmp, K_h2, KV_tmp, stride_K2, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_sup, k_KQ_0, KQ_acc);
+    }
+    if (nbatch_K_last > 0) {
+        constexpr int k_KQ_0 = DKQ - nbatch_K_last;
+        flash_attn_tile_iter_KQ<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K_last, use_logit_softcap, oob_check>(
+            Q_tmp, K_h2, KV_tmp, stride_K2, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_sup, k_KQ_0, KQ_acc);
+    }
+
+    // Apply logit softcap + mask, update KQ_max:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        const int j = fastmodulo(col_Q_0 + (jc0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np) * cpw) / ncols2, ne01);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nbatch_fa; i_KQ_0 += np*warp_size) {
+            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * warp_size + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+#if defined(SYCL_FAST_FP16) && !defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
+            // Without the v_dot2_f32_f16 instruction there is a higher risk of numerical overflow in the KQ calculation.
+            // Therefore, scale down Q values and apply the inverse scale the FP32 KQ values afterwards again.
+            KQ_acc[i_KQ_0/(np*warp_size)*cpw + jc0] *= 4.0f;
+#endif // defined(SYCL_FAST_FP16) && !defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
+
+            if (use_logit_softcap) {
+                KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0 / (np * warp_size)) * cpw + jc0] =
+                    logit_softcap * sycl::tanh((float) KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0 / (np * warp_size)) * cpw + jc0]);
+            }
+
+            if (!oob_check || i_KQ < k_VKQ_sup) {
+                KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0 / (np * warp_size)) * cpw + jc0] +=
+                    (ncols2 > 1 || mask) ? slope * sycl::vec<sycl::half, 1>(mask[j * stride_mask + k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ])
+                                                       .convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0] :
+                                           0.0f;
+
+                KQ_max_new[jc0] =
+                    sycl::fmax((float) KQ_max_new[jc0],
+                               (float) (KQ_acc[(i_KQ_0 / (np * warp_size)) * cpw + jc0] + FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET));
+            }
+        }
+
+        KQ_max_new[jc0] = warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(KQ_max_new[jc0]);
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (np == 1) {
+        item_ct1.barrier();
+    } else {
+        static_assert(cpw == 1, "bad cpw");
+
+        if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) == 0) {
+            KQ_max_new_shared[item_ct1.get_local_id(1)] = KQ_max_new[0];
+        }
+        item_ct1.barrier();
+        KQ_max_new[0] = KQ_max_new_shared[(item_ct1.get_local_id(1) & ~(np - 1)) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % np];
+        KQ_max_new[0] = warp_reduce_max<np>(KQ_max_new[0]);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate KQ softmax, write to shared KQ buffer, re-scale VKQ accumulators:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; jc0 += KQ_cs) {
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half tmp[nbatch_fa / (np * warp_size)][KQ_cs];
+#else
+        __dpct_align__(16) float tmp[nbatch_fa/(np*warp_size)][KQ_cs];
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int jc1 = 0; jc1 < KQ_cs; ++jc1) {
+            const int jc = jc0 + jc1;
+
+            const float KQ_max_scale = sycl::native::exp((float) (KQ_max[jc] - KQ_max_new[jc]));
+            KQ_max[jc] = KQ_max_new[jc];
+
+            float KQ_sum_add = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += np*warp_size) {
+                const float val =
+                    !oob_check || i0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * warp_size + item_ct1.get_local_id(2) <
+                                      static_cast<uint32_t>(k_VKQ_sup) ?
+                        sycl::native::exp((float) (KQ_acc[(i0 / (np * warp_size)) * cpw + jc] - KQ_max[jc])) :
+                        0.0f;
+                KQ_sum_add += val;
+                tmp[i0/(np*warp_size)][jc1] = val;
+            }
+            KQ_sum[jc] = KQ_sum[jc]*KQ_max_scale + KQ_sum_add;
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+            const sycl::half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = sycl::half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x() *= KQ_max_scale_h2.x();
+                VKQ[jc*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y() *= KQ_max_scale_h2.y();
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x() *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[jc*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y() *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nbatch_fa; i0 += np*warp_size) {
+            const int i = i0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * warp_size + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp[0])>(
+                KQ + (jc0 / KQ_cs + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np) * (cpw / KQ_cs)) * (nbatch_fa * KQ_cs) + i * KQ_cs,
+                tmp[i0 / (np * warp_size)]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // VKQ = V @ KQ matrix multiplication:
+    static_assert(DV <= DKQ, "bad DV");
+    static_assert(DV % nbatch_K == 0 || (nbatch_K % 3 == 0 && DV % (nbatch_K*2/3) == 0), "bad nbatch_K");
+    constexpr int nbatch_V = (DV % nbatch_K == 0 ? nbatch_K : nbatch_K*2/3) * nbatch_fa / DV; // Number of V columns that fit in SRAM for K.
+    static_assert(nbatch_fa % nbatch_V == 0, "bad nbatch_V");
+    static_assert(nbatch_V % np == 0, "bad nbatch_V");
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int k0 = 0; k0 < nbatch_fa; k0 += nbatch_V) {
+        flash_attn_tile_load_tile<warp_size, nwarps, nbatch_V, DV, 0, oob_check>
+            (V_h2 + int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + k0)*stride_V2, KV_tmp, stride_V2, k_VKQ_sup - k0);
+        item_ct1.barrier();
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k1 = 0; k1 < nbatch_V; k1 += np) {
+            __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 V_k[(DVp / 2) / warp_size];
+            __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 KQ_k[cpw];
+
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne/2 < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne/2 : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D * 4>(&V_k[i0 / warp_size],
+                                                 &KV_tmp[(k1 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * (DV / 2) + i0 +
+                                                         item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * cpy_ne_D]);
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; jc_VKQ_0 += KQ_cs) {
+                const int jc_KQ = jc_VKQ_0 / KQ_cs + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np) * (cpw / KQ_cs);
+
+                __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half tmp[KQ_cs];
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<KQ_cs * sizeof(sycl::half)>(
+                    &tmp, KQ + jc_KQ * (nbatch_fa * KQ_cs) + (k0 + k1 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * KQ_cs);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int jc_VKQ_1 = 0; jc_VKQ_1 < KQ_cs; ++jc_VKQ_1) {
+                    KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0 + jc_VKQ_1] = sycl::half2(tmp[jc_VKQ_1]);
+                }
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; ++jc_VKQ_0) {
+                    VKQ[jc_VKQ_0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x() +=
+                        V_k[i0/warp_size].x()*KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0].x();
+                    VKQ[jc_VKQ_0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y() +=
+                        V_k[i0/warp_size].y()*KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0].y();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k1 = 0; k1 < nbatch_V; k1 += np) {
+            __dpct_align__(16) sycl::float2 V_k[(DVp/2)/warp_size];
+            __dpct_align__(16) float  KQ_k[cpw];
+
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(&V_k[i0/(2*warp_size)], &KV_tmp[(k1 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np)*DV + i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2)*cpy_ne_D]);
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; jc_VKQ_0 += KQ_cs) {
+                const int jc_KQ = jc_VKQ_0/KQ_cs + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np)*(cpw/KQ_cs);
+
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<KQ_cs*sizeof(float)>(
+                    &KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0], KQ + jc_KQ*(nbatch_fa*KQ_cs) + (k0 + k1 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np)*KQ_cs);
+            }
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int jc_VKQ_0 = 0; jc_VKQ_0 < cpw; ++jc_VKQ_0) {
+                    VKQ[jc_VKQ_0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x() += V_k[i0/warp_size].x()*KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0];
+                    VKQ[jc_VKQ_0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y() += V_k[i0/warp_size].y()*KQ_k[jc_VKQ_0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        item_ct1.barrier();
+    }
+}
+
+template <int DKQ, int DV, int ncols1, int ncols2, bool use_logit_softcap, int warp_size>  // D == head size
+/*
+The total declared local variable size in device function flash_attn_tile exceeds 128 bytes and may cause high register pressure. Consult with your hardware vendor to find the total register size available and adjust the code, or use smaller sub-group size to avoid high register pressure.
+*/
+static void flash_attn_tile(const char *  Q,
+                            const char *  K,
+                            const char *  V,
+                            const char *  mask,
+                            const char *  sinks,
+                            const int *  KV_max,
+                            float *  dst,
+                            sycl::float2 *  dst_meta,
+                            const float          scale,
+                            const float          max_bias,
+                            const float          m0,
+                            const float          m1,
+                            const uint32_t       n_head_log2,
+                            const float          logit_softcap,
+                            const int32_t        ne00,
+                            const sycl::uint3    ne01,
+                            const int32_t        ne02,
+                            const int32_t        ne03,
+                            const int32_t        nb01,
+                            const int32_t        nb02,
+                            const int32_t        nb03,
+                            const int32_t        ne10,
+                            const int32_t        ne11,
+                            const int32_t        ne12,
+                            const int32_t        ne13,
+                            const int32_t        nb11,
+                            const int32_t        nb12,
+                            const int64_t        nb13,
+                            const int32_t        nb21,
+                            const int32_t        nb22,
+                            const int64_t        nb23,
+                            const int32_t        ne31,
+                            const int32_t        ne32,
+                            const int32_t        ne33,
+                            const int32_t        nb31,
+                            const int32_t        nb32,
+                            const int64_t        nb33) {
+#ifdef SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    if ((use_logit_softcap && !(DV == 128 || DV == 256))) {
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+            max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                  nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                  nb11, nb12, nb13,
+                  nb21, nb22, nb23,
+                  ne31, ne32, ne33,
+                  nb31, nb32, nb33);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    static_assert(ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_config(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2) != 0, "kernel config not defined");
+
+    constexpr int ncols     = ncols1*ncols2;
+
+    constexpr int nwarps    = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2) / warp_size;
+    constexpr int nbatch_fa = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2);
+    constexpr int nbatch_K  = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_K (DKQ, DV, ncols1*ncols2);
+
+    // In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
+
+    const int col_Q_0 = item_ct1.get_group(2) * ncols1;  // Index of the first Q column for this SYCL block to work on.
+
+    const int           sequence  = item_ct1.get_group(0) / (ne02 / ncols2);
+    const int           head0     = item_ct1.get_group(0) * ncols2 - sequence * ne02;  // == item_ct1.get_group(0) % (ne02/ncols2)
+    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
+    const float * Q_f  = (const float *) (Q + nb03*sequence + nb02* head0);
+    const sycl::half2 * K_h2      = (const sycl::half2 *) (K + nb13 * sequence + nb12 * (head0 / gqa_ratio));
+    const sycl::half2 * V_h2 =
+        (const sycl::half2 *) (V + nb23 * sequence + nb22 * (head0 / gqa_ratio));  // K and V have same shape
+
+    const sycl::half * maskh = mask ? (const sycl::half *) (mask + nb33 * (sequence % ne33)) : nullptr;
+
+    const int stride_K2   = nb11 / sizeof(sycl::half2);
+    const int stride_V2   = nb21 / sizeof(sycl::half2);
+    const int stride_mask = nb31 / sizeof(sycl::half);
+
+    const float slope = ncols2 == 1 ? get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head0, n_head_log2, m0, m1) : 1.0f;
+
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    constexpr int cpw = ncols > nwarps ? ncols/nwarps : 1; // Q columns per warp.
+    constexpr int np  = nwarps > ncols ? nwarps/ncols : 1; // Number of parallel warps per Q column.
+
+    static_assert(cpw == 1 || np == 1, "bad cpw / np");
+    static_assert(nbatch_fa % (np*warp_size) == 0, "nbatch_fa % (np*warp_size) != 0");
+
+    constexpr int DKQp = (DKQ + 2*warp_size - 1) & ~(2*warp_size - 1); // DKQ padded to multiple of 2*warp_size.
+    constexpr int DVp  = (DV  + 2*warp_size - 1) & ~(2*warp_size - 1); // DV  padded to multiple of 2*warp_size.
+
+    // Q_tmp == SRAM buffer to hold Q data for the entire lifetime of the kernel.
+    // KV_tmp == SRAM buffer to hold fragments of K/V data while iterating over ne11.
+    //     KV_tmp is padded to avoid memory conflicts for K (cpy_ne) and OOB accesses for V (DVp-DV).
+    // KQ == SRAM buffer to hold KQ fragments between KQ and VKQ matrix multiplications.
+    // VKQ == Accumulators in registers for the final VKQ result.
+
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size1 = ncols * DKQ/2 ;
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size2 = nbatch_fa * (nbatch_K/2 + cpy_ne) + DVp-DV ;
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size3 = ncols * nbatch_fa;
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size4 = nwarps;
+
+    constexpr size_t local_share_mem_size = lsm_size1 * sizeof(sycl::half2) +
+                                            lsm_size2 * sizeof(sycl::half2) +
+                                            lsm_size3 * sizeof(sycl::half) +
+                                            lsm_size4 * sizeof(float);
+
+    syclex::work_group_static<char[local_share_mem_size]> lsm;
+
+    sycl::half2 *Q_tmp = (sycl::half2 *)&lsm;
+    sycl::half2 *KV_tmp = (sycl::half2*)(Q_tmp +lsm_size1);
+    sycl::half *KQ = (sycl::half *)(KV_tmp+lsm_size2);
+    float *KQ_max_new_shared = (float *)(KQ+lsm_size3);
+
+    __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 VKQ[cpw * ((DVp / 2) / warp_size)] = {
+        { 0.0f, 0.0f }
+    };
+#else
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size1 = ncols * DKQ ;
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size2 = nbatch_fa * (nbatch_K + cpy_ne) + DVp-DV;
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size3 = ncols * nbatch_fa;
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size4 = nwarps;
+
+    constexpr size_t local_share_mem_size = (lsm_size1 + lsm_size2 +lsm_size3 + lsm_size4) * sizeof(float);
+
+    syclex::work_group_static<char[local_share_mem_size]> lsm;
+
+    float *Q_tmp = (float *)&lsm;
+    float *KV_tmp = Q_tmp +lsm_size1;
+    float *KQ = KV_tmp+lsm_size2;
+    float *KQ_max_new_shared = KQ+lsm_size3;
+
+    __dpct_align__(16) sycl::float2 VKQ[cpw * ((DVp/2)/warp_size)] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+
+    float KQ_max[cpw] = {};
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+        KQ_max[j0/nwarps] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
+    }
+    float KQ_sum[cpw] = {0.0f};
+
+    // Load Q data, convert to FP16 if fast:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        const int jc = jc0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np) * cpw;
+
+        const int j = jc / ncols2;
+        const int c = jc % ncols2;
+
+        constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DKQp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DKQp/warp_size;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DKQp; i0 += np*warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+            if (i0 + np * warp_size * cpy_ne_D <= DKQ ||
+                i0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * (warp_size * cpy_ne_D) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * cpy_ne_D <
+                    DKQ) {
+                __dpct_align__(16) float tmp_f[cpy_ne_D] = { 0.0f };
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_f)>(
+                    tmp_f, &Q_f[c * (nb02 / sizeof(float)) + fastmodulo(col_Q_0 + j, ne01) * (nb01 / sizeof(float)) +
+                                i0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * (warp_size * cpy_ne_D) +
+                                item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * cpy_ne_D]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                    tmp_f[i1] *= scale;
+                }
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+                __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 tmp_h2[cpy_ne_D / 2];
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; i1 += 2) {
+                    tmp_h2[i1/2] = make_half2(tmp_f[i1 + 0], tmp_f[i1 + 1]);
+#if defined(SYCL_FAST_FP16) && !defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
+                    // Without the v_dot2_f32_f16 instruction there is a higher risk of numerical overflow in the KQ calculation.
+                    // Therefore, scale down Q values and apply the inverse scale the FP32 KQ values afterwards again.
+                    tmp_h2[i1 / 2] *= sycl::half2(0.25f, 0.25f);
+#endif // defined(SYCL_FAST_FP16) && !defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
+                }
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_h2)>(
+                    &Q_tmp[jc * (DKQ / 2) + i0 / 2 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np) * (warp_size * cpy_ne_D / 2) +
+                           item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * (cpy_ne_D / 2)],
+                    tmp_h2);
+#else
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp_f)>(
+                    &Q_tmp[jc* DKQ    + i0   + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np)*(warp_size*cpy_ne_D)   + item_ct1.get_local_id(2)* cpy_ne_D],
+                    tmp_f);
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    item_ct1.barrier();
+
+    // Main loop over KV cache:
+    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence * item_ct1.get_group_range(2) + item_ct1.get_group(2)] : ne11;
+    if (ncols2 == 1) {
+        // Branch with out-of-bounds checks.
+        int k_VKQ_0 = item_ct1.get_group(1) * nbatch_fa;
+        while (k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max - nbatch_fa) {
+            constexpr bool oob_check = false;
+            flash_attn_tile_iter<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, DV, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap,
+                                 oob_check>(Q_tmp, K_h2, V_h2, maskh, ne01, logit_softcap, slope, KQ, KV_tmp, stride_K2,
+                                            stride_V2, stride_mask, KQ_max, KQ_sum, VKQ, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_max, col_Q_0,
+                                            KQ_max_new_shared);
+            k_VKQ_0 += item_ct1.get_group_range(1) * nbatch_fa;
+        }
+        if (k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max) {
+            constexpr bool oob_check = true;
+            flash_attn_tile_iter<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, DV, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap,
+                                 oob_check>(Q_tmp, K_h2, V_h2, maskh, ne01, logit_softcap, slope, KQ, KV_tmp, stride_K2,
+                                            stride_V2, stride_mask, KQ_max, KQ_sum, VKQ, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_max, col_Q_0,
+                                            KQ_max_new_shared);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Branch without out-of-bounds checks.
+        for (int k_VKQ_0 = item_ct1.get_group(1) * nbatch_fa; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max;
+             k_VKQ_0 += item_ct1.get_group_range(1) * nbatch_fa) {
+
+            constexpr bool oob_check = false;
+            flash_attn_tile_iter<warp_size, nwarps, ncols1, ncols2, DKQ, DV, nbatch_fa, nbatch_K, use_logit_softcap,
+                                 oob_check>(Q_tmp, K_h2, V_h2, maskh, ne01, logit_softcap, slope, KQ, KV_tmp, stride_K2,
+                                            stride_V2, stride_mask, KQ_max, KQ_sum, VKQ, k_VKQ_0, k_VKQ_max, col_Q_0,
+                                            KQ_max_new_shared);
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        KQ_sum[jc0] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(KQ_sum[jc0]);
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (np > 1) {
+        static_assert(cpw == 1, "bad cpw");
+        static_assert(nbatch_fa*nbatch_K >= nwarps*DVp, "KV_tmp too small");
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        sycl::half2 * VKQ_combine = (sycl::half2 *) KV_tmp;
+#else
+        float * VKQ_combine    = (float *) KV_tmp;
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+
+        float * KQ_sum_combine = (float *) Q_tmp;
+
+        if (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) % np != 0) {
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D * 4>(
+                    &VKQ_combine[item_ct1.get_local_id(1) * (DVp / 2) + i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * cpy_ne_D],
+                    &VKQ[i0 / warp_size]);
+            }
+#else
+
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(
+                    &VKQ_combine[item_ct1.get_local_id(1)*DVp + i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2)*cpy_ne_D], ((const float *) VKQ) + i0/warp_size);
+            }
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+
+            if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) == 0) {
+                KQ_sum_combine[item_ct1.get_local_id(1)] = KQ_sum[0];
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        item_ct1.barrier();
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int ip = 1; ip < np; ++ip) {
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                __dpct_align__(16) sycl::half2 tmp[cpy_ne_D];
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D * 4>(tmp, &VKQ_combine[(item_ct1.get_local_id(1) + ip) * (DVp / 2) + i0 +
+                                                                   item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * cpy_ne_D]);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                    VKQ[i0/warp_size + i1] += tmp[i1];
+                }
+            }
+#else
+            constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+                __dpct_align__(16) float tmp[cpy_ne_D];
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(tmp, &VKQ_combine[(item_ct1.get_local_id(1) + ip)*DVp + i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2)*cpy_ne_D]);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                    ((float *)VKQ)[i0/warp_size + i1] += tmp[i1];
+                }
+            }
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+
+            KQ_sum[0] += KQ_sum_combine[item_ct1.get_local_id(1) + ip];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Attention sink: adjust KQ max and sum only for the first of all parallel blocks:
+    if (sinks && item_ct1.get_group(1) == 0) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+            const int   jc   = jc0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np) * cpw;
+            const float sink = ((const float *) sinks)[head0 + jc % ncols2];
+
+            float       KQ_max_new_j = sycl::fmax((float) KQ_max[jc0], sink);
+            const float KQ_max_scale = sycl::native::exp((float) (KQ_max[jc0] - KQ_max_new_j));
+            KQ_max[jc0] = KQ_max_new_j;
+
+            const float val = sycl::native::exp((float) (sink - KQ_max[jc0]));
+            KQ_sum[jc0] = KQ_sum[jc0]*KQ_max_scale + val;
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+            const sycl::half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = sycl::half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].x() *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/warp_size].y() *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write back results:
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int jc0 = 0; jc0 < cpw; ++jc0) {
+        const int jc = jc0 + (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) / np) * cpw;
+
+        const int j = jc / ncols2;
+        const int c = jc % ncols2;
+
+        if (ncols1 > 1 && col_Q_0 + j >= int(ne01.z())) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const float scale = item_ct1.get_group_range(1) == 1 ? 1.0f / KQ_sum[jc0] : 1.0f;
+
+        const int j_dst_unrolled =
+            ((sequence * int(ne01.z()) + col_Q_0 + j) * ne02 + head0 + c) * item_ct1.get_group_range(1) +
+            item_ct1.get_group(1);
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FAST_FP16
+        constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne/2 < (DVp/2)/warp_size ? cpy_ne/2 : (DVp/2)/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp/2; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+            __dpct_align__(16) sycl::float2 tmp[cpy_ne_D];
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D; ++i1) {
+                tmp[i1] = VKQ[jc0 * ((DVp / 2) / warp_size) + i0 / warp_size + i1]
+                              .template convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>();
+                tmp[i1].x() *= scale;
+                tmp[i1].y() *= scale;
+            }
+            if (i0 + warp_size * cpy_ne_D <= DV / 2 || i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * cpy_ne_D < DV / 2) {
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<sizeof(tmp)>(
+                    &dst[j_dst_unrolled * DV + 2 * i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2) * (2 * cpy_ne_D)], tmp);
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        constexpr int cpy_ne_D = cpy_ne < DVp/warp_size ? cpy_ne : DVp/warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < DVp; i0 += warp_size*cpy_ne_D) {
+            if (i0 + warp_size*cpy_ne_D <= DV || i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2)*cpy_ne_D < DV) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne_D/2; ++i1) {
+                    VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/(2*warp_size) + i1].x() *= scale;
+                    VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/(2*warp_size) + i1].y() *= scale;
+                }
+                ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_ne_D*4>(
+                    &dst[j_dst_unrolled*DV + i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2)*cpy_ne_D],
+                    &VKQ[jc0*((DVp/2)/warp_size) + i0/(2*warp_size)]);
+            }
+        }
+#endif // SYCL_FAST_FP16
+
+        if (item_ct1.get_group_range(1) != 1 && item_ct1.get_local_id(2) == 0) {
+            dst_meta[j_dst_unrolled] = make_float2(KQ_max[jc0], KQ_sum[jc0]);
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+              nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+              nb11, nb12, nb13,
+              nb21, nb22, nb23,
+              ne31, ne32, ne33,
+              nb31, nb32, nb33);
+#endif // SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+}
+
+template <int DKQ, int DV, int ncols2, bool use_logit_softcap>
+static void launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
+
+    const int id        = ggml_sycl_get_device();
+    const int cc        = ggml_sycl_info().devices[id].cc;
+    const int warp_size = WARP_32_SIZE; //can't support WARP_16_SIZE
+
+    constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
+
+    if constexpr (DV <= 256) {
+        if (Q->ne[1] > 16/ncols2) {
+            constexpr int cols_per_block = 32;
+            const int nwarps    = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+            const int nbatch_fa = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+            launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2,
+                flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block / ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap, warp_size>, warp_size>
+                (ctx, dst, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Q->ne[1] > 8/ncols2) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
+        const int nwarps    = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+        const int nbatch_fa = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+        launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2,
+            flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block / ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap, warp_size>, warp_size>
+            (ctx, dst, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (ncols2 <= 8) {
+        if (Q->ne[1] > 4/ncols2) {
+            constexpr int cols_per_block = 8;
+            const int nwarps    = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+            const int nbatch_fa = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+            launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2,
+                flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block / ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap, warp_size>, warp_size>
+                (ctx, dst, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (ncols2 <= 4) {
+        if (Q->ne[1] > 2/ncols2) {
+            constexpr int cols_per_block = 4;
+            const int nwarps    = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+            const int nbatch_fa = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+            launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2,
+                flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block / ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap, warp_size>, warp_size>
+                (ctx, dst, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (ncols2 <= 2) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_block = 2;
+        const int nwarps    = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nthreads (DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc) / warp_size;
+        const int nbatch_fa = ggml_sycl_fattn_tile_get_nbatch_fa(DKQ, DV, cols_per_block, cc);
+        launch_fattn<DV, cols_per_block/ncols2, ncols2,
+            flash_attn_tile<DKQ, DV, cols_per_block / ncols2, ncols2, use_logit_softcap, warp_size>, warp_size>
+            (ctx, dst, nwarps, nbytes_shared, nbatch_fa, true, true, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
+template <int DKQ, int DV, bool use_logit_softcap>
+static void launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols2(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV  = dst;
+    const ggml_tensor * Q    = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * K    = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask = dst->src[3];
+
+    float max_bias = 0.0f;
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(Q->ne[2] % K->ne[2] == 0);
+    const int gqa_ratio = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
+
+    // On NVIDIA (Pascal and older) the GQA optimizations seem to be detrimental in some cases.
+    // However, for DKQ == 576, DV == 512 only the kernel variant with GQA optimizations is implemented.
+    //const bool nvidia = GGML_SYCL_CC_IS_NVIDIA(ggml_sycl_info().devices[ggml_sycl_get_device()].cc);
+    const int gqa_limit = gqa_ratio <= 4 && DV <= 256 ? 16 : INT_MAX;
+    const bool use_gqa_opt = mask && max_bias == 0.0f && Q->ne[1] <= gqa_limit && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
+
+    if constexpr (DV == 512) {
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 16 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 16, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 4 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 4, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (DV <= 256) {
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 8 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 8, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 4 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 4, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (use_gqa_opt && gqa_ratio % 2 == 0) {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 2, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols1<DKQ, DV, 1, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        return;
+    }
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
+template <int DKQ, int DV>
+void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
+
+    float logit_softcap;
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols2<DKQ, DV, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    } else {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols2<DKQ, DV, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#define DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(DKQ, DV)                             \
+    template void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile_case              \
+    <DKQ, DV>(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) \
+
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 40,  40);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 64,  64);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 72,  72);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 80,  80);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 96,  96);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(112, 112);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(128, 128);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(256, 256);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(576, 512);
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-vec.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-vec.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48c389052f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn-vec.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_FATTN_VEC_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_FATTN_VEC_HPP
+
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include <sycl/ext/oneapi/work_group_static.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "fattn-common.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <float.h>
+
+namespace syclex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
+
+static int ggml_sycl_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_host(const int cc) {
+    return 128;
+    GGML_UNUSED(cc);
+}
+
+static constexpr int ggml_sycl_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_device() {
+    return 128;
+}
+
+// Currenlty llvm with the amdgcn target dose not support unrolling loops
+// that contain a break that can not be resolved at compile time.
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpass-failed"
+#endif // __clang__
+
+template <int D,
+          int ncols,
+          int type_K,
+          int type_V,
+          bool use_logit_softcap,
+          int warp_size>  // D == head size
+static void flash_attn_ext_vec(const char* __restrict__ Q,
+                        const char* __restrict__ K,
+                        const char* __restrict__ V,
+                        const char* __restrict__ mask,
+                        const char* __restrict__ sinks,
+                        const int* __restrict__ KV_max,
+                        float* __restrict__ dst,
+                        sycl::float2* __restrict__ dst_meta,
+                        const float scale,
+                        const float max_bias,
+                        const float m0,
+                        const float m1,
+                        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
+                        const float logit_softcap,
+                        const int32_t ne00,
+                        const sycl::uint3 ne01,
+                        const int32_t ne02,
+                        const int32_t ne03,
+                        const int32_t nb01,
+                        const int32_t nb02,
+                        const int32_t nb03,
+                        const int32_t ne10,
+                        const int32_t ne11,
+                        const int32_t ne12,
+                        const int32_t ne13,
+                        const int32_t nb11,
+                        const int32_t nb12,
+                        const int64_t nb13,
+                        const int32_t nb21,
+                        const int32_t nb22,
+                        const int64_t nb23,
+                        const int32_t ne31,
+                        const int32_t ne32,
+                        const int32_t ne33,
+                        const int32_t nb31,
+                        const int32_t nb32,
+                        const int64_t nb33) {
+#ifdef SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
+
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+            max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                  nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                  nb11, nb12, nb13,
+                  nb21, nb22, nb23,
+                  ne31, ne32, ne33,
+                  nb31, nb32, nb33);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
+
+    constexpr int cpy_nb = ggml_sycl_get_max_cpy_bytes();
+    constexpr int cpy_ne = cpy_nb / 4;
+
+    constexpr int nthreads_KQ_q = (D/4 < warp_size ? D/4 : warp_size);
+    constexpr int nthreads_V_q  = (D/4 < warp_size ? D/4 : warp_size);
+
+    constexpr int nthreads    = ggml_sycl_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_device();
+    constexpr int nthreads_KQ = type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? 128 / cpy_nb : nthreads_KQ_q;
+    constexpr int nthreads_V  = type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? 128 / cpy_nb : nthreads_V_q;
+
+    static_assert(warp_size % nthreads_KQ == 0, "bad nthreads_K");
+    static_assert(warp_size % nthreads_V  == 0, "bad nthreads_V");
+
+    constexpr int V_rows_per_thread = type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? 2*cpy_ne : 4;
+    constexpr int V_cols_per_iter   = warp_size / nthreads_V;
+
+    constexpr vec_dot_KQ_t vec_dot_KQ = get_vec_dot_KQ<type_K, D, nthreads_KQ, warp_size>();
+    constexpr bool Q_q8_1 = type_K != GGML_TYPE_F16;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    constexpr dequantize_V_t dequantize_V = get_dequantize_V<type_V, sycl::half, V_rows_per_thread>();
+#else
+    constexpr dequantize_V_t dequantize_V = get_dequantize_V<type_V, float, V_rows_per_thread>();
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+
+    const int ic0 = item_ct1.get_group(2) * ncols;  // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
+
+    const int sequence  = item_ct1.get_group(0) / ne02;
+    const int head      = item_ct1.get_group(0) - sequence * ne02;
+    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
+    Q += nb03*sequence + nb02* head              + nb01*ic0;
+    K += nb13*sequence + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio);
+    V += nb23*sequence + nb22*(head / gqa_ratio);
+
+    const sycl::half * maskh = (const sycl::half *) (mask + nb33 * (sequence % ne33) + nb31 * ic0);
+
+    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    static_assert(D % (2*warp_size) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*warp_size == 64.");
+    constexpr int nwarps = nthreads / warp_size;
+    const int     tid    = warp_size * item_ct1.get_local_id(1) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    __builtin_assume(tid < nthreads);
+
+    constexpr int ne_KQ      = ncols*D;
+    constexpr int ne_combine = nwarps*V_cols_per_iter*D;
+
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size1 = ncols * warp_size;
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size2 = ncols * warp_size;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    sycl::half2 VKQ[ncols][(D / 2) / nthreads_V] = { { { 0.0f, 0.0f } } };
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size3 = (ne_KQ > ne_combine ? ne_KQ : ne_combine);
+    constexpr size_t local_share_mem_size = (lsm_size1 + lsm_size2)*sizeof(float) + lsm_size3*sizeof(sycl::half);
+
+    syclex::work_group_static<char[local_share_mem_size]> lsm;
+
+    float *KQ_max_shared = (float *)&lsm;
+    float *KQ_sum_shared = KQ_max_shared+lsm_size1;
+    sycl::half* KQ = (sycl::half*)(KQ_sum_shared + lsm_size2);
+
+
+#else
+    sycl::float2 VKQ[ncols][(D/2)/nthreads_V] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
+
+    constexpr size_t lsm_size3 = (ne_KQ > ne_combine ? ne_KQ : ne_combine);
+    constexpr size_t local_share_mem_size = (lsm_size1 + lsm_size2 + lsm_size3)*sizeof(float);
+
+
+    syclex::work_group_static<char[local_share_mem_size]> lsm;
+    float *KQ_max_shared = (float *)&lsm;
+    float *KQ_sum_shared = KQ_max_shared+lsm_size1;
+    float* KQ = KQ_sum_shared + lsm_size2;
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+
+    float KQ_max[ncols];
+    float KQ_sum[ncols];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+        KQ_max[j] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
+        KQ_sum[j] = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    // Convert Q to float2 (f16 K) or q8_1 (quantized K) and store in registers:
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+    sycl::half2 Q_reg[ncols][(D / 2) / nthreads_KQ] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};  // Will be initialized completely.
+#else
+    sycl::float2 Q_reg[ncols][(D/2)/nthreads_KQ] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}}; // May be only partially initialized.
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+    int    Q_i32[ncols][1 > D/(sizeof(int)*nthreads_KQ) ? 1 : D/(sizeof(int)*nthreads_KQ)];
+    sycl::float2 Q_ds[ncols][1 > D / (sizeof(int) * nthreads_KQ) ? 1 : D / (sizeof(int) * nthreads_KQ)];
+    if constexpr (Q_q8_1) {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+            const int j = j0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1);
+
+            if (j0 + nwarps > ncols && j >= ncols) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Reuse KQ as temporary storage for converting Q to q8_1:
+            int    * tmp_q_i32 = (int    *) &KQ[j*D];
+            sycl::float2 * tmp_q_ds  = (sycl::float2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D / sizeof(int));
+
+            // Set memory to zero if out of bounds:
+            if (ncols > 1 && ic0 + j >= int(ne01.z())) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += warp_size) {
+                    const int i = i0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+                    if (i0 + warp_size <= int(D/sizeof(int)) || i < int(D/sizeof(int))) {
+                        tmp_q_i32[i] = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) < D/QK8_1) {
+                    tmp_q_ds[item_ct1.get_local_id(2)] = sycl::float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                }
+            } else {
+                const float * Q_f = (const float *) (Q + j*nb01);
+                constexpr int nthreads_quantize = D/sizeof(int) < warp_size ? D/sizeof(int) : warp_size;
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += nthreads_quantize) {
+                    quantize_q8_1_to_shared<sycl::float2, nthreads_quantize, warp_size>
+                        (Q_f + i0*sizeof(int), scale, tmp_q_i32 + i0, tmp_q_ds + i0/QI8_1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            int    * tmp_q_i32 = (int    *) &KQ[j*D];
+            sycl::float2 * tmp_q_ds  = (sycl::float2 *) (tmp_q_i32 + D / sizeof(int));
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < int(D/sizeof(int)); i0 += nthreads_KQ) {
+                const int i =
+                    i0 + (nthreads_KQ == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads_KQ);
+
+                Q_i32[j][i0/nthreads_KQ] = tmp_q_i32[i];
+                Q_ds[j][i0/nthreads_KQ]  = tmp_q_ds[i/QI8_1];
+            }
+        }
+
+        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+    } else {
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+        const sycl::half2 scale_h2 = sycl::half2(scale, scale);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            const sycl::float2 * Q_j = (const sycl::float2 *) (Q + j * nb01);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += nthreads_KQ*cpy_ne) {
+                const int i = i0 + (nthreads_KQ == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) :
+                                                               item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads_KQ) *
+                                       cpy_ne;
+
+                sycl::float2 tmp[cpy_ne] = {
+                    { 0.0f, 0.0f }
+                };
+                if (ncols == 1 || ic0 + j < int(ne01.z())) {
+                    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(tmp,            &Q_j[i]);
+                    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(tmp + cpy_ne/2, &Q_j[i + cpy_ne/2]);
+                }
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i1 = 0; i1 < cpy_ne; ++i1) {
+                    Q_reg[j][i0 / nthreads_KQ + i1] = sycl::half2(tmp[i1].x(), tmp[i1].y());
+                }
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k = 0; k < (D/2)/nthreads_KQ; ++k) {
+                Q_reg[j][k] *= scale_h2;
+            }
+        }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            const sycl::float2 * Q_j = (const sycl::float2 *) (Q + j*nb01);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += nthreads_KQ*cpy_ne) {
+                const int i = i0 + (nthreads_KQ == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads_KQ)*cpy_ne;
+                if (ncols == 1 || ic0 + j < int(ne01.z())) {
+                    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_reg[j][i0/nthreads_KQ],            &Q_j[i]);
+                    ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<cpy_nb>(&Q_reg[j][i0/nthreads_KQ + cpy_ne/2], &Q_j[i + cpy_ne/2]);
+                }
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k = 0; k < (D/2)/nthreads_KQ; ++k) {
+                Q_reg[j][k].x() *= scale;
+                Q_reg[j][k].y() *= scale;
+            }
+        }
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+    }
+
+    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence * item_ct1.get_group_range(2) + item_ct1.get_group(2)] : ne11;
+    K += item_ct1.get_group(1) * nthreads * nb11;
+    V += item_ct1.get_group(1) * nthreads * nb21;
+    maskh += item_ct1.get_group(1) * nthreads;
+    for (int k_VKQ_0 = item_ct1.get_group(1) * nthreads; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max;
+         k_VKQ_0 += item_ct1.get_group_range(1) * nthreads,
+             // Increment pointers after each loop:
+         K += item_ct1.get_group_range(1) * nthreads * nb11, V += item_ct1.get_group_range(1) * nthreads * nb21,
+             maskh += item_ct1.get_group_range(1) * nthreads) {
+        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
+        float KQ_reg[ncols]={}; // KQ in registers.
+        float KQ_max_new[ncols]={};
+
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+            KQ_max_new[j] = KQ_max[j];
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < nthreads_KQ; ++i_KQ_0) {
+            const int i_KQ = item_ct1.get_local_id(1) * warp_size +
+                             (nthreads_KQ == warp_size ? 0 : (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) & ~(nthreads_KQ - 1))) + i_KQ_0;
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                float sum = vec_dot_KQ(K + i_KQ*nb11, Q_reg[j], Q_i32[j], Q_ds[j]);
+                sum = warp_reduce_sum<nthreads_KQ>(sum);
+
+                if (use_logit_softcap) {
+                    sum = logit_softcap * sycl::tanh(sum);
+                }
+                if (mask) {
+                    sum += slope * sycl::vec<sycl::half, 1>(maskh[j * ne11 + i_KQ])
+                                       .convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0];
+                }
+
+                KQ_max_new[j] = sycl::fmax((float) KQ_max_new[j], sum);
+
+                if (int(nthreads_KQ == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2)
+                                                 : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) %
+                                                       nthreads_KQ) == i_KQ_0) {
+                  KQ_reg[j] = sum;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int offset = nthreads_KQ; offset < warp_size; offset <<= 1) {
+               KQ_max_new[j] = sycl::fmax(
+                  (float)KQ_max_new[j],
+                  (float)dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
+                      sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group(),
+                      KQ_max_new[j],
+                      offset,
+                      warp_size));
+            }
+            const float KQ_max_scale = sycl::native::exp((float) (KQ_max[j] - KQ_max_new[j]));
+            KQ_max[j] = KQ_max_new[j];
+
+            KQ_reg[j]            = sycl::native::exp((float) (KQ_reg[j] - KQ_max[j]));
+            KQ_sum[j] = KQ_sum[j]*KQ_max_scale + KQ_reg[j];
+            KQ[j*nthreads + tid] = KQ_reg[j];
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+            const sycl::half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = sycl::half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].x() *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].y() *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+        }
+
+        sycl::group_barrier(sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_sub_group());
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < warp_size; k0 += V_cols_per_iter) {
+            const int k = item_ct1.get_local_id(1) * warp_size + k0 +
+                          (nthreads_V == warp_size ? 0 : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / nthreads_V);
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+            sycl::half2 KQ_k[ncols];
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                KQ_k[j] = sycl::half2(KQ[j * nthreads + k]);
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+                sycl::half2 tmp[V_rows_per_thread / 2];
+                dequantize_V(V + k * nb21, tmp,
+                             2 * i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) :
+                                                                      item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads_V) *
+                                               V_rows_per_thread);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i_VKQ_1 = 0; i_VKQ_1 < V_rows_per_thread/2; ++i_VKQ_1) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                        VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + i_VKQ_1] += tmp[i_VKQ_1]*KQ_k[j];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#else
+            float KQ_k[ncols];
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                KQ_k[j] = KQ[j*nthreads + k];
+            }
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+                sycl::float2 tmp[V_rows_per_thread/2];
+                dequantize_V(V + k*nb21, tmp,
+                    2*i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads_V)*V_rows_per_thread);
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i_VKQ_1 = 0; i_VKQ_1 < V_rows_per_thread/2; ++i_VKQ_1) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+                        VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + i_VKQ_1].x() += tmp[i_VKQ_1].x()*KQ_k[j];
+                        VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + i_VKQ_1].y() += tmp[i_VKQ_1].y()*KQ_k[j];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (sinks && item_ct1.get_group(1) == 0) {
+        const float sink = ((const float *) sinks)[head];
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+            const int j = j0 + item_ct1.get_local_id(1);
+
+            if (j0 + nwarps > ncols && j >= ncols) {
+                break;
+            }
+            const float kqmax_new_j  = sycl::fmax(sink, (float) KQ_max[j]);
+            const float KQ_max_scale = sycl::native::exp((float) (KQ_max[j] - kqmax_new_j));
+            KQ_max[j] = kqmax_new_j;
+
+            KQ_sum[j] = KQ_sum[j] * KQ_max_scale +
+                        (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) == 0 ? sycl::native::exp((float) (sink - KQ_max[j])) : 0.0f);
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+            const sycl::half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = sycl::half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].x() *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[j][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].y() *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+        if (item_ct1.get_local_id(1) == 0) {
+            KQ_max_shared[j*warp_size+item_ct1.get_local_id(2)] = -FLT_MAX / 2.0f;
+            KQ_sum_shared[j*warp_size+item_ct1.get_local_id(2)] = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < ncols; ++j) {
+        if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) == 0) {
+            KQ_max_shared[j*warp_size+item_ct1.get_local_id(1)] = KQ_max[j];
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j_VKQ = 0; j_VKQ < ncols; ++j_VKQ) {
+        if (ncols > 1 && ic0 + j_VKQ >= int(ne01.z())) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        float kqmax_new         = KQ_max_shared[j_VKQ*warp_size+item_ct1.get_local_id(2)];
+        kqmax_new = warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(kqmax_new);
+        const float kqmax_scale = sycl::native::exp((float) (KQ_max[j_VKQ] - kqmax_new));
+        KQ_max[j_VKQ] = kqmax_new;
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
+        sycl::half2 * VKQ_tmp = (sycl::half2 *) KQ + item_ct1.get_local_id(1) * (V_cols_per_iter * D / 2) +
+                                (nthreads_V == warp_size ? 0 : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / nthreads_V) * (D / 2);
+
+        const sycl::half2 kqmax_scale_h2 = sycl::half2(kqmax_scale, kqmax_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+            VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V] *= kqmax_scale_h2;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+            const int i_VKQ =
+                i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads_V) *
+                              (V_rows_per_thread / 2);
+
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<V_rows_per_thread * sizeof(sycl::half)>(VKQ_tmp + i_VKQ,
+                                                                       &VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0 / nthreads_V]);
+        }
+#else
+        sycl::float2 * VKQ_tmp = (sycl::float2 *) KQ + item_ct1.get_local_id(1)*(V_cols_per_iter*D/2)
+            + (nthreads_V == warp_size ? 0 : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / nthreads_V)*(D/2);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V) {
+            VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].x() *= kqmax_scale;
+            VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V].y() *= kqmax_scale;
+        }
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_VKQ_0 = 0; i_VKQ_0 < D/2; i_VKQ_0 += nthreads_V*V_rows_per_thread/2) {
+            const int i_VKQ = i_VKQ_0 + (nthreads_V == warp_size ? item_ct1.get_local_id(2) : item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % nthreads_V)*(V_rows_per_thread/2);
+
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<V_rows_per_thread/2*sizeof(float)>(VKQ_tmp + i_VKQ,                       &VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V]);
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<V_rows_per_thread/2*sizeof(float)>(VKQ_tmp + i_VKQ + V_rows_per_thread/4, &VKQ[j_VKQ][i_VKQ_0/nthreads_V + V_rows_per_thread/4]);
+        }
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16
+
+        KQ_sum[j_VKQ] *= kqmax_scale;
+        KQ_sum[j_VKQ] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(KQ_sum[j_VKQ]);
+        if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) == 0) {
+            KQ_sum_shared[j_VKQ*warp_size+item_ct1.get_local_id(1)] = KQ_sum[j_VKQ];
+        }
+
+        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+
+        if (nthreads <= D || tid < D) {
+            KQ_sum[j_VKQ] = KQ_sum_shared[j_VKQ*warp_size+item_ct1.get_local_id(2)];
+            KQ_sum[j_VKQ] = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(KQ_sum[j_VKQ]);
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D; i0 += nthreads) {
+                float dst_val = 0;
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int w = 0; w < nwarps; ++w) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int v = 0; v < V_cols_per_iter; ++v) {
+                        dst_val += float(KQ[w*V_cols_per_iter*D + v*D + i0 + tid]);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (item_ct1.get_group_range(1) == 1) {
+                    dst_val /= KQ_sum[j_VKQ];
+                }
+                dst[(((sequence * int(ne01.z()) + ic0 + j_VKQ) * ne02 + head) * item_ct1.get_group_range(1) +
+                     item_ct1.get_group(1)) *
+                        D +
+                    i0 + tid] = dst_val;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (j_VKQ < ncols-1) {
+            item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    if (item_ct1.get_group_range(1) != 1 && tid < ncols && (ncols == 1 || ic0 + tid < int(ne01.z()))) {
+        dst_meta[((sequence * int(ne01.z()) + ic0 + tid) * ne02 + head) * item_ct1.get_group_range(1) +
+                 item_ct1.get_group(1)] = make_float2(KQ_max[tid], KQ_sum[tid]);
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+              nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+              nb11, nb12, nb13,
+              nb21, nb22, nb23,
+              ne31, ne32, ne33,
+              nb31, nb32, nb33);
+
+#endif // SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+}
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif // __clang__
+
+
+template <int D, int cols_per_block, int type_K, int type_V, bool use_logit_softcap>
+void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const int warp_size = WARP_16_SIZE; //better performance than WARP_32_SIZE
+
+    const int cc = ggml_sycl_info().devices[ggml_sycl_get_device()].cc;
+
+    const int nthreads = ggml_sycl_fattn_vec_get_nthreads_host(cc);
+    const int nwarps   = nthreads / warp_size;
+
+    const bool need_f16_K = type_K == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+    const bool need_f16_V = type_V == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+    constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
+
+    launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1,
+                 flash_attn_ext_vec<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V,
+                                    use_logit_softcap, warp_size>, warp_size>(
+        ctx, dst, nwarps, nbytes_shared, D, need_f16_K, need_f16_V, false);
+}
+
+template <int D, int type_K, int type_V>
+void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
+    const ggml_tensor * Q   = dst->src[0];
+
+    float logit_softcap;
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (Q->ne[1] == 1) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_block = 1;
+        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
+            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        } else {
+            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    constexpr int cols_per_block = 2;
+    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
+        ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    } else {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
+        ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case_impl<D, cols_per_block, type_K, type_V, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    }
+}
+
+#define DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                              \
+    template void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case                         \
+    <D, type_K, type_V>(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) \
+
+#define EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(D, type_K)             \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_F16);  \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1); \
+    extern DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0); \
+
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+EXTERN_DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASES(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_FATTN_VEC_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c276ed89827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+//
+// MIT license
+// Copyright (C) 2025 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+//
+
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+
+
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "fattn-common.hpp"
+#include "fattn-tile.hpp"
+#include "fattn-vec.hpp"
+#include "fattn.hpp"
+
+
+#define FATTN_VEC_CASE(D, type_K, type_V)                                                                        \
+    {                                                                                                            \
+        const bool type_K_okay = K->type == (type_K) || (K->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (type_K) == GGML_TYPE_F16); \
+        const bool type_V_okay = V->type == (type_V) || (V->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (type_V) == GGML_TYPE_F16); \
+        if (Q->ne[0] == (D) && type_K_okay && type_V_okay) {                                                     \
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec_case<D, type_K, type_V>(ctx, dst);                                      \
+            return;                                                                                              \
+        }                                                                                                        \
+    }                                                                    \
+
+#define FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(type_K, type_V) \
+    FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, type_K, type_V)       \
+    FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, type_K, type_V)       \
+    FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, type_K, type_V)       \
+
+static void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * K = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * V = dst->src[2];
+
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1)
+
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+#else
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_F16)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)
+    FATTN_VEC_CASES_ALL_D(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0)
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+
+    GGML_ABORT("Not match KV type in vec");
+}
+
+// Best FlashAttention kernel for a specific GPU:
+enum best_fattn_kernel {
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE     =   0,
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC      = 100,
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE     = 200,
+};
+
+static best_fattn_kernel ggml_sycl_get_best_fattn_kernel(const int device, const ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(device);
+#ifndef SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+#endif// SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+
+    if(!g_ggml_sycl_enable_flash_attention) return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV   = dst;
+    const ggml_tensor * Q     = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * K     = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * V     = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * mask  = dst->src[3];
+
+    const int gqa_ratio = Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2];
+    GGML_ASSERT(Q->ne[2] % K->ne[2] == 0);
+
+    float max_bias = 0.0f;
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    bool gqa_opt_applies = gqa_ratio >= 2 && mask && max_bias == 0.0f && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
+    for (const ggml_tensor * t : {Q, K, V, mask}) {
+        if (t == nullptr || ggml_is_quantized(t->type)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+            if (t->nb[i] % 16 != 0) {
+                gqa_opt_applies = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (K->ne[0]) {
+        case  40:
+        case  64:
+        case  72:
+        case  80:
+        case  96:
+        case 128:
+        case 112:
+        case 256:
+            if (V->ne[0] != K->ne[0]) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 576:
+            if (V->ne[0] != 512) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+            }
+            if (!gqa_opt_applies) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
+
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+    if (K->type != V->type) {
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+
+    switch (K->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_FA_ALL_QUANTS
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            break;
+        default:
+            return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
+
+    if (mask && mask->ne[2] != 1) {
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+    }
+
+    // For small batch sizes the vector kernel may be preferable over the kernels optimized for large batch sizes:
+    const bool can_use_vector_kernel = Q->ne[0] <= 256 && Q->ne[0] % 64 == 0 && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
+
+    // Todo: Use the XMX kernel if possible:
+
+    // If there are no tensor cores available, use the generic tile kernel:
+    if (can_use_vector_kernel) {
+        if (!ggml_is_quantized(K->type) && !ggml_is_quantized(V->type)) {
+            if (Q->ne[1] == 1) {
+                if (!gqa_opt_applies) {
+                    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (Q->ne[1] <= 2) {
+                return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE;
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device);
+    switch (ggml_sycl_get_best_fattn_kernel(ggml_sycl_get_device(), dst)) {
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE:
+            GGML_ABORT("Not support Flash-Attention");
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE:
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_tile(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC:
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_vec(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+bool ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_supported(int device, const ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    return ggml_sycl_get_best_fattn_kernel(device, dst) != BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f2a8ffc97de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fattn.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//
+// MIT license
+// Copyright (C) 2025 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+//
+
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_FATTN_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_FATTN_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+bool ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_supported(int device, const ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_FATTN_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c76afbd571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "gated_delta_net.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
+
+
+template <int S_v, bool KDA>
+void gated_delta_net_sycl(const float *     q,
+                          const float *     k,
+                          const float *     v,
+                          const float *     g,
+                          const float *     beta,
+                          const float *     curr_state,
+                          float *           dst,
+                          int64_t           H,
+                          int64_t           n_tokens,
+                          int64_t           n_seqs,
+                          int64_t           sq1,
+                          int64_t           sq2,
+                          int64_t           sq3,
+                          int64_t           sv1,
+                          int64_t           sv2,
+                          int64_t           sv3,
+                          int64_t           sb1,
+                          int64_t           sb2,
+                          int64_t           sb3,
+                          const sycl::uint3 neqk1_magic,
+                          const sycl::uint3 rq3_magic,
+                          float             scale) {
+    auto           item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const uint32_t h_idx    = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+    const uint32_t sequence = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    // each warp owns one column, using warp-level primitives to reduce across rows
+    const int      lane     = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    const int      col      = item_ct1.get_group(0) * item_ct1.get_local_range(1) + item_ct1.get_local_id(1);
+
+    const uint32_t iq1 = fastmodulo(h_idx, neqk1_magic);
+    const uint32_t iq3 = fastdiv(sequence, rq3_magic);
+
+    const int64_t attn_score_elems = S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs;
+    float *       attn_data        = dst;
+    float *       state            = dst + attn_score_elems;
+
+    const int64_t state_offset = (sequence * H + h_idx) * S_v * S_v;
+    state += state_offset;
+    curr_state += state_offset;
+    attn_data += (sequence * n_tokens * H + h_idx) * S_v;
+
+    constexpr int warp_size = ggml_sycl_get_physical_warp_size() < S_v ? ggml_sycl_get_physical_warp_size() : S_v;
+    static_assert(S_v % warp_size == 0, "S_v must be a multiple of warp_size");
+    constexpr int rows_per_lane = (S_v + warp_size - 1) / warp_size;
+    float         s_shard[rows_per_lane];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+        const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+        s_shard[r]  = curr_state[i * S_v + col];
+    }
+
+    for (int t = 0; t < n_tokens; t++) {
+        const float * q_t = q + iq3 * sq3 + t * sq2 + iq1 * sq1;
+        const float * k_t = k + iq3 * sq3 + t * sq2 + iq1 * sq1;
+        const float * v_t = v + sequence * sv3 + t * sv2 + h_idx * sv1;
+
+        const int64_t gb_offset = sequence * sb3 + t * sb2 + h_idx * sb1;
+        const float * beta_t = beta + gb_offset;
+        const float * g_t    = g    + gb_offset * (KDA ? S_v : 1);
+
+        const float beta_val = *beta_t;
+
+        if constexpr (!KDA) {
+            const float g_val = sycl::native::exp(*g_t);
+
+            // kv[col] = (S^T @ k)[col] = sum_i S[i][col] * k[i]
+            float kv_shard = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                kv_shard += s_shard[r] * k_t[i];
+            }
+            float kv_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(kv_shard);
+
+            // delta[col] = (v[col] - g * kv[col]) * beta
+            float delta_col = (v_t[col] - g_val * kv_col) * beta_val;
+
+            // fused: S[i][col] = g * S[i][col] + k[i] * delta[col]
+            // attn[col] = (S^T @ q)[col] = sum_i S[i][col] * q[i]
+            float attn_partial = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                s_shard[r]  = g_val * s_shard[r] + k_t[i] * delta_col;
+                attn_partial += s_shard[r] * q_t[i];
+            }
+
+            float attn_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(attn_partial);
+
+            if (lane == 0) {
+                attn_data[col] = attn_col * scale;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // kv[col] = sum_i g[i] * S[i][col] * k[i]
+            float kv_shard = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                kv_shard += sycl::native::exp(g_t[i]) * s_shard[r] * k_t[i];
+            }
+
+            float kv_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(kv_shard);
+
+            // delta[col] = (v[col] - kv[col]) * beta
+            float delta_col = (v_t[col] - kv_col) * beta_val;
+
+            // fused: S[i][col] = g[i] * S[i][col] + k[i] * delta[col]
+            // attn[col] = (S^T @ q)[col] = sum_i S[i][col] * q[i]
+            float attn_partial = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+                const int i = r * warp_size + lane;
+                s_shard[r]  = sycl::native::exp(g_t[i]) * s_shard[r] + k_t[i] * delta_col;
+                attn_partial += s_shard[r] * q_t[i];
+            }
+
+            float attn_col = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(attn_partial);
+
+            if (lane == 0) {
+                attn_data[col] = attn_col * scale;
+            }
+        }
+
+        attn_data += S_v * H;
+    }
+
+    // Write state back to global memory
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int r = 0; r < rows_per_lane; r++) {
+        const int i          = r * warp_size + lane;
+        state[i * S_v + col] = s_shard[r];
+    }
+}
+
+template <bool KDA>
+static void launch_gated_delta_net(const float *   q_d,
+                                   const float *   k_d,
+                                   const float *   v_d,
+                                   const float *   g_d,
+                                   const float *   b_d,
+                                   const float *   s_d,
+                                   float *         dst_d,
+                                   int64_t         S_v,
+                                   int64_t         H,
+                                   int64_t         n_tokens,
+                                   int64_t         n_seqs,
+                                   int64_t         sq1,
+                                   int64_t         sq2,
+                                   int64_t         sq3,
+                                   int64_t         sv1,
+                                   int64_t         sv2,
+                                   int64_t         sv3,
+                                   int64_t         sb1,
+                                   int64_t         sb2,
+                                   int64_t         sb3,
+                                   int64_t         neqk1,
+                                   int64_t         rq3,
+                                   float           scale,
+                                   dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    //TODO: Add chunked kernel for even faster pre-fill
+    const int warp_size = ggml_sycl_info().devices[ggml_sycl_get_device()].warp_size;
+
+    const int num_warps = 4;
+    dpct::dim3 grid_dims(H, n_seqs, (S_v + num_warps - 1) / num_warps);
+    dpct::dim3 block_dims(warp_size <= S_v ? warp_size : S_v, num_warps, 1);
+
+    const sycl::uint3 neqk1_magic = init_fastdiv_values(neqk1);
+    const sycl::uint3 rq3_magic   = init_fastdiv_values(rq3);
+
+    int cc = ggml_sycl_info().devices[ggml_sycl_get_device()].cc;
+
+    switch (S_v) {
+        case 16:
+            {
+                constexpr int sv = 16;
+                stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                                     [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                                         gated_delta_net_sycl<sv, KDA>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H, n_tokens,
+                                                                       n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3, sb1, sb2,
+                                                                       sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+                                     });
+            }
+            break;
+        case 32:
+            {
+                constexpr int sv = 32;
+                stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                                     [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                                         gated_delta_net_sycl<sv, KDA>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H, n_tokens,
+                                                                       n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3, sb1, sb2,
+                                                                       sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+                                     });
+            }
+            break;
+        case 64: {
+            {
+                constexpr int sv = 64;
+                stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                                            gated_delta_net_sycl<sv, KDA>(
+                                                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2,
+                                                sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3, sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+                                        });
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 128: {
+            {
+                constexpr int sv = 128;
+                stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                                            gated_delta_net_sycl<sv, KDA>(
+                                                q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2,
+                                                sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3, sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1_magic, rq3_magic, scale);
+                                        });
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src_q     = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src_k     = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * src_v     = dst->src[2];
+    ggml_tensor * src_g     = dst->src[3];
+    ggml_tensor * src_beta  = dst->src[4];
+    ggml_tensor * src_state = dst->src[5];
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neq, src_q, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t , nbq, src_q, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nek, src_k, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t , nbk, src_k, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, nev, src_v, ne);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbv, src_v, nb);
+    GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbb, src_beta, nb);
+
+    const int64_t S_v      = nev0;
+    const int64_t H        = nev1;
+    const int64_t n_tokens = nev2;
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = nev3;
+
+    const bool kda = (src_g->ne[0] == S_v);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(neq1 == nek1);
+    const int64_t neqk1 = neq1;
+
+    const int64_t rq3 = nev3 / neq3;
+
+    const float * q_d = (const float *) src_q->data;
+    const float * k_d = (const float *) src_k->data;
+    const float * v_d = (const float *) src_v->data;
+    const float * g_d = (const float *) src_g->data;
+    const float * b_d = (const float *) src_beta->data;
+
+    const float * s_d   = (const float *) src_state->data;
+    float *       dst_d = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_q));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_k));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src_v));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_stride(src_q, src_k));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src_g->ne[0] == 1 || kda);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_g));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_beta));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src_state));
+
+    // strides in floats (beta strides used for both g and beta offset computation)
+    const int64_t sq1 = nbq1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sq2 = nbq2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sq3 = nbq3 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sv1 = nbv1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sv2 = nbv2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sv3 = nbv3 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sb1 = nbb1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sb2 = nbb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t sb3 = nbb3 / sizeof(float);
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrtf((float) S_v);
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    if (kda) {
+        launch_gated_delta_net<true>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+            sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, stream);
+    } else {
+        launch_gated_delta_net<false>(q_d, k_d, v_d, g_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
+            S_v, H, n_tokens, n_seqs, sq1, sq2, sq3, sv1, sv2, sv3,
+            sb1, sb2, sb3, neqk1, rq3, scale, stream);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/6);
+    ggml_sycl_op_gated_delta_net(ctx, dst);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3308ee8763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+void ggml_sycl_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gemm.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gemm.hpp
index 5efe03d364b..dcf6c7aeeb4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gemm.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gemm.hpp
@@ -32,39 +32,28 @@ class DnnlGemmWrapper {
         else static_assert(0);
     }
 
-    // matrix A has m rows, k columns
-    // matrix B has k rows, n columns
-    // nra - number of elements to skip when moving into next row in A
-    // nrb - number of elements to skip when moving into next row in B
-    // nca - number of elements to skip when moving into next column in A
-    // ncb - number of elements to skip when moving into next column in B
-    // stride_a - number of elements to skip when moving to next A matrix
-    // stride_b - number of elements to skip when moving to next B matrix
-    // batches_a - number of A matrices
-    // batches_b - number of B matrices
     static void gemm(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, int m, int n, int k,
-        const void * a, dt at, dnnl_dim_t nra, dnnl_dim_t nca, dnnl_dim_t stride_a,
-        const void * b, dt bt, dnnl_dim_t nrb, dnnl_dim_t ncb, dnnl_dim_t stride_b,
+        const void * a, dt at, dnnl_dim_t stra0, dnnl_dim_t stra1, dnnl_dim_t stra2,
+        const void * b, dt bt, dnnl_dim_t strb0, dnnl_dim_t strb1, dnnl_dim_t strb2,
         void * c, dt ct, const queue_ptr & q, dnnl_dim_t batches_a, dnnl_dim_t batches_b) {
 
         auto stream = ctx.stream_dnnl(q);
         auto eng = ctx.engine_dnnl(q);
 
-        // { # strides, # rows, # columns }
-        dnnl::memory::dims a_dims = { batches_a, m, k };
-        dnnl::memory::dims b_dims = { batches_b, k, n };
-        dnnl::memory::dims c_dims = { std::max(batches_a, batches_b), m, n };
-
-        // { # elements to skip to next stride, # elements to skip to next row, # elements to skip to next column }
-        dnnl::memory::dims a_strides = { stride_a, nra, nca };
-        dnnl::memory::dims b_strides = { stride_b, nrb, ncb };
-
+        dnnl::memory::dims a_dims = {batches_a, m, k };
+        dnnl::memory::dims a_strides = {stra2, stra1, stra0};
         const auto a_in_md = dnnl::memory::desc(a_dims, at, a_strides);
+
+        dnnl::memory::dims b_dims = {batches_b, k, n };
+        dnnl::memory::dims b_strides = {strb2, strb0, strb1};
         const auto b_in_md = dnnl::memory::desc(b_dims, bt, b_strides);
-        const auto c_md    = dnnl::memory::desc(c_dims, ct, tag::abc);
 
+        dnnl::memory::dims c_dims = { std::max(batches_a, batches_b), m, n};
+        dnnl::memory::dims c_strides = {m*n, 1,  m };
+        const auto c_md    = dnnl::memory::desc(c_dims, ct, c_strides);
         dnnl::primitive_attr primitive_attr;
         primitive_attr.set_scratchpad_mode(dnnl::scratchpad_mode::user);
+
 #ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
         primitive_attr.set_fpmath_mode(dnnl::fpmath_mode::f16);
 #endif
@@ -76,24 +65,23 @@ class DnnlGemmWrapper {
 
         auto scratchpad_md = matmul_pd.scratchpad_desc();
         auto scratchpad_mem = ctx.get_scratchpad_mem(scratchpad_md, eng, q);
+
         auto matmul_prim = dnnl::matmul(matmul_pd);
 
         std::unordered_map<int, dnnl::memory> matmul_args;
         matmul_args.insert({ DNNL_ARG_SRC, a_mem });
         matmul_args.insert({ DNNL_ARG_WEIGHTS, b_mem });
+
         matmul_args.insert({ DNNL_ARG_DST, c_mem });
         matmul_args.insert({ DNNL_ARG_SCRATCHPAD, scratchpad_mem });
 
         matmul_prim.execute(stream, matmul_args);
     }
 
-    // matrices A and B are column major, both having k rows
-    // matrix A has m column, matrix B has n columns
-    // output: column major matrix C = A transposed * B
     static void row_gemm(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, int m, int n, int k,
         const void * a, dt at, const void * b, dt bt, void * c, dt ct, const queue_ptr & q) {
 
-        gemm(ctx, m, n, k, a, at, k, 1, k * m, b, bt, 1, k, n * k, c, ct, q, 1, 1);
+        gemm(ctx, m, n, k, a, at, 1, k, k * m, b, bt, 1, k, n * k, c, ct, q, 1, 1);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/getrows.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/getrows.cpp
index 9c76ffeb950..03f8dd90748 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/getrows.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/getrows.cpp
@@ -118,10 +118,12 @@ static void get_rows_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor *sr
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
 
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-        k_get_rows<qk, qr, dq>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne00, ne12, s1, s2, s3, nb01, nb02, nb03, s10, s11, s12,
-                               item_ct1);
-    });
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             k_get_rows<qk, qr, dq>(
+                                 src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne00, ne12, s1, s2,
+                                 s3, nb01, nb02, nb03, s10, s11, s12, item_ct1);
+                         });
 
     GGML_UNUSED(dst);
     GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
@@ -154,8 +156,9 @@ static void get_rows_sycl_float(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tens
         dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                      {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                 k_get_rows_float(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne00, ne12, s1, s2,
                                  s3, nb01, nb02, nb03, s10, s11, s12, item_ct1);
             });
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp
index f25a96a625c..12819705849 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp
@@ -30,20 +30,32 @@
 #include <regex>
 
 #include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_GRAPH) && SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ASYNC_MEMORY_ALLOC
+#    include <sycl/ext/oneapi/experimental/async_alloc/async_alloc.hpp>
+#endif
 #include <sycl/half_type.hpp>
 
+#include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-sycl.h"
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
 
+#include "ggml-sycl/add-id.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/backend.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/common.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/element_wise.hpp"
-#include "ggml-sycl/presets.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/gemm.hpp"
-#include "ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/getrows.hpp"
-#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-sycl/norm.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/presets.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/quantize.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/repeat_back.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/set_rows.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/set.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp"
+
 
 static bool g_sycl_loaded = false;
 int g_ggml_sycl_debug = 0;
@@ -51,6 +63,9 @@ int g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_disable_graph = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv = 0;
+int g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op = 0;
+int g_ggml_sycl_enable_flash_attention = 1;
+
 
 static ggml_sycl_device_info ggml_sycl_init() {
     ggml_sycl_device_info info = {};
@@ -83,10 +98,14 @@ static ggml_sycl_device_info ggml_sycl_init() {
 
         info.devices[i].cc =
             100 * prop.get_major_version() + 10 * prop.get_minor_version();
-        info.devices[i].hw_info = get_device_hw_info(&device);
-        info.devices[i].opt_feature = check_gpu_optimize_feature(info.devices[i].hw_info.arch);
+        info.devices[i].nsm = prop.get_max_compute_units() / 16; //16: Number of Xe Cores
+        info.devices[i].opt_feature.reorder = device.ext_oneapi_architecture_is(syclex::arch_category::intel_gpu);
+        info.devices[i].smpbo = prop.get_local_mem_size();
+        info.devices[i].warp_size = WARP_SIZE;
 
         info.max_work_group_sizes[i] = prop.get_max_work_group_size();
+        info.devices[i].max_wg_per_cu = info.max_work_group_sizes[i] / prop.get_max_compute_units();
+
     }
 
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
@@ -195,11 +214,41 @@ static void ggml_check_sycl() try {
 
     if (!initialized) {
         g_ggml_sycl_debug = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DEBUG", 0);
-        g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize= get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_OPT", 1);
+        g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_OPT", 0);
         g_ggml_sycl_disable_graph = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_GRAPH", 1);
         g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_DNN", 0);
         g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_PRIORITIZE_DMMV", 0);
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+        g_ggml_sycl_enable_flash_attention = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_FLASH_ATTN", 1);
+#else
+        g_ggml_sycl_enable_flash_attention = 0;
+#endif
+
         GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("[SYCL] call ggml_check_sycl\n");
+
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("Build with Macros:\n");
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_FORCE_MMQ)
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_FORCE_MMQ: yes\n");
+#else
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_FORCE_MMQ: no\n");
+#endif
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_F16: yes\n");
+#else
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_F16: no\n");
+#endif
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_GRAPH)
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_GRAPH: yes\n");
+#else
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_GRAPH: no\n");
+#endif
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_DNNL)
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DNNL: yes\n");
+#else
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DNNL: no\n");
+#endif
+
         GGML_LOG_INFO("Running with Environment Variables:\n");
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DEBUG: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_debug);
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_OPT: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize);
@@ -214,16 +263,12 @@ static void ggml_check_sycl() try {
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_DNN: DNN disabled by compile flag\n");
 #endif
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_PRIORITIZE_DMMV: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv);
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("Build with Macros:\n");
-#if defined(GGML_SYCL_FORCE_MMQ)
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_FORCE_MMQ: yes\n");
-#else
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_FORCE_MMQ: no\n");
-#endif
-#if defined(GGML_SYCL_F16)
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_F16: yes\n");
+
+#ifdef SYCL_FLASH_ATTN
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_FLASH_ATTN: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_enable_flash_attention);
 #else
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_F16: no\n");
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_FLASH_ATTN: %d disabled by compile flag\n",
+            g_ggml_sycl_enable_flash_attention);
 #endif
 
 /* NOT REMOVE, keep it for next optimize for XMX.
@@ -233,7 +278,20 @@ static void ggml_check_sycl() try {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s: SYCL_USE_XMX: no\n", __func__);
 #endif
 */
-
+        // Currently, we only use async malloc / free when graphs are enabled as it is required for the calls to be
+        // properly recorded. As this SYCL extension matures it may be beneficial to enable as the default path and in
+        // other places.
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_GRAPH) && SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ASYNC_MEMORY_ALLOC
+        g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op = !g_ggml_sycl_disable_graph;
+        if (g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dpct::dev_mgr::instance().device_count(); ++i) {
+                if (!dpct::dev_mgr::instance().get_device(i).has(sycl::aspect::ext_oneapi_async_memory_alloc)) {
+                    g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
         if (CHECK_TRY_ERROR(g_all_sycl_device_count =
                             dpct::dev_mgr::instance().device_count()) != 0) {
             initialized = true;
@@ -1132,13 +1190,28 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_sycl_host_buffer_type_name(ggml_backend_buffer_
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
+inline void * aligned_malloc_host(size_t alignment, size_t size) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return _aligned_malloc(size, alignment);
+#else
+    return aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline void free_aligned_mem_host(void * memblock) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    _aligned_free(memblock);
+#else
+    free(memblock);
+#endif
+}
+
 static void ggml_backend_sycl_host_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
-    ggml_sycl_host_free(buffer->context);
+    free_aligned_mem_host((void *)buffer->context);
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_sycl_host_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
-    void * ptr = ggml_sycl_host_malloc(size);
-
+    void * ptr = aligned_malloc_host(TENSOR_ALIGNMENT, size);
     if (ptr == nullptr) {
         // fallback to cpu buffer
         return ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type(), size);
@@ -1374,120 +1447,6 @@ typedef void (*ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_t)(
 
 
 
-template<int QUANT_BLOCK_TILE>
-static void quantize_q8_1(const float * __restrict__ x, void * __restrict__ vy, const int kx, const int kx_padded,
-                          const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
-    const int ix = (item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
-                    item_ct1.get_local_id(2)) * QUANT_BLOCK_TILE;
-
-    if (ix >= kx_padded) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const int iy = item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) +
-                   item_ct1.get_local_id(1);
-
-    const int i_padded = iy*kx_padded + ix;
-
-    block_q8_1 * y = (block_q8_1 *) vy;
-
-    const int ib = i_padded / QK8_1; // block index
-    const int iqs = i_padded % QK8_1; // quant index
-    typedef  sycl::vec<float, QUANT_BLOCK_TILE> TC;
-    typedef  sycl::vec<int8_t, QUANT_BLOCK_TILE> TQ;
-    TC zeros;
-    TQ qzeros;
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 0; i < QUANT_BLOCK_TILE; i++)
-    {
-        zeros[i] = 0.f;
-        qzeros[i] = 0;
-    }
-    const TC xi = ix < kx ? *(const TC *)&x[iy * kx + ix] : zeros;
-    float sum = xi[0];
-    float amax = sycl::fabs(xi[0]);
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 1; i < QUANT_BLOCK_TILE; i++)
-    {
-        sum += xi[i];
-        amax = sycl::fmax(sycl::fabs(xi[i]), amax);
-    }
-    sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum, item_ct1);
-    amax = warp_reduce_max(amax, item_ct1);
-
-    const float d = amax / 127;
-    TQ q = qzeros;
-    if (amax != 0.0f)
-    {
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i = 0; i < QUANT_BLOCK_TILE; i++) {
-            q[i] = sycl::round(xi[i] / d);
-        }
-    }
-
-    *(TQ *)&y[ib].qs[iqs] = q;
-
-    if (iqs > 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    reinterpret_cast<sycl::half &>(y[ib].ds.x()) = d;
-    reinterpret_cast<sycl::half &>(y[ib].ds.y()) = sum;
-}
-
-template <int ElementsPerWI>
-static __dpct_inline__ void quantize_and_reorder_q8_1(const float * __restrict__ x, void * reordered_q8_tensor,
-                                                      const int kx, const int kx_padded, const sycl::nd_item<1> & it) {
-    /*
-        Quantizes and reorders the resultant q8 tensor in a per row fashion
-        Each sub-group calculates one quant block. i.e. QK8_1 quant values and the d and sum values
-    */
-
-    auto subgroup_id = it.get_group(0);
-    auto wi_id       = it.get_local_id(0);
-
-    const int num_blocks_per_row = kx / QK8_1;
-    auto      row                = subgroup_id / num_blocks_per_row;
-    auto      col                = subgroup_id % num_blocks_per_row;
-
-    auto row_offset = row * (kx_padded / QK8_1) * sizeof(block_q8_1);
-    auto col_offset = QK8_1 * col + wi_id * ElementsPerWI;
-
-    auto quant_ptr = (int8_t *) ((char *) reordered_q8_tensor + row_offset + col_offset);
-    auto ds_ptr    = (sycl::half2 *) ((char *) reordered_q8_tensor + row_offset + kx + col * sizeof(sycl::half2));
-
-    sycl::vec<float, ElementsPerWI>  wi_f32_vals;
-    sycl::vec<int8_t, ElementsPerWI> quantized_values;
-
-    auto float_ptr_offset = subgroup_id * QK8_1 + ElementsPerWI * wi_id;
-    wi_f32_vals           = *reinterpret_cast<const sycl::vec<float, ElementsPerWI> *>(x + float_ptr_offset);
-
-    float sum  = 0.0f;
-    float amax = 0.0f;
-
-#pragma unroll(ElementsPerWI)
-    for (int i = 0; i < ElementsPerWI; i++) {
-        sum += wi_f32_vals[i];
-        amax                = sycl::fmax(amax, sycl::fabs(wi_f32_vals[i]));
-        quantized_values[i] = 0;
-    }
-    sum     = sycl::reduce_over_group(it.get_group(), sum, sycl::plus<float>());
-    amax    = sycl::reduce_over_group(it.get_group(), amax, sycl::maximum<float>());
-    float d = amax == 0 ? 1 : amax / 127;
-
-#pragma unroll(ElementsPerWI)
-    for (int i = 0; i < ElementsPerWI; i++) {
-        quantized_values[i] = sycl::round(wi_f32_vals[i] / d);
-    }
-
-    d = amax == 0 ? 0 : d;
-
-    *reinterpret_cast<sycl::vec<int8_t, ElementsPerWI> *>(quant_ptr) = quantized_values;
-    if (wi_id == 0) {
-        *ds_ptr = sycl::half2(sycl::half(d), sycl::half(sum));
-    }
-}
-
 static void mul_mat_p021_f16_f32(
     const void * __restrict__ vx, const float * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ dst,
     const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x, const int nchannels_x, const int nchannels_y,
@@ -1547,7 +1506,7 @@ static void mul_mat_p021_f16_f32(
 
 static void mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32( // nc == non-contiguous
     const void * __restrict__ vx, const float * __restrict__ y, float * __restrict__ dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
-    const int row_stride_x, const int channel_stride_x, const int channel_x_divisor,
+    const int row_stride_x, const int channel_stride_x,const int channel_stride_y, const int channel_x_divisor,
     const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
 
     const sycl::half *x = (const sycl::half *)vx;
@@ -1558,7 +1517,6 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32( // nc == non-contiguous
                         item_ct1.get_local_id(0);
     const int channel_x = channel / channel_x_divisor;
 
-    const int nrows_y   = ncols_x;
     const int nrows_dst = nrows_x;
     const int row_dst   = row_x;
 
@@ -1577,7 +1535,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32( // nc == non-contiguous
         const int row_y = col_x;
 
         const int ix = channel_x*channel_stride_x + row_x*row_stride_x + col_x;
-        const int iy = channel*nrows_y + row_y;
+        const int iy = channel * channel_stride_y + row_y;
 
         const float xi =
             sycl::vec<sycl::half, 1>(x[ix])
@@ -1626,60 +1584,70 @@ static inline void ggml_sycl_swap(T & a, T & b) {
 template <ggml_sort_order order>
 __dpct_inline__ static void
 k_argsort_f32_i32(const float *x, int *dst, const int ncols, int ncols_pad,
-                  const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1, uint8_t *dpct_local) {
+                  const int tasks_per_thread, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1,
+                  uint8_t *dpct_local) {
     // bitonic sort
-    int col = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    int col_index =  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
     int row = item_ct1.get_group(1);
 
-    if (col >= ncols_pad) {
-        return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < tasks_per_thread; i++) {
+        int col = col_index * tasks_per_thread + i;
+        if (col >= ncols_pad) {
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
     const float * x_row = x + row * ncols;
     auto dst_row = (int *)dpct_local;
 
     // initialize indices
-    dst_row[col] = col;
+    for (int i=0;i<tasks_per_thread;i++){
+        int col = col_index*tasks_per_thread+i;
+        dst_row[col] = col;
+    }
 
     item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
 
     for (int k = 2; k <= ncols_pad; k *= 2) {
         for (int j = k / 2; j > 0; j /= 2) {
-            int ixj = col ^ j;
-            if (ixj > col) {
-                if ((col & k) == 0) {
-                    if (dst_row[col] >= ncols ||
-                        (dst_row[ixj] < ncols && (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC ?
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] > x_row[dst_row[ixj]] :
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] < x_row[dst_row[ixj]]))
-                    ) {
-                        ggml_sycl_swap(dst_row[col], dst_row[ixj]);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (dst_row[ixj] >= ncols ||
-                        (dst_row[col] < ncols && (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC ?
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] < x_row[dst_row[ixj]] :
-                            x_row[dst_row[col]] > x_row[dst_row[ixj]]))
-                    ) {
-                        ggml_sycl_swap(dst_row[col], dst_row[ixj]);
+            for (int i = 0; i < tasks_per_thread; i++) {
+                int col = col_index * tasks_per_thread + i;
+                int ixj = col ^ j;
+                if (ixj > col) {
+                    if ((col & k) == 0) {
+                        if (dst_row[col] >= ncols ||
+                            (dst_row[ixj] < ncols &&
+                             (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC
+                                  ? x_row[dst_row[col]] > x_row[dst_row[ixj]]
+                                  : x_row[dst_row[col]] <
+                                        x_row[dst_row[ixj]]))) {
+                            ggml_sycl_swap(dst_row[col], dst_row[ixj]);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if (dst_row[ixj] >= ncols ||
+                            (dst_row[col] < ncols &&
+                             (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC
+                                  ? x_row[dst_row[col]] < x_row[dst_row[ixj]]
+                                  : x_row[dst_row[col]] >
+                                        x_row[dst_row[ixj]]))) {
+                            ggml_sycl_swap(dst_row[col], dst_row[ixj]);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
+                item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
             }
-            /*
-            DPCT1118:1: SYCL group functions and algorithms must be encountered
-            in converged control flow. You may need to adjust the code.
-            */
-            item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
         }
     }
 
     // copy the result to dst without the padding
-    if (col < ncols) {
-        dst[row * ncols + col] = dst_row[col];
+    for (int i = 0; i < tasks_per_thread; i++) {
+        int col = col_index * tasks_per_thread + i;
+        if (col < ncols) {
+            dst[row * ncols + col] = dst_row[col];
+        }
     }
 }
 
-
 static void diag_mask_inf_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const int rows_per_channel, const int n_past,
                               const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
     const int col = item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) +
@@ -1697,7 +1665,7 @@ static void diag_mask_inf_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, con
     dst[i] = x[i] - (col > n_past + row % rows_per_channel) * FLT_MAX;
 }
 
-static void scale_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const int k,
+static void scale_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const float bias, const int k,
                       const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
     const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
                   item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
@@ -1706,7 +1674,7 @@ static void scale_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, const int
         return;
     }
 
-    dst[i] = scale * x[i];
+    dst[i] = scale * x[i] + bias;
 }
 
 
@@ -1772,32 +1740,6 @@ static  void pool2d_nchw_kernel(
         o_ptr[cur_oh * ow + cur_ow] = res;
 }
 
-static void quantize_row_q8_1_sycl(const float * x, void * vy, const int kx, const int ky, const int kx_padded,
-                                   bool reorder_q8_tensor, queue_ptr stream) {
-    if (reorder_q8_tensor) {
-        auto local_range      = std::size_t(WARP_SIZE);
-        auto num_quant_blocks = ky * (kx / QK8_1);
-        auto global_range     = num_quant_blocks * local_range;
-        stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<1>({ global_range }, { local_range }),
-                             [=](sycl::nd_item<1> it) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                 quantize_and_reorder_q8_1<QK8_1 / WARP_SIZE>(x, vy, kx, kx_padded, it);
-                             });
-    } else {
-        const int            block_num_x = (kx_padded + SYCL_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE;
-        const sycl::range<3> num_blocks(1, ky, block_num_x);
-        int constexpr QUANT_BLOCK_TILE = QK8_1 / WARP_SIZE;
-        static_assert(QK8_1 % WARP_SIZE == 0);
-        const sycl::range<3> block_size(1, 1, SYCL_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE / QUANT_BLOCK_TILE);
-        {
-            dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
-
-            stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(num_blocks * block_size, block_size),
-                                 [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                     quantize_q8_1<QUANT_BLOCK_TILE>(x, vy, kx, kx_padded, item_ct1);
-                                 });
-        }
-    }
-}
 
 static void ggml_mul_mat_p021_f16_f32_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
                                            float *dst, const int ncols_x,
@@ -1824,7 +1766,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_p021_f16_f32_sycl(const void *vx, const float *y,
 static void ggml_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_sycl(
     const void *vx, const float *y, float *dst, const int ncols_x,
     const int nrows_x, const int row_stride_x, const int nchannels_x,
-    const int nchannels_y, const int channel_stride_x, queue_ptr stream) {
+    const int nchannels_y, const int channel_stride_x, const int channel_stride_y, queue_ptr stream) {
 
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(nchannels_y, nrows_x, 1);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, WARP_SIZE);
@@ -1836,7 +1778,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_sycl(
             sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
                 mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32(vx, y, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x,
-                                       row_stride_x, channel_stride_x,
+                                       row_stride_x, channel_stride_x, channel_stride_y,
                                        nchannels_y / nchannels_x, item_ct1);
             });
     }
@@ -1844,7 +1786,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_sycl(
 
 
 
-static void scale_f32_sycl(const float *x, float *dst, const float scale,
+static void scale_f32_sycl(const float *x, float *dst, const float scale, const float bias,
                            const int k, queue_ptr stream) {
     const int num_blocks = (k + SYCL_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE;
     stream->parallel_for(
@@ -1852,7 +1794,7 @@ static void scale_f32_sycl(const float *x, float *dst, const float scale,
                               sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE),
                           sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE)),
         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-            scale_f32(x, dst, scale, k, item_ct1);
+            scale_f32(x, dst, scale, bias, k, item_ct1);
         });
 }
 
@@ -1878,37 +1820,51 @@ static int next_power_of_2(int x) {
 
 static void argsort_f32_i32_sycl(const float *x, int *dst, const int ncols,
                                  const int nrows, ggml_sort_order order,
-                                 queue_ptr stream) {
+                                 queue_ptr stream, int device) {
     // bitonic sort requires ncols to be power of 2
     const int ncols_pad = next_power_of_2(ncols);
 
-    const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, ncols_pad);
+    int nth = 1;
+    int max_block_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[device];
+    while (nth < ncols_pad && nth < max_block_size)
+        nth *= 2;
+    if (nth > max_block_size)
+        nth = max_block_size;
+
+    const int tasks_per_thread = ncols_pad / nth;
+
+    const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, nth);
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, nrows, 1);
     const size_t shared_mem = ncols_pad * sizeof(int);
+    GGML_ASSERT(shared_mem<=ggml_sycl_info().devices[device].smpbo);
 
     if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC) {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> dpct_local_acc_ct1(
                 sycl::range<1>(shared_mem), cgh);
 
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                     k_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_ASC>(
-                        x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad, item_ct1,
-                        dpct_local_acc_ct1.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>()
+                        x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad, tasks_per_thread, item_ct1,
+                        dpct_local_acc_ct1
+                            .get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>()
                             .get());
                 });
         });
     } else if (order == GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC) {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> dpct_local_acc_ct1(
                 sycl::range<1>(shared_mem), cgh);
 
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                     k_argsort_f32_i32<GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC>(
-                        x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad, item_ct1,
-                        dpct_local_acc_ct1.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>()
+                        x, dst, ncols, ncols_pad, tasks_per_thread, item_ct1,
+                        dpct_local_acc_ct1
+                            .get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>()
                             .get());
                 });
         });
@@ -1917,53 +1873,160 @@ static void argsort_f32_i32_sycl(const float *x, int *dst, const int ncols,
     }
 }
 
+static void top_k_f32_sycl(
+    const float * src,
+    int32_t * dst_indices,
+    const int64_t ncols,
+    const int64_t nrows,
+    const int k,
+    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream
+) {
+    const int block_size = 128;
+
+    const sycl::range<1> block_dims(block_size);
+    const sycl::range<1> grid_dims(nrows);
+
+    main_stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+        sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> shared_vals(sycl::range<1>(block_size * k), cgh);
+        sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> shared_idx(sycl::range<1>(block_size * k), cgh);
+
+        cgh.parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<1>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+                const int row = item_ct1.get_group(0);
+                const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(0);
+
+                if (row >= nrows) return;
+
+                const float * src_row = src + row * ncols;
+                int32_t * dst_idx_row = dst_indices + row * k;
+
+                float local_vals[32];
+                int local_idx[32];
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+                    local_vals[i] = -FLT_MAX;
+                    local_idx[i] = -1;
+                }
+
+                for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += block_size) {
+                    float val = src_row[col];
+
+                    if (val > local_vals[k-1]) {
+                        int pos = k - 1;
+                        while (pos > 0 && val > local_vals[pos - 1]) {
+                            pos--;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int i = k - 1; i > pos; i--) {
+                            local_vals[i] = local_vals[i - 1];
+                            local_idx[i] = local_idx[i - 1];
+                        }
+                        local_vals[pos] = val;
+                        local_idx[pos] = col;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+                    shared_vals[tid * k + i] = local_vals[i];
+                    shared_idx[tid * k + i] = local_idx[i];
+                }
+                item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+                if (tid == 0) {
+                    float final_vals[32];
+                    int final_idx[32];
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+                        final_vals[i] = -FLT_MAX;
+                        final_idx[i] = -1;
+                    }
+
+                    for (int t = 0; t < block_size; t++) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+                            float val = shared_vals[t * k + i];
+                            int idx = shared_idx[t * k + i];
+
+                            if (val > final_vals[k-1]) {
+                                int pos = k - 1;
+                                while (pos > 0 && val > final_vals[pos - 1]) {
+                                    pos--;
+                                }
+
+                                for (int j = k - 1; j > pos; j--) {
+                                    final_vals[j] = final_vals[j - 1];
+                                    final_idx[j] = final_idx[j - 1];
+                                }
+                                final_vals[pos] = val;
+                                final_idx[pos] = idx;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+                        dst_idx_row[i] = final_idx[i];
+                    }
+
+                    if (k > 1) {
+                        int32_t temp = dst_idx_row[0];
+                        dst_idx_row[0] = dst_idx_row[1];
+                        dst_idx_row[1] = temp;
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+    });
+}
+
 static void argmax_f32_i32_sycl(const float *x, int *dst, const int ncols,
                                const int nrows, queue_ptr stream) {
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, SYCL_ARGMAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, nrows, 1);
     const size_t shared_mem = 256 * sizeof(float);
 
-    sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
         sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> shared_data(
             sycl::range<1>(shared_mem/sizeof(float)), cgh);
         sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> shared_indices(
             sycl::range<1>(shared_mem/sizeof(float)), cgh);
 
-        sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-            const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-            const int row = item_ct1.get_global_id(1);
-
-            float max_val = -INFINITY;
-            int   max_idx = -1;
-
-            for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += 256) {
-                float val = x[row * ncols + col];
-                if (val > max_val) {
-                    max_val = val;
-                    max_idx = col;
+        cgh.parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+                const int row = item_ct1.get_global_id(1);
+
+                float max_val = -INFINITY;
+                int max_idx = -1;
+
+                for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += 256) {
+                    float val = x[row * ncols + col];
+                    if (val > max_val) {
+                        max_val = val;
+                        max_idx = col;
+                    }
                 }
-            }
 
-            shared_data[tid]    = max_val;
-            shared_indices[tid] = max_idx;
-            item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
-
-            for (int stride = 256 / 2; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {
-                if (tid < stride) {
-                    float val1 = shared_data[tid];
-                    float val2 = shared_data[tid + stride];
-                    if (val2 > val1) {
-                        shared_data[tid]    = val2;
-                        shared_indices[tid] = shared_indices[tid + stride];
+                shared_data[tid] = max_val;
+                shared_indices[tid] = max_idx;
+                item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+                for (int stride = 256/2; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {
+                    if (tid < stride) {
+                        float val1 = shared_data[tid];
+                        float val2 = shared_data[tid + stride];
+                        if (val2 > val1) {
+                            shared_data[tid] = val2;
+                            shared_indices[tid] = shared_indices[tid + stride];
+                        }
                     }
+                    item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
                 }
-                item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
-            }
 
-            if (tid == 0) {
-                dst[row] = shared_indices[0];
-            }
-        });
+
+                if (tid == 0) {
+                    dst[row] = shared_indices[0];
+                }
+            });
     });
 }
 static void diag_mask_inf_f32_sycl(const float *x, float *dst,
@@ -2125,8 +2188,8 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_sycl(
 
 #if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
         if (!g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn) {
-            DnnlGemmWrapper::row_gemm(ctx, src1_ncols, row_diff, ne10, src1_ptr,
-                                      DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), src0_ptr, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(),
+                DnnlGemmWrapper::row_gemm(ctx,row_diff, src1_ncols , ne10, src0_ptr,
+                                     DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), src1_ptr, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(),
                                       dst_dd_i, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(), stream);
         }
         else
@@ -2137,8 +2200,8 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_sycl(
             const sycl::half alpha_f16 = 1.0f;
             const sycl::half beta_f16  = 0.0f;
             SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dpct::gemm(
-                *stream, oneapi::math::transpose::trans,
-                oneapi::math::transpose::nontrans, row_diff, src1_ncols, ne10,
+                *stream, oneapi::mkl::transpose::trans,
+                oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans, row_diff, src1_ncols, ne10,
                 &alpha_f16, src0_ptr, dpct::library_data_t::real_half, ne00,
                 src1_ptr, dpct::library_data_t::real_half, ne10, &beta_f16,
                 dst_f16.get(), dpct::library_data_t::real_half, ldc,
@@ -2172,8 +2235,8 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_sycl(
 
 #if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
         if (!g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn) {
-            DnnlGemmWrapper::row_gemm(ctx, src1_ncols, row_diff, ne10, src1_ddf1_i,
-                                      DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(), src0_ddf_i, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(),
+            DnnlGemmWrapper::row_gemm(ctx, row_diff, src1_ncols, ne10, src0_ddf_i,
+                                      DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(), src1_ddf1_i, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(),
                                       dst_dd_i, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(), stream);
         }
         else
@@ -2181,8 +2244,8 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_sycl(
         {
             const float alpha = 1.0f;
             const float beta  = 0.0f;
-            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(oneapi::math::blas::column_major::gemm(
-                get_onemath_backend(*stream), oneapi::math::transpose::trans, oneapi::math::transpose::nontrans, row_diff,
+            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm(
+                *stream, oneapi::mkl::transpose::trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans, row_diff,
                 src1_ncols, ne10, dpct::get_value(&alpha, *stream), src0_ddf_i, ne00, src1_ddf1_i, ne10,
                 dpct::get_value(&beta, *stream), dst_dd_i, ldc)));
         }
@@ -2263,6 +2326,30 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_sum_rows(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *
     sum_rows_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, ncols, nrows, main_stream);
 }
 
+inline void ggml_sycl_op_mean(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    const float * src0_dd = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[0]->data);
+    float *       dst_dd  = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+
+    const int64_t ncols = dst->src[0]->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(dst->src[0]);
+
+    sum_rows_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, ncols, nrows, main_stream);
+
+    main_stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::range<1>(nrows),
+        [=](sycl::id<1> row) {
+            dst_dd[row] /= ncols;
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+
 inline void ggml_sycl_op_argsort(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
@@ -2277,7 +2364,32 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_argsort(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *
 
     enum ggml_sort_order order = (enum ggml_sort_order) dst->op_params[0];
 
-    argsort_f32_i32_sycl(src0_dd, (int *) dst_dd, ncols, nrows, order, main_stream);
+    argsort_f32_i32_sycl(src0_dd, (int *)dst_dd, ncols, nrows, order,
+                         main_stream, ctx.device);
+}
+
+static void ggml_sycl_op_top_k(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    const float * src0_dd = static_cast<const float *>(src0->data);
+    int32_t * dst_dd = static_cast<int32_t *>(dst->data);
+
+    const int k = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ncols = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(k > 0 && k <= 32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(k <= ncols);
+
+    top_k_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, ncols, nrows, k, main_stream);
 }
 
 inline void ggml_sycl_op_argmax(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -2312,6 +2424,65 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_ten
     diag_mask_inf_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, ne00, nrows0, ne01, n_past, main_stream);
 }
 
+static void tri_f32_sycl(
+    const float * src,
+    float * dst,
+    const int64_t ne0,
+    const int64_t ne1,
+    const int64_t ne2,
+    const int64_t ne3,
+    const ggml_tri_type ttype,
+    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream
+) {
+    const size_t total = (size_t) ne0 * (size_t) ne1 * (size_t) ne2 * (size_t) ne3;
+
+    main_stream->parallel_for(sycl::range<1>(total), [=](sycl::id<1> tid) {
+        const int64_t idx = (int64_t) tid[0];
+
+        const int64_t i0 = idx % ne0;
+        const int64_t t1 = idx / ne0;
+        const int64_t i1 = t1 % ne1;
+
+        bool keep = false;
+        switch (ttype) {
+            case GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER:      keep = (i0 <  i1); break;
+            case GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG: keep = (i0 <= i1); break;
+            case GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER:      keep = (i0 >  i1); break;
+            case GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER_DIAG: keep = (i0 >= i1); break;
+            default: keep = false; break;
+        }
+
+        dst[idx] = keep ? src[idx] : 0.0f;
+    });
+}
+
+static void ggml_sycl_op_tri(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    const float * src0_dd = static_cast<const float *>(src0->data);
+    float *       dst_dd  = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+
+    const ggml_tri_type ttype = (ggml_tri_type) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+
+    const int64_t ne0 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne1 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne2 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne3 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    tri_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, ttype, main_stream);
+}
+
+
 inline void ggml_sycl_op_scale(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
@@ -2321,9 +2492,11 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_scale(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * ds
     float *       dst_dd  = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
 
     float scale;
-    memcpy(&scale, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    float bias;
+    memcpy(&scale, (float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&bias,  (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    scale_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, scale, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
+    scale_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, scale, bias, ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]), main_stream);
     /*
     DPCT1010:87: SYCL uses exceptions to report errors and does not use the
     error codes. The call was replaced with 0. You need to rewrite this code.
@@ -2372,10 +2545,10 @@ static void ggml_sycl_set_peer_access(const int n_tokens, int main_device) {
     peer_access_enabled = enable_peer_access;
 }
 
+template <template <int> typename quantize_f>
 static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor *src0,
                                  const ggml_tensor *src1, ggml_tensor *dst,
-                                 ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_t op,
-                                 const bool convert_src1_to_q8_1) try {
+                                 ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_t op) try {
 
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne);
 
@@ -2470,6 +2643,8 @@ static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_ten
         }
     }
 
+    constexpr bool quantize_enabled = !std::is_same_v<quantize_f<QK8_1 / WARP_SIZE>,
+                                                      no_quantize_q8_1<QK8_1 / WARP_SIZE>>;
     for (int i = 0; i < ggml_sycl_info().device_count; ++i) {
         if ((!split && i != ctx.device) || dev[i].row_low == dev[i].row_high) {
             continue;
@@ -2495,20 +2670,19 @@ static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_ten
             dev[i].src1_ddf = dev[i].src1_ddf_alloc.alloc(ctx.pool(i), ggml_nelements(src1));
         }
 
-        if (convert_src1_to_q8_1) {
+        if constexpr(quantize_enabled) {
             dev[i].src1_ddq = dev[i].src1_ddq_alloc.alloc(ctx.pool(i), nrows1*src1_padded_col_size*q8_1_ts/q8_1_bs);
 
             if (src1_on_device && src1_is_contiguous) {
-                bool reorder_q8_tensor = src0->extra && ((ggml_tensor_extra_gpu *)src0->extra)->optimized_feature.reorder;
                 scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, "/quantize_row_q8_1_sycl", dst,
                                                      /*num_src=*/2, " : converting src1 to Q8_1");
-                quantize_row_q8_1_sycl(dev[i].src1_ddf, dev[i].src1_ddq, ne10, nrows1, src1_padded_col_size, reorder_q8_tensor, stream);
-                /*
-                DPCT1010:90: SYCL uses exceptions to report errors and does not
-                use the error codes. The call was replaced with 0. You need to
-                rewrite this code.
-                */
-                SYCL_CHECK(0);
+                try {
+                    quantize_row_q8_1_sycl<quantize_f>(dev[i].src1_ddf, dev[i].src1_ddq, ne10, nrows1, src1_padded_col_size, stream);
+                } catch (sycl::exception const &exc) {
+                    std::cerr << "Quantize_row_q8_1_sycl error" << exc.what() << "Exception caught at file:" << __FILE__
+                              << ", line:" << __LINE__ << std::endl;
+                    std::exit(1);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -2524,11 +2698,6 @@ static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_ten
     // here an event is recorded that signals that the main device has finished calculating the input data
     if (split && used_devices > 1) {
         ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device);
-        /*
-        DPCT1024:91: The original code returned the error code that was further
-        consumed by the program logic. This original code was replaced with 0.
-        You may need to rewrite the program logic consuming the error code.
-        */
         SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(
             *src0_extra->events[ctx.device][0] =
                 ctx.stream()->ext_oneapi_submit_barrier()));
@@ -2552,11 +2721,6 @@ static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_ten
 
             // wait for main GPU data if necessary
             if (split && (i != ctx.device || is != 0)) {
-                /*
-                DPCT1009:163: SYCL uses exceptions to report errors and does not
-                use the error codes. The original code was commented out and a
-                warning string was inserted. You need to rewrite this code.
-                */
                 SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(stream->ext_oneapi_submit_barrier(
                     {*src0_extra->events[ctx.device][0]})));
             }
@@ -2582,39 +2746,42 @@ static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_ten
                 // copy src0, src1 to device if necessary
                 if (src1_is_contiguous) {
                     if (i != ctx.device) {
-                        if (convert_src1_to_q8_1) {
+                        if constexpr (quantize_enabled) {
                             char * src1_ddq_i_source = dev[ctx.device].src1_ddq + src1_ddq_i_offset;
-                          SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(stream->memcpy(
-                                src1_ddq_i, src1_ddq_i_source,
-                                src1_ncols * src1_padded_col_size * q8_1_ts /
-                                    q8_1_bs).wait()));
+                            SYCL_CHECK(
+                                CHECK_TRY_ERROR(stream
+                                                    ->memcpy(src1_ddq_i, src1_ddq_i_source,
+                                                             src1_ncols * src1_padded_col_size * q8_1_ts / q8_1_bs)
+                                                    .wait()));
                         } else {
-
                             float * src1_ddf_i_source = (float *) src1_extra->data_device[ctx.device];
-                            src1_ddf_i_source += (i0*ne11 + src1_col_0) * ne10;
+                            src1_ddf_i_source += (i0 * ne11 + src1_col_0) * ne10;
 
-                            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dev2dev_memcpy(*stream, *main_stream,
-                                src1_ddf_i, src1_ddf_i_source,
-                                src1_ncols * ne10 * sizeof(float))));
+                            SYCL_CHECK(
+                                CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dev2dev_memcpy(*stream, *main_stream, src1_ddf_i, src1_ddf_i_source,
+                                                               src1_ncols * ne10 * sizeof(float))));
                         }
                     }
-                } else if (src1_on_device && !src1_is_contiguous) {
-                    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_cpy_tensor_2d(
-                                   src1_ddf_i, src1, i03, i02, src1_col_0, src1_col_0+src1_ncols, stream));
                 } else {
-                    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                }
+                    if (src1_on_device) {
+                        SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_cpy_tensor_2d(src1_ddf_i, src1, i03, i02, src1_col_0,
+                                                           src1_col_0 + src1_ncols, stream));
+                    } else {
+                        GGML_ABORT("src1 is non-contiguous and not on device");
+                    }
 
-                if (convert_src1_to_q8_1 && !src1_is_contiguous) {
-                    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, "/quantize_row_q8_1_sycl", dst,
-                                                         /*num_src=*/2, " : converting src1 to Q8_1");
-                    quantize_row_q8_1_sycl(src1_ddf_i, src1_ddq_i, ne10, src1_ncols, src1_padded_col_size, false, stream);
-                    /*
-                    DPCT1010:92: SYCL uses exceptions to report errors and does
-                    not use the error codes. The call was replaced with 0. You
-                    need to rewrite this code.
-                    */
-                    SYCL_CHECK(0);
+                    if constexpr (quantize_enabled) {
+                        scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, "/quantize_row_q8_1_sycl", dst,
+                                                             /*num_src=*/2, " : converting src1 to Q8_1");
+                        try {
+                            quantize_row_q8_1_sycl<quantize_q8_1>(src1_ddf_i, src1_ddq_i, ne10, src1_ncols,
+                                                                  src1_padded_col_size, stream);
+                        } catch (const sycl::exception & exc) {
+                            std::cerr << "Quantize_row_q8_1_sycl error" << exc.what()
+                                      << "Exception caught at file:" << __FILE__ << ", line:" << __LINE__ << std::endl;
+                            std::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
 
                 if (src1_col_0 == 0 && !src0_is_contiguous && i02 % i02_divisor == 0) {
@@ -2626,12 +2793,6 @@ static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_ten
                 // do the computation
                 SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(op(ctx, src0, src1, dst, src0_dd_i, src1_ddf_i, src1_ddq_i, dst_dd_i,
                     dev[i].row_low, dev[i].row_high, src1_ncols, src1_padded_col_size, stream)));
-                /*
-                DPCT1010:93: SYCL uses exceptions to report errors and does not
-                use the error codes. The call was replaced with 0. You need to
-                rewrite this code.
-                */
-                SYCL_CHECK(0);
 
                 // copy dst to host or other device if necessary
                 if (!dst_on_device) {
@@ -2662,12 +2823,6 @@ static void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_ten
 
                 // add event for the main device to wait on until other device is done
                 if (split && (i != ctx.device || is != 0)) {
-                    /*
-                    DPCT1024:94: The original code returned the error code that
-                    was further consumed by the program logic. This original
-                    code was replaced with 0. You may need to rewrite the
-                    program logic consuming the error code.
-                    */
                     SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(
                         *src0_extra->events[i][is] =
                             stream->ext_oneapi_submit_barrier()));
@@ -2700,6 +2855,10 @@ catch (sycl::exception const &exc) {
   std::exit(1);
 }
 
+static void ggml_sycl_repeat_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_repeat_back(ctx, dst);
+}
 
 static void ggml_sycl_get_rows(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
@@ -2716,6 +2875,11 @@ static void ggml_sycl_rms_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * ds
     ggml_sycl_op_rms_norm(ctx, dst);
 }
 
+static void ggml_sycl_rms_norm_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
+    ggml_sycl_op_rms_norm_back(ctx, dst);
+}
+
 static void ggml_sycl_l2_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
     ggml_sycl_op_l2_norm(ctx, dst);
@@ -2766,6 +2930,8 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_vec_nc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_backend_buffer_is_sycl_split(src0->buffer));
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[1] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[3] == 1);
 
     const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
@@ -2775,6 +2941,7 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_vec_nc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml
     const int64_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];
 
     const int64_t ne12 = src1->ne[2];
+    const int64_t nb11 = src1->nb[1];
 
     SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
     queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
@@ -2785,8 +2952,9 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_vec_nc(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml
 
     const int64_t row_stride_x = nb01 / sizeof(sycl::half);
     const int64_t channel_stride_x = nb02 / sizeof(sycl::half);
+    const int64_t channel_stride_y = nb11 / sizeof(float);
 
-    ggml_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_sycl(src0_ddq, src1_ddf, dst_ddf, ne00, ne01, row_stride_x, ne02, ne12, channel_stride_x, main_stream);
+    ggml_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_sycl(src0_ddq, src1_ddf, dst_ddf, ne00, ne01, row_stride_x, ne02, ne12, channel_stride_x,channel_stride_y, main_stream);
 }
 catch (sycl::exception const &exc) {
   std::cerr << exc.what() << "Exception caught at file:" << __FILE__
@@ -2840,8 +3008,11 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, cons
     float *            dst_ddf  = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
 
     const sycl::half * src1_f16       = static_cast<const sycl::half *>(src1->data);
+    const size_t       type_size_src0 = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const size_t       type_size_src1 = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == type_size_src1);
+
+    bool is_src0_cont_2 = ggml_is_contiguous_2(src0);
+    bool is_src1_cont_2 = ggml_is_contiguous_2(src1);
 
     // SRC1 strides
     int64_t                          s11 = nb11 / type_size_src1;
@@ -2853,16 +3024,47 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, cons
     if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
         scope_op_debug_print    scope_dbg_print(__func__, "/to_fp16_nc_sycl", dst, /*num_src=*/2,
                                                 " : converting src1 to fp16");
-        const to_fp16_nc_sycl_t to_fp16_nc_sycl = get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(src1->type);
-        GGML_ASSERT(to_fp16_nc_sycl != nullptr);
+
+        // iterate tensor dims and find the slowest moving dim and stride
+        int last_dim=0;
+        int last_str=0;
+        size_t largest_str=0;
+        for(int i = 0; i< 4; i++){
+            // last stride is always the largest
+            if(src1->nb[i] == largest_str){
+                if(src1->ne[last_dim] == 1){
+                    last_str = i;
+                    last_dim = i;
+                }
+            }
+            if(src1->nb[i] > largest_str){
+                largest_str = src1->nb[i];
+                last_str = i;
+                last_dim = i;
+            }
+
+        }
+#if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
+        // oneDNN handles strided data and does not need overhead of ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_sycl
+        const int64_t ne_src1 = src1->nb[last_str] * src1->ne[last_dim] / type_size_src1;
+        src1_f16_alloc.alloc(ne_src1);
+        const to_fp16_sycl_t to_fp16_sycl = ggml_get_to_fp16_sycl(src1->type, dst);
+        GGML_ASSERT(to_fp16_sycl != nullptr);
+        to_fp16_sycl(src1_f16, src1_f16_alloc.get(), ne_src1, queue);
+# else
         const int64_t ne_src1 = ggml_nelements(src1);
         src1_f16_alloc.alloc(ne_src1);
+        const to_fp16_nc_sycl_t to_fp16_nc_sycl = ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(src1->type);
+        GGML_ASSERT(to_fp16_nc_sycl != nullptr);
         to_fp16_nc_sycl(src1_f16, src1_f16_alloc.get(), ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s11, s12, s13, queue);
+#endif
 
         src1_f16 = src1_f16_alloc.get();
         s11      = ne10;
         s12      = ne11 * s11;
         s13      = ne12 * s12;
+
+        is_src1_cont_2 = true;
     }
 
     ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<sycl::half> dst_f16(ctx.pool());
@@ -2891,48 +3093,115 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, cons
 
 #if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
     if (!g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn) {
-        auto dnn_gemm = [&ctx, queue, ne11, ne01, ne10, nb00, nb01, nb02, s11, s12]
-            (const sycl::half* src1, const sycl::half* src0, float* dst, const dnnl_dim_t batches_a, const dnnl_dim_t batches_b) {
-
-            DnnlGemmWrapper::gemm(ctx, ne11,ne01, ne10,
-                            src1, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), s11, 1, s12,
-                            src0, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), 1, nb01/nb00, nb02/nb00,
-                            dst, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(), queue, batches_a, batches_b);
-        };
-
-        if (r2 == 1 && r3 == 1) {
-            if (ggml_is_contiguous_2(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous_2(src1)) {
-                dnn_gemm(src1_f16, src0_f16, dst_ddf, ne12*ne13, ne02 * ne03);
-            }
-            else {
-                for (int64_t ie03 = 0; ie03 < ne03; ++ie03) {
-                    const sycl::half* src0_f16_shifted = src0_f16 + ((ie03*nb03)/sizeof(sycl::half)); // nb is in bytes
-                    const sycl::half* src1_f16_shifted = src1_f16 + ie03*s13;
-                    float* dst_shifted = dst_ddf + ((ie03*nb3)/sizeof(float));
-                    dnn_gemm(src1_f16_shifted, src0_f16_shifted, dst_shifted, ne12, ne02);
+            int64_t str_a0 = nb00 / type_size_src0;
+            int64_t str_a1 = nb01 / type_size_src0;
+            int64_t str_a2 = nb02 / type_size_src0;
+
+            int64_t str_b0 = nb10 / type_size_src1;
+            int64_t str_b1 = nb11 / type_size_src1;
+            int64_t str_b2 = nb12 / type_size_src1;
+
+            auto launch_gemm_for_batches = [&ctx, queue](const sycl::half *src0,
+                                                const sycl::half *src1, float *dst,
+                                                int64_t a0, int64_t a1, int64_t batcha,
+                                                int64_t /*b0*/, int64_t b1, int64_t batchb,
+                                                int64_t sa0, int64_t sa1, int64_t sa2,
+                                                int64_t sb0, int64_t sb1, int64_t sb2,
+                                                int64_t sd2) {
+                bool supported_broadcast = batchb == batcha ? true
+                        : batchb == 1 || batcha == 1        ? true
+                                                            : false;
+                if (supported_broadcast) {
+                    DnnlGemmWrapper::gemm(ctx, a1, b1, a0, src0,
+                            DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), sa0, sa1, sa2, src1,
+                            DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), sb0, sb1, sb2, dst,
+                            DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(), queue, batcha, batchb);
+                } else {
+                    // iterate over batches from smaller set of matrices (matrix 0)
+                    int64_t batches0 = batcha;
+                    int64_t batches1 = batchb;
+
+                    if (batches0 > batches1) {
+                        int64_t num_mul_mats = batches1;
+                        int64_t sub_batch = batches0 / num_mul_mats;
+                        // src0 is batched and bigger, shift and multiply with src1
+                        for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < num_mul_mats; i0++) {
+                            const sycl::half *src0_shifted = src0 + (sa2 * i0 * sub_batch);
+                            const sycl::half *src1_shifted = src1 + (sb2 * i0);
+                            float *dst_shifted = dst + (sd2 * i0 * sub_batch);
+                            DnnlGemmWrapper::gemm(ctx, a1, b1, a0, src0_shifted,
+                                    DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), sa0, sa1, sa2,
+                                    src1_shifted, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), sb0,
+                                    sb1, sb2, dst_shifted, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(),
+                                    queue, sub_batch, 1);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        int64_t num_mul_mats = batches0;
+                        int64_t sub_batch = batches1 / num_mul_mats;
+                        // src1 is batched and bigger, shift and multiply with src0
+                        for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < num_mul_mats; i1++) {
+                            const sycl::half *src0_shifted = src0 + (sa2 * i1);
+                            const sycl::half *src1_shifted = src1 + (sb2 * i1 * sub_batch);
+                            float *dst_shifted = dst + (sd2 * i1 * sub_batch);
+                            DnnlGemmWrapper::gemm(ctx, a1, b1, a0, src0_shifted,
+                                    DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), sa0, sa1, sa2,
+                                    src1_shifted, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<sycl::half>(), sb0,
+                                    sb1, sb2, dst_shifted, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(),
+                                    queue, 1, sub_batch);
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // iterate over batches from smaller set of matrices (matrix 0)
-            for (int64_t ie02 = 0; ie02 < ne02; ++ie02) {
-                for (int64_t ie03 = 0; ie03 < ne03; ++ie03) {
-                    const sycl::half* src0_f16_shifted = src0_f16 + ((ie02*nb02 + ie03*nb03)/sizeof(sycl::half));
-                    const sycl::half* src1_f16_shifted = src1_f16 + ie02*s12*r2 + ie03*s13*r3;
-                    float* dst_shifted = dst_ddf + ((ie02*nb2*r2 + ie03*nb3*r3)/sizeof(float));
-                    dnn_gemm(src1_f16_shifted, src0_f16_shifted, dst_shifted, r2*r3, 1);
+            };
+
+            const bool cont_batches_dim2_a = nb02 * ne02 == nb03;
+            const bool cont_batches_dim2_b = nb12 * ne12 == nb13;
+            const bool cont_batches_dim3_a = ne02 == 1 && nb02 * ne01 == nb03;
+            const bool cont_batches_dim3_b = ne12 == 1 && nb12 * ne11 == nb13;
+            if (cont_batches_dim2_a && cont_batches_dim2_b) {
+                // A batch is considered contiguous if the dimension 2 is not strided
+                int64_t batches0 = ne02 * ne03;
+                int64_t batches1 = ne12 * ne13;
+                launch_gemm_for_batches(src0_f16, src1_f16, dst_ddf, ne00, ne01, batches0,
+                        ne10, ne11, batches1, str_a0, str_a1, str_a2, str_b0, str_b1,
+                        str_b2, nb2 / sizeof(float));
+            } else if (cont_batches_dim3_a && cont_batches_dim3_b) {
+                // This case is similar to the one above with the difference that only the batch in dimension 3 is used and the dimension 2 is of size 1.
+                int64_t batches0 = ne02 * ne03;
+                int64_t batches1 = ne12 * ne13;
+                int64_t str_a3 = nb03 / type_size_src0;
+                int64_t str_b3 = nb13 / type_size_src1;
+                launch_gemm_for_batches(src0_f16, src1_f16, dst_ddf, ne00, ne01, batches0,
+                        ne10, ne11, batches1, str_a0, str_a1, str_a3, str_b0, str_b1,
+                        str_b3, nb2 / sizeof(float));
+            } else {
+                for (int64_t b_a = 0; b_a < ne03; b_a++) {
+                    const sycl::half *src0_f16_shifted
+                            = src0_f16 + (nb03 * b_a / type_size_src0);
+                    const sycl::half *src1_f16_shifted
+                            = src1_f16 + (nb13 * b_a / type_size_src1);
+                    float *dst_shifted = dst_ddf + (nb3 * b_a / sizeof(float));
+                    int64_t batches0 = ne02;
+                    int64_t batches1 = ne12;
+                    launch_gemm_for_batches(src0_f16_shifted, src1_f16_shifted, dst_shifted,
+                            ne00, ne01, batches0, ne10, ne11, batches1, str_a0, str_a1,
+                            str_a2, str_b0, str_b1, str_b2, nb2 / sizeof(float));
                 }
             }
-        }
+
     }
     else
 #endif
     {
-        if (r2 == 1 && r3 == 1 && ggml_is_contiguous_2(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous_2(src1)) {
+        if (r2 == 1 && r3 == 1 && is_src0_cont_2 && is_src1_cont_2) {
+            // with a [0, 2, 1, 3] perm. and ne02==1 the matrix strides need to be determined from dim 3:
+            const int64_t sma = ne02 == 1 ? nb03/nb00 : nb02/nb00;
+            const int64_t smb = ne12 == 1 ? s13       : s12;
+
             // there is no broadcast and src0, src1 are contiguous across dims 2, 3
-            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dpct::gemm_batch(*queue, oneapi::math::transpose::trans,
-                                                        oneapi::math::transpose::nontrans, ne01, ne11, ne10, alpha,
-                                                        src0_f16, dpct::library_data_t::real_half, nb01 / nb00, nb02 / nb00,
-                                                        src1_f16, dpct::library_data_t::real_half, s11, s12, beta, dst_ddf,
+            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dpct::gemm_batch(*queue, oneapi::mkl::transpose::trans,
+                                                        oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans, ne01, ne11, ne10, alpha,
+                                                        src0_f16, dpct::library_data_t::real_half, nb01 / nb00, sma,
+                                                        src1_f16, dpct::library_data_t::real_half, s11, smb, beta, dst_ddf,
                                                         mkl_data_type, ne0, ne1 * ne0, ne12 * ne13, mkl_compute_type)));
         } else {
             const int ne23 = ne12 * ne13;
@@ -2947,14 +3216,14 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, cons
                 void **       ptrs_dst_get = ptrs_dst.get();
                 size_t        nb12_scaled  = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? nb12 : s12 * sizeof(sycl::half);
                 size_t        nb13_scaled  = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? nb13 : s13 * sizeof(sycl::half);
-                sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                     k_compute_batched_ptrs(src0_f16, src1_f16, dst_ddf, ptrs_src_get, ptrs_dst_get, ne12, ne13, ne23, nb02,
                                            nb03, nb12_scaled, nb13_scaled, nbd2, nbd3, r2, r3, item_ct1);
                 });
             });
 
             SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dpct::gemm_batch(
-                *queue, oneapi::math::transpose::trans, oneapi::math::transpose::nontrans, ne01, ne11, ne10, alpha,
+                *queue, oneapi::mkl::transpose::trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans, ne01, ne11, ne10, alpha,
                 (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 0 * ne23), dpct::library_data_t::real_half, nb01 / nb00,
                 (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 1 * ne23), dpct::library_data_t::real_half, s11, beta,
                 (void **) (ptrs_dst.get() + 0 * ne23), mkl_data_type, ne0, ne23, mkl_compute_type, matrix_info.get())));
@@ -3028,19 +3297,51 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_supports_dmmv(enum ggml_type type) {
     }
 }
 
+// Helper functions to unify device memory allocation for both async and sync paths
+static inline void * sycl_ext_malloc_device(dpct::queue_ptr stream, size_t size) {
+    bool use_async = g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op;
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_GRAPH) && SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ASYNC_MEMORY_ALLOC
+    if (use_async) {
+        return syclex::async_malloc(*stream, sycl::usm::alloc::device, size);
+    }
+#else
+    // If async allocation extension is not available, use_async should always be false.
+    GGML_ASSERT(!use_async);
+#endif
+    return sycl::malloc(size, *stream, sycl::usm::alloc::device);
+}
+
+static inline void sycl_ext_free(dpct::queue_ptr stream, void * ptr) {
+    bool use_async = g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op;
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_GRAPH) && SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ASYNC_MEMORY_ALLOC
+    if (use_async) {
+        syclex::async_free(*stream, ptr);
+        return;
+    }
+#else
+    // If async allocation extension is not available, use_async should always be false.
+    GGML_ASSERT(!use_async);
+#endif
+    sycl::free(ptr, *stream);
+}
+
 static void reorder_qw_q4_0(uint8_t * data_device, const int ncols, const int nrows, size_t size, size_t offset,
                             dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
-    auto * tmp_buf = sycl::malloc_shared<uint8_t>(size, *stream);
-    SYCL_CHECK(
-        CHECK_TRY_ERROR((*stream).memcpy(tmp_buf, data_device, size)
-            .wait()));
+    uint8_t * tmp_buf = static_cast<uint8_t *>(sycl_ext_malloc_device(stream, size));
+
+    sycl::event copy_event;
+    SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(copy_event = stream->memcpy(tmp_buf, data_device, size)));
+    if (!g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+        copy_event.wait();
+    }
+
     GGML_ASSERT((size % sizeof(block_q4_0) == 0));
     GGML_ASSERT((offset % sizeof(block_q4_0) == 0));
     int offset_blks = offset / sizeof(block_q4_0);
     auto qs_ptr      = data_device + offset_blks * QK4_0 / 2;
     auto d_ptr = (sycl::half*)(qs_ptr + ncols * nrows / 2) + offset_blks;
 
-    stream->parallel_for(
+    auto reorder_event = stream->parallel_for(
         size / sizeof(block_q4_0),
             [=](auto i) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
             const block_q4_0* x = (const block_q4_0*)tmp_buf;
@@ -3051,9 +3352,11 @@ static void reorder_qw_q4_0(uint8_t * data_device, const int ncols, const int nr
                 *(qs_ptr + ib * QK4_0 / 2 + j) = x[ib].qs[j];
             }
             *(d_ptr + ib) = x[ib].d;
-        }).wait_and_throw();
-
-    sycl::free(tmp_buf, *stream);
+        });
+    if (!g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+        reorder_event.wait_and_throw();
+    }
+    sycl_ext_free(stream, tmp_buf);
 }
 
 static void reorder_qw_q4_k(uint8_t * data_device, size_t size, size_t offset, dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
@@ -3062,14 +3365,19 @@ static void reorder_qw_q4_k(uint8_t * data_device, size_t size, size_t offset, d
 
     const int nblocks = size / sizeof(block_q4_K);
 
-    auto * tmp_buf = sycl::malloc_shared<uint8_t>(size, *stream);
-    SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR((*stream).memcpy(tmp_buf, data_device, size).wait()));
+    uint8_t * tmp_buf = static_cast<uint8_t *>(sycl_ext_malloc_device(stream, size));
+
+    sycl::event copy_event;
+    SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(copy_event = stream->memcpy(tmp_buf, data_device, size)));
+    if (!g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+        copy_event.wait();
+    }
 
     auto * qs_ptr     = data_device;
     auto * scales_ptr = qs_ptr + QK_K / 2 * nblocks;
     auto * dm_ptr     = (sycl::half2 *) (scales_ptr + K_SCALE_SIZE * nblocks);
 
-    stream->parallel_for(nblocks, [=](auto i) {
+    auto reorder_event = stream->parallel_for(nblocks, [=](auto i) {
         const block_q4_K * x  = (const block_q4_K *) tmp_buf;
         const int          ib = i;
 
@@ -3082,9 +3390,11 @@ static void reorder_qw_q4_k(uint8_t * data_device, size_t size, size_t offset, d
         }
 
         dm_ptr[ib] = x[ib].dm;
-    }).wait_and_throw();
-
-    sycl::free(tmp_buf, *stream);
+    });
+    if (!g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+        reorder_event.wait_and_throw();
+    }
+    sycl_ext_free(stream, tmp_buf);
 }
 
 static void reorder_qw_q6_k(uint8_t * data_device, size_t size, size_t offset, dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
@@ -3093,42 +3403,46 @@ static void reorder_qw_q6_k(uint8_t * data_device, size_t size, size_t offset, d
 
     const int nblocks = size / sizeof(block_q6_K);
 
-    auto * tmp_buf = sycl::malloc_shared<uint8_t>(size, *stream);
-    SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR((*stream).memcpy(tmp_buf, data_device, size).wait()));
+    uint8_t * tmp_buf = static_cast<uint8_t *>(sycl_ext_malloc_device(stream, size));
+
+    sycl::event copy_event;
+    SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(copy_event = stream->memcpy(tmp_buf, data_device, size)));
+    if (!g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+        copy_event.wait();
+    }
 
     auto *       ql_ptr     = data_device;
     auto *       qh_ptr     = ql_ptr + (QK_K / 2) * nblocks;
     auto *       scales_ptr = qh_ptr + (QK_K / 4) * nblocks;
     sycl::half * dm_ptr     = (sycl::half *) (scales_ptr + (QK_K / 16) * nblocks);
 
-    stream
-        ->parallel_for(nblocks,
-                       [=](auto i) {
-                           const block_q6_K * x  = (const block_q6_K *) tmp_buf;
-                           const int          ib = i;
-
-                           const uint8_t * ql              = x[ib].ql;
-                           const uint8_t * qh              = x[ib].qh;
-                           uint8_t *       base_ql_ptr     = ql_ptr + (QK_K / 2) * ib;
-                           uint8_t *       base_qh_ptr     = qh_ptr + (QK_K / 4) * ib;
-                           uint8_t *       base_scales_ptr = scales_ptr + (QK_K / 16) * ib;
+    auto reorder_event = stream->parallel_for(nblocks, [=](auto i) {
+        const block_q6_K * x  = (const block_q6_K *) tmp_buf;
+        const int          ib = i;
 
-                           for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 2; ++j) {
-                               base_ql_ptr[j] = ql[j];
-                           }
-                           for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 4; ++j) {
-                               base_qh_ptr[j] = qh[j];
-                           }
+        const uint8_t * ql              = x[ib].ql;
+        const uint8_t * qh              = x[ib].qh;
+        uint8_t *       base_ql_ptr     = ql_ptr + (QK_K / 2) * ib;
+        uint8_t *       base_qh_ptr     = qh_ptr + (QK_K / 4) * ib;
+        uint8_t *       base_scales_ptr = scales_ptr + (QK_K / 16) * ib;
 
-                           for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 16; ++j) {
-                               base_scales_ptr[j] = x[ib].scales[j];
-                           }
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 2; ++j) {
+            base_ql_ptr[j] = ql[j];
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 4; ++j) {
+            base_qh_ptr[j] = qh[j];
+        }
 
-                           dm_ptr[ib] = x[ib].d;
-                       })
-        .wait_and_throw();
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K / 16; ++j) {
+            base_scales_ptr[j] = x[ib].scales[j];
+        }
 
-    sycl::free(tmp_buf, *stream);
+        dm_ptr[ib] = x[ib].d;
+    });
+    if (!g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+        reorder_event.wait_and_throw();
+    }
+    sycl_ext_free(stream, tmp_buf);
 }
 
 static void reorder_qw(const ggml_tensor * src0, dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
@@ -3235,20 +3549,19 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
     bool use_mul_mat_q =  ggml_sycl_supports_mmq(src0->type)
         && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
 
+
     // mmvq and mmq need the __dp4a instruction which is available for gen12+
-    // Workaround in https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/commit/95f84d5ce8b449a9b16009434aca800df504a02e
+    // Workaround in https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/commit/95f84d5ce8b449a9b16009434aca800df504a02e
     use_mul_mat_q = use_mul_mat_q && (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS);
 #ifdef SYCL_USE_XMX
     use_mul_mat_q = use_mul_mat_q && (src1->ne[1] <= MMQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE);
 #endif // SYCL_USE_XMX
 
-
-    // mmvq path is faster in the CUDA backend.
-    if (!g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv && (ctx.stream()->get_backend() == sycl::backend::ext_oneapi_cuda
-        // Dispatch becomes obscure with the reorder, MMVQ when the reorder optimization
-        // is enabled takes precedence over DMMV, the current if-else implementation
-        // requires disabling DMMV if both conditions are met
-        || (should_reorder_tensor(ctx, dst) && ggml_sycl_supports_reorder_mmvq(src0->type)))) {
+    // Dispatch becomes obscure with the reorder, MMVQ when the reorder optimization
+    // is enabled takes precedence over DMMV, the current if-else implementation
+    // requires disabling DMMV if both conditions are met
+    if (!g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv && ((should_reorder_tensor(ctx, dst) &&
+                                          ggml_sycl_supports_reorder_mmvq(src0->type)))) {
         use_dequantize_mul_mat_vec = use_dequantize_mul_mat_vec && !use_mul_mat_vec_q;
     }
 
@@ -3262,26 +3575,27 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
             // The kernel from the if path is faster for that specific case, but does not support all mul mats.
             ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
         }
-    } else if (!split && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && !ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && !ggml_is_transposed(src1) && src1->ne[1] == 1) {
+    } else if (!split && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && !ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && !ggml_is_transposed(src1) && src1->ne[1] == 1 && src1->ne[3] == 1) {
         // KQV single-batch
         ggml_sycl_mul_mat_vec_nc(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
-    } else if (!split && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && !ggml_is_transposed(src0) && !ggml_is_transposed(src1) && src1->ne[2]*src1->ne[3] > 1) {
+    } else if (!split && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && !ggml_is_transposed(src0) && !ggml_is_transposed(src1) && src1->ne[2] * src1->ne[3] > 1) {
         // KQ + KQV multi-batch
         ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
     } else if (use_dequantize_mul_mat_vec) {
-        constexpr bool convert_src1_to_q8_1 = false;
         opt_for_reorder(&ctx, src0, src1, dst, mul_mat_algo::DMMV);
-        ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_dequantize_mul_mat_vec, convert_src1_to_q8_1);
+        ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat<no_quantize_q8_1>(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_dequantize_mul_mat_vec);
     } else if (use_mul_mat_vec_q) {
-        constexpr bool convert_src1_to_q8_1 = true;
         opt_for_reorder(&ctx, src0, src1, dst, mul_mat_algo::MMVQ);
-        ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_vec_q, convert_src1_to_q8_1);
+        ggml_tensor_extra_gpu * extra = static_cast<ggml_tensor_extra_gpu *>(src0->extra);
+        if (extra && extra->optimized_feature.reorder) {
+            ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat<quantize_and_reorder_q8_1_soa>(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_vec_q);
+        } else {
+            ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat<quantize_q8_1>(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_vec_q);
+        }
     } else if (use_mul_mat_q) {
-        constexpr bool convert_src1_to_q8_1 = true;
-        ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_q, convert_src1_to_q8_1);
+        ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat<quantize_q8_1>(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_q);
     } else {
-        constexpr bool convert_src1_to_q8_1 = false;
-        ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_sycl, convert_src1_to_q8_1);
+        ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat<no_quantize_q8_1>(ctx, src0, src1, dst, ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_sycl);
     }
 }
 
@@ -3448,10 +3762,13 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
             SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(
                 stream->memset(dev_cur_src1_row.get(), 0, sizeof(int))));
 
+            const unsigned int max_work_group_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[ctx.device];
+            assert(max_work_group_size % (WARP_SIZE * WARP_SIZE) == 0);
+
             {
-                sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, std::min((unsigned int)ne10, 768u));
+                sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, std::min((unsigned int)ne10, max_work_group_size));
                 sycl::range<3> grid_dims(1, n_ids, ids->ne[1]);
-                sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+                stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                     sycl::local_accessor<int, 0> src1_row_acc(cgh);
 
                     char *__restrict src1_contiguous_get =
@@ -3463,8 +3780,9 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
                     size_t ids_nb_ct6 = ids->nb[1];
                     size_t ids_nb_ct7 = ids->nb[0];
 
-                    sycl_parallel_for(
-                        cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                    cgh.parallel_for(
+                        sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                             k_copy_src1_to_contiguous(
                                 src1_original, src1_contiguous_get,
                                 dev_cur_src1_row_get,
@@ -3493,16 +3811,17 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
             ggml_sycl_mul_mat(ctx, &src0_row, &src1_row, &dst_row);
 
             {
-                sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, std::min((unsigned int)ne0, 768u));
+                sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, std::min((unsigned int)ne0, max_work_group_size));
                 sycl::range<3> grid_dims(1, 1, num_src1_rows);
-                sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+                stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                     const char *__restrict dst_contiguous_get =
                         dst_contiguous.get();
                     const mmid_row_mapping *__restrict dev_row_mapping_get =
                         dev_row_mapping.get();
 
-                    sycl_parallel_for(
-                        cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                    cgh.parallel_for(
+                        sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                             k_copy_dst_from_contiguous(dst_original,
                                                        dst_contiguous_get,
                                                        dev_row_mapping_get,
@@ -3551,6 +3870,12 @@ static void ggml_sycl_sum_rows(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * ds
     ggml_sycl_op_sum_rows(ctx, dst);
 }
 
+static void ggml_sycl_mean(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst->src[0]));
+    ggml_sycl_op_mean(ctx, dst);
+}
+
 static void ggml_sycl_argsort(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst->src[0]));
@@ -3602,9 +3927,18 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
             ggml_sycl_repeat(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
+            ggml_sycl_repeat_back(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
             ggml_sycl_get_rows(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+            ggml_sycl_op_set(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            ggml_sycl_op_set_rows(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
             ggml_sycl_dup(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -3612,9 +3946,15 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_ADD1: // TODO: more efficient implementation
             ggml_sycl_add(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            ggml_sycl_add_id(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_SUB:
             ggml_sycl_sub(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+            ggml_sycl_count_equal(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
             ggml_sycl_acc(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -3665,6 +4005,9 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
                     ggml_sycl_exp(ctx, dst);
                     break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                    ggml_sycl_softplus(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
                     ggml_sycl_sgn(ctx, dst);
                     break;
@@ -3674,6 +4017,42 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
                     ggml_sycl_elu(ctx, dst);
                     break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                    ggml_sycl_floor(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                    ggml_sycl_ceil(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                    ggml_sycl_round(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                    ggml_sycl_trunc(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(dst)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                    ggml_sycl_reglu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                    ggml_sycl_geglu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                    ggml_sycl_swiglu(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                    ggml_sycl_swiglu_oai(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                    ggml_sycl_geglu_erf(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    ggml_sycl_geglu_quick(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
@@ -3687,6 +4066,9 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
             ggml_sycl_op_concat(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
+            ggml_sycl_op_pad_reflect_1d(ctx,dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
             ggml_sycl_upscale(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -3696,6 +4078,9 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
             ggml_sycl_leaky_relu(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
+            ggml_sycl_rms_norm_back(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
             ggml_sycl_rms_norm(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -3749,15 +4134,24 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
             GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("%s: Tensor NO-OP\n", __func__);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            ggml_sycl_op_tri(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
             ggml_sycl_diag_mask_inf(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
             ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK:
+            ggml_sycl_op_soft_max_back(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_ROPE:
             ggml_sycl_rope(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
+            ggml_sycl_rope_back(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
             ggml_sycl_im2col(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -3770,9 +4164,15 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
             ggml_sycl_sum_rows(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+            ggml_sycl_mean(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
             ggml_sycl_argsort(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            ggml_sycl_op_top_k(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
             ggml_sycl_op_timestep_embedding(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -3785,6 +4185,21 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
             ggml_sycl_op_gated_linear_attn(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+            ggml_sycl_gated_delta_net(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            ggml_sycl_ssm_conv(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+            ggml_sycl_roll(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+            ggml_sycl_arange(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -3792,6 +4207,7 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
     return true;
 } catch (sycl::exception & e) {
     std::cerr << e.what() << "Exception caught at file:" << __FILE__ << ", line:" << __LINE__ << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "Error OP "<<ggml_op_name(dst->op)<< std::endl;
     std::exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -3814,16 +4230,6 @@ void ggml_backend_sycl_get_device_memory(int device, size_t *free,
     GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("[SYCL] call ggml_backend_sycl_get_device_memory\n");
     ggml_sycl_set_device(device);
 
-    /*
-    DPCT1009:218: SYCL uses exceptions to report errors and does not use the
-    error codes. The original code was commented out and a warning string was
-    inserted. You need to rewrite this code.
-    */
-    /*
-    DPCT1106:217: 'cudaMemGetInfo' was migrated with the Intel extensions for
-    device information which may not be supported by all compilers or runtimes.
-    You may need to adjust the code.
-    */
     SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(
         dpct::dev_mgr::instance().get_device(device).get_memory_info(*free, *total)));
 }
@@ -3945,6 +4351,9 @@ static void ggml_backend_sycl_graph_compute_impl(ggml_backend_sycl_context * syc
         if (ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
             continue;
         }
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         assert(node->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_sycl_buffer_type(sycl_ctx->device));
         for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
@@ -3986,6 +4395,18 @@ static bool check_graph_compatibility(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
                 GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: disabling SYCL graphs due to unsupported node type %s\n", __func__,
                               ggml_op_name(node_op));
                 return false;
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                // We cannot use graphs with ggml_sycl_mul_mat() when SYCL async memory allocation extensions are not available,
+                // as SYCL malloc / free and host wait calls are not supported when recording to a graph which are all present
+                // in reordering.
+                if (!g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op) {
+                    GGML_LOG_INFO(
+                        "%s: disabling SYCL graphs due to unsupported node type when using a compiler without the "
+                        "oneAPI async memory allocation extension "
+                        "%s\n",
+                        __func__, ggml_op_name(node_op));
+                    return false;
+                }
         }
     }
     return true;
@@ -4087,6 +4508,7 @@ static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_sycl_interface = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_sycl_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ ggml_backend_sycl_event_record,
     /* .event_wait              = */ ggml_backend_sycl_event_wait,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_sycl_guid() {
@@ -4109,6 +4531,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_sycl_device_context {
     int device;
     std::string name;
     std::string description;
+    int op_offload_min_batch_size;
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_sycl_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -4179,6 +4602,9 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_sycl_device_buffer_from_host_ptr(ggml_
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_backend_sycl_device_context *sycl_ctx =
+        (ggml_backend_sycl_device_context *)dev->context;
+    int device = sycl_ctx->device;
     switch (op->op) {
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
             {
@@ -4191,21 +4617,27 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
             }
         case GGML_OP_UNARY:
             switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
-                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                    return true;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
 #if defined (GGML_SYCL_F16)
                     return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && (op->type == op->src[0]->type);
 #else
@@ -4214,18 +4646,25 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous_1(op->src[0]);
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
             {
-                struct ggml_tensor * a;
-                struct ggml_tensor * b;
-                if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
-                    a = op->src[0];
-                    b = op->src[1];
-                } else {
-                    a = op->src[2];
-                    b = op->src[1];
-                }
+                struct ggml_tensor * a = op->src[0];
+                struct ggml_tensor * b = op->src[1];
+
                 if (a->ne[3] != b->ne[3]) {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -4240,7 +4679,21 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                     }
                 }
                 ggml_type src0_type = op->src[0]->type;
-                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 ) {
+                    // TODO: support GGML_TYPE_BF16
+                    // FIXME: keep a list of supported types to avoid breaking the backend when a new type is added
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // TODO: The configuration below needs more work to be supported with oneDNN
+                if (ggml_is_permuted(a) && !ggml_is_contiguous(a) &&
+                    a->ne[2] > 1 && a->ne[3] > 1 && src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                  return false;
+                }
+
+                // TODO: This specific configuration can fail with oneDNN and needs more debugging
+                if (!ggml_is_permuted(a) && ggml_is_permuted(b) && b->ne[2] > 1 && b->ne[3] > 1 &&
+                    a->ne[0] > 128 && a->ne[2] == 1 && src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
                     return false;
                 }
                 return true;
@@ -4262,6 +4715,20 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                         return false;
                 }
             }
+         case GGML_OP_SET:
+               return (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) &&
+                      (op->src[0] && op->src[1]) &&
+                      (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) &&
+                      (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                return ((op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 ||
+                         op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 ||
+                         op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) &&
+                        (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32));
+            }
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CPY:
             {
                 ggml_type src0_type = op->src[0]->type;
@@ -4331,11 +4798,12 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 }
                 return false;
             }
-        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
+        case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
             {
                 ggml_type src0_type = op->src[0]->type;
-                return src0_type != GGML_TYPE_I32 && src0_type != GGML_TYPE_I16;
+                return src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
             }
+        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
         case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
         case GGML_OP_NONE:
@@ -4343,14 +4811,17 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
         case GGML_OP_VIEW:
         case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
         case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-            return true;
         case GGML_OP_ADD:
         case GGML_OP_ADD1:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
         case GGML_OP_SUB:
+        case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
         case GGML_OP_MUL:
         case GGML_OP_DIV:
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op-> type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_SQR:
         case GGML_OP_SQRT:
         case GGML_OP_SIN:
@@ -4363,35 +4834,81 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
             return (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) && (op->type == op->src[0]->type);
 #endif
         case GGML_OP_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-            return true;
         case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
             return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
         case GGML_OP_SCALE:
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_CONT:
             return op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16;
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            {
+                const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+                return src0 &&
+                       op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                       ggml_is_contiguous(src0);
+            }
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK: {
+            float max_bias = 0.0f;
+            memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) op->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+            return max_bias == 0.0f;
+        }
         case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->op_params[0] == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST;
-        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->op_params[0] == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST && !(op->op_params[0] & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS);
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
         case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            return op->src[0]->ne[0] * sizeof(int) <=
+                   ggml_sycl_info().devices[device].smpbo;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K: {
+            const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+            const int k = op->ne[0];
+            return src0 &&
+                op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 &&
+                src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                ggml_is_contiguous(src0) &&
+                k > 0 && k <= 32;
+        }
+        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]);
         case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            // TODO: add circular padding support for syscl, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16985
+            if (ggml_get_op_params_i32(op, 8) != 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
         case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
         case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
         case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
         case GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN:
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                   op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                   op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+            return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+            return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            return ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_supported(device, op);
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -4423,9 +4940,8 @@ static int64_t get_op_batch_size(const ggml_tensor * op) {
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
-    const int min_batch_size = 32;
-    return get_op_batch_size(op) >= min_batch_size;
-    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    ggml_backend_sycl_device_context * sycl_ctx = (ggml_backend_sycl_device_context *)dev->context;
+    return get_op_batch_size(op) >= sycl_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size;
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_event_t
@@ -4548,6 +5064,7 @@ ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_sycl_reg() {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
         if (!initialized) {
             ggml_backend_sycl_reg_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_sycl_reg_context;
+            const int min_batch_size = getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH") ? atoi(getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH")) : 32;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < ggml_sycl_info().device_count; i++) {
                 ggml_backend_sycl_device_context * dev_ctx = new ggml_backend_sycl_device_context;
@@ -4561,6 +5078,7 @@ ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_sycl_reg() {
                     prop, dpct::dev_mgr::instance().get_device(i))));
 
                 dev_ctx->description = prop.get_name();
+                dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size = min_batch_size;
 
                 ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device {
                     /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_sycl_device_interface,
@@ -4596,10 +5114,10 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sycl_init(int device) {
     };
 
     ggml_backend_t sycl_backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_sycl_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_sycl_interface,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_sycl_reg(), device),
-        /* .context   = */ ctx
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_sycl_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_sycl_interface,
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_sycl_reg(), device),
+        /* .context = */ ctx
     };
 
     return sycl_backend;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gla.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gla.cpp
index b40cbf1f14f..879184fdd31 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gla.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gla.cpp
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ static void gated_linear_attn_f32_kernel(const dpct::queue_ptr stream, u_int B,
     const u_int n_seq_tokens = T / B;
     sycl::range<1> block_dims((C / H));
     sycl::range<1> grid_dims((B * H));
-    sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
         /* local memory accessors*/
         auto _k  = sycl::local_accessor<float, 1>(sycl::range<1>(head_size), cgh);
         auto _r  = sycl::local_accessor<float, 1>(sycl::range<1>(head_size), cgh);
         auto _td = sycl::local_accessor<float, 1>(sycl::range<1>(head_size), cgh);
 
-        sycl_parallel_for<1>(cgh, sycl::nd_range<1>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item) {
+        cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<1>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item) {
             u_int tid = item.get_local_id(0);
             u_int bid = item.get_group(0);
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/im2col.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/im2col.cpp
index 52737cc746d..6d75d34d83f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/im2col.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/im2col.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static void im2col_kernel(const float * x, T * dst, int64_t batch_offset, int64_
 
     // make each work-item deal with more elements since sycl global range can not exceed max int
     for (int64_t i = global_id; i < pelements; i += (work_group_size * item_ct1.get_group_range(2))) {
-        const int64_t ksize = OW * (KH > 1 ? KW : 1);
+        const int64_t ksize = OW * KH;
         const int64_t kx    = i / ksize;
         const int64_t kd    = kx * ksize;
         const int64_t ky    = (i - kd) / OW;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static void im2col_sycl_internal(const float * x, T * dst, int64_t IW, int64_t I
 
     const int64_t CHW = IC * KH * KW;
 
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * local_range, local_range), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * local_range, local_range), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
         im2col_kernel<T>(x, dst, batch_offset, offset_delta, IC, IW, IH, OH, OW, KW, KH, parallel_elements, CHW, s0, s1,
                          p0, p1, d0, d1, item_ct1);
     });
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmq.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmq.cpp
index c72fcd38ebe..ffb272aa283 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmq.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmq.cpp
@@ -1818,7 +1818,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_qs_q4_0_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> tile_x_d_q4_0_acc_ct1(
@@ -1829,8 +1829,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q4_0<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -1852,7 +1853,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_qs_q4_0_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> tile_x_d_q4_0_acc_ct1(
@@ -1863,8 +1864,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q4_0<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -1931,7 +1933,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_qs_q4_1_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + +mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q4_1_acc_ct1(
@@ -1942,8 +1944,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q4_1<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -1965,7 +1968,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_qs_q4_1_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + +mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q4_1_acc_ct1(
@@ -1976,8 +1979,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q4_1<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2044,7 +2048,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q5_0_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> tile_x_d_q5_0_acc_ct1(
@@ -2055,8 +2059,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q5_0<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2078,7 +2083,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q5_0_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> tile_x_d_q5_0_acc_ct1(
@@ -2089,8 +2094,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q5_0<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2157,7 +2163,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q5_1_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q5_1_acc_ct1(
@@ -2168,8 +2174,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q5_1<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2191,7 +2198,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q5_1_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q5_1_acc_ct1(
@@ -2202,8 +2209,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q5_1<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2270,7 +2278,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q8_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_qs_q8_0_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> tile_x_d_q8_0_acc_ct1(
@@ -2281,8 +2289,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q8_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q8_0<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2304,7 +2313,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q8_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_qs_q8_0_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> tile_x_d_q8_0_acc_ct1(
@@ -2315,8 +2324,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q8_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q8_0<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2383,7 +2393,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q2_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q2_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q2_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2396,8 +2406,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q2_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q2_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2420,7 +2431,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q2_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q2_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q2_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2433,8 +2444,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q2_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q2_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2504,7 +2516,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q3_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q3_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q3_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2519,8 +2531,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q3_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q3_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2544,7 +2557,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q3_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q3_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q3_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2559,8 +2572,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q3_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q3_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2630,7 +2644,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q4_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q4_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2643,8 +2657,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q4_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2667,7 +2682,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q4_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q4_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2680,8 +2695,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q4_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2749,7 +2765,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q5_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q5_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2762,8 +2778,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q5_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2786,7 +2803,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_q5_K_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_q5_K_acc_ct1(
@@ -2799,8 +2816,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q5_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2868,7 +2886,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q6_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_acc_ct1(
@@ -2881,8 +2899,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q6_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q6_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
@@ -2905,7 +2924,7 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q6_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
             dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                          {sycl::aspect::fp16});
 
-            sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
                 sycl::local_accessor<int, 1> tile_x_ql_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_y * (2 * WARP_SIZE) + mmq_y), cgh);
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_x_dm_acc_ct1(
@@ -2918,8 +2937,9 @@ static void ggml_mul_mat_q6_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                 sycl::local_accessor<sycl::half2, 1> tile_y_ds_acc_ct1(
                     sycl::range<1>(mmq_x * WARP_SIZE / QI8_1), cgh);
 
-                sycl_parallel_for(
-                    cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                         mul_mat_q6_K<need_check>(
                             vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y,
                             nrows_dst, item_ct1,
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmvq.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmvq.cpp
index c21929d51e9..316aa0d0fb5 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmvq.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmvq.cpp
@@ -544,12 +544,12 @@ static void reorder_mul_mat_vec_q4_0_q8_1_sycl(const void * vx, const void * vy,
     const sycl::range<3> global_size(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, (block_num_y * WARP_SIZE));
     const sycl::range<3> workgroup_size(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, num_subgroups * WARP_SIZE);
 
-    sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-        sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(global_size, workgroup_size),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> nd_item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              mul_mat_vec_q_reorder<reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q4_0>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                            nd_item);
-                          });
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(global_size, workgroup_size),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> nd_item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                             mul_mat_vec_q_reorder<reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q4_0>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
+                                                                                           nd_item);
+                         });
     });
 }
 
@@ -561,12 +561,12 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q4_0_q8_1_sycl(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
 
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_0, block_q4_0, VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                                 mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_0, block_q4_0, VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1>(
+                                     vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -580,16 +580,40 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q4_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_1, block_q4_1, VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_1, block_q4_1,
+                                      VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+static void mul_mat_vec_mxfp4_q8_1_sycl(const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols, const int nrows,
+                                        dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ncols % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y;
+    const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
+    const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
+
+    {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                             [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                                 mul_mat_vec_q<QK_MXFP4, QI_MXFP4, block_mxfp4, VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_1>(
+                                     vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                             });
         });
     }
 }
 
+
 static void mul_mat_vec_q5_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
                                        float *dst, const int ncols,
                                        const int nrows,
@@ -599,12 +623,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q5_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_0, QI5_0, block_q5_0, VDR_Q5_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_0, QI5_0, block_q5_0,
+                                      VDR_Q5_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -618,12 +647,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q5_1_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_1, QI5_1, block_q5_1, VDR_Q5_1_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_1, QI5_1, block_q5_1,
+                                      VDR_Q5_1_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -637,12 +671,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q8_0_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK8_0, QI8_0, block_q8_0, VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK8_0, QI8_0, block_q8_0,
+                                      VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -656,12 +695,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q2_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI2_K, block_q2_K, VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI2_K, block_q2_K,
+                                      VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -675,12 +719,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q3_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI3_K, block_q3_K, VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI3_K, block_q3_K,
+                                      VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -694,12 +743,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q4_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI4_K, block_q4_K, VDR_Q4_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI4_K, block_q4_K,
+                                      VDR_Q4_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -715,12 +769,12 @@ static void reorder_mul_mat_vec_q4_k_q8_1_sycl(const void * vx, const void * vy,
     const sycl::range<3> global_size(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, block_num_y * WARP_SIZE);
     const sycl::range<3> workgroup_size(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, num_subgroups * WARP_SIZE);
 
-    sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-        sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(global_size, workgroup_size),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> nd_item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              mul_mat_vec_q_reorder<reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q4_K>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                            nd_item);
-                          });
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(global_size, workgroup_size),
+                            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> nd_item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                                mul_mat_vec_q_reorder<reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q4_K>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols,
+                                                                                            nrows, nd_item);
+                            });
     });
 }
 
@@ -734,12 +788,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q5_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI5_K, block_q5_K, VDR_Q5_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI5_K, block_q5_K,
+                                      VDR_Q5_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -754,12 +813,12 @@ static void reorder_mul_mat_vec_q6_k_q8_1_sycl(const void * vx, const void * vy,
     const sycl::range<3> global_size(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, block_num_y * WARP_SIZE);
     const sycl::range<3> workgroup_size(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, num_subgroups * WARP_SIZE);
 
-    sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-        sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(global_size, workgroup_size),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> nd_item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                              mul_mat_vec_q_reorder<reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q6_K>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                            nd_item);
-                          });
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(global_size, workgroup_size),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> nd_item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                             mul_mat_vec_q_reorder<reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q6_K>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
+                                                                                           nd_item);
+                         });
     });
 }
 static void mul_mat_vec_q6_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
@@ -771,12 +830,17 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q6_K_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI6_K, block_q6_K, VDR_Q6_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1>(
-                                      vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI6_K, block_q6_K,
+                                      VDR_Q6_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -791,12 +855,14 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq2_xxs_q8_1<QK_K, QI2_XXS / 2, block_iq2_xxs, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols,
-                                                                                                  nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq2_xxs_q8_1<QK_K, QI2_XXS/2, block_iq2_xxs, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -810,12 +876,14 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq2_xs_q8_1<QK_K, QI2_XS / 2, block_iq2_xs, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols,
-                                                                                               nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq2_xs_q8_1<QK_K, QI2_XS/2, block_iq2_xs, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -829,12 +897,15 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq2_s_q8_1<QK_K, QI2_S / 2, block_iq2_s, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                            item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq2_s_q8_1<QK_K, QI2_S/2, block_iq2_s, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -848,12 +919,15 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq3_xxs_q8_1<QK_K, QI3_XXS / 2, block_iq3_xxs, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols,
-                                                                                                  nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq3_xxs_q8_1<QK_K, QI3_XXS/2, block_iq3_xxs, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -867,12 +941,15 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq3_s_q8_1<QK_K, QI3_S / 2, block_iq3_s, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                            item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq3_s_q8_1<QK_K, QI3_S/2, block_iq3_s, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -886,12 +963,15 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq1_s_q8_1<QK_K, QI1_S, block_iq1_s, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                        item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq1_s_q8_1<QK_K, QI1_S, block_iq1_s, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -905,12 +985,14 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq1_m_q8_1<QK_K, QI1_S, block_iq1_m, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                        item_ct1);
-                              });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq1_m_q8_1<QK_K, QI1_S, block_iq1_m, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -924,12 +1006,15 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq4_nl_q8_1<QK4_NL, QI4_NL, block_iq4_nl, 2>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows,
-                                                                                             item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq4_nl_q8_1<QK4_NL, QI4_NL, block_iq4_nl, 2>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -943,12 +1028,15 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_q8_1_sycl(const void *vx, const void *vy,
     const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, block_num_y);
     const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
     {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  mul_mat_vec_q_iq4_xs_q8_1<QK_K, QI4_XS / 4, block_iq4_xs, 1>(vx, vy, dst, ncols,
-                                                                                               nrows, item_ct1);
-                              });
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                    [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        mul_mat_vec_q_iq4_xs_q8_1<QK_K, QI4_XS/4, block_iq4_xs, 1>(
+                            vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows, item_ct1);
+                    });
         });
     }
 }
@@ -1054,6 +1142,9 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_vec_q(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tens
             case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
                 mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_q8_1_sycl(src0_dd_i, src1_ddq_i_bs, dst_dd_i_bs, ne00, row_diff, stream);
                 break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+                mul_mat_vec_mxfp4_q8_1_sycl(src0_dd_i, src1_ddq_i_bs, dst_dd_i_bs, ne00, row_diff, stream);
+                break;
             default:
                 GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.cpp
index 79d846b41a1..09fce1280ad 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.cpp
@@ -202,47 +202,34 @@ static void rms_norm_f32(const float* x, float* dst, const int ncols, const int6
     }
 }
 
-static void l2_norm_f32(const float* x, float* dst, const int ncols, const float eps,
-    const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1, float* s_sum, int block_size) {
-    const int row = item_ct1.get_group(2) * item_ct1.get_local_range(1) +
-        item_ct1.get_local_id(1);
-    const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-    const int nthreads = item_ct1.get_local_range(2);
-    const int nwarps = nthreads / WARP_SIZE;
+template<int warp_size>
+static void l2_norm_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols,
+    const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_channel,
+    const int64_t stride_sample, const float eps,
+    const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1, float* s_sum, const int block_size) {
+    const int nrows     = item_ct1.get_group_range(2);
+    const int nchannels = item_ct1.get_group_range(1);
+
+    const int row     = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+    const int channel = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    const int sample  = item_ct1.get_group(0);
+    const int tid     = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+    x   += sample*stride_sample + channel*stride_channel + row*stride_row;
+    dst += ((sample*nchannels + channel)*nrows + row)*ncols;
+
     float tmp = 0.0f; // partial sum for thread in warp
 
     for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += block_size) {
-        const float xi = x[row * ncols + col];
+        const float xi = x[col];
         tmp += xi * xi;
     }
 
-    // sum up partial sums
-    tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp, item_ct1);
-    if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-
-        int warp_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / WARP_SIZE;
-        int lane_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % WARP_SIZE;
-        if (lane_id == 0) {
-            s_sum[warp_id] = tmp;
-        }
-        /*
-        DPCT1118:3: SYCL group functions and algorithms must be encountered in
-        converged control flow. You may need to adjust the code.
-        */
-        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
-        size_t nreduce = nwarps / WARP_SIZE;
-        tmp = 0.f;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < nreduce; i += 1)
-        {
-            tmp += s_sum[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE];
-        }
-        tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp, item_ct1);
-    }
-
-    const float scale = sycl::rsqrt(sycl::max(tmp, eps * eps));
+    tmp = block_reduce<block_reduce_method::SUM, warp_size>(tmp, s_sum, block_size);
+    const float scale = sycl::rsqrt(sycl::fmax(tmp, eps * eps));
 
     for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += block_size) {
-        dst[row * ncols + col] = scale * x[row * ncols + col];
+        dst[col] = scale * x[col];
     }
 }
 
@@ -251,16 +238,16 @@ static void norm_f32_sycl(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const i
         const float eps, queue_ptr stream, int device) {
 
     const sycl::range<3> global_dims(nsamples, nchannels, nrows);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ncols % WARP_SIZE == 0);
     if (ncols < 1024) {
         const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, WARP_SIZE);
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1,
-                                           nullptr, WARP_SIZE);
-                              });
-        });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1, nullptr, WARP_SIZE);
+                });
+            });
     }
     else {
         const int work_group_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[device];
@@ -271,15 +258,16 @@ static void norm_f32_sycl(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const i
         the limit. To get the device limit, query
         info::device::max_work_group_size. Adjust the work-group size if needed.
         */
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<sycl::float2, 1> s_sum_acc_ct1(
                             sycl::range<1>(work_group_size / WARP_SIZE), cgh);
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1,
-                                           get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1), work_group_size);
-                              });
-        });
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1, get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1), work_group_size);
+                });
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -288,14 +276,18 @@ static void group_norm_f32_sycl(const float* x, float* dst,
     const int ne_elements, queue_ptr stream, int device) {
     if (group_size < 1024) {
         const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, WARP_SIZE);
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             const float eps_ct4 = eps;
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_groups) * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  group_norm_f32(x, dst, group_size, ne_elements, eps_ct4, item_ct1, nullptr,
-                                                 WARP_SIZE);
-                              });
-        });
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_groups) * block_dims,
+                    block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    group_norm_f32(
+                        x, dst, group_size, ne_elements, eps_ct4, item_ct1,
+                        nullptr, WARP_SIZE);
+                });
+            });
     }
     else {
         const int work_group_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[device];
@@ -307,36 +299,40 @@ static void group_norm_f32_sycl(const float* x, float* dst,
         info::device::max_work_group_size. Adjust the work-group size if needed.
         */
 
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> s_sum_acc_ct1(sycl::range<1>(work_group_size / WARP_SIZE),
                 cgh);
 
             const float eps_ct4 = eps;
 
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_groups) * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  group_norm_f32(x, dst, group_size, ne_elements, eps_ct4, item_ct1,
-                                                 get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1), work_group_size);
-                              });
-        });
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, num_groups) * block_dims,
+                    block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    group_norm_f32(x, dst, group_size, ne_elements,
+                        eps_ct4, item_ct1,
+                        get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1), work_group_size);
+                });
+            });
     }
 }
 
 static void rms_norm_f32_sycl(const float* x, float* dst, const int ncols, const int nrows, const int nchannels, const int nsamples,
         const int64_t stride_row, const int64_t stride_channel, const int64_t stride_sample, const float eps, queue_ptr stream, int device) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ncols % WARP_SIZE == 0);
     // printf("%s ncols=%d, nrows=%d, WARP_SIZE=%d\n", __func__, ncols, nrows, WARP_SIZE);
 
     const sycl::range<3> global_dims(nsamples, nchannels, nrows);
     if (ncols < 1024) {
         const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, WARP_SIZE);
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  rms_norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1,
-                                               nullptr, WARP_SIZE);
-                              });
-        });
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    rms_norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1, nullptr, WARP_SIZE);
+                });
+            });
     }
     else {
         const int work_group_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[device];
@@ -347,50 +343,65 @@ static void rms_norm_f32_sycl(const float* x, float* dst, const int ncols, const
         the limit. To get the device limit, query
         info::device::max_work_group_size. Adjust the work-group size if needed.
         */
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> s_sum_acc_ct1(sycl::range<1>(work_group_size / WARP_SIZE),
                 cgh);
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  rms_norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1,
-                                               get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1), work_group_size);
-                              });
-        });
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(global_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    rms_norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1, get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1), work_group_size);
+                });
+            });
     }
 }
 
-static void l2_norm_f32_sycl(const float* x, float* dst, const int ncols,
-    const int nrows, const float eps,
-    queue_ptr stream, int device) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ncols % WARP_SIZE == 0);
-    // printf("%s ncols=%d, nrows=%d, WARP_SIZE=%d\n", __func__, ncols, nrows, WARP_SIZE);
+template<int warp_size>
+static void l2_norm_f32_sycl(const float *   x,
+                             float *         dst,
+                             const int       ncols,
+                             const int       nrows,
+                             const int       nchannels,
+                             const int       nsamples,
+                             const int64_t   stride_row,
+                             const int64_t   stride_channel,
+                             const int64_t   stride_sample,
+                             const float     eps,
+                             queue_ptr       stream,
+                             int             device) {
+    const dpct::dim3 blocks_num(nrows, nchannels, nsamples);
+
     if (ncols < 1024) {
-        const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, WARP_SIZE);
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nrows) * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  l2_norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, eps, item_ct1, nullptr, WARP_SIZE);
-                              });
-        });
+        const dpct::dim3 block_dims(warp_size, 1, 1);
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(blocks_num * block_dims,
+                    block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(warp_size)]] {
+                    l2_norm_f32<warp_size>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample, eps, item_ct1,
+                        nullptr, warp_size);
+                });
+            });
     }
     else {
         const int work_group_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[device];
-        assert(work_group_size % (WARP_SIZE * WARP_SIZE) == 0);
+        assert(work_group_size % (warp_size * warp_size) == 0);
         const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, work_group_size);
-        /*
-        DPCT1049:19: The work-group size passed to the SYCL kernel may exceed
-        the limit. To get the device limit, query
-        info::device::max_work_group_size. Adjust the work-group size if needed.
-        */
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-            sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> s_sum_acc_ct1(sycl::range<1>(work_group_size / WARP_SIZE),
+        int lsm_size =  block_dims[2] > warp_size ? work_group_size / warp_size * sizeof(float): 0;
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
+            sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> s_sum_acc_ct1(sycl::range<1>(lsm_size),
                 cgh);
-            sycl_parallel_for(cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, nrows) * block_dims, block_dims),
-                              [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                                  l2_norm_f32(x, dst, ncols, eps, item_ct1, get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1),
-                                              work_group_size);
-                              });
-        });
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(blocks_num * block_dims,
+                    block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(warp_size)]] {
+                    l2_norm_f32<warp_size>(x, dst, ncols, stride_row, stride_channel, stride_sample,
+                        eps, item_ct1, get_pointer(s_sum_acc_ct1), work_group_size);
+                });
+            });
     }
 }
 
@@ -461,22 +472,185 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_rms_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     rms_norm_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, s01, s02, s03, eps, main_stream, ctx.device);
 }
 
-void ggml_sycl_op_l2_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+void ggml_sycl_op_rms_norm_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32); // dz
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32); // x
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type         == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    float eps = 1e-5f;
+    std::memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    if (!(eps > 0.0f) || !std::isfinite(eps)) eps = 1e-5f;
+
+    const float * g_base  = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[0]->data); // dz
+    const float * x_base  = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[1]->data); // x
+          float * dx_base = static_cast<      float *>(dst->data);
+
+    const int64_t D  = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t n1 = dst->ne[1], n2 = dst->ne[2], n3 = dst->ne[3]; (void) n3;
+    const int64_t N  = ggml_nrows(dst);
+    if (D == 0 || N == 0) return;
+
+    const ggml_tensor *G = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor *X = dst->src[1];
+    const int ts = (int) ggml_type_size(X->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT((size_t) X->nb[0]   == (size_t) ts);
+    GGML_ASSERT((size_t) G->nb[0]   == (size_t) ts);
+    GGML_ASSERT((size_t) dst->nb[0] == (size_t) ts);
+
+    const int64_t xs1 = X->nb[1] / ts, xs2 = X->nb[2] / ts, xs3 = X->nb[3] / ts;
+    const int64_t gs1 = G->nb[1] / ts, gs2 = G->nb[2] / ts, gs3 = G->nb[3] / ts;
+    const int64_t ds1 = dst->nb[1] / ts, ds2 = dst->nb[2] / ts, ds3 = dst->nb[3] / ts;
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr q = ctx.stream();
+
+    // work-group size: multiple of WARP_SIZE, capped by device and 256, and not larger than D
+    const int device_max_wg = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[ctx.device];
+    auto roundup = [](int v, int m) { return ((v + m - 1) / m) * m; };
+    int wg_cap = 256;
+    if (device_max_wg > 0) wg_cap = std::min(wg_cap, device_max_wg);
+    int WG = std::max(WARP_SIZE, std::min(roundup((int)std::min<int64_t>(D, wg_cap), WARP_SIZE), wg_cap));
+
+    // FP32 path: per-thread compensated accumulation + hierarchical reduction
+    q->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+        const int nwarps_loc = std::max(1, WG / WARP_SIZE);
+        // store one partial value per warp (xx and xg) for cross-warp reduction
+        auto l_xx   = sycl::local_accessor<sycl::float2, 1>(sycl::range<1>(nwarps_loc), cgh);
+        auto l_xg   = sycl::local_accessor<sycl::float2, 1>(sycl::range<1>(nwarps_loc), cgh);
+
+        cgh.parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, N) * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, WG),
+                              sycl::range<3>(1, 1, WG)),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                const int row = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+                const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+                const int64_t i1 = row % n1;
+                const int64_t i2 = (row / n1) % n2;
+                const int64_t i3 = row / (n1 * n2);
+
+                const float *__restrict x_row = x_base + i3 * xs3 + i2 * xs2 + i1 * xs1;
+                const float *__restrict g_row = g_base + i3 * gs3 + i2 * gs2 + i1 * gs1;
+                float *__restrict d_row       = dx_base + i3 * ds3 + i2 * ds2 + i1 * ds1;
+
+                // per-thread accumulation (compensated by default)
+                float sum_xx = 0.f, sum_xg = 0.f;
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_RMS_BACK_FAST
+                float c_xx = 0.f, c_xg = 0.f;
+#endif
+                for (int64_t col = tid; col < D; col += WG) {
+                    const float xv = x_row[col];
+                    const float gv = g_row[col];
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_RMS_BACK_FAST
+                    sum_xx += xv * xv;
+                    sum_xg += xv * gv;
+#else
+                    float y1 = xv * xv - c_xx;
+                    float t1 = sum_xx + y1;
+                    c_xx = (t1 - sum_xx) - y1;
+                    sum_xx = t1;
+
+                    float y2 = xv * gv - c_xg;
+                    float t2 = sum_xg + y2;
+                    c_xg = (t2 - sum_xg) - y2;
+                    sum_xg = t2;
+#endif
+                }
+
+                // warp-level reduction
+                sycl::float2 xx = sycl::float2(sum_xx,
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_RMS_BACK_FAST
+                    c_xx
+#else
+                    0.f
+#endif
+                );
+                sycl::float2 xg = sycl::float2(sum_xg,
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_RMS_BACK_FAST
+                    c_xg
+#else
+                    0.f
+#endif
+                );
+                xx = warp_reduce_sum(xx, item_ct1);
+                xg = warp_reduce_sum(xg, item_ct1);
+
+                // cross-warp reduction using local memory (single barrier)
+                const auto sub_group = item_ct1.get_sub_group();
+                const auto sg_id     = sub_group.get_group_linear_id();
+                const auto wi_in_sg  = sub_group.get_local_linear_id();
+                const int nthreads   = item_ct1.get_local_range(2);
+                const int nwarps     = nthreads / WARP_SIZE;
+
+                sycl::float2 xx_total = xx;
+                sycl::float2 xg_total = xg;
+                if (nwarps > 1) {
+                    if (wi_in_sg == 0) {
+                        l_xx[sg_id] = xx;
+                        l_xg[sg_id] = xg;
+                    }
+                    item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+                    if (sg_id == 0) {
+                        const unsigned wi_u = wi_in_sg;
+                        sycl::float2 xx_first = (wi_u < static_cast<unsigned>(nwarps)) ? l_xx[wi_u] : sycl::float2(0.f, 0.f);
+                        sycl::float2 xg_first = (wi_u < static_cast<unsigned>(nwarps)) ? l_xg[wi_u] : sycl::float2(0.f, 0.f);
+                        xx_total = warp_reduce_sum(xx_first, item_ct1);
+                        xg_total = warp_reduce_sum(xg_first, item_ct1);
+                    } else {
+                        // other subgroups keep their local totals; they'll be ignored
+                        xx_total = xx;
+                        xg_total = xg;
+                    }
+                    // ensure all threads see the first-subgroup result via broadcast below
+                }
+
+                // compute inv_r and coeff once per row and broadcast to the whole work-group
+                float inv_r = 0.f;
+                float coeff = 0.f;
+                if (tid == 0) {
+                    const float sum_xx_f  = xx_total.x() + xx_total.y();
+                    const float sum_xdz_f = xg_total.x() + xg_total.y();
+                    const float mean_eps  = sum_xx_f / (float) D + eps;
+                    const float sum_eps   = sum_xx_f + eps * (float) D;
+                    inv_r = sycl::rsqrt(mean_eps);
+                    coeff = -sum_xdz_f / sum_eps;
+                }
+                inv_r = sycl::group_broadcast(item_ct1.get_group(), inv_r);
+                coeff = sycl::group_broadcast(item_ct1.get_group(), coeff);
+
+                for (int64_t col = tid; col < D; col += WG) {
+                    d_row[col] = (g_row[col] + coeff * x_row[col]) * inv_r;
+                }
+            });
+    });
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+}
 
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+void ggml_sycl_op_l2_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+    float * dst_d = (float *) dst->data;
+    dpct::queue_ptr     stream = ctx.stream();
 
-    const int64_t ne00 = dst->src[0]->ne[0];
-    const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(dst->src[0]);
-    const float * src0_dd = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[0]->data);
-    float * dst_dd = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS;
 
     float eps;
     memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(eps >= 0.0f);
 
-    l2_norm_f32_sycl(src0_dd, dst_dd, ne00, nrows, eps, main_stream, ctx.device);
+    const size_t ts0 = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ts0);
+    const int64_t s01 = nb01 / ts0;
+    const int64_t s02 = nb02 / ts0;
+    const int64_t s03 = nb03 / ts0;
 
+    /*support both WARP_SIZE or WARP_32_SIZE in code
+      choose by hardware for better performance
+    */
+    l2_norm_f32_sycl<WARP_SIZE>(src0_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, s01, s02, s03, eps, stream, ctx.device);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.hpp
index 612cd67cf91..8cb885eb2ee 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/norm.hpp
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_op_rms_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
 
+void ggml_sycl_op_rms_norm_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+
 void ggml_sycl_op_group_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
 
 void ggml_sycl_op_l2_norm(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/outprod.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/outprod.cpp
index 3a17f3a1b88..f52b11f0d6e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/outprod.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/outprod.cpp
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_out_prod(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
 
     // Handle transposition of src1
     const bool src1_T = ggml_is_transposed(src1);
-    const oneapi::math::transpose src1_op = src1_T ? oneapi::math::transpose::nontrans : oneapi::math::transpose::trans;
+    const oneapi::mkl::transpose src1_op = src1_T ? oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans : oneapi::mkl::transpose::trans;
     const int64_t ldb = (src1_T ? nb10 : nb11) / sizeof(float);
 
     try {
-        // Perform matrix multiplication using oneMath GEMM
-        oneapi::math::blas::column_major::gemm(get_onemath_backend(*stream), oneapi::math::transpose::nontrans, src1_op,
+        // Perform matrix multiplication using oneMKL GEMM
+        oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm(*stream, oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans, src1_op,
                                                ne0, ne1, ne01, alpha, src0_d, ne00, src1_d, ldb, beta, dst_d, ne0);
     }
     catch (sycl::exception const& exc) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f989c5e4b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//
+// MIT license
+// Copyright (C) 2025 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+//
+
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+
+//#include "common.hpp"
+#include "pad.hpp"
+
+static void pad_f32(const float * src, float * dst,
+                    const int lp0, const int rp0, const int lp1, const int rp1,
+                    const int lp2, const int rp2, const int lp3, const int rp3,
+                    const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int ne3,
+                    sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+    int i0 = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) +
+             item_ct1.get_group(2) * item_ct1.get_local_range(2);
+    int i1 = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    int i2 = item_ct1.get_group(0) % ne2;
+    int i3 = item_ct1.get_group(0) / ne2;
+    if (i0 >= ne0 || i1 >= ne1 || i2 >= ne2 || i3 >= ne3) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // operation
+    const int64_t dst_idx = i3*(ne0*ne1*ne2) + i2*(ne0*ne1) + i1*ne0 + i0;
+    if ((i0 >= lp0 && i0 < ne0 - rp0) &&
+        (i1 >= lp1 && i1 < ne1 - rp1) &&
+        (i2 >= lp2 && i2 < ne2 - rp2) &&
+        (i3 >= lp3 && i3 < ne3 - rp3)) {
+        const int64_t i00 = i0 - lp0;
+        const int64_t i01 = i1 - lp1;
+        const int64_t i02 = i2 - lp2;
+        const int64_t i03 = i3 - lp3;
+        const int64_t ne02 = ne2 - lp2 - rp2;
+        const int64_t ne01 = ne1 - lp1 - rp1;
+        const int64_t ne00 = ne0 - lp0 - rp0;
+
+        const int64_t src_idx = i03 * (ne00 * ne01 * ne02) +
+                                i02 * (ne00 * ne01) + i01 * ne00 + i00;
+
+        dst[dst_idx] = src[src_idx];
+    } else {
+        dst[dst_idx] = 0.0f;
+    }
+}
+
+static void pad_f32_sycl(const float *src, float *dst, const int lp0,
+                         const int rp0, const int lp1, const int rp1,
+                         const int lp2, const int rp2, const int lp3,
+                         const int rp3, const int ne0, const int ne1,
+                         const int ne2, const int ne3,
+                         dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    int num_blocks = (ne0 + SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    dpct::dim3 gridDim(num_blocks, ne1, ne2 * ne3);
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                          sycl::range<3>(1, 1, SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            pad_f32(src, dst, lp0, rp0, lp1, rp1, lp2, rp2, lp3, rp3, ne0, ne1,
+                    ne2, ne3, item_ct1);
+        });
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_pad(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *)src0->data;
+    float * dst_d = (float *)dst->data;
+    dpct::queue_ptr     stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    const int32_t lp0 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t rp0 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t lp1 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t rp1 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t lp2 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t rp2 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t lp3 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t rp3 = ((const int32_t*)(dst->op_params))[7];
+
+    pad_f32_sycl(src0_d, dst_d,
+                 lp0, rp0, lp1, rp1, lp2, rp2, lp3, rp3,
+                 dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], stream);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_pad(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_pad(ctx, dst);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b099e9b73a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//
+// MIT license
+// Copyright (C) 2025 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+//
+
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_PAD_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_PAD_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#define SYCL_PAD_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_sycl_pad(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_pad(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_PAD_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad_reflect_1d.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad_reflect_1d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85e993628c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad_reflect_1d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include "pad_reflect_1d.hpp"
+
+static void pad_reflect_1d_kernel_f32(
+    const void *__restrict__ src0, void *__restrict__ dst, const int64_t ne0,
+    const int64_t ne00, const sycl::uint3 ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+    const int64_t ne03, const int64_t nb00, const int64_t nb01,
+    const int64_t nb02, const int64_t nb03, const int64_t nb0,
+    const int64_t nb1, const int64_t nb2, const int64_t nb3, const int p0,
+    const int p1, sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+
+    const int64_t i3 = item_ct1.get_group(0);
+    const int64_t i2 = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+
+    const sycl::uint2 div_mod_packed =
+        fast_div_modulo(item_ct1.get_group(2), ne01);
+    const int64_t tile1 = div_mod_packed.y();
+    const int64_t tile0 = div_mod_packed.x();
+    const int64_t i1 = tile1;
+    const int64_t i0 =
+        item_ct1.get_local_id(2) + tile0 * item_ct1.get_local_range(2);
+
+    if (i0 >= ne0 || i1 >= ne01.z() || i2 >= ne02 || i3 >= ne03) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const char *src0_ptr =
+        (const char *)src0 + i3 * nb03 + i2 * nb02 + i1 * nb01;
+    char *dst_ptr = (char *)dst + i3 * nb3 + i2 * nb2 + i1 * nb1;
+
+    const int64_t rel_i0 = i0 - p0; // relative i0 in src0
+    int64_t src_idx;
+
+    if (rel_i0 < 0) {
+        // Left padding - reflect
+        src_idx = -rel_i0;
+    } else if (rel_i0 < ne00) {
+        // Middle - copy
+        src_idx = rel_i0;
+    } else {
+        // Right padding - reflect
+        src_idx = 2 * ne00 - 2 - rel_i0;
+    }
+    const float value = *(const float *)(src0_ptr + src_idx * nb00);
+    *(float *)(dst_ptr + i0 * nb0) = value;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(p1);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx,
+                                 ggml_tensor *dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor *src0 = dst->src[0];
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int32_t *opts = (const int32_t *)dst->op_params;
+    const int p0 = opts[0];
+    const int p1 = opts[1];
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const sycl::uint3 ne01_packed = init_fastdiv_values(ne01);
+    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == ne00 + p0 + p1);
+
+    constexpr int64_t bx = SYCL_PAD_REFLECT_1D_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    const int64_t tiles0 = (ne0 + bx - 1) / bx;
+    const dpct::dim3 grid_dims((unsigned)(ne01 * tiles0), (unsigned)ne02,
+                               (unsigned)ne03);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims((unsigned)bx, 1, 1);
+
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+        auto src0_data_ct0 = src0->data;
+        auto dst_data_ct1 = dst->data;
+        auto src0_nb_ct7 = src0->nb[0];
+        auto src0_nb_ct8 = src0->nb[1];
+        auto src0_nb_ct9 = src0->nb[2];
+        auto src0_nb_ct10 = src0->nb[3];
+        auto dst_nb_ct11 = dst->nb[0];
+        auto dst_nb_ct12 = dst->nb[1];
+        auto dst_nb_ct13 = dst->nb[2];
+        auto dst_nb_ct14 = dst->nb[3];
+
+        cgh.parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             pad_reflect_1d_kernel_f32(
+                                 src0_data_ct0, dst_data_ct1, ne0, ne00,
+                                 ne01_packed, ne02, ne03, src0_nb_ct7,
+                                 src0_nb_ct8, src0_nb_ct9, src0_nb_ct10,
+                                 dst_nb_ct11, dst_nb_ct12, dst_nb_ct13,
+                                 dst_nb_ct14, p0, p1, item_ct1);
+                         });
+    });
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad_reflect_1d.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad_reflect_1d.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45aaf9a9111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/pad_reflect_1d.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_PAD_REFLECT_1D_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_PAD_REFLECT_1D_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#define SYCL_PAD_REFLECT_1D_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_pad_reflect_1d(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst);
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_PAD_REFLECT_1D_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/presets.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/presets.hpp
index af1890727df..dc4dad1d37a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/presets.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/presets.hpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #define SYCL_SQRT_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define SYCL_SIN_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define SYCL_SQR_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+#define SYCL_SET_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define SYCL_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE 32
 #define SYCL_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define SYCL_CLAMP_BLOCK_SIZE 256
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 #define SYCL_ARGMAX_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define SYCL_CONV_TRANPOSE_1D_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define SYCL_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+#define SYCL_ARANGE_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 
 // dmmv = dequantize_mul_mat_vec
 #ifndef GGML_SYCL_DMMV_X
@@ -71,4 +73,7 @@ static_assert(K_QUANTS_PER_ITERATION == 1 || K_QUANTS_PER_ITERATION == 2, "K_QUA
 #define MUL_MAT_SRC1_COL_STRIDE 128
 
 #define QK_WARP_SIZE 32
+#define WARP_32_SIZE 32
+#define WARP_16_SIZE 16
+
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_PRESETS_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/quantize.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/quantize.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5c7a54b792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/quantize.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/***************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2025 Codeplay Software Ltd.
+ *  Copyright (C) 2025 Intel Corporation
+ *
+ *  MIT License
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ *  quantize.hpp
+ *
+ *  Description:
+ *     Sycl backend specific quantization functions
+ **************************************************************************/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sycl/nd_item.hpp>
+
+#include "ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp"
+
+template <int ElementsPerWI>
+__dpct_inline__ static void quantize_q8_1_impl(const float * __restrict__ x,
+                                               sycl::vec<int8_t, ElementsPerWI> & quantized_values, float & d,
+                                               float & sum, const sycl::nd_item<1> & it) {
+    auto subgroup_id = it.get_group(0);
+    auto wi_id       = it.get_local_id(0);
+
+    sycl::vec<float, ElementsPerWI> wi_f32_vals;
+
+    auto float_ptr_offset = subgroup_id * QK8_1 + ElementsPerWI * wi_id;
+    wi_f32_vals           = *reinterpret_cast<const sycl::vec<float, ElementsPerWI> *>(x + float_ptr_offset);
+
+    float amax = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll(ElementsPerWI)
+    for (int i = 0; i < ElementsPerWI; i++) {
+        sum += wi_f32_vals[i];
+        amax                = sycl::fmax(amax, sycl::fabs(wi_f32_vals[i]));
+        quantized_values[i] = 0;
+    }
+    sum  = sycl::reduce_over_group(it.get_sub_group(), sum, sycl::plus<float>());
+    amax = sycl::reduce_over_group(it.get_sub_group(), amax, sycl::maximum<float>());
+    d    = amax == 0 ? 1 : amax / 127;
+
+#pragma unroll(ElementsPerWI)
+    for (int i = 0; i < ElementsPerWI; i++) {
+        quantized_values[i] = sycl::round(wi_f32_vals[i] / d);
+    }
+
+    d = amax == 0 ? 0 : d;
+}
+
+// No op to control codepath in ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat
+template <int ElementsPerWI> struct no_quantize_q8_1 {
+    void operator()(const float *, void *, int, int, const sycl::nd_item<1> &) const {}
+};
+
+template <int ElementsPerWI> struct quantize_and_reorder_q8_1_soa {
+    __dpct_inline__ void operator()(const float * __restrict__ x, void * reordered_q8_tensor, const int kx,
+                                    const int kx_padded, const sycl::nd_item<1> & it) const {
+        /*
+        Quantizes and reorders the resultant q8 tensor in a per row fashion
+        Each sub-group calculates one quant block. i.e. QK8_1 quant values and the d and sum values
+    */
+        auto subgroup_id = it.get_group(0);
+        auto wi_id       = it.get_local_id(0);
+
+        sycl::vec<int8_t, ElementsPerWI> quantized_values;
+        float                            d   = 0.0f;
+        float                            sum = 0.0f;
+        quantize_q8_1_impl<ElementsPerWI>(x, quantized_values, d, sum, it);
+
+        const int num_blocks_per_row = kx / QK8_1;
+        auto      row                = subgroup_id / num_blocks_per_row;
+        auto      col                = subgroup_id % num_blocks_per_row;
+        auto      row_offset         = row * (kx_padded / QK8_1) * sizeof(block_q8_1);
+        auto      col_offset         = QK8_1 * col + wi_id * ElementsPerWI;
+
+        auto quant_ptr = (int8_t *) ((char *) reordered_q8_tensor + row_offset + col_offset);
+        *reinterpret_cast<sycl::vec<int8_t, ElementsPerWI> *>(quant_ptr) = quantized_values;
+
+        auto ds_ptr = (sycl::half2 *) ((char *) reordered_q8_tensor + row_offset + kx + col * sizeof(sycl::half2));
+        if (wi_id == 0) {
+            *ds_ptr = sycl::half2(sycl::half(d), sycl::half(sum));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template <int ElementsPerWI> struct quantize_q8_1 {
+    __dpct_inline__ void operator()(const float * __restrict__ x, void * q8_tensor, const int kx, const int kx_padded,
+                                    const sycl::nd_item<1> & it) const {
+        auto subgroup_id = it.get_group(0);
+        auto wi_id       = it.get_local_id(0);
+
+        const int num_blocks_per_row = kx / QK8_1;
+        auto      row                = subgroup_id / num_blocks_per_row;
+        const int pitch              = kx_padded / QK8_1;
+
+        sycl::vec<int8_t, ElementsPerWI> quantized_values;
+        float                            d   = 0.0f;
+        float                            sum = 0.0f;
+        quantize_q8_1_impl<ElementsPerWI>(x, quantized_values, d, sum, it);
+
+        block_q8_1 * quant_ptr = (block_q8_1 *) q8_tensor;
+        auto         block_id  = subgroup_id % num_blocks_per_row + row * pitch;
+
+        int8_t * qs                                               = &(quant_ptr[block_id].qs[wi_id * ElementsPerWI]);
+        *reinterpret_cast<sycl::vec<int8_t, ElementsPerWI> *>(qs) = quantized_values;
+        if (wi_id == 0) {
+            quant_ptr[block_id].ds = sycl::half2(sycl::half(d), sycl::half(sum));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template <template <int> typename quantize_f>
+void quantize_row_q8_1_sycl(const float * x, void * vy, const int kx, const int ky, const int kx_padded,
+                            dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    static_assert(QK8_1 % WARP_SIZE == 0);
+    auto local_range      = std::size_t(WARP_SIZE);
+    auto num_quant_blocks = ky * (kx / QK8_1);
+    auto global_range     = num_quant_blocks * local_range;
+    dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
+
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<1>({ global_range }, { local_range }),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<1> it) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                             quantize_f<QK8_1 / WARP_SIZE>()(x, vy, kx, kx_padded, it);
+                         });
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/quants.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/quants.hpp
index 8b952db43bf..14490fea5be 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/quants.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/quants.hpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace ggml_sycl_reordered {
 // [qs0, qs1, qs2, ..., qsN]  [d0, d1, d2, ..., dN]
 //
 // Notes: out-of-bounds qs will run into d values
-// Aligment relies on the allocated size of qs
+// Alignment relies on the allocated size of qs
 
 template <ggml_type type> struct block_q_t;
 
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ template <> struct block_q_t<GGML_TYPE_Q4_0> {
     };
 
     static constexpr std::pair<int, int> get_block_offset(const int block_index, const int /* nblocks */) {
-        return { block_index * (traits::qk / traits::qr), 0 };
+        return { block_index * (QK4_0 / QR4_0), 0 };
     }
 
     static constexpr std::pair<int, int> get_d_offset(int nrows, int ncols, const int block_index) {
-        return { (ncols / traits::qr * nrows) + block_index * sizeof(ggml_half), 0 };
+        return { (ncols / QR4_0 * nrows) + block_index * sizeof(ggml_half), 0 };
     }
 
     static constexpr int block_to_q8_1_ratio() { return traits::qk / QK8_1; }
@@ -71,14 +71,12 @@ template <> struct block_q_t<GGML_TYPE_Q4_K> {
     }
 
     static constexpr std::pair<int, int> get_d_offset(int nrows, int ncols, const int block_index) {
-        auto nblocks = (nrows * (ncols / traits::qk));
-        return { nblocks * (QK_K / 2),
+        auto nblocks = (nrows * (ncols / QK_K));
+        return { nblocks * (QK_K / 2) + (block_index * K_SCALE_SIZE),
                  (nblocks * QK_K / 2) + (nblocks * K_SCALE_SIZE) + (block_index * sizeof(ggml_half2)) };
     }
 
     static constexpr int block_to_q8_1_ratio() { return traits::qk / QK8_1; }
-
-    constexpr size_t get_total_qs_bytes(int nblocks) { return nblocks * QK_K / 2; }
 };
 
 template <> struct block_q_t<GGML_TYPE_Q6_K> {
@@ -90,22 +88,23 @@ template <> struct block_q_t<GGML_TYPE_Q6_K> {
     };
 
     static constexpr std::pair<int, int> get_block_offset(const int block_index, const int n_blocks) {
-        auto low_bits_index  = block_index * (traits::qk / traits::qr);
+        auto low_bits_index  = block_index * (QK_K / QR6_K);
         // the index of high bits it's after all low bits
         auto high_bits_index = n_blocks * (QK_K / 2) + (block_index * (QK_K / 4));
         return { low_bits_index, high_bits_index };
     }
 
     static constexpr std::pair<int, int> get_d_offset(int nrows, int ncols, const int block_index) {
-        auto nblocks        = (nrows * (ncols / traits::qk));
+        auto nblocks        = (nrows * (ncols / QK_K));
         auto total_qs_bytes = nblocks * (QK_K / 2) + nblocks * (QK_K / 4);
         auto block_scales   = total_qs_bytes + block_index * (QK_K / 16);
-        auto sb_scale       = total_qs_bytes + nblocks * (QK_K / 16);
+        auto sb_scale       = total_qs_bytes + nblocks * (QK_K / 16) + block_index * sizeof(ggml_half);
         return { block_scales, sb_scale };
     }
 
     static constexpr int block_to_q8_1_ratio() { return traits::qk / QK8_1; }
 };
+
 }  // namespace ggml_sycl_reordered
 
 #endif  // GGML_SYCL_QUANTS_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/repeat_back.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/repeat_back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..845b48468c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/repeat_back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#include "repeat_back.hpp"
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#define GGML_ASSERT_TENSOR_FITS_INT(t) \
+    GGML_ASSERT((t)->ne[0] < INT_MAX && (t)->ne[1] < INT_MAX && (t)->ne[2] < INT_MAX && (t)->ne[3] < INT_MAX)
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_repeat_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const float * src0_dd = (const float *) dst->src[0]->data;
+    float *       dst_dd  = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT_TENSOR_FITS_INT(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT_TENSOR_FITS_INT(dst->src[0]);
+
+    const int ne0 = dst->ne[0], ne1 = dst->ne[1], ne2 = dst->ne[2], ne3 = dst->ne[3];
+    const int ne00 = dst->src[0]->ne[0], ne01 = dst->src[0]->ne[1], ne02 = dst->src[0]->ne[2],
+              ne03 = dst->src[0]->ne[3];
+
+    const int nr0 = ne00 / ne0;
+    const int nr1 = ne01 / ne1;
+    const int nr2 = ne02 / ne2;
+    const int nr3 = ne03 / ne3;
+
+    const int nb0 = dst->src[0]->nb[0];
+    const int nb1 = dst->src[0]->nb[1];
+    const int nb2 = dst->src[0]->nb[2];
+    const int nb3 = dst->src[0]->nb[3];
+
+    const char * base = (const char *) src0_dd;
+
+    const size_t  total      = (size_t) ne0 * ne1 * ne2 * ne3;
+    constexpr int BLOCK_SIZE = 256;
+    const int     num_blocks = (total + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    const float inv_ne0      = 1.0f / ne0;
+    const float inv_ne_01    = 1.0f / (ne0 * ne1);
+    const float inv_ne_012   = 1.0f / (ne0 * ne1 * ne2);
+    const int   repeat_count = nr0 * nr1 * nr2 * nr3;
+
+    queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<1>(sycl::range<1>(num_blocks * BLOCK_SIZE), sycl::range<1>(BLOCK_SIZE)),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+            const size_t i = item_ct1.get_global_linear_id();
+            if (i >= total) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const int i3 = (int) (i * inv_ne_012);
+            const int i2 = (int) (i * inv_ne_01) - i3 * ne2;
+            const int i1 = (int) (i * inv_ne0) - (int) (i * inv_ne_01) * ne1;
+            const int i0 = i - (int) (i * inv_ne0) * ne0;
+
+            int   j0 = 0, j1 = 0, j2 = 0, j3 = 0;
+            float acc = 0.0f;
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < repeat_count; ++j) {
+                const float * ptr = (const float *) (base + (i0 + j0 * ne0) * nb0 + (i1 + j1 * ne1) * nb1 +
+                    (i2 + j2 * ne2) * nb2 + (i3 + j3 * ne3) * nb3);
+                acc += *ptr;
+
+                int carry = (++j0 >= nr0);
+                j0 -= carry * nr0;
+                carry = (carry && (++j1 >= nr1));
+                j1 -= carry * nr1;
+                carry = (carry && (++j2 >= nr2));
+                j2 -= carry * nr2;
+                j3 += carry;
+            }
+            dst_dd[i] = acc;
+        });
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/repeat_back.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/repeat_back.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17a87f3e159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/repeat_back.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_REPEAT_BACK_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_REPEAT_BACK_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_repeat_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif  // GGML_SYCL_REPEAT_BACK_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/roll.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/roll.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e05181789c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/roll.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "roll.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+using namespace sycl;
+
+static inline int wrap_add(int i, int shift, int n) {
+
+    int s = i + shift;
+    return (s >= n) ? (s - n) : s;
+}
+
+static void kernel_roll_fused_i0_i1(
+    queue &q,
+    const float *src_d,
+    float *dst_d,
+    int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
+    int sh0, int sh1, int sh2, int sh3)
+{
+    if (ne0 == 0 || ne1 == 0 || ne2 == 0 || ne3 == 0) return;
+
+
+    const int stride1 = ne0;
+    const int stride2 = ne0 * ne1;
+    const int stride3 = ne0 * ne1 * ne2;
+
+
+    const int shNe0 = (ne0 - sh0) % ne0;
+    const int shNe1 = (ne1 - sh1) % ne1;
+    const int shNe2 = (ne2 - sh2) % ne2;
+    const int shNe3 = (ne3 - sh3) % ne3;
+
+
+    const size_t g0 = (size_t) ne3;
+    const size_t g1 = (size_t) ne2;
+    const size_t g2 = (size_t) (ne1 * ne0);
+
+    const range<3> global{ g0, g1, g2 };
+
+    q.submit([&](handler &h) {
+        h.parallel_for(global, [=](id<3> idx) {
+            const int i3 = (int) idx[0];
+            const int i2 = (int) idx[1];
+
+            const int fused = (int) idx[2];
+            const int i1 = fused / ne0;
+            const int i0 = fused - i1 * ne0;  // fused % ne0
+
+
+            const int idx_dst = i0
+                              + i1 * stride1
+                              + i2 * stride2
+                              + i3 * stride3;
+
+
+            const int s0 = wrap_add(i0, shNe0, ne0);
+            const int s1 = wrap_add(i1, shNe1, ne1);
+            const int s2 = wrap_add(i2, shNe2, ne2);
+            const int s3 = wrap_add(i3, shNe3, ne3);
+
+            const int idx_src = s0
+                              + s1 * stride1
+                              + s2 * stride2
+                              + s3 * stride3;
+
+            dst_d[idx_dst] = src_d[idx_src];
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_roll(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const ggml_tensor *src = dst->src[0];
+    GGML_ASSERT(src && src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int ne0 = (int) dst->ne[0];
+    const int ne1 = (int) dst->ne[1];
+    const int ne2 = (int) dst->ne[2];
+    const int ne3 = (int) dst->ne[3];
+
+    const int32_t *params = (const int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    int shift0 = params[0];
+    int shift1 = params[1];
+    int shift2 = params[2];
+    int shift3 = params[3];
+
+
+    if ((shift0 | shift1 | shift2 | shift3) == 0) {
+        const size_t nb = ggml_nbytes(src);
+        queue *q = ctx.stream();
+        SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(q->memcpy(dst->data, src->data, nb)));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto norm = [](int sh, int n) -> int {
+        if (n <= 0) return 0;
+        sh %= n;
+        if (sh < 0) sh += n;
+        return sh;
+    };
+    shift0 = norm(shift0, ne0);
+    shift1 = norm(shift1, ne1);
+    shift2 = norm(shift2, ne2);
+    shift3 = norm(shift3, ne3);
+
+    try {
+        queue *q = ctx.stream();
+
+        const float *src_d = (const float *) src->data;
+        float *dst_d = (float *) dst->data;
+        GGML_ASSERT(src_d && dst_d);
+
+        kernel_roll_fused_i0_i1(
+            *q, src_d, dst_d,
+            ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+            shift0, shift1, shift2, shift3
+        );
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        std::fprintf(stderr, "[SYCL-ROLL] ERROR: %s\n", e.what());
+        throw;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/roll.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/roll.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..97dc03d64b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/roll.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//
+// MIT license
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+//
+
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_ROLL_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_ROLL_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_roll(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst);
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_ROLL_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.cpp
index e44c6b6ef8f..9d83a1e9fa0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "rope.hpp"
+#include "convert.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/common.hpp"
 #include "ggml.h"
 
@@ -15,362 +16,489 @@ static float rope_yarn_ramp(const float low, const float high, const int i0) {
     return 1.0f - sycl::min(1.0f, sycl::max(0.0f, y));
 }
 
-// YaRN algorithm based on LlamaYaRNScaledRotaryEmbedding.py from https://github.com/jquesnelle/yarn
-// MIT licensed. Copyright (c) 2023 Jeffrey Quesnelle and Bowen Peng.
-static void rope_yarn(
-    float theta_extrap, float freq_scale, rope_corr_dims corr_dims, int64_t i0, float ext_factor, float mscale,
-    float * cos_theta, float * sin_theta) {
-    // Get n-d rotational scaling corrected for extrapolation
+template <bool forward>
+static void rope_yarn(const float theta_extrap, const float freq_scale,
+                      const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const int64_t i0,
+                      const float ext_factor, float mscale, float &cos_theta,
+                      float &sin_theta) {
     float theta_interp = freq_scale * theta_extrap;
     float theta = theta_interp;
     if (ext_factor != 0.0f) {
-        float ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp(corr_dims.v[0], corr_dims.v[1], i0) * ext_factor;
+        float ramp_mix =
+            rope_yarn_ramp(corr_dims.v[0], corr_dims.v[1], i0) * ext_factor;
         theta = theta_interp * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
 
-        // Get n-d magnitude scaling corrected for interpolation
         mscale *= 1.0f + 0.1f * sycl::log(1.0f / freq_scale);
     }
-    *cos_theta = sycl::cos(theta) * mscale;
-    *sin_theta = sycl::sin(theta) * mscale;
+    cos_theta = sycl::cos(theta) * mscale;
+    sin_theta = sycl::sin(theta) * mscale;
+    if (!forward) {
+        sin_theta *= -1.0f;
+    }
 }
 
-template <typename T, bool has_ff>
-static void rope_norm(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims,
-                      const int32_t * pos, float freq_scale, float ext_factor, float attn_factor,
-                      const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors,
-                      const sycl::nd_item<3> & item_ct1) {
-    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) + item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
-
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T, typename D>
+static void rope_norm(const T *x, D *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+                      const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02,
+                      const int s03, const int s1, const int s2, const int s3,
+                      const int n_dims, const int32_t *pos,
+                      const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor,
+                      const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                      const float theta_scale, const float *freq_factors,
+                      const int64_t *row_indices, const int set_rows_stride) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
+
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const int row = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    const int row_dst = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
 
+    int idst = i0 + i1 * s1 + i2 * s2 + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix = i0 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
+
+    if (set_rows_stride != 0) {
+        idst = i1 * s1 + i0;
+        idst += row_indices[i2] * set_rows_stride;
+    }
+
+    const auto &store_coaelsced = [&](float x0, float x1) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<float, D>) {
+            sycl::float2 v = sycl::float2(x0, x1);
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<8>(dst + idst, &v);
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<sycl::half, D>) {
+            sycl::half2 v = sycl::half2(x0, x1);
+            ggml_sycl_memcpy_1<4>(dst + idst, &v);
+        }
+    };
     if (i0 >= n_dims) {
-        const int i = row * ne0 + i0;
-        *reinterpret_cast<sycl::vec<T, 2> *>(dst + i) = *reinterpret_cast<const sycl::vec<T, 2> *>(x + i);
+        store_coaelsced(x[ix + 0], x[ix + 1]);
         return;
     }
 
-    const int row0     = row % ne1;
-    const int channel0 = row / ne1;
-
-    const int i  = row * ne0 + i0;
-    const int i2 = channel0 * s2 + row0 * s1 + i0;
-
-    const float theta_base = pos[channel0] * sycl::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+    const float theta_base = pos[i2] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0 / 2] : 1.0f;
 
     float cos_theta;
     float sin_theta;
 
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
+    rope_yarn<forward>(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0,
+                       ext_factor, attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
 
-    const float x0 = x[i2 + 0];
-    const float x1 = x[i2 + 1];
+    const float x0 = x[ix + 0];
+    const float x1 = x[ix + 1];
 
-    dst[i + 0] = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
-    dst[i + 1] = x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta;
+    store_coaelsced(x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta,
+                    x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta);
 }
 
-template <typename T, bool has_ff>
-static void rope_neox(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2, const int n_dims,
-                      const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-                      const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors,
-                      const sycl::nd_item<3> & item_ct1) {
-    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) + item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
-
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T, typename D>
+static void rope_neox(const T *x, D *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+                      const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02,
+                      const int s03, const int s1, const int s2, const int s3,
+                      const int n_dims, const int32_t *pos,
+                      const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor,
+                      const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                      const float theta_scale, const float *freq_factors,
+                      const int64_t *row_indices, const int set_rows_stride) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
+
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const int row = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    const int row_dst = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
 
-    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
-        const int i = row * ne0 + i0;
-        *reinterpret_cast<sycl::vec<T, 2> *>(dst + i) = *reinterpret_cast<const sycl::vec<T, 2> *>(x + i);
-        return;
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
+
+    int idst = i0 / 2 + i1 * s1 + i2 * s2 + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix = i0 / 2 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
+
+    if (set_rows_stride != 0) {
+        idst = i1 * s1 + i0 / 2;
+        idst += row_indices[i2] * set_rows_stride;
     }
 
-    const int row0     = row % ne1;
-    const int channel0 = row / ne1;
+    if (i0 >= n_dims) {
+        dst[idst + i0 / 2 + 0] = ggml_sycl_cast<D>(x[ix + i0 / 2 + 0]);
+        dst[idst + i0 / 2 + 1] = ggml_sycl_cast<D>(x[ix + i0 / 2 + 1]);
 
-    const int i  = row * ne0 + i0 / 2;
-    const int i2 = channel0 * s2 + row0 * s1 + i0 / 2;
+        return;
+    }
 
-    const float theta_base = pos[channel0] * sycl::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+    const float theta_base = pos[i2] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0 / 2] : 1.0f;
 
     float cos_theta;
     float sin_theta;
 
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
+    rope_yarn<forward>(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0,
+                       ext_factor, attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
 
-    const float x0 = x[i2 + 0];
-    const float x1 = x[i2 + n_dims / 2];
+    const float x0 = x[ix + 0];
+    const float x1 = x[ix + n_dims / 2];
 
-    dst[i + 0]          = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
-    dst[i + n_dims / 2] = x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta;
+    dst[idst + 0] = ggml_sycl_cast<D>(x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta);
+    dst[idst + n_dims / 2] = ggml_sycl_cast<D>(x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta);
 }
 
-template <typename T, bool has_ff>
-static void rope_multi(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const size_t s1,
-                        const size_t s2, const int n_dims, const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale,
-                        const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
-                        const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections,
-                        const sycl::nd_item<3> & item_ct1) {
-    // get index pos
-    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_group(1) * item_ct1.get_local_range(1) + item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
+static void rope_multi(const T *x, T *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+                       const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02,
+                       const int s03, const int s1, const int s2, const int s3,
+                       const int n_dims, const int32_t *pos,
+                       const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor,
+                       const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                       const float theta_scale, const float *freq_factors,
+                       const mrope_sections sections, const bool is_imrope) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
+
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
-    const int    row_dst   = (item_ct1.get_group(2) * item_ct1.get_local_range(2)) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+    const int row_dst = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
+
+    int idst = i0 / 2 + i1 * s1 + i2 * s2 + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix = i0 / 2 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
 
     if (i0 >= n_dims) {
-        const int i = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
-        *reinterpret_cast<sycl::vec<T, 2> *>(dst + i) = *reinterpret_cast<const sycl::vec<T, 2> *>(x + i);
+        dst[idst + i0 / 2 + 0] = x[ix + i0 / 2 + 0];
+        dst[idst + i0 / 2 + 1] = x[ix + i0 / 2 + 1];
+
         return;
     }
 
-    const int    row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const int    channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-    const int    idst      = (row_dst * ne0) + (i0 / 2);
-    const size_t ix        = ((size_t) channel_x * s2) + ((size_t) row_x * s1) + (i0 / 2);
-
-    const int sect_dims = sections.v[0] + sections.v[1] + sections.v[2] + sections.v[3];
+    const int sect_dims =
+        sections.v[0] + sections.v[1] + sections.v[2] + sections.v[3];
     const int sec_w = sections.v[1] + sections.v[0];
     const int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
 
-
     float theta_base = 0.0;
-    if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x]*sycl::pow(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x + ne2 * 1]*sycl::pow(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x + ne2 * 2]*sycl::pow(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
-        theta_base = pos[channel_x + ne2 * 3]*sycl::pow(theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+    if (is_imrope) {
+        if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * sections.v[1]) { // h
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 1] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * sections.v[2]) { // w
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 2] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * sections.v[0]) { // t
+            theta_base = pos[i2] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 3] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 1] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 2] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        } else if (sector >= sec_w + sections.v[2]) {
+            theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02 * 3] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, i0 / 2.0f);
+        }
     }
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0 / 2] : 1.0f;
-    float       cos_theta;
-    float       sin_theta;
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
-    const float x0 = x[ix + 0];
-    const float x1 = x[ix + n_dims/2];
 
-    // store results in dst
-    dst[idst + 0]      = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
-    dst[idst + n_dims/2] = x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta;
-}
+    float cos_theta;
+    float sin_theta;
 
+    rope_yarn<forward>(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0,
+                       ext_factor, attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
 
+    const float x0 = x[ix + 0];
+    const float x1 = x[ix + n_dims / 2];
 
-template <typename T, bool has_ff>
-static void rope_vision(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const size_t s1,
-                        const size_t s2, const int n_dims, const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale,
-                        const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
-                        const float theta_scale, const float * freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections,
-                        const sycl::nd_item<3> & item_ct1) {
-    // get index pos
-    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_group(1) * item_ct1.get_local_range(1) + item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+    dst[idst + 0] = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
+    dst[idst + n_dims / 2] = x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta;
+}
+
+template <bool forward, bool has_ff, typename T>
+static void rope_vision(const T *x, T *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+                        const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02,
+                        const int s03, const int s1, const int s2, const int s3,
+                        const int n_dims, const int32_t *pos,
+                        const float freq_scale, const float ext_factor,
+                        const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                        const float theta_scale, const float *freq_factors,
+                        const mrope_sections sections) {
+    auto item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int i0 = 2 * (item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
+
+    if (i0 >= ne00) {
         return;
     }
-    const int    row_dst   = (item_ct1.get_group(2) * item_ct1.get_local_range(2)) + item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-    const int    row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const int    channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-    const int    idst      = (row_dst * ne0) + (i0 / 2);
-    const size_t ix        = ((size_t) channel_x * s2) + ((size_t) row_x * s1) + (i0 / 2);
+
+    const int row_dst = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
+                        item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+
+    const uint32_t i3 = row_dst / (ne01 * ne02);
+    const uint32_t i2 = (row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02) / ne01;
+    const uint32_t i1 = row_dst - i3 * ne01 * ne02 - i2 * ne01;
+
+    int idst = i0 / 2 + i1 * s1 + i2 * s2 + i3 * s3;
+    const int ix = i0 / 2 + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
 
     const int sect_dims = sections.v[0] + sections.v[1];
-    const int sector    = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+    const int sec_w = sections.v[1] + sections.v[0];
+    const int sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
 
-    float theta_base = 0.0f;
+    float theta_base = 0.0;
     if (sector < sections.v[0]) {
         const int p = sector;
-        theta_base  = pos[channel_x] * sycl::pow(theta_scale, (float) p);
-    } else {
-        // Simplified from CUDA backend code: if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) which is just sector >= sections.v[0]
+        theta_base = pos[i2] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, p);
+    } else if (sector >= sections.v[0] && sector < sec_w) {
         const int p = sector - sections.v[0];
-        theta_base  = pos[channel_x + ne2] * sycl::pow(theta_scale, (float) p);
+        theta_base = pos[i2 + ne02] * dpct::pow(theta_scale, p);
     }
 
     const float freq_factor = has_ff ? freq_factors[i0 / 2] : 1.0f;
-    float       cos_theta;
-    float       sin_theta;
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0, ext_factor, attn_factor, &cos_theta, &sin_theta);
+
+    float cos_theta;
+    float sin_theta;
+
+    rope_yarn<forward>(theta_base / freq_factor, freq_scale, corr_dims, i0,
+                       ext_factor, attn_factor, cos_theta, sin_theta);
+
     const float x0 = x[ix + 0];
     const float x1 = x[ix + n_dims];
 
-    // store results in dst
-    dst[idst + 0]      = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
+    dst[idst + 0] = x0 * cos_theta - x1 * sin_theta;
     dst[idst + n_dims] = x0 * sin_theta + x1 * cos_theta;
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static void rope_norm_sycl(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2,
-                           const int n_dims, int nr, const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale, const float freq_base,
-                           const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
-                           const float * freq_factors, queue_ptr stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
-    const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int            num_blocks_x = ceil_div(ne0, (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE));
-    const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, num_blocks_x, nr);
+template <bool forward, typename T, typename D>
+static void
+rope_norm_sycl(const T *x, D *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+               const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02, const int s03,
+               const int s1, const int s2, const int s3, const int n_dims,
+               const int nr, const int32_t *pos, const float freq_scale,
+               const float freq_base, const float ext_factor,
+               const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+               const float *freq_factors, const int64_t *row_indices,
+               const int set_rows_stride, dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
+    const int n_blocks_x =
+        (ne00 + 2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
 
     const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
-    dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
-
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
-        /*
-        DPCT1049:40: The work-group size passed to the SYCL kernel may exceed
-        the limit. To get the device limit, query
-        info::device::max_work_group_size. Adjust the work-group size if needed.
-        */
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                              rope_norm<T, false>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-                                                  attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_norm<forward, false>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
+            });
     } else {
-        /*
-        DPCT1049:41: The work-group size passed to the SYCL kernel may exceed
-        the limit. To get the device limit, query
-        info::device::max_work_group_size. Adjust the work-group size if needed.
-        */
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                              rope_norm<T, true>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-                                                 attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_norm<forward, true>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
+            });
     }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static void rope_neox_sycl(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int s1, const int s2,
-                           const int n_dims, const int nr, const int32_t * pos, const float freq_scale,
-                           const float freq_base, const float ext_factor, const float attn_factor,
-                           const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors, queue_ptr stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
-    const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int            num_blocks_x = ceil_div(ne0, (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE));
-    const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, num_blocks_x, nr);
+template <bool forward, typename T, typename D>
+static void
+rope_neox_sycl(const T *x, D *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+               const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02, const int s03,
+               const int s1, const int s2, const int s3, const int n_dims,
+               const int nr, const int32_t *pos, const float freq_scale,
+               const float freq_base, const float ext_factor,
+               const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+               const float *freq_factors, const int64_t *row_indices,
+               const int set_rows_stride, dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
+    const int n_blocks_x =
+        (ne00 + 2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
 
     const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
-    dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
-
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                              rope_neox<T, false>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-                                                  attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_neox<forward, false>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
+            });
     } else {
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-                          [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-                              rope_neox<T, true>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor,
-                                                 attn_factor, corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, item_ct1);
-                          });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_neox<forward, true>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, row_indices, set_rows_stride);
+            });
     }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-static void rope_multi_sycl(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const size_t s1,
-                             const size_t s2, const int n_dims, const int nr, const int32_t * pos,
-                             const float freq_scale, const float freq_base, const float ext_factor,
-                             const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors,
-                             const mrope_sections sections, queue_ptr stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
-    const sycl::range<3>    block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int               n_blocks_y = ceil_div(ne0, (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE));
-    const sycl::range<3>    grid_dims(1, n_blocks_y, nr);
-    const sycl::nd_range<3> nd_range(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims);
-
-    const float theta_scale = std::pow(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
-    // Add FP16 capability check if T could be sycl::half
-    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) {
-        dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
-    }
-    // launch kernel
+template <bool forward, typename T>
+static void
+rope_multi_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+                const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02, const int s03,
+                const int s1, const int s2, const int s3, const int n_dims,
+                const int nr, const int32_t *pos, const float freq_scale,
+                const float freq_base, const float ext_factor,
+                const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                const float *freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections,
+                const bool is_imrope, dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
+    const int n_blocks_x =
+        (ne00 + 2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
+
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
+
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, nd_range, [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-            rope_multi<T, false>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor,
-                                  corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, item_ct1);
-        });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_multi<forward, false, T>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, is_imrope);
+            });
     } else {
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, nd_range, [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-            rope_multi<T, true>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor,
-                                 corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, item_ct1);
-        });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_multi<forward, true, T>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, is_imrope);
+            });
     }
 }
 
+template <bool forward, typename T>
+static void
+rope_vision_sycl(const T *x, T *dst, const int ne00, const int ne01,
+                 const int ne02, const int s01, const int s02, const int s03,
+                 const int s1, const int s2, const int s3, const int n_dims,
+                 const int nr, const int32_t *pos, const float freq_scale,
+                 const float freq_base, const float ext_factor,
+                 const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims,
+                 const float *freq_factors, const mrope_sections sections,
+                 dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne00 % 2 == 0);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
+    const int n_blocks_x =
+        (ne00 + 2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_nums(nr, n_blocks_x, 1);
 
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
-
-// rope vision
-template <typename T>
-static void rope_vision_sycl(const T * x, T * dst, const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const size_t s1,
-                             const size_t s2, const int n_dims, const int nr, const int32_t * pos,
-                             const float freq_scale, const float freq_base, const float ext_factor,
-                             const float attn_factor, const rope_corr_dims corr_dims, const float * freq_factors,
-                             const mrope_sections sections, queue_ptr stream) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 % 2 == 0);
-    const sycl::range<3>    block_dims(1, SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
-    const int               n_blocks_y = ceil_div(ne0, (2 * SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE));
-    const sycl::range<3>    grid_dims(1, n_blocks_y, nr);
-    const sycl::nd_range<3> nd_range(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims);
-
-    const float theta_scale = std::pow(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
-    // Add FP16 capability check if T could be sycl::half
-    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) {
-        dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
-    }
-    // launch kernel
     if (freq_factors == nullptr) {
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, nd_range, [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-            rope_vision<T, false>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor,
-                                  corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, item_ct1);
-        });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_vision<forward, false, T>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, sections);
+            });
     } else {
-        sycl_parallel_for(stream, nd_range, [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-            rope_vision<T, true>(x, dst, ne0, ne1, ne2, s1, s2, n_dims, pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor,
-                                 corr_dims, theta_scale, freq_factors, sections, item_ct1);
-        });
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                rope_vision<forward, true, T>(
+                    x, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims,
+                    pos, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                    theta_scale, freq_factors, sections);
+            });
     }
 }
 
-inline void ggml_sycl_op_rope(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+template <bool forward>
+void ggml_sycl_op_rope_impl(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, ggml_tensor *dst,
+                            const ggml_tensor *set_rows = nullptr) {
+    const ggml_tensor *src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor *src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor *src2 = dst->src[2];
+
+    const float *src0_d = (const float *)src0->data;
+    const float *src1_d = (const float *)src1->data;
+
+    void *dst_d = dst->data;
+    const int64_t *row_indices = nullptr;
+    ggml_type dst_type = dst->type;
+    int set_rows_stride = 0;
+
+    if (set_rows != nullptr) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(forward);
+        dst_d = set_rows->data;
+        row_indices = (const int64_t *)set_rows->src[1]->data;
+        dst_type = set_rows->type;
+        set_rows_stride = set_rows->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(set_rows->type);
+    }
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type ||
+                (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ||  dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == dst->type);
-    const int64_t ne00 = dst->src[0]->ne[0]; // head dims
-    const int64_t ne01 = dst->src[0]->ne[1]; // num heads
-    const int64_t ne02 = dst->src[0]->ne[2]; // num heads
-    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(dst->src[0]);
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0]; // head dims
+    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1]; // num heads
+    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2]; // num heads
+    const int64_t nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
 
-    const size_t s01 = dst->src[0]->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->src[0]->type);
-    const size_t s02 = dst->src[0]->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->src[0]->type);
+    const size_t s01 = src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t s02 = src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t s03 = src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
 
+    const size_t s1 = dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    const size_t s2 = dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    const size_t s3 = dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    //const int n_past      = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
-    const int n_dims      = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
-    const int mode        = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
-    //const int n_ctx       = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
-    const int n_ctx_orig  = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+    const int n_dims = ((int32_t *)dst->op_params)[1];
+    const int mode = ((int32_t *)dst->op_params)[2];
+    const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t *)dst->op_params)[4];
     mrope_sections sections;
 
-    // RoPE alteration for extended context
     float freq_base;
     float freq_scale;
     float ext_factor;
@@ -378,95 +506,136 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_rope(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst)
     float beta_fast;
     float beta_slow;
 
-    memcpy(&freq_base,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  5, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&freq_scale,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  6, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&ext_factor,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  7, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  8, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&beta_fast,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params +  9, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&beta_slow,   (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&sections.v,  (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int)*4);
+    memcpy(&freq_base, (int32_t *)dst->op_params + 5, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&freq_scale, (int32_t *)dst->op_params + 6, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&ext_factor, (int32_t *)dst->op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *)dst->op_params + 8, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_fast, (int32_t *)dst->op_params + 9, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_slow, (int32_t *)dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&sections.v, (int32_t *)dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int) * 4);
 
     const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
     const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    const bool is_imrope = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE;
     const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
 
     if (is_mrope) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(sections.v[0] > 0 || sections.v[1] > 0 || sections.v[2] > 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(sections.v[0] > 0 || sections.v[1] > 0 ||
+                    sections.v[2] > 0);
     }
 
     if (is_vision) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne00/2);
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_dims == ne00 / 2);
     }
 
-    const int32_t * pos = (const int32_t *) dst->src[1]->data;
+    const int32_t *pos = (const int32_t *)src1_d;
 
-    const float * freq_factors = nullptr;
-    if (dst->src[2] != nullptr) {
-        freq_factors = (const float *) dst->src[2]->data;
+    const float *freq_factors = nullptr;
+    if (src2 != nullptr) {
+        freq_factors = (const float *)src2->data;
     }
 
     rope_corr_dims corr_dims;
-    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims.v);
-
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
-    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast,
+                             beta_slow, corr_dims.v);
 
     // compute
     if (is_neox) {
         GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("%s: neox path\n", __func__);
-        if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_neox_sycl((const float *) dst->src[0]->data, (float *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, s01, s02, n_dims, nr,
-                           pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, main_stream);
-        } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_neox_sycl((const sycl::half *) dst->src[0]->data, (sycl::half *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, s01, s02,
-                           n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
-                           main_stream);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_neox_sycl<forward, float, float>(
+                (const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01,
+                s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_neox_sycl<forward, float, sycl::half>(
+                (const float *)src0_d, (sycl::half *)dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02,
+                s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
+                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
+                row_indices, set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_neox_sycl<forward, sycl::half, sycl::half>(
+                (const sycl::half *)src0_d, (sycl::half *)dst_d, ne00, ne01,
+                ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
+                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
+                row_indices, set_rows_stride, stream);
         } else {
-            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            GGML_ABORT("Fatal error: Tensor type unsupported!");
         }
     } else if (is_mrope && !is_vision) {
         GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("%s: mrope path\n", __func__);
-        if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_multi_sycl((const sycl::half *)dst->src[0]->data, (sycl::half *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01,
-                s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
-                freq_factors, sections, main_stream);
-        } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_multi_sycl((const float *) dst->src[0]->data, (float *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, n_dims,
-                             nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections,
-                             main_stream);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_multi_sycl<forward>((const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d,
+                                     ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2,
+                                     s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                                     ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
+                                     freq_factors, sections, is_imrope, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_multi_sycl<forward>(
+                (const sycl::half *)src0_d, (sycl::half *)dst_d, ne00, ne01,
+                ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
+                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
+                sections, is_imrope, stream);
         } else {
             GGML_ABORT("Fatal error: Tensor type unsupported!");
         }
     } else if (is_vision) {
         GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("%s: vision path\n", __func__);
-        if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_vision_sycl((const sycl::half *) dst->src[0]->data, (sycl::half *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01,
-                             s02, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims,
-                             freq_factors, sections, main_stream);
-        } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_vision_sycl((const float *) dst->src[0]->data, (float *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01, s02, n_dims,
-                             nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections,
-                             main_stream);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_vision_sycl<forward>(
+                (const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01,
+                s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, sections,
+                stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_vision_sycl<forward>(
+                (const sycl::half *)src0_d, (sycl::half *)dst_d, ne00, ne01,
+                ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
+                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
+                sections, stream);
         } else {
             GGML_ABORT("Fatal error: Tensor type unsupported!");
         }
     } else {
         GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("%s: norm path\n", __func__);
-        if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            rope_norm_sycl((const float *) dst->src[0]->data, (float *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, s01, s02, n_dims, nr,
-                           pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, main_stream);
-        } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            rope_norm_sycl((const sycl::half *) dst->src[0]->data, (sycl::half *) dst->data, ne00, ne01, s01, s02,
-                           n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
-                           main_stream);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            rope_norm_sycl<forward, float, float>(
+                (const float *)src0_d, (float *)dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, s01,
+                s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale, freq_base,
+                ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors, row_indices,
+                set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_norm_sycl<forward, float, sycl::half>(
+                (const float *)src0_d, (sycl::half *)dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02,
+                s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
+                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
+                row_indices, set_rows_stride, stream);
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            rope_norm_sycl<forward, sycl::half, sycl::half>(
+                (const sycl::half *)src0_d, (sycl::half *)dst_d, ne00, ne01,
+                ne02, s01, s02, s03, s1, s2, s3, n_dims, nr, pos, freq_scale,
+                freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, corr_dims, freq_factors,
+                row_indices, set_rows_stride, stream);
         } else {
-            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            GGML_ABORT("Fatal error: Tensor type unsupported!");
         }
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_sycl_rope(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+void ggml_sycl_rope(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/3);
-    ggml_sycl_op_rope(ctx, dst);
+
+    ggml_sycl_op_rope_impl<true>(ctx, dst);
 }
 
+void ggml_sycl_rope_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, ggml_tensor *dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/3);
+    ggml_sycl_op_rope_impl<false>(ctx, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_rope_fused(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, ggml_tensor *rope,
+                          ggml_tensor *set_rows) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, rope, /*num_src=*/3);
+    ggml_sycl_op_rope_impl<true>(ctx, rope, set_rows);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.hpp
index 8c7141aac5c..b95a585808b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/rope.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@
 
 #include "common.hpp"
 
+#define SYCL_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
 void ggml_sycl_rope(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *dst);
 
+void ggml_sycl_rope_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_sycl_rope_fused(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_tensor * set_rows);
+
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_ROPE_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..381326d230a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "presets.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "set.hpp"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
+using namespace sycl;
+
+// Internal function: perform element-wise set operation for each thread
+inline void set_f32(const float* src, float* dst,
+                    const int64_t ne0, const int64_t ne1,
+                    const int64_t ne2, const int64_t ne3,
+                    const int64_t nb[3], const int64_t src_nb[3],
+                    const int64_t offset_elem,
+                    const nd_item<1>& item)
+{
+    const size_t idx = item.get_global_id(0);
+    const size_t total = ne0 * ne1 * ne2 * ne3;
+    if (idx >= total) return;
+
+    // Convert linear index to 4D indices
+    const size_t i3 = idx / (ne2 * ne1 * ne0);
+    const size_t rem = idx % (ne2 * ne1 * ne0);
+    const size_t i2 = rem / (ne1 * ne0);
+    const size_t rem2 = rem % (ne1 * ne0);
+    const size_t i1 = rem2 / ne0;
+    const size_t i0 = rem2 % ne0;
+
+    // Compute source and destination indices and copy
+    dst[i0 + i1*nb[0] + i2*nb[1] + i3*nb[2] + offset_elem] =
+        src[i0 + i1*src_nb[0] + i2*src_nb[1] + i3*src_nb[2]];
+}
+
+// Main function: prepare GPU queue and launch parallel_for
+void ggml_sycl_op_set(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    // Ensure shapes and types are compatible
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == src0->type && src0->type == src1->type && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int32_t* opts = (const int32_t*) dst->op_params;
+    const int64_t nb[3]     = {opts[0]/sizeof(float), opts[1]/sizeof(float), opts[2]/sizeof(float)};
+    const int64_t offset_elem = opts[3] / sizeof(float);
+    const bool inplace = opts[4];
+
+    float* dst_ptr = (float*) dst->data;
+    const float* src0_ptr = (const float*) src0->data;
+    const float* src1_ptr = (const float*) src1->data;
+
+    queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    // Copy src0 to dst if not inplace
+    if (!inplace)
+        stream->memcpy(dst_ptr, src0_ptr, ggml_nbytes(dst));
+
+    const int64_t ne[4] = {src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3]};
+    const int64_t src_nb[3] = {src1->nb[1]/sizeof(float), src1->nb[2]/sizeof(float), src1->nb[3]/sizeof(float)};
+
+    const size_t total_threads = ne[0]*ne[1]*ne[2]*ne[3];
+    const size_t grid_size = ((total_threads + SYCL_SET_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_SET_BLOCK_SIZE) * SYCL_SET_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    // Copy src0 to dst if not inplace
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        nd_range<1>(range<1>(grid_size), range<1>(SYCL_SET_BLOCK_SIZE)),
+        [=](nd_item<1> item) {
+            set_f32(src1_ptr, dst_ptr,
+                ne[0], ne[1], ne[2], ne[3],
+                nb, src_nb, offset_elem, item); }
+    );
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..657d7ac9a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "backend.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_set(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set_rows.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set_rows.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a641c100913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set_rows.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+#include "set_rows.hpp"
+#include "cpy.hpp"
+
+namespace utils {
+template<typename T>
+static constexpr bool is_arithmetic_v() {
+    return std::is_arithmetic_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half> || std::is_same_v<T, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>;
+}
+}
+
+template<typename TIn, typename TOut>
+static inline std::enable_if_t<utils::is_arithmetic_v<TIn>() && utils::is_arithmetic_v<TOut>(), void>
+convert (const char* src, char* dst) {
+    auto src_val = *reinterpret_cast<const TIn*>(src);
+    auto dst_val = sycl::vec<TIn, 1>(src_val).template convert<TOut, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0];
+   *reinterpret_cast<TOut*>(dst) = dst_val;
+}
+
+template <typename TIdx, typename blockType, int qk, cpy_kernel_t cpyblck>
+static void set_rows_sycl_q(const char * __restrict__ src0_d,
+                            const TIdx * __restrict__ src1_d,
+                            blockType * __restrict__ dst_d,
+                            // tensor dimensions src0 and src1
+                            const int64_t ne00,
+                            const int64_t ne01,
+                            const int64_t ne02,
+                            const int64_t ne03,
+                            const int64_t ne10,
+                            const int64_t ne11,
+                            const int64_t ne12,
+                            const int64_t ne13,
+                            // strides for src0
+                            const size_t  nb00,
+                            const size_t  nb01,
+                            const size_t  nb02,
+                            const size_t  nb03,
+                            // strides for src1
+                            const size_t  nb10,
+                            const size_t  nb11,
+                            const size_t  nb12,
+                            const size_t  nb13,
+                            // strides for dst
+                            const size_t  nb1,
+                            const size_t  nb2,
+                            const size_t  nb3,
+                            queue_ptr     stream) {
+    const int64_t total_blocks = (ne00 * ne01 * ne02 * ne03) / qk;
+    constexpr int block_size   = 256;
+    const int64_t grid_size    = ceil_div(total_blocks, block_size);
+
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<1>(grid_size * block_size, block_size), [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+        const int64_t i = item_ct1.get_global_linear_id();
+        if (i >= total_blocks) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const int64_t i_base      = i * qk;
+        const int64_t i03         = i_base / (ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
+        const int64_t rem1        = i_base - i03 * (ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
+        const int64_t i02         = rem1 / (ne00 * ne01);
+        const int64_t rem2        = rem1 - i02 * ne00 * ne01;
+        const int64_t i01         = rem2 / ne00;
+        const int64_t i00         = rem2 - i01 * ne00;
+        const int64_t i12         = i03 % ne12;
+        const int64_t i11         = i02 % ne11;
+        const int64_t i10         = i01;
+        const size_t  src_offset  = calculate_offset<3>({ nb01, nb02, nb03 }, { i01, i02, i03 });
+        const char *  src_block   = src0_d + src_offset + i00 * sizeof(float);
+        const size_t  src1_offset = calculate_offset<3>({ nb10, nb11, nb12 }, { i10, i11, i12 });
+        const int64_t dst_row     = src1_d[src1_offset / sizeof(TIdx)];
+        const size_t  dst_offset =
+            calculate_offset<3>({ nb1, nb2, nb3 }, { dst_row, i02, i03 }) + (i00 / qk) * sizeof(blockType);
+        char * dst_block = reinterpret_cast<char *>(reinterpret_cast<char *>(dst_d) + dst_offset);
+        cpyblck(src_block, dst_block);
+    });
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne10);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ne13);
+    GGML_UNUSED(nb00);
+    GGML_UNUSED(nb13);
+}
+
+template<typename TIn, typename TIdx, typename TOut>
+static void k_set_rows(
+        const char * __restrict__ src0, const TIdx * __restrict__ src1, char * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
+        const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12,
+        const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
+        const size_t nb10, const size_t nb11, const size_t nb12,
+        const size_t nb1, const size_t nb2, const size_t nb3,
+        const size_t src_type_size, const size_t dst_type_size,
+        const int64_t total_elements,
+        const sycl::nd_item<1> & item_ct1) {
+
+    const int64_t i = item_ct1.get_global_linear_id();
+    if (i >= total_elements) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i03 = i / (ne00 * ne01 * ne02);
+    const int64_t i02 = (i - i03 * ne00 * ne01 * ne02) / (ne00 * ne01);
+    const int64_t i01 = (i - i03 * ne00 * ne01 * ne02 - i02 * ne00 * ne01) / ne00;
+    const int64_t i00 = i - i03 * ne00 * ne01 * ne02 - i02 * ne00 * ne01 - i01 * ne00;
+
+    const int64_t i12 = i03 % ne12;
+    const int64_t i11 = i02 % ne11;
+    const int64_t i10 = i01;
+
+    const int64_t dst_row = *(const TIdx *)((const char *)src1 + calculate_offset<3>({nb10, nb11, nb12}, {i10, i11, i12}));
+
+    const char * src0_row = src0 + calculate_offset<3>({nb01, nb02, nb03}, {i01, i02, i03});
+    const char * src_elem = src0_row + i00 * src_type_size;
+    char * dst_row_ptr = dst + dst_row*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3;
+    char * dst_elem = dst_row_ptr + i00 * dst_type_size;
+
+    convert<TIn, TOut>(src_elem, dst_elem);
+}
+
+template<typename TIn, typename TIdx, typename TOut>
+static void set_rows_sycl(
+        const char * src0_d, const TIdx * src1_d, char * dst_d,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
+        const size_t nb10, const size_t nb11, const size_t nb12,
+        const size_t nb1, const size_t nb2, const size_t nb3,
+        const size_t src_type_size, const size_t dst_type_size,
+        queue_ptr stream) {
+
+    const int64_t total_elements = ne00 * ne01 * ne02 * ne03;
+
+    constexpr int block_size = 64;
+    const int64_t grid_size = ceil_div(total_elements, block_size);
+
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<1>(grid_size * block_size, block_size),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item_ct1) {
+            k_set_rows<TIn, TIdx, TOut>(
+                src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02,
+                ne11, ne12,
+                nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                nb10, nb11, nb12,
+                nb1, nb2, nb3,
+                src_type_size, dst_type_size,
+                total_elements,
+                item_ct1
+            );
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+template<typename TIn, typename TIdx>
+static void set_rows_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const char * src0_d = (const char *)src0->data;
+    const TIdx * src1_d = (const TIdx *)src1->data;
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            set_rows_sycl<TIn, TIdx, float>(
+                src0_d, src1_d, (char *)dst->data,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                ne11, ne12,
+                nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                nb10, nb11, nb12,
+                nb1, nb2, nb3,
+                sizeof(TIn), sizeof(float),
+                stream
+            );
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(), { sycl::aspect::fp16 });
+            set_rows_sycl<TIn, TIdx, sycl::half>(
+                src0_d, src1_d, (char *)dst->data,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                ne11, ne12,
+                nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                nb10, nb11, nb12,
+                nb1, nb2, nb3,
+                sizeof(TIn), sizeof(sycl::half),
+                stream
+            );
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            set_rows_sycl<TIn, TIdx, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>(
+                src0_d, src1_d, (char *)dst->data,
+                ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                ne11, ne12,
+                nb01, nb02, nb03,
+                nb10, nb11, nb12,
+                nb1, nb2, nb3,
+                sizeof(TIn), sizeof(sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16),
+                stream
+            );
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            set_rows_sycl_q<TIdx, block_q8_0, QK8_0, cpy_blck_f32_q8_0>(src0_d, src1_d, (block_q8_0 *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            set_rows_sycl_q<TIdx, block_q5_1, QK5_1, cpy_blck_f32_q5_1>(src0_d, src1_d, (block_q5_1 *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            set_rows_sycl_q<TIdx, block_q5_0, QK5_0, cpy_blck_f32_q5_0>(src0_d, src1_d, (block_q5_0 *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            set_rows_sycl_q<TIdx, block_q4_1, QK4_1, cpy_blck_f32_q4_1>(src0_d, src1_d, (block_q4_1 *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            set_rows_sycl_q<TIdx, block_q4_0, QK4_0, cpy_blck_f32_q4_0>(src0_d, src1_d, (block_q4_0 *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+            set_rows_sycl_q<TIdx, block_iq4_nl, QK4_NL, cpy_blck_f32_iq4_nl>(src0_d, src1_d, (block_iq4_nl *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported tensor type!");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_set_rows(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        set_rows_sycl<float, int64_t>(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+    } else {
+        set_rows_sycl<float, int32_t>(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set_rows.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set_rows.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27fcc8f9017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set_rows.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef GGML_SYCL_SET_ROWS_HPP
+#define GGML_SYCL_SET_ROWS_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_set_rows(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif // GGML_SYCL_SET_ROWS_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp
index 7b60c292e0c..fdf9b843e01 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp
@@ -1,37 +1,94 @@
 #include "softmax.hpp"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
+#include <cmath>
 
-template <bool vals_smem, int ncols_template, int block_size_template, typename T>
-static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par,
-                         const int nrows_y, const float scale, const float max_bias, const float m0,
-                         const float m1, uint32_t n_head_log2, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1, float *buf) {
-    const int ncols = ncols_template == 0 ? ncols_par : ncols_template;
 
-    const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
-    const int rowx = item_ct1.get_group(2);
-    const int rowy = rowx % nrows_y; // broadcast the mask (y) in the row dimension
+template <typename T> static __dpct_inline__ float t2f32(T val) {
+    return (float) val;
+}
 
-    const int block_size = block_size_template == 0 ? item_ct1.get_local_range(2) : block_size_template;
+template <> float __dpct_inline__ t2f32<sycl::half>(sycl::half val) {
+  return sycl::vec<sycl::half, 1>(val)
+      .convert<float, sycl::rounding_mode::automatic>()[0];
+}
 
-    const int warp_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / WARP_SIZE;
-    const int lane_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % WARP_SIZE;
+struct soft_max_params {
+
+    int64_t nheads;
+    uint32_t n_head_log2;
+    int64_t ncols;
+    int64_t nrows_x;
+    int64_t nrows_y;
+    int64_t ne00;
+    int64_t ne01;
+    int64_t ne02;
+    int64_t ne03;
+    int64_t nb11;
+    int64_t nb12;
+    int64_t nb13;
+
+    int64_t ne12;
+    int64_t ne13;
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+    float m0;
+    float m1;
+};
+
+// When ncols_template == 0 the bounds for the loops in this function are not known and can't be unrolled.
+// As we want to keep pragma unroll for all other cases we suppress the clang transformation warning here.
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpass-failed"
+#endif // __clang__
+template <bool use_shared, int ncols_template, int block_size_template, typename T>
+static void soft_max_f32(const float *         x,
+                         const T *             mask,
+                         const float *         sinks,
+                         float *               dst,
+                         const soft_max_params p,
+                         uint8_t *             dpct_local) {
+    auto      item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int ncols    = ncols_template == 0 ? p.ncols : ncols_template;
+    const int block_size = block_size_template == 0
+                               ? item_ct1.get_local_range(2)
+                               : block_size_template;
     const int nthreads = block_size;
     const int nwarps = nthreads / WARP_SIZE;
     size_t nreduce = nwarps / WARP_SIZE;
-    float slope = 1.0f;
 
-    // ALiBi
-    if (max_bias > 0.0f) {
-        const uint32_t h = rowx/nrows_y; // head index
+    const int tid = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
 
-        const float base = h < n_head_log2 ? m0 : m1;
-        const int   exp  = h < n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1;
+    const int64_t i03 = item_ct1.get_group(0);
+    const int64_t i02 = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    const int64_t i01 = item_ct1.get_group(2);
 
-        slope = sycl::pow(base, float(exp));
-    }
+    //TODO: noncontigous inputs/outputs
+    const int rowx = item_ct1.get_group(2) +
+                     item_ct1.get_group(1) * item_ct1.get_group_range(2) +
+                     item_ct1.get_group(0) * item_ct1.get_group_range(2) *
+                         item_ct1.get_group_range(1);
+
+    const int64_t i11 = i01;
+    const int64_t i12 = i02 % p.ne12;
+    const int64_t i13 = i03 % p.ne13;
 
-    float *vals = vals_smem ? buf + sycl::max(nwarps, WARP_SIZE) : dst + rowx * ncols;
-    float max_val = -INFINITY;
+    x    += int64_t(rowx)*ncols;
+    mask += (i11*p.nb11 + i12*p.nb12 + i13*p.nb13) / sizeof(T) * (mask != nullptr);
+    dst  += int64_t(rowx)*ncols;
 
+    const int warp_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const int lane_id = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % WARP_SIZE;
+
+    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(p.max_bias, i02, p.n_head_log2, p.m0, p.m1);
+
+    float * buf_iw = (float *) dpct_local;
+
+    // shared memory buffer to cache values between iterations:
+    float *vals = use_shared ? buf_iw + sycl::max(nwarps, WARP_SIZE) : dst;
+    float max_val = sinks ? sinks[i02] : -INFINITY;
+#pragma unroll
     for (int col0 = 0; col0 < ncols; col0 += block_size) {
         const int col = col0 + tid;
 
@@ -39,42 +96,35 @@ static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int
             break;
         }
 
-        const int ix = rowx*ncols + col;
-        const int iy = rowy*ncols + col;
-
-        const float val = x[ix]*scale + (mask ? slope*static_cast<float>(mask[iy]) : 0.0f);
+        const float val = x[col]*p.scale + (mask ? slope*t2f32(mask[col]) : 0.0f);
 
         vals[col] = val;
-        max_val = sycl::max(max_val, val);
+        max_val   = sycl::max(max_val, val);
     }
-
     // find the max value in the block
-    max_val = warp_reduce_max(max_val, item_ct1);
+    max_val = warp_reduce_max<WARP_SIZE>(max_val);
+
     if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
         if (warp_id == 0) {
-            buf[lane_id] = -INFINITY;
-            for (size_t i = 1; i < nreduce; i += 1) {
-                buf[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE] = -INFINITY;
-            }
+            buf_iw[lane_id] = -INFINITY;
         }
-        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+        item_ct1.barrier();
 
         if (lane_id == 0) {
-            buf[warp_id] = max_val;
+            buf_iw[warp_id] = max_val;
         }
-        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
-        max_val = buf[lane_id];
-        for (size_t i = 1; i < nreduce; i += 1) {
-            max_val = sycl::max(max_val, buf[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE]);
-        }
-        max_val = warp_reduce_max(max_val, item_ct1);
+        item_ct1.barrier();
+
+        max_val = buf_iw[lane_id];
+        max_val = warp_reduce_max<WARP_SIZE>(max_val);
     }
+    float tmp = 0.0f; // partial sum
 
-    float tmp = 0.f;
 #pragma unroll
     for (int col0 = 0; col0 < ncols; col0 += block_size) {
         const int col = col0 + tid;
-                if (ncols_template == 0 && col >= ncols) {
+
+        if (ncols_template == 0 && col >= ncols) {
             break;
         }
 
@@ -82,32 +132,33 @@ static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int
         tmp += val;
         vals[col] = val;
     }
-
     // find the sum of exps in the block
-    tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp, item_ct1);
+    tmp = warp_reduce_sum<WARP_SIZE>(tmp);
     if (block_size > WARP_SIZE) {
-        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+        item_ct1.barrier();
         if (warp_id == 0) {
-            buf[lane_id] = 0.f;
+            buf_iw[lane_id] = 0.0f;
             for (size_t i = 1; i < nreduce; i += 1) {
-                buf[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE] = 0.f;
+                buf_iw[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE] = 0.f;
             }
         }
-        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+        item_ct1.barrier();
 
         if (lane_id == 0) {
-            buf[warp_id] = tmp;
+            buf_iw[warp_id] = tmp;
         }
-        item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+        item_ct1.barrier();
 
-        tmp = buf[lane_id];
+        tmp = buf_iw[lane_id];
         for (size_t i = 1; i < nreduce; i += 1) {
-            tmp += buf[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE];
+            tmp += buf_iw[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE];
         }
-        tmp = warp_reduce_sum(tmp, item_ct1);
+        tmp = warp_reduce_sum<WARP_SIZE>(tmp);
     }
-
-    const float inv_sum = 1.f / tmp;
+    if (sinks) {
+        tmp += sycl::native::exp(sinks[i02] - max_val);
+    }
+    const float inv_sum = 1.0f / tmp;
 
 #pragma unroll
     for (int col0 = 0; col0 < ncols; col0 += block_size) {
@@ -117,145 +168,259 @@ static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int
             return;
         }
 
-        const int idst = rowx*ncols + col;
-        dst[idst] = vals[col] * inv_sum;
+        dst[col] = vals[col] * inv_sum;
+    }
+}
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif // __clang__
+
+static void soft_max_back_f32(const float *grad, const float *dstf, float *dst,
+                              const int ncols, const float scale) {
+    auto      item_ct1 = sycl::ext::oneapi::this_work_item::get_nd_item<3>();
+    const int tid      = item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
+    const int rowx     = item_ct1.get_group(2);
+
+    grad += int64_t(rowx)*ncols;
+    dstf += int64_t(rowx)*ncols;
+    dst  += int64_t(rowx)*ncols;
+
+    float dgf_dot = 0.0f; // dot product of dst from forward pass and gradients
+
+    for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += WARP_SIZE) {
+        dgf_dot += dstf[col]*grad[col];
+    }
+
+    dgf_dot = warp_reduce_sum<WARP_SIZE>(dgf_dot);
+
+    for (int col = tid; col < ncols; col += WARP_SIZE) {
+        dst[col] = scale * (grad[col] - dgf_dot) * dstf[col];
     }
 }
 
-template <bool vals_smem, int ncols_template, int block_size_template, typename T>
-static void soft_max_f32_submitter(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par,
-                                   const int nrows_y, const float scale, const float max_bias, const float m0,
-                                   const float m1, uint32_t n_head_log2, sycl::range<3> block_nums, sycl::range<3> block_dims,
-                                   const size_t n_local_scratch, queue_ptr stream) {
-    sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
-        sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> local_buf_acc(n_local_scratch, cgh);
-
-        sycl_parallel_for(
-            cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
-            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
-                soft_max_f32<vals_smem, ncols_template, block_size_template>(x, mask, dst, ncols_par,
-                                                                             nrows_y, scale, max_bias, m0,
-                                                                             m1, n_head_log2, item_ct1,
-                                                                             get_pointer(local_buf_acc));
+template <int... Ns, typename T>
+static void launch_soft_max_kernels(const float *           x,
+                                    const T *               mask,
+                                    const float *           sinks,
+                                    float *                 dst,
+                                    const soft_max_params & p,
+                                    dpct::queue_ptr         stream,
+                                    dpct::dim3              block_dims,
+                                    dpct::dim3              block_nums,
+                                    size_t                  nbytes_shared)
+{
+    auto launch_kernel = [=](auto I) -> bool {
+        constexpr int ncols = decltype(I)::value;
+        constexpr int block = (ncols > 1024 ? 1024 : ncols);
+        if (p.ncols == ncols) {
+            stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+                sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> dpct_local_acc_ct1(
+                    sycl::range<1>(nbytes_shared), cgh);
+
+                cgh.parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(
+                        WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                        soft_max_f32<true, ncols, block>(
+                            x, mask, sinks, dst, p,
+                            dpct_local_acc_ct1
+                                .get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>()
+                                .get());
+                        GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                    });
             });
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    // unary fold over launch_kernel
+    if ((launch_kernel(std::integral_constant<int, Ns>{}) || ...)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+        sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> dpct_local_acc_ct1(
+            sycl::range<1>(nbytes_shared), cgh);
+
+        cgh.parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1)
+                [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    soft_max_f32<true, 0, 0>(
+                        x, mask, sinks, dst, p,
+                        dpct_local_acc_ct1
+                            .get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>()
+                            .get());
+                    GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                });
     });
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-static void soft_max_f32_sycl(const float * x, const T * mask,
-                              float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
-                              const int nrows_y, const float scale, const float max_bias,
-                              queue_ptr stream, int device) {
+template <typename T>
+static void soft_max_f32_sycl(const float *x, const T *mask,
+                              const float *sinks, float *dst,
+                              const soft_max_params &params,
+                              dpct::queue_ptr stream, int device) {
     int nth = WARP_SIZE;
     int max_block_size = ggml_sycl_info().max_work_group_sizes[device];
+    const int64_t ncols_x = params.ncols;
+
     while (nth < ncols_x && nth < max_block_size) nth *= 2;
     if (nth>max_block_size) nth = max_block_size;
 
-    const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, nth);
-    const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, 1, nrows_x);
-    const size_t n_val_tmp = nth / WARP_SIZE;
-    const size_t n_local_scratch = (GGML_PAD(ncols_x, WARP_SIZE) + n_val_tmp);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims(nth, 1, 1);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_nums(params.ne01, params.ne02, params.ne03);
+    const size_t nbytes_shared =
+        (GGML_PAD(ncols_x, WARP_SIZE) + WARP_SIZE) * sizeof(float);
 
-    const uint32_t n_head_kv   = nrows_x/nrows_y;
-    const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head_kv));
+    const int id       = get_current_device_id();
+    const size_t smpbo = ggml_sycl_info().devices[id].smpbo;
 
-    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
-    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
-
-    const size_t local_mem_size = stream->get_device().get_info<sycl::info::device::local_mem_size>();
-    if (n_local_scratch*sizeof(float) < local_mem_size) {
-        if (ncols_x > max_block_size) {
-            soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 0, 0>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                               max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                               block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-            return;
-        }
-        switch (ncols_x) {
-            case 32:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 32, 32>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                     max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                     block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            case 64:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 64, 64>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                     max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                     block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            case 128:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 128, 128>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                       max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                       block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            case 256:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 256, 256>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                       max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                       block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            case 512:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 512, 512>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                       max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                       block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            case 1024:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 1024, 1024>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                         max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                         block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            case 2048:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 2048, 1024>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                         max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                         block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            case 4096:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 4096, 1024>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                         max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                         block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-            default:
-                soft_max_f32_submitter<true, 0, 0>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                                   max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                                   block_dims, n_local_scratch, stream);
-                break;
-        }
+    if (nbytes_shared <= smpbo && ncols_x <= max_block_size) {
+        launch_soft_max_kernels<32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096>(
+            x, mask, sinks, dst, params, stream, block_dims, block_nums,
+            nbytes_shared);
     } else {
-        soft_max_f32_submitter<false, 0, 0>(x, mask, dst, ncols_x, nrows_y, scale,
-                                            max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, block_nums,
-                                            block_dims, WARP_SIZE, stream);
+        const size_t nbytes_shared_low = WARP_SIZE * sizeof(float);
+
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh) {
+            sycl::local_accessor<uint8_t, 1> dpct_local_acc_ct1(
+                sycl::range<1>(nbytes_shared_low), cgh);
+
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                    soft_max_f32<false, 0, 0>(
+                        x, mask, sinks, dst, params,
+                        dpct_local_acc_ct1
+                            .get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>()
+                            .get());
+                    GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                });
+        });
     }
 }
 
+static void soft_max_back_f32_sycl(const float *   grad,
+                                   const float *   dstf,
+                                   float *         dst,
+                                   const int       ncols,
+                                   const int       nrows,
+                                   const float     scale,
+                                   dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    const dpct::dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    const dpct::dim3 block_nums(nrows, 1, 1);
+
+    stream->parallel_for(sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+                         [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+                             soft_max_back_f32(grad, dstf, dst, ncols, scale);
+                             GGML_UNUSED(item_ct1);
+                         });
+}
+
 void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+    const void  * src1_d = src1 ? (const void *) src1->data : nullptr;
+    const void  * src2_d = src2 ? (const void *) src2->data : nullptr;
+    float       *  dst_d = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(!dst->src[1] || dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32); // src1 contains mask and it is optional
+    // src1 contains mask and it is optional
+    GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-    const int64_t ne00 = dst->src[0]->ne[0];
-    const int64_t nrows_x = ggml_nrows(dst->src[0]);
-    const int64_t nrows_y = dst->src[0]->ne[1];
+    const int64_t nrows_x = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    const int64_t nrows_y = src0->ne[1];
 
-    float scale = 1.0f;
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+
+    float scale    = 1.0f;
     float max_bias = 0.0f;
 
-    memcpy(&scale, dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&max_bias, dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&scale,    (const float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    const bool use_f16 = (src1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
-    const float * src0_dd = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[0]->data);
-    float * dst_dd = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+    const int64_t nb11 = src1 ? src1->nb[1] : 1;
+    const int64_t nb12 = src1 ? src1->nb[2] : 1;
+    const int64_t nb13 = src1 ? src1->nb[3] : 1;
 
-    ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device);
-    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
+    const int64_t ne12 = src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 1;
+    const int64_t ne13 = src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 1;
 
-    if (dst->src[1] && dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        const sycl::half * src1_dd = static_cast<sycl::half *>(dst->src[1]->data);
-        soft_max_f32_sycl<sycl::half>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias,
-                          main_stream, ctx.device);
-    } else if (dst->src[1] && dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        const float * src1_dd = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[1]->data);
-        soft_max_f32_sycl<float>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, main_stream, ctx.device);
+    const uint32_t n_head      = src0->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head));
+
+    const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
+    const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+
+    soft_max_params params = {};
+    params.nheads = src0->ne[2];
+    params.n_head_log2 = n_head_log2;
+    params.ncols = ne00;
+    params.nrows_x = nrows_x;
+    params.nrows_y = nrows_y;
+    params.ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    params.ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    params.ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    params.ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    params.nb11 = nb11;
+    params.nb12 = nb12;
+    params.nb13 = nb13;
+    params.ne12 = ne12;
+    params.ne13 = ne13;
+    params.scale = scale;
+    params.max_bias = max_bias;
+    params.m0 = m0;
+    params.m1 = m1;
+
+    if (use_f16) {
+        soft_max_f32_sycl(src0_d, (const sycl::half *)src1_d,
+                          (const float *)src2_d, dst_d, params, stream,
+                          ctx.device);
     } else {
-        /* mask unavailable */
-        soft_max_f32_sycl<float>(src0_dd, nullptr, dst_dd, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, main_stream, ctx.device);
+        soft_max_f32_sycl(src0_d, (const float *)src1_d, (const float *)src2_d,
+                          dst_d, params, stream, ctx.device);
     }
 }
+
+void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0]; // grad
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1]; // forward pass output
+
+    const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
+    const float * src1_d = (const float *) src1->data;
+    float       * dst_d  = (float       *) dst->data;
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int64_t ncols = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    float scale    = 1.0f;
+    float max_bias = 0.0f;
+
+    memcpy(&scale,    (const float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (const float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(max_bias == 0.0f);
+
+    soft_max_back_f32_sycl(src0_d, src1_d, dst_d, ncols, nrows, scale, stream);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp
index 2cf8582ec92..23f1e5a9d65 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 
 #include "common.hpp"
 
+#define SYCL_SOFT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE 1024
+
 void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, ggml_tensor *dst);
 
+void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max_back(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_SOFTMAX_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eea9a73d67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include "ssm_conv.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+using namespace sycl;
+
+static void kernel_ssm_conv(
+    queue &q,
+    const float *src_data,
+    const float *weights,
+    float *dst_data,
+    int d_conv,
+    int d_inner,
+    int n_t,
+    int n_s,
+    int ncs __attribute__((unused)),
+    int src_stride_inner,
+    int src_stride_seq,
+    int dst_stride_token,
+    int dst_stride_seq
+) {
+    const size_t total_work = static_cast<size_t>(d_inner) * static_cast<size_t>(n_t) * static_cast<size_t>(n_s);
+    const size_t work_group_size = 256;
+    const size_t num_work_groups = (total_work + work_group_size - 1) / work_group_size;
+
+    const range<1> global_range(num_work_groups * work_group_size);
+    const range<1> local_range(work_group_size);
+
+    q.submit([&](handler &h) {
+        h.parallel_for(
+            nd_range<1>(global_range, local_range),
+            [=](nd_item<1> item) {
+                const size_t idx = item.get_global_id(0);
+                if (idx >= total_work) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                const int channel = static_cast<int>(idx % d_inner);
+                const int token   = static_cast<int>((idx / d_inner) % n_t);
+                const int seq     = static_cast<int>(idx / (static_cast<size_t>(d_inner) * static_cast<size_t>(n_t)));
+
+                const float *s = src_data
+                    + static_cast<size_t>(seq) * static_cast<size_t>(src_stride_seq)
+                    + static_cast<size_t>(channel) * static_cast<size_t>(src_stride_inner)
+                    + static_cast<size_t>(token);
+
+                const float *c = weights + static_cast<size_t>(channel) * static_cast<size_t>(d_conv);
+
+                float sumf = 0.0f;
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < d_conv; ++i0) {
+                    sumf += s[i0] * c[i0];
+                }
+
+                const size_t dst_idx =
+                    static_cast<size_t>(seq) * static_cast<size_t>(dst_stride_seq) +
+                    static_cast<size_t>(token) * static_cast<size_t>(dst_stride_token) +
+                    static_cast<size_t>(channel);
+
+                dst_data[dst_idx] = sumf;
+            }
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int d_conv   = src1->ne[0];
+    const int ncs      = src0->ne[0];
+    const int d_inner  = src0->ne[1];
+    const int n_t      = dst->ne[1];
+    const int n_s      = dst->ne[2];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[0] == d_conv - 1 + n_t);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[1] == d_inner);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[1] == d_inner);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[0] == d_inner);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[1] == n_t);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[2] == n_s);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[1] == src0->ne[0] * sizeof(float));
+
+    const int src_stride_inner = ncs;
+    const int src_stride_seq   = ncs * d_inner;
+    const int dst_stride_token = d_inner;
+    const int dst_stride_seq   = d_inner * n_t;
+
+    try {
+        queue *q = ctx.stream();
+
+        const float *src_data = static_cast<const float *>(src0->data);
+        const float *weights  = static_cast<const float *>(src1->data);
+        float *dst_data       = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(src_data && weights && dst_data);
+
+        kernel_ssm_conv(
+            *q,
+            src_data,
+            weights,
+            dst_data,
+            d_conv,
+            d_inner,
+            n_t,
+            n_s,
+            ncs,
+            src_stride_inner,
+            src_stride_seq,
+            dst_stride_token,
+            dst_stride_seq
+        );
+
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        std::fprintf(stderr, "[SYCL-SSM_CONV] ERROR: %s\n", e.what());
+        throw;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a8ad05f0c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.cpp
index da121ffc261..7041140034b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "sycl_hw.hpp"
 
-
+// TODO: currently not used
+/*
 sycl_hw_info get_device_hw_info(sycl::device *device_ptr) {
   sycl_hw_info res;
   int32_t id = device_ptr->get_info<sycl::ext::intel::info::device::device_id>();
@@ -11,3 +12,4 @@ sycl_hw_info get_device_hw_info(sycl::device *device_ptr) {
 
   return res;
 }
+*/
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp
index bf689450ce6..36b140bf037 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 namespace syclex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
 
+// TODO: currently not used
+/*
 struct sycl_hw_info {
   syclex::architecture arch;
   int32_t device_id;
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ struct sycl_hw_info {
 bool is_in_vector(std::vector<int> &vec, int item);
 
 sycl_hw_info get_device_hw_info(sycl::device *device_ptr);
+*/
 
 
 #endif // SYCL_HW_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq112-dv112.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq112-dv112.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c06d42fdbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq112-dv112.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(112, 112);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq128-dv128.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq128-dv128.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f74e1202b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq128-dv128.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(128, 128);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq256-dv256.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq256-dv256.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b574fe9308d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq256-dv256.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(256, 256);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq40-dv40.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq40-dv40.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c8fb692c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq40-dv40.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(40, 40);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq576-dv512.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq576-dv512.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f218552e85f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq576-dv512.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(576, 512);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq64-dv64.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq64-dv64.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99303a53a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq64-dv64.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(64, 64);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq72-dv72.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq72-dv72.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50592768afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq72-dv72.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(72, 72);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq80-dv80.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq80-dv80.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..74f1ea5e90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq80-dv80.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(80, 80);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq96-dv96.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq96-dv96.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cefb46dddc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-tile-instance-dkq96-dv96.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-tile.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(96, 96);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-f16.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-f16.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32cf4f2859b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-f16.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a61a19021bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63b74fb347a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q4_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..46e2d9853c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7aabb6ff6e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q5_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q8_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..148ea217f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-f16-q8_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-f16.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-f16.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b169dbcdbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-f16.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..79f530b1815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f7db51ce82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q4_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e3bf0b14a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..18081879cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q5_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q8_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c387b0d87c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_0-q8_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-f16.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-f16.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f005b3762cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-f16.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3553b1cdd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..687ec567115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q4_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2663bfe7466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..641b7c7ae2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q5_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q8_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d3181d4719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q4_1-q8_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-f16.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-f16.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85d5026ad4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-f16.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e81401a2c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54251473f97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q4_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d418c1fb21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0f26cfabd09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q5_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q8_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4fb98723519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_0-q8_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-f16.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-f16.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85b79cd1976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-f16.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7348323b28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f19af2aa0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q4_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d7075bac600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..627f9a57755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q5_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q8_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23304eecd35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q5_1-q8_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-f16.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-f16.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95acb5d4fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-f16.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_F16);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e88f4bab8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69f297feb0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q4_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..455842a9421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_1.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7ef7391571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q5_1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q8_0.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q8_0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c633bdf2fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/template-instances/fattn-vec-instance-q8_0-q8_0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// This file has been autogenerated by generate_cu_files.py, do not edit manually.
+
+#include "../fattn-vec.hpp"
+
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE( 64, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(128, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
+DECL_FATTN_VEC_CASE(256, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/tsembd.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/tsembd.cpp
index 721c8fa6fa2..f2003794d3f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/tsembd.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/tsembd.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@ static void timestep_embedding_f32(
     int j = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) + item_ct1.get_group(2) * item_ct1.get_local_range(2);
     float * embed_data = (float *)((char *)dst +  i*nb1);
 
-    if (dim % 2 != 0 && j == ((dim + 1) / 2)) {
-        embed_data[dim] = 0.f;
+    int half = dim / 2;
+
+    if (dim % 2 != 0 && j == half) {
+        embed_data[2 * half] = 0.f;
     }
 
-    int half = dim / 2;
     if (j >= half) {
         return;
     }
@@ -45,9 +46,14 @@ static void timestep_embedding_f32_sycl(
     int num_blocks = (half_ceil + SYCL_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING_BLOCK_SIZE;
     sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, SYCL_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING_BLOCK_SIZE);
     sycl::range<3> gridDim(1, ne00, num_blocks);
-    sycl_parallel_for(stream, sycl::nd_range<3>(gridDim * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
-        timestep_embedding_f32(x, dst, nb1, dim, max_period, item_ct1);
-    });
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<3>(
+            gridDim * block_dims, block_dims),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            timestep_embedding_f32(
+                x, dst, nb1, dim, max_period, item_ct1
+            );
+        });
 }
 
 void ggml_sycl_op_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/vecdotq.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/vecdotq.hpp
index 0a5d4999419..9a267d85a0c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/vecdotq.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/vecdotq.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,18 @@
 typedef float (*vec_dot_q_sycl_t)(const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1,
                                   const int & iqs);
 
+static __dpct_inline__ int get_int_b1(const void * x, const int & i32) {
+    const uint8_t * x8 = (const uint8_t *) x;
+
+    int x32  = x8[4*i32 + 0] <<  0;
+    x32     |= x8[4*i32 + 1] <<  8;
+    x32     |= x8[4*i32 + 2] << 16;
+    x32     |= x8[4*i32 + 3] << 24;
+
+    return x32;
+}
+
+
 static __dpct_inline__ int get_int_from_int8(const int8_t* x8, const int& i32) {
   const uint16_t* x16 =
       (const uint16_t*)(x8 + sizeof(int) * i32); // assume at least 2 byte
@@ -75,6 +87,28 @@ static __dpct_inline__ void get_int_from_table_16(const uint32_t &q4,
     val2 = v1 | (v2 << 16);
 }
 
+static __dpct_inline__ sycl::int2 get_int_from_table_16(
+    const int& q4, const int8_t* table) {
+  const uint32_t* table32 = (const uint32_t*)table;
+  uint32_t tmp[2];
+  const uint32_t low_high_selection_indices =
+      (0x32103210 | ((q4 & 0x88888888) >> 1));
+#pragma unroll
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    const uint32_t shift = 16 * i;
+
+    const uint32_t low =
+        dpct::byte_level_permute(table32[0], table32[1], q4 >> shift);
+    const uint32_t high =
+        dpct::byte_level_permute(table32[2], table32[3], q4 >> shift);
+    tmp[i] = dpct::byte_level_permute(
+        low, high, low_high_selection_indices >> shift);
+  }
+  return sycl::int2(
+      dpct::byte_level_permute(tmp[0], tmp[1], 0x6420),
+      dpct::byte_level_permute(tmp[0], tmp[1], 0x7531));
+}
+
 #define VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMVQ 1
 
 // contiguous v/x values
@@ -350,11 +384,9 @@ template <> struct reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q4_K> {
     __dpct_inline__ float operator()(const void * __restrict__ vbq, const std::pair<int, int> ibx_offset,
                                      const std::pair<int, int> d_offset, const int8_t * q8_1_quant_ptr,
                                      const sycl::half2 * q8_1_ds, const int & iqs) {
-        const int ib = ibx_offset.first / (QK_K / 2);
-
         const uint8_t *    base           = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(vbq);
         const uint8_t *    qs             = base + ibx_offset.first;
-        const uint8_t *    scs            = base + d_offset.first + ib * K_SCALE_SIZE;
+        const uint8_t *    scs            = base + d_offset.first;
         const ggml_half2 * dms            = reinterpret_cast<const ggml_half2 *>(base + d_offset.second);
 
         const int        bq8_offset = QR4_K * ((iqs / 2) / (QI8_1 / 2));
@@ -427,13 +459,11 @@ template <> struct reorder_vec_dot_q_sycl<GGML_TYPE_Q6_K> {
     __dpct_inline__ float operator()(const void * __restrict__ vbq, const std::pair<int, int> ibx_offset,
                      const std::pair<int, int> d_offset, const int8_t * q8_1_quant_ptr, const sycl::half2 * q8_1_ds,
                      const int iqs) {
-        const int ib = ibx_offset.first / (QK_K / 2);
-
         const uint8_t *   base   = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(vbq);
         const uint8_t *   ql     = base + ibx_offset.first;
         const uint8_t *   qh     = base + ibx_offset.second;
         const int8_t *    scales = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(base + d_offset.first);
-        const ggml_half * d      = (const ggml_half *) (base + d_offset.second) + ib;
+        const ggml_half * d      = (const ggml_half *) (base + d_offset.second);
 
         const int bq8_offset   = 2 * QR6_K * (iqs / (QI6_K / 2)) + (iqs % (QI6_K / 2)) / (QI6_K / 4);
         const int scale_offset = (QI6_K / 4) * (iqs / (QI6_K / 2)) + (iqs % (QI6_K / 2)) / (QI6_K / 8);
@@ -620,6 +650,19 @@ static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl(const int *v, const int *u,
     return d8_0*d8_1 * sumi;
 }
 
+template <typename T, int vdr>
+static __dpct_inline__ T vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl(const int * v, const int * u, const T & d8_0, const T & d8_1) {
+    int sumi = 0;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < vdr; ++i) {
+        // SIMD dot product of quantized values
+        sumi = ggml_sycl_dp4a(v[i], u[i], sumi);
+    }
+
+    return d8_0*d8_1 * ((T) sumi);
+}
+
 template <int vdr>
 static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_q8_1_q8_1_impl(const int *v, const int *u,
                                                     const sycl::half2 &dm8,
@@ -689,6 +732,30 @@ vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(const void *__restrict__ vbq,
     return vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_impl<VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMVQ>(v, u, bq4_1->dm, bq8_1->ds);
 }
 
+#define VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ 2
+#define VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMQ  4
+
+static __dpct_inline__ float vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_1(const void * __restrict__ vbq,
+                                                const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1,
+                                                const int & iqs) {
+    const block_mxfp4 * bq4 = (const block_mxfp4 *) vbq;
+
+    const int * q8 = (const int *) bq8_1->qs + iqs;
+
+    int sumi = 0;
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int l = 0; l < VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ; ++l) {
+        const int aux_q4 = get_int_b1(bq4->qs, iqs + l);
+        const sycl::int2 v      = get_int_from_table_16(aux_q4, kvalues_mxfp4);
+        sumi = ggml_sycl_dp4a(v.x(), q8[l + 0], sumi);
+        sumi = ggml_sycl_dp4a(v.y(), q8[l + 4], sumi);
+    }
+
+    const float d = ggml_sycl_e8m0_to_fp32(bq4->e) * 0.5f * (bq8_1->ds)[0];
+    return d * sumi;
+}
+
+
 static __dpct_inline__ float
 vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1(const void *__restrict__ vbq,
                   const block_q8_1 *__restrict__ bq8_1, const int &iqs) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/wkv.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/wkv.cpp
index 3ed5bbf355a..b56e0c2400f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/wkv.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/wkv.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
 #include "wkv.hpp"
 
-constexpr int WKV_BLOCK_SIZE = 64;  // Matching CUDA_WKV_BLOCK_SIZE
+constexpr int WKV_BLOCK_SIZE = 64;
 
 // Helper function for the main kernel
 template <int block_size>
@@ -207,11 +207,12 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
 
     // Submit kernel
     if (C / H == WKV_BLOCK_SIZE) {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> shared_mem_acc(shared_mem_size, cgh);
 
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                     rwkv_wkv6_f32_kernel<WKV_BLOCK_SIZE>(
                         B, T, C, H, k_d, v_d, r_d, tf_d, td_d, s_d, dst_d,
                         item_ct1, (float*)shared_mem_acc.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get()
@@ -219,11 +220,12 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
                 });
         });
     } else {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> shared_mem_acc(shared_mem_size, cgh);
 
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                     rwkv_wkv6_f32_kernel<WKV_BLOCK_SIZE * 2>(
                         B, T, C, H, k_d, v_d, r_d, tf_d, td_d, s_d, dst_d,
                         item_ct1, (float*)shared_mem_acc.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get()
@@ -262,11 +264,12 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
 
     // Submit kernel
     if (C / H == WKV_BLOCK_SIZE) {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> shared_mem_acc(shared_mem_size, cgh);
 
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                     rwkv_wkv7_f32_kernel<WKV_BLOCK_SIZE>(
                         B, T, C, H, r_d, w_d, k_d, v_d, a_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
                         item_ct1, (float*)shared_mem_acc.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get()
@@ -274,11 +277,12 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_backend_sycl_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
                 });
         });
     } else {
-        sycl_launch(stream, [&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler& cgh) {
             sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> shared_mem_acc(shared_mem_size, cgh);
 
-            sycl_parallel_for(
-                cgh, sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims), [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<3>(grid_dims * block_dims, block_dims),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                     rwkv_wkv7_f32_kernel<WKV_BLOCK_SIZE * 2>(
                         B, T, C, H, r_d, w_d, k_d, v_d, a_d, b_d, s_d, dst_d,
                         item_ct1, (float*)shared_mem_acc.get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6b020beb5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.19)
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0114 NEW)
+
+include(ExternalProject)
+
+message(STATUS "Including the VirtGPU/Virglrenderer API Remoting")
+
+# Download venus_hw.h from virglrenderer repository
+ExternalProject_Add(
+    venus_hw_header
+    URL https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/virgl/virglrenderer/-/raw/virglrenderer-1.2.0/src/venus_hw.h
+    DOWNLOAD_NO_EXTRACT YES
+    DOWNLOAD_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    DOWNLOAD_NAME venus_hw.h
+    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+    BUILD_COMMAND ""
+    INSTALL_COMMAND ""
+    LOG_DOWNLOAD ON
+)
+
+if (NOT GGML_VIRTGPU_BACKEND STREQUAL "ONLY")
+    message(STATUS "Enable the VirtGPU/Virglrenderer API Remoting frontend library")
+
+    find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
+    pkg_check_modules(DRM REQUIRED libdrm)
+    if (NOT GGML_BACKEND_DL)
+      # cannot simply use USE_VIRTGPU, as in the 'else()' case the
+      # frontend isn't compiled
+      target_compile_definitions(ggml PUBLIC "GGML_USE_VIRTGPU_FRONTEND")
+    endif()
+
+    ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-virtgpu
+                             ggml-backend-buffer.cpp
+                             ggml-backend.cpp
+                             ggml-backend-device.cpp
+                             ggml-backend-reg.cpp
+                             ggml-backend-buffer-type.cpp
+                             virtgpu-apir.h
+                             virtgpu-forward.gen.h
+                             virtgpu.cpp
+                             virtgpu-shm.cpp
+                             virtgpu-utils.cpp
+                             virtgpu-forward-device.cpp
+                             virtgpu-forward-buffer-type.cpp
+                             virtgpu-forward-buffer.cpp
+                             virtgpu-forward-backend.cpp
+                             virtgpu-forward-impl.h
+                             apir_cs_ggml-rpc-front.cpp
+                             ../../include/ggml-virtgpu.h)
+
+    target_include_directories(ggml-virtgpu PUBLIC /usr/include/libdrm/)
+
+    target_link_libraries(ggml-virtgpu PUBLIC ${DRM_LIBRARIES})
+    target_include_directories(ggml-virtgpu PUBLIC ${DRM_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    target_compile_options(ggml-virtgpu PUBLIC ${DRM_CFLAGS_OTHER})
+
+    target_include_directories(ggml-virtgpu PUBLIC ./include)
+    target_include_directories(ggml-virtgpu PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+    # Ensure venus_hw.h is downloaded before building ggml-virtgpu
+    add_dependencies(ggml-virtgpu venus_hw_header)
+
+    target_compile_options(ggml-virtgpu PRIVATE -std=c++20)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "Not building the VirtGPU/Virglrenderer API Remoting frontend library")
+endif()
+
+if (NOT GGML_VIRTGPU_BACKEND STREQUAL "OFF")
+    add_subdirectory("backend")
+endif()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/apir_cs_ggml-rpc-front.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/apir_cs_ggml-rpc-front.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d2e87330a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/apir_cs_ggml-rpc-front.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include "backend/shared/apir_cs_rpc.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+apir_rpc_tensor apir_serialize_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    apir_rpc_tensor result;
+    result.id   = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(tensor);
+    result.type = tensor->type;
+    if (tensor->buffer) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = tensor->buffer;
+
+        result.buffer = BUFFER_TO_HOST_HANDLE(buffer);
+    } else {
+        result.buffer = 0;
+    }
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        result.ne[i] = tensor->ne[i];
+        result.nb[i] = tensor->nb[i];
+    }
+    result.op = tensor->op;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t); i++) {
+        result.op_params[i] = tensor->op_params[i];
+    }
+    result.flags = tensor->flags;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        result.src[i] = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(tensor->src[i]);
+    }
+    result.view_src  = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(tensor->view_src);
+    result.view_offs = tensor->view_offs;
+    result.data      = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(tensor->data);
+    if (tensor->data) {
+        if (!tensor->buffer) {
+            GGML_ABORT("%s: tensor has data but not buffer", __func__);
+        }
+        // tensor->data is serialized as an offset to the buffer base address
+        result.data -= reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(BUFFER_TO_GGML_CONTEXT(tensor->buffer)->base);
+    }
+    snprintf(result.name, GGML_MAX_NAME, "%s", tensor->name);
+    return result;
+}
+
+void apir_add_tensor(ggml_tensor *                       tensor,
+                     std::vector<apir_rpc_tensor> &      tensors,
+                     std::unordered_set<ggml_tensor *> & visited) {
+    if (tensor == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (visited.find(tensor) != visited.end()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    visited.insert(tensor);
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        apir_add_tensor(tensor->src[i], tensors, visited);
+    }
+    apir_add_tensor(tensor->view_src, tensors, visited);
+    tensors.push_back(apir_serialize_tensor(tensor));
+}
+
+void apir_serialize_graph(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::vector<uint8_t> & output) {
+    uint32_t                          n_nodes = cgraph->n_nodes;
+    std::vector<apir_rpc_tensor>      tensors;
+    std::unordered_set<ggml_tensor *> visited;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_nodes; i++) {
+        apir_add_tensor(cgraph->nodes[i], tensors, visited);
+    }
+    // serialization format:
+    // | n_nodes (4 bytes) | nodes (n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) | n_tensors (4 bytes) | tensors (n_tensors * sizeof(apir_rpc_tensor)) |
+    uint32_t n_tensors = tensors.size();
+    int      output_size =
+        sizeof(uint32_t) + n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + n_tensors * sizeof(apir_rpc_tensor);
+    output.resize(output_size, 0);
+    memcpy(output.data(), &n_nodes, sizeof(n_nodes));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_nodes; i++) {
+        memcpy(output.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + i * sizeof(uint64_t), &cgraph->nodes[i], sizeof(uint64_t));
+    }
+    uint32_t * out_ntensors = (uint32_t *) (output.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t));
+    *out_ntensors           = n_tensors;
+    apir_rpc_tensor * out_tensors =
+        (apir_rpc_tensor *) (output.data() + sizeof(n_nodes) + n_nodes * sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint32_t));
+    memcpy(out_tensors, tensors.data(), n_tensors * sizeof(apir_rpc_tensor));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b49c403b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.19)
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0114 NEW)
+
+message(STATUS "Enable the VirtGPU/Virglrenderer backend library")
+
+ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-virtgpu-backend
+                         backend.cpp
+                         backend-dispatched.cpp
+                         backend-dispatched-backend.cpp
+                         backend-dispatched-device.cpp
+                         backend-dispatched-buffer.cpp
+                         backend-dispatched-buffer-type.cpp
+                         shared/api_remoting.h
+                         shared/apir_backend.h
+                         shared/apir_cs.h
+                         apir_cs_ggml-rpc-back.cpp)
+
+target_compile_options(ggml-virtgpu-backend PRIVATE -std=c++20)
+
+# Add include directory for ggml-backend-impl.h and other core headers
+target_include_directories(ggml-virtgpu-backend PRIVATE ../..)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/apir_cs_ggml-rpc-back.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/apir_cs_ggml-rpc-back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..60a8a93bfb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/apir_cs_ggml-rpc-back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "shared/apir_cs_rpc.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+std::unordered_set<ggml_backend_buffer_t> backend_buffers;
+
+void apir_track_backend_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    backend_buffers.insert(buffer);
+}
+
+bool apir_untrack_backend_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    auto it = backend_buffers.find(buffer);
+    if (it == backend_buffers.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    backend_buffers.erase(it);
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::unordered_set<ggml_backend_buffer_t> apir_get_track_backend_buffers() {
+    return backend_buffers;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * apir_deserialize_tensor(ggml_context * ctx, const apir_rpc_tensor * tensor) {
+    ggml_tensor * result =
+        ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, (ggml_type) tensor->type, tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3]);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        result->nb[i] = tensor->nb[i];
+    }
+    result->buffer = reinterpret_cast<ggml_backend_buffer_t>(tensor->buffer);
+    if (result->buffer && backend_buffers.find(result->buffer) == backend_buffers.end()) {
+        printf("WARNING: HOST BUFFER NOT FOUND | %p\n", (void *) result->buffer);
+        result->buffer = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t tensor_data = tensor->data;
+    if (result->buffer) {
+        // require that the tensor data does not go beyond the buffer end
+        uint64_t tensor_size  = (uint64_t) ggml_nbytes(result);
+        uint64_t buffer_start = (uint64_t) ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(result->buffer);
+        uint64_t buffer_size  = (uint64_t) ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(result->buffer);
+
+        // tensor->data is serialized as an offset to the buffer base address
+        tensor_data += buffer_start;
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(tensor_data + tensor_size >= tensor_data);  // check for overflow
+        GGML_ASSERT(tensor_data >= buffer_start && tensor_data + tensor_size <= buffer_start + buffer_size);
+    }
+
+    result->op = (ggml_op) tensor->op;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t); i++) {
+        result->op_params[i] = tensor->op_params[i];
+    }
+    result->flags = tensor->flags;
+    result->data  = reinterpret_cast<void *>(tensor_data);
+    ggml_set_name(result, tensor->name);
+    return result;
+}
+
+ggml_tensor * apir_create_node(uint64_t                                                      id,
+                               ggml_context *                                                ctx,
+                               const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, const apir_rpc_tensor *> & tensor_ptrs,
+                               std::unordered_map<uint64_t, ggml_tensor *> &                 tensor_map) {
+    if (id == 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (tensor_map.find(id) != tensor_map.end()) {
+        return tensor_map[id];
+    }
+    const apir_rpc_tensor * tensor = tensor_ptrs.at(id);
+    ggml_tensor *           result = apir_deserialize_tensor(ctx, tensor);
+    if (result == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    tensor_map[id] = result;
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        result->src[i] = apir_create_node(tensor->src[i], ctx, tensor_ptrs, tensor_map);
+    }
+    result->view_src  = apir_create_node(tensor->view_src, ctx, tensor_ptrs, tensor_map);
+    result->view_offs = tensor->view_offs;
+    return result;
+}
+
+ggml_cgraph * apir_deserialize_graph(uint32_t                n_nodes,
+                                     uint32_t                n_tensors,
+                                     const apir_rpc_tensor * tensors,
+                                     const uint64_t *        nodes) {
+    size_t buf_size = ggml_tensor_overhead() * (n_nodes + n_tensors) + ggml_graph_overhead_custom(n_nodes, false);
+    ggml_init_params params = {
+        /*.mem_size   =*/buf_size,
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/NULL,
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/true,
+    };
+    ggml_context * ctx   = ggml_init(params);
+    ggml_cgraph *  graph = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx, n_nodes, false);
+    graph->n_nodes       = n_nodes;
+    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, const apir_rpc_tensor *> tensor_ptrs;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tensors; i++) {
+        tensor_ptrs[tensors[i].id] = &tensors[i];
+    }
+    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, ggml_tensor *> tensor_map;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_nodes; i++) {
+        int64_t id;
+        memcpy(&id, &nodes[i], sizeof(id));
+        graph->nodes[i] = apir_create_node(id, ctx, tensor_ptrs, tensor_map);
+    }
+
+    return graph;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-convert.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-convert.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1978d21f7ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-convert.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "shared/apir_backend.h"
+
+#define BUFFER_TO_HOST_HANDLE(name) ggml_buffer_to_apir_handle(name)
+
+static inline apir_buffer_host_handle_t ggml_buffer_to_apir_handle(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    // in the backend, the buffer handle is the buffer pointer
+    return (apir_buffer_host_handle_t) buffer;
+}
+
+static inline apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t ggml_buffer_type_to_apir_handle(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    // in the backend, the buffer handle is the buffer pointer
+    return (apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t) buft;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-backend.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-backend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03a037f1cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-backend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include "backend-dispatched.h"
+#include "backend-virgl-apir.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "shared/apir_backend.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+static uint32_t validate_graph_operation(size_t cgraph_size, uint32_t shmem_res_id, const char * operation) {
+    if (cgraph_size == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Zero-size computation graph\n", operation);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // place-holder: validate that the size of shmem_res_id is <= cgraph_size
+    // need to add another method in the Virgl->APIR callback interface
+    GGML_UNUSED(shmem_res_id);
+
+    return 0;  // Valid
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_backend_graph_compute(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+
+    static bool async_backend_initialized = false;
+    static bool async_backend;
+
+    if (!async_backend_initialized) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_props props;
+
+        dev->iface.get_props(dev, &props);
+        async_backend             = props.caps.async;
+        async_backend_initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t shmem_res_id;
+    apir_decode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(dec, &shmem_res_id);
+
+    const void * shmem_data = ctx->iface->get_shmem_ptr(ctx->ctx_id, shmem_res_id);
+    if (!shmem_data) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Couldn't get the shmem addr from virgl\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    size_t cgraph_size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &cgraph_size);
+
+    if (validate_graph_operation(cgraph_size, shmem_res_id, __func__) != 0) {
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    apir_decoder secondary_dec = apir_new_decoder((const char *) shmem_data, cgraph_size);
+
+    ggml_cgraph * cgraph = apir_decode_ggml_cgraph(&secondary_dec, cgraph_size);
+
+    if (!cgraph || apir_decoder_get_fatal(&secondary_dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Failed to deserialize computation graph\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (cgraph->n_nodes < 0 || cgraph->n_leafs < 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Invalid negative node/leaf count: nodes=%d leafs=%d\n", __func__,
+                       cgraph->n_nodes, cgraph->n_leafs);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    ggml_status status;
+#if APIR_BACKEND_CHECK_SUPPORTS_OP == 1
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < cgraph->n_nodes; idx++) {
+        ggml_tensor * op = ggml_graph_node(cgraph, idx);
+        if (dev->iface.supports_op(dev, op)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Graph node %d (%s) not supported by the backend\n", __func__, idx,
+                       ggml_op_desc(op));
+
+        status = GGML_STATUS_ABORTED;
+        apir_encode_ggml_status(enc, &status);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Check if backend is properly initialized
+    if (!bck) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Backend not initialized (bck is null)\n", __func__);
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    status = bck->iface.graph_compute(bck, cgraph);
+
+    if (async_backend && bck->iface.synchronize) {
+        bck->iface.synchronize(bck);
+    }
+
+    apir_encode_ggml_status(enc, &status);
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-buffer-type.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-buffer-type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c66dbaa9e8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-buffer-type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "backend-dispatched.h"
+#include "backend-virgl-apir.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_name(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft;
+    buft = apir_decode_ggml_buffer_type(dec);
+
+    const char * string = buft->iface.get_name(buft);
+
+    const size_t string_size = strlen(string) + 1;
+    apir_encode_array_size(enc, string_size);
+    apir_encode_char_array(enc, string, string_size);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_alignment(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft;
+    buft = apir_decode_ggml_buffer_type(dec);
+
+    size_t value = buft->iface.get_alignment(buft);
+    apir_encode_size_t(enc, &value);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_max_size(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft;
+    buft = apir_decode_ggml_buffer_type(dec);
+
+    size_t value = SIZE_MAX;
+    if (buft->iface.get_max_size) {
+        value = buft->iface.get_max_size(buft);
+    }
+
+    apir_encode_size_t(enc, &value);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_IS_HOST is deprecated. Keeping the handler for backward compatibility. */
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_is_host(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+    const bool is_host = false;
+
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &is_host);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft;
+    buft = apir_decode_ggml_buffer_type(dec);
+
+    size_t size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &size);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+
+    buffer = buft->iface.alloc_buffer(buft, size);
+
+    apir_encode_ggml_buffer(enc, buffer);
+
+    if (buffer) {
+        apir_track_backend_buffer(buffer);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft;
+    buft = apir_decode_ggml_buffer_type(dec);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * op = apir_decode_ggml_tensor_inplace(dec);
+
+    // Check for decode error
+    if (op == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Failed to decode tensor\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    size_t value;
+    if (buft->iface.get_alloc_size) {
+        value = buft->iface.get_alloc_size(buft, op);
+    } else {
+        value = ggml_nbytes(op);  // Default fallback
+    }
+
+    apir_encode_size_t(enc, &value);
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-buffer.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-buffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ade8d99b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-buffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include "backend-dispatched.h"
+#include "backend-virgl-apir.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+static uint32_t validate_buffer_operation(size_t offset, size_t size, const char * operation) {
+    // Only check for critical integer overflow - no arbitrary size limits
+    if (offset > SIZE_MAX - size) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Integer overflow in offset+size: %zu + %zu\n", operation, offset, size);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;  // Valid
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_get_base(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    buffer = apir_decode_ggml_buffer(dec);
+
+    if (!buffer || apir_decoder_get_fatal(dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Invalid buffer handle from guest\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    uintptr_t base = (uintptr_t) buffer->iface.get_base(buffer);
+    apir_encode_uintptr_t(enc, &base);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_set_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(enc);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    buffer = apir_decode_ggml_buffer(dec);
+
+    if (!buffer || apir_decoder_get_fatal(dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Invalid buffer handle from guest\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * tensor;
+    // safe to remove the const qualifier here
+    tensor = (ggml_tensor *) (uintptr_t) apir_decode_ggml_tensor(dec);
+
+    uint32_t shmem_res_id;
+    apir_decode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(dec, &shmem_res_id);
+
+    size_t offset;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &offset);
+
+    size_t size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &size);
+
+    if (validate_buffer_operation(offset, size, __func__) != 0) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    void * shmem_data = ctx->iface->get_shmem_ptr(ctx->ctx_id, shmem_res_id);
+
+    if (!shmem_data) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Couldn't get the shmem addr from virgl\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    buffer->iface.set_tensor(buffer, tensor, shmem_data, offset, size);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_get_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(enc);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    buffer = apir_decode_ggml_buffer(dec);
+
+    if (!buffer || apir_decoder_get_fatal(dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Invalid buffer handle from guest\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * tensor;
+    // safe to remove the const qualifier here
+    tensor = apir_decode_ggml_tensor(dec);
+
+    uint32_t shmem_res_id;
+    apir_decode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(dec, &shmem_res_id);
+
+    size_t offset;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &offset);
+
+    size_t size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &size);
+
+    if (validate_buffer_operation(offset, size, __func__) != 0) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    void * shmem_data = ctx->iface->get_shmem_ptr(ctx->ctx_id, shmem_res_id);
+    if (!shmem_data) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Couldn't get the shmem addr from virgl\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    buffer->iface.get_tensor(buffer, tensor, shmem_data, offset, size);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_cpy_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    buffer = apir_decode_ggml_buffer(dec);
+
+    if (!buffer || apir_decoder_get_fatal(dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Invalid buffer handle from guest\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src;
+    // safe to remove the const qualifier here
+    src               = apir_decode_ggml_tensor(dec);
+    ggml_tensor * dst = (ggml_tensor *) (uintptr_t) apir_decode_ggml_tensor(dec);
+
+    bool ret = buffer->iface.cpy_tensor(buffer, src, (ggml_tensor *) dst);
+
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &ret);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_clear(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(enc);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    buffer = apir_decode_ggml_buffer(dec);
+
+    if (!buffer || apir_decoder_get_fatal(dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Invalid buffer handle from guest\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t value;
+    apir_decode_uint8_t(dec, &value);
+
+    buffer->iface.clear(buffer, value);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_buffer_free_buffer(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(enc);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    buffer = apir_decode_ggml_buffer(dec);
+
+    if (!buffer || apir_decoder_get_fatal(dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Invalid buffer handle from guest\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!apir_untrack_backend_buffer(buffer)) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: unknown buffer %p\n", __func__, (void *) buffer);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    buffer->iface.free_buffer(buffer);
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-device.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7acb8b51ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched-device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#include "backend-dispatched.h"
+#include "backend-virgl-apir.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_device_count(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    int32_t dev_count = reg->iface.get_device_count(reg);
+    apir_encode_int32_t(enc, &dev_count);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_count(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    int32_t dev_count = reg->iface.get_device_count(reg);
+    apir_encode_int32_t(enc, &dev_count);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_name(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    const char * string = dev->iface.get_name(dev);
+
+    const size_t string_size = strlen(string) + 1;
+    apir_encode_array_size(enc, string_size);
+    apir_encode_char_array(enc, string, string_size);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_description(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    const char * string = dev->iface.get_description(dev);
+
+    const size_t string_size = strlen(string) + 1;
+    apir_encode_array_size(enc, string_size);
+    apir_encode_char_array(enc, string, string_size);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_type(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    uint32_t type = dev->iface.get_type(dev);
+    apir_encode_uint32_t(enc, &type);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_memory(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    size_t free, total;
+    dev->iface.get_memory(dev, &free, &total);
+
+    apir_encode_size_t(enc, &free);
+    apir_encode_size_t(enc, &total);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_supports_op(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * op = apir_decode_ggml_tensor_inplace(dec);
+
+    bool supports_op = dev->iface.supports_op(dev, op);
+
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &supports_op);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_buffer_type(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_type_t bufft = dev->iface.get_buffer_type(dev);
+
+    apir_encode_ggml_buffer_type(enc, bufft);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_get_props(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    ggml_backend_dev_props props;
+    dev->iface.get_props(dev, &props);
+
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.async);
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.host_buffer);
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.buffer_from_host_ptr);
+    apir_encode_bool_t(enc, &props.caps.events);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t backend_device_buffer_from_ptr(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dec);
+
+    uint32_t shmem_res_id;
+    apir_decode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(dec, &shmem_res_id);
+
+    void * shmem_ptr = ctx->iface->get_shmem_ptr(ctx->ctx_id, shmem_res_id);
+    if (!shmem_ptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Couldn't get the shmem addr from virgl\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    size_t size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &size);
+    size_t max_tensor_size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(dec, &max_tensor_size);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    buffer = dev->iface.buffer_from_host_ptr(dev, shmem_ptr, size, max_tensor_size);
+
+    apir_encode_ggml_buffer(enc, buffer);
+    apir_encode_ggml_buffer_type(enc, buffer->buft);
+
+    if (buffer) {
+        apir_track_backend_buffer(buffer);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c80e4aabe1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "backend-dispatched.h"
+
+#include "backend-virgl-apir.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+ggml_backend_reg_t reg = NULL;
+ggml_backend_dev_t dev = NULL;
+ggml_backend_t     bck = NULL;
+
+uint64_t timer_start = 0;
+uint64_t timer_total = 0;
+uint64_t timer_count = 0;
+
+uint32_t backend_dispatch_initialize(void * ggml_backend_reg_fct_p) {
+    if (reg != NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: already initialized\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ALREADY_INITED;
+    }
+    ggml_backend_reg_t (*ggml_backend_reg_fct)(void) = (ggml_backend_reg_t (*)()) ggml_backend_reg_fct_p;
+
+    reg = ggml_backend_reg_fct();
+    if (reg == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: backend registration failed\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_REG_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    size_t device_count = reg->iface.get_device_count(reg);
+    if (!device_count) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: no device found\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_NO_DEVICE;
+    }
+
+    dev = reg->iface.get_device(reg, 0);
+
+    if (!dev) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: failed to get device\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_NO_DEVICE;
+    }
+
+    bck = dev->iface.init_backend(dev, NULL);
+    if (!bck) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: backend initialization failed\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_INIT_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    return APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.gen.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.gen.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3dc334e4ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.gen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/* device */
+uint32_t backend_device_get_device_count(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_get_count(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_get_name(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_get_description(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_get_type(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_get_memory(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_supports_op(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_get_buffer_type(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_get_props(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_device_buffer_from_ptr(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+
+/* buffer-type */
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_name(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_alignment(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_max_size(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+/* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_IS_HOST is deprecated. Keeping the handler for backward compatibility. */
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_is_host(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+
+/* buffer */
+uint32_t backend_buffer_get_base(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_set_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_get_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_cpy_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_clear(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+uint32_t backend_buffer_free_buffer(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+
+/* backend */
+uint32_t backend_backend_graph_compute(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+
+extern "C" {
+static const backend_dispatch_t apir_backend_dispatch_table[APIR_BACKEND_DISPATCH_TABLE_COUNT] = {
+
+    /* device */
+
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_DEVICE_COUNT  = */ backend_device_get_device_count,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_COUNT  = */ backend_device_get_count,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_NAME  = */ backend_device_get_name,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_DESCRIPTION  = */ backend_device_get_description,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_TYPE  = */ backend_device_get_type,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_MEMORY  = */ backend_device_get_memory,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_SUPPORTS_OP  = */ backend_device_supports_op,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_BUFFER_TYPE  = */ backend_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_PROPS  = */ backend_device_get_props,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_FROM_PTR  = */ backend_device_buffer_from_ptr,
+
+    /* buffer-type */
+
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_NAME  = */ backend_buffer_type_get_name,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALIGNMENT  = */ backend_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_MAX_SIZE  = */ backend_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_IS_HOST  = */ backend_buffer_type_is_host /* DEPRECATED */,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_ALLOC_BUFFER  = */ backend_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALLOC_SIZE  = */ backend_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
+
+    /* buffer */
+
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_BASE  = */ backend_buffer_get_base,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_SET_TENSOR  = */ backend_buffer_set_tensor,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_TENSOR  = */ backend_buffer_get_tensor,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CPY_TENSOR  = */ backend_buffer_cpy_tensor,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CLEAR  = */ backend_buffer_clear,
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_FREE_BUFFER  = */ backend_buffer_free_buffer,
+
+    /* backend */
+
+    /* APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BACKEND_GRAPH_COMPUTE  = */ backend_backend_graph_compute,
+};
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..740ee9e3ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-dispatched.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include <ggml-backend.h>
+
+#include "backend-convert.h"
+#include "backend-virgl-apir.h"
+#include "shared/apir_backend.h"
+#include "shared/apir_cs.h"
+#include "shared/apir_cs_ggml.h"
+// clang-format on
+
+#define GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "ggml-virtgpu-backend: "
+
+struct virgl_apir_context {
+    uint32_t               ctx_id;
+    virgl_apir_callbacks * iface;
+};
+
+typedef uint32_t (*backend_dispatch_t)(apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec, virgl_apir_context * ctx);
+
+#include "backend-dispatched.gen.h"
+
+uint32_t backend_dispatch_initialize(void * ggml_backend_reg_fct_p);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-virgl-apir.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-virgl-apir.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c65a01cdf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend-virgl-apir.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "shared/api_remoting.h"
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+extern ggml_backend_reg_t reg;
+extern ggml_backend_dev_t dev;
+extern ggml_backend_t     bck;
+
+struct virgl_apir_callbacks {
+    const char * (*get_config)(uint32_t virgl_ctx_id, const char * key);
+    void * (*get_shmem_ptr)(uint32_t virgl_ctx_id, uint32_t res_id);
+};
+
+extern "C" {
+ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode apir_backend_initialize(uint32_t virgl_ctx_id, struct virgl_apir_callbacks * virgl_cbs);
+void                      apir_backend_deinit(uint32_t virgl_ctx_id);
+uint32_t                  apir_backend_dispatcher(uint32_t               virgl_ctx_id,
+                                                  virgl_apir_callbacks * virgl_cbs,
+                                                  uint32_t               cmd_type,
+                                                  char *                 dec_cur,
+                                                  const char *           dec_end,
+                                                  char *                 enc_cur,
+                                                  const char *           enc_end,
+                                                  char **                enc_cur_after);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..535a05f3e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/backend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#include "backend-dispatched.h"
+#include "backend-virgl-apir.h"
+#include "shared/api_remoting.h"
+#include "shared/apir_backend.h"
+#include "shared/apir_cs.h"
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <ggml-backend.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#define APIR_LLAMA_CPP_GGML_LIBRARY_PATH_ENV "APIR_LLAMA_CPP_GGML_LIBRARY_PATH"
+#define APIR_LLAMA_CPP_GGML_LIBRARY_REG_ENV  "APIR_LLAMA_CPP_GGML_LIBRARY_REG"
+#define APIR_LLAMA_CPP_LOG_TO_FILE_ENV       "APIR_LLAMA_CPP_LOG_TO_FILE"
+
+#define GGML_DEFAULT_BACKEND_REG "ggml_backend_init"
+
+static void * backend_library_handle = NULL;
+static FILE * apir_logfile           = NULL;
+
+static void log_to_file_callback(enum ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * user_data) {
+    FILE * logfile = (FILE *) user_data;
+    fprintf(logfile, "[%d] %s", level, text);
+    fflush(logfile);
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+void apir_backend_deinit(uint32_t virgl_ctx_id) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(virgl_ctx_id);
+
+    auto buffers = apir_get_track_backend_buffers();
+    for (const auto & buffer : buffers) {
+        apir_untrack_backend_buffer(buffer);
+        buffer->iface.free_buffer(buffer);
+    }
+
+    if (backend_library_handle) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "The GGML backend library was loaded. Unloading it.\n");
+        dlclose(backend_library_handle);
+        backend_library_handle = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (apir_logfile) {
+        fclose(apir_logfile);
+        apir_logfile = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+#define APIR_GGML_LIBRARY_PATH_KEY "ggml.library.path"
+#define APIR_GGML_LIBRARY_REG_KEY  "ggml.library.reg"
+
+ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode apir_backend_initialize(uint32_t virgl_ctx_id, struct virgl_apir_callbacks * virgl_cbs) {
+    const char * dlsym_error;
+
+    const char * apir_log_to_file = getenv(APIR_LLAMA_CPP_LOG_TO_FILE_ENV);
+    if (apir_log_to_file) {
+        apir_logfile = fopen(apir_log_to_file, "w");
+        if (apir_logfile) {
+            ggml_log_set(log_to_file_callback, apir_logfile);
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "Could not open the log file at '%s'\n", apir_log_to_file);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const char * library_name      = virgl_cbs->get_config(virgl_ctx_id, APIR_GGML_LIBRARY_PATH_KEY);
+    const char * virgl_library_reg = virgl_cbs->get_config(virgl_ctx_id, APIR_GGML_LIBRARY_REG_KEY);
+    const char * library_reg       = virgl_library_reg ? virgl_library_reg : GGML_DEFAULT_BACKEND_REG;
+
+    if (!library_name) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: cannot open the GGML library: env var '%s' not defined\n", __func__,
+                       APIR_LLAMA_CPP_GGML_LIBRARY_PATH_ENV);
+
+        return APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ENV_VAR_MISSING;
+    }
+
+    backend_library_handle = dlopen(library_name, RTLD_LAZY);
+
+    if (!backend_library_handle) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: cannot open the GGML library: %s\n", __func__, dlerror());
+
+        return APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_CANNOT_OPEN;
+    }
+
+    if (!library_reg) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: cannot register the GGML library: env var '%s' not defined\n", __func__,
+                       APIR_LLAMA_CPP_GGML_LIBRARY_REG_ENV);
+
+        return APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ENV_VAR_MISSING;
+    }
+
+    void * ggml_backend_reg_fct = dlsym(backend_library_handle, library_reg);
+    dlsym_error                 = dlerror();
+    if (dlsym_error) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: cannot find the GGML backend registration symbol '%s' (from %s): %s\n",
+                       __func__, library_reg, APIR_LLAMA_CPP_GGML_LIBRARY_REG_ENV, dlsym_error);
+
+        return APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SYMBOL_MISSING;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t ret = backend_dispatch_initialize(ggml_backend_reg_fct);
+
+    return (ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode) (APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_INIT_BASE_INDEX + ret);
+}
+
+uint32_t apir_backend_dispatcher(uint32_t               virgl_ctx_id,
+                                 virgl_apir_callbacks * virgl_cbs,
+                                 uint32_t               cmd_type,
+                                 char *                 dec_cur,
+                                 const char *           dec_end,
+                                 char *                 enc_cur,
+                                 const char *           enc_end,
+                                 char **                enc_cur_after) {
+    apir_encoder enc = {
+        .cur   = enc_cur,
+        .start = enc_cur,
+        .end   = enc_end,
+        .fatal = false,
+    };
+
+    apir_decoder dec = {
+        .cur   = dec_cur,
+        .end   = dec_end,
+        .fatal = false,
+    };
+
+    virgl_apir_context ctx = {
+        .ctx_id = virgl_ctx_id,
+        .iface  = virgl_cbs,
+    };
+
+    if (cmd_type >= APIR_BACKEND_DISPATCH_TABLE_COUNT) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU_BCK "%s: Received an invalid dispatch index (%d >= %d)\n", __func__, cmd_type,
+                       APIR_BACKEND_DISPATCH_TABLE_COUNT);
+        return APIR_BACKEND_FORWARD_INDEX_INVALID;
+    }
+
+    backend_dispatch_t forward_fct = apir_backend_dispatch_table[cmd_type];
+    uint32_t           ret         = forward_fct(&enc, &dec, &ctx);
+
+    *enc_cur_after = enc.cur;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/api_remoting.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/api_remoting.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6bf97e8a3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/api_remoting.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/* the rest of this file must match virglrenderer/src/apir-protocol.h */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#define APIR_PROTOCOL_MAJOR 0
+#define APIR_PROTOCOL_MINOR 1
+
+#define APIR_HANDSHAKE_MAGIC 0xab1e
+
+enum ApirCommandType {
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_HANDSHAKE   = 0,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_LOADLIBRARY = 1,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_FORWARD     = 2,
+
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_LENGTH = 3,
+};
+
+typedef uint64_t ApirCommandFlags;
+
+enum ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode {
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SUCCESS                        = 0,
+    // these error codes are returned by the Virglrenderer APIR component
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_HYPERCALL_INITIALIZATION_ERROR = 1,
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ALREADY_LOADED                 = 2,
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ENV_VAR_MISSING                = 3,
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_CANNOT_OPEN                    = 4,
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SYMBOL_MISSING                 = 5,
+    // any value greater than this is an APIR *backend library* initialization return code
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_INIT_BASE_INDEX                = 6,
+};
+
+enum ApirForwardReturnCode {
+    APIR_FORWARD_SUCCESS                = 0,
+    // these error codes are returned by the Virglrenderer APIR component
+    APIR_FORWARD_NO_DISPATCH_FCT        = 1,
+    APIR_FORWARD_TIMEOUT                = 2,
+    APIR_FORWARD_FAILED_TO_SYNC_STREAMS = 3,
+    // any value greater than this index an APIR *backend library* forward return code
+    APIR_FORWARD_BASE_INDEX             = 4,
+};
+
+__attribute__((unused)) static inline const char * apir_command_name(ApirCommandType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_HANDSHAKE:
+            return "HandShake";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_LOADLIBRARY:
+            return "LoadLibrary";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_FORWARD:
+            return "Forward";
+        default:
+            return "unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+__attribute__((unused)) static const char * apir_load_library_error(ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode code) {
+#define APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(code_name) \
+    do {                                   \
+        if (code == code_name)             \
+            return #code_name;             \
+    } while (0)
+
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SUCCESS);
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_HYPERCALL_INITIALIZATION_ERROR);
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ALREADY_LOADED);
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ENV_VAR_MISSING);
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_CANNOT_OPEN);
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SYMBOL_MISSING);
+    APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR(APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_INIT_BASE_INDEX);
+
+    return "Unknown APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_LoadLibrary error";
+
+#undef APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ERROR
+}
+
+__attribute__((unused)) static const char * apir_forward_error(ApirForwardReturnCode code) {
+#define APIR_FORWARD_ERROR(code_name) \
+    do {                              \
+        if (code == code_name)        \
+            return #code_name;        \
+    } while (0)
+
+    APIR_FORWARD_ERROR(APIR_FORWARD_SUCCESS);
+    APIR_FORWARD_ERROR(APIR_FORWARD_NO_DISPATCH_FCT);
+    APIR_FORWARD_ERROR(APIR_FORWARD_TIMEOUT);
+    APIR_FORWARD_ERROR(APIR_FORWARD_FAILED_TO_SYNC_STREAMS);
+    APIR_FORWARD_ERROR(APIR_FORWARD_BASE_INDEX);
+
+    return "Unknown APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_FORWARD error";
+
+#undef APIR_FORWARD_ERROR
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_backend.gen.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_backend.gen.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..520ac9c7299
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_backend.gen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+typedef enum ApirBackendCommandType {
+
+    /* device */
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_DEVICE_COUNT = 0,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_COUNT        = 1,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_NAME         = 2,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_DESCRIPTION  = 3,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_TYPE         = 4,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_MEMORY       = 5,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_SUPPORTS_OP      = 6,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_BUFFER_TYPE  = 7,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_PROPS        = 8,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_FROM_PTR  = 9,
+
+    /* buffer-type */
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_NAME       = 10,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALIGNMENT  = 11,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_MAX_SIZE   = 12,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_IS_HOST        = 13,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_ALLOC_BUFFER   = 14,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALLOC_SIZE = 15,
+
+    /* buffer */
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_BASE    = 16,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_SET_TENSOR  = 17,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_TENSOR  = 18,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CPY_TENSOR  = 19,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CLEAR       = 20,
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_FREE_BUFFER = 21,
+
+    /* backend */
+    APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BACKEND_GRAPH_COMPUTE = 22,
+
+    // last command_type index + 1
+    APIR_BACKEND_DISPATCH_TABLE_COUNT = 23,
+} ApirBackendCommandType;
+
+static inline const char * apir_dispatch_command_name(ApirBackendCommandType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        /* device */
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_DEVICE_COUNT:
+            return "device_get_device_count";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_COUNT:
+            return "device_get_count";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_NAME:
+            return "device_get_name";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_DESCRIPTION:
+            return "device_get_description";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_TYPE:
+            return "device_get_type";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_MEMORY:
+            return "device_get_memory";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_SUPPORTS_OP:
+            return "device_supports_op";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_BUFFER_TYPE:
+            return "device_get_buffer_type";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_PROPS:
+            return "device_get_props";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_FROM_PTR:
+            return "device_buffer_from_ptr";
+        /* buffer-type */
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_NAME:
+            return "buffer_type_get_name";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALIGNMENT:
+            return "buffer_type_get_alignment";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_MAX_SIZE:
+            return "buffer_type_get_max_size";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_IS_HOST:
+            return "buffer_type_is_host";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_ALLOC_BUFFER:
+            return "buffer_type_alloc_buffer";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALLOC_SIZE:
+            return "buffer_type_get_alloc_size";
+        /* buffer */
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_BASE:
+            return "buffer_get_base";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_SET_TENSOR:
+            return "buffer_set_tensor";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_TENSOR:
+            return "buffer_get_tensor";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CPY_TENSOR:
+            return "buffer_cpy_tensor";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CLEAR:
+            return "buffer_clear";
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_FREE_BUFFER:
+            return "buffer_free_buffer";
+        /* backend */
+        case APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BACKEND_GRAPH_COMPUTE:
+            return "backend_graph_compute";
+
+        default:
+            return "unknown";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_backend.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da1e21b5b2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "apir_backend.gen.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>  // for uintptr_t
+#include <time.h>    // for timespec, clock_gettime
+
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_SUCCESS                     0
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_CANNOT_OPEN_BACKEND_LIBRARY 1
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_CANNOT_OPEN_GGML_LIBRARY    2
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_MISSING_BACKEND_SYMBOLS     3
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_MISSING_GGML_SYMBOLS        4
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_FAILED              5
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_REG_FAILED          6
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ALREADY_INITED              7
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_NO_DEVICE                   8
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_INIT_FAILED         9
+
+// new entries here need to be added to the apir_backend_initialize_error function below
+
+#define APIR_BACKEND_FORWARD_INDEX_INVALID 6
+
+// 0 is fast, 1 avoids the backend to crash if an unsupported tensor is received
+#define APIR_BACKEND_CHECK_SUPPORTS_OP 0
+
+typedef uintptr_t apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t;
+typedef uintptr_t apir_buffer_host_handle_t;
+
+static const char * apir_backend_initialize_error(int code) {
+#define APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(code_name) \
+    do {                                         \
+        if (code == code_name)                   \
+            return #code_name;                   \
+    } while (0)
+
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_SUCCESS);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_CANNOT_OPEN_BACKEND_LIBRARY);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_CANNOT_OPEN_GGML_LIBRARY);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_MISSING_BACKEND_SYMBOLS);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_MISSING_GGML_SYMBOLS);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_FAILED);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_REG_FAILED);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ALREADY_INITED);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_NO_DEVICE);
+    APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR(APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_BACKEND_INIT_FAILED);
+
+    return "Unknown APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE error:/";
+
+#undef APIR_BACKEND_INITIALIZE_ERROR
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64bf2ec9609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#define likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+
+struct apir_encoder {
+    char *       cur;
+    const char * start;
+    const char * end;
+    bool         fatal;
+};
+
+struct apir_decoder {
+    const char * cur;
+    const char * end;
+    bool         fatal;
+};
+
+/*
+ * new encoder and decoder
+ */
+
+static apir_decoder apir_new_decoder(const char * ptr, size_t size) {
+    apir_decoder dec = {
+        .cur   = ptr,
+        .end   = ptr + size,
+        .fatal = false,
+    };
+
+    return dec;
+}
+
+static apir_encoder apir_new_encoder(char * ptr, size_t size) {
+    apir_encoder enc = {
+        .cur   = ptr,
+        .start = ptr,
+        .end   = ptr + size,
+        .fatal = false,
+    };
+
+    return enc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * fatal flag handling
+ */
+
+static inline void apir_encoder_reset_fatal(apir_encoder * enc) {
+    enc->fatal = false;
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encoder_set_fatal(apir_encoder * enc) {
+    enc->fatal = true;
+}
+
+static inline bool apir_encoder_get_fatal(const apir_encoder * enc) {
+    return enc->fatal;
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decoder_reset_fatal(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    dec->fatal = false;
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decoder_set_fatal(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    dec->fatal = true;
+}
+
+static inline bool apir_decoder_get_fatal(const apir_decoder * dec) {
+    return dec->fatal;
+}
+
+/*
+ * encode peek
+ */
+
+static inline bool apir_decoder_peek_internal(apir_decoder * dec, size_t size, void * val, size_t val_size) {
+    assert(val_size <= size);
+
+    if (unlikely(size > (size_t) (dec->end - dec->cur))) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: reading too much from the decoder ...\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+        memset(val, 0, val_size);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* we should not rely on the compiler to optimize away memcpy... */
+    memcpy(val, dec->cur, val_size);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decoder_peek(apir_decoder * dec, size_t size, void * val, size_t val_size) {
+    apir_decoder_peek_internal(dec, size, val, val_size);
+}
+
+static inline const void * apir_decoder_use_inplace(apir_decoder * dec, size_t size) {
+    if (unlikely(size > (size_t) (dec->end - dec->cur))) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: reading too much from the decoder ...\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    const void * addr = dec->cur;
+    dec->cur += size;
+
+    return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read/write
+ */
+
+static inline void apir_decoder_read(apir_decoder * dec, size_t size, void * val, size_t val_size) {
+    if (apir_decoder_peek_internal(dec, size, val, val_size)) {
+        dec->cur += size;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline char * apir_encoder_write(apir_encoder * enc, size_t size, const void * val, size_t val_size) {
+    assert(val_size <= size);
+    assert(size <= ((size_t) (enc->end - enc->cur)));
+
+    char * write_addr = enc->cur;
+    /* we should not rely on the compiler to optimize away memcpy... */
+    memcpy(write_addr, val, val_size);
+    enc->cur += size;
+
+    return write_addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * encode/decode
+ */
+
+static inline void apir_decode(apir_decoder * dec, size_t size, void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    assert(size % 4 == 0);
+    apir_decoder_read(dec, size, data, data_size);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode(apir_encoder * enc, size_t size, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
+    assert(size % 4 == 0);
+    apir_encoder_write(enc, size, data, data_size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * typed encode/decode
+ */
+
+/* uint8_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_uint8_t(apir_encoder * enc, const uint8_t * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, sizeof(int), val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_uint8_t(apir_decoder * dec, uint8_t * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, sizeof(int), val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+/* uint64_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_uint64_t(apir_encoder * enc, const uint64_t * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, 8, val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_uint64_t(apir_decoder * dec, uint64_t * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, 8, val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_uint64_t_array(apir_encoder * enc, const uint64_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    const size_t size = sizeof(*val) * count;
+    assert(size >= count);
+    apir_encode(enc, size, val, size);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_uint64_t_array(apir_decoder * dec, uint64_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    const size_t size = sizeof(*val) * count;
+    assert(size >= count);
+    apir_decode(dec, size, val, size);
+}
+
+static inline const uint64_t * apir_decode_uint64_t_array_inplace(apir_decoder * dec, uint32_t count) {
+    return (uint64_t *) (uintptr_t) apir_decoder_use_inplace(dec, count * sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+/* int32_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_int32_t(apir_encoder * enc, const int32_t * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, 4, val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_int32_t(apir_decoder * dec, int32_t * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, 4, val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_int32_t_array(apir_encoder * enc, const int32_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    const size_t size = sizeof(*val) * count;
+    assert(size >= count);
+    apir_encode(enc, size, val, size);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_int32_t_array(apir_decoder * dec, int32_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    const size_t size = sizeof(*val) * count;
+    assert(size >= count);
+    apir_decode(dec, size, val, size);
+}
+
+/* array size (uint64_t) */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_array_size(apir_encoder * enc, uint64_t size) {
+    apir_encode_uint64_t(enc, &size);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t apir_decode_array_size(apir_decoder * dec, uint64_t expected_size) {
+    uint64_t size;
+    apir_decode_uint64_t(dec, &size);
+    if (size != expected_size) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: Couldn't decode array from the decoder\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+        size = 0;
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t apir_decode_array_size_unchecked(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    uint64_t size;
+    apir_decode_uint64_t(dec, &size);
+    return size;
+}
+
+/* non-array pointer */
+
+static inline bool apir_encode_simple_pointer(apir_encoder * enc, const void * val) {
+    apir_encode_array_size(enc, val ? 1 : 0);
+    return val;
+}
+
+static inline bool apir_decode_simple_pointer(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    return apir_decode_array_size_unchecked(dec);
+}
+
+/* uint32_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_uint32_t(apir_encoder * enc, const uint32_t * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, 4, val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_uint32_t(apir_decoder * dec, uint32_t * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, 4, val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_uint32_t_array(apir_encoder * enc, const uint32_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    const size_t size = sizeof(*val) * count;
+    assert(size >= count);
+    apir_encode(enc, size, val, size);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_uint32_t_array(apir_decoder * dec, uint32_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    const size_t size = sizeof(*val) * count;
+    assert(size >= count);
+    apir_decode(dec, size, val, size);
+}
+
+/* size_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_size_t(apir_encoder * enc, const size_t * val) {
+    const uint64_t tmp = *val;
+    apir_encode_uint64_t(enc, &tmp);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_size_t(apir_decoder * dec, size_t * val) {
+    uint64_t tmp;
+    apir_decode_uint64_t(dec, &tmp);
+    *val = tmp;
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_size_t_array(apir_encoder * enc, const size_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    if (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+        apir_encode_uint64_t_array(enc, (const uint64_t *) val, count);
+    } else {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            apir_encode_size_t(enc, &val[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_size_t_array(apir_decoder * dec, size_t * val, uint32_t count) {
+    if (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+        apir_decode_uint64_t_array(dec, (uint64_t *) val, count);
+    } else {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            apir_decode_size_t(dec, &val[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* opaque blob */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_blob_array(apir_encoder * enc, const void * val, size_t size) {
+    apir_encode(enc, (size + 3) & ~3, val, size);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_blob_array(apir_decoder * dec, void * val, size_t size) {
+    apir_decode(dec, (size + 3) & ~3, val, size);
+}
+
+/* string */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_char_array(apir_encoder * enc, const char * val, size_t size) {
+    assert(size && strlen(val) < size);
+    apir_encode_blob_array(enc, val, size);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_char_array(apir_decoder * dec, char * val, size_t size) {
+    apir_decode_blob_array(dec, val, size);
+    if (size) {
+        val[size - 1] = '\0';
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: Couldn't decode the blog array\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+    }
+}
+
+/* (temp) buffer allocation */
+
+static inline void * apir_decoder_alloc_array(size_t size, size_t count) {
+    size_t alloc_size;
+    if (unlikely(__builtin_mul_overflow(size, count, &alloc_size))) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: overflow in array allocation of %zu * %zu bytes\n", __func__, size, count);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return malloc(alloc_size);
+}
+
+/* bool */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_bool_t(apir_encoder * enc, const bool * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, sizeof(int), val, sizeof(bool));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_bool_t(apir_decoder * dec, bool * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, sizeof(int), val, sizeof(bool));
+}
+
+/* apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t(apir_encoder *                         enc,
+                                                              const apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, sizeof(apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t), val, sizeof(apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t(apir_decoder *                   dec,
+                                                              apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, sizeof(apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t), val, sizeof(apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t));
+}
+
+/* apir_buffer_host_handle_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(apir_encoder * enc, const apir_buffer_host_handle_t * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, sizeof(apir_buffer_host_handle_t), val, sizeof(apir_buffer_host_handle_t));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(apir_decoder * dec, apir_buffer_host_handle_t * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, sizeof(apir_buffer_host_handle_t), val, sizeof(apir_buffer_host_handle_t));
+}
+
+/* uintptr_t */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_uintptr_t(apir_encoder * enc, const uintptr_t * val) {
+    apir_encode(enc, sizeof(*val), val, sizeof(*val));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_uintptr_t(apir_decoder * dec, uintptr_t * val) {
+    apir_decode(dec, sizeof(*val), val, sizeof(*val));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs_ggml.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs_ggml.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fabe3e401ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs_ggml.h
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+#include "apir_cs.h"
+#include "apir_cs_rpc.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+// ggml_buffer_to_apir_host_handle(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer);
+
+static inline void apir_encode_ggml_buffer_host_handle(apir_encoder * enc, const apir_buffer_host_handle_t * handle);
+
+static inline ggml_backend_buffer_t apir_decode_ggml_buffer(apir_decoder * dec);
+
+/* apir_rpc_tensor */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_rcp_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, const apir_rpc_tensor * apir_rpc_tensor) {
+    size_t apir_rpc_tensor_size = sizeof(*apir_rpc_tensor);
+    apir_encode(enc, apir_rpc_tensor_size, apir_rpc_tensor, apir_rpc_tensor_size);
+}
+
+static inline apir_rpc_tensor * apir_decode_apir_rpc_tensor_inplace(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    size_t apir_rpc_tensor_size = sizeof(apir_rpc_tensor);
+
+    return (apir_rpc_tensor *) (uintptr_t) apir_decoder_use_inplace(dec, apir_rpc_tensor_size);
+}
+
+static inline apir_rpc_tensor * apir_decode_apir_rpc_tensor_array_inplace(apir_decoder * dec, uint32_t n_tensors) {
+    size_t apir_rpc_tensor_size = sizeof(apir_rpc_tensor) * n_tensors;
+
+    return (apir_rpc_tensor *) (uintptr_t) apir_decoder_use_inplace(dec, apir_rpc_tensor_size);
+}
+
+/* ggml_tensor */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_ggml_tensor(apir_encoder * enc, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    apir_rpc_tensor serialized = apir_serialize_tensor(tensor);
+
+    apir_encode_rcp_tensor(enc, &serialized);
+}
+
+static inline const ggml_tensor * apir_decode_ggml_tensor(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    const apir_rpc_tensor * apir_rpc_tensor = apir_decode_apir_rpc_tensor_inplace(dec);
+
+    if (!apir_rpc_tensor) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ggml_init_params params{
+        /*.mem_size   =*/ggml_tensor_overhead(),
+        /*.mem_buffer =*/NULL,
+        /*.no_alloc   =*/true,
+    };
+
+    ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * tensor = apir_deserialize_tensor(ctx, apir_rpc_tensor);
+
+    return tensor;
+}
+
+/* *** ggml_backend_buffer_type_t *** */
+
+// ggml_backend_buffer_type_t is a POINTER (to a struct).
+// Only the host pointer is shared between the host and guest.
+// The guest stores it in `buft->context`.
+// The host simply writes the pointer address in the buffer variable.
+
+static inline void apir_encode_ggml_buffer_type(apir_encoder * enc, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t handle = ggml_buffer_type_to_apir_handle(buft);
+    apir_encoder_write(enc, sizeof(handle), &handle, sizeof(handle));
+}
+
+static inline ggml_backend_buffer_type_t apir_decode_ggml_buffer_type(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t handle;
+
+    apir_decoder_read(dec, sizeof(handle), &handle, sizeof(handle));
+
+    return (ggml_backend_buffer_type_t) handle;
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(apir_encoder * enc, apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t handle) {
+    apir_encoder_write(enc, sizeof(handle), &handle, sizeof(handle));
+}
+
+static inline apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t apir_decode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t handle;
+
+    apir_decoder_read(dec, sizeof(handle), &handle, sizeof(handle));
+
+    return handle;
+}
+
+/* *** ggml_backend_type_t *** */
+
+// ggml_backend_buffer_t is a POINTER.
+// same logic as for ggml_backend_buffer_type_t
+
+static inline void apir_encode_ggml_buffer(apir_encoder * enc, const ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    apir_buffer_host_handle_t handle = BUFFER_TO_HOST_HANDLE(buffer);
+    apir_encoder_write(enc, sizeof(handle), &handle, sizeof(handle));
+}
+
+static inline ggml_backend_buffer_t apir_decode_ggml_buffer(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer;
+    size_t                buffer_ptr_size = sizeof(buffer);
+
+    apir_decoder_read(dec, buffer_ptr_size, &buffer, buffer_ptr_size);
+
+    // SECURITY: Validate buffer handle against tracked buffers to prevent
+    // guest VM from providing arbitrary host memory addresses
+    if (buffer) {
+        extern std::unordered_set<ggml_backend_buffer_t> backend_buffers;
+        if (backend_buffers.find(buffer) == backend_buffers.end()) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml-virtgpu-backend: %s: Invalid buffer handle from guest: %p\n", __func__,
+                          (void *) buffer);
+            // Set fatal flag to prevent further processing with invalid handle
+            apir_decoder_set_fatal(dec);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+/* enum ggml_status */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_ggml_status(apir_encoder * enc, const ggml_status * status) {
+    apir_encoder_write(enc, sizeof(*status), status, sizeof(*status));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_ggml_status(apir_decoder * dec, ggml_status * status) {
+    apir_decoder_read(dec, sizeof(*status), status, sizeof(*status));
+}
+
+/* virtgpu_shmem */
+
+static inline void apir_encode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(apir_encoder * enc, uint32_t shmem_res_id) {
+    apir_encode_uint32_t(enc, &shmem_res_id);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_decode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(apir_decoder * dec, uint32_t * shmem_res_id) {
+    apir_decode_uint32_t(dec, shmem_res_id);
+}
+
+/* ggml_cgraph */
+
+static inline size_t apir_serialize_ggml_cgraph(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::vector<uint8_t> & cgraph_data) {
+    apir_serialize_graph(cgraph, cgraph_data);
+
+    return cgraph_data.size();
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_cgraph_data(apir_encoder * enc, std::vector<uint8_t> & cgraph_data) {
+    size_t cgraph_size = cgraph_data.size();
+
+    apir_encode(enc, cgraph_size, cgraph_data.data(), cgraph_size);
+}
+
+static inline ggml_cgraph * apir_decode_ggml_cgraph(apir_decoder * dec, size_t cgraph_size) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(cgraph_size);
+
+    uint32_t n_nodes;
+    apir_decode_uint32_t(dec, &n_nodes);
+    const uint64_t * nodes = apir_decode_uint64_t_array_inplace(dec, n_nodes);
+
+    uint32_t n_tensors;
+    apir_decode_uint32_t(dec, &n_tensors);
+    const apir_rpc_tensor * tensors = apir_decode_apir_rpc_tensor_array_inplace(dec, n_tensors);
+
+    return apir_deserialize_graph(n_nodes, n_tensors, tensors, nodes);
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_ggml_buffer_handle(apir_encoder * enc, const apir_buffer_host_handle_t * handle) {
+    apir_encoder_write(enc, sizeof(*handle), &handle, sizeof(*handle));
+}
+
+static inline void apir_encode_ggml_tensor_inline(apir_encoder * enc, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    size_t tensor_size = sizeof(*tensor);
+
+    if (tensor->extra) {
+        GGML_ABORT("%s: Cannot pass tensors with extra", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (tensor->src[0] && tensor->buffer) {
+        static int first = 1;
+        if (first) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: Cannot pass tensors with src and buffer\n", __func__);
+            first = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    apir_encoder_write(enc, tensor_size, tensor, tensor_size);
+
+    // tensor->data is a pointer inside the device buffer. No need to touch it
+    // tensor->buffer is a pointer to a buffer. Encoding the buffer handle in sequence.
+    // (could also make a copy of the tensor, and update locally.)
+
+    if (tensor->buffer) {
+        apir_buffer_host_handle_t buffer_handle = ggml_buffer_to_apir_handle(tensor->buffer);
+        apir_encode_ggml_buffer_handle(enc, &buffer_handle);
+    }
+
+    if (tensor->view_src) {
+        apir_encoder_write(enc, tensor_size, tensor->view_src, tensor_size);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; tensor->src[i]; i++) {
+        const ggml_tensor * tensor_src = tensor->src[i];
+        apir_encoder_write(enc, tensor_size, tensor_src, tensor_size);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline const ggml_tensor * apir_decode_ggml_tensor_inplace(apir_decoder * dec) {
+    // it safe to remove the `const` qualifier here, we *do* want to
+    // modify the shared memory data to fix the `src` pointers.
+    ggml_tensor * tensor = (ggml_tensor *) (uintptr_t) apir_decoder_use_inplace(dec, sizeof(ggml_tensor));
+
+    // tensor->data is a pointer inside the device buffer. No need to touch it
+    // tensor->buffer is a pointer to a buffer. Decode the buffer handle encoded in sequence.
+    if (tensor->buffer) {
+        tensor->buffer = apir_decode_ggml_buffer(dec);
+    }
+
+    if (tensor->view_src) {
+        ggml_tensor * tensor_view_src = (ggml_tensor *) (uintptr_t) apir_decoder_use_inplace(dec, sizeof(ggml_tensor));
+        tensor->view_src              = tensor_view_src;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; tensor->src[i]; i++) {
+        ggml_tensor * tensor_src = (ggml_tensor *) (uintptr_t) apir_decoder_use_inplace(dec, sizeof(ggml_tensor));
+        tensor->src[i] = tensor_src;  // overwrite op->src[i] pointer with the actual location of the src tensor
+    }
+
+    return tensor;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs_rpc.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs_rpc.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4cb2f047d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/backend/shared/apir_cs_rpc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// clang-format off
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstdint>
+// clang-format on
+
+// ggml_tensor is serialized into apir_rpc_tensor
+struct apir_rpc_tensor {
+    uint64_t id;
+    uint32_t type;
+    uint64_t buffer;
+    uint32_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    uint32_t nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    uint32_t op;
+    int32_t  op_params[GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t)];
+    int32_t  flags;
+    uint64_t src[GGML_MAX_SRC];
+    uint64_t view_src;
+    uint64_t view_offs;
+    uint64_t data;
+    char     name[GGML_MAX_NAME];
+
+    char padding[4];
+};
+
+/* frontend */
+
+apir_rpc_tensor apir_serialize_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor);
+
+void apir_serialize_graph(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::vector<uint8_t> & output);
+
+/* backend */
+
+void                                      apir_track_backend_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer);
+bool                                      apir_untrack_backend_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer);
+std::unordered_set<ggml_backend_buffer_t> apir_get_track_backend_buffers();
+
+void apir_add_tensor(ggml_tensor *                       tensor,
+                     std::vector<apir_rpc_tensor> &      tensors,
+                     std::unordered_set<ggml_tensor *> & visited);
+
+ggml_tensor * apir_deserialize_tensor(ggml_context * ctx, const apir_rpc_tensor * tensor);
+
+ggml_tensor * apir_create_node(uint64_t                                                      id,
+                               ggml_context *                                                ctx,
+                               const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, const apir_rpc_tensor *> & tensor_ptrs,
+                               std::unordered_map<uint64_t, ggml_tensor *> &                 tensor_map);
+
+ggml_cgraph * apir_deserialize_graph(uint32_t                n_nodes,
+                                     uint32_t                n_tensors,
+                                     const apir_rpc_tensor * tensors,
+                                     const uint64_t *        nodes);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-buffer-type.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-buffer-type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8fa20ff43bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-buffer-type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                                            size_t                     size) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFT_TO_GPU(buft);
+
+    ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context * context = (ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context *) malloc(sizeof(*context));
+    if (!context) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Couldn't allocate the buffer context ...", __func__);
+    }
+
+    context->gpu = gpu;
+
+    bool async__unused, host_buffer__unused, events__unused;
+    bool buffer_from_host_ptr;
+    apir_device_get_props(gpu, &async__unused, &host_buffer__unused, &buffer_from_host_ptr, &events__unused);
+
+    if (buffer_from_host_ptr) {
+        context->apir_context = apir_device_buffer_from_ptr(gpu, size, size);
+        context->base         = context->apir_context.shmem.mmap_ptr;
+        context->is_from_ptr  = true;
+    } else {
+        context->apir_context = apir_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(gpu, gpu->cached_buffer_type.host_handle, size);
+        context->is_from_ptr  = false;
+        context->base         = NULL;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer =
+        ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_interface, (void *) context, size);
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFT_TO_GPU(buft);
+
+    // Return the prefixed name that was built once during initialization
+    return gpu->cached_buffer_type.name;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFT_TO_GPU(buft);
+
+    return gpu->cached_buffer_type.alignment;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFT_TO_GPU(buft);
+
+    return gpu->cached_buffer_type.max_size;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                               const ggml_tensor *        tensor) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFT_TO_GPU(buft);
+
+    if (tensor->buffer == NULL || !tensor->buffer->context ||
+        !buft->device->iface.supports_buft(buft->device, tensor->buffer->buft)) {
+        return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+    }
+
+    return apir_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(gpu, gpu->cached_buffer_type.host_handle, tensor);
+}
+
+const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_name,
+    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
+    /* .is_host          = */ NULL,
+};
+
+const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_from_ptr_type_interface = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_name,
+    /* .alloc_buffer     = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_alignment    = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+    /* .get_max_size     = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_max_size,
+    /* .get_alloc_size   = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_get_alloc_size,
+    /* .is_host          = */ NULL,
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-buffer.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-buffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b95362dd80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-buffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+
+#define BUFFER_TO_GPU(name) ((ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context *) (name)->context)->gpu
+
+static void * ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context * context = (ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    if (context->base) {
+        return context->base;
+    }
+
+    context->base = apir_buffer_get_base(BUFFER_TO_GPU(buffer), BUFFER_TO_APIR_CONTEXT(buffer));
+
+    return context->base;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                    ggml_tensor *         tensor,
+                                                    const void *          data,
+                                                    size_t                offset,
+                                                    size_t                size) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFFER_TO_GPU(buffer);
+
+    ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context * context = BUFFER_TO_GGML_CONTEXT(buffer);
+    if (context->is_from_ptr) {
+        memcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size);
+    } else {
+        apir_buffer_set_tensor(gpu, BUFFER_TO_APIR_CONTEXT(buffer), tensor, data, offset, size);
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                    const ggml_tensor *   tensor,
+                                                    void *                data,
+                                                    size_t                offset,
+                                                    size_t                size) {
+    virtgpu *                              gpu     = BUFFER_TO_GPU(buffer);
+    ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context * context = BUFFER_TO_GGML_CONTEXT(buffer);
+    if (context->is_from_ptr) {
+        memcpy(data, (const char *) tensor->data + offset, size);
+    } else {
+        apir_buffer_get_tensor(gpu, BUFFER_TO_APIR_CONTEXT(buffer), tensor, data, offset, size);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_set_tensor_from_ptr(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                             ggml_tensor *         tensor,
+                                                             const void *          data,
+                                                             size_t                offset,
+                                                             size_t                size) {
+    UNUSED(buffer);
+
+    memcpy((char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size);
+
+    return;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_get_tensor_from_ptr(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                             const ggml_tensor *   tensor,
+                                                             void *                data,
+                                                             size_t                offset,
+                                                             size_t                size) {
+    UNUSED(buffer);
+
+    memcpy(data, (const char *) tensor->data + offset, size);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                    const ggml_tensor *   src,
+                                                    ggml_tensor *         dst) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFFER_TO_GPU(buffer);
+
+    bool ret = apir_buffer_cpy_tensor(gpu, BUFFER_TO_APIR_CONTEXT(buffer), src, dst);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFFER_TO_GPU(buffer);
+
+    apir_buffer_clear(gpu, BUFFER_TO_APIR_CONTEXT(buffer), value);
+
+    return;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = BUFFER_TO_GPU(buffer);
+
+    apir_buffer_free_buffer(gpu, BUFFER_TO_APIR_CONTEXT(buffer));
+
+    ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context * context = BUFFER_TO_GGML_CONTEXT(buffer);
+    free(context);
+    buffer->context = NULL;
+}
+
+const ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_interface = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ NULL,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
+};
+
+const ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_from_ptr_interface = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ NULL,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_set_tensor_from_ptr,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_get_tensor_from_ptr,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-device.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec8156bb868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    // Return the prefixed name that was built once during initialization
+    return gpu->cached_device_info.name;
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    // Return the pre-cached description from the virtgpu structure
+    return gpu->cached_device_info.description;
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    return (enum ggml_backend_dev_type) gpu->cached_device_info.type;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    *free  = gpu->cached_device_info.memory_free;
+    *total = gpu->cached_device_info.memory_total;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_remoting_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+#if USE_ALWAYS_TRUE_SUPPORTS_OP == 1
+    /* ggml-rpc cheats it like this */
+    /* with the current implementation of serialize_tensor, the src/view aren't properly passed */
+    UNUSED(dev);
+    UNUSED(op);
+
+    return true;
+#else
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    return apir_device_supports_op(gpu, op);
+#endif
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_remoting_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    bool supported = buft->device == dev;
+
+    return supported;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_remoting_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    UNUSED(dev);
+    UNUSED(op);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name        = ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type        = ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_type(dev);
+    ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+    apir_device_get_props(gpu, &props->caps.async, &props->caps.host_buffer, &props->caps.buffer_from_host_ptr,
+                          &props->caps.events);
+
+    props->caps.buffer_from_host_ptr = false;
+    props->caps.async                = false;
+    props->caps.events               = false;
+}
+
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    static std::atomic<bool>        initialized = false;
+    static ggml_backend_buffer_type buft;
+
+    if (!initialized) {
+        static std::mutex           mutex;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+        if (!initialized) {
+            buft = {
+                /* .iface    = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_interface,
+                /* .device   = */ dev,
+                /* .context  = */ (void *) gpu->cached_buffer_type.host_handle,
+            };
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return &buft;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_buffer_from_ptr_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    static std::atomic<bool>        initialized = false;
+    static ggml_backend_buffer_type buft;
+
+    if (!initialized) {
+        static std::mutex           mutex;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+        if (!initialized) {
+            buft = {
+                /* .iface    = */ ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_from_ptr_type_interface,
+                /* .device   = */ dev,
+                /* .context  = */ (void *) gpu->cached_buffer_type.host_handle,
+            };
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return &buft;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_remoting_device_buffer_from_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
+                                                                          void *             ptr,
+                                                                          size_t             size,
+                                                                          size_t             max_tensor_size) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(dev);
+
+    ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context * context = (ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context *) malloc(sizeof(*context));
+    if (!context) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Couldn't allocate the buffer context ...", __func__);
+    }
+
+    context->gpu          = gpu;
+    context->apir_context = apir_device_buffer_from_ptr(gpu, size, max_tensor_size);
+    context->base         = ptr;
+    context->is_from_ptr  = true;
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer =
+        ggml_backend_buffer_init(ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_buffer_from_ptr_type(dev),
+                                 ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_from_ptr_interface, (void *) context, size);
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+const ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_remoting_device_interface = {
+    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_init,
+    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_buffer_from_ptr,
+    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op           = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_offload_op,
+    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-reg.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-reg.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4df5956aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend-reg.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+#include "ggml-virtgpu.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <mutex>
+
+void ggml_virtgpu_cleanup(virtgpu * gpu);
+
+static virtgpu * apir_initialize() {
+    static virtgpu *         gpu         = NULL;
+    static std::atomic<bool> initialized = false;
+
+    if (initialized) {
+        // fast track
+        return gpu;
+    }
+
+    {
+        static std::mutex           mutex;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+        if (initialized) {
+            // thread safe
+            return gpu;
+        }
+
+        gpu = create_virtgpu();
+        if (!gpu) {
+            initialized = true;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        // Pre-fetch and cache all device information, it will not change
+        gpu->cached_device_info.description = apir_device_get_description(gpu);
+        if (!gpu->cached_device_info.description) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to initialize the virtgpu device description", __func__);
+        }
+        gpu->cached_device_info.device_count = apir_device_get_count(gpu);
+        gpu->cached_device_info.type         = apir_device_get_type(gpu);
+
+        {
+            // Get the remote name and create prefixed version
+            char * rmt_device_name = apir_device_get_name(gpu);
+            if (!rmt_device_name) {
+                GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to get the virtgpu device name", __func__);
+            }
+
+            size_t device_name_len       = strlen(rmt_device_name) + 11;  // "[virtgpu] " + null terminator
+            gpu->cached_device_info.name = (char *) malloc(device_name_len);
+            if (!gpu->cached_device_info.name) {
+                free(rmt_device_name);
+                GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to allocate memory for prefixed device name", __func__);
+            }
+            snprintf(gpu->cached_device_info.name, device_name_len, "[virtgpu] %s", rmt_device_name);
+            free(rmt_device_name);
+        }
+
+        apir_device_get_memory(gpu, &gpu->cached_device_info.memory_free, &gpu->cached_device_info.memory_total);
+
+        apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t buft_host_handle = apir_device_get_buffer_type(gpu);
+        gpu->cached_buffer_type.host_handle             = buft_host_handle;
+        {
+            // Get the remote name and create prefixed version
+            char * rmt_name = apir_buffer_type_get_name(gpu, buft_host_handle);
+            if (!rmt_name) {
+                GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to get the virtgpu buffer type name", __func__);
+            }
+
+            size_t prefixed_len          = strlen(rmt_name) + 11;  // "[virtgpu] " + null terminator
+            gpu->cached_buffer_type.name = (char *) malloc(prefixed_len);
+            if (!gpu->cached_buffer_type.name) {
+                free(rmt_name);
+                GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to allocate memory for prefixed buffer type name", __func__);
+            }
+            snprintf(gpu->cached_buffer_type.name, prefixed_len, "[virtgpu] %s", rmt_name);
+            free(rmt_name);
+        }
+
+        gpu->cached_buffer_type.alignment = apir_buffer_type_get_alignment(gpu, buft_host_handle);
+        gpu->cached_buffer_type.max_size  = apir_buffer_type_get_max_size(gpu, buft_host_handle);
+
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    return gpu;
+}
+
+static int ggml_backend_remoting_get_device_count() {
+    virtgpu * gpu = apir_initialize();
+    if (!gpu) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return gpu->cached_device_info.device_count;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_remoting_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    UNUSED(reg);
+
+    return ggml_backend_remoting_get_device_count();
+}
+
+static std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
+
+ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_remoting_get_device(size_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device < devices.size());
+    return devices[device];
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_reg_init_devices(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    if (devices.size() > 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: already initialized\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    virtgpu * gpu = apir_initialize();
+    if (!gpu) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: apir_initialize failed\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    static std::atomic<bool> initialized = false;
+
+    if (initialized) {
+        return;  // fast track
+    }
+
+    {
+        static std::mutex           mutex;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        if (!initialized) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < ggml_backend_remoting_get_device_count(); i++) {
+                ggml_backend_remoting_device_context * ctx       = new ggml_backend_remoting_device_context;
+                char                                   desc[256] = "ggml-virtgpu API Remoting device";
+
+                ctx->device      = i;
+                ctx->name        = GGML_VIRTGPU_NAME + std::to_string(i);
+                ctx->description = desc;
+                ctx->gpu         = gpu;
+
+                ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device{
+                    /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_remoting_device_interface,
+                    /* .reg     = */ reg,
+                    /* .context = */ ctx,
+                };
+                devices.push_back(dev);
+            }
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_remoting_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t device) {
+    UNUSED(reg);
+
+    return ggml_backend_remoting_get_device(device);
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_remoting_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    UNUSED(reg);
+
+    return GGML_VIRTGPU_NAME;
+}
+
+static const ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_remoting_reg_i = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_remoting_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_remoting_reg_get_device_count,
+    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_remoting_reg_get_device,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ NULL,
+};
+
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_virtgpu_reg() {
+    virtgpu * gpu = apir_initialize();
+    if (!gpu) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: virtgpu_apir_initialize failed\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    static ggml_backend_reg reg = {
+        /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+        /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_remoting_reg_i,
+        /* .context     = */ gpu,
+    };
+
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    if (initialized) {
+        return &reg;
+    }
+    initialized = true;
+
+    ggml_backend_remoting_reg_init_devices(&reg);
+
+    return &reg;
+}
+
+// public function, not exposed in the GGML interface at the moment
+void ggml_virtgpu_cleanup(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    if (gpu->cached_device_info.name) {
+        free(gpu->cached_device_info.name);
+        gpu->cached_device_info.name = NULL;
+    }
+    if (gpu->cached_device_info.description) {
+        free(gpu->cached_device_info.description);
+        gpu->cached_device_info.description = NULL;
+    }
+    if (gpu->cached_buffer_type.name) {
+        free(gpu->cached_buffer_type.name);
+        gpu->cached_buffer_type.name = NULL;
+    }
+
+    mtx_destroy(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex);
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_virtgpu_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a63ee2b9d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-backend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "../../include/ggml-virtgpu.h"
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_remoting_get_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    UNUSED(backend);
+
+    return "API Remoting backend";
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    delete backend;
+}
+
+static ggml_status ggml_backend_remoting_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(backend->device);
+
+    return apir_backend_graph_compute(gpu, cgraph);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_remoting_graph_optimize(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    virtgpu * gpu = DEV_TO_GPU(backend->device);
+#if true
+    UNUSED(gpu);
+    UNUSED(cgraph);
+#else
+    // not working yet
+
+    apir_backend_graph_optimize(gpu, cgraph);
+#endif
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_remoting_interface = {
+    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_remoting_get_name,
+    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_remoting_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_remoting_set_tensor_async,
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_remoting_get_tensor_async,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_remoting_cpy_tensor_async,
+    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_remoting_synchronize,
+    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_remoting_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ ggml_backend_remoting_graph_optimize,
+};
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_remoting_guid() {
+    static ggml_guid guid = { 0xb8, 0xf7, 0x4f, 0x86, 0x14, 0x03, 0x86, 0x02,
+                              0x91, 0xc8, 0xdd, 0xe9, 0x02, 0x3f, 0xc0, 0x2b };
+
+    return &guid;
+}
+
+ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_remoting_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    UNUSED(params);
+
+    ggml_backend_remoting_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_remoting_device_context *) dev->context;
+
+    ggml_backend_t remoting_backend = new ggml_backend{
+        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_remoting_guid(),
+        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_remoting_interface,
+        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_virtgpu_reg(), ctx->device),
+        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+    };
+
+    return remoting_backend;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-remoting.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-remoting.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4f70326bee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggml-remoting.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "virtgpu.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#define GGML_VIRTGPU_NAME "ggml-virtgpu"
+#define GGML_VIRTGPU      "ggml-virtgpu: "
+
+// USE_ALWAYS_TRUE_SUPPORTS_OP: 1 is fast, 0 avoid micro-benchmark crashes
+
+#define USE_ALWAYS_TRUE_SUPPORTS_OP 1
+#define USE_METAL_GUEST_SUPPORTS_OP 0
+
+#define DEV_TO_GPU(name) ((ggml_backend_remoting_device_context *) (name)->context)->gpu
+
+#define BUFFER_TO_GGML_CONTEXT(name) ((ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context *) (name)->context)
+
+#define BUFFER_TO_APIR_CONTEXT(name) &((ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context *) (name)->context)->apir_context
+
+#define BUFFER_TO_HOST_HANDLE(name) ((ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context *) (name)->context)->apir_context.host_handle
+
+#define GET_DEVICE_CONTEXT() (ggml_backend_remoting_device_context *) ggml_backend_remoting_get_device(0)->context
+
+#define BUFT_TO_GPU(name) ((ggml_backend_remoting_device_context *) (name)->device->context)->gpu
+
+struct ggml_backend_remoting_device_context {
+    size_t      device;
+    std::string name;
+    std::string description;
+
+    std::vector<std::tuple<void *, size_t, virtgpu_shmem *>> shared_memory;
+
+    virtgpu * gpu;
+};
+
+struct ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_context {
+    apir_buffer_context_t apir_context;
+
+    virtgpu * gpu;
+
+    void * base;
+
+    bool is_from_ptr;
+};
+
+extern const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_type_interface;
+extern const ggml_backend_device_i      ggml_backend_remoting_device_interface;
+extern const ggml_backend_buffer_i      ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_interface;
+extern const ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_from_ptr_type_interface;
+extern const ggml_backend_buffer_i      ggml_backend_remoting_buffer_from_ptr_interface;
+
+ggml_backend_dev_t         ggml_backend_remoting_get_device(size_t device);
+ggml_backend_t             ggml_backend_remoting_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params);
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_remoting_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev);
+
+static inline apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t ggml_buffer_type_to_apir_handle(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    // in the backend, the buffer handle is the buffer pointer
+    return (apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t) buft->context;
+}
+
+static inline apir_buffer_host_handle_t ggml_buffer_to_apir_handle(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    if (!buffer->context) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: no context available :/", __func__);
+    }
+    return BUFFER_TO_HOST_HANDLE(buffer);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggmlremoting_functions.yaml b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggmlremoting_functions.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..14ef2433e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/ggmlremoting_functions.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# YAML schema for GGML remoting API functions
+# This defines the structure for generating the remoting layer code
+
+# Configuration for the generated files
+config:
+  # Base path for the generated files
+  base_path: "ggml/src"
+
+  # Header files to update
+  files:
+    apir_backend_header: "ggml-virtgpu-apir/backend/shared/apir_backend.gen.h"
+    backend_dispatched_header: "ggml-virtgpu-apir/backend/backend-dispatched.gen.h"
+    virtgpu_forward_header: "ggml-virtgpu-apir/virtgpu-forward.gen.h"
+
+# Simplified function definitions with grouping and metadata combined
+functions:
+  device:
+    group_description: "device"
+    functions:
+      get_device_count:
+        # No specific metadata - uses default void return and base params
+
+      get_count:
+        frontend_return: "int"
+
+      get_name:
+        frontend_return: "char *"
+
+      get_description:
+        frontend_return: "char *"
+
+      get_type:
+        frontend_return: "uint32_t"
+
+      get_memory:
+        frontend_return: "void"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "size_t *free"
+        - "size_t *total"
+
+      supports_op:
+        frontend_return: "bool"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "const ggml_tensor *op"
+
+      get_buffer_type:
+        frontend_return: "apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t"
+
+      get_props:
+        frontend_return: "void"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "bool *async"
+        - "bool *host_buffer"
+        - "bool *buffer_from_host_ptr"
+        - "bool *events"
+
+      buffer_from_ptr:
+        frontend_return: "apir_buffer_context_t"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "size_t size"
+        - "size_t max_tensor_size"
+
+  buffer_type:
+    group_description: "buffer-type"
+    functions:
+      get_name:
+        frontend_return: "char *"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle"
+
+      get_alignment:
+        frontend_return: "size_t"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle"
+
+      get_max_size:
+        frontend_return: "size_t"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle"
+
+      is_host:
+        deprecated: true
+
+      alloc_buffer:
+        frontend_return: "apir_buffer_context_t"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle"
+        - "size_t size"
+
+      get_alloc_size:
+        frontend_return: "size_t"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle"
+        - "const ggml_tensor *op"
+
+  buffer:
+    group_description: "buffer"
+    functions:
+      get_base:
+        frontend_return: "void *"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_context_t *buffer_context"
+
+      set_tensor:
+        frontend_return: "void"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_context_t *buffer_context"
+        - "ggml_tensor *tensor"
+        - "const void *data"
+        - "size_t offset"
+        - "size_t size"
+
+      get_tensor:
+        frontend_return: "void"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_context_t *buffer_context"
+        - "const ggml_tensor *tensor"
+        - "void *data"
+        - "size_t offset"
+        - "size_t size"
+
+      cpy_tensor:
+        frontend_return: "bool"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_context_t *buffer_context"
+        - "const ggml_tensor *src"
+        - "const ggml_tensor *dst"
+
+      clear:
+        frontend_return: "void"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_context_t *buffer_context"
+        - "uint8_t value"
+
+      free_buffer:
+        frontend_return: "void"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "apir_buffer_context_t *buffer_context"
+
+  backend:
+    group_description: "backend"
+    functions:
+      graph_compute:
+        frontend_return: "ggml_status"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "ggml_cgraph *cgraph"
+
+      graph_optimize:
+        frontend_return: "ggml_cgraph *"
+        frontend_extra_params:
+        - "ggml_cgraph *cgraph"
+        enabled: false
+
+# Naming patterns used for code generation
+naming_patterns:
+  # How to generate enum names
+  enum_prefix: "APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_"
+
+  # How to generate backend function names
+  backend_function_prefix: "backend_"
+
+  # How to generate frontend function names
+  frontend_function_prefix: "apir_"
+
+  # Standard frontend first parameter
+  frontend_base_param: "struct virtgpu *gpu"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/include/apir_hw.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/include/apir_hw.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d6ea2265db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/include/apir_hw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+struct virgl_renderer_capset_apir {
+    uint32_t apir_version;
+    uint32_t supports_blob_resources;
+    uint32_t reserved[4];  // For future expansion
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/regenerate_remoting.py b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/regenerate_remoting.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..dae75fd1c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/regenerate_remoting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+# Generated by Claude AI
+
+Script to completely regenerate the GGML remoting codebase from YAML configuration.
+
+This script reads api_functions.yaml and regenerates all the header files and
+implementation templates for the GGML remoting layer.
+
+Usage:
+  python regenerate_remoting.py
+
+The script will:
+1. Read ggmlremoting_functions.yaml configuration
+2. Generate updated header files
+3. Generate implementation templates in dedicated files
+4. Show a summary of what was generated
+"""
+
+import yaml
+from typing import Dict, List, Any
+from pathlib import Path
+import os
+import subprocess
+import shutil
+import logging
+
+NL = '\n' # can't have f"{'\n'}" in f-strings
+
+
+class RemotingCodebaseGenerator:
+    def __init__(self, yaml_path: str = "ggmlremoting_functions.yaml"):
+        """Initialize the generator with the YAML configuration."""
+        self.yaml_path = yaml_path
+
+        if not Path(yaml_path).exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Configuration file {yaml_path} not found")
+
+        with open(yaml_path, 'r') as f:
+            self.config = yaml.safe_load(f)
+
+        self.functions = self.config['functions']
+        self.naming_patterns = self.config['naming_patterns']
+        self.config_data = self.config['config']
+
+        # Check if clang-format is available
+        self.clang_format_available = self._check_clang_format_available()
+
+    def _check_clang_format_available(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if clang-format is available in the system PATH."""
+        return shutil.which("clang-format") is not None
+
+    def _format_file_with_clang_format(self, file_path: Path) -> bool:
+        """Format a file with clang-format -i. Returns True if successful, False otherwise."""
+        if not self.clang_format_available:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(
+                ["clang-format", "-i", str(file_path)],
+                check=True,
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True
+            )
+            return True
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            logging.exception(f"   ⚠️  clang-format failed for {file_path}")
+            return False
+        except Exception as e:
+            logging.exception(f"   ⚠️  Unexpected error formatting {file_path}: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    def generate_enum_name(self, group_name: str, function_name: str) -> str:
+        """Generate the APIR_COMMAND_TYPE enum name for a function."""
+        prefix = self.naming_patterns['enum_prefix']
+        return f"{prefix}{group_name.upper()}_{function_name.upper()}"
+
+    def generate_backend_function_name(self, group_name: str, function_name: str) -> str:
+        """Generate the backend function name."""
+        function_key = f"{group_name}_{function_name}"
+        overrides = self.naming_patterns.get('backend_function_overrides', {})
+
+        if function_key in overrides:
+            return overrides[function_key]
+
+        prefix = self.naming_patterns['backend_function_prefix']
+        return f"{prefix}{group_name}_{function_name}"
+
+    def generate_frontend_function_name(self, group_name: str, function_name: str) -> str:
+        """Generate the frontend function name."""
+        prefix = self.naming_patterns['frontend_function_prefix']
+        return f"{prefix}{group_name}_{function_name}"
+
+    def get_enabled_functions(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get all enabled functions with their metadata."""
+        functions = []
+        enum_value = 0
+
+        for group_name, group_data in self.functions.items():
+            group_description = group_data['group_description']
+
+            for function_name, func_metadata in group_data['functions'].items():
+                # Handle case where func_metadata is None or empty (functions with only comments)
+                if func_metadata is None:
+                    func_metadata = {}
+
+                # Functions are enabled by default unless explicitly disabled
+                if func_metadata.get('enabled', True):
+                    functions.append({
+                        'group_name': group_name,
+                        'function_name': function_name,
+                        'enum_name': self.generate_enum_name(group_name, function_name),
+                        'enum_value': enum_value,
+                        'backend_function': self.generate_backend_function_name(group_name, function_name),
+                        'frontend_function': self.generate_frontend_function_name(group_name, function_name),
+                        'frontend_return': func_metadata.get('frontend_return', 'void'),
+                        'frontend_extra_params': func_metadata.get('frontend_extra_params', []),
+                        'group_description': group_description,
+                        'deprecated': func_metadata.get('deprecated', False),
+                    })
+                    enum_value += 1
+
+        return functions
+
+    def generate_apir_backend_header(self) -> str:
+        """Generate the complete apir_backend.h file."""
+        functions = self.get_enabled_functions()
+
+        # Generate the enum section
+        enum_lines = ["typedef enum ApirBackendCommandType {"]
+        current_group = None
+
+        for func in functions:
+            # Add comment for new group
+            if func['group_name'] != current_group:
+                enum_lines.append("")
+                enum_lines.append(f"  /* {func['group_description']} */")
+                current_group = func['group_name']
+
+            enum_lines.append(f"  {func['enum_name']} = {func['enum_value']},")
+
+        # Add the count
+        total_count = len(functions)
+        enum_lines.append("\n  // last command_type index + 1")
+        enum_lines.append(f"  APIR_BACKEND_DISPATCH_TABLE_COUNT = {total_count},")
+        enum_lines.append("} ApirBackendCommandType;")
+
+        # Generate function name mapping
+        func_lines = []
+        func_lines.append("static inline const char * apir_dispatch_command_name(ApirBackendCommandType type) {")
+        func_lines.append("    switch (type) {")
+
+        current_group = None
+        for func in functions:
+            # Add comment for new group
+            if func['group_name'] != current_group:
+                func_lines.append(f"        /* {func['group_description']} */")
+                current_group = func['group_name']
+
+            # Generate clean function name without backend_ prefix
+            clean_name = f"{func['group_name']}_{func['function_name']}"
+            func_lines.append(f"        case {func['enum_name']}:")
+            func_lines.append(f"            return \"{clean_name}\";")
+
+        func_lines.append("")
+        func_lines.append("        default:")
+        func_lines.append("            return \"unknown\";")
+        func_lines.append("    }")
+        func_lines.append("}")
+
+        # Full header template
+        header_content = NL.join(enum_lines) + "\n\n" + NL.join(func_lines) + "\n"
+
+        return header_content
+
+    def generate_backend_dispatched_header(self) -> str:
+        """Generate the complete backend-dispatched.h file."""
+        functions = self.get_enabled_functions()
+
+        # Function declarations
+        decl_lines = []
+        current_group = None
+
+        for func in functions:
+            if func['group_name'] != current_group:
+                decl_lines.append(f"\n/* {func['group_description']} */")
+                current_group = func['group_name']
+
+            signature = "uint32_t"
+            params = "apir_encoder *enc, apir_decoder *dec, virgl_apir_context *ctx"
+            if func['deprecated']:
+                decl_lines.append(f"/* {func['enum_name']} is deprecated. Keeping the handler for backward compatibility. */")
+
+            decl_lines.append(f"{signature} {func['backend_function']}({params});")
+
+        # Dispatch table
+        table_lines = []
+        current_group = None
+
+        for func in functions:
+            if func['group_name'] != current_group:
+                table_lines.append(f"\n  /* {func['group_description']} */")
+                table_lines.append("")
+                current_group = func['group_name']
+
+            deprecated = " /* DEPRECATED */" if func['deprecated'] else ""
+            table_lines.append(f"  /* {func['enum_name']}  = */ {func['backend_function']}{deprecated},")
+
+        header_content = f'''\
+#pragma once
+
+{NL.join(decl_lines)}
+
+extern "C" {{
+static const backend_dispatch_t apir_backend_dispatch_table[APIR_BACKEND_DISPATCH_TABLE_COUNT] = {{
+  {NL.join(table_lines)}
+}};
+}}
+'''
+        return header_content
+
+    def generate_virtgpu_forward_header(self) -> str:
+        """Generate the complete virtgpu-forward.gen.h file."""
+        functions = self.get_enabled_functions()
+
+        decl_lines = []
+        current_group = None
+
+        for func in functions:
+            if func['group_name'] != current_group:
+                decl_lines.append("")
+                decl_lines.append(f"/* {func['group_description']} */")
+                current_group = func['group_name']
+
+            if func['deprecated']:
+                decl_lines.append(f"/* {func['frontend_function']} is deprecated. */")
+                continue
+
+            # Build parameter list
+            params = [self.naming_patterns['frontend_base_param']]
+            params.extend(func['frontend_extra_params'])
+            param_str = ', '.join(params)
+
+            decl_lines.append(f"{func['frontend_return']} {func['frontend_function']}({param_str});")
+
+        header_content = f'''\
+#pragma once
+{NL.join(decl_lines)}
+'''
+        return header_content
+
+    def regenerate_codebase(self) -> None:
+        """Regenerate the entire remoting codebase."""
+        logging.info("🔄 Regenerating GGML Remoting Codebase...")
+        logging.info("=" * 50)
+
+        # Detect if we're running from frontend directory
+        current_dir = os.getcwd()
+        is_frontend_dir = current_dir.endswith('ggml-virtgpu')
+
+        if is_frontend_dir:
+            # Running from ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu-apir
+            logging.info("📍 Detected frontend directory execution")
+            frontend_base = Path(".")
+        else:
+            # Running from project root (fallback to original behavior)
+            logging.info("📍 Detected project root execution")
+            base_path = self.config_data.get('base_path', 'ggml/src')
+            frontend_base = Path(base_path) / "ggml-virtgpu"
+
+        # Compute final file paths
+        backend_base = frontend_base / "backend"
+        apir_backend_path = backend_base / "shared" / "apir_backend.gen.h"
+        backend_dispatched_path = backend_base / "backend-dispatched.gen.h"
+        virtgpu_forward_path = frontend_base / "virtgpu-forward.gen.h"
+
+        # Create output directories for each file
+        apir_backend_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        backend_dispatched_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        virtgpu_forward_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Generate header files
+        logging.info("📁 Generating header files...")
+
+        apir_backend_content = self.generate_apir_backend_header()
+        apir_backend_path.write_text(apir_backend_content)
+        logging.info(f"   ✅ {apir_backend_path.resolve()}")
+
+        backend_dispatched_content = self.generate_backend_dispatched_header()
+        backend_dispatched_path.write_text(backend_dispatched_content)
+        logging.info(f"   ✅ {backend_dispatched_path.resolve()}")
+
+        virtgpu_forward_content = self.generate_virtgpu_forward_header()
+        virtgpu_forward_path.write_text(virtgpu_forward_content)
+        logging.info(f"   ✅ {virtgpu_forward_path.resolve()}")
+
+        # Format generated files with clang-format
+        generated_files = [apir_backend_path, backend_dispatched_path, virtgpu_forward_path]
+
+        if not self.clang_format_available:
+            logging.warning("\n⚠️clang-format not found in PATH. Generated files will not be formatted.\n"
+                            "   Install clang-format to enable automatic code formatting.")
+        else:
+            logging.info("\n🎨 Formatting files with clang-format...")
+            for file_path in generated_files:
+                if self._format_file_with_clang_format(file_path):
+                    logging.info(f"   ✅ Formatted {file_path.name}")
+                else:
+                    logging.warning(f"   ❌ Failed to format {file_path.name}")
+
+        # Generate summary
+        functions = self.get_enabled_functions()
+        total_functions = len(functions)
+
+        logging.info("\n📊 Generation Summary:")
+        logging.info("=" * 50)
+        logging.info(f"   Total functions: {total_functions}")
+        logging.info(f"   Function groups: {len(self.functions)}")
+        logging.info("   Header files: 3")
+        logging.info(f"   Working directory: {current_dir}")
+
+
+def main():
+    try:
+        generator = RemotingCodebaseGenerator()
+        generator.regenerate_codebase()
+    except Exception as e:
+        logging.exception(f"❌ Error: {e}")
+        exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-apir.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-apir.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..238f960acd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-apir.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include "backend/shared/apir_backend.h"
+#include "ggml-alloc.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "virtgpu-shm.h"
+#include "virtgpu-utils.h"
+
+struct apir_buffer_context_t {
+    apir_buffer_host_handle_t host_handle;
+
+    struct virtgpu_shmem           shmem;
+    apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t buft_host_handle;
+};
+
+#include "virtgpu-forward.gen.h"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-backend.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-backend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4593690c638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-backend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include "virtgpu-forward-impl.h"
+
+static long long current_time_ms() {
+    timespec ts;
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);  // Use CLOCK_MONOTONIC for elapsed time
+    return (long long) ts.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + ts.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+ggml_status apir_backend_graph_compute(virtgpu * gpu, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BACKEND_GRAPH_COMPUTE);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> cgraph_data;
+    size_t               cgraph_size = apir_serialize_ggml_cgraph(cgraph, cgraph_data);
+
+    virtgpu_shmem   temp_shmem;  // Local storage for large buffers
+    virtgpu_shmem * shmem              = &temp_shmem;
+    bool            using_shared_shmem = false;
+
+    if (cgraph_size <= gpu->data_shmem.mmap_size) {
+        // Lock mutex before using shared data_shmem buffer
+        if (mtx_lock(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex) != thrd_success) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Failed to lock data_shmem mutex", __func__);
+        }
+        using_shared_shmem = true;
+        shmem              = &gpu->data_shmem;
+    } else if (virtgpu_shmem_create(gpu, cgraph_size, shmem)) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Couldn't allocate the guest-host shared buffer", __func__);
+    }
+
+    apir_encode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(encoder, shmem->res_id);
+
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &cgraph_size);
+
+    char *       shmem_data    = (char *) shmem->mmap_ptr;
+    apir_encoder secondary_enc = apir_new_encoder(shmem_data, cgraph_size);
+
+    apir_encode_cgraph_data(&secondary_enc, cgraph_data);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    ggml_status status = GGML_STATUS_ABORTED;
+    apir_decode_ggml_status(decoder, &status);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    // Unlock mutex before cleanup
+    if (using_shared_shmem) {
+        mtx_unlock(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex);
+    } else {
+        virtgpu_shmem_destroy(gpu, shmem);
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-buffer-type.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-buffer-type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38f8ec945e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-buffer-type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "virtgpu-forward-impl.h"
+
+char * apir_buffer_type_get_name(virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_NAME);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(encoder, host_handle);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    const size_t string_size = apir_decode_array_size_unchecked(decoder);
+    char *       string      = (char *) apir_decoder_alloc_array(sizeof(char), string_size);
+    if (!string) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Could not allocate the device name buffer\n", __func__);
+        apir_decoder_set_fatal(decoder);
+    }
+    apir_decode_char_array(decoder, string, string_size);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return string;
+}
+
+size_t apir_buffer_type_get_alignment(virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALIGNMENT);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(encoder, host_handle);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    size_t alignment;
+    apir_decode_size_t(decoder, &alignment);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return alignment;
+}
+
+size_t apir_buffer_type_get_max_size(virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_MAX_SIZE);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(encoder, host_handle);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    size_t max_size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(decoder, &max_size);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return max_size;
+}
+
+apir_buffer_context_t apir_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(virtgpu *                      gpu,
+                                                    apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle,
+                                                    size_t                         size) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    apir_buffer_context_t buffer_context;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_ALLOC_BUFFER);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(encoder, host_handle);
+
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &size);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    apir_decode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(decoder, &buffer_context.host_handle);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return buffer_context;
+}
+
+size_t apir_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(virtgpu *                      gpu,
+                                       apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle,
+                                       const ggml_tensor *            op) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_TYPE_GET_ALLOC_SIZE);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(encoder, host_handle);
+
+    apir_encode_ggml_tensor_inline(encoder, op);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    size_t alloc_size;
+    apir_decode_size_t(decoder, &alloc_size);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return alloc_size;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-buffer.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-buffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..228284f4a42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-buffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#include "virtgpu-forward-impl.h"
+
+void * apir_buffer_get_base(virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_BASE);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(encoder, &buffer_context->host_handle);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    uintptr_t base;
+    apir_decode_uintptr_t(decoder, &base);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return (void *) base;
+}
+
+void apir_buffer_set_tensor(virtgpu *               gpu,
+                            apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context,
+                            ggml_tensor *           tensor,
+                            const void *            data,
+                            size_t                  offset,
+                            size_t                  size) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_SET_TENSOR);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(encoder, &buffer_context->host_handle);
+    apir_encode_ggml_tensor(encoder, tensor);
+
+    virtgpu_shmem   temp_shmem;  // Local storage for large buffers
+    virtgpu_shmem * shmem              = &temp_shmem;
+    bool            using_shared_shmem = false;
+
+    if (size <= gpu->data_shmem.mmap_size) {
+        // Lock mutex before using shared data_shmem buffer
+        if (mtx_lock(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex) != thrd_success) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Failed to lock data_shmem mutex", __func__);
+        }
+        using_shared_shmem = true;
+        shmem              = &gpu->data_shmem;
+
+    } else if (virtgpu_shmem_create(gpu, size, shmem)) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Couldn't allocate the guest-host shared buffer", __func__);
+    }
+
+    memcpy(shmem->mmap_ptr, data, size);
+    apir_encode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(encoder, shmem->res_id);
+
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &offset);
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &size);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    // Unlock mutex before cleanup
+    if (using_shared_shmem) {
+        mtx_unlock(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex);
+    } else {
+        virtgpu_shmem_destroy(gpu, shmem);
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+void apir_buffer_get_tensor(virtgpu *               gpu,
+                            apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context,
+                            const ggml_tensor *     tensor,
+                            void *                  data,
+                            size_t                  offset,
+                            size_t                  size) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_GET_TENSOR);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(encoder, &buffer_context->host_handle);
+    apir_encode_ggml_tensor(encoder, tensor);
+
+    virtgpu_shmem   temp_shmem;  // Local storage for large buffers
+    virtgpu_shmem * shmem              = &temp_shmem;
+    bool            using_shared_shmem = false;
+
+    if (size <= gpu->data_shmem.mmap_size) {
+        // Lock mutex before using shared data_shmem buffer
+        if (mtx_lock(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex) != thrd_success) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Failed to lock data_shmem mutex", __func__);
+        }
+        using_shared_shmem = true;
+        shmem              = &gpu->data_shmem;
+
+    } else if (virtgpu_shmem_create(gpu, size, shmem)) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Couldn't allocate the guest-host shared buffer", __func__);
+    }
+
+    apir_encode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(encoder, shmem->res_id);
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &offset);
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &size);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    memcpy(data, shmem->mmap_ptr, size);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    // Unlock mutex before cleanup
+    if (using_shared_shmem) {
+        mtx_unlock(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex);
+    } else {
+        virtgpu_shmem_destroy(gpu, shmem);
+    }
+}
+
+bool apir_buffer_cpy_tensor(virtgpu *               gpu,
+                            apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context,
+                            const ggml_tensor *     src,
+                            const ggml_tensor *     dst) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CPY_TENSOR);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(encoder, &buffer_context->host_handle);
+    apir_encode_ggml_tensor(encoder, src);
+    apir_encode_ggml_tensor(encoder, dst);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    bool ret_val;
+    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, &ret_val);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return ret_val;
+}
+
+void apir_buffer_clear(virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context, uint8_t value) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_CLEAR);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(encoder, &buffer_context->host_handle);
+    apir_encode_uint8_t(encoder, &value);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+}
+
+void apir_buffer_free_buffer(virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_BUFFER_FREE_BUFFER);
+
+    apir_encode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(encoder, &buffer_context->host_handle);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-device.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f513c138dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#include "virtgpu-forward-impl.h"
+#include "virtgpu-shm.h"
+
+int apir_device_get_count(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_COUNT);
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    int32_t dev_count = -1;
+    apir_decode_int32_t(decoder, &dev_count);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return dev_count;
+}
+
+char * apir_device_get_name(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_NAME);
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    const size_t string_size = apir_decode_array_size_unchecked(decoder);
+    char *       string      = (char *) apir_decoder_alloc_array(sizeof(char), string_size);
+    if (!string) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Could not allocate the device name buffer\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    apir_decode_char_array(decoder, string, string_size);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return string;
+}
+
+char * apir_device_get_description(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_DESCRIPTION);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    const size_t string_size = apir_decode_array_size_unchecked(decoder);
+    char *       string      = (char *) apir_decoder_alloc_array(sizeof(char), string_size);
+    if (!string) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Could not allocate the device description buffer\n", __func__);
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    apir_decode_char_array(decoder, string, string_size);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return string;
+}
+
+uint32_t apir_device_get_type(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    static uint32_t dev_type = 255;
+    if (dev_type != 255) {
+        return dev_type;
+    }
+
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_TYPE);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    apir_decode_uint32_t(decoder, &dev_type);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return dev_type;
+}
+
+void apir_device_get_memory(virtgpu * gpu, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    static size_t         dev_free  = 0;
+    static size_t         dev_total = 0;
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_MEMORY);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    apir_decode_size_t(decoder, &dev_free);
+    apir_decode_size_t(decoder, &dev_total);
+
+    *free  = dev_free;
+    *total = dev_total;
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return;
+}
+
+bool apir_device_supports_op(virtgpu * gpu, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_SUPPORTS_OP);
+
+    apir_encode_ggml_tensor_inline(encoder, op);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    bool supports_op;
+    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, &supports_op);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return supports_op;
+}
+
+apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t apir_device_get_buffer_type(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_BUFFER_TYPE);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t buft_handle;
+    apir_decode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t(decoder, &buft_handle);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return buft_handle;
+}
+
+void apir_device_get_props(virtgpu * gpu,
+                           bool *    async,
+                           bool *    host_buffer,
+                           bool *    buffer_from_host_ptr,
+                           bool *    events) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_GET_PROPS);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, async);
+    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, host_buffer);
+    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, buffer_from_host_ptr);
+    apir_decode_bool_t(decoder, events);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return;
+}
+
+apir_buffer_context_t apir_device_buffer_from_ptr(virtgpu * gpu, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    apir_encoder *        encoder;
+    apir_decoder *        decoder;
+    ApirForwardReturnCode ret;
+
+    apir_buffer_context_t buffer_context;
+
+    REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu, encoder, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_FROM_PTR);
+
+    if (virtgpu_shmem_create(gpu, size, &buffer_context.shmem)) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Couldn't allocate %ldb of guest-host shared buffer", __func__, size);
+    }
+
+    apir_encode_virtgpu_shmem_res_id(encoder, buffer_context.shmem.res_id);
+
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &size);
+    apir_encode_size_t(encoder, &max_tensor_size);
+
+    REMOTE_CALL(gpu, encoder, decoder, ret);
+
+    apir_decode_apir_buffer_host_handle_t(decoder, &buffer_context.host_handle);
+    buffer_context.buft_host_handle = apir_decode_apir_buffer_type_host_handle(decoder);
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    return buffer_context;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-impl.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d0b6e05c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward-impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// clang-format off
+#include "virtgpu.h"
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+#include "backend/shared/apir_backend.h"
+#include "backend/shared/apir_cs_ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+// clang-format on
+
+#define REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE(gpu_dev_name, encoder_name, apir_command_type__)                                           \
+    int32_t      REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE_forward_flag = (int32_t) apir_command_type__;                                     \
+    const char * REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE_command_name = apir_dispatch_command_name(apir_command_type__);                   \
+    do {                                                                                                               \
+        encoder_name = remote_call_prepare(gpu_dev_name, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_FORWARD, REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE_forward_flag); \
+        if (!encoder_name) {                                                                                           \
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to prepare the remote call encoder", __func__);                        \
+        }                                                                                                              \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define REMOTE_CALL(gpu_dev_name, encoder_name, decoder_name, ret_name)                                     \
+    do {                                                                                                    \
+        ret_name = (ApirForwardReturnCode) remote_call(gpu_dev_name, encoder_name, &decoder_name, 0, NULL); \
+        if (!decoder_name) {                                                                                \
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to kick the remote call", __func__);                        \
+        }                                                                                                   \
+        if (ret_name < APIR_FORWARD_BASE_INDEX) {                                                           \
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to forward the API call: %s: code %d", __func__,            \
+                       apir_forward_error(ret_name), ret_name);                                             \
+        }                                                                                                   \
+        ret_name = (ApirForwardReturnCode) (ret_name - APIR_FORWARD_BASE_INDEX);                            \
+        if (ret_name != 0) {                                                                                \
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "backend function '%s' failed (return code: %d)",                       \
+                       REMOTE_CALL_PREPARE_command_name, ret_name);                                         \
+        }                                                                                                   \
+    } while (0)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward.gen.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward.gen.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44b0ad1ffa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-forward.gen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/* device */
+void                           apir_device_get_device_count(struct virtgpu * gpu);
+int                            apir_device_get_count(struct virtgpu * gpu);
+char *                         apir_device_get_name(struct virtgpu * gpu);
+char *                         apir_device_get_description(struct virtgpu * gpu);
+uint32_t                       apir_device_get_type(struct virtgpu * gpu);
+void                           apir_device_get_memory(struct virtgpu * gpu, size_t * free, size_t * total);
+bool                           apir_device_supports_op(struct virtgpu * gpu, const ggml_tensor * op);
+apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t apir_device_get_buffer_type(struct virtgpu * gpu);
+void                           apir_device_get_props(struct virtgpu * gpu,
+                                                     bool *           async,
+                                                     bool *           host_buffer,
+                                                     bool *           buffer_from_host_ptr,
+                                                     bool *           events);
+apir_buffer_context_t          apir_device_buffer_from_ptr(struct virtgpu * gpu, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size);
+
+/* buffer-type */
+char *                apir_buffer_type_get_name(struct virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle);
+size_t                apir_buffer_type_get_alignment(struct virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle);
+size_t                apir_buffer_type_get_max_size(struct virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle);
+/* apir_buffer_type_is_host is deprecated. */
+apir_buffer_context_t apir_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(struct virtgpu *               gpu,
+                                                    apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle,
+                                                    size_t                         size);
+size_t                apir_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(struct virtgpu *               gpu,
+                                                      apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle,
+                                                      const ggml_tensor *            op);
+
+/* buffer */
+void * apir_buffer_get_base(struct virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context);
+void   apir_buffer_set_tensor(struct virtgpu *        gpu,
+                              apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context,
+                              ggml_tensor *           tensor,
+                              const void *            data,
+                              size_t                  offset,
+                              size_t                  size);
+void   apir_buffer_get_tensor(struct virtgpu *        gpu,
+                              apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context,
+                              const ggml_tensor *     tensor,
+                              void *                  data,
+                              size_t                  offset,
+                              size_t                  size);
+bool   apir_buffer_cpy_tensor(struct virtgpu *        gpu,
+                              apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context,
+                              const ggml_tensor *     src,
+                              const ggml_tensor *     dst);
+void   apir_buffer_clear(struct virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context, uint8_t value);
+void   apir_buffer_free_buffer(struct virtgpu * gpu, apir_buffer_context_t * buffer_context);
+
+/* backend */
+ggml_status apir_backend_graph_compute(struct virtgpu * gpu, ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-shm.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-shm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce6b3b3e607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-shm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include "virtgpu-shm.h"
+
+#include "virtgpu.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+static uint32_t virtgpu_ioctl_resource_create_blob(virtgpu *  gpu,
+                                                   uint32_t   blob_mem,
+                                                   uint32_t   blob_flags,
+                                                   size_t     blob_size,
+                                                   uint64_t   blob_id,
+                                                   uint32_t * res_id) {
+#ifdef SIMULATE_BO_SIZE_FIX
+    blob_size = align64(blob_size, 4096);
+#endif
+
+    drm_virtgpu_resource_create_blob args = {
+        .blob_mem   = blob_mem,
+        .blob_flags = blob_flags,
+        .bo_handle  = 0,
+        .res_handle = 0,
+        .size       = blob_size,
+        .pad        = 0,
+        .cmd_size   = 0,
+        .cmd        = 0,
+        .blob_id    = blob_id,
+    };
+
+    if (virtgpu_ioctl(gpu, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB, &args)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    *res_id = args.res_handle;
+    return args.bo_handle;
+}
+
+static void virtgpu_ioctl_gem_close(virtgpu * gpu, uint32_t gem_handle) {
+    drm_gem_close args = {
+        .handle = gem_handle,
+        .pad    = 0,
+    };
+
+    const int ret = virtgpu_ioctl(gpu, DRM_IOCTL_GEM_CLOSE, &args);
+    assert(!ret);
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+    UNUSED(ret);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void * virtgpu_ioctl_map(virtgpu * gpu, uint32_t gem_handle, size_t size) {
+    drm_virtgpu_map args = {
+        .offset = 0,
+        .handle = gem_handle,
+        .pad    = 0,
+    };
+
+    if (virtgpu_ioctl(gpu, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_MAP, &args)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    void * ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, gpu->fd, args.offset);
+    if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+void virtgpu_shmem_destroy(virtgpu * gpu, virtgpu_shmem * shmem) {
+    munmap(shmem->mmap_ptr, shmem->mmap_size);
+    virtgpu_ioctl_gem_close(gpu, shmem->gem_handle);
+}
+
+int virtgpu_shmem_create(virtgpu * gpu, size_t size, virtgpu_shmem * shmem) {
+    size = align64(size, 16384);
+
+    uint32_t res_id;
+    uint32_t gem_handle = virtgpu_ioctl_resource_create_blob(gpu, VIRTGPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D,
+                                                             VIRTGPU_BLOB_FLAG_USE_MAPPABLE, size, 0, &res_id);
+
+    if (!gem_handle) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    void * ptr = virtgpu_ioctl_map(gpu, gem_handle, size);
+    if (!ptr) {
+        virtgpu_ioctl_gem_close(gpu, gem_handle);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: virtgpu_ioctl_map failed\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    shmem->res_id     = res_id;
+    shmem->mmap_size  = size;
+    shmem->mmap_ptr   = ptr;
+    shmem->gem_handle = gem_handle;
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-shm.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-shm.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..606860a0946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-shm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "virtgpu-utils.h"
+
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+struct virtgpu;
+
+struct virtgpu_shmem {
+    uint32_t res_id;
+    size_t   mmap_size;
+    void *   mmap_ptr;
+
+    uint32_t gem_handle;
+};
+
+int  virtgpu_shmem_create(virtgpu * gpu, size_t size, virtgpu_shmem * shmem);
+void virtgpu_shmem_destroy(virtgpu * gpu, virtgpu_shmem * shmem);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-utils.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8a2805e9902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include "virtgpu-utils.h"
+
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#define NODE_ALLOC_ALIGN 64
+#define NODE_PTR_MASK    (~((uintptr_t) NODE_ALLOC_ALIGN - 1))
+#define NODE_LEVEL_MASK  ((uintptr_t) NODE_ALLOC_ALIGN - 1)
+#define NULL_NODE        0
+
+#define os_malloc_aligned(_size, _align) _aligned_malloc(_size, _align)
+#define os_free_aligned(_ptr)            free(_ptr)
+#define p_atomic_cmpxchg(v, old, _new)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap((v), (old), (_new))
+
+static inline uint64_t util_logbase2_64(uint64_t n) {
+#if defined(HAVE___BUILTIN_CLZLL)
+    return ((sizeof(uint64_t) * 8 - 1) - __builtin_clzll(n | 1));
+#else
+    uint64_t pos = 0ull;
+    if (n >= 1ull << 32) {
+        n >>= 32;
+        pos += 32;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1ull << 16) {
+        n >>= 16;
+        pos += 16;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1ull << 8) {
+        n >>= 8;
+        pos += 8;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1ull << 4) {
+        n >>= 4;
+        pos += 4;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1ull << 2) {
+        n >>= 2;
+        pos += 2;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1ull << 1) {
+        pos += 1;
+    }
+    return pos;
+#endif
+}
+
+void util_sparse_array_init(util_sparse_array * arr, size_t elem_size, size_t node_size) {
+    memset(arr, 0, sizeof(*arr));
+    arr->elem_size      = elem_size;
+    arr->node_size_log2 = util_logbase2_64(node_size);
+    assert(node_size >= 2 && node_size == (1ull << arr->node_size_log2));
+}
+
+static inline void * os_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) {
+    void * ptr;
+    alignment = (alignment + sizeof(void *) - 1) & ~(sizeof(void *) - 1);
+    if (posix_memalign(&ptr, alignment, size) != 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+static inline void * _util_sparse_array_node_data(uintptr_t handle) {
+    return (void *) (handle & NODE_PTR_MASK);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned _util_sparse_array_node_level(uintptr_t handle) {
+    return handle & NODE_LEVEL_MASK;
+}
+
+static inline void _util_sparse_array_node_finish(util_sparse_array * arr, uintptr_t node) {
+    if (_util_sparse_array_node_level(node) > 0) {
+        uintptr_t * children  = (uintptr_t *) _util_sparse_array_node_data(node);
+        size_t      node_size = 1ull << arr->node_size_log2;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < node_size; i++) {
+            if (children[i]) {
+                _util_sparse_array_node_finish(arr, children[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    os_free_aligned(_util_sparse_array_node_data(node));
+}
+
+static inline uintptr_t _util_sparse_array_node(void * data, unsigned level) {
+    assert(data != NULL);
+    assert(((uintptr_t) data & NODE_LEVEL_MASK) == 0);
+    assert((level & NODE_PTR_MASK) == 0);
+    return (uintptr_t) data | level;
+}
+
+inline uintptr_t _util_sparse_array_node_alloc(util_sparse_array * arr, unsigned level) {
+    size_t size;
+    if (level == 0) {
+        size = arr->elem_size << arr->node_size_log2;
+    } else {
+        size = sizeof(uintptr_t) << arr->node_size_log2;
+    }
+
+    void * data = os_malloc_aligned(size, NODE_ALLOC_ALIGN);
+    memset(data, 0, size);
+
+    return _util_sparse_array_node(data, level);
+}
+
+static inline uintptr_t _util_sparse_array_set_or_free_node(uintptr_t * node_ptr, uintptr_t cmp_node, uintptr_t node) {
+    uintptr_t prev_node = p_atomic_cmpxchg(node_ptr, cmp_node, node);
+
+    if (prev_node != cmp_node) {
+        /* We lost the race.  Free this one and return the one that was already
+       * allocated.
+       */
+        os_free_aligned(_util_sparse_array_node_data(node));
+        return prev_node;
+    } else {
+        return node;
+    }
+}
+
+void * util_sparse_array_get(util_sparse_array * arr, uint64_t idx) {
+    const unsigned node_size_log2 = arr->node_size_log2;
+    uintptr_t      root           = p_atomic_read(&arr->root);
+    if (unlikely(!root)) {
+        unsigned root_level = 0;
+        uint64_t idx_iter   = idx >> node_size_log2;
+        while (idx_iter) {
+            idx_iter >>= node_size_log2;
+            root_level++;
+        }
+        uintptr_t new_root = _util_sparse_array_node_alloc(arr, root_level);
+        root               = _util_sparse_array_set_or_free_node(&arr->root, NULL_NODE, new_root);
+    }
+
+    while (1) {
+        unsigned root_level = _util_sparse_array_node_level(root);
+        uint64_t root_idx   = idx >> (root_level * node_size_log2);
+        if (likely(root_idx < (1ull << node_size_log2))) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* In this case, we have a root but its level is low enough that the
+       * requested index is out-of-bounds.
+       */
+        uintptr_t new_root = _util_sparse_array_node_alloc(arr, root_level + 1);
+
+        uintptr_t * new_root_children = (uintptr_t *) _util_sparse_array_node_data(new_root);
+        new_root_children[0]          = root;
+
+        /* We only add one at a time instead of the whole tree because it's
+       * easier to ensure correctness of both the tree building and the
+       * clean-up path.  Because we're only adding one node we never have to
+       * worry about trying to free multiple things without freeing the old
+       * things.
+       */
+        root = _util_sparse_array_set_or_free_node(&arr->root, root, new_root);
+    }
+
+    void *   node_data  = _util_sparse_array_node_data(root);
+    unsigned node_level = _util_sparse_array_node_level(root);
+    while (node_level > 0) {
+        uint64_t child_idx = (idx >> (node_level * node_size_log2)) & ((1ull << node_size_log2) - 1);
+
+        uintptr_t * children = (uintptr_t *) node_data;
+        uintptr_t   child    = p_atomic_read(&children[child_idx]);
+
+        if (unlikely(!child)) {
+            child = _util_sparse_array_node_alloc(arr, node_level - 1);
+            child = _util_sparse_array_set_or_free_node(&children[child_idx], NULL_NODE, child);
+        }
+
+        node_data  = _util_sparse_array_node_data(child);
+        node_level = _util_sparse_array_node_level(child);
+    }
+
+    uint64_t elem_idx = idx & ((1ull << node_size_log2) - 1);
+    return (void *) ((char *) node_data + (elem_idx * arr->elem_size));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-utils.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0036b4e2bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#define likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+
+#ifndef UNUSED
+#    define UNUSED(x) (void) (x)
+#endif
+
+/** Checks is a value is a power of two. Does not handle zero. */
+#define IS_POT(v) (((v) & ((v) - 1)) == 0)
+
+/** Checks is a value is a power of two. Zero handled. */
+#define IS_POT_NONZERO(v) ((v) != 0 && IS_POT(v))
+
+/** Align a value to a power of two */
+#define ALIGN_POT(x, pot_align) (((x) + (pot_align) - 1) & ~((pot_align) - 1))
+
+#define p_atomic_read(_v) __atomic_load_n((_v), __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE)
+
+static inline bool util_is_power_of_two_nonzero64(uint64_t v) {
+    return IS_POT_NONZERO(v);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t align64(uint64_t value, uint64_t alignment) {
+    assert(util_is_power_of_two_nonzero64(alignment));
+    return ALIGN_POT(value, alignment);
+}
+
+struct list_head {
+    list_head * prev;
+    list_head * next;
+};
+
+struct util_sparse_array {
+    size_t   elem_size;
+    unsigned node_size_log2;
+
+    uintptr_t root;
+};
+
+void * util_sparse_array_get(util_sparse_array * arr, uint64_t idx);
+void   util_sparse_array_init(util_sparse_array * arr, size_t elem_size, size_t node_size);
+
+inline void os_time_sleep(int64_t usecs) {
+    timespec time;
+    time.tv_sec  = usecs / 1000000;
+    time.tv_nsec = (usecs % 1000000) * 1000;
+    while (clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, 0, &time, &time) == EINTR)
+        ;
+}
+
+struct timer_data {
+    long long start;
+    long long total;
+    long long count;
+};
+
+static inline void start_timer(timer_data * timer) {
+    timespec ts;
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+    timer->start = (long long) ts.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + ts.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+// returns the duration in ns
+static inline long long stop_timer(timer_data * timer) {
+    timespec ts;
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+    long long timer_end = (long long) ts.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + ts.tv_nsec;
+
+    long long duration = (timer_end - timer->start);
+    timer->total += duration;
+    timer->count += 1;
+
+    return duration;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a84a77399d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+#include "virtgpu.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_open_device(virtgpu * gpu, const drmDevicePtr dev);
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_open(virtgpu * gpu);
+
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_init_capset(virtgpu * gpu);
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_init_context(virtgpu * gpu);
+
+static int      virtgpu_ioctl_context_init(virtgpu * gpu, virgl_renderer_capset capset_id);
+static int      virtgpu_ioctl_get_caps(virtgpu *             gpu,
+                                       virgl_renderer_capset id,
+                                       uint32_t              version,
+                                       void *                capset,
+                                       size_t                capset_size);
+static uint64_t virtgpu_ioctl_getparam(virtgpu * gpu, uint64_t param);
+static void     virtgpu_init_renderer_info(virtgpu * gpu);
+
+static void log_call_duration(long long call_duration_ns, const char * name);
+
+const uint64_t APIR_HANDSHAKE_MAX_WAIT_MS   = 2 * 1000;   // 2s
+const uint64_t APIR_LOADLIBRARY_MAX_WAIT_MS = 60 * 1000;  // 60s
+
+static int virtgpu_handshake(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    apir_encoder * encoder;
+    apir_decoder * decoder;
+
+    encoder = remote_call_prepare(gpu, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_HANDSHAKE, 0);
+    if (!encoder) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to prepare the remote call encoder", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* write handshake props */
+
+    uint32_t guest_major = APIR_PROTOCOL_MAJOR;
+    uint32_t guest_minor = APIR_PROTOCOL_MINOR;
+    apir_encode_uint32_t(encoder, &guest_major);
+    apir_encode_uint32_t(encoder, &guest_minor);
+
+    /* *** */
+
+    uint32_t  ret_magic;
+    long long call_duration_ns;
+    ret_magic = remote_call(gpu, encoder, &decoder, APIR_HANDSHAKE_MAX_WAIT_MS, &call_duration_ns);
+    log_call_duration(call_duration_ns, "API Remoting handshake");
+
+    if (!decoder) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                   "%s: failed to initiate the communication with the virglrenderer library. "
+                   "Most likely, the wrong virglrenderer library was loaded in the hypervisor.",
+                   __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* read handshake return values */
+
+    uint32_t host_major;
+    uint32_t host_minor;
+
+    if (ret_magic != APIR_HANDSHAKE_MAGIC) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: handshake with the virglrenderer failed (code=%d | %s)", __func__, ret_magic,
+                   apir_backend_initialize_error(ret_magic));
+    } else {
+        apir_decode_uint32_t(decoder, &host_major);
+        apir_decode_uint32_t(decoder, &host_minor);
+    }
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    if (ret_magic != APIR_HANDSHAKE_MAGIC) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Guest is running with %u.%u\n", __func__, guest_major, guest_minor);
+    GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Host is running with %u.%u\n", __func__, host_major, host_minor);
+
+    if (guest_major != host_major) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "Host major (%d) and guest major (%d) version differ\n", host_major, guest_major);
+    } else if (guest_minor != host_minor) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN(GGML_VIRTGPU "Host minor (%d) and guest minor (%d) version differ\n", host_minor, guest_minor);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode virtgpu_load_library(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    apir_encoder *            encoder;
+    apir_decoder *            decoder;
+    ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode ret;
+
+    encoder = remote_call_prepare(gpu, APIR_COMMAND_TYPE_LOADLIBRARY, 0);
+    if (!encoder) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: hypercall error: failed to prepare the API Remoting command encoder", __func__);
+        return APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_HYPERCALL_INITIALIZATION_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    long long call_duration_ns;
+
+    ret = (ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode) remote_call(gpu, encoder, &decoder, APIR_LOADLIBRARY_MAX_WAIT_MS,
+                                                  &call_duration_ns);
+    log_call_duration(call_duration_ns, "API Remoting LoadLibrary");
+
+    if (!decoder) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: hypercall error: failed to trigger the API Remoting hypercall.\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_HYPERCALL_INITIALIZATION_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    remote_call_finish(gpu, encoder, decoder);
+
+    if (ret == APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "The API Remoting backend was successfully loaded and initialized\n");
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // something wrong happened, find out what.
+    if (ret < APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_INIT_BASE_INDEX) {
+        if (ret == APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ENV_VAR_MISSING) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                       "%s: virglrenderer could not open the API Remoting backend library, "
+                       "some environment variables are missing. "
+                       "Make sure virglrenderer is correctly configured by the hypervisor. (%s)",
+                       __func__, apir_load_library_error(ret));
+        } else if (ret == APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_CANNOT_OPEN) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                       "%s: virglrenderer could not open the API Remoting backend library. "
+                       "Make sure virglrenderer is correctly configured by the hypervisor. (%s)",
+                       __func__, apir_load_library_error(ret));
+        } else if (ret == APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_ENV_VAR_MISSING) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                       "%s: could not load the backend library, some symbols are missing. "
+                       "Make sure virglrenderer is correctly configured by the hypervisor. (%s) ",
+                       __func__, apir_load_library_error(ret));
+        } else {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: virglrenderer could not load the API Remoting backend library. (%s - code %d)",
+                       __func__, apir_load_library_error(ret), ret);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: virglrenderer successfully loaded the API Remoting backend library.\n", __func__);
+
+    ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode apir_ret = (ApirLoadLibraryReturnCode) (ret - APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_INIT_BASE_INDEX);
+
+    if (apir_ret == APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_CANNOT_OPEN) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                   "%s: the API Remoting backend library couldn't load the GGML backend library. "
+                   "Make sure virglrenderer is correctly configured by the hypervisor. (%s)",
+                   __func__, apir_load_library_error(apir_ret));
+    } else if (apir_ret == APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SYMBOL_MISSING) {
+        GGML_ABORT(
+            GGML_VIRTGPU
+            "%s: the API Remoting backend library couldn't load the GGML backend library, some symbols are missing. "
+            "Make sure virglrenderer is correctly configured by the hypervisor. (%s)",
+            __func__, apir_load_library_error(apir_ret));
+    } else if (apir_ret < APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_INIT_BASE_INDEX) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                   "%s: the API Remoting backend library couldn't load the GGML backend library: apir code=%d | %s)",
+                   __func__, apir_ret, apir_load_library_error(apir_ret));
+    } else {
+        uint32_t lib_ret = apir_ret - APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_INIT_BASE_INDEX;
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                   "%s: the API Remoting backend library failed to initialize its backend library: apir code=%d)",
+                   __func__, lib_ret);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+virtgpu * create_virtgpu() {
+    virtgpu * gpu = new virtgpu();
+
+    gpu->use_apir_capset = getenv("GGML_REMOTING_USE_APIR_CAPSET") != nullptr;
+    util_sparse_array_init(&gpu->shmem_array, sizeof(virtgpu_shmem), 1024);
+
+    // Initialize mutex to protect shared data_shmem buffer
+    if (mtx_init(&gpu->data_shmem_mutex, mtx_plain) != thrd_success) {
+        delete gpu;
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to initialize data_shmem mutex", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (virtgpu_open(gpu) != APIR_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to open the virtgpu device\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (virtgpu_init_capset(gpu) != APIR_SUCCESS) {
+        if (gpu->use_apir_capset) {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU
+                       "%s: failed to initialize the virtgpu APIR capset. Make sure that the virglrenderer library "
+                       "supports it.",
+                       __func__);
+        } else {
+            GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to initialize the virtgpu Venus capset", __func__);
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (virtgpu_init_context(gpu) != APIR_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to initialize the GPU context", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (virtgpu_shmem_create(gpu, SHMEM_REPLY_SIZE, &gpu->reply_shmem)) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to create the shared reply memory pages", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (virtgpu_shmem_create(gpu, SHMEM_DATA_SIZE, &gpu->data_shmem)) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to create the shared data memory pages", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (virtgpu_handshake(gpu)) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to handshake with the virglrenderer library", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (virtgpu_load_library(gpu) != APIR_LOAD_LIBRARY_SUCCESS) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to load the backend library", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return gpu;
+}
+
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_open(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    drmDevicePtr devs[8];
+    int          count = drmGetDevices2(0, devs, ARRAY_SIZE(devs));
+    if (count < 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to enumerate DRM devices\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    virt_gpu_result_t result = APIR_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        result = virtgpu_open_device(gpu, devs[i]);
+        if (result == APIR_SUCCESS) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    drmFreeDevices(devs, count);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_open_device(virtgpu * gpu, const drmDevicePtr dev) {
+    const char * node_path = dev->nodes[DRM_NODE_RENDER];
+
+    int fd = open(node_path, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to open %s", __func__, node_path);
+        return APIR_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    drmVersionPtr version = drmGetVersion(fd);
+    if (!version || strcmp(version->name, "virtio_gpu") || version->version_major != 0) {
+        if (version) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: unknown DRM driver %s version %d\n", __func__, version->name,
+                           version->version_major);
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to get DRM driver version\n", __func__);
+        }
+
+        if (version) {
+            drmFreeVersion(version);
+        }
+        close(fd);
+        return APIR_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    gpu->fd = fd;
+
+    drmFreeVersion(version);
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "using DRM device %s\n", node_path);
+
+    return APIR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_init_context(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    assert(!gpu->capset.version);
+    const int ret = virtgpu_ioctl_context_init(gpu, gpu->capset.id);
+    if (ret) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to initialize context: %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
+        return APIR_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    return APIR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static virt_gpu_result_t virtgpu_init_capset(virtgpu * gpu) {
+    if (gpu->use_apir_capset) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "Using the APIR capset\n");
+        gpu->capset.id = VIRTGPU_DRM_CAPSET_APIR;
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "Using the Venus capset\n");
+        gpu->capset.id = VIRTGPU_DRM_CAPSET_VENUS;
+    }
+    gpu->capset.version = 0;
+
+    int ret =
+        virtgpu_ioctl_get_caps(gpu, gpu->capset.id, gpu->capset.version, &gpu->capset.data, sizeof(gpu->capset.data));
+
+    if (ret) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: failed to get APIR v%d capset: %s\n", __func__, gpu->capset.version,
+                       strerror(errno));
+        return APIR_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    assert(gpu->capset.data.supports_blob_resources);
+
+    return APIR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int virtgpu_ioctl_context_init(virtgpu * gpu, virgl_renderer_capset capset_id) {
+    drm_virtgpu_context_set_param ctx_set_params[3] = {
+        {
+         .param = VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_PARAM_CAPSET_ID,
+         .value = capset_id,
+         },
+        {
+         .param = VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_PARAM_NUM_RINGS,
+         .value = 1,
+         },
+        {
+         .param = VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_PARAM_POLL_RINGS_MASK,
+         .value = 0, /* don't generate drm_events on fence signaling */
+        },
+    };
+
+    drm_virtgpu_context_init args = {
+        .num_params     = ARRAY_SIZE(ctx_set_params),
+        .pad            = 0,
+        .ctx_set_params = (uintptr_t) &ctx_set_params,
+    };
+
+    return virtgpu_ioctl(gpu, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_INIT, &args);
+}
+
+static int virtgpu_ioctl_get_caps(virtgpu *             gpu,
+                                  virgl_renderer_capset id,
+                                  uint32_t              version,
+                                  void *                capset,
+                                  size_t                capset_size) {
+    drm_virtgpu_get_caps args = {
+        .cap_set_id  = id,
+        .cap_set_ver = version,
+        .addr        = (uintptr_t) capset,
+        .size        = (__u32) capset_size,
+        .pad         = 0,
+    };
+
+    return virtgpu_ioctl(gpu, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS, &args);
+}
+
+static uint64_t virtgpu_ioctl_getparam(virtgpu * gpu, uint64_t param) {
+    /* val must be zeroed because kernel only writes the lower 32 bits */
+    uint64_t             val  = 0;
+    drm_virtgpu_getparam args = {
+        .param = param,
+        .value = (uintptr_t) &val,
+    };
+
+    const int ret = virtgpu_ioctl(gpu, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GETPARAM, &args);
+    return ret ? 0 : val;
+}
+
+apir_encoder * remote_call_prepare(virtgpu * gpu, ApirCommandType apir_cmd_type, int32_t cmd_flags) {
+    /*
+     * Prepare the command encoder and its buffer
+     */
+
+    thread_local char encoder_buffer[4096];
+
+    thread_local apir_encoder enc;
+    enc = {
+        .cur   = encoder_buffer,
+        .start = encoder_buffer,
+        .end   = encoder_buffer + sizeof(encoder_buffer),
+        .fatal = false,
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * Fill the command encoder with the common args:
+     * - cmd_type (int32_t)
+     * - cmd_flags (int32_t)
+     * - reply res id (uint32_t)
+   */
+
+    int32_t cmd_type = apir_cmd_type;
+
+    // for testing during the hypervisor transition
+    if (!gpu->use_apir_capset) {
+        cmd_type += VENUS_COMMAND_TYPE_LENGTH;
+    }
+    apir_encode_int32_t(&enc, &cmd_type);
+    apir_encode_int32_t(&enc, &cmd_flags);
+
+    uint32_t reply_res_id = gpu->reply_shmem.res_id;
+    apir_encode_uint32_t(&enc, &reply_res_id);
+
+    return &enc;
+}
+
+void remote_call_finish(virtgpu * gpu, apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec) {
+    UNUSED(gpu);
+
+    if (!enc) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Invalid (null) encoder", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (!dec) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Invalid (null) decoder", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (apir_encoder_get_fatal(enc)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Failed to encode the output parameters.", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (apir_decoder_get_fatal(dec)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: Failed to decode the input parameters.", __func__);
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t remote_call(virtgpu *       gpu,
+                     apir_encoder *  encoder,
+                     apir_decoder ** decoder,
+                     float           max_wait_ms,
+                     long long *     call_duration_ns) {
+    /*
+     * Prepare the reply notification pointer
+     */
+
+    volatile std::atomic_uint * atomic_reply_notif = (volatile std::atomic_uint *) gpu->reply_shmem.mmap_ptr;
+    *atomic_reply_notif                            = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Trigger the execbuf ioctl
+     */
+
+    drm_virtgpu_execbuffer args = {
+        .flags   = VIRTGPU_EXECBUF_RING_IDX,
+        .size    = (uint32_t) (encoder->cur - encoder->start),
+        .command = (uintptr_t) encoder->start,
+
+        .bo_handles     = 0,
+        .num_bo_handles = 0,
+
+        .fence_fd         = 0,
+        .ring_idx         = 0,
+        .syncobj_stride   = 0,
+        .num_in_syncobjs  = 0,
+        .num_out_syncobjs = 0,
+        .in_syncobjs      = 0,
+        .out_syncobjs     = 0,
+    };
+
+    *decoder = NULL;
+
+    int ret = drmIoctl(gpu->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER, &args);
+
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        GGML_ABORT(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: the virtgpu EXECBUFFER ioctl failed (%d)", __func__, ret);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Wait for the response notification
+     */
+    timer_data wait_host_reply_timer = { 0, 0, 0 };
+
+    start_timer(&wait_host_reply_timer);
+
+    timespec ts_start, ts_end;
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts_start);
+    long long start_time = (long long) ts_start.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + ts_start.tv_nsec;
+
+    bool     timedout    = false;
+    uint32_t notif_value = 0;
+    while (true) {
+        notif_value = std::atomic_load_explicit(atomic_reply_notif, std::memory_order_acquire);
+
+        if (notif_value != 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        int64_t base_sleep_us = 15;
+
+        os_time_sleep(base_sleep_us);
+
+        if (max_wait_ms) {
+            clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts_end);
+            long long end_time    = (long long) ts_end.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + ts_end.tv_nsec;
+            float     duration_ms = (end_time - start_time) / 1000000;
+
+            if (duration_ms > max_wait_ms) {
+                timedout = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (call_duration_ns) {
+        *call_duration_ns = stop_timer(&wait_host_reply_timer);
+    }
+
+    if (max_wait_ms && timedout) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_VIRTGPU "%s: timed out waiting for the host answer...\n", __func__);
+        return APIR_FORWARD_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Prepare the decoder
+     */
+    static apir_decoder response_dec;
+    response_dec.cur = (char *) gpu->reply_shmem.mmap_ptr + sizeof(*atomic_reply_notif);
+    response_dec.end = (char *) gpu->reply_shmem.mmap_ptr + gpu->reply_shmem.mmap_size;
+    *decoder         = &response_dec;
+
+    // extract the actual return value from the notif flag
+    uint32_t returned_value = notif_value - 1;
+    return returned_value;
+}
+
+static void log_call_duration(long long call_duration_ns, const char * name) {
+    double call_duration_ms = (double) call_duration_ns / 1e6;  // 1 millisecond = 1e6 nanoseconds
+    double call_duration_s  = (double) call_duration_ns / 1e9;  // 1 second = 1e9 nanoseconds
+
+    if (call_duration_s > 1) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "waited %.2fs for the %s host reply...\n", call_duration_s, name);
+    } else if (call_duration_ms > 1) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "waited %.2fms for the %s host reply...\n", call_duration_ms, name);
+    } else {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(GGML_VIRTGPU "waited %lldns for the %s host reply...\n", call_duration_ns, name);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu.h b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f82d8fb50ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/virtgpu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// clang-format off
+#include "virtgpu-utils.h"
+#include "virtgpu-shm.h"
+#include "virtgpu-apir.h"
+
+#include "backend/shared/api_remoting.h"
+#include "backend/shared/apir_cs.h"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#include <threads.h>
+#include <xf86drm.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "ggml-remoting.h"
+
+#define VIRGL_RENDERER_UNSTABLE_APIS 1
+#include "apir_hw.h"
+#include <drm/virtgpu_drm.h>
+#include "venus_hw.h"
+// clang-format on
+
+#ifndef VIRTGPU_DRM_CAPSET_APIR
+// Will be defined include/drm/virtgpu_drm.h when
+// https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/virgl/virglrenderer/-/merge_requests/1590/diffs
+// is merged
+#    define VIRTGPU_DRM_CAPSET_APIR 10
+#endif
+
+// Mesa/Virlgrenderer Venus internal. Only necessary during the
+// Venus->APIR transition in Virglrenderer
+#define VENUS_COMMAND_TYPE_LENGTH 331
+
+#ifndef VIRTGPU_DRM_CAPSET_VENUS  // only available with Linux >= v6.16
+#    define VIRTGPU_DRM_CAPSET_VENUS 4
+#endif
+
+typedef uint32_t virgl_renderer_capset;
+
+/* from src/virtio/vulkan/vn_renderer_virtgpu.c */
+#define VIRTGPU_PCI_VENDOR_ID       0x1af4
+#define VIRTGPU_PCI_DEVICE_ID       0x1050
+#define VIRTGPU_BLOB_MEM_GUEST_VRAM 0x0004
+#define VIRTGPU_PARAM_GUEST_VRAM    9
+
+#define SHMEM_DATA_SIZE  0x1830000  // 24MiB
+#define SHMEM_REPLY_SIZE 0x4000
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+enum virt_gpu_result_t {
+    APIR_SUCCESS                     = 0,
+    APIR_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED = -1,
+};
+
+#define PRINTFLIKE(f, a) __attribute__((format(__printf__, f, a)))
+
+struct virtgpu {
+    bool use_apir_capset;
+
+    int fd;
+
+    struct {
+        virgl_renderer_capset      id;
+        uint32_t                   version;
+        virgl_renderer_capset_apir data;
+    } capset;
+
+    util_sparse_array shmem_array;
+
+    /* APIR communication pages */
+    virtgpu_shmem reply_shmem;
+    virtgpu_shmem data_shmem;
+
+    /* Mutex to protect shared data_shmem buffer from concurrent access */
+    mtx_t data_shmem_mutex;
+
+    /* Cached device information to prevent memory leaks and race conditions */
+    struct {
+        char *   description;
+        char *   name;
+        int32_t  device_count;
+        uint32_t type;
+        size_t   memory_free;
+        size_t   memory_total;
+    } cached_device_info;
+
+    /* Cached buffer type information to prevent memory leaks and race conditions */
+    struct {
+        apir_buffer_type_host_handle_t host_handle;
+        char *                         name;
+        size_t                         alignment;
+        size_t                         max_size;
+    } cached_buffer_type;
+};
+
+static inline int virtgpu_ioctl(virtgpu * gpu, unsigned long request, void * args) {
+    return drmIoctl(gpu->fd, request, args);
+}
+
+virtgpu * create_virtgpu();
+
+apir_encoder * remote_call_prepare(virtgpu * gpu, ApirCommandType apir_cmd_type, int32_t cmd_flags);
+
+uint32_t remote_call(virtgpu *       gpu,
+                     apir_encoder *  enc,
+                     apir_decoder ** dec,
+                     float           max_wait_ms,
+                     long long *     call_duration_ns);
+
+void remote_call_finish(virtgpu * gpu, apir_encoder * enc, apir_decoder * dec);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/CMakeLists.txt
index 39f022f33d8..715a263a6d0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.19)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0114 NEW)
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0116 NEW)
+if (POLICY CMP0147)
+    # Parallel build custom build steps
+    cmake_policy(SET CMP0147 NEW)
+endif()
 
 find_package(Vulkan COMPONENTS glslc REQUIRED)
 
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+    # Parallel build object files
+    add_definitions(/MP)
+endif()
+
 function(detect_host_compiler)
     if (CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
         find_program(HOST_C_COMPILER NAMES cl gcc clang NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
@@ -54,25 +64,25 @@ if (Vulkan_FOUND)
     # Test all shader extensions
     test_shader_extension_support(
         "GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix"
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat_support.comp"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/coopmat.comp"
         "GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT"
     )
 
     test_shader_extension_support(
         "GL_NV_cooperative_matrix2"
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat2_support.comp"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/coopmat2.comp"
         "GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT"
     )
 
     test_shader_extension_support(
         "GL_EXT_integer_dot_product"
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/test_integer_dot_support.comp"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/integer_dot.comp"
         "GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT"
     )
 
     test_shader_extension_support(
         "GL_EXT_bfloat16"
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/test_bfloat16_support.comp"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/bfloat16.comp"
         "GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT"
     )
 
@@ -80,7 +90,7 @@ if (Vulkan_FOUND)
     target_include_directories(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
 
     # Workaround to the "can't dereference invalidated vector iterator" bug in clang-cl debug build
-    # Posssibly relevant: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74748276/visual-studio-no-displays-the-correct-length-of-stdvector
+    # Possibly relevant: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74748276/visual-studio-no-displays-the-correct-length-of-stdvector
     if (MSVC AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
         add_compile_definitions(_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL=0)
     endif()
@@ -99,6 +109,7 @@ if (Vulkan_FOUND)
 
     if (GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO)
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO)
+        list(APPEND VULKAN_SHADER_GEN_CMAKE_ARGS -DGGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO=ON)
     endif()
 
     if (GGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE)
@@ -143,7 +154,8 @@ if (Vulkan_FOUND)
                    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$<CONFIG>
                    ${VULKAN_SHADER_GEN_CMAKE_ARGS}
 
-        BUILD_COMMAND   ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build   . --config $<CONFIG>
+        BUILD_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build . --config $<CONFIG>
+        BUILD_ALWAYS  TRUE
 
         # NOTE: When DESTDIR is set using Makefile generators and
         # "make install" triggers the build step, vulkan-shaders-gen
@@ -158,31 +170,50 @@ if (Vulkan_FOUND)
     set (_ggml_vk_genshaders_dir "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIG>")
     set (_ggml_vk_genshaders_cmd "${_ggml_vk_genshaders_dir}/vulkan-shaders-gen${_ggml_vk_host_suffix}")
     set (_ggml_vk_header     "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-vulkan-shaders.hpp")
-    set (_ggml_vk_source     "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-vulkan-shaders.cpp")
     set (_ggml_vk_input_dir  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkan-shaders")
     set (_ggml_vk_output_dir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/vulkan-shaders.spv")
 
     file(GLOB _ggml_vk_shader_files CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${_ggml_vk_input_dir}/*.comp")
 
+    # Because external projects do not provide source-level tracking,
+    # the vulkan-shaders-gen sources need to be explicitly added to
+    # ensure that changes will cascade into shader re-generation.
+
+    file(GLOB _ggml_vk_shaders_gen_sources
+              CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${_ggml_vk_input_dir}/*.cpp"
+                                "${_ggml_vk_input_dir}/*.h")
+
     add_custom_command(
         OUTPUT ${_ggml_vk_header}
-               ${_ggml_vk_source}
-
         COMMAND ${_ggml_vk_genshaders_cmd}
-            --glslc      ${Vulkan_GLSLC_EXECUTABLE}
-            --input-dir  ${_ggml_vk_input_dir}
             --output-dir ${_ggml_vk_output_dir}
             --target-hpp ${_ggml_vk_header}
-            --target-cpp ${_ggml_vk_source}
-            --no-clean
-
-        DEPENDS ${_ggml_vk_shader_files}
+        DEPENDS ${_ggml_vk_shaders_gen_sources}
                 vulkan-shaders-gen
-
-        COMMENT "Generate vulkan shaders"
+        COMMENT "Generate vulkan shaders header"
     )
-
-    target_sources(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE ${_ggml_vk_source} ${_ggml_vk_header})
+    target_sources(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE ${_ggml_vk_header})
+
+    foreach (file_full ${_ggml_vk_shader_files})
+        get_filename_component(file ${file_full} NAME)
+        set (_ggml_vk_target_cpp "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${file}.cpp")
+
+        add_custom_command(
+            OUTPUT  ${_ggml_vk_target_cpp}
+            DEPFILE ${_ggml_vk_target_cpp}.d
+            COMMAND ${_ggml_vk_genshaders_cmd}
+                --glslc      ${Vulkan_GLSLC_EXECUTABLE}
+                --source     ${file_full}
+                --output-dir ${_ggml_vk_output_dir}
+                --target-hpp ${_ggml_vk_header}
+                --target-cpp ${_ggml_vk_target_cpp}
+            DEPENDS ${file_full}
+                    ${_ggml_vk_shaders_gen_sources}
+                    vulkan-shaders-gen
+            COMMENT "Generate vulkan shaders for ${file}"
+        )
+        target_sources(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE ${_ggml_vk_target_cpp})
+    endforeach()
 
 else()
     message(WARNING "Vulkan not found")
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
index 1375bfeb9dc..7092361d2ea 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,20 @@
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #endif
 
+// See https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Hpp?tab=readme-ov-file#extensions--per-device-function-pointers-
+#define VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC 1
+// We use VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER, but not VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC_STORAGE
+// to avoid conflicts with applications or other libraries who might use it.
+#if VK_HEADER_VERSION >= 301
+namespace vk::detail { class DispatchLoaderDynamic; }
+using vk::detail::DispatchLoaderDynamic;
+#else
+namespace vk { class DispatchLoaderDynamic; }
+using vk::DispatchLoaderDynamic;
+#endif
+DispatchLoaderDynamic & ggml_vk_default_dispatcher();
+#define VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER ggml_vk_default_dispatcher()
+
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
 
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -13,11 +27,13 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
+#include <deque>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
 #include <memory>
 #include <limits>
 #include <map>
+#include <set>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -77,13 +93,12 @@ static bool is_pow2(uint32_t x) { return x > 1 && (x & (x-1)) == 0; }
 #define VK_VENDOR_ID_APPLE 0x106b
 #define VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL 0x8086
 #define VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA 0x10de
+#define VK_VENDOR_ID_QUALCOMM 0x5143
 
 #define VK_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_SIZE 256
 
 #define GGML_VK_MAX_NODES 8192
 
-#define MAX_VK_BUFFERS 256
-
 #define VK_CHECK(err, msg)                                          \
     do {                                                            \
         vk::Result err_ = (err);                                    \
@@ -102,7 +117,11 @@ static bool is_pow2(uint32_t x) { return x > 1 && (x & (x-1)) == 0; }
 
 struct ggml_backend_vk_context;
 
-#define MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT 8
+#define MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT 12
+// Max number of adds that can be fused without exceeding MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT.
+#define MAX_FUSED_ADDS (MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT - 3)
+
+typedef std::shared_ptr<struct vk_pipeline_struct> vk_pipeline;
 
 struct vk_pipeline_struct {
     std::string name;
@@ -113,13 +132,23 @@ struct vk_pipeline_struct {
     uint32_t parameter_count;
     std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms;
     uint32_t align;
-    // set to true to request the pipeline is compiled after the dryrun
-    bool needed {};
+    // true if fields have been set by ggml_vk_create_pipeline
+    bool initialized {};
+    // set to true to request the pipeline is compiled
+    std::atomic<bool> needed {};
     // set to true when the shader has been compiled
-    bool compiled {};
+    std::atomic<bool> compiled {};
+    // number of registers used, extracted from pipeline executable properties
+    uint32_t register_count {};
+
+#if defined(VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing)
+    bool is_64b_indexing {};
+#endif
+    // linked list of pipelines for multiple compilation variants.
+    // currently only used to compile a 64-bit indexing variant.
+    vk_pipeline next;
 };
 
-typedef std::shared_ptr<vk_pipeline_struct> vk_pipeline;
 typedef std::weak_ptr<vk_pipeline_struct> vk_pipeline_ref;
 
 static void ggml_vk_destroy_pipeline(vk::Device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline);
@@ -127,8 +156,13 @@ static void ggml_vk_destroy_pipeline(vk::Device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline);
 struct vk_matmul_pipeline_struct {
     vk_pipeline l, m, s;
     vk_pipeline a_l, a_m, a_s;
+    // Returns true when all unaligned pipelines are null.
+    // We only check for unaligned variants since one of the unaligned pipelines must exist
+    // while aligned pipelines are optional
+    bool is_empty() const {
+        return l == nullptr && m == nullptr && s == nullptr;
+    }
 };
-
 typedef std::shared_ptr<vk_matmul_pipeline_struct> vk_matmul_pipeline;
 
 struct vk_matmul_pipeline2 {
@@ -155,6 +189,11 @@ struct ggml_backend_vk_buffer_type_context {
 
 struct vk_queue;
 
+struct vk_command_buffer {
+    vk::CommandBuffer buf;
+    bool in_use = false;
+};
+
 // Stores command pool/buffers. There's an instance of this
 // for each (context,queue) pair and for each (device,queue) pair.
 struct vk_command_pool {
@@ -162,10 +201,16 @@ struct vk_command_pool {
     void destroy(vk::Device& device);
 
     vk::CommandPool pool;
-    uint32_t cmd_buffer_idx;
-    std::vector<vk::CommandBuffer> cmd_buffers;
+    // Using deque so the pointers to command buffers
+    // remain valid even if we add more
+    std::deque<vk_command_buffer> cmd_buffers;
 
     vk_queue *q;
+
+    size_t buffers_in_use() const {
+        return std::count_if(cmd_buffers.begin(), cmd_buffers.end(),
+            [](const auto& cb) { return cb.in_use; });
+    }
 };
 
 // Prevent simultaneous submissions to the same queue.
@@ -206,11 +251,10 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_vk_buffer_type_interface = {
     /* .is_host          = */ NULL,
 };
 
-#ifdef GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
 class vk_memory_logger;
-#endif
 class vk_perf_logger;
 static void ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(vk_buffer& buf);
+static void ggml_vk_synchronize(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx);
 
 static constexpr uint32_t mul_mat_vec_max_cols = 8;
 static constexpr uint32_t p021_max_gqa_ratio = 8;
@@ -222,6 +266,8 @@ enum vk_device_architecture {
     AMD_RDNA2,
     AMD_RDNA3,
     INTEL_XE2,
+    NVIDIA_PRE_TURING,
+    NVIDIA_TURING,
 };
 
 static vk_device_architecture get_device_architecture(const vk::PhysicalDevice& device) {
@@ -300,20 +346,254 @@ static vk_device_architecture get_device_architecture(const vk::PhysicalDevice&
             // https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/oneapi/optimization-guide-gpu/2025-0/intel-xe-gpu-architecture.html
             return vk_device_architecture::INTEL_XE2;
         }
+    } else if (props.vendorID == VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA) {
+        const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> ext_props = device.enumerateDeviceExtensionProperties();
+
+        bool cooperative_matrix = false;
+        bool sm_builtins = false;
+
+        // Detect "pre-turing" based on lack of coopmat support.
+        for (const auto& properties : ext_props) {
+            if (strcmp("VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
+                cooperative_matrix = true;
+            } else if (strcmp("VK_NV_shader_sm_builtins", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
+                sm_builtins = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!cooperative_matrix) {
+            return vk_device_architecture::NVIDIA_PRE_TURING;
+        }
+
+        if (sm_builtins) {
+            vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2 props2;
+            vk::PhysicalDeviceShaderSMBuiltinsPropertiesNV sm_props;
+
+            props2.pNext = &sm_props;
+
+            device.getProperties2(&props2);
+
+            // Turing has 32, following architectures have 48
+            if (sm_props.shaderWarpsPerSM == 32) {
+                return vk_device_architecture::NVIDIA_TURING;
+            }
+        }
     }
     return vk_device_architecture::OTHER;
 }
 
+enum vk_conv_shapes {
+    CONV_SHAPE_128x128,
+    CONV_SHAPE_64x32,
+    CONV_SHAPE_32x256,
+    CONV_SHAPE_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct vk_conv_block_size {
+    uint32_t K;
+    uint32_t NPQ;
+    uint32_t CRS;
+};
+
+vk_conv_block_size vk_conv_block_sizes[CONV_SHAPE_COUNT] = {
+    // K   NPQ  CRS
+    { 128, 128, 16 }, // CONV_SHAPE_128x128
+    {  64,  32, 32 }, // CONV_SHAPE_64x32
+    {  32, 256, 16 }, // CONV_SHAPE_32x256
+};
+
+enum dmmv_wg_sizes {
+    DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP,
+    DMMV_WG_SIZE_LARGE,
+    DMMV_WG_SIZE_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum FaCodePath {
+    FA_SCALAR,
+    FA_COOPMAT1,
+    FA_COOPMAT2,
+};
+
+struct vk_fa_pipeline_state {
+    uint32_t HSK, HSV;
+    uint32_t Br, Bc;
+    uint32_t D_split, row_split;
+    bool shmem_staging;
+    FaCodePath path;
+    uint32_t workgroup_size, subgroup_size;
+    bool aligned;
+    bool f32acc;
+    uint32_t flags;
+    uint32_t limit_occupancy_shmem;
+
+    bool operator<(const vk_fa_pipeline_state &b) const {
+        return std::tie(HSK, HSV, Br, Bc, D_split, row_split, shmem_staging, path, workgroup_size, subgroup_size, aligned, f32acc, flags, limit_occupancy_shmem) <
+               std::tie(b.HSK, b.HSV, b.Br, b.Bc, b.D_split, b.row_split, b.shmem_staging, b.path, b.workgroup_size, b.subgroup_size, b.aligned, b.f32acc, b.flags, b.limit_occupancy_shmem);
+    }
+};
+
+struct vk_conv2d_pipeline_state {
+    vk_conv2d_pipeline_state(uint32_t s0, uint32_t s1, uint32_t p0, uint32_t p1, uint32_t d0, uint32_t d1, uint32_t KW, uint32_t KH)
+        : s0(s0), s1(s1), p0(p0), p1(p1), d0(d0), d1(d1), KW(KW), KH(KH) {}
+
+    uint32_t s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, KW, KH;
+
+    bool operator<(const vk_conv2d_pipeline_state &b) const {
+        return std::tie(s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, KW, KH) <
+               std::tie(b.s0, b.s1, b.p0, b.p1, b.d0, b.d1, b.KW, b.KH);
+    }
+};
+
+struct vk_solve_tri_pipeline_state {
+    vk_solve_tri_pipeline_state(uint32_t N, uint32_t K)
+        : N(N), K(K) {}
+
+    uint32_t N, K;
+
+    bool operator<(const vk_solve_tri_pipeline_state &b) const {
+        return std::tie(N, K) <
+               std::tie(b.N, b.K);
+    }
+};
+
+enum shader_reduction_mode {
+    SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_SHMEM,
+    SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_HYBRID,
+    SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_SUBGROUP,
+    SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_COUNT,
+};
+
+// argsort pipelines for up to 1<<10 invocations per workgroup
+static constexpr uint32_t num_argsort_pipelines = 11;
+static constexpr uint32_t num_topk_moe_pipelines = 10;
+static constexpr uint32_t num_topk_pipelines = 11;
+
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<ggml_op> topk_moe_early_softmax_norm{ GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX, GGML_OP_RESHAPE,  GGML_OP_ARGSORT,
+                                                                             GGML_OP_VIEW,     GGML_OP_GET_ROWS, GGML_OP_RESHAPE,
+                                                                             GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS, GGML_OP_CLAMP,    GGML_OP_DIV,
+                                                                             GGML_OP_RESHAPE };
+
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<ggml_op> topk_moe_sigmoid_norm_bias{ GGML_OP_UNARY,    GGML_OP_RESHAPE,  GGML_OP_ADD,
+                                                                            GGML_OP_ARGSORT,  GGML_OP_VIEW,     GGML_OP_GET_ROWS,
+                                                                            GGML_OP_RESHAPE,  GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS, GGML_OP_CLAMP,
+                                                                            GGML_OP_DIV,      GGML_OP_RESHAPE };
+
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<ggml_op> topk_moe_early_softmax     { GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX, GGML_OP_RESHAPE,  GGML_OP_ARGSORT,
+                                                                             GGML_OP_VIEW,     GGML_OP_GET_ROWS };
+
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<ggml_op> topk_moe_late_softmax      { GGML_OP_ARGSORT,  GGML_OP_VIEW,
+                                                                             GGML_OP_GET_ROWS, GGML_OP_RESHAPE,
+                                                                             GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX, GGML_OP_RESHAPE };
+
+//node #978 (  SOFT_MAX):     ffn_moe_probs-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=2:    ffn_moe_logits-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #979 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_probs-15 (re (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1:     ffn_moe_probs-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #980 (   ARGSORT):   ffn_moe_argsort-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1:     ffn_moe_probs-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #981 (      VIEW):      ffn_moe_topk-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=4:   ffn_moe_argsort-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #982 (  GET_ROWS):   ffn_moe_weights-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_probs-15 (re (   0K) [Vulka         ]      ffn_moe_topk-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #983 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_weights-15 ( (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=2:   ffn_moe_weights-15 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #984 (  SUM_ROWS): ffn_moe_weights_sum- (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights-15 ( (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #985 (     CLAMP): ffn_moe_weights_sum_ (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights_sum- (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #986 (       DIV): ffn_moe_weights_norm (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights-15 ( (   0K) [Vulka         ] ffn_moe_weights_sum_ (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #987 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_weights_norm (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights_norm (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<std::array<int, 3>> topk_moe_early_softmax_norm_edges {
+    { 1, 0, 0 }, // reshape->src[0]  == softmax
+    { 2, 0, 0 }, // argsort->src[0]  == softmax
+    { 3, 0, 2 }, // view->src[0]     == argsort
+    { 4, 0, 1 }, // get_rows->src[0] == reshape
+    { 4, 1, 3 }, // get_rows->src[1] == view
+    { 5, 0, 4 }, // reshape->src[0]  == get_rows
+    { 6, 0, 5 }, // sum_rows->src[0] == reshape
+    { 7, 0, 6 }, // clamp->src[0]    == sum_rows
+    { 8, 0, 5 }, // div->src[0]      == reshape
+    { 8, 1, 7 }, // div->src[1]      == clamp
+    { 9, 0, 8 }, // reshape->src[0]  == div
+};
+
+//node #436 (     UNARY):     ffn_moe_probs-10 ( 256K) [Vulka         ] use=2:    ffn_moe_logits-10 ( 256K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #437 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_probs-10 (re ( 256K) [Vulka         ] use=1:     ffn_moe_probs-10 ( 256K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #438 (       ADD): ffn_moe_probs_biased ( 256K) [Vulka         ] use=1:     ffn_moe_probs-10 ( 256K) [Vulka         ] blk.10.exp_probs_b.b (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #439 (   ARGSORT):   ffn_moe_argsort-10 ( 256K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_probs_biased ( 256K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #440 (      VIEW):      ffn_moe_topk-10 ( 255K) [Vulka         ] use=3:   ffn_moe_argsort-10 ( 256K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #441 (  GET_ROWS):   ffn_moe_weights-10 (  12K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_probs-10 (re ( 256K) [Vulka         ]      ffn_moe_topk-10 ( 255K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #442 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_weights-10 ( (  12K) [Vulka         ] use=2:   ffn_moe_weights-10 (  12K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #443 (  SUM_ROWS): ffn_moe_weights_sum- (   2K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights-10 ( (  12K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #444 (     CLAMP): ffn_moe_weights_sum_ (   2K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights_sum- (   2K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #445 (       DIV): ffn_moe_weights_norm (  12K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights-10 ( (  12K) [Vulka         ] ffn_moe_weights_sum_ (   2K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #446 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_weights_norm (  12K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights_norm (  12K) [Vulka         ]
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<std::array<int, 3>> topk_moe_sigmoid_norm_bias_edges {
+    { 1, 0, 0 }, // reshape->src[0]  == sigmoid
+    { 2, 0, 0 }, // add->src[0]      == sigmoid
+    { 3, 0, 2 }, // argsort->src[0]  == add
+    { 4, 0, 3 }, // view->src[0]     == argsort
+    { 5, 0, 1 }, // get_rows->src[0] == reshape
+    { 5, 1, 4 }, // get_rows->src[1] == view
+    { 6, 0, 5 }, // reshape->src[0]  == get_rows
+    { 7, 0, 6 }, // sum_rows->src[0] == reshape
+    { 8, 0, 7 }, // clamp->src[0]    == sum_rows
+    { 9, 0, 6 }, // div->src[0]      == reshape
+    { 9, 1, 8 }, // div->src[1]      == clamp
+    {10, 0, 9 }, // reshape->src[0]  == div
+};
+
+// same as early_softmax_norm but ending after the get_rows
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<std::array<int, 3>> topk_moe_early_softmax_edges {
+    { 1, 0, 0 }, // reshape->src[0]  == softmax
+    { 2, 0, 0 }, // argsort->src[0]  == softmax
+    { 3, 0, 2 }, // view->src[0]     == argsort
+    { 4, 0, 1 }, // get_rows->src[0] == reshape
+    { 4, 1, 3 }, // get_rows->src[1] == view
+};
+
+//node #652 (   ARGSORT):   ffn_moe_argsort-11 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1:     ffn_moe_probs-11 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #653 (      VIEW):      ffn_moe_topk-11 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=7:   ffn_moe_argsort-11 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #654 (  GET_ROWS):   ffn_moe_weights-11 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_probs-11 (re (   0K) [Vulka         ]      ffn_moe_topk-11 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #655 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_weights-11 ( (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1:   ffn_moe_weights-11 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #656 (  SOFT_MAX):             node_656 (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1: ffn_moe_weights-11 ( (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+//node #657 (   RESHAPE): ffn_moe_weights_soft (   0K) [Vulka         ] use=1:             node_656 (   0K) [Vulka         ]
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<std::array<int, 3>> topk_moe_late_softmax_edges {
+    { 1, 0, 0 }, // view->src[0]     == argsort
+    { 2, 1, 1 }, // get_rows->src[1] == view
+    { 3, 0, 2 }, // reshape->src[0]  == get_rows
+    { 4, 0, 3 }, // soft_max->src[0] == reshape
+    { 5, 0, 4 }, // reshape->src[0]  == soft_max
+};
+
+enum topk_moe_mode {
+    TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX,
+    TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX_NORM,
+    TOPK_MOE_LATE_SOFTMAX,
+    TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS,
+    TOPK_MOE_COUNT,
+};
+
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<std::array<int, 3>> rope_view_set_rows_edges {
+    { 1, 0, 0 }, // view->src[0]     == rope
+    { 2, 0, 1 }, // set_rows->src[0] == view
+};
+
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<std::array<int, 3>> rms_norm_mul_rope_view_set_rows_edges {
+    { 1, 0, 0 }, // mul->src[0]      == rms
+    { 2, 0, 1 }, // rope->src[0]     == mul
+    { 3, 0, 2 }, // view->src[0]     == rope
+    { 4, 0, 3 }, // set_rows->src[0] == view
+};
+
+
 struct vk_device_struct {
-    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::recursive_mutex mutex;
 
     vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device;
     vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
     std::string name;
     uint64_t max_memory_allocation_size;
+    uint64_t max_buffer_size;
     uint64_t suballocation_block_size;
+    uint64_t min_imported_host_pointer_alignment;
+    bool external_memory_host {};
     bool fp16;
+    bool bf16;
     bool pipeline_robustness;
+    bool memory_priority;
     vk::Device device;
     uint32_t vendor_id;
     vk::DriverId driver_id;
@@ -321,21 +601,42 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     vk_queue compute_queue;
     vk_queue transfer_queue;
     bool single_queue;
+    bool support_async;
+    bool async_use_transfer_queue;
     uint32_t subgroup_size;
+    uint32_t subgroup_size_log2;
     uint32_t shader_core_count;
     bool uma;
     bool prefer_host_memory;
     bool float_controls_rte_fp16;
-    bool subgroup_add;
+    bool subgroup_basic;
+    bool subgroup_arithmetic;
     bool subgroup_shuffle;
+    bool subgroup_ballot;
+    bool subgroup_clustered;
+    bool subgroup_vote;
+    bool multi_add;
+    bool shader_int64;
+    bool buffer_device_address;
+    bool vulkan_memory_model;
+
+    bool add_rms_fusion;
+    uint32_t partials_binding_alignment;
+
+    bool shader_64b_indexing;
 
     bool integer_dot_product;
+    // 0: default, 1: force mmvq, -1: disable mmvq
+    int32_t mmvq_mode;
 
     bool subgroup_size_control;
     uint32_t subgroup_min_size;
     uint32_t subgroup_max_size;
     bool subgroup_require_full_support;
 
+    // floor(log2(maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations))
+    uint32_t max_workgroup_size_log2 {};
+
     bool coopmat_support;
     bool coopmat_acc_f32_support {};
     bool coopmat_acc_f16_support {};
@@ -354,6 +655,8 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
 
     bool coopmat2;
 
+    bool pipeline_executable_properties_support {};
+
     size_t idx;
 
     bool mul_mat_l[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
@@ -363,9 +666,6 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     bool mul_mat_id_m[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
     bool mul_mat_id_s[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
 
-    // set to true to indicate that some shaders need to be compiled after the dryrun
-    bool need_compiles {};
-
     vk::DescriptorSetLayout dsl;
 
     vk_matmul_pipeline pipeline_matmul_f32 {};
@@ -384,20 +684,25 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32;
 
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
+    vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_quantize_q8_1;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_quantize_q8_1_x4;
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][mul_mat_vec_max_cols];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][mul_mat_vec_max_cols];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[DMMV_WG_SIZE_COUNT][GGML_TYPE_COUNT][mul_mat_vec_max_cols];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[DMMV_WG_SIZE_COUNT][GGML_TYPE_COUNT][mul_mat_vec_max_cols];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[DMMV_WG_SIZE_COUNT][GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[DMMV_WG_SIZE_COUNT][GGML_TYPE_COUNT][mul_mat_vec_max_cols];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[DMMV_WG_SIZE_COUNT][GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[p021_max_gqa_ratio];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_acc_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_set_f32;
 
     // [src0 0=fp32,1=fp16][src1 0=fp32,1=fp16][dst 0=fp32,1=fp16]
     vk_pipeline pipeline_add[2][2][2];
@@ -408,33 +713,84 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     vk_pipeline pipeline_mul_norepeat[2][2][2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_div[2][2][2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_div_norepeat[2][2][2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_add_rms[2][2][2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_add_rms_norepeat[2][2][2];
+
+    // indexed by num_additional_fused_ops == num_adds - 1
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_multi_add[MAX_FUSED_ADDS];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_multi_add_rms[MAX_FUSED_ADDS];
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_add_id_f32;
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_concat_f32, pipeline_concat_f16, pipeline_concat_i32;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_upscale_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_upscale_nearest_f32, pipeline_upscale_bilinear_f32, pipeline_upscale_bicubic_f32, pipeline_upscale_bilinear_antialias_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_scale_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_sqr_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_sqrt_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_sin_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_cos_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_log[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_tri[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_diag[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_clamp_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_pad_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_roll_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_repeat_f32, pipeline_repeat_back_f32;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_cpy_f32_f32, pipeline_cpy_f32_f16, pipeline_cpy_f16_f16, pipeline_cpy_f16_f32, pipeline_cpy_f32_bf16;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f32, pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f16, pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f16, pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f32, pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_bf16;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_cpy_f32_f32, pipeline_cpy_f32_f16, pipeline_cpy_f16_f16, pipeline_cpy_f16_f32, pipeline_cpy_f32_bf16, pipeline_cpy_f32_i32, pipeline_cpy_i32_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f32, pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f16, pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f16, pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f32, pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_bf16, pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_i32, pipeline_contig_cpy_i32_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_cpy_quant_f32[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_cpy_transpose_16, pipeline_cpy_transpose_32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_set_rows_i32[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_set_rows_i64[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_norm_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_group_norm_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_rms_norm_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rms_norm_mul_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rms_norm_partials_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rms_norm_mul_partials_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f16;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_rms_norm_back_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_l2_norm_f32;
 
     // [src/dst 0=fp32,1=fp16]
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_exp[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_elu[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_gelu[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_gelu_erf[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_gelu_quick[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_silu[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_relu[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_xielu[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_neg[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_tanh[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_sigmoid[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_hardsigmoid[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_hardswish[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_abs[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_softplus[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_step[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_round[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_ceil[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_floor[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_trunc[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_sgn[2];
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_add1_f16_f16;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_add1_f16_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_add1_f32_f32;
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_arange_f32;
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_fill_f32;
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_geglu[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_reglu[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_swiglu[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_swiglu_oai[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_geglu_erf[2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_geglu_quick[2];
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_leaky_relu_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_silu_back_f32;
@@ -442,49 +798,58 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     vk_pipeline pipeline_soft_max_f32, pipeline_soft_max_f32_f16;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_soft_max_f32_wg512, pipeline_soft_max_f32_f16_wg512;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_soft_max_back_f32;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_rope_norm_f32, pipeline_rope_norm_f16;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_rope_neox_f32, pipeline_rope_neox_f16;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_rope_multi_f32, pipeline_rope_multi_f16;
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_soft_max_large1_f32, pipeline_soft_max_large1_f32_f16;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_soft_max_large2_f32, pipeline_soft_max_large2_f32_f16;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_soft_max_large3_f32, pipeline_soft_max_large3_f32_f16;
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rope_norm_f32, pipeline_rope_norm_f16, pipeline_rope_norm_f32_f16;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rope_neox_f32, pipeline_rope_neox_f16, pipeline_rope_neox_f32_f16;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_rope_multi_f32, pipeline_rope_multi_f16, pipeline_rope_multi_f32_f16;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_rope_vision_f32, pipeline_rope_vision_f16;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_argsort_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_argsort_f32[num_argsort_pipelines];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_argsort_large_f32[num_argsort_pipelines];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_topk_f32[num_topk_pipelines];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_sum_rows_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_cumsum_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_cumsum_small_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_cumsum_multipass1_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_cumsum_multipass2_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_argmax_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_count_equal_i32;
+    std::map<vk_solve_tri_pipeline_state, vk_pipeline> pipeline_solve_tri_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_im2col_f32, pipeline_im2col_f32_f16;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_im2col_3d_f32, pipeline_im2col_3d_f32_f16;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_timestep_embedding_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_conv_transpose_1d_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_pool2d_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_rwkv_wkv6_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_rwkv_wkv7_f32;
+    // [size_idx][kda] where size_idx: 0=d32, 1=d64, 2=d128
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_gated_delta_net[3][2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d128;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d256;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_ssm_conv_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_opt_step_adamw_f32;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_conv2d_dw_whcn_f32;
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32;
-
-    // [2][2][2] is for {f16acc,f32acc}x{large,small_rows}x{unaligned, aligned}
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D64_cm2[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D80_cm2[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D96_cm2[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D112_cm2[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D128_cm2[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D256_cm2[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D64_cm1[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D80_cm1[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D96_cm1[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D112_cm1[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D128_cm1[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D256_cm1[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D64[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D80[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D96[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D112[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D128[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
-    vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D256[GGML_TYPE_COUNT][2][2][2];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_opt_step_sgd_f32;
+    std::map<vk_conv2d_pipeline_state, vk_pipeline> pipeline_conv2d_f32[CONV_SHAPE_COUNT];
+    std::map<vk_conv2d_pipeline_state, vk_pipeline> pipeline_conv2d_f16_f32[CONV_SHAPE_COUNT];
+    std::map<vk_conv2d_pipeline_state, vk_pipeline> pipeline_conv_transpose_2d_f32[CONV_SHAPE_COUNT];
+    std::map<vk_conv2d_pipeline_state, vk_pipeline> pipeline_conv_transpose_2d_f16_f32[CONV_SHAPE_COUNT];
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_conv2d_dw_whcn_f32, pipeline_conv2d_dw_whcn_f16_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32, pipeline_conv2d_dw_cwhn_f16_f32;
+
+    std::map<vk_fa_pipeline_state, vk_pipeline> pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
+
+    std::map<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>, vk_pipeline> pipeline_fa_mask_opt;
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_flash_attn_split_k_reduce;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_count_experts;
+
+    // [2] is for whether to take n_experts from spec constant (0) or push constant (1)
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_topk_moe[num_topk_moe_pipelines][2];
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, vk_pipeline_ref> pipelines;
+    std::vector<vk_pipeline_ref> all_pipelines;
 
     std::vector<std::tuple<void*, size_t, vk_buffer>> pinned_memory;
 
@@ -493,14 +858,12 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
 
     ggml_backend_buffer_type buffer_type;
 
-#ifdef GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
-    std::unique_ptr<vk_memory_logger> memory_logger;
-#endif
+    bool disable_fusion;
+    bool disable_host_visible_vidmem;
+    bool allow_sysmem_fallback;
+    bool disable_graph_optimize;
 
-    // for GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER
-    std::unique_ptr<vk_perf_logger> perf_logger;
-    vk::QueryPool query_pool;
-    int32_t num_queries;
+    std::unique_ptr<vk_memory_logger> memory_logger;
 
     ~vk_device_struct() {
         VK_LOG_DEBUG("destroy device " << name);
@@ -512,15 +875,15 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
         compute_queue.cmd_pool.destroy(device);
         transfer_queue.cmd_pool.destroy(device);
 
-        for (auto& pipeline : pipelines) {
-            if (pipeline.second.expired()) {
+        for (auto& pipeline : all_pipelines) {
+            if (pipeline.expired()) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            vk_pipeline pl = pipeline.second.lock();
+            vk_pipeline pl = pipeline.lock();
             ggml_vk_destroy_pipeline(device, pl);
         }
-        pipelines.clear();
+        all_pipelines.clear();
 
         device.destroyDescriptorSetLayout(dsl);
 
@@ -529,10 +892,12 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
 };
 
 void vk_command_pool::init(vk_device& device, vk_queue *q_) {
-    cmd_buffer_idx = 0;
+    cmd_buffers.clear();
     q = q_;
 
-    vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo command_pool_create_info(vk::CommandPoolCreateFlags(VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT), q->queue_family_index);
+    vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo command_pool_create_info(
+        vk::CommandPoolCreateFlags(VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT | VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT),
+        q->queue_family_index);
     pool = device->device.createCommandPool(command_pool_create_info);
 }
 
@@ -548,6 +913,7 @@ struct vk_buffer_struct {
     vk::MemoryPropertyFlags memory_property_flags;
     void * ptr;
     size_t size = 0;
+    vk::DeviceAddress bda_addr {};
 
     vk_device device;
 
@@ -572,13 +938,23 @@ struct vk_subbuffer {
     }
 };
 
+// vk_event is used for the event-related backend interfaces. It uses 'event' for
+// event_wait and 'fence' for event_synchronize. Polling on an event for
+// event_synchronize wouldn't be sufficient to wait for command buffers to complete,
+// and would lead to validation errors.
+struct vk_event {
+    vk::Event event;
+    vk::Fence fence;
+    vk_command_buffer* cmd_buffer = nullptr;
+};
+
 struct vk_semaphore {
     vk::Semaphore s;
     uint64_t value;
 };
 
 struct vk_submission {
-    vk::CommandBuffer buffer;
+    vk_command_buffer* buffer = nullptr;
     std::vector<vk_semaphore> wait_semaphores;
     std::vector<vk_semaphore> signal_semaphores;
 };
@@ -589,14 +965,57 @@ struct vk_mat_mat_push_constants {
     uint32_t M; uint32_t N; uint32_t K;
     uint32_t stride_a; uint32_t stride_b; uint32_t stride_d;
     uint32_t batch_stride_a; uint32_t batch_stride_b; uint32_t batch_stride_d;
+    uint32_t base_work_group_z; uint32_t num_batches;
     uint32_t k_split;
     uint32_t ne02; uint32_t ne12; uint32_t broadcast2; uint32_t broadcast3;
     uint32_t padded_N;
 };
+
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0 0x1
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1 0x2
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE0 0x4
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE1 0x8
+
 struct vk_mat_vec_push_constants {
-    uint32_t ncols; uint32_t stride_a; uint32_t stride_b; uint32_t stride_d;
-    uint32_t batch_stride_a; uint32_t batch_stride_b; uint32_t batch_stride_d;
-    uint32_t ne02; uint32_t ne12; uint32_t broadcast2; uint32_t broadcast3;
+    uint32_t ncols;
+    uint32_t stride_a;
+    uint32_t stride_b;
+    uint32_t stride_d;
+    uint32_t batch_stride_a;
+    uint32_t batch_stride_b;
+    uint32_t batch_stride_d;
+    uint32_t fusion_flags;
+    uint32_t base_work_group_y;
+    uint32_t ne02;
+    uint32_t ne12;
+    uint32_t broadcast2;
+    uint32_t broadcast3;
+};
+
+struct vk_mat_vec_p021_push_constants {
+    uint32_t ncols_x;
+    uint32_t nrows_x;
+    uint32_t nchannels_x;
+    uint32_t nchannels_y;
+    uint32_t b_offset;
+    uint32_t d_offset;
+    uint32_t fusion_flags;
+};
+
+struct vk_mat_vec_nc_push_constants {
+    uint32_t ncols_x;
+    uint32_t nrows_x;
+    uint32_t row_stride_x;
+    uint32_t channel_stride_x;
+    uint32_t channel_stride_y;
+    uint32_t channel_x_divisor;
+    uint32_t ne12;
+    uint32_t b_offset;
+    uint32_t d_offset;
+    uint32_t nb03;
+    uint32_t nb13;
+    uint32_t nb23;
+    uint32_t fusion_flags;
 };
 
 struct vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants {
@@ -607,9 +1026,18 @@ struct vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants {
     uint32_t padded_N;
 };
 struct vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants {
-    uint32_t ncols; uint32_t stride_a; uint32_t stride_b; uint32_t stride_d;
-    uint32_t batch_stride_a; uint32_t batch_stride_b; uint32_t batch_stride_d;
-    uint32_t nei0; uint32_t ne11;
+    uint32_t ncols;
+    uint32_t stride_a;
+    uint32_t stride_b;
+    uint32_t stride_d;
+    uint32_t batch_stride_a;
+    uint32_t batch_stride_b;
+    uint32_t batch_stride_d;
+    uint32_t fusion_flags;
+    uint32_t nei0;
+    uint32_t ne11;
+    uint32_t expert_i1;
+    uint32_t nbi1;
 };
 
 struct vk_flash_attn_push_constants {
@@ -627,6 +1055,8 @@ struct vk_flash_attn_push_constants {
     uint32_t nev2;
     uint32_t nev3;
     uint32_t nem1;
+    uint32_t nem2;
+    uint32_t nem3;
 
     uint32_t nb01;
     uint32_t nb02;
@@ -637,14 +1067,12 @@ struct vk_flash_attn_push_constants {
     uint32_t nb21;
     uint32_t nb22;
     uint32_t nb23;
-    uint32_t nb31;
 
     float scale;
     float max_bias;
     float logit_softcap;
 
-    uint32_t mask;
-    uint32_t n_head_log2;
+    uint32_t mask_n_head_log2;
     float m0;
     float m1;
 
@@ -652,12 +1080,32 @@ struct vk_flash_attn_push_constants {
     uint32_t split_kv;
     uint32_t k_num;
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants) <= 128, "sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants) must be <= 128");
 
 struct vk_op_push_constants {
     uint32_t KX;
     uint32_t KY;
     float param1;
     float param2;
+    float param3;
+    float param4;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_count_experts_push_constants {
+    uint32_t ne00;
+    uint32_t ne01;
+    uint32_t nb00;
+    uint32_t nb01;
+    uint32_t a_offset;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_glu_push_constants {
+    uint32_t N;
+    uint32_t ne00;
+    uint32_t ne20;
+    uint32_t mode;  // 0: default, 1: swapped, 2: split
+    float alpha; // for swiglu_oai
+    float limit;
 };
 
 struct vk_op_unary_push_constants {
@@ -675,6 +1123,90 @@ struct vk_op_unary_push_constants {
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants) <= 128, "sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants) must be <= 128");
 
+static vk_op_unary_push_constants vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * dst, int64_t ne = 0) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne != 0 || (ggml_nelements(src0) == ggml_nelements(dst)));
+    ne = ne != 0 ? ne : ggml_nelements(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne <= (int64_t)std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p{};
+    p.ne = (uint32_t)ne;
+
+    size_t src0_tsize = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    p.ne00 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[0];
+    p.ne01 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[1];
+    p.ne02 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[2];
+    p.ne03 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[3];
+    p.nb00 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[0] / src0_tsize);
+    p.nb01 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[1] / src0_tsize);
+    p.nb02 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[2] / src0_tsize);
+    p.nb03 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[3] / src0_tsize);
+
+    size_t dst_tsize = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    p.ne10 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[0];
+    p.ne11 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[1];
+    p.ne12 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[2];
+    p.ne13 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[3];
+    p.nb10 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[0] / dst_tsize);
+    p.nb11 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[1] / dst_tsize);
+    p.nb12 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[2] / dst_tsize);
+    p.nb13 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[3] / dst_tsize);
+
+    return p; // offsets are initialized later in ggml_vk_op
+}
+
+struct vk_op_pad_push_constants {
+    uint32_t ne;
+    uint32_t ne00; uint32_t ne01; uint32_t ne02; uint32_t ne03; uint32_t nb00; uint32_t nb01; uint32_t nb02; uint32_t nb03;
+    uint32_t ne10; uint32_t ne11; uint32_t ne12; uint32_t ne13; uint32_t nb10; uint32_t nb11; uint32_t nb12; uint32_t nb13;
+    uint32_t misalign_offsets;
+    uint32_t circular;
+
+    uint32_t lp0; uint32_t rp0;
+    uint32_t lp1; uint32_t rp1;
+    uint32_t lp2; uint32_t rp2;
+    uint32_t lp3; uint32_t rp3;
+};
+
+static vk_op_pad_push_constants vk_op_pad_push_constants_init(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    int64_t ne = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne <= (int64_t)std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+
+    vk_op_pad_push_constants p{};
+    p.ne = (uint32_t)ne;
+
+    size_t src0_tsize = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    p.ne00 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[0];
+    p.ne01 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[1];
+    p.ne02 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[2];
+    p.ne03 = (uint32_t)src0->ne[3];
+    p.nb00 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[0] / src0_tsize);
+    p.nb01 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[1] / src0_tsize);
+    p.nb02 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[2] / src0_tsize);
+    p.nb03 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[3] / src0_tsize);
+
+    size_t dst_tsize = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    p.ne10 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[0];
+    p.ne11 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[1];
+    p.ne12 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[2];
+    p.ne13 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[3];
+    p.nb10 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[0] / dst_tsize);
+    p.nb11 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[1] / dst_tsize);
+    p.nb12 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[2] / dst_tsize);
+    p.nb13 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[3] / dst_tsize);
+
+    p.lp0 = dst->op_params[0];
+    p.rp0 = dst->op_params[1];
+    p.lp1 = dst->op_params[2];
+    p.rp1 = dst->op_params[3];
+    p.lp2 = dst->op_params[4];
+    p.rp2 = dst->op_params[5];
+    p.lp3 = dst->op_params[6];
+    p.rp3 = dst->op_params[7];
+    p.circular = dst->op_params[8];
+
+    return p; // fastdiv values and offsets are initialized later in ggml_vk_op
+}
+
 // See https://gmplib.org/~tege/divcnst-pldi94.pdf figure 4.1.
 // Precompute mp (m' in the paper) and L such that division
 // can be computed using a multiply (high 32b of 64b result)
@@ -716,6 +1248,41 @@ struct vk_op_binary_push_constants {
     float param1; float param2; int32_t param3;
 };
 
+struct vk_op_multi_add_push_constants {
+    // shape for dst
+    uint32_t ne20; uint32_t ne21; uint32_t ne22; uint32_t ne23;
+
+    // strides for srcs+dst
+    uint32_t nb[MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT][4];
+
+    uint32_t rms_partials;
+};
+// update multi_add.comp if this changes
+static_assert(MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT == 12);
+static_assert(sizeof(vk_op_multi_add_push_constants) <= 256);
+
+struct vk_op_topk_moe_push_constants {
+    uint32_t n_rows;
+    uint32_t n_experts_push;
+    uint32_t n_expert_used;
+    float clamp_min;
+    float clamp_max;
+    uint32_t gating_func;
+    uint32_t has_bias;
+    uint32_t with_norm;
+    float output_scale;
+    float output_bias;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_add_id_push_constants {
+    uint32_t ne0;
+    uint32_t ne1;
+    uint32_t s01;
+    uint32_t s02;
+    uint32_t s11;
+    uint32_t s21;
+};
+
 struct vk_op_diag_mask_push_constants {
     uint32_t ncols;
     uint32_t rows_per_channel;
@@ -723,41 +1290,82 @@ struct vk_op_diag_mask_push_constants {
 };
 
 struct vk_op_rope_push_constants {
-    uint32_t ncols;
+    uint32_t rope_mode;
+    uint32_t nrows;
     uint32_t n_dims;
     float freq_scale;
-    uint32_t p_delta_rows;
     float freq_base;
     float ext_factor;
     float attn_factor;
     float corr_dims[2];
     float theta_scale;
     uint32_t has_ff;
-    uint32_t ne02;
-    uint32_t s1;
-    uint32_t s2;
     int32_t sections[4];
+    uint32_t is_imrope;
     uint32_t is_back;
+    uint32_t set_rows_stride;
+    uint32_t ne00;
+    uint32_t ne01;
+    uint32_t ne02;
+    uint32_t nb01;
+    uint32_t nb02;
+    uint32_t nb03;
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants) <= 128, "sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants) must be <= 128");
+
+// For fused rms_norm+mul+rope(+view+set_rows)
+struct vk_op_rms_norm_mul_rope_push_constants {
+    vk_op_binary_push_constants bin;
+    vk_op_rope_push_constants rope;
 };
 
 struct vk_op_soft_max_push_constants {
     uint32_t KX;
     uint32_t KY;
+    uint32_t ne00;
+    uint32_t ne01;
+    uint32_t ne02;
+    uint32_t ne12;
+    uint32_t ne13;
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13;
     float scale;
     float max_bias;
     float m0;
     float m1;
     uint32_t n_head_log2;
     uint32_t nrows_x;
+    uint32_t has_sinks;
 };
 
 struct vk_op_argsort_push_constants {
     uint32_t ncols;
-    uint32_t ncols_pad;
-    int32_t order;
+    uint32_t ncols_padded;
+    uint32_t ncols_padded_log2;
+    uint32_t nrows;
+    uint32_t order;
+    uint32_t outer_start;
+    uint32_t outer_end;
+    uint32_t inner_start;
+    uint32_t inner_end;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_topk_push_constants {
+    uint32_t orig_ncols;
+    uint32_t ncols_input;
+    uint32_t ncols_output;
+    uint32_t k;
+    uint32_t nrows;
+    uint32_t first_pass;
+    uint32_t last_pass;
 };
 
 struct vk_op_im2col_push_constants {
+    uint64_t dst_addr;
     uint32_t batch_offset; uint32_t offset_delta;
     uint32_t IC;
     uint32_t IW; uint32_t IH;
@@ -768,6 +1376,39 @@ struct vk_op_im2col_push_constants {
     int32_t s0; int32_t s1;
     int32_t p0; int32_t p1;
     int32_t d0; int32_t d1;
+    uint32_t batch_IC;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_im2col_3d_push_constants {
+    uint64_t dst_addr;
+    uint32_t nb10;
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13;
+    uint32_t s0;
+    uint32_t s1;
+    uint32_t s2;
+    uint32_t p0;
+    uint32_t p1;
+    uint32_t p2;
+    uint32_t d0;
+    uint32_t d1;
+    uint32_t d2;
+    uint32_t IW;
+    uint32_t IH;
+    uint32_t ID;
+    uint32_t IC;
+    uint32_t KW;
+    uint32_t OH;
+    uint32_t KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t KH_KW;
+    uint32_t IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t N_OD_OH;
+    uint32_t OD_OH;
+    uint32_t OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t misalign_offsets;
 };
 
 struct vk_op_timestep_embedding_push_constants {
@@ -815,6 +1456,64 @@ struct vk_op_rwkv_wkv7_push_constants {
     uint32_t C;
     uint32_t H;
 };
+struct vk_op_gated_delta_net_push_constants {
+    uint32_t H;
+    uint32_t n_tokens;
+    uint32_t n_seqs;
+    uint32_t s_off;
+    uint32_t sq1, sq2, sq3;
+    uint32_t sv1, sv2, sv3;
+    uint32_t sb1, sb2, sb3;
+    uint32_t neq1, rq3;
+    float scale;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_ssm_scan_push_constants {
+    uint32_t nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13;
+    uint32_t nb21, nb22, nb31;
+    uint32_t nb42, nb43, nb52, nb53;
+    uint32_t s_off;
+    uint32_t n_head, d_head, n_group, n_tok;
+};
+struct vk_op_ssm_conv_push_constants {
+    uint32_t nb01, nb02;
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t dst_nb0, dst_nb1, dst_nb2;
+    uint32_t nc, ncs, nr, n_t, n_s;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_conv2d_push_constants {
+    uint32_t Cout;
+    uint32_t Cin;
+    uint32_t N;
+
+    uint32_t W;
+    uint32_t H;
+    uint32_t OW;
+    uint32_t OH;
+
+    uint32_t nb01;
+    uint32_t nb02;
+    uint32_t nb03;
+
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13;
+
+    uint32_t nb1;
+    uint32_t nb2;
+    uint32_t nb3;
+
+    // init_fastdiv_values constants for dividing by OW, OW*OH
+    uint32_t OWmp;   uint32_t OWL;
+    uint32_t OWOHmp; uint32_t OWOHL;
+};
+
+template <> void init_pushconst_fastdiv(vk_op_conv2d_push_constants &p) {
+    // Compute magic values to divide by OW, OW*OH
+    init_fastdiv_values(p.OW,       p.OWmp,    p.OWL);
+    init_fastdiv_values(p.OW*p.OH,  p.OWOHmp,  p.OWOHL);
+}
 
 struct vk_op_conv2d_dw_push_constants {
     uint32_t ne;
@@ -836,9 +1535,70 @@ struct vk_op_conv2d_dw_push_constants {
 
 struct vk_op_upscale_push_constants {
     uint32_t ne; uint32_t a_offset; uint32_t d_offset;
+    uint32_t ne00; uint32_t ne01;
     uint32_t nb00; uint32_t nb01; uint32_t nb02; uint32_t nb03;
     uint32_t ne10; uint32_t ne11; uint32_t ne12; uint32_t ne13;
     float sf0; float sf1; float sf2; float sf3;
+    float pixel_offset;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants
+{
+    uint32_t n_cols;
+    uint32_t ne01, ne02;
+    uint32_t nb01, nb02, nb03;
+    uint32_t nb11, nb12, nb13;
+    float weight;
+    uint32_t misalign_offsets;
+    uint32_t ne0_12mp, ne0_12L;
+    uint32_t ne0_1mp, ne0_1L;
+};
+
+static vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants_init(const ggml_tensor * src, const ggml_tensor * dst, int64_t n_cols) {
+    uint32_t type_size = (uint32_t)ggml_type_size(src->type);
+    vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants p = {};
+    p.n_cols = (uint32_t)n_cols;
+    p.ne01 = (uint32_t)src->ne[1];
+    p.ne02 = (uint32_t)src->ne[2];
+    p.nb01 = (uint32_t)src->nb[1] / type_size;
+    p.nb02 = (uint32_t)src->nb[2] / type_size;
+    p.nb03 = (uint32_t)src->nb[3] / type_size;
+    p.nb11 = (uint32_t)dst->nb[1] / type_size;
+    p.nb12 = (uint32_t)dst->nb[2] / type_size;
+    p.nb13 = (uint32_t)dst->nb[3] / type_size;
+    p.weight = 1.0f;
+    return p;
+}
+
+template <> void init_pushconst_fastdiv(vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants &p) {
+    init_fastdiv_values(p.ne01*p.ne02, p.ne0_12mp, p.ne0_12L);
+    init_fastdiv_values(p.ne01,        p.ne0_1mp,  p.ne0_1L);
+}
+
+struct vk_quantize_q8_1_push_constants {
+    uint32_t ne;
+    uint32_t num_blocks;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_flash_attn_split_k_reduce_push_constants {
+    uint32_t D;
+    uint32_t ne1;
+    uint32_t ne2;
+    uint32_t ne3;
+    uint32_t k_num;
+    uint32_t sinks;
+};
+
+struct vk_op_flash_attn_mask_opt_push_constants {
+    uint32_t nem0;
+    uint32_t nem1;
+    uint32_t nem2;
+    uint32_t nbm1;
+    uint32_t nbm2;
+    uint32_t nbm3;
+    uint32_t nbd1;
+    uint32_t nbd2;
+    uint32_t nbd3;
 };
 
 // Allow pre-recording command buffers
@@ -850,6 +1610,14 @@ struct vk_staging_memcpy {
     size_t n;
 };
 
+struct vk_staging_memset {
+    vk_staging_memset(void * _dst, uint32_t _val, size_t _n) : dst(_dst), val(_val), n(_n) {}
+
+    void * dst;
+    uint32_t val;
+    size_t n;
+};
+
 struct vk_context_struct {
     vk_submission * s;
     std::vector<vk_sequence> seqs;
@@ -858,6 +1626,7 @@ struct vk_context_struct {
 
     std::vector<vk_staging_memcpy> in_memcpys;
     std::vector<vk_staging_memcpy> out_memcpys;
+    std::vector<vk_staging_memset> memsets;
 
     vk_command_pool * p {};
 };
@@ -868,12 +1637,16 @@ struct ggml_vk_garbage_collector {
     std::vector<vk_semaphore> tl_semaphores;
     std::vector<vk_semaphore> semaphores;
     std::vector<vk::Event> events;
-    std::vector<vk_buffer> temp_buffers;
     std::vector<vk_context> contexts;
 };
 
-#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG) || defined(GGML_VULKAN_DEBUG)
-#define VK_LOG_MEMORY(msg) std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan memory: " << msg << std::endl
+static void ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context subctx);
+static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device);
+static void ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx);
+
+static bool vk_memory_logger_enabled = false;
+
+#define VK_LOG_MEMORY(msg) if (vk_memory_logger_enabled) { std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan memory: " << msg << std::endl; }
 
 static std::string format_size(size_t size) {
     const size_t kib = 1024;
@@ -896,8 +1669,6 @@ static std::string format_size(size_t size) {
     return oss.str();
 }
 
-static std::mutex log_mutex;
-
 class vk_memory_logger {
 public:
     vk_memory_logger(): total_device(0), total_host(0) {}
@@ -908,48 +1679,182 @@ class vk_memory_logger {
     std::map<vk::Buffer, size_t> allocations; // Track allocations
     size_t total_device;
     size_t total_host;
+    static std::mutex log_mutex;
 };
-#else
-#define VK_LOG_MEMORY(msg) ((void) 0)
-#endif // GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
+
+std::mutex vk_memory_logger::log_mutex;
+
+static bool vk_perf_logger_enabled = false;
+static bool vk_perf_logger_concurrent = false;
+static bool vk_enable_sync_logger = false;
+// number of calls between perf logger prints
+static uint32_t vk_perf_logger_frequency = 1;
+static std::string vk_pipeline_stats_filter;
 
 class vk_perf_logger {
-public:
-    void print_timings() {
+  public:
+    void print_timings(bool force = false) {
+        if (timings.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        print_count++;
+        if ((print_count % vk_perf_logger_frequency) != 0 && !force) {
+            return;
+        }
+        print_count = 0;
+        uint64_t total_all_op_times = 0;
         std::cerr << "----------------\nVulkan Timings:" << std::endl;
-        for (const auto& t : timings) {
-            uint64_t total = 0;
-            for (const auto& time : t.second) {
-                total += time;
+        for (const auto & t : timings) {
+            uint64_t total_op_times = 0;
+            for (const auto & time : t.second) {
+                total_op_times += time;
+            }
+            std::cerr << t.first << ": " << t.second.size() << " x " << (total_op_times / t.second.size() / 1000.0)
+                      << " us = " << (total_op_times / 1000.0) << " us";
+
+            // If we have as many flops entries as timing entries for the op, then compute and log the flops/S.
+            auto it = flops.find(t.first);
+            if (it != flops.end() && (it->second).size() == t.second.size()) {
+                uint64_t total_op_flops = 0;
+                for (const auto & elem : it->second) {
+                    total_op_flops += elem;
+                }
+                std::cerr << " ("
+                          << (double(total_op_flops) / (1000.0 * 1000.0 * 1000.0)) /
+                                 (double(total_op_times) / (1000.0 * 1000.0 * 1000.0))
+                          << " GFLOPS/s)";
             }
-            std::cerr << t.first << ": " << t.second.size() << " x " << (total / t.second.size() / 1000.0) << " us" << std::endl;
+
+            total_all_op_times += total_op_times;
+
+            std::cerr << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        if (timings.size() > 0) {
+            std::cerr << "Total time: " << total_all_op_times / 1000.0 << " us." << std::endl;
         }
 
         timings.clear();
+        flops.clear();
     }
 
-    void log_timing(const ggml_tensor * node, uint64_t time) {
+    std::string get_node_fusion_name(const ggml_tensor * node, const char *fusion_name, uint64_t *n_flops) {
+        *n_flops = 0;
+        std::string fusion_str;
+        if (fusion_name) {
+            fusion_str = fusion_name + std::string(" ");
+        }
         if (node->op == GGML_OP_UNARY) {
-            timings[ggml_unary_op_name(ggml_get_unary_op(node))].push_back(time);
-            return;
+            return fusion_str + ggml_unary_op_name(ggml_get_unary_op(node));
         }
         if (node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT || node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
-            const uint64_t m = node->src[0]->ne[1];
-            const uint64_t n = node->src[1]->ne[1];
-            const uint64_t k = node->src[1]->ne[0];
-            std::string name = ggml_op_name(node->op);
-            if (n == 1) {
-                name += "_VEC m=" + std::to_string(m) + " k=" + std::to_string(k);
-            } else {
-                name += " m=" + std::to_string(m) + " n=" + std::to_string(n) + " k=" + std::to_string(k);
+            const uint64_t m     = node->ne[0];
+            const uint64_t n     = node->ne[1];
+            const uint64_t k     = node->src[1]->ne[0];
+            const uint64_t batch = node->ne[2] * node->ne[3];
+            std::string    name  = ggml_op_name(node->op);
+            if ((node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && n <= mul_mat_vec_max_cols) ||
+                (node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && node->src[2]->ne[1] == 1)) {
+                name += "_VEC";
+            }
+            name += " ";
+            name += ggml_type_name(node->src[0]->type);
+            name += " m=" + std::to_string(m) + " n=" + std::to_string(n) + " k=" + std::to_string(k);
+            if (node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
+                name += " n_expert=" + std::to_string(node->src[0]->ne[2]);
+            }
+            if (batch > 1) {
+                name += " batch=" + std::to_string(batch);
+            }
+            name = fusion_str + name;
+            *n_flops = m * n * (k + (k - 1)) * batch;
+            return name;
+        }
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_CONV_2D || node->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D) {
+            std::string   name    = ggml_op_name(node->op);
+            ggml_tensor * knl     = node->src[0];
+            uint64_t      OW      = node->ne[0];
+            uint64_t      OH      = node->ne[1];
+            uint64_t      N       = node->ne[3];
+            uint64_t      Cout    = node->ne[2];
+            uint64_t      KW      = knl->ne[0];
+            uint64_t      KH      = knl->ne[1];
+            uint64_t      Cin     = node->src[1]->ne[2];
+            // KxCRS @ CRSxNPQ = KxNPQ -> M=K, K=CRS, N=NPQ
+            uint64_t      size_M  = Cout;
+            uint64_t      size_K  = Cin * KW * KH;
+            uint64_t      size_N  = N * OW * OH;
+            *n_flops = size_M * size_N * (size_K + (size_K - 1));
+            name += " M=Cout=" + std::to_string(size_M) + ", K=Cin*KW*KH=" + std::to_string(size_K) +
+                    ", N=N*OW*OH=" + std::to_string(size_N);
+            name = fusion_str + name;
+            return name;
+        }
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+            std::string   name    = ggml_op_name(node->op);
+            name += "(" + std::to_string(node->ne[0]) + "," + std::to_string(node->ne[1]) + "," + std::to_string(node->ne[2]) + "," + std::to_string(node->ne[3]) + ")";
+            name = fusion_str + name;
+            return name;
+        }
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT) {
+            const ggml_tensor * dst = node;
+            const ggml_tensor * q = node->src[0];
+            const ggml_tensor * k = node->src[1];
+            const ggml_tensor * v = node->src[2];
+            const ggml_tensor * m = node->src[3];
+            std::stringstream name;
+            name << fusion_str;
+            name << ggml_op_name(node->op) <<
+                " dst(" << dst->ne[0] << "," << dst->ne[1] << "," << dst->ne[2] << "," << dst->ne[3] << "), " <<
+                " q(" << q->ne[0] << "," << q->ne[1] << "," << q->ne[2] << "," << q->ne[3] << "), " <<
+                " k(" << k->ne[0] << "," << k->ne[1] << "," << k->ne[2] << "," << k->ne[3] << "), " <<
+                " v(" << v->ne[0] << "," << v->ne[1] << "," << v->ne[2] << "," << v->ne[3] << "), " <<
+                " m(" << (m?m->ne[0]:0) << "," << (m?m->ne[1]:0) << "," << (m?m->ne[2]:0) << "," << (m?m->ne[3]:0) << ")";
+            *n_flops = 2ull * q->ne[1] * q->ne[2] * (k->ne[0] + v->ne[0]) * k->ne[1] * q->ne[3];
+            return name.str();
+        }
+        if (node->op == GGML_OP_TOP_K) {
+            std::stringstream name;
+            name << fusion_str;
+            name << ggml_op_name(node->op) <<
+                " K=" << node->ne[0] <<
+                " (" << node->src[0]->ne[0] << "," << node->src[0]->ne[1] << "," << node->src[0]->ne[2] << "," << node->src[0]->ne[3] << ")";
+            return name.str();
+        }
+        return fusion_str + ggml_op_name(node->op);
+    }
+
+    void log_timing(const ggml_tensor * node, const char *fusion_name, uint64_t time) {
+        uint64_t n_flops;
+        std::string name = get_node_fusion_name(node, fusion_name, &n_flops);
+        if (n_flops) {
+            flops[name].push_back(n_flops);
+        }
+        timings[name].push_back(time);
+    }
+
+    void log_timing(const std::vector<ggml_tensor *> &nodes, const std::vector<const char *> &names, uint64_t time) {
+        uint64_t total_flops = 0;
+        std::string name;
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < nodes.size(); ++n) {
+            uint64_t n_flops = 0;
+            name += get_node_fusion_name(nodes[n], names[n], &n_flops);
+            total_flops += n_flops;
+
+            if (n != nodes.size() - 1) {
+                name += ", ";
             }
-            timings[name].push_back(time);
-            return;
         }
-        timings[ggml_op_name(node->op)].push_back(time);
+        if (total_flops) {
+            flops[name].push_back(total_flops);
+        }
+        timings[name].push_back(time);
     }
-private:
+
+  private:
     std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint64_t>> timings;
+    std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint64_t>> flops;
+    uint32_t print_count {};
 };
 
 struct ggml_backend_vk_context {
@@ -959,15 +1864,35 @@ struct ggml_backend_vk_context {
 
     size_t semaphore_idx, event_idx;
     ggml_vk_garbage_collector gc;
-    size_t prealloc_size_x, prealloc_size_y, prealloc_size_split_k;
-    vk_buffer prealloc_x, prealloc_y, prealloc_split_k;
+    size_t prealloc_size_x, prealloc_size_y, prealloc_size_split_k, prealloc_size_add_rms_partials, prealloc_size_add_rms_partials_offset;
+    vk_buffer prealloc_x, prealloc_y, prealloc_split_k, prealloc_add_rms_partials, sync_staging;
     vk::Fence fence, almost_ready_fence;
+    bool submit_pending {};
     bool almost_ready_fence_pending {};
+    // Set before op_add and unset after op_rms_norm to indicate that the add should
+    // write partial sums to accumulate the square of the vector components
+    bool do_add_rms_partials_offset_calculation;
+    bool do_add_rms_partials;
+
+    uint64_t last_total_mul_mat_bytes {};
 
-    vk_buffer buffer_pool[MAX_VK_BUFFERS];
+    // Cache most recent tensor that was converted into prealloc_y, and what pipeline it used to convert.
+    vk_pipeline_struct * prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used {};
+    const ggml_tensor * prealloc_y_last_tensor_used {};
+
+    // Track which nodes have been used since the last sync, and whether they were written to
+    std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> unsynced_nodes_written;
+    std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> unsynced_nodes_read;
+    // Track which prealloc buffers have pending reads that need to be synchronized.
+    // These are checked before writing to the buffer (and call ggml_vk_sync_buffers if set),
+    // and set to true after the buffer contents are consumed.
+    bool prealloc_x_need_sync, prealloc_y_need_sync, prealloc_split_k_need_sync;
 
     vk_context_ref compute_ctx;
+
     vk_context_ref transfer_ctx;
+    vk_semaphore transfer_semaphore;
+    uint64_t transfer_semaphore_last_submitted {};
 
     std::vector<vk_context_ref> tensor_ctxs;
 
@@ -978,9 +1903,29 @@ struct ggml_backend_vk_context {
 
     vk_command_pool compute_cmd_pool;
     vk_command_pool transfer_cmd_pool;
-};
 
-static void * const vk_ptr_base = (void *)(uintptr_t) 0x1000;  // NOLINT
+    // number of additional consecutive nodes that are being fused with the
+    // node currently being processed
+    int num_additional_fused_ops {};
+    // Bitmask of which fused ops need to write an intermediate value to memory.
+    // Bit 'i' means nodes[start_of_fusion + i] writes to memory.
+    // If there's no fusion, bit 0 is still set.
+    int fused_ops_write_mask {};
+    topk_moe_mode fused_topk_moe_mode {};
+    bool fused_topk_moe_scale {};
+
+    // for GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER
+    std::unique_ptr<vk_perf_logger> perf_logger;
+    vk::QueryPool query_pool;
+    std::vector<const char *> query_fusion_names;
+    std::vector<int> query_fusion_node_count;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> query_nodes;
+    std::vector<int> query_node_idx;
+    int32_t num_queries {};
+    int32_t query_idx {};
+};
+
+static void * const vk_ptr_base = (void *)(uintptr_t) 0x1000;  // NOLINT
 
 static uint64_t vk_tensor_offset(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     if (tensor->view_src) {
@@ -989,6 +1934,50 @@ static uint64_t vk_tensor_offset(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     return (uint8_t *) tensor->data - (uint8_t *) vk_ptr_base;
 }
 
+static uint32_t get_misalign_bytes(const ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor * t)
+{
+    return ((vk_tensor_offset(t) + t->view_offs) & (ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1));;
+}
+
+template <typename T> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, T &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(p);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+    static_assert(!std::is_const<T>::value, "unexpected type");
+    GGML_ASSERT(!src0 || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src0) == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src1) == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!src2 || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src2) == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!src3 || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src3) == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!dst  || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) == 0);
+}
+
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_mat_vec_p021_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t b_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    p.b_offset = b_offset;
+    p.d_offset = d_offset;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(src0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
+}
+
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_mat_vec_nc_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t b_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    p.b_offset = b_offset;
+    p.d_offset = d_offset;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(src0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
+}
+
 struct ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context {
     vk_device_ref device;
     vk_buffer dev_buffer;
@@ -1005,8 +1994,10 @@ struct ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context {
     }
 };
 
-#ifdef GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
 void vk_memory_logger::log_allocation(vk_buffer_ref buf_ref, size_t size) {
+    if (!vk_memory_logger_enabled) {
+        return;
+    }
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(log_mutex);
     vk_buffer buf = buf_ref.lock();
     const bool device = bool(buf->memory_property_flags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
@@ -1018,7 +2009,7 @@ void vk_memory_logger::log_allocation(vk_buffer_ref buf_ref, size_t size) {
 }
 
 void vk_memory_logger::log_deallocation(vk_buffer_ref buf_ref) {
-    if (buf_ref.expired() || buf_ref.lock()->size == 0) {
+    if (buf_ref.expired() || buf_ref.lock()->size == 0 || !vk_memory_logger_enabled) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1036,33 +2027,45 @@ void vk_memory_logger::log_deallocation(vk_buffer_ref buf_ref) {
         VK_LOG_MEMORY("ERROR " << buf->device->name << ": Attempted to deallocate unknown " << type << " memory at " << buf->buffer);
     }
 }
-#endif // GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
 
 struct vk_instance_t {
     vk::Instance instance;
 
+    bool debug_utils_support = false;  // VK_EXT_debug_utils enabled
+    PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT pfn_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT = {};
+    PFN_vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT pfn_vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT = {};
+    PFN_vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT   pfn_vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT   = {};
+    PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT   pfn_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT   = {};
+    PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT pfn_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT = {};
+    PFN_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT  pfn_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT  = {};
+
     std::vector<size_t> device_indices;
+    std::vector<bool>   device_supports_membudget;
     vk_device devices[GGML_VK_MAX_DEVICES];
 };
 
 static bool vk_instance_initialized = false;
 static vk_instance_t vk_instance;
 
-static bool vk_perf_logger_enabled = false;
-
 #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS
 static size_t vk_skip_checks;
 static size_t vk_output_tensor;
 
 static void ggml_vk_print_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const char * name);
-static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_tensor * tensor);
-static void ggml_vk_check_results_1(ggml_tensor * tensor);
+static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int tensor_idx);
+static void ggml_vk_check_results_1(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int tensor_idx);
 #endif
 
 typedef void (*ggml_vk_func_t)(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 static void ggml_backend_vk_free(ggml_backend_t backend);
 
+static VkDeviceSize ggml_vk_get_max_buffer_range(const ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const vk_buffer &buf, const VkDeviceSize offset) {
+    const VkDeviceSize range = std::min(VkDeviceSize{buf->size - offset},
+                                        VkDeviceSize{ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange});
+    return range;
+}
+
 // Wait for ctx->fence to be signaled.
 static void ggml_vk_wait_for_fence(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
     // Use waitForFences while most of the graph executes. Hopefully the CPU can sleep
@@ -1159,7 +2162,9 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
     }
 
     vk::ComputePipelineCreateInfo compute_pipeline_create_info(
-        vk::PipelineCreateFlags{},
+        device->pipeline_executable_properties_support ?
+            vk::PipelineCreateFlagBits::eCaptureStatisticsKHR :
+            vk::PipelineCreateFlags{},
         pipeline_shader_create_info,
         pipeline->layout);
 
@@ -1171,6 +2176,19 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
         compute_pipeline_create_info.setPNext(&rci);
     }
 
+#if defined(VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing)
+    vk::PipelineCreateFlags2CreateInfo pipelineFlags2CreateInfo;
+    if (pipeline->is_64b_indexing)
+    {
+        pipelineFlags2CreateInfo.flags = vk::PipelineCreateFlagBits2::e64BitIndexingEXT;
+        if (device->pipeline_executable_properties_support) {
+            pipelineFlags2CreateInfo.flags |= vk::PipelineCreateFlagBits2::eCaptureStatisticsKHR;
+        }
+        pipelineFlags2CreateInfo.setPNext(compute_pipeline_create_info.pNext);
+        compute_pipeline_create_info.setPNext(&pipelineFlags2CreateInfo);
+    }
+#endif
+
     try {
         pipeline->pipeline = device->device.createComputePipeline(VK_NULL_HANDLE, compute_pipeline_create_info).value;
     } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
@@ -1180,11 +2198,55 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
     }
     pipeline->compiled = true;
 
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(device->mutex);
-        device->pipelines.insert({ pipeline->name, pipeline });
+    if (vk_instance.debug_utils_support) {
+        vk::DebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT duoni;
+        duoni.objectType = vk::ObjectType::ePipeline;
+        duoni.pObjectName = pipeline->name.c_str();
+        duoni.objectHandle = /*reinterpret_cast*/(uint64_t)(static_cast<VkPipeline>(pipeline->pipeline));
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device->device, &static_cast<VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT &>(duoni));
+    }
+
+    if (device->pipeline_executable_properties_support) {
+        vk::PipelineExecutableInfoKHR executableInfo;
+        executableInfo.pipeline = pipeline->pipeline;
+
+        auto statistics = device->device.getPipelineExecutableStatisticsKHR(executableInfo);
+
+        bool print_stats = !vk_pipeline_stats_filter.empty() &&
+                           pipeline->name.find(vk_pipeline_stats_filter) != std::string::npos;
+        if (print_stats) {
+            std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: pipeline stats for " << pipeline->name << ":" << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        for (auto & s : statistics) {
+            if (print_stats) {
+                std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan:   " << s.name.data() << ": ";
+                switch (s.format) {
+                    case vk::PipelineExecutableStatisticFormatKHR::eBool32:
+                        std::cerr << (s.value.b32 ? "true" : "false");
+                        break;
+                    case vk::PipelineExecutableStatisticFormatKHR::eInt64:
+                        std::cerr << s.value.i64;
+                        break;
+                    case vk::PipelineExecutableStatisticFormatKHR::eUint64:
+                        std::cerr << s.value.u64;
+                        break;
+                    case vk::PipelineExecutableStatisticFormatKHR::eFloat64:
+                        std::cerr << s.value.f64;
+                        break;
+                }
+                std::cerr << std::endl;
+            }
+            // "Register Count" is reported by NVIDIA drivers.
+            if (strcmp(s.name, "Register Count") == 0) {
+                VK_LOG_DEBUG(pipeline->name << " " << s.name << ": " << s.value.u64 << " registers");
+                pipeline->register_count = (uint32_t)s.value.u64;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
+    device->all_pipelines.push_back(pipeline);
+
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
         assert(compile_count > 0);
@@ -1207,8 +2269,9 @@ static void ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ggml_backend_vk_context *ctx,
     ctx->pipeline_descriptor_set_requirements += n;
     if (!pipeline->compiled) {
         pipeline->needed = true;
-        ctx->device->need_compiles = true;
+        ggml_vk_load_shaders(ctx->device);
     }
+    ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ctx);
 }
 
 static void ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
@@ -1220,7 +2283,9 @@ static void ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx
 
     vk_device& device = ctx->device;
 
-    uint32_t to_alloc = ctx->pipeline_descriptor_set_requirements - ctx->descriptor_sets.size();
+    // Grow by 50% to avoid frequent allocations
+    uint32_t needed = std::max(3 * ctx->descriptor_sets.size() / 2, size_t{ctx->pipeline_descriptor_set_requirements});
+    uint32_t to_alloc = needed - ctx->descriptor_sets.size();
     uint32_t pool_remaining = VK_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_SIZE - ctx->descriptor_sets.size() % VK_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_SIZE;
     uint32_t pool_idx = ctx->descriptor_sets.size() / VK_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_SIZE;
 
@@ -1247,25 +2312,15 @@ static void ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx
     }
 }
 
-static vk::CommandBuffer ggml_vk_create_cmd_buffer(vk_device& device, vk_command_pool& p) {
+static vk_command_buffer* ggml_vk_create_cmd_buffer(vk_device& device, vk_command_pool& p) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_create_cmd_buffer()");
-
-    if (p.cmd_buffers.size() > p.cmd_buffer_idx) {
-        // Reuse command buffer
-        return p.cmd_buffers[p.cmd_buffer_idx++];
-    }
-
     vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo command_buffer_alloc_info(
         p.pool,
         vk::CommandBufferLevel::ePrimary,
         1);
     const std::vector<vk::CommandBuffer> cmd_buffers = device->device.allocateCommandBuffers(command_buffer_alloc_info);
-    auto buf = cmd_buffers.front();
-
-    p.cmd_buffers.push_back(buf);
-    p.cmd_buffer_idx++;
-
-    return buf;
+    p.cmd_buffers.push_back({ cmd_buffers.front(), true });
+    return &p.cmd_buffers[p.cmd_buffers.size()-1];
 }
 
 static void ggml_vk_submit(vk_context& ctx, vk::Fence fence) {
@@ -1332,7 +2387,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_submit(vk_context& ctx, vk::Fence fence) {
                 tl_wait_semaphores[idx].data(),
                 stage_flags[idx].data(),
                 1,
-                &submission.buffer,
+                &submission.buffer->buf,
                 (uint32_t) submission.signal_semaphores.size(),
                 tl_signal_semaphores[idx].data(),
             };
@@ -1395,7 +2450,7 @@ static uint32_t ggml_vk_find_queue_family_index(std::vector<vk::QueueFamilyPrope
 
 static void ggml_vk_create_queue(vk_device& device, vk_queue& q, uint32_t queue_family_index, uint32_t queue_index, vk::PipelineStageFlags&& stage_flags, bool transfer_only) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_create_queue()");
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(device->mutex);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(device->mutex);
 
     q.queue_family_index = queue_family_index;
     q.transfer_only = transfer_only;
@@ -1456,7 +2511,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(vk_device& device, vk_command_pool& p)
 
     // Requires command buffers to be done
     device->device.resetCommandPool(p.pool);
-    p.cmd_buffer_idx = 0;
+    // Don't clear the command buffers and mark them as not in use.
+    // This allows us to reuse them
+    for (auto& cmd_buffer : p.cmd_buffers) {
+        cmd_buffer.in_use = false;
+    }
 }
 
 static void ggml_vk_queue_command_pools_cleanup(vk_device& device) {
@@ -1465,31 +2524,33 @@ static void ggml_vk_queue_command_pools_cleanup(vk_device& device) {
     // Arbitrary frequency to cleanup/reuse command buffers
     static constexpr uint32_t cleanup_frequency = 10;
 
-    if (device->compute_queue.cmd_pool.cmd_buffer_idx >= cleanup_frequency) {
+    if (device->compute_queue.cmd_pool.buffers_in_use() >= cleanup_frequency) {
         ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(device, device->compute_queue.cmd_pool);
     }
-    if (device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool.cmd_buffer_idx >= cleanup_frequency) {
+    if (device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool.buffers_in_use() >= cleanup_frequency) {
         ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(device, device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool);
     }
 }
 
+static std::vector<uint32_t> ggml_vk_find_memory_properties(const vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties* mem_props, vk::MemoryRequirements* mem_req, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags flags) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
 
-static uint32_t find_properties(const vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties* mem_props, vk::MemoryRequirements* mem_req, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags flags) {
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mem_props->memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
         vk::MemoryType memory_type = mem_props->memoryTypes[i];
         if ((mem_req->memoryTypeBits & ((uint64_t)1 << i)) &&
             (flags & memory_type.propertyFlags) == flags &&
             mem_props->memoryHeaps[memory_type.heapIndex].size >= mem_req->size) {
-            return static_cast<int32_t>(i);
+            indices.push_back(i);
         }
     }
-    return UINT32_MAX;
+    return indices;
 }
 
-static vk_buffer ggml_vk_create_buffer(vk_device& device, size_t size, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags req_flags, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags fallback_flags = vk::MemoryPropertyFlags(0)) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_create_buffer(" << device->name << ", " << size << ", " << to_string(req_flags) << ", " << to_string(fallback_flags) << ")");
-    if (size > device->max_memory_allocation_size) {
-        throw vk::OutOfDeviceMemoryError("Requested buffer size exceeds device memory allocation limit");
+static vk_buffer ggml_vk_create_buffer(vk_device& device, size_t size, const std::initializer_list<vk::MemoryPropertyFlags> & req_flags_list,
+                                       void *import_ptr = nullptr) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_create_buffer(" << device->name << ", " << size << ", " << to_string(req_flags_list.begin()[0]) << ", " << to_string(req_flags_list.begin()[req_flags_list.size()-1]) << ")");
+    if (size > device->max_buffer_size) {
+        throw vk::OutOfDeviceMemoryError("Requested buffer size exceeds device buffer size limit");
     }
 
     vk_buffer buf = std::make_shared<vk_buffer_struct>();
@@ -1499,61 +2560,132 @@ static vk_buffer ggml_vk_create_buffer(vk_device& device, size_t size, vk::Memor
         return buf;
     }
 
+    vk::BufferUsageFlags usage_flags = vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eStorageBuffer | vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst;
+    vk::MemoryAllocateFlags mem_flags {};
+    if (device->buffer_device_address) {
+        usage_flags |= vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eShaderDeviceAddress;
+        mem_flags |= vk::MemoryAllocateFlagBits::eDeviceAddress;
+    }
+
     vk::BufferCreateInfo buffer_create_info{
         vk::BufferCreateFlags(),
         size,
-        vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eStorageBuffer | vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst,
+        usage_flags,
         vk::SharingMode::eExclusive,
         0,
         nullptr,
     };
 
+    vk::ExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo external_memory_bci;
+    if (import_ptr) {
+        external_memory_bci.handleTypes = vk::ExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits::eHostAllocationEXT;
+        buffer_create_info.setPNext(&external_memory_bci);
+    }
+
     buf->buffer = device->device.createBuffer(buffer_create_info);
 
     vk::MemoryRequirements mem_req = device->device.getBufferMemoryRequirements(buf->buffer);
 
     vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mem_props = device->physical_device.getMemoryProperties();
 
-    uint32_t memory_type_index = UINT32_MAX;
+    const vk::MemoryPriorityAllocateInfoEXT mem_priority_info { 1.0f };
 
-    memory_type_index = find_properties(&mem_props, &mem_req, req_flags);
-    buf->memory_property_flags = req_flags;
-
-    if (memory_type_index == UINT32_MAX && fallback_flags) {
-        memory_type_index = find_properties(&mem_props, &mem_req, fallback_flags);
-        buf->memory_property_flags = fallback_flags;
-    }
+    vk::MemoryAllocateFlagsInfo mem_flags_info { mem_flags };
 
-    if (memory_type_index == UINT32_MAX) {
-        device->device.destroyBuffer(buf->buffer);
-        throw vk::OutOfDeviceMemoryError("No suitable memory type found");
+    if (device->memory_priority) {
+        mem_flags_info.setPNext(&mem_priority_info);
     }
 
-    try {
-        buf->device_memory = device->device.allocateMemory({ mem_req.size, memory_type_index });
-    } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
-        if (buf->memory_property_flags != fallback_flags) {
-            // Try again with fallback flags
-            memory_type_index = find_properties(&mem_props, &mem_req, fallback_flags);
-            buf->memory_property_flags = fallback_flags;
+    if (import_ptr) {
+        vk::MemoryHostPointerPropertiesEXT host_pointer_props;
+        try {
+            host_pointer_props = device->device.getMemoryHostPointerPropertiesEXT(vk::ExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits::eHostAllocationEXT, import_ptr);
+        } catch (vk::SystemError& e) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_vulkan: Failed getMemoryHostPointerPropertiesEXT (%s)\n", e.what());
+            device->device.destroyBuffer(buf->buffer);
+            return {};
+        }
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mem_props = device->physical_device.getMemoryProperties();
 
-            try {
-                buf->device_memory = device->device.allocateMemory({ mem_req.size, memory_type_index });
+        uint32_t memory_type_idx;
+        vk::MemoryPropertyFlags property_flags = *req_flags_list.begin();
+        for (memory_type_idx = 0; memory_type_idx < 32; ++memory_type_idx) {
+            if (!(host_pointer_props.memoryTypeBits & (1u << memory_type_idx))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!(mem_req.memoryTypeBits & (1u << memory_type_idx))) {
+                continue;
             }
-            catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
-                device->device.destroyBuffer(buf->buffer);
-                throw e;
+
+            vk::MemoryType memory_type = mem_props.memoryTypes[memory_type_idx];
+            // check for visible+coherent+cached. Other flags (e.g. devicelocal) are allowed
+            if ((memory_type.propertyFlags & property_flags) == property_flags) {
+                property_flags = memory_type.propertyFlags;
+                break;
             }
-        } else {
-            // Out of Host/Device memory, clean up buffer
+        }
+        if (memory_type_idx == 32) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_vulkan: Memory type for host allocation not found\n");
             device->device.destroyBuffer(buf->buffer);
-            throw e;
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        buf->memory_property_flags = mem_props.memoryTypes[memory_type_idx].propertyFlags;
+        try {
+            vk::ImportMemoryHostPointerInfoEXT import_info;
+            import_info.handleType = vk::ExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits::eHostAllocationEXT;
+            import_info.pHostPointer = import_ptr;
+            import_info.setPNext(&mem_flags_info);
+            buf->device_memory = device->device.allocateMemory({ size, memory_type_idx, &import_info });
+        } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (auto it = req_flags_list.begin(); it != req_flags_list.end(); it++) {
+            const auto & req_flags = *it;
+
+            const std::vector<uint32_t> memory_type_indices = ggml_vk_find_memory_properties(&mem_props, &mem_req, req_flags);
+
+            if (memory_type_indices.empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            buf->memory_property_flags = req_flags;
+
+            bool done = false;
+
+            for (auto mtype_it = memory_type_indices.begin(); mtype_it != memory_type_indices.end(); mtype_it++) {
+                try {
+                    buf->device_memory = device->device.allocateMemory({ mem_req.size, *mtype_it, &mem_flags_info });
+                    done = true;
+                    break;
+                } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
+                    // loop and retry
+                    // during last attempt throw the exception
+                    if (it + 1 == req_flags_list.end() && mtype_it + 1 == memory_type_indices.end()) {
+                        device->device.destroyBuffer(buf->buffer);
+                        throw e;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (done) {
+                break;
+            }
         }
     }
+
+    if (!buf->device_memory) {
+        device->device.destroyBuffer(buf->buffer);
+        throw vk::OutOfDeviceMemoryError("No suitable memory type found");
+    }
+
     buf->ptr = nullptr;
 
-    if (buf->memory_property_flags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible) {
-        buf->ptr = device->device.mapMemory(buf->device_memory, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE);
+    if (import_ptr) {
+        buf->ptr = import_ptr;
+    } else {
+        if (buf->memory_property_flags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible) {
+            buf->ptr = device->device.mapMemory(buf->device_memory, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE);
+        }
     }
 
     device->device.bindBufferMemory(buf->buffer, buf->device_memory, 0);
@@ -1561,16 +2693,19 @@ static vk_buffer ggml_vk_create_buffer(vk_device& device, size_t size, vk::Memor
     buf->device = device;
     buf->size = size;
 
-#ifdef GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
+    if (device->buffer_device_address) {
+        const vk::BufferDeviceAddressInfo addressInfo(buf->buffer);
+        buf->bda_addr = device->device.getBufferAddress(addressInfo);
+    }
+
     device->memory_logger->log_allocation(buf, size);
-#endif
 
     return buf;
 }
 
 static vk_buffer ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(vk_device& device, size_t size, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags req_flags, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags fallback_flags = vk::MemoryPropertyFlags(0)) {
     try {
-        return ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, req_flags, fallback_flags);
+        return ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, {req_flags, fallback_flags});
     } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
         std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Memory allocation of size " << size << " failed." << std::endl;
         std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: " << e.what() << std::endl;
@@ -1582,13 +2717,29 @@ static vk_buffer ggml_vk_create_buffer_device(vk_device& device, size_t size) {
     vk_buffer buf;
     try {
         if (device->prefer_host_memory) {
-            buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+            buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent,
+                                                       vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
         } else if (device->uma) {
             // Fall back to host memory type
-            buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent);
+            buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal,
+                                                       vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent});
+        } else if (device->disable_host_visible_vidmem) {
+            if (device->allow_sysmem_fallback) {
+                buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal,
+                                                           vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent});
+            } else {
+                buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+            }
         } else {
             // use rebar if available, otherwise fallback to device only visible memory
-            buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+            if (device->allow_sysmem_fallback) {
+                buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent,
+                                                           vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal,
+                                                           vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent});
+            } else {
+                buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent,
+                                                           vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+            }
         }
     } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
         std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Device memory allocation of size " << size << " failed." << std::endl;
@@ -1604,27 +2755,29 @@ static void ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(vk_buffer& buf) {
         return;
     }
 
-#ifdef GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
     if (buf->device != nullptr) {
         buf->device->memory_logger->log_deallocation(buf);
     }
-#endif
 
     buf.reset();
 }
 
-static vk_subbuffer ggml_vk_subbuffer(vk_buffer& buf) {
-    return { buf, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE };
+static vk_subbuffer ggml_vk_subbuffer(const ggml_backend_vk_context* ctx, const vk_buffer& buf, size_t offset = 0) {
+    return { buf, offset, ggml_vk_get_max_buffer_range(ctx, buf, offset) };
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_sync_buffers(vk_context& ctx) {
+static void ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ggml_backend_vk_context* ctx, vk_context& subctx) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_sync_buffers()");
 
-    const bool transfer_queue = ctx->p->q->transfer_only;
+    const bool transfer_queue = subctx->p->q->transfer_only;
 
-    ctx->s->buffer.pipelineBarrier(
-        ctx->p->q->stage_flags,
-        ctx->p->q->stage_flags,
+    if (ctx) {
+        ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync = ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync = false;
+    }
+
+    subctx->s->buffer->buf.pipelineBarrier(
+        subctx->p->q->stage_flags,
+        subctx->p->q->stage_flags,
         {},
         { {
           { !transfer_queue ? (vk::AccessFlagBits::eShaderRead | vk::AccessFlagBits::eShaderWrite | vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead | vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite) : (vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead | vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite) },
@@ -1635,13 +2788,22 @@ static void ggml_vk_sync_buffers(vk_context& ctx) {
     );
 }
 
+static void ggml_vk_set_event(vk_context& ctx, vk::Event& event) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_set_event()");
+
+    ctx->s->buffer->buf.setEvent(
+        event,
+        ctx->p->q->stage_flags
+    );
+}
+
 static void ggml_vk_wait_events(vk_context& ctx, std::vector<vk::Event>&& events) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_wait_events()");
     if (events.empty()) {
         return;
     }
 
-    ctx->s->buffer.waitEvents(
+    ctx->s->buffer->buf.waitEvents(
         events,
         ctx->p->q->stage_flags,
         ctx->p->q->stage_flags,
@@ -1651,61 +2813,218 @@ static void ggml_vk_wait_events(vk_context& ctx, std::vector<vk::Event>&& events
     );
 }
 
-enum FaCodePath {
-    FA_SCALAR,
-    FA_COOPMAT1,
-    FA_COOPMAT2,
+struct vk_fa_tuning_params {
+    FaCodePath path;
+    uint32_t workgroup_size;
+    uint32_t subgroup_size;
+    uint32_t block_rows;
+    uint32_t block_cols;
+    uint32_t d_split;
+    uint32_t row_split;
+    bool shmem_staging;
+    bool disable_subgroups;
+    uint32_t limit_occupancy_shmem;
+
+    void print() const {
+        std::cerr << "path=" << path << " workgroup_size=" << workgroup_size << " subgroup_size=" << subgroup_size <<
+                     " block_rows=" << block_rows << " block_cols=" << block_cols << " d_split=" << d_split <<
+                     " row_split=" << row_split << " shmem_staging=" << shmem_staging << " disable_subgroups=" << disable_subgroups <<
+                     " limit_occupancy_shmem=" << limit_occupancy_shmem << std::endl;
+    }
 };
 
-// number of rows/cols for flash attention shader
-static constexpr uint32_t flash_attention_num_small_rows = 32;
-static constexpr uint32_t scalar_flash_attention_num_small_rows = 1;
-static constexpr uint32_t scalar_flash_attention_num_large_rows = 8;
-
-// The FA coopmat1 shader assumes 16x16x16 matrix multiply support.
-// 128 threads split into four subgroups, each subgroup does 1/4
-// of the Bc dimension.
-static constexpr uint32_t coopmat1_flash_attention_num_large_rows = 16;
-static constexpr uint32_t scalar_flash_attention_Bc = 64;
-static constexpr uint32_t scalar_flash_attention_workgroup_size = 128;
-
-static uint32_t get_fa_num_small_rows(FaCodePath path) {
-    if (path == FA_COOPMAT2) {
-        return flash_attention_num_small_rows;
+static bool ggml_vk_flash_attn_scalar_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const vk_fa_tuning_params& params, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, bool f32acc);
+static bool ggml_vk_flash_attn_coopmat_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const vk_fa_tuning_params& params, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, bool f32acc);
+
+static vk_fa_tuning_params get_fa_tuning_params_scalar(const vk_device& device, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, uint32_t n_rows, uint32_t n_kv, ggml_type kv_type, bool f32acc) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(kv_type);
+
+    vk_fa_tuning_params result{};
+    result.path = FA_SCALAR;
+
+    if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+        // Disable subgroup use due to performance issues when enforcing subgroup sizes
+        result.subgroup_size = 32;
+        result.disable_subgroups = true;
+    } else if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD && device->architecture != AMD_GCN) {
+        result.subgroup_size = n_rows < 4 ? 32 : device->subgroup_size;
     } else {
-        return scalar_flash_attention_num_small_rows;
+        result.subgroup_size = device->subgroup_size;
+    }
+
+    // Row split splits the workgroup so that synchronization only has to happen within subgroups, which avoids barriers
+    uint32_t row_split_max_hsk = 64;
+    if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD && device->architecture != AMD_GCN && !device->uma) {
+        row_split_max_hsk = n_rows <= 8 ? 64 : 128;
+    }
+    result.row_split = (n_rows < 4 || hsk <= row_split_max_hsk) ? 1 : 4;
+
+    if (result.subgroup_size > 32 && (n_rows < 4 || hsk < (result.row_split == 1 ? 128 : 64))) {
+        result.workgroup_size = result.subgroup_size * 2;
+    } else {
+        result.workgroup_size = result.subgroup_size * 4;
     }
-}
 
-static std::array<uint32_t, 2> fa_rows_cols(FaCodePath path, uint32_t D, uint32_t clamp, ggml_type type, bool small_rows) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(clamp);
+    const uint32_t D = hsk | hsv;
 
-    if (path == FA_SCALAR) {
-        if (small_rows) {
-            return {scalar_flash_attention_num_small_rows, 64};
+    const bool reduce_block_rows = D & 8 || n_kv < 1024 || device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
+
+    if (n_rows == 1) {
+        result.block_rows = 1;
+        result.block_cols = 64;
+    } else {
+        // row_split 1 means higher register use per row, so block size has to be adjusted
+        if (result.row_split == 1) {
+            result.block_rows = n_rows == 2 ? 2 : ((n_rows <= 4 || reduce_block_rows) ? 4 : 8);
         } else {
-            return {scalar_flash_attention_num_large_rows, 32};
+            result.block_rows = n_rows <= 4 ? 4 : ((n_rows <= 8 || reduce_block_rows) ? 8 : 16);
         }
+
+        result.block_cols = (D & 8) ? 64 : 32;
     }
 
-    if (path == FA_COOPMAT1) {
-        if (small_rows) {
-            return {scalar_flash_attention_num_small_rows, scalar_flash_attention_Bc};
-        } else {
-            return {coopmat1_flash_attention_num_large_rows, scalar_flash_attention_Bc};
+    const uint32_t D_lsb = D ^ (D & (D-1));  // extract lowest set bit
+
+    result.d_split = std::min(std::min(result.subgroup_size, 8u), D_lsb / 4);
+
+    result.shmem_staging = (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA && hsk < 256 && hsv < 256) ? 1 : 0;
+
+    if (!reduce_block_rows && !ggml_vk_flash_attn_scalar_shmem_support(device, result, hsk, hsv, f32acc)) {
+        result.block_rows /= 2;
+    }
+
+    // On AMD RDNA, for small head sizes and big batch size the shader uses few registers, so too many subgroups get scheduled
+    // at once and end up thrashing the cache. Fix this by setting a large (unused) shmem buffer that reduces occupancy.
+    // This targets an occupancy of 4 subgroups per SIMD.
+    if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD && device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize == 65536) {
+        if (device->architecture != AMD_GCN && n_rows >= 64 && hsk <= 128) {
+            // 30kb target for hsk > 64, 26kb for <= 64 due to smaller workgroup size
+            // Values are guessed, tested on RDNA2
+            result.limit_occupancy_shmem = (hsk <= 64 ? 26 : 30) * 1024 / 4 / 4;
+        } else if (device->architecture == AMD_GCN && n_rows <= 8 && hsk >= 256) {
+            // Same thing for GCN, with an occupancy target of 2 subgroups per SIMD.
+            // Here low-batch FA with large head size is affected.
+            // n_rows < 4 switch because workgroup size switches from 128 to 256 there.
+            result.limit_occupancy_shmem = (n_rows < 4 ? 14 : 26) * 1024 / 4 / 4;
         }
     }
 
-    // small rows, large cols
+    return result;
+}
+
+static vk_fa_tuning_params get_fa_tuning_params_coopmat1(const vk_device& device, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, uint32_t n_rows, uint32_t n_kv, ggml_type kv_type, bool f32acc) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(n_rows);
+    GGML_UNUSED(n_kv);
+    GGML_UNUSED(kv_type);
+    GGML_UNUSED(f32acc);
+
+    vk_fa_tuning_params result{};
+    result.path = FA_COOPMAT1;
+
+    const uint32_t D = hsk | hsv;
+
+    const uint32_t coopmat_block_rows = 16;
+    const uint32_t coopmat_block_cols = 16;
+
+    const uint32_t num_subgroups = 4;
+
+    result.block_rows = coopmat_block_rows;
+    result.block_cols = coopmat_block_cols * num_subgroups;
+    result.row_split = num_subgroups;
+    result.subgroup_size = device->subgroup_size;
+    result.workgroup_size = num_subgroups * result.subgroup_size;
+
+    const uint32_t D_lsb = D ^ (D & (D-1));  // extract lowest set bit
+    result.d_split = std::min(std::min(result.subgroup_size, 8u), D_lsb / 4);
+
+    result.shmem_staging = (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA && hsk < 256 && hsv < 256) ? 1 : 0;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static vk_fa_tuning_params get_fa_tuning_params_coopmat2(const vk_device& device, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, uint32_t n_rows, uint32_t n_kv, ggml_type kv_type, bool f32acc) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(n_kv);
+    GGML_UNUSED(f32acc);
+
+    vk_fa_tuning_params result{};
+    result.path = FA_COOPMAT2;
+
+    const uint32_t D = hsk | hsv;
+
+    const bool small_rows = n_rows < 32;
+
     if (small_rows) {
-        return {get_fa_num_small_rows(FA_COOPMAT2), 32};
+        result.block_rows = 32;
+        result.block_cols = 32;
+    } else if (ggml_is_quantized(kv_type) || hsk >= 256 || hsv >= 256) {
+        result.block_rows = (hsk >= 512 || hsv >= 512) ? 32 : 64;
+        result.block_cols = 32;
+    } else {
+        result.block_rows = 64;
+        result.block_cols = 64;
+    }
+
+    result.subgroup_size = device->subgroup_size;
+    result.workgroup_size = (small_rows && (D % 32) == 0) ? 256 : 128;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static vk_fa_tuning_params get_fa_tuning_params(const vk_device& device, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, uint32_t n_rows, uint32_t n_kv, ggml_type kv_type, bool f32acc) {
+    FaCodePath path = device->coopmat2 ? FA_COOPMAT2 :
+                      device->coopmat1_fa_support ? FA_COOPMAT1 : FA_SCALAR;
+
+    if (path == FA_COOPMAT1 && device->architecture == vk_device_architecture::NVIDIA_TURING) {
+        // Nvidia compiler bug, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/19075#issuecomment-3820716090
+        path = FA_SCALAR;
+    }
+
+    if (path == FA_COOPMAT1) {
+        bool shape_ok = (f32acc && device->coopmat_support_16x16x16_f32acc) ||
+                        (!f32acc && device->coopmat_support_16x16x16_f16acc);
+        const vk_fa_tuning_params params = get_fa_tuning_params_coopmat1(device, hsk, hsv, n_rows, n_kv, kv_type, f32acc);
+        bool shmem_ok = ggml_vk_flash_attn_coopmat_shmem_support(device, params, hsk, hsv, f32acc);
+
+        if (!shape_ok || !shmem_ok) {
+            path = FA_SCALAR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // scalar is faster than coopmat when N==1
+    if (n_rows == 1 && (path == FA_COOPMAT1 || path == FA_COOPMAT2)) {
+        path = FA_SCALAR;
     }
 
-    // small cols to reduce register count
-    if (ggml_is_quantized(type) || D == 256) {
-        return {64, 32};
+    switch (path) {
+    case FA_SCALAR:
+        return get_fa_tuning_params_scalar(device, hsk, hsv, n_rows, n_kv, kv_type, f32acc);
+    case FA_COOPMAT1:
+        return get_fa_tuning_params_coopmat1(device, hsk, hsv, n_rows, n_kv, kv_type, f32acc);
+    case FA_COOPMAT2:
+        return get_fa_tuning_params_coopmat2(device, hsk, hsv, n_rows, n_kv, kv_type, f32acc);
+    default:
+        throw std::runtime_error("unsupported FaCodePath");
     }
-    return {64, 64};
+}
+
+static vk_fa_pipeline_state get_fa_pipeline_state(const vk_device& device, const vk_fa_tuning_params& params, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, bool aligned, bool f32acc,
+                                                  bool use_mask, bool use_mask_opt, bool use_logit_softcap) {
+    const bool old_amd_windows = device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD && device->driver_id == vk::DriverId::eAmdProprietary &&
+                                 (device->architecture == AMD_GCN || device->architecture == AMD_RDNA1 || device->architecture == AMD_RDNA2);
+
+    uint32_t flags = (use_mask_opt      ? 1 : 0) |
+                     (use_mask          ? 2 : 0) |
+                     (use_logit_softcap ? 4 : 0) |
+                     (old_amd_windows   ? 8 : 0);
+
+    const uint32_t subgroup_size = params.disable_subgroups ? 0 : params.subgroup_size;
+
+    return vk_fa_pipeline_state{hsk, hsv, params.block_rows, params.block_cols, params.d_split, params.row_split, params.shmem_staging, params.path, params.workgroup_size, subgroup_size, aligned, f32acc, flags, params.limit_occupancy_shmem};
+}
+
+static std::vector<uint32_t> get_fa_spec_constants(const vk_fa_pipeline_state& state) {
+    return {state.workgroup_size, state.Br, state.Bc, state.HSK, state.HSV, !state.aligned, state.D_split,
+            state.row_split, state.subgroup_size, state.shmem_staging ? 1u : 0u, state.flags, state.limit_occupancy_shmem};
 }
 
 static bool ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const std::vector<uint32_t>& warptile, bool mul_mat_id, ggml_type src0_type) {
@@ -1714,7 +3033,7 @@ static bool ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const std::vec
     switch (src0_type) {
     case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
     case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
-        lut_size = 2*2048;
+        lut_size = 2*2048 + 4*2048;
         break;
     case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
         lut_size = 8*256;
@@ -1733,6 +3052,7 @@ static bool ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const std::vec
         break;
     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+    case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
         lut_size = 4*16;
         break;
     default:
@@ -1745,10 +3065,11 @@ static bool ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const std::vec
     const uint32_t warps = warptile[0] / warptile[10];
 
     const uint32_t load_bufs = (warptile[1] + warptile[2]) * (warptile[3] + bank_conflict_offset) * type_size;
-    const uint32_t mmid_row_ids = mul_mat_id ? 4096 * sizeof(uint32_t) : 0;
+    const uint32_t mmid_row_ids = mul_mat_id ? (warptile[2] * 2 * sizeof(uint16_t)) : 0;
     const uint32_t coopmat_stage = device->coopmat_support ? warptile[7] * warptile[8] / warps * sizeof(float) : 0;
+    const uint32_t ballots_sh = mul_mat_id ? (warps * 4 * sizeof(uint32_t)) : 0;
 
-    const uint32_t total_size = load_bufs + mmid_row_ids + coopmat_stage + lut_size;
+    const uint32_t total_size = load_bufs + mmid_row_ids + coopmat_stage + lut_size + ballots_sh;
     const bool supported = total_size <= device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize;
 
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(warptile=(" << warptile[0] << "," << warptile[1] << "," << warptile[2] << "), "
@@ -1827,17 +3148,30 @@ static uint32_t get_subgroup_size(const std::string &pipeline_name, const vk_dev
 static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_load_shaders(" << device->name << ")");
 
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(device->mutex);
     // some shaders have a minimum subgroup size
     const uint32_t subgroup_size_8 = std::max(device->subgroup_size, 8u);
     const uint32_t subgroup_size_16 = std::max(device->subgroup_size, 16u);
     const uint32_t subgroup_size_32 = std::max(device->subgroup_size, 32u);
 
+    const uint32_t mul_mat_subgroup_size = (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL && device->subgroup_size_control) ? device->subgroup_min_size : device->subgroup_size;
+    const uint32_t mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 = std::max(mul_mat_subgroup_size, 8u);
+    const uint32_t mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 = std::max(mul_mat_subgroup_size, 16u);
+    const uint32_t mul_mat_subgroup_size_32 = std::max(mul_mat_subgroup_size, 32u);
+
+    const bool subgroup_min_size_16 = (!device->subgroup_size_control && device->subgroup_size >= 16) ||
+                                      (device->subgroup_size_control && device->subgroup_max_size >= 16);
+
     // mulmat
     std::vector<uint32_t> l_warptile, m_warptile, s_warptile,
+                          l_warptile_id, m_warptile_id, s_warptile_id,
                           l_warptile_mmq, m_warptile_mmq, s_warptile_mmq,
                           l_warptile_mmq_int, m_warptile_mmq_int, s_warptile_mmq_int,
+                          l_warptile_mmq_int_k, m_warptile_mmq_int_k, s_warptile_mmq_int_k,
                           l_warptile_mmq_k, m_warptile_mmq_k, s_warptile_mmq_k,
-                          l_warptile_mmqid, m_warptile_mmqid, s_warptile_mmqid;
+                          l_warptile_mmqid, m_warptile_mmqid, s_warptile_mmqid,
+                          l_warptile_mmqid_int, m_warptile_mmqid_int, s_warptile_mmqid_int,
+                          l_warptile_mmqid_int_k, m_warptile_mmqid_int_k, s_warptile_mmqid_int_k;
     std::array<uint32_t, 3> l_wg_denoms, m_wg_denoms, s_wg_denoms,
                             l_mmq_wg_denoms, m_mmq_wg_denoms, s_mmq_wg_denoms,
                             l_mmq_wg_denoms_k, m_mmq_wg_denoms_k, s_mmq_wg_denoms_k,
@@ -1862,18 +3196,18 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         s_mmq_wg_denoms = { 32,  64,  1 };
 
         // spec constants and tile sizes for quant matmul (Qi_K)
-        l_warptile_mmq_k = { 256, 64, 128, 64,  1 };
-        m_warptile_mmq_k = { 256, 32,  64, 64,  0 };
-        s_warptile_mmq_k = { 256, 32,  32, 128, 0 };
-        l_mmq_wg_denoms_k = { 64, 128, 1 };
-        m_mmq_wg_denoms_k = { 32,  64, 1 };
-        s_mmq_wg_denoms_k = { 32,  32, 1 };
+        l_warptile_mmq_k = { 256, 128, 256, 64, 1 };
+        m_warptile_mmq_k = { 256, 128, 128, 64, 1 };
+        s_warptile_mmq_k = { 256, 32,  64, 128, 0 };
+        l_mmq_wg_denoms_k = { 128, 256, 1 };
+        m_mmq_wg_denoms_k = { 128, 128, 1 };
+        s_mmq_wg_denoms_k = { 32,  64,  1 };
 
         // spec constants and tile sizes for quant matmul_id
-        l_warptile_mmqid = { 256, 128, 64, 16, 0 };
-        m_warptile_mmqid = { 256, 128, 64, 16, 0 };
-        s_warptile_mmqid = { 256, 128, 64, 16, 0 };
-        l_mmqid_wg_denoms = { 128, 64, 1 };
+        l_warptile_mmqid = { 256, 128, 128, 32, 1, device->subgroup_size };
+        m_warptile_mmqid = { 256, 128, 64, 32, 0, device->subgroup_size };
+        s_warptile_mmqid = { 256, 128, 64, 32, 0, device->subgroup_size };
+        l_mmqid_wg_denoms = { 128, 128, 1 };
         m_mmqid_wg_denoms = { 128, 64, 1 };
         s_mmqid_wg_denoms = { 128, 64, 1 };
 
@@ -1892,21 +3226,55 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         const uint32_t tk_m = device->coopmat_support ? device->coopmat_k : 1;
         const uint32_t tk_s = device->coopmat_support ? device->coopmat_k : 1;
 
-        l_warptile = { 128, 128, 128, 16, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, tm_l, tn_l, tk_l, subgroup_size_8 };
-        m_warptile = { 128,  64,  64, 16, subgroup_size_8, 32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
-        s_warptile = { subgroup_size_16, 32, 32, 16, 32, 32, 2, tm_s, tn_s, tk_s, subgroup_size_8 };
+        const uint32_t s_warptile_wm = device->subgroup_size == 8 ? 8 : 32;
+
+        l_warptile = { 128,             128, 128, 16, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, tm_l, tn_l, tk_l, subgroup_size_8 };
+        m_warptile = { 128,              64,  64, 16, subgroup_size_8,     32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
+        s_warptile = { subgroup_size_32, 32,  32, 16, s_warptile_wm,       32, 2, tm_s, tn_s, tk_s, subgroup_size_8 };
+
+        l_warptile_mmq = { 128,             128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, tm_l, tn_l, tk_l, subgroup_size_8 };
+        m_warptile_mmq = { 128,              64,  64, 32, subgroup_size_8,     32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
+        s_warptile_mmq = { subgroup_size_32, 32,  32, 32, s_warptile_wm,       32, 2, tm_s, tn_s, tk_s, subgroup_size_8 };
+
+        // Integer MMQ has a smaller shared memory profile, but heavier register use
+        l_warptile_mmq_int = { 128,             128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, 4, 4, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+        m_warptile_mmq_int = { 128,              64,  64, 32, subgroup_size_8,     32, 2, 2, 2, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+        s_warptile_mmq_int = { subgroup_size_32, 32,  32, 32, s_warptile_wm,       32, 2, 2, 1, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+
+        // K-quants use even more registers, mitigate by setting WMITER to 1
+        l_warptile_mmq_int_k = { 128,               128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 1, 4, 4, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+        m_warptile_mmq_int_k = { 128,                64,  64, 32, subgroup_size_8,     32, 1, 2, 2, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+        s_warptile_mmq_int_k = { subgroup_size_32,   32,  32, 32, s_warptile_wm,       32, 1, 2, 1, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
 
-        l_warptile_mmq = { 128, 128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, tm_l, tn_l, tk_l, subgroup_size_8 };
-        m_warptile_mmq = { 128,  64,  64, 32, subgroup_size_8, 32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
-        s_warptile_mmq = { subgroup_size_32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 2, tm_s, tn_s, tk_s, subgroup_size_8 };
+        l_warptile_id = { 128,                      128, 128, 16, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 * 2, 64, 2, tm_l, tn_l, tk_l, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 };
+        m_warptile_id = { 128,                       64,  64, 16, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16,     32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 };
+        s_warptile_id = { mul_mat_subgroup_size_16,  32,  32, 16, s_warptile_wm,                32, 2, tm_s, tn_s, tk_s, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 };
 
-        l_warptile_mmq_int = { 128, 128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, 4, 4, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
-        m_warptile_mmq_int = { 128,  64,  64, 32, subgroup_size_8,     32, 2, 2, 2, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
-        s_warptile_mmq_int = { subgroup_size_32, 32, 32, 32, 32,       32, 2, 2, 1, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+        l_warptile_mmqid = { 128,                       128, 128, 32, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, tm_l, tn_l, tk_l, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 };
+        m_warptile_mmqid = { 128,                        64,  64, 32, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8,     32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 };
+        s_warptile_mmqid = { mul_mat_subgroup_size_32,   32,  32, 32, s_warptile_wm,               32, 2, tm_s, tn_s, tk_s, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 };
+
+        l_warptile_mmqid_int = { 128,                       128, 128, 32, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, 4, 4, 1, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 };
+        m_warptile_mmqid_int = { 128,                        64,  64, 32, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8,     32, 2, 2, 2, 1, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 };
+        s_warptile_mmqid_int = { mul_mat_subgroup_size_32,   32,  32, 32, s_warptile_wm,               32, 2, 2, 1, 1, mul_mat_subgroup_size_8 };
+
+        l_warptile_mmqid_int_k = { 128,                     128, 128, 32, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 * 2, 64, 1, 4, 4, 1, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 };
+        m_warptile_mmqid_int_k = { 128,                      64,  64, 32, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16,     32, 1, 2, 2, 1, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 };
+        s_warptile_mmqid_int_k = { mul_mat_subgroup_size_32, 32,  32, 32, s_warptile_wm,                32, 1, 2, 1, 1, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16 };
 
         // chip specific tuning
         if ((device->architecture == AMD_GCN) && (device->driver_id != vk::DriverId::eAmdProprietary)) {
             m_warptile_mmq = m_warptile_mmq_int = { 256, 64, 64, 32, 16, 16, 2, 2, 2, 1, 16 };
+            m_warptile_mmqid = m_warptile_mmqid_int = { 256, 64, 64, 32, 16, 16, 2, 2, 2, 1, 16 };
+        } else if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD && device->coopmat_support && device->driver_id != vk::DriverId::eAmdProprietary) {
+            // This is intentionally using tx_m values, slight performance increase
+            l_warptile = { 256, 128, 128, 16, subgroup_size_8, 64, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
+            l_warptile_mmq = l_warptile_mmq_int = { 256, 128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_8, 64, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
+            l_warptile_mmq_int_k = { 256, 128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_16, 64, 1, 4, 2, 1, subgroup_size_16 };
+        } else if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL && device->coopmat_support && device->architecture == INTEL_XE2) {
+            // Xe2/Xe3 with coopmat enabled - warptile performance tuning
+            l_warptile = { 512, 128, 128, 16, subgroup_size_8, 32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
+            l_warptile_mmq = { 512, 128, 128, 32, subgroup_size_8, 32, 2, tm_m, tn_m, tk_m, subgroup_size_8 };
         }
 
         l_mmq_wg_denoms = l_wg_denoms = {128, 128, 1 };
@@ -1932,14 +3300,14 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             }
 
             // Disable mul_mat_id if not enough shared memory is available
-            if (!ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(device, s_warptile_mmq, true, t)) {
+            if (!ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(device, s_warptile_mmqid, true, t)) {
                 device->mul_mat_id_s[i] = false;
                 device->mul_mat_id_m[i] = false;
                 device->mul_mat_id_l[i] = false;
-            } else if (!ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(device, m_warptile_mmq, true, t)) {
+            } else if (!ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(device, m_warptile_mmqid, true, t)) {
                 device->mul_mat_id_m[i] = false;
                 device->mul_mat_id_l[i] = false;
-            } else if (!ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(device, l_warptile_mmq, true, t)) {
+            } else if (!ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(device, l_warptile_mmqid, true, t)) {
                 device->mul_mat_id_l[i] = false;
             }
         }
@@ -1962,7 +3330,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     }
 
     std::vector<std::future<void>> compiles;
-    auto const &ggml_vk_create_pipeline = [&](vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline, const std::string &name, size_t spv_size, const void* spv_data, const std::string &entrypoint,
+    auto const &ggml_vk_create_pipeline = [&](vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& base_pipeline, const char *name, size_t spv_size, const void* spv_data, const char *entrypoint,
                                               uint32_t parameter_count, uint32_t push_constant_size, std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms, const std::vector<uint32_t>& specialization_constants,
                                               uint32_t align, bool disable_robustness = false, bool require_full_subgroups = false, uint32_t required_subgroup_size = 0) {
 
@@ -1970,78 +3338,99 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             required_subgroup_size = get_subgroup_size(name, device->architecture);
         }
 
-        if (!pipeline) {
-            pipeline = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
-            pipeline->name = name;
-            pipeline->parameter_count = parameter_count;
-            pipeline->push_constant_size = push_constant_size;
-            pipeline->wg_denoms = wg_denoms;
-            pipeline->align = align;
-        }
+        vk_pipeline *ptr = &base_pipeline;
 
-        if (!pipeline->needed || pipeline->compiled) {
-            return;
+        int num_pipelines = 1;
+#if defined(VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing)
+        if (device->shader_64b_indexing) {
+            num_pipelines = 2;
         }
-        {
-            // wait until fewer than N compiles are in progress
-            uint32_t N = std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
-            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
-            while (compile_count >= N) {
-                compile_count_cond.wait(guard);
+#endif
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_pipelines; ++i, ptr = &(*ptr)->next) {
+            vk_pipeline &pipeline = *ptr;
+            if (!pipeline) {
+                pipeline = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
+            }
+            if (!pipeline->initialized) {
+                pipeline->name = name;
+                pipeline->parameter_count = parameter_count;
+                pipeline->push_constant_size = push_constant_size;
+                pipeline->wg_denoms = wg_denoms;
+                pipeline->align = align;
+                pipeline->initialized = true;
+#if defined(VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing)
+                pipeline->is_64b_indexing = (i == 1);
+#endif
             }
-            compile_count++;
-        }
-        compiles.push_back(std::async(ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func, std::ref(device), std::ref(pipeline), spv_size, spv_data, entrypoint,
-                                      parameter_count, wg_denoms, specialization_constants, disable_robustness, require_full_subgroups, required_subgroup_size));
-    };
 
-    auto const &fa_wg_denoms = [&](FaCodePath path, uint32_t D, uint32_t clamp, ggml_type type, bool small_rows) -> std::array<uint32_t, 3> {
-        return {fa_rows_cols(path, D, clamp, type, small_rows)[0], 1, 1};
-    };
+            if (!pipeline->needed || pipeline->compiled) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // TODO: We're no longer benefitting from the async compiles (shaders are
+            // compiled individually, as needed) and this complexity can be removed.
+            {
+                // wait until fewer than N compiles are in progress
+                uint32_t N = std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
+                while (compile_count >= N) {
+                    compile_count_cond.wait(guard);
+                }
+                compile_count++;
+            }
 
-    auto const &fa_spec_constants = [&](FaCodePath path, uint32_t D, uint32_t clamp, ggml_type type, bool small_rows) -> std::vector<uint32_t> {
-        // For large number of rows, 128 invocations seems to work best.
-        // For small number of rows (e.g. N==1), 256 works better. But matrix granularity for 256 is 32, so we
-        // can't use 256 for D==80.
-        // For scalar, use 128 (arbitrary)
-        uint32_t wg_size = (path == FA_SCALAR || path == FA_COOPMAT1)
-                            ? scalar_flash_attention_workgroup_size
-                            : ((small_rows && (D % 32) == 0) ? 256 : 128);
-        auto rows_cols = fa_rows_cols(path, D, clamp, type, small_rows);
-
-        // D_split can't be larger than a subgroup because we use subgroupShuffle to reduce it.
-        // D_split can't be larger than the LSB of D divided by 4 due to vectorization in the shader.
-        const uint32_t D_lsb = D ^ (D & (D-1));
-        uint32_t D_split = std::min(std::min(device->subgroup_size, 8u), D_lsb / 4);
-
-        // mask dim1 is padded to 64, we rely on this to avoid clamping mask loads
-        GGML_ASSERT((GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD % rows_cols[0]) == 0);
-        return {wg_size, rows_cols[0], rows_cols[1], (D), clamp, D_split};
+            compiles.push_back(std::async(ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func, std::ref(device), std::ref(pipeline), spv_size, spv_data, entrypoint,
+                                          parameter_count, wg_denoms, specialization_constants, disable_robustness, require_full_subgroups, required_subgroup_size));
+        }
     };
 
-#define CREATE_FA2(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX, D) \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][0][0][0], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_f16acc"         #NAMELC #SUFFIX,           flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,false), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,false), 1,                                      true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][0][0][1], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_aligned_f16acc" #NAMELC #SUFFIX,           flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,false), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,false), fa_rows_cols(FAPATH,D,0,TYPE,false)[1], true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][1][0][0], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_f32acc"         #NAMELC #SUFFIX,           flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _len,         flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _data,         "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,false), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,false), 1,                                      true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][1][0][1], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_aligned_f32acc" #NAMELC #SUFFIX,           flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _len,         flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _data,         "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,false), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,false), fa_rows_cols(FAPATH,D,0,TYPE,false)[1], true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][0][1][0], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_f16acc_smallrows"         #NAMELC #SUFFIX, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,true), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,true),   1,                                      true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][0][1][1], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_aligned_f16acc_smallrows" #NAMELC #SUFFIX, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,true), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,true),   fa_rows_cols(FAPATH,D,0,TYPE,true)[1],  true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][1][1][0], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_f32acc_smallrows"         #NAMELC #SUFFIX, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _len,         flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _data,         "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,true), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,1,TYPE,true),   1,                                      true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D ## D ## SUFFIX[TYPE][1][1][1], "flash_attn_f32_f16_D" #D "_aligned_f32acc_smallrows" #NAMELC #SUFFIX, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _len,         flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##     SUFFIX ## _data,         "main", 5, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), fa_wg_denoms(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,true), fa_spec_constants(FAPATH, D,0,TYPE,true),   fa_rows_cols(FAPATH,D,0,TYPE,true)[1],  true, FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1, (FAPATH==FA_COOPMAT1 ? 32 : 0));     \
+    auto const &ggml_vk_create_pipeline2 = [&](vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline, const std::string &name, size_t spv_size, const void* spv_data, const char *entrypoint,
+                                              uint32_t parameter_count, uint32_t push_constant_size, std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms, const std::vector<uint32_t>& specialization_constants,
+                                              uint32_t align, bool disable_robustness = false, bool require_full_subgroups = false, uint32_t required_subgroup_size = 0) {
+        return ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, pipeline, name.c_str(), spv_size, spv_data, entrypoint,
+                                       parameter_count, push_constant_size, wg_denoms, specialization_constants,
+                                       align, disable_robustness, require_full_subgroups, required_subgroup_size);
+    };
 
 #define CREATE_FA(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX) \
-        CREATE_FA2(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX, 64) \
-        CREATE_FA2(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX, 80) \
-        CREATE_FA2(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX, 96) \
-        CREATE_FA2(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX, 112) \
-        CREATE_FA2(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX, 128) \
-        CREATE_FA2(TYPE, NAMELC, FAPATH, SUFFIX, 256)
-
-    CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F16, f16, FA_SCALAR, )
-    CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, q4_0, FA_SCALAR, )
-    CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, q8_0, FA_SCALAR, )
+        for (auto &fa : device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16[TYPE]) { \
+            FaCodePath path = fa.first.path; \
+            uint32_t Br = fa.first.Br; \
+            uint32_t Bc = fa.first.Bc; \
+            bool aligned = fa.first.aligned; \
+            bool f32acc = fa.first.f32acc; \
+            uint32_t fa_sgs = fa.first.subgroup_size; \
+            bool fa_ds = fa.first.subgroup_size == 0; \
+            if (path == FAPATH) { \
+                if (aligned) { \
+                    if (f32acc) { \
+                        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, fa.second, "flash_attn_f32_f16_aligned_f32acc" #NAMELC, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##            SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##            SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 7, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), {Br, 1, 1}, get_fa_spec_constants(fa.first), Bc, true, (!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)), ((!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)) ? fa_sgs : 0));     \
+                    } else { \
+                        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, fa.second, "flash_attn_f32_f16_aligned_f16acc" #NAMELC, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 7, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), {Br, 1, 1}, get_fa_spec_constants(fa.first), Bc, true, (!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)), ((!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)) ? fa_sgs : 0));     \
+                    } \
+                } else { \
+                    if (f32acc) { \
+                        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, fa.second, "flash_attn_f32_f16_f32acc"         #NAMELC, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##            SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ##            SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 7, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), {Br, 1, 1}, get_fa_spec_constants(fa.first), 1,  true, (!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)), ((!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)) ? fa_sgs : 0));     \
+                    } else { \
+                        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, fa.second, "flash_attn_f32_f16_f16acc"         #NAMELC, flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _len,  flash_attn_f32_f16_ ## NAMELC ## _f16acc ## SUFFIX ## _data,  "main", 7, sizeof(vk_flash_attn_push_constants), {Br, 1, 1}, get_fa_spec_constants(fa.first), 1,  true, (!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)), ((!fa_ds && (FAPATH!=FA_COOPMAT2)) ? fa_sgs : 0));     \
+                    } \
+                } \
+            } \
+        }
+
+    if (device->fp16) {
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F32, f32, FA_SCALAR, )
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F16, f16, FA_SCALAR, )
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, q4_0, FA_SCALAR, )
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, q8_0, FA_SCALAR, )
+    } else {
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F32, f32, FA_SCALAR, _fp32)
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F16, f16, FA_SCALAR, _fp32)
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, q4_0, FA_SCALAR, _fp32)
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, q8_0, FA_SCALAR, _fp32)
+    }
 #if defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     if (device->coopmat1_fa_support) {
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F32, f32, FA_COOPMAT1, _cm1)
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F16, f16, FA_COOPMAT1, _cm1)
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, q4_0, FA_COOPMAT1, _cm1)
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, q8_0, FA_COOPMAT1, _cm1)
@@ -2049,6 +3438,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
 #endif
 #if defined(VK_NV_cooperative_matrix2) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     if (device->coopmat2) {
+        CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F32, f32, FA_COOPMAT2, _cm2)
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_F16, f16, FA_COOPMAT2, _cm2)
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, q4_0, FA_COOPMAT2, _cm2)
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, q4_1, FA_COOPMAT2, _cm2)
@@ -2058,20 +3448,21 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL, iq4_nl, FA_COOPMAT2, _cm2)
     }
 #endif
-#undef CREATE_FA2
 #undef CREATE_FA
 
+    const int mul_mat_id_param_count = 5;
+
 #if defined(VK_NV_cooperative_matrix2) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     if (device->coopmat2) {
 
         // Create 6 variants, {s,m,l}x{unaligned,aligned}
 #define CREATE_MM(PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, F16ACC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT) \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_l", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_m", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_s", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_l", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, l_align);   \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_m", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, m_align);   \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_s", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, s_align);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_l", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_m", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_s", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_l", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, l_align, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_m", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, m_align, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_s", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _cm2_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, s_align, true);   \
 
         // Create 2 variants, {f16,f32} accumulator
 #define CREATE_MM2(PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT) \
@@ -2103,32 +3494,36 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_iq3_s_f16,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
         CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_iq4_xs_f16,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
         CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_iq4_nl_f16,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   matmul_mxfp4_f16,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
 
-        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        GGML_ASSERT(device->subgroup_ballot);
+
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_subgroup_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         if (device->coopmat_bf16_support) {
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_subgroup_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
         }
 #endif
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_s_f16,   , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_m_f16,   , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f16,  , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f16,   , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f16,   , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_xs_f16,  , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f16,  , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_0_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_1_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_0_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_1_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q8_0_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q2_k_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q3_k_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_k_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_k_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q6_k_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_s_f16,   mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_m_f16,   mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xxs_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xs_f16,  mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_s_f16,   mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_xxs_f16, mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_s_f16,   mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_xs_f16,  mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_nl_f16,  mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
+        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   matmul_id_subgroup_mxfp4_f16,   mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 5)
 #undef CREATE_MM
 #undef CREATE_MM2
     } else
@@ -2190,6 +3585,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
             CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_iq4_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
             CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   matmul_mxfp4_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         } else {
             CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f32acc, matmul_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
             CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f32acc, matmul_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
@@ -2211,181 +3607,230 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
             CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f32acc,  matmul_iq4_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
             CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4].f32acc,   matmul_mxfp4_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         }
 
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32, matmul_id_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
+        GGML_ASSERT(device->subgroup_ballot);
+
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_subgroup_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_subgroup_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32, matmul_id_subgroup_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         if (device->coopmat_bf16_support) {
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_subgroup_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
         }
 #endif
 
-        if (device->coopmat_acc_f16_support) {
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_m_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        } else {
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_m_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        }
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q8_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q2_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q3_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q6_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_m_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_nl_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   matmul_id_subgroup_mxfp4_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id);
 #undef CREATE_MM2
 #undef CREATE_MM
     } else
 #endif  // defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     if (device->fp16) {
         // Create 6 variants, {s,m,l}x{unaligned,aligned}
-#define CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, F16ACC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
+#define CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, F16ACC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID, REQSUBGROUPSIZE) \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _l[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_l", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_l", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _m[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_m", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_m", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _s[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_s", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_s", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _l[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_l", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, l_align);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_l", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, l_align, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _m[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_m", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, m_align);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_m", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, m_align, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _s[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_s", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, s_align);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_s", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, s_align, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
 
-#define CREATE_MMQ(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
+#define CREATE_MMQ(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID, REQSUBGROUPSIZE) \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _l[TYPE]) { \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f16acc->l, #NAMELC "_f16acc_l", NAMELC ## _f16acc_len, NAMELC ##  _f16acc_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f32acc->l, #NAMELC        "_l", NAMELC ## _len,        NAMELC ##  _data,        "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f32acc->l, #NAMELC        "_l", NAMELC ## _len,        NAMELC ##  _data,        "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         } \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _m[TYPE]) { \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f16acc->m, #NAMELC "_f16acc_m", NAMELC ## _f16acc_len, NAMELC ##  _f16acc_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f32acc->m, #NAMELC        "_m", NAMELC ## _len,        NAMELC ##  _data,        "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f32acc->m, #NAMELC        "_m", NAMELC ## _len,        NAMELC ##  _data,        "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         } \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _s[TYPE]) { \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f16acc->s, #NAMELC "_f16acc_s", NAMELC ## _f16acc_len, NAMELC ##  _f16acc_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f32acc->s, #NAMELC        "_s", NAMELC ## _len,        NAMELC ##  _data,        "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME .f32acc->s, #NAMELC        "_s", NAMELC ## _len,        NAMELC ##  _data,        "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         } \
 
         // Create 2 variants, {f16,f32} accumulator
-#define CREATE_MM2(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
-        CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME . f16acc, NAMELC, _f16acc, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
-        CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME . f32acc, NAMELC, , WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32, matmul_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32_f16, matmul_f32_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16, matmul_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16_f32, matmul_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_bf16, matmul_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_q4_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_q4_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_q5_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_q5_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_q8_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_q2_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_q3_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_q4_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_q5_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_q6_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   matmul_iq1_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   matmul_iq1_m_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_iq4_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+#define CREATE_MM2(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID, REQSUBGROUPSIZE) \
+        CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME . f16acc, NAMELC, _f16acc, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID, REQSUBGROUPSIZE) \
+        CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME . f32acc, NAMELC, , WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID, REQSUBGROUPSIZE) \
+
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32, matmul_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32_f16, matmul_f32_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16, matmul_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16_f32, matmul_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_bf16, matmul_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_q4_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_q4_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_q5_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_q5_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_q8_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_q2_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_q3_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_q4_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_q5_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_q6_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   matmul_iq1_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   matmul_iq1_m_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_iq4_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   matmul_mxfp4_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
 
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         if (device->integer_dot_product) {
-            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_q4_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_q4_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_q5_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_q5_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_q8_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_q4_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_q4_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_q5_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_q5_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_q8_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4], matmul_mxfp4_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_q2_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_q3_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_q4_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_q5_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_q6_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
         }
 #endif
 
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32, matmul_id_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq1_m_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+        if (device->subgroup_ballot && device->subgroup_require_full_support && subgroup_min_size_16) {
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_subgroup_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_subgroup_f16, wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32, matmul_id_subgroup_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_subgroup_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q8_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q2_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q3_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q6_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_m_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_nl_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   matmul_id_subgroup_mxfp4_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+            if (device->integer_dot_product) {
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_id_subgroup_q8_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4], matmul_id_subgroup_mxfp4_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q2_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q3_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q4_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q5_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_id_subgroup_q6_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+            }
+#endif
+        } else {
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32, matmul_id_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_id_q4_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_id_q4_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_id_q5_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_id_q5_1_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_id_q8_0_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_id_q2_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_id_q3_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_id_q4_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_id_q5_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_id_q6_k_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   matmul_id_iq1_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   matmul_id_iq1_m_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  matmul_id_iq4_xs_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM2(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   matmul_id_mxfp4_f32,   mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+            if (device->integer_dot_product) {
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], matmul_id_q4_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], matmul_id_q4_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], matmul_id_q5_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], matmul_id_q5_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], matmul_id_q8_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4], matmul_id_mxfp4_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int,   vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], matmul_id_q2_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], matmul_id_q3_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], matmul_id_q4_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], matmul_id_q5_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+                CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], matmul_id_q6_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid_int_k, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            }
+#endif
+        }
 #undef CREATE_MM2
 #undef CREATE_MMQ
 #undef CREATE_MM
     } else {
         // Create 6 variants, {s,m,l}x{unaligned,aligned}
-#define CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, F16ACC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
+#define CREATE_MM(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, F16ACC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID, REQSUBGROUPSIZE) \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _l[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_l", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_l", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _m[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_m", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_m", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _s[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_s", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_s", NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _l[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_l", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, l_align);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_l, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_l", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), l_ ## WG_DENOMS, l_ ## WARPTILE, l_align, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _m[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_m", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, m_align);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_m, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_m", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), m_ ## WG_DENOMS, m_ ## WARPTILE, m_align, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _s[TYPE]) \
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_s", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, s_align);   \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->a_s, #NAMELC #F16ACC "_aligned_s", NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## _aligned ## F16ACC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, s_align, false, REQSUBGROUPSIZE > 0, REQSUBGROUPSIZE);   \
 
 #define CREATE_MMQ(TYPE, PIPELINE_NAME, NAMELC, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT, ID) \
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _l[TYPE]) \
@@ -2395,33 +3840,34 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         if (device->mul_mat ## ID ## _s[TYPE]) \
             ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device-> PIPELINE_NAME ->s, #NAMELC "_s", NAMELC ## _fp32_len, NAMELC ## _fp32_data, "main", PARAMCOUNT, sizeof(PUSHCONST), s_ ## WG_DENOMS, s_ ## WARPTILE, 1);   \
 
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32, matmul_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32_f16, matmul_f32_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16.f32acc, matmul_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16_f32.f32acc, matmul_f16_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_bf16, matmul_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f32acc, matmul_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f32acc, matmul_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f32acc, matmul_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f32acc, matmul_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f32acc, matmul_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f32acc, matmul_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f32acc, matmul_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq1_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f32acc,   matmul_iq1_m_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f32acc, matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f32acc,  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f32acc, matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f32acc,  matmul_iq4_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32, matmul_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_f32_f16, matmul_f32_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16.f32acc, matmul_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_f16_f32.f32acc, matmul_f16_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_bf16, matmul_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f32acc, matmul_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f32acc, matmul_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f32acc, matmul_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f32acc, matmul_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f32acc, matmul_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f32acc, matmul_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f32acc, matmul_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq1_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f32acc,   matmul_iq1_m_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f32acc, matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f32acc,  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f32acc, matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f32acc,  matmul_iq4_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4].f32acc,   matmul_mxfp4_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
 
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         if (device->integer_dot_product) {
@@ -2430,53 +3876,93 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f32acc, matmul_q5_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
             CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f32acc, matmul_q5_1_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
             CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f32acc, matmul_q8_0_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f32acc, matmul_q2_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f32acc, matmul_q3_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_q4_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_q5_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MMQ(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_q6_k_q8_1, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq_int_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         }
 #endif
 
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16.f32acc, matmul_id_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32.f32acc, matmul_id_f16_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f32acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f32acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f32acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f32acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f32acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq1_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq1_m_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq4_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+        if (device->subgroup_ballot && device->subgroup_require_full_support && subgroup_min_size_16) {
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_subgroup_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16.f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32.f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_f16_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_subgroup_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile_id, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size_16);
+
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f32acc,   matmul_id_subgroup_iq1_m_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f32acc,  matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_subgroup_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_subgroup_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f32acc,  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_id_subgroup_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4].f32acc,   matmul_id_subgroup_mxfp4_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, mul_mat_subgroup_size);
+        } else {
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F32, pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16.f32acc, matmul_id_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_F16, pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32.f32acc, matmul_id_f16_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f32acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f32acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f32acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f32acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f32acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq1_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq1_m_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq4_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL,  pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+            CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_MXFP4,   pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4].f32acc,   matmul_id_mxfp4_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
+        }
     }
     // reusing CREATE_MM from the fp32 path
     if ((device->coopmat2 || device->coopmat_support)
-#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         && !device->coopmat_bf16_support
 #endif
         ) {
+        const uint32_t s_warptile_wm = device->subgroup_size == 8 ? 8 : 32;
+
         // use scalar tile sizes
         l_warptile = { 128, 128, 128, 16, subgroup_size_8 * 2, 64, 2, 4, 4, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
         m_warptile = { 128,  64,  64, 16, subgroup_size_8, 32, 2, 4, 2, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
-        s_warptile = { subgroup_size_16, 32, 32, 16, 32, 32, 2, 2, 2, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+        s_warptile = { subgroup_size_32, 32, 32, 16, s_warptile_wm, 32, 2, 2, 2, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
 
         l_wg_denoms = {128, 128, 1 };
         m_wg_denoms = { 64,  64, 1 };
         s_wg_denoms = { 32,  32, 1 };
 
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_bf16, matmul_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+        if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL && device->architecture == INTEL_XE2) {
+            // Xe2/Xe3 - bf16 warptile performance tuning
+            l_warptile = { 512, 128, 128, 16, subgroup_size_8, 32, 2, 4, 4, 1, subgroup_size_8 };
+        }
+
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_bf16, matmul_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, , 0);
+        CREATE_MM(GGML_TYPE_BF16, pipeline_matmul_id_bf16, matmul_id_bf16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, mul_mat_id_param_count, _id, 0);
     }
 #undef CREATE_MM
 
@@ -2485,85 +3971,174 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     // the number of rows computed per shader depends on GPU model and quant
     uint32_t rm_stdq = 1;
     uint32_t rm_kq = 2;
+    uint32_t rm_stdq_int = 1;
+    uint32_t rm_kq_int = 1;
+    auto const &rm_iq_int = [](uint32_t i) { return i == 0 ? 8u : 4u; };
     if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD) {
         if (device->architecture == AMD_GCN) {
             rm_stdq = 2;
             rm_kq = 4;
+            rm_stdq_int = 4;
         }
-    } else if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL)
+    } else if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
         rm_stdq = 2;
+        rm_stdq_int = 2;
+    }
     uint32_t rm_iq = 2 * rm_kq;
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mul_mat_vec_max_cols; ++i) {
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_F32 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f32_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_f32_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_f32_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_F16 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f16_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_f16_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_f16_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_BF16][i], "mul_mat_vec_bf16_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_bf16_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_bf16_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 1*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f32_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f32_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f32_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f32_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f32_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f32_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f32_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f32_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_F32 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f32_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_f32_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_f32_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_F16 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f16_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_f16_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_f16_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_BF16][i], "mul_mat_vec_bf16_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_bf16_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_bf16_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 1*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f16_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f16_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f16_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f16_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f16_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f16_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f16_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f16_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true);
-    }
-
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "mul_mat_vec_id_f32_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_f32_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_F16 ], "mul_mat_vec_id_f16_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_f16_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_BF16], "mul_mat_vec_id_bf16_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_bf16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_bf16_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_0_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q4_0_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q4_0_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_1_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q4_1_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q4_1_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_0_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q5_0_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q5_0_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_1_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q5_1_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q5_1_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q8_0_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q8_0_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q8_0_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 1*rm_stdq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q2_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q2_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q2_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q3_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q3_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q3_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_s_f32",   mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_s_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_s_f32_data,   "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_m_f32",   mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_m_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_m_f32_data,   "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xxs_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xxs_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xxs_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xs_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xs_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xs_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_s_f32",   mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_s_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_s_f32_data,   "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_xxs_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_xxs_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_xxs_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_s_f32",   mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_s_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_s_f32_data,   "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_xs_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_xs_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_xs_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_iq}, 1, true);
+    const bool use_subgroups = device->subgroup_arithmetic && device->architecture != vk_device_architecture::AMD_GCN;
+    // Ensure a subgroup size >= 16 is available
+    const bool use_subgroups16 = use_subgroups && subgroup_min_size_16;
+
+    const uint32_t subgroup_size = (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL && device->subgroup_size_control && device->subgroup_min_size <= 16 && device->subgroup_max_size >= 16) ? 16 : device->subgroup_size;
+    const uint32_t subgroup_size16 = std::max(subgroup_size, 16u);
+
+    const uint32_t force_subgroup_size = use_subgroups ? subgroup_size : 0;
+    const uint32_t force_subgroup_size16 = use_subgroups16 ? subgroup_size16 : 0;
+    static constexpr uint32_t mul_mat_vec_num_bindings = 5;
+    static constexpr uint32_t mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings = 6;
+
+    for (uint32_t w = 0; w < DMMV_WG_SIZE_COUNT; ++w) {
+        const uint32_t wg_size_subgroup   = (w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP) ? subgroup_size : (subgroup_size * 4);
+        const uint32_t wg_size_subgroup16 = (w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP) ? subgroup_size16 : (subgroup_size16 * 4);
+
+        const shader_reduction_mode reduc = (use_subgroups && w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP) ? SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_SUBGROUP :
+                                            (use_subgroups && w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_LARGE) ? SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_HYBRID :
+                                            SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_SHMEM;
+
+        const shader_reduction_mode reduc16 = (use_subgroups16 && w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP) ? SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_SUBGROUP :
+                                              (use_subgroups16 && w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_LARGE) ? SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_HYBRID :
+                                              SHADER_REDUCTION_MODE_SHMEM;
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mul_mat_vec_max_cols; ++i) {
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_F32 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f32_f32_f32",  arr_dmmv_f32_f32_f32_len[reduc],  arr_dmmv_f32_f32_f32_data[reduc],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 1, i+1}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_F16 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f16_f32_f32",  arr_dmmv_f16_f32_f32_len[reduc],  arr_dmmv_f16_f32_f32_data[reduc],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2, i+1}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_BF16][i], "mul_mat_vec_bf16_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_bf16_f32_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_bf16_f32_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2, i+1}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_0_f32_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q4_0_f32_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_1_f32_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q4_1_f32_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_0_f32_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q5_0_f32_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_1_f32_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q5_1_f32_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q8_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q8_0_f32_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q8_0_f32_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 1*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q2_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q2_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q2_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q3_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q3_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q3_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q4_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q5_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q6_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_q6_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q6_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f32_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq1_s_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq1_s_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f32_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq1_m_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq1_m_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f32_f32",  arr_dmmv_iq2_xs_f32_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_iq2_xs_f32_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f32_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq2_s_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq2_s_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f32_f32", arr_dmmv_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f32_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq3_s_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq3_s_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f32_f32",  arr_dmmv_iq4_xs_f32_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_iq4_xs_f32_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32",  arr_dmmv_iq4_nl_f32_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_iq4_nl_f32_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_MXFP4][i],   "mul_mat_vec_mxfp4_f32_f32",   arr_dmmv_mxfp4_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_mxfp4_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_F32 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f32_f16_f32",  arr_dmmv_f32_f16_f32_len[reduc],  arr_dmmv_f32_f16_f32_data[reduc],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 1, i+1}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_F16 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f16_f16_f32",  arr_dmmv_f16_f16_f32_len[reduc],  arr_dmmv_f16_f16_f32_data[reduc],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2, i+1}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_BF16][i], "mul_mat_vec_bf16_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_bf16_f16_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_bf16_f16_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2, i+1}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_0_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_0_f16_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q4_0_f16_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_1_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_1_f16_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q4_1_f16_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_0_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_0_f16_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q5_0_f16_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_1_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_1_f16_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q5_1_f16_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q8_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q8_0_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q8_0_f16_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q8_0_f16_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 1*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q2_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q2_k_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q2_k_f16_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q2_k_f16_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q3_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q3_k_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q3_k_f16_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q3_k_f16_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_k_f16_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q4_k_f16_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_k_f16_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q5_k_f16_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q6_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_q6_k_f16_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_q6_k_f16_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_f16_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq1_s_f16_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq1_s_f16_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_f16_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq1_m_f16_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq1_m_f16_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f16_f32",  arr_dmmv_iq2_xs_f16_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_iq2_xs_f16_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f16_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq2_s_f16_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq2_s_f16_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f16_f32", arr_dmmv_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f16_f32",   arr_dmmv_iq3_s_f16_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_iq3_s_f16_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_xs_f16_f32",  arr_dmmv_iq4_xs_f16_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_iq4_xs_f16_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32",  arr_dmmv_iq4_nl_f16_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_iq4_nl_f16_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_MXFP4][i],   "mul_mat_vec_mxfp4_f16_f32",   arr_dmmv_mxfp4_f16_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_mxfp4_f16_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+            if (device->integer_dot_product) {
+                const uint32_t subgroup_size_int = (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL && device->subgroup_size_control) ? device->subgroup_min_size : device->subgroup_size;
+                const uint32_t wg_size_subgroup_int = (w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP) ? subgroup_size_int : (subgroup_size_int * 4);
+
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_0_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_0_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q4_0_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_1_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_1_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q4_1_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_0_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_0_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q5_0_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_1][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_1_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_1_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q5_1_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q8_0][i], "mul_mat_vec_q8_0_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q8_0_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q8_0_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_MXFP4][i], "mul_mat_vec_mxfp4_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_mxfp4_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_mxfp4_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 2*rm_stdq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q2_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q2_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q2_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q2_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 2*rm_kq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q3_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q3_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q3_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q3_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q4_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q4_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q5_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q5_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q6_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q6_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_q6_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_q6_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int, i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq1_s_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_iq1_s_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_iq1_s_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_iq_int(i), 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_iq_int(i), i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq1_m_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_iq1_m_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_iq1_m_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {1*rm_iq_int(i), 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_iq_int(i), i+1}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+
+            }
+#endif // GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT
+        }
+
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "mul_mat_vec_id_f32_f32",        arr_dmmv_id_f32_f32_f32_len[reduc],     arr_dmmv_id_f32_f32_f32_data[reduc],     "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 1}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_F16 ], "mul_mat_vec_id_f16_f32",        arr_dmmv_id_f16_f32_f32_len[reduc],     arr_dmmv_id_f16_f32_f32_data[reduc],     "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_BF16], "mul_mat_vec_id_bf16_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_bf16_f32_f32_len[reduc],    arr_dmmv_id_bf16_f32_f32_data[reduc],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2}, 1, false, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_0_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q4_0_f32_f32_len[reduc],    arr_dmmv_id_q4_0_f32_f32_data[reduc],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_1_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q4_1_f32_f32_len[reduc],    arr_dmmv_id_q4_1_f32_f32_data[reduc],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_0_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q5_0_f32_f32_len[reduc],    arr_dmmv_id_q5_0_f32_f32_data[reduc],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_1_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q5_1_f32_f32_len[reduc],    arr_dmmv_id_q5_1_f32_f32_data[reduc],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q8_0_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q8_0_f32_f32_len[reduc],    arr_dmmv_id_q8_0_f32_f32_data[reduc],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup, 1*rm_stdq}, 1, true, use_subgroups, force_subgroup_size);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q2_k_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q2_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16],    arr_dmmv_id_q2_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q3_k_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q3_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16],    arr_dmmv_id_q3_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q4_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16],    arr_dmmv_id_q4_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q5_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16],    arr_dmmv_id_q5_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_f32",       arr_dmmv_id_q6_k_f32_f32_len[reduc16],    arr_dmmv_id_q6_k_f32_f32_data[reduc16],    "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_kq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_s_f32",   arr_dmmv_id_iq1_s_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_id_iq1_s_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_m_f32",   arr_dmmv_id_iq1_m_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_id_iq1_m_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xxs_f32", arr_dmmv_id_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_id_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xs_f32",  arr_dmmv_id_iq2_xs_f32_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_id_iq2_xs_f32_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_s_f32",   arr_dmmv_id_iq2_s_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_id_iq2_s_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_xxs_f32", arr_dmmv_id_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_len[reduc16], arr_dmmv_id_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_data[reduc16], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_s_f32",   arr_dmmv_id_iq3_s_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_id_iq3_s_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_xs_f32",  arr_dmmv_id_iq4_xs_f32_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_id_iq4_xs_f32_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32",  arr_dmmv_id_iq4_nl_f32_f32_len[reduc16],  arr_dmmv_id_iq4_nl_f32_f32_data[reduc16],  "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   "mul_mat_vec_id_mxfp4_f32",   arr_dmmv_id_mxfp4_f32_f32_len[reduc16],   arr_dmmv_id_mxfp4_f32_f32_data[reduc16],   "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_iq, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup16, rm_iq}, 1, true, use_subgroups16, force_subgroup_size16);
+
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+        if (device->integer_dot_product) {
+            const uint32_t subgroup_size_int = (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL && device->subgroup_size_control) ? device->subgroup_min_size : device->subgroup_size;
+            const uint32_t wg_size_subgroup_int = (w == DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP) ? subgroup_size_int : (subgroup_size_int * 4);
+
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_0_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q4_0_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q4_0_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_1_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q4_1_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q4_1_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_0_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q5_0_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q5_0_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_1_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q5_1_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q5_1_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "mul_mat_vec_id_q8_0_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q8_0_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q8_0_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_stdq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_MXFP4], "mul_mat_vec_id_mxfp4_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_mxfp4_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_mxfp4_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 2*rm_stdq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q2_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q2_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q2_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 2*rm_kq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q3_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q3_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q3_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q4_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q4_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q5_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q5_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_q6_k_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_q6_k_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_kq_int, 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_kq_int}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_s_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_iq1_s_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_iq1_s_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_iq_int(0), 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_iq_int(0)}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[w][GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq1_m_q8_1_f32", arr_dmmv_id_iq1_m_q8_1_f32_len[reduc], arr_dmmv_id_iq1_m_q8_1_f32_data[reduc], "main", mul_mat_vec_id_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {1*rm_iq_int(0), 1, 1}, {wg_size_subgroup_int, 1*rm_iq_int(0)}, 1, true, use_subgroups, subgroup_size_int);
+        }
+#endif // GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT
+    }
+
+#if !defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+    GGML_UNUSED(rm_stdq_int);
+    GGML_UNUSED(rm_kq_int);
+    GGML_UNUSED(rm_iq_int);
+#endif
 
     // dequant shaders
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "f32_to_f16",   dequant_f32_len,  dequant_f32_data,  "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 16, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2586,6 +4161,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "dequant_iq3_s",   dequant_iq3_s_len,   dequant_iq3_s_data,   "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  "dequant_iq4_xs",  dequant_iq4_xs_len,  dequant_iq4_xs_data,  "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "dequant_iq4_nl",  dequant_iq4_nl_len,  dequant_iq4_nl_data,  "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 16, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   "dequant_mxfp4",   dequant_mxfp4_len,   dequant_mxfp4_data,   "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 16, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     // get_rows
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "get_rows_f32",  get_rows_f32_len,  get_rows_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), { 512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2596,6 +4172,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "get_rows_q5_0", get_rows_q5_0_len, get_rows_q5_0_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "get_rows_q5_1", get_rows_q5_1_len, get_rows_q5_1_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "get_rows_q8_0", get_rows_q8_0_len, get_rows_q8_0_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], "get_rows_q2_k", get_rows_q2_k_len, get_rows_q2_k_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], "get_rows_q3_k", get_rows_q3_k_len, get_rows_q3_k_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], "get_rows_q4_k", get_rows_q4_k_len, get_rows_q4_k_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], "get_rows_q5_k", get_rows_q5_k_len, get_rows_q5_k_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], "get_rows_q6_k", get_rows_q6_k_len, get_rows_q6_k_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   "get_rows_iq1_s",   get_rows_iq1_s_len,   get_rows_iq1_s_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   "get_rows_iq1_m",   get_rows_iq1_m_len,   get_rows_iq1_m_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "get_rows_iq2_xxs", get_rows_iq2_xxs_len, get_rows_iq2_xxs_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2605,6 +4186,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "get_rows_iq3_s",   get_rows_iq3_s_len,   get_rows_iq3_s_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  "get_rows_iq4_xs",  get_rows_iq4_xs_len,  get_rows_iq4_xs_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "get_rows_iq4_nl",  get_rows_iq4_nl_len,  get_rows_iq4_nl_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   "get_rows_mxfp4",   get_rows_mxfp4_len,   get_rows_mxfp4_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_I32],     "get_rows_i32",     get_rows_i32_len,     get_rows_i32_data,     "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "get_rows_f32_f32",  get_rows_f32_f32_len,  get_rows_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), { 512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_F16 ], "get_rows_f16_f32",  get_rows_f16_f32_len,  get_rows_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), { 512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2614,6 +4197,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "get_rows_q5_0_f32", get_rows_q5_0_f32_len, get_rows_q5_0_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "get_rows_q5_1_f32", get_rows_q5_1_f32_len, get_rows_q5_1_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "get_rows_q8_0_f32", get_rows_q8_0_f32_len, get_rows_q8_0_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K], "get_rows_q2_k_f32", get_rows_q2_k_f32_len, get_rows_q2_k_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K], "get_rows_q3_k_f32", get_rows_q3_k_f32_len, get_rows_q3_k_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], "get_rows_q4_k_f32", get_rows_q4_k_f32_len, get_rows_q4_k_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], "get_rows_q5_k_f32", get_rows_q5_k_f32_len, get_rows_q5_k_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], "get_rows_q6_k_f32", get_rows_q6_k_f32_len, get_rows_q6_k_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S],   "get_rows_iq1_s_f32",   get_rows_iq1_s_f32_len,   get_rows_iq1_s_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M],   "get_rows_iq1_m_f32",   get_rows_iq1_m_f32_len,   get_rows_iq1_m_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "get_rows_iq2_xxs_f32", get_rows_iq2_xxs_f32_len, get_rows_iq2_xxs_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2623,53 +4211,103 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "get_rows_iq3_s_f32",   get_rows_iq3_s_f32_len,   get_rows_iq3_s_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS],  "get_rows_iq4_xs_f32",  get_rows_iq4_xs_f32_len,  get_rows_iq4_xs_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "get_rows_iq4_nl_f32",  get_rows_iq4_nl_f32_len,  get_rows_iq4_nl_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_MXFP4],   "get_rows_mxfp4_f32",   get_rows_mxfp4_f32_len,   get_rows_mxfp4_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce, "split_k_reduce", split_k_reduce_len, split_k_reduce_data, "main", 2, 2 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 4, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_split_k_reduce, "fa_split_k_reduce", fa_split_k_reduce_len, fa_split_k_reduce_data, "main", 2, 3 * sizeof(uint32_t), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_quantize_q8_1, "quantize_q8_1", quantize_q8_1_len, quantize_q8_1_data, "main", 2, 1 * sizeof(uint32_t), {32 * device->subgroup_size / 8, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_flash_attn_split_k_reduce, "fa_split_k_reduce", fa_split_k_reduce_len, fa_split_k_reduce_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_flash_attn_split_k_reduce_push_constants), {1, device->subgroup_size, 1}, {device->subgroup_size}, 1, true);
+
+    for (auto &it : device->pipeline_fa_mask_opt) {
+        auto BrBc = it.first;
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, it.second, "fa_mask_opt", fa_mask_opt_len, fa_mask_opt_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_flash_attn_mask_opt_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {128, 128 / device->subgroup_size, BrBc.first, BrBc.second}, 1, true, true, device->subgroup_size);
+    }
+
+    if (device->subgroup_clustered && device->subgroup_require_full_support) {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_quantize_q8_1_x4, "quantize_q8_1_x4", quantize_q8_1_x4_subgroup_len, quantize_q8_1_x4_subgroup_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_quantize_q8_1_push_constants), {32 * device->subgroup_size / 8, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true, true);
+    } else {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_quantize_q8_1_x4, "quantize_q8_1_x4", quantize_q8_1_x4_len, quantize_q8_1_x4_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_quantize_q8_1_push_constants), {32 * device->subgroup_size / 8, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
+    }
 
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p021_max_gqa_ratio; ++i) {
-        if (device->subgroup_add && device->subgroup_require_full_support) {
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[i], "mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_subgroup_add_len, mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_subgroup_add_data, "main", 3, 6 * sizeof(uint32_t), {1, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, i + 1}, 1, true, true);
+        if (device->subgroup_arithmetic && device->subgroup_require_full_support) {
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[i], "mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_subgroup_add_len, mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_subgroup_add_data, "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_p021_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, i + 1}, 1, true, true);
         } else {
-            ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[i], "mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_len,              mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_data,              "main", 3, 6 * sizeof(uint32_t), {1, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, i + 1}, 1, true);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[i], "mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_len,              mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_data,              "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_p021_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, i + 1}, 1, true);
         }
     }
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32, "mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32", mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, 9 * sizeof(uint32_t), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32, "mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32", mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32_data, "main", mul_mat_vec_num_bindings, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_nc_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_norm_f32, "norm_f32", norm_f32_len, norm_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_group_norm_f32, "group_norm_f32", group_norm_f32_len, group_norm_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_f32, "rms_norm_f32", rms_norm_f32_len, rms_norm_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_f32, "rms_norm_f32", rms_norm_f32_len, rms_norm_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_f32, "rms_norm_mul_f32", rms_norm_f32_len, rms_norm_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {0, 1}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_partials_f32, "rms_norm_partials_f32", rms_norm_partials_f32_len, rms_norm_partials_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {0, 0}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_partials_f32, "rms_norm_mul_partials_f32", rms_norm_partials_f32_len, rms_norm_partials_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {0, 1}, 1, true);
+
+    if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16 &&
+        sizeof(vk_op_rms_norm_mul_rope_push_constants) <= device->properties.limits.maxPushConstantsSize) {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f32, "rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f32", rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f32_len, rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f32_data, "main", 7, sizeof(vk_op_rms_norm_mul_rope_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {0, 1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f16, "rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f16", rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f16_rte_len, rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f16_rte_data, "main", 7, sizeof(vk_op_rms_norm_mul_rope_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {0, 1}, 1, true);
+    }
+
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rms_norm_back_f32, "rms_norm_back_f32", rms_norm_back_f32_len, rms_norm_back_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_l2_norm_f32, "l2_norm_f32", l2_norm_f32_len, l2_norm_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_l2_norm_f32, "l2_norm_f32", l2_norm_f32_len, l2_norm_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_f32, "cpy_f32_f32", cpy_f32_f32_len, cpy_f32_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_f16, "cpy_f32_f16", cpy_f32_f16_len, cpy_f32_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f16_f16, "cpy_f16_f16", cpy_f16_f16_len, cpy_f16_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f16_f32, "cpy_f16_f32", cpy_f16_f32_len, cpy_f16_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_bf16,"cpy_f32_bf16",cpy_f32_bf16_len,cpy_f32_bf16_data,"main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_i32_f32, "cpy_i32_f32", cpy_i32_f32_len, cpy_i32_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_i32, "cpy_f32_i32", cpy_f32_i32_len, cpy_f32_i32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f32, "contig_cpy_f32_f32", contig_cpy_f32_f32_len, contig_cpy_f32_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f16, "contig_cpy_f32_f16", contig_cpy_f32_f16_len, contig_cpy_f32_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f16, "contig_cpy_f16_f16", contig_cpy_f16_f16_len, contig_cpy_f16_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f32, "contig_cpy_f16_f32", contig_cpy_f16_f32_len, contig_cpy_f16_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_bf16,"contig_cpy_f32_bf16",contig_cpy_f32_bf16_len,contig_cpy_f32_bf16_data,"main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_contig_cpy_i32_f32, "contig_cpy_i32_f32", contig_cpy_i32_f32_len, contig_cpy_i32_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_i32, "contig_cpy_f32_i32", contig_cpy_f32_i32_len, contig_cpy_f32_i32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_transpose_32, "cpy_transpose_32", cpy_transpose_32_len, cpy_transpose_32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_transpose_16, "cpy_transpose_16", cpy_transpose_16_len, cpy_transpose_16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "cpy_f32_q4_0", cpy_f32_q4_0_rte_len, cpy_f32_q4_0_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "cpy_f32_q4_1", cpy_f32_q4_1_rte_len, cpy_f32_q4_1_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "cpy_f32_q5_0", cpy_f32_q5_0_rte_len, cpy_f32_q5_0_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "cpy_f32_q5_1", cpy_f32_q5_1_rte_len, cpy_f32_q5_1_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "cpy_f32_q8_0", cpy_f32_q8_0_rte_len, cpy_f32_q8_0_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "cpy_f32_iq4_nl", cpy_f32_iq4_nl_rte_len, cpy_f32_iq4_nl_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    } else {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "cpy_f32_q4_0", cpy_f32_q4_0_len, cpy_f32_q4_0_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "cpy_f32_q4_1", cpy_f32_q4_1_len, cpy_f32_q4_1_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "cpy_f32_q5_0", cpy_f32_q5_0_len, cpy_f32_q5_0_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "cpy_f32_q5_1", cpy_f32_q5_1_len, cpy_f32_q5_1_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "cpy_f32_q8_0", cpy_f32_q8_0_len, cpy_f32_q8_0_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "cpy_f32_iq4_nl", cpy_f32_iq4_nl_len, cpy_f32_iq4_nl_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    }
+
+#define SET_ROWS(itype, rte) \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_F32],  "set_rows_f32" #itype,  set_rows_f32 ## itype ## rte ## _len,  set_rows_f32 ## itype ## rte ## _data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_F16],  "set_rows_f16" #itype,  set_rows_f16 ## itype ## rte ## _len,  set_rows_f16 ## itype ## rte ## _data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_BF16], "set_rows_bf16" #itype, set_rows_bf16 ## itype ## rte ## _len, set_rows_bf16 ## itype ## rte ## _data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "set_rows_q4_0" #itype, set_rows_q4_0 ## itype ## rte ## _len, set_rows_q4_0 ## itype ## rte ## _data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "set_rows_q4_1" #itype, set_rows_q4_1 ## itype ## rte ## _len, set_rows_q4_1 ## itype ## rte ## _data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "set_rows_q5_0" #itype, set_rows_q5_0 ## itype ## rte ## _len, set_rows_q5_0 ## itype ## rte ## _data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "set_rows_q5_1" #itype, set_rows_q5_1 ## itype ## rte ## _len, set_rows_q5_1 ## itype ## rte ## _data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "set_rows_q8_0" #itype, set_rows_q8_0 ## itype ## rte ## _len, set_rows_q8_0 ## itype ## rte ## _data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true); \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_rows ## itype [GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "set_rows_iq4_nl" #itype, set_rows_iq4_nl ## itype ## rte ## _len, set_rows_iq4_nl ## itype ## rte ## _data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {1}, 1, true);
 
     if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "cpy_f32_q4_0", cpy_f32_q4_0_rte_len, cpy_f32_q4_0_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "cpy_f32_q4_1", cpy_f32_q4_1_rte_len, cpy_f32_q4_1_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "cpy_f32_q5_0", cpy_f32_q5_0_rte_len, cpy_f32_q5_0_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "cpy_f32_q5_1", cpy_f32_q5_1_rte_len, cpy_f32_q5_1_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "cpy_f32_q8_0", cpy_f32_q8_0_rte_len, cpy_f32_q8_0_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "cpy_f32_iq4_nl", cpy_f32_iq4_nl_rte_len, cpy_f32_iq4_nl_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        SET_ROWS(_i32, _rte)
+        SET_ROWS(_i64, _rte)
     } else {
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "cpy_f32_q4_0", cpy_f32_q4_0_len, cpy_f32_q4_0_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "cpy_f32_q4_1", cpy_f32_q4_1_len, cpy_f32_q4_1_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "cpy_f32_q5_0", cpy_f32_q5_0_len, cpy_f32_q5_0_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "cpy_f32_q5_1", cpy_f32_q5_1_len, cpy_f32_q5_1_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "cpy_f32_q8_0", cpy_f32_q8_0_len, cpy_f32_q8_0_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_f32_quant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "cpy_f32_iq4_nl", cpy_f32_iq4_nl_len, cpy_f32_iq4_nl_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        SET_ROWS(_i32, )
+        SET_ROWS(_i64, )
     }
+#undef SET_ROWS
+
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_quant_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0], "cpy_q4_0_f32", cpy_q4_0_f32_len, cpy_q4_0_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cpy_quant_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1], "cpy_q4_1_f32", cpy_q4_1_f32_len, cpy_q4_1_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {(uint32_t)ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1), 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2686,39 +4324,72 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         return s;
     };
 
-#define CREATE_BINARY(name, namemod, spec) \
+    bool rte = device->float_controls_rte_fp16;
+#define CREATE_BINARY(name, namemod, spec, bindings) \
     for (int s0 : {0,1}) for (int s1 : {0,1}) for (int d : {0,1}) \
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name ## namemod[s0][s1][d], \
-                                #name + get_suffix(s0, s1, d) + #namemod, name ## _len[s0][s1][d], name ## _data[s0][s1][d], \
-                                "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, spec, 1);
-
-    CREATE_BINARY(add, , {0})
-    CREATE_BINARY(add, _norepeat, {1})
-    CREATE_BINARY(sub, , {0})
-    CREATE_BINARY(sub, _norepeat, {1})
-    CREATE_BINARY(mul, , {0})
-    CREATE_BINARY(mul, _norepeat, {1})
-    CREATE_BINARY(div, , {0})
-    CREATE_BINARY(div, _norepeat, {1})
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_ ## name ## namemod[s0][s1][d], \
+                                #name + get_suffix(s0, s1, d) + #namemod, name ## _len[s0][s1][d][rte], name ## _data[s0][s1][d][rte], \
+                                "main", (bindings), sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, spec, 1);
+
+    CREATE_BINARY(add, , {0}, 4)
+    CREATE_BINARY(add, _norepeat, {1}, 4)
+    CREATE_BINARY(sub, , {0}, 3)
+    CREATE_BINARY(sub, _norepeat, {1}, 3)
+    CREATE_BINARY(mul, , {0}, 3)
+    CREATE_BINARY(mul, _norepeat, {1}, 3)
+    CREATE_BINARY(div, , {0}, 3)
+    CREATE_BINARY(div, _norepeat, {1}, 3)
+    CREATE_BINARY(add_rms, , {0}, 4)
+    CREATE_BINARY(add_rms, _norepeat, {1}, 4)
 #undef CREATE_BINARY
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_acc_f32, "acc_f32", acc_f32_len, acc_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    if (device->multi_add) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < MAX_FUSED_ADDS; ++i) {
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_multi_add[i],     "multi_add_f32_"     + std::to_string(i+1), multi_add_f32_len,     multi_add_f32_data,     "main", MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT, sizeof(vk_op_multi_add_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {i+2}, 1);
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_multi_add_rms[i], "multi_add_rms_f32_" + std::to_string(i+1), multi_add_rms_f32_len, multi_add_rms_f32_data, "main", MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT, sizeof(vk_op_multi_add_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {i+2}, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_add_id_f32, "add_id_f32", add_id_f32_len, add_id_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_add_id_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_acc_f32, "acc_f32", acc_f32_len, acc_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {0, 1}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_set_f32, "set_f32", acc_f32_len, acc_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {0, 0}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_concat_f32, "concat_f32", concat_f32_len, concat_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_concat_f16, "concat_f16", concat_f16_len, concat_f16_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_concat_i32, "concat_i32", concat_i32_len, concat_i32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_upscale_f32, "upscale_f32", upscale_f32_len, upscale_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_upscale_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_upscale_nearest_f32, "upscale_f32", upscale_f32_len, upscale_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_upscale_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_upscale_bilinear_f32, "upscale_f32", upscale_f32_len, upscale_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_upscale_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_upscale_bicubic_f32, "upscale_f32", upscale_f32_len, upscale_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_upscale_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {GGML_SCALE_MODE_BICUBIC}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_upscale_bilinear_antialias_f32, "upscale_f32", upscale_f32_len, upscale_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_upscale_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR | GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_scale_f32, "scale_f32", scale_f32_len, scale_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_sqr_f32, "sqr_f32", sqr_f32_len, sqr_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_sqrt_f32, "sqrt_f32", sqrt_f32_len, sqrt_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_sin_f32, "sin_f32", sin_f32_len, sin_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cos_f32, "cos_f32", cos_f32_len, cos_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
+    if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_log[0], "log_f32_rte", log_f32_rte_len, log_f32_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_log[1], "log_f16_rte", log_f16_rte_len, log_f16_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    } else {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_log[0], "log_f32", log_f32_len, log_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_log[1], "log_f16", log_f16_len, log_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    }
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_tri[0], "tri_f32", tri_f32_len, tri_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_tri[1], "tri_f16", tri_f16_len, tri_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_diag[0], "diag_f32", diag_f32_len, diag_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_diag[1], "diag_f16", diag_f16_len, diag_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_clamp_f32, "clamp_f32", clamp_f32_len, clamp_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_pad_f32, "pad_f32", pad_f32_len, pad_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_pad_f32, "pad_f32", pad_f32_len, pad_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_pad_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_roll_f32, "roll_f32", roll_f32_len, roll_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_repeat_f32, "repeat_f32", repeat_f32_len, repeat_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_repeat_back_f32, "repeat_back_f32", repeat_back_f32_len, repeat_back_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_unary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2727,55 +4398,178 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [0], #name "_f32", name ## _f32_len, name ## _f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);  \
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [1], #name "_f16", name ## _f16_len, name ## _f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
+    CREATE_UNARY(elu)
     CREATE_UNARY(gelu)
+    CREATE_UNARY(gelu_erf)
     CREATE_UNARY(gelu_quick)
     CREATE_UNARY(silu)
     CREATE_UNARY(relu)
+    CREATE_UNARY(xielu)
+    CREATE_UNARY(neg)
     CREATE_UNARY(tanh)
     CREATE_UNARY(sigmoid)
+    CREATE_UNARY(hardsigmoid)
+    CREATE_UNARY(hardswish)
+    CREATE_UNARY(abs)
+    CREATE_UNARY(softplus)
+    CREATE_UNARY(step)
+    CREATE_UNARY(round)
+    CREATE_UNARY(ceil)
+    CREATE_UNARY(floor)
+    CREATE_UNARY(trunc)
+    CREATE_UNARY(sgn)
 #undef CREATE_UNARY
 
+#define CREATE_UNARY_RTE(name)  \
+    if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {  \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [0], #name "_f32_rte", name ## _f32_rte_len, name ## _f32_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [1], #name "_f16_rte", name ## _f16_rte_len, name ## _f16_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);   \
+    } else {    \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [0], #name "_f32", name ## _f32_len, name ## _f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [1], #name "_f16", name ## _f16_len, name ## _f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);   \
+    }
+    CREATE_UNARY_RTE(exp)
+#undef CREATE_UNARY_RTE
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_add1_f16_f16, "add1_f16_f16", add1_f16_f16_len, add1_f16_f16_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_add1_f16_f32, "add1_f16_f32", add1_f16_f32_len, add1_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_add1_f32_f32, "add1_f32_f32", add1_f32_f32_len, add1_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_arange_f32, "arange_f32", arange_f32_len, arange_f32_data, "main", 1, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_fill_f32, "fill_f32", fill_f32_len, fill_f32_data, "main", 1, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+#define CREATE_GLU(name)  \
+    if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {  \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [0], #name "_f32_rte", name ## _f32_rte_len, name ## _f32_rte_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_glu_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [1], #name "_f16_rte", name ## _f16_rte_len, name ## _f16_rte_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_glu_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1, true);   \
+    } else {    \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [0], #name "_f32", name ## _f32_len, name ## _f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_glu_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [1], #name "_f16", name ## _f16_len, name ## _f16_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_glu_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1, true);   \
+    }
+
+    CREATE_GLU(geglu)
+    CREATE_GLU(reglu)
+    CREATE_GLU(swiglu)
+    CREATE_GLU(swiglu_oai)
+    CREATE_GLU(geglu_erf)
+    CREATE_GLU(geglu_quick)
+#undef CREATE_GLU
+
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_leaky_relu_f32, "leaky_relu_f32", leaky_relu_f32_len, leaky_relu_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_silu_back_f32, "silu_back_f32", silu_back_f32_len, silu_back_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_diag_mask_inf_f32, "diag_mask_inf_f32", diag_mask_inf_f32_len, diag_mask_inf_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_diag_mask_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1, true);
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32, "soft_max_f32", soft_max_f32_len, soft_max_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_wg512, "soft_max_f32_wg512", soft_max_f32_len, soft_max_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_f16, "soft_max_f32_f16", soft_max_f32_f16_len, soft_max_f32_f16_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_f16_wg512, "soft_max_f32_f16_wg512", soft_max_f32_f16_len, soft_max_f32_f16_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_back_f32, "soft_max_back_f32", soft_max_back_f32_len, soft_max_back_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32, "soft_max_f32", soft_max_f32_len, soft_max_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_wg512, "soft_max_f32_wg512", soft_max_f32_len, soft_max_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_f16, "soft_max_f32_f16", soft_max_f32_f16_len, soft_max_f32_f16_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_f16_wg512, "soft_max_f32_f16_wg512", soft_max_f32_f16_len, soft_max_f32_f16_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_back_f32, "soft_max_back_f32", soft_max_back_f32_len, soft_max_back_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true);
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f32, "rope_norm_f32", rope_norm_f32_len, rope_norm_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f32, "rope_neox_f32", rope_neox_f32_len, rope_neox_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f32, "rope_multi_f32", rope_multi_f32_len, rope_multi_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_vision_f32, "rope_vision_f32", rope_vision_f32_len, rope_vision_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_large1_f32,     "soft_max_large1_f32",     soft_max_large1_f32_len,     soft_max_large1_f32_data,     "main", 6, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 128, 4 }, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_large2_f32,     "soft_max_large2_f32",     soft_max_large2_f32_len,     soft_max_large2_f32_data,     "main", 6, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 128, 4 }, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_large3_f32,     "soft_max_large3_f32",     soft_max_large3_f32_len,     soft_max_large3_f32_data,     "main", 6, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 128, 4 }, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_large1_f32_f16, "soft_max_large1_f32_f16", soft_max_large1_f32_f16_len, soft_max_large1_f32_f16_data, "main", 6, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 128, 4 }, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_large2_f32_f16, "soft_max_large2_f32_f16", soft_max_large2_f32_f16_len, soft_max_large2_f32_f16_data, "main", 6, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 128, 4 }, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_large3_f32_f16, "soft_max_large3_f32_f16", soft_max_large3_f32_f16_len, soft_max_large3_f32_f16_data, "main", 6, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 128, 4 }, 1, true);
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f32, "rope_norm_f32", rope_norm_f32_len, rope_norm_f32_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f32, "rope_neox_f32", rope_neox_f32_len, rope_neox_f32_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f32, "rope_multi_f32", rope_multi_f32_len, rope_multi_f32_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_vision_f32, "rope_vision_f32", rope_vision_f32_len, rope_vision_f32_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f16, "rope_norm_f16", rope_norm_f16_rte_len, rope_norm_f16_rte_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f16, "rope_neox_f16", rope_neox_f16_rte_len, rope_neox_f16_rte_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f16, "rope_multi_f16", rope_multi_f16_rte_len, rope_multi_f16_rte_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_vision_f16, "rope_vision_f16", rope_vision_f16_rte_len, rope_vision_f16_rte_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f16, "rope_norm_f16", rope_norm_f16_rte_len, rope_norm_f16_rte_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f16, "rope_neox_f16", rope_neox_f16_rte_len, rope_neox_f16_rte_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f16, "rope_multi_f16", rope_multi_f16_rte_len, rope_multi_f16_rte_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_vision_f16, "rope_vision_f16", rope_vision_f16_rte_len, rope_vision_f16_rte_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f32_f16, "rope_norm_f32_f16", rope_norm_f32_f16_rte_len, rope_norm_f32_f16_rte_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f32_f16, "rope_neox_f32_f16", rope_neox_f32_f16_rte_len, rope_neox_f32_f16_rte_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f32_f16, "rope_multi_f32_f16", rope_multi_f32_f16_rte_len, rope_multi_f32_f16_rte_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
     } else {
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f16, "rope_norm_f16", rope_norm_f16_len, rope_norm_f16_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f16, "rope_neox_f16", rope_neox_f16_len, rope_neox_f16_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f16, "rope_multi_f16", rope_multi_f16_len, rope_multi_f16_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_vision_f16, "rope_vision_f16", rope_vision_f16_len, rope_vision_f16_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f16, "rope_norm_f16", rope_norm_f16_len, rope_norm_f16_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f16, "rope_neox_f16", rope_neox_f16_len, rope_neox_f16_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f16, "rope_multi_f16", rope_multi_f16_len, rope_multi_f16_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_vision_f16, "rope_vision_f16", rope_vision_f16_len, rope_vision_f16_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_norm_f32_f16, "rope_norm_f32_f16", rope_norm_f32_f16_len, rope_norm_f32_f16_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_neox_f32_f16, "rope_neox_f32_f16", rope_neox_f32_f16_len, rope_neox_f32_f16_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rope_multi_f32_f16, "rope_multi_f32_f16", rope_multi_f32_f16_len, rope_multi_f32_f16_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_rope_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_argsort_pipelines; ++i) {
+        uint32_t BLOCK_SIZE = 1u << std::min(i, device->max_workgroup_size_log2);
+        if (i <= device->max_workgroup_size_log2 &&
+            2 * sizeof(int) * BLOCK_SIZE <= device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize) {
+            const uint32_t NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2 = i;
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_argsort_f32[i], "argsort_f32_"+std::to_string(i), argsort_f32_len, argsort_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_argsort_push_constants), {BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1}, {BLOCK_SIZE, NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2}, 1, true);
+        }
+        const uint32_t WG_UNROLL_FACTOR = BLOCK_SIZE > 1 ? 2 : 1;
+        BLOCK_SIZE /= WG_UNROLL_FACTOR;
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_argsort_large_f32[i], "argsort_large_f32_"+std::to_string(i), argsort_large_f32_len, argsort_large_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_argsort_push_constants), {BLOCK_SIZE * WG_UNROLL_FACTOR, 1, 1}, {BLOCK_SIZE, WG_UNROLL_FACTOR}, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_topk_pipelines; ++i) {
+        const uint32_t BLOCK_SIZE = 1u << i;
+        const uint32_t NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2 = i;
+        if (i <= device->max_workgroup_size_log2) {
+            uint32_t nary_shmem = 2 * sizeof(int) * BLOCK_SIZE +
+                                  sizeof(int) * device->subgroup_size +
+                                  2 * sizeof(int) +
+                                  2 * (BLOCK_SIZE / device->subgroup_size) * sizeof(int);
+            if (device->subgroup_arithmetic && device->subgroup_require_full_support && device->subgroup_shuffle && device->subgroup_ballot &&
+                nary_shmem <= device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize) {
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_topk_f32[i], "topk_f32_"+std::to_string(i), topk_nary_search_f32_len, topk_nary_search_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_topk_push_constants), {BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1}, {BLOCK_SIZE, device->subgroup_size, device->subgroup_size_log2}, 1, true, true, device->subgroup_size);
+            } else if (2 * sizeof(int) * BLOCK_SIZE <= device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize) {
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_topk_f32[i], "topk_f32_"+std::to_string(i), topk_argsort_f32_len, topk_argsort_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_topk_push_constants), {BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1}, {BLOCK_SIZE, NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2}, 1, true);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_argsort_f32, "argsort_f32", argsort_f32_len, argsort_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_argsort_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_argmax_f32, "argmax_f32", argmax_f32_len, argmax_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_sum_rows_f32, "sum_rows_f32", sum_rows_f32_len, sum_rows_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_sum_rows_f32, "sum_rows_f32", sum_rows_f32_len, sum_rows_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
+
+    const uint32_t cumsum_elem_per_thread = (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD || device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) ? 2 : 4;
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cumsum_f32,       "cumsum_f32", cumsum_f32_len, cumsum_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 256, device->subgroup_size, cumsum_elem_per_thread }, 1, true, true, device->subgroup_size);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cumsum_small_f32, "cumsum_f32", cumsum_f32_len, cumsum_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 128, device->subgroup_size, 1 }, 1, true, true, device->subgroup_size);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cumsum_multipass1_f32, "cumsum_multipass1_f32", cumsum_multipass1_f32_len, cumsum_multipass1_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants), {256, 1, 1}, { 256, device->subgroup_size }, 1, true, true, device->subgroup_size);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_cumsum_multipass2_f32, "cumsum_multipass2_f32", cumsum_multipass2_f32_len, cumsum_multipass2_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants), {256, 1, 1}, { 256, device->subgroup_size }, 1, true, true, device->subgroup_size);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_count_equal_i32, "count_equal_i32", count_equal_i32_len, count_equal_i32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_f32, "im2col_f32", im2col_f32_len, im2col_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true);
-    if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_f32_f16, "im2col_f32_f16", im2col_f32_f16_rte_len, im2col_f32_f16_rte_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_count_experts, "count_experts", count_experts_len, count_experts_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_count_experts_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {}, 1, true);
+
+    for (auto &s : device->pipeline_solve_tri_f32) {
+        const vk_solve_tri_pipeline_state &state = s.first;
+
+        // Max number of rows to load at a time, limited by shared memory
+        const uint32_t batch_N = device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize / ((state.N + state.K) * sizeof(float));
+        // Need at least K invocations, and prefer a minimum of 128 to spread out loading shared memory
+        const uint32_t block_size = std::max(128u, 1u << (uint32_t)ceilf(log2f(float(state.K))));
+
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(
+            device, s.second, "solve_tri_f32",
+            solve_tri_f32_len, solve_tri_f32_data, "main", 3,
+            sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 0, state.N, state.K, batch_N, block_size }, 1, true);
+    }
+
+#define IM2COL(bda) \
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_f32, "im2col_f32", im2col_f32 ## bda ## _len, im2col_f32 ## bda ## _data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true);   \
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_3d_f32, "im2col_3d_f32", im2col_3d_f32 ## bda ## _len, im2col_3d_f32 ## bda ## _data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_3d_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1, true);      \
+    if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {  \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_f32_f16, "im2col_f32_f16", im2col_f32_f16_rte ## bda ## _len, im2col_f32_f16_rte ## bda ## _data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_3d_f32_f16, "im2col_3d_f32_f16", im2col_3d_f32_f16_rte ## bda ## _len, im2col_3d_f32_f16_rte ## bda ## _data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_3d_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1, true);      \
+    } else {    \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_f32_f16, "im2col_f32_f16", im2col_f32_f16 ## bda ## _len, im2col_f32_f16 ## bda ## _data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true);   \
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_3d_f32_f16, "im2col_3d_f32_f16", im2col_3d_f32_f16 ## bda ## _len, im2col_3d_f32_f16 ## bda ## _data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_3d_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1, true);      \
+    }
+    if (device->shader_int64 && device->buffer_device_address) {
+        IM2COL(_bda)
     } else {
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_im2col_f32_f16, "im2col_f32_f16", im2col_f32_f16_len, im2col_f32_f16_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_im2col_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1, true);
+        IM2COL()
     }
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_timestep_embedding_f32, "timestep_embedding_f32", timestep_embedding_f32_len, timestep_embedding_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_timestep_embedding_push_constants), {256, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -2788,18 +4582,144 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_rwkv_wkv7_f32, "rwkv_wkv7_f32", rwkv_wkv7_f32_len, rwkv_wkv7_f32_data, "main", 8, sizeof(vk_op_rwkv_wkv7_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size}, 1);
 
+    {
+        const uint32_t gdn_sizes[] = {32, 64, 128};
+        const char * gdn_names[][2] = {
+            {"gated_delta_net_f32_d32",     "gated_delta_net_f32_d32_kda"},
+            {"gated_delta_net_f32_d64",     "gated_delta_net_f32_d64_kda"},
+            {"gated_delta_net_f32_d128",    "gated_delta_net_f32_d128_kda"},
+        };
+        for (uint32_t si = 0; si < 3; si++) {
+            for (uint32_t kda = 0; kda < 2; kda++) {
+                ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_gated_delta_net[si][kda],
+                    gdn_names[si][kda], gated_delta_net_f32_len, gated_delta_net_f32_data,
+                    "main", 7, sizeof(vk_op_gated_delta_net_push_constants),
+                    {1, 1, 1}, {gdn_sizes[si], kda}, 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (device->subgroup_arithmetic && device->subgroup_require_full_support) {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d128, "ssm_scan_128_f32", ssm_scan_subgroup_f32_len, ssm_scan_subgroup_f32_data, "main", 8, sizeof(vk_op_ssm_scan_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {128, device->subgroup_size}, 1, true, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d256, "ssm_scan_256_f32", ssm_scan_subgroup_f32_len, ssm_scan_subgroup_f32_data, "main", 8, sizeof(vk_op_ssm_scan_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {256, device->subgroup_size}, 1, true, true);
+    } else {
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d128, "ssm_scan_128_f32", ssm_scan_f32_len, ssm_scan_f32_data, "main", 8, sizeof(vk_op_ssm_scan_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {128, device->subgroup_size, 16}, 1, true, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d256, "ssm_scan_256_f32", ssm_scan_f32_len, ssm_scan_f32_data, "main", 8, sizeof(vk_op_ssm_scan_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {256, device->subgroup_size, 16}, 1, true, true);
+    }
+
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ssm_conv_f32, "ssm_conv_f32", ssm_conv_f32_len, ssm_conv_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_ssm_conv_push_constants), {32, 16, 1}, {32, 16}, 1);
+
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_opt_step_adamw_f32, "opt_step_adamw_f32", opt_step_adamw_f32_len, opt_step_adamw_f32_data, "main", 5, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_opt_step_sgd_f32, "opt_step_sgd_f32", opt_step_sgd_f32_len, opt_step_sgd_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    // conv2d, conv_transpose_2d
+    for (uint32_t s = 0; s < CONV_SHAPE_COUNT; ++s) {
+        uint32_t conv2d_WG_SIZE  = 256;
+        uint32_t use_collectives = 0;  // Enables subgroup ops for preventing the re-calculation of indices.
+        uint32_t conv2d_TS_K     = (s == CONV_SHAPE_64x32) ? 4 : 8;
+        uint32_t conv2d_SHMEM_PAD = 4;
+        vk_conv_block_size conv2d_BS = vk_conv_block_sizes[s];
+        bool conv2d_UNROLL = true;
+
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+        if (device->coopmat2) {
+            conv2d_SHMEM_PAD = 8; // 8 float16_t
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+            conv2d_SHMEM_PAD = 0;
+            conv2d_UNROLL = false;
+        } else if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD) {
+            conv2d_SHMEM_PAD = device->architecture == vk_device_architecture::AMD_GCN ? 1 : 4;
+            if (s == CONV_SHAPE_128x128 && device->architecture != vk_device_architecture::AMD_GCN) {
+                conv2d_UNROLL = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Use collectives on pre-Turing NVIDIA GPUs and GCN AMD cards, which had slower integer math.
+        bool allow_collectives_nv = device->vendor_id != VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA ||
+                                    device->architecture == vk_device_architecture::NVIDIA_PRE_TURING;
+        bool allow_collectives_amd = device->vendor_id != VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD ||
+                                     device->architecture == vk_device_architecture::AMD_GCN;
+
+        if (device->subgroup_shuffle &&
+            device->vendor_id != VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL &&   // Do not enable collectives on Intel, see PR 14316.
+            allow_collectives_nv &&
+            allow_collectives_amd) {
+            use_collectives = 1;
+            conv2d_BS.CRS   = std::min(
+                device->subgroup_size,
+                conv2d_BS.CRS);  // CRS block size should be capped at subgroup size for correctness when shuffle is used.
+        }
+
+        uint32_t conv2d_shmem_req =
+            (conv2d_BS.K * (conv2d_BS.CRS + conv2d_SHMEM_PAD) + conv2d_BS.CRS * (conv2d_BS.NPQ + conv2d_SHMEM_PAD)) * sizeof(float);
+        if (device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize < conv2d_shmem_req) {
+            conv2d_BS.CRS = 8;
+            if (use_collectives) {
+                conv2d_BS.CRS = std::min(device->subgroup_size, conv2d_BS.CRS);
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms = { conv2d_BS.K, 1, 1 };
+        std::vector<uint32_t> spec_constants = { conv2d_WG_SIZE, conv2d_BS.K, conv2d_BS.CRS, conv2d_BS.NPQ, conv2d_TS_K, use_collectives, conv2d_SHMEM_PAD };
+
+#define CREATE_CONV(name, type_suffix, spv_suffix) \
+        for (auto &c : device->pipeline_##name##type_suffix[s]) { \
+            const vk_conv2d_pipeline_state &state = c.first;  \
+            std::vector<uint32_t> spec_constants_cpy = spec_constants; \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.s0); \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.s1); \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.p0); \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.p1); \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.d0); \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.d1); \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.KW); \
+            spec_constants_cpy.push_back(state.KH); \
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline( \
+                device, c.second, #name #type_suffix, \
+                name##type_suffix##spv_suffix##_len, name##type_suffix##spv_suffix##_data, "main", 3, \
+                sizeof(vk_op_conv2d_push_constants), wg_denoms, spec_constants_cpy, 1, true, use_collectives);    \
+        }
+#define CREATE_CONVS(spv_suffix) \
+        CREATE_CONV(conv2d, _f32, spv_suffix) \
+        CREATE_CONV(conv2d, _f16_f32, spv_suffix) \
+        CREATE_CONV(conv_transpose_2d, _f32, spv_suffix) \
+        CREATE_CONV(conv_transpose_2d, _f16_f32, spv_suffix)
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+        if (device->coopmat2) {
+            CREATE_CONVS(_cm2)
+        } else
+#endif
+        if (conv2d_UNROLL) {
+            CREATE_CONVS(_unroll)
+        } else {
+            CREATE_CONVS( )
+        }
+#undef CREATE_CONV
+#undef CREATE_CONVS
+    }
+
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_conv2d_dw_whcn_f32, "conv2d_dw_whcn_f32", conv2d_dw_whcn_f32_len, conv2d_dw_whcn_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_conv2d_dw_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32, "conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32", conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32_len, conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_conv2d_dw_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_conv2d_dw_whcn_f16_f32, "conv2d_dw_whcn_f16_f32", conv2d_dw_whcn_f16_f32_len, conv2d_dw_whcn_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_conv2d_dw_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_conv2d_dw_cwhn_f16_f32, "conv2d_dw_cwhn_f16_f32", conv2d_dw_cwhn_f16_f32_len, conv2d_dw_cwhn_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_conv2d_dw_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+
+    for (uint32_t use_push = 0; use_push < 2; ++use_push) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_topk_moe_pipelines; ++i) {
+            ggml_vk_create_pipeline2(device, device->pipeline_topk_moe[i][use_push], "topk_moe_f32_"+std::to_string(i), topk_moe_f32_len, topk_moe_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_op_topk_moe_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 1u<<i, use_push}, 1, true, true, device->subgroup_size);
+        }
+    }
 
     for (auto &c : compiles) {
         c.wait();
     }
-    device->need_compiles = false;
 }
 
 static bool ggml_vk_khr_cooperative_matrix_support(const vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties& props, const vk::PhysicalDeviceDriverProperties& driver_props, vk_device_architecture arch);
+static uint32_t ggml_vk_intel_shader_core_count(const vk::PhysicalDevice& vkdev);
 
 static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_get_device(" << idx << ")");
@@ -2809,12 +4729,7 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         vk_device device = std::make_shared<vk_device_struct>();
         vk_instance.devices[idx] = device;
 
-#ifdef GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG
         device->memory_logger = std::unique_ptr<vk_memory_logger>(new vk_memory_logger());
-#endif
-        if (vk_perf_logger_enabled) {
-            device->perf_logger = std::unique_ptr<vk_perf_logger>(new vk_perf_logger());
-        }
 
         size_t dev_num = vk_instance.device_indices[idx];
 
@@ -2833,6 +4748,15 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         const char* GGML_VK_PREFER_HOST_MEMORY = getenv("GGML_VK_PREFER_HOST_MEMORY");
         device->prefer_host_memory = GGML_VK_PREFER_HOST_MEMORY != nullptr;
 
+        const char* GGML_VK_DISABLE_HOST_VISIBLE_VIDMEM = getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_HOST_VISIBLE_VIDMEM");
+        device->disable_host_visible_vidmem = GGML_VK_DISABLE_HOST_VISIBLE_VIDMEM != nullptr;
+
+        const char* GGML_VK_ALLOW_SYSMEM_FALLBACK = getenv("GGML_VK_ALLOW_SYSMEM_FALLBACK");
+        device->allow_sysmem_fallback = GGML_VK_ALLOW_SYSMEM_FALLBACK != nullptr;
+
+        const char* GGML_VK_DISABLE_GRAPH_OPTIMIZE = getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_GRAPH_OPTIMIZE");
+        device->disable_graph_optimize = GGML_VK_DISABLE_GRAPH_OPTIMIZE != nullptr;
+
         bool fp16_storage = false;
         bool fp16_compute = false;
         bool maintenance4_support = false;
@@ -2840,8 +4764,10 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         bool amd_shader_core_properties2 = false;
         bool pipeline_robustness = false;
         bool coopmat2_support = false;
+        bool pipeline_executable_properties_support = false;
         device->coopmat_support = false;
         device->integer_dot_product = false;
+        device->shader_64b_indexing = false;
         bool bfloat16_support = false;
 
         for (const auto& properties : ext_props) {
@@ -2881,6 +4807,17 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             } else if (strcmp("VK_KHR_shader_bfloat16", properties.extensionName) == 0 &&
                        !getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_BFLOAT16")) {
                 bfloat16_support = true;
+#endif
+            } else if (strcmp("VK_KHR_pipeline_executable_properties", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
+                pipeline_executable_properties_support = true;
+            } else if (strcmp("VK_EXT_memory_priority", properties.extensionName) == 0 &&
+                       getenv("GGML_VK_ENABLE_MEMORY_PRIORITY")) {
+                device->memory_priority = true;
+            } else if (strcmp("VK_EXT_external_memory_host", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
+                device->external_memory_host = true;
+#if defined(VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing)
+            } else if (strcmp("VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
+                device->shader_64b_indexing = true;
 #endif
             }
         }
@@ -2896,6 +4833,7 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties vk12_props;
         vk::PhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlPropertiesEXT subgroup_size_control_props;
         vk::PhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductPropertiesKHR shader_integer_dot_product_props;
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceExternalMemoryHostPropertiesEXT external_memory_host_props;
 
         props2.pNext = &props3;
         props3.pNext = &subgroup_props;
@@ -2935,25 +4873,56 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&shader_integer_dot_product_props;
         }
 
+        if (device->external_memory_host) {
+            last_struct->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&external_memory_host_props;
+            last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&external_memory_host_props;
+        }
+
         device->physical_device.getProperties2(&props2);
         device->properties = props2.properties;
         device->vendor_id = device->properties.vendorID;
         device->driver_id = driver_props.driverID;
 
+        if (device->driver_id == vk::DriverId::eMoltenvk) {
+            // Disable external_memory_host until https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/pull/2622
+            // is available in the Vulkan SDK.
+            device->external_memory_host = false;
+        }
+
+        // Implementing the async backend interfaces seems broken on older Intel HW,
+        // see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/17302.
+        device->support_async = (device->vendor_id != VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL ||
+                                 std::string(device->properties.deviceName.data()).find("(DG1)") == std::string::npos) &&
+                                getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_ASYNC") == nullptr;
+
+        if (!device->support_async) {
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vulkan: WARNING: Async execution disabled on certain Intel devices.\n");
+        }
+
         const char* GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE = getenv("GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE");
 
         if (GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE != nullptr) {
-            device->max_memory_allocation_size = std::stoul(GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE);
+            device->max_memory_allocation_size = std::stoull(GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE);
         } else if (maintenance4_support) {
             device->max_memory_allocation_size = std::min(props3.maxMemoryAllocationSize, props4.maxBufferSize);
         } else {
             device->max_memory_allocation_size = props3.maxMemoryAllocationSize;
         }
 
+        const char* GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = getenv("GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE");
+
+        if (GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE != nullptr) {
+            device->max_buffer_size = std::stoull(GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        } else if (maintenance4_support) {
+            device->max_buffer_size = props4.maxBufferSize;
+        } else {
+            device->max_buffer_size = device->max_memory_allocation_size;
+        }
+
         const char* GGML_VK_SUBALLOCATION_BLOCK_SIZE = getenv("GGML_VK_SUBALLOCATION_BLOCK_SIZE");
 
         if (GGML_VK_SUBALLOCATION_BLOCK_SIZE != nullptr) {
-            device->suballocation_block_size = std::stoul(GGML_VK_SUBALLOCATION_BLOCK_SIZE);
+            device->suballocation_block_size = std::stoull(GGML_VK_SUBALLOCATION_BLOCK_SIZE);
         } else {
             // Limit batching of allocations to 1GB by default to avoid fragmentation issues
             device->suballocation_block_size = 1024*1024*1024;
@@ -2961,21 +4930,39 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         device->suballocation_block_size = std::min(device->suballocation_block_size, device->max_memory_allocation_size);
 
         device->subgroup_size = subgroup_props.subgroupSize;
+        device->subgroup_size_log2 = uint32_t(log2f(float(device->subgroup_size)));
         device->uma = device->properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eIntegratedGpu;
         if (sm_builtins) {
             device->shader_core_count = sm_props.shaderSMCount;
         } else if (amd_shader_core_properties2) {
             device->shader_core_count = amd_shader_core_properties2_props.activeComputeUnitCount;
+        } else if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+            device->shader_core_count = ggml_vk_intel_shader_core_count(device->physical_device);
         } else {
             device->shader_core_count = 0;
         }
         device->float_controls_rte_fp16 = vk12_props.shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16;
 
-        device->subgroup_add = (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
-                               (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedOperations & vk::SubgroupFeatureFlagBits::eArithmetic);
-
+        device->subgroup_basic = (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
+                                 (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedOperations & vk::SubgroupFeatureFlagBits::eBasic);
+        device->subgroup_arithmetic = (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
+                                      (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedOperations & vk::SubgroupFeatureFlagBits::eArithmetic);
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+        // Workaround for subgroup arithmetic failing on MoltenVK with AMD GPUs (issue 15846)
+        if (device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD) {
+            device->subgroup_arithmetic = false;
+        }
+#endif
         device->subgroup_shuffle = (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
                                    (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedOperations & vk::SubgroupFeatureFlagBits::eShuffle);
+        device->subgroup_clustered = (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
+                                     (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedOperations & vk::SubgroupFeatureFlagBits::eClustered);
+
+        device->subgroup_ballot = (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
+                                  (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedOperations & vk::SubgroupFeatureFlagBits::eBallot);
+
+        device->subgroup_vote = (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
+                                (vk11_props.subgroupSupportedOperations & vk::SubgroupFeatureFlagBits::eVote);
 
         const bool force_disable_f16 = getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_F16") != nullptr;
 
@@ -2987,11 +4974,17 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
 
         device->integer_dot_product = device->integer_dot_product && shader_integer_dot_product_props.integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated;
 
+        device->min_imported_host_pointer_alignment = external_memory_host_props.minImportedHostPointerAlignment;
+
+        device->max_workgroup_size_log2 = uint32_t(log2f(float(device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations)));
+
         std::vector<vk::QueueFamilyProperties> queue_family_props = device->physical_device.getQueueFamilyProperties();
 
         // Try to find a non-graphics compute queue and transfer-focused queues
-        const uint32_t compute_queue_family_index = ggml_vk_find_queue_family_index(queue_family_props, vk::QueueFlagBits::eCompute, vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics, -1, 1);
-        const uint32_t transfer_queue_family_index = ggml_vk_find_queue_family_index(queue_family_props, vk::QueueFlagBits::eTransfer, vk::QueueFlagBits::eCompute | vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics, compute_queue_family_index, 1);
+        // On AMD, the graphics queue seems to be faster, so don't avoid it
+        const vk::QueueFlagBits graphics_flag = device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD ? (vk::QueueFlagBits)0 : vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics;
+        const uint32_t compute_queue_family_index = ggml_vk_find_queue_family_index(queue_family_props, vk::QueueFlagBits::eCompute, graphics_flag, -1, 1);
+        const uint32_t transfer_queue_family_index = ggml_vk_find_queue_family_index(queue_family_props, vk::QueueFlagBits::eTransfer, vk::QueueFlagBits::eCompute | graphics_flag, compute_queue_family_index, 1);
 
         const float priorities[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f };
         device->single_queue = compute_queue_family_index == transfer_queue_family_index && queue_family_props[compute_queue_family_index].queueCount == 1;
@@ -3037,6 +5030,16 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             device_extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_pipeline_robustness");
         }
 
+        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryPriorityFeaturesEXT memory_priority_features;
+        memory_priority_features.pNext = nullptr;
+        memory_priority_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_PRIORITY_FEATURES_EXT;
+        memory_priority_features.memoryPriority = VK_FALSE;
+        if (device->memory_priority) {
+            last_struct->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&memory_priority_features;
+            last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&memory_priority_features;
+            device_extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_memory_priority");
+        }
+
         VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeaturesEXT subgroup_size_control_features;
         subgroup_size_control_features.pNext = nullptr;
         subgroup_size_control_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_FEATURES_EXT;
@@ -3098,12 +5101,50 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             device_extensions.push_back("VK_KHR_shader_integer_dot_product");
         }
 
+        VkPhysicalDevicePipelineExecutablePropertiesFeaturesKHR pep_features {};
+        pep_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PIPELINE_EXECUTABLE_PROPERTIES_FEATURES_KHR;
+        if (pipeline_executable_properties_support) {
+            last_struct->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&pep_features;
+            last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&pep_features;
+            device_extensions.push_back("VK_KHR_pipeline_executable_properties");
+        }
+
+        if (device->external_memory_host) {
+            device_extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_external_memory_host");
+        }
+
+#if defined(VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing)
+        VkPhysicalDeviceShader64BitIndexingFeaturesEXT shader_64bit_indexing_features {};
+        shader_64bit_indexing_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_64_BIT_INDEXING_FEATURES_EXT;
+        if (device->shader_64b_indexing) {
+            last_struct->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&shader_64bit_indexing_features;
+            last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&shader_64bit_indexing_features;
+            device_extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing");
+        }
+#endif
+
         vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(device->physical_device, &device_features2);
 
+        device->pipeline_executable_properties_support = pipeline_executable_properties_support;
+
         device->fp16 = device->fp16 && vk12_features.shaderFloat16;
 
+#if defined(VK_KHR_shader_bfloat16)
+        device->bf16 = bfloat16_support && bfloat16_features.shaderBFloat16Type;
+#else
+        device->bf16 = false;
+#endif
+
         device->pipeline_robustness = pl_robustness_features.pipelineRobustness;
 
+        device->multi_add = vk12_props.shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16 &&
+                            device->properties.limits.maxPushConstantsSize >= sizeof(vk_op_multi_add_push_constants) &&
+                            getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_MULTI_ADD") == nullptr;
+
+        device->shader_int64 = device_features2.features.shaderInt64;
+        device->buffer_device_address = vk12_features.bufferDeviceAddress;
+        device->vulkan_memory_model = vk12_features.vulkanMemoryModel;
+
         if (device->subgroup_size_control) {
             device->subgroup_min_size = subgroup_size_control_props.minSubgroupSize;
             device->subgroup_max_size = subgroup_size_control_props.maxSubgroupSize;
@@ -3114,17 +5155,11 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
                 (subgroup_size_control_props.requiredSubgroupSizeStages & vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute) &&
                 subgroup_size_control_features.subgroupSizeControl;
 
-        if (device->subgroup_size_control) {
-            device->subgroup_require_full_support = subgroup_size_control_features.computeFullSubgroups;
-        }
+        device->subgroup_require_full_support = subgroup_size_control_features.computeFullSubgroups;
 
 #if defined(VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix)
         device->coopmat_support = device->coopmat_support && coopmat_features.cooperativeMatrix;
-
-        // coopmat1 fa shader currently assumes 32 invocations per subgroup
-        device->coopmat1_fa_support = device->coopmat_support && device->subgroup_require_full_support &&
-                                      device->subgroup_size_control && device->subgroup_min_size <= 32 &&
-                                      device->subgroup_max_size >= 32;
+        device->coopmat1_fa_support = device->coopmat_support && device->subgroup_require_full_support;
 #endif
 
         if (coopmat2_support) {
@@ -3350,11 +5385,23 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
             switch (device->vendor_id) {
 #ifndef GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS
             case VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD:
+                device->mul_mat_l[i]    = device->coopmat_support && device->driver_id != vk::DriverId::eAmdProprietary;
+                device->mul_mat_m[i]    = true;
+                device->mul_mat_s[i]    = true;
+                device->mul_mat_id_l[i] = false;
+                device->mul_mat_id_m[i] = true;
+                device->mul_mat_id_s[i] = true;
+                break;
             case VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL:
-                device->mul_mat_l[i] = false;
+                if (!device->coopmat_support || device->architecture != INTEL_XE2) {
+                    device->mul_mat_l[i] = false;
+                    device->mul_mat_id_l[i] = false;
+                } else {
+                    device->mul_mat_l[i] = true;  // if coopmat & XE2+, allow large matmul warptile config for Intel
+                    device->mul_mat_id_l[i] = true;
+                }
                 device->mul_mat_m[i] = true;
                 device->mul_mat_s[i] = true;
-                device->mul_mat_id_l[i] = false;
                 device->mul_mat_id_m[i] = true;
                 device->mul_mat_id_s[i] = true;
                 break;
@@ -3399,10 +5446,14 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         if (!device->single_queue) {
             const uint32_t transfer_queue_index = compute_queue_family_index == transfer_queue_family_index ? 1 : 0;
             ggml_vk_create_queue(device, device->transfer_queue, transfer_queue_family_index, transfer_queue_index, { vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer }, true);
+
+            device->async_use_transfer_queue = (getenv("GGML_VK_ASYNC_USE_TRANSFER_QUEUE") != nullptr);
         } else {
             // TODO: Use pointer or reference to avoid copy
             device->transfer_queue.copyFrom(device->compute_queue);
             device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool.init(device, &device->transfer_queue);
+
+            device->async_use_transfer_queue = false;
         }
 
         device->buffer_type = {
@@ -3415,6 +5466,21 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
 
         device->idx = idx;
 
+        device->disable_fusion = getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_FUSION") != nullptr;
+
+        device->add_rms_fusion = !device->disable_fusion &&
+                                 device->subgroup_arithmetic &&
+                                 device->vendor_id != VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
+        device->partials_binding_alignment =
+            std::max(4u, (uint32_t)device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
+
+        device->mmvq_mode = 0;
+        if (getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_MMVQ")) {
+            device->mmvq_mode = -1;
+        } else if (getenv("GGML_VK_FORCE_MMVQ")) {
+            device->mmvq_mode = 1;
+        }
+
         return device;
     }
 
@@ -3442,6 +5508,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
     bool coopmat_support = false;
     bool coopmat2_support = false;
     bool integer_dot_product = false;
+    bool bfloat16_support = false;
 
     for (auto properties : ext_props) {
         if (strcmp("VK_KHR_16bit_storage", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
@@ -3462,6 +5529,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
         } else if (strcmp("VK_KHR_shader_integer_dot_product", properties.extensionName) == 0 &&
                     !getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_INTEGER_DOT_PRODUCT")) {
             integer_dot_product = true;
+#endif
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+        } else if (strcmp("VK_KHR_shader_bfloat16", properties.extensionName) == 0 &&
+                    !getenv("GGML_VK_DISABLE_BFLOAT16")) {
+            bfloat16_support = true;
 #endif
         }
     }
@@ -3528,10 +5600,25 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
         last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&shader_integer_dot_product_features;
     }
 
+#if defined(VK_KHR_shader_bfloat16)
+    VkPhysicalDeviceShaderBfloat16FeaturesKHR bfloat16_features {};
+    bfloat16_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_BFLOAT16_FEATURES_KHR;
+    if (bfloat16_support) {
+        last_struct->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&bfloat16_features;
+        last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&bfloat16_features;
+    }
+#endif
+
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physical_device, &device_features2);
 
     fp16 = fp16 && vk12_features.shaderFloat16;
 
+#if defined(VK_KHR_shader_bfloat16)
+    bool bf16 = bfloat16_support && bfloat16_features.shaderBFloat16Type;
+#else
+    bool bf16 = false;
+#endif
+
     uint32_t default_subgroup_size = get_subgroup_size("", device_architecture);
     const size_t subgroup_size = (default_subgroup_size != 0) ? default_subgroup_size : subgroup_props.subgroupSize;
     const bool uma = props2.properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eIntegratedGpu;
@@ -3549,8 +5636,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
     std::string matrix_cores = coopmat2_support ? "NV_coopmat2" : coopmat_support ? "KHR_coopmat" : "none";
 
     std::string device_name = props2.properties.deviceName.data();
-    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vulkan: %zu = %s (%s) | uma: %d | fp16: %d | warp size: %zu | shared memory: %d | int dot: %d | matrix cores: %s\n",
-              idx, device_name.c_str(), driver_props.driverName.data(), uma, fp16, subgroup_size,
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vulkan: %zu = %s (%s) | uma: %d | fp16: %d | bf16: %d | warp size: %zu | shared memory: %d | int dot: %d | matrix cores: %s\n",
+              idx, device_name.c_str(), driver_props.driverName.data(), uma, fp16, bf16, subgroup_size,
               props2.properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize, integer_dot_product, matrix_cores.c_str());
 
     if (props2.properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eCpu) {
@@ -3558,8 +5645,15 @@ static void ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(size_t idx) {
     }
 }
 
-static bool ggml_vk_instance_validation_ext_available(const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties>& instance_extensions);
+static bool ggml_vk_instance_layer_settings_available();
 static bool ggml_vk_instance_portability_enumeration_ext_available(const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties>& instance_extensions);
+static bool ggml_vk_instance_debug_utils_ext_available(const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> & instance_extensions);
+static bool ggml_vk_device_is_supported(const vk::PhysicalDevice & vkdev);
+
+static DispatchLoaderDynamic ggml_vk_default_dispatcher_instance;
+DispatchLoaderDynamic & ggml_vk_default_dispatcher() {
+    return ggml_vk_default_dispatcher_instance;
+}
 
 static void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
     if (vk_instance_initialized) {
@@ -3567,64 +5661,95 @@ static void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
     }
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_instance_init()");
 
+    // See https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Hpp?tab=readme-ov-file#extensions--per-device-function-pointers-
+    ggml_vk_default_dispatcher_instance.init(vkGetInstanceProcAddr);
+
     uint32_t api_version = vk::enumerateInstanceVersion();
 
     if (api_version < VK_API_VERSION_1_2) {
         std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Error: Vulkan 1.2 required." << std::endl;
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        throw vk::SystemError(vk::Result::eErrorFeatureNotPresent, "Vulkan 1.2 required");
     }
 
     vk::ApplicationInfo app_info{ "ggml-vulkan", 1, nullptr, 0, api_version };
 
     const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> instance_extensions = vk::enumerateInstanceExtensionProperties();
-    const bool validation_ext = ggml_vk_instance_validation_ext_available(instance_extensions);
+    const bool layer_settings = ggml_vk_instance_layer_settings_available();
 #ifdef __APPLE__
     const bool portability_enumeration_ext = ggml_vk_instance_portability_enumeration_ext_available(instance_extensions);
 #endif
-
+    const bool debug_utils_ext = ggml_vk_instance_debug_utils_ext_available(instance_extensions) && getenv("GGML_VK_DEBUG_MARKERS") != nullptr;
     std::vector<const char*> layers;
 
-    if (validation_ext) {
+    if (layer_settings) {
         layers.push_back("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
     }
     std::vector<const char*> extensions;
-    if (validation_ext) {
-        extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_validation_features");
+    if (layer_settings) {
+        extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_layer_settings");
     }
 #ifdef __APPLE__
     if (portability_enumeration_ext) {
         extensions.push_back("VK_KHR_portability_enumeration");
     }
 #endif
-    vk::InstanceCreateInfo instance_create_info(vk::InstanceCreateFlags{}, &app_info, layers, extensions);
+    if (debug_utils_ext) {
+        extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_debug_utils");
+    }
+    VkBool32 enable_best_practice = layer_settings;
+    std::vector<vk::LayerSettingEXT> settings = {
+        {
+            "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation",
+            "validate_best_practices",
+            vk::LayerSettingTypeEXT::eBool32,
+            1,
+            &enable_best_practice
+        },
+    };
+    vk::LayerSettingsCreateInfoEXT layer_setting_info(settings);
+    vk::InstanceCreateInfo instance_create_info(vk::InstanceCreateFlags{}, &app_info, layers, extensions, &layer_setting_info);
 #ifdef __APPLE__
     if (portability_enumeration_ext) {
         instance_create_info.flags |= vk::InstanceCreateFlagBits::eEnumeratePortabilityKHR;
     }
 #endif
 
-    std::vector<vk::ValidationFeatureEnableEXT> features_enable;
-    vk::ValidationFeaturesEXT validation_features;
-
-    if (validation_ext) {
-        features_enable = { vk::ValidationFeatureEnableEXT::eBestPractices };
-        validation_features = {
-            features_enable,
-            {},
-        };
-        validation_features.setPNext(nullptr);
-        instance_create_info.setPNext(&validation_features);
-        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vulkan: Validation layers enabled\n");
-    }
     vk_instance.instance = vk::createInstance(instance_create_info);
     vk_instance_initialized = true;
 
+    if (debug_utils_ext) {
+        vk_instance.debug_utils_support              = true;
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT = (PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vk_instance.instance, "vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT");
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT = (PFN_vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vk_instance.instance, "vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT = (PFN_vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vk_instance.instance, "vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT = (PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vk_instance.instance, "vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT =   (PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vk_instance.instance, "vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT = (PFN_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(vk_instance.instance, "vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT");
+    }
+
     vk_perf_logger_enabled = getenv("GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER") != nullptr;
+    vk_perf_logger_concurrent = getenv("GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER_CONCURRENT") != nullptr;
+    vk_enable_sync_logger = getenv("GGML_VK_SYNC_LOGGER") != nullptr;
+    vk_memory_logger_enabled = getenv("GGML_VK_MEMORY_LOGGER") != nullptr;
+    const char* GGML_VK_PIPELINE_STATS = getenv("GGML_VK_PIPELINE_STATS");
+    if (GGML_VK_PIPELINE_STATS != nullptr) {
+        vk_pipeline_stats_filter = GGML_VK_PIPELINE_STATS;
+    }
+    const char* GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER_FREQUENCY = getenv("GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER_FREQUENCY");
+
+    if (GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER_FREQUENCY != nullptr) {
+        vk_perf_logger_frequency = std::stoul(GGML_VK_PERF_LOGGER_FREQUENCY);
+    }
+
+    // See https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Hpp?tab=readme-ov-file#extensions--per-device-function-pointers-
+    VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(vk_instance.instance);
+
+    std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice> devices = vk_instance.instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices();
 
     // Emulate behavior of CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES for Vulkan
     char * devices_env = getenv("GGML_VK_VISIBLE_DEVICES");
     if (devices_env != nullptr) {
-        size_t num_available_devices = vk_instance.instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices().size();
+        size_t num_available_devices = devices.size();
 
         std::string devices(devices_env);
         std::replace(devices.begin(), devices.end(), ',', ' ');
@@ -3639,8 +5764,6 @@ static void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
             vk_instance.device_indices.push_back(tmp);
         }
     } else {
-        std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice> devices = vk_instance.instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices();
-
         // If no vulkan devices are found, return early
         if (devices.empty()) {
             GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml_vulkan: No devices found.\n");
@@ -3656,17 +5779,32 @@ static void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
             new_driver.pNext = &new_id;
             devices[i].getProperties2(&new_props);
 
-            if (new_props.properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eDiscreteGpu) {
+            if ((new_props.properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eDiscreteGpu || new_props.properties.deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eIntegratedGpu) && ggml_vk_device_is_supported(devices[i])) {
                 // Check if there are two physical devices corresponding to the same GPU
+                // This handles the case where the same GPU appears with different drivers (e.g., RADV + AMDVLK on Linux),
+                // see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/7582 for original deduplication.
+                // MoltenVK on macOS may report the same UUID for distinct GPUs on multi-GPU cards,
+                // see https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/issues/2683. Skip when both old/new
+                // driver is MoltenVK
                 auto old_device = std::find_if(
                     vk_instance.device_indices.begin(),
                     vk_instance.device_indices.end(),
-                    [&devices, &new_id](const size_t k){
+                    [&devices, &new_id, &new_driver](const size_t k){
                         vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2 old_props;
+                        vk::PhysicalDeviceDriverProperties old_driver;
                         vk::PhysicalDeviceIDProperties old_id;
-                        old_props.pNext = &old_id;
+                        old_props.pNext = &old_driver;
+                        old_driver.pNext = &old_id;
                         devices[k].getProperties2(&old_props);
-                        return std::equal(std::begin(old_id.deviceUUID), std::end(old_id.deviceUUID), std::begin(new_id.deviceUUID));
+
+                        bool same_uuid = std::equal(std::begin(old_id.deviceUUID), std::end(old_id.deviceUUID), std::begin(new_id.deviceUUID));
+                        same_uuid = same_uuid || (
+                            old_id.deviceLUIDValid && new_id.deviceLUIDValid &&
+                            std::equal(std::begin(old_id.deviceLUID), std::end(old_id.deviceLUID), std::begin(new_id.deviceLUID))
+                        );
+                        bool both_molten_vk = (new_driver.driverID == vk::DriverId::eMoltenvk && old_driver.driverID == vk::DriverId::eMoltenvk);
+
+                        return same_uuid && !both_molten_vk;
                     }
                 );
                 if (old_device == vk_instance.device_indices.end()) {
@@ -3703,7 +5841,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
                             driver_priorities[vk::DriverId::eMesaNvk] = 2;
 #endif
                             break;
+                        case VK_VENDOR_ID_QUALCOMM:
+                            driver_priorities[vk::DriverId::eQualcommProprietary] = 1;
+                            driver_priorities[vk::DriverId::eMesaTurnip] = 2;
+                            break;
                     }
+                    driver_priorities[vk::DriverId::eMesaDozen] = 100;
 
                     if (driver_priorities.count(old_driver.driverID)) {
                         old_priority = driver_priorities[old_driver.driverID];
@@ -3726,7 +5869,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
             }
         }
 
-        // If no dedicated GPUs found, fall back to the first non-CPU device.
+        // If no GPUs found, fall back to the first non-CPU device.
         // If only CPU devices are available, return without devices.
         if (vk_instance.device_indices.empty()) {
             for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
@@ -3745,6 +5888,19 @@ static void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
     GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vulkan: Found %zu Vulkan devices:\n", vk_instance.device_indices.size());
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < vk_instance.device_indices.size(); i++) {
+        vk::PhysicalDevice vkdev = devices[vk_instance.device_indices[i]];
+        std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> extensionprops = vkdev.enumerateDeviceExtensionProperties();
+
+        bool membudget_supported = false;
+        for (const auto & ext : extensionprops) {
+            if (strcmp(VK_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_EXTENSION_NAME, ext.extensionName) == 0) {
+                membudget_supported = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        vk_instance.device_supports_membudget.push_back(membudget_supported);
+
         ggml_vk_print_gpu_info(i);
     }
 }
@@ -3764,12 +5920,26 @@ static void ggml_vk_init(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t idx) {
     ctx->prealloc_size_x = 0;
     ctx->prealloc_size_y = 0;
     ctx->prealloc_size_split_k = 0;
+    // Fixed size of 1KB, for deterministic behavior
+    ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials = 1024;
 
     ctx->fence = ctx->device->device.createFence({});
     ctx->almost_ready_fence = ctx->device->device.createFence({});
 
     ctx->compute_cmd_pool.init(ctx->device, &ctx->device->compute_queue);
-    ctx->transfer_cmd_pool.init(ctx->device, &ctx->device->transfer_queue);
+    if (ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue) {
+        vk::SemaphoreTypeCreateInfo tci{ vk::SemaphoreType::eTimeline, 0 };
+        vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo ci{};
+        ci.setPNext(&tci);
+        ctx->transfer_semaphore.s = ctx->device->device.createSemaphore(ci);
+        ctx->transfer_semaphore.value = 0;
+
+        ctx->transfer_cmd_pool.init(ctx->device, &ctx->device->transfer_queue);
+    }
+
+    if (vk_perf_logger_enabled) {
+        ctx->perf_logger = std::unique_ptr<vk_perf_logger>(new vk_perf_logger());
+    }
 
 #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS
     const char* skip_checks = getenv("GGML_VULKAN_SKIP_CHECKS");
@@ -3802,6 +5972,7 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_to_fp16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
             break;
         default:
             return nullptr;
@@ -3839,9 +6010,9 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_conte
 
     // MMQ
     if (src1_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) {
-        vk_matmul_pipeline pipelines = (ctx->device->fp16 && prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) ? ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[src0_type].f16acc : ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[src0_type].f32acc;
+        vk_matmul_pipeline pipelines = ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_q8_1[src0_type].f32acc;
 
-        if (pipelines->s == nullptr && pipelines->m == nullptr && pipelines->l == nullptr) {
+        if (pipelines->is_empty()) {
             return nullptr;
         }
 
@@ -3872,6 +6043,7 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_conte
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
             break;
         default:
             return nullptr;
@@ -3887,11 +6059,32 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_conte
     return (ctx->device->fp16 && prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) ? ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[src0_type].f16acc : ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[src0_type].f32acc;
 }
 
-static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type a_type, ggml_type b_type, uint32_t num_cols) {
+static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type a_type, ggml_type b_type, uint32_t num_cols, uint32_t m, uint32_t k) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec()");
-    GGML_ASSERT(b_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || b_type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || b_type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || b_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
     GGML_ASSERT(num_cols >= 1 && num_cols <= mul_mat_vec_max_cols);
 
+    if (b_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) {
+        switch (a_type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+                break;
+            default:
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
     switch (a_type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
@@ -3915,12 +6108,37 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(ggml_backend_vk_context *
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
             break;
         default:
             return nullptr;
     }
 
-    return b_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ? ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[a_type][num_cols-1] : ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[a_type][num_cols-1];
+    // heuristic to choose workgroup size
+    uint32_t dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP;
+    if ((ctx->device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA && ctx->device->architecture != vk_device_architecture::NVIDIA_PRE_TURING) || ctx->device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+        // Prefer larger workgroups when M is small, to spread the work out more
+        // and keep more SMs busy.
+        // q6_k seems to prefer small workgroup size even for "medium" values of M.
+        if (a_type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
+            if (m < 4096 && k >= 1024) {
+                dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_LARGE;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (m <= 8192 && k >= 1024) {
+                dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_LARGE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (b_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) {
+        if (ctx->device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+            dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP;
+        }
+        return ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_q8_1_f32[dmmv_wg][a_type][num_cols-1];
+    }
+
+    return b_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ? ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[dmmv_wg][a_type][num_cols-1] : ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[dmmv_wg][a_type][num_cols-1];
 }
 
 static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type src0_type, ggml_type src1_type, ggml_prec prec) {
@@ -3947,6 +6165,17 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_co
         }
     }
 
+    // MMQ
+    if (src1_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) {
+        vk_matmul_pipeline pipelines = ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id_q8_1[src0_type].f32acc;
+
+        if (pipelines->is_empty()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return pipelines;
+    }
+
     GGML_ASSERT(src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || (ctx->device->coopmat2 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F16));
 
     switch (src0_type) {
@@ -3969,19 +6198,52 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_co
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
             break;
         default:
             return nullptr;
     }
 
-    return ctx->device->fp16 ? ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[src0_type].f16acc : ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[src0_type].f32acc;
-}
+    vk_matmul_pipeline2& mmp = ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[src0_type];
+    // XXX TODO 'prec' is not actually allowed in mul_mat_id.
+    bool prefer_fp16acc = ctx->device->fp16 /*&& prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT*/;
+    bool support_fp16acc = !mmp.f16acc->is_empty();
+    bool support_fp32acc = !mmp.f32acc->is_empty();
 
-static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type a_type, ggml_type b_type) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec()");
-    GGML_ASSERT(b_type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    if (support_fp16acc && (prefer_fp16acc || !support_fp32acc)) {
+        return mmp.f16acc;
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(support_fp32acc);
+        return mmp.f32acc;
+    }
+}
 
-    switch (a_type) {
+static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type a_type, ggml_type b_type, uint32_t m, uint32_t k) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id()");
+    GGML_ASSERT(b_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || b_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
+
+    if (b_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) {
+        switch (a_type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+                break;
+            default:
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (a_type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
@@ -4004,84 +6266,44 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id(ggml_backend_vk_context
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
             break;
         default:
             return nullptr;
     }
 
-    return ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[a_type];
-}
-
-static vk_buffer ggml_vk_pool_malloc(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t size) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_pool_malloc(" << size << ")");
-    VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_pool_malloc");
-
-    int best_i = -1;
-    size_t best_size = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(); //smallest unused buffer that fits our needs
-    int worst_i = -1;
-    size_t worst_size = 0; //largest unused buffer seen so far
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VK_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-        vk_buffer &b = ctx->buffer_pool[i];
-        if (b != nullptr && b->size >= size && b->size < best_size) {
-            best_i = i;
-            best_size = b->size;
-        }
-        if (b != nullptr && b->size > worst_size) {
-            worst_i = i;
-            worst_size = b->size;
-        }
-    }
-    if(best_i != -1) {
-        //found the smallest buffer that fits our needs
-        vk_buffer b = ctx->buffer_pool[best_i];
-        ctx->buffer_pool[best_i].reset();
-        return b;
-    }
-    if(worst_i != -1) {
-        //no buffer that fits our needs, resize largest one to save memory
-        vk_buffer& b = ctx->buffer_pool[worst_i];
-        ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(b);
-    }
-
-    return ggml_vk_create_buffer_device(ctx->device, size);
-}
-
-static void ggml_vk_pool_free(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_buffer& buffer) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_pool_free(" << buffer->size << ")");
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VK_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-        vk_buffer& b = ctx->buffer_pool[i];
-        if (b == nullptr) {
-            b = buffer;
-            return;
+    // heuristic to choose workgroup size
+    uint32_t dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP;
+    if ((ctx->device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA && ctx->device->architecture != vk_device_architecture::NVIDIA_PRE_TURING) || ctx->device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+        // Prefer larger workgroups when M is small, to spread the work out more
+        // and keep more SMs busy.
+        // q6_k seems to prefer small workgroup size even for "medium" values of M.
+        if (a_type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
+            if (m < 4096 && k >= 1024) {
+                dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_LARGE;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (m <= 8192 && k >= 1024) {
+                dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_LARGE;
+            }
         }
     }
-    std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: WARNING: vk buffer pool full, increase MAX_VK_BUFFERS" << std::endl;
-    ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(buffer);
-}
 
-// Returns an available temporary buffer that may only be used temporarily, it will be reused
-static vk_buffer ggml_vk_create_buffer_temp(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t size) {
-    // Try to find existing temp buffer with enough capacity
-    for (auto& buffer : ctx->gc.temp_buffers) {
-        if (buffer->size >= size) {
-            return buffer;
+    if (b_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) {
+        if (ctx->device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+            dmmv_wg = DMMV_WG_SIZE_SUBGROUP;
         }
+        return ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_q8_1_f32[dmmv_wg][a_type];
     }
 
-    VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_create_buffer_temp(" << size << ")");
-
-    // Otherwise create new buffer
-    vk_buffer buf = ggml_vk_pool_malloc(ctx, size);
-    ctx->gc.temp_buffers.push_back(buf);
-
-    return buf;
+    return ctx->device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[dmmv_wg][a_type];
 }
 
 static void * ggml_vk_host_malloc(vk_device& device, size_t size) {
     VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_host_malloc(" << size << ")");
     vk_buffer buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size,
-        vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCached,
-        vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent);
+        {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCached,
+         vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent});
 
     if(!(buf->memory_property_flags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: failed to allocate %.2f MB of pinned memory\n",
@@ -4091,6 +6313,7 @@ static void * ggml_vk_host_malloc(vk_device& device, size_t size) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(device->mutex);
     device->pinned_memory.push_back(std::make_tuple(buf->ptr, size, buf));
 
     return buf->ptr;
@@ -4101,6 +6324,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_host_free(vk_device& device, void* ptr) {
         return;
     }
     VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_host_free(" << ptr << ")");
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(device->mutex);
+
     vk_buffer buf;
     size_t index;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < device->pinned_memory.size(); i++) {
@@ -4122,7 +6347,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_host_free(vk_device& device, void* ptr) {
     device->pinned_memory.erase(device->pinned_memory.begin() + index);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_host_get(vk_device& device, const void * ptr, vk_buffer& buf, size_t& buf_offset) {
+static void ggml_vk_host_get(const vk_device& device, const void * ptr, vk_buffer& buf, size_t& buf_offset) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(device->mutex);
     buf = nullptr;
     buf_offset = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < device->pinned_memory.size(); i++) {
@@ -4136,13 +6362,50 @@ static void ggml_vk_host_get(vk_device& device, const void * ptr, vk_buffer& buf
     }
 }
 
+static vk_subbuffer ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(
+    const ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool allow_misalign = false) {
+
+    vk_buffer buffer = nullptr;
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    if (ctx->device->uma) {
+        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, tensor->data, buffer, offset);
+    }
+    if (!buffer) {
+        auto buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)tensor->buffer->context;
+        buffer = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+        offset = vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs;
+    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer != nullptr);
+
+    size_t size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+
+    size_t misalign_bytes = offset & (ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
+    // The shader must support misaligned offsets when indexing into the buffer
+    GGML_ASSERT(allow_misalign || misalign_bytes == 0);
+    offset &= ~misalign_bytes;
+    size += misalign_bytes;
+
+    return vk_subbuffer{buffer, offset, size};
+}
+
+// Get a command buffer from pool. Create a new one if no reusable buffer is available
+static vk_command_buffer* ggml_vk_get_or_create_cmd_buffer(vk_device& device, vk_command_pool& pool) {
+    for (auto& cmd_buffer : pool.cmd_buffers) {
+        if (!cmd_buffer.in_use) {
+            cmd_buffer.in_use = true;
+            return &cmd_buffer;
+        }
+    }
+    return ggml_vk_create_cmd_buffer(device, pool);
+}
+
 static vk_submission ggml_vk_begin_submission(vk_device& device, vk_command_pool& p, bool one_time = true) {
     vk_submission s;
-    s.buffer = ggml_vk_create_cmd_buffer(device, p);
+    s.buffer = ggml_vk_get_or_create_cmd_buffer(device, p);
     if (one_time) {
-        s.buffer.begin({ vk::CommandBufferUsageFlagBits::eOneTimeSubmit });
+        s.buffer->buf.begin({ vk::CommandBufferUsageFlagBits::eOneTimeSubmit });
     } else {
-        s.buffer.begin({ vk::CommandBufferUsageFlags{} });
+        s.buffer->buf.begin({ vk::CommandBufferUsageFlags{} });
     }
 
     return s;
@@ -4183,25 +6446,30 @@ static void ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context* ctx, vk_context&
         std::cerr << "(" << buffer.buffer << ", " << buffer.offset << ", " << buffer.range << "), ";
     }
     std::cerr << "}, (" << wg0 << "," << wg1 << "," << wg2 << "))");
+    GGML_ASSERT(wg0 <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[0] &&
+                wg1 <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1] &&
+                wg2 <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]);
     GGML_ASSERT(ctx->descriptor_set_idx < ctx->descriptor_sets.size());
     GGML_ASSERT(descriptor_buffer_infos.size() <= MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT);
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipeline->parameter_count == descriptor_buffer_infos.size());
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipeline->push_constant_size == push_constant_size(push_constants));
 
     vk::DescriptorSet& descriptor_set = ctx->descriptor_sets[ctx->descriptor_set_idx++];
     vk::WriteDescriptorSet write_descriptor_set{ descriptor_set, 0, 0, pipeline->parameter_count, vk::DescriptorType::eStorageBuffer, nullptr, descriptor_buffer_infos.begin() };
     ctx->device->device.updateDescriptorSets({ write_descriptor_set }, {});
 
-    subctx->s->buffer.pushConstants(pipeline->layout, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute, 0, push_constant_size(push_constants), push_constant_data(push_constants));
-    subctx->s->buffer.bindPipeline(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eCompute, pipeline->pipeline);
-    subctx->s->buffer.bindDescriptorSets(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eCompute,
+    subctx->s->buffer->buf.pushConstants(pipeline->layout, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute, 0, push_constant_size(push_constants), push_constant_data(push_constants));
+    subctx->s->buffer->buf.bindPipeline(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eCompute, pipeline->pipeline);
+    subctx->s->buffer->buf.bindDescriptorSets(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eCompute,
                                 pipeline->layout,
                                 0,
                                 { descriptor_set },
                                 {});
-    subctx->s->buffer.dispatch(wg0, wg1, wg2);
+    subctx->s->buffer->buf.dispatch(wg0, wg1, wg2);
 }
 
 static void ggml_vk_end_submission(vk_submission& s, std::vector<vk_semaphore> wait_semaphores, std::vector<vk_semaphore> signal_semaphores) {
-    s.buffer.end();
+    s.buffer->buf.end();
 
     s.wait_semaphores = std::move(wait_semaphores);
     s.signal_semaphores = std::move(signal_semaphores);
@@ -4213,7 +6481,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_ctx_end(vk_context& ctx) {
         return;
     }
 
-    ctx->s->buffer.end();
+    ctx->s->buffer->buf.end();
     ctx->s = nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -4227,6 +6495,47 @@ static void ggml_vk_ctx_begin(vk_device& device, vk_context& subctx) {
     subctx->s = subctx->seqs[subctx->seqs.size() - 1].data();
 }
 
+static vk_context ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
+    if (!ctx->compute_ctx.expired()) {
+        return ctx->compute_ctx.lock();
+    }
+
+    vk_context result = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->compute_cmd_pool);
+
+    ctx->compute_ctx = result;
+    ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, result);
+
+    if (ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue && ctx->transfer_semaphore_last_submitted < ctx->transfer_semaphore.value) {
+        result->s->wait_semaphores.push_back(ctx->transfer_semaphore);
+        ctx->transfer_semaphore_last_submitted = ctx->transfer_semaphore.value;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Submit any pending transfer queue work and signal the transfer semaphore.
+// The next compute context created via ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx will wait on this semaphore.
+// Returns true if work was submitted.
+static bool ggml_vk_submit_transfer_ctx(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
+    if (!ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue || ctx->transfer_ctx.expired()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    vk_context cpy_ctx = ctx->transfer_ctx.lock();
+    ggml_vk_ctx_end(cpy_ctx);
+
+    for (auto& cpy : cpy_ctx->in_memcpys) {
+        memcpy(cpy.dst, cpy.src, cpy.n);
+    }
+
+    ctx->transfer_semaphore.value++;
+    cpy_ctx->seqs.back().back().signal_semaphores.push_back(ctx->transfer_semaphore);
+
+    ggml_vk_submit(cpy_ctx, {});
+    ctx->transfer_ctx.reset();
+    return true;
+}
+
 static size_t ggml_vk_align_size(size_t width, size_t align) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_align_size(" << width << ", " << align << ")");
     return CEIL_DIV(width, align) * align;
@@ -4240,6 +6549,14 @@ static void deferred_memcpy(void * dst, const void * src, size_t size, std::vect
     }
 }
 
+static void deferred_memset(void * dst, uint32_t val, size_t size, std::vector<vk_staging_memset>* memsets = nullptr) {
+    if (memsets == nullptr) {
+        memset(dst, val, size);
+    } else {
+        memsets->emplace_back(dst, val, size);
+    }
+}
+
 static void ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(vk_device& device, size_t size) {
     if (device->sync_staging == nullptr || device->sync_staging->size < size) {
         VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(" << size << ")");
@@ -4250,6 +6567,16 @@ static void ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(vk_device& device, size_t size) {
     }
 }
 
+static void ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t size) {
+    if (ctx->sync_staging == nullptr || ctx->sync_staging->size < size) {
+        VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(" << size << ")");
+        ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->sync_staging);
+        ctx->sync_staging = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, size,
+            vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCached,
+            vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent);
+    }
+}
+
 static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_nc_async(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, const ggml_tensor * tensor, bool sync_staging = false) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_write_nc_async(" << tensor << ")");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_contiguous(tensor));
@@ -4307,8 +6634,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_nc_async(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_cont
             }
         }
 
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        subctx->s->buffer.copyBuffer(buf->buffer, dst->buffer, slices);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        subctx->s->buffer->buf.copyBuffer(buf->buffer, dst->buffer, slices);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4322,8 +6649,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_nc_async(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_cont
     ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(ctx->device, copy_size);
     VkBufferCopy buf_copy{ 0, offset, copy_size };
 
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    vkCmdCopyBuffer(subctx->s->buffer, (VkBuffer)staging->buffer, (VkBuffer)dst->buffer, 1, &buf_copy);
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+    vkCmdCopyBuffer(subctx->s->buffer->buf, (VkBuffer)staging->buffer, (VkBuffer)dst->buffer, 1, &buf_copy);
 
     for (uint64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; i3++) {
         for (uint64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; i2++) {
@@ -4347,13 +6674,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_nc_async(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_cont
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, const void * src, size_t spitch, size_t width, size_t height, bool sync_staging = false) {
+static bool ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, const void * src, size_t spitch, size_t width, size_t height, bool sync_staging = false) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(" << width << ", " << height << ")");
-    // Buffer is already mapped
-    if(dst->memory_property_flags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible) {
-        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: buffer_write_async dst buffer is host_visible. Use synchronous write." << std::endl;
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-    }
     // Check if src is pinned memory
     vk_buffer buf = nullptr;
     size_t buf_offset = 0;
@@ -4376,14 +6698,15 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& dst, siz
             }
         }
 
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        subctx->s->buffer.copyBuffer(buf->buffer, dst->buffer, slices);
-        return;
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(nullptr, subctx);
+        subctx->s->buffer->buf.copyBuffer(buf->buffer, dst->buffer, slices);
+        return true;
     }
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("STAGING");
 
     if (!sync_staging) {
-        GGML_ABORT("Asynchronous write to non-pinned memory not supported");
+        // copy was not handled caller needs to fall back
+        return false;
     }
 
     // Staging buffer required
@@ -4397,8 +6720,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& dst, siz
         offset,
         copy_size};
 
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    vkCmdCopyBuffer(subctx->s->buffer, (VkBuffer)staging_buffer->buffer, (VkBuffer)dst->buffer, 1, &buf_copy);
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(nullptr, subctx);
+    vkCmdCopyBuffer(subctx->s->buffer->buf, (VkBuffer)staging_buffer->buffer, (VkBuffer)dst->buffer, 1, &buf_copy);
 
     if (width == spitch) {
         deferred_memcpy((uint8_t *)staging_buffer->ptr, src, width * height, &subctx->in_memcpys);
@@ -4407,9 +6730,10 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& dst, siz
             deferred_memcpy((uint8_t *)staging_buffer->ptr + i * width, (const uint8_t *) src + i * spitch, width, &subctx->in_memcpys);
         }
     }
+    return true;
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, const void * src, size_t size, bool sync_staging = false) {
+static bool ggml_vk_buffer_write_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, const void * src, size_t size, bool sync_staging = false) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_write_async(" << size << ")");
     return ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(subctx, dst, offset, src, size, size, 1, sync_staging);
 }
@@ -4424,17 +6748,22 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d(vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, const void *
             memcpy((uint8_t *)dst->ptr + offset + i * width, (const uint8_t *) src + i * spitch, width);
         }
     } else {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(dst->device->mutex);
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(dst->device->mutex);
 
         vk_context subctx = ggml_vk_create_temporary_context(dst->device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool);
         ggml_vk_ctx_begin(dst->device, subctx);
-        ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(subctx, dst, offset, src, spitch, width, height, true);
+        bool ret = ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d_async(subctx, dst, offset, src, spitch, width, height, true);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ret);
         ggml_vk_ctx_end(subctx);
 
         for (auto& cpy : subctx->in_memcpys) {
             memcpy(cpy.dst, cpy.src, cpy.n);
         }
 
+        for (auto& mset : subctx->memsets) {
+            memset(mset.dst, mset.val, mset.n);
+        }
+
         ggml_vk_submit(subctx, dst->device->fence);
         VK_CHECK(dst->device->device.waitForFences({ dst->device->fence }, true, UINT64_MAX), "vk_buffer_write_2d waitForFences");
         dst->device->device.resetFences({ dst->device->fence });
@@ -4447,7 +6776,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_write(vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, const void * src
     ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d(dst, offset, src, 0, size, 1);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_buffer_read_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& src, size_t offset, void * dst, size_t spitch, size_t dpitch, size_t width, size_t height, bool sync_staging = false) {
+static bool ggml_vk_buffer_read_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& src, size_t offset, void * dst, size_t spitch, size_t dpitch, size_t width, size_t height, bool sync_staging = false) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_read_2d_async(offset=" << offset << ", width=" << width << ", height=" << height << ")");
     GGML_ASSERT(width > 0);
     GGML_ASSERT(height > 0);
@@ -4477,15 +6806,16 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_read_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& src, size
 
     if (buf != nullptr) {
         // Memory is pinned, use as staging buffer
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        subctx->s->buffer.copyBuffer(src->buffer, buf->buffer, slices);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(nullptr, subctx);
+        subctx->s->buffer->buf.copyBuffer(src->buffer, buf->buffer, slices);
 
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("STAGING");
 
     if (!sync_staging) {
-        GGML_ABORT("Asynchronous read from non-pinned memory not supported");
+        // copy was not handled caller needs to fall back
+        return false;
     }
 
     // Fall back to staging buffer
@@ -4494,13 +6824,14 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_read_2d_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& src, size
 
     vk_buffer& staging_buffer = src->device->sync_staging;
 
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    subctx->s->buffer.copyBuffer(src->buffer, staging_buffer->buffer, slices);
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(nullptr, subctx);
+    subctx->s->buffer->buf.copyBuffer(src->buffer, staging_buffer->buffer, slices);
 
     deferred_memcpy(dst, staging_buffer->ptr, copy_size, &subctx->out_memcpys);
+    return true;
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_buffer_read_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& src, size_t offset, void * dst, size_t size, bool sync_staging = false) {
+static bool ggml_vk_buffer_read_async(vk_context subctx, vk_buffer& src, size_t offset, void * dst, size_t size, bool sync_staging = false) {
     return ggml_vk_buffer_read_2d_async(subctx, src, offset, dst, size, size, size, 1, sync_staging);
 }
 
@@ -4515,11 +6846,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_read(vk_buffer& src, size_t offset, void * dst, size_
 
         memcpy(dst, (uint8_t *) src->ptr + offset, size);
     } else {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(src->device->mutex);
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(src->device->mutex);
 
         vk_context subctx = ggml_vk_create_temporary_context(src->device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool);
         ggml_vk_ctx_begin(src->device, subctx);
-        ggml_vk_buffer_read_async(subctx, src, offset, dst, size, true);
+        bool ret = ggml_vk_buffer_read_async(subctx, src, offset, dst, size, true);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ret);
         ggml_vk_ctx_end(subctx);
 
         ggml_vk_submit(subctx, src->device->fence);
@@ -4540,12 +6872,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_copy_async(vk_context& ctx, vk_buffer& dst, size_t ds
 
     VkBufferCopy bc{ src_offset, dst_offset, size };
 
-    vkCmdCopyBuffer(ctx->s->buffer, (VkBuffer)src->buffer, (VkBuffer)dst->buffer, 1, &bc);
+    vkCmdCopyBuffer(ctx->s->buffer->buf, (VkBuffer)src->buffer, (VkBuffer)dst->buffer, 1, &bc);
 }
 
 static void ggml_vk_buffer_copy(vk_buffer& dst, size_t dst_offset, vk_buffer& src, size_t src_offset, size_t size) {
     if (src->device == dst->device) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(src->device->mutex);
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(src->device->mutex);
         VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_copy(SINGLE_DEVICE, " << size << ")");
         // Copy within the device
         vk_context subctx = ggml_vk_create_temporary_context(src->device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool);
@@ -4560,30 +6892,40 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_copy(vk_buffer& dst, size_t dst_offset, vk_buffer& sr
         VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_copy(MULTI_DEVICE, " << size << ")");
         // Copy device to device
         ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(src->device, size);
-        ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(dst->device, size);
 
         // Copy to src staging buffer
         ggml_vk_buffer_copy(src->device->sync_staging, 0, src, src_offset, size);
-        // memcpy to dst staging buffer
-        memcpy(dst->device->sync_staging->ptr, src->device->sync_staging->ptr, size);
         // Copy to dst buffer
-        ggml_vk_buffer_copy(dst, dst_offset, dst->device->sync_staging, 0, size);
+        ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d(dst, dst_offset, src->device->sync_staging->ptr, 0, size, 1);
     }
 }
 
 static void ggml_vk_buffer_memset_async(vk_context& ctx, vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, uint32_t c, size_t size) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_memset_async(" << offset << ", " << c << ", " << size << ")");
 
-    ctx->s->buffer.fillBuffer(dst->buffer, offset, size, c);
+    if (dst->memory_property_flags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible &&
+        dst->device->uma) {
+        deferred_memset((uint8_t*)dst->ptr + offset, c, size, &ctx->memsets);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to GPU fillBuffer for non-UMA or non-host-visible buffers
+    ctx->s->buffer->buf.fillBuffer(dst->buffer, offset, size, c);
 }
 
 static void ggml_vk_buffer_memset(vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, uint32_t c, size_t size) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_buffer_memset(" << offset << ", " << c << ", " << size << ")");
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(dst->device->mutex);
+    if (dst->memory_property_flags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible &&
+        dst->device->uma) {
+        memset((uint8_t*)dst->ptr + offset, c, size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(dst->device->mutex);
     vk_context subctx = ggml_vk_create_temporary_context(dst->device->transfer_queue.cmd_pool);
     ggml_vk_ctx_begin(dst->device, subctx);
-    subctx->s->buffer.fillBuffer(dst->buffer, offset, size, c);
+    subctx->s->buffer->buf.fillBuffer(dst->buffer, offset, size, c);
     ggml_vk_ctx_end(subctx);
 
     ggml_vk_submit(subctx, dst->device->fence);
@@ -4592,26 +6934,41 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_memset(vk_buffer& dst, size_t offset, uint32_t c, siz
     ggml_vk_queue_command_pools_cleanup(dst->device);
 }
 
-static uint32_t ggml_vk_guess_split_k(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, int m, int n, int k, const vk_pipeline& pipeline) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_guess_split_k(" << m << ", " << n << ", " << k << ")");
+static uint32_t ggml_vk_guess_split_k(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, uint32_t m, uint32_t n, uint32_t k, bool disable_split_k, const vk_pipeline& pipeline) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_guess_split_k(" << m << ", " << n << ", " << k << ", " << disable_split_k << ")");
+
+    if (disable_split_k) {
+        return 1;
+    }
 
     uint32_t split_k = 1;
-    if (ctx->device->shader_core_count != 0 && m >= (int)pipeline->wg_denoms[0] && n >= (int)pipeline->wg_denoms[1]) {
+    if (ctx->device->shader_core_count != 0 && m >= pipeline->wg_denoms[0] && n >= pipeline->wg_denoms[1]) {
         // If k is 'large' and the SMs will fill less than halfway, use split_k.
         uint32_t m_tiles = CEIL_DIV(m, pipeline->wg_denoms[0]);
         uint32_t n_tiles = CEIL_DIV(n, pipeline->wg_denoms[1]);
-        if (k >= 2048 && m_tiles * n_tiles < ctx->device->shader_core_count / 2) {
-            split_k = ctx->device->shader_core_count / (m_tiles * n_tiles);
-            // Clamp to 2 or 4
-            split_k = std::min(split_k, 4u);
-            if (split_k == 3) {
-                split_k = 2;
-            }
-            if (ctx->device->coopmat2) {
-                // coopmat2 shader expects splits to be aligned to 256
-                while (split_k > 1 && ((k / split_k) % 256) != 0) {
-                    split_k /= 2;
+
+        if (k >= 2048) {
+            if (m_tiles * n_tiles <= ctx->device->shader_core_count / 2) {
+                split_k = ctx->device->shader_core_count / (m_tiles * n_tiles);
+            } else if (m_tiles * n_tiles <= ctx->device->shader_core_count * 2 / 3) {
+                split_k = 3;
+            }
+            // Cap the split at 8x. Unless k is huge this is a lot of overhead.
+            split_k = std::min(split_k, 8u);
+
+            // ggml_vk_matmul will align the splits to be a multiple of 256.
+            // If this rounded up size would cause the last split to be empty,
+            // then reduce the split count.
+            while (true) {
+                if (split_k == 1) {
+                    break;
                 }
+                uint32_t k_split = CEIL_DIV(k, split_k);
+                k_split = ROUNDUP_POW2(k_split, 256);
+                if (k_split * (split_k - 1) < k) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                split_k--;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4623,9 +6980,22 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_guess_matmul_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx,
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_guess_matmul_pipeline(" << m << ", " << n << ", " << aligned << ", " << ggml_type_name(src0_type) << ", " << ggml_type_name(src1_type) << ")");
 
     if (ctx->device->coopmat2) {
+        const uint32_t shader_core_count = ctx->device->shader_core_count;
+        const uint32_t tiles_l = CEIL_DIV(m, mmp->a_l->wg_denoms[0]) * CEIL_DIV(n, mmp->a_l->wg_denoms[1]);
+        const uint32_t tiles_m = CEIL_DIV(m, mmp->a_m->wg_denoms[0]) * CEIL_DIV(n, mmp->a_m->wg_denoms[1]);
+
         // Use large shader when the N dimension is greater than the medium shader's tile size
         uint32_t crossover_large = mmp->m->wg_denoms[1];
-        if ((ctx->device->mul_mat_l[src0_type] && (n > crossover_large)) || (!ctx->device->mul_mat_m[src0_type] && !ctx->device->mul_mat_s[src0_type])) {
+
+        // Prefer large over medium if either:
+        // - medium or large tiles would overfill the GPU
+        // - large tiles with a split_k==3 fits in the GPU and medium tiles with split_k==2 does not
+        //   (medium with split_k==2 is probably better if it fits - more workgroups running and less split_k overhead)
+        bool prefer_large = tiles_m > shader_core_count || tiles_l > shader_core_count ||
+                            // split_k==3 with large tiles likely better than medium tiles with no split_k.
+                            (tiles_l <= shader_core_count / 3 && tiles_m > shader_core_count / 2);
+
+        if ((ctx->device->mul_mat_l[src0_type] && (n > crossover_large && prefer_large)) || (!ctx->device->mul_mat_m[src0_type] && !ctx->device->mul_mat_s[src0_type])) {
             return aligned ? mmp->a_l : mmp->l;
         }
         // Use medium shader when the N dimension is greater than the small shader's tile size
@@ -4660,21 +7030,45 @@ static void ggml_vk_matmul(
         uint32_t split_k, uint32_t batch, uint32_t ne02, uint32_t ne12, uint32_t broadcast2, uint32_t broadcast3,
         uint32_t padded_n) {
         VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_matmul(a: (" << a.buffer->buffer << ", " << a.offset << ", " << a.size << "), b: (" << b.buffer->buffer << ", " << b.offset << ", " << b.size << "), d: (" << d.buffer->buffer << ", " << d.offset << ", " << d.size << "), split_k: (" << (split_k_buffer.buffer != nullptr ? split_k_buffer.buffer->buffer : VK_NULL_HANDLE) << ", " << split_k_buffer.offset << ", " << split_k_buffer.size << "), m: " << m << ", n: " << n << ", k: " << k << ", stride_a: " << stride_a << ", stride_b: " << stride_b << ", stride_d: " << stride_d << ", batch_stride_a: " << batch_stride_a << ", batch_stride_b: " << batch_stride_b << ", batch_stride_d: " << batch_stride_d << ", split_k: " << split_k << ", batch: " << batch << ", ne02: " << ne02 << ", ne12: " << ne12 << ", broadcast2: " << broadcast2 << ", broadcast3: " << broadcast3 << ", padded_n: " << padded_n << ")");
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
     if (split_k == 1) {
-        const vk_mat_mat_push_constants pc = { m, n, k, stride_a, stride_b, stride_d, batch_stride_a, batch_stride_b, batch_stride_d, k, ne02, ne12, broadcast2, broadcast3, padded_n };
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { a, b, d }, pc, { m, n, batch });
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, CEIL_DIV(batch, ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]));
+
+        uint32_t base_work_group_z = 0;
+        while (base_work_group_z < batch) {
+            uint32_t groups_z = std::min(batch - base_work_group_z, ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]);
+
+            const vk_mat_mat_push_constants pc = { m, n, k, stride_a, stride_b, stride_d, batch_stride_a, batch_stride_b, batch_stride_d, base_work_group_z, batch, k, ne02, ne12, broadcast2, broadcast3, padded_n };
+            ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { a, b, d }, pc, { m, n, groups_z });
+            base_work_group_z += groups_z;
+        }
         return;
     }
 
+    if (ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync) {
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+    }
+
     GGML_ASSERT(batch_stride_d == m * n);
 
-    const vk_mat_mat_push_constants pc1 = { m, n, k, stride_a, stride_b, stride_d, batch_stride_a, batch_stride_b, batch_stride_d, CEIL_DIV(k, split_k), ne02, ne12, broadcast2, broadcast3, padded_n };
-    // Make sure enough workgroups get assigned for split k to work
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { a, b, split_k_buffer }, pc1, { (CEIL_DIV(m, pipeline->wg_denoms[0]) * pipeline->wg_denoms[0]) * split_k, n, batch });
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
+    // Round the split size up to a multiple of 256 (k-quant alignment)
+    uint32_t k_split = CEIL_DIV(k, split_k);
+    k_split = ROUNDUP_POW2(k_split, 256);
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, CEIL_DIV(batch, ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]));
+
+    uint32_t base_work_group_z = 0;
+    while (base_work_group_z < batch) {
+        uint32_t groups_z = std::min(batch - base_work_group_z, ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]);
+
+        const vk_mat_mat_push_constants pc1 = { m, n, k, stride_a, stride_b, stride_d, batch_stride_a, batch_stride_b, batch_stride_d, base_work_group_z, batch, k_split, ne02, ne12, broadcast2, broadcast3, padded_n };
+        // Make sure enough workgroups get assigned for split k to work
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { a, b, split_k_buffer }, pc1, { (CEIL_DIV(m, pipeline->wg_denoms[0]) * pipeline->wg_denoms[0]) * split_k, n, groups_z });
+        base_work_group_z += groups_z;
+    }
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
     const std::array<uint32_t, 2> pc2 = { (uint32_t)(m * n * batch), split_k };
     ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, ctx->device->pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce, { split_k_buffer, d }, pc2, { m * n * batch, 1, 1 });
+    ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync = true;
 }
 
 static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_guess_matmul_id_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_matmul_pipeline& mmp, uint32_t m, uint32_t n, bool aligned, ggml_type src0_type) {
@@ -4710,26 +7104,25 @@ static uint32_t ggml_vk_guess_matmul_id_pipeline_align(ggml_backend_vk_context *
 
 static void ggml_vk_matmul_id(
         ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, vk_pipeline& pipeline,
-        vk_subbuffer&& a, vk_subbuffer&& b, vk_subbuffer&& d, vk_subbuffer&& ids,
+        vk_subbuffer&& a, vk_subbuffer&& b, vk_subbuffer&& d, vk_subbuffer&& ids, const vk_subbuffer & expert_count_buf,
         uint32_t m, uint32_t n, uint32_t k, uint32_t stride_a, uint32_t stride_b, uint32_t stride_d,
         uint32_t batch_stride_a, uint32_t batch_stride_b, uint32_t batch_stride_d,
         uint32_t n_as, uint32_t nei0, uint32_t nei1, uint32_t nbi1, uint32_t ne11,
         uint32_t padded_n) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_matmul_id(a: (" << a.buffer->buffer << ", " << a.offset << ", " << a.size << "), b: (" << b.buffer->buffer << ", " << b.offset << ", " << b.size << "), d: (" << d.buffer->buffer << ", " << d.offset << ", " << d.size << "), ids: (" << ids.buffer->buffer << ", " << ids.offset << ", " << ids.size << "), " <<
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_matmul_id(a: (" << a.buffer->buffer << ", " << a.offset << ", " << a.size << "), b: (" << b.buffer->buffer << ", " << b.offset << ", " << b.size << "), d: (" << d.buffer->buffer << ", " << d.offset << ", " << d.size << "), ids: (" << ids.buffer->buffer << ", " << ids.offset << ", " << ids.size << "), expert_count: (" << expert_count_buf.buffer->buffer << ", " << expert_count_buf.offset << ", " << expert_count_buf.size << "), " <<
         "m: " << m << ", n: " << n << ", k: " << k << ", stride_a: " << stride_a << ", stride_b: " << stride_b << ", stride_d: " << stride_d << ", " <<
         "batch_stride_a: " << batch_stride_a << ", batch_stride_b: " << batch_stride_b << ", batch_stride_d: " << batch_stride_d << ", " <<
         "n_as: " << n_as << ", nei0: " << nei0 << ", nei1: " << nei1 << ", nbi1: " << nbi1 << ", ne11: " << ne11 << ")");
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
     const vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants pc = { m, n, k, stride_a, stride_b, stride_d, batch_stride_a, batch_stride_b, batch_stride_d,
                                               nei0, nei1, nbi1, ne11, padded_n };
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { a, b, d, ids }, pc, { m, nei1, n_as });
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { a, b, d, ids, expert_count_buf }, pc, { m, nei1, n_as });
 }
 
 static bool ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     return
         tensor->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(tensor->type) &&
         tensor->nb[1] == (tensor->nb[0]*tensor->ne[0])/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type) &&
-        tensor->nb[3] == tensor->nb[2]*tensor->ne[2];
+        (tensor->ne[3] == 1 || tensor->nb[3] == tensor->nb[2]*tensor->ne[2]);
 }
 
 static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor * src, const ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_type to) {
@@ -4737,6 +7130,17 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
     // Choose "contiguous copy" shader if src/dst are contiguous
     bool contig = ggml_is_contiguous(src) && (!dst || ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
 
+    // Use optimized "transpose" shader if src dim1 is the innermost dimension.
+    bool transpose = dst && src->nb[1] == ggml_type_size(to) && ggml_are_same_shape(dst, src);
+
+    if (transpose && src->type == to) {
+        if (ggml_type_size(to) == 4) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_transpose_32;
+        } else if (ggml_type_size(to) == 2) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_transpose_16;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && to == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
         if (contig) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f32;
@@ -4772,6 +7176,20 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             return ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_f32_bf16;
         }
     }
+    if (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && to == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        if (contig) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_i32;
+        } else {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_f32_i32;
+        }
+    }
+    if (src->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && to == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        if (contig) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_contig_cpy_i32_f32;
+        } else {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_i32_f32;
+        }
+    }
     if (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
         switch (to) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
@@ -4807,9 +7225,17 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
         // type size must be exactly 2 or 4.
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_quantized(to) || ggml_type_size(src->type) == 2 || ggml_type_size(src->type) == 4);
         if ((ggml_type_size(src->type) % 4) == 0) {
-            return ctx->device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f32;
+            if (contig) {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f32_f32;
+            } else {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_f32_f32;
+            }
         } else {
-            return ctx->device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f16;
+            if (contig) {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_contig_cpy_f16_f16;
+            } else {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_f16_f16;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -4817,7 +7243,7 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
     GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, vk_pipeline pipeline, const ggml_tensor * tensor, vk_subbuffer&& in, vk_subbuffer&& out) {
+static void ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, vk_pipeline pipeline, const ggml_tensor * tensor, const vk_subbuffer & in, const vk_subbuffer & out) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous((" << tensor << ", type=" << tensor->type << ", ne0=" << tensor->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << tensor->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << tensor->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << tensor->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << tensor->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << tensor->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << tensor->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << tensor->nb[3] << "), ";
     std::cerr << "buffer in size=" << in.buffer->size << ", buffer out size=" << out.buffer->size << ")");
     const int tensor_type_size = ggml_type_size(tensor->type);
@@ -4842,35 +7268,59 @@ static void ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     };
     init_pushconst_fastdiv(pc);
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
     ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { in, out }, pc, elements);
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
 }
 
 static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_quantize_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type type) {
     switch(type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
-            return ctx->device->pipeline_quantize_q8_1;
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_quantize_q8_1_x4;
         default:
             std::cerr << "Missing quantize pipeline for type: " << ggml_type_name(type) << std::endl;
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, vk_subbuffer&& in, vk_subbuffer&& out, uint32_t ne) {
+static void ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const vk_subbuffer & in, const vk_subbuffer & out, uint32_t ne) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(" << "buffer in size=" << in.buffer->size << ", buffer out size=" << out.buffer->size << ", " << ne << ")");
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_get_quantize_pipeline(ctx, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
 
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { in, out }, std::array<uint32_t, 1>{ne}, { ne, 1, 1 });
+    const uint32_t num_blocks = CEIL_DIV(ne, pipeline->wg_denoms[0]);
+    // clamp the number of elements to the max workgroup count. The shader will iterate over the total number of blocks.
+    const uint64_t max_elements = std::min<uint64_t>(uint64_t{ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[0]} * pipeline->wg_denoms[0], std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+    const uint32_t elements = std::min(ne, static_cast<uint32_t>(max_elements));
+
+    const vk_quantize_q8_1_push_constants pc = {
+        ne,
+        num_blocks,
+    };
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { in, out }, pc, { elements, 1, 1 });
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16((" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << src0->type << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << src1->type << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << dst->type << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), " << (dryrun ? "dryrun" : "") << ")");
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0) || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);  // NOLINT
+static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_64b_indexing_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_pipeline &pipeline) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+#if defined(VK_EXT_shader_64bit_indexing)
+    vk_pipeline *ptr = &pipeline;
+    while (*ptr) {
+        if ((*ptr)->is_64b_indexing) {
+            return *ptr;
+        }
+        ptr = &(*ptr)->next;
+    }
+#endif
+    return pipeline;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool disable_split_k) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16((" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << ggml_type_name(src0->type) << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
+    std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << ggml_type_name(src1->type) << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
+    std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << ggml_type_name(dst->type) << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
+    std::cerr << "))");
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0) || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);  // NOLINT
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1) || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);  // NOLINT
 
     const uint64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
@@ -4883,8 +7333,9 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
     const uint64_t ne12 = src1->ne[2];
     const uint64_t ne13 = src1->ne[3];
 
-    const uint64_t ne20 = dst->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne21 = dst->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t stride_d = dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    const uint32_t stride_batch_d = stride_d*ne21;
 
     const uint64_t r2 = ne12 / ne02;
     const uint64_t r3 = ne13 / ne03;
@@ -4920,7 +7371,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
 
     const bool y_f32_kernel = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && !y_non_contig;
 
-    bool quantize_y = ctx->device->integer_dot_product && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && (ne11 * ne10) % 4 == 0;
+    bool quantize_y = ctx->device->integer_dot_product && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && !y_non_contig && (ne11 * ne10) % 4 == 0;
 
     // Check for mmq first
     vk_matmul_pipeline mmp = quantize_y ? ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_pipeline(ctx, src0->type, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1, (ggml_prec)dst->op_params[0]) : nullptr;
@@ -4947,18 +7398,23 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_guess_matmul_pipeline(ctx, mmp, ne01, ne11, aligned, qx_needs_dequant ? f16_type : src0->type, quantize_y ? GGML_TYPE_Q8_1 : (y_f32_kernel ? GGML_TYPE_F32 : src1->type));
 
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
+        pipeline = ggml_vk_get_64b_indexing_pipeline(ctx, pipeline);
+    }
+
     // Reserve extra storage in the N dimension for the Y matrix, so we can avoid bounds-checking
     uint32_t padded_n = qy_needs_dequant ? ROUNDUP_POW2(ne11, pipeline->wg_denoms[1]) : ne11;
-    const int x_ne = ne01 * ne00;
-    const int y_ne = padded_n * ne10;
-    const int d_ne = ne11 * ne01;
+    const uint64_t x_ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+    // 128 elements per Q8_1 x4 block
+    const uint64_t y_ne = padded_n * ne10 * ne12 * ne13;
+    const uint64_t d_ne = ggml_nelements(dst);
 
-    const uint32_t split_k = ggml_vk_guess_split_k(ctx, ne01, ne11, ne10, pipeline);
+    const uint32_t split_k = ggml_vk_guess_split_k(ctx, ne01, ne11, ne10, disable_split_k, pipeline);
 
     const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne / ggml_blck_size(src0->type);
     const uint64_t qy_sz = ggml_type_size(src1->type) * y_ne / ggml_blck_size(src1->type);
     const uint64_t x_sz = !qx_needs_dequant ? qx_sz : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * x_ne;
-    const uint64_t y_sz = quantize_y ? (y_ne * ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) / ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1)) : (y_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne);
+    const uint64_t y_sz = quantize_y ? (ggml_vk_align_size(y_ne, 128) * ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) / ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1)) : (y_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne);
     const uint64_t d_sz = sizeof(float) * d_ne;
 
     vk_pipeline to_fp16_vk_0 = nullptr;
@@ -4982,28 +7438,28 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
         to_q8_1 = ggml_vk_get_quantize_pipeline(ctx, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
     }
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        const uint64_t x_sz_upd = x_sz * ne02 * ne03;
-        const uint64_t y_sz_upd = y_sz * ne12 * ne13;
-        const uint64_t split_k_size = split_k > 1 ? d_sz * ne12 * ne13 * split_k : 0;
+    {
+        const uint64_t split_k_size = split_k > 1 ? d_sz * split_k : 0;
         if (
-                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size) ||
-                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size) ||
-                (split_k > 1 && split_k_size > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size)) {
+                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) ||
+                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) ||
+                (split_k > 1 && split_k_size > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange)) {
             GGML_ABORT("Requested preallocation size is too large");
         }
-        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz_upd;
+        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
         }
-        if ((qy_needs_dequant || quantize_y) && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz_upd;
+        if ((qy_needs_dequant || quantize_y) && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
         }
         if (split_k > 1 && ctx->prealloc_size_split_k < split_k_size) {
             ctx->prealloc_size_split_k = split_k_size;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
         }
 
         // Request descriptor sets
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
         if (qx_needs_dequant) {
             ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_fp16_vk_0, 1);
         }
@@ -5016,13 +7472,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
         if (split_k > 1) {
             ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce, 1);
         }
-        return;
     }
 
     vk_buffer d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
     const uint64_t d_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
     GGML_ASSERT(d_D != nullptr);
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_D->size >= d_buf_offset + d_sz * ne02 * ne03);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_D->size >= d_buf_offset + d_sz);
     vk_buffer d_X;
     uint64_t x_buf_offset = 0;
     vk_buffer d_Y;
@@ -5039,7 +7494,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
     }
     if (qx_needs_dequant) {
         d_X = ctx->prealloc_x;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_X->size >= x_sz * ne02 * ne03);
+        GGML_ASSERT(d_X->size >= x_sz);
     } else {
         d_X = d_Qx;
         x_buf_offset = qx_buf_offset;
@@ -5047,28 +7502,50 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
     }
     if (qy_needs_dequant) {
         d_Y = ctx->prealloc_y;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y->size >= y_sz * ne12 * ne13);
+        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y->size >= y_sz);
     } else if (quantize_y) {
         d_Y = ctx->prealloc_y;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y->size >= y_ne * ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) / ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1));
+        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y->size >= CEIL_DIV(y_sz, 144) * 144);
     } else {
         d_Y = d_Qy;
         y_buf_offset = qy_buf_offset;
         GGML_ASSERT(qy_sz == y_sz);
     }
 
+    if (x_non_contig || qx_needs_dequant) {
+        if (ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+    }
+
     if (x_non_contig) {
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, { d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_X, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Qx, qx_buf_offset), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_X, 0));
     } else if (qx_needs_dequant) {
         const std::vector<uint32_t> pc = { (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)(ggml_nelements(src0)) };
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, { vk_subbuffer{ d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, qx_sz * ne02 * ne03 }, vk_subbuffer{ d_X, 0, x_sz * ne02 * ne03 } }, pc, { (uint32_t)(x_ne * ne02 * ne03), 1, 1});
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, { vk_subbuffer{ d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, qx_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_X, 0, x_sz } }, pc, { (uint32_t)(x_ne), 1, 1});
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
     }
     if (y_non_contig) {
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, { d_Qy, qy_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_Y, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_fp16_vk_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Y, 0));
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_fp16_vk_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
     }
     if (quantize_y) {
-        ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ctx, subctx, { d_Qy, qy_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_Y, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, y_ne * ne12 * ne13);
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_q8_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ctx, subctx, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Y, 0), y_ne);
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_q8_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
     }
 
     uint32_t stride_batch_x = ne00*ne01;
@@ -5085,20 +7562,110 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
     // compute
     ggml_vk_matmul(
         ctx, subctx, pipeline,
-        { d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz * ne02 * ne03 }, { d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz * ne12 * ne13 },
-        { d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz * ne12 * ne13 }, { ctx->prealloc_split_k, 0, d_sz * ne12 * ne13 * split_k },
+        { d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, { d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz },
+        ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_D, d_buf_offset), { ctx->prealloc_split_k, 0, d_sz * split_k },
         ne01, ne11, ne10,
-        ne10, ne10, ne01, stride_batch_x, stride_batch_y, ne20*ne21,
+        ne10, ne10, stride_d, stride_batch_x, stride_batch_y, stride_batch_d,
         split_k, ne12*ne13, ne02, ne12, r2, r3, padded_n
     );  // NOLINT
+
+    if (x_non_contig || qx_needs_dequant) {
+        ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = true;
+    }
+    if (y_non_contig || quantize_y) {
+        ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// Device tuning
+static bool ggml_vk_should_use_mmvq(const vk_device& device, uint32_t m, uint32_t n, uint32_t k, ggml_type src0_type) {
+    if (device->mmvq_mode == 1) {
+        return true;
+    } else if (device->mmvq_mode == -1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // General performance issue with q3_k and q6_k due to 2-byte alignment
+    if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_Q3_K || src0_type == GGML_TYPE_Q6_K) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // MMVQ is generally good for batches
+    if (n > 1) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Quantization overhead is not worth it for small k
+    switch (device->vendor_id) {
+    case VK_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA:
+        if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K || src0_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || src0_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (k <= 4096) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (src0_type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return device->architecture == vk_device_architecture::NVIDIA_PRE_TURING;
+        default:
+            return true;
+        }
+    case VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD:
+        if (k < 2048) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (src0_type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return device->architecture == vk_device_architecture::AMD_GCN;
+        default:
+            return true;
+        }
+    case VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL:
+        if (k < 2048) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (device->driver_id == vk::DriverId::eIntelProprietaryWindows) {
+            // Intel Windows proprietary driver tuning
+            switch (src0_type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+                return false;
+            default:
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (src0_type) {
+        // From tests on A770 Linux, may need more tuning
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            return false;
+        default:
+            return true;
+        }
+    default:
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(m);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16((" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << src0->type << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << src1->type << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << dst->type << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), " << (dryrun ? "dryrun" : "") << "),)");
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0) || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);  // NOLINT
+    std::cerr << ")),)");
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0) || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);  // NOLINT
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1) || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);  // NOLINT
 
     const uint64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
@@ -5113,8 +7680,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
 
     const uint64_t ne20 = dst->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne21 = dst->ne[1];
-    const uint64_t ne22 = dst->ne[2];
-    const uint64_t ne23 = dst->ne[3];
+    // const uint64_t ne22 = dst->ne[2];
+    // const uint64_t ne23 = dst->ne[3];
 
     const uint64_t r2 = ne12 / ne02;
     const uint64_t r3 = ne13 / ne03;
@@ -5124,45 +7691,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1 || ne12 * ne13 == 1);
     bool batch_n = ne11 > 1;
 
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src0_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src0->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src1_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src1->buffer->context;
-
-    vk_buffer d_Qx = nullptr;
-    size_t qx_buf_offset = 0;
-    vk_buffer d_Qy = nullptr;
-    size_t qy_buf_offset = 0;
-
-    bool src0_uma = false;
-    bool src1_uma = false;
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src0->data, d_Qx, qx_buf_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src1->data, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset);
-        src0_uma = d_Qx != nullptr;
-        src1_uma = d_Qy != nullptr;
-    }
-
     const bool x_non_contig = !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0);
     const bool y_non_contig = !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1);
 
     const bool f16_f32_kernel = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-
-    const bool qx_needs_dequant = x_non_contig;
-    const bool qy_needs_dequant = (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && !f16_f32_kernel) || y_non_contig;
-
-    // Not implemented
-    GGML_ASSERT(y_non_contig || !qy_needs_dequant);  // NOLINT
-
-    const uint64_t x_ne = ne01 * ne00;
-    const uint64_t y_ne = ne11 * ne10;
-    const uint64_t d_ne = ne11 * ne01;
-
-    const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne / ggml_blck_size(src0->type), ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
-    const uint64_t qy_sz = ggml_type_size(src1->type) * y_ne / ggml_blck_size(src1->type);
-    const uint64_t x_sz = x_non_contig ? ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne, ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) : qx_sz;
-    const uint64_t y_sz = f16_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne;
-    const uint64_t d_sz = sizeof(float) * d_ne;
+    bool quantize_y = ctx->device->integer_dot_product && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && !y_non_contig && (ne11 * ne10) % 4 == 0 && ggml_vk_should_use_mmvq(ctx->device, ne01, ne11, ne10, src0->type);
 
     vk_pipeline to_fp16_vk_0 = nullptr;
     vk_pipeline to_fp16_vk_1 = nullptr;
@@ -5174,76 +7707,117 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     } else {
         to_fp16_vk_1 = ggml_vk_get_to_fp16(ctx, src1->type);
     }
-    vk_pipeline dmmv = ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(ctx, src0->type, src1->type, ne11);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!qx_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_0 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
-    GGML_ASSERT(!qy_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_1 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
-    GGML_ASSERT(dmmv != nullptr);
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        const uint64_t x_sz_upd = x_sz * ne02 * ne03;
-        const uint64_t y_sz_upd = y_sz * ne12 * ne13;
-        if (
-                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size) ||
-                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size)) {
-            GGML_ABORT("Requested preallocation size is too large");
-        }
-        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz_upd;
-        }
-        if (qy_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz_upd;
-        }
+    // Check for mmq first
+    vk_pipeline dmmv = quantize_y ? ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(ctx, src0->type, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1, ne11, ne20, ne00) : nullptr;
+    vk_pipeline to_q8_1 = nullptr;
 
-        // Request descriptor sets
-        if (qx_needs_dequant) {
-            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_fp16_vk_0, 1);
-        }
-        if (qy_needs_dequant) {
-            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_fp16_vk_1, 1);
-        }
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, dmmv, 1);
-        return;
+    if (dmmv == nullptr) {
+        // Fall back to f16 dequant mul mat
+        dmmv = ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(ctx, src0->type, src1->type, ne11, ne20, ne00);
+        quantize_y = false;
     }
 
-    vk_buffer d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-    const uint64_t d_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_D != nullptr);
-    vk_buffer d_X;
-    uint64_t x_buf_offset = 0;
-    vk_buffer d_Y;
-    uint64_t y_buf_offset = 0;
-    if(!src0_uma) {
-        d_Qx = src0_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        qx_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src0) + src0->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Qx != nullptr);
+    if (quantize_y) {
+        to_q8_1 = ggml_vk_get_quantize_pipeline(ctx, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
     }
-    if(!src1_uma) {
-        d_Qy = src1_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        qy_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src1) + src1->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Qy != nullptr);
+
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
+        dmmv = ggml_vk_get_64b_indexing_pipeline(ctx, dmmv);
+    }
+
+    const bool qx_needs_dequant = x_non_contig;
+    const bool qy_needs_dequant = !quantize_y && ((src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && !f16_f32_kernel) || y_non_contig);
+
+    // Not implemented
+    GGML_ASSERT(y_non_contig || !qy_needs_dequant);  // NOLINT
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!qx_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_0 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
+    GGML_ASSERT(!qy_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_1 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
+    GGML_ASSERT(dmmv != nullptr);
+
+    const uint64_t x_ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+    const uint64_t y_ne = ggml_nelements(src1);
+
+    const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne / ggml_blck_size(src0->type), ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
+    const uint64_t x_sz = x_non_contig ? ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne, ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) : qx_sz;
+    const uint64_t y_sz = quantize_y ? (ggml_vk_align_size(y_ne, 128) * ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) / ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1)) :
+                         (f16_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne);
+
+    {
+        if (
+                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) ||
+                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange)) {
+            GGML_ABORT("Requested preallocation size is too large");
+        }
+        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        if ((qy_needs_dequant || quantize_y) && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+
+        // Request descriptor sets
+        if (qx_needs_dequant) {
+            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_fp16_vk_0, 1);
+        }
+        if (qy_needs_dequant) {
+            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_fp16_vk_1, 1);
+        }
+        if (quantize_y) {
+            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_q8_1, 1);
+        }
     }
+
+    vk_subbuffer d_D = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops]);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qx = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qy = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src1);
+    vk_subbuffer d_X, d_Y;
+
     if (qx_needs_dequant) {
-        d_X = ctx->prealloc_x;
+        d_X = { ctx->prealloc_x, 0, ctx->prealloc_x->size };
     } else {
         d_X = d_Qx;
-        x_buf_offset = qx_buf_offset;
         GGML_ASSERT(qx_sz == x_sz);
     }
-    if (qy_needs_dequant) {
-        d_Y = ctx->prealloc_y;
+    if (qy_needs_dequant || quantize_y) {
+        d_Y = { ctx->prealloc_y, 0, ctx->prealloc_y->size };
     } else {
         d_Y = d_Qy;
-        y_buf_offset = qy_buf_offset;
-        GGML_ASSERT(qy_sz == y_sz);
     }
 
     if (x_non_contig) {
+        if (ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+
         GGML_ASSERT(x_sz == ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne, ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment));
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, { d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_X, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, d_Qx, d_X);
     }
     if (y_non_contig) {
         GGML_ASSERT(y_sz == ggml_type_size(src1->type) * y_ne);
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, { d_Qy, qy_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_Y, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_fp16_vk_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, d_Qy, d_Y);
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_fp16_vk_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (quantize_y) {
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_q8_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ctx, subctx, d_Qy, d_Y, y_ne);
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_q8_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
     }
 
     // For batch_n, the A matrix is the same for each batch, and B/D use the row stride as the batch stride
@@ -5269,23 +7843,66 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
         groups_x = CEIL_DIV(groups_x, groups_z);
     }
 
-    // compute
-    const vk_mat_vec_push_constants pc = {
-        (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne01,
-        stride_batch_x, stride_batch_y, stride_batch_d,
-        (uint32_t)ne02, (uint32_t)ne12, (uint32_t)r2, (uint32_t)r3,
-    };
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, dmmv,
-                              { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz * ne02 * ne03 }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz * ne12 * ne13 }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz * ne22 * ne23} },
-                              pc, { groups_x, (uint32_t)(ne12 * ne13), groups_z });
+    uint32_t fusion_flags = 0;
+
+    vk_subbuffer d_F0 = d_D;
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0) {
+        const ggml_tensor * add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor * bias = add->src[0] == dst ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        d_F0 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+        fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0;
+    }
+
+    vk_subbuffer d_F1 = d_D;
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops == 2) {
+        const ggml_tensor * add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+        const ggml_tensor * bias = add->src[0] == cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1] ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        d_F1 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+        fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1;
+    }
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, dmmv, CEIL_DIV(ne12 * ne13, ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1]));
+
+    uint32_t base_work_group_y = 0;
+    while (base_work_group_y < ne12 * ne13) {
+
+        uint32_t groups_y = std::min((uint32_t)(ne12 * ne13) - base_work_group_y, ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1]);
+        const vk_mat_vec_push_constants pc = {
+            (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne01,
+            stride_batch_x, stride_batch_y, stride_batch_d,
+            fusion_flags, base_work_group_y,
+            (uint32_t)ne02, (uint32_t)ne12, (uint32_t)r2, (uint32_t)r3,
+        };
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, dmmv,
+                                  {
+                                    d_X,
+                                    d_Y,
+                                    d_D,
+                                    d_F0,
+                                    d_F1,
+                                  },
+                                  pc, { groups_x, groups_y, groups_z });
+        base_work_group_y += groups_y;
+    }
+
+    if (x_non_contig) {
+        ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = true;
+    }
+    if (y_non_contig || quantize_y) {
+        ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync = true;
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_p021_f16_f32(" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << src0->type << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << src1->type << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << dst->type << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), " << (dryrun ? "dryrun" : "") << ")");
+    std::cerr << "))");
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_permuted(src0) && ggml_is_permuted(src1));
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->nb[0] <= src0->nb[1] && src0->nb[2] <= src0->nb[3]);  // NOLINT
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->nb[0] <= src1->nb[1] && src1->nb[2] <= src1->nb[3]);  // NOLINT
@@ -5297,67 +7914,62 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_c
     const uint64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
     // const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
-    const uint64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    //const uint64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne11 = src1->ne[1];
     const uint64_t ne12 = src1->ne[2];
     // const uint64_t ne13 = src1->ne[3];
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
 
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src0_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src0->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src1_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src1->buffer->context;
-
-    vk_buffer d_Qy = nullptr;
-    size_t qy_buf_offset = 0;
-
-    bool src1_uma = false;
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src1->data, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset);
-        src1_uma = d_Qy != nullptr;
-    }
-
-    const uint64_t x_ne = ne00 * ne01 * ne02;
-    const uint64_t y_ne = ne10 * ne11 * ne12;
-    const uint64_t d_ne = ne01 * ne11 * ne12;
-
-    const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne / ggml_blck_size(src0->type), ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
-    const uint64_t qy_sz = ggml_type_size(src1->type) * y_ne / ggml_blck_size(src1->type);
-    const uint64_t d_sz = sizeof(float) * d_ne;
-
     // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
     uint32_t gqa_ratio = (uint32_t)ne12 / (uint32_t)ne02;
     if (gqa_ratio > 8 || gqa_ratio == 0 || ne12 != ne02 * gqa_ratio) {
         gqa_ratio = 1;
     }
 
-    if (dryrun) {
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ctx->device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[gqa_ratio - 1];
+
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
+        pipeline = ggml_vk_get_64b_indexing_pipeline(ctx, pipeline);
+    }
+
+    {
         // Request descriptor sets
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[gqa_ratio - 1], 1);
-        return;
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
     }
 
-    vk_buffer d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-    const uint64_t d_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_D != nullptr);
-    vk_buffer d_Qx = src0_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-    const uint64_t qx_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src0) + src0->view_offs;
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_Qx != nullptr);
-    if (!src1_uma) {
-        d_Qy = src1_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        qy_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src1) + src1->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Qx != nullptr);
+    vk_subbuffer d_D = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops], true);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qx = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qy = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src1, true);
+
+    vk_subbuffer d_F0 = d_D;
+
+    uint32_t fusion_flags = 0;
+
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0) {
+        const ggml_tensor * add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor * bias = add->src[0] == dst ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        d_F0 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+        fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0;
     }
 
-    const uint64_t qy_buffer_offset = (qy_buf_offset / ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) * ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-    const uint64_t qy_shader_offset = qy_buf_offset - qy_buffer_offset;
+    vk_subbuffer d_F1 = d_D;
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 1) {
+        const ggml_tensor * bias = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->src[1];
 
-    const uint64_t d_buffer_offset = (d_buf_offset / ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) * ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-    const uint64_t d_shader_offset = d_buf_offset - d_buffer_offset;
+        d_F1 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+        fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1;
+    }
 
     // compute
-    const std::array<uint32_t, 6> pc = { (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne02, (uint32_t)ne12, (uint32_t)(qy_shader_offset / ggml_type_size(src1->type)), (uint32_t)(d_shader_offset / ggml_type_size(dst->type)) };
+
+    vk_mat_vec_p021_push_constants pc = {
+        (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne02, (uint32_t)ne12,
+        0, 0, fusion_flags
+    };
+
+    init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ctx, pc, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops]);
 
     uint32_t workgroups_z = (uint32_t)ne12;
     // When gqa_ratio > 1, each invocation does multiple rows and we can launch fewer workgroups
@@ -5365,15 +7977,24 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_c
         workgroups_z /= gqa_ratio;
     }
 
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, ctx->device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32[gqa_ratio - 1], { vk_subbuffer{ d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, qx_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Qy, qy_buffer_offset, qy_sz + qy_shader_offset }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buffer_offset, d_sz + d_shader_offset } }, pc, { 1, (uint32_t)ne01, workgroups_z });
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+        {
+            d_Qx,
+            d_Qy,
+            d_D,
+            d_F0,
+            d_F1,
+        }, pc, { 1, (uint32_t)ne01, workgroups_z });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_nc_f16_f32((" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << src0->type << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << src1->type << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << dst->type << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), " << (dryrun ? "dryrun" : "") << ")");
+    std::cerr << "))");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(src0));
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_transposed(src1));
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_permuted(src0));
@@ -5383,7 +8004,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_con
     const uint64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const uint64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
-    // const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
     const uint64_t nb01 = src0->nb[1];
     const uint64_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];
@@ -5395,66 +8016,105 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_con
     const uint64_t ne12 = src1->ne[2];
     // const uint64_t ne13 = src1->ne[3];
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
-
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src0_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src0->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src1_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src1->buffer->context;
-
-    vk_buffer d_Qy = nullptr;
-    size_t qy_buf_offset = 0;
-
-    bool src1_uma = false;
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src1->data, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset);
-        src1_uma = d_Qy != nullptr;
-    }
+    const uint32_t nb03 = (uint32_t)(src0->nb[3] / sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    const uint32_t nb13 = (uint32_t)(src1->nb[3] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t nb23 = (uint32_t)(dst->nb[3] / sizeof(float));
 
-    const uint64_t d_ne = ne01 * ne11 * ne12;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne11 == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == src1->ne[3]); // checked in supports_op
 
     const uint32_t row_stride_x = nb01 / sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
     const uint32_t channel_stride_x = nb02 / sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
     const uint32_t channel_stride_y = nb12 / sizeof(float);
 
-    const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_nbytes(src0);
-    const uint64_t qy_sz = ggml_nbytes(src1);
-    const uint64_t d_sz = sizeof(float) * d_ne;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ctx->device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32;
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
+        pipeline = ggml_vk_get_64b_indexing_pipeline(ctx, pipeline);
+    }
 
-    if (dryrun) {
+    {
         // Request descriptor sets
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32, 1);
-        return;
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
     }
 
-    vk_buffer d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-    const uint64_t d_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_D != nullptr);
-    vk_buffer d_Qx = src0_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-    const uint64_t qx_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src0) + src0->view_offs;
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_Qx != nullptr);
-    if (!src1_uma) {
-        d_Qy = src1_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        qy_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src1) + src1->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Qx != nullptr);
+    vk_subbuffer d_D = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops], true);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qx = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qy = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src1, true);
+    vk_subbuffer d_F0 = d_D;
+
+    uint32_t fusion_flags = 0;
+
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0) {
+        const ggml_tensor * add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor * bias = add->src[0] == dst ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        d_F0 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+        fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0;
     }
 
-    const uint64_t qy_buffer_offset = (qy_buf_offset / ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) * ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-    const uint64_t qy_shader_offset = qy_buf_offset - qy_buffer_offset;
+    vk_subbuffer d_F1 = d_D;
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 1) {
+        const ggml_tensor * bias = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->src[1];
 
-    const uint64_t d_buffer_offset = (d_buf_offset / ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) * ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-    const uint64_t d_shader_offset = d_buf_offset - d_buffer_offset;
+        d_F1 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+        fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1;
+    }
 
     // compute
-    const std::array<uint32_t, 9> pc = { (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne01, row_stride_x, channel_stride_x, channel_stride_y, (uint32_t)(ne12 / ne02), (uint32_t)ne12, (uint32_t)(qy_shader_offset / ggml_type_size(src1->type)), (uint32_t)(d_shader_offset / ggml_type_size(dst->type)) };
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, ctx->device->pipeline_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32,
-        { vk_subbuffer{ d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, qx_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Qy, qy_buffer_offset, qy_sz + qy_shader_offset }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buffer_offset, d_sz + d_shader_offset } }, pc, { 1, (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne12 });
+    vk_mat_vec_nc_push_constants pc = {
+        (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne01,
+        row_stride_x, channel_stride_x, channel_stride_y,
+        (uint32_t)(ne12 / ne02), (uint32_t)ne12,
+        0, 0,
+        nb03, nb13, nb23, fusion_flags
+    };
+
+    init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ctx, pc, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops]);
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+        {
+            d_Qx,
+            d_Qy,
+            d_D,
+            d_F0,
+            d_F1,
+        }, pc, { (uint32_t)ne03, (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne12 });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat(" << src0 << ", " << src1 << ", " << dst << ")");
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && ggml_is_permuted(src0) && ggml_is_permuted(src1) && dst->ne[1] == 1 &&
+
+    // Handle huge A matrix by splitting the M dimensions. This works well for convolution use cases
+    // where the M dimension is very large.
+    // Split_k doesn't work with M splitting.
+    // This only supports batchsize == 1.
+    const size_t nbytes = ggml_nbytes(src0);
+    const bool needs_split = dst->ne[2] == 1 && dst->ne[3] == 1 && nbytes > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange;
+    if (needs_split) {
+        // Choose the number of rows that can fit (and divide by two, to allow for any additional offsets)
+        const uint32_t M_split = ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange / (2 * src0->nb[1]);
+        uint32_t m_offset = 0;
+        while (m_offset < dst->ne[0]) {
+            const uint32_t cur_M_size = std::min(M_split, (uint32_t)(dst->ne[0] - m_offset));
+            ggml_tensor dst2 = *dst;
+            ggml_tensor src02 = *src0;
+
+            dst2.view_src = dst->view_src ? dst->view_src : dst;
+            src02.view_src = src0->view_src ? src0->view_src : src0;
+
+            dst2.view_offs += m_offset * dst->nb[0];
+            src02.view_offs += m_offset * src0->nb[1];
+            dst2.ne[0] = cur_M_size;
+            src02.ne[1] = cur_M_size;
+
+            ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ctx, subctx, &src02, src1, &dst2, true);
+
+            m_offset += cur_M_size;
+        }
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && ggml_is_permuted(src0) && ggml_is_permuted(src1) && dst->ne[1] == 1 &&
         // detect 0213 permutation, and batch size of 1
         src0->nb[0] <= src0->nb[2] &&
         src0->nb[2] <= src0->nb[1] &&
@@ -5463,22 +8123,27 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, c
         src1->nb[2] <= src1->nb[1] &&
         src1->nb[1] <= src1->nb[3] &&
         src0->ne[3] == 1 &&
-        src1->ne[3] == 1) {
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, dst, dryrun);
+        src1->ne[3] == 1 &&
+        src0->ne[1] <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1] &&
+        src1->ne[2] <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]) {
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32(ctx, subctx, cgraph, node_idx);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && !ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && !ggml_is_transposed(src1) && dst->ne[1] == 1 &&
-               !ggml_is_permuted(src0) && !ggml_is_permuted(src1)) {
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, dst, dryrun);
+               !ggml_is_permuted(src0) && !ggml_is_permuted(src1) &&
+               src0->ne[3] <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[0] &&
+               src0->ne[1] <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1] &&
+               src1->ne[2] <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]) {
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32(ctx, subctx, cgraph, node_idx);
     // mul_mat_vec supports batching ne12*ne13 when ne11==1, or treating ne11 as the batch size (up to four)
     // when ne12 and ne13 are one.
     } else if ((dst->ne[1] == 1 || (dst->ne[1] <= mul_mat_vec_max_cols && src1->ne[2] * src1->ne[3] == 1)) &&
                (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type))) {
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, dst, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_q_f16(ctx, subctx, cgraph, node_idx);
     } else {
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, dst, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, dst, false);
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16((" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << src0->type << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << src1->type << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << ids << ", name=" << ids->name << ", type=" << ids->type << ", ne0=" << ids->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << ids->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << ids->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << ids->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << ids->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << ids->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << ids->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << ids->nb[3];
@@ -5489,7 +8154,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     const uint64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const uint64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
-    const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    // const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
     const uint64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne11 = src1->ne[1];
@@ -5498,15 +8163,15 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
 
     const uint64_t nei0 = ids->ne[0];
     const uint64_t nei1 = ids->ne[1];
-    GGML_ASSERT(nei0 * nei1 <= 4096);
 
+    const uint32_t nbi0 = ids->nb[0];
     const uint32_t nbi1 = ids->nb[1];
     const uint32_t nbi2 = ids->nb[2];
 
     const uint64_t ne20 = dst->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne21 = dst->ne[1];
-    const uint64_t ne22 = dst->ne[2];
-    const uint64_t ne23 = dst->ne[3];
+    // const uint64_t ne22 = dst->ne[2];
+    // const uint64_t ne23 = dst->ne[3];
 
     const uint64_t n_as = ne02;
 
@@ -5547,10 +8212,19 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
 
     const bool y_f32_kernel = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && !y_non_contig;
 
-    vk_matmul_pipeline mmp = ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ctx, src0->type, y_non_contig ? f16_type : src1->type, (ggml_prec)dst->op_params[0]);
+    bool quantize_y = ctx->device->integer_dot_product && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && !y_non_contig && (ne11 * ne10) % 4 == 0;
+
+    // Check for mmq first
+    vk_matmul_pipeline mmp = quantize_y ? ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ctx, src0->type, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1, (ggml_prec)dst->op_params[0]) : nullptr;
+
+    if (mmp == nullptr) {
+        // Fall back to f16 dequant mul mat
+        mmp = ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ctx, src0->type, y_non_contig ? f16_type : src1->type, (ggml_prec)dst->op_params[0]);
+        quantize_y = false;
+    }
 
     const bool qx_needs_dequant = mmp == nullptr || x_non_contig;
-    const bool qy_needs_dequant = (src1->type != f16_type && !y_f32_kernel) || y_non_contig;
+    const bool qy_needs_dequant = !quantize_y && ((src1->type != f16_type && !y_f32_kernel) || y_non_contig);
 
     if (qx_needs_dequant) {
         // Fall back to dequant + f16 mulmat
@@ -5560,26 +8234,30 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     // Not implemented
     GGML_ASSERT(y_non_contig || !qy_needs_dequant);  // NOLINT
 
-    const uint32_t kpad = ggml_vk_align_size(ne10, ggml_vk_guess_matmul_id_pipeline_align(ctx, mmp, ne01, nei1, qx_needs_dequant ? f16_type : src0->type));
-    const bool aligned = ne10 == kpad && ne01 > 8 && nei1 > 8;
+    const uint32_t kpad = quantize_y ? 0 : ggml_vk_align_size(ne10, ggml_vk_guess_matmul_id_pipeline_align(ctx, mmp, ne01, nei1, qx_needs_dequant ? f16_type : src0->type));
+    const bool aligned = !quantize_y && ne10 == kpad && ne01 > 8 && nei1 > 8;
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_guess_matmul_id_pipeline(ctx, mmp, ne01, nei1, aligned, qx_needs_dequant ? f16_type : src0->type);
 
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
+        pipeline = ggml_vk_get_64b_indexing_pipeline(ctx, pipeline);
+    }
     // Reserve extra storage in the N dimension for the Y matrix, so we can avoid bounds-checking
     uint32_t padded_n = qy_needs_dequant ? ROUNDUP_POW2(ne11, pipeline->wg_denoms[1]) :ne11;
-    const uint64_t x_ne = ne01 * ne00;
-    const uint64_t y_ne = padded_n * ne10;
-    const uint64_t d_ne = ne21 * ne20;
+    const uint64_t x_ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+    const uint64_t y_ne = padded_n * ne10 * ne12 * ne13;
+    const uint64_t d_ne = ggml_nelements(dst);
 
     const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne / ggml_blck_size(src0->type);
     const uint64_t qy_sz = ggml_type_size(src1->type) * y_ne / ggml_blck_size(src1->type);
     const uint64_t x_sz = !qx_needs_dequant ? qx_sz : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * x_ne;
-    const uint64_t y_sz = y_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne;
+    const uint64_t y_sz = quantize_y ? (ggml_vk_align_size(y_ne, 128) * ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) / ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1)) : (y_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne);
     const uint64_t ids_sz = nbi2;
     const uint64_t d_sz = sizeof(float) * d_ne;
 
     vk_pipeline to_fp16_vk_0 = nullptr;
     vk_pipeline to_fp16_vk_1 = nullptr;
+    vk_pipeline to_q8_1 = nullptr;
 
     if (x_non_contig) {
         to_fp16_vk_0 = ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline(ctx, src0, nullptr, f16_type);
@@ -5594,19 +8272,30 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     GGML_ASSERT(!qx_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_0 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
     GGML_ASSERT(!qy_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_1 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        const uint64_t x_sz_upd = x_sz * ne02 * ne03;
-        const uint64_t y_sz_upd = y_sz * ne12 * ne13;
+    if (quantize_y) {
+        to_q8_1 = ggml_vk_get_quantize_pipeline(ctx, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
+    }
+    vk_pipeline count_experts = ctx->device->pipeline_count_experts;
+
+    uint32_t expert_count_size = sizeof(uint32_t) * n_as;
+
+    {
         if (
-                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size) ||
-                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size)) {
+                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) ||
+                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange)) {
             GGML_ABORT("Requested preallocation size is too large");
         }
-        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz_upd;
+        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
         }
-        if (qy_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz_upd;
+        if ((qy_needs_dequant || quantize_y) && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        if (ctx->prealloc_size_split_k < expert_count_size) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_split_k = expert_count_size;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
         }
 
         // Request descriptor sets
@@ -5617,7 +8306,10 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
         if (qy_needs_dequant) {
             ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_fp16_vk_1, 1);
         }
-        return;
+        if (quantize_y) {
+            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_q8_1, 1);
+        }
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, count_experts, 1);
     }
 
     vk_buffer d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
@@ -5644,7 +8336,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     }
     if (qx_needs_dequant) {
         d_X = ctx->prealloc_x;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_X->size >= x_sz * ne02 * ne03);
+        GGML_ASSERT(d_X->size >= x_sz);
     } else {
         d_X = d_Qx;
         x_buf_offset = qx_buf_offset;
@@ -5652,24 +8344,66 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     }
     if (qy_needs_dequant) {
         d_Y = ctx->prealloc_y;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y->size >= y_sz * ne12 * ne13);
+        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y->size >= y_sz);
+    } else if (quantize_y) {
+        d_Y = ctx->prealloc_y;
+        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y->size >= CEIL_DIV(y_sz, 144) * 144);
     } else {
         d_Y = d_Qy;
         y_buf_offset = qy_buf_offset;
         GGML_ASSERT(qy_sz == y_sz);
     }
 
+    if (x_non_contig || qx_needs_dequant) {
+        if (ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+    }
+    // Count how many times each expert is used
+    vk_subbuffer expert_count_buf = ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, ctx->prealloc_split_k, 0);
+    if (ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync) {
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+    }
+    {
+        const std::vector<uint32_t> pc = { (uint32_t)nei0,
+                                           (uint32_t)nei1,
+                                           (uint32_t)(nbi0 / ggml_type_size(ids->type)),
+                                           (uint32_t)(nbi1 / ggml_type_size(ids->type)),
+                                           (uint32_t)(get_misalign_bytes(ctx, ids) / ggml_type_size(ids->type)) };
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, count_experts,
+            { vk_subbuffer{ d_ids, ids_buf_offset, ids_sz }, expert_count_buf }, pc, { (uint32_t)n_as, 1, 1});
+    }
+
     if (x_non_contig) {
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, { d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_X, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Qx, qx_buf_offset), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_X, 0));
     } else if (qx_needs_dequant) {
         const std::vector<uint32_t> pc = { (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)(ggml_nelements(src0)) };
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
         ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0,
-            { vk_subbuffer{ d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, qx_sz * ne02 * ne03 }, vk_subbuffer{ d_X, 0, x_sz * ne02 * ne03 } }, pc, { (uint32_t)(x_ne * ne02 * ne03), 1, 1});
+            { vk_subbuffer{ d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, qx_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_X, 0, x_sz } }, pc, { (uint32_t)x_ne, 1, 1});
     }
     if (y_non_contig) {
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, { d_Qy, qy_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_Y, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_fp16_vk_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Y, 0));
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_fp16_vk_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (quantize_y) {
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_q8_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ctx, subctx, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Y, 0), y_ne);
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_q8_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
     }
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
 
     uint32_t stride_batch_x = ne00*ne01;
     uint32_t stride_batch_y = ne10*ne11;
@@ -5678,99 +8412,67 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
         stride_batch_x = src0->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     }
 
-    if (!ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1) && !qy_needs_dequant) {
+    if (!ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1) && !qy_needs_dequant && !quantize_y) {
         stride_batch_y = src1->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     }
 
     // compute
     ggml_vk_matmul_id(
         ctx, subctx, pipeline,
-        { d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz * ne02 * ne03 }, { d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz * ne12 * ne13 },
-        { d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz * ne22 * ne23 }, { d_ids, ids_buf_offset, ids_sz },
+        { d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, { d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz },
+        { d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz }, { d_ids, ids_buf_offset, ids_sz }, expert_count_buf,
         ne01, ne21, ne10, ne10, ne10, ne01,
         stride_batch_x, stride_batch_y, ne20*ne21,
         n_as, nei0, nei1, nbi1 / ggml_type_size(ids->type), ne11, padded_n
     );  // NOLINT
+
+    if (x_non_contig || qx_needs_dequant) {
+        ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = true;
+    }
+    if (y_non_contig || quantize_y) {
+        ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync = true;
+    }
+    ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync = true;
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * ids = dst->src[2];
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16((" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << src0->type << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << src1->type << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << ids << ", name=" << ids->name << ", type=" << ids->type << ", ne0=" << ids->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << ids->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << ids->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << ids->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << ids->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << ids->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << ids->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << ids->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << dst->type << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), " << (dryrun ? "dryrun" : "") << ")");
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0) || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);  // NOLINT
+    std::cerr << "))");
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0) || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);  // NOLINT
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1) || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);  // NOLINT
     GGML_ASSERT(ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
 
     const uint64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
-    const uint64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
-    const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+    // const uint64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    // const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
 
     const uint64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne11 = src1->ne[1];
     const uint64_t ne12 = src1->ne[2];
-    const uint64_t ne13 = src1->ne[3];
+    // const uint64_t ne13 = src1->ne[3];
 
     const uint64_t nei0 = ids->ne[0];
     const uint64_t nei1 = ids->ne[1];
-
-    const uint64_t nbi2 = ids->nb[2];
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(nei1 == 1);
+    const uint32_t nbi1 = (uint32_t)(ids->nb[1] / sizeof(int));
 
     const uint64_t ne20 = dst->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne21 = dst->ne[1];
-    const uint64_t ne22 = dst->ne[2];
-    const uint64_t ne23 = dst->ne[3];
-
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src0_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src0->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src1_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src1->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * ids_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)ids->buffer->context;
-
-    vk_buffer d_Qx = nullptr;
-    size_t qx_buf_offset = 0;
-    vk_buffer d_Qy = nullptr;
-    size_t qy_buf_offset = 0;
-    vk_buffer d_ids = nullptr;
-    size_t ids_buf_offset = 0;
-
-    bool src0_uma = false;
-    bool src1_uma = false;
-    bool ids_uma = false;
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src0->data, d_Qx, qx_buf_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src1->data, d_Qy, qy_buf_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, ids->data, d_ids, ids_buf_offset);
-        src0_uma = d_Qx != nullptr;
-        src1_uma = d_Qy != nullptr;
-        ids_uma = d_ids != nullptr;
-    }
+    // const uint64_t ne22 = dst->ne[2];
+    // const uint64_t ne23 = dst->ne[3];
 
     const bool x_non_contig = !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0);
     const bool y_non_contig = !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1);
 
     const bool f16_f32_kernel = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
-
-    const bool qx_needs_dequant = x_non_contig;
-    const bool qy_needs_dequant = (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && !f16_f32_kernel) || y_non_contig;
-
-    // Not implemented
-    GGML_ASSERT(y_non_contig || !qy_needs_dequant);  // NOLINT
-
-    const uint64_t x_ne = ne01 * ne00;
-    const uint64_t y_ne = ne11 * ne10;
-    const uint64_t d_ne = ne21 * ne20;
-
-    const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne / ggml_blck_size(src0->type), ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
-    const uint64_t qy_sz = ggml_type_size(src1->type) * y_ne / ggml_blck_size(src1->type);
-    const uint64_t x_sz = x_non_contig ? ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne, ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) : qx_sz;
-    const uint64_t y_sz = f16_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne;
-    const uint64_t ids_sz = nbi2;
-    const uint64_t d_sz = sizeof(float) * d_ne;
+    bool quantize_y = ctx->device->integer_dot_product && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && !y_non_contig && (ne11 * ne10) % 4 == 0 && ggml_vk_should_use_mmvq(ctx->device, ne01, ne12, ne10, src0->type);
 
     vk_pipeline to_fp16_vk_0 = nullptr;
     vk_pipeline to_fp16_vk_1 = nullptr;
@@ -5782,25 +8484,56 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_conte
     } else {
         to_fp16_vk_1 = ggml_vk_get_to_fp16(ctx, src1->type);
     }
-    vk_pipeline dmmv = ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id(ctx, src0->type, src1->type);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!qx_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_0 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
-    GGML_ASSERT(!qy_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_1 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
-    GGML_ASSERT(dmmv != nullptr);
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        const uint64_t x_sz_upd = x_sz * ne02 * ne03;
-        const uint64_t y_sz_upd = y_sz * ne12 * ne13;
-        if (
-                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size) ||
-                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz_upd > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size)) {
-            GGML_ABORT("Requested preallocation size is too large");
-        }
-        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz_upd;
-        }
-        if (qy_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz_upd) {
-            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz_upd;
-        }
+    // Check for mmq first
+    vk_pipeline dmmv = quantize_y ? ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id(ctx, src0->type, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1, ne20, ne00) : nullptr;
+    vk_pipeline to_q8_1 = nullptr;
+
+    if (dmmv == nullptr) {
+        // Fall back to f16 dequant mul mat
+        dmmv = ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id(ctx, src0->type, src1->type, ne20, ne00);
+        quantize_y = false;
+    }
+
+    if (quantize_y) {
+        to_q8_1 = ggml_vk_get_quantize_pipeline(ctx, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
+    }
+
+    const bool qx_needs_dequant = x_non_contig;
+    const bool qy_needs_dequant = !quantize_y && ((src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && !f16_f32_kernel) || y_non_contig);
+
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
+        dmmv = ggml_vk_get_64b_indexing_pipeline(ctx, dmmv);
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    GGML_ASSERT(y_non_contig || !qy_needs_dequant);  // NOLINT
+    GGML_ASSERT(!qx_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_0 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
+    GGML_ASSERT(!qy_needs_dequant || to_fp16_vk_1 != nullptr);  // NOLINT
+    GGML_ASSERT(dmmv != nullptr);
+
+    const uint64_t x_ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+    const uint64_t y_ne = ggml_nelements(src1);
+
+    const uint64_t qx_sz = ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne / ggml_blck_size(src0->type), ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
+    const uint64_t x_sz = x_non_contig ? ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne, ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) : qx_sz;
+    const uint64_t y_sz = quantize_y ? (ggml_vk_align_size(y_ne, 128) * ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) / ggml_blck_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_1)) :
+                                       (f16_f32_kernel ? sizeof(float) * y_ne : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * y_ne);
+
+    {
+        if (
+                (qx_needs_dequant && x_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) ||
+                (qy_needs_dequant && y_sz > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange)) {
+            GGML_ABORT("Requested preallocation size is too large");
+        }
+        if (qx_needs_dequant && ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        if ((qy_needs_dequant || quantize_y) && ctx->prealloc_size_y < y_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_y = y_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
 
         // Request descriptor sets
         if (qx_needs_dequant) {
@@ -5809,60 +8542,68 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_conte
         if (qy_needs_dequant) {
             ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_fp16_vk_1, 1);
         }
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, dmmv, 1);
-        return;
+        if (quantize_y) {
+            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, to_q8_1, 1);
+        }
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, dmmv, nei1);
     }
 
-    vk_buffer d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-    const uint64_t d_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_D != nullptr);
-    vk_buffer d_X;
-    uint64_t x_buf_offset = 0;
-    vk_buffer d_Y;
-    uint64_t y_buf_offset = 0;
-    if(!src0_uma) {
-        d_Qx = src0_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        qx_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src0) + src0->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Qx != nullptr);
-    }
-    if(!src1_uma) {
-        d_Qy = src1_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        qy_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src1) + src1->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Qy != nullptr);
-    }
-    if(!ids_uma) {
-        d_ids = ids_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        ids_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(ids) + ids->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_ids != nullptr);
-    }
+    vk_subbuffer d_D = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops]);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qx = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+    vk_subbuffer d_Qy = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src1);
+    vk_subbuffer d_ids = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, ids);
+    vk_subbuffer d_F0 = d_D;
+    vk_subbuffer d_X, d_Y;
+
     if (qx_needs_dequant) {
-        d_X = ctx->prealloc_x;
+        d_X = { ctx->prealloc_x, 0, ctx->prealloc_x->size };
     } else {
         d_X = d_Qx;
-        x_buf_offset = qx_buf_offset;
-        GGML_ASSERT(qx_sz == x_sz);
     }
-    if (qy_needs_dequant) {
-        d_Y = ctx->prealloc_y;
+    if (qy_needs_dequant || quantize_y) {
+        d_Y = { ctx->prealloc_y, 0, ctx->prealloc_y->size };
     } else {
         d_Y = d_Qy;
-        y_buf_offset = qy_buf_offset;
-        GGML_ASSERT(qy_sz == y_sz);
+    }
+
+    if (x_non_contig) {
+        if (ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
     }
 
     if (x_non_contig) {
         GGML_ASSERT(x_sz == ggml_vk_align_size(ggml_type_size(src0->type) * x_ne, ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment));
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, { d_Qx, qx_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_X, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_0, src0, d_Qx, d_X);
     }
     if (y_non_contig) {
         GGML_ASSERT(y_sz == ggml_type_size(src1->type) * y_ne);
-        ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, { d_Qy, qy_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE }, { d_Y, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE });
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_fp16_vk_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_cpy_to_contiguous(ctx, subctx, to_fp16_vk_1, src1, d_Qy, d_Y);
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_fp16_vk_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (quantize_y) {
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used != to_q8_1.get() ||
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used != src1) {
+            if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+            ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ctx, subctx, d_Qy, d_Y, y_ne);
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = to_q8_1.get();
+            ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = src1;
+        }
     }
 
     uint32_t stride_batch_y = ne10*ne11;
 
     if (!ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1) && !qy_needs_dequant) {
-        stride_batch_y = src1->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+        stride_batch_y = src1->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     }
 
     const uint32_t max_groups_x = ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[0];
@@ -5875,64 +8616,157 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_conte
         groups_x = CEIL_DIV(groups_x, groups_z);
     }
 
-    // compute
-    const vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants pc = {
-        (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne01,
-        (uint32_t)x_ne, stride_batch_y, (uint32_t)(ne20*ne21),
-        (uint32_t)nei0, (uint32_t)ne11,
-    };
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, dmmv,
-        { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz * ne02 * ne03 },
-        vk_subbuffer{ d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz * ne12 * ne13 }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz * ne22 * ne23}, vk_subbuffer{ d_ids, ids_buf_offset, ids_sz } },
-        pc, { groups_x, (uint32_t)nei0, groups_z });
+    uint32_t fusion_flags = 0;
+
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0) {
+        const ggml_tensor * bias = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1]->src[1];
+
+        d_F0 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+
+        if (cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1]->op == GGML_OP_MUL) {
+            fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE0;
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1]->op == GGML_OP_ADD_ID);
+            fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    vk_subbuffer d_F1 = d_D;
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 1) {
+        const ggml_tensor * scale = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->src[1];
+
+        d_F1 = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, scale);
+        fusion_flags |= MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE1;
+    }
+
+    // Loop over the batch dimension
+    for (uint32_t expert_i1 = 0; expert_i1 < nei1; ++expert_i1) {
+        const vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants pc = {
+            (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)ne01,
+            (uint32_t)(ne00 * ne01), stride_batch_y, (uint32_t)(ne20 * ne21),
+            fusion_flags,
+            (uint32_t)nei0, (uint32_t)ne11, expert_i1, nbi1
+        };
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, dmmv,
+            {
+                d_X,
+                d_Y,
+                d_D,
+                d_F0,
+                d_F1,
+                d_ids,
+            },
+            pc, { groups_x, (uint32_t)nei0, groups_z });
+    }
+
+    if (x_non_contig) {
+        ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = true;
+    }
+    if (y_non_contig || quantize_y) {
+        ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync = true;
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static bool ggml_vk_use_mul_mat_vec_id(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+    return (src2->ne[1] <= 8) && (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_mul_mat_id(" << src0 << ", " << src1 << ", " << src2 << ", " << dst << ")");
-    if (src2->ne[1] == 1 && (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type))) {
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, dst, dryrun);
+    if (ggml_vk_use_mul_mat_vec_id(cgraph, node_idx)) {
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat_vec_id_q_f16(ctx, subctx, cgraph, node_idx);
     } else {
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, dst, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, dst);
     }
 }
 
-static bool ggml_vk_flash_attn_coopmat_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const uint32_t D, bool f32acc) {
+static bool ggml_vk_flash_attn_scalar_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const vk_fa_tuning_params& params, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, bool f32acc) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(f32acc);
+    // Needs to be kept up to date on shader changes
+    const uint32_t wg_size = params.workgroup_size;
+    const uint32_t Br = params.block_rows;
+    const uint32_t Bc = params.block_cols;
+
+    const uint32_t float_type_size = device->fp16 ? sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) : sizeof(float);
+
+    // tmpsh is overestimated slightly
+    const uint32_t tmpsh = wg_size * sizeof(float);
+    const uint32_t tmpshv4 = wg_size * 4 * float_type_size;
+
+    const uint32_t masksh = Bc * (Br + 1) * float_type_size;
+
+    const uint32_t Qf = Br * (hsk / 4 + 1) * 4 * float_type_size;
+
+    const uint32_t D = std::max(hsk, hsv);
+    const uint32_t kvsh = params.shmem_staging ? Bc * (D / 4 + 1) * 4 * float_type_size : 4 * float_type_size;
+
+    const uint32_t total_size = tmpsh + tmpshv4 + masksh + Qf + kvsh;
+    const bool supported = total_size <= device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize;
+
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_flash_attn_scalar_shmem_support(HSK=" << hsk << ", HSV=" << hsv << ", total_size=" << total_size << ", supported=" << supported);
+
+    return supported;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_vk_flash_attn_coopmat_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const vk_fa_tuning_params& params, uint32_t hsk, uint32_t hsv, bool f32acc) {
     // Needs to be kept up to date on shader changes
-    const uint32_t wg_size = scalar_flash_attention_workgroup_size;
-    const uint32_t Br = scalar_flash_attention_num_large_rows;
-    const uint32_t Bc = scalar_flash_attention_Bc;
+    const uint32_t Br = params.block_rows;
+    const uint32_t Bc = params.block_cols;
+
+    const uint32_t MatBr = 16, MatBc = 16;
+
+    const uint32_t row_split = Bc / MatBc;
+
+    const uint32_t hsk_pad = ROUNDUP_POW2(hsk, 16);
+    const uint32_t hsv_pad = ROUNDUP_POW2(hsv, 16);
 
     const uint32_t acctype = f32acc ? 4 : 2;
     const uint32_t f16vec4 = 8;
 
-    const uint32_t tmpsh = wg_size * sizeof(float);
-    const uint32_t tmpshv4 = wg_size * 4 * acctype;
+    const uint32_t tmpsh = (Bc / MatBc) * sizeof(float);
 
-    const uint32_t Qf = Br * (D / 4 + 2) * f16vec4;
+    const uint32_t qstride = hsk_pad / 4 + 2;
+    const uint32_t Qf = Br * qstride * f16vec4;
 
-    const uint32_t sfshstride = (D <= 128) ? (Br + 8) : Br;
+    const uint32_t psh_stride = Br / 4 + 2;
+    const uint32_t Psh = Bc * psh_stride * f16vec4;
+
+    const uint32_t sfshstride = (hsk <= 128) ? (Br + 8) : Br;
     const uint32_t sfsh = Bc * sfshstride * acctype;
 
-    const uint32_t kshstride = D / 4 + 2;
-    const uint32_t ksh = Bc * kshstride * f16vec4;
+    const uint32_t kvshstride = (params.shmem_staging ? std::max(hsk_pad, hsv_pad) : MatBr) / 4 + 2;
+    const uint32_t vsh_stride = MatBc / 4 * row_split;
+    const uint32_t ksh = ((kvshstride >= vsh_stride) ? (Bc * kvshstride) : (Bc * vsh_stride)) * f16vec4;
+
+    const uint32_t osh_stride = params.row_split * MatBr / 4;
+    const uint32_t pvsh = MatBc * osh_stride * f16vec4;
 
-    const uint32_t slope = Br * sizeof(float);
+    const uint32_t slope = Br * acctype;
 
-    const uint32_t total_size = tmpsh + tmpshv4 + Qf + sfsh + ksh + slope;
+    const uint32_t total_size = tmpsh + Qf + Psh + sfsh + ksh + pvsh + slope;
     const bool supported = total_size <= device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize;
 
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_flash_attn_coopmat_shmem_support(D=" << D << ", f32acc=" << f32acc << ", total_size=" << total_size << ", supported=" << supported);
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_flash_attn_coopmat_shmem_support(HSK=" << hsk << ", HSV=" << hsv << ", f32acc=" << f32acc << ", total_size=" << total_size << ", supported=" << supported);
 
     return supported;
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_flash_attn(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * q, const ggml_tensor * k, const ggml_tensor * v, const ggml_tensor * mask, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_flash_attn(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * q, const ggml_tensor * k, const ggml_tensor * v, const ggml_tensor * mask, const ggml_tensor * sinks, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_flash_attn((" << q << ", name=" << q->name << ", type=" << q->type << ", ne0=" << q->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << q->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << q->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << q->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << q->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << q->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << q->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << q->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << k << ", name=" << k->name << ", type=" << k->type << ", ne0=" << k->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << k->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << k->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << k->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << k->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << k->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << k->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << k->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << v << ", name=" << v->name << ", type=" << v->type << ", ne0=" << v->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << v->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << v->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << v->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << v->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << v->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << v->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << v->nb[3];
     std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << dst->type << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), " << (dryrun ? "dryrun" : "") << ")");
+    if (sinks) {
+        std::cerr << "), (" << sinks << ", name=" << sinks->name << ", type=" << sinks->type << ", ne0=" << sinks->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << sinks->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << sinks->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << sinks->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << sinks->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << sinks->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << sinks->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << sinks->nb[3];
+    }
+    std::cerr << "))");
 
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, neq, q,   ne)
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nbq, q,   nb)
@@ -5943,14 +8777,17 @@ static void ggml_vk_flash_attn(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne,  dst, ne)
     GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t,  nb,  dst, nb)
 
+    const uint32_t nem0 = mask ? mask->ne[0] : 0;
     const uint32_t nem1 = mask ? mask->ne[1] : 0;
-    const uint32_t nbm1 = mask ? mask->nb[1] : 0;
+    const uint32_t nem2 = mask ? mask->ne[2] : 0;
+    const uint32_t nem3 = mask ? mask->ne[3] : 0;
 
-    const uint32_t D = neq0;
+    const uint32_t HSK = nek0;
+    const uint32_t HSV = nev0;
     uint32_t N = neq1;
     const uint32_t KV = nek1;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == D);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == HSV);
     GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == N);
 
     // input tensor rows must be contiguous
@@ -5958,12 +8795,9 @@ static void ggml_vk_flash_attn(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     GGML_ASSERT(nbk0 == ggml_type_size(k->type));
     GGML_ASSERT(nbv0 == ggml_type_size(v->type));
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(neq0 == D);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nek0 == D);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nev0 == D);
+    GGML_ASSERT(neq0 == HSK);
 
     GGML_ASSERT(neq1 == N);
-    GGML_ASSERT(nev0 == D);
 
     GGML_ASSERT(nev1 == nek1);
 
@@ -5977,175 +8811,155 @@ static void ggml_vk_flash_attn(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     assert(q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     assert(k->type == v->type);
 
-    FaCodePath path = ctx->device->coopmat2 ? FA_COOPMAT2 :
-                      ctx->device->coopmat1_fa_support ? FA_COOPMAT1 : FA_SCALAR;
-
-    if (path == FA_COOPMAT1) {
-        const bool coopmat_shape_supported = (dst->op_params[3] == GGML_PREC_F32 && ctx->device->coopmat_support_16x16x16_f32acc) ||
-                                             (dst->op_params[3] != GGML_PREC_F32 && ctx->device->coopmat_support_16x16x16_f16acc);
-
-        const bool coopmat_shmem_supported = ggml_vk_flash_attn_coopmat_shmem_support(ctx->device, D, dst->op_params[3] == GGML_PREC_F32);
-
-        if (!coopmat_shape_supported || !coopmat_shmem_supported) {
-            path = FA_SCALAR;
-        }
-    }
-
     uint32_t gqa_ratio = 1;
     uint32_t qk_ratio = neq2 / nek2;
     uint32_t workgroups_x = (uint32_t)neq1;
     uint32_t workgroups_y = (uint32_t)neq2;
     uint32_t workgroups_z = (uint32_t)neq3;
 
+    const bool f32acc = !ctx->device->fp16 || dst->op_params[3] == GGML_PREC_F32;
+
     // For scalar/coopmat1 FA, we can use the "large" size to accommodate qga.
     // For coopmat2 FA, we always use the small size (which is still pretty large for gqa).
-    uint32_t max_gqa;
-    switch (path) {
-    case FA_SCALAR:
-    case FA_COOPMAT1:
-        // We may switch from coopmat1 to scalar, so use the scalar limit for both
-        max_gqa = scalar_flash_attention_num_large_rows;
-        break;
-    case FA_COOPMAT2:
-        max_gqa = get_fa_num_small_rows(FA_COOPMAT2);
-        break;
-    default:
-        GGML_ASSERT(0);
-    }
+    vk_fa_tuning_params tuning_params = get_fa_tuning_params(ctx->device, HSK, HSV, 512, KV, k->type, f32acc);
+    const uint32_t max_gqa = std::min(tuning_params.block_rows, 32u);
 
-    if (N == 1 && qk_ratio > 1 && qk_ratio <= max_gqa &&
-        qk_ratio * nek2 == neq2 && nek2 == nev2 && neq3 == 1 && nek3 == 1 && nev3 == 1) {
+    if (N <= 8 && qk_ratio > 1 && qk_ratio <= max_gqa &&
+        qk_ratio * nek2 == neq2 && nek2 == nev2 && nem2 <= 1) {
         // grouped query attention - make the N dimension equal to gqa_ratio, reduce
         // workgroups proportionally in y dimension. The shader will detect gqa_ratio > 1
         // and change addressing calculations to index Q's dimension 2.
         gqa_ratio = qk_ratio;
         N = gqa_ratio;
-        workgroups_y /= N;
+        workgroups_y /= gqa_ratio;
     }
 
-    vk_pipeline *pipelines;
-    bool small_rows = N <= get_fa_num_small_rows(path);
+    tuning_params = get_fa_tuning_params(ctx->device, HSK, HSV, N, KV, k->type, f32acc);
 
-    // coopmat1 does not actually support "small rows" (it needs 16 rows).
-    // So use scalar instead.
-    if (small_rows && path == FA_COOPMAT1) {
-        path = FA_SCALAR;
+    const uint32_t q_stride = (uint32_t)(nbq1 / ggml_type_size(q->type));
+    uint32_t k_stride = (uint32_t)(nbk1 / ggml_type_size(k->type));
+    uint32_t v_stride = (uint32_t)(nbv1 / ggml_type_size(v->type));
+
+    // For F32, the shader treats it as a block of size 4 (for vec4 loads)
+    if (k->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        k_stride /= 4;
+    }
+    if (v->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        v_stride /= 4;
     }
 
-    // scalar is faster than coopmat2 when N==1
-    if (N == 1 && path == FA_COOPMAT2) {
-        path = FA_SCALAR;
+    const uint32_t alignment = tuning_params.block_cols;
+    bool aligned = (KV % alignment) == 0 &&
+                   // the "aligned" shader variant will forcibly align strides, for performance
+                   (q_stride & 7) == 0 && (k_stride & 7) == 0 && (v_stride & 7) == 0;
+
+    // Need to use the coopmat2 variant that clamps loads when HSK/HSV aren't sufficiently aligned.
+    if (((HSK | HSV) % 16) != 0 && tuning_params.path == FA_COOPMAT2) {
+        aligned = false;
     }
 
-    bool f32acc = path == FA_SCALAR || dst->op_params[3] == GGML_PREC_F32;
+    float scale         = 1.0f;
+    float max_bias      = 0.0f;
+    float logit_softcap = 0.0f;
 
-    switch (path) {
-    case FA_SCALAR:
-        switch (D) {
-        case 64: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D64[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 80: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D80[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 96: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D96[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 112: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D112[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 128: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D128[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 256: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D256[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        default:
-            GGML_ASSERT(!"unsupported D value");
-            return;
-        }
-        break;
-    case FA_COOPMAT1:
-        switch (D) {
-        case 64: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D64_cm1[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 80: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D80_cm1[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 96: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D96_cm1[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 112: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D112_cm1[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 128: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D128_cm1[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 256: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D256_cm1[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        default:
-            GGML_ASSERT(!"unsupported D value");
-            return;
-        }
-        break;
-    case FA_COOPMAT2:
-        switch (D) {
-        case 64: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D64_cm2[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 80: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D80_cm2[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 96: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D96_cm2[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 112: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D112_cm2[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 128: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D128_cm2[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        case 256: pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16_D256_cm2[k->type][f32acc][small_rows][0]; break;
-        default:
-            GGML_ASSERT(!"unsupported D value");
-            return;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        GGML_ASSERT(0);
+    memcpy(&scale,         (const float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&max_bias,      (const float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (logit_softcap != 0) {
+        scale /= logit_softcap;
     }
-    assert(pipelines);
 
-    const uint32_t q_stride = (uint32_t)(nbq1 / ggml_type_size(q->type));
-    const uint32_t k_stride = (uint32_t)(nbk1 / ggml_type_size(k->type));
-    const uint32_t v_stride = (uint32_t)(nbv1 / ggml_type_size(v->type));
+    // Only use mask opt when the mask is fairly large. This hasn't been tuned extensively.
+    bool use_mask_opt = mask && nem1 >= 32 && nem0 * nem1 > 32768 && nem0 >= tuning_params.block_cols * 16;
+    vk_fa_pipeline_state fa_pipeline_state = get_fa_pipeline_state(ctx->device, tuning_params, HSK, HSV, aligned, f32acc,
+                                                                   mask != nullptr, use_mask_opt, logit_softcap != 0);
 
-    bool aligned = (KV % pipelines[1]->align) == 0 &&
-                   // the "aligned" shader variant will forcibly align strides, for performance
-                   (q_stride & 7) == 0 && (k_stride & 7) == 0 && (v_stride & 7) == 0;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = nullptr;
 
-    // mask dim1 is padded to 64, we rely on this to avoid clamping mask loads
-    GGML_ASSERT((nem1 % GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD) == 0);
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(ctx->device->mutex);
+        auto &pipelines = ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_f32_f16[k->type];
+        auto it = pipelines.find(fa_pipeline_state);
+        if (it != pipelines.end()) {
+            pipeline = it->second;
+        } else {
+            pipelines[fa_pipeline_state] = pipeline = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
+        }
+    }
 
-    vk_pipeline pipeline = pipelines[aligned];
     assert(pipeline);
+    // Compile early to initialize wg_denoms.
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
 
     uint32_t split_kv = KV;
     uint32_t split_k = 1;
 
+    // Intel Alchemist prefers more workgroups
+    const uint32_t shader_core_count_multiplier = (ctx->device->vendor_id == VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL && ctx->device->architecture != INTEL_XE2) ? 2 : 1;
+
     // Use a placeholder core count if one isn't available. split_k is a big help for perf.
-    const uint32_t shader_core_count = ctx->device->shader_core_count ? ctx->device->shader_core_count : 16;
+    const uint32_t shader_core_count = ctx->device->shader_core_count ? ctx->device->shader_core_count * shader_core_count_multiplier : 16;
 
-    // Try to use split_k when KV is large enough to be worth the overhead
-    if (workgroups_x == 1 && shader_core_count > 0 && KV >= 512) {
-        // Try to run two workgroups per SM.
-        split_k = ctx->device->shader_core_count * 2 / workgroups_y;
-        if (split_k > 1) {
-            // Try to evenly split KV into split_k chunks, but it needs to be a multiple
-            // of "align", so recompute split_k based on that.
-            split_kv = ROUNDUP_POW2(KV / split_k, pipelines[1]->align);
-            split_k = CEIL_DIV(KV, split_kv);
-            workgroups_x = split_k;
+    const uint32_t Br = fa_pipeline_state.Br;
+    const uint32_t Bc = fa_pipeline_state.Bc;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(Br == pipeline->wg_denoms[0]);
+    const uint32_t Tr = CEIL_DIV(N, Br);
+
+    // Try to use split_k when KV is large enough to be worth the overhead.
+    if (gqa_ratio > 1 && workgroups_x <= Br) {
+        split_k = shader_core_count * 2 / (workgroups_x * workgroups_y * workgroups_z);
+    } else if (gqa_ratio <= 1) {
+        uint32_t total_wgs_no_split = Tr * workgroups_y * workgroups_z;
+        if (total_wgs_no_split < shader_core_count * 2) {
+            split_k = shader_core_count * 2 / total_wgs_no_split;
         }
     }
 
-    // Reserve space for split_k temporaries. For each split, we need to store the O matrix (D x ne1)
-    // and the per-row m and L values (ne1 rows).
-    const uint64_t split_k_size = split_k > 1 ? (D * ne1 * sizeof(float) + ne1 * sizeof(float) * 2) * split_k : 0;
-    if (split_k_size > ctx->device->max_memory_allocation_size) {
+    if (split_k > 1) {
+        // Try to evenly split KV into split_k chunks, but it needs to be a multiple
+        // of "align", so recompute split_k based on that.
+        split_kv = ROUNDUP_POW2(std::max(1u, KV / split_k), alignment);
+        split_k = CEIL_DIV(KV, split_kv);
+    }
+
+    // Reserve space for split_k temporaries. For each split x batch, we need to store the O matrix (D x ne1)
+    // and the per-row m and L values (ne1 rows). We store all the matrices first, followed by the rows.
+    // For matrices, the order is (inner to outer) [HSV, ne1, k, ne2, ne3].
+    // For L/M, the order is (inner to outer) [ne1, k, ne2, ne3].
+    const uint64_t split_k_size = split_k > 1 ? (HSV * ne1 * sizeof(float) + ne1 * sizeof(float) * 2) * split_k * ne2 * ne3 : 0;
+    if (split_k_size > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
         GGML_ABORT("Requested preallocation size is too large");
     }
     if (ctx->prealloc_size_split_k < split_k_size) {
         ctx->prealloc_size_split_k = split_k_size;
+        ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
     }
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        // Request descriptor sets
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
-        if (split_k > 1) {
-            ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_split_k_reduce, 1);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    float scale         = 1.0f;
-    float max_bias      = 0.0f;
-    float logit_softcap = 0.0f;
+    const uint32_t mask_opt_num_dwords = CEIL_DIV(nem0, 16 * Bc);
+    const uint64_t mask_opt_size = sizeof(uint32_t) * mask_opt_num_dwords * CEIL_DIV(nem1, Br) * nem2 * nem3;
 
-    memcpy(&scale,         (const float *) dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&max_bias,      (const float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_fa_mask_opt = nullptr;
+    if (use_mask_opt) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(ctx->device->mutex);
+        auto &pipelines = ctx->device->pipeline_fa_mask_opt;
+        auto it = pipelines.find({Br, Bc});
+        if (it != pipelines.end()) {
+            pipeline_fa_mask_opt = it->second;
+        } else {
+            pipelines[{Br, Bc}] = pipeline_fa_mask_opt = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
+        }
+        assert(pipeline_fa_mask_opt);
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline_fa_mask_opt, 1);
 
-    if (logit_softcap != 0) {
-        scale /= logit_softcap;
+        if (ctx->prealloc_size_y < mask_opt_size) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_y = mask_opt_size;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        if (ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
     }
 
     const uint32_t n_head_kv   = neq2;
@@ -6153,57 +8967,34 @@ static void ggml_vk_flash_attn(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
     const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
 
-    vk_buffer d_Q = nullptr, d_K = nullptr, d_V = nullptr, d_D = nullptr, d_M = nullptr;
-    size_t q_buf_offset = 0, k_buf_offset = 0, v_buf_offset = 0, d_buf_offset = 0, m_buf_offset = 0;
-
-    bool Q_uma = false, K_uma = false, V_uma = false, D_uma = false, M_uma = false;
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, q->data, d_Q, q_buf_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, k->data, d_K, k_buf_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, v->data, d_V, v_buf_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, dst->data, d_D, d_buf_offset);
-        Q_uma = d_Q != nullptr;
-        K_uma = d_K != nullptr;
-        V_uma = d_V != nullptr;
-        D_uma = d_D != nullptr;
-        if (mask) {
-            ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, mask->data, d_M, m_buf_offset);
-            M_uma = d_M != nullptr;
-        }
-    }
+    vk_subbuffer q_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, q);
+    vk_subbuffer k_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, k);
+    vk_subbuffer v_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, v);
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+    vk_subbuffer mask_buf = mask ? ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, mask) : q_buf;
+    vk_subbuffer sinks_buf = sinks ? ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, sinks) : q_buf;
+    vk_subbuffer mask_opt_buf = use_mask_opt ? ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, ctx->prealloc_y, 0) : q_buf;
 
+    uint32_t mask_n_head_log2 = ((sinks != nullptr) << 24) | n_head_log2;
 
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * d_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * q_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)q->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * k_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)k->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * v_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)v->buffer->context;
-
-    if (!Q_uma) {
-        d_Q = q_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        q_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(q) + q->view_offs;
-    }
-    if (!K_uma) {
-        d_K = k_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        k_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(k) + k->view_offs;
-    }
-    if (!V_uma) {
-        d_V = v_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        v_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(v) + v->view_offs;
-    }
-    if (!D_uma) {
-        d_D = d_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        d_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
-    }
+    if (use_mask_opt)
+    {
+        const vk_op_flash_attn_mask_opt_push_constants opt_pc = {
+            nem0,
+            nem1,
+            nem2,
+            (uint32_t)(mask->nb[1] / sizeof(ggml_fp16_t)),
+            (uint32_t)(mask->nb[2] / sizeof(ggml_fp16_t)),
+            (uint32_t)(mask->nb[3] / sizeof(ggml_fp16_t)),
+            mask_opt_num_dwords,
+            mask_opt_num_dwords * CEIL_DIV(nem1, Br),
+            mask_opt_num_dwords * CEIL_DIV(nem1, Br) * nem2,
+        };
 
-    if (!M_uma) {
-        d_M = d_Q;
-        m_buf_offset = q_buf_offset;
-        if (mask) {
-            ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * m_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context*)mask->buffer->context;
-            d_M = m_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-            m_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(mask) + mask->view_offs;
-        }
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline_fa_mask_opt,
+                                  { mask_buf, mask_opt_buf }, opt_pc,
+                                  { mask_opt_num_dwords, CEIL_DIV(nem1, Br), nem2 * nem3 });
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
     }
 
     const vk_flash_attn_push_constants pc = { N, KV,
@@ -6211,57 +9002,81 @@ static void ggml_vk_flash_attn(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
                                               (uint32_t)neq2, (uint32_t)neq3,
                                               (uint32_t)nek2, (uint32_t)nek3,
                                               (uint32_t)nev2, (uint32_t)nev3,
-                                              nem1,
+                                              nem1, nem2, nem3,
                                               q_stride, (uint32_t)nbq2, (uint32_t)nbq3,
                                               k_stride, (uint32_t)nbk2, (uint32_t)nbk3,
                                               v_stride, (uint32_t)nbv2, (uint32_t)nbv3,
-                                              nbm1,
                                               scale, max_bias, logit_softcap,
-                                              mask != nullptr, n_head_log2, m0, m1,
+                                              mask_n_head_log2, m0, m1,
                                               gqa_ratio, split_kv, split_k };
 
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-
     if (split_k > 1) {
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_split_k_reduce, 1);
+
+        if (ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+
+        // We reuse workgroups_x to mean the number of splits, so we need to
+        // cancel out the divide by wg_denoms[0].
+        uint32_t dispatch_x;
+        if (gqa_ratio > 1) {
+            workgroups_x *= pipeline->wg_denoms[0];
+            dispatch_x = split_k * workgroups_x;
+        } else {
+            dispatch_x = Tr * split_k * pipeline->wg_denoms[0];
+        }
+
+        vk_subbuffer split_k_buf = ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, ctx->prealloc_split_k, 0);
         ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
-                                    {
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_Q, q_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_K, k_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_V, v_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_M, m_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{ctx->prealloc_split_k, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                    },
-                                    // We only use split_k when group query attention is enabled, which means
-                                    // there's no more than one tile of rows (i.e. workgroups_x would have been
-                                    // one). We reuse workgroups_x to mean the number of splits, so we need to
-                                    // cancel out the divide by wg_denoms[0].
-                                    pc, { workgroups_x * pipeline->wg_denoms[0], workgroups_y, workgroups_z });
-
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        const std::array<uint32_t, 3> pc2 = { D, (uint32_t)ne1, split_k };
+                                    {q_buf, k_buf, v_buf, mask_buf, sinks_buf, split_k_buf, mask_opt_buf},
+                                    pc, { dispatch_x, workgroups_y, workgroups_z });
+
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        const vk_op_flash_attn_split_k_reduce_push_constants pc2 = { HSV, (uint32_t)ne1, (uint32_t)ne2, (uint32_t)ne3, split_k, (sinks != nullptr) };
         ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, ctx->device->pipeline_flash_attn_split_k_reduce,
-                                    {
-                                        vk_subbuffer{ctx->prealloc_split_k, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_D, d_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                    },
-                                    pc2, { (uint32_t)ne1, 1, 1 });
+                                    {split_k_buf, sinks_buf, dst_buf},
+                                    pc2, { (uint32_t)ne1, HSV, (uint32_t)(ne2 * ne3) });
+        ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync = true;
     } else {
+        if (gqa_ratio > 1) {
+            // When using gqa, we want one actual workgroup per batch, so cancel out wg_denoms
+            workgroups_x *= pipeline->wg_denoms[0];
+        }
         ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
-                                    {
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_Q, q_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_K, k_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_V, v_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_M, m_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                        vk_subbuffer{d_D, d_buf_offset, VK_WHOLE_SIZE},
-                                    },
+                                    {q_buf, k_buf, v_buf, mask_buf, sinks_buf, dst_buf, mask_opt_buf},
                                     pc, { workgroups_x, workgroups_y, workgroups_z });
     }
 }
 
-static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_op op) {
+static vk_conv_shapes ggml_vk_conv_select_shape(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, uint32_t K, uint32_t NPQ) {
+    auto n_tiles = [&](vk_conv_shapes s) {
+        return CEIL_DIV(K, vk_conv_block_sizes[s].K)
+            * CEIL_DIV(NPQ, vk_conv_block_sizes[s].NPQ);
+    };
+
+    // We can't query number of shader cores on Intel, use 32 as a placeholder
+    // so small convolutions will still choose a smaller tile.
+    const uint32_t shader_core_count = ctx->device->shader_core_count > 0 ? ctx->device->shader_core_count : 32;
+
+    if (K > 64 && n_tiles(CONV_SHAPE_128x128) >= shader_core_count * 2) {
+        return CONV_SHAPE_128x128;
+    } else if (K <= 32 && n_tiles(CONV_SHAPE_32x256) >= shader_core_count * 2) {
+        return CONV_SHAPE_32x256;
+    } else {
+        return CONV_SHAPE_64x32;
+    }
+}
+
+static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_op op) {
     switch (op) {
     case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
         GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+            // i32 src only supports i32 result
+            GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_get_rows[src0->type];
+        }
         if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_get_rows[src0->type];
         }
@@ -6274,6 +9089,12 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             return ctx->device->pipeline_acc_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_SET:
+        if (src0->type == src1->type && src0->type == dst->type &&
+            (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32)) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_set_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_ADD:
     case GGML_OP_SUB:
     case GGML_OP_MUL:
@@ -6286,8 +9107,20 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
         switch (op) {
         case GGML_OP_ADD:
         {
-            auto pipelines = ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1) ? ctx->device->pipeline_add_norepeat : ctx->device->pipeline_add;
-            return pipelines[src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16][src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16][dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0) {
+                if (ctx->do_add_rms_partials) {
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_multi_add_rms[ctx->num_additional_fused_ops];
+                } else {
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_multi_add[ctx->num_additional_fused_ops];
+                }
+            }
+            if (ctx->do_add_rms_partials) {
+                auto pipelines = ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1) ? ctx->device->pipeline_add_rms_norepeat : ctx->device->pipeline_add_rms;
+                return pipelines[src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16][src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16][dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            } else {
+                auto pipelines = ggml_are_same_shape(src0, src1) ? ctx->device->pipeline_add_norepeat : ctx->device->pipeline_add;
+                return pipelines[src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16][src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16][dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            }
         }
         case GGML_OP_SUB:
         {
@@ -6308,6 +9141,11 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             break;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src2->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_add_id_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_concat_f32;
@@ -6320,8 +9158,20 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
         }
         return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST) {
-            return ctx->device->pipeline_upscale_f32;
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            uint32_t mode = (ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0) & (0xFF | GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS));
+            switch (mode) {
+                case GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST:
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_upscale_nearest_f32;
+                case GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR:
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_upscale_bilinear_f32;
+                case GGML_SCALE_MODE_BICUBIC:
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_upscale_bicubic_f32;
+                case GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR | GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS:
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_upscale_bilinear_antialias_f32;
+                default:
+                    return nullptr;
+            }
         }
         return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_SCALE:
@@ -6334,6 +9184,11 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             return ctx->device->pipeline_sqr_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_sqrt_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_SIN:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_sin_f32;
@@ -6344,6 +9199,24 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             return ctx->device->pipeline_cos_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_LOG:
+        if (src0->type == dst->type &&
+            (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_log[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_TRI:
+        if (src0->type == dst->type &&
+            (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_tri[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+        if (src0->type == dst->type &&
+            (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_diag[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_clamp_f32;
@@ -6354,6 +9227,11 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             return ctx->device->pipeline_pad_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_roll_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
         if (ggml_type_size(src0->type) == sizeof(float) && ggml_type_size(dst->type) == sizeof(float)) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_repeat_f32;
@@ -6368,7 +9246,13 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
     case GGML_OP_CONT:
     case GGML_OP_DUP:
         return ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline(ctx, src0, dst, dst->type);
-    case GGML_OP_SILU_BACK:
+    case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+        if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_set_rows_i64[dst->type];
+        } else {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_set_rows_i32[dst->type];
+        }
+    case GGML_OP_SILU_BACK:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_silu_back_f32;
         }
@@ -6385,7 +9269,11 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
         return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            return ctx->device->pipeline_rms_norm_f32;
+            if (ctx->do_add_rms_partials) {
+                return ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0 ? ctx->device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_partials_f32 : ctx->device->pipeline_rms_norm_partials_f32;
+            } else {
+                return ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0 ? ctx->device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_f32 : ctx->device->pipeline_rms_norm_f32;
+            }
         }
         return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
@@ -6406,18 +9294,72 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
         }
 
         switch (ggml_get_unary_op(dst)) {
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_exp[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_elu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
             case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
                 return ctx->device->pipeline_silu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
             case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
                 return ctx->device->pipeline_gelu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_gelu_erf[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
             case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
                 return ctx->device->pipeline_gelu_quick[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
             case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
                 return ctx->device->pipeline_relu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_xielu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_neg[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
             case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
                 return ctx->device->pipeline_tanh[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
             case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
                 return ctx->device->pipeline_sigmoid[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_hardsigmoid[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_hardswish[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_abs[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_softplus[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_step[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_round[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_ceil[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_floor[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_trunc[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_sgn[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_GLU:
+        if ((src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
+            (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
+            (src0->type != dst->type)) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        switch (ggml_get_glu_op(dst)) {
+            case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_geglu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_reglu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_swiglu[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_swiglu_oai[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_geglu_erf[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
+            case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_geglu_quick[dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16];
             default:
                 break;
         }
@@ -6429,6 +9371,15 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
         return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
         GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        GGML_ASSERT(!src2 || src2->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+        if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops) {
+            uint32_t idx = (uint32_t)ceilf(log2f(float(dst->ne[0])));
+            GGML_ASSERT(idx < num_topk_moe_pipelines);
+            // use n_experts from push constant if it's not equal to the power of two spec constant
+            bool use_push = dst->ne[0] != (1u << idx);
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_topk_moe[idx][use_push];
+        }
 
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (src1 == nullptr || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return src0->ne[0] > 1024 ? ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_wg512 : ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_f32;
@@ -6445,7 +9396,8 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
     case GGML_OP_ROPE:
     case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
         {
-            const int mode = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
+            const ggml_tensor *rope = ctx->num_additional_fused_ops == 2 ? dst->src[0]->src[0] : dst;
+            const int mode = ((const int32_t *) rope->op_params)[2];
             const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
             const bool is_mrope = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
             const bool is_vision = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION;
@@ -6454,6 +9406,9 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
                 if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
                     return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_neox_f32;
                 }
+                if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_neox_f32_f16;
+                }
                 if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
                     return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_neox_f16;
                 }
@@ -6461,6 +9416,9 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
                 if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
                     return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_multi_f32;
                 }
+                if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_multi_f32_f16;
+                }
                 if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
                     return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_multi_f16;
                 }
@@ -6475,23 +9433,51 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
                 if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
                     return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_norm_f32;
                 }
+                if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_norm_f32_f16;
+                }
                 if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
                     return ctx->device->pipeline_rope_norm_f16;
                 }
             }
             return nullptr;
         }
-    case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
-            return ctx->device->pipeline_argsort_f32;
-        }
-        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_SUM:
     case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+    case GGML_OP_MEAN:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_sum_rows_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            if (src0->ne[0] <= 512) {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_cumsum_small_f32;
+            } else {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_cumsum_f32;
+            }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+
+            vk_solve_tri_pipeline_state solve_tri_pipeline_state(src0->ne[0], src1->ne[0]);
+
+            vk_pipeline pipeline = nullptr;
+
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(ctx->device->mutex);
+                auto it = ctx->device->pipeline_solve_tri_f32.find(solve_tri_pipeline_state);
+                if (it != ctx->device->pipeline_solve_tri_f32.end()) {
+                    pipeline = it->second;
+                } else {
+                    ctx->device->pipeline_solve_tri_f32[solve_tri_pipeline_state] = pipeline = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return pipeline;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_argmax_f32;
@@ -6510,6 +9496,14 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             return ctx->device->pipeline_im2col_f32_f16;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+        if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_im2col_3d_f32;
+        }
+        if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_im2col_3d_f32_f16;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_timestep_embedding_f32;
@@ -6535,16 +9529,98 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             return ctx->device->pipeline_rwkv_wkv7_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            const uint32_t S_v = dst->src[2]->ne[0];
+            const uint32_t kda = (dst->src[3]->ne[0] == (int64_t)S_v) ? 1 : 0;
+            uint32_t si;
+            switch (S_v) {
+                case 32:  si = 0; break;
+                case 64:  si = 1; break;
+                case 128: si = 2; break;
+                default: return nullptr;
+            }
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_gated_delta_net[si][kda];
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            const uint32_t d_state = src0->ne[0];
+            if (d_state == 128) {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d128;
+            } else if (d_state == 256) {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_ssm_scan_f32_d256;
+            }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_ssm_conv_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_opt_step_adamw_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_opt_step_sgd_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_leaky_relu_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+    case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
+        if (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            uint32_t K = dst->ne[2]; // Cout
+            uint32_t NPQ = dst->ne[3] * dst->ne[1] * dst->ne[0]; // N * OH * OW
+            vk_conv_shapes shape = ggml_vk_conv_select_shape(ctx, K, NPQ);
+
+            bool transpose = dst->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D;
+            uint32_t KW = (uint32_t)src0->ne[0];
+            uint32_t KH = (uint32_t)src0->ne[1];
+            uint32_t s0 = (uint32_t)(ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0));
+            uint32_t s1 = !transpose ? (uint32_t)ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1) : s0;
+            uint32_t p0 = !transpose ? (uint32_t)ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 2) : 0;
+            uint32_t p1 = !transpose ? (uint32_t)ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 3) : 0;
+            uint32_t d0 = !transpose ? (uint32_t)ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 4) : 1;
+            uint32_t d1 = !transpose ? (uint32_t)ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 5) : 1;
+            vk_conv2d_pipeline_state conv2d_pipeline_state(s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, KW, KH);
+
+            std::map<vk_conv2d_pipeline_state, vk_pipeline> *pipelines = nullptr;
+            if (op == GGML_OP_CONV_2D) {
+                if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_conv2d_f32[shape];
+                } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_conv2d_f16_f32[shape];
+                }
+            } else if (op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D) {
+                if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_conv_transpose_2d_f32[shape];
+                } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                    pipelines = &ctx->device->pipeline_conv_transpose_2d_f16_f32[shape];
+                }
+            }
+
+            vk_pipeline pipeline = nullptr;
+
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(ctx->device->mutex);
+                auto it = pipelines->find(conv2d_pipeline_state);
+                if (it != pipelines->end()) {
+                    pipeline = it->second;
+                } else {
+                    (*pipelines)[conv2d_pipeline_state] = pipeline = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return pipeline;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
     case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
         if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             if (ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
@@ -6552,6 +9628,33 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
             } else if (ggml_is_contiguous_channels(src1)) {
                 return ctx->device->pipeline_conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32;
             }
+        } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            if (ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_conv2d_dw_whcn_f16_f32;
+            } else if (ggml_is_contiguous_channels(src1)) {
+                return ctx->device->pipeline_conv2d_dw_cwhn_f16_f32;
+            }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_ADD1:
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_add1_f16_f16;
+        }
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_add1_f16_f32;
+        }
+        if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_add1_f32_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+        if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_arange_f32;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    case GGML_OP_FILL:
+        if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_fill_f32;
         }
         return nullptr;
     default:
@@ -6561,52 +9664,29 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
     GGML_UNUSED(src2);
 }
 
-static bool ggml_vk_op_supports_incontiguous(ggml_op op) {
-    switch (op) {
-    case GGML_OP_CPY:
-    case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-    case GGML_OP_ADD:
-    case GGML_OP_SUB:
-    case GGML_OP_MUL:
-    case GGML_OP_DIV:
-    case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-    case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-    case GGML_OP_SQR:
-    case GGML_OP_SIN:
-    case GGML_OP_COS:
-    case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-    case GGML_OP_PAD:
-    case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-    case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-    case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
-    case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-        return true;
-    default:
-        return false;
-    }
-}
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_unary_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t a_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-static uint32_t get_misalign_bytes(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor * t)
-{
-    return ((vk_tensor_offset(t) + t->view_offs) & (ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1));;
+    p.misalign_offsets = (a_offset << 16) | d_offset;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(src1);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
 }
 
-template <typename T> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, T &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(p);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src0);
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t a_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    p.misalign_offsets = (a_offset << 16) | d_offset;
+
     GGML_UNUSED(src1);
     GGML_UNUSED(src2);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
-    static_assert(!std::is_const<T>::value, "unexpected type");
-    GGML_ASSERT(!src0 || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src0) == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src1) == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!src2 || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src2) == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(!dst  || get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) == 0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
 }
 
-template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_unary_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_pad_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t a_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
@@ -6614,9 +9694,21 @@ template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk
 
     GGML_UNUSED(src1);
     GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
+}
+
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_im2col_3d_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t a_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    p.misalign_offsets = (a_offset << 16) | d_offset;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(src0);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
 }
 
-template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_binary_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_binary_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t a_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t b_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
@@ -6626,9 +9718,10 @@ template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk
     p.misalign_offsets = (a_offset << 16) | (b_offset << 8) | d_offset;
 
     GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
 }
 
-template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_upscale_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_op_upscale_push_constants &p, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t a_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t d_offset = get_misalign_bytes(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
@@ -6637,10 +9730,11 @@ template <> void init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk
 
     GGML_UNUSED(src1);
     GGML_UNUSED(src2);
+    GGML_UNUSED(src3);
 }
 
 template<typename PC>
-static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_op op, PC&& pc, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, const ggml_tensor * src3, ggml_tensor * dst, ggml_op op, PC&& pc) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_op_f32((" << src0 << ", name=" << src0->name << ", type=" << src0->type << ", ne0=" << src0->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src0->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src0->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src0->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src0->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src0->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src0->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src0->nb[3];
     if (src1 != nullptr) {
         std::cerr << "), (" << src1 << ", name=" << src1->name << ", type=" << src1->type << ", ne0=" << src1->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src1->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src1->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src1->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src1->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src1->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src1->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src1->nb[3];
@@ -6648,37 +9742,26 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
     if (src2 != nullptr) {
         std::cerr << "), (" << src2 << ", name=" << src2->name << ", type=" << src2->type << ", ne0=" << src2->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src2->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src2->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src2->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src2->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src2->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src2->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src2->nb[3];
     }
+    if (src3 != nullptr) {
+        std::cerr << "), (" << src3 << ", name=" << src3->name << ", type=" << src3->type << ", ne0=" << src3->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << src3->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << src3->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << src3->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << src3->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << src3->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << src3->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << src3->nb[3];
+    }
     std::cerr << "), (" << dst << ", name=" << dst->name << ", type=" << dst->type << ", ne0=" << dst->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << dst->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << dst->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << dst->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << dst->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << dst->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << dst->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << dst->nb[3];
-    std::cerr << "), " << ggml_op_name(op) << ", " << (dryrun ? "dryrun" : "") << ")");
+    std::cerr << "), " << ggml_op_name(op) << ")");
     GGML_ASSERT(op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS || op == GGML_OP_CPY || (!ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && (src1 == nullptr || !ggml_is_quantized(src1->type))));  // NOLINT
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_vk_op_supports_incontiguous(op) || ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0));  // NOLINT
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->buffer != nullptr);
     const uint64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
     const uint64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const uint64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
     const uint64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
-    const uint64_t ne0 = ne00 * ne01;
 
     const bool use_src1 = src1 != nullptr;
     const uint64_t ne10 = use_src1 ? src1->ne[0] : 0;
     const uint64_t ne11 = use_src1 ? src1->ne[1] : 0;
     const uint64_t ne12 = use_src1 ? src1->ne[2] : 0;
     const uint64_t ne13 = use_src1 ? src1->ne[3] : 0;
-    const uint64_t ne1 = ne10 * ne11;
-    // const uint64_t nb10 = use_src1 ? src1->nb[0] : 0;
 
     const bool use_src2 = src2 != nullptr;
-    const uint64_t ne20 = use_src2 ? src2->ne[0] : 0;
-    const uint64_t ne21 = use_src2 ? src2->ne[1] : 0;
-    const uint64_t ne22 = use_src2 ? src2->ne[2] : 0;
-    const uint64_t ne23 = use_src2 ? src2->ne[3] : 0;
-    const uint64_t ne2 = ne20 * ne21;
-
-    const uint64_t ned0 = dst->ne[0];
-    const uint64_t ned1 = dst->ne[1];
-    const uint64_t ned2 = dst->ne[2];
-    const uint64_t ned3 = dst->ne[3];
-    const uint64_t ned = ned0 * ned1;
+    const bool use_src3 = src3 != nullptr;
 
     init_pushconst_fastdiv(pc);
 
@@ -6693,103 +9776,19 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const bool op_supports_incontiguous = ggml_vk_op_supports_incontiguous(op);
-
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src0_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src0->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src1_buf_ctx = use_src1 ? (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src1->buffer->context : nullptr;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src2_buf_ctx = use_src2 ? (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src2->buffer->context : nullptr;
-
-    vk_buffer d_X = nullptr;
-    size_t x_buf_offset = 0;
-    vk_buffer d_Y = nullptr;
-    size_t y_buf_offset = 0;
-    vk_buffer d_Z = nullptr;
-    size_t z_buf_offset = 0;
-
-    bool src0_uma = false;
-    bool src1_uma = false;
-    bool src2_uma = false;
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src0->data, d_X, x_buf_offset);
-        src0_uma = d_X != nullptr;
-        if (use_src1) {
-            ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src1->data, d_Y, y_buf_offset);
-            src1_uma = d_Y != nullptr;
-        }
-        if (use_src2) {
-            ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src2->data, d_Z, z_buf_offset);
-            src2_uma = d_Z != nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-
-    uint64_t x_sz = ggml_type_size(src0->type)/ggml_blck_size(src0->type) * ne0;
-    uint64_t y_sz = use_src1 ? ggml_type_size(src1->type) * ne1 : 0;
-    uint64_t z_sz = use_src2 ? ggml_type_size(src2->type) * ne2 : 0;
-    uint64_t d_sz = ggml_type_size(dst->type) * ned;
-
-    vk_buffer d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-
-    // Workaround for tiny tensor inputs on ROPE
-    if (op == GGML_OP_ROPE && use_src1 && y_sz > d_D->size) {
-        y_sz = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-    }
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(d_D != nullptr);
-    uint64_t d_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
-    if(!src0_uma) {
-        d_X = src0_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        x_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src0) + src0->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_X != nullptr);
-    }
-    if (use_src1 && !src1_uma) {
-        d_Y = src1_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        y_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src1) + src1->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Y != nullptr);
-    }
-    if (use_src2 && !src2_uma) {
-        d_Z = src2_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        z_buf_offset = vk_tensor_offset(src2) + src2->view_offs;
-        GGML_ASSERT(d_Z != nullptr);
-    }
-    // Compute misalignment offset for descriptors and store it in in push constants, then align the descriptor offsets.
-    init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ctx, pc, src0, src1, src2, dst);
-    x_buf_offset &= ~(ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
-    y_buf_offset &= ~(ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
-    z_buf_offset &= ~(ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
-    d_buf_offset &= ~(ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
 
-    if (op_supports_incontiguous) {
-        x_sz = ggml_nbytes(src0);
-        y_sz = use_src1 ? ggml_nbytes(src1) : 0;
-        z_sz = use_src2 ? ggml_nbytes(src2) : 0;
-        d_sz = ggml_nbytes(dst);
+    vk_subbuffer src0_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0, true);
+    vk_subbuffer src1_buf = use_src1 ? ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src1, true) : vk_subbuffer{};
+    vk_subbuffer src2_buf = use_src2 ? ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src2, true) : vk_subbuffer{};
+    vk_subbuffer src3_buf = use_src3 ? ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src3, true) : vk_subbuffer{};
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst, true);
 
-        if (x_buf_offset + x_sz >= d_X->size) {
-            x_sz = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-        }
-        if (use_src1 && y_buf_offset + y_sz >= d_Y->size) {
-            y_sz = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-        }
-        if (use_src2 && z_buf_offset + z_sz >= d_Z->size) {
-            z_sz = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-        }
-        if (d_buf_offset + d_sz >= d_D->size) {
-            d_sz = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
-        }
-    }
+    // Compute misalignment offset for descriptors and store it in in push constants.
+    init_pushconst_tensor_offsets(ctx, pc, src0, src1, src2, src3, dst);
 
     std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements;
 
-    // Single call if dimension 2 is contiguous
-    GGML_ASSERT(op_supports_incontiguous || (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && (src1 == nullptr || ggml_is_contiguous(src1))));
-
     switch (op) {
     case GGML_OP_NORM:
     case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
@@ -6797,6 +9796,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
     case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
     case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK:
     case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+    case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+    case GGML_OP_MEAN:
     case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
         {
             const uint32_t nr = ggml_nrows(src0);
@@ -6808,8 +9809,25 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
                 elements = { nr, 1, 1 };
             }
         } break;
+    case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+        {
+            uint32_t nr = (uint32_t)(ne02 * ne03);
+            if (nr > 262144) {
+                elements = { 512, 512, CEIL_DIV(nr, 262144) };
+            } else if (nr > 512) {
+                elements = { 512, CEIL_DIV(nr, 512), 1 };
+            } else {
+                elements = { nr, 1, 1 };
+            }
+        }
+        break;
     case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-        elements = { (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne02, (uint32_t)ne03 };
+        if (ctx->do_add_rms_partials) {
+            // Run one element per thread, 128 threads per workgroup
+            elements = { (uint32_t)CEIL_DIV(ne00, 128), 1, 1 };
+        } else {
+            elements = { (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne02, (uint32_t)ne03 };
+        }
         break;
 
     case GGML_OP_SUM:
@@ -6822,15 +9840,27 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
             elements = { num_groups * (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], 1, 1 };
         } break;
     case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-    case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-    case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
         elements = { (uint32_t)ggml_nrows(src0), (uint32_t)ne00, 1 };
         break;
+    case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+    case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
+        {
+            uint32_t nrows = (uint32_t)ggml_nrows(src0);
+            uint32_t z = 1;
+            if (nrows > ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[0]) {
+                z = CEIL_DIV(nrows, 32768);
+                nrows = 32768;
+            }
+            elements = { nrows, (uint32_t)ne00, z };
+
+        } break;
     case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
         elements = { (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne10, (uint32_t)(ne11 * ne12) };
+        elements[1] = std::min(elements[1], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1]);
+        elements[2] = std::min(elements[2], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]);
         break;
     case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-        elements = { (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ggml_nrows(src0), 1 };
+        GGML_ASSERT(0);
         break;
     case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
         {
@@ -6847,6 +9877,28 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
             const uint32_t batch = src1->ne[is_2D ? 3 : 2];
 
             elements = { OW * KW * KH, OH, batch * IC };
+            elements[1] = std::min(elements[1], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1]);
+            elements[2] = std::min(elements[2], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]);
+        } break;
+    case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+        {
+            const uint32_t IC = ((const uint32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+            const uint32_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+
+            const uint32_t KD = ne02;
+            const uint32_t KH = ne01;
+            const uint32_t KW = ne00;
+
+            const uint32_t OD = dst->ne[3] / N;
+            const uint32_t OH = dst->ne[2];
+            const uint32_t OW = dst->ne[1];
+
+            const uint32_t IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+            const uint32_t N_OD_OH = N*OD*OH;
+
+            elements = { IC_KD_KH_KW, OW, N_OD_OH };
+            elements[2] = std::min(elements[2], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]);
         } break;
     case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
         {
@@ -6866,22 +9918,47 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
             const uint32_t OW = dst->ne[0];
             elements = { N * OC * OH * OW, 1, 1};
         } break;
+    case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+    case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<PC, vk_op_conv2d_push_constants>) {
+            const uint32_t NPQ = pc.N * pc.OH * pc.OW;
+            const vk_conv_shapes shape = ggml_vk_conv_select_shape(ctx, pc.Cout, NPQ);
+            const uint32_t NPQ_blocks = CEIL_DIV(NPQ, vk_conv_block_sizes[shape].NPQ);
+
+            elements = { pc.Cout, NPQ_blocks, 1 };
+            if (elements[1] > 512) {
+                elements[2] = CEIL_DIV(elements[1], 512);
+                elements[1] = 512;
+            }
+        } else {
+            GGML_ABORT("invalid push constant type for CONV_2D");
+        }
+        break;
     case GGML_OP_ADD:
     case GGML_OP_SUB:
     case GGML_OP_DIV:
     case GGML_OP_MUL:
+    case GGML_OP_ADD1:
+    case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+    case GGML_OP_FILL:
     case GGML_OP_SCALE:
     case GGML_OP_SQR:
+    case GGML_OP_SQRT:
     case GGML_OP_SIN:
     case GGML_OP_COS:
+    case GGML_OP_LOG:
+    case GGML_OP_TRI:
+    case GGML_OP_DIAG:
     case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
     case GGML_OP_PAD:
+    case GGML_OP_ROLL:
     case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
     case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
     case GGML_OP_CPY:
     case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
     case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
     case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+    case GGML_OP_GLU:
     case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
         {
             uint32_t ne = ggml_nelements(dst);
@@ -6894,6 +9971,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
                     ne *= ggml_type_size(src0->type) / 2;
                 }
             }
+            // copy_to_quant has block size of 32, and each thread does QUANT_K elements.
+            // Splitting into 512x512xZ wouldn't work well since each workgroup does 1024 elements.
+            // So divide by block size here before splitting into 512x512 groups.
+            if (op == GGML_OP_CPY && !ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && ggml_is_quantized(dst->type)) {
+                ne = CEIL_DIV(ne, ggml_blck_size(dst->type));
+            }
             if (ne > 262144) {
                 elements = { 512, 512, CEIL_DIV(ne, 262144) };
             } else if (ne > 512) {
@@ -6901,167 +9984,319 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
             } else {
                 elements = { ne, 1, 1 };
             }
+
+            if (pipeline == ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_transpose_32 ||
+                pipeline == ctx->device->pipeline_cpy_transpose_16) {
+                // 32x32 tiles
+                elements[0] = (uint32_t)CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[0], 32);
+                elements[1] = (uint32_t)CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[1], 32);
+                elements[2] = (uint32_t)(dst->ne[2]*dst->ne[3]);
+                elements[0] = std::min(elements[0], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[0]);
+                elements[1] = std::min(elements[1], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1]);
+                elements[2] = std::min(elements[2], ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2]);
+            }
+        } break;
+    case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+        {
+            elements = { (uint32_t)ne01, (uint32_t)ne02, 1 };
         } break;
+    case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+        {
+            uint32_t ne = ggml_nelements(src0);
+            if (ggml_is_quantized(dst->type)) {
+                // quants run 32 threads each doing QUANT_K elements
+                ne = CEIL_DIV(ne, 32 * ggml_blck_size(dst->type));
+            } else {
+                // scalar types do one element per thread, running 512 threads
+                ne = CEIL_DIV(ne, 512);
+            }
+            if (ne > 262144) {
+                elements = { 512, 512, CEIL_DIV(ne, 262144) };
+            } else if (ne > 512) {
+                elements = { 512, CEIL_DIV(ne, 512), 1 };
+            } else {
+                elements = { ne, 1, 1 };
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+        {
+            const uint32_t nr  = src0->ne[1];
+            const uint32_t n_t = dst->ne[1];
+            const uint32_t n_s = dst->ne[2];
+            elements = { nr, n_t, n_s };
+        }
+        break;
     default:
         elements = { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 1, 1 };
         break;
     }
 
-    if (!op_supports_incontiguous) {
-        if (x_sz != VK_WHOLE_SIZE) {
-            x_sz *= ne02 * ne03;
-        }
-        if (use_src1 && y_sz != VK_WHOLE_SIZE) {
-            y_sz *= ne12 * ne13;
-        }
-        if (use_src2 && z_sz != VK_WHOLE_SIZE) {
-            z_sz *= ne22 * ne23;
-        }
-        if (d_sz != VK_WHOLE_SIZE) {
-            d_sz *= ned2 * ned3;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
-        // Empty src1 is possible in soft_max, but the shader needs a buffer
-        vk_subbuffer subbuf_y;
-        if (use_src1) {
-            subbuf_y = { d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz };
-        } else {
-            subbuf_y = { d_X, 0, x_sz };
+    if (op == GGML_OP_ADD || op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+        vk_subbuffer a_buf = src0_buf;
+        if (ctx->do_add_rms_partials) {
+            a_buf = ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials, ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials_offset);
         }
-
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, subbuf_y, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz } }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+            { src0_buf, src1_buf, dst_buf, a_buf }, pc, elements);
+    } else if (op == GGML_OP_GLU) {
+        // Empty src1 is possible in glu, but the shader needs a buffer
+        vk_subbuffer subbuf1 = use_src1 ? src1_buf : src0_buf;
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, subbuf1, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
+    } else if (op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
+        // Empty src1 and src2 is possible in soft_max, but the shader needs a buffer
+        vk_subbuffer subbuf1 = use_src1 ? src1_buf : src0_buf;
+        vk_subbuffer subbuf2 = use_src2 ? src2_buf : src0_buf;
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, subbuf1, subbuf2, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
     } else if (op == GGML_OP_ROPE || op == GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK) {
-        // Empty src2 is possible in rope, but the shader needs a buffer
-        vk_subbuffer subbuf_z;
-        if (use_src2) {
-            subbuf_z = { d_Z, z_buf_offset, z_sz };
-        } else {
-            subbuf_z = { d_X, 0, x_sz };
+        // Empty src2 and src3 is possible in rope, but the shader needs a buffer
+        vk_subbuffer subbuf2 = use_src2 ? src2_buf : src0_buf;
+        vk_subbuffer subbuf3 = use_src3 ? src3_buf : src0_buf;
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, src1_buf, subbuf2, dst_buf, subbuf3 }, pc, elements);
+    } else if (op == GGML_OP_IM2COL || op == GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D) {
+        if (ctx->device->shader_int64 && ctx->device->buffer_device_address) {
+            // buffer device address path doesn't use dst buffer
+            dst_buf.size = 1;
         }
-
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz }, subbuf_z, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz } }, pc, elements);
-    } else if (op == GGML_OP_IM2COL) {
         // im2col uses only src1 and dst buffers
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { vk_subbuffer{ d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz } }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src1_buf, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
     } else if (op == GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL) {
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
         // count_equal assumes that destination buffer is initialized with zeroes
-        ggml_vk_buffer_memset_async(subctx, d_D, d_buf_offset, 0, d_sz);
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz } }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_buffer_memset_async(subctx, dst_buf.buffer, dst_buf.offset, 0, dst_buf.size);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, src1_buf, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
+    } else if (op == GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD) {
+        // OPT_STEP_SGD works on src0, it does not need dst
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, src1_buf, src2_buf }, pc, elements);
+    } else if (use_src3) {
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, src1_buf, src2_buf, src3_buf, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
     } else if (use_src2) {
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Z, z_buf_offset, z_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz } }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, src1_buf, src2_buf, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
     } else if (use_src1) {
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_Y, y_buf_offset, y_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz } }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, src1_buf, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
     } else {
-        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_buf_offset, x_sz }, vk_subbuffer{ d_D, d_buf_offset, d_sz } }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, dst_buf }, pc, elements);
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_get_rows(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_get_rows(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_GET_ROWS, {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
         (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
         (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
         (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
         0,
         0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_acc(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_acc(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    int nb1 = dst->op_params[0] / 4; // 4 bytes of float32
-    int nb2 = dst->op_params[1] / 4; // 4 bytes of float32
-    // int nb3 = dst->op_params[2] / 4; // 4 bytes of float32 - unused
-    int offset = dst->op_params[3] / 4; // offset in bytes
+    int nb1 = dst->op_params[0] / src0_type_size; // 4 bytes of float32
+    int nb2 = dst->op_params[1] / src0_type_size; // 4 bytes of float32
+    int nb3 = dst->op_params[2] / src0_type_size; // 4 bytes of float32
+    int offset = dst->op_params[3] / src0_type_size; // offset in bytes
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ACC, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, dst->op, {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)nb1, (uint32_t)nb2, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)nb1, (uint32_t)nb2, (uint32_t)nb3,
         (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t)nb1, (uint32_t)nb2, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t)nb1, (uint32_t)nb2, (uint32_t)nb3,
         0,
         0.0f, 0.0f, offset,
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_add(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_multi_add(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    const ggml_tensor *first_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    const ggml_tensor *dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops];
+
+    // Make a list of all the tensors used by the op.
+    // Last element of the list is the dest tensor.
+    const ggml_tensor *tensors[MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT];
+    uint32_t num_srcs = ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 2;
+    uint32_t num_tensors = num_srcs + 1;
+    GGML_ASSERT(num_tensors + ctx->do_add_rms_partials <= MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT);
+
+    tensors[0] = first_node->src[0];
+    tensors[1] = first_node->src[1];
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < ctx->num_additional_fused_ops; ++i) {
+        // check whether the previous result is src[0] or src[1]
+        if (cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i] == cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i + 1]->src[0]) {
+            tensors[i+2] = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i + 1]->src[1];
+        } else {
+            tensors[i+2] = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i + 1]->src[0];
+        }
+    }
+    tensors[num_srcs] = dst;
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ADD, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
-        0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
-}
+    vk_op_multi_add_push_constants pc;
+    pc.ne20 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[0];
+    pc.ne21 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[1];
+    pc.ne22 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[2];
+    pc.ne23 = (uint32_t)dst->ne[3];
 
-static void ggml_vk_sub(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_tensors; ++i) {
+        const ggml_tensor *t = tensors[i];
+        pc.nb[i][0] = (uint32_t)t->nb[0] / sizeof(float);
+        pc.nb[i][1] = (uint32_t)t->nb[1] / sizeof(float);
+        pc.nb[i][2] = (uint32_t)t->nb[2] / sizeof(float);
+        pc.nb[i][3] = (uint32_t)t->nb[3] / sizeof(float);
+    }
+    pc.rms_partials = ctx->do_add_rms_partials;
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SUB, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, tensors[0], tensors[1], nullptr, dst, dst->op);
+
+    if (pipeline == nullptr) {
+        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Error: Missing multi_add";
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+
+    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx[MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT];
+    vk_buffer buf[MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT];
+    size_t offset[MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT];
+    bool uma[MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT];
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_tensors; ++i) {
+        buf_ctx[i] = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)tensors[i]->buffer->context;
+        buf[i] = nullptr;
+        offset[i] = 0;
+        uma[i] = false;
+
+        if (ctx->device->uma) {
+            ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, tensors[i]->data, buf[i], offset[i]);
+            uma[i] = buf[i] != nullptr;
+        }
+        if (!uma[i]) {
+            buf[i] = buf_ctx[i]->dev_buffer;
+            offset[i] = vk_tensor_offset(tensors[i]) + tensors[i]->view_offs;
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(buf[i] != nullptr);
+    }
+    // If any remaining descriptors are unused, just point them at src[0]
+    for (uint32_t i = num_tensors; i < MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT; ++i) {
+        buf[i] = buf[0];
+        offset[i] = 0;
+    }
+    if (ctx->do_add_rms_partials) {
+        buf[num_tensors] = ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials;
+        offset[num_tensors] = ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials_offset;
+    }
+
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements;
+
+    uint32_t ne = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    if (ne > 262144) {
+        elements = { 512, 512, CEIL_DIV(ne, 262144) };
+    } else if (ne > 512) {
+        elements = { 512, CEIL_DIV(ne, 512), 1 };
+    } else {
+        elements = { ne, 1, 1 };
+    }
+
+    static_assert(MAX_PARAMETER_COUNT == 12);
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+        {
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[0], offset[0]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[1], offset[1]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[2], offset[2]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[3], offset[3]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[4], offset[4]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[5], offset[5]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[6], offset[6]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[7], offset[7]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[8], offset[8]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[9], offset[9]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[10], offset[10]),
+            ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[11], offset[11]),
+        }, pc, elements);
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_add(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ADD, {
+        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
+        0,
+        0.0f, 0.0f, ctx->do_add_rms_partials,
+    });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_sub(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SUB, {
+        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
         (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
         (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
         0,
         0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_mul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_mul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_MUL, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_MUL, {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
         (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
         (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
         (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
         0,
         0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_div(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_div(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_DIV, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_DIV, {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
         (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
         (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
         (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
         0,
         0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_add_id(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t src2_type_size = ggml_type_size(src2->type);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_add_id_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ADD_ID, {
+        (uint32_t)dst->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t)dst->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src2->nb[1] / src2_type_size,
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_op_f32_wkv(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst, const vk_op_rwkv_wkv6_push_constants&& pc, int version, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_op_f32_wkv(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst, const vk_op_rwkv_wkv6_push_constants&& pc, int version) {
     GGML_ASSERT(version == 6 || version == 7);
     int num_srcs = version == 6 ? 6 : 7;
 
@@ -7074,46 +10309,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32_wkv(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, dst->src[0], dst->src[1], dst->src[2], dst, dst->op);
     GGML_ASSERT(pipeline != nullptr);
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
-        return;
-    }
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
 
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src_buf_ctxs[7] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+    vk_subbuffer src_buf[7] = {};
     for (int i = 0; i < num_srcs; i++) {
-        src_buf_ctxs[i] = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->src[i]->buffer->context;
-    }
-
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-
-    vk_buffer d_D = nullptr, d_srcs[7] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
-    size_t dst_offset = 0, src_offsets[7] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
-    bool dst_uma = false, srcs_uma[7] = { false, false, false, false, false, false, false };
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < num_srcs; i++) {
-            ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, dst->src[i]->data, d_srcs[i], src_offsets[i]);
-            srcs_uma[i] = d_srcs[i] != nullptr;
-        }
-
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, dst->data, d_D, dst_offset);
-        dst_uma = d_D != nullptr;
-    }
-
-    uint64_t src_sizes[7] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_srcs; i++) {
-        src_sizes[i] = ggml_nbytes(dst->src[i]);
-        if (!srcs_uma[i]) {
-            d_srcs[i] = src_buf_ctxs[i]->dev_buffer;
-            src_offsets[i] = vk_tensor_offset(dst->src[i]) + dst->src[i]->view_offs;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const uint64_t dst_size = ggml_nbytes(dst);
-    if (!dst_uma) {
-        d_D = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        dst_offset = vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
+        src_buf[i] = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst->src[i]);
     }
 
     std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements = {
@@ -7123,33 +10324,20 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32_wkv(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     };
 
     if (version == 6) {
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, {
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[0], src_offsets[0], src_sizes[0] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[1], src_offsets[1], src_sizes[1] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[2], src_offsets[2], src_sizes[2] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[3], src_offsets[3], src_sizes[3] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[4], src_offsets[4], src_sizes[4] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[5], src_offsets[5], src_sizes[5] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_D, dst_offset, dst_size }
-        }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+            {src_buf[0], src_buf[1], src_buf[2], src_buf[3], src_buf[4], src_buf[5], dst_buf},
+            pc, elements);
     } else if (version == 7) {
-        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, {
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[0], src_offsets[0], src_sizes[0] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[1], src_offsets[1], src_sizes[1] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[2], src_offsets[2], src_sizes[2] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[3], src_offsets[3], src_sizes[3] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[4], src_offsets[4], src_sizes[4] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[5], src_offsets[5], src_sizes[5] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_srcs[6], src_offsets[6], src_sizes[6] },
-            vk_subbuffer{ d_D, dst_offset, dst_size }
-        }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+            {src_buf[0], src_buf[1], src_buf[2], src_buf[3], src_buf[4], src_buf[5], src_buf[6], dst_buf},
+            pc, elements);
     } else {
         // shouldn't happen
         GGML_ASSERT(false);
     }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const size_t seq_length = dst->src[0]->ne[2];
     const size_t n_embed = dst->ne[0];
     const size_t n_heads = dst->src[0]->ne[1];
@@ -7163,12 +10351,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx,
             (uint32_t)n_embed,
             (uint32_t)n_heads,
         },
-        6,
-        dryrun
+        6
     );
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const size_t seq_length = dst->src[0]->ne[2];
     const size_t n_embed = dst->ne[0];
     const size_t n_heads = dst->src[0]->ne[1];
@@ -7182,12 +10369,136 @@ static void ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx,
             (uint32_t)n_embed,
             (uint32_t)n_heads,
         },
-        7,
-        dryrun
+        7
     );
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_op_f32_opt_step_adamw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst, const vk_op_push_constants&& pc, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src_q     = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src_v     = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * src_beta  = dst->src[4];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->buffer != nullptr);
+
+    const uint32_t S_v      = (uint32_t)src_v->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t H        = (uint32_t)src_v->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_tokens = (uint32_t)src_v->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t n_seqs   = (uint32_t)src_v->ne[3];
+
+    const uint32_t s_off = S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs;
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, dst->src[0], dst->src[1], dst->src[2], dst, dst->op);
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipeline != nullptr);
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+    vk_subbuffer src_buf[6] = {};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        src_buf[i] = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst->src[i]);
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t sq1 = (uint32_t)(src_q->nb[1] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sq2 = (uint32_t)(src_q->nb[2] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sq3 = (uint32_t)(src_q->nb[3] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sv1 = (uint32_t)(src_v->nb[1] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sv2 = (uint32_t)(src_v->nb[2] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sv3 = (uint32_t)(src_v->nb[3] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sb1 = (uint32_t)(src_beta->nb[1] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sb2 = (uint32_t)(src_beta->nb[2] / sizeof(float));
+    const uint32_t sb3 = (uint32_t)(src_beta->nb[3] / sizeof(float));
+
+    const uint32_t neq1 = (uint32_t)src_q->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t rq3  = (uint32_t)(src_v->ne[3] / src_q->ne[3]);
+
+    const float scale = 1.0f / sqrtf((float)S_v);
+    const vk_op_gated_delta_net_push_constants pc = {
+        H, n_tokens, n_seqs, s_off,
+        sq1, sq2, sq3,
+        sv1, sv2, sv3,
+        sb1, sb2, sb3,
+        neq1, rq3,
+        scale
+    };
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+        {src_buf[0], src_buf[1], src_buf[2], src_buf[3], src_buf[4], src_buf[5], dst_buf},
+        pc, { H, n_seqs, 1u });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_ssm_scan(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * src3 = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * src4 = dst->src[4];
+    const ggml_tensor * src5 = dst->src[5];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->buffer != nullptr);
+
+    const uint32_t head_dim = src0->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_head = src1->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_group = src4->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t n_tok = src1->ne[2];
+    const uint32_t n_seq = src1->ne[3];
+
+    bool is_mamba2 = (src3->nb[1] == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(is_mamba2);
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, src0, src1, src2, dst, dst->op);
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipeline != nullptr);
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+
+    const int64_t s_off = ggml_nelements(src1) * sizeof(float);
+
+    const vk_op_ssm_scan_push_constants pc = {
+        (uint32_t)src0->nb[2], (uint32_t)src0->nb[3],
+        (uint32_t)src1->nb[2], (uint32_t)src1->nb[3],
+        (uint32_t)src2->nb[1], (uint32_t)src2->nb[2],
+        (uint32_t)src3->nb[1],
+        (uint32_t)src4->nb[2], (uint32_t)src4->nb[3],
+        (uint32_t)src5->nb[2], (uint32_t)src5->nb[3],
+        (uint32_t)s_off,
+        n_head, head_dim, n_group, n_tok
+    };
+
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+    vk_subbuffer src_buf[7] = {};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7 && dst->src[i] != nullptr; i++) {
+        src_buf[i] = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst->src[i]);
+    }
+
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements;
+
+    const uint32_t d_state = src0->ne[0];
+    uint32_t num_subgroups = d_state / ctx->device->subgroup_size;
+    const uint32_t num_workgroups_x = CEIL_DIV(n_head * head_dim, num_subgroups);
+    const uint32_t num_workgroups_y = n_seq;
+    elements = { num_workgroups_x, num_workgroups_y, 1 };
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+        {src_buf[0], src_buf[1], src_buf[2], src_buf[3], src_buf[4], src_buf[5], src_buf[6], dst_buf},
+        pc, elements);
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_ssm_conv_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SSM_CONV, {
+        (uint32_t)src0->nb[1], (uint32_t)src0->nb[2],
+        (uint32_t)src1->nb[1],
+        (uint32_t)dst->nb[0], (uint32_t)dst->nb[1], (uint32_t)dst->nb[2],
+        (uint32_t)src1->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t)dst->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t)dst->ne[2],
+    });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_op_f32_opt_step_adamw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst, const vk_op_push_constants&& pc) {
     const ggml_tensor * x = dst->src[0];
     const ggml_tensor * g = dst->src[1];
     const ggml_tensor * gm = dst->src[2];
@@ -7213,236 +10524,219 @@ static void ggml_vk_op_f32_opt_step_adamw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_cont
     vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, g, gm, gv, dst, GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW);
     GGML_ASSERT(pipeline != nullptr);
 
-    if (dryrun) {
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * x_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)x->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * g_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)g->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * gm_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)gm->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * gv_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)gv->buffer->context;
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * p_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)p->buffer->context;
-
-    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(subctx);
-
-    vk_buffer d_X = nullptr, d_G = nullptr, d_GM = nullptr, d_GV = nullptr, d_P = nullptr;
-    size_t x_offset = 0, g_offset = 0, gm_offset = 0, gv_offset = 0, p_offset = 0;
-    bool X_uma = false, G_uma = false, GM_uma = false, GV_uma = false, P_uma = false;
-
-    if (ctx->device->uma) {
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, x->data, d_X, x_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, g->data, d_G, g_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, gm->data, d_GM, gm_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, gv->data, d_GV, gv_offset);
-        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, p->data, d_P, p_offset);
-
-        X_uma = d_X != nullptr;
-        G_uma = d_G != nullptr;
-        GM_uma = d_GM != nullptr;
-        GV_uma = d_GV != nullptr;
-        P_uma = d_P != nullptr;
-    }
-
-    if (!X_uma) {
-        d_X = x_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        x_offset = vk_tensor_offset(x) + x->view_offs;
-    }
-    if (!G_uma) {
-        d_G = g_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        g_offset = vk_tensor_offset(g) + g->view_offs;
-    }
-    if (!GM_uma) {
-        d_GM = gm_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        gm_offset = vk_tensor_offset(gm) + gm->view_offs;
-    }
-    if (!GV_uma) {
-        d_GV = gv_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        gv_offset = vk_tensor_offset(gv) + gv->view_offs;
-    }
-    if (!P_uma) {
-        d_P = p_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        p_offset = vk_tensor_offset(p) + p->view_offs;
-    }
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
 
-    const uint64_t x_size = ggml_nbytes(x);
-    const uint64_t g_size = ggml_nbytes(g);
-    const uint64_t gm_size = ggml_nbytes(gm);
-    const uint64_t gv_size = ggml_nbytes(gv);
-    const uint64_t p_size = ggml_nbytes(p);
+    vk_subbuffer x_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, x);
+    vk_subbuffer g_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, g);
+    vk_subbuffer gm_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, gm);
+    vk_subbuffer gv_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, gv);
+    vk_subbuffer p_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, p);
 
     std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements = { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(x), 1, 1 };
 
-    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, {
-        vk_subbuffer{ d_X, x_offset, x_size },
-        vk_subbuffer{ d_G, g_offset, g_size },
-        vk_subbuffer{ d_GM, gm_offset, gm_size },
-        vk_subbuffer{ d_GV, gv_offset, gv_size },
-        vk_subbuffer{ d_P, p_offset, p_size },
-    }, pc, elements);
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+        {x_buf, g_buf, gm_buf, gv_buf, p_buf},
+        pc, elements);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_opt_step_adamw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_opt_step_adamw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const size_t n = ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]);
 
     ggml_vk_op_f32_opt_step_adamw(
         ctx, subctx, dst,
-        { (uint32_t)n, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f },
-        dryrun
+        { (uint32_t)n, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }
     );
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_concat(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_opt_step_sgd(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const size_t n = ggml_nelements(dst->src[0]);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD, { (uint32_t)n, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_concat(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     int * op_params = (int *)dst->op_params;
 
     const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
     const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CONCAT, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CONCAT, {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst),
         (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
         (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
         (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
         0,
         0.0f, 0.0f, op_params[0],
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_upscale(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_upscale(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t mode = (uint32_t)ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-    const float sf0 = (float)dst->ne[0] / src0->ne[0];
-    const float sf1 = (float)dst->ne[1] / src0->ne[1];
-    const float sf2 = (float)dst->ne[2] / src0->ne[2];
-    const float sf3 = (float)dst->ne[3] / src0->ne[3];
+    float sf0 = (float)ne0 / ne00;
+    float sf1 = (float)ne1 / ne01;
+    float sf2 = (float)ne2 / ne02;
+    float sf3 = (float)ne3 / ne03;
+    float pixel_offset = 0.5f;
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_upscale_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_UPSCALE, {
+    if (mode & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ALIGN_CORNERS) {
+        sf0 = ne0 > 1 && ne00 > 1 ? (float)(ne0 - 1) / (ne00 - 1) : sf0;
+        sf1 = ne1 > 1 && ne01 > 1 ? (float)(ne1 - 1) / (ne01 - 1) : sf1;
+        pixel_offset = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_upscale_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_UPSCALE, {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst), 0, 0,
-        (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t)dst->ne[0], (uint32_t)dst->ne[1], (uint32_t)dst->ne[2],(uint32_t)dst->ne[3],
-        sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3,
-    }, dryrun);
+        (uint32_t)ne00, (uint32_t)ne01,
+        (uint32_t)nb00 / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)nb01 / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)nb02 / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)nb03 / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)ne0, (uint32_t)ne1, (uint32_t)ne2, (uint32_t)ne3,
+        sf0, sf1, sf2, sf3, pixel_offset
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_scale(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_scale(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst);
+    p.param1 = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0);
+    p.param2 = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 1);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SCALE, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
-        op_params[0], 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SCALE, std::move(p));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_sqr(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_sqr(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SQR, vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst));
+}
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SQR, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
-        0.0f, 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_sqrt(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SQRT, vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_sin(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_add1(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
     const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SIN, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ADD1, {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
         0,
-        0.0f, 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+        0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_cos(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_arange(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_arange(dst=" << dst << ", ne=" << ggml_nelements(dst) << ")");
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_COS, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
+    vk_op_push_constants pc = {
+        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst),
+        1,
+        ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0),
+        ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2),
         0.0f, 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
-}
+    };
 
-static void ggml_vk_clamp(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ARANGE);
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipeline != nullptr);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CLAMP, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
-        op_params[0], op_params[1],
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst, false);
+
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements = { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst), 1, 1 };
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { dst_buf }, pc, elements);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_pad(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_fill(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_fill(dst=" << dst << ", ne=" << ggml_nelements(dst) << ")");
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_PAD, {
+    vk_op_push_constants pc = {
         (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
+        1,
+        ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0),
+        0.0f,
         0.0f, 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+    };
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_FILL);
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipeline != nullptr);
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst, false);
+
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements = { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst), 1, 1 };
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { dst_buf }, pc, elements);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_repeat(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_sin(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SIN, vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst));
+}
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_REPEAT, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
-        0.0f, 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_cos(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_COS, vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_repeat_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_log(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_LOG, vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst));
+}
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
-        0.0f, 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_tri(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst);
+    p.param1 = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_TRI, std::move(p));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_cpy(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+static void ggml_vk_diag(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst, ggml_nelements(dst));
 
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_DIAG, std::move(p));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_clamp(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst);
+    p.param1 = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0);
+    p.param2 = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 1);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CLAMP, std::move(p));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_pad(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_pad_push_constants p = vk_op_pad_push_constants_init(src0, dst);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_PAD, std::move(p));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_roll(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const int32_t s0 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const int32_t s1 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const int32_t s2 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 2);
+    const int32_t s3 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 3);
+    const uint32_t s01_packed = ((s0 + 0x8000) << 16) | (s1 + 0x8000);
+    const uint32_t s23_packed = ((s2 + 0x8000) << 16) | (s3 + 0x8000);
+
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst);
+    memcpy(&p.param1, &s01_packed, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&p.param2, &s23_packed, sizeof(float));
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ROLL, std::move(p));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_repeat(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst, ggml_nelements(dst));
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_REPEAT, std::move(p));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_repeat_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst, ggml_nelements(dst));
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK, std::move(p));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_cpy(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     uint32_t ne = (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0);
     if (ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && ggml_is_quantized(dst->type)) {
         // Convert from number of logical elements to 2- or 4-byte units.
@@ -7454,27 +10748,43 @@ static void ggml_vk_cpy(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const
         }
     }
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CPY, {
-        ne,
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst, ne);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CPY, std::move(p));
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_set_rows(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    // Skip empty skip_rows operations. For most ops the empty check at the start
+    // of ggml_vk_build_graph is sufficient, but set_rows can have a nonempty dst
+    // with empty srcs.
+    if (ggml_is_empty(src0) || ggml_is_empty(src1)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SET_ROWS, {
+        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
         0,
-        0.0f, 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+        0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_silu_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SILU_BACK, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, 0.0f, 0.0f }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_silu_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SILU_BACK, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_NORM, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0], 0.0f }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_NORM, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0], 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_group_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_group_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const int * int_op_params = (const int *)dst->op_params;
     const float * float_op_params = (const float *)dst->op_params;
 
@@ -7482,44 +10792,246 @@ static void ggml_vk_group_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     const float eps = float_op_params[1];
     const uint32_t group_size = src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * ((src0->ne[2] + num_groups - 1) / num_groups);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM, { group_size, 0, eps, 0.0f }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM, { group_size, 0, eps, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
+}
+
+static uint32_t ggml_vk_rms_num_partials(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor *node) {
+    const uint32_t ne = (uint32_t)node->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t denom = ctx->device->pipeline_add_rms[0][0][0]->wg_denoms[0];
+    const uint32_t num_partials = CEIL_DIV(ne, denom);
+    return num_partials;
+}
+
+static uint32_t ggml_vk_rms_partials_size(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const ggml_tensor *node) {
+    const uint32_t num_partials = ggml_vk_rms_num_partials(ctx, node);
+    const uint32_t num_bytes = ROUNDUP_POW2(num_partials * sizeof(uint32_t), ctx->device->partials_binding_alignment);
+    return num_bytes;
+}
+
+static vk_op_rope_push_constants ggml_vk_make_rope_constants(const ggml_tensor *dst, const ggml_tensor *src0, const bool has_ff, bool backprop, const uint32_t set_rows_stride) {
+    const int n_dims        = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    const int mode          = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
+    // const int n_ctx         = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
+    const int n_ctx_orig    = ((const int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+    const float freq_base   = ((const float *)   dst->op_params)[5];
+    const float freq_scale  = ((const float *)   dst->op_params)[6];
+    const float ext_factor  = ((const float *)   dst->op_params)[7];
+    const float attn_factor = ((const float *)   dst->op_params)[8];
+    const float beta_fast   = ((const float *)   dst->op_params)[9];
+    const float beta_slow   = ((const float *)   dst->op_params)[10];
+    int sections[4] {};
+    if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
+        memcpy(sections, (const int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, sizeof(int)*4);
+    }
+
+    const bool is_imrope = mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE;
+
+    float corr_dims[2];
+    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
+
+    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
+
+    uint32_t nb01 = src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+
+    uint32_t nb11 = dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    uint32_t nb12 = dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    uint32_t nb13 = dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    vk_op_rope_push_constants rope {
+        (uint32_t)mode, (uint32_t)ggml_nrows(src0), (uint32_t)n_dims, freq_scale,
+        freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, {corr_dims[0], corr_dims[1]}, theta_scale, has_ff,
+        { sections[0], sections[1], sections[2], sections[3] }, is_imrope, backprop, set_rows_stride,
+
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],
+        nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        nb11, nb12, nb13,
+    };
+
+    return rope;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_rms_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, float * op_params) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst;
+    const ggml_tensor * src0;
+    const ggml_tensor * src1;
+
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0) {
+        // fused rms_norm + mul
+        ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        ggml_tensor *other_src = mul->src[0] == cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0] ? mul->src[1] : mul->src[0];
+        dst = mul;
+        src0 = cgraph->nodes[node_idx]->src[0];
+        src1 = other_src;
+    } else {
+        dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        src0 = src1 = dst->src[0];
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    uint32_t param3 = ctx->do_add_rms_partials ? ggml_vk_rms_num_partials(ctx, dst) : 0;
+
+    vk_op_binary_push_constants bin {
+        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
+        0,
+        op_params[0], 0.0f, (int32_t)param3,
+    };
+
+    // more than one fused op means rms_norm+mul+rope
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 1) {
+        static constexpr uint32_t max_tensors = 7;
+        const ggml_tensor *tensors[max_tensors] {};
+
+        ggml_tensor *rms = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0];
+        ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        ggml_tensor *rope = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+
+        ggml_tensor *other_src = mul->src[0] == rms ? mul->src[1] : mul->src[0];
+
+        bool do_set_rows = ctx->num_additional_fused_ops == 4;
+
+        tensors[0] = rms->src[0];
+        tensors[1] = other_src;
+        tensors[2] = mul;
+        tensors[3] = rope->src[1]; // pos
+        tensors[4] = rope->src[2]; // ff
+        tensors[5] = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops]; // dst
+        tensors[6] = do_set_rows ? tensors[5]->src[1] : nullptr;
+        const uint32_t set_rows_stride = do_set_rows ? tensors[5]->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(tensors[5]->type) : 0;
+
+        vk_op_rms_norm_mul_rope_push_constants pc;
+        pc.bin = bin;
+        pc.rope = ggml_vk_make_rope_constants(rope, rope->src[0], tensors[4] != nullptr, false, set_rows_stride);
+
+        vk_pipeline pipeline = tensors[5]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? ctx->device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f16 : ctx->device->pipeline_rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f32;
+
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+
+        ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx[max_tensors];
+        vk_buffer buf[max_tensors];
+        size_t offset[max_tensors];
+        bool uma[max_tensors];
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < max_tensors; ++i) {
+            if (!tensors[i]) {
+                // If any remaining descriptors are unused, just point them at src[0]
+                buf[i] = buf[0];
+                offset[i] = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+            buf_ctx[i] = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)tensors[i]->buffer->context;
+            buf[i] = nullptr;
+            offset[i] = 0;
+            uma[i] = false;
+
+            if (ctx->device->uma) {
+                ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, tensors[i]->data, buf[i], offset[i]);
+                uma[i] = buf[i] != nullptr;
+            }
+            if (!uma[i]) {
+                buf[i] = buf_ctx[i]->dev_buffer;
+                offset[i] = vk_tensor_offset(tensors[i]) + tensors[i]->view_offs;
+            }
+            GGML_ASSERT(buf[i] != nullptr);
+        }
+
+        std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements;
+        elements = { (uint32_t)rms->src[0]->ne[1], (uint32_t)rms->src[0]->ne[2], (uint32_t)rms->src[0]->ne[3] };
+
+        static_assert(max_tensors == 7);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline,
+            {
+                ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[0], offset[0]),
+                ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[1], offset[1]),
+                ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[2], offset[2]),
+                ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[3], offset[3]),
+                ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[4], offset[4]),
+                ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[5], offset[5]),
+                ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, buf[6], offset[6]),
+            }, pc, elements);
+    } else {
+        ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, std::move(bin));
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->do_add_rms_partials_offset_calculation) {
+        ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials_offset += ggml_vk_rms_partials_size(ctx, src0);
+        ctx->do_add_rms_partials = false;
+        ctx->do_add_rms_partials_offset_calculation = false;
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_rms_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_rms_norm_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
-    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0], 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
+}
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, {
-        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], (uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
-        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
-        0,
-        op_params[0], 0.0f,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_l2_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const float * op_params = (const float *)dst->op_params;
+    vk_op_unary_push_constants p = vk_op_unary_push_constants_init(src0, dst);
+    p.param1 = op_params[0];
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_unary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_L2_NORM, std::move(p));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_rms_norm_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0], 0.0f }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_unary(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_UNARY, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_l2_norm(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_xielu(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_L2_NORM, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0], 0.0f }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_UNARY,
+        {
+            (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0,
+            op_params[1], op_params[2], op_params[3], op_params[4]
+        }
+    );
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_unary(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_UNARY, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, 0.0f, 0.0f }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_glu(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const float * op_params_f = (const float *)dst->op_params;
+
+    const bool swapped = (bool)dst->op_params[1];
+    const bool split = src1 != nullptr;
+    const float alpha = op_params_f[2];
+    const float limit = op_params_f[3];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+
+    if (!split) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[0] / 2 == dst->ne[0]);
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[0] == src1->ne[0]);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[0] == dst->ne[0]);
+        GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == src1->type);
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t mode = split ? 2 : (swapped ? 1 : 0);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_glu_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_GLU,
+        {
+            (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(dst),
+            (uint32_t)src0->ne[0],
+            (uint32_t)dst->ne[0],
+            mode,
+            alpha,
+            limit
+        });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     int32_t * op_params = (int32_t *)dst->op_params;
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_diag_mask_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0] }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_diag_mask_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0] });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_soft_max(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_soft_max(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
 
     float scale = op_params[0];
@@ -7529,36 +11041,170 @@ static void ggml_vk_soft_max(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx,
     const uint32_t nrows_x = (uint32_t)ggml_nrows(src0);
     const uint32_t nrows_y = (uint32_t)src0->ne[1];
 
-    const uint32_t n_head_kv   = nrows_x/nrows_y;
+    const uint32_t ne12 = src1 ? (uint32_t)(src1->ne[2]) : 0u;
+    const uint32_t ne13 = src1 ? (uint32_t)(src1->ne[3]) : 0u;
+    const uint32_t nb11 = src1 ? (uint32_t)(src1->nb[1] / src1->nb[0]) : 0u;
+    const uint32_t nb12 = src1 ? (uint32_t)(src1->nb[2] / src1->nb[0]) : 0u;
+    const uint32_t nb13 = src1 ? (uint32_t)(src1->nb[3] / src1->nb[0]) : 0u;
+
+    const uint32_t n_head_kv   = src0->ne[2];
     const uint32_t n_head_log2 = 1u << (uint32_t) floorf(log2f((float) n_head_kv));
 
     const float m0 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias       ) / n_head_log2);
     const float m1 = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_soft_max_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX, {
+    vk_op_soft_max_push_constants pc {
         ncols,
         src1 != nullptr ? nrows_y : (uint32_t)0,
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],
+        ne12, ne13,
+        nb11, nb12, nb13,
         scale, max_bias,
         m0, m1,
         n_head_log2,
         nrows_x,
-    }, dryrun);
+        src2 != nullptr
+    };
+
+    if (ncols <= 16384) {
+        ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_soft_max_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX, std::move(pc));
+    } else {
+
+        vk_subbuffer buf_a = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+        vk_subbuffer buf_b = src1 ? ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src1) : buf_a;
+        vk_subbuffer buf_c = src2 ? ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src2) : buf_a;
+        vk_subbuffer buf_d = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+
+        uint32_t elems_per_wg = 128 * 4;
+        uint32_t num_wgs = CEIL_DIV(ncols, elems_per_wg);
+        size_t tmp_size = num_wgs * nrows_x * sizeof(float);
+
+        if (ctx->prealloc_size_x < tmp_size) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_x = tmp_size;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        if (ctx->prealloc_size_y < tmp_size) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_y = tmp_size;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        if (ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync || ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+
+        vk_subbuffer buf_x = { ctx->prealloc_x, 0, tmp_size };
+        vk_subbuffer buf_y = { ctx->prealloc_y, 0, tmp_size };
+
+        std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements = { num_wgs, nrows_x, 1 };
+
+        vk_pipeline pipeline1 = src1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_large1_f32_f16 : ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_large1_f32;
+        vk_pipeline pipeline2 = src1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_large2_f32_f16 : ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_large2_f32;
+        vk_pipeline pipeline3 = src1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_large3_f32_f16 : ctx->device->pipeline_soft_max_large3_f32;
+
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline1, 1);
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline2, 1);
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline3, 1);
+
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline1, { buf_a, buf_b, buf_c, buf_d, buf_x, buf_y }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline2, { buf_a, buf_b, buf_c, buf_d, buf_x, buf_y }, pc, elements);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline3, { buf_a, buf_b, buf_c, buf_d, buf_x, buf_y }, pc, elements);
+
+        ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = true;
+        ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync = true;
+    }
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_soft_max_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_soft_max_back(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     float * op_params = (float *)dst->op_params;
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], op_params[0], op_params[1] }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)ggml_nrows(src0), op_params[0], op_params[1], 0.0f, 0.0f });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_topk_moe(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+    topk_moe_mode mode = ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode;
+    ggml_tensor * logits = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0]->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * bias = (mode == TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS) ? cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->src[1] : logits;
+    ggml_tensor * weights = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops];
+    ggml_tensor * ids = (mode == TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS) ? cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 4] :
+                        (mode == TOPK_MOE_LATE_SOFTMAX) ?      cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1] :
+                                                               cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 3];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(logits->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(bias->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(weights->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    const int n_experts = logits->ne[0];
+    const int n_rows    = logits->ne[1];
+    const int n_expert_used = weights->ne[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(ids->type) == (size_t) n_experts);
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, cgraph->nodes[node_idx], GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX);
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+
+    vk_subbuffer logits_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, logits);
+    vk_subbuffer bias_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, bias);
+    vk_subbuffer weights_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, weights);
+    vk_subbuffer ids_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, ids);
+
+    vk_op_topk_moe_push_constants pc {};
+    pc.n_rows = n_rows;
+    pc.n_experts_push = n_experts;
+    pc.n_expert_used = n_expert_used;
+    pc.clamp_min = -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+    pc.clamp_max = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+    if (mode == TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX_NORM) {
+        ggml_tensor * clamp = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 7];
+        GGML_ASSERT(clamp->op == GGML_OP_CLAMP);
+        pc.clamp_min = ggml_get_op_params_f32(clamp, 0);
+        pc.clamp_max = ggml_get_op_params_f32(clamp, 1);
+    }
+    if (mode == TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS) {
+        ggml_tensor * clamp = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 8];
+        GGML_ASSERT(clamp->op == GGML_OP_CLAMP);
+        pc.clamp_min = ggml_get_op_params_f32(clamp, 0);
+        pc.clamp_max = ggml_get_op_params_f32(clamp, 1);
+    }
+
+#define GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX 0
+#define GATING_FUNC_SIGMOID 1
+#define GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT 2
+
+    pc.gating_func = mode == TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS ? GATING_FUNC_SIGMOID :
+                     mode == TOPK_MOE_LATE_SOFTMAX ?      GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT :
+                                                          GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX;
+    pc.has_bias = mode == TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS;
+    pc.with_norm = mode == TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX_NORM || mode == TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS;
+    if (ctx->fused_topk_moe_scale) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(weights->op == GGML_OP_SCALE);
+        pc.output_scale = ggml_get_op_params_f32(weights, 0);
+        pc.output_bias = ggml_get_op_params_f32(weights, 1);
+    } else {
+        pc.output_scale = 1.0f;
+        pc.output_bias = 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_expert_used <= n_experts);
+
+    const uint32_t rows_per_block = 4;
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements = { CEIL_DIV(n_rows, rows_per_block), 1, 1 };
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, {logits_buf, bias_buf, weights_buf, ids_buf}, pc, elements);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_rope(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * src2, ggml_tensor * dst, bool backprop, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_rope(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, bool backprop) {
+    ggml_tensor * dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * src3 = nullptr;
     const int n_dims        = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
     const int mode          = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
     // const int n_ctx         = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[3];
     const int n_ctx_orig    = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
     const float freq_base   = ((float *)   dst->op_params)[5];
-    const float freq_scale  = ((float *)   dst->op_params)[6];
-    const float ext_factor  = ((float *)   dst->op_params)[7];
-    const float attn_factor = ((float *)   dst->op_params)[8];
     const float beta_fast   = ((float *)   dst->op_params)[9];
     const float beta_slow   = ((float *)   dst->op_params)[10];
     int sections[4] {};
@@ -7569,55 +11215,300 @@ static void ggml_vk_rope(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, cons
     float corr_dims[2];
     ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
 
-    const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
-
-    uint32_t s1 = src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
-    uint32_t s2 = src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    uint32_t set_rows_stride = 0;
+    // Fused rope + view + set_rows passes the set_rows destination stride in set_rows_stride
+    // and overrides the dst and sets src3=row_indices
+    if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops > 0) {
+        set_rows_stride = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->type);
+        src3 = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->src[1];
+        dst = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+    }
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_rope_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, dst, GGML_OP_ROPE, {
-        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)n_dims, freq_scale, (uint32_t)src0->ne[1],
-        freq_base, ext_factor, attn_factor, {corr_dims[0], corr_dims[1]}, theta_scale,
-        src2 != nullptr, (uint32_t)src0->ne[2], s1, s2,
-        sections[0], sections[1], sections[2], sections[3], backprop
-    }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_rope_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, src2, src3, dst, GGML_OP_ROPE,
+        ggml_vk_make_rope_constants(cgraph->nodes[node_idx], src0, src2 != nullptr, backprop, set_rows_stride));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_argsort(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    int32_t * op_params = (int32_t *)dst->op_params;
+static void ggml_vk_argsort(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t * op_params = (const uint32_t *)dst->op_params;
+
+    uint32_t ncols = src0->ne[0];
+    uint32_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
+
+    uint32_t ncols_pad_log2 = (uint32_t)ceilf(log2f(float(ncols)));
+    uint32_t ncolsp2 = 1 << ncols_pad_log2;
+
+    vk_op_argsort_push_constants pc { ncols, ncolsp2, ncols_pad_log2, nrows, op_params[0], 0, 0, 0, 0, };
+
+    // Pick the largest workgroup size <= ncolsp2
+    uint32_t pipeline_idx = std::min(ncols_pad_log2, num_argsort_pipelines - 1);
+
+    // Use the "small" argsort shader if the whole sort can be done by a single workgroup.
+    bool use_small = ncols_pad_log2 <= ctx->device->max_workgroup_size_log2 &&
+                     ctx->device->pipeline_argsort_f32[pipeline_idx] != nullptr;
+
+    vk_pipeline pipeline = use_small ? ctx->device->pipeline_argsort_f32[pipeline_idx]
+                                     : ctx->device->pipeline_argsort_large_f32[pipeline_idx];
+
+    vk_subbuffer src0_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+    vk_subbuffer subbuf1 = dst_buf;
 
+    // Reserve space for ivec2 per element, with rows padded to a power of two
+    if (!use_small) {
+        const size_t x_sz = size_t{ncolsp2} * nrows * 2 * sizeof(int);
+
+        if (ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz) {
+            ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz;
+            ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        if (ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        subbuf1 = { ctx->prealloc_x, 0, ctx->prealloc_x->size };
+    }
+
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements;
+
+    elements[0] = ncolsp2;
+    elements[1] = std::min((uint32_t)ggml_nrows(src0), ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1]);
+    elements[2] = 1;
+
+    // First dispatch initializes tmp_idx and does the first N passes where
+    // there is only communication between threads in the same workgroup.
+    {
+        vk_op_argsort_push_constants pc2 = pc;
+        pc2.outer_start = 0;
+        pc2.outer_end = std::min(ncols_pad_log2, ctx->device->max_workgroup_size_log2);
+        pc2.inner_start = 0;
+        pc2.inner_end = 100;
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, subbuf1, dst_buf }, pc2, elements);
+    }
+    if (!use_small) {
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        // Loop over outer/inner passes, synchronizing between each pass.
+        for (uint32_t outer = ctx->device->max_workgroup_size_log2; outer < ncols_pad_log2; ++outer) {
+            for (uint32_t inner = 0; inner < outer + 1; ++inner) {
+                vk_op_argsort_push_constants pc2 = pc;
+                pc2.outer_start = outer;
+                pc2.outer_end = outer + 1;
+                pc2.inner_start = inner;
+                pc2.inner_end = inner + 1;
+                // When the inner idx is large enough, there's only communication
+                // within a workgroup. So the remaining inner iterations can all
+                // run in the same dispatch.
+                if (outer - inner < pipeline_idx) {
+                    pc2.inner_end = 100;
+                    inner = outer;
+                    pipeline = ctx->device->pipeline_argsort_large_f32[pipeline_idx];
+                } else {
+                    // Smaller workgroup empirically seems to perform better
+                    pipeline = ctx->device->pipeline_argsort_large_f32[pipeline_idx - 2];
+                }
+                ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+                ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src0_buf, subbuf1, dst_buf }, pc2, elements);
+                ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+        }
+        ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = true;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_topk(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     uint32_t ncols = src0->ne[0];
+    uint32_t nrows = ggml_nrows(src0);
+    uint32_t k = dst->ne[0];
 
-    uint32_t ncols_pad = 1;
-    while (ncols_pad < ncols) {
-        ncols_pad *= 2;
+    vk_op_topk_push_constants pc { ncols, ncols, ncols, k, nrows, 0, 0 };
+
+    if (ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync) {
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
     }
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(ncols_pad <= 1024);
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements;
+    elements[1] = std::min(nrows, ctx->device->properties.limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1]);
+    elements[2] = 1;
+
+    uint32_t num_elements = ncols;
+
+    // Each iteration reduces a workgroup's worth of elements down to the K
+    // largest elements. Repeat until we have the top K elements.
+    // Need to do at least one iteration to write out the results.
+    bool done_one_iter = false;
+    uint32_t dbl_buf_index = 0;
+    size_t dbl_buf_size;
+    while (num_elements > k || !done_one_iter) {
+
+        // Prefer going as small as num_topk_pipelines - 3 for perf reasons.
+        // But if K is larger, then we need a larger workgroup
+        uint32_t max_pipeline = num_topk_pipelines - 1;
+        uint32_t preferred_pipeline = std::max(num_topk_pipelines - 3, (uint32_t)log2f(float(k)) + 2);
+        max_pipeline = std::min(preferred_pipeline, max_pipeline);
+        uint32_t min_pipeline = (uint32_t)log2f(float(k)) + 1;
+        // require full subgroup
+        min_pipeline = std::max(min_pipeline, ctx->device->subgroup_size_log2);
+
+        uint32_t pipeline_idx = (uint32_t)ceilf(log2f(float(num_elements)));
+        pipeline_idx = std::min(pipeline_idx, max_pipeline);
+        pipeline_idx = std::max(pipeline_idx, min_pipeline);
+
+        if (num_elements > (1u << pipeline_idx)) {
+            // If we could finish on this loop iteration (i.e. a single workgroup)
+            // then do so. It's better than the overhead of another pass.
+            for (uint32_t i = pipeline_idx; i < num_topk_pipelines; ++i) {
+                if (num_elements <= (1u << i)) {
+                    pipeline_idx = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        vk_pipeline pipeline = ctx->device->pipeline_topk_f32[pipeline_idx];
+        // If the device doesn't support a pipeline this large, use smaller
+        while (!pipeline) {
+            pipeline_idx--;
+            GGML_ASSERT(pipeline_idx >= min_pipeline);
+            pipeline = ctx->device->pipeline_topk_f32[pipeline_idx];
+        }
+
+        vk_op_topk_push_constants pc2 = pc;
+        pc2.ncols_input = num_elements;
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_argsort_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ARGSORT, {
-        ncols,
-        ncols_pad,
-        op_params[0],
-    }, dryrun);
+        // Number of elements remaining after this pass
+        uint32_t num_dst_elements = (num_elements / pipeline->wg_denoms[0]) * k + std::min(k, num_elements % pipeline->wg_denoms[0]);
+
+        pc2.ncols_output = num_dst_elements;
+
+        if (!done_one_iter) {
+            // Reserve space for ivec2 per element, double buffered
+            // K per workgroup per row
+            dbl_buf_size = num_dst_elements * nrows * 2 * sizeof(int);
+            dbl_buf_size = ROUNDUP_POW2(dbl_buf_size, ctx->device->properties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
+            const size_t x_sz = dbl_buf_size * 2;
+
+            if (ctx->prealloc_size_x < x_sz) {
+                ctx->prealloc_size_x = x_sz;
+                ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+            }
+        }
+
+        vk_subbuffer src_buf;
+        vk_subbuffer dst_buf;
+
+        if (num_elements == ncols) {
+            pc2.first_pass = 1;
+            src_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+        } else {
+            src_buf = { ctx->prealloc_x, dbl_buf_index * dbl_buf_size, dbl_buf_size };
+        }
+        if (num_dst_elements == k) {
+            pc2.last_pass = 1;
+            dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+        } else {
+            dst_buf = { ctx->prealloc_x, (dbl_buf_index ^ 1) * dbl_buf_size, dbl_buf_size };
+        }
+
+        elements[0] = num_elements;
+
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+        ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline, { src_buf, dst_buf }, pc2, elements);
+        num_elements = num_dst_elements;
+        dbl_buf_index ^= 1;
+        if (num_elements > k) {
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+        }
+        done_one_iter = true;
+    }
+    ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = true;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_sum(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants p = vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants_init(src0, dst, ggml_nelements(src0));
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SUM, p);
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_sum_rows(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants p = vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants_init(src0, dst, src0->ne[0]);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS, p);
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_sum(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SUM, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, 0.0f, 0.0f }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_mean(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants p = vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants_init(src0, dst, src0->ne[0]);
+    p.weight = 1.0f / (float)src0->ne[0];
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_MEAN, p);
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_cumsum(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants pc = vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants_init(src0, dst, src0->ne[0]);
+    // Use the single pass shader when the rows are small or there are enough rows to fill the GPU.
+    // For fewer, larger rows, use the multipass shader to spread each row across SMs.
+    if (dst->ne[0] <= 4096 || ggml_nrows(dst) >= ctx->device->shader_core_count) {
+        ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CUMSUM, pc);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // First pass computes partial sums within a block, and stores the last partial
+    // to the temp buffer. Second pass sums the block partials from the temp buffer
+    // and adds that to the result of the first pass.
+    vk_pipeline pipeline1 = ctx->device->pipeline_cumsum_multipass1_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline2 = ctx->device->pipeline_cumsum_multipass2_f32;
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipeline1 != nullptr && pipeline2 != nullptr);
+
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline1, 1);
+    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline2, 1);
+
+    std::array<uint32_t, 3> elements;
+
+    elements[0] = dst->ne[0];
+    elements[1] = (uint32_t)ggml_nrows(dst);
+    elements[2] = 1;
+
+    size_t temp_size = sizeof(float) * elements[0] * ggml_nrows(dst);
+
+    if (ctx->prealloc_size_split_k < temp_size) {
+        ctx->prealloc_size_split_k = temp_size;
+        ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+    }
+
+    vk_subbuffer src_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, src0);
+    vk_subbuffer dst_buf = ggml_vk_tensor_subbuffer(ctx, dst);
+    vk_subbuffer temp_buf = ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, ctx->prealloc_split_k, 0);
+
+    if (ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync) {
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+    }
+
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline1, {src_buf, dst_buf, temp_buf}, pc, elements);
+    ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, subctx);
+    ggml_vk_dispatch_pipeline(ctx, subctx, pipeline2, {src_buf, dst_buf, temp_buf}, pc, elements);
+
+    ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync = true;
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_sum_rows(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], 0, 0.0f, 0.0f }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_argmax(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ARGMAX, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_argmax(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_ARGMAX, { (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], 0, 0.0f, 0.0f }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_count_equal(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_count_equal(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, 0.0f, 0.0f }, dryrun);
+static void ggml_vk_solve_tri(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const uint32_t src0_type_size = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const uint32_t src1_type_size = ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    const uint32_t dst_type_size = ggml_type_size(dst->type);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_binary_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI, {
+        (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0),
+        (uint32_t)src0->ne[0], (uint32_t)src0->ne[1], (uint32_t)src0->ne[2],(uint32_t)src0->ne[3], (uint32_t)src0->nb[0] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[1] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[2] / src0_type_size, (uint32_t)src0->nb[3] / src0_type_size,
+        (uint32_t)src1->ne[0], (uint32_t)src1->ne[1], (uint32_t)src1->ne[2],(uint32_t)src1->ne[3], (uint32_t)src1->nb[0] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[1] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[2] / src1_type_size, (uint32_t)src1->nb[3] / src1_type_size,
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0], (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],(uint32_t) dst->ne[3], (uint32_t) dst->nb[0] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[1] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[2] /  dst_type_size, (uint32_t) dst->nb[3] /  dst_type_size,
+        0,
+        0.0f, 0.0f, 0,
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_im2col(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_im2col(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const int32_t s0 = dst->op_params[0];
     const int32_t s1 = dst->op_params[1];
     const int32_t p0 = dst->op_params[2];
@@ -7641,27 +11532,100 @@ static void ggml_vk_im2col(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, co
     const uint32_t batch_offset = src1->nb[is_2D ? 3 : 2] / 4; // nb is byte offset, src is type float32
 
     const uint32_t pelements = OW * KW * KH;
+    const uint32_t batch = src1->ne[is_2D ? 3 : 2];
+
+    const ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * d_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
+    const vk_buffer d_buf = d_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_im2col_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_IM2COL, {
+    const vk::DeviceAddress dst_addr = d_buf->bda_addr + vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_im2col_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_IM2COL, {
+        dst_addr,
         batch_offset, offset_delta,
         IC, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH,
         pelements,
         IC * KH * KW,
-        s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1,
-    }, dryrun);
+        s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, batch * IC
+    });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_im2col_3d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[8];
+    const int32_t IC = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = ne12;
+    const int64_t IH = ne11;
+    const int64_t IW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t KD = ne02;
+    const int64_t KH = ne01;
+    const int64_t KW = ne00;
+
+    const int64_t OD = ne3 / N;
+    const int64_t OH = ne2;
+    const int64_t OW = ne1;
+
+    const ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * d_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
+    const vk_buffer d_buf = d_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+
+    const vk::DeviceAddress dst_addr = d_buf->bda_addr + vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs;
+
+    vk_op_im2col_3d_push_constants pc {};
+
+    pc.dst_addr = dst_addr;
+    pc.nb10 = nb10 / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    pc.nb11 = nb11 / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    pc.nb12 = nb12 / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    pc.nb13 = nb13 / ggml_type_size(src1->type);
+    pc.s0 = s0;
+    pc.s1 = s1;
+    pc.s2 = s2;
+    pc.p0 = p0;
+    pc.p1 = p1;
+    pc.p2 = p2;
+    pc.d0 = d0;
+    pc.d1 = d1;
+    pc.d2 = d2;
+    pc.IW = IW;
+    pc.IH = IH;
+    pc.ID = ID;
+    pc.IC = IC;
+    pc.KW = KW;
+    pc.OH = OH;
+    pc.KD_KH_KW = KD*KH*KW;
+    pc.KH_KW = KH*KW;
+    pc.IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    pc.N_OD_OH = N*OD*OH;
+    pc.OD_OH = OD*OH;
+    pc.OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OD*OH*OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    pc.OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OH*OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    pc.OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_im2col_3d_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D, std::move(pc));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const uint32_t dim = dst->op_params[0];
     const uint32_t max_period = dst->op_params[1];
     const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_timestep_embedding_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_timestep_embedding_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING, {
         nb1, dim, max_period,
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     // src0: (K, Cout, Cin, 1) -- kernel
     // src1: (L, Cin, 1, 1) -- input
     // dst: (*, Cout, 1, 1)
@@ -7689,10 +11653,10 @@ static void ggml_vk_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     p.nb1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb1 / nb0);
     p.s0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(s0);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D, std::move(p), dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D, std::move(p));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_pool_2d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_pool_2d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     uint32_t op = static_cast<uint32_t>(dst->op_params[0]);
     const int32_t k1 = dst->op_params[1];
     const int32_t k0 = dst->op_params[2];
@@ -7712,15 +11676,55 @@ static void ggml_vk_pool_2d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, c
 
     const uint32_t parallel_elements = N * OC * OH * OW;
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_pool2d_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_POOL_2D, {
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_pool2d_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_POOL_2D, {
         IW, IH, OW, OH, OC,
         parallel_elements,
         op,
         k0, k1, s0, s1, p0, p1,
-    }, dryrun);
+    });
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_conv_2d(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context & subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0,
+                            const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == sizeof(float) || nb00 == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(float));
+
+    bool transpose = dst->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D;
+
+    vk_op_conv2d_push_constants p{};
+    p.Cout = static_cast<uint32_t>(!transpose ? ne03 : ne02);
+    p.Cin  = static_cast<uint32_t>(!transpose ? ne02 : ne03);
+    p.N    = static_cast<uint32_t>(ne13);
+    GGML_ASSERT(p.Cout == ne2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(p.Cin == ne12);
+
+    p.W  = static_cast<uint32_t>(ne10);
+    p.H  = static_cast<uint32_t>(ne11);
+    p.OW = static_cast<uint32_t>(ne0);
+    p.OH = static_cast<uint32_t>(ne1);
+
+    p.nb01 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb01 / nb00);
+    p.nb02 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb02 / nb00);
+    p.nb03 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb03 / nb00);
+
+    p.nb11 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb11 / nb10);
+    p.nb12 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb12 / nb10);
+    p.nb13 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb13 / nb10);
+
+    p.nb1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb1 / nb0);
+    p.nb2 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb2 / nb0);
+    p.nb3 = static_cast<uint32_t>(nb3 / nb0);
+
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, dst->op, std::move(p));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_conv_2d_dw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_conv_2d_dw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     vk_op_conv2d_dw_push_constants p{};
     p.ne = ggml_nelements(dst);
     p.channels = dst->ne[2];
@@ -7741,12 +11745,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_conv_2d_dw(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == p.channels);
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[3] == p.batches);
 
-    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW, std::move(p), dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32(ctx, subctx, src0, src1, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW, std::move(p));
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst, bool dryrun = false) {
+static void ggml_vk_leaky_relu(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& subctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const float * op_params = (const float *)dst->op_params;
-    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, op_params[0], 0.0f }, dryrun);
+    ggml_vk_op_f32<vk_op_push_constants>(ctx, subctx, src0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, dst, GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU, { (uint32_t)ggml_nelements(src0), 0, op_params[0], 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f });
 }
 
 #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS
@@ -7892,7 +11896,6 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m, size_t
         }
     }
 
-    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, p, num_it);
     if (split_k > 1) {
         ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce, num_it);
 
@@ -7901,19 +11904,15 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m, size_t
             if (ctx->prealloc_split_k != nullptr) {
                 ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_split_k);
             }
-            ctx->prealloc_split_k = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(float) * d_ne * split_k, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+            ctx->prealloc_split_k = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(float) * d_ne * split_k, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
         }
     }
 
-    if (ctx->device->need_compiles) {
-        ggml_vk_load_shaders(ctx->device);
-    }
-
     ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ctx);
 
-    vk_buffer d_X = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(X_TYPE) * x_ne, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-    vk_buffer d_Y = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(Y_TYPE) * y_ne, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-    vk_buffer d_D = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(float) * d_ne, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+    vk_buffer d_X = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(X_TYPE) * x_ne, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+    vk_buffer d_Y = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(Y_TYPE) * y_ne, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+    vk_buffer d_D = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(float) * d_ne, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
 
     X_TYPE* x = (X_TYPE *) malloc(sizeof(X_TYPE) * x_ne);
     Y_TYPE* y = (Y_TYPE *) malloc(sizeof(Y_TYPE) * y_ne);
@@ -7955,7 +11954,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m, size_t
     ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, subctx);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < num_it; i++) {
         ggml_vk_matmul(
-            ctx, subctx, p, ggml_vk_subbuffer(d_X), ggml_vk_subbuffer(d_Y), ggml_vk_subbuffer(d_D), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx->prealloc_split_k),
+            ctx, subctx, p, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_X), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_Y), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, d_D), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, ctx->prealloc_split_k),
             m, n, k,
             k, k, m, k*m, k*n, m*n,
             split_k, batch, batch, batch, 1, 1, n
@@ -8070,7 +12069,6 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m, size_t
     free(d_chk);
 
     ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(ctx->device, ctx->compute_cmd_pool);
-    ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(ctx->device, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
 
     ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(d_X);
     ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(d_Y);
@@ -8139,8 +12137,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t ne, ggml_
     const size_t qx_sz = ne * ggml_type_size(quant)/ggml_blck_size(quant);
     float * x = (float *) malloc(x_sz);
     void * qx = malloc(qx_sz);
-    vk_buffer qx_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qx_sz, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-    vk_buffer x_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, x_sz_f16, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+    vk_buffer qx_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qx_sz, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+    vk_buffer x_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, x_sz_f16, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
     float * x_ref = (float *) malloc(x_sz);
     ggml_fp16_t * x_chk = (ggml_fp16_t *) malloc(x_sz_f16);
 
@@ -8155,10 +12153,6 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t ne, ggml_
 
     ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, p, 1);
 
-    if (ctx->device->need_compiles) {
-        ggml_vk_load_shaders(ctx->device);
-    }
-
     ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ctx);
 
     ggml_vk_buffer_write(qx_buf, 0, qx, qx_sz);
@@ -8245,8 +12239,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t ne, ggml_
 //     float * x = (float *) malloc(x_sz);
 //     block_q8_1 * qx     = (block_q8_1 *)malloc(qx_sz);
 //     block_q8_1 * qx_res = (block_q8_1 *)malloc(qx_sz);
-//     vk_buffer x_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, x_sz, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-//     vk_buffer qx_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qx_sz, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+//     vk_buffer x_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, x_sz, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+//     vk_buffer qx_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qx_sz, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
 //
 //     for (size_t i = 0; i < ne; i++) {
 //         x[i] = rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
@@ -8256,17 +12250,13 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t ne, ggml_
 //
 //     ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, p, 1);
 //
-//     if (ctx->device->need_compiles) {
-//         ggml_vk_load_shaders(ctx->device);
-//     }
-//
 //     ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ctx);
 //
 //     ggml_vk_buffer_write(x_buf, 0, x, x_sz);
 //
 //     vk_context subctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->compute_cmd_pool);
 //     ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, subctx);
-//     ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ctx, subctx, ggml_vk_subbuffer(x_buf), ggml_vk_subbuffer(qx_buf), ne);
+//     ggml_vk_quantize_q8_1(ctx, subctx, ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, x_buf), ggml_vk_subbuffer(ctx, qx_buf), ne);
 //     ggml_vk_ctx_end(subctx);
 //
 //     auto begin = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
@@ -8393,10 +12383,10 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m,
     float * x = (float *) malloc(x_sz);
     float * y = (float *) malloc(y_sz);
     void * qx = malloc(qx_sz);
-    vk_buffer qx_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qx_sz, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-    vk_buffer y_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, y_sz, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-    vk_buffer qy_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qy_sz, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
-    vk_buffer d_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, d_sz, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+    vk_buffer qx_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qx_sz, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+    vk_buffer y_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, y_sz, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+    vk_buffer qy_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, qy_sz, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
+    vk_buffer d_buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, d_sz, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
     float * d = (float *) malloc(d_sz);
     float * d_chk = (float *) malloc(d_sz);
 
@@ -8414,7 +12404,6 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m,
         // y[i] = i % k;
     }
 
-    ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, p, num_it);
     if (split_k > 1) {
         ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce, num_it);
 
@@ -8423,15 +12412,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m,
             if (ctx->prealloc_split_k != nullptr) {
                 ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_split_k);
             }
-            ctx->prealloc_split_k = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(float) * d_ne * split_k, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
+            ctx->prealloc_split_k = ggml_vk_create_buffer_check(ctx->device, sizeof(float) * d_ne * split_k, {vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal});
         }
     }
     if (mmq) {
-        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, ctx->device->pipeline_quantize_q8_1, num_it);
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->device->need_compiles) {
-        ggml_vk_load_shaders(ctx->device);
+        vk_pipeline pipeline_quantize_q8_1 = ggml_vk_get_quantize_pipeline(ctx, GGML_TYPE_Q8_1);
+        ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline_quantize_q8_1, num_it);
     }
 
     ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ctx);
@@ -8571,7 +12557,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_test_dequant_matmul(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, size_t m,
 }
 #endif
 
-static void ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
+static void ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context subctx) {
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS)
     const std::vector<size_t> vals {
         512, 512, 128,
@@ -8661,6 +12647,17 @@ static void ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
     GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
 #endif
 
+    if (subctx) {
+        // Submit and wait for any pending work before reallocating the buffers
+        ggml_vk_ctx_end(subctx);
+        ggml_vk_submit(subctx, {});
+        ctx->submit_pending = true;
+        ggml_vk_synchronize(ctx);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->compute_ctx.expired());
+        ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, subctx);
+        ctx->compute_ctx = subctx;
+    }
+
     if (ctx->prealloc_x == nullptr || (ctx->prealloc_size_x > 0 && ctx->prealloc_x->size < ctx->prealloc_size_x)) {
         VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(x_size: " << ctx->prealloc_size_x << ")");
         // Resize buffer
@@ -8676,6 +12673,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
             ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_y);
         }
         ctx->prealloc_y = ggml_vk_create_buffer_device(ctx->device, ctx->prealloc_size_y);
+        ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = nullptr;
     }
     if (ctx->prealloc_split_k == nullptr || (ctx->prealloc_size_split_k > 0 && ctx->prealloc_split_k->size < ctx->prealloc_size_split_k)) {
         VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(split_k_size: " << ctx->prealloc_size_split_k << ")");
@@ -8684,373 +12682,491 @@ static void ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
             ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_split_k);
         }
         ctx->prealloc_split_k = ggml_vk_create_buffer_device(ctx->device, ctx->prealloc_size_split_k);
-    }
-}
-
-static bool ggml_vk_compute_forward(ggml_backend_vk_context* ctx, ggml_tensor* tensor, int tensor_idx, bool use_fence, bool almost_ready);
-
-// Returns true if node has enqueued work into the queue, false otherwise
-// If submit is true the current all operations queued so far are being submitted to Vulkan to overlap cmdlist creation and GPU execution.
-static bool ggml_vk_build_graph(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * node, int node_idx, ggml_tensor *node_begin, int node_idx_begin, bool dryrun, bool last_node, bool almost_ready, bool submit){
-    if (ggml_is_empty(node) || !node->buffer) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_build_graph(" << node << ", " << ggml_op_name(node->op) << ")");
-    ctx->semaphore_idx = 0;
-
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = node->src[0];
-    const ggml_tensor * src1 = node->src[1];
-    const ggml_tensor * src2 = node->src[2];
-    const ggml_tensor * src3 = node->src[3];
-
-    switch (node->op) {
-    // Return on empty ops to avoid generating a compute_ctx and setting exit_tensor
-    case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-    case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-    case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-    case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-    case GGML_OP_NONE:
-        return false;
-    case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-        switch (ggml_get_unary_op(node)) {
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-            break;
-        default:
-            return false;
-        }
-        break;
-    case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-    case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-    case GGML_OP_ADD:
-    case GGML_OP_ACC:
-    case GGML_OP_SUB:
-    case GGML_OP_MUL:
-    case GGML_OP_DIV:
-    case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-    case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-    case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-    case GGML_OP_SQR:
-    case GGML_OP_SIN:
-    case GGML_OP_COS:
-    case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-    case GGML_OP_PAD:
-    case GGML_OP_CPY:
-    case GGML_OP_CONT:
-    case GGML_OP_DUP:
-    case GGML_OP_SILU_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-    case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-    case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-    case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-    case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
-    case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-    case GGML_OP_SUM:
-    case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-    case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
-    case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
-    case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-    case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
-    case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
-    case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
-    case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
-    case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
-    case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
-    case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
-    case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
-    case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
-        break;
-    default:
-        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Error: Missing op: " << ggml_op_name(node->op) << std::endl;
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+    if (ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials == nullptr || (ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials > 0 && ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials->size < ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials)) {
+        VK_LOG_MEMORY("ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(add_partials_size: " << ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials << ")");
+        // Resize buffer
+        if (ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials != nullptr) {
+            ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials);
+        }
+        ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials = ggml_vk_create_buffer_device(ctx->device, ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_compute_forward(ggml_backend_vk_context* ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, ggml_tensor* tensor, int tensor_idx, bool almost_ready);
+
+// Returns true if node has enqueued work into the queue, false otherwise
+// If submit is true the current all operations queued so far are being submitted to Vulkan to overlap cmdlist creation and GPU execution.
+static bool ggml_vk_build_graph(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, ggml_tensor *node_begin, int node_idx_begin, bool last_node, bool almost_ready, bool submit){
+    ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    if (ggml_is_empty(node) || ggml_op_is_empty(node->op) || !node->buffer) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    vk_context compute_ctx;
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_build_graph(" << node << ", " << ggml_op_name(node->op) << ")");
+    ctx->semaphore_idx = 0;
 
-    if (!dryrun) {
-        if (ctx->compute_ctx.expired()) {
-            compute_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->compute_cmd_pool);
-            ctx->compute_ctx = compute_ctx;
-            ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, compute_ctx);
-        } else {
-            compute_ctx = ctx->compute_ctx.lock();
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = node->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = node->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * src2 = node->src[2];
+    ggml_tensor * src3 = node->src[3];
+
+    if (node->op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+        int next_node_idx = node_idx + 1 + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops;
+        if (next_node_idx < cgraph->n_nodes &&
+            cgraph->nodes[next_node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM &&
+            cgraph->nodes[next_node_idx]->src[0] == cgraph->nodes[next_node_idx - 1] &&
+            ggml_nrows(cgraph->nodes[next_node_idx]) == 1 &&
+            ctx->device->add_rms_fusion) {
+            uint32_t size = ggml_vk_rms_partials_size(ctx, cgraph->nodes[node_idx]);
+            ctx->do_add_rms_partials_offset_calculation = true;
+            if (ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials_offset + size <= ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials) {
+                ctx->do_add_rms_partials = true;
+            }
         }
-    } else {
-        switch (node->op) {
-        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-        case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
-        case GGML_OP_ACC:
-        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-        case GGML_OP_ADD:
-        case GGML_OP_SUB:
-        case GGML_OP_MUL:
-        case GGML_OP_DIV:
-        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-        case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-        case GGML_OP_SQR:
-        case GGML_OP_SIN:
-        case GGML_OP_COS:
-        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-        case GGML_OP_PAD:
-        case GGML_OP_CPY:
-        case GGML_OP_CONT:
-        case GGML_OP_DUP:
-        case GGML_OP_SILU_BACK:
-        case GGML_OP_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
-        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK:
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-        case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
-        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-        case GGML_OP_SUM:
-        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-        case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
-        case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
-        case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-        case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
-        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
-        case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
-        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
-        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
-            {
-                // These operations all go through ggml_vk_op_f32, so short-circuit and
-                // do the only thing needed for the dryrun.
-                vk_pipeline pipeline = ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ctx, src0, src1, src2, node, node->op);
-                ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(ctx, pipeline, 1);
+    }
+
+    vk_context compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+
+    {
+        // This logic detects dependencies between modes in the graph and calls ggml_vk_sync_buffers
+        // to synchronize them. This handles most "normal" synchronization when computing the graph, and when
+        // there is no auxiliary memory use, it shouldn't be necessary to call ggml_vk_sync_buffers
+        // outside of this logic. When a node uses one of the prealloc buffers for something like
+        // dequantization or split_k, additional synchronization is needed between those passes.
+        bool need_sync = false;
+
+        // Check whether "node" requires synchronization. The node requires synchronization if it
+        // overlaps in memory with another unsynchronized node and at least one of them is a write.
+        // Destination nodes are checked against both the written/read lists. Source nodes are only
+        // checked against the written list. Two nodes overlap in memory if they come from the same
+        // buffer and the tensor or view ranges overlap.
+        auto const &overlaps_unsynced = [&](const ggml_tensor *node, const std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> &unsynced_nodes) -> bool {
+            if (unsynced_nodes.size() == 0) {
                 return false;
             }
-        default:
-            break;
+            auto n_base = vk_tensor_offset(node) + node->view_offs;
+            auto n_size = ggml_nbytes(node);
+            ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * a_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)node->buffer->context;
+            vk_buffer a_buf = a_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+            for (auto &other : unsynced_nodes) {
+                ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * o_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)other->buffer->context;
+                vk_buffer o_buf = o_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+                if (a_buf == o_buf) {
+                    auto o_base = vk_tensor_offset(other) + other->view_offs;
+                    auto o_size = ggml_nbytes(other);
+
+                    if ((o_base <= n_base && n_base < o_base + o_size) ||
+                        (n_base <= o_base && o_base < n_base + n_size)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        // For all fused ops, check if the destination node or any of the source
+        // nodes require synchronization.
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1 && !need_sync; ++i) {
+            const ggml_tensor *cur_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i];
+            // If the node actually writes to memory, then check if it needs to sync
+            if (ctx->fused_ops_write_mask & (1 << i)) {
+                if (overlaps_unsynced(cur_node, ctx->unsynced_nodes_read) || overlaps_unsynced(cur_node, ctx->unsynced_nodes_written)) {
+                    need_sync = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++j) {
+                if (!cur_node->src[j]) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (overlaps_unsynced(cur_node->src[j], ctx->unsynced_nodes_written)) {
+                    need_sync = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (need_sync) {
+            if (vk_enable_sync_logger) {
+                std::cerr <<  "sync" << std::endl;
+            }
+            ctx->unsynced_nodes_written.clear();
+            ctx->unsynced_nodes_read.clear();
+            ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, compute_ctx);
+
+            if (vk_perf_logger_enabled && vk_perf_logger_concurrent) {
+                ctx->query_node_idx[ctx->query_idx] = node_idx;
+                compute_ctx->s->buffer->buf.writeTimestamp(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands, ctx->query_pool, ctx->query_idx++);
+            }
+        }
+        // Add all fused nodes to the unsynchronized lists.
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1; ++i) {
+            const ggml_tensor *cur_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i];
+            // Multiple outputs could be written, e.g. in topk_moe. Add them all to the list.
+            if (ctx->fused_ops_write_mask & (1 << i)) {
+                ctx->unsynced_nodes_written.push_back(cur_node);
+            }
+            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++j) {
+                if (!cur_node->src[j]) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ctx->unsynced_nodes_read.push_back(cur_node->src[j]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (vk_enable_sync_logger) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1; ++i) {
+            auto *n = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i];
+            std::cerr << node_idx + i << " " << ggml_op_name(n->op) << " " <<  n->name;
+            if (n->op == GGML_OP_GLU) {
+                std::cerr << " " << ggml_glu_op_name(ggml_get_glu_op(n)) << " " << (n->src[1] ? "split" : "single") << " ";
+            }
+            if (n->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
+                const int mode = ((const int32_t *) n->op_params)[2];
+                std::cerr << " rope mode: " << mode;
+            }
+            std::cerr << std::endl;
         }
     }
 
     switch (node->op) {
     case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-        ggml_vk_repeat(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_repeat(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
-        ggml_vk_repeat_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_repeat_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_ACC:
-        ggml_vk_acc(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+    case GGML_OP_SET:
+        ggml_vk_acc(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-        ggml_vk_get_rows(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_get_rows(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_ADD:
-        ggml_vk_add(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
-
+        if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops) {
+            ggml_vk_multi_add(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx);
+        } else {
+            ggml_vk_add(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
+        }
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SUB:
-        ggml_vk_sub(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_sub(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_MUL:
-        ggml_vk_mul(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_mul(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_DIV:
-        ggml_vk_div(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_div(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+        ggml_vk_add_id(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-        ggml_vk_concat(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_concat(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-        ggml_vk_upscale(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_upscale(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_ADD1:
+        ggml_vk_add1(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+        ggml_vk_arange(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_FILL:
+        ggml_vk_fill(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-        ggml_vk_scale(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_scale(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SQR:
-        ggml_vk_sqr(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_sqr(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+        ggml_vk_sqrt(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SIN:
-        ggml_vk_sin(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_sin(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_COS:
-        ggml_vk_cos(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_cos(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_LOG:
+        ggml_vk_log(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_TRI:
+        ggml_vk_tri(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+        ggml_vk_diag(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-        ggml_vk_clamp(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_clamp(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_PAD:
-        ggml_vk_pad(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_pad(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+        ggml_vk_roll(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_CPY:
     case GGML_OP_CONT:
     case GGML_OP_DUP:
-        ggml_vk_cpy(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_cpy(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+        ggml_vk_set_rows(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SILU_BACK:
-        ggml_vk_silu_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_silu_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_NORM:
-        ggml_vk_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-        ggml_vk_group_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_group_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-        ggml_vk_rms_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
-
+        ggml_vk_rms_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx, (float *)node->op_params);
         break;
     case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
-        ggml_vk_rms_norm_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_rms_norm_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
-        ggml_vk_l2_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_l2_norm(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+        if (ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode != TOPK_MOE_COUNT) {
+            ggml_vk_topk_moe(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx);
+            break;
+        }
+
         switch (ggml_get_unary_op(node)) {
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
         case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
         case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
         case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
         case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
         case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
         case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-            ggml_vk_unary(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
+            ggml_vk_unary(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+            break;
+        case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+            ggml_vk_xielu(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+            break;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_GLU:
+        switch (ggml_get_glu_op(node)) {
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+        case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+            ggml_vk_glu(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
             break;
         default:
             return false;
         }
         break;
     case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-        ggml_vk_diag_mask_inf(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_diag_mask_inf(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-        ggml_vk_soft_max(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        if (ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode != TOPK_MOE_COUNT) {
+            ggml_vk_topk_moe(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx);
+        } else {
+            ggml_vk_soft_max(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, node);
+        }
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK:
-        ggml_vk_soft_max_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_soft_max_back(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-        ggml_vk_rope(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, node, false, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_rope(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx, false);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
-        ggml_vk_rope(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, node, true, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_rope(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx, true);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-        ggml_vk_argsort(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        if (ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode != TOPK_MOE_COUNT) {
+            ggml_vk_topk_moe(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx);
+        } else {
+            ggml_vk_argsort(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+        }
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+        ggml_vk_topk(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SUM:
-        ggml_vk_sum(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_sum(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-        ggml_vk_sum_rows(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_sum_rows(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        ggml_vk_cumsum(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+        ggml_vk_mean(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
-        ggml_vk_argmax(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_argmax(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
-        ggml_vk_count_equal(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_count_equal(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+        ggml_vk_solve_tri(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-        ggml_vk_im2col(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_im2col(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+        ggml_vk_im2col_3d(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
-        ggml_vk_timestep_embedding(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_timestep_embedding(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
-        ggml_vk_conv_transpose_1d(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_conv_transpose_1d(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
-        ggml_vk_pool_2d(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_pool_2d(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
+
+        break;
+    case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+    case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
+        ggml_vk_conv_2d(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
-        ggml_vk_conv_2d_dw(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_conv_2d_dw(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
-        ggml_vk_leaky_relu(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_leaky_relu(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, node);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx);
 
         break;
     case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
-        ggml_vk_mul_mat_id(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_mul_mat_id(ctx, compute_ctx, cgraph, node_idx);
 
         break;
 
     case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
-        ggml_vk_flash_attn(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, src3, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_flash_attn(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, src3, node->src[4], node);
 
         break;
 
     case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
-        ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv6(ctx, compute_ctx, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv6(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
 
         break;
 
     case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
-        ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv7(ctx, compute_ctx, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_rwkv_wkv7(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
+
+        break;
+
+    case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+        ggml_vk_gated_delta_net(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
+
+        break;
+
+    case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+        ggml_vk_ssm_scan(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
+
+        break;
+
+    case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+        ggml_vk_ssm_conv(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
 
         break;
 
     case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
-        ggml_vk_opt_step_adamw(ctx, compute_ctx, node, dryrun);
+        ggml_vk_opt_step_adamw(ctx, compute_ctx, node);
 
         break;
-    default:
-        return false;
-    }
 
-    if (dryrun) {
+    case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+        ggml_vk_opt_step_sgd(ctx, compute_ctx, src0, src1, src2, node);
+
+        break;
+    default:
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -9075,118 +13191,23 @@ static bool ggml_vk_build_graph(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * nod
 
         ctx->compute_ctx.reset();
 
-        bool ok = ggml_vk_compute_forward(ctx, node_begin, node_idx_begin, false, almost_ready);
-        if (!ok) {
-            if (node->op == GGML_OP_UNARY) {
-                std::cerr << __func__ << ": error: op not supported UNARY " << node->name << " (" << ggml_unary_op_name(static_cast<ggml_unary_op>(node->op_params[0])) << ")" << std::endl;
-            }
-            else {
-                std::cerr << __func__ << ": error: op not supported " << node->name << " (" << ggml_op_name(node->op) << ")" << std::endl;
-            }
-        }
-
+        ggml_vk_compute_forward(ctx, cgraph, node_begin, node_idx_begin, almost_ready);
     }
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool ggml_vk_compute_forward(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * tensor, int tensor_idx, bool use_fence = true, bool almost_ready = false) {
-    ggml_backend_buffer * buf = nullptr;
-
-    switch (tensor->op) {
-    case GGML_OP_ADD:
-    case GGML_OP_ACC:
-    case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
-    case GGML_OP_SUB:
-    case GGML_OP_MUL:
-    case GGML_OP_DIV:
-    case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
-    case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-    case GGML_OP_SCALE:
-    case GGML_OP_SQR:
-    case GGML_OP_SIN:
-    case GGML_OP_COS:
-    case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
-    case GGML_OP_PAD:
-    case GGML_OP_CPY:
-    case GGML_OP_CONT:
-    case GGML_OP_DUP:
-    case GGML_OP_SILU_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
-    case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
-    case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-    case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_ROPE:
-    case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-    case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-    case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-    case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-    case GGML_OP_NONE:
-    case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
-    case GGML_OP_SUM:
-    case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-    case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
-    case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
-    case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
-    case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
-    case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
-    case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
-    case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
-    case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
-    case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
-    case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
-    case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
-    case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
-    case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
-        buf = tensor->buffer;
-
-        break;
-    case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-        switch (ggml_get_unary_op(tensor)) {
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-            buf = tensor->buffer;
-            break;
-        default:
-            return false;
-        }
-        break;
-    case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
-    case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
-    case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
-        buf = tensor->buffer;
-
-        break;
-    default:
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (buf == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-    }
+static void ggml_vk_compute_forward(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, ggml_tensor * tensor, int tensor_idx, bool almost_ready = false) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(cgraph);
+    GGML_UNUSED(tensor);
 
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_compute_forward(" << tensor << ", name=" << tensor->name << ", op=" << ggml_op_name(tensor->op) << ", type=" << tensor->type << ", ne0=" << tensor->ne[0] << ", ne1=" << tensor->ne[1] << ", ne2=" << tensor->ne[2] << ", ne3=" << tensor->ne[3] << ", nb0=" << tensor->nb[0] << ", nb1=" << tensor->nb[1] << ", nb2=" << tensor->nb[2] << ", nb3=" << tensor->nb[3] << ", view_src=" << tensor->view_src << ", view_offs=" << tensor->view_offs << ")");
 
     vk_context subctx = ctx->tensor_ctxs[tensor_idx].lock();
 
-    // always wait for the GPU work to be done for the last submit
-    if (tensor_idx == subctx->exit_tensor_idx) {
-        use_fence = true;
-    }
-
     // Only run if ctx hasn't been submitted yet
     if (!subctx->seqs.empty()) {
 #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS
-        ggml_vk_check_results_0(tensor);
-        use_fence = true;
+        ggml_vk_check_results_0(ctx, cgraph, tensor_idx);
 #endif
 
         // Do staging buffer copies
@@ -9194,18 +13215,21 @@ static bool ggml_vk_compute_forward(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_tensor *
             memcpy(cpy.dst, cpy.src, cpy.n);
         }
 
-        if (almost_ready && !ctx->almost_ready_fence_pending && !use_fence) {
+        for (auto& mset : subctx->memsets) {
+            memset(mset.dst, mset.val, mset.n);
+        }
+
+        if (almost_ready && !ctx->almost_ready_fence_pending) {
             ggml_vk_submit(subctx, ctx->almost_ready_fence);
             ctx->almost_ready_fence_pending = true;
         } else {
-            ggml_vk_submit(subctx, use_fence ? ctx->fence : vk::Fence{});
+            ggml_vk_submit(subctx, {});
         }
+        ctx->submit_pending = true;
 
-        if (use_fence) {
-            ggml_vk_wait_for_fence(ctx);
-        }
 #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS
-        ggml_vk_check_results_1(tensor);
+        ggml_vk_synchronize(ctx);
+        ggml_vk_check_results_1(ctx, cgraph, tensor_idx);
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -9216,21 +13240,23 @@ static bool ggml_vk_compute_forward(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_tensor *
         }
         subctx->in_memcpys.clear();
         subctx->out_memcpys.clear();
+        subctx->memsets.clear();
     }
-
-    return true;
 }
 
 // Clean up after graph processing is done
 static void ggml_vk_graph_cleanup(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_graph_cleanup()");
-    for (auto& buffer : ctx->gc.temp_buffers) {
-        ggml_vk_pool_free(ctx, buffer);
-    }
-    ctx->gc.temp_buffers.clear();
+    ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = {};
+
+    ctx->unsynced_nodes_written.clear();
+    ctx->unsynced_nodes_read.clear();
+    ctx->prealloc_x_need_sync = ctx->prealloc_y_need_sync = ctx->prealloc_split_k_need_sync = false;
 
     ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(ctx->device, ctx->compute_cmd_pool);
-    ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(ctx->device, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
+    if (ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue) {
+        ggml_vk_command_pool_cleanup(ctx->device, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
+    }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->gc.semaphores.size(); i++) {
         ctx->device->device.destroySemaphore({ ctx->gc.semaphores[i].s });
@@ -9258,15 +13284,20 @@ static void ggml_vk_graph_cleanup(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
 // Clean up on backend free
 static void ggml_vk_cleanup(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_cleanup(" << ctx->name << ")");
+    // discard any unsubmitted command buffers
+    ctx->compute_ctx.reset();
+    // wait for any pending command buffers to finish
+    ggml_vk_synchronize(ctx);
+
     ggml_vk_graph_cleanup(ctx);
 
     ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_x);
     ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_y);
     ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_split_k);
+    ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials);
+    ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(ctx->sync_staging);
 
-    for (auto& buffer : ctx->buffer_pool) {
-        ggml_vk_destroy_buffer(buffer);
-    }
+    ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = nullptr;
 
     ctx->prealloc_size_x = 0;
     ctx->prealloc_size_y = 0;
@@ -9287,7 +13318,14 @@ static void ggml_vk_cleanup(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
     ctx->descriptor_sets.clear();
 
     ctx->compute_cmd_pool.destroy(ctx->device->device);
-    ctx->transfer_cmd_pool.destroy(ctx->device->device);
+    if (ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue) {
+        ctx->device->device.destroySemaphore(ctx->transfer_semaphore.s);
+
+        ctx->transfer_cmd_pool.destroy(ctx->device->device);
+    }
+    if (vk_perf_logger_enabled) {
+        ctx->perf_logger->print_timings(true);
+    }
 }
 
 static int ggml_vk_get_device_count() {
@@ -9343,6 +13381,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_vk_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, g
     ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
     vk_buffer buf = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
 
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     uint32_t val32 = (uint32_t)value * 0x01010101;
     ggml_vk_buffer_memset(buf, vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset, val32, size);
 }
@@ -9352,6 +13394,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_vk_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml
     ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
     vk_buffer buf = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
 
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     ggml_vk_buffer_write(buf, vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset, data, size);
 }
 
@@ -9359,12 +13405,20 @@ static void ggml_backend_vk_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, cons
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_buffer_get_tensor(" << buffer << ", " << tensor << ", " << data << ", " << offset << ", " << size << ")");
     ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
 
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     vk_buffer buf = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
 
     ggml_vk_buffer_read(buf, vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset, data, size);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_vk_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src) == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_vk(src->buffer)) {
         ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src->buffer->context;
         ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
@@ -9554,22 +13608,46 @@ static void ggml_backend_vk_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_tensor
     ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
     GGML_ASSERT((tensor->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_vk_get_default_buffer_type(backend) || tensor->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_vk_host_buffer_type()) && "unsupported buffer type");
 
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)tensor->buffer->context;
 
-    vk_context transfer_ctx;
+    vk_context cpy_ctx;
 
-    if (ctx->transfer_ctx.expired()) {
-        // Initialize new transfer context
-        transfer_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
-        ctx->transfer_ctx = transfer_ctx;
-        ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, transfer_ctx);
+    if (ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue) {
+        if (ctx->transfer_ctx.expired()) {
+            // Initialize new transfer context
+            cpy_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
+            ctx->transfer_ctx = cpy_ctx;
+            ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, cpy_ctx);
+        } else {
+            cpy_ctx = ctx->transfer_ctx.lock();
+        }
     } else {
-        transfer_ctx = ctx->transfer_ctx.lock();
+        cpy_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
     }
 
     vk_buffer buf = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
 
-    ggml_vk_buffer_write_async(transfer_ctx, buf, vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset, data, size);
+    auto dst_offset = vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset;
+
+    bool ret = ggml_vk_buffer_write_async(cpy_ctx, buf, dst_offset, data, size);
+
+    if (!ret) {
+        ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(ctx, size);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(nullptr, cpy_ctx);
+
+        vk::BufferCopy buffer_cpy;
+        buffer_cpy.srcOffset = 0;
+        buffer_cpy.dstOffset = dst_offset;
+        buffer_cpy.size = size;
+
+        cpy_ctx->s->buffer->buf.copyBuffer(ctx->sync_staging->buffer, buf->buffer, { buffer_cpy });
+        deferred_memcpy(ctx->sync_staging->ptr, data, size, &cpy_ctx->in_memcpys);
+        ggml_vk_synchronize(ctx);
+    }
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_vk_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
@@ -9577,102 +13655,600 @@ static void ggml_backend_vk_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_
     ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
     GGML_ASSERT((tensor->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_vk_get_default_buffer_type(backend) || tensor->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_vk_host_buffer_type()) && "unsupported buffer type");
 
-    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)tensor->buffer->context;
+    if (size == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    vk_context transfer_ctx;
+    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)tensor->buffer->context;
 
-    if (ctx->transfer_ctx.expired()) {
-        // Initialize new transfer context
-        transfer_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
-        ctx->transfer_ctx = transfer_ctx;
-        ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, transfer_ctx);
-    } else {
-        transfer_ctx = ctx->transfer_ctx.lock();
-    }
+    vk_context compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
 
     vk_buffer buf = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
 
-    ggml_vk_buffer_read_async(transfer_ctx, buf, vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset, data, size);
+    auto src_offset = vk_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset;
+    bool ret = ggml_vk_buffer_read_async(compute_ctx, buf, src_offset, data, size);
+
+    // If that failed, copy synchronously through a staging buffer
+    if (!ret) {
+        ggml_vk_ensure_sync_staging_buffer(ctx, size);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(nullptr, compute_ctx);
+
+        vk::BufferCopy buffer_cpy;
+        buffer_cpy.srcOffset = src_offset;
+        buffer_cpy.dstOffset = 0;
+        buffer_cpy.size = size;
+
+        compute_ctx->s->buffer->buf.copyBuffer(buf->buffer, ctx->sync_staging->buffer, { buffer_cpy });
+        deferred_memcpy(data, ctx->sync_staging->ptr, size, &compute_ctx->out_memcpys);
+        ggml_vk_synchronize(ctx);
+    }
 }
 
-static bool ggml_backend_vk_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_cpy_tensor_async()");
-    ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
-    if ((dst->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_vk_get_default_buffer_type(backend) || dst->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_vk_host_buffer_type()) && ggml_backend_buffer_is_vk(src->buffer)) {
+static bool ggml_backend_vk_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend_src, ggml_backend_t backend_dst, const ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_cpy_tensor_async(" << src << " -> " << dst << ", size=" << ggml_nbytes(src) << ")");
+    ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend_dst->context;
+
+    // Skip zero-size tensors
+    if (ggml_nbytes(src) == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (dst->buffer->buft != ggml_backend_vk_get_default_buffer_type(backend_dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
+    vk_buffer dst_buf = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+
+    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_vk(src->buffer)) {
         ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * src_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)src->buffer->context;
-        ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * dst_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)dst->buffer->context;
 
-        vk_context transfer_ctx;
+        // Async copy only works within the same device
+        if (src_buf_ctx->dev_buffer->device != dst_buf->device) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
-        if (ctx->transfer_ctx.expired()) {
-            // Initialize new transfer context
-            transfer_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
-            ctx->transfer_ctx = transfer_ctx;
-            ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, transfer_ctx);
+        vk_context compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+
+        ggml_vk_buffer_copy_async(compute_ctx, dst_buf, vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs,
+                                   src_buf_ctx->dev_buffer, vk_tensor_offset(src) + src->view_offs,
+                                   ggml_nbytes(src));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
+        vk_buffer pinned_buf = nullptr;
+        size_t pinned_offset = 0;
+        ggml_vk_host_get(ctx->device, src->data, pinned_buf, pinned_offset);
+        if (pinned_buf == nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        vk_context cpy_ctx;
+        if (ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue) {
+            if (ctx->transfer_ctx.expired()) {
+                cpy_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->transfer_cmd_pool);
+                ctx->transfer_ctx = cpy_ctx;
+                ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, cpy_ctx);
+            } else {
+                cpy_ctx = ctx->transfer_ctx.lock();
+            }
+        } else {
+            cpy_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+        }
+
+        return ggml_vk_buffer_write_async(cpy_ctx, dst_buf,
+                                          vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs,
+                                          src->data, ggml_nbytes(src));
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend_src);
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void ggml_vk_synchronize(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_synchronize()");
+
+    bool do_transfer = !ctx->compute_ctx.expired();
+
+    if (ggml_vk_submit_transfer_ctx(ctx)) {
+        ctx->submit_pending = true;
+    }
+
+    vk_context compute_ctx;
+    vk_command_buffer* cmd_buf = nullptr;
+    if (do_transfer) {
+        compute_ctx = ctx->compute_ctx.lock();
+        if (compute_ctx->s) {
+            cmd_buf = compute_ctx->s->buffer;
+        }
+
+        ggml_vk_ctx_end(compute_ctx);
+
+        for (auto& cpy : compute_ctx->in_memcpys) {
+            memcpy(cpy.dst, cpy.src, cpy.n);
+        }
+
+        ggml_vk_submit(compute_ctx, {});
+        ctx->submit_pending = true;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->submit_pending) {
+        if (ctx->device->async_use_transfer_queue && ctx->transfer_semaphore_last_submitted < ctx->transfer_semaphore.value) {
+            vk::TimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo tl_info{
+                1, &ctx->transfer_semaphore.value,
+                0, nullptr,
+            };
+            vk::PipelineStageFlags stage = ctx->device->transfer_queue.stage_flags;
+            vk::SubmitInfo si{
+                1, &ctx->transfer_semaphore.s, &stage,
+                0, nullptr,
+                0, nullptr,
+            };
+            si.setPNext(&tl_info);
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(queue_mutex);
+            ctx->device->compute_queue.queue.submit({ si }, ctx->fence);
+            ctx->transfer_semaphore_last_submitted = ctx->transfer_semaphore.value;
         } else {
-            transfer_ctx = ctx->transfer_ctx.lock();
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(queue_mutex);
+            ctx->device->compute_queue.queue.submit({}, ctx->fence);
+        }
+        ggml_vk_wait_for_fence(ctx);
+        ctx->submit_pending = false;
+        if (cmd_buf) {
+            cmd_buf->in_use = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (do_transfer) {
+        for (auto& cpy : compute_ctx->out_memcpys) {
+            memcpy(cpy.dst, cpy.src, cpy.n);
+        }
+        ctx->compute_ctx.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_vk_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_synchronize()");
+    ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_vk_synchronize(ctx);
+
+    ggml_vk_graph_cleanup(ctx);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_vk_is_empty(ggml_tensor * node) {
+    return ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_vk_can_fuse(const ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> ops) {
+    if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, ops)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL) {
+        // additional constraints specific to this fusion
+        const ggml_tensor *rms_norm = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        // rms_norm only supports f32
+        if (mul->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            mul->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            mul->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // if rms_norm is the B operand, then we don't handle broadcast
+        if (rms_norm == mul->src[1] &&
+            !ggml_are_same_shape(mul->src[0], rms_norm)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // rms_norm shader assumes contiguous rows
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous_rows(mul->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous_rows(mul->src[1])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    auto const &mm_add_ok = [&](const ggml_tensor *mul, const ggml_tensor *add) {
+        const ggml_tensor *bias = add->src[0] == mul ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        // mat-vec only
+        if (ggml_nrows(mul) != 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // shaders assume the types match
+        if (mul->type != bias->type) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // shaders reuse the D shape for bias
+        if (!ggml_are_same_shape(mul, bias) ||
+            !ggml_are_same_stride(mul, bias)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // unaligned bias isn't handled
+        if (get_misalign_bytes(ctx, bias) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    if ((ops.size() == 2 || ops.size() == 3) && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+        // additional constraints specific to this fusion
+        const ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+
+        if (!mm_add_ok(mul, add)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (ops.size() == 3) {
+            if (ops.begin()[2] != GGML_OP_ADD) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!mm_add_ok(add, cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto const &mmid_mul_ok = [&](const ggml_tensor *mmid, const ggml_tensor *mul) {
+        const ggml_tensor *scale = mul->src[1];
+
+        if (mmid != mul->src[0]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // mat-vec only
+        if (!ggml_vk_use_mul_mat_vec_id(cgraph, node_idx)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // shaders assume the types match
+        if (mmid->type != scale->type) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // shaders assume the bias is contiguous
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(scale)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // unaligned bias isn't handled
+        if (get_misalign_bytes(ctx, scale) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // shader only indexes by expert index
+        if (scale->ne[0] != 1 ||
+            scale->ne[1] != mul->ne[1] ||
+            scale->ne[2] != 1 ||
+            scale->ne[3] != 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    if ((ops.size() == 2 || ops.size() == 3) && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_ADD_ID) {
+        // additional constraints specific to this fusion
+        const ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor *bias = add->src[1];
+
+        if (mul != add->src[0]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // mat-vec only
+        if (!ggml_vk_use_mul_mat_vec_id(cgraph, node_idx)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // shaders assume the types match
+        if (mul->type != bias->type) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // shaders assume the bias is contiguous
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(bias)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // the ID tensor must be the same for mul_mat_id and add_id
+        if (mul->src[2] != add->src[2]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // unaligned bias isn't handled
+        if (get_misalign_bytes(ctx, bias) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (ops.size() == 3) {
+            if (ops.begin()[2] != GGML_OP_MUL) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+            return mmid_mul_ok(add, mul);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL) {
+        // additional constraints specific to this fusion
+        const ggml_tensor *mmid = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+
+        if (!mmid_mul_ok(mmid, mul)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_vk_can_fuse_topk_moe(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                      int node_idx, topk_moe_mode mode) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * softmax;
+    const ggml_tensor * weights;
+    const ggml_tensor * get_rows;
+    const ggml_tensor * argsort;
+
+    switch (mode) {
+    case TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX_NORM:
+        softmax = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0];
+        weights = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 9];
+        get_rows = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 4];
+        argsort = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+        break;
+    case TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS:
+        softmax = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0]; // really sigmoid
+        weights = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 10];
+        get_rows = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 5];
+        argsort = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 3];
+        if (ggml_get_unary_op(softmax) != GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // bias is expected to be 1D
+        if (ggml_nrows(cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->src[1]) != 1 ||
+            !ggml_is_contiguous(cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2]->src[1])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // sigmoid fusion seems to generate infinities on moltenvk
+        if (ctx->device->driver_id == vk::DriverId::eMoltenvk) {
+            return false;
         }
+        break;
+    case TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX:
+        softmax = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0];
+        weights = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 4];
+        get_rows = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 4];
+        argsort = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+        break;
+    case TOPK_MOE_LATE_SOFTMAX:
+        softmax = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 4];
+        weights = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 5];
+        get_rows = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+        argsort = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0];
+        break;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * probs = get_rows->src[0];
+    if (probs->op != GGML_OP_RESHAPE) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    probs = probs->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * selection_probs = argsort->src[0];
+
+    if (probs != selection_probs && mode != TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(softmax->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous(weights)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (softmax->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
+        const float * op_params = (const float *)softmax->op_params;
+
+        float scale = op_params[0];
+        float max_bias = op_params[1];
+
+        if (scale != 1.0f || max_bias != 0.0f) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // don't fuse when masks or sinks are present
+        if (softmax->src[1] || softmax->src[2]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int n_expert = softmax->ne[0];
+    if (n_expert > (1 << (num_topk_moe_pipelines-1))) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ctx->device->subgroup_arithmetic ||
+        !ctx->device->subgroup_shuffle ||
+        !ctx->device->subgroup_require_full_support ||
+        ctx->device->disable_fusion) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_vk_can_fuse_rope_set_rows(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                           int node_idx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    const ggml_tensor *rope = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0];
+    const ggml_tensor *view = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+    const ggml_tensor *set_rows = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+
+    // ne3 not tested
+    if (rope->src[0]->ne[3] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (set_rows->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && set_rows->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (set_rows->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // The view should flatten two dims of rope into one dim
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(view) ||
+        view->ne[0] != rope->ne[0] * rope->ne[1]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Only norm/neox/mrope shaders have the fusion code
+    const int mode = ((const int32_t *) rope->op_params)[2];
+    if (mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Check whether the tensors overlap in memory.
+// Fusions can potentially overwrite src tensors in ways that are not prevented
+// by ggml-alloc. If the fusion src is being applied in a way that's elementwise
+// with the destination, then it's OK for them to overlap if they are exactly equal.
+static bool ggml_vk_tensors_overlap(const ggml_tensor * a, const ggml_tensor * b, bool elementwise) {
+    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * a_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)a->buffer->context;
+    vk_buffer a_buf = a_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * b_buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)b->buffer->context;
+    vk_buffer b_buf = b_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+    if (a_buf == b_buf) {
+        auto a_base = vk_tensor_offset(a) + a->view_offs;
+        auto a_size = ggml_nbytes(a);
+        auto b_base = vk_tensor_offset(b) + b->view_offs;
+        auto b_size = ggml_nbytes(b);
+
+        if (elementwise && a_base == b_base && a_size == b_size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ((b_base <= a_base && a_base < b_base + b_size) ||
+            (a_base <= b_base && b_base < a_base + a_size)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_vk_can_fuse_rms_norm_mul_rope(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                               int node_idx) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    const ggml_tensor *rms = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 0];
+    const ggml_tensor *mul = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+    const ggml_tensor *rope = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+
+    const int mode = ((const int32_t *) rope->op_params)[2];
+
+    // noncontig tensors aren't tested, and don't seem common in practice
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(rms) ||
+        !ggml_is_contiguous(mul) ||
+        !ggml_is_contiguous(rope)) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-        vk_buffer src_buf = src_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-        vk_buffer dst_buf = dst_buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+    // only norm/neox are handled in the shader
+    if (mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-        ggml_vk_buffer_copy_async(transfer_ctx, dst_buf, vk_tensor_offset(dst) + dst->view_offs, src_buf, vk_tensor_offset(src) + src->view_offs, ggml_nbytes(src));
-        return true;
+    // shared memory size for passing data from mul->rope
+    if (mul->ne[0] > 1024) {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    return false;
+    // conditions for pipeline creation
+    if (!(ctx->device->float_controls_rte_fp16 &&
+        sizeof(vk_op_rms_norm_mul_rope_push_constants) <= ctx->device->properties.limits.maxPushConstantsSize)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
-static void ggml_backend_vk_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_synchronize()");
-    ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
-    if(ctx->transfer_ctx.expired()) {
-        return;
+static uint32_t ggml_vk_fuse_multi_add(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor *first_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+    if (first_node->op != GGML_OP_ADD) {
+        return 0;
     }
 
-    vk_context transfer_ctx = ctx->transfer_ctx.lock();
+    if (!ctx->device->multi_add) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-    ggml_vk_ctx_end(transfer_ctx);
+    int32_t num_adds = 1;
+    while (node_idx + num_adds < cgraph->n_nodes &&
+           cgraph->nodes[node_idx + num_adds]->op == GGML_OP_ADD &&
+           num_adds < MAX_FUSED_ADDS) {
+        num_adds++;
+    }
 
-    for (auto& cpy : transfer_ctx->in_memcpys) {
-        memcpy(cpy.dst, cpy.src, cpy.n);
+    // The shader currently requires same shapes (but different strides are allowed),
+    // everything f32, and no misalignment
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < num_adds; ++i) {
+        const ggml_tensor *next_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + i];
+        if (!ggml_are_same_shape(first_node, next_node->src[0]) ||
+            !ggml_are_same_shape(first_node, next_node->src[1]) ||
+            next_node->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            next_node->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            next_node->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            get_misalign_bytes(ctx, next_node) ||
+            get_misalign_bytes(ctx, next_node->src[0]) ||
+            get_misalign_bytes(ctx, next_node->src[1])) {
+            num_adds = i;
+        }
     }
 
-    ggml_vk_submit(transfer_ctx, ctx->fence);
-    ggml_vk_wait_for_fence(ctx);
+    // Verify we can fuse these
+    ggml_op adds[MAX_FUSED_ADDS];
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < num_adds; ++i) {
+        adds[i] = GGML_OP_ADD;
+    }
 
-    for (auto& cpy : transfer_ctx->out_memcpys) {
-        memcpy(cpy.dst, cpy.src, cpy.n);
+    // decrease num_adds if they can't all be fused
+    while (num_adds > 1 && !ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, adds, num_adds)) {
+        num_adds--;
     }
 
-    ctx->transfer_ctx.reset();
+    // a single add is not "fused", so just return zero
+    if (num_adds == 1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return num_adds;
 }
 
-static bool ggml_vk_is_empty(ggml_tensor * node) {
-    return ggml_is_empty(node) || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE;
+static int32_t find_first_set(uint32_t x) {
+    int32_t ret = 0;
+    if (!x) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    while (!(x & 1)) {
+        x >>= 1;
+        ret++;
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
 
 static ggml_status ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute(" << cgraph->n_nodes << " nodes)");
     ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
 
-    uint64_t total_mat_mul_bytes = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-        ggml_vk_build_graph(ctx, cgraph->nodes[i], i, nullptr, 0, true, false, false, false);
-        if (cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT || cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
-            total_mat_mul_bytes += ggml_nbytes(cgraph->nodes[i]->src[0]);
-        }
-    }
-    if (ctx->device->need_compiles) {
-        ggml_vk_load_shaders(ctx->device);
+    if (vk_instance.debug_utils_support) {
+        vk::DebugUtilsLabelEXT dul = {};
+        dul.pLabelName = "ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute";
+        dul.color = std::array<float,4>{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
+        vk_instance.pfn_vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT(ctx->device->compute_queue.queue, reinterpret_cast<VkDebugUtilsLabelEXT*>(&dul));
     }
-    ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx);
-    ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ctx);
+
+    ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials_offset = 0;
+    ctx->do_add_rms_partials = false;
+    ctx->do_add_rms_partials_offset_calculation = false;
 
     int last_node = cgraph->n_nodes - 1;
 
     // If the last op in the cgraph isn't backend GPU, the command buffer doesn't get closed properly
-    while (last_node > 0 && ggml_vk_is_empty(cgraph->nodes[last_node])) {
+    while (last_node > 0 && (ggml_vk_is_empty(cgraph->nodes[last_node]) || ((cgraph->nodes[last_node]->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0))) {
         last_node -= 1;
     }
 
@@ -9682,27 +14258,47 @@ static ggml_status ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cg
     bool first_node_in_batch = true; // true if next node will be first node in a batch
     int submit_node_idx = 0; // index to first node in a batch
 
+    ggml_vk_submit_transfer_ctx(ctx);
+
     vk_context compute_ctx;
     if (vk_perf_logger_enabled) {
         // allocate/resize the query pool
-        if (ctx->device->num_queries < cgraph->n_nodes + 1) {
-            if (ctx->device->query_pool) {
-                ctx->device->device.destroyQueryPool(ctx->device->query_pool);
+        if (ctx->num_queries < cgraph->n_nodes + 1) {
+            if (ctx->query_pool) {
+                ctx->device->device.destroyQueryPool(ctx->query_pool);
             }
             vk::QueryPoolCreateInfo query_create_info;
             query_create_info.queryType = vk::QueryType::eTimestamp;
             query_create_info.queryCount = cgraph->n_nodes + 100;
-            ctx->device->query_pool = ctx->device->device.createQueryPool(query_create_info);
-            ctx->device->num_queries = query_create_info.queryCount;
+            ctx->query_pool = ctx->device->device.createQueryPool(query_create_info);
+            ctx->num_queries = query_create_info.queryCount;
+            ctx->query_fusion_names.resize(ctx->num_queries);
+            ctx->query_fusion_node_count.resize(ctx->num_queries);
+            ctx->query_nodes.resize(ctx->num_queries);
+            ctx->query_node_idx.resize(ctx->num_queries);
         }
 
-        ctx->device->device.resetQueryPool(ctx->device->query_pool, 0, cgraph->n_nodes+1);
+        ctx->device->device.resetQueryPool(ctx->query_pool, 0, cgraph->n_nodes+1);
+        std::fill(ctx->query_fusion_names.begin(), ctx->query_fusion_names.end(), nullptr);
+        std::fill(ctx->query_fusion_node_count.begin(), ctx->query_fusion_node_count.end(), 0);
+        std::fill(ctx->query_nodes.begin(), ctx->query_nodes.end(), nullptr);
+        std::fill(ctx->query_node_idx.begin(), ctx->query_node_idx.end(), 0);
 
         GGML_ASSERT(ctx->compute_ctx.expired());
-        compute_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->compute_cmd_pool);
-        ctx->compute_ctx = compute_ctx;
-        ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, compute_ctx);
-        compute_ctx->s->buffer.writeTimestamp(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands, ctx->device->query_pool, 0);
+        compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+        ctx->query_idx = 0;
+        compute_ctx->s->buffer->buf.writeTimestamp(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands, ctx->query_pool, ctx->query_idx++);
+    }
+
+    ctx->prealloc_y_last_pipeline_used = nullptr;
+    ctx->prealloc_y_last_tensor_used = nullptr;
+
+    if (ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials) {
+        ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx, nullptr);
+        compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+        // initialize partial sums to zero.
+        ggml_vk_buffer_memset_async(compute_ctx, ctx->prealloc_add_rms_partials, 0, 0, ctx->prealloc_size_add_rms_partials);
+        ggml_vk_sync_buffers(ctx, compute_ctx);
     }
 
     // Submit after enough work has accumulated, to overlap CPU cmdbuffer generation with GPU execution.
@@ -9713,34 +14309,226 @@ static ggml_status ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cg
     int submitted_nodes = 0;
     int submit_count = 0;
     uint64_t mul_mat_bytes = 0;
-    uint64_t mul_mat_bytes_per_submit = std::min(uint64_t(100*1000*1000), total_mat_mul_bytes / 40u);
+    uint64_t total_mul_mat_bytes = 0;
+    uint64_t mul_mat_bytes_per_submit = std::min(uint64_t(100*1000*1000), ctx->last_total_mul_mat_bytes / 40u);
     for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
         if (first_node_in_batch) {
             submit_node_idx = i;
         }
 
         if (cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT || cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
-            mul_mat_bytes += ggml_nbytes(cgraph->nodes[i]->src[0]);
+            auto bytes = ggml_nbytes(cgraph->nodes[i]->src[0]);
+            mul_mat_bytes += bytes;
+            total_mul_mat_bytes += bytes;
+        }
+
+        // op_srcs_fused_elementwise indicates whether an op's srcs all contribute to
+        // the fused result in an elementwise-way. This affects whether the memory for
+        // the src is allowed to overlap the memory for the destination.
+        // The array is sized to handle the largest fusion (asserted later).
+        bool op_srcs_fused_elementwise[12];
+
+        ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode = TOPK_MOE_COUNT;
+        ctx->fused_topk_moe_scale = false;
+        const char *fusion_string {};
+        if (!ctx->device->disable_fusion) {
+            uint32_t num_adds = ggml_vk_fuse_multi_add(ctx, cgraph, i);
+            if (num_adds) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = num_adds - 1;
+                fusion_string = "MULTI_ADD";
+                std::fill_n(op_srcs_fused_elementwise, ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1, true);
+            } else if (ggml_vk_can_fuse(ctx, cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT, GGML_OP_ADD, GGML_OP_ADD })) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 2;
+                fusion_string = "MUL_MAT_ADD_ADD";
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = true;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[2] = true;
+            } else if (ggml_vk_can_fuse(ctx, cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT, GGML_OP_ADD })) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 1;
+                fusion_string = "MUL_MAT_ADD";
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = true;
+            } else if (ggml_vk_can_fuse(ctx, cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID, GGML_OP_ADD_ID, GGML_OP_MUL })) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 2;
+                fusion_string = "MUL_MAT_ID_ADD_ID_MUL";
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = true;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[2] = true;
+            } else if (ggml_vk_can_fuse(ctx, cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID, GGML_OP_ADD_ID })) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 1;
+                fusion_string = "MUL_MAT_ID_ADD_ID";
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = true;
+            } else if (ggml_vk_can_fuse(ctx, cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID, GGML_OP_MUL })) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 1;
+                fusion_string = "MUL_MAT_ID_MUL";
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = true;
+            } else if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_ROPE, GGML_OP_VIEW, GGML_OP_SET_ROWS }, { i + 4 }) &&
+                       ggml_check_edges(cgraph, i, rms_norm_mul_rope_view_set_rows_edges) &&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_rms_norm_mul_rope(ctx, cgraph, i) &&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_rope_set_rows(ctx, cgraph, i + 2)) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 4;
+                fusion_string = "RMS_NORM_MUL_ROPE_VIEW_SET_ROWS";
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[2] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[3] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[4] = false;
+            } else if (ggml_vk_can_fuse(ctx, cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_ROPE })&&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_rms_norm_mul_rope(ctx, cgraph, i)) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 2;
+                fusion_string = "RMS_NORM_MUL_ROPE";
+                // rope is approximately elementwise - whole rows are done by a single workgroup and it's row-wise
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = true;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[2] = true;
+            } else if (ggml_vk_can_fuse(ctx, cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL })) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 1;
+                fusion_string = "RMS_NORM_MUL";
+                // rms_norm is not elementwise, but whole rows must be consumed and the scale factor computed before
+                // they are overwritten, and one workgroup per row. So close enough.
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = true;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = true;
+            } else if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_ROPE, GGML_OP_VIEW, GGML_OP_SET_ROWS }, { i + 2 }) &&
+                       ggml_check_edges(cgraph, i, rope_view_set_rows_edges) &&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_rope_set_rows(ctx, cgraph, i)) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 2;
+                fusion_string = "ROPE_VIEW_SET_ROWS";
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[1] = false;
+                op_srcs_fused_elementwise[2] = false;
+            } else if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, topk_moe_early_softmax_norm, { i + 3, i + 9 }) &&
+                       ggml_check_edges(cgraph, i, topk_moe_early_softmax_norm_edges) &&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_topk_moe(ctx, cgraph, i, TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX_NORM)) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = topk_moe_early_softmax_norm.size() - 1;
+                // view of argsort writes to memory
+                ctx->fused_ops_write_mask |= 1 << 3;
+                ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode = TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX_NORM;
+                fusion_string = "TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX_NORM";
+                std::fill_n(op_srcs_fused_elementwise, ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1, false);
+            } else if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, topk_moe_sigmoid_norm_bias, { i + 4, i + 10 }) &&
+                       ggml_check_edges(cgraph, i, topk_moe_sigmoid_norm_bias_edges) &&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_topk_moe(ctx, cgraph, i, TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS)) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = topk_moe_sigmoid_norm_bias.size() - 1;
+                // view of argsort writes to memory
+                ctx->fused_ops_write_mask |= 1 << 4;
+                ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode = TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS;
+                fusion_string = "TOPK_MOE_SIGMOID_NORM_BIAS";
+                std::fill_n(op_srcs_fused_elementwise, ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1, false);
+            } else if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, topk_moe_early_softmax, { i + 3, i + 4 }) &&
+                       ggml_check_edges(cgraph, i, topk_moe_early_softmax_edges) &&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_topk_moe(ctx, cgraph, i, TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX)) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = topk_moe_early_softmax.size() - 1;
+                // view of argsort writes to memory
+                ctx->fused_ops_write_mask |= 1 << 3;
+                ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode = TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX;
+                fusion_string = "TOPK_MOE_EARLY_SOFTMAX";
+                std::fill_n(op_srcs_fused_elementwise, ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1, false);
+            } else if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i, topk_moe_late_softmax, { i + 1, i + 5 }) &&
+                       ggml_check_edges(cgraph, i, topk_moe_late_softmax_edges) &&
+                       ggml_vk_can_fuse_topk_moe(ctx, cgraph, i, TOPK_MOE_LATE_SOFTMAX)) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = topk_moe_late_softmax.size() - 1;
+                // view of argsort writes to memory
+                ctx->fused_ops_write_mask |= 1 << 1;
+                ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode = TOPK_MOE_LATE_SOFTMAX;
+                fusion_string = "TOPK_MOE_LATE_SOFTMAX";
+                std::fill_n(op_srcs_fused_elementwise, ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1, false);
+            }
+            if (ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode != TOPK_MOE_COUNT) {
+                // Look for an additional scale op to fuse - occurs in deepseek2 and nemotron3 nano.
+                if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops - 1, { GGML_OP_DIV, GGML_OP_RESHAPE, GGML_OP_SCALE }, { i + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1 }) ||
+                    ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops, { GGML_OP_GET_ROWS, GGML_OP_SCALE }, { i + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1 })) {
+                    ctx->fused_topk_moe_scale = true;
+                    ctx->num_additional_fused_ops++;
+                    op_srcs_fused_elementwise[ctx->num_additional_fused_ops] = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->num_additional_fused_ops < (int)(sizeof(op_srcs_fused_elementwise) / sizeof(op_srcs_fused_elementwise[0])));
+        ctx->fused_ops_write_mask |= 1 << ctx->num_additional_fused_ops;
+
+        // Check whether fusion would overwrite src operands while they're still in use.
+        // If so, disable fusion.
+        if (ctx->num_additional_fused_ops) {
+            // There are up to two output nodes - topk_moe has two.
+            uint32_t bits = ctx->fused_ops_write_mask & ~(1 << ctx->num_additional_fused_ops);
+            ggml_tensor *output_nodes[2] {};
+            output_nodes[0] = cgraph->nodes[i + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops];
+            if (bits) {
+                int output_idx = find_first_set(bits);
+                GGML_ASSERT(bits == (1u << output_idx));
+                output_nodes[1] = cgraph->nodes[i + output_idx];
+            }
+
+            bool need_disable = false;
+
+            // topk_moe often overwrites the source, but for a given row all the src values are
+            // loaded before anything is stored. If there's only one row, this is safe, so treat
+            // this as a special case.
+            bool is_topk_moe_single_row = ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode != TOPK_MOE_COUNT &&
+                                          ggml_nrows(cgraph->nodes[i]->src[0]) == 1;
+
+            if (!is_topk_moe_single_row) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
+                    ggml_tensor *dst = output_nodes[j];
+                    if (!dst) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    // Loop over all srcs of all nodes in the fusion. If the src overlaps
+                    // the destination and the src is not an intermediate node that's being
+                    // elided, then disable fusion.
+                    for (int k = 0; k <= ctx->num_additional_fused_ops; ++k) {
+                        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++s) {
+                            ggml_tensor *src = cgraph->nodes[i + k]->src[s];
+                            if (!src || src->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            if (ggml_vk_tensors_overlap(src, dst, op_srcs_fused_elementwise[k])) {
+                                bool found = false;
+                                for (int n = 0; n < k; ++n) {
+                                    if (cgraph->nodes[i + n] == src) {
+                                        found = true;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                if (!found) {
+                                    need_disable = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (need_disable) {
+                ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 0;
+                ctx->fused_ops_write_mask = 1;
+                ctx->fused_topk_moe_mode = TOPK_MOE_COUNT;
+                ctx->fused_topk_moe_scale = false;
+            }
         }
 
         // Signal the almost_ready fence when the graph is mostly complete (< 20% remaining)
         bool almost_ready = (cgraph->n_nodes - i) < cgraph->n_nodes / 5;
         bool submit = (submitted_nodes >= nodes_per_submit) ||
-                      (mul_mat_bytes >= mul_mat_bytes_per_submit) ||
-                      (i == last_node) ||
+                      (mul_mat_bytes_per_submit != 0 && mul_mat_bytes >= mul_mat_bytes_per_submit) ||
+                      (i + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops >= last_node) ||
                       (almost_ready && !ctx->almost_ready_fence_pending);
 
-        bool enqueued = ggml_vk_build_graph(ctx, cgraph->nodes[i], i, cgraph->nodes[submit_node_idx], submit_node_idx, false, i == last_node, almost_ready, submit);
+        bool enqueued = ggml_vk_build_graph(ctx, cgraph, i, cgraph->nodes[submit_node_idx], submit_node_idx, i + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops >= last_node, almost_ready, submit);
 
-        if (vk_perf_logger_enabled) {
-            if (ctx->compute_ctx.expired()) {
-                compute_ctx = ggml_vk_create_context(ctx, ctx->compute_cmd_pool);
-                ctx->compute_ctx = compute_ctx;
-                ggml_vk_ctx_begin(ctx->device, compute_ctx);
+        if (vk_perf_logger_enabled && enqueued) {
+            compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+            if (!vk_perf_logger_concurrent) {
+                // track a single node/fusion for the current query
+                ctx->query_nodes[ctx->query_idx] = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                ctx->query_fusion_names[ctx->query_idx] = fusion_string;
+                compute_ctx->s->buffer->buf.writeTimestamp(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands, ctx->query_pool, ctx->query_idx++);
             } else {
-                compute_ctx = ctx->compute_ctx.lock();
+                // track a fusion string and number of fused ops for the current node_idx
+                ctx->query_fusion_names[i] = fusion_string;
+                ctx->query_fusion_node_count[i] = ctx->num_additional_fused_ops;
             }
-            compute_ctx->s->buffer.writeTimestamp(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands, ctx->device->query_pool, i+1);
         }
 
         if (enqueued) {
@@ -9762,8 +14550,13 @@ static ggml_status ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cg
             }
             submit_count++;
         }
+        i += ctx->num_additional_fused_ops;
+        ctx->num_additional_fused_ops = 0;
+        ctx->fused_ops_write_mask = 0;
     }
 
+    ctx->last_total_mul_mat_bytes = total_mul_mat_bytes;
+
     if (vk_perf_logger_enabled) {
         // End the command buffer and submit/wait
         GGML_ASSERT(!ctx->compute_ctx.expired());
@@ -9773,41 +14566,341 @@ static ggml_status ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cg
         ggml_vk_submit(compute_ctx, ctx->device->fence);
         VK_CHECK(ctx->device->device.waitForFences({ ctx->device->fence }, true, UINT64_MAX), "GGML_VULKAN_PERF waitForFences");
         ctx->device->device.resetFences({ ctx->device->fence });
+        ctx->compute_ctx.reset();
 
         // Get the results and pass them to the logger
         std::vector<uint64_t> timestamps(cgraph->n_nodes + 1);
-        VK_CHECK(ctx->device->device.getQueryPoolResults(ctx->device->query_pool, 0, cgraph->n_nodes + 1, (cgraph->n_nodes + 1)*sizeof(uint64_t), timestamps.data(), sizeof(uint64_t), vk::QueryResultFlagBits::e64 | vk::QueryResultFlagBits::eWait), "get timestamp results");
-        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-            if (!ggml_vk_is_empty(cgraph->nodes[i])) {
-                ctx->device->perf_logger->log_timing(cgraph->nodes[i], uint64_t((timestamps[i+1] - timestamps[i]) * ctx->device->properties.limits.timestampPeriod));
+        VK_CHECK(ctx->device->device.getQueryPoolResults(ctx->query_pool, 0, ctx->query_idx, (cgraph->n_nodes + 1)*sizeof(uint64_t), timestamps.data(), sizeof(uint64_t), vk::QueryResultFlagBits::e64 | vk::QueryResultFlagBits::eWait), "get timestamp results");
+        if (!vk_perf_logger_concurrent) {
+            // Log each op separately
+            for (int i = 1; i < ctx->query_idx; i++) {
+                auto node = ctx->query_nodes[i];
+                auto name = ctx->query_fusion_names[i];
+                ctx->perf_logger->log_timing(node, name, uint64_t((timestamps[i] - timestamps[i-1]) * ctx->device->properties.limits.timestampPeriod));
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Log each group of nodes
+            int prev_node_idx = 0;
+            for (int i = 1; i < ctx->query_idx; i++) {
+                auto cur_node_idx = ctx->query_node_idx[i];
+                std::vector<ggml_tensor *> nodes;
+                std::vector<const char *> names;
+                for (int node_idx = prev_node_idx; node_idx < cur_node_idx; ++node_idx) {
+                    if (ggml_op_is_empty(cgraph->nodes[node_idx]->op)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    nodes.push_back(cgraph->nodes[node_idx]);
+                    names.push_back(ctx->query_fusion_names[node_idx]);
+                    node_idx += ctx->query_fusion_node_count[node_idx];
+                }
+                prev_node_idx = cur_node_idx;
+                ctx->perf_logger->log_timing(nodes, names, uint64_t((timestamps[i] - timestamps[i-1]) * ctx->device->properties.limits.timestampPeriod));
             }
         }
-
-        ctx->device->perf_logger->print_timings();
+        ctx->perf_logger->print_timings();
     }
 
-    ggml_vk_graph_cleanup(ctx);
+    if (!ctx->device->support_async) {
+        ggml_vk_synchronize(ctx);
+    }
 
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 
     UNUSED(backend);
 }
 
+// Sort the graph for improved parallelism.
+static void ggml_vk_graph_optimize(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * graph)
+{
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_graph_optimize(" << graph->n_nodes << " nodes)");
+    ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
+
+    if (ctx->device->disable_graph_optimize) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto const &is_empty = [](ggml_tensor * node) -> bool {
+        return node->op == GGML_OP_NONE || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE;
+    };
+
+    auto const &is_src_of = [](const ggml_tensor *dst, const ggml_tensor *src) -> bool {
+        for (uint32_t s = 0; s < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++s) {
+            if (dst->src[s] == src) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        // implicit dependency if they view the same tensor
+        const ggml_tensor *dst2 = dst->view_src ? dst->view_src : dst;
+        const ggml_tensor *src2 = src->view_src ? src->view_src : src;
+        if (dst2 == src2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> new_order;
+    std::vector<bool> used(graph->n_nodes, false);
+    std::set<ggml_tensor *> used_node_set;
+
+    int first_unused = 0;
+    while (first_unused < graph->n_nodes) {
+        std::vector<int> current_set;
+
+        // Check for fusion patterns and avoid reordering them
+        auto const &match_pattern = [&](const std::initializer_list<ggml_op> &pattern, int start) -> bool {
+            if (start + (int)pattern.size() <= graph->n_nodes) {
+                bool is_pattern = true;
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < pattern.size(); ++j) {
+                    if (graph->nodes[start + j]->op != pattern.begin()[j] || used[start + j]) {
+                        is_pattern = false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return is_pattern;
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        auto const &keep_pattern = [&](const std::initializer_list<ggml_op> &pattern) -> bool {
+            if (match_pattern(pattern, first_unused)) {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < pattern.size(); ++j) {
+                    new_order.push_back(graph->nodes[first_unused + j]);
+                    used_node_set.insert(graph->nodes[first_unused + j]);
+                    used[first_unused + j] = true;
+                }
+                while (first_unused < graph->n_nodes && used[first_unused]) {
+                    first_unused++;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        if (keep_pattern(topk_moe_early_softmax_norm)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (keep_pattern(topk_moe_sigmoid_norm_bias)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (keep_pattern(topk_moe_early_softmax)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (keep_pattern(topk_moe_late_softmax)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // First, grab the next unused node.
+        current_set.push_back(first_unused);
+
+        // Loop through the next N nodes. Grab any that don't depend on other nodes that
+        // haven't already been run. Nodes that have already been run have used[i] set
+        // to true. Allow nodes that depend on the previous node if it's a fusion pattern
+        // that we support (e.g. RMS_NORM + MUL).
+        // This first pass only grabs "real" (non-view nodes). Second pass grabs view nodes.
+        // The goal is to not interleave real and view nodes in a way that breaks fusion.
+        const int NUM_TO_CHECK = 20;
+        for (int j = first_unused+1; j < std::min(first_unused + NUM_TO_CHECK, graph->n_nodes); ++j) {
+            if (used[j]) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (is_empty(graph->nodes[j])) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Don't pull forward nodes from fusion patterns
+            if (match_pattern(topk_moe_early_softmax_norm, j) ||
+                match_pattern(topk_moe_sigmoid_norm_bias, j) ||
+                match_pattern(topk_moe_early_softmax, j) ||
+                match_pattern(topk_moe_late_softmax, j)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            bool ok = true;
+            for (int c = first_unused; c < j; ++c) {
+                if (!used[c] &&
+                    is_src_of(graph->nodes[j], graph->nodes[c]) &&
+                    !(j == c+1 && c == current_set.back() && graph->nodes[c]->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM && graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_MUL) &&
+                    !(j == c+1 && c == current_set.back() && graph->nodes[c]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_ADD) &&
+                    !(j == c+1 && c == current_set.back() && graph->nodes[c]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_ADD_ID) &&
+                    !(j == c+1 && c == current_set.back() && graph->nodes[c]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_MUL) &&
+                    !(j == c+1 && c == current_set.back() && graph->nodes[c]->op == GGML_OP_ADD && graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_ADD)) {
+                    ok = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (ok) {
+                current_set.push_back(j);
+
+                int rope_idx = j;
+
+                // When we've found RMS_NORM + MUL, try to find a ROPE that uses it
+                if (j > 0 &&
+                    graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_MUL &&
+                    graph->nodes[j-1]->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+                    for (int k = j + 1; k < std::min(j + 15, graph->n_nodes); ++k) {
+                        if (graph->nodes[k]->op == GGML_OP_ROPE &&
+                            graph->nodes[k]->src[0] == graph->nodes[j] &&
+                            // Check that other srcs are already valid
+                            graph->nodes[k]->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_NONE &&
+                            (graph->nodes[k]->src[2] == nullptr || graph->nodes[k]->src[2]->op == GGML_OP_NONE)) {
+                            rope_idx = k;
+                            current_set.push_back(rope_idx);
+                            used[rope_idx] = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // Look for ROPE + VIEW + SET_ROWS and make them consecutive
+                if (graph->nodes[rope_idx]->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
+                    int view_idx = -1;
+                    int set_rows_idx = -1;
+                    for (int k = rope_idx+1; k < std::min(rope_idx + 10, graph->n_nodes); ++k) {
+                        if (view_idx == -1 &&
+                            graph->nodes[k]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW &&
+                            graph->nodes[k]->src[0] == graph->nodes[rope_idx]) {
+                            view_idx = k;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (view_idx != -1 &&
+                            set_rows_idx == -1 &&
+                            graph->nodes[k]->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS &&
+                            graph->nodes[k]->src[0] == graph->nodes[view_idx]) {
+                            set_rows_idx = k;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (set_rows_idx != -1) {
+                        current_set.push_back(view_idx);
+                        current_set.push_back(set_rows_idx);
+                        used[view_idx] = true;
+                        used[set_rows_idx] = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                // Look for MUL_MAT_ID + ADD_ID + MUL
+                if (j > 0 &&
+                    graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_ADD_ID &&
+                    graph->nodes[j-1]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
+                    for (int k = j + 1; k < std::min(j + 15, graph->n_nodes); ++k) {
+                        if (graph->nodes[k]->op == GGML_OP_MUL &&
+                            graph->nodes[k]->src[0] == graph->nodes[j] &&
+                            // src1 must either be weights or already processed
+                            (graph->nodes[k]->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_NONE || used_node_set.find(graph->nodes[k]->src[1]) != used_node_set.end())) {
+                            current_set.push_back(k);
+                            used[k] = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // Look for MUL_MAT + ADD + ADD
+                if (j > 0 &&
+                    graph->nodes[j]->op == GGML_OP_ADD &&
+                    graph->nodes[j-1]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
+                    for (int k = j + 1; k < std::min(j + 15, graph->n_nodes); ++k) {
+                        if (graph->nodes[k]->op == GGML_OP_ADD &&
+                            graph->nodes[k]->src[0] == graph->nodes[j] &&
+                            // src1 must either be weights or already processed
+                            (graph->nodes[k]->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_NONE || used_node_set.find(graph->nodes[k]->src[1]) != used_node_set.end())) {
+                            current_set.push_back(k);
+                            used[k] = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Second pass grabs view nodes.
+        // Skip this if it would break a fusion optimization (don't split up add->rms_norm or add->add).
+        if (graph->nodes[current_set.back()]->op != GGML_OP_ADD) {
+            for (int j = first_unused+1; j < std::min(first_unused + NUM_TO_CHECK, graph->n_nodes); ++j) {
+                if (used[j]) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!is_empty(graph->nodes[j])) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                bool ok = true;
+                for (int c = first_unused; c < j; ++c) {
+                    bool c_in_current_set = std::find(current_set.begin(), current_set.end(), c) != current_set.end();
+                    // skip views whose srcs haven't been processed.
+                    if (!used[c] &&
+                        is_src_of(graph->nodes[j], graph->nodes[c]) &&
+                        !c_in_current_set) {
+                        ok = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ok) {
+                    current_set.push_back(j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Push the current set into new_order
+        for (auto c : current_set) {
+            new_order.push_back(graph->nodes[c]);
+            used_node_set.insert(graph->nodes[c]);
+            used[c] = true;
+        }
+        while (first_unused < graph->n_nodes && used[first_unused]) {
+            first_unused++;
+        }
+    }
+    // Replace the graph with the new order.
+    for (int i = 0; i < graph->n_nodes; ++i) {
+        graph->nodes[i] = new_order[i];
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_vk_event_record(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_event_record(backend=" << backend << ", event=" << event << ")");
+    ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
+    vk_event *vkev = (vk_event *)event->context;
+
+    ggml_vk_submit_transfer_ctx(ctx);
+
+    vk_context compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+    auto* cmd_buf = compute_ctx->s->buffer; // retrieve pointer before it gets reset
+
+    // the backend interface doesn't have an explicit reset, so reset it here
+    // before we record the command to set it
+    ctx->device->device.resetEvent(vkev->event);
+    ctx->device->device.resetFences({ vkev->fence });
+
+    ggml_vk_set_event(compute_ctx, vkev->event);
+
+    ggml_vk_ctx_end(compute_ctx);
+
+    ggml_vk_submit(compute_ctx, {vkev->fence});
+    ctx->submit_pending = true;
+    vkev->cmd_buffer = cmd_buf;
+    ctx->compute_ctx.reset();
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_vk_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_event_wait(backend=" << backend << ", event=" << event << ")");
+    ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_context *)backend->context;
+    vk_event *vkev = (vk_event *)event->context;
+
+    vk_context compute_ctx = ggml_vk_get_compute_ctx(ctx);
+
+    ggml_vk_wait_events(compute_ctx, {vkev->event});
+    ggml_vk_ctx_end(compute_ctx);
+    ctx->compute_ctx.reset();
+}
+
 // TODO: enable async and synchronize
 static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_vk_interface = {
     /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_vk_name,
     /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_vk_free,
-    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_vk_set_tensor_async,
-    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_vk_get_tensor_async,
-    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_vk_cpy_tensor_async,
-    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,  // ggml_backend_vk_synchronize,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ ggml_backend_vk_set_tensor_async,
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ ggml_backend_vk_get_tensor_async,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ ggml_backend_vk_cpy_tensor_async,
+    /* .synchronize             = */ ggml_backend_vk_synchronize,
     /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
     /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
     /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
     /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute,
-    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_record            = */ ggml_backend_vk_event_record,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ ggml_backend_vk_event_wait,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ ggml_vk_graph_optimize,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_vk_guid() {
@@ -9822,12 +14915,16 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_vk_init(size_t dev_num) {
     ggml_vk_init(ctx, dev_num);
 
     ggml_backend_t vk_backend = new ggml_backend {
-        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_vk_guid(),
-        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_vk_interface,
-        /* .device    = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_vk_reg(), dev_num),
-        /* .context   = */ ctx,
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_vk_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_vk_interface,
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_vk_reg(), dev_num),
+        /* .context = */ ctx,
     };
 
+    if (!ctx->device->support_async) {
+        vk_backend->iface.get_tensor_async = nullptr;
+    }
+
     return vk_backend;
 }
 
@@ -9847,18 +14944,84 @@ void ggml_backend_vk_get_device_description(int device, char * description, size
 
 void ggml_backend_vk_get_device_memory(int device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
     GGML_ASSERT(device < (int) vk_instance.device_indices.size());
+    GGML_ASSERT(device < (int) vk_instance.device_supports_membudget.size());
 
     vk::PhysicalDevice vkdev = vk_instance.instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices()[vk_instance.device_indices[device]];
+    vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryBudgetPropertiesEXT budgetprops;
+    vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 memprops = {};
+    const bool membudget_supported = vk_instance.device_supports_membudget[device];
+    const bool is_integrated_gpu = vkdev.getProperties().deviceType == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eIntegratedGpu;
+
+    if (membudget_supported) {
+        memprops.pNext = &budgetprops;
+    }
+    vkdev.getMemoryProperties2(&memprops);
+
+    *total = 0;
+    *free = 0;
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memprops.memoryProperties.memoryHeapCount; ++i) {
+        const vk::MemoryHeap & heap = memprops.memoryProperties.memoryHeaps[i];
+
+        if (is_integrated_gpu || (heap.flags & vk::MemoryHeapFlagBits::eDeviceLocal)) {
+            *total += heap.size;
+
+            if (membudget_supported && i < budgetprops.heapUsage.size()) {
+                *free += budgetprops.heapBudget[i] - budgetprops.heapUsage[i];
+            } else {
+                *free += heap.size;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-    vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memprops = vkdev.getMemoryProperties();
+static vk::PhysicalDeviceType ggml_backend_vk_get_device_type(int device_idx) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device_idx >= 0 && device_idx < (int) vk_instance.device_indices.size());
 
-    for (const vk::MemoryHeap& heap : memprops.memoryHeaps) {
-        if (heap.flags & vk::MemoryHeapFlagBits::eDeviceLocal) {
-            *total = heap.size;
-            *free = heap.size;
+    vk::PhysicalDevice device = vk_instance.instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices()[vk_instance.device_indices[device_idx]];
+
+    vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2 props = {};
+    device.getProperties2(&props);
+
+    return props.properties.deviceType;
+}
+
+static std::string ggml_backend_vk_get_device_pci_id(int device_idx) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device_idx >= 0 && device_idx < (int) vk_instance.device_indices.size());
+
+    vk::PhysicalDevice device = vk_instance.instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices()[vk_instance.device_indices[device_idx]];
+
+    const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> ext_props = device.enumerateDeviceExtensionProperties();
+
+    bool ext_support = false;
+
+    for (const auto& properties : ext_props) {
+        if (strcmp("VK_EXT_pci_bus_info", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
+            ext_support = true;
             break;
         }
     }
+
+    if (!ext_support) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2 props = {};
+    vk::PhysicalDevicePCIBusInfoPropertiesEXT pci_bus_info = {};
+
+    props.pNext = &pci_bus_info;
+
+    device.getProperties2(&props);
+
+    const uint32_t pci_domain = pci_bus_info.pciDomain;
+    const uint32_t pci_bus = pci_bus_info.pciBus;
+    const uint32_t pci_device = pci_bus_info.pciDevice;
+    const uint8_t pci_function = (uint8_t) pci_bus_info.pciFunction; // pci function is between 0 and 7, prevent printf overflow warning
+
+    char pci_bus_id[16] = {};
+    snprintf(pci_bus_id, sizeof(pci_bus_id), "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x", pci_domain, pci_bus, pci_device, pci_function);
+
+    return std::string(pci_bus_id);
 }
 
 //////////////////////////
@@ -9867,6 +15030,9 @@ struct ggml_backend_vk_device_context {
     size_t device;
     std::string name;
     std::string description;
+    bool is_integrated_gpu;
+    std::string pci_bus_id;
+    int op_offload_min_batch_size;
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_vk_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -9895,20 +15061,24 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_vk_device_get_host_buffer_type(gg
 }
 
 static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_vk_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
-    UNUSED(dev);
-    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+
+    return ctx->is_integrated_gpu ? GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU : GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_vk_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+
     props->name        = ggml_backend_vk_device_get_name(dev);
     props->description = ggml_backend_vk_device_get_description(dev);
     props->type        = ggml_backend_vk_device_get_type(dev);
+    props->device_id   = ctx->pci_bus_id.empty() ? nullptr : ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str();
     ggml_backend_vk_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
     props->caps = {
-        /* .async                 = */ false,
+        /* .async                 = */ true,
         /* .host_buffer           = */ true,
         /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
-        /* .events                = */ false,
+        /* .events                = */ true,
     };
 }
 
@@ -9919,15 +15089,74 @@ static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_vk_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+    const vk_device& device = ggml_vk_get_device(ctx->device);
+
+    const bool uses_bda = (op->op == GGML_OP_IM2COL || op->op == GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D) &&
+                          device->shader_int64 && device->buffer_device_address;
+
+    auto const & tensor_size_supported = [&](size_t tensor_size) {
+        if (tensor_size > device->max_buffer_size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // For im2col shaders using BDA, maxStorageBufferRange limit doesn't apply.
+        // If shader64BitIndexing is enabled, maxStorageBufferRange limit doesn't apply.
+        if (!uses_bda && !device->shader_64b_indexing) {
+            if (tensor_size > device->properties.limits.maxStorageBufferRange) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+    // reject any tensors larger than the max buffer size
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (op->src[i] && !tensor_size_supported(ggml_nbytes(op->src[i]))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!tensor_size_supported(ggml_nbytes(op))) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     switch (op->op) {
         case GGML_OP_UNARY:
             switch (ggml_get_unary_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
+                    return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
+                           (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                           (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                           (op->src[0]->type == op->type);
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
                     return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
                            (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
                            (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
@@ -9935,16 +15164,15 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
-            break;
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
         case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
             {
                 ggml_type src0_type = op->src[0]->type;
-                ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
-                const vk_device& device = ggml_vk_get_device(ctx->device);
-                if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && !device->mul_mat_id_s[src0_type] && !device->mul_mat_id_m[src0_type] && !device->mul_mat_id_l[src0_type]) {
-                    // If there's not enough shared memory for row_ids and the result tile, fallback to CPU
-                    return false;
+                if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
+                    if (!device->mul_mat_id_s[src0_type] && !device->mul_mat_id_m[src0_type] && !device->mul_mat_id_l[src0_type]) {
+                        // If there's not enough shared memory for row_ids and the result tile, fallback to CPU
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
                 switch (src0_type) {
                     case GGML_TYPE_F32:
@@ -9969,6 +15197,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
                         break;
                     default:
                         return false;
@@ -9996,25 +15225,16 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                 }
 
                 return true;
-            } break;
+            }
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
             {
-                ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
-                auto device = ggml_vk_get_device(ctx->device);
                 bool coopmat2 = device->coopmat2;
-                switch (op->src[0]->ne[0]) {
-                case 64:
-                case 80:
-                case 96:
-                case 112:
-                case 128:
-                case 256:
-                    break;
-                default:
+                uint32_t HSK = op->src[1]->ne[0];
+                uint32_t HSV = op->src[2]->ne[0];
+                if ((HSK % 8) != 0 || (HSV % 8) != 0) {
                     return false;
                 }
-                if (op->src[1]->ne[0] != op->src[2]->ne[0]) {
-                    // different head sizes of K and V are not supported yet
+                if (op->src[4] && op->src[4]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
                     return false;
                 }
                 if (op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
@@ -10033,6 +15253,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                 }
                 switch (op->src[1]->type) {
                 case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                     // supported in scalar and coopmat2 paths
@@ -10063,8 +15284,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                 default:
                     return false;
                 }
-                if (!coopmat2 && !device->subgroup_shuffle) {
-                    // scalar FA uses subgroupShuffle
+                if (!coopmat2 && !(device->subgroup_shuffle && device->subgroup_vote)) {
+                    // scalar/coopmat1 FA uses subgroupShuffle/subgroupAll
                     return false;
                 }
                 return true;
@@ -10080,6 +15301,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
@@ -10088,12 +15314,31 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            {
+                switch (op->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
                         return true;
                     default:
                         return false;
                 }
-            } break;
+            }
         case GGML_OP_CONT:
         case GGML_OP_CPY:
         case GGML_OP_DUP:
@@ -10136,21 +15381,30 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                     return true;
                 }
 
+                if (
+                    (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_I32) ||
+                    (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32)
+                ) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
                 // We can handle copying from a type to the same type if it's
-                // contiguous (memcpy). We use f16 or f32 shaders to do the copy,
+                // either not quantized or is quantized and contiguous.
+                // We use f16 or f32 shaders to do the copy,
                 // so the type/block size must be a multiple of 4.
                 if (src0_type == src1_type &&
-                    ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op) &&
+                    (!ggml_is_quantized(src0_type) || (ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op))) &&
                     (ggml_type_size(src0_type) % 2) == 0) {
                     return true;
                 }
                 return false;
-            } break;
+            }
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
             return ggml_type_size(op->type) == sizeof(float) && ggml_type_size(op->src[0]->type) == sizeof(float);
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
             return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op) && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
         case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
         case GGML_OP_NONE:
         case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
@@ -10161,8 +15415,10 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_NORM:
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
-        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
             return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]) &&
+                   op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_ADD:
         case GGML_OP_SUB:
         case GGML_OP_MUL:
@@ -10170,38 +15426,204 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
             return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
                    (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
                    (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[2]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 &&
+                   op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_SILU_BACK:
         case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_SQR:
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
         case GGML_OP_SIN:
         case GGML_OP_COS:
         case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
             return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
+        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_LOG:
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                   op->type == op->src[0]->type;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            {
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(op) || !ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // pipeline_argsort_large_f32 requires vulkan memory model.
+                if (device->vulkan_memory_model) {
+                    return true;
+                } else {
+                    return op->ne[0] <= (1 << device->max_workgroup_size_log2);
+                }
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            {
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(op) || !ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // We could potentially support larger, using argsort to sort the
+                // whole thing. Not clear if this is needed.
+                uint32_t min_pipeline = (uint32_t)log2f(float(op->ne[0])) + 1;
+                if (min_pipeline >= num_topk_pipelines ||
+                    !device->pipeline_topk_f32[min_pipeline]) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
         case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-            return op->op_params[0] == GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST;
+            if (op->op_params[0] & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS) {
+                if ((op->op_params[0] & 0xFF) != GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+            return op->src[0]->type == op->src[1]->type && op->src[0]->type == op->type &&
+                   (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
+            return ggml_type_size(op->src[0]->type) == ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32);
+        case GGML_OP_ADD1:
+            return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)
+                || (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)
+                || (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_PAD:
+        case GGML_OP_ROLL:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32
+                && (!op->src[1] || (op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16));
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK:
-        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32
+                && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]) && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
         case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            {
+                if (device->subgroup_arithmetic && device->subgroup_require_full_support) {
+                    return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            {
+                if (op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                const uint32_t N = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+                const uint32_t K = op->src[1]->ne[0];
+                // K dimension limited to workgroup size
+                if (K > 1u << device->max_workgroup_size_log2) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                const uint32_t batch_N = device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize / ((N + K) * sizeof(float));
+
+                if (batch_N == 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
         case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32
+                && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]) && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32;
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1])
+                && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32
+                && (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+            return op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32
+                && (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
+            return (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)
+                && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6:
         case GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7:
-        case GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU:
-        case GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW:
-            return true;
+            return true; // all inputs are contiguous, see ggml.c
+        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
+            {
+                const uint32_t S_v = op->src[2]->ne[0];
+                if (S_v != 32 && S_v != 64 && S_v != 128) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+                    if (op->src[i] == nullptr || op->src[i]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+                    if (op->src[i] && ggml_is_quantized(op->src[i]->type)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (op->src[6] && op->src[6]->type != GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (op->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                const uint32_t d_state = op->src[0]->ne[0];
+                const uint32_t head_dim = op->src[0]->ne[1];
+
+                bool is_mamba2 = (op->src[3] && op->src[3]->nb[1] == sizeof(float));
+                if (!is_mamba2) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if ((d_state != 128 && d_state != 256) || head_dim % 16 != 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                size_t shmem_size = d_state * sizeof(float);
+
+                if (shmem_size > device->properties.limits.maxComputeSharedMemorySize) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (!device->subgroup_basic) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
+            return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
             return op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
+            {
+                // Channel-contiguous format is not supported yet.
+                return ((op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                    op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                    op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                    ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) &&
+                    ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1]) &&
+                    ggml_is_contiguous(op));
+            }
         default:
             return false;
     }
@@ -10220,13 +15642,115 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_ba
     return buft_ctx->device->idx == ctx->device;
 }
 
+static int64_t ggml_vk_get_op_batch_size(const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            return 0;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            return op->ne[1];
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK:
+            return op->ne[2];
+        default:
+            return ggml_nrows(op);
+    }
+}
+
 static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
-    const int min_batch_size = 32;
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * dev_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+
+    return ggml_vk_get_op_batch_size(op) >= dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size;
+}
 
-    return (op->ne[1] >= min_batch_size && op->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) ||
-           (op->ne[2] >= min_batch_size && op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID);
+static ggml_backend_event_t ggml_backend_vk_device_event_new(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+    auto device = ggml_vk_get_device(ctx->device);
 
-    UNUSED(dev);
+    vk_event *vkev = new vk_event;
+    if (!vkev) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // The event/fence is expected to initially be in the signaled state.
+    vkev->event = device->device.createEvent({});
+    vkev->fence = device->device.createFence({vk::FenceCreateFlagBits::eSignaled});
+    device->device.setEvent(vkev->event);
+
+    return new ggml_backend_event {
+        /* .device  = */ dev,
+        /* .context = */ vkev,
+    };
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_vk_device_event_free(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+    auto device = ggml_vk_get_device(ctx->device);
+
+    vk_event *vkev = (vk_event *)event->context;
+
+    device->device.destroyFence(vkev->fence);
+    device->device.destroyEvent(vkev->event);
+    delete vkev;
+    delete event;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_vk_device_event_synchronize(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_device_event_synchronize(backend=" << dev << ", event=" << event << ")");
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+    auto device = ggml_vk_get_device(ctx->device);
+    vk_event *vkev = (vk_event *)event->context;
+
+    VK_CHECK(device->device.waitForFences({ vkev->fence }, true, UINT64_MAX), "event_synchronize");
+    // Finished using current command buffer so we flag for reuse
+    if (vkev->cmd_buffer) {
+        vkev->cmd_buffer->in_use = false;
+    }
+}
+
+static vk_buffer ggml_vk_buffer_from_host_ptr(vk_device & device, void * ptr, size_t size) {
+    if (!device->external_memory_host) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    uintptr_t uptr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr);
+    if (uptr & (device->min_imported_host_pointer_alignment - 1)) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    if (size & (device->min_imported_host_pointer_alignment - 1)) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const vk::MemoryPropertyFlags property_flags = vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCached;
+
+    vk_buffer buf {};
+    try {
+        buf = ggml_vk_create_buffer(device, size, { property_flags }, ptr);
+    } catch (vk::SystemError& e) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml_vulkan: Failed ggml_vk_create_buffer (%s)\n", e.what());
+    }
+
+    return buf;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_vk_device_buffer_from_host_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_device_buffer_from_host_ptr(backend=" << dev << ", ptr=" << ptr << ", size=" << size << ")");
+    GGML_UNUSED(max_tensor_size);
+
+    ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_device_context *)dev->context;
+    auto device = ggml_vk_get_device(ctx->device);
+
+    vk_buffer buf = ggml_vk_buffer_from_host_ptr(device, ptr, size);
+
+    if (!buf) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * bufctx = new ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context(device, std::move(buf), device->name);
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t ret = ggml_backend_buffer_init(ggml_backend_vk_device_get_buffer_type(dev), ggml_backend_vk_buffer_interface, bufctx, size);
+
+    return ret;
 }
 
 static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_vk_device_i = {
@@ -10238,13 +15762,13 @@ static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_vk_device_i = {
     /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_init,
     /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_get_buffer_type,
     /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_get_host_buffer_type,
-    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ NULL,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_buffer_from_host_ptr,
     /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op,
     /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_buft,
     /* .offload_op           = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_offload_op,
-    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
-    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_new            = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_event_new,
+    /* .event_free           = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_event_free,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_event_synchronize,
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_vk_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
@@ -10266,6 +15790,7 @@ static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_vk_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg,
         static std::mutex mutex;
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
         if (!initialized) {
+            const int min_batch_size = getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH") ? atoi(getenv("GGML_OP_OFFLOAD_MIN_BATCH")) : 32;
             for (int i = 0; i < ggml_backend_vk_get_device_count(); i++) {
                 ggml_backend_vk_device_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_vk_device_context;
                 char desc[256];
@@ -10273,6 +15798,9 @@ static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_vk_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg,
                 ctx->device = i;
                 ctx->name = GGML_VK_NAME + std::to_string(i);
                 ctx->description = desc;
+                ctx->is_integrated_gpu = ggml_backend_vk_get_device_type(i) == vk::PhysicalDeviceType::eIntegratedGpu;
+                ctx->pci_bus_id = ggml_backend_vk_get_device_pci_id(i);
+                ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size = min_batch_size;
                 devices.push_back(new ggml_backend_device {
                     /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_vk_device_i,
                     /* .reg     = */ reg,
@@ -10306,45 +15834,79 @@ ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_vk_reg() {
     } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
         VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_reg() -> Error: System error: " << e.what());
         return nullptr;
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_reg() -> Error: " << e.what());
+        return nullptr;
+    } catch (...) {
+        VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_vk_reg() -> Error: unknown exception during Vulkan init");
+        return nullptr;
     }
 }
 
 // Extension availability
-static bool ggml_vk_instance_validation_ext_available(const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties>& instance_extensions) {
+static bool ggml_vk_instance_layer_settings_available() {
 #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE
-    bool portability_enumeration_ext = false;
+    // Check if validation layer provides the extension
+    const std::string layer_name = "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation";
+    for (const auto& layer : vk::enumerateInstanceLayerProperties()) {
+        if (layer_name == layer.layerName.data()) {
+            for (const auto& ext : vk::enumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(layer_name)) {
+                if (strcmp("VK_EXT_layer_settings", ext.extensionName.data()) == 0) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: WARNING: Validation layer or layer extension VK_EXT_layer_settings not found." << std::endl;
+#endif
+    return false;
+}
+static bool ggml_vk_instance_portability_enumeration_ext_available(const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties>& instance_extensions) {
+#ifdef __APPLE__
     // Check for portability enumeration extension for MoltenVK support
     for (const auto& properties : instance_extensions) {
         if (strcmp("VK_KHR_portability_enumeration", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
             return true;
         }
     }
-    if (!portability_enumeration_ext) {
-        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: WARNING: Instance extension VK_KHR_portability_enumeration not found." << std::endl;
-    }
+    std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: WARNING: Instance extension VK_KHR_portability_enumeration not found." << std::endl;
 #endif
     return false;
 
     UNUSED(instance_extensions);
 }
-static bool ggml_vk_instance_portability_enumeration_ext_available(const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties>& instance_extensions) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-    bool portability_enumeration_ext = false;
+
+// Extension availability
+static bool ggml_vk_instance_debug_utils_ext_available(
+    const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> & instance_extensions) {
     // Check for portability enumeration extension for MoltenVK support
-    for (const auto& properties : instance_extensions) {
-        if (strcmp("VK_KHR_portability_enumeration", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
+    for (const auto & properties : instance_extensions) {
+        if (strcmp("VK_EXT_debug_utils", properties.extensionName) == 0) {
             return true;
         }
     }
-    if (!portability_enumeration_ext) {
-        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: WARNING: Instance extension VK_KHR_portability_enumeration not found." << std::endl;
-    }
-#endif
+
+    std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: WARNING: Instance extension VK_EXT_debug_utils not found." << std::endl;
     return false;
 
     UNUSED(instance_extensions);
 }
 
+static bool ggml_vk_device_is_supported(const vk::PhysicalDevice & vkdev) {
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 device_features2;
+    device_features2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features vk11_features;
+    vk11_features.pNext = nullptr;
+    vk11_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES;
+    device_features2.pNext = &vk11_features;
+
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(vkdev, &device_features2);
+
+    return vk11_features.storageBuffer16BitAccess;
+}
+
 static bool ggml_vk_khr_cooperative_matrix_support(const vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties& props, const vk::PhysicalDeviceDriverProperties& driver_props, vk_device_architecture arch) {
     switch (props.vendorID) {
     case VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL:
@@ -10362,6 +15924,46 @@ static bool ggml_vk_khr_cooperative_matrix_support(const vk::PhysicalDevicePrope
     }
 }
 
+static uint32_t ggml_vk_intel_shader_core_count(const vk::PhysicalDevice& vkdev) {
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 props = vkdev.getProperties2();
+
+    if (props.properties.vendorID != VK_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t device_id = props.properties.deviceID;
+
+    switch (device_id) {
+    case 0x56A6:  // A310
+        return 6;
+    case 0x5693:  // A370M
+    case 0x56A5:  // A380
+    case 0x56B1:  // Pro A40/A50
+        return 8;
+    case 0x5697:  // A530M
+        return 12;
+    case 0x5692:  // A550M
+    case 0x56B3:  // Pro A60
+        return 16;
+    case 0x56A2:  // A580
+        return 24;
+    case 0x5691:  // A730M
+    case 0x56A1:  // A750
+        return 28;
+    case 0x56A0:  // A770
+    case 0x5690:  // A770M
+        return 32;
+    case 0xE212:  // Pro B50
+        return 16;
+    case 0xE20C:  // B570
+        return 18;
+    case 0xE20B:  // B580
+        return 20;
+    default:
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
 // checks
 
 #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS
@@ -10457,8 +16059,9 @@ void * comp_result;
 size_t comp_size;
 size_t comp_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
 size_t check_counter = 0;
-static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE) {
+static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int tensor_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * tensor = cgraph->nodes[tensor_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops];
+    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || tensor->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -10469,9 +16072,6 @@ static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
 
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_check_results_0(" << tensor->name << ")");
 
-    ggml_tensor * src0 = tensor->src[0];
-    ggml_tensor * src1 = tensor->src[1];
-
     struct ggml_init_params iparams = {
         /*.mem_size   =*/ 2ul*1024ul*1024ul*1024ul,
         /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
@@ -10480,258 +16080,410 @@ static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
 
     struct ggml_context * ggml_ctx = ggml_init(iparams);
 
-    std::array<struct ggml_tensor *, 6> src_clone = {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
-    std::array<size_t, 6> src_size = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-    std::array<void *, 6> src_buffer = {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
-    const char * srci_name[6] = {"src0", "src1", "src2", "src3", "src4", "src5"};
+    std::array<struct ggml_tensor *, GGML_MAX_SRC> src_clone = {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+    const char * srci_name[GGML_MAX_SRC] = {"src0", "src1", "src2", "src3", "src4", "src5", "src6", "src7", "src8", "src9"};
+
+    std::map<ggml_tensor *, ggml_tensor *> cloned_tensors;
+    std::vector<void *> cloned_mallocs;
 
     struct ggml_tensor * tensor_clone = nullptr;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
-        ggml_tensor * srci = tensor->src[i];
-        if (srci == nullptr) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        ggml_tensor * srci_clone = ggml_dup_tensor(ggml_ctx, srci);
-        size_t srci_size = ggml_nbytes(srci);
-
-        src_clone[i] = srci_clone;
-        src_size[i] = ggml_nbytes(srci);
-        src_buffer[i] = malloc(srci_size);
-
-        srci_clone->data = src_buffer[i];
-        if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(srci->buffer)) {
-            memcpy(srci_clone->data, srci->data, srci_size);
-            memcpy(srci_clone->nb, srci->nb, sizeof(size_t) * GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        } else if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_vk(srci->buffer)) {
-            ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)srci->buffer->context;
-            vk_buffer& buffer_gpu = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
-            uint64_t offset = vk_tensor_offset(srci) + srci->view_offs;
-            if (!ggml_is_contiguous(srci) && ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(srci)) {
-                for (int i3 = 0; i3 < srci->ne[3]; i3++) {
-                    for (int i2 = 0; i2 < srci->ne[2]; i2++) {
-                        const int idx = i3*srci->ne[2] + i2;
-                        ggml_vk_buffer_read(buffer_gpu, offset + idx * srci->nb[2], ((char *)srci_clone->data + idx * srci_clone->nb[2]), srci->ne[1] * srci->nb[1]);
+    for (int f = 0; f < ctx->num_additional_fused_ops + 1; ++f) {
+        tensor = cgraph->nodes[tensor_idx + f];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+            ggml_tensor * srci = tensor->src[i];
+            if (srci == nullptr) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // If a src tensor has been cloned, use that one
+            auto it = cloned_tensors.find(srci);
+            if (it != cloned_tensors.end()) {
+                src_clone[i] = it->second;
+                continue;
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * srci_clone = ggml_dup_tensor(ggml_ctx, srci);
+            size_t srci_size = ggml_nbytes(srci);
+
+            src_clone[i] = srci_clone;
+            void *src_buffer = malloc(srci_size);
+            cloned_mallocs.push_back(src_buffer);
+
+            srci_clone->data = src_buffer;
+            if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(srci->buffer)) {
+                memcpy(srci_clone->data, srci->data, srci_size);
+                memcpy(srci_clone->nb, srci->nb, sizeof(size_t) * GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+            } else if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_vk(srci->buffer)) {
+                ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_vk_buffer_context *)srci->buffer->context;
+                vk_buffer& buffer_gpu = buf_ctx->dev_buffer;
+                uint64_t offset = vk_tensor_offset(srci) + srci->view_offs;
+                if (!ggml_is_contiguous(srci) && ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(srci)) {
+                    for (int i3 = 0; i3 < srci->ne[3]; i3++) {
+                        for (int i2 = 0; i2 < srci->ne[2]; i2++) {
+                            const int idx = i3*srci->ne[2] + i2;
+                            ggml_vk_buffer_read(buffer_gpu, offset + idx * srci->nb[2], ((char *)srci_clone->data + idx * srci_clone->nb[2]), srci->ne[1] * srci->nb[1]);
+                        }
                     }
-                }
 
-                srci_clone->nb[0] = srci->nb[0];
-                srci_clone->nb[1] = srci->nb[1];
-                for (int i = 2; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-                    srci_clone->nb[i] = srci_clone->nb[i - 1]*srci_clone->ne[i - 1];
+                    srci_clone->nb[0] = srci->nb[0];
+                    srci_clone->nb[1] = srci->nb[1];
+                    for (int i = 2; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+                        srci_clone->nb[i] = srci_clone->nb[i - 1]*srci_clone->ne[i - 1];
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (offset + srci_size >= buffer_gpu->size) {
+                        srci_size = buffer_gpu->size - offset;
+                    }
+                    ggml_vk_buffer_read(buffer_gpu, offset, srci_clone->data, srci_size);
+                    memcpy(srci_clone->nb, srci->nb, sizeof(size_t) * GGML_MAX_DIMS);
                 }
             } else {
-                if (offset + srci_size >= buffer_gpu->size) {
-                    srci_size = buffer_gpu->size - offset;
-                }
-                ggml_vk_buffer_read(buffer_gpu, offset, srci_clone->data, srci_size);
-                memcpy(srci_clone->nb, srci->nb, sizeof(size_t) * GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+
+            if (vk_output_tensor > 0 && vk_output_tensor == check_counter) {
+                ggml_vk_print_tensor(srci, srci_name[i]);
             }
-        } else {
-            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
 
-        if (vk_output_tensor > 0 && vk_output_tensor == check_counter) {
-            ggml_vk_print_tensor(srci, srci_name[i]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT) {
-        const float * params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_flash_attn_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], src_clone[3], params[0], params[1], params[2]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_mul_mat(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_mul_mat_id(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SUB) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_sub(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_mul(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_DIV) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_div(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONCAT) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_concat(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], *(int *)tensor->op_params);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_UPSCALE) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_upscale_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3], (ggml_scale_mode) tensor->op_params[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SCALE) {
-        const float * params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_scale(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], params[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SQR) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_sqr(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SIN) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_sin(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_COS) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_cos(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CLAMP) {
-        const float * params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_clamp(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], params[0], params[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_PAD) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_pad(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0] - src_clone[0]->ne[0], tensor->ne[1] - src_clone[0]->ne[1], tensor->ne[2] - src_clone[0]->ne[2], tensor->ne[3] - src_clone[0]->ne[3]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_REPEAT) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_repeat(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_repeat_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_add(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ACC) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_acc(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], tensor->op_params[0], tensor->op_params[1], tensor->op_params[2], tensor->op_params[3]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_NORM) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], *(float *)tensor->op_params);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM) {
-        const float * float_params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_group_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->op_params[0], float_params[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_rms_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], *(float *)tensor->op_params);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK) {
-        const float eps = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[0];
-        tensor_clone = ggml_rms_norm_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], eps);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SILU_BACK) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_silu_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_L2_NORM) {
-        const float eps = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[0];
-        tensor_clone = ggml_l2_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], eps);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
-        if (src1 != nullptr) {
+        if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT) {
             const float * params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
-            tensor_clone = ggml_soft_max_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], params[0], params[1]);
-        } else {
-            tensor_clone = ggml_soft_max(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-        }
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_soft_max_ext_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], ((float *)tensor->op_params)[0], ((float *)tensor->op_params)[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_diag_mask_inf(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->op_params[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE || tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK) {
-        const int n_dims      = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[1];
-        const int mode        = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[2];
-        //const int n_ctx_ggml       = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[3];
-        const int n_ctx_orig_ggml  = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[4];
-        const float freq_base       = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[5];
-        const float freq_scale      = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[6];
-        const float ext_factor      = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[7];
-        const float attn_factor     = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[8];
-        const float beta_fast       = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[9];
-        const float beta_slow       = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[10];
-        if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
-            int32_t *sections = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params) + 11;
-            if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
-                tensor_clone = ggml_rope_multi(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, sections, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+            tensor_clone = ggml_flash_attn_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], src_clone[3], params[0], params[1], params[2]);
+            if (src_clone[4]) {
+                ggml_flash_attn_ext_add_sinks(tensor_clone, src_clone[4]);
+            }
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_mul_mat(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_mul_mat_id(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SUB) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_sub(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_mul(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_DIV) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_div(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONCAT) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_concat(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], *(int *)tensor->op_params);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_UPSCALE) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_interpolate(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3], (ggml_scale_mode) tensor->op_params[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SCALE) {
+            const float * params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_scale_bias(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], params[0], params[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ADD1) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_add1(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ARANGE) {
+            const float start = ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 0);
+            const float stop = ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 1);
+            const float step = ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 2);
+            tensor_clone = ggml_arange(ggml_ctx, start, stop, step);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_FILL) {
+            const float value = ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 0);
+            tensor_clone = ggml_fill(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], value);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SQR) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_sqr(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SQRT) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_sqrt(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SIN) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_sin(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_COS) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_cos(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_LOG) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_log(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TRI) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_tri(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], (ggml_tri_type)ggml_get_op_params_i32(tensor, 0));
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_DIAG) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_diag(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CLAMP) {
+            const float * params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_clamp(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], params[0], params[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_PAD) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_pad_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->op_params[0], tensor->op_params[1], tensor->op_params[2], tensor->op_params[3],
+                                                                tensor->op_params[4], tensor->op_params[5], tensor->op_params[6], tensor->op_params[7]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_REPEAT) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_repeat(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_repeat_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_add(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ACC) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_acc(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], tensor->op_params[0], tensor->op_params[1], tensor->op_params[2], tensor->op_params[3]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SET) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_set(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], tensor->op_params[0], tensor->op_params[1], tensor->op_params[2], tensor->op_params[3]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_NORM) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], *(float *)tensor->op_params);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM) {
+            const float * float_params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_group_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->op_params[0], float_params[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_rms_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], *(float *)tensor->op_params);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK) {
+            const float eps = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[0];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_rms_norm_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], eps);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SILU_BACK) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_silu_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_L2_NORM) {
+            const float eps = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[0];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_l2_norm(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], eps);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
+            if (tensor->src[1] != nullptr) {
+                const float * params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
+                tensor_clone = ggml_soft_max_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], params[0], params[1]);
             } else {
-                tensor_clone = ggml_rope_multi_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, sections, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                tensor_clone = ggml_soft_max(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
             }
-        } else {
-            if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
-                tensor_clone = ggml_rope_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_soft_max_ext_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], ((float *)tensor->op_params)[0], ((float *)tensor->op_params)[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_diag_mask_inf(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->op_params[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE || tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK) {
+            const int n_dims      = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[1];
+            const int mode        = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[2];
+            //const int n_ctx_ggml       = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[3];
+            const int n_ctx_orig_ggml  = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[4];
+            const float freq_base       = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[5];
+            const float freq_scale      = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[6];
+            const float ext_factor      = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[7];
+            const float attn_factor     = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[8];
+            const float beta_fast       = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[9];
+            const float beta_slow       = ((float *) tensor->op_params)[10];
+            if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
+                int32_t *sections = ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params) + 11;
+                if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
+                    tensor_clone = ggml_rope_multi(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, sections, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                } else {
+                    tensor_clone = ggml_rope_multi_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, sections, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
+                    tensor_clone = ggml_rope_ext(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                } else {
+                    tensor_clone = ggml_rope_ext_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_UNARY) {
+            switch (ggml_get_unary_op(tensor)) {
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_exp(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_elu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_silu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_gelu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_gelu_erf(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_gelu_quick(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_relu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_xielu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], 0, 0, 0, 0);
+                ggml_set_op_params_f32(tensor_clone, 1, ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 1));
+                ggml_set_op_params_f32(tensor_clone, 2, ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 2));
+                ggml_set_op_params_f32(tensor_clone, 3, ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 3));
+                ggml_set_op_params_f32(tensor_clone, 4, ggml_get_op_params_f32(tensor, 4));
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_neg(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_tanh(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_sigmoid(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_hardsigmoid(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_hardswish(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_abs(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_softplus(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_step(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_round(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_ceil(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_floor(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_trunc(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
+                tensor_clone = ggml_sgn(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                break;
+            default:
+                std::cerr << "Missing vk_check_results OP: " << ggml_op_name(tensor->op) << std::endl;
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_GLU) {
+            if (src_clone[1] == nullptr) {
+                tensor_clone = ggml_glu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], (ggml_glu_op) tensor->op_params[0], tensor->op_params[1]);
+            } else {
+                tensor_clone = ggml_glu_split(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], (ggml_glu_op) tensor->op_params[0]);
+            }
+            ggml_set_op_params_i32(tensor_clone, 2, ggml_get_op_params_i32(tensor, 2));
+            ggml_set_op_params_i32(tensor_clone, 3, ggml_get_op_params_i32(tensor, 3));
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CPY || tensor->op == GGML_OP_DUP) {
+            if (tensor->src[1] == nullptr) {
+                tensor_clone = ggml_dup(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+                tensor_clone->type = tensor->type;
             } else {
-                tensor_clone = ggml_rope_ext_back(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig_ggml, freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow);
+                tensor_clone = ggml_cpy(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
             }
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONT) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_cont_4d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_reshape_4d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_view_4d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3], tensor->nb[1], tensor->nb[2], tensor->nb[3], ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE) {
+            int32_t * params = (int32_t *)tensor->op_params;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_permute(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_transpose(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_get_rows(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ARGSORT) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_argsort(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], (ggml_sort_order) *(int *)tensor->op_params);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TOP_K) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_top_k(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SUM) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_sum(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_sum_rows(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CUMSUM) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_cumsum(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MEAN) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_mean(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ARGMAX) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_argmax(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_count_equal(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_solve_tri(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], true, true, false);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_IM2COL) {
+            const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
+            const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[1];
+            const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[2];
+            const int32_t p1 = tensor->op_params[3];
+            const int32_t d0 = tensor->op_params[4];
+            const int32_t d1 = tensor->op_params[5];
+
+            const bool is_2D = tensor->op_params[6] == 1;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_im2col(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, is_2D, tensor->type);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D) {
+            const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
+            const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[1];
+            const int32_t s2 = tensor->op_params[2];
+            const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[3];
+            const int32_t p1 = tensor->op_params[4];
+            const int32_t p2 = tensor->op_params[5];
+            const int32_t d0 = tensor->op_params[6];
+            const int32_t d1 = tensor->op_params[7];
+            const int32_t d2 = tensor->op_params[8];
+            const int32_t IC = tensor->op_params[9];
+
+            tensor_clone = ggml_im2col_3d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], IC, s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, tensor->type);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING) {
+            const int32_t dim = tensor->op_params[0];
+            const int32_t max_period = tensor->op_params[1];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_timestep_embedding(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], dim, max_period);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D){
+            const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
+            const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[1];
+            const int32_t d0 = tensor->op_params[2];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], s0, p0, d0);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_POOL_2D) {
+            enum ggml_op_pool op = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(tensor->op_params[0]);
+            const int32_t k0 = tensor->op_params[1];
+            const int32_t k1 = tensor->op_params[2];
+            const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[3];
+            const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[4];
+            const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[5];
+            const int32_t p1 = tensor->op_params[6];
+
+            tensor_clone = ggml_pool_2d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], op, k0, k1, s0, s1, p0, p1);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONV_2D) {
+            const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
+            const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[1];
+            const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[2];
+            const int32_t p1 = tensor->op_params[3];
+            const int32_t d0 = tensor->op_params[4];
+            const int32_t d1 = tensor->op_params[5];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_conv_2d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW) {
+            const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
+            const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[1];
+            const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[2];
+            const int32_t p1 = tensor->op_params[3];
+            const int32_t d0 = tensor->op_params[4];
+            const int32_t d1 = tensor->op_params[5];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_conv_2d_dw_direct(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D) {
+            const int32_t s = tensor->op_params[0];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_conv_transpose_2d_p0(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], s);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU) {
+            const float * op_params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_leaky_relu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], op_params[0], false);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1],
+            src_clone[2], src_clone[3], src_clone[4], src_clone[5]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], src_clone[3],
+            src_clone[4], src_clone[5], src_clone[6]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_gated_delta_net(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1],
+            src_clone[2], src_clone[3], src_clone[4], src_clone[5]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW) {
+            src_clone[0]->flags = tensor->src[0]->flags;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_opt_step_adamw(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1],
+            src_clone[2], src_clone[3], src_clone[4]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD) {
+            src_clone[0]->flags = tensor->src[0]->flags;
+            tensor_clone = ggml_opt_step_sgd(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1],
+            src_clone[2]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ADD_ID) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_add_id(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_ssm_scan(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2],
+                                         src_clone[3], src_clone[4], src_clone[5], src_clone[6]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SSM_CONV) {
+            tensor_clone = ggml_ssm_conv(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
+        } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ROLL) {
+            const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
+            const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[1];
+            const int32_t s2 = tensor->op_params[2];
+            const int32_t s3 = tensor->op_params[3];
+            tensor_clone = ggml_roll(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], s0, s1, s2, s3);
         }
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_UNARY) {
-        switch (ggml_get_unary_op(tensor)) {
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
-            tensor_clone = ggml_silu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-            break;
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
-            tensor_clone = ggml_gelu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-            break;
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
-            tensor_clone = ggml_gelu_quick(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-            break;
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
-            tensor_clone = ggml_relu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-            break;
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
-            tensor_clone = ggml_tanh(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-            break;
-        case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
-            tensor_clone = ggml_sigmoid(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-            break;
-        default:
+        else {
             std::cerr << "Missing vk_check_results OP: " << ggml_op_name(tensor->op) << std::endl;
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
         }
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CPY || tensor->op == GGML_OP_DUP) {
-        if (src1 == nullptr) {
-            tensor_clone = ggml_dup(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-            tensor_clone->type = tensor->type;
-        } else {
-            tensor_clone = ggml_cpy(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-        }
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONT) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_cont_4d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_reshape_4d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_view_4d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[3], tensor->nb[1], tensor->nb[2], tensor->nb[3], ((int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE) {
-        int32_t * params = (int32_t *)tensor->op_params;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_permute(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_transpose(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_get_rows(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ARGSORT) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_argsort(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], (ggml_sort_order) *(int *)tensor->op_params);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SUM) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_sum(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_sum_rows(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_ARGMAX) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_argmax(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_count_equal(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_IM2COL) {
-        const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
-        const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[1];
-        const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[2];
-        const int32_t p1 = tensor->op_params[3];
-        const int32_t d0 = tensor->op_params[4];
-        const int32_t d1 = tensor->op_params[5];
-
-        const bool is_2D = tensor->op_params[6] == 1;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_im2col(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, is_2D, tensor->type);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING) {
-        const int32_t dim = tensor->op_params[0];
-        const int32_t max_period = tensor->op_params[1];
-        tensor_clone = ggml_timestep_embedding(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], dim, max_period);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D){
-        const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[0];
-        const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[1];
-        const int32_t d0 = tensor->op_params[2];
-        tensor_clone = ggml_conv_transpose_1d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], s0, p0, d0);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_POOL_2D) {
-        enum ggml_op_pool op = static_cast<ggml_op_pool>(tensor->op_params[0]);
-        const int32_t k0 = tensor->op_params[1];
-        const int32_t k1 = tensor->op_params[2];
-        const int32_t s0 = tensor->op_params[3];
-        const int32_t s1 = tensor->op_params[4];
-        const int32_t p0 = tensor->op_params[5];
-        const int32_t p1 = tensor->op_params[6];
-
-        tensor_clone = ggml_pool_2d(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], op, k0, k1, s0, s1, p0, p1);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU) {
-        const float * op_params = (const float *)tensor->op_params;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_leaky_relu(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], op_params[0], false);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_rwkv_wkv6(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1],
-        src_clone[2], src_clone[3], src_clone[4], src_clone[5]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7) {
-        tensor_clone = ggml_rwkv_wkv7(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1], src_clone[2], src_clone[3],
-        src_clone[4], src_clone[5], src_clone[6]);
-    } else if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW) {
-        src_clone[0]->flags = src0->flags;
-        tensor_clone = ggml_opt_step_adamw(ggml_ctx, src_clone[0], src_clone[1],
-        src_clone[2], src_clone[3], src_clone[4]);
-    }
-    else {
-        std::cerr << "Missing vk_check_results OP: " << ggml_op_name(tensor->op) << std::endl;
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        cloned_tensors[tensor] = tensor_clone;
     }
 
-    ggml_cgraph * cgraph = ggml_new_graph(ggml_ctx);
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(cgraph, tensor_clone);
+    ggml_cgraph * cgraph_cpu = ggml_new_graph(ggml_ctx);
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(cgraph_cpu, tensor_clone);
 
-    ggml_graph_compute_with_ctx(ggml_ctx, cgraph, 8);
+    ggml_graph_compute_with_ctx(ggml_ctx, cgraph_cpu, 8);
 
     if (vk_output_tensor > 0 && vk_output_tensor == check_counter) {
         ggml_vk_print_tensor(tensor_clone, "tensor_clone");
@@ -10743,10 +16495,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     memcpy(comp_result, tensor_clone->data, comp_size);
     memcpy(comp_nb, tensor_clone->nb, sizeof(size_t) * GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
-        if (src_buffer[i] != nullptr) {
-            free(src_buffer[i]);
-        }
+    for (auto m : cloned_mallocs) {
+        free(m);
     }
 
     ggml_free(ggml_ctx);
@@ -10754,10 +16504,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_check_results_0(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("END ggml_vk_check_results_0(" << tensor->name << ")");
 }
 
-static void ggml_vk_check_results_1(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE) {
+static void ggml_vk_check_results_1(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int tensor_idx) {
+    ggml_tensor * tensor = cgraph->nodes[tensor_idx + ctx->num_additional_fused_ops];
+    if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE || tensor->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS) {
         return;
     }
+
     if (!(vk_output_tensor > 0 && vk_output_tensor == check_counter) && check_counter <= vk_skip_checks) {
         return;
     }
@@ -10807,6 +16559,9 @@ static void ggml_vk_check_results_1(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
                         } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
                             correct = ggml_fp16_to_fp32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) comp_result + i3*comp_nb[3] + i2*comp_nb[2] + i1*comp_nb[1] + i0*comp_nb[0]));
                             result  = ggml_fp16_to_fp32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) ((char *) tensor_data + i3*tensor->nb[3] + i2*tensor->nb[2] + i1*tensor->nb[1] + i0*tensor->nb[0]));
+                        } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+                            correct = ggml_bf16_to_fp32(*(ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) comp_result + i3*comp_nb[3] + i2*comp_nb[2] + i1*comp_nb[1] + i0*comp_nb[0]));
+                            result  = ggml_bf16_to_fp32(*(ggml_bf16_t *) ((char *) tensor_data + i3*tensor->nb[3] + i2*tensor->nb[2] + i1*tensor->nb[1] + i0*tensor->nb[0]));
                         } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
                             correct = *(int32_t *) ((char *) comp_result + i3*comp_nb[3] + i2*comp_nb[2] + i1*comp_nb[1] + i0*comp_nb[0]);
                             result  = *(int32_t *) ((char *) tensor_data + i3*tensor->nb[3] + i2*tensor->nb[2] + i1*tensor->nb[1] + i0*tensor->nb[0]);
@@ -10894,7 +16649,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_check_results_1(ggml_tensor * tensor) {
         ggml_vk_print_graph_origin(tensor, done);
     }
 
-    if (avg_err > 0.5 || std::isnan(avg_err)) {
+    if (avg_err > 0.01 || std::isnan(avg_err)) {
         std::cerr << "ERROR: avg_err=" << avg_err << " in " << ggml_op_name(tensor->op) << " (check " << check_counter << ")" << std::endl;
         std::cerr << "tensor=" << tensor << " tensor->name=" << tensor->name << " tensor->type: " << ggml_type_name(tensor->type) << " ne0=" << tensor->ne[0] << " nb0=" << tensor->nb[0] << " ne1=" << tensor->ne[1] << " nb1=" << tensor->nb[1] << " ne2=" << tensor->ne[2] << " nb2=" << tensor->nb[2] << " ne3=" << tensor->ne[3] << " nb3=" << tensor->nb[3] << " offset=" << tensor->view_offs << std::endl;
         if (src0 != nullptr) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/CMakeLists.txt
index 14e9daaa01a..e1f613fb4f6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ if (GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
     message(STATUS "Enabling bfloat16 glslc support")
 endif()
+if (GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO)
+    add_compile_definitions(GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO)
+    message(STATUS "Enabling shader debug info")
+endif()
 
 set(TARGET vulkan-shaders-gen)
 add_executable(${TARGET} vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/abs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/abs.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07bd1c18dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/abs.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(abs(float(data_a[i])));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/acc.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/acc.comp
index d896f1ef0be..6ba3d1d89e0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/acc.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/acc.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
+
+// false for SET, true for ACC
+layout(constant_id = 1) const bool ACC = true;
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -13,17 +16,22 @@ void main() {
 
     const uint offset = p.param3;
     const uint src1_i = idx - offset;
-    const uint oz = src1_i / p.nb02;
-    const uint oy = (src1_i - (oz * p.nb02)) / p.nb01;
-    const uint ox = src1_i % p.nb01;
+    const uint i3 = src1_i / p.nb03;
+    const uint rem2 = src1_i - i3 * p.nb03;
+    const uint i2 = rem2 / p.nb02;
+    const uint rem1 = rem2 - i2 * p.nb02;
+    const uint i1 = rem1 / p.nb01;
+    const uint i0 = rem1 % p.nb01;
 
     uint i00, i01, i02, i03;
-    get_indices(idx, i00, i01, i02, i03);
 
-    if (ox < p.ne10 && oy < p.ne11 && oz < p.ne12) {
-        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)]) + FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[get_boffset() + ox + oy * p.ne10 + oz * p.ne10 * p.ne11]));
+    if (i0 < p.ne10 && i1 < p.ne11 && i2 < p.ne12 && i3 < p.ne13) {
+        if (ACC) {
+            data_d[get_doffset() + idx] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + idx]) + FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[get_boffset() + src1_idx(i0, i1, i2, i3)]));
+        } else {
+            data_d[get_doffset() + idx] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[get_boffset() + src1_idx(i0, i1, i2, i3)]));
+        }
     } else {
-        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)]));
+        data_d[get_doffset() + idx] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + idx]));
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add.comp
index 2b4085c4f82..3bcfe6908ee 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add.comp
@@ -1,20 +1,34 @@
 #version 450
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+#if ADD_RMS
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#endif
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
 
 const uint num_threads = 256;
 
+layout (binding = 3, std430) buffer PartialBuf {float partial_sums[];};
+
 layout(local_size_x = num_threads, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
+#if ADD_RMS
+// XXX TODO this could be sized based on number of subgroups, but that't not considered a constant
+shared FLOAT_TYPE sumsh[num_threads];
+#endif
+
 void main() {
     uint idx = get_idx();
+    uint orig_idx = idx;
 
     // num_threads * num_iter must equal 512, to match the wg_denoms and get_idx calculation
     const uint num_iter = 2;
 
+    FLOAT_TYPE sum_sq = 0;
+
     [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < num_iter; ++i) {
         if (idx >= p.ne) {
             continue;
@@ -22,8 +36,34 @@ void main() {
         uint i00, i01, i02, i03;
         get_indices(idx, i00, i01, i02, i03);
 
-        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)]) + FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[get_boffset() + src1_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)]));
+        FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)]) + FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[get_boffset() + src1_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)]);
+        sum_sq += sum*sum;
+
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)] = D_TYPE(sum);
 
         idx += num_threads;
     }
+
+#if ADD_RMS
+    if (p.param3 != 0) {
+        // reduce the sum within each subgroup, then across subgroups
+        const uint NumSubgroups = num_threads / gl_SubgroupSize;
+        sum_sq = subgroupAdd(sum_sq);
+        if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+            sumsh[gl_SubgroupID] = sum_sq;
+        }
+        barrier();
+        [[unroll]] for (uint s = NumSubgroups / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+            if (gl_SubgroupID < s && gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+                sum_sq += sumsh[gl_SubgroupID + s];
+                sumsh[gl_SubgroupID] = sum_sq;
+            }
+            barrier();
+        }
+
+        if (gl_SubgroupID == 0 && gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+            partial_sums[orig_idx / (num_iter * num_threads)] = sum_sq;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add1.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db60725d4c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add1.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
+
+const uint num_threads = 256;
+
+layout(local_size_x = num_threads, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+void main() {
+    uint idx = get_idx();
+
+    const uint num_iter = 2;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < num_iter; ++i) {
+        if (idx >= p.ne) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        uint i00, i01, i02, i03;
+        get_indices(idx, i00, i01, i02, i03);
+
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03)]) + FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[get_boffset()]));
+
+        idx += num_threads;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add_id.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add_id.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..495249d5f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/add_id.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint ne0;
+    uint ne1;
+    uint s01;
+    uint s02;
+    uint s11;
+    uint s21;
+} p;
+
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 512
+
+layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer Y {B_TYPE data_b[];};
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer Z {int32_t data_c[];};
+layout (binding = 3) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i1 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+
+    const uint i11 = data_c[i1 + i2 * p.s21];
+
+    const uint s1 = p.ne0;
+    const uint s2 = p.ne0 * p.ne1;
+
+    const uint d0 = i1 * s1 + i2 * s2;
+    const uint a0 = i1 * p.s01 + i2 * p.s02;
+    const uint b0 = i11 * p.s11;
+
+    for (uint i0 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x; i0 < p.ne0; i0 += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        data_d[d0 + i0] = data_a[a0 + i0] + data_b[b0 + i0];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/arange.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/arange.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4936eeada9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/arange.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // p.param1 = start, p.param2 = step
+    float value = p.param1 + p.param2 * float(i);
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(value);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argmax.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argmax.comp
index eaf4da341e3..7c128776710 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argmax.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argmax.comp
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
+#define FLT_MAX 3.402823466e+38F
+
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
@@ -19,19 +21,26 @@ void main() {
     const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x;
     const uint col = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
 
-    if (col >= p.KX) {
+    if (row >= p.KY) {
         return;
     }
-    A_TYPE amax = data_a[row*p.KX + col];
-    tmp[col] = col;
+
+    A_TYPE amax = -FLT_MAX;
+    uint acol = col;
+
+    if (col < p.KX) {
+        amax = data_a[row*p.KX + col];
+    }
 
     for (uint i = col + BLOCK_SIZE; i < p.KX; i += BLOCK_SIZE) {
         A_TYPE val = data_a[row*p.KX + i];
         if (val > amax) {
             amax = val;
-            tmp[col] = i;
+            acol = i;
         }
     }
+
+    tmp[col] = acol;
     tmpmax[col] = amax;
 
     barrier();
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argsort.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argsort.comp
index d4fa45b1e10..0fc2b9b7253 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argsort.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argsort.comp
@@ -1,69 +1,86 @@
 #version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
-#define BLOCK_SIZE 1024
+layout(constant_id = 0) const int BLOCK_SIZE = 1024;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const int NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2 = 10;
 #define ASC 0
 
-layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
-layout (binding = 1)          buffer D {int data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {int data_d[];};
 
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
     uint ncols;
-    uint ncols_pad;
+    uint ncols_padded;
+    uint ncols_padded_log2;
+    uint nrows;
     uint order;
+    uint outer_start;
+    uint outer_end;
+    uint inner_start;
+    uint inner_end;
 } p;
 
-shared int dst_row[BLOCK_SIZE];
+shared ivec2 dst_row[BLOCK_SIZE];
 
-void swap(uint idx0, uint idx1) {
-    int tmp = dst_row[idx0];
-    dst_row[idx0] = dst_row[idx1];
-    dst_row[idx1] = tmp;
-}
-
-void main() {
+void argsort(bool needs_bounds_check, const uint row) {
     // bitonic sort
     const int col = int(gl_LocalInvocationID.x);
-    const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
 
     const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols;
 
     // initialize indices
-    if (col < p.ncols_pad) {
-        dst_row[col] = col;
-    }
+    dst_row[col] = ivec2(col, floatBitsToInt(data_a[row_offset + col]));
     barrier();
 
-    for (uint k = 2; k <= p.ncols_pad; k *= 2) {
-        for (uint j = k / 2; j > 0; j /= 2) {
-            const uint ixj = col ^ j;
-            if (col < p.ncols_pad && ixj > col) {
-                if ((col & k) == 0) {
-                    if (dst_row[col] >= p.ncols ||
-                        (dst_row[ixj] < p.ncols && (p.order == ASC ?
-                            data_a[row_offset + dst_row[col]] > data_a[row_offset + dst_row[ixj]] :
-                            data_a[row_offset + dst_row[col]] < data_a[row_offset + dst_row[ixj]]))
-                    ) {
-                        swap(col, ixj);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (dst_row[ixj] >= p.ncols ||
-                        (dst_row[col] < p.ncols && (p.order == ASC ?
-                            data_a[row_offset + dst_row[col]] < data_a[row_offset + dst_row[ixj]] :
-                            data_a[row_offset + dst_row[col]] > data_a[row_offset + dst_row[ixj]]))
-                    ) {
-                        swap(col, ixj);
-                    }
-                }
+    uint num_outer_loop_iters = NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint k = 2, outer_idx = 0; outer_idx < num_outer_loop_iters; k *= 2, outer_idx++) {
+        uint num_inner_loop_iters = outer_idx + 1;
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = k / 2, inner_idx = 0; inner_idx < num_inner_loop_iters; j /= 2, inner_idx++) {
+            const int ixj = int(col ^ j);
+
+            int idx_0 = (col & k) == 0 ? col : ixj;
+            int idx_1 = (col & k) == 0 ? ixj : col;
+
+            ivec2 sh_idx_0 = dst_row[idx_0];
+            ivec2 sh_idx_1 = dst_row[idx_1];
+            bool idx_0_oob = needs_bounds_check ? sh_idx_0.x >= p.ncols : false;
+            bool idx_1_oob = needs_bounds_check ? sh_idx_1.x >= p.ncols : false;
+
+            if ((idx_0_oob ||
+                (!idx_1_oob && intBitsToFloat(sh_idx_0.y) > intBitsToFloat(sh_idx_1.y))) && (ixj > col)) {
+                dst_row[idx_0] = sh_idx_1;
+                dst_row[idx_1] = sh_idx_0;
             }
+
             barrier();
         }
     }
 
     if (col < p.ncols) {
-        data_d[row_offset + col] = dst_row[col];
+        if (p.order == ASC) {
+            data_d[row_offset + col] = dst_row[col].x;
+        } else {
+            data_d[row_offset + p.ncols - col - 1] = dst_row[col].x;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void main() {
+    if (p.ncols == BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+        while (row < p.nrows) {
+            argsort(false, row);
+            row += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
+    } else {
+        uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+        while (row < p.nrows) {
+            argsort(true, row);
+            row += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argsort_large.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argsort_large.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..920bac6bb89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/argsort_large.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_memory_scope_semantics : enable
+#pragma use_vulkan_memory_model
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const int BLOCK_SIZE = 1024;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const int WG_UNROLL_FACTOR = 2;
+#define ASC 0
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) workgroupcoherent buffer B {ivec2 tmp_idx[];};
+layout (binding = 2) workgroupcoherent buffer D {int data_d[];};
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    uint ncols;
+    uint ncols_padded;
+    uint ncols_padded_log2;
+    uint nrows;
+    uint order;
+    uint outer_start;
+    uint outer_end;
+    uint inner_start;
+    uint inner_end;
+} p;
+
+void argsort(bool needs_bounds_check, const uint row) {
+    // bitonic sort
+    int col = int(gl_GlobalInvocationID.x);
+    col = (col % BLOCK_SIZE) + (col / BLOCK_SIZE) * BLOCK_SIZE * WG_UNROLL_FACTOR;
+
+    const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols;
+    uint idx_offset = row * p.ncols_padded;
+
+    bool need_barrier = false;
+
+    // initialize indices
+    if (p.outer_start == 0 && p.inner_start == 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (int u = 0; u < WG_UNROLL_FACTOR; ++u) {
+            uint c = u*BLOCK_SIZE + col;
+            if (c < p.ncols_padded) {
+                ivec2 v = ivec2(c, floatBitsToInt(data_a[row_offset + c]));
+                tmp_idx[idx_offset + c] = v;
+            }
+        }
+        need_barrier = true;
+    }
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint outer_idx = p.outer_start, k = (2 << outer_idx); outer_idx < p.outer_end; k *= 2, outer_idx++) {
+        uint inner_end = min(p.inner_end, outer_idx + 1);
+        for (uint j = k >> (p.inner_start + 1), inner_idx = p.inner_start; inner_idx < inner_end; j /= 2, inner_idx++) {
+            if (need_barrier) {
+                controlBarrier(gl_ScopeWorkgroup, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, gl_StorageSemanticsBuffer, gl_SemanticsAcquireRelease);
+            }
+            need_barrier = true;
+            [[unroll]] for (int u = 0; u < WG_UNROLL_FACTOR; ++u) {
+                int c = u*BLOCK_SIZE + col;
+                const int ixj = int(c ^ j);
+
+                if (ixj < c) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                int idx_0 = (c & k) == 0 ? c : ixj;
+                int idx_1 = (c & k) == 0 ? ixj : c;
+
+                ivec2 sh_idx_0 = tmp_idx[idx_offset + idx_0];
+                ivec2 sh_idx_1 = tmp_idx[idx_offset + idx_1];
+                bool idx_0_oob = needs_bounds_check ? sh_idx_0.x >= p.ncols : false;
+                bool idx_1_oob = needs_bounds_check ? sh_idx_1.x >= p.ncols : false;
+
+                if ((idx_0_oob ||
+                    (!idx_1_oob && intBitsToFloat(sh_idx_0.y) > intBitsToFloat(sh_idx_1.y)))) {
+                    tmp_idx[idx_offset + idx_0] = sh_idx_1;
+                    tmp_idx[idx_offset + idx_1] = sh_idx_0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (p.outer_end == p.ncols_padded_log2 &&
+        p.inner_end >= p.ncols_padded_log2 + 1) {
+        controlBarrier(gl_ScopeWorkgroup, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, gl_StorageSemanticsBuffer, gl_SemanticsAcquireRelease);
+        [[unroll]] for (int u = 0; u < WG_UNROLL_FACTOR; ++u) {
+            uint c = u*BLOCK_SIZE + col;
+            if (c < p.ncols) {
+                if (p.order == ASC) {
+                    data_d[row_offset + c] = tmp_idx[idx_offset + c].x;
+                } else {
+                    data_d[row_offset + p.ncols - c - 1] = tmp_idx[idx_offset + c].x;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void main() {
+    if (p.ncols == p.ncols_padded) {
+        uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+        while (row < p.nrows) {
+            argsort(false, row);
+            row += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
+    } else {
+        uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+        while (row < p.nrows) {
+            argsort(true, row);
+            row += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ceil.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ceil.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0028d3721d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ceil.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(ceil(x));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/clamp.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/clamp.comp
index 1e5cb8dae4e..653431895e7 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/clamp.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/clamp.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/concat.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/concat.comp
index 9ee2f1fae20..e4046983820 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/concat.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/concat.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/contig_copy.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/contig_copy.comp
index 6567a8c54cf..ca1a3ac25bd 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/contig_copy.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/contig_copy.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv2d_dw.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv2d_dw.comp
index 938c74da500..70a301488eb 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv2d_dw.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv2d_dw.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv2d_mm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv2d_mm.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..875c012cd3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv2d_mm.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#ifdef COOPMAT2
+#extension GL_NV_cooperative_matrix2 : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_float16 : require
+#extension GL_KHR_memory_scope_semantics : enable
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_COLLECTIVES
+#    extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_shuffle : enable
+#endif
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+// shape notation: [dim(N), ..., dim(0)] -- stride(dim(j)) >= stride(dim(i)) if i > j
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer A {
+    A_TYPE knl_data[];
+};  // src0 - kernel:   [KW, KH, Cin, Cout] for conv_2d, [KW, KH, Cout, Cin] for conv_transposed_2d
+
+layout(binding = 1) readonly buffer B {
+    B_TYPE src_data[];
+};  // src1 - input:    [W, H, Cin, N] -- channel_first format
+
+layout(binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {
+    D_TYPE dst_data[];
+};  // dst - result:    [OW, OH, Cout, N]
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    // I/O channels, batch size
+    uint32_t Cout;
+    uint32_t Cin;
+    uint32_t N;
+
+    // Tensor spatial sizes: input, output
+    uint32_t W;
+    uint32_t H;
+    uint32_t OW;
+    uint32_t OH;
+
+    // Strides in elements
+    uint32_t nb01;
+    uint32_t nb02;
+    uint32_t nb03;
+
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13;
+
+    uint32_t nb1;
+    uint32_t nb2;
+    uint32_t nb3;
+
+    // fastdiv helper values
+    uint32_t OWmp;   uint32_t OWL;
+    uint32_t OWOHmp; uint32_t OWOHL;
+}
+
+p;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+// Blocktile sizes
+layout(constant_id = 1) const uint BS_K            = 128;
+layout(constant_id = 2) const uint BS_CRS          = 16;
+layout(constant_id = 3) const uint BS_NPQ          = 128;
+// Thread-tile sizes
+layout(constant_id = 4) const uint TS_K            = 8;
+layout(constant_id = 5) const uint use_collectives = 1;
+layout(constant_id = 6) const uint SHMEM_PAD       = 4;
+// Stride, padding, dilation
+layout(constant_id = 7)  const uint s0             = 1;
+layout(constant_id = 8)  const uint s1             = 1;
+layout(constant_id = 9)  const uint p0             = 0;
+layout(constant_id = 10) const uint p1             = 0;
+layout(constant_id = 11) const uint d0             = 1;
+layout(constant_id = 12) const uint d1             = 1;
+// Kernel spatial sizes
+layout(constant_id = 13) const uint KW             = 1;
+layout(constant_id = 14) const uint KH             = 1;
+
+uint32_t       tid     = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+const uint32_t WG_SIZE = gl_WorkGroupSize.x;
+
+uint splitWork(uint work_size, uint block_size) {
+    return (block_size + work_size - 1) / block_size;
+}
+
+uint32_t K   = p.Cout;
+uint32_t CRS = p.Cin * KH * KW;
+uint32_t NPQ = p.N * p.OH * p.OW;
+
+uint32_t n_elems_out = K * NPQ;
+
+// Number of blocktiles per input
+uint32_t NB_CRS = splitWork(CRS, BS_CRS);
+
+#ifdef COOPMAT2
+#define SHMEM_TYPE float16_t
+#else
+#define SHMEM_TYPE float
+#endif
+
+const uint32_t Ash_stride = BS_CRS + SHMEM_PAD;
+const uint32_t Bsh_stride = BS_NPQ + SHMEM_PAD;
+
+const uint32_t Ash_numel = BS_K * BS_CRS;
+const uint32_t Bsh_numel = BS_CRS * BS_NPQ;
+
+const uint32_t Ash_len = BS_K * Ash_stride;
+const uint32_t Bsh_len = BS_CRS * Bsh_stride;
+
+shared SHMEM_TYPE Ash[Ash_len];  // K x CRS
+shared SHMEM_TYPE Bsh[Bsh_len];  // CRS x NPQ
+
+// Threadtile sizes
+const uint32_t TS_NPQ = BS_K * BS_NPQ / WG_SIZE / TS_K;
+
+// Number of threadtiles per blocktile
+const uint32_t NT_K   = BS_K / TS_K;
+const uint32_t NT_NPQ = BS_NPQ / TS_NPQ;
+
+/*
+Compute
+KxCRS @ CRSxNPQ = K x NPQ
+K=Cout
+C=Cin
+R,S=KH,KW
+P,Q=OH,OW
+*/
+
+uint32_t B_idx_K   = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+uint32_t B_idx_NPQ = gl_WorkGroupID.y + gl_WorkGroupID.z * 512;
+
+uint32_t T_y = tid / NT_NPQ;
+uint32_t T_x = tid % NT_NPQ;
+
+uint32_t       Ar    = tid / BS_CRS;
+uint32_t       Ac    = tid % BS_CRS;
+const uint32_t ArpWg = WG_SIZE / BS_CRS;
+
+uint32_t       Br    = tid / BS_NPQ;
+uint32_t       Bc    = tid % BS_NPQ;
+const uint32_t BrpWg = WG_SIZE / BS_NPQ;
+
+// see init_fastdiv_values in ggml-vulkan.cpp
+uint fastdiv(uint n, uint mp, uint L) {
+    uint msbs, lsbs;
+    // msbs = mulhi(n, mp)
+    umulExtended(n, mp, msbs, lsbs);
+    return (msbs + n) >> L;
+}
+
+#ifdef COOPMAT2
+#define ACC_TYPE float16_t
+
+ACC_TYPE perElemOpStore(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in ACC_TYPE elem)
+{
+    uint32_t K_idx   = B_idx_K * BS_K + r;
+    uint32_t NPQ_idx = B_idx_NPQ * BS_NPQ + c;
+    uint32_t N_idx   = fastdiv(NPQ_idx, p.OWOHmp, p.OWOHL); // divide by p.OH * p.OW;
+    uint32_t OH_idx  = fastdiv(NPQ_idx - N_idx * p.OH * p.OW, p.OWmp, p.OWL); // divide by p.OW;
+    uint32_t OW_idx  = NPQ_idx - N_idx * p.OH * p.OW - OH_idx * p.OW;
+    uint32_t dst_idx = OW_idx + OH_idx * p.nb1 + K_idx * p.nb2 + N_idx * p.nb3;
+    if (K_idx < K && NPQ_idx < NPQ) {
+        dst_data[dst_idx] = D_TYPE(elem);
+    }
+    return elem;
+}
+#endif
+
+void main() {
+    if (B_idx_NPQ * BS_NPQ >= NPQ) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+#ifdef COOPMAT2
+    coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BS_K, BS_NPQ, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> matC;
+    matC = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BS_K, BS_NPQ, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0);
+#else
+    float regC[TS_K][TS_NPQ];
+    for (uint32_t T_ly = 0; T_ly < TS_K; T_ly++) {
+        for (uint32_t T_lx = 0; T_lx < TS_NPQ; T_lx++) {
+            regC[T_ly][T_lx] = 0.0;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    /* Advance block in CRS dim */
+    [[dont_unroll]] for (uint32_t B_idx_CRS = 0; B_idx_CRS < NB_CRS; B_idx_CRS++) {
+        uint32_t CRS_idx_a;
+        uint32_t Cin_idx_a;
+        uint32_t KH_idx_a;
+        uint32_t KW_idx_a;
+
+#ifdef USE_COLLECTIVES
+        uint32_t cached_CRS_idx;
+        uint32_t cached_Cin_idx;
+        uint32_t cached_KH_idx;
+        uint32_t cached_KW_idx;
+        if (use_collectives == 1) {
+            cached_CRS_idx                = B_idx_CRS * BS_CRS + gl_SubgroupInvocationID;
+            cached_Cin_idx                = cached_CRS_idx / (KW * KH);
+            uint32_t cached_CRS_remainder = cached_CRS_idx % (KW * KH);
+            cached_KH_idx                 = cached_CRS_remainder / KW;
+            cached_KW_idx                 = cached_CRS_remainder % KW;
+
+            CRS_idx_a = subgroupShuffle(cached_CRS_idx, Ac);
+            Cin_idx_a = subgroupShuffle(cached_Cin_idx, Ac);
+            KH_idx_a  = subgroupShuffle(cached_KH_idx, Ac);
+            KW_idx_a  = subgroupShuffle(cached_KW_idx, Ac);
+        } else {
+            CRS_idx_a              = B_idx_CRS * BS_CRS + Ac;  // Global CRS_idx_a (column index of A)
+            Cin_idx_a              = CRS_idx_a / (KW * KH);
+            uint32_t CRS_remainder = CRS_idx_a % (KW * KH);
+            KH_idx_a               = CRS_remainder / KW;
+            KW_idx_a               = CRS_remainder % KW;
+        }
+#else
+        CRS_idx_a     = B_idx_CRS * BS_CRS + Ac;  // Global CRS_idx_a (column index of A)
+        Cin_idx_a     = CRS_idx_a / (KW * KH);
+        CRS_remainder = CRS_idx_a % (KW * KH);
+        KH_idx_a      = CRS_remainder / KW;
+        KW_idx_a      = CRS_remainder % KW;
+#endif
+
+        /* Load kernel to A_block: (BS_K x BS_CRS)*/
+        UNROLL for (uint32_t r_offset = 0; r_offset < BS_K; r_offset += ArpWg) {
+            uint32_t B_ly    = r_offset + Ar;
+            uint32_t B_lx    = Ac;
+            uint32_t K_idx   = B_idx_K * BS_K + B_ly; /* Global K_idx (row index of A)*/
+#ifdef TRANSPOSE
+            uint32_t knl_idx = min(KW_idx_a + KH_idx_a * p.nb01 + K_idx * p.nb02 + Cin_idx_a * p.nb03, K * CRS - 1);
+#else
+            uint32_t knl_idx = min(KW_idx_a + KH_idx_a * p.nb01 + Cin_idx_a * p.nb02 + K_idx * p.nb03, K * CRS - 1);
+#endif
+            float    val     = knl_data[knl_idx];
+            if (K_idx >= K || CRS_idx_a >= CRS) {
+                val = 0.0;
+            }
+            Ash[B_ly * Ash_stride + B_lx] = SHMEM_TYPE(val);
+        }
+        /* Load input to B_block: (BS_CRS x BS_NPQ) */
+        UNROLL for (uint32_t r_offset = 0; r_offset < BS_CRS; r_offset += BrpWg) {
+            uint32_t B_ly          = r_offset + Br;             /* Row index of B block */
+            uint32_t B_lx          = Bc;
+            uint32_t NPQ_idx       = B_idx_NPQ * BS_NPQ + B_lx; /* Global NPQ index (column index of B) */
+            uint32_t N_idx         = fastdiv(NPQ_idx, p.OWOHmp, p.OWOHL); // divide by p.OH * p.OW;
+            uint32_t NPQ_remainder = NPQ_idx - N_idx * p.OH * p.OW;
+            uint32_t OH_idx        = fastdiv(NPQ_remainder, p.OWmp, p.OWL); // divide by p.OW;
+            uint32_t OW_idx        = NPQ_remainder - OH_idx * p.OW;
+
+            uint32_t CRS_idx_b;
+            uint32_t Cin_idx_b;
+            uint32_t KH_idx_b;
+            uint32_t KW_idx_b;
+#ifdef USE_COLLECTIVES
+            if (use_collectives == 1) {
+                CRS_idx_b = subgroupShuffle(cached_CRS_idx, r_offset + Br);
+                Cin_idx_b = subgroupShuffle(cached_Cin_idx, r_offset + Br);
+                KH_idx_b  = subgroupShuffle(cached_KH_idx, r_offset + Br);
+                KW_idx_b  = subgroupShuffle(cached_KW_idx, r_offset + Br);
+            } else {
+                CRS_idx_b              = B_idx_CRS * BS_CRS + B_ly; /* Global CRS index (row index of B) */
+                Cin_idx_b              = CRS_idx_b / (KW * KH);
+                uint32_t CRS_remainder = CRS_idx_b % (KW * KH);
+                KH_idx_b               = CRS_remainder / KW;
+                KW_idx_b               = CRS_remainder % KW;
+            }
+#else
+            CRS_idx_b              = B_idx_CRS * BS_CRS + B_ly; /* Global CRS index (row index of B) */
+            Cin_idx_b              = CRS_idx_b / (KW * KH);
+            uint32_t CRS_remainder = CRS_idx_b % (KW * KH);
+            KH_idx_b               = CRS_remainder / KW;
+            KW_idx_b               = CRS_remainder % KW;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TRANSPOSE
+            uint32_t H_idx_x_s1 = OH_idx - KH_idx_b * d1 + p1;
+            uint32_t W_idx_x_s0 = OW_idx - KW_idx_b * d0 + p0;
+            uint32_t H_idx = H_idx_x_s1 / s1;
+            uint32_t W_idx = W_idx_x_s0 / s0;
+#else
+            uint32_t H_idx = OH_idx * s1 + KH_idx_b * d1 - p1;
+            uint32_t W_idx = OW_idx * s0 + KW_idx_b * d0 - p0;
+#endif
+            uint32_t src_idx =
+                min(max(W_idx + H_idx * p.nb11 + Cin_idx_b * p.nb12 + N_idx * p.nb13, 0), p.Cin * p.N * p.W * p.H - 1);
+            float val = src_data[src_idx];
+            if (CRS_idx_b >= CRS || NPQ_idx >= NPQ
+                || H_idx >= p.H || W_idx >= p.W // Lower bound checks aren't necessary. (idx >= 0x80000000 for such case)
+#ifdef TRANSPOSE
+                || (H_idx_x_s1 - H_idx * s1 != 0) || (W_idx_x_s0 - W_idx * s0 != 0)
+#endif
+                ) {
+                val = 0.0;
+            }
+            Bsh[B_ly * Bsh_stride + B_lx] = SHMEM_TYPE(val);
+        }
+        barrier();
+#ifdef COOPMAT2
+        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BS_K, BS_CRS, gl_MatrixUseA> matA;
+        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BS_CRS, BS_NPQ, gl_MatrixUseB> matB;
+
+        coopMatLoad(matA, Ash, 0, Ash_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+        coopMatLoad(matB, Bsh, 0, Bsh_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+        matC = coopMatMulAdd(matA, matB, matC);
+#else
+        if (T_y * TS_K < K) {
+            UNROLL for (uint32_t CRS_lidx = 0; CRS_lidx < BS_CRS; CRS_lidx++) {
+                float regA[TS_K];
+                float regB[TS_NPQ];
+                for (uint32_t T_ly = 0; T_ly < TS_K; T_ly++) {
+                    regA[T_ly] = Ash[(T_y * TS_K + T_ly) * Ash_stride + CRS_lidx];
+                }
+                for (uint32_t T_lx = 0; T_lx < TS_NPQ; T_lx++) {
+                    regB[T_lx] = Bsh[CRS_lidx * Bsh_stride + T_x * TS_NPQ + T_lx];
+                }
+                for (uint32_t T_ly = 0; T_ly < TS_K; T_ly++) {
+                    for (uint32_t T_lx = 0; T_lx < TS_NPQ; T_lx++) {
+                        regC[T_ly][T_lx] = fma(regA[T_ly], regB[T_lx], regC[T_ly][T_lx]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        barrier();
+    }
+    /* Save C* */
+#ifdef COOPMAT2
+    coopMatPerElementNV(matC, matC, perElemOpStore);
+#else
+    if (T_y * TS_K < K) {
+        for (uint32_t T_ly = 0; T_ly < TS_K; T_ly++) {
+            for (uint32_t T_lx = 0; T_lx < TS_NPQ; T_lx++) {
+                uint32_t K_idx   = B_idx_K * BS_K + T_y * TS_K + T_ly;
+                uint32_t NPQ_idx = B_idx_NPQ * BS_NPQ + T_x * TS_NPQ + T_lx;
+                uint32_t N_idx   = fastdiv(NPQ_idx, p.OWOHmp, p.OWOHL); // divide by p.OH * p.OW;
+                uint32_t OH_idx  = fastdiv(NPQ_idx - N_idx * p.OH * p.OW, p.OWmp, p.OWL); // divide by p.OW;
+                uint32_t OW_idx  = NPQ_idx - N_idx * p.OH * p.OW - OH_idx * p.OW;
+                uint32_t dst_idx = OW_idx + OH_idx * p.nb1 + K_idx * p.nb2 + N_idx * p.nb3;
+                if (K_idx < K && NPQ_idx < NPQ) {
+                    dst_data[dst_idx] = regC[T_ly][T_lx];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv_transpose_1d.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv_transpose_1d.comp
index b17b4e83eec..5217e18bdd9 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv_transpose_1d.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/conv_transpose_1d.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};   // src0 - kernel:    [K, Cout, Cin]
 layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {B_TYPE data_b[];};   // src1 - input:     [L, Cin]
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy.comp
index f476a2e3dd8..9f8bfd3c182 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp
index dbc7daa3328..06df5095258 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
-#include "dequant_funcs.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+#include "dequant_funcs.glsl"
 
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-// 16 invocations needed for init_iq4nl_shmem
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL) || defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+// 16 invocations needed for init_iq_shmem
 layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 #else
 layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp
index 9c76437d9b0..b8c40eec102 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp
@@ -1,22 +1,33 @@
 #version 450
 
-#if RTE16
-#extension GL_EXT_spirv_intrinsics : enable
-spirv_execution_mode(capabilities = [4467], 4462, 16); // RoundingModeRTE, 16 bits
-#endif // RTE16
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-// 16 invocations needed for init_iq4nl_shmem
-layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+#if defined(SET_ROWS) && QUANT_K == 1
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 512;
 #else
-layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(local_size_x = 32, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
 #endif
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer S {float data_s[];};
+
+#if defined(SET_ROWS)
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer C {B_TYPE data_i[];};
+layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer Q {A_TYPE data_q[];};
+
+#if B_SIZE == 64
+#define DATA_I_SWIZZLE .x
+#else
+#define DATA_I_SWIZZLE
+#endif
+
+#else
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer Q {A_TYPE data_q[];};
+#endif
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
 void quantize(uint dst_idx, uint src_idx)
@@ -221,15 +232,56 @@ void quantize(uint dst_idx, uint src_idx)
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
+void quantize(uint dst_idx, uint src_idx)
+{
+    data_q[dst_idx] = A_TYPE(data_s[src_idx]);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_BF16)
+void quantize(uint dst_idx, uint src_idx)
+{
+    data_q[dst_idx] = A_TYPE(fp32_to_bf16(data_s[src_idx]));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SET_ROWS)
+
 void main() {
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
     init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
-    if (gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x != 0) {
+#endif
+
+    const uint idx = ((gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x) * BLOCK_SIZE + gl_LocalInvocationID.x) * QUANT_K;
+
+    if (idx >= p.ne) {
         return;
     }
+
+    uint i00, i01, i02, i03;
+    get_indices(idx, i00, i01, i02, i03);
+
+    uint i12 = fastmod(i03, p.ne12);
+    uint i11 = fastmod(i02, p.ne11);
+    uint i10 = i01;
+
+    uint i1 = data_i[src1_idx(i10, i11, i12, 0) + get_boffset()] DATA_I_SWIZZLE;
+
+    uint src0_idx = src0_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03) + get_aoffset();
+    uint dst_idx = dst_idx(i00 / QUANT_K, i1, i02, i03) + get_doffset();
+
+    quantize(dst_idx, src0_idx);
+}
+
+#else
+
+void main() {
+#ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
-    const uint idx = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x * QUANT_K;
+    const uint idx = (gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x * 32 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x) * QUANT_K;
 
     if (idx >= p.ne) {
         return;
@@ -240,3 +292,5 @@ void main() {
 
     quantize(dst_idx, src_idx);
 }
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_transpose.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_transpose.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..220ccc9111c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_transpose.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+
+// workgroup does 32x32 tile, but uses 32x8 threads
+#define TILE_DIM 32
+layout(local_size_x = 32, local_size_y = 8, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+shared uint sh[TILE_DIM][TILE_DIM + 1];
+
+void iter(uvec3 wg_id) {
+    const uint tile_col = wg_id.x;
+    const uint tile_row = wg_id.y;
+
+    const uint tid_col = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    const uint tid_row = gl_LocalInvocationID.y;
+
+    const uint i2 = wg_id.z % p.ne12;
+    const uint i3 = wg_id.z / p.ne12;
+    const uint i02 = i2;
+    const uint i03 = i3;
+
+    // The workgroup does TILE_DIM x TILE_DIM, but swaps the LSBs of the
+    // src coords to make memory accesses contiguous, dst has tid.x in i0,
+    // src has tid.x in i01
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+        const uint i00 = tile_col * TILE_DIM + tid_row + 8 * y;
+        const uint i01 = tile_row * TILE_DIM + tid_col;
+        if (i00 < p.ne00 && i01 < p.ne01 && i02 < p.ne02 && i03 < p.ne03) {
+            const uint src_idx = i00 * p.nb00 + i01 * p.nb01 + i02 * p.nb02 + i03 * p.nb03;
+            sh[tid_row + 8 * y][tid_col] = uint(data_a[get_aoffset() + src_idx]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    barrier();
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+        const uint i0 = tile_col * TILE_DIM + tid_col;
+        const uint i1 = tile_row * TILE_DIM + tid_row + 8 * y;
+        if (i0 < p.ne10 && i1 < p.ne11 && i2 < p.ne12 && i3 < p.ne13) {
+            const uint dst_idx = i0 * p.nb10 + i1 * p.nb11 + i2 * p.nb12 + i3 * p.nb13;
+            // load transposed
+            data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx] = D_TYPE(sh[tid_col][tid_row + 8 * y]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#define CEIL_DIV(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+void main() {
+    uint z = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
+    uint y = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    bool need_barrier = false;
+    for (uint z = gl_WorkGroupID.z; z < p.ne12 * p.ne13; z += gl_NumWorkGroups.z) {
+        for (uint y = gl_WorkGroupID.y; y < CEIL_DIV(p.ne11, TILE_DIM); y += gl_NumWorkGroups.y) {
+            for (uint x = gl_WorkGroupID.x; x < CEIL_DIV(p.ne10, TILE_DIM); x += gl_NumWorkGroups.x) {
+                if (need_barrier) {
+                    barrier();
+                }
+                need_barrier = true;
+                iter(uvec3(x, y, z));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cos.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cos.comp
index 0b8d02f58fc..db6865db981 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cos.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cos.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/count_equal.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/count_equal.comp
index d9345497c73..e75df667564 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/count_equal.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/count_equal.comp
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/count_experts.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/count_experts.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ffc8608691f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/count_experts.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint32_t ne00;
+    uint32_t ne01;
+    uint32_t nb00;
+    uint32_t nb01;
+    uint32_t a_offset;
+} p;
+
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {uint data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {uint data_d[];};
+
+shared uint vals[BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+void main() {
+    const uint expert_id = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    const uint num_elements = p.ne00 * p.ne01;
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+
+    uint count = 0;
+    for (uint idx = tid; idx < num_elements; idx += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        const uint i01 = idx / p.ne00;
+        const uint i00 = idx % p.ne00;
+        const uint a = data_a[p.a_offset + i01 * p.nb01 + i00 * p.nb00];
+
+        count += uint(a == expert_id);
+    }
+
+    vals[tid] = count;
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            vals[tid] += vals[tid + s];
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        data_d[expert_id] = vals[0];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75e3c3b0eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "sum_rows.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+layout (constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 128;
+layout (constant_id = 1) const uint SUBGROUP_SIZE = 32;
+layout (constant_id = 2) const uint ELEM_PER_THREAD = 4;
+
+#define CEIL_DIV(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE partial[BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE];
+shared FLOAT_TYPE last_sum;
+
+void main() {
+    const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+
+    const uint i03 = fastdiv(row, p.ne0_12mp, p.ne0_12L);
+    const uint i03_offset = i03 * p.ne01*p.ne02;
+    const uint i02 = fastdiv(row - i03_offset, p.ne0_1mp, p.ne0_1L);
+    const uint i01 = row - i03_offset - i02*p.ne01;
+
+    const uint src_idx = get_aoffset() + i01 * p.nb01 + i02 * p.nb02 + i03 * p.nb03;
+    const uint dst_idx = get_doffset() + i01 * p.nb11 + i02 * p.nb12 + i03 * p.nb13;
+
+    uint subgroup_id = tid / SUBGROUP_SIZE;
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        last_sum = 0;
+    }
+
+    uint col = tid * ELEM_PER_THREAD;
+    uint num_iter = CEIL_DIV(p.n_cols, BLOCK_SIZE * ELEM_PER_THREAD);
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_iter; ++i) {
+        FLOAT_TYPE v[ELEM_PER_THREAD];
+        FLOAT_TYPE thread_sum = 0;
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < ELEM_PER_THREAD; ++j) {
+            if (col + j < p.n_cols) {
+                thread_sum += FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[src_idx + col + j]);
+            }
+            v[j] = thread_sum;
+        }
+
+        thread_sum = subgroupExclusiveAdd(thread_sum);
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < ELEM_PER_THREAD; ++j) {
+            v[j] += thread_sum;
+        }
+        // Store the largest partial sum for each subgroup, then add the partials for all
+        // lower subgroups and the final partial sum from the previous iteration.
+        if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == SUBGROUP_SIZE - 1) {
+            partial[subgroup_id] = v[ELEM_PER_THREAD - 1];
+        }
+        barrier();
+        for (int s = 0; s < subgroup_id; ++s) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < ELEM_PER_THREAD; ++j) {
+                v[j] += partial[s];
+            }
+        }
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < ELEM_PER_THREAD; ++j) {
+            v[j] += last_sum;
+        }
+        barrier();
+        if (tid == BLOCK_SIZE - 1) {
+            last_sum = v[ELEM_PER_THREAD - 1];
+        }
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < ELEM_PER_THREAD; ++j) {
+            if (col + j < p.n_cols) {
+                data_d[dst_idx + col + j] = D_TYPE(v[j]);
+            }
+        }
+        col += BLOCK_SIZE * ELEM_PER_THREAD;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum_multipass1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum_multipass1.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d39f927fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum_multipass1.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "sum_rows.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer T {D_TYPE data_t[];};
+
+layout (constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 128;
+layout (constant_id = 1) const uint SUBGROUP_SIZE = 32;
+
+#define CEIL_DIV(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE partial[BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE];
+
+void main() {
+    const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    const uint col = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    const uint i03 = fastdiv(row, p.ne0_12mp, p.ne0_12L);
+    const uint i03_offset = i03 * p.ne01*p.ne02;
+    const uint i02 = fastdiv(row - i03_offset, p.ne0_1mp, p.ne0_1L);
+    const uint i01 = row - i03_offset - i02*p.ne01;
+
+    const uint src_idx = get_aoffset() + i01 * p.nb01 + i02 * p.nb02 + i03 * p.nb03;
+    const uint dst_idx = get_doffset() + i01 * p.nb11 + i02 * p.nb12 + i03 * p.nb13;
+
+    uint subgroup_id = tid / SUBGROUP_SIZE;
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE v = 0;
+    if (col < p.n_cols) {
+        v = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[src_idx + col]);
+    }
+    v = subgroupInclusiveAdd(v);
+
+    // Store the largest partial sum for each subgroup, then add the partials for all
+    // lower subgroups and the final partial sum from the previous iteration.
+    if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == SUBGROUP_SIZE - 1) {
+        partial[subgroup_id] = v;
+    }
+    barrier();
+    for (int j = 0; j < subgroup_id; ++j) {
+        v += partial[j];
+    }
+    barrier();
+    if (tid == BLOCK_SIZE - 1) {
+        data_t[gl_WorkGroupID.x + gl_NumWorkGroups.x * row] = v;
+    }
+    if (col < p.n_cols) {
+        data_d[dst_idx + col] = D_TYPE(v);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum_multipass2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum_multipass2.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e401893466c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/cumsum_multipass2.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "sum_rows.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer T {D_TYPE data_t[];};
+
+layout (constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 128;
+layout (constant_id = 1) const uint SUBGROUP_SIZE = 32;
+
+#define CEIL_DIV(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE temp[BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE];
+
+void main() {
+    const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+
+    const uint i03 = fastdiv(row, p.ne0_12mp, p.ne0_12L);
+    const uint i03_offset = i03 * p.ne01*p.ne02;
+    const uint i02 = fastdiv(row - i03_offset, p.ne0_1mp, p.ne0_1L);
+    const uint i01 = row - i03_offset - i02*p.ne01;
+
+    const uint src_idx = get_aoffset() + i01 * p.nb01 + i02 * p.nb02 + i03 * p.nb03;
+    const uint dst_idx = get_doffset() + i01 * p.nb11 + i02 * p.nb12 + i03 * p.nb13;
+
+    const uint col = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    float v = 0;
+    // prefetch value we're adding to
+    if (col < p.n_cols) {
+        v = data_d[dst_idx + col];
+    }
+
+    // compute the sum of all previous blocks
+    uint c = tid;
+    float sum = 0;
+    while (c < gl_WorkGroupID.x) {
+        sum += data_t[c + gl_NumWorkGroups.x * row];
+        c += BLOCK_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    sum = subgroupAdd(sum);
+    if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+        temp[gl_SubgroupID] = sum;
+    }
+    barrier();
+    sum = 0;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = 0; s < BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE; ++s) {
+        sum += temp[s];
+    }
+
+    // Add the sum to what the first pass computed
+    if (col < p.n_cols) {
+        data_d[dst_idx + col] = v + sum;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_f32.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_f32.comp
index a4d3fca5562..765afffa80f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_f32.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_f32.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.glsl
similarity index 72%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.glsl
index 0d9739d4060..7865a6bda79 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.glsl
@@ -2,14 +2,7 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int8 : require
 #endif
 
-#include "types.comp"
-
-#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED16)
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 data_a_packed16[];};
-#endif
-#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED32)
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED32 {A_TYPE_PACKED32 data_a_packed32[];};
-#endif
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_F32)
 vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
@@ -408,13 +401,7 @@ vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
     const uint sl = (data_a[a_offset + ib].scales_l[ib32/2] >> (4 * (ib32 & 1))) & 0xF;
     const uint sh = (data_a[a_offset + ib].scales_h >> (2 * ib32)) & 3;
     const uint qshift = (iqs & 16) >> 2;
-    u8vec4 qs = u8vec4(
-        data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iq + 0],
-        data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iq + 1],
-        data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iq + 2],
-        data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iq + 3]
-    );
-    qs = (qs >> qshift) & uint8_t(0xF);
+    const u8vec4 qs = unpack8((data_a_packed32[a_offset + ib].qs[iq/4] >> qshift) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
 
     const float dl = float(int(sl | (sh << 4)) - 32);
     return dl * vec4(
@@ -434,6 +421,18 @@ vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint vui = uint(data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs]);
+    return vec2(kvalues_mxfp4[vui & 0xF], kvalues_mxfp4[vui >> 4]) * 0.5;
+}
+vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    vec2 v0 = dequantize(ib, iqs, a_offset);
+    vec2 v1 = dequantize(ib, iqs + 1, a_offset);
+    return vec4(v0.x, v0.y, v1.x, v1.y);
+}
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16) || defined(DATA_A_BF16)
 vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
     return vec2(0, 0);
@@ -455,8 +454,151 @@ vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
+    return vec2(e8m0_to_fp32(data_a[a_offset + ib].e), 0);
+}
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q4_1) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
 vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
-    return vec2(float(data_a[a_offset + ib].d), float(data_a[a_offset + ib].m));
+    const vec2 dm = vec2(data_a_packed32[a_offset + ib].dm);
+    return dm;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    iqs /= 2;
+    const uint qsi = (iqs / 64) * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2; // 0,2,4..30
+    const uint scalesi = iqs / 8;                      // 0..15
+    const uint qsshift = ((iqs % 64) / 16) * 2;        // 0,2,4,6
+
+    const uvec2 qs = uvec2(data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi], data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi + 1]);
+    const uint scales = data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[scalesi];
+    const vec2 dm = vec2(data_a[a_offset + ib].dm);
+
+    return dm.x * float(scales & 0xF) * vec2((qs >> qsshift) & 3) - dm.y * float(scales >> 4);
+}
+vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
+    return vec2(1, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q3_K)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    iqs /= 2;
+    const uint n = iqs / 64;                     // 0,1
+    const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;    // 0,2,4..62
+    const uint hmi =          (iqs % 16) * 2;    // 0,2,4..30
+    const uint j = (iqs % 64) / 4;               // 0..3
+    const uint is = iqs / 8;                     // 0..15
+    const uint halfsplit = ((iqs % 64) / 16);    // 0,1,2,3
+    const uint qsshift = halfsplit * 2;          // 0,2,4,6
+    const uint m = 1 << (4 * n + halfsplit);     // 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
+
+    const int8_t us = int8_t(((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[is % 8] >> (4 * int(is / 8))) & 0xF)
+                          | (((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[8 + (is % 4)] >> (2 * int(is / 4))) & 3) << 4));
+    const float dl = float(data_a[a_offset + ib].d) * float(us - 32);
+
+    return vec2(dl * float(int8_t((data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi    ] >> qsshift) & 3) - (((data_a[a_offset + ib].hmask[hmi    ] & m) != 0) ? 0 : 4)),
+                dl * float(int8_t((data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi + 1] >> qsshift) & 3) - (((data_a[a_offset + ib].hmask[hmi + 1] & m) != 0) ? 0 : 4)));
+}
+vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
+    return vec2(1, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    iqs /= 2;
+    const uint n = iqs / 32;                   // 0,1,2,3
+    const uint b = (iqs % 32) / 16;            // 0,1
+    const uint is = 2 * n + b;                 // 0..7
+    const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;  // 0,2,4..126
+
+    const vec2 loadd = vec2(data_a[a_offset + ib].dm);
+
+    const uint scidx0 = (is < 4) ? is : (is + 4);
+    const uint scidx1 = (is < 4) ? is : (is - 4);
+    const uint scidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+    const uint scidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+    const uint mbidx0 = is + 4;
+    const uint mbidx1 = (is < 4) ? is + 4 : is;
+    const uint mbidxmask0 = (is < 4) ? 0xF : 0xF0;
+    const uint mbidxshift0 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 4;
+    const uint mbidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+    const uint mbidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+
+    const uint8_t sc = uint8_t((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[scidx0] & 0xF) | ((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[scidx1] & scidxmask1) >> scidxshift1));
+    const uint8_t mbyte = uint8_t((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[mbidx0] & mbidxmask0) >> mbidxshift0 | ((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[mbidx1] & mbidxmask1) >> mbidxshift1));
+
+    const float d = loadd.x * sc;
+    const float m = -loadd.y * mbyte;
+
+    return vec2(fma(d, float((data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi    ] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF), m),
+                fma(d, float((data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF), m));
+}
+vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
+    return vec2(1, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    iqs /= 2;
+    const uint n = iqs / 32;                   // 0,1,2,3
+    const uint b = (iqs % 32) / 16;            // 0,1
+    const uint is = 2 * n + b;                 // 0..7
+    const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;  // 0,2,4..126
+    const uint qhi = (iqs % 16) * 2;           // 0,2,4..30
+
+    const uint8_t hm = uint8_t(1 << (iqs / 16));
+
+    const vec2 loadd = vec2(data_a[a_offset + ib].dm);
+
+    const uint scidx0 = (is < 4) ? is : (is + 4);
+    const uint scidx1 = (is < 4) ? is : (is - 4);
+    const uint scidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+    const uint scidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+    const uint mbidx0 = is + 4;
+    const uint mbidx1 = (is < 4) ? is + 4 : is;
+    const uint mbidxmask0 = (is < 4) ? 0xF : 0xF0;
+    const uint mbidxshift0 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 4;
+    const uint mbidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+    const uint mbidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+
+    const uint8_t sc    = uint8_t((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[scidx0] & 0xF)                         | ((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[scidx1] & scidxmask1) >> scidxshift1));
+    const uint8_t mbyte = uint8_t(((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[mbidx0] & mbidxmask0) >> mbidxshift0) | ((data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[mbidx1] & mbidxmask1) >> mbidxshift1));
+
+    const float d = loadd.x * sc;
+    const float m = -loadd.y * mbyte;
+
+    return vec2(fma(d, float((data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi    ] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) + float((data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[qhi    ] & hm) != 0 ? 16 : 0), m),
+                fma(d, float((data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) + float((data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[qhi + 1] & hm) != 0 ? 16 : 0), m));
+}
+vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
+    return vec2(1, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    iqs /= 2;
+    const uint n = iqs / 64;                    // 0,1
+    const uint b = (iqs % 64) / 32;             // 0,1
+    const uint is_b = (iqs % 16) / 8;           // 0,1
+    const uint qhshift = ((iqs % 64) / 16) * 2; // 0,2,4,6
+    const uint is = 8 * n + qhshift + is_b;     // 0..15
+    const uint qsi = n * 64 + (iqs % 32) * 2;   // 0,2,4..126
+    const uint qhi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;   // 0,2,4..62
+
+    const float dscale = float(data_a[a_offset + ib].d) * float(data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[is]);
+
+    return vec2(dscale * float(int8_t(((data_a[a_offset + ib].ql[qsi    ] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[qhi    ] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32),
+                dscale * float(int8_t(((data_a[a_offset + ib].ql[qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[qhi + 1] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32));
+}
+vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
+    return vec2(1, 0);
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.glsl
similarity index 95%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.glsl
index 9cb7da2daab..8ac6482dc94 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.glsl
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 16) buffer decodeBufF32 {
+   vec4 block;
+};
+
+float16_t dequantFuncF32(const in decodeBufF32 bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
+{
+    const vec4 v = bl.block;
+    const uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
+    const f16vec4 vf16 = f16vec4(v);
+    return vf16[idx];
+}
 
 layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufQ4_0 {
    block_q4_0_packed16 block;
@@ -108,7 +120,7 @@ layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 16) buffer decodeBufQ2
 float16_t dequantFuncQ2_K(const in decodeBufQ2_K bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
 {
     decodeBufQ2_K_packed16 bl16 = decodeBufQ2_K_packed16(bl);
-    const f16vec2 d = bl.block.d;
+    const f16vec2 dm = bl.block.dm;
     const uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
 
     const uint scalesi = (idx & 0xF0) >> 4;             // 0..15
@@ -119,7 +131,7 @@ float16_t dequantFuncQ2_K(const in decodeBufQ2_K bl, const in uint blockCoords[2
     qs = unpack8(qs)[idx & 1];
 
     const uint scales = bl.block.scales[scalesi];
-    float16_t ret = d.x * float16_t(scales & 0xF) * float16_t(qs) - d.y * float16_t(scales >> 4);
+    float16_t ret = dm.x * float16_t(scales & 0xF) * float16_t(qs) - dm.y * float16_t(scales >> 4);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -654,6 +666,25 @@ float16_t dequantFuncIQ4_NL(const in decodeBufIQ4_NL bl, const in uint blockCoor
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufMXFP4 {
+   block_mxfp4 block;
+};
+
+float16_t dequantFuncMXFP4(const in decodeBufMXFP4 bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
+{
+    const float d = e8m0_to_fp32(bl.block.e);
+    const uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
+    const uint iqs = idx & 0xF;
+    const uint shift = (idx & 0x10) >> 2;
+    uint32_t qs = bl.block.qs[iqs];
+    qs >>= shift;
+    qs &= 0xF;
+    float16_t ret = float16_t(kvalues_mxfp4[qs] * d * 0.5);
+    return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
 #define dequantFuncA dequantFuncQ4_0
 #elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_1)
@@ -696,4 +727,8 @@ float16_t dequantFuncIQ4_NL(const in decodeBufIQ4_NL bl, const in uint blockCoor
 #define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ4_XS
 #elif defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
 #define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ4_NL
+#elif defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+#define dequantFuncA dequantFuncMXFP4
+#elif defined(DATA_A_F32)
+#define dequantFuncA dequantFuncF32
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_head.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_head.glsl
similarity index 91%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_head.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_head.glsl
index 8d806435b71..addceafade9 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_head.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_head.glsl
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint nel;
 } p;
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_m.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_m.comp
index b604c1881a5..637c95fa353 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_m.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_m.comp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : require
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_s.comp
index fd1e4e30d25..d1cbc5e9d02 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_s.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq1_s.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_s.comp
index 48f6b65bc40..78490162cd1 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_s.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_s.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ void main() {
         uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[4 * ib32 + l];
         const uint8_t sign = data_a[ib].qs[QUANT_K / 8 + 4 * ib32 + l];
         qs |= (qh << (8 - 2 * l)) & 0x300;
-        const uvec2 grid = iq2s_grid[qs & 511];
+        const uvec2 grid = iq2s_grid[qs];
         const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(grid.x);
         const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(grid.y);
         data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.x * ((sign & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xs.comp
index a08331c40de..9b8ce0a7f81 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xs.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xxs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xxs.comp
index e370690bcb0..aacf07d0f8e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xxs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xxs.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ void main() {
     [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
         const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signscale, 7 * int(l), 7);
         const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7); // parity bit
-        const uvec2 grid = iq2xxs_grid[data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + l]];
+        const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + l];
+        const uvec2 grid = iq2xxs_grid[qs];
         const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(grid.x);
         const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(grid.y);
         data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.x * ((sign8 & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_s.comp
index c3f4bca5d95..f2c20b1d2c0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_s.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_s.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -22,15 +22,16 @@ void main() {
     const uint b_idx = 256 * ib + 32 * is;
 
     const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-    const float db = d * (1 + 2 * ((data_a[ib].scales[is] >> (4 * (is % 2))) & 0xf));
+    const float db = d * (1 + 2 * ((data_a[ib].scales[is / 2] >> (4 * (is % 2))) & 0xf));
 
     // We must produce 32 values using 4 sign bytes, 1 qh byte, 8 qs bytes.
     uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[is];
     [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
-        uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + l];
-        uint gidx = qs | ((qh << (8 - l)) & 256);
-        uint8_t signs = data_a[ib].signs[8 * is + l / 2] >> (4 * (l & 1));
-        u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq3s_grid[gidx]);
+        const uint iqs = 8 * is + l;
+        const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[iqs];
+        const uint gidx = qs | ((qh << (8 - l)) & 256);
+        const uint8_t signs = data_a[ib].signs[iqs / 2] >> (4 * (l & 1));
+        const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq3s_grid[gidx]);
         data_b[b_idx + 4 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db * grid.x * ((signs & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
         data_b[b_idx + 4 * l + 1] = D_TYPE(db * grid.y * ((signs & 2) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
         data_b[b_idx + 4 * l + 2] = D_TYPE(db * grid.z * ((signs & 4) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_xxs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_xxs.comp
index a92b82961af..671c1f4a0d3 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_xxs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_xxs.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ void main() {
         const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signscale, 7 * int(l), 7);
         // Restore parity bit.
         const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
-        const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + 2 * l]]);
-        const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + 2 * l + 1]]);
+        const uint qs0 = data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + 2 * l];
+        const uint qs1 = data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + 2 * l + 1];
+        const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[qs0]);
+        const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[qs1]);
         data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.x * ((sign8 & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
         data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 1] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.y * ((sign8 & 2) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
         data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 2] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.z * ((sign8 & 4) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp
index 46d9ad15eba..8f7833eab2e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_xs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_xs.comp
index f930852a48a..a313699775f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_xs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_xs.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_mxfp4.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_mxfp4.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3194ba291f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_mxfp4.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {block_mxfp4 data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 4 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x / 64;
+
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
+
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % 64;
+    const uint il  = tid/32;
+    const uint ir  = tid%32;
+    const uint ib = 32*i + ir;
+    if (ib >= p.nel / 32) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint q_idx = 8*il;
+    const uint b_idx = 1024*i + 32*ir + q_idx;
+
+    const float d = e8m0_to_fp32(data_a[ib].e);
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
+        data_b[b_idx + l +  0] = D_TYPE(d * 0.5 * float(kvalues_mxfp4[data_a[ib].qs[q_idx + l] & 0xF]));
+        data_b[b_idx + l + 16] = D_TYPE(d * 0.5 * float(kvalues_mxfp4[data_a[ib].qs[q_idx + l] >>  4]));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q2_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q2_k.comp
index 157154af3a3..dc05a783489 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q2_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q2_k.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
 void main() {
     [[unroll]] for (uint wgy = 0; wgy < 256; wgy++) {
         const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 256 + wgy;
-        if (i >= p.M * p.K / QUANT_K) {
+        if (i >= p.nel / QUANT_K) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ void main() {
         const uint ql_idx = 32 * ip + il;
         const uint8_t qs = data_a[i].qs[32 * ip + il];
 
-        FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i].d.x);
-        FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i].d.y);
+        FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i].dm.x);
+        FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i].dm.y);
         data_b[y_idx +  0] = D_TYPE(dall * FLOAT_TYPE((data_a[i].scales[is+0] & 0xF) * ((qs >> 0) & 3)) - dmin * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i].scales[is+0] >> 4));
         data_b[y_idx + 32] = D_TYPE(dall * FLOAT_TYPE((data_a[i].scales[is+2] & 0xF) * ((qs >> 2) & 3)) - dmin * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i].scales[is+2] >> 4));
         data_b[y_idx + 64] = D_TYPE(dall * FLOAT_TYPE((data_a[i].scales[is+4] & 0xF) * ((qs >> 4) & 3)) - dmin * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i].scales[is+4] >> 4));
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q3_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q3_k.comp
index c17dd0d9991..0c90be8b4e2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q3_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q3_k.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
 void main() {
     [[unroll]] for (uint wgy = 0; wgy < 256; wgy++) {
         const uint i = uint(gl_WorkGroupID.x * 256 + wgy);
-        if (i >= p.M * p.K / QUANT_K) {
+        if (i >= p.nel / QUANT_K) {
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_0.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_0.comp
index 40818532725..b92b292135b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_0.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_0.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_1.comp
index 2f27eee686e..6b63cbe5833 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_1.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_1.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_k.comp
index 987f113a35a..0f23dc0a349 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q4_k.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 32, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
 void main() {
     [[unroll]] for (uint wgy = 0; wgy < 256; wgy++) {
         const uint ib = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 256 + wgy;
-        if (ib >= p.M * p.K / QUANT_K) {
+        if (ib >= p.nel / QUANT_K) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ void main() {
         const uint is = 2 * il;
         const uint n = 4;
 
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].d.x);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].d.y);
+        const FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].dm.x);
+        const FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].dm.y);
 
         const uint y_idx = ib * QUANT_K + 64 * il + n * ir;
         const uint qs_idx = 32*il + n * ir;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_0.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_0.comp
index b20b8052921..f1b0bac8727 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_0.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_0.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_1.comp
index dc59fe3b77e..c495b31f175 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_1.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_1.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_k.comp
index 6db5403b661..970469a601c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q5_k.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
 void main() {
     [[unroll]] for (uint wgy = 0; wgy < 256; wgy++) {
         const uint ib = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 256 + wgy;
-        if (ib >= p.M * p.K / QUANT_K) {
+        if (ib >= p.nel / QUANT_K) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ void main() {
         const uint ir = tid % 16;
         const uint is = 2 * il;
 
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].d.x);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].d.y);
+        const FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].dm.x);
+        const FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].dm.y);
 
         const uint y_idx = ib * QUANT_K + 64 * il + 2 * ir;
         const uint qs_idx = 32*il + 2 * ir;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q6_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q6_k.comp
index 0b91317550f..c8d6fcb49fc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q6_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q6_k.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
 void main() {
     [[unroll]] for (uint wgy = 0; wgy < 256; wgy++) {
         const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 256 + wgy;
-        if (i >= p.M * p.K / QUANT_K) {
+        if (i >= p.nel / QUANT_K) {
             return;
         }
         const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q8_0.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q8_0.comp
index bd1344a88d1..10844ddf781 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q8_0.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_q8_0.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "dequant_head.comp"
+#include "dequant_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd3f42f4911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+void main() {
+    const uint idx = get_idx();
+
+    if (idx >= p.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint i13 = fastdiv(idx, p.ne1_012mp, p.ne1_012L);
+    const uint i13_offset = i13 * p.ne12*p.ne11*p.ne10;
+    const uint i12 = fastdiv(idx - i13_offset, p.ne1_01mp, p.ne1_01L);
+    const uint i12_offset = i12*p.ne11*p.ne10;
+    const uint i11 = fastdiv(idx - i13_offset - i12_offset, p.ne1_0mp, p.ne1_0L);
+    const uint i10 = idx - i13_offset - i12_offset - i11*p.ne10;
+
+    if (i10 == i11) {
+        const float val = float(data_a[get_aoffset() + i13*p.nb03 + i12*p.nb02 + 0*p.nb01 + i10*p.nb00]);
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(idx)] = D_TYPE(val);
+    } else {
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(idx)] = D_TYPE(0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp
index 26d8bc22ad7..9cef8a8ec3d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint n_past;
 } p;
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 512, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/div.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/div.comp
index 9fb69c6c15b..572472f8a94 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/div.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/div.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
 
 const uint num_threads = 256;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/elu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/elu.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84dcbd8c88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/elu.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float x = float(data_a[i]);
+
+    if (x < 0.0f) {
+        x = exp(x) - 1;
+    }
+
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(x);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/exp.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/exp.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b69d4ddb096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/exp.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(exp(float(data_a[i])));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_bfloat16_support.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/bfloat16.comp
similarity index 100%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_bfloat16_support.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/bfloat16.comp
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat_support.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/coopmat.comp
similarity index 100%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat_support.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/coopmat.comp
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat2_support.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/coopmat2.comp
similarity index 100%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_coopmat2_support.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/coopmat2.comp
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_integer_dot_support.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/integer_dot.comp
similarity index 100%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/test_integer_dot_support.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/feature-tests/integer_dot.comp
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/fill.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/fill.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a56be76c61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/fill.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // p.param1 = fill value
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(p.param1);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn.comp
index ce230a8f7d9..ec48f5b1152 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn.comp
@@ -3,18 +3,26 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
 
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_float16 : require
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
+#ifdef FLOAT16
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_float16 : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_subgroup_extended_types_float16 : require
+#endif
+
 #extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_shuffle : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_vote : enable
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "flash_attn_base.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "flash_attn_base.glsl"
 
-const uint32_t D_per_thread = D / D_split;
+const uint32_t HSK_per_thread = HSK / D_split;
+const uint32_t HSV_per_thread = HSV / D_split;
 
-const uint32_t cols_per_iter = WorkGroupSize / D_split;
+const uint32_t rows_per_thread = Br / row_split;
+const uint32_t cols_per_iter = WorkGroupSize / D_split / row_split;
 const uint32_t cols_per_thread = Bc / cols_per_iter;
+const uint32_t num_subgroups = SubGroupSize == 0 ? 0 : WorkGroupSize / SubGroupSize;
 
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer Q {float data_q[];};
@@ -25,20 +33,22 @@ layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer V {float16_t data_v[];};
 layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer VV4 {f16vec4 data_vv4[];};
 layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer M {float16_t data_m[];};
 
-// Store the output when doing grouped query attention.
-// Rows index by Q's dimension 2, and the first N rows are valid.
-D_TYPE perElemOpGqaStore(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in D_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t o_offset, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N)
-{
-    uint32_t offset = (iq2 + r) * D + c;
-    data_o[o_offset + offset] = D_TYPE(elem);
-    return elem;
-}
+// If SubGroupSize is set to 0 then only use shmem reductions
+const uint32_t tmpsh_size = (SubGroupSize > 0) ? (row_split == 1 ? num_subgroups * D_split : num_subgroups) : WorkGroupSize;
+shared float tmpsh[tmpsh_size];
+shared FLOAT_TYPEV4 tmpshv4[tmpsh_size];
 
-shared FLOAT_TYPE tmpsh[WorkGroupSize];
-shared vec4 tmpshv4[WorkGroupSize];
+const uint32_t masksh_stride = Br + 1;
+shared FLOAT_TYPE masksh[Bc * masksh_stride];
 
-shared float masksh[Bc][Br];
-shared vec4 Qf[Br][D / 4];
+const uint32_t qf_stride = HSK / 4 + 1;
+shared FLOAT_TYPEV4 Qf[Br * qf_stride];
+
+const uint32_t D = HSK > HSV ? HSK : HSV;
+const uint32_t kvsh_stride = D / 4 + 1;
+shared FLOAT_TYPEV4 kvsh[SHMEM_STAGING != 0 ? Bc * kvsh_stride : 1];
+
+shared vec4 occupancy_limiter[LIMIT_OCCUPANCY_SHMEM > 0 ? LIMIT_OCCUPANCY_SHMEM : 1];
 
 void main() {
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
@@ -48,50 +58,70 @@ void main() {
     init_indices();
 
     const uint32_t tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+    const uint32_t threads_per_rowgroup = gl_WorkGroupSize.x / row_split;
+    const uint32_t row_tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex / threads_per_rowgroup;
+    const uint32_t rowgroup_tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex % threads_per_rowgroup;
     const uint32_t d_tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex % D_split;
-    const uint32_t col_tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex / D_split;
+    const uint32_t col_tid = (gl_LocalInvocationIndex % threads_per_rowgroup) / D_split;
+
+    if (LIMIT_OCCUPANCY_SHMEM > 0) {
+        // This just exists to avoid the occupancy_limiter array getting optimized out
+        occupancy_limiter[tid] = vec4(tid);
+
+        barrier();
+
+        if (occupancy_limiter[tid] == vec4(99999.0)) {
+            data_ov4[0] = D_TYPEV4(occupancy_limiter[tid]);
+        }
+    }
+
+#define tile_row(r) (row_tid * rows_per_thread + (r))
 
-    uint32_t q_offset = (iq2*p.nb02+iq3*p.nb03) / 4;
+    uint32_t q_offset = gqa_iq1*p.nb01 + (iq2*p.nb02 + iq3*p.nb03) / 4;
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Br * D / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (D / 4);
-        uint32_t r = (idx + tid) / (D / 4);
-        if (r < Br && d < D / 4 &&
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Br * HSK / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+        uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (HSK / 4);
+        uint32_t r = (idx + tid) / (HSK / 4);
+        if (r < Br && d < HSK / 4 &&
             i * Br + r < N) {
-            Qf[r][d] = vec4(data_qv4[q_offset / 4 + (i * Br + r) * q_stride / 4 + d]) * p.scale;
+            Qf[r * qf_stride + d] = FLOAT_TYPEV4(data_qv4[q_offset / 4 + (i * Br + r) * q_stride / 4 + d] * p.scale);
         }
     }
     barrier();
 
-    vec4 Of[Br][D_per_thread / 4];
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            Of[r][d] = vec4(0.0);
+    FLOAT_TYPEV4 Of[rows_per_thread][HSV_per_thread / 4];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            Of[r][d] = FLOAT_TYPEV4(0.0);
         }
     }
 
-    float Lf[Br], Mf[Br];
+    float Lf[rows_per_thread], Mf[rows_per_thread];
 
     // Use -FLT_MAX/2 rather than -inf to reduce the possibility of NaNs, e.g. when computing Mold-M.
     const float NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2 = uintBitsToFloat(0xFEFFFFFF);
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
         Lf[r] = 0;
         Mf[r] = NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
     }
 
-    float slope[Br];
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-        slope[r] = 1.0;
+    ACC_TYPE slope[rows_per_thread];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+        slope[r] = ACC_TYPE(1.0);
     }
 
     // ALiBi
     if (p.max_bias > 0.0f) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            slope[r] = perElemOpComputeSlope(r, col_tid, ACC_TYPE(0), iq2);
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            slope[r] = perElemOpComputeSlope(tile_row(r), col_tid, ACC_TYPE(0), iq2);
         }
     }
 
+    const uint32_t mo_stride = CEIL_DIV(KV, 16 * Bc);
+    // mo_offset will point to the tile starting at row i*Br and col 0
+    uint32_t mo_offset = mo_stride * i;
+
 #if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
     uint32_t k_offset = (ik2*p.nb12 + ik3*p.nb13) / BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE;
     uint32_t v_offset = (iv2*p.nb22 + iv3*p.nb23) / BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE;
@@ -99,30 +129,149 @@ void main() {
     uint32_t k_offset = (ik2*p.nb12 + ik3*p.nb13) / 2;
     uint32_t v_offset = (iv2*p.nb22 + iv3*p.nb23) / 2;
 #endif
+    uint32_t m_offset = gqa_iq1*KV;
+    if (p.nem2 != 1 || p.nem3 != 1) {
+        m_offset += ((iq3 % p.nem3) * p.nem2 + (iq2 % p.nem2)) * p.nem1 * KV;
+        mo_offset += ((iq3 % p.nem3) * p.nem2 + (iq2 % p.nem2)) * CEIL_DIV(p.nem1, Br) * mo_stride;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mask_opt = 0;
+    uint32_t mask_opt_idx = ~0;
+    uint32_t mask_opt_bits = 0;
 
     [[dont_unroll]]
     for (uint32_t j = start_j; j < end_j; ++j) {
+        if (MASK_ENABLE) {
+            if (USE_MASK_OPT && mask_opt_idx != j / 16) {
+                mask_opt_idx = j / 16;
+                mask_opt = data_mask_opt[mo_offset + mask_opt_idx];
+            }
+            mask_opt_bits = (mask_opt >> ((j % 16) * 2)) & 0x3;
+            if (mask_opt_bits == MASK_OPT_ALL_NEG_INF) {
+                // skip this block
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Only load if the block is not all zeros
+            if (mask_opt_bits != MASK_OPT_ALL_ZERO) {
+                bool nem1_bounds_check = !(p.gqa_ratio > 1) && (p.nem1 % Br) != 0;
+
+                float max_mask = NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
+                barrier();
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * Br; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                    uint32_t c = (idx + tid) % Bc;
+                    uint32_t r = (idx + tid) / Bc;
+                    if (idx + tid < Bc * Br) {
+                        if ((!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + c < KV) && (!nem1_bounds_check || i * Br + r < p.nem1)) {
+                            FLOAT_TYPE m = FLOAT_TYPE(data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)]);
+                            masksh[c * masksh_stride + r] = m;
+                            max_mask = max(max_mask, float(m));
+                        } else {
+                            masksh[c * masksh_stride + r] = FLOAT_TYPE(0);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // skip the block if the mask is entirely -inf
+                bool all_less = subgroupAll(max_mask <= NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2);
+                barrier();
+                if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+                    tmpsh[gl_SubgroupID] = all_less ? NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2 : 0.0f;
+                }
+                barrier();
+                [[unroll]] for (uint s = 0; s < gl_NumSubgroups; ++s) {
+                    max_mask = max(max_mask, tmpsh[s]);
+                }
+                if (max_mask <= NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-        float Sf[Br][cols_per_thread];
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
+        ACC_TYPE Sf[rows_per_thread][cols_per_thread];
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
             [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-                Sf[r][c] = 0.0;
+                Sf[r][c] = ACC_TYPE(0.0);
             }
         }
 
+        if (SHMEM_STAGING != 0) {
+            barrier();
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * HSK / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (HSK / 4);
+                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (HSK / 4);
+                if (idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * HSK / 4 || c < Bc) {
+                    FLOAT_TYPEV4 K_Tf = FLOAT_TYPEV4(0);
+                    if (!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + c < KV) {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
+                        uint coord = (j * Bc + c) * k_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * d;
+                        uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                        uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                        K_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, k_offset, BINDING_IDX_K);
+#else
+                        K_Tf = FLOAT_TYPEV4(data_kv4[k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c) * k_stride / 4 + d]);
+#endif
+                    }
 
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                    kvsh[c * kvsh_stride + d] = K_Tf;
+                }
+            }
+            barrier();
+        }
+
+        // More d iterations means Q register caching becomes relevant
+        // Few iterations means the additional registers needed are worse than the speed-up from caching
+        if (HSK_per_thread / 4 > 4) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSK_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                FLOAT_TYPEV4 Q_cache[rows_per_thread];
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                    Q_cache[r] = Qf[tile_row(r) * qf_stride + d * D_split + d_tid];
+                }
+
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
+                    if (KV_bounds_check && j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid >= KV) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    FLOAT_TYPEV4 K_Tf;
+                    if (SHMEM_STAGING != 0) {
+                        K_Tf = kvsh[(c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * kvsh_stride + (d * D_split + d_tid)];
+                    } else {
 #if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
-                uint coord = (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * k_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * (d * D_split + d_tid);
-                uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
-                uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
-                vec4 K_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, k_offset, BINDING_IDX_K);
+                        uint coord = (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * k_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * (d * D_split + d_tid);
+                        uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                        uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                        K_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, k_offset, BINDING_IDX_K);
 #else
-                vec4 K_Tf = vec4(data_kv4[k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * k_stride / 4 + d * D_split + d_tid]);
+                        K_Tf = FLOAT_TYPEV4(data_kv4[k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * k_stride / 4 + d * D_split + d_tid]);
 #endif
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-                    Sf[r][c] += dot(Qf[r][d * D_split + d_tid], K_Tf);
+                    }
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                        Sf[r][c] += ACC_TYPE(dot(Q_cache[r], K_Tf));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
+                if (KV_bounds_check && j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid >= KV) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSK_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                    FLOAT_TYPEV4 K_Tf;
+                    if (SHMEM_STAGING != 0) {
+                        K_Tf = kvsh[(c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * kvsh_stride + (d * D_split + d_tid)];
+                    } else {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
+                        uint coord = (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * k_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * (d * D_split + d_tid);
+                        uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                        uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                        K_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, k_offset, BINDING_IDX_K);
+#else
+                        K_Tf = FLOAT_TYPEV4(data_kv4[k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * k_stride / 4 + d * D_split + d_tid]);
+#endif
+                    }
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                        Sf[r][c] += ACC_TYPE(dot(Qf[tile_row(r) * qf_stride + d * D_split + d_tid], K_Tf));
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -130,146 +279,225 @@ void main() {
         [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
             // Compute sum across the D_split
             [[unroll]] for (uint s = D_split / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
                     Sf[r][c] += subgroupShuffleXor(Sf[r][c], s);
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        if (p.logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
+        if (LOGIT_SOFTCAP) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
                 [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-                    Sf[r][c] = p.logit_softcap * tanh(Sf[r][c]);
+                    Sf[r][c] = ACC_TYPE(p.logit_softcap * tanh(Sf[r][c]));
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        if (p.mask != 0) {
-
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * Br; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) % Bc;
-                uint32_t r = (idx + tid) / Bc;
-                if (idx + tid < Bc * Br) {
-                    masksh[c][r] = float(data_m[(i * Br + r) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)]);
-                }
-            }
-            barrier();
-
+        if (MASK_ENABLE && mask_opt_bits != MASK_OPT_ALL_ZERO) {
             [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-                    float mvf = masksh[c * cols_per_iter + col_tid][r];
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                    FLOAT_TYPE mvf = masksh[(c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * masksh_stride + tile_row(r)];
 
                     Sf[r][c] += slope[r]*mvf;
                 }
             }
-            barrier();
         }
 
-        float rowmaxf[Br], Pf[Br][cols_per_thread], rowsumf[Br], eMf[Br], Moldf[Br];
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            rowmaxf[r] = Sf[r][0];
+        float eMf[rows_per_thread];
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            float rowmaxf = NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
             [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-                rowmaxf[r] = max(rowmaxf[r], Sf[r][c]);
+                if (KV_bounds_check && j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid >= KV) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                rowmaxf = max(rowmaxf, float(Sf[r][c]));
             }
-            Moldf[r] = Mf[r];
+            float Moldf = Mf[r];
 
             // M = max(rowmax, Mold)
             // P = e^(S - M)
             // eM = e^(Mold - M)
-            Mf[r] = max(rowmaxf[r], Moldf[r]);
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-                Pf[r][c] = exp(Sf[r][c] - Mf[r]);
-            }
-            eMf[r] = exp(Moldf[r] - Mf[r]);
+            Mf[r] = max(rowmaxf, Moldf);
+            eMf[r] = exp(Moldf - Mf[r]);
+            Lf[r] = eMf[r]*Lf[r];
+        }
 
-            // Compute sum across row of P
-            rowsumf[r] = 0.0;
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-                rowsumf[r] += Pf[r][c];
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                Of[r][d] = FLOAT_TYPE(eMf[r]) * Of[r][d];
             }
-
-            Lf[r] = eMf[r]*Lf[r] + rowsumf[r];
         }
 
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-                Of[r][d] = eMf[r] * Of[r][d];
+        if (SHMEM_STAGING != 0) {
+            barrier();
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * HSV / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (HSV / 4);
+                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (HSV / 4);
+                if (idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * HSV / 4 || c < Bc) {
+                    FLOAT_TYPEV4 V_Tf = FLOAT_TYPEV4(0);
+                    if (!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + c < KV) {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
+                        uint coord = (j * Bc + c) * v_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * d;
+                        uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                        uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                        V_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, v_offset, BINDING_IDX_V);
+#else
+                        V_Tf = FLOAT_TYPEV4(data_vv4[v_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c) * v_stride / 4 + d]);
+#endif
+                    }
+
+                    kvsh[c * kvsh_stride + d] = V_Tf;
+                }
             }
+            barrier();
         }
 
         [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+            if (KV_bounds_check && j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid >= KV) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            FLOAT_TYPE Pf[rows_per_thread];
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                Pf[r] = FLOAT_TYPE(exp(float(Sf[r][c]) - Mf[r]));
+                Lf[r] += Pf[r];
+            }
+
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                FLOAT_TYPEV4 Vf;
+                if (SHMEM_STAGING != 0) {
+                    Vf = kvsh[(c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * kvsh_stride + (d * D_split + d_tid)];
+                } else {
 #if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
-                uint coord = (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * v_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * (d * D_split + d_tid);
-                uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
-                uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
-                vec4 Vf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, v_offset, BINDING_IDX_V);
+                    uint coord = (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * v_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * (d * D_split + d_tid);
+                    uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                    uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                    Vf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, v_offset, BINDING_IDX_V);
 #else
-                vec4 Vf = vec4(data_vv4[v_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * v_stride / 4 + d * D_split + d_tid]);
+                    Vf = FLOAT_TYPEV4(data_vv4[v_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * v_stride / 4 + d * D_split + d_tid]);
 #endif
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-                    Of[r][d] += Pf[r][c] * Vf;
+                }
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                    Of[r][d] += FLOAT_TYPEV4(Pf[r] * Vf);
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        barrier();
     }
 
+    // prevent race on tmpsh
+    barrier();
+
     // reduce across threads
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-        float rowmaxf, eMf;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+        float rowmaxf = Mf[r];
 
-        tmpsh[tid] = Mf[r];
         // Compute max across the row
-        barrier();
-        [[unroll]] for (int s = int(gl_WorkGroupSize.x) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
-            if (tid < s) {
-                tmpsh[tid] = max(tmpsh[tid], tmpsh[tid + s]);
+        if (SubGroupSize > 0) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint s = D_split; s < SubGroupSize; s *= 2) {
+                rowmaxf = max(rowmaxf, subgroupShuffleXor(rowmaxf, s));
+            }
+            if (row_split == 1) {
+                // Reduce inside workgroup with shmem
+                barrier();
+                if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == d_tid) {
+                    tmpsh[gl_SubgroupID * D_split + d_tid] = rowmaxf;
+                }
+                barrier();
+                rowmaxf = tmpsh[d_tid];
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t s = 1; s < num_subgroups; ++s) {
+                    rowmaxf = max(rowmaxf, tmpsh[s * D_split + d_tid]);
+                }
             }
+        } else {
+            barrier();
+            tmpsh[tid] = rowmaxf;
             barrier();
+            [[unroll]] for (int s = int(threads_per_rowgroup) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
+                if (rowgroup_tid < s) {
+                    tmpsh[tid] = max(tmpsh[tid], tmpsh[tid ^ s]);
+                }
+                barrier();
+            }
+            rowmaxf = tmpsh[row_tid * threads_per_rowgroup + d_tid];
         }
-        rowmaxf = tmpsh[d_tid];
-        barrier();
 
         float Moldf = Mf[r];
 
         // M = max(rowmax, Mold)
         // eM = e^(Mold - M)
         Mf[r] = max(rowmaxf, Moldf);
-        eMf = exp(Moldf - Mf[r]);
+        float eMf = exp(Moldf - Mf[r]);
 
         Lf[r] = eMf*Lf[r];
 
-        tmpsh[tid] = Lf[r];
-
         // Compute sum across the row
-        barrier();
-        [[unroll]] for (int s = int(gl_WorkGroupSize.x) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
-            if (tid < s) {
-                tmpsh[tid] = tmpsh[tid] + tmpsh[tid + s];
+        if (SubGroupSize > 0) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint s = D_split; s < SubGroupSize; s *= 2) {
+                Lf[r] += subgroupShuffleXor(Lf[r], s);
             }
+            if (row_split == 1) {
+                barrier();
+                if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == d_tid) {
+                    tmpsh[gl_SubgroupID * D_split + d_tid] = Lf[r];
+                }
+                barrier();
+                Lf[r] = tmpsh[d_tid];
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t s = 1; s < num_subgroups; ++s) {
+                    Lf[r] += tmpsh[s * D_split + d_tid];
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
             barrier();
+            tmpsh[tid] = Lf[r];
+            barrier();
+            [[unroll]] for (int s = int(threads_per_rowgroup) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
+                if (rowgroup_tid < s) {
+                    tmpsh[tid] = tmpsh[tid] + tmpsh[tid ^ s];
+                }
+                barrier();
+            }
+            Lf[r] = tmpsh[row_tid * threads_per_rowgroup + d_tid];
         }
-        Lf[r] = tmpsh[d_tid];
-        barrier();
-
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-
-            Of[r][d] = eMf * Of[r][d];
-            tmpshv4[tid] = Of[r][d];
 
-            barrier();
-            [[unroll]] for (int s = int(gl_WorkGroupSize.x) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
-                if (tid < s) {
-                    Of[r][d] += tmpshv4[tid + s];
-                    tmpshv4[tid] = Of[r][d];
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+            Of[r][d] = FLOAT_TYPE(eMf) * Of[r][d];
+
+            if (SubGroupSize > 0) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint s = D_split; s < SubGroupSize; s *= 2) {
+                    if (!OLD_AMD_WINDOWS) {
+                        Of[r][d] += subgroupShuffleXor(Of[r][d], s);
+                    } else {
+                        // Something about f16vec4 subgroupShuffleXor is broken on AMD Windows RDNA2 and below.
+                        // Shuffle full vec4 as workaround.
+                        // See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/19881#issuecomment-3958643697
+                        Of[r][d] += FLOAT_TYPEV4(subgroupShuffleXor(vec4(Of[r][d]), s));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (row_split == 1) {
+                    barrier();
+                    if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == d_tid) {
+                        tmpshv4[gl_SubgroupID * D_split + d_tid] = Of[r][d];
+                    }
+                    barrier();
+                    Of[r][d] = tmpshv4[d_tid];
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t s = 1; s < num_subgroups; ++s) {
+                        Of[r][d] += tmpshv4[s * D_split + d_tid];
+                    }
                 }
+            } else {
+                barrier();
+                tmpshv4[tid] = Of[r][d];
                 barrier();
+                [[unroll]] for (int s = int(threads_per_rowgroup) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
+                    if (rowgroup_tid < s) {
+                        Of[r][d] += tmpshv4[tid ^ s];
+                        tmpshv4[tid] = Of[r][d];
+                    }
+                    barrier();
+                }
+                Of[r][d] = tmpshv4[row_tid * threads_per_rowgroup + d_tid];
             }
-            Of[r][d] = tmpshv4[d_tid];
-            barrier();
         }
     }
 
@@ -277,59 +505,102 @@ void main() {
     // If there is split_k, then the split_k resolve shader does the final
     // division by L. Store the intermediate O value and per-row m and L values.
     if (p.k_num > 1) {
-        uint32_t o_offset = D * p.ne1 * split_k_index;
+        if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
+            // note: O and Q have swapped coord 1,2.
+            uint32_t o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (gqa_iq1 + p.ne2 * iq3)) / 4;
+
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                const uint row = tile_row(r);
+                if (row < N) {
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                        gqaStore(row, d * D_split + d_tid, Of[r][d], o_offset, iq2, N);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
 
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            if (r < N) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t comp = 0; comp < 4; ++comp) {
-                        perElemOpGqaStore(r, 4*(d * D_split + d_tid) + comp, Of[r][d][comp], o_offset, iq2, N);
+            o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * p.k_num * p.ne2 * p.ne3 + p.ne1 * 2 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (gqa_iq1 + p.ne2 * iq3));
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                const uint row = tile_row(r);
+                if (row < N) {
+                    perElemOpStoreCol0(row, 0u, ACC_TYPE(Lf[r]), o_offset, iq2, N);
+                    perElemOpStoreCol0(row, 0u, ACC_TYPE(Mf[r]), o_offset + p.ne1, iq2, N);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                const uint row = tile_row(r);
+                const uint global_row = i * Br + row;
+
+                if (global_row < N) {
+                    uint32_t o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (global_row + p.ne2 * iq3)) / 4;
+
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                        data_ov4[o_offset + iq2 * HSV/4 + d * D_split + d_tid] = D_TYPEV4(Of[r][d]);
                     }
                 }
+
+                if (global_row < N && d_tid == 0 && col_tid == 0) {
+                    uint32_t lm_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * p.k_num * p.ne2 * p.ne3 + p.ne1 * 2 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (global_row + p.ne2 * iq3));
+                    data_o[lm_offset + iq2] = D_TYPE(Lf[r]);
+                    data_o[lm_offset + p.ne1 + iq2] = D_TYPE(Mf[r]);
+                }
             }
         }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ((p.mask_n_head_log2 & SINK_ENABLE_BIT) != 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            float sink = perElemOpGetSink(tile_row(r), 0u, ACC_TYPE(0), iq2);
+
+            float ms = 1.0f;
+            float vs = 1.0f;
 
-        o_offset = D * p.ne1 * p.k_num + p.ne1 * split_k_index * 2;
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            if (r < N) {
-                perElemOpStoreCol0(r, 0u, ACC_TYPE(Lf[r]), o_offset, iq2, N);
-                perElemOpStoreCol0(r, 0u, ACC_TYPE(Mf[r]), o_offset + p.ne1, iq2, N);
+            if (sink > Mf[r]) {
+                ms = exp(Mf[r] - sink);
+
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                    Of[r][d] *= FLOAT_TYPE(ms);
+                }
+            } else {
+                vs = exp(sink - Mf[r]);
             }
-        }
 
-        return;
+            Lf[r] = Lf[r]*ms + vs;
+        }
     }
 
-    float Lfrcp[Br];
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-        Lfrcp[r] = 1.0 / Lf[r];
+    float Lfrcp[rows_per_thread];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+        Lfrcp[r] = (Lf[r] == 0.0) ? 0.0 : (1.0 / Lf[r]);
     }
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            Of[r][d] *= Lfrcp[r];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            Of[r][d] *= FLOAT_TYPE(Lfrcp[r]);
+#if defined(FLOAT_TYPE_MAX)
+            Of[r][d] = clamp(Of[r][d], -FLOAT_TYPE_MAX, FLOAT_TYPE_MAX);
+#endif
         }
     }
 
-    uint32_t o_offset = iq3*p.ne2*p.ne1;
+    uint32_t o_offset = (gqa_iq1*p.ne1*HSV + iq3*p.ne2*p.ne1*HSV) / 4;
 
     if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            if (r < N) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t comp = 0; comp < 4; ++comp) {
-                        perElemOpGqaStore(r, 4*(d * D_split + d_tid) + comp, Of[r][d][comp], o_offset, iq2, N);
-                    }
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            const uint row = tile_row(r);
+            if (row < N) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                    gqaStore(row, d * D_split + d_tid, Of[r][d], o_offset, iq2, N);
                 }
             }
         }
     } else {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < Br; ++r) {
-            if (i * Br + r < N) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t comp = 0; comp < 4; ++comp) {
-                        data_o[o_offset + iq2 * D + (i * Br + r) * p.ne1 * D + 4*(d * D_split + d_tid) + comp] = D_TYPE(Of[r][d][comp]);
-                    }
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            const uint row = tile_row(r);
+            if (i * Br + row < N) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSV_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                    data_ov4[o_offset + (iq2 * HSV + (i * Br + row) * p.ne1 * HSV) / 4 + d * D_split + d_tid] = D_TYPEV4(Of[r][d]);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_base.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_base.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 61d90e2d8ed..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_base.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-
-layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
-
-layout (constant_id = 0) const uint32_t WorkGroupSize = 128;
-layout (constant_id = 1) const uint32_t Br = 1;
-layout (constant_id = 2) const uint32_t Bc = 32;
-layout (constant_id = 3) const uint32_t D = 32;
-layout (constant_id = 4) const uint32_t Clamp = 0;
-layout (constant_id = 5) const uint32_t D_split = 16;
-
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint32_t N;
-    uint32_t KV;
-
-    uint32_t ne1;
-    uint32_t ne2;
-    uint32_t ne3;
-
-    uint32_t neq2;
-    uint32_t neq3;
-    uint32_t nek2;
-    uint32_t nek3;
-    uint32_t nev2;
-    uint32_t nev3;
-    uint32_t nem1;
-
-    uint32_t nb01;
-    uint32_t nb02;
-    uint32_t nb03;
-    uint32_t nb11;
-    uint32_t nb12;
-    uint32_t nb13;
-    uint32_t nb21;
-    uint32_t nb22;
-    uint32_t nb23;
-    uint32_t nb31;
-
-    float scale;
-    float max_bias;
-    float logit_softcap;
-
-    uint32_t mask;
-    uint32_t n_head_log2;
-    float m0;
-    float m1;
-
-    uint32_t gqa_ratio;
-    uint32_t split_kv;
-    uint32_t k_num;
-} p;
-
-layout (binding = 4) writeonly buffer O {D_TYPE data_o[];};
-
-#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED16)
-#define BINDING_IDX_K 0
-#define BINDING_IDX_V 1
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer KV_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 data_packed16[];} kv_packed[2];
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
-#define BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE 18
-
-vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset, uint binding_idx) {
-    uint vui_lo = uint(kv_packed[binding_idx].data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[(iqs & 0xF) / 2 + 0]);
-    uint vui_hi = uint(kv_packed[binding_idx].data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[(iqs & 0xF) / 2 + 1]);
-    uint shift = (iqs & 0x10) >> 2;
-    vui_lo >>= shift;
-    vui_hi >>= shift;
-
-    return float(kv_packed[binding_idx].data_packed16[a_offset + ib].d) * (vec4(vui_lo & 0xF, (vui_lo >> 8) & 0xF, vui_hi & 0xF, (vui_hi >> 8) & 0xF) - 8.0f);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
-#define BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE 34
-vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset, uint binding_idx) {
-    const i8vec2 v0 = unpack8(int32_t(kv_packed[binding_idx].data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 2])).xy; // vec4 used due to #12147
-    const i8vec2 v1 = unpack8(int32_t(kv_packed[binding_idx].data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 2 + 1])).xy;
-
-    return float(kv_packed[binding_idx].data_packed16[a_offset + ib].d) * vec4(v0.x, v0.y, v1.x, v1.y);
-}
-#endif
-
-#define CEIL_DIV(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
-
-
-// Store column zero. This is used to save per-row m and L values for split_k.
-ACC_TYPE perElemOpStoreCol0(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in ACC_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t o_offset, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N)
-{
-    if (r < N && c == 0) {
-        uint32_t offset = iq2 + r;
-        data_o[o_offset + offset] = D_TYPE(elem);
-    }
-    return elem;
-}
-
-// Load the slope matrix, indexed by Q's dimension 2.
-ACC_TYPE perElemOpComputeSlope(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in ACC_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t iq2)
-{
-    const uint32_t h = iq2 + (r % p.gqa_ratio);
-
-    const ACC_TYPE base = ACC_TYPE(h < p.n_head_log2 ? p.m0 : p.m1);
-    const int      exph = int(h < p.n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - p.n_head_log2) + 1);
-
-    return ACC_TYPE(pow(base, ACC_TYPE(exph)));
-}
-
-uint32_t i, N, KV, split_k_index, Tr, start_j, end_j,
-         iq2, iq3, rk2, rk3, rv2, rv3, ik2, ik3, iv2, iv3,
-         q_stride, k_stride, v_stride, m_stride;
-
-void init_indices()
-{
-    N = p.N;
-    KV = p.KV;
-
-    i = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    split_k_index = 0;
-
-    if (p.k_num > 1) {
-        i = 0;
-        split_k_index = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    }
-
-    Tr = CEIL_DIV(N, Br);
-
-    start_j = split_k_index * p.split_kv / Bc;
-    end_j = CEIL_DIV(min(KV, (split_k_index + 1) * p.split_kv), Bc);
-
-    // When not using grouped query attention, all rows share the same iq2, equal to gl_WorkGroupID.y.
-    // When using grouped query attention, each workgroup does gqa_ratio consecutive values of iq2.
-    iq2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y * p.gqa_ratio;
-    iq3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
-
-    // broadcast factors
-    rk2 = p.neq2/p.nek2;
-    rk3 = p.neq3/p.nek3;
-
-    rv2 = p.neq2/p.nev2;
-    rv3 = p.neq3/p.nev3;
-
-    // k indices
-    ik3 = iq3 / rk3;
-    ik2 = iq2 / rk2;
-
-    // v indices
-    iv3 = iq3 / rv3;
-    iv2 = iq2 / rv2;
-
-    // nb?1 are already divided by the type size and are in units of elements.
-    // When using grouped query attention, Q is indexed by iq2, so the stride
-    // should be nb02 (which is in bytes).
-    q_stride = p.gqa_ratio > 1 ? (p.nb02 / 4) : p.nb01;
-    k_stride = p.nb11;
-    v_stride = p.nb21;
-    // When using grouped query attention, all rows use the same mask (stride 0).
-    // "p.gqa_ratio >> 16" is just a roundabout way of writing zero
-    // that prevents the compiler from folding the "&" through the select
-    // and breaking the alignment detection.
-    m_stride = (p.gqa_ratio > 1) ? (p.gqa_ratio >> 16) : KV;
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_base.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_base.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..172d38f034e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_base.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (constant_id =  0) const uint32_t WorkGroupSize = 128;
+layout (constant_id =  1) const uint32_t Br = 1;
+layout (constant_id =  2) const uint32_t Bc = 32;
+layout (constant_id =  3) const uint32_t HSK = 32;
+layout (constant_id =  4) const uint32_t HSV = 32;
+layout (constant_id =  5) const uint32_t Clamp = 0;
+layout (constant_id =  6) const uint32_t D_split = 16;
+layout (constant_id =  7) const uint32_t row_split = 1;
+layout (constant_id =  8) const uint32_t SubGroupSize = 32;
+layout (constant_id =  9) const uint32_t SHMEM_STAGING = 0;
+layout (constant_id = 10) const uint32_t Flags = 0;
+layout (constant_id = 11) const uint32_t LIMIT_OCCUPANCY_SHMEM = 0;
+
+const bool USE_MASK_OPT    = (Flags & 1) != 0;
+const bool MASK_ENABLE     = (Flags & 2) != 0;
+const bool LOGIT_SOFTCAP   = (Flags & 4) != 0;
+const bool OLD_AMD_WINDOWS = (Flags & 8) != 0;
+
+// Round up head sizes to a multiple of 16, for coopmat1/coopmat2 paths
+const uint32_t HSK_pad = (HSK + 15) & ~15;
+const uint32_t HSV_pad = (HSV + 15) & ~15;
+
+const bool KV_bounds_check = Clamp != 0;
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    uint32_t N;
+    uint32_t KV;
+
+    uint32_t ne1;
+    uint32_t ne2;
+    uint32_t ne3;
+
+    uint32_t neq2;
+    uint32_t neq3;
+    uint32_t nek2;
+    uint32_t nek3;
+    uint32_t nev2;
+    uint32_t nev3;
+    uint32_t nem1;
+    uint32_t nem2;
+    uint32_t nem3;
+
+    uint32_t nb01;
+    uint32_t nb02;
+    uint32_t nb03;
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13;
+    uint32_t nb21;
+    uint32_t nb22;
+    uint32_t nb23;
+
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+    float logit_softcap;
+
+    uint32_t mask_n_head_log2;
+    float m0;
+    float m1;
+
+    uint32_t gqa_ratio;
+    uint32_t split_kv;
+    uint32_t k_num;
+} p;
+
+#define SINK_ENABLE_BIT (1<<24)
+#define N_LOG2_MASK 0xFFFF
+
+layout (binding = 4) readonly buffer S {float data_s[];};
+
+layout (binding = 5) writeonly buffer O {D_TYPE data_o[];};
+layout (binding = 5) writeonly buffer OV4 {D_TYPEV4 data_ov4[];};
+
+layout (binding = 6) readonly buffer MO {uint32_t data_mask_opt[];};
+
+#define MASK_OPT_ALL_NEG_INF 1
+#define MASK_OPT_ALL_ZERO 2
+
+#define BINDING_IDX_K 0
+#define BINDING_IDX_V 1
+#if defined(DATA_A_F32)
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer K_PACKED {vec4 k_data_packed[];} k_packed;
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer V_PACKED {vec4 v_data_packed[];} v_packed;
+#elif defined(A_TYPE_PACKED16)
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer K_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 k_data_packed16[];} k_packed;
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer V_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 v_data_packed16[];} v_packed;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BLOCK_SIZE
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_F32)
+#undef BLOCK_SIZE
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 4
+#define BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE 16
+
+FLOAT_TYPEV4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset, uint binding_idx) {
+    // iqs is currently always zero in the flash attention shaders
+    if (binding_idx == BINDING_IDX_K) {
+        return FLOAT_TYPEV4(k_packed.k_data_packed[a_offset + ib]);
+    } else {
+        return FLOAT_TYPEV4(v_packed.v_data_packed[a_offset + ib]);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
+#define BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE 18
+
+FLOAT_TYPEV4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset, uint binding_idx) {
+    if (binding_idx == BINDING_IDX_K) {
+        uint vui_lo = uint(k_packed.k_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[(iqs & 0xF) / 2 + 0]);
+        uint vui_hi = uint(k_packed.k_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[(iqs & 0xF) / 2 + 1]);
+        uint shift = (iqs & 0x10) >> 2;
+        vui_lo >>= shift;
+        vui_hi >>= shift;
+
+        return FLOAT_TYPE(k_packed.k_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].d) * (FLOAT_TYPEV4(vui_lo & 0xF, (vui_lo >> 8) & 0xF, vui_hi & 0xF, (vui_hi >> 8) & 0xF) - FLOAT_TYPE(8.0f));
+    } else {
+        uint vui_lo = uint(v_packed.v_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[(iqs & 0xF) / 2 + 0]);
+        uint vui_hi = uint(v_packed.v_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[(iqs & 0xF) / 2 + 1]);
+        uint shift = (iqs & 0x10) >> 2;
+        vui_lo >>= shift;
+        vui_hi >>= shift;
+
+        return FLOAT_TYPE(v_packed.v_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].d) * (FLOAT_TYPEV4(vui_lo & 0xF, (vui_lo >> 8) & 0xF, vui_hi & 0xF, (vui_hi >> 8) & 0xF) - FLOAT_TYPE(8.0f));
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
+#define BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE 34
+FLOAT_TYPEV4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset, uint binding_idx) {
+    if (binding_idx == BINDING_IDX_K) {
+        const i8vec2 v0 = unpack8(int32_t(k_packed.k_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 2])).xy; // vec4 used due to #12147
+        const i8vec2 v1 = unpack8(int32_t(k_packed.k_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 2 + 1])).xy;
+
+        return FLOAT_TYPE(k_packed.k_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].d) * FLOAT_TYPEV4(v0.x, v0.y, v1.x, v1.y);
+    } else {
+        const i8vec2 v0 = unpack8(int32_t(v_packed.v_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 2])).xy; // vec4 used due to #12147
+        const i8vec2 v1 = unpack8(int32_t(v_packed.v_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 2 + 1])).xy;
+
+        return FLOAT_TYPE(v_packed.v_data_packed16[a_offset + ib].d) * FLOAT_TYPEV4(v0.x, v0.y, v1.x, v1.y);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#define CEIL_DIV(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+
+// Store column zero. This is used to save per-row m and L values for split_k.
+ACC_TYPE perElemOpStoreCol0(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in ACC_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t o_offset, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N)
+{
+    if (r < N && c == 0) {
+        uint32_t offset = iq2 + r;
+        data_o[o_offset + offset] = D_TYPE(elem);
+    }
+    return elem;
+}
+
+// Load the slope matrix, indexed by Q's dimension 2.
+ACC_TYPE perElemOpComputeSlope(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in ACC_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t iq2)
+{
+    const uint32_t h = iq2 + (r % p.gqa_ratio);
+
+    uint32_t n_head_log2 = p.mask_n_head_log2 & N_LOG2_MASK;
+
+    const ACC_TYPE base = ACC_TYPE(h < n_head_log2 ? p.m0 : p.m1);
+    const int      exph = int(h < n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - n_head_log2) + 1);
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(pow(base, ACC_TYPE(exph)));
+}
+
+// Load the sink value, indexed by Q's dimension 2.
+ACC_TYPE perElemOpGetSink(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in ACC_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t iq2)
+{
+    const uint32_t h = iq2 + (r % p.gqa_ratio);
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(data_s[h]);
+}
+
+uint32_t i, N, KV, split_k_index, Tr, start_j, end_j,
+         gqa_iq1, iq2, iq3, rk2, rk3, rv2, rv3, ik2, ik3, iv2, iv3,
+         q_stride, k_stride, v_stride, m_stride;
+
+void init_indices()
+{
+    N = p.N;
+    KV = p.KV;
+
+    if (p.k_num > 1) {
+        if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
+            i = 0;
+            // batch and split_k share gl_WorkGroupID.x
+            gqa_iq1 = gl_WorkGroupID.x / p.k_num;
+            split_k_index = gl_WorkGroupID.x % p.k_num;
+        } else {
+            gqa_iq1 = 0;
+            split_k_index = gl_WorkGroupID.x % p.k_num;
+            i = gl_WorkGroupID.x / p.k_num;
+        }
+    } else if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
+        i = 0;
+        gqa_iq1 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+        split_k_index = 0;
+    } else {
+        i = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+        gqa_iq1 = 0;
+        split_k_index = 0;
+    }
+
+    Tr = CEIL_DIV(N, Br);
+
+    start_j = split_k_index * p.split_kv / Bc;
+    end_j = CEIL_DIV(min(KV, (split_k_index + 1) * p.split_kv), Bc);
+
+    // When not using grouped query attention, all rows share the same iq2, equal to gl_WorkGroupID.y.
+    // When using grouped query attention, each workgroup does gqa_ratio consecutive values of iq2.
+    iq2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y * p.gqa_ratio;
+    iq3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
+
+    // broadcast factors
+    rk2 = p.neq2/p.nek2;
+    rk3 = p.neq3/p.nek3;
+
+    rv2 = p.neq2/p.nev2;
+    rv3 = p.neq3/p.nev3;
+
+    // k indices
+    ik3 = iq3 / rk3;
+    ik2 = iq2 / rk2;
+
+    // v indices
+    iv3 = iq3 / rv3;
+    iv2 = iq2 / rv2;
+
+    // nb?1 are already divided by the type size and are in units of elements.
+    // When using grouped query attention, Q is indexed by iq2, so the stride
+    // should be nb02 (which is in bytes).
+    q_stride = p.gqa_ratio > 1 ? (p.nb02 / 4) : p.nb01;
+    k_stride = p.nb11;
+    v_stride = p.nb21;
+    // When using grouped query attention, all rows use the same mask (stride 0).
+    // "p.gqa_ratio >> 16" is just a roundabout way of writing zero
+    // that prevents the compiler from folding the "&" through the select
+    // and breaking the alignment detection.
+    m_stride = (p.gqa_ratio > 1) ? (p.gqa_ratio >> 16) : KV;
+}
+
+// Bias applied to softmax to stay in fp16 range.
+// Based on ggml-cuda issue https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/18606
+const float FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET = 3.0f*0.6931f;
+
+// Store the output when doing grouped query attention.
+// Rows index by Q's dimension 2, and the first N rows are valid.
+void gqaStore(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in FLOAT_TYPEV4 elems, const in uint32_t o_offset, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N)
+{
+    uint32_t offset = (iq2 + r) * HSV / 4 + c;
+    data_ov4[o_offset + offset] = D_TYPEV4(elems);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm1.comp
index da478be24fb..526e8da384e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm1.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm1.comp
@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
 #extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_vote : enable
 #extension GL_KHR_memory_scope_semantics : enable
 #extension GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix : enable
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "flash_attn_base.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "flash_attn_base.glsl"
+
+// These need to be supported N,M values for a MatBc x MatBr x 16 coopmatmuladd
+const uint32_t MatBr = 16;
+const uint32_t MatBc = 16;
 
-const uint32_t D_per_thread = D / D_split;
-const uint32_t row_split = 4;
 const uint32_t rows_per_thread = Br / row_split;
-const uint32_t cols_per_iter = gl_WorkGroupSize.x / D_split / row_split;
+const uint32_t cols_per_iter = gl_WorkGroupSize.x / row_split;
 const uint32_t cols_per_thread = Bc / cols_per_iter;
 
 
@@ -28,33 +32,28 @@ layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer V {float16_t data_v[];};
 layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer VV4 {f16vec4 data_vv4[];};
 layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer M {float16_t data_m[];};
 
-// Store the output when doing grouped query attention.
-// Rows index by Q's dimension 2, and the first N rows are valid.
-D_TYPE perElemOpGqaStore(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in D_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t o_offset, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N)
-{
-    uint32_t offset = (iq2 + r) * D + c;
-    data_o[o_offset + offset] = D_TYPE(elem);
-    return elem;
-}
+shared float tmpsh[row_split];
 
-// These need to be supported N,M values for a MatBc x MatBr x 16 coopmatmuladd
-const uint32_t MatBr = 16;
-const uint32_t MatBc = 16;
+const uint32_t qstride = HSK_pad / 4 + 2; // in units of f16vec4
+shared f16vec4 Qf[Br * qstride];
 
-shared FLOAT_TYPE tmpsh[gl_WorkGroupSize.x];
-shared ACC_TYPEV4 tmpshv4[gl_WorkGroupSize.x];
+const uint psh_stride = Br / 4 + 2;
+shared f16vec4 Psh[Bc * psh_stride];
 
-const uint32_t qstride = D / 4 + 2; // in units of f16vec4
-shared f16vec4 Qf[Br * qstride];
+// Avoid padding for hsk==256 to make it fit in 48KB shmem.
+const uint32_t sfshstride = (HSK <= 128) ? (Br / 4 + 2) : Br / 4;
+shared ACC_TYPEV4 sfsh[Bc * sfshstride];
 
-// Avoid padding for D==256 to make it fit in 48KB shmem.
-const uint32_t sfshstride = (D <= 128) ? (Br + 8) : Br;
-shared ACC_TYPE sfsh[Bc * sfshstride];
+const uint32_t D_pad = HSK_pad > HSV_pad ? HSK_pad : HSV_pad;
+const uint32_t kvsh_stride = (SHMEM_STAGING != 0 ? D_pad : MatBr) / 4 + 2; // in units of f16vec4
+const uint v_cols = MatBc / 4 * row_split; // total cols, 4 vec4s per MatBc * number of subgroups
+const uint vsh_stride = v_cols;
+shared f16vec4 kvsh[(kvsh_stride >= vsh_stride) ? (Bc * kvsh_stride) : (Bc * vsh_stride)];
 
-const uint32_t kshstride = D / 4 + 2; // in units of f16vec4
-shared f16vec4 ksh[Bc * kshstride];
+const uint32_t osh_stride = row_split * MatBr / 4;
+shared f16vec4 pvsh[MatBc * osh_stride];
 
-shared float slope[Br];
+shared ACC_TYPE slope[Br];
 
 void main() {
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
@@ -66,28 +65,38 @@ void main() {
     const uint32_t tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
 
     const uint32_t threads_per_rowgroup = gl_WorkGroupSize.x / row_split;
+    const uint32_t d_per_thread = (HSV/4 + threads_per_rowgroup - 1) / threads_per_rowgroup;
     const uint32_t row_tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex / threads_per_rowgroup;
-    const uint32_t d_tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex % D_split;
-    const uint32_t col_tid = (gl_LocalInvocationIndex % threads_per_rowgroup) / D_split;
+    const uint32_t col_tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex % threads_per_rowgroup;
 
 #define tile_row(r) (row_tid * rows_per_thread + (r))
 
-    uint32_t q_offset = (iq2*p.nb02+iq3*p.nb03) / 4;
+    // Zero-initialize shared memory for Q/K when HSK is not a multiple of 16 (HSK_pad > HSK).
+    if ((HSK % 16) != 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < Br * qstride; i += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+            if (i + tid < Br * qstride) {
+                Qf[i + tid] = f16vec4(0);
+            }
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    uint32_t q_offset = gqa_iq1*p.nb01 + (iq2*p.nb02+iq3*p.nb03) / 4;
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Br * D / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-        uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (D / 4);
-        uint32_t r = (idx + tid) / (D / 4);
-        if (r < Br && d < D / 4 &&
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Br * HSK / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+        uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (HSK / 4);
+        uint32_t r = (idx + tid) / (HSK / 4);
+        if (r < Br && d < HSK / 4 &&
             i * Br + r < N) {
             Qf[r * qstride + d] = f16vec4(data_qv4[q_offset / 4 + (i * Br + r) * q_stride / 4 + d] * p.scale);
         }
     }
     barrier();
 
-    ACC_TYPEV4 Of[rows_per_thread][D_per_thread / 4];
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-            Of[r][d] = ACC_TYPEV4(0.0);
+    f16vec4 Of[rows_per_thread][d_per_thread];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < d_per_thread; ++d) {
+            Of[r][d] = f16vec4(0.0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -107,15 +116,17 @@ void main() {
             uint r = tid;
             slope[r] = perElemOpComputeSlope(r, col_tid, ACC_TYPE(0), iq2);
         }
-        barrier();
     } else {
         if (tid < Br) {
             uint r = tid;
-            slope[r] = 1.0;
+            slope[r] = ACC_TYPE(1.0);
         }
-        barrier();
     }
 
+    const uint32_t mo_stride = CEIL_DIV(KV, 16 * Bc);
+    // mo_offset will point to the tile starting at row i*Br and col 0
+    uint32_t mo_offset = mo_stride * i;
+
 #if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
     uint32_t k_offset = (ik2*p.nb12 + ik3*p.nb13) / BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE;
     uint32_t v_offset = (iv2*p.nb22 + iv3*p.nb23) / BLOCK_BYTE_SIZE;
@@ -123,40 +134,175 @@ void main() {
     uint32_t k_offset = (ik2*p.nb12 + ik3*p.nb13) / 2;
     uint32_t v_offset = (iv2*p.nb22 + iv3*p.nb23) / 2;
 #endif
+    uint32_t m_offset = gqa_iq1*KV;
+    if (p.nem2 != 1 || p.nem3 != 1) {
+        m_offset += ((iq3 % p.nem3) * p.nem2 + (iq2 % p.nem2)) * p.nem1 * KV;
+        mo_offset += ((iq3 % p.nem3) * p.nem2 + (iq2 % p.nem2)) * CEIL_DIV(p.nem1, Br) * mo_stride;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mask_opt = 0;
+    uint32_t mask_opt_idx = ~0;
+    uint32_t mask_opt_bits = 0;
+    f16vec4 mask_cache[Bc * Br / 4 / WorkGroupSize];
 
     [[dont_unroll]]
     for (uint32_t j = start_j; j < end_j; ++j) {
 
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * D / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-            uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (D / 4);
-            uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (D / 4);
-            if (c < Bc && d < D / 4) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < mask_cache.length(); ++idx) {
+            mask_cache[idx] = f16vec4(0);
+        }
+
+        if (MASK_ENABLE) {
+            if (USE_MASK_OPT && mask_opt_idx != j / 16) {
+                mask_opt_idx = j / 16;
+                mask_opt = data_mask_opt[mo_offset + mask_opt_idx];
+            }
+            mask_opt_bits = (mask_opt >> ((j % 16) * 2)) & 0x3;
+            if (mask_opt_bits == MASK_OPT_ALL_NEG_INF) {
+                // skip this block
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Only load if the block is not all zeros
+            if (mask_opt_bits != MASK_OPT_ALL_ZERO) {
+                bool nem1_bounds_check = !(p.gqa_ratio > 1) && (p.nem1 % Br) != 0;
+
+                float max_mask = NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * Br / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                    uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (Br / 4);
+                    uint32_t r = (idx + tid) % (Br / 4);
+                    if (idx + tid < Bc * Br / 4 || idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * Br / 4) {
+                        if ((!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + c < KV)) {
+                            f16vec4 m;
+                            if (!nem1_bounds_check || i * Br + r * 4 + 3 < p.nem1) {
+                                m = f16vec4(data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4    ) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4 + 1) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4 + 2) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4 + 3) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)]);
+                                max_mask = max(max(max(max(max_mask, float(m[0])), float(m[1])), float(m[2])), float(m[3]));
+                            } else if (i * Br + r * 4 + 2 < p.nem1) {
+                                m = f16vec4(data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4    ) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4 + 1) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4 + 2) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            0.0);
+                                max_mask = max(max(max(max_mask, float(m[0])), float(m[1])), float(m[2]));
+                            } else if (i * Br + r * 4 + 1 < p.nem1) {
+                                m = f16vec4(data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4    ) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4 + 1) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            0.0,
+                                            0.0);
+                                max_mask = max(max(max_mask, float(m[0])), float(m[1]));
+                            } else if (i * Br + r * 4 < p.nem1) {
+                                m = f16vec4(data_m[m_offset + (i * Br + r * 4    ) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)],
+                                            0.0,
+                                            0.0,
+                                            0.0);
+                                max_mask = max(max_mask, float(m[0]));
+                            } else {
+                                m = f16vec4(0.0);
+                            }
+                            mask_cache[idx / WorkGroupSize] = m;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // skip the block if the mask is entirely -inf
+                bool all_less = subgroupAll(max_mask <= NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2);
+                barrier();
+                if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+                    tmpsh[gl_SubgroupID] = all_less ? NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2 : 0.0f;
+                }
+                barrier();
+                [[unroll]] for (uint s = 0; s < gl_NumSubgroups; ++s) {
+                    max_mask = max(max_mask, tmpsh[s]);
+                }
+                if (max_mask <= NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (SHMEM_STAGING != 0) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * HSK_pad / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (HSK_pad / 4);
+                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (HSK_pad / 4);
+                if (idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * HSK_pad / 4 || c < Bc) {
+                    f16vec4 K_Tf = f16vec4(0);
+                    if ((!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + c < KV) && (HSK == HSK_pad || d < HSK / 4)) {
 #if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
-                uint coord = (j * Bc + c) * k_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * d;
-                uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
-                uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
-                f16vec4 K_Tf = f16vec4(dequantize4(ib, iqs, k_offset, BINDING_IDX_K));
+                        uint coord = (j * Bc + c) * k_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * d;
+                        uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                        uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                        K_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, k_offset, BINDING_IDX_K);
 #else
-                f16vec4 K_Tf = f16vec4(data_kv4[k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c) * k_stride / 4 + d]);
+                        K_Tf = f16vec4(data_kv4[k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c) * k_stride / 4 + d]);
 #endif
+                    }
 
-                ksh[c * kshstride + d] = K_Tf;
+                    kvsh[c * kvsh_stride + d] = K_Tf;
+                }
             }
+            barrier();
         }
-        barrier();
 
-        // K * Q^T -> S^T: Bc x D * D x Br -> Bc x Br
-        // Bc split across workgroup (four subgroups), loop over D in chunks of 16: 16 x 16 * 16 x 16 -> 16 x 16
+        // K * Q^T -> S^T: Bc x HSK_pad * HSK_pad x Br -> Bc x Br
+        // Bc split across workgroup (four subgroups), loop over HSK in chunks of 16: 16 x 16 * 16 x 16 -> 16 x 16
         // This is written transposed in order to allow for N being 8 if implementations need it
         coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, MatBc, MatBr, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> SfMat = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, MatBc, MatBr, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
         coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, MatBc, 16, gl_MatrixUseA> KMat;
         coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, 16, MatBr, gl_MatrixUseB> QMat;
 
-        for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D / 16; ++d) {
-            coopMatLoad(QMat, Qf, d * 16 / 4, qstride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < HSK_pad / 16; ++d) {
+            // If SHMEM_STAGING is set, a Bc * HSK_pad size tile of K is loaded to shmem
+            // If not, f16 K is loaded directly from global memory if aligned, otherwise
+            // staged through a Bc * MatBr size staging buffer.
+            // If K is not type f16, then it is always staged for dequantization.
+            if (SHMEM_STAGING == 0) {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
+            if (KV_bounds_check || d * 16 + 16 > HSK) {
+#endif
+            barrier();
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * MatBr / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                uint32_t col_vec = (idx + tid) % (MatBr / 4);
+                uint32_t row = (idx + tid) / (MatBr / 4);
+                if (idx + tid < Bc * MatBr / 4) {
+                    f16vec4 K_Tf = f16vec4(0);
+                    if ((!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + row < KV) && (HSK == HSK_pad || d * 16 + col_vec * 4 < HSK)) {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
+                        uint coord = (j * Bc + row) * k_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + d * 16 + col_vec * 4;
+                        uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                        uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                        K_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, k_offset, BINDING_IDX_K);
+#else
+                        K_Tf = f16vec4(data_kv4[k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + row) * k_stride / 4 + d * 16 / 4 + col_vec]);
+#endif
+                    }
+
+                    kvsh[row * kvsh_stride + col_vec] = K_Tf;
+                }
+            }
+            barrier();
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
+            }
+#endif
+
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
+            if (KV_bounds_check || d * 16 + 16 > HSK)
+#endif
+            {
+                uint coord = (gl_SubgroupID * MatBc) * kvsh_stride;
+                coopMatLoad(KMat, kvsh, coord, kvsh_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+            }
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
+            else {
+                const uint coord = k_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + gl_SubgroupID * MatBc) * k_stride / 4 + d * 16 / 4;
+                coopMatLoad(KMat, data_kv4, coord, k_stride / 4, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+            }
+#endif
+            } else {
+                uint coord = (gl_SubgroupID * MatBc) * kvsh_stride + d * 16 / 4;
+                coopMatLoad(KMat, kvsh, coord, kvsh_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+            }
 
-            uint coord = (gl_SubgroupID * MatBc) * kshstride + d * 16 / 4;
-            coopMatLoad(KMat, ksh, coord, kshstride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+            coopMatLoad(QMat, Qf, d * 16 / 4, qstride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
 
             SfMat = coopMatMulAdd(KMat, QMat, SfMat);
         }
@@ -165,23 +311,28 @@ void main() {
         coopMatStore(SfMat, sfsh, coord, sfshstride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
         barrier();
 
-        if (p.logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * Br; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / Br;
-                uint32_t r = (idx + tid) % Br;
-                if (idx + tid < Bc * Br || idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * Br) {
-                    sfsh[c * sfshstride + r] = ACC_TYPE(p.logit_softcap * tanh(sfsh[c * sfshstride + r]));
+        if (LOGIT_SOFTCAP) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * Br / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (Br / 4);
+                uint32_t r = (idx + tid) % (Br / 4);
+                if (idx + tid < Bc * Br / 4 || idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * Br / 4) {
+                    sfsh[c * sfshstride + r] = ACC_TYPEV4(p.logit_softcap * tanh(sfsh[c * sfshstride + r]));
                 }
             }
             barrier();
         }
 
-        if (p.mask != 0) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * Br; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
-                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) % Bc;
-                uint32_t r = (idx + tid) / Bc;
-                if (idx + tid < Bc * Br || idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * Br) {
-                    sfsh[c * sfshstride + r] += ACC_TYPE(slope[r] * float(data_m[(i * Br + r) * m_stride + (j * Bc + c)]));
+        if (MASK_ENABLE && mask_opt_bits != MASK_OPT_ALL_ZERO) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * Br / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (Br / 4);
+                uint32_t r = (idx + tid) % (Br / 4);
+                if (idx + tid < Bc * Br / 4 || idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * Br / 4) {
+                    if (!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + c < KV) {
+                        // Mask nem1 bounds check is handled when loading masks
+                        ACC_TYPEV4 masks = ACC_TYPEV4(mask_cache[idx / WorkGroupSize]);
+                        ACC_TYPEV4 slopes = ACC_TYPEV4(slope[r * 4], slope[r * 4 + 1], slope[r * 4 + 2], slope[r * 4 + 3]);
+                        sfsh[c * sfshstride + r] += slopes * masks;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             barrier();
@@ -189,170 +340,301 @@ void main() {
 
         float eMf[rows_per_thread];
         [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-            float rowmaxf = sfsh[tile_row(r) + (0 * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * sfshstride];
+            const uint r_vec  = tile_row(r) / 4;
+            const uint r_comp = tile_row(r) % 4;
+
+            float rowmaxf = NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
             [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-                rowmaxf = max(rowmaxf, float(sfsh[tile_row(r) + (c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * sfshstride]));
+                if (KV_bounds_check && j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid >= KV) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                rowmaxf = max(rowmaxf, float(sfsh[r_vec + (c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * sfshstride][r_comp]));
             }
             float Moldf = Mf[r];
 
+            // Compute max across the row
+            rowmaxf = subgroupMax(rowmaxf);
+
             // M = max(rowmax, Mold)
             // P = e^(S - M)
             // eM = e^(Mold - M)
             Mf[r] = max(rowmaxf, Moldf);
             eMf[r] = exp(Moldf - Mf[r]);
+
+            Lf[r] = eMf[r]*Lf[r];
         }
 
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d0 = 0; d0 < HSV / 4; d0 += threads_per_rowgroup) {
+            const uint d_local = d0 / threads_per_rowgroup;
             [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-                Of[r][d] = float16_t(eMf[r]) * Of[r][d];
+                Of[r][d_local] = float16_t(eMf[r]) * Of[r][d_local];
             }
         }
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-            Lf[r] = eMf[r]*Lf[r];
-        }
 
+        // Calculate and store Pf in Psh
         [[unroll]] for (uint32_t c = 0; c < cols_per_thread; ++c) {
-            float Pf[rows_per_thread];
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-                Pf[r] = exp(sfsh[tile_row(r) + (c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * sfshstride] - Mf[r]);
-                Lf[r] += Pf[r];
+            const uint col = c * cols_per_iter + col_tid;
+
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; r += 4) {
+                const uint row = tile_row(r);
+                if (KV_bounds_check && j * Bc + col >= KV) {
+                    Psh[col * psh_stride + row / 4] = f16vec4(0.0f);
+                } else {
+                    const vec4 mfvec = vec4(Mf[r], Mf[r + 1], Mf[r + 2], Mf[r + 3]);
+                    const f16vec4 Pf = f16vec4(exp(vec4(sfsh[row / 4 + col * sfshstride]) - mfvec));
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t vec_idx = 0; vec_idx < 4; ++vec_idx) {
+                        Lf[r + vec_idx] += Pf[vec_idx];
+                    }
+                    Psh[col * psh_stride + row / 4] = Pf;
+                }
             }
-            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+        }
+
+        if (SHMEM_STAGING != 0) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < Bc * HSV_pad / 4; idx += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+                uint32_t d = (idx + tid) % (HSV_pad / 4);
+                uint32_t c = (idx + tid) / (HSV_pad / 4);
+                if (idx + gl_WorkGroupSize.x <= Bc * HSV_pad / 4 || c < Bc) {
+                    f16vec4 V_Tf = f16vec4(0);
+                    if ((!KV_bounds_check || j * Bc + c < KV) && (HSV == HSV_pad || d < HSV / 4)) {
 #if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
-                uint coord = (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * v_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * (d * D_split + d_tid);
-                uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
-                uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
-                vec4 Vf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, v_offset, BINDING_IDX_V);
+                        uint coord = (j * Bc + c) * v_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + 4 * d;
+                        uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                        uint iqs = (coord % BLOCK_SIZE);
+                        V_Tf = dequantize4(ib, iqs, v_offset, BINDING_IDX_V);
 #else
-                vec4 Vf = vec4(data_vv4[v_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c * cols_per_iter + col_tid) * v_stride / 4 + d * D_split + d_tid]);
+                        V_Tf = f16vec4(data_vv4[v_offset / 4 + (j * Bc + c) * v_stride / 4 + d]);
 #endif
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-                    Of[r][d] += float16_t(Pf[r]) * ACC_TYPEV4(Vf);
+                    }
+
+                    kvsh[c * kvsh_stride + d] = V_Tf;
                 }
             }
         }
-
         barrier();
-    }
 
-    // reduce across threads
+        const uint num_hsv_tiles = (HSV + MatBc * row_split - 1) / (MatBc * row_split); // round up
 
-    float rowmaxf[rows_per_thread], eMf[rows_per_thread], Moldf[rows_per_thread];
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-        FLOAT_TYPE M = Mf[r];
-        tmpsh[tid] = M;
-        // Compute max across the row
-        barrier();
-        [[unroll]] for (int s = int(gl_WorkGroupSize.x / row_split) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
-            M = max(M, tmpsh[tid ^ s]);
-            barrier();
-            tmpsh[tid] = M;
-            barrier();
-        }
-        rowmaxf[r] = tmpsh[d_tid + row_tid * threads_per_rowgroup];
-        barrier();
-    }
+        // Each subgroup handles HSV/4 columns
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t hsv_tile = 0; hsv_tile < num_hsv_tiles; ++hsv_tile) {
+            const uint hsv_offset = (hsv_tile * row_split + gl_SubgroupID) * 16;
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-        Moldf[r] = Mf[r];
+            coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, MatBc, MatBr, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> PVMat = coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, MatBc, MatBr, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
 
-        // M = max(rowmax, Mold)
-        // eM = e^(Mold - M)
-        Mf[r] = max(rowmaxf[r], Moldf[r]);
-        eMf[r] = exp(Moldf[r] - Mf[r]);
+            // Preload V tiles for [Bc, 16 * num subgroups]
+            const uint v_rows = Bc;
+            const uint v_total = v_rows * v_cols;
+            const uint v_loads_per_thread = v_total / gl_WorkGroupSize.x;
 
-        Lf[r] = eMf[r]*Lf[r];
-    }
+            // If SHMEM_STAGING is set, a Bc * HSV_pad size tile of V is loaded to shmem.
+            // If not, f16 V is loaded directly from global memory if aligned, otherwise
+            // staged through a Bc * MatBr size staging buffer.
+            // If V is not type f16, then it is always staged for dequantization.
+            if (SHMEM_STAGING == 0) {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
+            // For f16, only preload if not aligned
+            if (KV_bounds_check) {
+#endif
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t i = 0; i < v_loads_per_thread; ++i) {
+                const uint idx = i * gl_WorkGroupSize.x + tid;
+                const uint row = idx / v_cols;
+                const uint col = idx % v_cols;
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-        FLOAT_TYPE L = Lf[r];
-        tmpsh[tid] = L;
-        // Compute sum across the row
-        barrier();
-        [[unroll]] for (int s = int(gl_WorkGroupSize.x / row_split) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
-            L += tmpsh[tid ^ s];
-            barrier();
-            tmpsh[tid] = L;
-            barrier();
-        }
-        Lf[r] = tmpsh[d_tid + row_tid * threads_per_rowgroup];
-        barrier();
-    }
+                const uint v_row = j * Bc + row;
+                const uint v_col = hsv_tile * MatBc * row_split + col * 4;
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+                const uint coord = v_row * v_stride * BLOCK_SIZE + v_col;
+                const uint ib = coord / BLOCK_SIZE;
+                const uint iqs = coord % BLOCK_SIZE;
 
-            Of[r][d] = float16_t(eMf[r]) * Of[r][d];
-            tmpshv4[tid] = Of[r][d];
+                if (!KV_bounds_check || (v_row < KV && v_col < HSV)) {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
+                    kvsh[row * vsh_stride + col] = dequantize4(ib, iqs, v_offset, BINDING_IDX_V);
+#else
+                    kvsh[row * vsh_stride + col] = data_vv4[(v_offset + v_row * v_stride + v_col) / 4];
+#endif
+                } else {
+                    kvsh[row * vsh_stride + col] = f16vec4(0.0f);
+                }
+            }
 
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
+            }
+#endif
+            }
             barrier();
-            [[unroll]] for (int s = int(gl_WorkGroupSize.x / row_split) / 2; s >= D_split; s >>= 1) {
-                Of[r][d] += tmpshv4[tid ^ s];
-                barrier();
-                tmpshv4[tid] = Of[r][d];
-                barrier();
+
+            const uint o_offset = gl_SubgroupID * MatBr / 4;
+
+            if (hsv_offset < HSV_pad) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t bc_chunk = 0; bc_chunk < Bc / MatBc; ++bc_chunk) {
+                    coopMatLoad(KMat, Psh, bc_chunk * MatBc * psh_stride, psh_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
+
+                    if (SHMEM_STAGING == 0) {
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
+                    if (!KV_bounds_check) {
+                        // F16 values can be loaded directly from global memory
+                        const uint v_tile_row = j * Bc + bc_chunk * MatBc;
+                        const uint v_tile_offset = v_offset / 4 + v_tile_row * v_stride / 4 + hsv_offset / 4;
+                        coopMatLoad(QMat, data_vv4, v_tile_offset, v_stride / 4, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+                    } else
+#endif
+                    {
+                        const uint v_tile_offset = bc_chunk * MatBr * v_cols + gl_SubgroupID * (MatBc / 4);
+                        coopMatLoad(QMat, kvsh, v_tile_offset, vsh_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+                    }
+                    } else {
+                        const uint v_tile_offset = bc_chunk * MatBc * kvsh_stride + (hsv_tile * row_split + gl_SubgroupID) * (MatBc / 4);
+                        coopMatLoad(QMat, kvsh, v_tile_offset, kvsh_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+                    }
+
+                    PVMat = coopMatMulAdd(KMat, QMat, PVMat);
+                }
+
+                // Store PVMat to pvsh and load into Of
+                coopMatStore(PVMat, pvsh, o_offset, osh_stride, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
             }
-            Of[r][d] = tmpshv4[d_tid + row_tid * threads_per_rowgroup];
+
             barrier();
+
+            const uint hsv_per_tile = row_split * MatBc;
+            const uint hsv_base = hsv_tile * hsv_per_tile;
+            const uint d_values_per_tile = hsv_per_tile / 4;
+
+            const uint d_start = hsv_tile * d_values_per_tile;
+            const uint d_end = min(d_start + d_values_per_tile, HSV / 4);
+
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                const uint row = tile_row(r);
+
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d_local = 0; d_local < d_per_thread; ++d_local) {
+                    const uint d = d_local * threads_per_rowgroup + col_tid;
+                    const uint hsv_col = 4 * d;
+
+                    if (hsv_col >= hsv_base && hsv_col < hsv_base + hsv_per_tile && hsv_col < HSV) {
+                        const uint local_hsv = (hsv_col - hsv_base) / 4;
+                        Of[r][d_local] += pvsh[row * osh_stride + local_hsv];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
+
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+        Lf[r] = subgroupAdd(Lf[r]);
     }
 
     // If there is split_k, then the split_k resolve shader does the final
     // division by L. Store the intermediate O value and per-row m and L values.
     if (p.k_num > 1) {
-        uint32_t o_offset = D * p.ne1 * split_k_index;
+        if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
+            // note: O and Q have swapped coord 1,2.
+            uint32_t o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (gqa_iq1 + p.ne2 * iq3)) / 4;
 
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-            if (tile_row(r) < N) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t comp = 0; comp < 4; ++comp) {
-                        perElemOpGqaStore(tile_row(r), 4*(d * D_split + d_tid) + comp, float(Of[r][d][comp]), o_offset, iq2, N);
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                if (tile_row(r) < N) {
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d0 = 0; d0 < HSV / 4; d0 += threads_per_rowgroup) {
+                        const uint d = d0 + col_tid;
+                        if (d >= HSV/4) break;
+                        const uint d_local = d0 / threads_per_rowgroup;
+                        gqaStore(tile_row(r), d, Of[r][d_local], o_offset, iq2, N);
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }
 
-        o_offset = D * p.ne1 * p.k_num + p.ne1 * split_k_index * 2;
-        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-            if (tile_row(r) < N) {
-                perElemOpStoreCol0(tile_row(r), 0u, ACC_TYPE(Lf[r]), o_offset, iq2, N);
-                perElemOpStoreCol0(tile_row(r), 0u, ACC_TYPE(Mf[r]), o_offset + p.ne1, iq2, N);
+            o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * p.k_num * p.ne2 * p.ne3 + p.ne1 * 2 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (gqa_iq1 + p.ne2 * iq3));
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                if (tile_row(r) < N) {
+                    perElemOpStoreCol0(tile_row(r), 0u, ACC_TYPE(Lf[r]), o_offset, iq2, N);
+                    perElemOpStoreCol0(tile_row(r), 0u, ACC_TYPE(Mf[r]), o_offset + p.ne1, iq2, N);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+                const uint row = tile_row(r);
+                const uint global_row = i * Br + row;
+
+                if (global_row < N) {
+                    uint32_t o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (global_row + p.ne2 * iq3)) / 4;
+
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d0 = 0; d0 < HSV / 4; d0 += threads_per_rowgroup) {
+                        const uint d = d0 + col_tid;
+                        if (d >= HSV/4) break;
+                        data_ov4[o_offset + iq2 * HSV/4 + d] = D_TYPEV4(Of[r][d/threads_per_rowgroup]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (global_row < N && col_tid == 0) {
+                    uint32_t lm_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * p.k_num * p.ne2 * p.ne3 + p.ne1 * 2 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (global_row + p.ne2 * iq3));
+                    data_o[lm_offset + iq2] = D_TYPE(Lf[r]);
+                    data_o[lm_offset + p.ne1 + iq2] = D_TYPE(Mf[r]);
+                }
             }
         }
 
         return;
     }
 
+    if ((p.mask_n_head_log2 & SINK_ENABLE_BIT) != 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
+            float sink = perElemOpGetSink(tile_row(r), 0u, ACC_TYPE(0), iq2);
+
+            float ms = 1.0f;
+            float vs = 1.0f;
+
+            if (sink > Mf[r]) {
+                ms = exp(Mf[r] - sink);
+
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d0 = 0; d0 < HSV / 4; d0 += threads_per_rowgroup) {
+                    const uint d_local = d0 / threads_per_rowgroup;
+                    Of[r][d_local] *= float16_t(ms);
+                }
+            } else {
+                vs = exp(sink - Mf[r]);
+            }
+
+            Lf[r] = Lf[r]*ms + vs;
+        }
+    }
+
     float Lfrcp[rows_per_thread];
     [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-        Lfrcp[r] = 1.0 / Lf[r];
+        Lfrcp[r] = (Lf[r] == 0.0) ? 0.0 : (1.0 / Lf[r]);
     }
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
+    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d0 = 0; d0 < HSV / 4; d0 += threads_per_rowgroup) {
+        const uint d_local = d0 / threads_per_rowgroup;
         [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
-            Of[r][d] *= float16_t(Lfrcp[r]);
+            Of[r][d_local] *= float16_t(Lfrcp[r]);
+#if defined(FLOAT_TYPE_MAX)
+            Of[r][d_local] = clamp(Of[r][d_local], -FLOAT_TYPE_MAX, FLOAT_TYPE_MAX);
+#endif
         }
     }
 
-    uint32_t o_offset = iq3*p.ne2*p.ne1;
+    uint32_t o_offset = (gqa_iq1*p.ne1*HSV + iq3*p.ne2*p.ne1*HSV) / 4;
 
     if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
         [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
             if (tile_row(r) < N) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t comp = 0; comp < 4; ++comp) {
-                        perElemOpGqaStore(tile_row(r), 4*(d * D_split + d_tid) + comp, float(Of[r][d][comp]), o_offset, iq2, N);
-                    }
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d0 = 0; d0 < HSV / 4; d0 += threads_per_rowgroup) {
+                    const uint d = d0 + col_tid;
+                    if (d >= HSV / 4) break;
+                    const uint d_local = d0 / threads_per_rowgroup;
+                    gqaStore(tile_row(r), d, Of[r][d_local], o_offset, iq2, N);
                 }
             }
         }
     } else {
         [[unroll]] for (uint32_t r = 0; r < rows_per_thread; ++r) {
             if (i * Br + tile_row(r) < N) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d = 0; d < D_per_thread / 4; ++d) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint32_t comp = 0; comp < 4; ++comp) {
-                        data_o[o_offset + iq2 * D + (i * Br + tile_row(r)) * p.ne1 * D + 4*(d * D_split + d_tid) + comp] = D_TYPE(Of[r][d][comp]);
-                    }
+                [[unroll]] for (uint32_t d0 = 0; d0 < HSV / 4; d0 += threads_per_rowgroup) {
+                    const uint d = d0 + col_tid;
+                    if (d >= HSV / 4) break;
+                    const uint d_local = d0 / threads_per_rowgroup;
+                    data_ov4[o_offset + (iq2 * HSV + (i * Br + tile_row(r)) * p.ne1 * HSV) / 4 + d] = D_TYPEV4(Of[r][d_local]);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp
index 6acf67a03a4..0ea181342ce 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 #extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_vote : enable
 #extension GL_EXT_null_initializer : enable
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "dequant_funcs_cm2.comp"
-#include "flash_attn_base.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "dequant_funcs_cm2.glsl"
+#include "flash_attn_base.glsl"
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer Q {uint8_t data_q[];};
 layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer K {uint8_t data_k[];};
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ ACC_TYPE maxReduce(const in ACC_TYPE x, const in ACC_TYPE y) {
     return max(x, y);
 }
 
+float16_t maxReduceFp16(const in float16_t x, const in float16_t y) {
+    return max(x, y);
+}
+
 ACC_TYPE smearReduce(const in ACC_TYPE x, const in ACC_TYPE y) {
     return x;
 }
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ ACC_TYPE Max(const in uint32_t row, const in uint32_t col, const in ACC_TYPE ele
     return max(elem0, elem1);
 }
 
-#if defined(BLOCK_SIZE)
+#if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
 #define DECODEFUNC , DEQUANTFUNC
 #else
 #define DECODEFUNC
@@ -61,13 +65,35 @@ ACC_TYPE Max(const in uint32_t row, const in uint32_t col, const in ACC_TYPE ele
 // Rows index by Q's dimension 2, and the first N rows are valid.
 D_TYPE perElemOpGqaStore(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in D_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t o_offset, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N)
 {
-    if (r < N && c < D) {
-        uint32_t offset = (iq2 + r) * D + c;
+    if (r < N && c < HSV) {
+        uint32_t offset = (iq2 + r) * HSV + c;
         data_o[o_offset + offset] = D_TYPE(elem);
     }
     return elem;
 }
 
+// Store O values for non-GQA split_k. Rows are tokens, not heads.
+D_TYPE perElemOpNonGqaSplitKStore(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in D_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t unused, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N) {
+    uint32_t global_row = i * Br + r;
+    if (global_row < N && c < HSV) {
+        uint32_t o_off = HSV * p.ne1
+            * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (global_row + p.ne2 * iq3));
+        data_o[o_off + iq2 * HSV + c] = D_TYPE(elem);
+    }
+    return elem;
+}
+
+// Store L/M values for non-GQA split_k.
+ACC_TYPE perElemOpNonGqaSplitKStoreCol0(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in ACC_TYPE elem, const in uint32_t lm_base, const in uint32_t iq2, const in uint32_t N) {
+    uint32_t global_row = i * Br + r;
+    if (global_row < N && c == 0) {
+        uint32_t lm_off = HSV * p.ne1 * p.k_num * p.ne2 * p.ne3
+            + p.ne1 * 2 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (global_row + p.ne2 * iq3));
+        data_o[lm_off + lm_base + iq2] = D_TYPE(elem);
+    }
+    return elem;
+}
+
 void main() {
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
     init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
@@ -81,20 +107,20 @@ void main() {
 
     tensorViewNV<2, false, 1, 0> tensorViewTranspose = createTensorViewNV(2, false, 1, 0);
 
-#if defined(BLOCK_SIZE)
+#if BLOCK_SIZE > 1
     tensorLayoutK = setTensorLayoutBlockSizeNV(tensorLayoutK, 1, BLOCK_SIZE);
     tensorLayoutV = setTensorLayoutBlockSizeNV(tensorLayoutV, 1, BLOCK_SIZE);
 #endif
 
-    tensorLayoutQ = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutQ, N, D);
-    tensorLayoutK = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutK, KV, D);
-    tensorLayoutV = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutV, KV, D);
+    tensorLayoutQ = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutQ, N, HSK);
+    tensorLayoutK = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutK, KV, HSK);
+    tensorLayoutV = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutV, KV, HSV);
 
     // hint to the compiler that strides are aligned for the aligned variant of the shader
     if (Clamp != gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV)
     {
         q_stride &= ~7;
-#if !defined(BLOCK_SIZE)
+#if BLOCK_SIZE == 1
         k_stride &= ~7;
         v_stride &= ~7;
 #endif
@@ -104,16 +130,16 @@ void main() {
     tensorLayoutK = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutK, k_stride, 1);
     tensorLayoutV = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutV, v_stride, 1);
 
-    coopmat<Q_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> Q;
-    coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseA> Qf16;
+    coopmat<Q_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSK_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> Q;
+    coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSK_pad, gl_MatrixUseA> Qf16;
 
-    uint32_t q_offset = iq2*p.nb02+iq3*p.nb03;
-    coopMatLoadTensorNV(Q, data_q, q_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutQ, i * Br, Br, 0, D));
+    uint32_t q_offset = gqa_iq1*p.nb01*4/*sizeof(float)*/ + iq2*p.nb02+iq3*p.nb03;
+    coopMatLoadTensorNV(Q, data_q, q_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutQ, i * Br, Br, 0, HSK_pad));
 
-    Qf16 = coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseA>(Q);
+    Qf16 = coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSK_pad, gl_MatrixUseA>(Q);
     Qf16 *= float16_t(p.scale);
 
-    coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> O = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
+    coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> O = coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
 
     coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> L, M;
 
@@ -121,7 +147,11 @@ void main() {
     const float NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2 = uintBitsToFloat(0xFEFFFFFF);
 
     L = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+    M = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(-ACC_TYPE_MAX / ACC_TYPE(2));
+#else
     M = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2);
+#endif
 
     coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> slopeMat = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(1.0);
 
@@ -130,33 +160,87 @@ void main() {
         coopMatPerElementNV(slopeMat, slopeMat, perElemOpComputeSlope, iq2);
     }
 
+    const uint32_t mo_stride = CEIL_DIV(KV, 16 * Bc);
+    // mo_offset will point to the tile starting at row i*Br and col 0
+    uint32_t mo_offset = mo_stride * i;
+
+    uint32_t m_offset = gqa_iq1*KV * 2 /*sizeof(float16_t)*/;
+    if (p.nem2 != 1 || p.nem3 != 1) {
+        m_offset += ((iq3 % p.nem3) * p.nem2 + (iq2 % p.nem2)) * p.nem1 * KV * 2 /*sizeof(float16_t)*/;
+        mo_offset += ((iq3 % p.nem3) * p.nem2 + (iq2 % p.nem2)) * CEIL_DIV(p.nem1, Br) * mo_stride;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mask_opt = 0;
+    uint32_t mask_opt_idx = ~0;
+
     [[dont_unroll]]
     for (uint32_t j = start_j; j < end_j; ++j) {
 
+        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mv = coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
+        if (MASK_ENABLE) {
+
+            if (USE_MASK_OPT && mask_opt_idx != j / 16) {
+                mask_opt_idx = j / 16;
+                mask_opt = data_mask_opt[mo_offset + mask_opt_idx];
+            }
+            uint32_t mask_opt_bits = (mask_opt >> ((j % 16) * 2)) & 0x3;
+            if (mask_opt_bits == MASK_OPT_ALL_NEG_INF) {
+                // skip this block
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Only load if the block is not all zeros
+            if (mask_opt_bits != MASK_OPT_ALL_ZERO) {
+                bool nem1_bounds_check = !(p.gqa_ratio > 1) && (p.nem1 % Br) != 0;
+
+                if (nem1_bounds_check) {
+                    tensorLayoutNV<2, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV> tensorLayoutM = createTensorLayoutNV(2, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV);
+                    tensorLayoutM = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutM, p.nem1, KV);
+                    tensorLayoutM = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutM, m_stride, 1);
+                    tensorLayoutM = setTensorLayoutClampValueNV(tensorLayoutM, 0xfc00); // -inf in float16_t
+
+                    coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mvmax;
+
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mv, data_m, m_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutM, i * Br, Br, j * Bc, Bc));
+                    // skip the block if the mask is entirely -inf
+                    coopMatReduceNV(mvmax, mv, gl_CooperativeMatrixReduceRowAndColumnNV, maxReduceFp16);
+                    if (mvmax[0] <= NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    tensorLayoutNV<2, Clamp> tensorLayoutM = createTensorLayoutNV(2, Clamp);
+                    // Don't clamp against nem1 when GQA is enabled
+                    uint32_t m_height = p.gqa_ratio > 1 ? ~0 : p.nem1;
+                    tensorLayoutM = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutM, m_height, KV);
+                    tensorLayoutM = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutM, m_stride, 1);
+
+                    coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mvmax;
+
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mv, data_m, m_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutM, i * Br, Br, j * Bc, Bc));
+                    // skip the block if the mask is entirely -inf
+                    coopMatReduceNV(mvmax, mv, gl_CooperativeMatrixReduceRowAndColumnNV, maxReduceFp16);
+                    if (mvmax[0] <= NEG_FLT_MAX_OVER_2) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> S = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
 
-        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, D, Bc, gl_MatrixUseB> K_T;
+        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, HSK_pad, Bc, gl_MatrixUseB> K_T;
 
         uint32_t k_offset = ik2*p.nb12 + ik3*p.nb13;
-        coopMatLoadTensorNV(K_T, data_k, k_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutK, j * Bc, Bc, 0, D), tensorViewTranspose DECODEFUNC);
+        coopMatLoadTensorNV(K_T, data_k, k_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutK, j * Bc, Bc, 0, HSK_pad), tensorViewTranspose DECODEFUNC);
         S = coopMatMulAdd(Qf16, K_T, S);
 
-        if (p.logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+        if (LOGIT_SOFTCAP) {
             [[unroll]]
             for (int k = 0; k < S.length(); ++k) {
                 S[k] = ACC_TYPE(p.logit_softcap)*tanh(S[k]);
             }
         }
 
-        if (p.mask != 0) {
-            tensorLayoutNV<2, Clamp> tensorLayoutM = createTensorLayoutNV(2, Clamp);
-            tensorLayoutM = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutM, p.nem1, KV);
-            tensorLayoutM = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutM, m_stride, 1);
-
-            coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mv;
-
-            coopMatLoadTensorNV(mv, data_m, 0, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutM, i * Br, Br, j * Bc, Bc));
-
+        if (MASK_ENABLE) {
             S += slopeMat*coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(mv);
         }
 
@@ -175,6 +259,8 @@ void main() {
 
         coopMatReduceNV(rowmax, S, gl_CooperativeMatrixReduceRowNV, maxReduce);
 
+        rowmax += coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(FATTN_KQ_MAX_OFFSET);
+
         coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> Mold = M;
 
         // M = max(rowmax, Mold)
@@ -203,65 +289,102 @@ void main() {
         rowsum = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, Bc, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0);
         rowsum = coopMatMulAdd(P_A, One, rowsum);
 
-        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Bc, D, gl_MatrixUseB> V;
+        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Bc, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseB> V;
         uint32_t v_offset = iv2*p.nb22 + iv3*p.nb23;
-        coopMatLoadTensorNV(V,  data_v, v_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutV, j * Bc, Bc, 0, D) DECODEFUNC);
+        coopMatLoadTensorNV(V,  data_v, v_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutV, j * Bc, Bc, 0, HSV_pad) DECODEFUNC);
 
         L = eM*L + rowsum;
 
         // This is the "diagonal" matrix in the paper, but since we do componentwise
         // multiply rather than matrix multiply it has the diagonal element smeared
         // across the row
-        coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> eMdiag;
+        coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> eMdiag;
 
         // resize eM by using smear/reduce
         coopMatReduceNV(eMdiag, eM, gl_CooperativeMatrixReduceRowNV, smearReduce);
 
-        // multiply with fp16 accumulation, then add to O.
-        coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> PV = coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
-        PV = coopMatMulAdd(P_A, V, PV);
-
-        O = eMdiag * O + coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(PV);
+        O *= coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(eMdiag);
+        O = coopMatMulAdd(P_A, V, O);
     }
 
     // If there is split_k, then the split_k resolve shader does the final
     // division by L. Store the intermediate O value and per-row m and L values.
     if (p.k_num > 1) {
-        coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> O_D = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(O);
-
-        uint32_t o_offset = D * p.ne1 * split_k_index;
-        coopMatPerElementNV(O_D, O_D, perElemOpGqaStore, o_offset, iq2, N);
-
-        o_offset = D * p.ne1 * p.k_num + p.ne1 * split_k_index * 2;
-        coopMatPerElementNV(L, L, perElemOpStoreCol0, o_offset, iq2, N);
-        coopMatPerElementNV(M, M, perElemOpStoreCol0, o_offset + p.ne1, iq2, N);
+        coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> O_D = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(O);
+
+        if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
+            // note: O and Q have swapped coord 1,2.
+            uint32_t o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (gqa_iq1 + p.ne2 * iq3));
+            coopMatPerElementNV(O_D, O_D, perElemOpGqaStore, o_offset, iq2, N);
+
+            o_offset = HSV * p.ne1 * p.k_num * p.ne2 * p.ne3 + p.ne1 * 2 * (split_k_index + p.k_num * (gqa_iq1 + p.ne2 * iq3));
+            coopMatPerElementNV(L, L, perElemOpStoreCol0, o_offset, iq2, N);
+            coopMatPerElementNV(M, M, perElemOpStoreCol0, o_offset + p.ne1, iq2, N);
+        } else {
+            coopMatPerElementNV(O_D, O_D, perElemOpNonGqaSplitKStore, 0u, iq2, N);
+            coopMatPerElementNV(L, L, perElemOpNonGqaSplitKStoreCol0, 0u, iq2, N);
+            coopMatPerElementNV(M, M, perElemOpNonGqaSplitKStoreCol0, p.ne1, iq2, N);
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> Ldiag;
+    coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> Ldiag;
 
     // resize L by using smear/reduce
     coopMatReduceNV(Ldiag, L, gl_CooperativeMatrixReduceRowNV, smearReduce);
 
+    if ((p.mask_n_head_log2 & SINK_ENABLE_BIT) != 0) {
+        coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> S;
+        coopMatPerElementNV(S, S, perElemOpGetSink, iq2);
+
+        coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> Mr;
+
+        // resize M by using smear/reduce
+        coopMatReduceNV(Mr, M, gl_CooperativeMatrixReduceRowNV, smearReduce);
+
+        // O, Ldiag, Mr all have the same type so all element locations match
+        [[unroll]] for (uint32_t i = 0; i < Ldiag.length(); ++i) {
+            ACC_TYPE sink = S[i];
+
+            ACC_TYPE ms = ACC_TYPE(1.0f);
+            ACC_TYPE vs = ACC_TYPE(1.0f);
+
+            if (sink > Mr[i]) {
+                ms = exp(Mr[i] - sink);
+
+                O[i] *= float16_t(ms);
+            } else {
+                vs = exp(sink - Mr[i]);
+            }
+
+            Ldiag[i] = Ldiag[i]*ms + vs;
+        }
+    }
+
     [[unroll]]
     for (int k = 0; k < Ldiag.length(); ++k) {
-        Ldiag[k] = ACC_TYPE(1.0) / Ldiag[k];
+        Ldiag[k] = (Ldiag[k] == 0.0) ? ACC_TYPE(0.0) : (ACC_TYPE(1.0) / Ldiag[k]);
     }
 
-    O = Ldiag*O;
+    coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> O_D = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(O);
+
+    O_D = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, HSV_pad, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(Ldiag)*O_D;
+
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < O_D.length(); ++i) { O_D[i] = clamp(O_D[i], D_TYPE(-ACC_TYPE_MAX), D_TYPE(ACC_TYPE_MAX)); }
+#endif
 
-    uint32_t o_offset = iq3*p.ne2*p.ne1;
+    uint32_t o_offset = gqa_iq1*p.ne1*HSV + iq3*p.ne2*p.ne1*HSV;
 
-    coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> O_D = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(O);
     if (p.gqa_ratio > 1) {
         coopMatPerElementNV(O_D, O_D, perElemOpGqaStore, o_offset, iq2, N);
     } else {
         tensorLayoutNV<3, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV> tensorLayoutD = createTensorLayoutNV(3, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV);
-        tensorLayoutD = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutD, p.ne2, p.ne1, D);
+        tensorLayoutD = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutD, p.ne2, p.ne1, HSV);
 
         // permute dimensions
         tensorViewNV<3, false, 1, 0, 2> tensorViewPermute = createTensorViewNV(3, false, 1, 0, 2);
 
-        coopMatStoreTensorNV(O_D, data_o, o_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutD, i * Br, Br, iq2, N, 0, D), tensorViewPermute);
+        coopMatStoreTensorNV(O_D, data_o, o_offset, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutD, i * Br, Br, iq2, N, 0, HSV_pad), tensorViewPermute);
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_mask_opt.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_mask_opt.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e417708062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_mask_opt.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+
+layout (constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 128;
+layout (constant_id = 1) const uint NUM_SUBGROUPS = 4;
+layout (constant_id = 2) const uint Br = 32;
+layout (constant_id = 3) const uint Bc = 32;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {float16_t data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer Av4 {f16vec4 data_av4[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {uint data_d[];};
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    uint nem0;
+    uint nem1;
+    uint nem2;
+    uint nbm1;
+    uint nbm2;
+    uint nbm3;
+    uint nbd1;
+    uint nbd2;
+    uint nbd3;
+};
+
+#define MASK_OPT_ALL_NEG_INF 1
+#define MASK_OPT_ALL_ZERO 2
+
+shared float minsh[NUM_SUBGROUPS];
+shared float maxsh[NUM_SUBGROUPS];
+
+float FLT_MAX_OVER_2 = uintBitsToFloat(0x7EFFFFFF);
+
+void loadvec4(inout uint result, const uint i0, const uint i1, const uint i2, const uint i3, const bool need_bounds_check) {
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint block_x = 0; block_x < 16; ++block_x) {
+        float min_v = FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
+        float max_v = -FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < Br * Bc / 4; i += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            uint j0 = (i + tid) % (Bc / 4);
+            uint j1 = (i + tid) / (Bc / 4);
+
+            j0 *= 4;
+            j0 += (i0 * 16 + block_x) * Bc;
+            j1 += i1 * Br;
+
+            if (!need_bounds_check || j0 + 3 < nem0) {
+                vec4 f = vec4(data_av4[(j0 + j1 * nbm1 + i2 * nbm2 + i3 * nbm3) / 4]);
+                [[unroll]] for (int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                    min_v = min(min_v, f[c]);
+                    max_v = max(max_v, f[c]);
+                }
+            } else {
+                [[unroll]] for (int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                    if (j0 + c < nem0) {
+                        float f = float(data_a[j0 + j1 * nbm1 + i2 * nbm2 + i3 * nbm3]);
+                        min_v = min(min_v, f);
+                        max_v = max(max_v, f);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        min_v = subgroupMin(min_v);
+        max_v = subgroupMax(max_v);
+        if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+            minsh[gl_SubgroupID] = min_v;
+            maxsh[gl_SubgroupID] = max_v;
+        }
+        barrier();
+        if (tid == 0) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < NUM_SUBGROUPS; ++i) {
+                min_v = min(min_v, minsh[i]);
+                max_v = max(max_v, maxsh[i]);
+            }
+            if (max_v <= -FLT_MAX_OVER_2) {
+                result |= 1 << (2*block_x);
+            }
+            if (min_v == 0.0f && max_v == 0.0f) {
+                result |= 2 << (2*block_x);
+            }
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+}
+
+// For each Br x Bc block of the mask (input) buffer, read all values and check
+// if it's all -inf or all zero. Write out a two-bit code indicating which it is
+// (or zero for neither). Each workgroup processes 16 tiles and writes out a
+// 32-bit result mask.
+//
+// TODO: This is a lot of work per workgroup, might make sense to split this into
+// more workgroups in the future.
+void main() {
+    // Each workgroup handles a row
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+    const uint i0 = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    const uint i1 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.z % nem2;
+    const uint i3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z / nem2;
+
+    uint result = 0;
+
+    // Fast path for fully in-bounds blocks where we can do f16vec4 loads
+    if ((nem0 % Bc) == 0 && (nem1 % Br) == 0 &&
+        ((Br * Bc) % (BLOCK_SIZE * 4)) == 0) {
+        if ((i0 + 1) * 16 * Bc <= nem0) {
+            loadvec4(result, i0, i1, i2, i3, false);
+        } else {
+            loadvec4(result, i0, i1, i2, i3, true);
+        }
+    } else {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint block_x = 0; block_x < 16; ++block_x) {
+            float min_v = FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
+            float max_v = -FLT_MAX_OVER_2;
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < Br * Bc; i += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+                if ((Br * Bc % BLOCK_SIZE) != 0 && i + tid >= Br * Bc) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                uint j0 = (i + tid) % Bc;
+                uint j1 = (i + tid) / Bc;
+
+                j0 += (i0 * 16 + block_x) * Bc;
+                j1 += i1 * Br;
+
+                if (j0 < nem0 && j1 < nem1) {
+                    float f = float(data_a[j0 + j1 * nbm1 + i2 * nbm2 + i3 * nbm3]);
+                    min_v = min(min_v, f);
+                    max_v = max(max_v, f);
+                }
+            }
+            min_v = subgroupMin(min_v);
+            max_v = subgroupMax(max_v);
+            if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+                minsh[gl_SubgroupID] = min_v;
+                maxsh[gl_SubgroupID] = max_v;
+            }
+            barrier();
+            if (tid == 0) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < NUM_SUBGROUPS; ++i) {
+                    min_v = min(min_v, minsh[i]);
+                    max_v = max(max_v, maxsh[i]);
+                }
+                if (max_v <= -FLT_MAX_OVER_2) {
+                    result |= 1 << (2*block_x);
+                }
+                if (min_v == 0.0f && max_v == 0.0f) {
+                    result |= 2 << (2*block_x);
+                }
+            }
+            barrier();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        data_d[i0 + i1 * nbd1 + i2 * nbd2 + i3 * nbd3] = result;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_split_k_reduce.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_split_k_reduce.comp
index a7e3956854c..68917fc0bb0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_split_k_reduce.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_split_k_reduce.comp
@@ -2,58 +2,120 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
-#define BLOCK_SIZE 32
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
 
-layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {float data_a[];};
-layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {float data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {float data_s[];};
+layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {float data_d[];};
 
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
     uint D;
-    uint N;
+    uint ne1;
+    uint ne2;
+    uint ne3;
     uint k_num;
+    uint sinks;
 } p;
 
+shared float tmpsh[BLOCK_SIZE];
+
 void main() {
     // Each workgroup handles a row
     const uint n = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
     const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.z % p.ne2;
+    const uint i3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z / p.ne2;
 
     uint D = p.D;
-    uint N = p.N;
     uint k_num = p.k_num;
 
-    uint l_offset = D * N * k_num + n;
-    uint m_offset = D * N * k_num + N + n;
-    uint lm_stride = N * 2;
+    uint l_offset = D * p.ne1 * p.ne2 * p.ne3 * k_num + p.ne1 * 2 * (0/*split_k_index*/ + p.k_num * (i2 + p.ne2 * i3)) + n;
+    uint m_offset = D * p.ne1 * p.ne2 * p.ne3 * k_num + p.ne1 * 2 * (0/*split_k_index*/ + p.k_num * (i2 + p.ne2 * i3)) + p.ne1 + n;
+    uint lm_stride = p.ne1 * 2;
 
     // Compute the max m value for the row
     float m_max = -1.0/0.0;
-    [[unroll]] for (uint k = 0; k < k_num; ++k) {
-        float m = data_a[m_offset + k * lm_stride];
+    for (uint k = 0; k + tid < k_num; k += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        float m = data_a[m_offset + (k + tid) * lm_stride];
         m_max = max(m_max, m);
     }
 
+    // reduce across the workgroup
+    tmpsh[tid] = m_max;
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE/2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            m_max = max(m_max, tmpsh[tid + s]);
+            tmpsh[tid] = m_max;
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+    m_max = tmpsh[0];
+
+    barrier();
+
     // Compute L based on m_max
     float L = 0;
-    [[unroll]] for (uint k = 0; k < k_num; ++k) {
-        float l = data_a[l_offset + k * lm_stride];
-        float m = data_a[m_offset + k * lm_stride];
+    for (uint k = 0; k + tid < k_num; k += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        float l = data_a[l_offset + (k + tid) * lm_stride];
+        float m = data_a[m_offset + (k + tid) * lm_stride];
         L += exp(m - m_max) * l;
     }
 
-    L = 1.0 / L;
+    // reduce across the workgroup
+    tmpsh[tid] = L;
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE/2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            L += tmpsh[tid + s];
+            tmpsh[tid] = L;
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+    L = tmpsh[0];
+
+    float sink;
+    if (p.sinks != 0) {
+        sink = data_s[n];
+
+        float ms = 1.0f;
+        float vs = 1.0f;
 
+        if (sink > m_max) {
+            ms = exp(m_max - sink);
+        } else {
+            vs = exp(sink - m_max);
+        }
+
+        L = L*ms + vs;
+    }
+
+    L = (L == 0.0) ? 0.0 : 1.0 / L;
+
+    // D dimension is split across workgroups in the y dimension
+    uint d = tid + gl_WorkGroupID.y * BLOCK_SIZE;
     // Scale and sum the O contributions based on m_max and store the result to memory
-    for (uint d = tid; d < D; d += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+    if (d < D) {
         float O = 0.0;
         [[unroll]] for (uint k = 0; k < k_num; ++k) {
-            uint o_offset = D * N * k + D * n + d;
+            uint o_offset = D * p.ne1 * (k + p.k_num * (i2 + p.ne2 * i3)) + D * n + d;
             float m = data_a[m_offset + k * lm_stride];
             O += exp(m - m_max) * data_a[o_offset];
         }
+        if (p.sinks != 0) {
+            if (sink > m_max) {
+                float ms = 1.0f;
+                ms = exp(m_max - sink);
+                O *= ms;
+            }
+        }
         O *= L;
-        data_d[D * n + d] = O;
+
+        const float FLT_MAX = uintBitsToFloat(0x7F7FFFFF);
+        O = clamp(O, -FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+
+        data_d[(i3 * p.ne2 + i2) * p.ne1 * D + D * n + d] = O;
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/floor.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/floor.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20017eb1843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/floor.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(floor(x));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gated_delta_net.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gated_delta_net.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f008859b99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gated_delta_net.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint S_V = 128;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const uint KDA = 0;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform Parameters {
+    uint H;
+    uint n_tokens;
+    uint n_seqs;
+    uint s_off;
+    uint sq1, sq2, sq3;
+    uint sv1, sv2, sv3;
+    uint sb1, sb2, sb3;
+    uint neq1, rq3;
+    float scale;
+};
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly  buffer QBuf     { FLOAT_TYPE data_q[];     };
+layout(binding = 1) readonly  buffer KBuf     { FLOAT_TYPE data_k[];     };
+layout(binding = 2) readonly  buffer VBuf     { FLOAT_TYPE data_v[];     };
+layout(binding = 3) readonly  buffer GBuf     { FLOAT_TYPE data_g[];     };
+layout(binding = 4) readonly  buffer BetaBuf  { FLOAT_TYPE data_beta[];  };
+layout(binding = 5) readonly  buffer StateBuf { FLOAT_TYPE data_state[]; };
+layout(binding = 6)           buffer DstBuf   { FLOAT_TYPE data_dst[];   };
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE s_k[S_V];
+shared FLOAT_TYPE s_q[S_V];
+shared FLOAT_TYPE s_g[S_V]; // KDA only: cached exp(g[i])
+
+void main() {
+    const uint head_id = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    const uint seq_id  = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint col     = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+
+    const uint iq1 = head_id % neq1;
+    const uint iq3 = seq_id / rq3;
+
+    const uint state_size = S_V * S_V;
+    const uint state_base = (seq_id * H + head_id) * state_size;
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE state[S_V];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < S_V; i++) {
+        state[i] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_state[state_base + col * S_V + i]);
+    }
+
+    uint attn_off = (seq_id * n_tokens * H + head_id) * S_V;
+
+    for (uint t = 0; t < n_tokens; t++) {
+        const uint q_off = iq3 * sq3 + t * sq2 + iq1 * sq1;
+        const uint k_off = q_off;
+        const uint v_off = seq_id * sv3 + t * sv2 + head_id * sv1;
+
+        s_q[col] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_q[q_off + col]);
+        s_k[col] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_k[k_off + col]);
+
+        const uint gb_off = seq_id * sb3 + t * sb2 + head_id * sb1;
+
+        if (KDA != 0) {
+            const uint g_base = gb_off * S_V;
+            s_g[col] = exp(FLOAT_TYPE(data_g[g_base + col]));
+        }
+
+        barrier();
+
+        const FLOAT_TYPE v_val = FLOAT_TYPE(data_v[v_off + col]);
+        const FLOAT_TYPE beta_val = FLOAT_TYPE(data_beta[gb_off]);
+
+        if (KDA == 0) {
+            const FLOAT_TYPE g_val = exp(FLOAT_TYPE(data_g[gb_off]));
+
+            FLOAT_TYPE kv_col = 0.0;
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < S_V; i += 4) {
+                kv_col += dot(
+                    vec4(state[i], state[i+1], state[i+2], state[i+3]),
+                    vec4(s_k[i], s_k[i+1], s_k[i+2], s_k[i+3])
+                );
+            }
+
+            FLOAT_TYPE delta_col = (v_val - g_val * kv_col) * beta_val;
+
+            FLOAT_TYPE attn_col = 0.0;
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < S_V; i += 4) {
+                vec4 sv = vec4(state[i], state[i+1], state[i+2], state[i+3]);
+                vec4 kv = vec4(s_k[i], s_k[i+1], s_k[i+2], s_k[i+3]);
+                sv = g_val * sv + kv * delta_col;
+                state[i] = sv.x; state[i+1] = sv.y; state[i+2] = sv.z; state[i+3] = sv.w;
+
+                attn_col += dot(sv, vec4(s_q[i], s_q[i+1], s_q[i+2], s_q[i+3]));
+            }
+
+            data_dst[attn_off + col] = attn_col * scale;
+        } else {
+            FLOAT_TYPE kv_col = 0.0;
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < S_V; i += 4) {
+                vec4 gv = vec4(s_g[i], s_g[i+1], s_g[i+2], s_g[i+3]);
+                vec4 sv = vec4(state[i], state[i+1], state[i+2], state[i+3]);
+                vec4 kv = vec4(s_k[i], s_k[i+1], s_k[i+2], s_k[i+3]);
+                kv_col += dot(gv * sv, kv);
+            }
+
+            FLOAT_TYPE delta_col = (v_val - kv_col) * beta_val;
+
+            FLOAT_TYPE attn_col = 0.0;
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < S_V; i += 4) {
+                vec4 gv = vec4(s_g[i], s_g[i+1], s_g[i+2], s_g[i+3]);
+                vec4 sv = vec4(state[i], state[i+1], state[i+2], state[i+3]);
+                vec4 kv = vec4(s_k[i], s_k[i+1], s_k[i+2], s_k[i+3]);
+                sv = gv * sv + kv * delta_col;
+                state[i] = sv.x; state[i+1] = sv.y; state[i+2] = sv.z; state[i+3] = sv.w;
+
+                attn_col += dot(sv, vec4(s_q[i], s_q[i+1], s_q[i+2], s_q[i+3]));
+            }
+
+            data_dst[attn_off + col] = attn_col * scale;
+        }
+
+        attn_off += S_V * H;
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < S_V; i++) {
+        data_dst[s_off + state_base + col * S_V + i] = state[i];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e017b503688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "glu_head.glsl"
+
+const float GELU_COEF_A    = 0.044715f;
+const float SQRT_2_OVER_PI = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876f;
+
+float op(float a, float b) {
+    const float val = SQRT_2_OVER_PI*a*(1.0f + GELU_COEF_A*a*a);
+    return 0.5f*a*(2.0f - 2.0f / (exp(2 * val) + 1)) * b;
+}
+
+#include "glu_main.glsl"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu_erf.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu_erf.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..759a1848fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu_erf.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "glu_head.glsl"
+
+// based on Abramowitz and Stegun formula 7.1.26 or similar Hastings' approximation
+// ref: https://www.johndcook.com/blog/python_erf/
+const float p_erf  = 0.3275911f;
+const float a1_erf = 0.254829592f;
+const float a2_erf = -0.284496736f;
+const float a3_erf = 1.421413741f;
+const float a4_erf = -1.453152027f;
+const float a5_erf = 1.061405429f;
+
+const float SQRT_2_INV = 0.70710678118654752440084436210484f;
+
+float op(float a, float b) {
+    const float a_div_sqr2 = a * SQRT_2_INV;
+    const float sign_x = sign(a_div_sqr2);
+    const float x = abs(a_div_sqr2);
+    const float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + p_erf * x);
+    const float y = 1.0f - (((((a5_erf * t + a4_erf) * t) + a3_erf) * t + a2_erf) * t + a1_erf) * t * exp(-x * x);
+    const float erf_approx = sign_x * y;
+
+    return 0.5f * a * (1.0f + erf_approx) * b;
+}
+
+#include "glu_main.glsl"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu_quick.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu_quick.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c4032ab21d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/geglu_quick.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "glu_head.glsl"
+
+const float GELU_QUICK_COEF = -1.702f;
+
+float op(float a, float b) {
+    return a * (1.0f / (1.0f + exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF * a))) * b;
+}
+
+#include "glu_main.glsl"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu.comp
index 4cc7a68ca18..a95c2525c8d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu_erf.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu_erf.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..58375aba09f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu_erf.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    // based on Abramowitz and Stegun formula 7.1.26 or similar Hastings' approximation
+    // ref: https://www.johndcook.com/blog/python_erf/
+    const float p_erf  = 0.3275911f;
+    const float a1_erf = 0.254829592f;
+    const float a2_erf = -0.284496736f;
+    const float a3_erf = 1.421413741f;
+    const float a4_erf = -1.453152027f;
+    const float a5_erf = 1.061405429f;
+
+    const float SQRT_2_INV = 0.70710678118654752440084436210484f;
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float a = float(data_a[i]);
+    const float a_div_sqr2 = a * SQRT_2_INV;
+    const float sign_x = sign(a_div_sqr2);
+    const float x = abs(a_div_sqr2);
+    const float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + p_erf * x);
+    const float y = 1.0f - (((((a5_erf * t + a4_erf) * t) + a3_erf) * t + a2_erf) * t + a1_erf) * t * exp(-x * x);
+    const float erf_approx = sign_x * y;
+
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(0.5f * a * (1.0f + erf_approx));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu_quick.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu_quick.comp
index e6e6fcfd20e..bfdfe2182df 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu_quick.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/gelu_quick.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_binary_head.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_binary_head.glsl
similarity index 75%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_binary_head.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_binary_head.glsl
index 062e2a4cdf2..ba7909c4d38 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_binary_head.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_binary_head.glsl
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
 
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "utils.glsl"
+#if RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION
+#include "rope_params.glsl"
+#endif
+
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 {
     uint ne;
@@ -9,11 +15,23 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint ne20; uint ne21; uint ne22; uint ne23; uint nb20; uint nb21; uint nb22; uint nb23;
     uint misalign_offsets;
     float param1; float param2; int param3;
+#if RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION
+    rope_params rope;
+#endif
 } p;
 
+#if !RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED16)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 data_a_packed16[];};
+#endif
+#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED32)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED32 {A_TYPE_PACKED32 data_a_packed32[];};
+#endif
+
 layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {B_TYPE data_b[];};
 layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+#endif
 
 // true if src0/src1 are the same shape and the indices can be reused without additional modulus
 layout(constant_id = 0) const bool norepeat = false;
@@ -26,25 +44,9 @@ uint get_aoffset() { return p.misalign_offsets >> 16; }
 uint get_boffset() { return (p.misalign_offsets >> 8) & 0xFF; }
 uint get_doffset() { return p.misalign_offsets & 0xFF; }
 
-// mod and div are expensive and coordinates/dimensions are often power of 2 or equal to 1
-uint fastmod(uint a, uint b) {
-    if ((b & (b-1)) == 0) {
-        return a & (b-1);
-    }
-    return a % b;
-}
-
-uint fastdiv(uint a, uint b) {
-    return (a < b) ? 0 : (a / b);
-}
 
 void get_indices(uint idx, out uint i00, out uint i01, out uint i02, out uint i03) {
-    i03 = fastdiv(idx, (p.ne02*p.ne01*p.ne00));
-    const uint i03_offset = i03 * p.ne02*p.ne01*p.ne00;
-    i02 = fastdiv((idx - i03_offset), (p.ne01*p.ne00));
-    const uint i02_offset = i02*p.ne01*p.ne00;
-    i01 = (idx - i03_offset - i02_offset) / p.ne00;
-    i00 = idx - i03_offset - i02_offset - i01*p.ne00;
+    get_indices(idx, i00, i01, i02, i03, p.ne00, p.ne01, p.ne02, p.ne03);
 }
 
 uint src0_idx(uint i00, uint i01, uint i02, uint i03) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_head.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_head.glsl
similarity index 81%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_head.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_head.glsl
index 66e46ae6796..3797901f043 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_head.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_head.glsl
@@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint KY;
     float param1;
     float param2;
+    float param3;
+    float param4;
 } p;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_unary_head.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_unary_head.glsl
similarity index 92%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_unary_head.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_unary_head.glsl
index 8dc9d360d52..cc181fda870 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_unary_head.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/generic_unary_head.glsl
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 } p;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED16)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 data_a_packed16[];};
+#endif
+#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED32)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED32 {A_TYPE_PACKED32 data_a_packed32[];};
+#endif
+
 layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
 uint get_idx() {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows.comp
index ee6b86a18dd..e88bdd057ea 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows.comp
@@ -1,33 +1,42 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 void main() {
     const uint i00 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
-    const uint i10 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-    const uint i11 = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.z)/p.ne12;
-    const uint i12 = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.z)%p.ne12;
 
     if (i00 >= p.ne00) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const uint i01 = data_b[get_boffset() + i10*p.nb10 + i11*p.nb11 + i12*p.nb12];
+    uint gid_z = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+    while (gid_z < p.ne11 * p.ne12) {
+        uint gid_y = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+        while (gid_y < p.ne10) {
+            const uint i10 = gid_y;
+            const uint i11 = gid_z / p.ne12;
+            const uint i12 = gid_z % p.ne12;
 
-    const uint a_offset = get_aoffset() + i01*p.nb01 + i11*p.nb02 + i12*p.nb03;
-    const uint d_offset = get_doffset() + i10*p.nb21 + i11*p.nb22 + i12*p.nb23;
+            const uint i01 = data_b[get_boffset() + i10*p.nb10 + i11*p.nb11 + i12*p.nb12];
+
+            const uint a_offset = get_aoffset() + i01*p.nb01 + i11*p.nb02 + i12*p.nb03;
+            const uint d_offset = get_doffset() + i10*p.nb21 + i11*p.nb22 + i12*p.nb23;
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_BF16)
-    FLOAT_TYPE v = FLOAT_TYPE(bf16_to_fp32(data_a[a_offset + i00]));
+            TEMP_TYPE v = TEMP_TYPE(bf16_to_fp32(data_a[a_offset + i00]));
 #else
-    FLOAT_TYPE v = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + i00]);
+            TEMP_TYPE v = TEMP_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + i00]);
 #endif
 #ifndef OPTIMIZATION_ERROR_WORKAROUND
-    data_d[d_offset + i00] = D_TYPE(v);
+            data_d[d_offset + i00] = D_TYPE(v);
 #else
-    data_d[d_offset + i00] = D_TYPE(v);
+            data_d[d_offset + i00] = D_TYPE(v);
 #endif
+            gid_y += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
+        gid_z += gl_WorkGroupSize.z * gl_NumWorkGroups.z;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp
index cfd645a38a8..9dba437edbe 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp
@@ -2,17 +2,14 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
-#include "dequant_funcs.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
+#include "dequant_funcs.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 void main() {
     const uint i00 = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.x)*2;
-    const uint i10 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-    const uint i11 = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.z)/p.ne12;
-    const uint i12 = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.z)%p.ne12;
 
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
     init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
@@ -22,20 +19,33 @@ void main() {
         return;
     }
 
-    const uint i01 = data_b[i10*p.nb10 + i11*p.nb11 + i12*p.nb12];
+    uint gid_z = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+    while (gid_z < p.ne11 * p.ne12) {
+        uint gid_y = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+        while (gid_y < p.ne10) {
+            const uint i10 = gid_y;
+            const uint i11 = gid_z / p.ne12;
+            const uint i12 = gid_z % p.ne12;
 
-    const uint a_offset = i01*p.nb01 + i11*p.nb02 + i12*p.nb03;
-    const uint d_offset = i10*p.nb21 + i11*p.nb22 + i12*p.nb23;
+            const uint i01 = data_b[i10*p.nb10 + i11*p.nb11 + i12*p.nb12];
 
-    const uint ib = a_offset + i00/QUANT_K; // block index
-    const uint iqs = (i00%QUANT_K)/QUANT_R; // quant index
-    const uint iybs = i00 - i00%QUANT_K; // dst block start index
-    const uint y_offset = QUANT_R == 1 ? 1 : QUANT_K/2;
+            const uint a_offset = i01*p.nb01 + i11*p.nb02 + i12*p.nb03;
+            const uint d_offset = i10*p.nb21 + i11*p.nb22 + i12*p.nb23;
 
-    vec2 v = dequantize(ib, iqs, 0);
-    const vec2 dm = get_dm(ib, 0);
-    v = v * dm.x + dm.y;
+            const uint ib = a_offset + i00/QUANT_K; // block index
+            const uint iqs = (i00%QUANT_K)/QUANT_R; // quant index
+            const uint iybs = i00 - i00%QUANT_K; // dst block start index
+            const uint y_offset = QUANT_R == 1 ? 1 : QUANT_K/2;
 
-    data_d[d_offset + iybs + iqs           ] = D_TYPE(v.x);
-    data_d[d_offset + iybs + iqs + y_offset] = D_TYPE(v.y);
+            vec2 v = dequantize(ib, iqs, 0);
+            const vec2 dm = get_dm(ib, 0);
+            v = v * dm.x + dm.y;
+
+            data_d[d_offset + iybs + iqs           ] = D_TYPE(v.x);
+            data_d[d_offset + iybs + iqs + y_offset] = D_TYPE(v.y);
+
+            gid_y += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
+        gid_z += gl_WorkGroupSize.z * gl_NumWorkGroups.z;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/glu_head.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/glu_head.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2168989340b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/glu_head.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {A_TYPE data_b[];};
+layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint N;
+    uint ne00;
+    uint ne20;
+    uint mode;
+    float alpha;
+    float limit;
+} p;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/glu_main.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/glu_main.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85cf65a9eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/glu_main.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.N) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint row = i / p.ne20;
+    const uint col = i - row * p.ne20;
+
+    if (p.mode == 0) {
+        // Default
+        const uint offset = p.ne00 / 2;
+        const uint idx = row * p.ne00 + col;
+
+        data_d[row * offset + col] = D_TYPE(op(float(data_a[idx]), float(data_a[idx + offset])));
+    } else if (p.mode == 1) {
+        // Swapped
+        const uint offset = p.ne00 / 2;
+        const uint idx = row * p.ne00 + col;
+
+        data_d[row * offset + col] = D_TYPE(op(float(data_a[idx + offset]), float(data_a[idx])));
+    } else {
+        // Split
+        const uint idx = row * p.ne00 + col;
+
+        data_d[idx] = D_TYPE(op(float(data_a[idx]), float(data_b[idx])));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/group_norm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/group_norm.comp
index b6a0d564549..bdf97dbb5dc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/group_norm.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/group_norm.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 #define BLOCK_SIZE 512
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/hardsigmoid.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/hardsigmoid.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b4dbdf31419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/hardsigmoid.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(min(1.0f, max(0.0f, (x + 3.0f) / 6.0f)));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/hardswish.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/hardswish.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ec315915e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/hardswish.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(x * min(1.0f, max(0.0f, (x + 3.0f) / 6.0f)));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/im2col.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/im2col.comp
index 09aa849e881..db14f5a3cf3 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/im2col.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/im2col.comp
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 #version 450
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
-#extension GL_EXT_spirv_intrinsics: enable
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
 
-#if RTE16
-spirv_execution_mode(capabilities = [4467], 4462, 16); // RoundingModeRTE, 16 bits
-#endif
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 {
+    BDA_STORAGE_T dst_addr;
     uint batch_offset; uint offset_delta;
     uint IC;
     uint IW; uint IH;
@@ -20,10 +19,9 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     int s0; int s1;
     int p0; int p1;
     int d0; int d1;
+    uint batch_IC;
 } p;
 
-#include "types.comp"
-
 layout(constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
 
 const uint NUM_ITER = 512 / BLOCK_SIZE;
@@ -33,29 +31,31 @@ layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
 layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
-void main() {
+#if BDA
+layout (buffer_reference) buffer D_ptr {D_TYPE d;};
+#endif
+
+void im2col(const uint y, const uint z) {
     const uint gidx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
 
-    const uint oh = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-    const uint batch = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z / p.IC;
-    const uint ic = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z % p.IC;
+    const uint oh = y;
+    const uint batch = z / p.IC;
+    const uint ic = z % p.IC;
 
     const uint src_base = ic * p.offset_delta + batch * p.batch_offset;
-    const uint dst_base = ((batch * p.OH + oh) * p.OW) * p.CHW + ic * (p.KW * p.KH);
+    const BDA_OFFSET_T dst_base = ((BDA_OFFSET_T(batch) * p.OH + oh) * p.OW) * p.CHW + BDA_OFFSET_T(ic) * (p.KW * p.KH);
     const int oh_s1 = int(oh) * p.s1;
-    const uint ksize = p.OW * (p.KH > 1 ? p.KW : 1);
+    const uint ksize = p.OW * p.KH;
 
     const uint base_linear_idx = gidx * NUM_ITER;
 
-    const uint max_ky = ksize / p.OW;
-
     uint current_kx = base_linear_idx / ksize;
     const uint rem = base_linear_idx - (current_kx * ksize);
     uint current_ky = rem / p.OW;
     uint current_ix = rem % p.OW;
 
     A_TYPE values[NUM_ITER];
-    uint offset_dst[NUM_ITER];
+    BDA_OFFSET_T offset_dst[NUM_ITER];
     [[unroll]] for (uint idx = 0; idx < NUM_ITER; ++idx) {
         values[idx] = A_TYPE(0);
     }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void main() {
         const uint iiw = current_ix * p.s0 + current_kx * p.d0 - p.p0;
         const uint iih = oh_s1 + current_ky * p.d1 - p.p1;
 
-        offset_dst[idx] = dst_base + current_ix * p.CHW + current_ky * p.KW + current_kx;
+        offset_dst[idx] = dst_base + BDA_OFFSET_T(current_ix) * p.CHW + current_ky * p.KW + current_kx;
 
         if ((iih < p.IH) && (iiw < p.IW)) {
             values[idx] = data_a[src_base + iih * p.IW + iiw];
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void main() {
 
         if (++current_ix == p.OW) {
             current_ix = 0;
-            if (++current_ky == max_ky) {
+            if (++current_ky == p.KH) {
                 current_ky = 0;
                 current_kx++;
             }
@@ -94,7 +94,23 @@ void main() {
             continue;
         }
 
+#if BDA
+        D_ptr dst_addr = D_ptr(p.dst_addr + D_SIZE * offset_dst[idx]);
+        dst_addr.d = D_TYPE(values[idx]);
+#else
         data_d[offset_dst[idx]] = D_TYPE(values[idx]);
+#endif
     }
+}
 
+void main() {
+    uint y = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+    while (y < p.OH) {
+        uint z = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+        while (z < p.batch_IC) {
+            im2col(y, z);
+            z += gl_NumWorkGroups.z;
+        }
+        y += gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/im2col_3d.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/im2col_3d.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4bf8b4ca046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/im2col_3d.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    BDA_STORAGE_T dst_addr;
+    uint32_t nb10;
+    uint32_t nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13;
+    uint32_t s0;
+    uint32_t s1;
+    uint32_t s2;
+    uint32_t p0;
+    uint32_t p1;
+    uint32_t p2;
+    uint32_t d0;
+    uint32_t d1;
+    uint32_t d2;
+    uint32_t IW;
+    uint32_t IH;
+    uint32_t ID;
+    uint32_t IC;
+    uint32_t KW;
+    uint32_t OH;
+    uint32_t KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t KH_KW;
+    uint32_t IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t N_OD_OH;
+    uint32_t OD_OH;
+    uint32_t OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t misalign_offsets;
+} p;
+
+uint get_aoffset() { return p.misalign_offsets >> 16; }
+uint get_doffset() { return p.misalign_offsets & 0xFFFF; }
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+#if BDA
+layout (buffer_reference) buffer D_ptr {D_TYPE d;};
+#endif
+
+void main() {
+    const uint32_t i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    uint32_t nb10 = p.nb10;
+    uint32_t nb11 = p.nb11;
+    uint32_t nb12 = p.nb12;
+    uint32_t nb13 = p.nb13;
+    uint32_t s0 = p.s0;
+    uint32_t s1 = p.s1;
+    uint32_t s2 = p.s2;
+    uint32_t p0 = p.p0;
+    uint32_t p1 = p.p1;
+    uint32_t p2 = p.p2;
+    uint32_t d0 = p.d0;
+    uint32_t d1 = p.d1;
+    uint32_t d2 = p.d2;
+    uint32_t IW = p.IW;
+    uint32_t IH = p.IH;
+    uint32_t ID = p.ID;
+    uint32_t IC = p.IC;
+    uint32_t KW = p.KW;
+    uint32_t OH = p.OH;
+    uint32_t KD_KH_KW = p.KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t KH_KW = p.KH_KW;
+    uint32_t IC_KD_KH_KW = p.IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t N_OD_OH = p.N_OD_OH;
+    uint32_t OD_OH = p.OD_OH;
+    uint32_t OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = p.OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = p.OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+    uint32_t OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = p.OW_IC_KD_KH_KW;
+
+    if (i >= IC_KD_KH_KW) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t iic = i / KD_KH_KW;
+    const uint32_t ikd = (i - iic * KD_KH_KW) / KH_KW;
+    const uint32_t ikh = (i - iic * KD_KH_KW - ikd * KH_KW) / KW;
+    const uint32_t ikw = i % KW;
+
+    const uint32_t iow = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+    for (uint32_t iz = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z; iz < N_OD_OH; iz += gl_NumWorkGroups.z) {
+        const uint32_t in_ = iz / OD_OH;
+        const uint32_t iod = (iz - in_*OD_OH) / OH;
+        const uint32_t ioh = iz % OH;
+
+        const uint32_t iiw = iow * s0 + ikw * d0 - p0;
+        const uint32_t iih = ioh * s1 + ikh * d1 - p1;
+        const uint32_t iid = iod * s2 + ikd * d2 - p2;
+
+        const BDA_OFFSET_T offset_dst = BDA_OFFSET_T(in_)*OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + BDA_OFFSET_T(iod)*OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + BDA_OFFSET_T(ioh)*OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + BDA_OFFSET_T(iow)*IC_KD_KH_KW + iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw;
+
+        const uint32_t offset_src = (in_*IC + iic)*nb13 + iid*nb12 + iih*nb11 + iiw*nb10;
+#if BDA
+        D_ptr dst_addr = D_ptr(p.dst_addr + D_SIZE * offset_dst);
+        if (iih >= IH || iiw >= IW || iid >= ID) {
+            dst_addr.d = D_TYPE(0.0f);
+        } else {
+            dst_addr.d = D_TYPE(data_a[offset_src + get_aoffset()]);
+        }
+#else
+        if (iih >= IH || iiw >= IW || iid >= ID) {
+            data_d[offset_dst + get_doffset()] = D_TYPE(0.0f);
+        } else {
+            data_d[offset_dst + get_doffset()] = D_TYPE(data_a[offset_src + get_aoffset()]);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/l2_norm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/l2_norm.comp
index deba8c39856..f9af46744df 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/l2_norm.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/l2_norm.comp
@@ -1,26 +1,29 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 #define BLOCK_SIZE 512
 
 layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
-layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
-
 shared FLOAT_TYPE sum[BLOCK_SIZE];
 
 void main() {
     const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x;
     const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
 
+    const uint i3 = row / (p.ne11 * p.ne12);
+    const uint i3_offset = i3 * p.ne12 * p.ne11;
+    const uint i2 = (row - i3_offset) / p.ne11;
+    const uint i2_offset = i2 * p.ne11;
+    const uint i1 = row - i3_offset - i2_offset;
+
     sum[tid] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f); // partial sum for thread in warp
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid; col < p.KX; col += BLOCK_SIZE) {
-        const FLOAT_TYPE xi = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[row*p.KX + col]);
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i0 = tid; i0 < p.ne00; i0 += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        const FLOAT_TYPE xi = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i3*p.nb03 + i2*p.nb02 + i1*p.nb01 + i0]);
         sum[tid] += xi * xi;
     }
 
@@ -33,9 +36,9 @@ void main() {
         barrier();
     }
 
-    const FLOAT_TYPE scale = inversesqrt(max(sum[0], FLOAT_TYPE(p.param1)));
+    const FLOAT_TYPE scale = 1.0f / max(sqrt(sum[0]), FLOAT_TYPE(p.param1));
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid; col < p.KX; col += BLOCK_SIZE) {
-        data_d[row*p.KX + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[row*p.KX + col]));
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i0 = tid; i0 < p.ne00; i0 += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        data_d[i3*p.nb13 + i2*p.nb12 + i1*p.nb11 + i0] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i3*p.nb03 + i2*p.nb02 + i1*p.nb01 + i0]));
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/leaky_relu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/leaky_relu.comp
index d90a99aea55..b281e855cb2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/leaky_relu.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/leaky_relu.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/log.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/log.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff2812d3d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/log.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+void main() {
+    const uint idx = get_idx();
+
+    if (idx >= p.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float val = float(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(idx)]);
+    data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(idx)] = D_TYPE(log(val));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul.comp
index 43de19df8eb..02ef1eace16 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
 
 const uint num_threads = 256;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp
index bb429dd5945..2271be4021b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
+#include "dequant_funcs.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -86,7 +87,6 @@ void compute_outputs(const uint32_t first_row, const uint32_t num_rows) {
     const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
 
     get_offsets(a_offset, b_offset, d_offset);
-    a_offset /= QUANT_K;
 
     y_offset = QUANT_R == 1 ? 1 : QUANT_K/2;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_base.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_base.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 903753c7e2e..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_base.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage : require
-
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-#define EXPERT_COUNT 8
-#endif
-
-#include "types.comp"
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {B_TYPE data_b[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer BV2 {B_TYPE_VEC2 data_b_v2[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer BV4 {B_TYPE_VEC4 data_b_v4[];};
-
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer IDS {int data_ids[];};
-#endif
-
-#include "dequant_funcs.comp"
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
-{
-    uint ncols;
-    uint stride_a;
-    uint stride_b;
-    uint stride_d;
-
-    uint batch_stride_a;
-    uint batch_stride_b;
-    uint batch_stride_d;
-
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    uint nei0;
-    uint ne11;
-#else
-    uint ne02;
-    uint ne12;
-    uint broadcast2;
-    uint broadcast3;
-#endif
-} p;
-
-void get_offsets(out uint a_offset, out uint b_offset, out uint d_offset) {
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    const uint expert_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-#else
-    const uint batch_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MUL_MAT_ID
-    uint batch_idx_a = 0;
-    if (batch_idx != 0) {
-        const uint i13 = batch_idx / p.ne12;
-        const uint i12 = batch_idx % p.ne12;
-
-        const uint i03 = i13 / p.broadcast3;
-        const uint i02 = i12 / p.broadcast2;
-
-        batch_idx_a = i03 * p.ne02 + i02;
-    }
-#else
-    const uint expert_id = data_ids[expert_idx];
-#endif
-
-    a_offset =
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-            expert_id * p.batch_stride_a;
-#else
-            batch_idx_a * p.batch_stride_a;
-#endif
-    b_offset =
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-            (expert_idx % p.ne11) * p.stride_b;
-#else
-            batch_idx * p.batch_stride_b;
-#endif
-    d_offset =
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-            expert_idx * p.stride_d;
-#else
-            batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d;
-#endif
-}
-
-layout (constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
-layout (constant_id = 1) const uint NUM_ROWS = 1;
-layout (constant_id = 2) const uint NUM_COLS = 1;
-
-shared FLOAT_TYPE tmpsh[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS][BLOCK_SIZE];
-
-void reduce_result(const in FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS], const in uint32_t d_offset, const in uint32_t first_row, const in uint32_t num_rows, const in uint32_t tid) {
-    // sum up partial sums and write back result
-    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-            tmpsh[j][n][tid] = temp[j][n];
-        }
-    }
-    barrier();
-    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE/2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
-        if (tid < s) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-                    tmpsh[j][n][tid] += tmpsh[j][n][tid + s];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        barrier();
-    }
-    if (tid == 0) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-                data_d[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n] = D_TYPE(tmpsh[j][n][0]);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_base.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_base.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4aeda68c7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_base.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage : require
+
+#if USE_SUBGROUP_ADD || USE_SUBGROUP_ADD_NO_SHMEM
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : require
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : require
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+#define EXPERT_COUNT 8
+#endif
+
+#include "mul_mat_vec_iface.glsl"
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint ncols;
+    uint stride_a;
+    uint stride_b;
+    uint stride_d;
+
+    uint batch_stride_a;
+    uint batch_stride_b;
+    uint batch_stride_d;
+
+    uint fusion_flags;
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+    uint nei0;
+    uint ne11;
+    uint expert_i1;
+    uint nbi1;
+#else
+    uint base_work_group_y;
+    uint ne02;
+    uint ne12;
+    uint broadcast2;
+    uint broadcast3;
+#endif
+} p;
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+uint expert_id;
+#endif
+
+void get_offsets(out uint a_offset, out uint b_offset, out uint d_offset) {
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+    const uint expert_i0 = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+#else
+    const uint batch_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.y + p.base_work_group_y;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MUL_MAT_ID
+    uint batch_idx_a = 0;
+    if (batch_idx != 0) {
+        const uint i13 = batch_idx / p.ne12;
+        const uint i12 = batch_idx % p.ne12;
+
+        const uint i03 = i13 / p.broadcast3;
+        const uint i02 = i12 / p.broadcast2;
+
+        batch_idx_a = i03 * p.ne02 + i02;
+    }
+#else
+    expert_id = data_ids[expert_i0 + p.expert_i1 * p.nbi1];
+#endif
+
+    a_offset =
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+            expert_id * (p.batch_stride_a / QUANT_K);
+#else
+            batch_idx_a * (p.batch_stride_a / QUANT_K);
+#endif
+    b_offset =
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+            (expert_i0 % p.ne11) * p.stride_b + p.expert_i1 * p.batch_stride_b;
+#else
+            batch_idx * p.batch_stride_b;
+#endif
+    d_offset =
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+            expert_i0 * p.stride_d + p.expert_i1 * p.batch_stride_d;
+#else
+            batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d;
+#endif
+}
+
+layout (constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+layout (constant_id = 1) const uint NUM_ROWS = 1;
+layout (constant_id = 2) const uint NUM_COLS = 1;
+
+#ifdef USE_SUBGROUP_ADD_NO_SHMEM
+void reduce_result(inout FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS], const in uint32_t d_offset, const in uint32_t first_row, const in uint32_t num_rows, const in uint32_t tid) {
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+            temp[j][n] = subgroupAdd(temp[j][n]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+                    temp[j][n] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[expert_id*p.stride_d + first_row + n]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE0) != 0) {
+                    const uint expert_i0 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+                    temp[j][n] *= FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[expert_i0]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE1) != 0) {
+                    const uint expert_i0 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+                    temp[j][n] *= FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[expert_i0]);
+                }
+#else
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+                    temp[j][n] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1) != 0) {
+                    temp[j][n] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n]);
+                }
+#endif
+                data_d[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n] = D_TYPE(temp[j][n]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#else
+shared FLOAT_TYPE tmpsh[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS][BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+void reduce_result(FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS], const in uint32_t d_offset, const in uint32_t first_row, const in uint32_t num_rows, const in uint32_t tid) {
+    // subgroupAdd is probably faster on devices that support it,
+    // particularly when the workgroup has more than one subgroup
+#if USE_SUBGROUP_ADD
+    // sum up partial sums within a subgroup
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+            temp[j][n] = subgroupAdd(temp[j][n]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Go through shared memory to sum partials across subgroups
+    if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+                tmpsh[j][n][gl_SubgroupID] = temp[j][n];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    barrier();
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+                temp[j][n] = FLOAT_TYPE(0);
+                [[unroll]] for (uint s = 0; s < gl_NumSubgroups; ++s) {
+                    temp[j][n] += tmpsh[j][n][s];
+                }
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+                    temp[j][n] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[expert_id*p.stride_d + first_row + n]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE0) != 0) {
+                    const uint expert_i0 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+                    temp[j][n] *= FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[expert_i0]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE1) != 0) {
+                    const uint expert_i0 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+                    temp[j][n] *= FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[expert_i0]);
+                }
+#else
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+                    temp[j][n] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1) != 0) {
+                    temp[j][n] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n]);
+                }
+#endif
+                data_d[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n] = D_TYPE(temp[j][n]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    // sum up partial sums and write back result
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+            tmpsh[j][n][tid] = temp[j][n];
+        }
+    }
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE/2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+                    tmpsh[j][n][tid] += tmpsh[j][n][tid + s];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+                    tmpsh[j][n][0] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[expert_id*p.stride_d + first_row + n]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE0) != 0) {
+                    const uint expert_i0 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+                    tmpsh[j][n][0] *= FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[expert_i0]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE1) != 0) {
+                    const uint expert_i0 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+                    tmpsh[j][n][0] *= FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[expert_i0]);
+                }
+#else
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+                    tmpsh[j][n][0] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n]);
+                }
+                if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1) != 0) {
+                    tmpsh[j][n][0] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n]);
+                }
+#endif
+                data_d[j*p.batch_stride_d + d_offset + first_row + n] = D_TYPE(tmpsh[j][n][0]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iface.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iface.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..337dbd796ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iface.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0 0x1
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1 0x2
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE0 0x4
+#define MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_SCALE1 0x8
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+#if defined(A_TYPE_VEC4)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer AV4 {A_TYPE_VEC4 data_a_v4[];};
+#endif
+#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED16)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 data_a_packed16[];};
+#endif
+#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED32)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED32 {A_TYPE_PACKED32 data_a_packed32[];};
+#endif
+
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {B_TYPE data_b[];};
+#ifdef B_TYPE_VEC2
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer BV2 {B_TYPE_VEC2 data_b_v2[];};
+#endif
+#ifdef B_TYPE_VEC4
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer BV4 {B_TYPE_VEC4 data_b_v4[];};
+#endif
+
+layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer Fuse0 {D_TYPE data_fuse0[];};
+layout (binding = 4) readonly buffer Fuse1 {D_TYPE data_fuse1[];};
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+layout (binding = 5) readonly buffer IDS {int data_ids[];};
+#endif
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_m.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_m.comp
index e4acbd4f962..3ea24a76cec 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_m.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_m.comp
@@ -1,41 +1,91 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS];
 
-void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint ib32, const uint i, const uint num_blocks_per_row, const uint first_row, const uint num_rows) {
+void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint ib32, const uint i,
+                               const uint num_blocks_per_row, const uint first_row, const uint num_rows) {
+    // Compute starting index in matrix B for this superblock
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + 32 * ib32;
+    uint ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
 
-    uint ibi = a_offset / QUANT_K + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    // Precompute indices for quantization lookup tables
+    const uint qh_base = 2 * ib32;
+    const uint qs_base = 4 * ib32;
+    const uint sc_index = ib32 / 2;
+    const uint sc_shift = 6 * (ib32 & 1);
+
+    // Loop over rows in the superblock
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+        // Load per-block scales and shift for quantization
         const uint16_t[4] scales = data_a[ibi].scales;
         const u16vec4 s = u16vec4(scales[0], scales[1], scales[2], scales[3]) >> 12;
         const float d = float(unpackHalf2x16(s.x | (s.y << 4) | (s.z << 8) | (s.w << 12)).x);
+        const uint sc = data_a[ibi].scales[sc_index] >> sc_shift;
+
+        // Temporary caches for decoding
+        FLOAT_TYPE dl_cache[4];
+        uint16_t gvf_cache[4];
+        float delta_cache[4];
 
-        const uint sc = data_a[ibi].scales[ib32 / 2] >> (6 * (ib32 & 1));
+        // Precompute the multiplier and lookup values for 4 sub-blocks
         [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-            const uint qh = data_a[ibi].qh[2 * ib32 + l / 2] >> (4 * (l&1));
-            const uint qs = data_a[ibi].qs[4 * ib32 + l];
-            const float delta = ((qh & 8) != 0) ? -IQ1M_DELTA : IQ1M_DELTA;
-            const float dl = d * (2 * bitfieldExtract(sc, 3 * int(l / 2), 3) + 1);
-
-            const int16_t grid = int16_t(iq1s_grid[qs | ((qh & 7) << 8)]);
-
-            [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
-                vec4 b0 = vec4(data_b_v4[(j*p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4 + 2*l + 0]);
-                vec4 b4 = vec4(data_b_v4[(j*p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4 + 2*l + 1]);
-
-                FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0);
-                [[unroll]] for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                    sum = fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0[k]), bitfieldExtract(grid, 2 * k, 2) + delta,
-                          fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4[k]), bitfieldExtract(grid, 8 + 2 * k, 2) + delta, sum));
-                }
-                temp[j][n] = fma(dl, sum, temp[j][n]);
+            dl_cache[l] = FLOAT_TYPE(d * (2 * bitfieldExtract(sc, 3 * int(l / 2), 3) + 1));
+            const uint qh = data_a[ibi].qh[qh_base + l / 2] >> (4 * (l & 1));
+            const uint qs = data_a[ibi].qs[qs_base + l];
+            gvf_cache[l] = iq1s_grid[qs | ((qh & 7) << 8)];
+            delta_cache[l] = ((qh & 8) != 0) ? -IQ1M_DELTA : IQ1M_DELTA;
+        }
+
+        // Loop over columns of the output
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+            // Compute base index for matrix B
+            const uint base_b_idx = (j * p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4;
+            vec4 b_vals[8];
+
+            // Load 8 vec4 values from matrix B
+            [[unroll]] for (int idx = 0; idx < 8; ++idx) {
+                b_vals[idx] = vec4(data_b_v4[base_b_idx + idx]);
+            }
+
+            FLOAT_TYPE col_sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0);
+
+            // Loop over sub-blocks
+            [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+                const uint16_t grid = gvf_cache[l];
+                const float dl = dl_cache[l];
+
+                // Decode 8 2-bit fbits from gvf_cache
+                float f0 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 0, 2));
+                float f1 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 2, 2));
+                float f2 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 4, 2));
+                float f3 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 6, 2));
+                float f4 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 8, 2));
+                float f5 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 10, 2));
+                float f6 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 12, 2));
+                float f7 = float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 14, 2));
+
+                // Pack into vec4 for vectorized FMA
+                const vec4 fbits_v0 = vec4(f0, f1, f2, f3);
+                const vec4 fbits_v1 = vec4(f4, f5, f6, f7);
+                const vec4 delta_v = vec4(delta_cache[l]);
+
+                // Vectorized fused multiply-add
+                vec4 sum_v = fma(b_vals[2*l + 0], fbits_v0 + delta_v, vec4(0.0));
+                sum_v      = fma(b_vals[2*l + 1], fbits_v1 + delta_v, sum_v);
+
+                // Horizontal add to get scalar sum
+                FLOAT_TYPE sum = sum_v.x + sum_v.y + sum_v.z + sum_v.w;
+
+                // Accumulate to column sum
+                col_sum = fma(dl, sum, col_sum);
             }
+            // Write result to temporary buffer
+            temp[j][n] += col_sum;
         }
         ibi += num_blocks_per_row;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_s.comp
index 309da0991ae..fd953c8fadd 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_s.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq1_s.comp
@@ -1,40 +1,56 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS];
 
-void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint ib32, const uint i, const uint num_blocks_per_row, const uint first_row, const uint num_rows) {
-    const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + 32 * ib32;
-
-    uint ibi = a_offset / QUANT_K + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
-    [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-        const float d = float(data_a[ibi].d);
-        const uint qh = data_a[ibi].qh[ib32];
-        const float dl = d * float(2 * bitfieldExtract(qh, 12, 3) + 1);
-        const float delta = ((qh & 0x8000) != 0) ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
-
+void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint ib32, const uint i,
+                     const uint num_blocks_per_row, const uint first_row, const uint num_rows) {
+    const uint y_idx_base = i * QUANT_K + 32 * ib32;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+        const uint base_b_idx = (j * p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx_base) / 4;
         [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
-            const uint qs = data_a[ibi].qs[4 * ib32 + l];
-            const uint idxhi = bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(l), 3);
-            const int16_t grid = int16_t(iq1s_grid[qs | (idxhi << 8)]);
-
-            [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
-                vec4 b0 = vec4(data_b_v4[(j*p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4 + 2*l + 0]);
-                vec4 b4 = vec4(data_b_v4[(j*p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4 + 2*l + 1]);
-
-                FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0);
-                [[unroll]] for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
-                    sum = fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0[k]), bitfieldExtract(grid, 2 * k, 2) + delta,
-                          fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4[k]), bitfieldExtract(grid, 8 + 2 * k, 2) + delta, sum));
-                }
+            const vec4 b_val_0 = vec4(data_b_v4[base_b_idx + 2 * l]);
+            const vec4 b_val_1 = vec4(data_b_v4[base_b_idx + 2 * l + 1]);
+
+            // index for data_a
+            uint ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+
+            [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+                const float d = float(data_a[ibi].d);
+                const uint qh = data_a[ibi].qh[ib32];
+
+                const float dl = d * float(2 * bitfieldExtract(qh, 12, 3) + 1);
+                const uint qs = data_a[ibi].qs[4 * ib32 + l];
+                const uint idxhi = bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(l), 3);
+                const uint16_t grid = uint16_t(iq1s_grid[qs | (idxhi << 8)]);
+
+                const float delta_val = ((qh & 0x8000) != 0) ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
+                const vec4 delta_v = vec4(delta_val);
+                const vec4 fbits0 = vec4(
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 0, 2)),
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 2, 2)),
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 4, 2)),
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 6, 2))
+                );
+                const vec4 fbits1 = vec4(
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 8, 2)),
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 10, 2)),
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 12, 2)),
+                    float(bitfieldExtract(grid, 14, 2))
+                );
+
+                vec4 sum_v = fma(b_val_0, fbits0 + delta_v, vec4(0.0));
+                sum_v      = fma(b_val_1, fbits1 + delta_v, sum_v);
+                FLOAT_TYPE sum = dot(sum_v, vec4(1.0));
+
                 temp[j][n] = fma(dl, sum, temp[j][n]);
+                ibi += num_blocks_per_row;
             }
         }
-        ibi += num_blocks_per_row;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_s.comp
index 8d01536fa69..b4f6d1d6b64 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_s.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_s.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
     const uint nibble_shift = 4 * (itid & 1);
     const uint ib32 = itid / 2; // 0..7
 
-    uint ibi = a_offset / QUANT_K + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    uint ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
         const float d = float(data_a[ibi].d);
         const uint scale = (data_a[ibi].scales[ib32] >> nibble_shift) & 0xF;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs.comp
index c4960432410..d8dafe5f709 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -11,36 +11,54 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + 16 * itid;
     const uint nibble_shift = 4 * (itid & 1);
     const uint ib32 = itid / 2; // 0..7
-
-    uint ibi = a_offset / QUANT_K + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    uint ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    // Precompute db multiplication factors
+    float db_vals[NUM_ROWS];
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
         const float d = float(data_a[ibi].d);
-        const uint scale = (data_a[ibi].scales[ib32] >> nibble_shift) & 0xF;
-        const float db = d * (0.5 + scale) * 0.25;
-
+        const uint scale_raw = data_a[ibi].scales[ib32];
+        const uint scale = (scale_raw >> nibble_shift) & 0xF;
+        // Merge constant calculations d * (0.5 + scale) * 0.25 = d*0.125 + d*scale*0.25
+        db_vals[n] = d * (0.125f + float(scale) * 0.25f);
+        ibi += num_blocks_per_row;
+    }
+    ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+        // Preload grid and sign data for all l values
+        vec4 grid0_vals[2], grid1_vals[2];
+        uint sign_vals[2], sign7_vals[2];
         [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
             const uint qs = data_a[ibi].qs[2 * itid + l];
-            const uint sign = qs >> 9;
-            const uint sign7 = bitCount(sign);
-            const vec4 grid0 = vec4(unpack8(iq2xs_grid[qs & 511].x));
-            const vec4 grid1 = vec4(unpack8(iq2xs_grid[qs & 511].y));
-
-            [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
-                vec4 b0 = vec4(data_b_v4[(j*p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4 + 2*l + 0]);
-                vec4 b4 = vec4(data_b_v4[(j*p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4 + 2*l + 1]);
-
-                FLOAT_TYPE sum =
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.x), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   1) != 0 ? -grid0.x : grid0.x),
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.y), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   2) != 0 ? -grid0.y : grid0.y),
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.z), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   4) != 0 ? -grid0.z : grid0.z),
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.w), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   8) != 0 ? -grid0.w : grid0.w),
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.x), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &  16) != 0 ? -grid1.x : grid1.x),
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.y), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &  32) != 0 ? -grid1.y : grid1.y),
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.z), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &  64) != 0 ? -grid1.z : grid1.z),
-                      fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.w), FLOAT_TYPE((sign7 &  1) != 0 ? -grid1.w : grid1.w),
-                      FLOAT_TYPE(0.0)))))))));
-                temp[j][n] = fma(db, sum, temp[j][n]);
+            sign_vals[l] = qs >> 9;
+            sign7_vals[l] = bitCount(sign_vals[l]);
+            const uvec2 grid_data = iq2xs_grid[qs & 511];
+            grid0_vals[l] = vec4(unpack8(grid_data.x));
+            grid1_vals[l] = vec4(unpack8(grid_data.y));
+        }
+        // Preload B data for all j columns (reduce repeated index calculations)
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+            FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0);
+            [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
+                const uint sign = sign_vals[l];
+                const uint sign7 = sign7_vals[l];
+                const vec4 grid0 = grid0_vals[l];
+                const vec4 grid1 = grid1_vals[l];
+                // Precompute indices
+                const uint b_idx = (j * p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 4 + 2 * l;
+                const vec4 b0 = vec4(data_b_v4[b_idx + 0]);
+                const vec4 b4 = vec4(data_b_v4[b_idx + 1]);
+                sum +=
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.x), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   1) != 0 ? -grid0.x : grid0.x),
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.y), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   2) != 0 ? -grid0.y : grid0.y),
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.z), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   4) != 0 ? -grid0.z : grid0.z),
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b0.w), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &   8) != 0 ? -grid0.w : grid0.w),
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.x), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &  16) != 0 ? -grid1.x : grid1.x),
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.y), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &  32) != 0 ? -grid1.y : grid1.y),
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.z), FLOAT_TYPE((sign &  64) != 0 ? -grid1.z : grid1.z),
+                    fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b4.w), FLOAT_TYPE((sign7 &  1) != 0 ? -grid1.w : grid1.w),
+                    FLOAT_TYPE(0.0)))))))));
             }
+            temp[j][n] = fma(FLOAT_TYPE(db_vals[n]), sum, temp[j][n]);
         }
         ibi += num_blocks_per_row;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs.comp
index 94d4b92e1ee..f75dcf8331d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + 16 * itid;
     const uint ib32 = itid / 2; // 0..7
 
-    uint ibi = a_offset / QUANT_K + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    uint ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
         const float d = float(data_a[ibi].d);
         const uint signscale = pack32(u16vec2(
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_s.comp
index f021e404761..5cdf2a89d0f 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_s.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_s.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS];
 void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint ib32, const uint i, const uint num_blocks_per_row, const uint first_row, const uint num_rows) {
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + 32 * ib32;
 
-    uint ibi = a_offset / QUANT_K + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    uint ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
         const float d = float(data_a[ibi].d);
         const uint scale = (data_a[ibi].scales[ib32/2] >> (4 * (ib32 & 1))) & 0xF;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs.comp
index 3fe9dc3a411..a88898109ab 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + 16 * itid;
     const uint ib32 = itid / 2; // 0..7
 
-    uint ibi = a_offset / QUANT_K + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
+    uint ibi = a_offset + first_row * num_blocks_per_row + i;
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
         const float d = float(data_a[ibi].d);
         const uint signscale = pack32(u16vec2(
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_nc.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_nc.comp
index bc633369f9b..beea5296225 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_nc.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_nc.comp
@@ -8,12 +8,7 @@
 
 layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {B_TYPE data_b[];};
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE dst[];};
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer AV4 {A_TYPE_VEC4 data_a_v4[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer BV4 {B_TYPE_VEC4 data_b_v4[];};
+#include "mul_mat_vec_iface.glsl"
 
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 {
@@ -26,6 +21,10 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint ne12;
     uint b_offset;
     uint d_offset;
+    uint nb03;
+    uint nb13;
+    uint nb23;
+    uint fusion_flags;
 } p;
 
 shared FLOAT_TYPE tmp[BLOCK_SIZE];
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ void main() {
     const uint tid       = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
     const uint row_x     = gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
     const uint channel   = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+    const uint i3        = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
     const uint channel_x = channel / p.channel_x_divisor;
     const uint channel_y = channel % p.ne12;
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void main() {
     const uint nrows_dst = p.nrows_x;
     const uint row_dst   = row_x;
 
-    const uint idst = channel*nrows_dst + row_dst;
+    const uint idst = i3*p.nb23 + channel*nrows_dst + row_dst;
 
     FLOAT_TYPE temp = 0.0f;
 
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ void main() {
 
                 const uint row_y = col_x;
 
-                const uint ix = channel_x*p.channel_stride_x + row_x*p.row_stride_x + col_x;
-                const uint iy = channel_y*p.channel_stride_y + row_y;
+                const uint ix = i3*p.nb03 + channel_x*p.channel_stride_x + row_x*p.row_stride_x + col_x;
+                const uint iy = i3*p.nb13 + channel_y*p.channel_stride_y + row_y;
 
                 const vec4 av4 = vec4(data_a_v4[ix / 4]);
                 const vec4 bv4 = vec4(data_b_v4[iy / 4]);
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ void main() {
 
             const uint row_y = col_x;
 
-            const uint ix = channel_x*p.channel_stride_x + row_x*p.row_stride_x + col_x;
-            const uint iy = channel_y*p.channel_stride_y + row_y;
+            const uint ix = i3*p.nb03 + channel_x*p.channel_stride_x + row_x*p.row_stride_x + col_x;
+            const uint iy = i3*p.nb13 + channel_y*p.channel_stride_y + row_y;
 
             const vec4 av4 = vec4(data_a_v4[ix / 4]);
             const vec4 bv4 = vec4(data_b_v4[iy / 4]);
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ void main() {
 
             const uint row_y = col_x;
 
-            const uint ix = channel_x*p.channel_stride_x + row_x*p.row_stride_x + col_x;
-            const uint iy = channel_y*p.channel_stride_y + row_y;
+            const uint ix = i3*p.nb03 + channel_x*p.channel_stride_x + row_x*p.row_stride_x + col_x;
+            const uint iy = i3*p.nb13 + channel_y*p.channel_stride_y + row_y;
 
             const FLOAT_TYPE xi = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ix]);
 
@@ -113,6 +113,12 @@ void main() {
     }
 
     if (tid == 0) {
-        dst[idst] = tmp[0];
+        if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+            tmp[0] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[idst]);
+        }
+        if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1) != 0) {
+            tmp[0] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[idst]);
+        }
+        data_d[idst] = tmp[0];
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_p021.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_p021.comp
index 7aa070eebdf..32628c6e97d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_p021.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_p021.comp
@@ -10,12 +10,7 @@
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {B_TYPE data_b[];};
-layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE dst[];};
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer AV4 {A_TYPE_VEC4 data_a_v4[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer BV4 {B_TYPE_VEC4 data_b_v4[];};
+#include "mul_mat_vec_iface.glsl"
 
 layout(constant_id = 0) const int BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
 // gqa_ratio is in the range [1,8]
@@ -29,6 +24,7 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint nchannels_y;
     uint b_offset;
     uint d_offset;
+    uint fusion_flags;
 } p;
 
 #if !USE_SUBGROUP_ADD
@@ -148,7 +144,13 @@ void main() {
         [[unroll]] for (uint c = 0; c < gqa_ratio; ++c) {
             // dst is not transposed and not permuted
             const uint idst = (channel + c)*nrows_dst + row_dst;
-            dst[idst] = temp[c];
+            if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS0) != 0) {
+                temp[c] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse0[idst]);
+            }
+            if ((p.fusion_flags & MAT_VEC_FUSION_FLAGS_BIAS1) != 0) {
+                temp[c] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_fuse1[idst]);
+            }
+            data_d[idst] = temp[c];
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q2_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q2_k.comp
index 423ceb8a3df..619de054cb8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q2_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q2_k.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + y_offset;
 
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-        const uint ib0 = a_offset / QUANT_K + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
+        const uint ib0 = a_offset + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
         csel ^= 1;
 
         if (!all_threads) { // when we don't have enough blocks to use all threads
@@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
         const vec4 qs_u32_4 = vec4(unpack8((qs_u32 >> 4) & 0x03030303));
         const vec4 qs_u32_6 = vec4(unpack8((qs_u32 >> 6) & 0x03030303));
 
-        vec2 d = vec2(data_a[ib0 + i].d);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(d.x);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(d.y);
+        const FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm = vec2(data_a[ib0 + i].dm);
 
         [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
             vec2 b0 =   vec2(data_b_v2[(j*p.batch_stride_b + b_offset + y_idx) / 2 +  0]);
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
                        fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b96[l]),  sccache2[csel][ix][6 + 8*v_im],
                        fma(FLOAT_TYPE(b112[l]), sccache2[csel][ix][7 + 8*v_im], sum2))))))));
             }
-            temp[j][n] = fma(dall, sum1, fma(-dmin, sum2, temp[j][n]));
+            temp[j][n] = fma(dm.x, sum1, fma(-dm.y, sum2, temp[j][n]));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q3_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q3_k.comp
index e91724a28db..93e48b79012 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q3_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q3_k.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint ix, co
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + y_offset;
 
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-        const uint ib0 = a_offset / QUANT_K + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
+        const uint ib0 = a_offset + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
         csel ^= 1;
 
         if (!all_threads) { // when we don't have enough blocks to use all threads
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q4_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q4_k.comp
index f9cde064887..6af5a81587d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q4_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q4_k.comp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint v_im,
     const uint y2_idx = y1_idx + 128;
 
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-        const uint ib0 = a_offset / QUANT_K + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
-        vec2 d = vec2(data_a[ib0 + i].d);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(d.x);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(d.y);
+        const uint ib0 = a_offset + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
+        const FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a[ib0 + i].dm);
 
         const uint32_t scale0_u32 = data_a_packed16[ib0 + i].scales[v_im    ];
         const uint32_t scale4_u32 = data_a_packed16[ib0 + i].scales[v_im + 2];
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint v_im,
                 fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by10.y), sc2, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by132.y), sc3, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by20.y), sc6, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by232.y), sc7,
                 fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by10.z), sc2, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by132.z), sc3, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by20.z), sc6, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by232.z), sc7,
                 fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by10.w), sc2, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by132.w), sc3, fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by20.w), sc6,     FLOAT_TYPE(by232.w) * sc7)))))))))))))));
-            temp[j][n] = fma(dall, fma(sx, sc0, fma(sy, sc1, fma(sz, sc4, sw * sc5))), fma(-dmin, smin, temp[j][n]));
+            temp[j][n] = fma(dm.x, fma(sx, sc0, fma(sy, sc1, fma(sz, sc4, sw * sc5))), fma(-dm.y, smin, temp[j][n]));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q5_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q5_k.comp
index 6c84ef3cde3..3695b47b98d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q5_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q5_k.comp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint v_im,
     const uint y2_idx = y1_idx + 128;
 
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-        const uint ib0 = a_offset / QUANT_K + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
-        vec2 d = vec2(data_a[ib0 + i].d);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dall = FLOAT_TYPE(d.x);
-        const FLOAT_TYPE dmin = FLOAT_TYPE(d.y);
+        const uint ib0 = a_offset + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
+        const FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a[ib0 + i].dm);
 
         const uint32_t scale0_u32 = data_a_packed16[ib0 + i].scales[v_im    ];
         const uint32_t scale4_u32 = data_a_packed16[ib0 + i].scales[v_im + 2];
@@ -113,7 +111,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint v_im,
               fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by132.x) + FLOAT_TYPE(by132.y) + FLOAT_TYPE(by148.x) + FLOAT_TYPE(by148.y), sc3,
               fma(FLOAT_TYPE(by20.x) + FLOAT_TYPE(by20.y) + FLOAT_TYPE(by216.x) + FLOAT_TYPE(by216.y), sc6,
                   (FLOAT_TYPE(by232.x) + FLOAT_TYPE(by232.y) + FLOAT_TYPE(by248.x) + FLOAT_TYPE(by248.y)) * sc7)));
-            temp[j][n] = fma(dall, fma(sx, sc0, fma(sy, sc1, fma(sz, sc4, sw * sc5))), fma(-dmin, smin, temp[j][n]));
+            temp[j][n] = fma(dm.x, fma(sx, sc0, fma(sy, sc1, fma(sz, sc4, sw * sc5))), fma(-dm.y, smin, temp[j][n]));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q6_k.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q6_k.comp
index d53d9ee0a27..3e89d91cbb0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q6_k.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec_q6_k.comp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
 
-#include "mul_mat_vec_base.comp"
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void calc_superblock(const uint a_offset, const uint b_offset, const uint itid,
     const uint y_idx = i * QUANT_K + y_offset;
 
     [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
-        const uint ib0 = a_offset / QUANT_K + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
+        const uint ib0 = a_offset + (first_row+n)*num_blocks_per_row;
         csel ^= 1;
 
         if (!all_threads) { // when we don't have enough blocks to use all threads
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vecq.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vecq.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6fe3e2dc043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vecq.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
+#extension GL_EXT_integer_dot_product : require
+
+#define MMQ
+#define B_TYPE block_q8_1_x4
+
+#include "mul_mat_vec_base.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_QUANT_LEGACY) || defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+#define K_PER_ITER 8
+#elif defined(DATA_A_QUANT_K)
+#define K_PER_ITER 16
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ1_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ1_M)
+#define K_PER_ITER 32
+#else
+#error unimplemented
+#endif
+
+uint a_offset, b_offset, d_offset;
+
+int32_t cache_b_qs[K_PER_ITER / 4];
+vec2 cache_b_ds;
+
+#include "mul_mat_vecq_funcs.glsl"
+
+void iter(inout FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS], const uint first_row, const uint num_rows, const uint tid, const uint i) {
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+        const uint col = i*BLOCK_SIZE + tid*K_PER_ITER;
+
+        // Preload data_b block
+        const uint b_block_idx = (j*p.batch_stride_b + col) / QUANT_K_Q8_1 + b_offset;
+        const uint b_qs_idx = tid % (32 / K_PER_ITER);
+        const uint b_block_idx_outer = b_block_idx / 4;
+        const uint b_block_idx_inner = b_block_idx % 4;
+        cache_b_ds = vec2(data_b[b_block_idx_outer].ds[b_block_idx_inner]);
+
+#if QUANT_R == 2
+        // Assumes K_PER_ITER == 8
+        cache_b_qs[0] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx];
+        cache_b_qs[1] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx + 4];
+#else
+#if K_PER_ITER == 8
+        cache_b_qs[0] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx * 2];
+        cache_b_qs[1] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx * 2 + 1];
+#elif K_PER_ITER == 16
+        cache_b_qs[0] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx * 4    ];
+        cache_b_qs[1] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx * 4 + 1];
+        cache_b_qs[2] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx * 4 + 2];
+        cache_b_qs[3] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + b_qs_idx * 4 + 3];
+#elif K_PER_ITER == 32
+        cache_b_qs[0] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8    ];
+        cache_b_qs[1] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + 1];
+        cache_b_qs[2] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + 2];
+        cache_b_qs[3] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + 3];
+        cache_b_qs[4] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + 4];
+        cache_b_qs[5] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + 5];
+        cache_b_qs[6] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + 6];
+        cache_b_qs[7] = data_b[b_block_idx_outer].qs[b_block_idx_inner * 8 + 7];
+#else
+#error unimplemented
+#endif
+#endif
+
+        uint ibi = first_row*p.ncols;
+        [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+            const uint a_block_idx = (ibi + col)/QUANT_K_Q8_1 + a_offset;
+            ibi += p.ncols;
+
+            temp[j][n] += mmvq_dot_product(a_block_idx, b_qs_idx);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void compute_outputs(const uint32_t first_row, const uint32_t num_rows) {
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+
+    get_offsets(a_offset, b_offset, d_offset);
+    a_offset *= QUANT_K / QUANT_K_Q8_1;
+    b_offset /= QUANT_K_Q8_1;
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE temp[NUM_COLS][NUM_ROWS];
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < NUM_COLS; ++j) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint n = 0; n < num_rows; ++n) {
+            temp[j][n] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint num_iters = p.ncols / (K_PER_ITER * BLOCK_SIZE);
+    if (num_iters * K_PER_ITER * BLOCK_SIZE + K_PER_ITER*tid < p.ncols) {
+        num_iters++;
+    }
+    int unroll_count = 4;
+    uint unrolled_iters = num_iters & ~(unroll_count - 1);
+
+    uint i = 0;
+    while (i < unrolled_iters) {
+        // Manually partially unroll the loop
+        [[unroll]] for (uint k = 0; k < unroll_count; ++k) {
+            iter(temp, first_row, num_rows, tid, i*K_PER_ITER);
+            i++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    unroll_count = 2;
+    unrolled_iters = num_iters & ~(unroll_count - 1);
+
+    while (i < unrolled_iters) {
+        // Manually partially unroll the loop
+        [[unroll]] for (uint k = 0; k < unroll_count; ++k) {
+            iter(temp, first_row, num_rows, tid, i*K_PER_ITER);
+            i++;
+        }
+    }
+    while (i < num_iters) {
+        iter(temp, first_row, num_rows, tid, i*K_PER_ITER);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    reduce_result(temp, d_offset, first_row, num_rows, tid);
+}
+
+void main() {
+    const uint first_row = NUM_ROWS * (gl_WorkGroupID.x + gl_NumWorkGroups.x * gl_WorkGroupID.z);
+
+#ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
+#endif
+
+    // do NUM_ROWS at a time, unless there aren't enough remaining rows
+    if (first_row + NUM_ROWS <= p.stride_d) {
+        compute_outputs(first_row, NUM_ROWS);
+    } else {
+        if (first_row >= p.stride_d) {
+            return;
+        }
+        compute_outputs(first_row, p.stride_d - first_row);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vecq_funcs.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vecq_funcs.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ddbed309d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vecq_funcs.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int8 : require
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q8_0) || defined(DATA_A_IQ1_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+FLOAT_TYPE get_dm(uint ib) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].d);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_1) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
+FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 get_dm(uint ib) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a_packed32[ib].dm);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+FLOAT_TYPE get_dm(uint ib) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(e8m0_to_fp32(data_a[ib].e));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
+FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 get_dm(uint ib) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    return FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a_packed32[ib_k].dm);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Each iqs value maps to a 32-bit integer
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
+// 2-byte loads for Q4_0 blocks (18 bytes)
+i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const u16vec2 quants = u16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2    ],
+                                   data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]);
+    const uint32_t vui = pack32(quants);
+    return i32vec2( vui       & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mul_q8_1(const int32_t q_sum, const float da, const vec2 dsb, const int32_t sum_divisor) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(da * (float(q_sum) * dsb.x - (8 / sum_divisor) * dsb.y));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_1)
+// 4-byte loads for Q4_1 blocks (20 bytes)
+i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint32_t vui = data_a_packed32[ib].qs[iqs];
+    return i32vec2( vui       & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mul_q8_1(const int32_t q_sum, const vec2 dma, const vec2 dsb, const int32_t sum_divisor) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(q_sum) * dma.x * dsb.x + dma.y * dsb.y / sum_divisor);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q5_0)
+// 2-byte loads for Q5_0 blocks (22 bytes)
+i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const u16vec2 quants = u16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2    ],
+                                   data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]);
+    const uint32_t vui = pack32(quants);
+    const int32_t qh = int32_t((uint32_t(data_a_packed16[ib].qh[1]) << 16 | data_a_packed16[ib].qh[0]) >> (4 * iqs));
+    const int32_t v0 = int32_t(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)
+                     | ((qh & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (0,1,2,3) -> (4,12,20,28)
+
+    const int32_t v1 = int32_t((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)
+                     | (((qh >> 16) & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (16,17,18,19) -> (4,12,20,28)
+
+    return i32vec2(v0, v1);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mul_q8_1(const int32_t q_sum, const float da, const vec2 dsb, const int32_t sum_divisor) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(da * (float(q_sum) * dsb.x - (16 / sum_divisor) * dsb.y));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
+// 4-byte loads for Q5_1 blocks (24 bytes)
+i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const u16vec2 quants = u16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2    ],
+                                   data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]);
+    const uint32_t vui = pack32(quants);
+    const int32_t qh = int32_t(data_a_packed32[ib].qh >> (4 * iqs));
+    const int32_t v0 = int32_t(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)
+                     | ((qh & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (0,1,2,3) -> (4,12,20,28)
+
+    const int32_t v1 = int32_t((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)
+                     | (((qh >> 16) & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (16,17,18,19) -> (4,12,20,28)
+
+    return i32vec2(v0, v1);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mul_q8_1(const int32_t q_sum, const vec2 dma, const vec2 dsb, const int32_t sum_divisor) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(q_sum) * dma.x * dsb.x + dma.y * dsb.y / sum_divisor);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
+// 2-byte loads for Q8_0 blocks (34 bytes)
+int32_t repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    return pack32(i16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2    ],
+                          data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]));
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mul_q8_1(const int32_t q_sum, const float da, const vec2 dsb, const int32_t sum_divisor) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(q_sum) * da * dsb.x);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+// 1-byte loads for mxfp4 blocks (17 bytes)
+i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint32_t qs = pack32(u8vec4(data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4    ],
+                                      data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 1],
+                                      data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 2],
+                                      data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 3]));
+
+    const u8vec4 i_a0 = unpack8( qs       & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+    const u8vec4 i_a1 = unpack8((qs >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+
+    return i32vec2(pack32(i8vec4(kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.x], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.y], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.z], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.w])),
+                   pack32(i8vec4(kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.x], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.y], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.z], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.w])));
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mul_q8_1(const int32_t q_sum, const float da, const vec2 dsb, const int32_t sum_divisor) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(da * dsb.x * float(q_sum) * 0.5);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_QUANT_LEGACY) || defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+FLOAT_TYPE mmvq_dot_product(const uint ib_a, const uint iqs) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+#if QUANT_R == 2
+    const i32vec2 data_a_qs = repack(ib_a, iqs);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(data_a_qs.x,
+                             cache_b_qs[0]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(data_a_qs.y,
+                             cache_b_qs[1]);
+#else
+    int32_t data_a_qs = repack(ib_a, iqs * 2);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(data_a_qs,
+                             cache_b_qs[0]);
+    data_a_qs = repack(ib_a, iqs * 2 + 1);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(data_a_qs,
+                             cache_b_qs[1]);
+#endif
+
+    // 2 quants per call => divide sums by 8/2 = 4
+    return mul_q8_1(q_sum, get_dm(ib_a), cache_b_ds, 4);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
+// 4-byte loads for Q2_K blocks (84 bytes)
+i32vec4 repack4(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+
+    const uint qs_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 8 + (iqs_k % 8);
+    const uint qs_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 8) * 2;
+
+    return i32vec4((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx    ] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303,
+                   (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 1] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303,
+                   (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 2] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303,
+                   (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 3] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303);
+}
+
+uint8_t get_scale(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+
+    return data_a[ib_k].scales[iqs_k / 4];
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mmvq_dot_product(const uint ib_a, const uint iqs) {
+    int32_t sum_d = 0;
+    int32_t sum_m = 0;
+
+    const i32vec4 qs_a = repack4(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+    const uint8_t scale = get_scale(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+    const vec2 dm = vec2(get_dm(ib_a));
+    const int32_t scale_m = int32_t(scale >> 4) * 0x01010101; // Duplicate 8-bit value across 32-bits.
+
+    sum_d += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.x, cache_b_qs[0]) * (scale & 0xF);
+    sum_m += dotPacked4x8EXT(scale_m, cache_b_qs[0]);
+
+    sum_d += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.y, cache_b_qs[1]) * (scale & 0xF);
+    sum_m += dotPacked4x8EXT(scale_m, cache_b_qs[1]);
+
+    sum_d += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.z, cache_b_qs[2]) * (scale & 0xF);
+    sum_m += dotPacked4x8EXT(scale_m, cache_b_qs[2]);
+
+    sum_d += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.w, cache_b_qs[3]) * (scale & 0xF);
+    sum_m += dotPacked4x8EXT(scale_m, cache_b_qs[3]);
+
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(cache_b_ds.x) * (float(dm.x) * float(sum_d) - float(dm.y) * float(sum_m)));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q3_K)
+// 2-byte loads for Q3_K blocks (110 bytes)
+i32vec4 repack4(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+
+    const uint qs_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 8 + (iqs_k % 8);
+    const uint qs_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 8) * 2;
+    const uint hm_shift = iqs_k / 8;
+
+    // bitwise OR to add 4 if hmask is set, subtract later
+    const i8vec2 vals00 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2    ] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2    ] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+    const i8vec2 vals01 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2 + 1] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2 + 1] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+    const i8vec2 vals10 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2 + 2] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2 + 2] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+    const i8vec2 vals11 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2 + 3] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2 + 3] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+    const i8vec2 vals20 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2 + 4] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2 + 4] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+    const i8vec2 vals21 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2 + 5] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2 + 5] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+    const i8vec2 vals30 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2 + 6] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2 + 6] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+    const i8vec2 vals31 = unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx  * 2 + 7] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[iqs * 2 + 7] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101)) << 2));
+
+    return i32vec4(pack32(i8vec4(vals00.x, vals00.y, vals01.x, vals01.y) - int8_t(4)),
+                   pack32(i8vec4(vals10.x, vals10.y, vals11.x, vals11.y) - int8_t(4)),
+                   pack32(i8vec4(vals20.x, vals20.y, vals21.x, vals21.y) - int8_t(4)),
+                   pack32(i8vec4(vals30.x, vals30.y, vals31.x, vals31.y) - int8_t(4)));
+}
+
+float get_d_scale(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+    const uint is = iqs_k / 4;
+
+    const int8_t scale = int8_t(((data_a[ib_k].scales[is % 8      ] >> (4 * (is / 8))) & 0x0F0F) |
+                               (((data_a[ib_k].scales[8 + (is % 4)] >> (2 * (is / 4))) & 0x0303) << 4));
+    return float(data_a[ib_k].d) * float(scale - 32);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mmvq_dot_product(const uint ib_a, const uint iqs) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+
+    const i32vec4 qs_a = repack4(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+    const float d_scale = get_d_scale(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.x, cache_b_qs[0]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.y, cache_b_qs[1]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.z, cache_b_qs[2]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.w, cache_b_qs[3]);
+
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(cache_b_ds.x) * d_scale * float(q_sum));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_K) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+// 4-byte loads for Q4_K blocks (144 bytes) and Q5_K blocks (176 bytes)
+i32vec4 repack4(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+
+    const uint qs_idx = (iqs_k / 16) * 8 + (iqs_k % 8);
+    const uint qs_shift = ((iqs_k % 16) / 8) * 4;
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
+    const uint32_t vals0 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx    ] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    const uint32_t vals1 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 1] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    const uint32_t vals2 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 2] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    const uint32_t vals3 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 3] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+    return i32vec4(vals0, vals1, vals2, vals3);
+#else // defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+    const uint qh_idx = iqs;
+    const uint qh_shift = iqs_k / 8;
+
+    return i32vec4(((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx    ] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F) |
+                  (((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qh[qh_idx    ] >> qh_shift) & 0x01010101) << 4),
+                   ((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 1] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F) |
+                  (((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qh[qh_idx + 1] >> qh_shift) & 0x01010101) << 4),
+                   ((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 2] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F) |
+                  (((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qh[qh_idx + 2] >> qh_shift) & 0x01010101) << 4),
+                   ((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 3] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F) |
+                  (((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qh[qh_idx + 3] >> qh_shift) & 0x01010101) << 4));
+#endif
+}
+
+vec2 get_dm_scale(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+    const uint is = iqs_k / 8;
+    u8vec2 scale_dm;
+    if (is < 4) {
+        scale_dm = u8vec2(data_a[ib_k].scales[is] & 0x3F, data_a[ib_k].scales[is + 4] & 0x3F);
+    } else {
+        scale_dm = u8vec2((data_a[ib_k].scales[is+4] & 0xF) | ((data_a[ib_k].scales[is-4] & 0xC0) >> 2),
+                          (data_a[ib_k].scales[is+4] >>  4) | ((data_a[ib_k].scales[is  ] & 0xC0) >> 2));
+    }
+
+    return FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a_packed32[ib_k].dm) * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(scale_dm);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mmvq_dot_product(const uint ib_a, const uint iqs) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+
+    const i32vec4 qs_a = repack4(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+    const vec2 dm_scale = get_dm_scale(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.x, cache_b_qs[0]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.y, cache_b_qs[1]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.z, cache_b_qs[2]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.w, cache_b_qs[3]);
+
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(cache_b_ds.x) * float(dm_scale.x) * float(q_sum) - float(dm_scale.y) * float(cache_b_ds.y / 2));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
+// 2-byte loads for Q6_K blocks (210 bytes)
+i32vec4 repack4(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+
+    const uint ql_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 16 + iqs_k % 16;
+    const uint ql_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 16) * 4;
+
+    const uint qh_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 8 + iqs;
+    const uint qh_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 8) * 2;
+
+    const i8vec2 vals00 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2    ] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2    ] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals01 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 1] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 1] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals10 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 2] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 2] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals11 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 3] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 3] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals20 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 4] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 4] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals21 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 5] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 5] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals30 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 6] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 6] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals31 = (unpack8(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 7] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))) |
+                          unpack8(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 7] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4))) - int8_t(32);
+
+    return i32vec4(pack32(i8vec4(vals00.x, vals00.y, vals01.x, vals01.y)),
+                   pack32(i8vec4(vals10.x, vals10.y, vals11.x, vals11.y)),
+                   pack32(i8vec4(vals20.x, vals20.y, vals21.x, vals21.y)),
+                   pack32(i8vec4(vals30.x, vals30.y, vals31.x, vals31.y)));
+}
+
+float get_d_scale(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+    return float(data_a[ib_k].d) * float(data_a[ib_k].scales[iqs_k / 4]);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mmvq_dot_product(const uint ib_a, const uint iqs) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+
+    const i32vec4 qs_a = repack4(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+    const float d_scale = get_d_scale(ib_a, iqs * 4);
+
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.x, cache_b_qs[0]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.y, cache_b_qs[1]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.z, cache_b_qs[2]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.w, cache_b_qs[3]);
+
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(cache_b_ds.x) * float(d_scale) * float(q_sum));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ1_S)
+void repack8(uint ib, uint iqs, out i32vec4 out0, out i32vec4 out1) {
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+
+    const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
+
+    const uint qs16_0 = data_a_packed16[ib].qs[(4 * ib32 + 0) / 2];
+    const uint qs16_1 = data_a_packed16[ib].qs[(4 * ib32 + 2) / 2];
+
+    const uint qs0 = qs16_0 & 0xFF;
+    const uint qs1 = qs16_0 >> 8;
+    const uint qs2 = qs16_1 & 0xFF;
+    const uint qs3 = qs16_1 >> 8;
+
+    const uint hi0 = bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(0), 3);
+    const uint hi1 = bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(1), 3);
+    const uint hi2 = bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(2), 3);
+    const uint hi3 = bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(3), 3);
+
+    const int32_t grid0 = int32_t(iq1s_grid_gpu[qs0 | (hi0 << 8)]);
+    const int32_t grid1 = int32_t(iq1s_grid_gpu[qs1 | (hi1 << 8)]);
+    const int32_t grid2 = int32_t(iq1s_grid_gpu[qs2 | (hi2 << 8)]);
+    const int32_t grid3 = int32_t(iq1s_grid_gpu[qs3 | (hi3 << 8)]);
+
+    out0 = i32vec4((grid0 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (grid0 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (grid1 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (grid1 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+    out1 = i32vec4((grid2 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (grid2 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (grid3 >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                   (grid3 >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+}
+
+vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+
+    const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
+    const float delta = ((qh & 0x8000) != 0) ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
+
+    const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+    const float dl = d * float(2 * bitfieldExtract(qh, 12, 3) + 1);
+
+    // the -1 cancels out the bias in iq1s_grid_gpu
+    return FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(dl, dl * (delta - 1));
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE mmvq_dot_product(const uint ib_a, const uint iqs) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+
+    const uint ib_k = ib_a / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib_a % 8) * 32 + iqs * 32;
+
+    i32vec4 qs_a0;
+    i32vec4 qs_a1;
+    repack8(ib_k, iqs_k, qs_a0, qs_a1);
+
+    const vec2 dm = get_dm(ib_k, iqs_k);
+
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a0.x, cache_b_qs[0]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a0.y, cache_b_qs[1]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a0.z, cache_b_qs[2]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a0.w, cache_b_qs[3]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a1.x, cache_b_qs[4]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a1.y, cache_b_qs[5]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a1.z, cache_b_qs[6]);
+    q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a1.w, cache_b_qs[7]);
+
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(float(cache_b_ds.x) * float(dm.x) * float(q_sum) + float(dm.y) * float(cache_b_ds.y));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ1_M)
+FLOAT_TYPE mmvq_dot_product(const uint ib_a, const uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib_a / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib_a % 8) * 32 + iqs * 32;
+
+    const uint ib32 = iqs_k / 32;
+    const uint ib64 = ib32 / 2;
+
+    const uint16_t[4] scales = data_a[ib_k].scales;
+    const u16vec4 s = u16vec4(scales[0], scales[1], scales[2], scales[3]) >> 12;
+    const float d = float(unpackHalf2x16(s.x | (s.y << 4) | (s.z << 8) | (s.w << 12)).x);
+
+    const uint qs32 = data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[ib32];
+    const uint qh16 = data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[ib32];
+
+    float sum = 0;
+    const uint sc = data_a[ib_k].scales[ib64];
+    [[unroll]] for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+        const uint ib16 = 2 * ib32 + l / 2;
+        const float dl = d * (2 * bitfieldExtract(sc, 3 * int(ib16 & 3), 3) + 1);
+        const uint qh = qh16 >> (4 * l);
+        const uint qs = (qs32 >> (8 * l)) & 0xFF;
+        const float delta = ((qh & 8) != 0) ? -IQ1M_DELTA : IQ1M_DELTA;
+
+        const int32_t grid = int32_t(iq1s_grid_gpu[qs | ((qh & 7) << 8)]);
+
+        int32_t q_sum = 0;
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT((grid >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F, cache_b_qs[2 * l + 0]);
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT((grid >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F, cache_b_qs[2 * l + 1]);
+
+        int32_t y_sum = 0;
+        y_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(int(0x01010101), cache_b_qs[2 * l + 0]);
+        y_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(int(0x01010101), cache_b_qs[2 * l + 1]);
+
+        // the -1 cancels out the bias in iq1s_grid_gpu
+        sum += dl * (q_sum + y_sum * (delta - 1));
+    }
+    sum *= float(cache_b_ds.x);
+
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp
index 26163b167c7..23f3bd8d6d0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp
@@ -17,14 +17,18 @@
 #ifdef COOPMAT
 #extension GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix : enable
 #extension GL_KHR_memory_scope_semantics : enable
+#endif
+
+#if defined(COOPMAT) || defined(MUL_MAT_ID_USE_SUBGROUPS)
 #extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_ballot : enable
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : require
 #endif
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #ifndef LOAD_VEC_A
 #define LOAD_VEC_A 1
@@ -33,6 +37,18 @@
 #define LOAD_VEC_B 1
 #endif
 
+// Load 2 values at once without affecting index calculations through LOAD_VEC
+#if (defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16) || defined(DATA_A_BF16)) && !defined(ALIGNED)
+#define LOAD_VEC_BATCH_A 2
+#else
+#define LOAD_VEC_BATCH_A 1
+#endif
+#if !defined(ALIGNED)
+#define LOAD_VEC_BATCH_B 2
+#else
+#define LOAD_VEC_BATCH_B 1
+#endif
+
 #if !defined(TO_FLOAT_TYPE)
 #define TO_FLOAT_TYPE FLOAT_TYPE
 #endif
@@ -52,6 +68,7 @@ layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
 layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer IDS {int data_ids[];};
+layout (binding = 4) readonly buffer Counts {int data_expert_count[];};
 #endif
 
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
@@ -73,6 +90,8 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint nbi1;
     uint ne11;
 #else
+    uint base_work_group_z;
+    uint num_batches;
     uint k_split;
     uint ne02;
     uint ne12;
@@ -84,7 +103,6 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 layout (constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 64;
 layout (constant_id = 1) const uint BM = 64;
 layout (constant_id = 2) const uint BN = 64;
-layout (constant_id = 3) const uint BK = 16;  // Assumed to be 32 if working with a quant
 layout (constant_id = 4) const uint WM = 32;
 layout (constant_id = 5) const uint WN = 32;
 layout (constant_id = 6) const uint WMITER = 2;
@@ -93,18 +111,22 @@ layout (constant_id = 8) const uint TN = 2;
 layout (constant_id = 9) const uint TK = 1;  // Only needed for coopmat
 layout (constant_id = 10) const uint WARP = 32;
 
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-#define SHMEM_STRIDE (BK + 8)
+#if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
+#define BK 32
+#define BK_STEP 4
 #else
-#define SHMEM_STRIDE (BK + 1)
+layout (constant_id = 3) const uint BK = 16;  // Assumed to be 32 if working with a quant
+#define BK_STEP 2
 #endif
 
-shared FLOAT_TYPE buf_a[BM * SHMEM_STRIDE];
-shared FLOAT_TYPE buf_b[BN * SHMEM_STRIDE];
+#ifdef COOPMAT
+#define SHMEM_STRIDE (BK / 2 + 4)
+#else
+#define SHMEM_STRIDE (BK / 2 + 1)
+#endif
 
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-shared u16vec2 row_ids[4096];
-#endif // MUL_MAT_ID
+shared FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 buf_a[BM * SHMEM_STRIDE];
+shared FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 buf_b[BN * SHMEM_STRIDE];
 
 #define NUM_WARPS (BLOCK_SIZE / WARP)
 
@@ -112,15 +134,24 @@ shared u16vec2 row_ids[4096];
 shared ACC_TYPE coopmat_stage[TM * TN * NUM_WARPS];
 #endif
 
+#include "mul_mm_id_funcs.glsl"
+#include "mul_mm_funcs.glsl"
+
 void main() {
+    const uint ic = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+    const uint expert_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
+    if (ic * BN >= data_expert_count[expert_idx]) {
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
     init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    const uint expert_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
-#else
-    const uint batch_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+#ifndef MUL_MAT_ID
+    const uint batch_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.z + p.base_work_group_z;
 
     const uint i13 = batch_idx / p.ne12;
     const uint i12 = batch_idx % p.ne12;
@@ -134,7 +165,6 @@ void main() {
     const uint blocks_m = (p.M + BM - 1) / BM;
     const uint ir = gl_WorkGroupID.x % blocks_m;
     const uint ik = gl_WorkGroupID.x / blocks_m;
-    const uint ic = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
 
     const uint WNITER = (WM * WN) / (WARP * TM * TN * WMITER);
     const uint WSUBM = WM / WMITER;
@@ -163,26 +193,36 @@ void main() {
     const uint warp_r = warp_i % (BM / WM);
     const uint warp_c = warp_i / (BM / WM);
 
-    const uint loadr_a = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
-    const uint loadc_a = gl_LocalInvocationID.x / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A);
-    const uint loadr_b = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
-    const uint loadc_b = gl_LocalInvocationID.x / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B);
+    const uint loadr_a = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % (BK / LOAD_VEC_A / LOAD_VEC_BATCH_A);
+    const uint loadc_a = gl_LocalInvocationID.x / (BK / LOAD_VEC_A / LOAD_VEC_BATCH_A);
+    const uint loadr_b = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % (BK / LOAD_VEC_B / LOAD_VEC_BATCH_B);
+    const uint loadc_b = gl_LocalInvocationID.x / (BK / LOAD_VEC_B / LOAD_VEC_BATCH_B);
 
-    const uint loadstride_a = gl_WorkGroupSize.x * LOAD_VEC_A / BK;
-    const uint loadstride_b = gl_WorkGroupSize.x * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
+    const uint loadstride_a = gl_WorkGroupSize.x * LOAD_VEC_A * LOAD_VEC_BATCH_A / BK;
+    const uint loadstride_b = gl_WorkGroupSize.x * LOAD_VEC_B * LOAD_VEC_BATCH_B / BK;
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    uint _ne1 = 0;
-    for (uint ii1 = 0; ii1 < p.nei1; ii1++) {
-        for (uint ii0 = 0; ii0 < p.nei0; ii0++) {
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID_USE_SUBGROUPS
+    if (bitCount(p.nei0) == 1) {
+        load_row_ids(expert_idx, true, ic);
+    } else {
+        load_row_ids(expert_idx, false, ic);
+    }
+#else
+    _ne1 = 0;
+    for (uint ii1 = 0; ii1 < p.nei1 && _ne1 < (ic + 1) * BN; ii1++) {
+        for (uint ii0 = 0; ii0 < p.nei0 && _ne1 < (ic + 1) * BN; ii0++) {
             if (data_ids[ii1*p.nbi1 + ii0] == expert_idx) {
-                row_ids[_ne1] = u16vec2(ii0, ii1);
+                if (_ne1 >= ic * BN) {
+                    row_ids[_ne1 - ic * BN] = u16vec2(ii0, ii1);
+                }
                 _ne1++;
             }
         }
     }
 
     barrier();
+#endif
 
     // Workgroup has no work
     if (ic * BN >= _ne1) return;
@@ -196,13 +236,13 @@ void main() {
     const uint end_k = min(p.K, (ik + 1) * p.k_split);
 #endif
 
-    uint pos_a = (
+    uint pos_a =
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-        expert_idx * p.batch_stride_a +
+        expert_idx * (p.batch_stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A) +
 #else
-        batch_idx_a * p.batch_stride_a +
+        batch_idx_a * (p.batch_stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A) +
 #endif
-        ir * BM * p.stride_a + start_k) / LOAD_VEC_A;
+        (ir * BM * p.stride_a + start_k) / LOAD_VEC_A;
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
     uint pos_b = 0;
 #else
@@ -218,524 +258,29 @@ void main() {
         sums[i] = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0f);
     }
 #else
-    ACC_TYPE sums[WMITER * TM * WNITER * TN];
-    FLOAT_TYPE cache_a[WMITER * TM];
-    FLOAT_TYPE cache_b[TN];
+    ACC_TYPE_VEC2 sums[WMITER * TM * WNITER * TN/2];
+#if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 cache_a[WMITER * TM];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 cache_b;
+#else
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 cache_a[WMITER * TM];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 cache_b;
+#endif
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < WMITER*TM*WNITER*TN; i++) {
-        sums[i] = ACC_TYPE(0.0f);
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < WMITER*TM*WNITER*TN/2; i++) {
+        sums[i] = ACC_TYPE_VEC2(0.0f, 0.0f);
     }
 #endif
 
     for (uint block = start_k; block < end_k; block += BK) {
         [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
-#if LOAD_VEC_A == 8
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][0].x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][0].y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][0].z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][0].w);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 4] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][1].x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 5] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][1].y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 6] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][1].z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 7] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx][1].w);
-#elif LOAD_VEC_A == 4
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].w);
-#else
-            if (ir * BM + loadc_a + l < p.M && block + loadr_a < end_k) {
-                buf_a[(loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a + loadr_a]);
-            } else {
-                buf_a[(loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f);
-            }
-#endif
-#elif defined(DATA_A_BF16)
-#if LOAD_VEC_A == 4
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx].w);
-#else
-            if (ir * BM + loadc_a + l < p.M && block + loadr_a < end_k) {
-                buf_a[(loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a + loadr_a]);
-            } else {
-                buf_a[(loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(uint16_t(0));
-            }
-#endif
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 4 * loadr_a;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 4;
-            const uint iqs = idx & 0x03;
-
-            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
-            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs]) | (uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs + 1]) << 16);
-            const vec4 v0 = (vec4(unpack8(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)) - 8.0f) * d;
-            const vec4 v1 = (vec4(unpack8((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)) - 8.0f) * d;
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx     ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 2 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 3 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.w);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 16] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 17] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 18] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 19] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.w);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_1)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 4 * loadr_a;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 4;
-            const uint iqs = idx & 0x03;
-
-            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
-            const float m = float(data_a_packed16[ib].m);
-            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs]) | (uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs + 1]) << 16);
-            const vec4 v0 = vec4(unpack8(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)) * d + m;
-            const vec4 v1 = vec4(unpack8((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)) * d + m;
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx     ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 2 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 3 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v0.w);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 16] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 17] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 18] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 19] = FLOAT_TYPE(v1.w);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_0)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 2 * loadr_a;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 8;
-            const uint iqs = idx & 0x07;
-
-            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
-            const uint uint_qh = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qh[1]) << 16 | uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qh[0]);
-            const ivec2 qh0 = ivec2(((uint_qh >> 2*iqs) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 12)) & 0x10);
-            const ivec2 qh1 = ivec2(((uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 1)) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 13)) & 0x10);
-
-            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs]);
-            const vec4 v = (vec4((vui & 0xF) | qh0.x, ((vui >> 4) & 0xF) | qh0.y, ((vui >> 8) & 0xF) | qh1.x, (vui >> 12) | qh1.y) - 16.0f) * d;
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx     ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 16] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 17] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.w);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 2 * loadr_a;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 8;
-            const uint iqs = idx & 0x07;
-
-            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
-            const float m = float(data_a_packed16[ib].m);
-            const uint uint_qh = data_a_packed16[ib].qh;
-            const ivec2 qh0 = ivec2(((uint_qh >> 2*iqs) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 12)) & 0x10);
-            const ivec2 qh1 = ivec2(((uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 1)) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 13)) & 0x10);
-
-            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs]);
-            const vec4 v = vec4((vui & 0xF) | qh0.x, ((vui >> 4) & 0xF) | qh0.y, ((vui >> 8) & 0xF) | qh1.x, (vui >> 12) | qh1.y) * d + m;
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx     ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 16] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 17] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.w);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 8;
-            const uint iqs = idx & 0x07;
-
-            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
-            const i8vec2 v0 = unpack8(int32_t(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs])).xy; // vec4 used due to #12147
-            const i8vec2 v1 = unpack8(int32_t(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs + 1])).xy;
-            const vec4 v = vec4(v0.x, v0.y, v1.x, v1.y) * d;
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.z);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.w);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                         // 2 values per idx
-            const uint iqs = idx % 128;                        // 0..127
-
-            const uint qsi = (iqs / 64) * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2; // 0,2,4..30
-            const uint scalesi = iqs / 8;                      // 0..15
-            const uint qsshift = ((iqs % 64) / 16) * 2;        // 0,2,4,6
-
-            const uvec2 qs = uvec2(data_a[ib].qs[qsi], data_a[ib].qs[qsi + 1]);
-            const uint scales = data_a[ib].scales[scalesi];
-            const vec2 d = vec2(data_a[ib].d);
-
-            const vec2 v = d.x * float(scales & 0xF) * vec2((qs >> qsshift) & 3) - d.y * float(scales >> 4);
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q3_K)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                   // 2 values per idx
-            const uint iqs = idx % 128;                  // 0..127
-
-            const uint n = iqs / 64;                     // 0,1
-            const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;    // 0,2,4..62
-            const uint hmi =          (iqs % 16) * 2;    // 0,2,4..30
-            const uint j = (iqs % 64) / 4;               // 0..3
-            const uint is = iqs / 8;                     // 0..15
-            const uint halfsplit = ((iqs % 64) / 16);    // 0,1,2,3
-            const uint qsshift = halfsplit * 2;          // 0,2,4,6
-            const uint m = 1 << (4 * n + halfsplit);     // 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
-
-            const int8_t us = int8_t(((data_a[ib].scales[is % 8] >> (4 * int(is / 8))) & 0xF)
-                                  | (((data_a[ib].scales[8 + (is % 4)] >> (2 * int(is / 4))) & 3) << 4));
-            const float dl = float(data_a[ib].d) * float(us - 32);
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(dl * float(int8_t((data_a[ib].qs[qsi    ] >> qsshift) & 3) - (((data_a[ib].hmask[hmi    ] & m) != 0) ? 0 : 4)));
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(dl * float(int8_t((data_a[ib].qs[qsi + 1] >> qsshift) & 3) - (((data_a[ib].hmask[hmi + 1] & m) != 0) ? 0 : 4)));
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                 // 2 values per idx
-            const uint iqs = idx % 128;                // 0..127
-
-            const uint n = iqs / 32;                   // 0,1,2,3
-            const uint b = (iqs % 32) / 16;            // 0,1
-            const uint is = 2 * n + b;                 // 0..7
-            const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;  // 0,2,4..126
-
-            const vec2 loadd = vec2(data_a[ib].d);
-
-            const uint scidx0 = (is < 4) ? is : (is + 4);
-            const uint scidx1 = (is < 4) ? is : (is - 4);
-            const uint scidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
-            const uint scidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
-            const uint mbidx0 = is + 4;
-            const uint mbidx1 = (is < 4) ? is + 4 : is;
-            const uint mbidxmask0 = (is < 4) ? 0xF : 0xF0;
-            const uint mbidxshift0 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 4;
-            const uint mbidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
-            const uint mbidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
-
-            const uint8_t sc = uint8_t((data_a[ib].scales[scidx0] & 0xF) | ((data_a[ib].scales[scidx1] & scidxmask1) >> scidxshift1));
-            const uint8_t mbyte = uint8_t((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx0] & mbidxmask0) >> mbidxshift0 | ((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx1] & mbidxmask1) >> mbidxshift1));
-
-            const float d = loadd.x * sc;
-            const float m = -loadd.y * mbyte;
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(fma(d, float((data_a[ib].qs[qsi    ] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF), m));
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(fma(d, float((data_a[ib].qs[qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF), m));
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                 // 2 values per idx
-            const uint iqs = idx % 128;                // 0..127
-
-            const uint n = iqs / 32;                   // 0,1,2,3
-            const uint b = (iqs % 32) / 16;            // 0,1
-            const uint is = 2 * n + b;                 // 0..7
-            const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;  // 0,2,4..126
-            const uint qhi = (iqs % 16) * 2;           // 0,2,4..30
-
-            const uint8_t hm = uint8_t(1 << (iqs / 16));
-
-            const vec2 loadd = vec2(data_a[ib].d);
-
-            const uint scidx0 = (is < 4) ? is : (is + 4);
-            const uint scidx1 = (is < 4) ? is : (is - 4);
-            const uint scidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
-            const uint scidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
-            const uint mbidx0 = is + 4;
-            const uint mbidx1 = (is < 4) ? is + 4 : is;
-            const uint mbidxmask0 = (is < 4) ? 0xF : 0xF0;
-            const uint mbidxshift0 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 4;
-            const uint mbidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
-            const uint mbidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
-
-            const uint8_t sc    = uint8_t((data_a[ib].scales[scidx0] & 0xF)                         | ((data_a[ib].scales[scidx1] & scidxmask1) >> scidxshift1));
-            const uint8_t mbyte = uint8_t(((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx0] & mbidxmask0) >> mbidxshift0) | ((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx1] & mbidxmask1) >> mbidxshift1));
-
-            const float d = loadd.x * sc;
-            const float m = -loadd.y * mbyte;
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(fma(d, float((data_a[ib].qs[qsi    ] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) + float((data_a[ib].qh[qhi    ] & hm) != 0 ? 16 : 0), m));
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(fma(d, float((data_a[ib].qs[qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) + float((data_a[ib].qh[qhi + 1] & hm) != 0 ? 16 : 0), m));
-#elif defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint iqs = idx % 128;                 // 0..127
-
-            const uint n = iqs / 64;                    // 0,1
-            const uint b = (iqs % 64) / 32;             // 0,1
-            const uint is_b = (iqs % 16) / 8;           // 0,1
-            const uint qhshift = ((iqs % 64) / 16) * 2; // 0,2,4,6
-            const uint is = 8 * n + qhshift + is_b;     // 0..15
-            const uint qsi = n * 64 + (iqs % 32) * 2;   // 0,2,4..126
-            const uint qhi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;   // 0,2,4..62
-
-            const float dscale = float(data_a[ib].d) * float(data_a[ib].scales[is]);
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(dscale * float(int8_t(((data_a[ib].ql[qsi    ] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((data_a[ib].qh[qhi    ] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32));
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(dscale * float(int8_t(((data_a[ib].ql[qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((data_a[ib].qh[qhi + 1] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32));
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ1_S)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint ib32 = (idx % 128) / 16;         // 0..7
-            const uint ib8 = (idx % 128) / 4;
-            const int i8 = 2 * int(idx % 4);
-
-            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
-            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[ib8];
-            const float dl = d * (2 * bitfieldExtract(qh, 12, 3) + 1);
-            const float delta = ((qh & 0x8000) != 0) ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
-            const int16_t grid = int16_t(iq1s_grid[qs | (bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(ib8 & 3), 3) << 8)]);
-
-            const ivec2 gvec = ivec2(
-              bitfieldExtract(grid, 2 * (i8), 2),
-              bitfieldExtract(grid, 2 * (i8 + 1), 2)
-            );
-            const vec2 v = dl * (vec2(gvec) + delta);
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ1_M)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint ib8 = (idx % 128) / 4;
-            const uint ib16 = ib8 / 2;
-            const int i8 = 2 * int(idx % 4);
-
-            const uint16_t[4] scales = data_a[ib].scales;
-            const u16vec4 s = u16vec4(scales[0], scales[1], scales[2], scales[3]) >> 12;
-            const float d = float(unpackHalf2x16(s.x | (s.y << 4) | (s.z << 8) | (s.w << 12)).x);
-            const uint sc = scales[ib8 / 8];
-            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[ib8];
-            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib16] >> (4 * (ib8 & 1));
-            const float dl = d * (2 * bitfieldExtract(sc, 3 * int(ib16 & 3), 3) + 1);
-            const float delta = ((qh & 8) != 0) ? -IQ1M_DELTA : IQ1M_DELTA;
-            const int16_t grid = int16_t(iq1s_grid[qs | ((qh & 7) << 8)]);
-            const ivec2 gvec = ivec2(
-              bitfieldExtract(grid, 2 * (i8), 2),
-              bitfieldExtract(grid, 2 * (i8 + 1), 2)
-            );
-            const vec2 v = dl * (vec2(gvec) + delta);
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint ib32 = (idx % 128) / 16;         // 0..7
-            const uint ib8 = (idx / 4) % 4;
-
-            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[8 * ib32 + ib8];
-            const uint signs = pack32(u8vec4(
-                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 4],
-                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 5],
-                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 6],
-                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 7]
-            ));
-            const float db = d * 0.25 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
-            const uint32_t sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * int(ib8), 7);
-            const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (2 * (idx % 4));
-            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
-            const uint grid = iq2xxs_grid[qs][(idx % 4) / 2] >> (16 * (idx & 1));
-            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy); // vec4 used due to #12147
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint ib32 = (idx % 128) / 16;         // 0..7
-            const uint ib8 = (idx / 4) % 4;             // 0..3
-
-            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-            const uint scale = (data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> (2 * (ib8 & 2))) & 0xf;
-            const float db = d * 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
-            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[4 * ib32 + ib8];
-            const uint sign7 = qs >> 9;
-            const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (2 * (idx % 4));
-            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
-            const uint grid = iq2xs_grid[qs & 511][(idx % 4) / 2] >> (16 * (idx & 1));
-            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy); // vec4 used due to #12147
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;        // 2 values per idx
-            const uint ib8 = (idx % 128) / 4; // 0..31
-            const uint ib32 = ib8 / 4;        // 0..7
-
-            const uint scale = (data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> (2 * (ib8 & 2))) & 0xf;
-            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[ib8];
-            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
-            const uint qhshift = 2 * (ib8 % 4);
-            const uint sign = data_a[ib].qs[QUANT_K / 8 + ib8] >> (2 * (idx % 4));
-
-            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-            const float db = d * 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
-            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
-            const uint16_t grid = unpack16(iq2s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - qhshift)) & 0x300)][(idx & 2) >> 1])[idx & 1];
-            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(uint32_t(grid)).xy); // vec4 used due to #12147
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint iqs = (idx % 128) / 2;           // 0..63
-            const uint is = QUANT_K / 4 + 4 * (iqs / 8); // 8 values
-
-            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[iqs];
-            const uint signs = pack32(u8vec4(
-                data_a[ib].qs[is+0],
-                data_a[ib].qs[is+1],
-                data_a[ib].qs[is+2],
-                data_a[ib].qs[is+3]
-            ));
-            const float db = d * 0.5 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
-            const uint32_t sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * (int(iqs / 2) % 4), 7);
-            const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (2 * (idx % 4));
-            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
-            const uint grid = iq3xxs_grid[qs] >> (16 * (idx & 1));
-            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy); // vec4 used due to #12147
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint iqs = (idx % 128) / 2;           // 0..63
-            const uint iqh = iqs / 8;
-
-            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[iqs];
-            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[iqh];
-            const int8_t sign = int8_t(data_a[ib].signs[iqs / 2] >> (2 * (idx % 4)));
-            const uint scale = data_a[ib].scales[iqs / 16];
-            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(sign << 1, sign)));
-            const float db = d * (1 + 2 * ((scale >> (4 * (iqh & 1))) & 0xf));
-            const uint32_t grid = iq3s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - (iqs % 8))) & 256)] >> (16 * (idx % 2));
-            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy); // vec4 used due to #12147
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ4_XS)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
-            const uint ib32 = (idx % 128) / 16;         // 0..7
-            const uint iq = 16 * ib32 + 2 * (idx % 8);
-
-            const uint sl = (data_a[ib].scales_l[ib32/2] >> (4 * (ib32 & 1))) & 0xF;
-            const uint sh = ((data_a[ib].scales_h) >> (2 * ib32)) & 3;
-            const uint qshift = (idx & 8) >> 1;
-            u8vec2 qs = u8vec2(data_a[ib].qs[iq], data_a[ib].qs[iq + 1]);
-            qs = (qs >> qshift) & uint8_t(0xF);
-
-            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
-            const vec2 v = d * float(int(sl | (sh << 4)) - 32) * vec2(kvalues_iq4nl[qs.x], kvalues_iq4nl[qs.y]);
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
-#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 2 * loadr_a;
-
-            const uint ib = idx / 8;
-            const uint iqs = idx & 0x07;
-
-            const FLOAT_TYPE d = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
-            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs]);
-
-            buf_a[buf_idx     ] = FLOAT_TYPE(kvalues_iq4nl[vui & 0xF]) * d;
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 1 ] = FLOAT_TYPE(kvalues_iq4nl[bitfieldExtract(vui, 8, 4)]) * d;
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 16] = FLOAT_TYPE(kvalues_iq4nl[bitfieldExtract(vui, 4, 4)]) * d;
-            buf_a[buf_idx + 17] = FLOAT_TYPE(kvalues_iq4nl[vui >> 12]) * d;
-#endif
+            load_a_to_shmem(pos_a, loadr_a, loadc_a + l, ir * BM + loadc_a + l, block, end_k);
         }
         [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
-#if LOAD_VEC_B == 8
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-            const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[ic * BN + loadc_b + l];
-            const uint idx = pos_b + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
-#else
-            const uint idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
-#endif
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_b + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B;
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 0] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][0].x);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][0].y);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 2] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][0].z);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 3] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][0].w);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 4] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][1].x);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 5] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][1].y);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 6] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][1].z);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 7] = FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx][1].w);
-#elif LOAD_VEC_B == 4
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-            const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[ic * BN + loadc_b + l];
-            const uint idx = pos_b + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
-#else
-            const uint idx = pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
-#endif
-            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_b + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_b * LOAD_VEC_B;
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 0] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx].x);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 1] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx].y);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 2] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx].z);
-            buf_b[buf_idx + 3] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx].w);
-#elif !MUL_MAT_ID
-            if (ic * BN + loadc_b + l < p.N && block + loadr_b < end_k) {
-                buf_b[(loadc_b + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_b] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[pos_b + (loadc_b + l) * p.stride_b + loadr_b]);
-            } else {
-                buf_b[(loadc_b + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_b] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f);
-            }
+#if !defined(MUL_MAT_ID)
+            load_b_to_shmem(pos_b, loadr_b, loadc_b + l, ic * BN + loadc_b + l, block, end_k);
 #else
-            const uint row_i = ic * BN + loadc_b + l;
-            if (row_i < _ne1) {
-                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i];
-                buf_b[(loadc_b + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_b] = TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[pos_b + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b + loadr_b]);
-            } else {
-                buf_b[(loadc_b + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_b] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f);
-            }
+            load_b_to_shmem(pos_b, loadr_b, loadc_b + l, ic, _ne1, block, end_k);
 #endif
         }
 
@@ -748,48 +293,82 @@ void main() {
         [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < BK; i += TK) {
             [[unroll]] for (uint cm_row = 0; cm_row < cms_per_row; cm_row++) {
                 // Load from shared into cache
-                coopMatLoad(cache_a, buf_a, (warp_r * WM + cm_row * TM) * SHMEM_STRIDE + i, SHMEM_STRIDE, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
+                coopMatLoad(cache_a, buf_a, (warp_r * WM + cm_row * TM) * SHMEM_STRIDE + i / 2, SHMEM_STRIDE, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
 
                 [[unroll]] for (uint cm_col = 0; cm_col < cms_per_col; cm_col++) {
-                    coopMatLoad(cache_b, buf_b, (warp_c * WN + cm_col * TN) * SHMEM_STRIDE + i, SHMEM_STRIDE, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
+                    coopMatLoad(cache_b, buf_b, (warp_c * WN + cm_col * TN) * SHMEM_STRIDE + i / 2, SHMEM_STRIDE, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
 
                     sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row] = coopMatMulAdd(cache_a, cache_b, sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row]);
                 }
             }
         }
 #else
-        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < BK; i++) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < BK / BK_STEP; i++) {
             // Load from shared into cache
             [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
                 [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < TM; j++) {
+                #if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
+                    cache_a[wsir * TM + j].xy = buf_a[(warp_r * WM + wsir * WSUBM + tiwr * TM + j) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 2 * i    ];
+                    cache_a[wsir * TM + j].zw = buf_a[(warp_r * WM + wsir * WSUBM + tiwr * TM + j) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 2 * i + 1];
+                #else
                     cache_a[wsir * TM + j] = buf_a[(warp_r * WM + wsir * WSUBM + tiwr * TM + j) * SHMEM_STRIDE + i];
+                #endif
                 }
             }
-            [[unroll]] for (uint wsic = 0; wsic < WNITER; wsic++) {
-                [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < TN; j++) {
-                    cache_b[j] = buf_b[(warp_c * WN + wsic * WSUBN + tiwc * TN + j) * SHMEM_STRIDE + i];
-                }
 
-                [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
-                        [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
-                            const uint sums_idx = (wsic * TN + cc) * (WMITER * TM) + wsir * TM + cr;
-                            sums[sums_idx] = fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + cr]), ACC_TYPE(cache_b[cc]), sums[sums_idx]);
+            [[unroll]] for (uint wsic = 0; wsic < WNITER; wsic++) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
+                #if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
+                    cache_b.xy = buf_b[(warp_c * WN + wsic * WSUBN + tiwc * TN + cc) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 2 * i    ];
+                    cache_b.zw = buf_b[(warp_c * WN + wsic * WSUBN + tiwc * TN + cc) * SHMEM_STRIDE + 2 * i + 1];
+                #else
+                    cache_b = buf_b[(warp_c * WN + wsic * WSUBN + tiwc * TN + cc) * SHMEM_STRIDE + i];
+                #endif
+
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
+                        [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM / 2; cr++) {
+                            // [WNITER][TN][WMITER][TM / 2] -> [wsic][cc][wsir][cr]
+                            const uint sums_idx = (wsic * TN + cc) * WMITER * (TM / 2) + wsir * (TM / 2) + cr;
+                        #if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
+                            sums[sums_idx].x = fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr    ].x), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.x), fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr    ].y), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.y),
+                                               fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr    ].z), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.z), fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr    ].w), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.w), sums[sums_idx].x))));
+                            sums[sums_idx].y = fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr + 1].x), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.x), fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr + 1].y), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.y),
+                                               fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr + 1].z), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.z), fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr + 1].w), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.w), sums[sums_idx].y))));
+                        #else
+                            sums[sums_idx].x = fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr    ].x), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.x), fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr    ].y), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.y), sums[sums_idx].x));
+                            sums[sums_idx].y = fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr + 1].x), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.x), fma(ACC_TYPE(cache_a[wsir * TM + 2 * cr + 1].y), ACC_TYPE(cache_b.y), sums[sums_idx].y));
+                        #endif
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
+
         }
 #endif
 
         barrier();
     }
 
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+#ifdef COOPMAT
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < cms_per_row * cms_per_col; j++) {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < sums[j].length(); ++i) {
+            sums[j][i] = clamp(sums[j][i], -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX);
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < WMITER*TM*WNITER*TN/2; i++) {
+        sums[i].x = clamp(sums[i].x, -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX);
+        sums[i].y = clamp(sums[i].y, -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX);
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+
     const uint dr = ir * BM + warp_r * WM;
     const uint dc = ic * BN + warp_c * WN;
 
 #ifndef MUL_MAT_ID
-    const uint offsets = batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d + ik * p.batch_stride_d * gl_NumWorkGroups.z;
+    const uint offsets = batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d + ik * p.batch_stride_d * p.num_batches;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef COOPMAT
@@ -798,14 +377,18 @@ void main() {
         [[unroll]] for (uint cm_col = 0; cm_col < cms_per_col; cm_col++) {
             coopMatStore(sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row], coopmat_stage, warp_i * TM * TN, TM, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
 
+            barrier();
             [[unroll]] for (uint col = 0; col < TN; col += storestride) {
                 const uint row_i = dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c;
                 if (row_i >= _ne1) break;
 
-                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i];
+                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i - ic * BN];
 
-                data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM + store_r] = D_TYPE(coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (col + store_c) * TM + store_r]);
+                if (dr + cm_row * TM + store_r < p.M) {
+                    data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM + store_r] = D_TYPE(coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (col + store_c) * TM + store_r]);
+                }
             }
+            barrier();
         }
     }
 #else
@@ -823,18 +406,22 @@ void main() {
                 // Full coopMat is within bounds, but stride_d is not aligned
                 coopMatStore(sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row], coopmat_stage, warp_i * TM * TN, TM, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
 
+                controlBarrier(gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_StorageSemanticsShared, gl_SemanticsAcquireRelease);
                 [[unroll]] for (uint col = 0; col < TN; col += storestride) {
                     data_d[offsets + (dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c) * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM + store_r] = D_TYPE(coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (col + store_c) * TM + store_r]);
                 }
+                controlBarrier(gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_StorageSemanticsShared, gl_SemanticsAcquireRelease);
             } else if (dr + cm_row * TM < p.M && dc + cm_col * TN < p.N) {
                 // Partial coopMat is within bounds
                 coopMatStore(sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row], coopmat_stage, warp_i * TM * TN, TM, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
 
+                controlBarrier(gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_StorageSemanticsShared, gl_SemanticsAcquireRelease);
                 [[unroll]] for (uint col = 0; col < TN; col += storestride) {
                     if (dr + cm_row * TM + store_r < p.M && dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c < p.N) {
                         data_d[offsets + (dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c) * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM + store_r] = D_TYPE(coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (col + store_c) * TM + store_r]);
                     }
                 }
+                controlBarrier(gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_ScopeSubgroup, gl_StorageSemanticsShared, gl_SemanticsAcquireRelease);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -850,14 +437,23 @@ void main() {
                 const uint row_i = dc_warp + cc;
                 if (row_i >= _ne1) break;
 
-                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i];
+                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i - ic * BN];
 #endif // MUL_MAT_ID
-                [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM / 2; cr++) {
+                    const uint sums_idx = (wsic * TN + cc) * WMITER * (TM / 2) + wsir * (TM / 2) + cr;
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-                    data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr_warp + cr] = D_TYPE(sums[(wsic * TN + cc) * (WMITER * TM) + wsir * TM + cr]);
+                    if (dr_warp + 2 * cr < p.M) {
+                        data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr_warp + 2 * cr] = D_TYPE(sums[sums_idx].x);
+                    }
+                    if (dr_warp + 2 * cr + 1 < p.M) {
+                        data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr_warp + 2 * cr + 1] = D_TYPE(sums[sums_idx].y);
+                    }
 #else
-                    if (dr_warp + cr < p.M && dc_warp + cc < p.N) {
-                        data_d[offsets + (dc_warp + cc) * p.stride_d + dr_warp + cr] = D_TYPE(sums[(wsic * TN + cc) * (WMITER * TM) + wsir * TM + cr]);
+                    if (dr_warp + 2 * cr < p.M && dc_warp + cc < p.N) {
+                        data_d[offsets + (dc_warp + cc) * p.stride_d + dr_warp + 2 * cr] = D_TYPE(sums[sums_idx].x);
+                    }
+                    if (dr_warp + 2 * cr + 1 < p.M && dc_warp + cc < p.N) {
+                        data_d[offsets + (dc_warp + cc) * p.stride_d + dr_warp + 2 * cr + 1] = D_TYPE(sums[sums_idx].y);
                     }
 #endif // MUL_MAT_ID
                 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp
index 91846575732..497a18ff8a7 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_bfloat16 : enable
 #endif
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "utils.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -52,6 +53,8 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint nbi1;
     uint ne11;
 #else
+    uint base_work_group_z;
+    uint num_batches;
     uint k_split;
     uint ne02;
     uint ne12;
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 #if QUANT_K > 1
 #define DECODEFUNCA , dequantFuncA
 
-#include "dequant_funcs_cm2.comp"
+#include "dequant_funcs_cm2.glsl"
 
 #else
 #define DECODEFUNCA
@@ -91,24 +94,22 @@ layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
 layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer IDS {int data_ids[];};
+layout (binding = 4) readonly buffer Counts {int data_expert_count[];};
 
-shared u16vec4 row_ids[4096];
+shared u16vec4 row_ids[BN];
 
 layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufB {
    B_TYPE b[];
 };
 
 uint _ne1;
-shared uint _ne1_sh;
+layout (constant_id = 5) const uint subgroup_size = 32;
+shared uvec4 ballots_sh[BLOCK_SIZE / subgroup_size];
 
 B_TYPE decodeFuncB(const in decodeBufB bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
 {
     const uint row_i = blockCoords[0];
 
-    if (row_i >= _ne1) {
-        return B_TYPE(0.0);
-    }
-
     const u16vec4 row_idx = row_ids[row_i];
     B_TYPE ret = data_b[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b + row_idx.x * p.stride_b + blockCoords[1]];
 
@@ -121,26 +122,104 @@ D_TYPE perElemOpD(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in D_TYPE elem
     uint dc = ic * BN + c;
 
     if (dr < p.M && dc < _ne1) {
-        uint row_i = dc;
+        uint row_i = c;
         const u16vec4 row_idx = row_ids[row_i];
         data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.z * p.stride_d + dr] = elem;
     }
     return elem;
 }
 
+void load_row_ids(uint expert_idx, bool nei0_is_pow2, uint ic) {
+    _ne1 = 0;
+    uint num_elements = p.nei1 * p.nei0;
+    uint nei0shift = findLSB(p.nei0);
+
+    uint ids[16];
+    uint iter = 0;
+
+    uint expert_count = data_expert_count[expert_idx];
+
+    for (uint j = 0; j < num_elements; j += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        // prefetch up to 16 elements
+        if (iter == 0) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint k = 0; k < 16; ++k) {
+                uint i = j + gl_LocalInvocationIndex + k*BLOCK_SIZE;
+                bool in_range = i < num_elements;
+                uint ii1;
+                if (nei0_is_pow2) {
+                    ii1 = i >> nei0shift;
+                } else {
+                    ii1 = i / p.nei0;
+                }
+                uint ii0 = i - ii1 * p.nei0;
+                ids[k] = in_range ? data_ids[ii1*p.nbi1 + ii0] : 0;
+            }
+        }
+        uint i = j + gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+        bool in_range = i < num_elements;
+        uint ii1;
+        if (nei0_is_pow2) {
+            ii1 = i >> nei0shift;
+        } else {
+            ii1 = i / p.nei0;
+        }
+        uint ii0 = i - ii1 * p.nei0;
+        uint id = ids[iter++];
+        uvec4 ballot = subgroupBallot(in_range && id == expert_idx);
+
+        if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+            ballots_sh[gl_SubgroupID] = ballot;
+        }
+        barrier();
+
+        uint subgroup_base = 0;
+        uint total = 0;
+        for (uint k = 0; k < gl_NumSubgroups; ++k) {
+            if (k == gl_SubgroupID) {
+                subgroup_base = total;
+            }
+            total += subgroupBallotBitCount(ballots_sh[k]);
+        }
+        barrier();
+
+        uint idx = subgroup_base + subgroupBallotExclusiveBitCount(ballot);
+        if (in_range && id == expert_idx && _ne1 + idx >= ic * BN && _ne1 + idx < (ic + 1) * BN) {
+            row_ids[_ne1 + idx - ic * BN] = u16vec4(fastmod(ii0, p.ne11), ii1, ii0, 0);
+        }
+        _ne1 += total;
+        iter &= 15;
+        if (_ne1 >= (ic + 1) * BN || _ne1 == expert_count) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
 #endif
 
 void main() {
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+    const uint ic = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+    const uint expert_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
+    if (ic * BN >= data_expert_count[expert_idx]) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // initialize to row 0 so we don't need to bounds check
+    if (tid < BN) {
+        row_ids[tid] = u16vec4(0);
+    }
+#if !defined(NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM)
+    barrier();
+#endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
     init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
-    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
-
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    const uint expert_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
-#else
-    const uint batch_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+#ifndef MUL_MAT_ID
+    const uint batch_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.z + p.base_work_group_z;
 
     const uint i13 = batch_idx / p.ne12;
     const uint i12 = batch_idx % p.ne12;
@@ -154,33 +233,14 @@ void main() {
     const uint blocks_m = (p.M + BM - 1) / BM;
     const uint ir = gl_WorkGroupID.x % blocks_m;
     const uint ik = gl_WorkGroupID.x / blocks_m;
-    const uint ic = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    // Spread the search across all elements in the first subgroup
-    if (gl_SubgroupID == 0) {
-        _ne1 = 0;
-        uint num_elements = p.nei1 * p.nei0;
-
-        for (uint i = gl_SubgroupInvocationID; subgroupAny(i < num_elements); i += gl_SubgroupSize) {
-            bool in_range = i < num_elements;
-            uint ii0 = i % p.nei0;
-            uint ii1 = i / p.nei0;
-            uint id = in_range ? data_ids[ii1*p.nbi1 + ii0] : 0;
-            uvec4 ballot = subgroupBallot(in_range && id == expert_idx);
-            uint idx = subgroupBallotExclusiveBitCount(ballot);
-            if (in_range && id == expert_idx) {
-                row_ids[_ne1 + idx] = u16vec4(ii0 % p.ne11, ii1, ii0, 0);
-            }
-            _ne1 += subgroupBallotBitCount(ballot);
-        }
-        _ne1_sh = _ne1;
+    if (bitCount(p.nei0) == 1) {
+        load_row_ids(expert_idx, true, ic);
+    } else {
+        load_row_ids(expert_idx, false, ic);
     }
 
-    barrier();
-
-    _ne1 = _ne1_sh;
-
     // Workgroup has no work
     if (ic * BN >= _ne1) return;
 #endif
@@ -194,12 +254,12 @@ void main() {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    uint pos_a = (expert_idx * p.batch_stride_a) / QUANT_K;
+    uint pos_a = expert_idx * (p.batch_stride_a / QUANT_K);
     uint pos_b = 0;
 #else
-    uint pos_a = (batch_idx_a * p.batch_stride_a) / QUANT_K;
+    uint pos_a = batch_idx_a * (p.batch_stride_a / QUANT_K);
     uint pos_b = batch_idx * p.batch_stride_b;
-    uint pos_d = batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d + ik * p.batch_stride_d * gl_NumWorkGroups.z;
+    uint pos_d = batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d + ik * p.batch_stride_d * p.num_batches;
 #endif
 
     uint stride_a = p.stride_a / QUANT_K;
@@ -220,7 +280,6 @@ void main() {
     tensorLayoutNV<2> tensorLayoutB = createTensorLayoutNV(2);
     tensorLayoutNV<2, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV> tensorLayoutBClamp = createTensorLayoutNV(2, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV);
     tensorLayoutNV<2, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV> tensorLayoutD = createTensorLayoutNV(2, gl_CooperativeMatrixClampModeConstantNV);
-    tensorLayoutD = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutD, p.stride_d, 1);
 
 #if QUANT_K > 1
     tensorLayoutA = setTensorLayoutBlockSizeNV(tensorLayoutA, 1, QUANT_K);
@@ -236,6 +295,8 @@ void main() {
     tensorLayoutAClamp = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutAClamp, p.M, end_k);
     tensorLayoutBClamp = setTensorLayoutDimensionNV(tensorLayoutBClamp, p.padded_N, end_k);
 
+    tensorLayoutD = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutD, p.stride_d, 1);
+
     tensorViewNV<2, false, 1, 0> tensorViewTranspose = createTensorViewNV(2, false, 1, 0);
 
 #if !defined(MUL_MAT_ID)
@@ -304,6 +365,10 @@ void main() {
                 sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
                 block_k += BK;
             }
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < sum.length(); ++i) { sum[i] = clamp(sum[i], -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX); }
+#endif
+
             coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mat_d = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(sum);
 
             coopMatStoreTensorNV(mat_d, data_d, pos_d, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutD, ic * BN, BNover4, ir * BM, BM), tensorViewTranspose);
@@ -343,6 +408,10 @@ void main() {
                 sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
                 block_k += BK;
             }
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < sum.length(); ++i) { sum[i] = clamp(sum[i], -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX); }
+#endif
+
             coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mat_d = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(sum);
 
             coopMatStoreTensorNV(mat_d, data_d, pos_d, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutD, ic * BN, BNover2, ir * BM, BM), tensorViewTranspose);
@@ -383,6 +452,10 @@ void main() {
                 sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
                 block_k += BK;
             }
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < sum.length(); ++i) { sum[i] = clamp(sum[i], -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX); }
+#endif
+
             coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mat_d = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(sum);
 
             coopMatStoreTensorNV(mat_d, data_d, pos_d, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutD, ic * BN, BN, ir * BM, BM), tensorViewTranspose);
@@ -399,33 +472,143 @@ void main() {
 
         tensorLayoutBClamp = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutBClamp, stride_b, 1);
 
-        coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> sum;
-        sum = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0);
-
         uint k_iters = (end_k - start_k + BK - 1) / BK;
 
         fetch_scales(ir * BM, pos_a, stride_a, start_k, tid, false);
+        store_scales(tid);
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+        if (enable_smaller_matrices && ic * BN + BNover4 >= _ne1) {
+            coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> sum;
+            sum = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0);
+
+            [[dont_unroll]]
+            for (uint block_k = start_k, i = 0; i < k_iters; block_k += BK, ++i) {
+
+                if ((block_k % QUANT_K) == 0) {
+                    store_scales(tid);
+                }
+                if (block_k + BK < end_k && ((block_k + BK) % QUANT_K) == 0) {
+                    fetch_scales(ir * BM, pos_a, stride_a, block_k + BK, tid, false);
+                }
+
+                if ((ir + 1) * BM <= p.M && block_k + BK <= end_k) {
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutA, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, 0, BNover4, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose, decodeFuncB);
+
+                    sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
+                } else {
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutAClamp, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, 0, BNover4, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose, decodeFuncB);
+
+                    sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
+                }
+            }
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < sum.length(); ++i) { sum[i] = clamp(sum[i], -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX); }
+#endif
+
+            // Convert from ACC_TYPE to D_TYPE
+            coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mat_d;
+            mat_d = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover4, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(sum);
+
+            // Call callback to store each element, remapping row through shared memory
+            coopMatPerElementNV(mat_d, mat_d, perElemOpD, ir, ic);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (enable_smaller_matrices && ic * BN + BNover2 >= _ne1) {
+            coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> sum;
+            sum = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0);
+
+            [[dont_unroll]]
+            for (uint block_k = start_k, i = 0; i < k_iters; block_k += BK, ++i) {
+
+                if ((block_k % QUANT_K) == 0) {
+                    store_scales(tid);
+                }
+                if (block_k + BK < end_k && ((block_k + BK) % QUANT_K) == 0) {
+                    fetch_scales(ir * BM, pos_a, stride_a, block_k + BK, tid, false);
+                }
+
+                if ((ir + 1) * BM <= p.M && block_k + BK <= end_k) {
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutA, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, 0, BNover2, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose, decodeFuncB);
+
+                    sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
+                } else {
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+                    coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutAClamp, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
+                    coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, 0, BNover2, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose, decodeFuncB);
+
+                    sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
+                }
+            }
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < sum.length(); ++i) { sum[i] = clamp(sum[i], -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX); }
+#endif
+
+            // Convert from ACC_TYPE to D_TYPE
+            coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mat_d;
+            mat_d = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BNover2, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(sum);
+
+            // Call callback to store each element, remapping row through shared memory
+            coopMatPerElementNV(mat_d, mat_d, perElemOpD, ir, ic);
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> sum;
+        sum = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0);
 
         [[dont_unroll]]
         for (uint block_k = start_k, i = 0; i < k_iters; block_k += BK, ++i) {
 
-            store_scales(tid);
-            if (block_k + BK < end_k) {
+            if ((block_k % QUANT_K) == 0) {
+                store_scales(tid);
+            }
+            if (block_k + BK < end_k && ((block_k + BK) % QUANT_K) == 0) {
                 fetch_scales(ir * BM, pos_a, stride_a, block_k + BK, tid, false);
             }
 
-            coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
-            coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+            if ((ir + 1) * BM <= p.M && block_k + BK <= end_k) {
+                coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+                coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+
+                coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutA, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+                coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, 0, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose, decodeFuncB);
+#else
+                coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutBClamp, ic * BN, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose);
+#endif
 
-            coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutAClamp, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
+                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
+            } else {
+                coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+                coopmat<MAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+
+                coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutAClamp, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-            coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, ic * BN, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose, decodeFuncB);
+                coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, 0, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose, decodeFuncB);
 #else
-            coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutBClamp, ic * BN, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose);
+                coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutBClamp, ic * BN, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose);
 #endif
 
-            sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
+                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
+            }
         }
+#if defined(ACC_TYPE_MAX)
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < sum.length(); ++i) { sum[i] = clamp(sum[i], -ACC_TYPE_MAX, ACC_TYPE_MAX); }
+#endif
 
         // Convert from ACC_TYPE to D_TYPE
         coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> mat_d;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_funcs.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_funcs.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce7f2d699a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_funcs.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+void load_a_to_shmem(const uint pos_a, const uint row, const uint col, const uint idx_m, const uint block, const uint end_k) {
+#if defined(DATA_A_F32) || defined(DATA_A_F16)
+#if LOAD_VEC_A == 8
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8 aa = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8(data_a[idx]);
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = aa[0].xy;
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = aa[0].zw;
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = aa[1].xy;
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = aa[1].zw;
+#elif LOAD_VEC_A == 4
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 aa = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4(data_a[idx]);
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = aa.xy;
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = aa.zw;
+#else // LOAD_VEC_BATCH_A == 2
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a + row * 2;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row;
+            if (idx_m < p.M && block + row * 2 + 1 < end_k) {
+                buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a[idx],
+                                                 data_a[idx + 1]);
+            } else if (idx_m < p.M && block + row * 2 < end_k) {
+                buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a[idx], 0.0f);
+            } else {
+                buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(0.0f);
+            }
+#endif
+#elif defined(DATA_A_BF16)
+#if LOAD_VEC_A == 4
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 aa = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx]));
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = aa.xy;
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = aa.zw;
+#else // LOAD_VEC_BATCH_A == 2
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a + row * 2;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row;
+            if (idx_m < p.M && block + row * 2 + 1 < end_k) {
+                buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx]),
+                                                 TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx + 1]));
+            } else if (idx_m < p.M && block + row * 2 < end_k) {
+                buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[idx]), 0.0f);
+            } else {
+                buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(0.0f);
+            }
+#endif
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 4;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 4;
+            const uint iqs = idx & 0x03;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
+            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs]) | (uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs + 1]) << 16);
+            const vec4 v0 = (vec4(unpack8(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)) - 8.0f) * d;
+            const vec4 v1 = (vec4(unpack8((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)) - 8.0f) * d;
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v0.xy);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v0.zw);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 8] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v1.xy);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 9] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v1.zw);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_1)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 4;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 4;
+            const uint iqs = idx & 0x03;
+
+            const vec2 dm = vec2(data_a_packed32[ib].dm);
+            const uint vui = data_a_packed32[ib].qs[iqs];
+            const vec4 v0 = vec4(unpack8(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)) * dm.x + dm.y;
+            const vec4 v1 = vec4(unpack8((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)) * dm.x + dm.y;
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx     ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v0.xy);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1 ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v0.zw);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 8 ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v1.xy);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 9 ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v1.zw);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_0)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 4;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 8;
+            const uint iqs = idx & 0x07;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
+            const uint uint_qh = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qh[1]) << 16 | uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qh[0]);
+            const ivec2 qh0 = ivec2(((uint_qh >> 2*iqs) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 12)) & 0x10);
+            const ivec2 qh1 = ivec2(((uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 1)) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (2*iqs + 13)) & 0x10);
+
+            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs]);
+            const vec4 v = (vec4((vui & 0xF) | qh0.x, ((vui >> 4) & 0xF) | qh0.y, ((vui >> 8) & 0xF) | qh1.x, (vui >> 12) | qh1.y) - 16.0f) * d;
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v.xz);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 8] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v.yw);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 4;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 4;
+            const uint iqs = idx & 0x03;
+
+            const vec2 dm = vec2(data_a_packed32[ib].dm);
+            const uint uint_qh = data_a_packed32[ib].qh;
+            const uvec2 qh0 = uvec2(((uint_qh >> 4*iqs) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (4*iqs + 12)) & 0x10);
+            const uvec2 qh1 = uvec2(((uint_qh >> (4*iqs + 1)) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (4*iqs + 13)) & 0x10);
+            const uvec2 qh2 = uvec2(((uint_qh >> (4*iqs + 2)) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (4*iqs + 14)) & 0x10);
+            const uvec2 qh3 = uvec2(((uint_qh >> (4*iqs + 3)) << 4) & 0x10, (uint_qh >> (4*iqs + 15)) & 0x10);
+
+            const uint vui = data_a_packed32[ib].qs[iqs];
+            const vec4 v0 = vec4((vui & 0xF) | qh0.x, ((vui >> 4) & 0xF) | qh0.y, ((vui >> 8) & 0xF) | qh1.x, ((vui >> 12) & 0xF) | qh1.y) * dm.x + dm.y;
+            const vec4 v1 = vec4(((vui >> 16) & 0xF) | qh2.x, ((vui >> 20) & 0xF) | qh2.y, ((vui >> 24) & 0xF) | qh3.x, ((vui >> 28) & 0xF) | qh3.y) * dm.x + dm.y;
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v0.xz);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v1.xz);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 8] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v0.yw);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 9] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v1.yw);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 8;
+            const uint iqs = idx & 0x07;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
+            const i8vec2 v0 = unpack8(int32_t(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs])).xy; // vec4 used due to #12147
+            const i8vec2 v1 = unpack8(int32_t(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[2*iqs + 1])).xy;
+            const vec4 v = vec4(v0.x, v0.y, v1.x, v1.y) * d;
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v.xy);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v.zw);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 64;                          // 4 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = (idx % 64) * 2;                   // 0,2,4..126
+
+            const uint qsi = (iqs / 64) * 16 + (iqs % 16);     // 0..15
+            const uint scalesi = iqs / 8;                      // 0..15
+            const uint qsshift = ((iqs % 64) / 16) * 2;        // 0,2,4,6
+
+            const vec4 qs = vec4(unpack8((data_a_packed32[ib].qs[qsi / 2] >> qsshift) & 0x03030303));
+            const uint scales = data_a[ib].scales[scalesi];
+            const vec2 dm = vec2(data_a[ib].dm);
+
+            const vec4 v = dm.x * float(scales & 0xF) * qs - dm.y * float(scales >> 4);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v.xy);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v.zw);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q3_K)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;                   // 2 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = idx % 128;                  // 0..127
+
+            const uint n = iqs / 64;                     // 0,1
+            const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;    // 0,2,4..62
+            const uint hmi =          (iqs % 16) * 2;    // 0,2,4..30
+            const uint j = (iqs % 64) / 4;               // 0..3
+            const uint is = iqs / 8;                     // 0..15
+            const uint halfsplit = ((iqs % 64) / 16);    // 0,1,2,3
+            const uint qsshift = halfsplit * 2;          // 0,2,4,6
+
+            const int8_t us = int8_t(((data_a[ib].scales[is % 8] >> (4 * int(is / 8))) & 0xF)
+                                  | (((data_a[ib].scales[8 + (is % 4)] >> (2 * int(is / 4))) & 3) << 4));
+            const float dl = float(data_a[ib].d) * float(us - 32);
+
+            const vec2 qs = vec2(unpack8((uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[qsi / 2]) >> qsshift) & 0x0303).xy);
+            const vec2 hm = vec2(unpack8(((uint(data_a_packed16[ib].hmask[hmi / 2]) >> (4 * n + halfsplit)) & 0x0101 ^ 0x0101) << 2).xy);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(dl * (qs.x - hm.x),
+                                             dl * (qs.y - hm.y));
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 64;                  // 4 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = (idx % 64) * 2;           // 0,2,4..126
+
+            const uint n = iqs / 32;                   // 0,1,2,3
+            const uint b = (iqs % 32) / 16;            // 0,1
+            const uint is = 2 * n + b;                 // 0..7
+            const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;  // 0,2,4..126
+
+            const vec2 loadd = vec2(data_a[ib].dm);
+
+            const uint scidx0 = (is < 4) ? is : (is + 4);
+            const uint scidx1 = (is < 4) ? is : (is - 4);
+            const uint scidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+            const uint scidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+            const uint mbidx0 = is + 4;
+            const uint mbidx1 = (is < 4) ? is + 4 : is;
+            const uint mbidxmask0 = (is < 4) ? 0xF : 0xF0;
+            const uint mbidxshift0 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 4;
+            const uint mbidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+            const uint mbidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+
+            const uint8_t sc = uint8_t((data_a[ib].scales[scidx0] & 0xF) | ((data_a[ib].scales[scidx1] & scidxmask1) >> scidxshift1));
+            const uint8_t mbyte = uint8_t((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx0] & mbidxmask0) >> mbidxshift0 | ((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx1] & mbidxmask1) >> mbidxshift1));
+
+            const float d = loadd.x * sc;
+            const float m = -loadd.y * mbyte;
+
+            const vec4 q = vec4(unpack8((data_a_packed32[ib].qs[qsi / 4] >> (b * 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(fma(d, q.x, m), fma(d, q.y, m));
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(fma(d, q.z, m), fma(d, q.w, m));
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 64;                  // 4 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = (idx % 64) * 2;           // 0,2,4..126
+
+            const uint n = iqs / 32;                   // 0,1,2,3
+            const uint b = (iqs % 32) / 16;            // 0,1
+            const uint is = 2 * n + b;                 // 0..7
+            const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 16) * 2;  // 0,2,4..126
+            const uint qhi = (iqs % 16) * 2;           // 0,2,4..30
+
+            const vec2 loadd = vec2(data_a[ib].dm);
+
+            const uint scidx0 = (is < 4) ? is : (is + 4);
+            const uint scidx1 = (is < 4) ? is : (is - 4);
+            const uint scidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+            const uint scidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+            const uint mbidx0 = is + 4;
+            const uint mbidx1 = (is < 4) ? is + 4 : is;
+            const uint mbidxmask0 = (is < 4) ? 0xF : 0xF0;
+            const uint mbidxshift0 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 4;
+            const uint mbidxmask1 = (is < 4) ? 0x30 : 0xC0;
+            const uint mbidxshift1 = (is < 4) ? 0 : 2;
+
+            const uint8_t sc    = uint8_t((data_a[ib].scales[scidx0] & 0xF)                         | ((data_a[ib].scales[scidx1] & scidxmask1) >> scidxshift1));
+            const uint8_t mbyte = uint8_t(((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx0] & mbidxmask0) >> mbidxshift0) | ((data_a[ib].scales[mbidx1] & mbidxmask1) >> mbidxshift1));
+
+            const float d = loadd.x * sc;
+            const float m = -loadd.y * mbyte;
+
+            const uint qs = (data_a_packed32[ib].qs[qsi / 4] >> (b * 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+            const uint qh = ((data_a_packed32[ib].qh[qhi / 4] >> (iqs / 16)) & 0x01010101) << 4;
+            const vec4 q = vec4(unpack8(qs | qh));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(fma(d, q.x, m), fma(d, q.y, m));
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(fma(d, q.z, m), fma(d, q.w, m));
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = idx % 128;                 // 0..127
+
+            const uint n = iqs / 64;                    // 0,1
+            const uint b = ((iqs % 64) / 32) * 4;       // 0,4
+            const uint is_b = (iqs % 16) / 8;           // 0,1
+            const uint qhshift = ((iqs % 64) / 16) * 2; // 0,2,4,6
+            const uint is = 8 * n + qhshift + is_b;     // 0..15
+            const uint qsi = n * 32 + (iqs % 32);       // 0..63
+            const uint qhi = n * 16 + (iqs % 16);       // 0..31
+
+            const float dscale = float(data_a[ib].d) * float(data_a[ib].scales[is]);
+
+            const uint ql = (uint(data_a_packed16[ib].ql[qsi]) >> b) & 0x0F0F;
+            const uint qh = (uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qh[qhi]) >> qhshift) & 0x0303;
+            const vec2 q = (vec2(unpack8(ql | (qh << 4)).xy) - 32) * dscale;
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(q.x, q.y);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ1_S)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 32;                  // 8 values per idx
+            const uint ib32 = (idx % 32) / 4;         // 0..7
+            const uint ib8 = idx % 32;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[ib8];
+            const float dl = d * (2 * bitfieldExtract(qh, 12, 3) + 1);
+            const float delta = ((qh & 0x8000) != 0) ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
+            const int16_t grid = int16_t(iq1s_grid[qs | (bitfieldExtract(qh, 3 * int(ib8 & 3), 3) << 8)]);
+
+            [[unroll]] for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+                buf_a[buf_idx + k] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(dl * (bitfieldExtract(grid, 4 * k    , 2) + delta),
+                                                     dl * (bitfieldExtract(grid, 4 * k + 2, 2) + delta));
+            }
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ1_M)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 32;  // 8 values per idx
+            const uint ib8 = idx % 32;
+            const uint ib16 = ib8 / 2;
+
+            const uint16_t[4] scales = data_a[ib].scales;
+            const u16vec4 s = u16vec4(scales[0], scales[1], scales[2], scales[3]) >> 12;
+            const float d = float(unpackHalf2x16(s.x | (s.y << 4) | (s.z << 8) | (s.w << 12)).x);
+            const uint sc = scales[ib8 / 8];
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[ib8];
+            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib16] >> (4 * (ib8 & 1));
+            const float dl = d * (2 * bitfieldExtract(sc, 3 * int(ib16 & 3), 3) + 1);
+            const float delta = ((qh & 8) != 0) ? -IQ1M_DELTA : IQ1M_DELTA;
+            const int16_t grid = int16_t(iq1s_grid[qs | ((qh & 7) << 8)]);
+
+            [[unroll]] for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+                buf_a[buf_idx + k] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(dl * (bitfieldExtract(grid, 4 * k    , 2) + delta),
+                                                     dl * (bitfieldExtract(grid, 4 * k + 2, 2) + delta));
+            }
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 32;                 // 8 values per idx
+            const uint ib32 = (idx % 32) / 4;         // 0..7
+            const uint ib8 = idx % 4;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[8 * ib32 + ib8];
+            const uint signs = pack32(u8vec4(
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 4],
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 5],
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 6],
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 7]
+            ));
+            const FLOAT_TYPE db = FLOAT_TYPE(d * 0.25 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28)));
+            const uint32_t sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * int(ib8), 7);
+            const uint sign = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+            const uvec2 grid = iq2xxs_grid[qs];
+            const vec4 grid0 = vec4(unpack8(grid.x));
+            const vec4 grid1 = vec4(unpack8(grid.y));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   1) != 0 ? -grid0.x : grid0.x,
+                                                      (sign &   2) != 0 ? -grid0.y : grid0.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   4) != 0 ? -grid0.z : grid0.z,
+                                                      (sign &   8) != 0 ? -grid0.w : grid0.w);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &  16) != 0 ? -grid1.x : grid1.x,
+                                                      (sign &  32) != 0 ? -grid1.y : grid1.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &  64) != 0 ? -grid1.z : grid1.z,
+                                                      (sign & 128) != 0 ? -grid1.w : grid1.w);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 32;            // 8 values per idx
+            const uint ib32 = (idx % 32) / 4;    // 0..7
+            const uint ib8 = idx % 4;            // 0..3
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint scale = (data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> (2 * (ib8 & 2))) & 0xf;
+            const FLOAT_TYPE db = FLOAT_TYPE(d * 0.25 * (0.5 + scale));
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[4 * ib32 + ib8];
+            const uint sign7 = qs >> 9;
+            const uint sign = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+            const uvec2 grid = iq2xs_grid[qs & 511];
+            const vec4 grid0 = vec4(unpack8(grid.x));
+            const vec4 grid1 = vec4(unpack8(grid.y));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   1) != 0 ? -grid0.x : grid0.x,
+                                                      (sign &   2) != 0 ? -grid0.y : grid0.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   4) != 0 ? -grid0.z : grid0.z,
+                                                      (sign &   8) != 0 ? -grid0.w : grid0.w);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &  16) != 0 ? -grid1.x : grid1.x,
+                                                      (sign &  32) != 0 ? -grid1.y : grid1.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &  64) != 0 ? -grid1.z : grid1.z,
+                                                      (sign & 128) != 0 ? -grid1.w : grid1.w);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 32;  // 8 values per idx
+            const uint ib8 = idx % 32; // 0..31
+            const uint ib32 = ib8 / 4; // 0..7
+
+            const uint scale = (data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> (2 * (ib8 & 2))) & 0xf;
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[ib8];
+            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
+            const uint qhshift = 2 * (ib8 % 4);
+            const uint sign = data_a[ib].qs[QUANT_K / 8 + ib8];
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const FLOAT_TYPE db = FLOAT_TYPE(d * 0.25 * (0.5 + scale));
+            const uvec2 grid = iq2s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - qhshift)) & 0x300)];
+            const vec4 grid0 = vec4(unpack8(grid.x));
+            const vec4 grid1 = vec4(unpack8(grid.y));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   1) != 0 ? -grid0.x : grid0.x,
+                                                      (sign &   2) != 0 ? -grid0.y : grid0.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   4) != 0 ? -grid0.z : grid0.z,
+                                                      (sign &   8) != 0 ? -grid0.w : grid0.w);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 2] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &  16) != 0 ? -grid1.x : grid1.x,
+                                                      (sign &  32) != 0 ? -grid1.y : grid1.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 3] = db * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &  64) != 0 ? -grid1.z : grid1.z,
+                                                      (sign & 128) != 0 ? -grid1.w : grid1.w);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 64;            // 4 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = idx % 64;           // 0..63
+            const uint is = QUANT_K / 4 + 4 * (iqs / 8); // 8 values
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[iqs];
+            const uint signs = pack32(u16vec2(
+                data_a_packed16[ib].qs[is/2],
+                data_a_packed16[ib].qs[is/2+1]
+            ));
+            const float db = d * 0.5 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+            const uint32_t sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * (int(iqs / 2) % 4), 7);
+            const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (4 * (idx % 2));
+            const uint grid = iq3xxs_grid[qs];
+            const vec4 v = db * vec4(unpack8(grid));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   1) != 0 ? -v.x : v.x,
+                                                 (sign &   2) != 0 ? -v.y : v.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   4) != 0 ? -v.z : v.z,
+                                                 (sign &   8) != 0 ? -v.w : v.w);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 64;            // 4 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = idx % 64;           // 0..63
+            const uint iqh = iqs / 8;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[iqs];
+            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[iqh];
+            const int8_t sign = int8_t(data_a[ib].signs[iqs / 2] >> (4 * (idx % 2)));
+            const uint scale = data_a[ib].scales[iqs / 16];
+            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(sign << 1, sign)));
+            const float db = d * (1 + 2 * ((scale >> (4 * (iqh & 1))) & 0xf));
+            const uint32_t grid = iq3s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - (iqs % 8))) & 256)];
+            const vec4 v = db * vec4(unpack8(grid));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   1) != 0 ? -v.x : v.x,
+                                                 (sign &   2) != 0 ? -v.y : v.y);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2((sign &   4) != 0 ? -v.z : v.z,
+                                                 (sign &   8) != 0 ? -v.w : v.w);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ4_XS)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 2;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
+            const uint ib32 = (idx % 128) / 16;         // 0..7
+            const uint iq = 16 * ib32 + 2 * (idx % 8);
+
+            const uint sl = (data_a[ib].scales_l[ib32/2] >> (4 * (ib32 & 1))) & 0xF;
+            const uint sh = ((data_a[ib].scales_h) >> (2 * ib32)) & 3;
+            const uint qshift = (idx & 8) >> 1;
+            u8vec2 qs = unpack8((uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iq/2]) >> qshift) & 0x0F0F).xy;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const vec2 v = d * float(int(sl | (sh << 4)) - 32) * vec2(kvalues_iq4nl[qs.x], kvalues_iq4nl[qs.y]);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(v.xy);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 4;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 8;
+            const uint iqs = idx & 0x07;
+
+            const FLOAT_TYPE d = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
+            const uint vui = uint(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs]);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = d * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(kvalues_iq4nl[vui & 0xF],
+                                                      kvalues_iq4nl[bitfieldExtract(vui, 8, 4)]);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 8] = d * FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(kvalues_iq4nl[bitfieldExtract(vui, 4, 4)],
+                                                     kvalues_iq4nl[vui >> 12]);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + col * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_A / 4;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 8;
+            const uint iqs = (idx & 0x07) * 2;
+
+            const float d = e8m0_to_fp32(data_a[ib].e) * 0.5;
+            const uint vui = uint(data_a[ib].qs[iqs]);
+            const uint vui2 = uint(data_a[ib].qs[iqs+1]);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(kvalues_mxfp4[vui  & 0xF] * d,
+                                                 kvalues_mxfp4[vui2 & 0xF] * d);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 8] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(kvalues_mxfp4[vui  >>  4] * d,
+                                                 kvalues_mxfp4[vui2 >>  4] * d);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if !defined(MUL_MAT_ID)
+void load_b_to_shmem(const uint pos_b, const uint row, const uint col, const uint idx_n, const uint block, const uint end_k) {
+#if LOAD_VEC_B == 8
+            // Not supported for b_type bf16 because bf16mat2x4 does not exist
+            const uint idx = pos_b + col * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_B / 2;
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8 bb = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8(data_b[idx]);
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 0] = bb[0].xy;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 1] = bb[0].zw;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 2] = bb[1].xy;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 3] = bb[1].zw;
+#elif LOAD_VEC_B == 4
+            const uint idx = pos_b + col * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_B / 2;
+#if defined(DATA_B_BF16)
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 bb = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx]));
+#else
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 bb = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4(data_b[idx]);
+#endif
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 0] = bb.xy;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 1] = bb.zw;
+#else // LOAD_VEC_BATCH_B == 2
+            const uint idx = pos_b + col * p.stride_b + row * 2;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row;
+            if (idx_n < p.N && block + row * 2 + 1 < end_k) {
+                buf_b[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx]),
+                                                 TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx + 1]));
+            } else if (idx_n < p.N && block + row * 2 < end_k) {
+                buf_b[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx]), 0.0f);
+            } else {
+                buf_b[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(0.0f);
+            }
+#endif
+}
+#else
+void load_b_to_shmem(const uint pos_b, const uint row, const uint col, const uint ic, const uint _ne1, const uint block, const uint end_k) {
+#if LOAD_VEC_B == 8
+            // Not supported for b_type bf16 because bf16mat2x4 does not exist
+            const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[col];
+            const uint idx = pos_b + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_B / 2;
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8 bb = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8(data_b[idx]);
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 0] = bb[0].xy;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 1] = bb[0].zw;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 2] = bb[1].xy;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 3] = bb[1].zw;
+#elif LOAD_VEC_B == 4
+            const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[col];
+            const uint idx = pos_b + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + row;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row * LOAD_VEC_B / 2;
+#if defined(DATA_B_BF16)
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 bb = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx]));
+#else
+            FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4 bb = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4(data_b[idx]);
+#endif
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 0] = bb.xy;
+            buf_b[buf_idx + 1] = bb.zw;
+#else // LOAD_VEC_BATCH_B == 2
+            const uint row_i = ic * BN + col;
+            const uint buf_idx = col * SHMEM_STRIDE + row;
+            if (row_i < _ne1 && block + row * 2 + 1 < end_k) {
+                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[col];
+                const uint idx = pos_b + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b + row * 2;
+                buf_b[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx]),
+                                                 TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx + 1]));
+            } else if (row_i < _ne1 && block + row * 2 < end_k) {
+                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[col];
+                const uint idx = pos_b + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b + row * 2;
+                buf_b[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(TO_FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[idx]), 0.0f);
+            } else {
+                buf_b[buf_idx] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(0.0f);
+            }
+#endif
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_id_funcs.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_id_funcs.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26c5c12a49a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_id_funcs.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+shared u16vec2 row_ids[BN];
+uint _ne1;
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID_USE_SUBGROUPS
+shared uvec4 ballots_sh[NUM_WARPS];
+
+void load_row_ids(uint expert_idx, bool nei0_is_pow2, uint ic) {
+    _ne1 = 0;
+    uint num_elements = p.nei1 * p.nei0;
+    uint nei0shift = findLSB(p.nei0);
+
+    uint ids[16];
+    uint iter = 0;
+
+    uint expert_count = data_expert_count[expert_idx];
+
+    for (uint j = 0; j < num_elements; j += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        // prefetch up to 16 elements
+        if (iter == 0) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint k = 0; k < 16; ++k) {
+                uint i = j + gl_LocalInvocationIndex + k*BLOCK_SIZE;
+                bool in_range = i < num_elements;
+                uint ii1;
+                if (nei0_is_pow2) {
+                    ii1 = i >> nei0shift;
+                } else {
+                    ii1 = i / p.nei0;
+                }
+                uint ii0 = i - ii1 * p.nei0;
+                ids[k] = in_range ? data_ids[ii1*p.nbi1 + ii0] : 0;
+            }
+        }
+        uint i = j + gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+        bool in_range = i < num_elements;
+        uint ii1;
+        if (nei0_is_pow2) {
+            ii1 = i >> nei0shift;
+        } else {
+            ii1 = i / p.nei0;
+        }
+        uint ii0 = i - ii1 * p.nei0;
+        uint id = ids[iter++];
+        uvec4 ballot = subgroupBallot(in_range && id == expert_idx);
+
+        if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+            ballots_sh[gl_SubgroupID] = ballot;
+        }
+        barrier();
+
+        uint subgroup_base = 0;
+        uint total = 0;
+        for (uint k = 0; k < gl_NumSubgroups; ++k) {
+            if (k == gl_SubgroupID) {
+                subgroup_base = total;
+            }
+            total += subgroupBallotBitCount(ballots_sh[k]);
+        }
+        barrier();
+
+        uint idx = subgroup_base + subgroupBallotExclusiveBitCount(ballot);
+        if (in_range && id == expert_idx && _ne1 + idx >= ic * BN && _ne1 + idx < (ic + 1) * BN) {
+            row_ids[_ne1 + idx - ic * BN] = u16vec2(ii0, ii1);
+        }
+        _ne1 += total;
+        iter &= 15;
+        if (_ne1 >= (ic + 1) * BN || _ne1 == expert_count) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
+#endif // MUL_MAT_ID_USE_SUBGROUPS
+#endif // MUL_MAT_ID
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq.comp
index 83de90eb7e0..aae1c2e8ae9 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq.comp
@@ -10,29 +10,32 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_float16 : require
 #endif
 
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-#extension GL_KHR_cooperative_matrix : enable
-#extension GL_KHR_memory_scope_semantics : enable
+#if defined(MUL_MAT_ID_USE_SUBGROUPS)
 #extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_ballot : enable
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : require
 #endif
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE_PACKED16 data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+#if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED16)
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED16 {A_TYPE_PACKED16 data_a_packed16[];};
+#endif
 #if defined(A_TYPE_PACKED32)
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A_PACKED32 {A_TYPE_PACKED32 data_a_packed32[];};
 #endif
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {block_q8_1_packed32 data_b[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {block_q8_1_x4_packed128 data_b[];};
 layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
 layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer IDS {int data_ids[];};
+layout (binding = 4) readonly buffer Counts {int data_expert_count[];};
 #endif
 
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
@@ -54,6 +57,8 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint nbi1;
     uint ne11;
 #else
+    uint base_work_group_z;
+    uint num_batches;
     uint k_split;
     uint ne02;
     uint ne12;
@@ -76,51 +81,46 @@ layout (constant_id = 10) const uint WARP = 32;
 
 #define BK 32
 
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-#define SHMEM_STRIDE (BK / 4 + 4)
-#else
-#define SHMEM_STRIDE (BK / 4 + 1)
-#endif
-
-shared int32_t buf_a_qs[BM * SHMEM_STRIDE];
+#include "mul_mmq_shmem_types.glsl"
 
-#ifndef COOPMAT
-#if QUANT_AUXF == 1
-shared FLOAT_TYPE buf_a_dm[BM];
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+#define BK_STEP 1
 #else
-shared FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 buf_a_dm[BM];
+#ifndef BK_STEP
+#define BK_STEP 4
 #endif
 #endif
 
-shared int32_t buf_b_qs[BN * SHMEM_STRIDE];
-#ifndef COOPMAT
-shared FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 buf_b_ds[BN];
-#endif
+// Shared memory cache
+shared block_a_cache buf_a[BM * BK_STEP];
+shared block_b_cache buf_b[BN * BK_STEP];
+// Register cache
+block_a_cache cache_a[WMITER * TM];
+block_b_cache cache_b;
 
-#define LOAD_VEC_A (4 * QUANT_R)
-#define LOAD_VEC_B 4
-
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-shared u16vec2 row_ids[4096];
-#endif // MUL_MAT_ID
+#define LOAD_VEC_A (4 * QUANT_R_MMQ)
+#define LOAD_VEC_B 16
 
 #define NUM_WARPS (BLOCK_SIZE / WARP)
 
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-shared ACC_TYPE coopmat_stage[TM * TN * NUM_WARPS];
-#endif
-
-#include "mul_mmq_funcs.comp"
+#include "mul_mm_id_funcs.glsl"
+#include "mul_mmq_funcs.glsl"
 
 void main() {
+    const uint ic = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
+    const uint expert_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
+    if (ic * BN >= data_expert_count[expert_idx]) {
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
 #ifdef NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
     init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    const uint expert_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
-#else
-    const uint batch_idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+#ifndef MUL_MAT_ID
+    const uint batch_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.z + p.base_work_group_z;
 
     const uint i13 = batch_idx / p.ne12;
     const uint i12 = batch_idx % p.ne12;
@@ -134,31 +134,16 @@ void main() {
     const uint blocks_m = (p.M + BM - 1) / BM;
     const uint ir = gl_WorkGroupID.x % blocks_m;
     const uint ik = gl_WorkGroupID.x / blocks_m;
-    const uint ic = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
 
     const uint WNITER = (WM * WN) / (WARP * TM * TN * WMITER);
     const uint WSUBM = WM / WMITER;
     const uint WSUBN = WN / WNITER;
-
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-    const uint warp_i = gl_SubgroupID;
-
-    const uint tiw = gl_SubgroupInvocationID;
-
-    const uint cms_per_row = WM / TM;
-    const uint cms_per_col = WN / TN;
-
-    const uint storestride = WARP / TM;
-    const uint store_r = tiw % TM;
-    const uint store_c = tiw / TM;
-#else
     const uint warp_i = gl_LocalInvocationID.x / WARP;
 
     const uint tiw = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % WARP;
 
     const uint tiwr = tiw % (WSUBM / TM);
     const uint tiwc = tiw / (WSUBM / TM);
-#endif
 
     const uint warp_r = warp_i % (BM / WM);
     const uint warp_c = warp_i / (BM / WM);
@@ -172,17 +157,27 @@ void main() {
     const uint loadstride_b = BLOCK_SIZE * LOAD_VEC_B / BK;
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    uint _ne1 = 0;
-    for (uint ii1 = 0; ii1 < p.nei1; ii1++) {
-        for (uint ii0 = 0; ii0 < p.nei0; ii0++) {
+#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID_USE_SUBGROUPS
+    if (bitCount(p.nei0) == 1) {
+        load_row_ids(expert_idx, true, ic);
+    } else {
+        load_row_ids(expert_idx, false, ic);
+    }
+#else
+    _ne1 = 0;
+    for (uint ii1 = 0; ii1 < p.nei1 && _ne1 < (ic + 1) * BN; ii1++) {
+        for (uint ii0 = 0; ii0 < p.nei0 && _ne1 < (ic + 1) * BN; ii0++) {
             if (data_ids[ii1*p.nbi1 + ii0] == expert_idx) {
-                row_ids[_ne1] = u16vec2(ii0, ii1);
+                if (_ne1 >= ic * BN) {
+                    row_ids[_ne1 - ic * BN] = u16vec2(ii0, ii1);
+                }
                 _ne1++;
             }
         }
     }
 
     barrier();
+#endif
 
     // Workgroup has no work
     if (ic * BN >= _ne1) return;
@@ -196,165 +191,85 @@ void main() {
     const uint end_k = min(p.K, (ik + 1) * p.k_split);
 #endif
 
-    uint pos_a_ib = (
+    uint pos_a_ib =
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-        expert_idx * p.batch_stride_a +
+        expert_idx * (p.batch_stride_a / BK) +
 #else
-        batch_idx_a * p.batch_stride_a +
+        batch_idx_a * (p.batch_stride_a / BK) +
 #endif
-        ir * BM * p.stride_a + start_k) / BK;
+        (ir * BM * p.stride_a + start_k) / BK;
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
     uint pos_b_ib = 0;
 #else
     uint pos_b_ib = (batch_idx * p.batch_stride_b + ic * BN * p.stride_b + start_k) / BK;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-    coopmat<int8_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TK, gl_MatrixUseA> cache_a;
-    coopmat<int8_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TK, TN, gl_MatrixUseB> cache_b;
-    coopmat<int32_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> cm_result;
-
-    coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> factors[cms_per_row * cms_per_col];
-
-    coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> sums[cms_per_row * cms_per_col];
-
-    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < cms_per_row * cms_per_col; i++) {
-        sums[i] = coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0.0f);
-    }
-#else
-    int32_t cache_a_qs[WMITER * TM * BK / 4];
-
-    int32_t cache_b_qs[TN * BK / 4];
-
     ACC_TYPE sums[WMITER * TM * WNITER * TN];
 
     [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < WMITER*TM*WNITER*TN; i++) {
         sums[i] = ACC_TYPE(0.0f);
     }
-#endif
-
-#if QUANT_AUXF == 1
-    FLOAT_TYPE cache_a_dm[WMITER * TM];
-#else
-    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 cache_a_dm[WMITER * TM];
-#endif
-
-    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 cache_b_ds[TN];
 
-    for (uint block = start_k; block < end_k; block += BK) {
+    for (uint block = start_k; block < end_k; block += BK * BK_STEP) {
         [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; loadc_a + l < BM; l += loadstride_a) {
-            const uint ib = pos_a_ib + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / BK;
-            const uint iqs = loadr_a;
             const uint buf_ib = loadc_a + l;
+            const uint ib = pos_a_ib + buf_ib * p.stride_a / BK;
+            const uint iqs = loadr_a;
 
-            if (iqs == 0) {
-#if QUANT_AUXF == 1
-                buf_a_dm[buf_ib] = get_d(ib);
-#else
-                buf_a_dm[buf_ib] = get_dm(ib);
-#endif
+            [[unroll]] for (uint k_step = 0; k_step < BK_STEP; k_step++) {
+                if (block + k_step * BK < end_k) {
+                    block_a_to_shmem(k_step * BM + buf_ib, ib + k_step, iqs);
+                }
             }
-#if QUANT_R == 1
-            buf_a_qs[buf_ib * SHMEM_STRIDE + iqs] = repack(ib, iqs);
-#else
-            const i32vec2 vals = repack(ib, iqs);
-            buf_a_qs[buf_ib * SHMEM_STRIDE + iqs    ] = vals.x;
-            buf_a_qs[buf_ib * SHMEM_STRIDE + iqs + 4] = vals.y;
-#endif
         }
         [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; loadc_b + l < BN; l += loadstride_b) {
+            const uint buf_ib = loadc_b + l;
+
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-            const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[ic * BN + loadc_b + l];
-            const uint idx = pos_b_ib + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b / LOAD_VEC_B + loadr_b;
-            const uint ib = idx / 8;
-            const uint iqs = idx & 0x7;
+            const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[buf_ib];
+            const uint ib = pos_b_ib + row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_b / BK + (row_idx.x % p.ne11) * p.stride_b / BK;
 #else
-            const uint ib = pos_b_ib + (loadc_b + l) * p.stride_b / BK;
-            const uint iqs = loadr_b;
+            const uint ib = pos_b_ib + buf_ib * p.stride_b / BK;
 #endif
+            const uint iqs = loadr_b;
 
-            const uint buf_ib = loadc_b + l;
-
-            if (iqs == 0) {
-                buf_b_ds[buf_ib] = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_b[ib].ds);
+            [[unroll]] for (uint k_step = 0; k_step < BK_STEP; k_step++) {
+                block_b_to_shmem(k_step * BN + buf_ib, ib + k_step, iqs, block + k_step * BK < end_k);
             }
-            buf_b_qs[buf_ib * SHMEM_STRIDE + iqs] = data_b[ib].qs[iqs];
         }
 
         barrier();
 
-        pos_a_ib += 1;
-        pos_b_ib += 1;
+        pos_a_ib += BK_STEP;
+        pos_b_ib += BK_STEP;
 
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-        [[unroll]] for (uint cm_row = 0; cm_row < cms_per_row; cm_row++) {
-            const uint ib_a = warp_r * WM + cm_row * TM;
+        for (uint k_step = 0; k_step < BK_STEP; k_step++) {
             // Load from shared into cache
-            coopMatLoad(cache_a, buf_a_qs, ib_a * SHMEM_STRIDE, SHMEM_STRIDE, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutRowMajor);
-
-            // TODO: only cache values that are actually needed
-            [[unroll]] for (uint t_idx = 0; t_idx < TM; t_idx++) {
-                cache_a_dm[t_idx] = buf_a_dm[ib_a + t_idx];
-            }
-
-            [[unroll]] for (uint cm_col = 0; cm_col < cms_per_col; cm_col++) {
-                const uint ib_b = warp_c * WN + cm_col * TN;
-                coopMatLoad(cache_b, buf_b_qs, ib_b * SHMEM_STRIDE, SHMEM_STRIDE, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
-
-                // TODO: only cache values that are actually needed
-                [[unroll]] for (uint t_idx = 0; t_idx < TN; t_idx++) {
-                    cache_b_dm[t_idx] = buf_b_d[ib_b + t_idx];
-                }
-
-                cm_result = coopmat<int32_t, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(0);
-                cm_result = coopMatMulAdd(cache_a, cache_b, cm_result);
-
-                [[unroll]] for (uint col = 0; col < TN; col += storestride) {
-                    coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (store_c + col) * TM + store_r] = ACC_TYPE(float(cache_a_d[store_r]) * float(cache_b_d[store_c + col]));
-                }
-
-                coopMatLoad(factors, coopmat_stage, warp_i * TM * TN, TM, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
-                sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row] += factors * coopmat<ACC_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(cm_result);
-            }
-        }
-#else
-        // Load from shared into cache
-        [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
-                const uint ib = warp_r * WM + wsir * WSUBM + tiwr * TM + cr;
-                cache_a_dm[wsir * TM + cr] = buf_a_dm[ib];
-                [[unroll]] for (uint idx_k = 0; idx_k < BK / 4; idx_k++) {
-                    cache_a_qs[(wsir * TM + cr) * (BK / 4) + idx_k] = buf_a_qs[ib * SHMEM_STRIDE + idx_k];
-                }
-            }
-        }
+            [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
+                [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const uint reg_ib = wsir * TM + cr;
+                    const uint buf_ib = warp_r * WM + wsir * WSUBM + tiwr * TM + cr;
 
-        [[unroll]] for (uint wsic = 0; wsic < WNITER; wsic++) {
-            [[unroll]] for (uint cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
-                const uint ib = warp_c * WN + wsic * WSUBN + tiwc * TN + cc;
-                cache_b_ds[cc] = buf_b_ds[ib];
-                [[unroll]] for (uint idx_k = 0; idx_k < BK / 4; idx_k++) {
-                    cache_b_qs[cc * (BK / 4) + idx_k] = buf_b_qs[ib * SHMEM_STRIDE + idx_k];
+                    block_a_to_registers(reg_ib, k_step * BM + buf_ib);
                 }
             }
 
-            [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint wsic = 0; wsic < WNITER; wsic++) {
                 [[unroll]] for (uint cc = 0; cc < TN; cc++) {
-                    [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
-                        const uint cache_a_idx = wsir * TM + cr;
-                        const uint sums_idx = (wsic * TN + cc) * (WMITER * TM) + wsir * TM + cr;
-                        int32_t q_sum = 0;
-                        [[unroll]] for (uint idx_k = 0; idx_k < BK / 4; idx_k++) {
-                            q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(cache_a_qs[cache_a_idx * (BK / 4) + idx_k],
-                                                     cache_b_qs[cc * (BK / 4) + idx_k]);
-                        }
+                    const uint ib = k_step * BN + warp_c * WN + wsic * WSUBN + tiwc * TN + cc;
+                    block_b_to_registers(ib);
+
+                    [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
+                        [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                            const uint cache_a_idx = wsir * TM + cr;
+                            const uint sums_idx = (wsic * TN + cc) * (WMITER * TM) + wsir * TM + cr;
 
-                        sums[sums_idx] += mul_q8_1(q_sum, cache_a_dm[cache_a_idx], cache_b_ds[cc]);
+                            sums[sums_idx] += mmq_dot_product(cache_a_idx);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-#endif
 
         barrier();
     }
@@ -363,57 +278,9 @@ void main() {
     const uint dc = ic * BN + warp_c * WN;
 
 #ifndef MUL_MAT_ID
-    const uint offsets = batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d + ik * p.batch_stride_d * gl_NumWorkGroups.z;
+    const uint offsets = batch_idx * p.batch_stride_d + ik * p.batch_stride_d * p.num_batches;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef COOPMAT
-#ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-    [[unroll]] for (uint cm_row = 0; cm_row < cms_per_row; cm_row++) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint cm_col = 0; cm_col < cms_per_col; cm_col++) {
-            coopMatStore(sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row], coopmat_stage, warp_i * TM * TN, TM, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
-
-            [[unroll]] for (uint col = 0; col < BN; col += storestride) {
-                const uint row_i = dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c;
-                if (row_i >= _ne1) break;
-
-                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i];
-
-                data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM + store_r] = D_TYPE(coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (col + store_c) * TM + store_r]);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#else
-    const bool is_aligned = p.stride_d % 4 == 0;  // Assumption: D_TYPE == float
-
-    [[unroll]] for (uint cm_row = 0; cm_row < cms_per_row; cm_row++) {
-        [[unroll]] for (uint cm_col = 0; cm_col < cms_per_col; cm_col++) {
-            const bool is_in_bounds = dr + (cm_row + 1) * TM <= p.M && dc + (cm_col + 1) * TN <= p.N;
-
-            if (is_aligned && is_in_bounds) {
-                // Full coopMat is within bounds and stride_d is aligned with 16B
-                coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> cm_dtype = coopmat<D_TYPE, gl_ScopeSubgroup, TM, TN, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator>(sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row]);
-                coopMatStore(cm_dtype, data_d, offsets + (dc + cm_col * TN) * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM, p.stride_d, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
-            } else if (is_in_bounds) {
-                // Full coopMat is within bounds, but stride_d is not aligned
-                coopMatStore(sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row], coopmat_stage, warp_i * TM * TN, TM, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
-
-                [[unroll]] for (uint col = 0; col < TN; col += storestride) {
-                    data_d[offsets + (dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c) * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM + store_r] = D_TYPE(coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (col + store_c) * TM + store_r]);
-                }
-            } else if (dr + cm_row * TM < p.M && dc + cm_col * TN < p.N) {
-                // Partial coopMat is within bounds
-                coopMatStore(sums[cm_col * cms_per_row + cm_row], coopmat_stage, warp_i * TM * TN, TM, gl_CooperativeMatrixLayoutColumnMajor);
-
-                [[unroll]] for (uint col = 0; col < TN; col += storestride) {
-                    if (dr + cm_row * TM + store_r < p.M && dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c < p.N) {
-                        data_d[offsets + (dc + cm_col * TN + col + store_c) * p.stride_d + dr + cm_row * TM + store_r] = D_TYPE(coopmat_stage[warp_i * TM * TN + (col + store_c) * TM + store_r]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#endif // MUL_MAT_ID
-#else
     [[unroll]] for (uint wsic = 0; wsic < WNITER; wsic++) {
         [[unroll]] for (uint wsir = 0; wsir < WMITER; wsir++) {
 
@@ -424,19 +291,21 @@ void main() {
                 const uint row_i = dc_warp + cc;
                 if (row_i >= _ne1) break;
 
-                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i];
+                const u16vec2 row_idx = row_ids[row_i - ic * BN];
 #endif // MUL_MAT_ID
                 [[unroll]] for (uint cr = 0; cr < TM; cr++) {
+                    const uint sums_idx = (wsic * TN + cc) * WMITER * TM + wsir * TM + cr;
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
-                    data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr_warp + cr] = D_TYPE(sums[(wsic * TN + cc) * (WMITER * TM) + wsir * TM + cr]);
+                    if (dr_warp + cr < p.M) {
+                        data_d[row_idx.y * p.batch_stride_d + row_idx.x * p.stride_d + dr_warp + cr] = D_TYPE(sums[sums_idx].x);
+                    }
 #else
                     if (dr_warp + cr < p.M && dc_warp + cc < p.N) {
-                        data_d[offsets + (dc_warp + cc) * p.stride_d + dr_warp + cr] = D_TYPE(sums[(wsic * TN + cc) * (WMITER * TM) + wsir * TM + cr]);
+                        data_d[offsets + (dc_warp + cc) * p.stride_d + dr_warp + cr] = D_TYPE(sums[sums_idx].x);
                     }
 #endif // MUL_MAT_ID
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-#endif // COOPMAT
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_funcs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_funcs.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 63b15471bd3..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_funcs.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : require
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int8 : require
-
-#include "types.comp"
-
-// Each iqs value maps to a 32-bit integer
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
-i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
-    // Use 2-byte loads since a q4_0 block (18 bytes) is not divisible by 4
-    const u16vec2 quants = u16vec2(data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 2    ],
-                                   data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]);
-    const uint32_t vui = pack32(quants);
-    return i32vec2( vui       & 0x0F0F0F0F,
-                   (vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
-}
-
-ACC_TYPE mul_q8_1(int32_t q_sum, float da, vec2 dsb) {
-    return ACC_TYPE(da * (float(q_sum) * dsb.x - 8.0f * dsb.y));
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_1)
-i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
-    // Use 4-byte loads since a q4_1 block (20 bytes) is divisible by 4
-    const uint32_t vui = data_a_packed32[ib].qs[iqs];
-    return i32vec2( vui       & 0x0F0F0F0F,
-                   (vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
-}
-
-ACC_TYPE mul_q8_1(int32_t q_sum, vec2 dma, vec2 dsb) {
-    return ACC_TYPE(float(q_sum) * dma.x * dsb.x + dma.y * dsb.y);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q5_0)
-i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
-    // Use 2-byte loads since a q5_0 block (22 bytes) is not divisible by 4
-    const u16vec2 quants = u16vec2(data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 2    ],
-                                   data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]);
-    const uint32_t vui = pack32(quants);
-    const int32_t qh = int32_t((uint32_t(data_a[ib].qh[1]) << 16 | data_a[ib].qh[0]) >> (4 * iqs));
-    const int32_t v0 = int32_t(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)
-                     | ((qh & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (0,1,2,3) -> (4,12,20,28)
-
-    const int32_t v1 = int32_t((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)
-                     | (((qh >> 16) & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (16,17,18,19) -> (4,12,20,28)
-
-    return i32vec2(v0, v1);
-}
-
-ACC_TYPE mul_q8_1(int32_t q_sum, float da, vec2 dsb) {
-    return ACC_TYPE(da * (float(q_sum) * dsb.x - 16.0f * dsb.y));
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
-i32vec2 repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
-    // Use 4-byte loads since a q5_1 block (24 bytes) is divisible by 4
-    const uint32_t vui = data_a_packed32[ib].qs[iqs];
-    const int32_t qh = int32_t(data_a_packed32[ib].qh >> (4 * iqs));
-    const int32_t v0 = int32_t(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)
-                     | ((qh & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (0,1,2,3) -> (4,12,20,28)
-
-    const int32_t v1 = int32_t((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)
-                     | (((qh >> 16) & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (16,17,18,19) -> (4,12,20,28)
-
-    return i32vec2(v0, v1);
-}
-
-ACC_TYPE mul_q8_1(int32_t q_sum, vec2 dma, vec2 dsb) {
-    return ACC_TYPE(float(q_sum) * dma.x * dsb.x + dma.y * dsb.y);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
-int32_t repack(uint ib, uint iqs) {
-    // Use 2-byte loads since a q8_0 block (34 bytes) is not divisible by 4
-    return pack32(i16vec2(data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 2    ],
-                          data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]));
-}
-
-ACC_TYPE mul_q8_1(int32_t q_sum, float da, vec2 dsb) {
-    return ACC_TYPE(float(q_sum) * da * dsb.x);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q8_0) || defined(DATA_A_IQ1_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-FLOAT_TYPE get_d(uint ib) {
-    return FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[ib].d);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_1) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
-FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 get_dm(uint ib) {
-    return FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a_packed32[ib].dm);
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_funcs.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_funcs.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9c297d1c60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_funcs.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int32 : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int8 : require
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+// Each iqs value maps to a 32-bit integer
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q4_1)
+// 2-byte loads for Q4_0 blocks (18 bytes)
+// 4-byte loads for Q4_1 blocks (20 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+#ifdef DATA_A_Q4_0
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = pack32(u16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2],
+                                           data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]));
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        buf_a[buf_ib].dm = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
+    }
+#else // DATA_A_Q4_1
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = data_a_packed32[ib].qs[iqs];
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        buf_a[buf_ib].dm = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a_packed32[ib].dm);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].dm = buf_a[buf_ib].dm;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 4; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 4; iqs++) {
+        const uint32_t vui = cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs];
+        const i32vec2 qs_a = i32vec2( vui       & 0x0F0F0F0F,
+                                     (vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+
+        const int32_t qs_b0 = cache_b.qs[iqs];
+        const int32_t qs_b1 = cache_b.qs[iqs + 4];
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.x, qs_b0);
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a.y, qs_b1);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DATA_A_Q4_0
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(cache_a[ib_a].dm) * (float(q_sum) * float(cache_b.ds.x) - 8.0 * float(cache_b.ds.y)));
+#else // DATA_A_Q4_1
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(q_sum) * float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.x) * float(cache_b.ds.x) + float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.y) * float(cache_b.ds.y));
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q5_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
+// 2-byte loads for Q5_0 blocks (22 bytes)
+// 4-byte loads for Q5_1 blocks (24 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+#ifdef DATA_A_Q5_0
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = pack32(u16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2],
+                                           data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]));
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        buf_a[buf_ib].dm = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
+        buf_a[buf_ib].qh = pack32(u16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qh[0], data_a_packed16[ib].qh[1]));
+    }
+#else // DATA_A_Q5_1
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = data_a_packed32[ib].qs[iqs];
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        buf_a[buf_ib].dm = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a_packed32[ib].dm);
+        buf_a[buf_ib].qh = data_a_packed32[ib].qh;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].dm = buf_a[buf_ib].dm;
+    cache_a[reg_ib].qh = buf_a[buf_ib].qh;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 4; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 4; iqs++) {
+        const uint32_t vui = cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs];
+        const int32_t qh = int32_t(cache_a[ib_a].qh >> (4 * iqs));
+        const int32_t qs_a0 = int32_t(vui & 0x0F0F0F0F)
+                         | ((qh & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (0,1,2,3) -> (4,12,20,28)
+        const int32_t qs_a1 = int32_t((vui >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F)
+                         | (((qh >> 16) & 0xF) * 0x02040810) & 0x10101010; // (16,17,18,19) -> (4,12,20,28)
+
+        const int32_t qs_b0 = cache_b.qs[iqs];
+        const int32_t qs_b1 = cache_b.qs[iqs + 4];
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a0, qs_b0);
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a1, qs_b1);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DATA_A_Q5_0
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(cache_a[ib_a].dm) * (float(q_sum) * float(cache_b.ds.x) - 16.0 * float(cache_b.ds.y)));
+#else // DATA_A_Q5_1
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(q_sum) * float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.x) * float(cache_b.ds.x) + float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.y) * float(cache_b.ds.y));
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
+// 2-byte loads for Q8_0 blocks (34 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = pack32(i16vec2(data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2],
+                                           data_a_packed16[ib].qs[iqs * 2 + 1]));
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        buf_a[buf_ib].dm = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a_packed16[ib].d);
+    }
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].dm = buf_a[buf_ib].dm;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        const int32_t qs_a = cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs];
+        const int32_t qs_b = cache_b.qs[iqs];
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, qs_b);
+    }
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(q_sum) * float(cache_a[ib_a].dm) * float(cache_b.ds.x));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+// 1-byte loads for mxfp4 blocks (17 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+    const uint32_t qs = pack32(u8vec4(data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4    ],
+                                      data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 1],
+                                      data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 2],
+                                      data_a[ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 3]));
+
+    const u8vec4 i_a0 = unpack8( qs       & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+    const u8vec4 i_a1 = unpack8((qs >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs    ] = pack32(i8vec4(kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.x], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.y], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.z], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a0.w]));
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs + 4] = pack32(i8vec4(kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.x], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.y], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.z], kvalues_mxfp4[i_a1.w]));
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        buf_a[buf_ib].d = FLOAT_TYPE(e8m0_to_fp32(data_a[ib].e) * 0.5);
+    }
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].d = buf_a[buf_ib].d;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        const int32_t qs_a = cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs];
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, cache_b.qs[iqs]);
+    }
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(cache_a[ib_a].d) * float(cache_b.ds.x) * float(q_sum));
+}
+#endif
+
+// For k-quants, ib and iqs still assume 32-wide blocks, but k-quants are 256-wide
+// iqs still refers to a 32-bit integer, meaning 0..7 for 32-wide quants
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
+// 4-byte loads for Q2_K blocks (84 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs * QUANT_R_MMQ;
+
+    const uint qs_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 8 + (iqs_k % 8);
+    const uint qs_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 8) * 2;
+
+    // Repack 4x4 quants into one int
+    const uint32_t vals0 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx    ] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303;
+    const uint32_t vals1 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 1] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303;
+    const uint32_t vals2 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 2] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303;
+    const uint32_t vals3 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 3] >> qs_shift) & 0x03030303;
+
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = vals0 | (vals1 << 2) | (vals2 << 4) | (vals3 << 6);
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        buf_a[buf_ib].dm = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_a_packed32[ib_k].dm);
+        buf_a[buf_ib].scales = unpack8(uint32_t(data_a_packed16[ib_k].scales[iqs_k / 8])).xy; // vec4 used due to #12147
+    }
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].dm = buf_a[buf_ib].dm;
+    cache_a[reg_ib].scales = buf_a[buf_ib].scales;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 2; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    int32_t sum_d = 0;
+    int32_t sum_m = 0;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        const uint8_t scale = cache_a[ib_a].scales[iqs / 4];
+        const int32_t scale_m = int32_t(scale >> 4) * 0x01010101; // Duplicate 8-bit value across 32-bits.
+        const int32_t qs_a = int32_t((cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs / 4] >> ((iqs % 4) * 2)) & 0x03030303);
+
+        sum_d += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, cache_b.qs[iqs]) * (scale & 0xF);
+        sum_m += dotPacked4x8EXT(scale_m, cache_b.qs[iqs]);
+    }
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(cache_b.ds.x) * (float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.x) * float(sum_d) - float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.y) * float(sum_m)));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q3_K)
+// 2-byte loads for Q3_K blocks (110 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint hm_idx = iqs * QUANT_R_MMQ;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + hm_idx;
+
+    const uint qs_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 8 + (iqs_k % 8);
+    const uint qs_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 8) * 2;
+    const uint hm_shift = iqs_k / 8;
+
+    // Repack 2x4 quants into one int
+    // Add the 3rd bit instead of subtracting it to allow packing the quants
+    // vec4 for unpack8 used due to #12147
+    const i8vec2 vals00 = unpack8(int32_t(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx * 2        ] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)))).xy |
+                          unpack8(int32_t(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[hm_idx * 2    ] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101))) << 2)).xy;
+    const i8vec2 vals01 = unpack8(int32_t(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx * 2 + 1    ] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)))).xy |
+                          unpack8(int32_t(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[hm_idx * 2 + 1] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101))) << 2)).xy;
+    const i8vec2 vals10 = unpack8(int32_t(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx * 2 + 2    ] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)))).xy |
+                          unpack8(int32_t(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[hm_idx * 2 + 2] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101))) << 2)).xy;
+    const i8vec2 vals11 = unpack8(int32_t(int16_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qs[qs_idx * 2 + 3    ] >> qs_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)))).xy |
+                          unpack8(int32_t(int16_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].hmask[hm_idx * 2 + 3] >> hm_shift) & uint16_t(0x0101))) << 2)).xy;
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = pack32(u8vec4(vals00.x, vals00.y, vals01.x, vals01.y)) |
+                           (pack32(u8vec4(vals10.x, vals10.y, vals11.x, vals11.y)) << 4);
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        const uint is = iqs_k / 4;
+        const i8vec2 scales = i8vec2(unpack8(uint32_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].scales[(is % 8      ) / 2] >> (4 * (is / 8))) & 0x0F0F) |
+                                                     (((data_a_packed16[ib_k].scales[(8 + (is % 4)) / 2] >> (2 * (is / 4))) & 0x0303) << 4))).xy); // vec4 used due to #12147
+
+        buf_a[buf_ib].d_scales = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(float(data_a_packed16[ib_k].d) * vec2(scales - 32));
+    }
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].d_scales = buf_a[buf_ib].d_scales;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 4; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    float result = 0.0;
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 4; iqs++) {
+        // Subtract 4 from the quants to correct the 3rd bit offset
+        const int32_t qs_a = pack32(unpack8(int32_t((cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs / 2] >> ((iqs % 2) * 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F)) - int8_t(4));
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, cache_b.qs[iqs]);
+    }
+    result += float(cache_a[ib_a].d_scales[0]) * float(q_sum);
+    q_sum = 0;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 4; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        const int32_t qs_a = pack32(unpack8(int32_t((cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs / 2] >> ((iqs % 2) * 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F)) - int8_t(4));
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, cache_b.qs[iqs]);
+    }
+    result += float(cache_a[ib_a].d_scales[1]) * float(q_sum);
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(cache_b.ds.x) * result);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_K) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+// 4-byte loads for Q4_K blocks (144 bytes) and Q5_K blocks (176 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs * QUANT_R_MMQ;
+
+    const uint qs_idx = (iqs_k / 16) * 8 + (iqs_k % 8);
+    const uint qs_shift = ((iqs_k % 16) / 8) * 4;
+
+    // Repack 2x4 quants into one int
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
+    const uint32_t vals0 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx    ] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    const uint32_t vals1 = (data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx + 1] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = vals0 | (vals1 << 4);
+#else // defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+    const uint qh_idx = iqs * QUANT_R_MMQ;
+    const uint qh_shift = iqs_k / 8;
+
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = int32_t(((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qs[qs_idx] >> qs_shift) & 0x0F0F0F0F) |
+                                   (((data_a_packed32[ib_k].qh[qh_idx] >> qh_shift) & 0x01010101) << 4));
+#endif
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        // Scale index
+        const uint is = iqs_k / 8;
+        u8vec2 scale_dm;
+        if (is < 4) {
+            scale_dm = u8vec2(data_a[ib_k].scales[is] & 0x3F, data_a[ib_k].scales[is + 4] & 0x3F);
+        } else {
+            scale_dm = u8vec2((data_a[ib_k].scales[is+4] & 0xF) | ((data_a[ib_k].scales[is-4] & 0xC0) >> 2),
+                              (data_a[ib_k].scales[is+4] >>  4) | ((data_a[ib_k].scales[is  ] & 0xC0) >> 2));
+        }
+
+        buf_a[buf_ib].dm = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(vec2(data_a_packed32[ib_k].dm) * vec2(scale_dm));
+    }
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].dm = buf_a[buf_ib].dm;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8 / QUANT_R_MMQ; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
+        const int32_t qs_a = int32_t((cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs / 2] >> ((iqs % 2) * 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+#else // defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+        const int32_t qs_a = cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs];
+#endif
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, cache_b.qs[iqs]);
+    }
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(cache_b.ds.x) * float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.x) * float(q_sum) - float(cache_a[ib_a].dm.y) * float(cache_b.ds.y));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
+// 2-byte loads for Q6_K blocks (210 bytes)
+void block_a_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs) {
+    const uint ib_k = ib / 8;
+    const uint iqs_k = (ib % 8) * 8 + iqs;
+
+    const uint ql_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 16 + iqs_k % 16;
+    const uint ql_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 16) * 4;
+
+    const uint qh_idx = (iqs_k / 32) * 8 + iqs;
+    const uint qh_shift = ((iqs_k % 32) / 8) * 2;
+
+    const i8vec2 vals00 = (unpack8(int32_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2    ] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))).xy |
+                          unpack8(int32_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2    ] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4)).xy) - int8_t(32);
+    const i8vec2 vals01 = (unpack8(int32_t((data_a_packed16[ib_k].ql[ql_idx * 2 + 1] >> ql_shift) & uint16_t(0x0F0F))).xy |
+                          unpack8(int32_t(((data_a_packed16[ib_k].qh[qh_idx * 2 + 1] >> qh_shift) & uint16_t(0x0303)) << 4)).xy) - int8_t(32);
+    buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs] = pack32(i8vec4(vals00.x, vals00.y, vals01.x, vals01.y));
+
+    if (iqs == 0) {
+        const uint is = iqs_k / 4;
+        const i8vec2 scales = unpack8(int32_t(data_a_packed16[ib_k].scales[is / 2])).xy;
+
+        buf_a[buf_ib].d_scales = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(float(data_a_packed16[ib_k].d) * vec2(scales));
+    }
+}
+
+void block_a_to_registers(const uint reg_ib, const uint buf_ib) {
+    cache_a[reg_ib].d_scales = buf_a[buf_ib].d_scales;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        cache_a[reg_ib].qs[iqs] = buf_a[buf_ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
+
+ACC_TYPE mmq_dot_product(const uint ib_a) {
+    float result = 0.0;
+    int32_t q_sum = 0;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < 4; iqs++) {
+        const int32_t qs_a = cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs];
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, cache_b.qs[iqs]);
+    }
+    result += float(cache_a[ib_a].d_scales[0]) * float(q_sum);
+    q_sum = 0;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 4; iqs < 8; iqs++) {
+        const int32_t qs_a = cache_a[ib_a].qs[iqs];
+
+        q_sum += dotPacked4x8EXT(qs_a, cache_b.qs[iqs]);
+    }
+    result += float(cache_a[ib_a].d_scales[1]) * float(q_sum);
+
+    return ACC_TYPE(float(cache_b.ds.x) * result);
+}
+#endif
+
+void block_b_to_shmem(const uint buf_ib, const uint ib, const uint iqs, const bool is_in_bounds) {
+    if (is_in_bounds) {
+        const uint ib_outer = ib / 4;
+        const uint ib_inner = ib % 4;
+
+        if (iqs == 0) {
+            buf_b[buf_ib].ds = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(data_b[ib_outer].ds[ib_inner]);
+        }
+
+        const ivec4 values = data_b[ib_outer].qs[ib_inner * 2 + iqs];
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4    ] = values.x;
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 1] = values.y;
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 2] = values.z;
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 3] = values.w;
+    } else {
+        if (iqs == 0) {
+            buf_b[buf_ib].ds = FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2(0.0f);
+        }
+
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4    ] = 0;
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 1] = 0;
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 2] = 0;
+        buf_b[buf_ib].qs[iqs * 4 + 3] = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void block_b_to_registers(const uint ib) {
+    cache_b.ds = buf_b[ib].ds;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint iqs = 0; iqs < BK / 4; iqs++) {
+        cache_b.qs[iqs] = buf_b[ib].qs[iqs];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_shmem_types.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_shmem_types.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c0f5306f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_shmem_types.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 2
+struct block_a_cache {
+    uint32_t qs[16/4];
+    FLOAT_TYPE dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_1)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 2
+struct block_a_cache {
+    uint32_t qs[16/4];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_0)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 2
+struct block_a_cache {
+    uint32_t qs[16/4];
+    uint32_t qh;
+    FLOAT_TYPE dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_1)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 2
+struct block_a_cache {
+    uint32_t qs[16/4];
+    uint32_t qh;
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 1
+// AMD likes 4, Intel likes 1 and Nvidia likes 2
+// #define BK_STEP 1
+struct block_a_cache {
+    int32_t qs[32/4];
+    FLOAT_TYPE dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 2
+struct block_a_cache {
+    int32_t qs[8];
+    FLOAT_TYPE d;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 4
+struct block_a_cache {
+    uint32_t qs[2];
+    u8vec2 scales;
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q3_K)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 2
+struct block_a_cache {
+    uint32_t qs[4];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 d_scales;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 2
+struct block_a_cache {
+    uint32_t qs[4];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 1
+struct block_a_cache {
+    int32_t qs[8];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 dm;
+};
+#elif defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
+#define QUANT_R_MMQ 1
+struct block_a_cache {
+    int32_t qs[8];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 d_scales;
+};
+#endif
+
+struct block_b_cache
+{
+    int32_t qs[8];
+    FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2 ds;
+};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/multi_add.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/multi_add.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..10cf5202a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/multi_add.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+#if ADD_RMS
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#endif
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "utils.glsl"
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter2
+{
+    // shape for dst
+    uint ne20; uint ne21; uint ne22; uint ne23;
+
+    // strides for srcs+dst
+    uint nb[12][4];
+
+    uint rms_partials;
+} p;
+
+// No readonly/writeonly decorations. Workaround for MoltenVK Bug, see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/15498
+layout (binding = 0)  buffer A0 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a0;
+layout (binding = 1)  buffer A1 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a1;
+layout (binding = 2)  buffer A2 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a2;
+layout (binding = 3)  buffer A3 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a3;
+layout (binding = 4)  buffer A4 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a4;
+layout (binding = 5)  buffer A5 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a5;
+layout (binding = 6)  buffer A6 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a6;
+layout (binding = 7)  buffer A7 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a7;
+layout (binding = 8)  buffer A8 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a8;
+layout (binding = 9)  buffer A9 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a9;
+layout (binding = 10) buffer A10 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a10;
+layout (binding = 11) buffer A11 {A_TYPE data_a[];} a11;
+layout (binding = 0)  buffer D0 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d0;
+layout (binding = 1)  buffer D1 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d1;
+layout (binding = 2)  buffer D2 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d2;
+layout (binding = 3)  buffer D3 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d3;
+layout (binding = 4)  buffer D4 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d4;
+layout (binding = 5)  buffer D5 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d5;
+layout (binding = 6)  buffer D6 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d6;
+layout (binding = 7)  buffer D7 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d7;
+layout (binding = 8)  buffer D8 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d8;
+layout (binding = 9)  buffer D9 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d9;
+layout (binding = 10) buffer D10 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d10;
+layout (binding = 11) buffer D11 {D_TYPE data_d[];} d11;
+layout (binding = 0, std430)  buffer PartialBuf0 {float partial_sums[];} partials0;
+layout (binding = 1, std430)  buffer PartialBuf1 {float partial_sums[];} partials1;
+layout (binding = 2, std430)  buffer PartialBuf2 {float partial_sums[];} partials2;
+layout (binding = 3, std430)  buffer PartialBuf3 {float partial_sums[];} partials3;
+layout (binding = 4, std430)  buffer PartialBuf4 {float partial_sums[];} partials4;
+layout (binding = 5, std430)  buffer PartialBuf5 {float partial_sums[];} partials5;
+layout (binding = 6, std430)  buffer PartialBuf6 {float partial_sums[];} partials6;
+layout (binding = 7, std430)  buffer PartialBuf7 {float partial_sums[];} partials7;
+layout (binding = 8, std430)  buffer PartialBuf8 {float partial_sums[];} partials8;
+layout (binding = 9, std430)  buffer PartialBuf9 {float partial_sums[];} partials9;
+layout (binding = 10, std430) buffer PartialBuf10 {float partial_sums[];} partials10;
+layout (binding = 11, std430) buffer PartialBuf11 {float partial_sums[];} partials11;
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint num_srcs = 2;
+
+FLOAT_TYPE load_a(uint b, uint i) {
+    switch (b) {
+    case 0:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a0.data_a[i]);
+    case 1:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a1.data_a[i]);
+    case 2:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a2.data_a[i]);
+    case 3:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a3.data_a[i]);
+    case 4:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a4.data_a[i]);
+    case 5:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a5.data_a[i]);
+    case 6:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a6.data_a[i]);
+    case 7:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a7.data_a[i]);
+    case 8:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a8.data_a[i]);
+    case 9:  return FLOAT_TYPE(a9.data_a[i]);
+    case 10: return FLOAT_TYPE(a10.data_a[i]);
+    case 11: return FLOAT_TYPE(a11.data_a[i]);
+    default: return FLOAT_TYPE(0);
+    }
+}
+
+void store_d(uint b, uint i, FLOAT_TYPE v) {
+    switch (b) {
+    case 0:  d0.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 1:  d1.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 2:  d2.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 3:  d3.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 4:  d4.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 5:  d5.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 6:  d6.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 7:  d7.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 8:  d8.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 9:  d9.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 10: d10.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    case 11: d11.data_d[i] = D_TYPE(v); break;
+    default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+void store_partial(uint b, uint i, float v) {
+    switch (b) {
+    case 0:  partials0.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 1:  partials1.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 2:  partials2.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 3:  partials3.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 4:  partials4.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 5:  partials5.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 6:  partials6.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 7:  partials7.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 8:  partials8.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 9:  partials9.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 10: partials10.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    case 11: partials11.partial_sums[i] = v; break;
+    default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+uint src_idx(uint s, uint i00, uint i01, uint i02, uint i03) {
+    return i03*p.nb[s][3] + i02*p.nb[s][2] + i01*p.nb[s][1] + i00*p.nb[s][0];
+}
+
+uint dst_idx(uint i00, uint i01, uint i02, uint i03) {
+    uint nb20 = p.nb[num_srcs][0];
+    uint nb21 = p.nb[num_srcs][1];
+    uint nb22 = p.nb[num_srcs][2];
+    uint nb23 = p.nb[num_srcs][3];
+    return i03*nb23 + i02*nb22 + i01*nb21 + i00*nb20;
+}
+
+uint get_idx() {
+    return gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+}
+
+const uint num_threads = 256;
+
+layout(local_size_x = num_threads, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+#if ADD_RMS
+// XXX TODO this could be sized based on number of subgroups, but that't not considered a constant
+shared FLOAT_TYPE sumsh[num_threads];
+#endif
+
+void main() {
+    uint idx = get_idx();
+    uint orig_idx = idx;
+
+    uint ne = p.ne20 * p.ne21 * p.ne22 * p.ne23;
+
+    // num_threads * num_iter must equal 512, to match the wg_denoms and get_idx calculation
+    const uint num_iter = 2;
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE sum_sq = 0;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < num_iter; ++i) {
+        if (idx >= ne) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        uint i00, i01, i02, i03;
+        get_indices(idx, i00, i01, i02, i03, p.ne20, p.ne21, p.ne22, p.ne23);
+
+        FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0);
+        [[unroll]] for (uint s = 0; s < num_srcs; ++s) {
+            sum += load_a(s, src_idx(s, i00, i01, i02, i03));
+        }
+        sum_sq += sum*sum;
+        store_d(num_srcs, dst_idx(i00, i01, i02, i03), sum);
+
+        idx += num_threads;
+    }
+
+#if ADD_RMS
+    if (p.rms_partials != 0) {
+        // reduce the sum within each subgroup, then across subgroups
+        const uint NumSubgroups = num_threads / gl_SubgroupSize;
+        sum_sq = subgroupAdd(sum_sq);
+        if (gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+            sumsh[gl_SubgroupID] = sum_sq;
+        }
+        barrier();
+        [[unroll]] for (uint s = NumSubgroups / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+            if (gl_SubgroupID < s && gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+                sum_sq += sumsh[gl_SubgroupID + s];
+                sumsh[gl_SubgroupID] = sum_sq;
+            }
+            barrier();
+        }
+
+        if (gl_SubgroupID == 0 && gl_SubgroupInvocationID == 0) {
+            store_partial(num_srcs + 1, orig_idx / (num_iter * num_threads), sum_sq);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/neg.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/neg.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f9b1bce99a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/neg.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(-float(data_a[i]));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/norm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/norm.comp
index 6627a50bd94..cc3ea0b7606 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/norm.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/norm.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 #define BLOCK_SIZE 512
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/opt_step_adamw.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/opt_step_adamw.comp
index e0214fe7645..1f05f922cc2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/opt_step_adamw.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/opt_step_adamw.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/opt_step_sgd.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/opt_step_sgd.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1251f9cc641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/opt_step_sgd.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) buffer X {A_TYPE data_x[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer G {A_TYPE data_grad[];};
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer P {float data_params[2];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float alpha = data_params[0];
+    const float keep = 1.f - alpha * data_params[1];
+
+    data_x[i] = data_x[i] * keep - alpha * data_grad[i];
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pad.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pad.comp
index 450b67fc55d..5abd2f6fc69 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pad.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pad.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,30 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint ne;
+    uint ne00; uint ne01; uint ne02; uint ne03; uint nb00; uint nb01; uint nb02; uint nb03;
+    uint ne10; uint ne11; uint ne12; uint ne13; uint nb10; uint nb11; uint nb12; uint nb13;
+    uint misalign_offsets;
+    uint circular;
+
+    uint lp0; uint rp0;
+    uint lp1; uint rp1;
+    uint lp2; uint rp2;
+    uint lp3; uint rp3;
+} p;
+
+uint get_aoffset() { return p.misalign_offsets >> 16; }
+uint get_doffset() { return p.misalign_offsets & 0xFFFF; }
+
+uint wrap_around(int coord, uint size) {
+    return (uint(coord + int(size))) % size; // add size to avoid issues with negative
+}
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
@@ -19,10 +42,23 @@ void main() {
     const uint i1 = (idx - i3_offset - i2_offset) / p.ne10;
     const uint i0 = idx - i3_offset - i2_offset - i1*p.ne10;
 
-    const uint src0_idx = i3*p.nb03 + i2*p.nb02 + i1*p.nb01 + i0*p.nb00;
+    const uint src0_idx = (i3 - p.lp3)*p.nb03 + (i2 - p.lp2)*p.nb02 + (i1 - p.lp1)*p.nb01 + (i0 - p.lp0)*p.nb00;
     const uint dst_idx = i3*p.nb13 + i2*p.nb12 + i1*p.nb11 + i0*p.nb10;
 
-    const bool is_src0 = i0 < p.ne00 && i1 < p.ne01 && i2 < p.ne02 && i3 < p.ne03;
+    if (p.circular != 0u) {
+        const uint ci0 = wrap_around(int(i0) - int(p.lp0), p.ne00);
+        const uint ci1 = wrap_around(int(i1) - int(p.lp1), p.ne01);
+        const uint ci2 = wrap_around(int(i2) - int(p.lp2), p.ne02);
+        const uint ci3 = wrap_around(int(i3) - int(p.lp3), p.ne03);
+        const uint circular_src_idx = ci3*p.nb03 + ci2*p.nb02 + ci1*p.nb01 + ci0*p.nb00;
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx] = D_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + circular_src_idx]);
+    } else {
+        const bool is_src0 = i0 >= p.lp0 && i0 < p.ne10 - p.rp0 &&
+                             i1 >= p.lp1 && i1 < p.ne11 - p.rp1 &&
+                             i2 >= p.lp2 && i2 < p.ne12 - p.rp2 &&
+                             i3 >= p.lp3 && i3 < p.ne13 - p.rp3;
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx] = D_TYPE(is_src0 ? data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx] : 0.0f);
+    }
+
 
-    data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx] = D_TYPE(is_src0 ? data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx] : 0.0f);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pool2d.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pool2d.comp
index b6124411a05..d9d7166e361 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pool2d.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/pool2d.comp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/quantize_q8_1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/quantize_q8_1.comp
index e2e020fec2c..7ea29a07e37 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/quantize_q8_1.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/quantize_q8_1.comp
@@ -3,24 +3,39 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
 
+#ifdef USE_SUBGROUPS
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : require
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_clustered : require
+
+#define INVOCATION_ID gl_SubgroupInvocationID.x
+#else
+#define INVOCATION_ID gl_LocalInvocationID.x
+#endif
+
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 {
     uint ne;
+    uint num_blocks;
 } p;
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout(constant_id = 0) const uint GROUP_SIZE = 32;
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {vec4 data_a[];};
+#ifndef QBLOCK_X4
 layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {block_q8_1_packed32 data_b[];};
+#else
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {block_q8_1_x4 data_b[];};
+#endif
 
+#ifndef USE_SUBGROUPS
 shared float shmem[GROUP_SIZE];
+#endif
 
-void quantize() {
-    const uint wgid = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+void quantize(const uint wgid) {
+    const uint tid = INVOCATION_ID;
 
     // Each thread handles a vec4, so 8 threads handle a block
     const uint blocks_per_group = GROUP_SIZE / 8;
@@ -30,17 +45,25 @@ void quantize() {
     const uint ib = wgid * blocks_per_group + block_in_wg;
     const uint iqs = tid % 8;
 
-    if (ib >= gl_NumWorkGroups.x * blocks_per_group) {
+#ifdef QBLOCK_X4
+    const uint ibx4_outer = ib / 4;
+    const uint ibx4_inner = ib % 4;
+
+    const uint required_x4_blocks = (p.ne + 127) / 128;
+    if (ibx4_outer >= required_x4_blocks) {
         return;
     }
+#endif
 
     const uint a_idx = ib * 8 + iqs;
 
-    vec4 vals = a_idx < p.ne ? data_a[a_idx] : vec4(0.0f);
+    vec4 vals = a_idx < p.ne / 4 ? data_a[a_idx] : vec4(0.0f);
     const vec4 abs_vals = abs(vals);
 
     // Find absolute max for each block
-    shmem[tid] = max(max(abs_vals.x, abs_vals.y), max(abs_vals.z, abs_vals.w));
+    const float thread_max = max(max(abs_vals.x, abs_vals.y), max(abs_vals.z, abs_vals.w));
+#ifndef USE_SUBGROUPS
+    shmem[tid] = thread_max;
     barrier();
     [[unroll]] for (uint s = 4; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
         if (iqs < s) {
@@ -50,14 +73,28 @@ void quantize() {
     }
 
     const float amax = shmem[block_in_wg * 8];
+#else
+    const float amax = subgroupClusteredMax(thread_max, 8);
+#endif
+
     const float d = amax / 127.0;
     const float d_inv = d != 0.0 ? 1.0 / d : 0.0;
     vals = round(vals * d_inv);
+
+#ifndef QBLOCK_X4
     data_b[ib].qs[iqs] = pack32(i8vec4(round(vals)));
+#else
+    data_b[ibx4_outer].qs[ibx4_inner * 8 + iqs] = pack32(i8vec4(round(vals)));
+#endif
+
+#ifndef USE_SUBGROUPS
     barrier();
+#endif
 
     // Calculate the sum for each block
-    shmem[tid] = vals.x + vals.y + vals.z + vals.w;
+    const float thread_sum = vals.x + vals.y + vals.z + vals.w;
+#ifndef USE_SUBGROUPS
+    shmem[tid] = thread_sum;
     barrier();
     [[unroll]] for (uint s = 4; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
         if (iqs < s) {
@@ -65,13 +102,26 @@ void quantize() {
         }
         barrier();
     }
+#else
+    const float sum = subgroupClusteredAdd(thread_sum, 8);
+#endif
     if (iqs == 0) {
+#ifndef USE_SUBGROUPS
         const float sum = shmem[tid];
+#endif
 
+#ifndef QBLOCK_X4
         data_b[ib].ds = f16vec2(vec2(d, sum * d));
+#else
+        data_b[ibx4_outer].ds[ibx4_inner] = f16vec2(vec2(d, sum * d));
+#endif
     }
 }
 
 void main() {
-    quantize();
+    uint wgid = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    while (wgid < p.num_blocks) {
+        quantize(wgid);
+        wgid += gl_NumWorkGroups.x;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/reglu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/reglu.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..86be2669a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/reglu.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "glu_head.glsl"
+
+float op(float a, float b) {
+    return max(a, 0.0f) * b;
+}
+
+#include "glu_main.glsl"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/relu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/relu.comp
index 4f806270c77..5725cef2366 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/relu.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/relu.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat.comp
index 1568b141de5..8f4b9a8684e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat_back.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat_back.comp
index d86279934f1..87df782944a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat_back.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/repeat_back.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm.comp
index deb8ee9960f..55b89f19a7a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm.comp
@@ -1,16 +1,44 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#if RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer B {B_TYPE data_b[];};
+
+// data is passed from rms_norm -> rope through shared memory.
+// rms_norm calls this data_d, rope calls this rope_data_a.
+// Binding 2 is not used
+shared FLOAT_TYPE rope_data_a[1024];
+#define data_d rope_data_a
+
+layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer R_Y {int rope_data_pos[];};
+layout (binding = 4) readonly buffer R_Z {float rope_data_ff[];};
+layout (binding = 5) writeonly buffer R_D {ROPE_D_TYPE rope_data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 6) readonly buffer R_I {uvec2 rope_data_i[];}; // indices for set_rows
+
+#include "rope_params.glsl"
+#include "rope_funcs.glsl"
+
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL 0
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX   2
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE  8
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION 24
+
+#endif
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 #define BLOCK_SIZE 512
 
+layout (constant_id = 1) const bool do_multiply = false;
+
 layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
-shared FLOAT_TYPE sum[BLOCK_SIZE];
+shared FLOAT_TYPE sumsh[BLOCK_SIZE];
 
-void main() {
+void rms_norm(uint num_iters) {
     const uint ncols     = p.ne00;
     const uint nrows     = gl_NumWorkGroups.x;
     const uint nchannels = gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
@@ -25,28 +53,98 @@ void main() {
     const uint stride_sample    = p.nb03;
 
     uint32_t a_offset = samp*stride_sample + channel*stride_channel + row*stride_row + get_aoffset();
+    uint32_t b_offset = src1_idx(0, row, channel, samp) + get_boffset();
+#if RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION
+    // Per-row offset in shared memory
+    uint32_t d_offset = 0;
+#else
     uint32_t d_offset = ((samp*nchannels + channel)*nrows + row)*ncols + get_doffset();
+#endif
+    FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f); // partial sum for thread in warp
 
-    sum[tid] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f); // partial sum for thread in warp
-
-    [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid; col < ncols; col += BLOCK_SIZE) {
-        const FLOAT_TYPE xi = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]);
-        sum[tid] += xi * xi;
+    [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
+        FLOAT_TYPE xi = FLOAT_TYPE(0);
+        if (col < ncols) {
+            xi = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]);
+        }
+        sum += xi * xi;
     }
 
+    sumsh[tid] = sum;
     // sum up partial sums and write back result
     barrier();
     [[unroll]] for (int s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
         if (tid < s) {
-            sum[tid] += sum[tid + s];
+            sum += sumsh[tid + s];
+            sumsh[tid] = sum;
         }
         barrier();
     }
+    sum = sumsh[0];
 
-    const FLOAT_TYPE mean = sum[0] / FLOAT_TYPE(ncols);
+    const FLOAT_TYPE mean = sum / FLOAT_TYPE(ncols);
     const FLOAT_TYPE scale = inversesqrt(mean + FLOAT_TYPE(p.param1));
 
-    [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid; col < ncols; col += BLOCK_SIZE) {
-        data_d[d_offset + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]));
+    if (do_multiply) {
+        if (ncols > p.ne10) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
+                if (col >= ncols) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                data_d[d_offset + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]) * FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[b_offset + fastmod(col, p.ne10)]));
+            }
+        } else {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
+                if (col >= ncols) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                data_d[d_offset + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]) * FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[b_offset + col]));
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint col = tid, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
+            if (col >= ncols) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            data_d[d_offset + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]));
+        }
+    }
+#if RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION
+    barrier();
+    rope_params rp = p.rope;
+    for (uint t = 2*tid; t < ncols; t += 2*BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        if (rp.rope_mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX) {
+            rope_neox(t, row, channel, samp, rp);
+        } else if (rp.rope_mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL) {
+            rope_norm(t, row, channel, samp, rp);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void main() {
+    // instantiate the rms_norm function for several different
+    // dimensions, to allow loop unrolling
+    uint num_blocks = (p.ne00 + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
+    if (num_blocks > 32) {
+        rms_norm(num_blocks);
+    } else if (num_blocks > 16) {
+        rms_norm(32);
+    } else if (num_blocks > 12) {
+        rms_norm(16);
+    } else if (num_blocks > 10) {
+        rms_norm(12);
+    } else if (num_blocks > 8) {
+        rms_norm(10);
+    } else if (num_blocks > 4) {
+        rms_norm(8);
+    } else if (num_blocks == 4) {
+        rms_norm(4);
+    } else if (num_blocks == 3) {
+        rms_norm(3);
+    } else if (num_blocks == 2) {
+        rms_norm(2);
+    } else if (num_blocks == 1) {
+        rms_norm(1);
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm_back.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm_back.comp
index 76009f3df67..87707fc1494 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm_back.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm_back.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 #define BLOCK_SIZE 512
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm_partials.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm_partials.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4618b2c7e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rms_norm_partials.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 128
+
+layout (constant_id = 1) const bool do_multiply = false;
+
+layout(local_size_x = BLOCK_SIZE, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 3, std430) readonly buffer PartialsBuf {float partial_sums[];};
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE sumsh[BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+void main() {
+    const uint ncols     = p.ne00;
+    const uint nrows     = gl_NumWorkGroups.x;
+    const uint nchannels = gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+
+    const uint row       = 0;
+    const uint channel   = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint samp      = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
+    // The work is split across multiple workgroups in the x dimension. Each invocation
+    // processes one element
+    const uint tid       = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    const uint stride_row       = p.nb01;
+    const uint stride_channel   = p.nb02;
+    const uint stride_sample    = p.nb03;
+
+    uint32_t a_offset = samp*stride_sample + channel*stride_channel + row*stride_row + get_aoffset();
+    uint32_t b_offset = src1_idx(0, row, channel, samp) + get_boffset();
+    uint32_t d_offset = ((samp*nchannels + channel)*nrows + row)*ncols + get_doffset();
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f); // partial sum for thread in warp
+
+    uint32_t num_partials = p.param3;
+    for (uint32_t i = gl_SubgroupInvocationID; i < num_partials; i += gl_SubgroupSize) {
+        sum += partial_sums[i];
+    }
+    sum = subgroupAdd(sum);
+
+    uint col = tid;
+    if (col >= ncols) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const FLOAT_TYPE mean = sum / FLOAT_TYPE(ncols);
+    const FLOAT_TYPE scale = inversesqrt(mean + FLOAT_TYPE(p.param1));
+
+    if (do_multiply) {
+        if (ncols > p.ne10) {
+            data_d[d_offset + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]) * FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[b_offset + fastmod(col, p.ne10)]));
+        } else {
+            data_d[d_offset + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]) * FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[b_offset + col]));
+        }
+    } else {
+        data_d[d_offset + col] = D_TYPE(scale * FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_offset + col]));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/roll.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/roll.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68fbd0c7be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/roll.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+uint wrap_idx(int i, uint ne) {
+    if (i < 0) {
+        return i + ne;
+    } else if (i >= ne) {
+        return i - ne;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+void main() {
+    const uint idx = get_idx();
+    if (idx >= p.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint i3 = fastdiv(idx, p.ne1_012mp, p.ne1_012L);
+    const uint i3_offset = i3 * p.ne12*p.ne11*p.ne10;
+    const uint i2 = fastdiv(idx - i3_offset, p.ne1_01mp, p.ne1_01L);
+    const uint i2_offset = i2*p.ne11*p.ne10;
+    const uint i1 = fastdiv(idx - i3_offset - i2_offset, p.ne1_0mp, p.ne1_0L);
+    const uint i0 = idx - i3_offset - i2_offset - i1*p.ne10;
+
+    const uint p1 = floatBitsToUint(p.param1);
+    const uint p2 = floatBitsToUint(p.param2);
+    const int s0 = int(p1 >> 16)    - 0x8000;
+    const int s1 = int(p1 & 0xFFFF) - 0x8000;
+    const int s2 = int(p2 >> 16)    - 0x8000;
+    const int s3 = int(p2 & 0xFFFF) - 0x8000;
+
+    const uint i00 = wrap_idx(int(i0) - s0, p.ne10);
+    const uint i01 = wrap_idx(int(i1) - s1, p.ne11);
+    const uint i02 = wrap_idx(int(i2) - s2, p.ne12);
+    const uint i03 = wrap_idx(int(i3) - s3, p.ne13);
+
+    const uint a_idx = i03*p.nb03 + i02*p.nb02 + i01*p.nb01 + i00*p.nb00;
+    const uint d_idx = i3 *p.nb13 + i2 *p.nb12 + i1 *p.nb11 + i0 *p.nb10;
+
+    data_d[get_doffset() + d_idx] = D_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + a_idx]);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_funcs.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_funcs.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e53459909d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_funcs.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+
+float rope_yarn_ramp(const float low, const float high, const uint i0) {
+    const float y = (i0 / 2 - low) / max(0.001f, high - low);
+    return 1.0f - min(1.0f, max(0.0f, y));
+}
+
+uint rope_a_coord(const uint i0, const uint i01, const uint i02, const uint i03, rope_params p) {
+#if RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION
+    // Per-row offset in shared memory
+    const uint ix = i0;
+#else
+    const uint ix = i03*p.nb03 + i02*p.nb02 + i01*p.nb01 + i0;
+#endif
+    return ix;
+}
+
+void rope_yarn(const float theta_extrap, const uint i0, out float cos_theta, out float sin_theta, rope_params p) {
+    float mscale = p.attn_factor;
+    // Get n-d rotational scaling corrected for extrapolation
+    float theta_interp = p.freq_scale * theta_extrap;
+    float theta = theta_interp;
+    if (p.ext_factor != 0.0f) {
+        float ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp(p.corr_dims[0], p.corr_dims[1], i0) * p.ext_factor;
+        theta = theta_interp * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
+
+        // Get n-d magnitude scaling corrected for interpolation
+        mscale *= 1.0f + 0.1f * log(1.0f / p.freq_scale);
+    }
+    // Backprogagation uses inverted rotation
+    if (p.is_back != 0) {
+        theta = -theta;
+    }
+    cos_theta = cos(theta) * mscale;
+    sin_theta = sin(theta) * mscale;
+}
+
+void rope_norm(const uint i0, const uint i1, const uint i2, const uint i3, rope_params p) {
+    if (i0 >= p.ne00) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint idst = i0 + i1 * p.nb11 + i2 * p.nb12 + i3 * p.nb13;
+    const uint ix = rope_a_coord(i0, i1, i2, i3, p);
+
+    // Fusion optimization: ROPE + VIEW + SET_ROWS.
+    // The rope output is viewed as a 1D tensor and offset based on a row index in rope_data_i.
+    if (p.set_rows_stride != 0) {
+        idst = i1*p.nb11 + i0;
+        idst += rope_data_i[i2].x * p.set_rows_stride;
+    }
+
+    if (i0 >= p.n_dims) {
+        rope_data_d[idst + 0] = ROPE_D_TYPE(rope_data_a[ix + 0]);
+        rope_data_d[idst + 1] = ROPE_D_TYPE(rope_data_a[ix + 1]);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2] * pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+
+    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? rope_data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
+
+    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
+    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta, p);
+
+    const float x0 = float(rope_data_a[ix + 0]);
+    const float x1 = float(rope_data_a[ix + 1]);
+
+    rope_data_d[idst + 0] = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+    rope_data_d[idst + 1] = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+}
+
+void rope_neox(const uint i0, const uint i1, const uint i2, const uint i3, rope_params p) {
+    if (i0 >= p.ne00) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint idst = i0/2 + i1 * p.nb11 + i2 * p.nb12 + i3 * p.nb13;
+    const uint ix = rope_a_coord(i0/2, i1, i2, i3, p);
+
+    // Fusion optimization: ROPE + VIEW + SET_ROWS.
+    // The rope output is viewed as a 1D tensor and offset based on a row index in rope_data_i.
+    if (p.set_rows_stride != 0) {
+        idst = i1*p.nb11 + i0/2;
+        idst += rope_data_i[i2].x * p.set_rows_stride;
+    }
+
+    if (i0 >= p.n_dims) {
+        rope_data_d[idst + i0/2 + 0] = ROPE_D_TYPE(rope_data_a[ix + i0/2 + 0]);
+        rope_data_d[idst + i0/2 + 1] = ROPE_D_TYPE(rope_data_a[ix + i0/2 + 1]);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2] * pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+
+    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? rope_data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
+
+    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
+    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta, p);
+
+    const float x0 = float(rope_data_a[ix + 0]);
+    const float x1 = float(rope_data_a[ix + p.n_dims/2]);
+
+    rope_data_d[idst + 0]          = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+    rope_data_d[idst + p.n_dims/2] = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+}
+
+
+void rope_multi(const uint i0, const uint i1, const uint i2, const uint i3, rope_params p) {
+    if (i0 >= p.ne00) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint idst = i0/2 + i1 * p.nb11 + i2 * p.nb12 + i3 * p.nb13;
+    const uint ix = rope_a_coord(i0/2, i1, i2, i3, p);
+
+    // Fusion optimization: ROPE + VIEW + SET_ROWS.
+    // The rope output is viewed as a 1D tensor and offset based on a row index in rope_data_i.
+    if (p.set_rows_stride != 0) {
+        idst = i1*p.nb11 + i0/2;
+        idst += rope_data_i[i2].x * p.set_rows_stride;
+    }
+
+    if (i0 >= p.n_dims) {
+        rope_data_d[idst + i0/2 + 0] = ROPE_D_TYPE(rope_data_a[ix + i0/2 + 0]);
+        rope_data_d[idst + i0/2 + 1] = ROPE_D_TYPE(rope_data_a[ix + i0/2 + 1]);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int sect_dims = p.sections[0] + p.sections[1] + p.sections[2] + p.sections[3];
+    const int sec_w = p.sections[1] + p.sections[0];
+    const uint sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+
+    float theta_base = 0.0;
+    if (p.is_imrope != 0) {
+        if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * p.sections[1]) {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2 + p.ne02 * 1]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * p.sections[2]) {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2 + p.ne02 * 2]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * p.sections[0]) {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        } else {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2 + p.ne02 * 3]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (sector < p.sections[0]) {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        }
+        else if (sector >= p.sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2 + p.ne02 * 1]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        }
+        else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + p.sections[2]) {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2 + p.ne02 * 2]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        }
+        else if (sector >= sec_w + p.sections[2]) {
+            theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2 + p.ne02 * 3]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? rope_data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
+
+    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
+    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta, p);
+
+    const float x0 = float(rope_data_a[ix + 0]);
+    const float x1 = float(rope_data_a[ix + p.n_dims/2]);
+
+    rope_data_d[idst + 0]          = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+    rope_data_d[idst + p.n_dims/2] = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+}
+
+void rope_vision(const uint i0, const uint i1, const uint i2, const uint i3, rope_params p) {
+    if (i0 >= p.ne00) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint idst = i0/2 + i1 * p.nb11 + i2 * p.nb12 + i3 * p.nb13;
+    const uint ix = rope_a_coord(i0/2, i1, i2, i3, p);
+
+    const int sect_dims = p.sections[0] + p.sections[1];
+    const int sec_w = p.sections[1] + p.sections[0];
+    const uint sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+
+    float theta_base = 0.0;
+    if (sector < p.sections[0]) {
+        const uint p0 = sector;
+        theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2]*pow(p.theta_scale, p0);
+    }
+    else if (sector >= p.sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
+        const uint p0 = sector - p.sections[0];
+        theta_base = rope_data_pos[i2 + p.ne02]*pow(p.theta_scale, p0);
+    }
+
+    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? rope_data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
+
+    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
+    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta, p);
+
+    const float x0 = float(rope_data_a[ix + 0]);
+    const float x1 = float(rope_data_a[ix + p.n_dims]);
+
+    rope_data_d[idst + 0]        = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
+    rope_data_d[idst + p.n_dims] = ROPE_D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_head.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_head.comp
deleted file mode 100644
index 96c9c4cbd30..00000000000
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_head.comp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-#include "types.comp"
-
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
-#extension GL_EXT_spirv_intrinsics: enable
-
-#if RTE16
-spirv_execution_mode(capabilities = [4467], 4462, 16); // RoundingModeRTE, 16 bits
-#endif
-
-layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 256, local_size_z = 1) in;
-
-layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
-layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer Y {int data_pos[];};
-layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer Z {float data_ff[];};
-layout (binding = 3) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
-
-layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
-    uint ncols;
-    uint n_dims;
-    float freq_scale;
-    uint p_delta_rows;
-    float freq_base;
-    float ext_factor;
-    float attn_factor;
-    float corr_dims[2];
-    float theta_scale;
-    uint has_ff;
-    uint ne02;
-    uint s1;
-    uint s2;
-    int sections[4];
-    uint is_back;
-} p;
-
-float rope_yarn_ramp(const float low, const float high, const uint i0) {
-    const float y = (i0 / 2 - low) / max(0.001f, high - low);
-    return 1.0f - min(1.0f, max(0.0f, y));
-}
-
-void rope_yarn(const float theta_extrap, const uint i0, out float cos_theta, out float sin_theta) {
-    float mscale = p.attn_factor;
-    // Get n-d rotational scaling corrected for extrapolation
-    float theta_interp = p.freq_scale * theta_extrap;
-    float theta = theta_interp;
-    if (p.ext_factor != 0.0f) {
-        float ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp(p.corr_dims[0], p.corr_dims[1], i0) * p.ext_factor;
-        theta = theta_interp * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
-
-        // Get n-d magnitude scaling corrected for interpolation
-        mscale *= 1.0f + 0.1f * log(1.0f / p.freq_scale);
-    }
-    // Backprogagation uses inverted rotation
-    if (p.is_back != 0) {
-        theta = -theta;
-    }
-    cos_theta = cos(theta) * mscale;
-    sin_theta = sin(theta) * mscale;
-}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_head.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_head.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9b4d4c03f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_head.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "rope_params.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 256, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE rope_data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer Y {int rope_data_pos[];};
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer Z {float rope_data_ff[];};
+layout (binding = 3) writeonly buffer D {ROPE_D_TYPE rope_data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 4) readonly buffer I {uvec2 rope_data_i[];}; // indices for set_rows
+
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    rope_params pc;
+};
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_multi.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_multi.comp
index 4f5b1a0ecaf..1528fbeeaec 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_multi.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_multi.comp
@@ -1,60 +1,17 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "rope_head.comp"
+#include "rope_head.glsl"
+#include "rope_funcs.glsl"
 
 void main() {
     const uint i0 = 2*gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-    uint ne0 = p.ncols;
-    uint ne1 = p.p_delta_rows;
-    uint ne2 = p.ne02;
-
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+    const uint row = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x + 32768 * gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+    if (row >= pc.nrows) {
         return;
     }
+    const uint i3 = row / (pc.ne01*pc.ne02);
+    const uint i2 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02) / pc.ne01;
+    const uint i1 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02 - i2 * pc.ne01);
 
-    const uint row_dst = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
-
-    if (i0 >= p.n_dims) {
-        const uint i = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
-
-        data_d[i + 0] = data_a[i + 0];
-        data_d[i + 1] = data_a[i + 1];
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const uint row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const uint channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-
-    const uint idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0/2;
-    const uint ix   = channel_x*p.s2 + row_x*p.s1 + i0/2;
-
-    const int sect_dims = p.sections[0] + p.sections[1] + p.sections[2] + p.sections[3];
-    const int sec_w = p.sections[1] + p.sections[0];
-    const uint sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
-
-    float theta_base = 0.0;
-    if (sector < p.sections[0]) {
-        theta_base = data_pos[channel_x]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= p.sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
-        theta_base = data_pos[channel_x + ne2 * 1]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_w + p.sections[2]) {
-        theta_base = data_pos[channel_x + ne2 * 2]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= sec_w + p.sections[2]) {
-        theta_base = data_pos[channel_x + ne2 * 3]*pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-    }
-
-    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
-
-    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-    const float x0 = float(data_a[ix + 0]);
-    const float x1 = float(data_a[ix + p.n_dims/2]);
-
-    data_d[idst + 0]          = D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-    data_d[idst + p.n_dims/2] = D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+    rope_multi(i0, i1, i2, i3, pc);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_neox.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_neox.comp
index db775c456ca..ad0896095db 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_neox.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_neox.comp
@@ -1,43 +1,17 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "rope_head.comp"
+#include "rope_head.glsl"
+#include "rope_funcs.glsl"
 
 void main() {
     const uint i0 = 2*gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-    uint ne0 = p.ncols;
-    uint ne1 = p.p_delta_rows;
-
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const uint row_dst = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
-
-    if (i0 >= p.n_dims) {
-        const uint i = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
-
-        data_d[i + 0] = data_a[i + 0];
-        data_d[i + 1] = data_a[i + 1];
-
+    const uint row = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x + 32768 * gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+    if (row >= pc.nrows) {
         return;
     }
+    const uint i3 = row / (pc.ne01*pc.ne02);
+    const uint i2 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02) / pc.ne01;
+    const uint i1 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02 - i2 * pc.ne01);
 
-    const uint row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const uint channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-
-    const uint idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0/2;
-    const uint ix   = channel_x*p.s2 + row_x*p.s1 + i0/2;
-
-    const float theta_base = data_pos[channel_x] * pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-
-    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
-
-    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-    const float x0 = float(data_a[ix + 0]);
-    const float x1 = float(data_a[ix + p.n_dims/2]);
-
-    data_d[idst + 0]          = D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-    data_d[idst + p.n_dims/2] = D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+    rope_neox(i0, i1, i2, i3, pc);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_norm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_norm.comp
index 4ad35e549d7..11220817df0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_norm.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_norm.comp
@@ -1,43 +1,17 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "rope_head.comp"
+#include "rope_head.glsl"
+#include "rope_funcs.glsl"
 
 void main() {
     const uint i0 = 2*gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-    uint ne0 = p.ncols;
-    uint ne1 = p.p_delta_rows;
-
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const uint row_dst = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
-
-    if (i0 >= p.n_dims) {
-        const uint i = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
-
-        data_d[i + 0] = data_a[i + 0];
-        data_d[i + 1] = data_a[i + 1];
-
+    const uint row = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x + 32768 * gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+    if (row >= pc.nrows) {
         return;
     }
+    const uint i3 = row / (pc.ne01*pc.ne02);
+    const uint i2 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02) / pc.ne01;
+    const uint i1 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02 - i2 * pc.ne01);
 
-    const uint row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const uint channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-
-    const uint idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0;
-    const uint ix   = channel_x*p.s2 + row_x*p.s1 + i0;
-
-    const float theta_base = data_pos[channel_x] * pow(p.theta_scale, i0/2.0f);
-
-    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
-
-    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-    const float x0 = float(data_a[ix + 0]);
-    const float x1 = float(data_a[ix + 1]);
-
-    data_d[idst + 0] = D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-    data_d[idst + 1] = D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+    rope_norm(i0, i1, i2, i3, pc);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_params.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_params.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec6ceaca9bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_params.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#if !defined(GGML_ROPE_PARAMS)
+#define GGML_ROPE_PARAMS
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+
+struct rope_params {
+    uint rope_mode;
+    uint nrows;
+    uint n_dims;
+    float freq_scale;
+    float freq_base;
+    float ext_factor;
+    float attn_factor;
+    float corr_dims[2];
+    float theta_scale;
+    uint has_ff;
+    int sections[4];
+    uint is_imrope;
+    uint is_back;
+    uint set_rows_stride;
+
+    uint ne00;
+    uint ne01;
+    uint ne02;
+    uint nb01;
+    uint nb02;
+    uint nb03;
+    uint nb11;
+    uint nb12;
+    uint nb13;
+};
+
+#endif // !defined(GGML_ROPE_PARAMS)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_vision.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_vision.comp
index cedacc4d144..ca71efb2f55 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_vision.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rope_vision.comp
@@ -1,47 +1,17 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "rope_head.comp"
+#include "rope_head.glsl"
+#include "rope_funcs.glsl"
 
 void main() {
     const uint i0 = 2*gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
-    uint ne0 = p.ncols;
-    uint ne1 = p.p_delta_rows;
-    uint ne2 = p.ne02;
-
-    if (i0 >= ne0) {
+    const uint row = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x + 32768 * gl_GlobalInvocationID.z;
+    if (row >= pc.nrows) {
         return;
     }
+    const uint i3 = row / (pc.ne01*pc.ne02);
+    const uint i2 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02) / pc.ne01;
+    const uint i1 = (row - i3 * pc.ne01*pc.ne02 - i2 * pc.ne01);
 
-    const uint row_dst = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
-
-    const uint row_x     = row_dst % ne1;
-    const uint channel_x = row_dst / ne1;
-
-    const uint idst = row_dst*ne0 + i0/2;
-    const uint ix   = channel_x*p.s2 + row_x*p.s1 + i0/2;
-
-    const int sect_dims = p.sections[0] + p.sections[1];
-    const int sec_w = p.sections[1] + p.sections[0];
-    const uint sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
-
-    float theta_base = 0.0;
-    if (sector < p.sections[0]) {
-        const uint p0 = sector;
-        theta_base = data_pos[channel_x]*pow(p.theta_scale, p0);
-    }
-    else if (sector >= p.sections[0] && sector < sec_w) {
-        const uint p0 = sector - p.sections[0];
-        theta_base = data_pos[channel_x + ne2]*pow(p.theta_scale, p0);
-    }
-
-    const float freq_factor = p.has_ff != 0 ? data_ff[i0/2] : 1.0f;
-
-    float cos_theta, sin_theta;
-    rope_yarn(theta_base / freq_factor, i0, cos_theta, sin_theta);
-
-    const float x0 = float(data_a[ix + 0]);
-    const float x1 = float(data_a[ix + p.n_dims]);
-
-    data_d[idst + 0]        = D_TYPE(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
-    data_d[idst + p.n_dims] = D_TYPE(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+    rope_vision(i0, i1, i2, i3, pc);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/round.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/round.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6155dcbf33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/round.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    float result;
+    // Round halfway cases away from zero as roundf does.
+    if (x >= 0.0) {
+        result = floor(x + 0.5);
+    } else {
+        result = ceil(x - 0.5);
+    }
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(result);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rte.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rte.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ad51c1e80b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/rte.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+#if RTE16
+#extension GL_EXT_spirv_intrinsics : enable
+spirv_execution_mode(capabilities = [4467], 4462, 16); // RoundingModeRTE, 16 bits
+#endif // RTE16
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/scale.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/scale.comp
index 4663428dee0..35ec726a01c 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/scale.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/scale.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 const uint num_threads = 128;
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ void main() {
             continue;
         }
 
-        data_d[get_doffset() + idx] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + idx]) * FLOAT_TYPE(p.param1));
+        data_d[get_doffset() + idx] = D_TYPE(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + idx]) * FLOAT_TYPE(p.param1) + FLOAT_TYPE(p.param2));
         idx += num_threads;
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sgn.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sgn.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a9c147bf9ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sgn.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(sign(float(data_a[i])));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sigmoid.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sigmoid.comp
index 5c9e5c35032..32298d43c60 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sigmoid.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sigmoid.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu.comp
index 4d36f88e089..7d1cc6f45ab 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu_back.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu_back.comp
index f9afa9b13c1..e5d949ff180 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu_back.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/silu_back.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sin.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sin.comp
index d7c15a16959..61f17b2f006 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sin.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sin.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max.comp
index 51fc2dc7ed4..dca0d896bc2 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max.comp
@@ -6,22 +6,32 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 {
     uint KX;
     uint KY;
+    uint ne00;
+    uint ne01;
+    uint ne02;
+    uint ne12;
+    uint ne13;
+    uint nb11;
+    uint nb12;
+    uint nb13;
     float scale;
     float max_bias;
     float m0;
     float m1;
     uint n_head_log2;
     uint nrows_x;
+    uint has_sinks;
 } p;
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout(constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
 layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer Y {B_TYPE data_b[];};
-layout (binding = 2) buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer Z {float data_c[];};
+layout (binding = 3) buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
 shared FLOAT_TYPE vals[BLOCK_SIZE];
 
@@ -31,7 +41,15 @@ shared FLOAT_TYPE vals[BLOCK_SIZE];
 void soft_max(uint num_iters) {
     const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
     const uint rowx = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x;
-    const uint rowy = (p.KY > 0) ? (rowx % p.KY) : 0;
+
+    const uint32_t i03 = rowx / (p.ne01 * p.ne02);
+    const uint32_t i02 = (rowx - i03 * p.ne01 * p.ne02) / p.ne01;
+    const uint32_t i01 = rowx % p.ne01;
+
+    uint rowy_start = 0;
+    if (p.KY > 0) {
+        rowy_start = i01 * p.nb11 + (i02 % p.ne12) * p.nb12 + (i03 % p.ne13) * p.nb13;
+    }
 
     if (rowx >= p.nrows_x) {
         return;
@@ -41,16 +59,16 @@ void soft_max(uint num_iters) {
 
     // ALiBi
     if (p.max_bias > 0.0f) {
-        const uint h = rowx/p.KY; // head index
+        const uint h = (rowx / p.ne01) % p.ne02; // head index
 
         const float base = h < p.n_head_log2 ? p.m0 : p.m1;
-        const uint   exp  = h < p.n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - p.n_head_log2) + 1;
+        const uint   exp = h < p.n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - p.n_head_log2) + 1;
 
         slope = pow(base, exp);
     }
 
     // Find max
-    FLOAT_TYPE max_val = uintBitsToFloat(0xFF800000);
+    FLOAT_TYPE max_val = p.has_sinks == 0 ? uintBitsToFloat(0xFF800000) : data_c[i02];
 
     // Cache values while we compute the max, so we don't need to read them
     // again when we're ready to compute exp(x-max).
@@ -67,7 +85,7 @@ void soft_max(uint num_iters) {
 
         FLOAT_TYPE b = FLOAT_TYPE(0);
         if (p.KY > 0 && col < p.KX) {
-            b = data_b[rowy * p.KX + col];
+            b = data_b[rowy_start + col];
         }
 
         FLOAT_TYPE v = a * p.scale + slope * b;
@@ -111,7 +129,7 @@ void soft_max(uint num_iters) {
         if (idx < DATA_CACHE_SIZE) {
             val = exp(data_cache[idx] - max_val);
         } else {
-            val = exp(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i]) * p.scale + (p.KY > 0 ? slope * FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[rowy * p.KX + col]) : FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f)) - max_val);
+            val = exp(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i]) * p.scale + (p.KY > 0 ? slope * FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[rowy_start + col]) : FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f)) - max_val);
         }
         sum += val;
         if (idx < DATA_CACHE_SIZE) {
@@ -132,6 +150,10 @@ void soft_max(uint num_iters) {
     }
     sum = vals[0];
 
+    if (p.has_sinks != 0) {
+        sum += FLOAT_TYPE(exp(FLOAT_TYPE(data_c[i02]) - max_val));
+    }
+
     FLOAT_TYPE rcpdivisor = 1.0/sum;
 
     [[unroll]] for (uint col0 = 0, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col0 += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_back.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_back.comp
index 29bd77d7e1c..d873332eeb8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_back.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_back.comp
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout(constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ void main() {
     const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x;
     const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
 
+    if (row >= p.KY) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     FLOAT_TYPE scale = p.param1;
 
     // partial sums for thread in warp
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large1.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large1.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39c46639122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large1.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "soft_max_large_common.glsl"
+
+void main() {
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    const uint rowx = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint wg_start = gl_WorkGroupID.x * BLOCK_SIZE * num_iters;
+
+    const uint32_t i03 = rowx / (p.ne01 * p.ne02);
+    const uint32_t i02 = (rowx - i03 * p.ne01 * p.ne02) / p.ne01;
+    const uint32_t i01 = rowx % p.ne01;
+
+    uint rowy_start = 0;
+    if (p.KY > 0) {
+        rowy_start = i01 * p.nb11 + (i02 % p.ne12) * p.nb12 + (i03 % p.ne13) * p.nb13;
+    }
+
+    if (rowx >= p.nrows_x) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float slope = get_slope(rowx);
+
+    // Find max
+    FLOAT_TYPE max_val = p.has_sinks == 0 ? uintBitsToFloat(0xFF800000) : data_c[i02];
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint col0 = wg_start, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col0 += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
+        const uint col = col0 + tid;
+
+        FLOAT_TYPE a = FLOAT_TYPE(0);
+        if (col < p.KX) {
+            a = data_a[rowx * p.KX + col];
+        }
+
+        FLOAT_TYPE b = FLOAT_TYPE(0);
+        if (p.KY > 0 && col < p.KX) {
+            b = data_b[rowy_start + col];
+        }
+
+        FLOAT_TYPE v = a * p.scale + slope * b;
+
+        if (col < p.KX) {
+            max_val = max(max_val, v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // reduce across the workgroup
+    vals[tid] = max_val;
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            vals[tid] = max(vals[tid], vals[tid + s]);
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        max_val = vals[0];
+        data_m[rowx * gl_NumWorkGroups.x + gl_WorkGroupID.x] = max_val;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large2.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69524f5f756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large2.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "soft_max_large_common.glsl"
+
+void main() {
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    const uint rowx = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint wg_start = gl_WorkGroupID.x * BLOCK_SIZE * num_iters;
+
+    const uint32_t i03 = rowx / (p.ne01 * p.ne02);
+    const uint32_t i02 = (rowx - i03 * p.ne01 * p.ne02) / p.ne01;
+    const uint32_t i01 = rowx % p.ne01;
+
+    uint rowy_start = 0;
+    if (p.KY > 0) {
+        rowy_start = i01 * p.nb11 + (i02 % p.ne12) * p.nb12 + (i03 % p.ne13) * p.nb13;
+    }
+
+    if (rowx >= p.nrows_x) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float slope = get_slope(rowx);
+
+    // Find max
+    FLOAT_TYPE max_val = p.has_sinks == 0 ? uintBitsToFloat(0xFF800000) : data_c[i02];
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < gl_NumWorkGroups.x; i += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        if (i + tid < gl_NumWorkGroups.x) {
+            max_val = max(max_val, data_m[rowx * gl_NumWorkGroups.x + i + tid]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // reduce across the workgroup
+    vals[tid] = max_val;
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            vals[tid] = max(max_val, vals[tid + s]);
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    max_val = vals[0];
+    barrier();
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f);
+
+    // Compute sum{exp(x - max)}
+    [[unroll]] for (uint col0 = wg_start, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col0 += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
+        const uint col = col0 + tid;
+
+        if (col >= p.KX) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // compute exp(a*scale+b*slope), add it to sum
+        const uint i = rowx * p.KX + col;
+        FLOAT_TYPE val;
+        val = exp(FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[i]) * p.scale + (p.KY > 0 ? slope * FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[rowy_start + col]) : FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f)) - max_val);
+        sum += val;
+        data_d[i] = D_TYPE(val);
+    }
+
+    // reduce across the workgroup
+    vals[tid] = sum;
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            vals[tid] += vals[tid + s];
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        sum = vals[0];
+        data_s[rowx * gl_NumWorkGroups.x + gl_WorkGroupID.x] = sum;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large3.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large3.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06efd7d9fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large3.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "soft_max_large_common.glsl"
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE sumsh[BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+void main() {
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    const uint rowx = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    const uint wg_start = gl_WorkGroupID.x * BLOCK_SIZE * num_iters;
+
+    const uint32_t i03 = rowx / (p.ne01 * p.ne02);
+    const uint32_t i02 = (rowx - i03 * p.ne01 * p.ne02) / p.ne01;
+    const uint32_t i01 = rowx % p.ne01;
+
+    uint rowy_start = 0;
+    if (p.KY > 0) {
+        rowy_start = i01 * p.nb11 + (i02 % p.ne12) * p.nb12 + (i03 % p.ne13) * p.nb13;
+    }
+
+    if (rowx >= p.nrows_x) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE max_val = p.has_sinks == 0 ? uintBitsToFloat(0xFF800000) : data_c[i02];
+    FLOAT_TYPE sum = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f);
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < gl_NumWorkGroups.x; i += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        if (i + tid < gl_NumWorkGroups.x) {
+            max_val = max(max_val, data_m[rowx * gl_NumWorkGroups.x + i + tid]);
+            sum += data_s[rowx * gl_NumWorkGroups.x + i + tid];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // reduce across the workgroup
+    vals[tid] = max_val;
+    sumsh[tid] = sum;
+    barrier();
+    [[unroll]] for (uint s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+        if (tid < s) {
+            vals[tid] = max(max_val, vals[tid + s]);
+            sumsh[tid] += sumsh[tid + s];
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    max_val = vals[0];
+    sum = sumsh[0];
+
+    if (p.has_sinks != 0) {
+        sum += FLOAT_TYPE(exp(FLOAT_TYPE(data_c[i02]) - max_val));
+    }
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE rcpdivisor = 1.0/sum;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint col0 = wg_start, idx = 0; idx < num_iters; col0 += BLOCK_SIZE, ++idx) {
+        const uint col = col0 + tid;
+
+        if (col >= p.KX) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        data_d[rowx*p.KX + col] *= D_TYPE(rcpdivisor);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large_common.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large_common.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6636d1f8dea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/soft_max_large_common.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint KX;
+    uint KY;
+    uint ne00;
+    uint ne01;
+    uint ne02;
+    uint ne12;
+    uint ne13;
+    uint nb11;
+    uint nb12;
+    uint nb13;
+    float scale;
+    float max_bias;
+    float m0;
+    float m1;
+    uint n_head_log2;
+    uint nrows_x;
+    uint has_sinks;
+} p;
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 128;
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const uint num_iters = 4;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) readonly buffer Y {B_TYPE data_b[];};
+layout (binding = 2) readonly buffer Z {float data_c[];};
+layout (binding = 3) buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 4) buffer M {float data_m[];};
+layout (binding = 5) buffer S {float data_s[];};
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE vals[BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+float get_slope(uint rowx) {
+    float slope = 1.0f;
+
+    // ALiBi
+    if (p.max_bias > 0.0f) {
+        const uint h = (rowx / p.ne01) % p.ne02; // head index
+
+        const float base = h < p.n_head_log2 ? p.m0 : p.m1;
+        const uint   exp = h < p.n_head_log2 ? h + 1 : 2*(h - p.n_head_log2) + 1;
+
+        slope = pow(base, exp);
+    }
+
+    return slope;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/softplus.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/softplus.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..323e3cdea41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/softplus.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    const float result = (x > 20.0f) ? x : log(1.0f + exp(x));
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(result);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/solve_tri.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/solve_tri.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b65145032c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/solve_tri.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
+
+layout (constant_id = 1) const uint N = 64;
+layout (constant_id = 2) const uint K = 32;
+layout (constant_id = 3) const uint BATCH_N = 32;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 4, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+uint a_base, b_base, x_base;
+
+FLOAT_TYPE get_a(uint r, uint c) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[a_base + r * p.nb01 + c * p.nb00]);
+}
+
+FLOAT_TYPE get_b(uint r, uint c) {
+    return FLOAT_TYPE(data_b[b_base + r * p.nb11 + c * p.nb10]);
+}
+
+void store_x(uint r, uint c, FLOAT_TYPE v) {
+    data_d[x_base + r * p.nb21 + c * p.nb20] = D_TYPE(v);
+}
+
+shared FLOAT_TYPE shA[BATCH_N * N];
+shared FLOAT_TYPE shB[BATCH_N * K];
+
+void main() {
+    const uint batch = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (batch >= p.ne02 * p.ne03) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint i3 = batch / p.ne22;
+    const uint i2 = batch % p.ne22;
+    a_base = get_aoffset() + i2 * p.nb02 + i3 * p.nb03;
+    b_base = get_boffset() + i2 * p.nb12 + i3 * p.nb13;
+    x_base = get_doffset() + i2 * p.nb22 + i3 * p.nb23;
+
+    FLOAT_TYPE X[N];
+
+    // Loop over batches of rows
+    [[unroll]] for (uint row_base = 0; row_base < N; row_base += BATCH_N) {
+        const uint cur_N = min(BATCH_N, N - row_base);
+
+        // Load the A matrix batch into shA
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < cur_N * N; i += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+            uint idx = i + tid;
+            if (((cur_N * N) % gl_WorkGroupSize.x == 0) || idx < cur_N * N) {
+                shA[idx] = get_a(row_base + idx / N, idx % N);
+            }
+        }
+        // Load the B matrix batch into shB
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < cur_N * K; i += gl_WorkGroupSize.x) {
+            uint idx = i + tid;
+            if (((cur_N * K) % gl_WorkGroupSize.x == 0) || idx < cur_N * K) {
+                shB[idx] = get_b(row_base + idx / K, idx % K);
+            }
+        }
+        barrier();
+
+        // Each thread solves one column
+        if (tid < K) {
+            [[unroll]] for (uint row_offset = 0; row_offset < cur_N; ++row_offset) {
+                uint r = row_base + row_offset;
+                FLOAT_TYPE b = shB[row_offset * K + tid];
+                // Compute x[r,c] = (b[r,c] - sum(a[r,c]*x[c])) / a[r,r]
+                [[unroll]] for (int c = 0; c < r; ++c) {
+                    b -= shA[row_offset * N + c] * X[c];
+                }
+                FLOAT_TYPE x = b / shA[row_offset * N + r];
+                X[r] = x;
+                store_x(r, tid, x);
+            }
+        }
+        barrier();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sqrt.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sqrt.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70daad6c5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sqrt.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+void main() {
+    const uint idx = get_idx();
+
+    if (idx >= p.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const FLOAT_TYPE val = FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(idx)]);
+    data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(idx)] = D_TYPE(sqrt(val));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/square.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/square.comp
index ef43598baf3..4eb56afcb1e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/square.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/square.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_unary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ssm_conv.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ssm_conv.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6802b1fc955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ssm_conv.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const uint TOKENS_PER_WG = 16;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y_id = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src0 { float src0[]; };
+layout(binding = 1) readonly buffer Src1 { float src1[]; };
+layout(binding = 2) buffer Dst { float dst[]; };
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
+    uint nb01; uint nb02;
+    uint nb11;
+    uint dst_nb0; uint dst_nb1; uint dst_nb2;
+    uint nc; uint ncs; uint nr; uint n_t; uint n_s;
+};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i1 = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+    const uint i2 = gl_WorkGroupID.y * TOKENS_PER_WG + gl_LocalInvocationID.y;
+    const uint i3 = gl_WorkGroupID.z;
+
+    if (i1 >= nr || i2 >= n_t || i3 >= n_s) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint src0_base = i3 * (nb02 / 4) + i2 + i1 * (nb01 / 4);
+    const uint src1_base = i1 * (nb11 / 4);
+
+    float sum = 0.0;
+
+    if (nc == 4) {
+        sum = dot(
+            vec4(src0[src0_base], src0[src0_base + 1], src0[src0_base + 2], src0[src0_base + 3]),
+            vec4(src1[src1_base], src1[src1_base + 1], src1[src1_base + 2], src1[src1_base + 3])
+        );
+    } else {
+        [[unroll]] for (uint i0 = 0; i0 < nc; i0++) {
+            sum += src0[src0_base + i0] * src1[src1_base + i0];
+        }
+    }
+
+    const uint dst_idx = i3 * (dst_nb2 / 4) + i2 * (dst_nb1 / 4) + i1;
+    dst[dst_idx] = sum;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ssm_scan.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ssm_scan.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7416206dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/ssm_scan.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#if USE_SUBGROUP_ADD
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#endif
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint D_STATE = 128;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const uint SUBGROUP_SIZE = 32;
+
+const uint32_t c_factor = D_STATE / SUBGROUP_SIZE;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src0 { float s0[]; };
+layout(binding = 1) readonly buffer Src1 { float x[]; };
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Src2 { float dt[]; };
+layout(binding = 3) readonly buffer Src3 { float A[]; };
+layout(binding = 4) readonly buffer Src4 { float B[]; };
+layout(binding = 5) readonly buffer Src5 { float C[]; };
+layout(binding = 6) readonly buffer Src6 { int ids[]; };
+layout(binding = 7) buffer Dst { float d[]; };
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
+    uint nb02; uint nb03; uint nb12; uint nb13;
+    uint nb21; uint nb22; uint nb31;
+    uint nb42; uint nb43; uint nb52; uint nb53;
+    uint s_off;
+    uint n_head;
+    uint d_head;
+    uint n_group;
+    uint n_tok;
+};
+
+float softplus(float x) {
+    if (x <= 20.0) {
+        return log(1.0 + exp(x));
+    } else {
+        return x;
+    }
+}
+
+#if !USE_SUBGROUP_ADD
+shared float temp[D_STATE];
+#endif
+
+void main() {
+    const uint subgroup = gl_SubgroupID;
+    const uint lane     = gl_SubgroupInvocationID;
+    const uint tid      = gl_SubgroupID * SUBGROUP_SIZE + lane;
+    const uint subgroup_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x  * c_factor + subgroup;
+
+    const uint head_idx =  subgroup_idx / d_head;
+    const uint head_off = (subgroup_idx % d_head) * 4;
+    const uint seq_idx  = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+
+    const uint group_off = (head_idx / (n_head / n_group)) * D_STATE * 4;
+    const uint s0_base_idx = (uint(ids[seq_idx]) * nb03 + head_idx * nb02 + head_off * D_STATE) / 4;
+    const uint x_base_idx = (seq_idx * nb13 + subgroup_idx * 4) / 4;
+    const uint dt_base_idx = (seq_idx * nb22 + head_idx * 4) / 4;
+    const uint A_base_idx = (head_idx * nb31) / 4;
+    const uint B_base_idx = (seq_idx * nb43 + group_off) / 4;
+    const uint C_base_idx = (seq_idx * nb53 + group_off) / 4;
+    const uint y_base_idx = seq_idx * n_tok * n_head * d_head + subgroup_idx;
+    const uint s_base_idx = (s_off + seq_idx * nb03 + head_idx * nb02 + head_off * D_STATE) / 4;
+
+    const uint stride_x = nb12 / 4;
+    const uint stride_dt = nb21 / 4;
+    const uint stride_B = nb42 / 4;
+    const uint stride_C = nb52 / 4;
+    const uint stride_y = n_head * d_head;
+
+    float state[c_factor];
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+        state[j] = s0[s0_base_idx + SUBGROUP_SIZE * j + lane];
+    }
+
+    float a = A[A_base_idx];
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < n_tok; i++) {
+        float dt_soft_plus = softplus(dt[dt_base_idx + i * stride_dt]);
+
+        float state_sum = 0.0f;
+
+        const float dA   = exp(dt_soft_plus * a);
+        const float x_dt = x[x_base_idx + i * stride_x] * dt_soft_plus;
+        [[unroll]] for (uint j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+            float B_val = B[B_base_idx + i * stride_B + SUBGROUP_SIZE * j + lane];
+            float C_val = C[C_base_idx + i * stride_C + SUBGROUP_SIZE * j + lane];
+            state[j] = (state[j] * dA) + (B_val * x_dt);
+            state_sum += state[j] * C_val;
+        }
+
+#if USE_SUBGROUP_ADD
+        state_sum = subgroupAdd(state_sum);
+#else
+        temp[tid] = state_sum;
+        barrier();
+        [[unroll]] for (uint s = SUBGROUP_SIZE / 2; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
+            if (lane < s) {
+                temp[tid] += temp[tid + s];
+            }
+            barrier();
+        }
+        // get the value from lane 0
+        state_sum = temp[subgroup * SUBGROUP_SIZE];
+        barrier();
+#endif
+
+        if (lane == 0) {
+            d[y_base_idx + i * stride_y] = state_sum;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // write back the state
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (int j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+        d[s_base_idx + SUBGROUP_SIZE * j + lane] = state[j];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/step.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/step.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..654a2124e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/step.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(x >= 0.0f ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sub.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sub.comp
index 72353cc3296..bc924b520a7 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sub.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sub.comp
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
 
-#include "types.comp"
-#include "generic_binary_head.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_binary_head.glsl"
 
 const uint num_threads = 256;
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sum_rows.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sum_rows.comp
index 961e5ffa1f5..13ba2e99dcc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sum_rows.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sum_rows.comp
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "sum_rows.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
 layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
@@ -16,11 +17,20 @@ shared FLOAT_TYPE tmp[BLOCK_SIZE];
 void main() {
     const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.z * 262144 + gl_WorkGroupID.y * 512 + gl_WorkGroupID.x;
     const uint col = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    const float weight = p.weight;
+
+    const uint i03 = fastdiv(row, p.ne0_12mp, p.ne0_12L);
+    const uint i03_offset = i03 * p.ne01*p.ne02;
+    const uint i02 = fastdiv(row - i03_offset, p.ne0_1mp, p.ne0_1L);
+    const uint i01 = row - i03_offset - i02*p.ne01;
+
+    const uint src_idx = get_aoffset() + i01 * p.nb01 + i02 * p.nb02 + i03 * p.nb03;
+    const uint dst_idx = get_doffset() + i01 * p.nb11 + i02 * p.nb12 + i03 * p.nb13;
 
-    tmp[col] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0f);
+    tmp[col] = FLOAT_TYPE(0.0);
 
-    for (uint i = col; i < p.KX; i += BLOCK_SIZE) {
-        tmp[col] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[row*p.KX + i]);
+    for (uint i = col; i < p.n_cols; i += BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        tmp[col] += FLOAT_TYPE(data_a[src_idx + i]);
     }
 
     barrier();
@@ -32,6 +42,6 @@ void main() {
     }
 
     if (col == 0) {
-        data_d[row] = D_TYPE(tmp[0]);
+        data_d[dst_idx] = D_TYPE(tmp[0] * weight);
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sum_rows.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sum_rows.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2b841baa6bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/sum_rows.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+// vk_op_sum_rows_push_constants
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint n_cols;
+    uint ne01, ne02;
+    uint nb01, nb02, nb03;
+    uint nb11, nb12, nb13;
+    float weight;
+    uint misalign_offsets;
+    uint ne0_12mp, ne0_12L;
+    uint ne0_1mp, ne0_1L;
+} p;
+
+uint get_aoffset() { return p.misalign_offsets >> 16; }
+uint get_doffset() { return p.misalign_offsets & 0xFFFF; }
+
+// see init_fastdiv_values in ggml-vulkan.cpp
+uint fastdiv(uint n, uint mp, uint L) {
+    uint msbs, lsbs;
+    // msbs = mulhi(n, mp)
+    umulExtended(n, mp, msbs, lsbs);
+    return (msbs + n) >> L;
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/swiglu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/swiglu.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4fee433a126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/swiglu.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "glu_head.glsl"
+
+float op(float a, float b) {
+    return a / (1.0f + exp(-a)) * b;
+}
+
+#include "glu_main.glsl"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/swiglu_oai.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/swiglu_oai.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bda9dea21c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/swiglu_oai.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "glu_head.glsl"
+
+float op(float a, float b) {
+    float xi = min(a, p.limit);
+    float gi = max(min(b, p.limit), -p.limit);
+
+    float out_glu = xi / (1.0f + exp(-xi * p.alpha));
+    out_glu = out_glu * (1.0f + gi);
+    return out_glu;
+}
+
+#include "glu_main.glsl"
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/tanh.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/tanh.comp
index 8a6f868f58a..7b5eb413bf4 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/tanh.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/tanh.comp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #version 450
 
-#include "generic_head.comp"
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/timestep_embedding.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/timestep_embedding.comp
index 79e065a9313..16055654573 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/timestep_embedding.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/timestep_embedding.comp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
     uint max_period;
 } p;
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 #extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
 #define BLOCK_SIZE 256
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ void main() {
     const uint j = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
     const uint d_offset = i * p.nb1;
 
-    if (p.dim % 2 != 0 && j == ((p.dim + 1) / 2)) {
-        data_d[d_offset + p.dim] = 0.f;
+    const uint half_dim = p.dim / 2;
+
+    if (p.dim % 2 != 0 && j == half_dim) {
+        data_d[d_offset + 2 * half_dim] = 0.f;
     }
 
-    const uint half_dim = p.dim / 2;
     if (j >= half_dim) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_argsort.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_argsort.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49d4ab8e7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_argsort.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const int BLOCK_SIZE = 1024;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const int NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2 = 10;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+// Input can either be the source (A) or intermediate values (S).
+// Similarly, output can be either destination (D) or intermediate values (S).
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer S {ivec2 data_s[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {int data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer T {ivec2 data_t[];};
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    uint orig_ncols;
+    uint ncols_input;
+    uint ncols_output;
+    uint k;
+    uint nrows;
+    uint first_pass;
+    uint last_pass;
+} p;
+
+// pairs of (gid, value)
+shared ivec2 dst_row[BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+void topk(bool needs_bounds_check, const uint row) {
+    const int col = int(gl_LocalInvocationID.x);
+
+    // initialize indices
+    if (gl_GlobalInvocationID.x < p.ncols_input) {
+        if (p.first_pass != 0) {
+            const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols_input;
+            dst_row[col] = ivec2(gl_GlobalInvocationID.x, floatBitsToInt(data_a[row_offset + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x]));
+        } else {
+            const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols_input;
+            dst_row[col] = data_s[row_offset + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x];
+        }
+    } else {
+        dst_row[col] = ivec2(p.orig_ncols, 0);
+    }
+    barrier();
+
+    if (p.k == 1) {
+        // Fast path for single output - just do a max reduction
+        [[unroll]] for (int s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s >= 1; s /= 2) {
+            if (col < s) {
+                ivec2 a = dst_row[col];
+                ivec2 b = dst_row[col + s];
+                if (a.x >= p.orig_ncols ||
+                    b.x < p.orig_ncols && b.y > a.y) {
+                    dst_row[col] = b;
+                }
+            }
+            barrier();
+        }
+    } else {
+        // bitonic sort on this group of elements
+        uint num_outer_loop_iters = NCOLS_PADDED_LOG2;
+        for (uint k = 2, outer_idx = 0; outer_idx < num_outer_loop_iters; k *= 2, outer_idx++) {
+            uint num_inner_loop_iters = outer_idx + 1;
+            for (uint j = k / 2, inner_idx = 0; inner_idx < num_inner_loop_iters; j /= 2, inner_idx++) {
+                const int ixj = int(col ^ j);
+
+                int idx_0 = (col & k) == 0 ? col : ixj;
+                int idx_1 = (col & k) == 0 ? ixj : col;
+
+                ivec2 sh_idx_0 = dst_row[idx_0];
+                ivec2 sh_idx_1 = dst_row[idx_1];
+                bool idx_0_oob = needs_bounds_check ? sh_idx_0.x >= p.orig_ncols : false;
+                bool idx_1_oob = needs_bounds_check ? sh_idx_1.x >= p.orig_ncols : false;
+
+                if ((idx_0_oob ||
+                    (!idx_1_oob && intBitsToFloat(sh_idx_0.y) < intBitsToFloat(sh_idx_1.y))) && (ixj > col)) {
+                    dst_row[idx_0] = sh_idx_1;
+                    dst_row[idx_1] = sh_idx_0;
+                }
+
+                barrier();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (col < p.k) {
+        if (p.last_pass != 0) {
+            if (gl_GlobalInvocationID.x < p.ncols_input) {
+                const uint row_offset = row * p.k;
+                data_d[row_offset + col] = dst_row[col].x;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (gl_WorkGroupID.x * p.k + col < p.ncols_output) {
+                const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols_output + gl_WorkGroupID.x * p.k;
+                data_t[row_offset + col] = dst_row[col];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void main() {
+    // Fast path for fully occupied workgroups
+    if ((p.ncols_input % BLOCK_SIZE) == 0) {
+        uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+        while (row < p.nrows) {
+            topk(false, row);
+            row += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
+    } else {
+        uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+        while (row < p.nrows) {
+            topk(true, row);
+            row += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_moe.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_moe.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef2f202ec9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_moe.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_shuffle : enable
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#define GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX 0
+#define GATING_FUNC_SIGMOID 1
+#define GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT 2
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
+{
+    uint n_rows;
+    uint n_experts_push;
+    uint n_expert_used;
+    float clamp_min;
+    float clamp_max;
+    uint gating_func;
+    uint has_bias;
+    uint with_norm;
+    float output_scale;
+    float output_bias;
+};
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 4, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint WARP_SIZE = 32;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const uint n_experts_spec = 512;
+layout(constant_id = 2) const bool nexperts_use_push = false;
+
+uint n_experts = nexperts_use_push ? n_experts_push : n_experts_spec;
+
+#define CEIL_DIV(a, b) (((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+const uint experts_per_thread = CEIL_DIV(n_experts_spec, WARP_SIZE);
+
+layout (binding = 0, std430) readonly buffer Logits {float logits[];};
+layout (binding = 1, std430) readonly buffer BiasProbs {float bias[];};
+layout (binding = 2, std430) writeonly buffer Weights {float weights[];};
+layout (binding = 3, std430) writeonly buffer Ids {uint ids[];};
+
+const float INFINITY = 1.0 / 0.0;
+
+// Warp-local softmax used for both the pre-top-k logits and the post-top-k delayed path.
+void softmax_warp_inplace(inout float vals[experts_per_thread], const uint limit, const uint lane, const bool use_limit) {
+    float max_val = -INFINITY;
+
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const uint idx       = lane + i * WARP_SIZE;
+        const bool is_active = !use_limit || (idx < limit);
+        if (is_active) {
+            max_val = max(max_val, vals[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    max_val = subgroupMax(max_val);
+
+    float sum = 0.f;
+
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const uint idx       = lane + i * WARP_SIZE;
+        const bool is_active = !use_limit || (idx < limit);
+        if (is_active) {
+            const float val = exp(vals[i] - max_val);
+            vals[i]         = val;
+            sum += val;
+        } else {
+            vals[i] = 0.f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    sum = subgroupAdd(sum);
+
+    const float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum;
+
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        const uint idx       = lane + i * WARP_SIZE;
+        const bool is_active = !use_limit || (idx < limit);
+        if (is_active) {
+            vals[i] *= inv_sum;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void main() {
+    const uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.x * gl_WorkGroupSize.y + gl_SubgroupID;
+    if (row >= n_rows) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint logits_offset = n_experts * row;
+    const uint bias_offset = 0; // 1D
+    const uint weights_offset = n_expert_used * row;
+    const uint ids_offset = n_experts * row;
+    const uint lane = gl_SubgroupInvocationID;
+
+    float probs[experts_per_thread];
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        probs[i] = -INFINITY;
+    }
+
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (uint i = 0; i < n_experts; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+        const uint expert = i + lane;
+        probs[i / WARP_SIZE] = (n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) ? logits[logits_offset + expert] : -INFINITY;
+    }
+
+    if (gating_func == GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX) {
+        softmax_warp_inplace(probs, n_experts, lane, nexperts_use_push);
+    } else if (gating_func == GATING_FUNC_SIGMOID) {
+        [[unroll]]
+        for (uint i = 0; i < n_experts; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+            const uint expert = i + lane;
+            probs[i / WARP_SIZE] = (n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) ? 1.f / (1.f + exp(-probs[i / WARP_SIZE])) : -INFINITY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    float selection_probs[experts_per_thread];
+    if (has_bias != 0) {
+        [[unroll]]
+        for (uint i = 0; i < n_experts; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+            const uint expert = i + lane;
+            selection_probs[i / WARP_SIZE] = (n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) ? probs[i / WARP_SIZE] + bias[bias_offset + expert] : -INFINITY;
+        }
+    } else {
+        [[unroll]]
+        for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+            selection_probs[i] = probs[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // at this point, each thread holds a portion of softmax,
+    // we do the argmax reduce over n_expert_used, each time marking
+    // the expert weight as -inf to exclude from the next iteration
+
+    float wt_sum = 0.f;
+
+    float output_weights[experts_per_thread];
+
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (int i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; i++) {
+        output_weights[i] = 0.f;
+    }
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < n_expert_used; k++) {
+        float max_val    = probs[0];
+        float max_val_s  = selection_probs[0];
+        uint   max_expert = lane;
+
+        [[unroll]]
+        for (uint i = WARP_SIZE; i < n_experts; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+            const uint expert = i + lane;
+            if ((n_experts % WARP_SIZE == 0 || expert < n_experts) && selection_probs[i / WARP_SIZE] > max_val_s) {
+                max_val    = probs[i / WARP_SIZE];
+                max_val_s  = selection_probs[i / WARP_SIZE];
+                max_expert = expert;
+            }
+        }
+
+        [[unroll]]
+        for (uint mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask /= 2) {
+            const float val    = subgroupShuffleXor(max_val, mask);
+            const float val_s  = subgroupShuffleXor(max_val_s, mask);
+            const uint  expert = subgroupShuffleXor(max_expert, mask);
+            if (val_s > max_val_s || (val_s == max_val_s && expert < max_expert)) {
+                max_val    = val;
+                max_val_s  = val_s;
+                max_expert = expert;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ((k & (WARP_SIZE - 1)) == lane) {
+            output_weights[k / WARP_SIZE] = max_val;
+        }
+
+        if ((max_expert & (WARP_SIZE - 1)) == lane) {
+            selection_probs[max_expert / WARP_SIZE] = -INFINITY;
+
+            ids[ids_offset + k] = max_expert;
+            wt_sum += max_val;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (with_norm != 0) {
+        wt_sum              = subgroupAdd(wt_sum);
+        wt_sum              = clamp(wt_sum, clamp_min, clamp_max);
+        const float inv_sum = 1.0f / wt_sum;
+
+        [[unroll]]
+        for (uint i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; ++i) {
+            output_weights[i] *= inv_sum;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (gating_func == GATING_FUNC_SOFTMAX_WEIGHT) {
+        softmax_warp_inplace(output_weights, n_expert_used, lane, true);
+    }
+
+    [[unroll]]
+    for (uint i = 0; i < experts_per_thread; ++i) {
+        uint idx = i * WARP_SIZE + lane;
+        if (idx < n_expert_used) {
+            weights[weights_offset + idx] = output_scale * output_weights[i] + output_bias;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_nary_search.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_nary_search.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b757f38e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/topk_nary_search.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_debug_printf : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_ballot : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_arithmetic : enable
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_shuffle : enable
+
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const int BLOCK_SIZE = 1024;
+layout(constant_id = 1) const int SUBGROUP_SIZE = 32;
+layout(constant_id = 2) const int SUBGROUP_SIZE_LOG2 = 5;
+
+layout(local_size_x_id = 0, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+// Input can either be the source (A) or intermediate values (S).
+// Similarly, output can be either destination (D) or intermediate values (S).
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer S {ivec2 data_s[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {int data_d[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer T {ivec2 data_t[];};
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    uint orig_ncols;
+    uint ncols_input;
+    uint ncols_output;
+    uint k;
+    uint nrows;
+    uint first_pass;
+    uint last_pass;
+} p;
+
+// pairs of (gid, value)
+shared ivec2 dst_row[BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+shared int counts[SUBGROUP_SIZE];
+shared int sh_min_idx;
+shared uint sh_total;
+shared uint offset_partials[BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE];
+shared uint eq_min_partials[BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE];
+
+// Map float values to uint such that comparisons still work.
+// Positive values set the high bit, negative values are inverted.
+// +0.0 -> 0x80000000, -0.0 -> 0x7FFFFFFF are in the correct places.
+uint f2ui(float x) {
+    uint y = floatBitsToUint(x);
+    if ((y & 0x80000000) != 0) {
+        y ^= ~0;
+    } else {
+        y |= 0x80000000;
+    }
+    return y;
+}
+
+void topk(const uint row) {
+    const int tid = int(gl_LocalInvocationID.x);
+
+    // initialize indices
+    if (gl_GlobalInvocationID.x < p.ncols_input) {
+        if (p.first_pass != 0) {
+            const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols_input;
+            dst_row[tid] = ivec2(gl_GlobalInvocationID.x, floatBitsToInt(data_a[row_offset + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x]));
+        } else {
+            const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols_input;
+            dst_row[tid] = data_s[row_offset + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x];
+        }
+    } else {
+        dst_row[tid] = ivec2(p.orig_ncols, 0xFF800000); // -inf
+    }
+    barrier();
+
+    if (p.k == 1) {
+        // Fast path for single output - just do a max reduction
+        [[unroll]] for (int s = BLOCK_SIZE / 2; s >= 1; s /= 2) {
+            if (tid < s) {
+                ivec2 a = dst_row[tid];
+                ivec2 b = dst_row[tid + s];
+                if (a.x >= p.orig_ncols ||
+                    b.x < p.orig_ncols && b.y > a.y) {
+                    dst_row[tid] = b;
+                }
+            }
+            barrier();
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Do an N-ary search to find the K-th largest value.
+        // We remap the float values to be comparable as unsigned integers,
+        // and split the range into 2^N smaller ranges where N is the
+        // subgroup size. Count how many values are in each range, if the K-th
+        // largest value is in the middle of one of thee ranges then repeat
+        // and split again.
+
+        // Mask is the current set of bits we're searching. Shift is the LSB index.
+        int shift = 32 - SUBGROUP_SIZE_LOG2;
+        uint mask = ((1 << SUBGROUP_SIZE_LOG2) - 1) << shift;
+
+        // The current range.
+        uint range_min = 0;
+        uint range_max = 0xFF800000;
+        // How many are above the current range, and how many we need to find.
+        uint total = 0;
+        uint limit = min(p.k, p.ncols_input - gl_WorkGroupID.x * BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+        while (mask != 0) {
+            barrier();
+            // Initialize bucket counts to zero.
+            if (tid < SUBGROUP_SIZE) {
+                counts[tid] = 0;
+            }
+            barrier();
+            // Count how many values are in each bucket.
+            if (tid < p.ncols_input) {
+                float y = intBitsToFloat(dst_row[tid].y);
+                uint fy = f2ui(y);
+                if (fy >= range_min && fy < range_max) {
+                    uint bucket = (fy & mask) >> shift;
+                    atomicAdd(counts[bucket], 1);
+                }
+            }
+            barrier();
+
+            // On the first subgroup, do a scan to count (from the top down) how
+            // many elements are in the top N buckets. Find the index of the first
+            // that is over the limit. Copy it to the other invocations through
+            // shared memory.
+            if (tid < SUBGROUP_SIZE) {
+                uint partial_sum = counts[SUBGROUP_SIZE - 1 - tid];
+                partial_sum = subgroupInclusiveAdd(partial_sum) + total;
+                uint t = subgroupBallotFindLSB(subgroupBallot(partial_sum >= limit));
+                if (tid == t) {
+                    sh_min_idx = int(SUBGROUP_SIZE - 1 - t);
+                    sh_total = partial_sum;
+                }
+            }
+            barrier();
+            int min_idx = sh_min_idx;
+            total = sh_total;
+
+            // Update the range, and break if we've found the K-th largest.
+            range_max = range_min + ((min_idx + 1) << shift);
+            range_min = range_min + (min_idx << shift);
+
+            if (total == p.k) {
+                break;
+            }
+            total -= counts[min_idx];
+            mask >>= SUBGROUP_SIZE_LOG2;
+            shift -= SUBGROUP_SIZE_LOG2;
+            if (shift < 0) {
+                shift = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ivec2 v = dst_row[tid];
+
+        // We need to compact these values to the start of the dst_row array.
+        // Have each subgroup count how many items it'll store, so other
+        // subgroups can compute their base offset.
+        // Values strictly greater than range_min must be stored. For values equal
+        // to range_min, there can be ties and it's possible we'll need to store
+        // an arbitrary subset of them.
+        // If total == p.k, have a fast path where we don't need to handle ties.
+        if (total == p.k) {
+            bool top = f2ui(intBitsToFloat(v.y)) >= range_min;
+            uvec4 b = subgroupBallot(top);
+            uint bit_count = subgroupBallotBitCount(b);
+            if ((tid % SUBGROUP_SIZE) == 0) {
+                offset_partials[tid / SUBGROUP_SIZE] = bit_count;
+            }
+            barrier();
+
+            uint out_idx = 0;
+            [[unroll]] for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE; ++i) {
+                if (i < tid / SUBGROUP_SIZE) {
+                    out_idx += offset_partials[i];
+                }
+            }
+
+            uint bit_count_ex = subgroupBallotExclusiveBitCount(b);
+            if (top) {
+                // TODO: Copy directly to the output?
+                dst_row[out_idx + bit_count_ex] = v;
+            }
+        } else {
+            bool top = f2ui(intBitsToFloat(v.y)) > range_min;
+            bool eq_min = f2ui(intBitsToFloat(v.y)) == range_min;
+            uvec4 b_top = subgroupBallot(top);
+            uvec4 b_eq_min = subgroupBallot(eq_min);
+            uint bit_count_top = subgroupBallotBitCount(b_top);
+            uint bit_count_eq_min = subgroupBallotBitCount(b_eq_min);
+            if ((tid % SUBGROUP_SIZE) == 0) {
+                offset_partials[tid / SUBGROUP_SIZE] = bit_count_top;
+                eq_min_partials[tid / SUBGROUP_SIZE] = bit_count_eq_min;
+            }
+            barrier();
+
+            uint out_idx = 0;
+            uint eq_min_base = 0;
+            uint eq_min_idx = 0;
+            [[unroll]] for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE / SUBGROUP_SIZE; ++i) {
+                if (i < tid / SUBGROUP_SIZE) {
+                    out_idx += offset_partials[i];
+                    eq_min_idx += eq_min_partials[i];
+                }
+                eq_min_base += offset_partials[i];
+            }
+            // range_min values are stored at the end
+            eq_min_idx += eq_min_base;
+
+            uint bit_count_ex_top = subgroupBallotExclusiveBitCount(b_top);
+            uint bit_count_ex_eq_min = subgroupBallotExclusiveBitCount(b_eq_min);
+            if (top) {
+                // TODO: Copy directly to the output?
+                dst_row[out_idx + bit_count_ex_top] = v;
+            }
+            if (eq_min && eq_min_idx + bit_count_ex_eq_min < p.k) {
+                dst_row[eq_min_idx + bit_count_ex_eq_min] = v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        barrier();
+    }
+
+    if (tid < p.k) {
+        if (p.last_pass != 0) {
+            if (gl_GlobalInvocationID.x < p.ncols_input) {
+                const uint row_offset = row * p.k;
+                data_d[row_offset + tid] = dst_row[tid].x;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (gl_WorkGroupID.x * p.k + tid < p.ncols_output) {
+                const uint row_offset = row * p.ncols_output + gl_WorkGroupID.x * p.k;
+                data_t[row_offset + tid] = dst_row[tid];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void main() {
+    uint row = gl_WorkGroupID.y;
+    while (row < p.nrows) {
+        topk(row);
+        row += gl_WorkGroupSize.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.y;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/tri.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/tri.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e18d0ffa307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/tri.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "rte.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+#include "generic_unary_head.glsl"
+
+#define GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER_DIAG 0
+#define GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER      1
+#define GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG 2
+#define GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER      3
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+void main() {
+    const uint idx = get_idx();
+
+    if (idx >= p.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint i03 = fastdiv(idx, p.ne0_012mp, p.ne0_012L);
+    const uint i03_offset = i03 * p.ne02*p.ne01*p.ne00;
+    const uint i02 = fastdiv(idx - i03_offset, p.ne0_01mp, p.ne0_01L);
+    const uint i02_offset = i02*p.ne01*p.ne00;
+    const uint i01 = fastdiv(idx - i03_offset - i02_offset, p.ne0_0mp, p.ne0_0L);
+    const uint i00 = idx - i03_offset - i02_offset - i01*p.ne00;
+
+    int param = floatBitsToInt(p.param1);
+    bool pass = false;
+    switch (param) {
+    case GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER_DIAG: pass = i00 >= i01; break;
+    case GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER:      pass = i00 >  i01; break;
+    case GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG: pass = i00 <= i01; break;
+    case GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER:      pass = i00 <  i01; break;
+    }
+
+    if (pass) {
+        const float val = float(data_a[get_aoffset() + src0_idx(idx)]);
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(idx)] = D_TYPE(val);
+    } else {
+        data_d[get_doffset() + dst_idx(idx)] = D_TYPE(0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/trunc.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/trunc.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf1b76d3bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/trunc.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float x = float(data_a[i]);
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(trunc(x));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.glsl
similarity index 76%
rename from ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.comp
rename to ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.glsl
index 3bde717832b..bdb2c09259b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.glsl
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
 #define QUANT_K 1
 #define QUANT_R 1
 
-#if !defined(LOAD_VEC_A) || LOAD_VEC_A == 1
-#define A_TYPE float
-#elif LOAD_VEC_A == 4
+#if LOAD_VEC_A == 4
 #define A_TYPE vec4
 #elif LOAD_VEC_A == 8
 #define A_TYPE mat2x4
+#else
+#define A_TYPE float
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
 #define QUANT_K 1
 #define QUANT_R 1
 
-#if !defined(LOAD_VEC_A) || LOAD_VEC_A == 1
-#define A_TYPE float16_t
-#elif LOAD_VEC_A == 4
+#if LOAD_VEC_A == 4
 #define A_TYPE f16vec4
 #elif LOAD_VEC_A == 8
 #define A_TYPE f16mat2x4
+#else
+#define A_TYPE float16_t
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@
 #define QUANT_K 1
 #define QUANT_R 1
 
-#if !defined(LOAD_VEC_A) || LOAD_VEC_A == 1
-#define A_TYPE uint16_t
-#elif LOAD_VEC_A == 4
+#if LOAD_VEC_A == 4
 #define A_TYPE u16vec4
 #elif LOAD_VEC_A == 8
 #error unsupported
+#else
+#define A_TYPE uint16_t
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ struct block_q4_0_packed16
 #define QUANT_AUXF 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q4_0
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q4_0_packed16
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_LEGACY
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q4_1 32
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ struct block_q4_1_packed32
 #define A_TYPE block_q4_1
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q4_1_packed16
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_q4_1_packed32
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_LEGACY
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q5_0 32
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ struct block_q5_0_packed16
 #define QUANT_AUXF 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q5_0
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q5_0_packed16
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_LEGACY
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q5_1 32
@@ -158,6 +161,7 @@ struct block_q5_1_packed32
 #define A_TYPE block_q5_1
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q5_1_packed16
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_q5_1_packed32
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_LEGACY
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q8_0 32
@@ -168,16 +172,12 @@ struct block_q8_0
     float16_t d;
     int8_t qs[32];
 };
+
 struct block_q8_0_packed16
 {
     float16_t d;
     int16_t qs[32/2];
 };
-struct block_q8_0_packed32
-{
-    float16_t d;
-    int32_t qs[32/4];
-};
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q8_0)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_Q8_0
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ struct block_q8_0_packed32
 #define QUANT_AUXF 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q8_0
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q8_0_packed16
-#define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_q8_0_packed32
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_LEGACY
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q8_1 32
@@ -196,17 +196,32 @@ struct block_q8_1
     f16vec2 ds;
     int8_t qs[32];
 };
+
 struct block_q8_1_packed16
 {
     f16vec2 ds;
     int16_t qs[16];
 };
+
 struct block_q8_1_packed32
 {
     f16vec2 ds;
     int32_t qs[8];
 };
 
+// 4 blocks in one to allow 16-byte/128-bit alignment and loads
+struct block_q8_1_x4
+{
+    f16vec2 ds[4];
+    int32_t qs[32];
+};
+
+struct block_q8_1_x4_packed128
+{
+    f16vec2 ds[4];
+    ivec4 qs[8];
+};
+
 // K-quants
 #define QUANT_K_Q2_K 256
 
@@ -214,28 +229,31 @@ struct block_q2_K
 {
     uint8_t scales[QUANT_K_Q2_K/16];
     uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_Q2_K/4];
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
 };
 
 struct block_q2_K_packed16
 {
     uint16_t scales[QUANT_K_Q2_K/16/2];
     uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_Q2_K/4/2];
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
 };
 
 struct block_q2_K_packed32
 {
     uint32_t scales[QUANT_K_Q2_K/16/4];
     uint32_t qs[QUANT_K_Q2_K/4/4];
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
 };
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q2_K)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_Q2_K
+#define QUANT_R 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q2_K
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q2_K_packed16
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_q2_K_packed32
+#define SCALES_PER_32 2
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_K
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q3_K 256
@@ -258,29 +276,31 @@ struct block_q3_K_packed16
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q3_K)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_Q3_K
+#define QUANT_R 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q3_K
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q3_K_packed16
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_K
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q4_K 256
 
 struct block_q4_K
 {
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
     uint8_t scales[3*QUANT_K_Q4_K/64];
     uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_Q4_K/2];
 };
 
 struct block_q4_K_packed16
 {
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
     uint16_t scales[3*QUANT_K_Q4_K/64/2];
     uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_Q4_K/2/2];
 };
 
 struct block_q4_K_packed32
 {
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
     uint32_t scales[3*QUANT_K_Q4_K/64/4];
     uint32_t qs[QUANT_K_Q4_K/2/4];
 };
@@ -292,16 +312,18 @@ struct block_q4_K_packed128
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q4_K)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_Q4_K
+#define QUANT_R 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q4_K
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q4_K_packed16
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_q4_K_packed32
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_K
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q5_K 256
 
 struct block_q5_K
 {
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
     uint8_t scales[12];
     uint8_t qh[QUANT_K_Q5_K/8];
     uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_Q5_K/2];
@@ -309,12 +331,20 @@ struct block_q5_K
 
 struct block_q5_K_packed16
 {
-    f16vec2 d;
+    f16vec2 dm;
     uint16_t scales[12/2];
     uint16_t qh[QUANT_K_Q5_K/8/2];
     uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_Q5_K/2/2];
 };
 
+struct block_q5_K_packed32
+{
+    f16vec2 dm;
+    uint32_t scales[12/4];
+    uint32_t qh[QUANT_K_Q5_K/8/4];
+    uint32_t qs[QUANT_K_Q5_K/2/4];
+};
+
 struct block_q5_K_packed128
 {
     uvec4 q5k[11];
@@ -322,8 +352,11 @@ struct block_q5_K_packed128
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q5_K)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_Q5_K
+#define QUANT_R 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q5_K
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q5_K_packed16
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_q5_K_packed32
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_K
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_Q6_K 256
@@ -340,14 +373,16 @@ struct block_q6_K_packed16
 {
     uint16_t ql[QUANT_K_Q6_K/2/2];
     uint16_t qh[QUANT_K_Q6_K/4/2];
-    int8_t scales[QUANT_K_Q6_K/16];
+    int16_t scales[QUANT_K_Q6_K/16/2];
     float16_t d;
 };
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_Q6_K
+#define QUANT_R 1
 #define A_TYPE block_q6_K
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_q6_K_packed16
+#define DATA_A_QUANT_K
 #endif
 
 // IQuants
@@ -361,6 +396,12 @@ struct block_iq1_s {
     uint16_t qh[QUANT_K_IQ1_S/32];
 };
 
+struct block_iq1_s_packed16 {
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ1_S/8/2];
+    uint16_t qh[QUANT_K_IQ1_S/32];
+};
+
 #define QUANT_K_IQ1_M 256
 #define QUANT_R_IQ1_M 1
 
@@ -370,6 +411,18 @@ struct block_iq1_m {
     uint16_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/64];
 };
 
+struct block_iq1_m_packed16 {
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/8/2];
+    uint16_t qh[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/16/2];
+    uint16_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/64];
+};
+
+struct block_iq1_m_packed32 {
+    uint32_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/8/4];
+    uint32_t qh[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/16/4];
+    uint32_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/64/2];
+};
+
 struct block_iq1_m_packed64 {
     uint64_t  qs[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/8/8];
     uint64_t  qh[QUANT_K_IQ1_M/16/8];
@@ -380,12 +433,15 @@ struct block_iq1_m_packed64 {
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ1_S
 #define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ1_S
 #define A_TYPE block_iq1_s
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq1_s_packed16
 #endif
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_IQ1_M)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ1_M
 #define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ1_M
 #define A_TYPE block_iq1_m
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq1_m_packed16
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_iq1_m_packed32
 #endif
 
 #if defined(DATA_A_IQ1_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ1_M)
@@ -524,7 +580,270 @@ const uint[1024] iq1s_grid_const = {
     0x55dd55df, 0x55d555d7, 0x5503550c, 0x557f5501, 0x5577557d, 0x55405575, 0x555d555f, 0x55555557
 };
 
+// Same content as iq1s_grid_const except each 2-bit value is expanded to 4-bit
+// and has 1 added to it (allows packed values to be extracted with & 0x0F0F0F0F
+// and 0xF0F0F0F0).
+const uint32_t[2048] iq1s_grid_gpu_const = {
+    0x00000000, 0x00000002, 0x00000101, 0x00000200, 0x00000202, 0x00010001, 0x00010101, 0x00020000,
+    0x00020002, 0x00020200, 0x00020202, 0x01000101, 0x01010001, 0x01010100, 0x01010102, 0x01020101,
+    0x02000000, 0x02000002, 0x02000200, 0x02000202, 0x02010101, 0x02020000, 0x02020002, 0x02020200,
+    0x02020202, 0x00000110, 0x00000111, 0x00010011, 0x00010110, 0x00010112, 0x00010211, 0x00010212,
+    0x00020111, 0x01000011, 0x01000112, 0x01000211, 0x01010012, 0x01010111, 0x01010212, 0x01020011,
+    0x01020110, 0x01020112, 0x01020210, 0x02000111, 0x02010011, 0x02010110, 0x02010112, 0x02020111,
+    0x00000020, 0x00000022, 0x00000220, 0x00000222, 0x00010121, 0x00020020, 0x00020022, 0x00020220,
+    0x00020222, 0x01000121, 0x01010021, 0x01010221, 0x01020120, 0x01020221, 0x02000020, 0x02000022,
+    0x02000220, 0x02000222, 0x02010021, 0x02010121, 0x02010221, 0x02020020, 0x02020022, 0x02020220,
+    0x02020222, 0x00011001, 0x00011100, 0x00011102, 0x00021101, 0x01001001, 0x01001201, 0x01011101,
+    0x01011202, 0x01021100, 0x01021101, 0x02011001, 0x02011201, 0x02021101, 0x00001011, 0x00001110,
+    0x00001111, 0x00001112, 0x00011111, 0x00011210, 0x00011212, 0x00021211, 0x01001010, 0x01001111,
+    0x01001212, 0x01011010, 0x01011011, 0x01011110, 0x01011111, 0x01011112, 0x01011211, 0x01021010,
+    0x01021012, 0x01021111, 0x01021210, 0x01021212, 0x02001011, 0x02011011, 0x02011111, 0x02011210,
+    0x02011212, 0x02021011, 0x02021110, 0x02021111, 0x02021112, 0x02021211, 0x00011120, 0x00011221,
+    0x01001021, 0x01001120, 0x01011020, 0x01011022, 0x01011121, 0x01011220, 0x01021020, 0x01021021,
+    0x01021122, 0x01021221, 0x02001121, 0x02011021, 0x02011120, 0x02011221, 0x00002000, 0x00002002,
+    0x00002200, 0x00002202, 0x00012101, 0x00022000, 0x00022002, 0x00022200, 0x00022202, 0x01002101,
+    0x01012001, 0x01012102, 0x01022101, 0x02002000, 0x02002002, 0x02002200, 0x02002202, 0x02012101,
+    0x02022000, 0x02022002, 0x02022200, 0x02022202, 0x00002111, 0x00012011, 0x00012110, 0x00012211,
+    0x00022110, 0x00022111, 0x01002011, 0x01012010, 0x01012011, 0x01012111, 0x01022011, 0x01022110,
+    0x01022211, 0x02012011, 0x02012110, 0x02012112, 0x02012211, 0x02022111, 0x00002020, 0x00002022,
+    0x00002220, 0x00002222, 0x00012121, 0x00022020, 0x00022022, 0x00022220, 0x00022222, 0x01002121,
+    0x01012021, 0x01012221, 0x01022021, 0x01022121, 0x02002020, 0x02002022, 0x02002121, 0x02002220,
+    0x02002222, 0x02012121, 0x02022020, 0x02022022, 0x02022220, 0x02022222, 0x00110000, 0x00110001,
+    0x00110100, 0x00110201, 0x00120100, 0x00120101, 0x01100001, 0x01100100, 0x01110000, 0x01110101,
+    0x01110200, 0x01120001, 0x01120100, 0x01120101, 0x01120201, 0x02110001, 0x02110100, 0x02110102,
+    0x02120001, 0x02120101, 0x00100011, 0x00100110, 0x00100112, 0x00100211, 0x00110010, 0x00110012,
+    0x00110111, 0x00110210, 0x00120011, 0x00120110, 0x00120211, 0x01100111, 0x01100212, 0x01110010,
+    0x01110011, 0x01110012, 0x01110110, 0x01110111, 0x01110112, 0x01110211, 0x01120010, 0x01120111,
+    0x02100110, 0x02110012, 0x02110111, 0x02120011, 0x02120110, 0x00110021, 0x00110120, 0x00110122,
+    0x00120121, 0x01100020, 0x01100122, 0x01100221, 0x01110022, 0x01110121, 0x01110220, 0x01110222,
+    0x01120120, 0x01120122, 0x02100121, 0x02110021, 0x02110120, 0x02110122, 0x02120121, 0x00101001,
+    0x00101102, 0x00101201, 0x00111100, 0x00111101, 0x00111200, 0x00111201, 0x00121001, 0x00121102,
+    0x01101001, 0x01101101, 0x01101102, 0x01101200, 0x01101202, 0x01111001, 0x01111100, 0x01111101,
+    0x01111102, 0x01111201, 0x01121002, 0x01121101, 0x01121200, 0x02101100, 0x02101201, 0x02111000,
+    0x02111100, 0x02111101, 0x02111200, 0x02111201, 0x02111202, 0x02121001, 0x02121100, 0x02121101,
+    0x02121201, 0x00101012, 0x00101111, 0x00101212, 0x00111011, 0x00111110, 0x00111111, 0x00111112,
+    0x00111211, 0x00121010, 0x00121012, 0x00121111, 0x00121210, 0x00121212, 0x01101011, 0x01101110,
+    0x01101111, 0x01101112, 0x01111011, 0x01111012, 0x01111110, 0x01111111, 0x01111112, 0x01111211,
+    0x01111212, 0x01121011, 0x01121110, 0x01121111, 0x01121112, 0x01121211, 0x02101010, 0x02101012,
+    0x02101110, 0x02101111, 0x02101210, 0x02101212, 0x02111010, 0x02111011, 0x02111110, 0x02111111,
+    0x02111112, 0x02111211, 0x02111212, 0x02121010, 0x02121012, 0x02121111, 0x00101021, 0x00101120,
+    0x00101121, 0x00101122, 0x00111121, 0x00111122, 0x00111220, 0x00111222, 0x00121021, 0x00121122,
+    0x01101020, 0x01101022, 0x01101120, 0x01101121, 0x01101220, 0x01101222, 0x01111021, 0x01111121,
+    0x01111122, 0x01111220, 0x01111221, 0x01121021, 0x01121120, 0x01121121, 0x01121220, 0x01121221,
+    0x01121222, 0x02101122, 0x02101222, 0x02111022, 0x02111121, 0x02121120, 0x02121221, 0x00112001,
+    0x00112102, 0x00122101, 0x01102001, 0x01102100, 0x01102102, 0x01102201, 0x01112000, 0x01112101,
+    0x01112200, 0x01112202, 0x01122000, 0x01122001, 0x01122100, 0x01122102, 0x01122201, 0x02102101,
+    0x02112001, 0x02112100, 0x02122101, 0x00112010, 0x00112012, 0x00112111, 0x00112212, 0x00122011,
+    0x00122111, 0x01102012, 0x01102110, 0x01102111, 0x01102210, 0x01112011, 0x01112110, 0x01112111,
+    0x01112112, 0x01112211, 0x01112212, 0x01122010, 0x01122111, 0x01122212, 0x02102211, 0x02112011,
+    0x02112012, 0x02112111, 0x02112210, 0x02122011, 0x02122112, 0x02122211, 0x00102221, 0x00112122,
+    0x00122120, 0x00122122, 0x01102120, 0x01102122, 0x01102221, 0x01112020, 0x01112022, 0x01112121,
+    0x01112220, 0x01122021, 0x01122122, 0x01122221, 0x02102121, 0x02112021, 0x02112122, 0x02112222,
+    0x00200000, 0x00200002, 0x00200200, 0x00200202, 0x00210101, 0x00220000, 0x00220002, 0x00220101,
+    0x00220200, 0x00220202, 0x01200101, 0x01210001, 0x01210201, 0x01220001, 0x01220101, 0x02200000,
+    0x02200002, 0x02200200, 0x02200202, 0x02210101, 0x02220000, 0x02220002, 0x02220101, 0x02220200,
+    0x02220202, 0x00200111, 0x00210011, 0x00210110, 0x00210211, 0x00220111, 0x01200012, 0x01200110,
+    0x01200211, 0x01210111, 0x01210210, 0x01210212, 0x01220011, 0x01220110, 0x01220111, 0x01220112,
+    0x02200111, 0x02210010, 0x02210112, 0x02210211, 0x02220111, 0x00200021, 0x00200220, 0x00200222,
+    0x00210021, 0x00210121, 0x00220020, 0x00220022, 0x00220220, 0x00220222, 0x01200121, 0x01210021,
+    0x01210122, 0x01210221, 0x01220121, 0x02200021, 0x02200220, 0x02200222, 0x02210021, 0x02210121,
+    0x02220020, 0x02220022, 0x02220220, 0x02220222, 0x00201101, 0x00211100, 0x00211102, 0x00211201,
+    0x00221101, 0x01201100, 0x01201101, 0x01201102, 0x01201201, 0x01211002, 0x01211101, 0x01211200,
+    0x01211202, 0x01221102, 0x02201101, 0x02211001, 0x02211100, 0x02211201, 0x02221001, 0x02221101,
+    0x00201211, 0x00211111, 0x00221011, 0x00221211, 0x01201010, 0x01201111, 0x01201210, 0x01211011,
+    0x01211110, 0x01211111, 0x01211211, 0x01221012, 0x01221111, 0x01221210, 0x02201211, 0x02211010,
+    0x02211110, 0x02211111, 0x02211210, 0x02211212, 0x02221011, 0x02221110, 0x02221112, 0x02221211,
+    0x00201121, 0x00211020, 0x00211022, 0x00211221, 0x00221121, 0x01201021, 0x01201221, 0x01211121,
+    0x01221020, 0x01221021, 0x01221221, 0x02201120, 0x02201122, 0x02211020, 0x02211222, 0x00202000,
+    0x00202002, 0x00202200, 0x00202202, 0x00212101, 0x00222000, 0x00222002, 0x00222200, 0x00222202,
+    0x01202101, 0x01212001, 0x01212100, 0x01222101, 0x02202000, 0x02202002, 0x02202200, 0x02202202,
+    0x02222000, 0x02222002, 0x02222200, 0x02222202, 0x00202211, 0x00212011, 0x00212110, 0x00212211,
+    0x00222111, 0x01202112, 0x01202211, 0x01212012, 0x01212111, 0x01222011, 0x01222110, 0x01222112,
+    0x01222211, 0x02202111, 0x02212010, 0x02212112, 0x02212211, 0x02222110, 0x02222111, 0x00202020,
+    0x00202022, 0x00202220, 0x00202222, 0x00222020, 0x00222022, 0x00222220, 0x00222222, 0x01202121,
+    0x01212021, 0x01212122, 0x01212221, 0x01222121, 0x02202020, 0x02202022, 0x02202220, 0x02202222,
+    0x02212121, 0x02222020, 0x02222022, 0x02222220, 0x02222222, 0x10000101, 0x10010001, 0x10010102,
+    0x10020101, 0x11000201, 0x11010002, 0x11010101, 0x11010200, 0x11010202, 0x11020001, 0x11020100,
+    0x11020102, 0x12010100, 0x12010201, 0x12020001, 0x12020102, 0x10000010, 0x10000011, 0x10000110,
+    0x10000112, 0x10000211, 0x10010012, 0x10010111, 0x10010112, 0x10010210, 0x10010212, 0x10020011,
+    0x10020112, 0x10020211, 0x11000111, 0x11000210, 0x11000212, 0x11010011, 0x11010110, 0x11010111,
+    0x11010112, 0x11010211, 0x11010212, 0x11020111, 0x11020210, 0x11020212, 0x12000011, 0x12000110,
+    0x12000112, 0x12010010, 0x12010012, 0x12010111, 0x12020010, 0x12020011, 0x12020012, 0x10000121,
+    0x10010021, 0x10010120, 0x10010122, 0x10020121, 0x11000021, 0x11010022, 0x11010121, 0x11010222,
+    0x11020120, 0x11020221, 0x12000221, 0x12010120, 0x12020121, 0x10001001, 0x10011101, 0x10011201,
+    0x10021201, 0x11001101, 0x11001200, 0x11001202, 0x11011001, 0x11011100, 0x11011101, 0x11011102,
+    0x11021001, 0x11021002, 0x11021101, 0x11021200, 0x11021202, 0x12001001, 0x12001102, 0x12001201,
+    0x12011000, 0x12011002, 0x12011101, 0x12021000, 0x12021001, 0x12021201, 0x10001011, 0x10001012,
+    0x10001111, 0x10001212, 0x10011011, 0x10011110, 0x10011111, 0x10011112, 0x10011211, 0x10021010,
+    0x10021111, 0x10021212, 0x11001011, 0x11001110, 0x11001111, 0x11001112, 0x11001211, 0x11011010,
+    0x11011011, 0x11011110, 0x11011111, 0x11011112, 0x11011210, 0x11011211, 0x11021011, 0x11021110,
+    0x11021111, 0x11021112, 0x11021211, 0x12001012, 0x12001110, 0x12001111, 0x12001210, 0x12011011,
+    0x12011110, 0x12011111, 0x12011112, 0x12011211, 0x12011212, 0x12021111, 0x12021210, 0x12021212,
+    0x10001021, 0x10001121, 0x10001221, 0x10011120, 0x10011121, 0x10011220, 0x10011222, 0x10021021,
+    0x10021120, 0x10021221, 0x11001020, 0x11001022, 0x11001121, 0x11001220, 0x11011020, 0x11011021,
+    0x11011022, 0x11011121, 0x11011122, 0x11011221, 0x11021022, 0x11021121, 0x11021220, 0x12001021,
+    0x12001121, 0x12001222, 0x12011120, 0x12011121, 0x12021021, 0x12021120, 0x12021122, 0x10002101,
+    0x10012001, 0x10012101, 0x10012202, 0x10022101, 0x11002002, 0x11002201, 0x11012000, 0x11012101,
+    0x11012200, 0x11022001, 0x11022100, 0x11022102, 0x11022201, 0x12002101, 0x12012001, 0x12012100,
+    0x12012102, 0x12012201, 0x12022101, 0x10002011, 0x10002111, 0x10002112, 0x10002212, 0x10012010,
+    0x10012110, 0x10012111, 0x10012210, 0x10022011, 0x10022110, 0x10022112, 0x11002010, 0x11002111,
+    0x11002212, 0x11012011, 0x11012012, 0x11012110, 0x11012111, 0x11012112, 0x11012211, 0x11022010,
+    0x11022012, 0x11022111, 0x11022112, 0x11022212, 0x12002112, 0x12002211, 0x12012012, 0x12012111,
+    0x12012112, 0x12012210, 0x12022011, 0x12022110, 0x12022112, 0x12022211, 0x10012122, 0x11002120,
+    0x11002122, 0x11002221, 0x11012121, 0x11012220, 0x11012222, 0x11022120, 0x11022221, 0x12012120,
+    0x12022121, 0x10100001, 0x10100100, 0x10100101, 0x10100102, 0x10100201, 0x10110002, 0x10110101,
+    0x10110202, 0x10120001, 0x10120100, 0x10120201, 0x11100000, 0x11100101, 0x11100200, 0x11110001,
+    0x11110100, 0x11110101, 0x11110102, 0x11110201, 0x11120101, 0x11120200, 0x12100102, 0x12100201,
+    0x12110101, 0x12110200, 0x12120000, 0x12120001, 0x12120102, 0x12120201, 0x10100111, 0x10100210,
+    0x10100211, 0x10100212, 0x10110011, 0x10110110, 0x10110111, 0x10110112, 0x10110210, 0x10110211,
+    0x10120010, 0x10120111, 0x10120112, 0x10120210, 0x10120212, 0x11100011, 0x11100110, 0x11100111,
+    0x11100112, 0x11100211, 0x11110010, 0x11110011, 0x11110012, 0x11110110, 0x11110111, 0x11110112,
+    0x11110210, 0x11110211, 0x11110212, 0x11120011, 0x11120110, 0x11120111, 0x11120112, 0x11120211,
+    0x12100012, 0x12100111, 0x12110011, 0x12110110, 0x12110111, 0x12110112, 0x12110211, 0x12120010,
+    0x12120111, 0x12120212, 0x10100021, 0x10100122, 0x10110022, 0x10110121, 0x10110222, 0x10120021,
+    0x10120120, 0x11100022, 0x11100121, 0x11100222, 0x11110021, 0x11110120, 0x11110121, 0x11110122,
+    0x11110221, 0x11120022, 0x11120121, 0x12100121, 0x12110020, 0x12110022, 0x12110121, 0x12110221,
+    0x12110222, 0x12120120, 0x10101100, 0x10101101, 0x10111001, 0x10111100, 0x10111101, 0x10111102,
+    0x10111200, 0x10111201, 0x10121001, 0x10121101, 0x10121200, 0x10121202, 0x11101001, 0x11101100,
+    0x11101101, 0x11101102, 0x11101201, 0x11101202, 0x11111000, 0x11111001, 0x11111100, 0x11111101,
+    0x11111102, 0x11111200, 0x11111201, 0x11111202, 0x11121001, 0x11121002, 0x11121100, 0x11121101,
+    0x11121102, 0x11121201, 0x12101000, 0x12101200, 0x12101202, 0x12111001, 0x12111100, 0x12111101,
+    0x12111102, 0x12111201, 0x12121001, 0x12121100, 0x12121101, 0x12121202, 0x10101011, 0x10101012,
+    0x10101110, 0x10101111, 0x10101112, 0x10101211, 0x10111010, 0x10111011, 0x10111012, 0x10111110,
+    0x10111111, 0x10111112, 0x10111211, 0x10111212, 0x10121011, 0x10121110, 0x10121111, 0x10121112,
+    0x10121211, 0x11101010, 0x11101011, 0x11101012, 0x11101110, 0x11101111, 0x11101112, 0x11101210,
+    0x11101211, 0x11111010, 0x11111011, 0x11111012, 0x11111110, 0x11111111, 0x11111112, 0x11111210,
+    0x11111211, 0x11111212, 0x11121010, 0x11121011, 0x11121110, 0x11121111, 0x11121112, 0x11121210,
+    0x11121211, 0x11121212, 0x12101011, 0x12101110, 0x12101111, 0x12101211, 0x12101212, 0x12111010,
+    0x12111011, 0x12111110, 0x12111111, 0x12111112, 0x12111210, 0x12111211, 0x12121011, 0x12121110,
+    0x12121111, 0x12121112, 0x12121211, 0x10101020, 0x10101021, 0x10101022, 0x10101120, 0x10101122,
+    0x10101220, 0x10101221, 0x10111021, 0x10111120, 0x10111121, 0x10111220, 0x10111221, 0x10121020,
+    0x10121021, 0x10121022, 0x10121120, 0x10121121, 0x10121122, 0x10121220, 0x10121221, 0x11101021,
+    0x11101121, 0x11101122, 0x11101220, 0x11101221, 0x11101222, 0x11111020, 0x11111021, 0x11111022,
+    0x11111120, 0x11111121, 0x11111122, 0x11111220, 0x11111221, 0x11111222, 0x11121021, 0x11121120,
+    0x11121121, 0x11121221, 0x12101022, 0x12101121, 0x12101122, 0x12101220, 0x12101221, 0x12101222,
+    0x12111021, 0x12111121, 0x12111222, 0x12121022, 0x12121121, 0x12121122, 0x12121220, 0x12121221,
+    0x10102100, 0x10102101, 0x10102102, 0x10102201, 0x10112000, 0x10112101, 0x10112200, 0x10122001,
+    0x10122202, 0x11102101, 0x11102200, 0x11102202, 0x11112001, 0x11112100, 0x11112101, 0x11112102,
+    0x11112200, 0x11112201, 0x11122000, 0x11122002, 0x11122100, 0x11122101, 0x12102002, 0x12102201,
+    0x12112000, 0x12112002, 0x12112101, 0x12112200, 0x12122001, 0x12122201, 0x10102011, 0x10102012,
+    0x10102111, 0x10102212, 0x10112011, 0x10112110, 0x10112111, 0x10112112, 0x10112211, 0x10122111,
+    0x11102011, 0x11102110, 0x11102111, 0x11102112, 0x11102211, 0x11112010, 0x11112011, 0x11112012,
+    0x11112110, 0x11112111, 0x11112112, 0x11112210, 0x11112211, 0x11112212, 0x11122011, 0x11122110,
+    0x11122111, 0x11122112, 0x11122211, 0x12102011, 0x12102111, 0x12102211, 0x12112011, 0x12112110,
+    0x12112111, 0x12112112, 0x12112210, 0x12112211, 0x12122111, 0x10102120, 0x10102220, 0x10112121,
+    0x10112222, 0x10122020, 0x10122121, 0x10122122, 0x10122221, 0x11102121, 0x11102220, 0x11102221,
+    0x11112021, 0x11112121, 0x11112122, 0x11112220, 0x11112221, 0x11122022, 0x11122121, 0x11122220,
+    0x11122222, 0x12102021, 0x12102222, 0x12112022, 0x12112121, 0x12112122, 0x12112220, 0x12112222,
+    0x12122021, 0x10200101, 0x10210100, 0x10210102, 0x10210201, 0x10220101, 0x11200100, 0x11210000,
+    0x11210101, 0x11210102, 0x11210200, 0x11210202, 0x11220001, 0x11220100, 0x11220102, 0x11220201,
+    0x12200001, 0x12210102, 0x12220101, 0x10200011, 0x10200110, 0x10200112, 0x10200211, 0x10210012,
+    0x10210111, 0x10220011, 0x10220012, 0x10220112, 0x10220211, 0x11200111, 0x11200211, 0x11210011,
+    0x11210111, 0x11210112, 0x11210211, 0x11220111, 0x11220112, 0x11220212, 0x12200110, 0x12200212,
+    0x12210012, 0x12210111, 0x12220011, 0x12220112, 0x12220211, 0x10210021, 0x10210122, 0x10210221,
+    0x11200020, 0x11200021, 0x11200122, 0x11210121, 0x11210122, 0x11210220, 0x11220020, 0x12200121,
+    0x12210021, 0x12210122, 0x12220121, 0x10211001, 0x10211002, 0x10211101, 0x10211102, 0x10211202,
+    0x10221001, 0x10221102, 0x10221201, 0x11201000, 0x11201002, 0x11201101, 0x11201200, 0x11201202,
+    0x11211001, 0x11211100, 0x11211101, 0x11211102, 0x11211201, 0x11211202, 0x11221000, 0x11221002,
+    0x11221101, 0x12201100, 0x12201101, 0x12201201, 0x12211000, 0x12211002, 0x12211100, 0x12211101,
+    0x12211102, 0x12211200, 0x12211202, 0x12221001, 0x12221100, 0x12221201, 0x10201111, 0x10201210,
+    0x10201212, 0x10211011, 0x10211111, 0x10211112, 0x10211211, 0x11201110, 0x11201111, 0x11201112,
+    0x11201211, 0x11211010, 0x11211011, 0x11211110, 0x11211111, 0x11211112, 0x11211211, 0x11221011,
+    0x11221110, 0x11221111, 0x11221112, 0x11221211, 0x12201112, 0x12201211, 0x12201212, 0x12211011,
+    0x12211111, 0x12211112, 0x12211211, 0x12211212, 0x12221012, 0x12221111, 0x12221112, 0x12221210,
+    0x10201022, 0x10201221, 0x10211121, 0x10221020, 0x10221122, 0x10221220, 0x10221221, 0x11201020,
+    0x11201121, 0x11201220, 0x11201222, 0x11211021, 0x11211120, 0x11211121, 0x11211122, 0x11211220,
+    0x11211222, 0x11221020, 0x11221121, 0x11221220, 0x12201020, 0x12201022, 0x12201121, 0x12201222,
+    0x12211120, 0x12211122, 0x12211220, 0x12211221, 0x12221020, 0x12221120, 0x12221122, 0x12221222,
+    0x10212102, 0x10212201, 0x10222101, 0x11202001, 0x11212002, 0x11212101, 0x11212202, 0x11222001,
+    0x11222201, 0x12202101, 0x12212001, 0x12212200, 0x12222102, 0x10202011, 0x10202110, 0x10212010,
+    0x10212111, 0x10222011, 0x10222110, 0x10222112, 0x10222211, 0x11202010, 0x11202011, 0x11202111,
+    0x11202112, 0x11202210, 0x11212011, 0x11212110, 0x11212111, 0x11212112, 0x11212211, 0x11222010,
+    0x11222111, 0x11222212, 0x12202012, 0x12202110, 0x12202212, 0x12212111, 0x12222011, 0x12222110,
+    0x12222111, 0x12222211, 0x10212021, 0x10212122, 0x10212220, 0x11202021, 0x11202120, 0x11202221,
+    0x11212020, 0x11212121, 0x11212220, 0x11212222, 0x11222120, 0x11222121, 0x11222221, 0x12202122,
+    0x12212120, 0x12212220, 0x12212222, 0x12222122, 0x20000000, 0x20000002, 0x20000200, 0x20000202,
+    0x20020000, 0x20020002, 0x20020200, 0x20020202, 0x21000101, 0x21010000, 0x21010001, 0x21010100,
+    0x21010102, 0x21010201, 0x21020101, 0x22000000, 0x22000002, 0x22000200, 0x22000202, 0x22010101,
+    0x22020000, 0x22020002, 0x22020200, 0x22020202, 0x20000111, 0x20010011, 0x20010110, 0x20010112,
+    0x20010211, 0x20020111, 0x21000011, 0x21000110, 0x21000211, 0x21010010, 0x21010012, 0x21010111,
+    0x21010112, 0x21010210, 0x21010211, 0x21020110, 0x21020112, 0x21020211, 0x22000111, 0x22000211,
+    0x22010110, 0x22010112, 0x22010211, 0x22020111, 0x20000020, 0x20000022, 0x20000220, 0x20000222,
+    0x20010121, 0x20020020, 0x20020022, 0x20020220, 0x20020222, 0x21010021, 0x21010120, 0x21010221,
+    0x21020121, 0x22000020, 0x22000022, 0x22000220, 0x22000222, 0x22010121, 0x22020020, 0x22020022,
+    0x22020220, 0x22020222, 0x20011100, 0x20011201, 0x21001001, 0x21001100, 0x21011001, 0x21011101,
+    0x21011202, 0x21021001, 0x21021100, 0x21021201, 0x22011100, 0x22011201, 0x20001011, 0x20001211,
+    0x20011012, 0x20011111, 0x20011212, 0x20021112, 0x20021211, 0x21001010, 0x21001011, 0x21001111,
+    0x21001210, 0x21011011, 0x21011110, 0x21011111, 0x21011112, 0x21011211, 0x21011212, 0x21021111,
+    0x21021112, 0x21021210, 0x21021212, 0x22001011, 0x22001110, 0x22001112, 0x22001211, 0x22011010,
+    0x22011012, 0x22011111, 0x22011210, 0x22021112, 0x20011021, 0x20011122, 0x20011221, 0x20021121,
+    0x21001021, 0x21001120, 0x21001221, 0x21001222, 0x21011020, 0x21011121, 0x21011221, 0x21011222,
+    0x21021021, 0x21021122, 0x21021222, 0x22001121, 0x22011021, 0x22011222, 0x22021120, 0x20002000,
+    0x20002002, 0x20002200, 0x20002202, 0x20012101, 0x20022000, 0x20022002, 0x20022200, 0x20022202,
+    0x21002001, 0x21002101, 0x21012001, 0x21012100, 0x21012201, 0x21022101, 0x21022201, 0x22002000,
+    0x22002002, 0x22002200, 0x22002202, 0x22012101, 0x22022000, 0x22022002, 0x22022200, 0x22022202,
+    0x20002111, 0x20002112, 0x20012011, 0x20012110, 0x20012112, 0x20022111, 0x21002011, 0x21002110,
+    0x21002112, 0x21002211, 0x21012010, 0x21012012, 0x21012111, 0x21012212, 0x21022011, 0x21022110,
+    0x22002111, 0x22012112, 0x22012211, 0x22022111, 0x20002020, 0x20002022, 0x20002220, 0x20002222,
+    0x20012121, 0x20022020, 0x20022022, 0x20022220, 0x20022222, 0x21002121, 0x21012021, 0x21012120,
+    0x21012122, 0x22002020, 0x22002022, 0x22002220, 0x22002222, 0x22012121, 0x22022020, 0x22022022,
+    0x22022220, 0x22022222, 0x20100101, 0x20110001, 0x20110102, 0x20110200, 0x20110201, 0x20120101,
+    0x21100001, 0x21100102, 0x21100201, 0x21110101, 0x21110200, 0x21110202, 0x21120201, 0x21120202,
+    0x22100101, 0x22110001, 0x22110100, 0x22110102, 0x22110201, 0x22120101, 0x20100011, 0x20100110,
+    0x20100112, 0x20100211, 0x20110010, 0x20110111, 0x20110210, 0x20110212, 0x20120011, 0x20120110,
+    0x20120112, 0x20120211, 0x21100010, 0x21100111, 0x21110010, 0x21110011, 0x21110110, 0x21110111,
+    0x21110112, 0x21110211, 0x21120012, 0x21120111, 0x22100110, 0x22100112, 0x22110012, 0x22110111,
+    0x22110210, 0x22120011, 0x22120110, 0x22120112, 0x22120211, 0x20100121, 0x20110021, 0x20110120,
+    0x20110221, 0x20120121, 0x21100120, 0x21100122, 0x21100221, 0x21110020, 0x21110022, 0x21110121,
+    0x21110220, 0x21120122, 0x21120221, 0x22100121, 0x22110120, 0x22110122, 0x22120221, 0x20101001,
+    0x20101100, 0x20101102, 0x20111000, 0x20111101, 0x20111200, 0x20121102, 0x21101000, 0x21101202,
+    0x21111001, 0x21111100, 0x21111101, 0x21111102, 0x21111200, 0x21111201, 0x21121000, 0x21121001,
+    0x21121002, 0x21121101, 0x22101100, 0x22101102, 0x22111002, 0x22111100, 0x22111101, 0x22111200,
+    0x22121001, 0x22121201, 0x20101010, 0x20101111, 0x20101210, 0x20101212, 0x20111010, 0x20111011,
+    0x20111110, 0x20111111, 0x20111112, 0x20111211, 0x20121011, 0x20121111, 0x20121211, 0x20121212,
+    0x21101011, 0x21101110, 0x21101111, 0x21101112, 0x21101211, 0x21111010, 0x21111011, 0x21111012,
+    0x21111110, 0x21111111, 0x21111112, 0x21111210, 0x21111211, 0x21111212, 0x21121011, 0x21121110,
+    0x21121111, 0x21121112, 0x21121211, 0x22101011, 0x22101111, 0x22101210, 0x22111011, 0x22111012,
+    0x22111110, 0x22111111, 0x22111112, 0x22111211, 0x22111212, 0x22121010, 0x22121012, 0x22121111,
+    0x22121210, 0x22121212, 0x20101021, 0x20101120, 0x20111020, 0x20111121, 0x20111221, 0x20121020,
+    0x20121122, 0x20121221, 0x21101121, 0x21101220, 0x21101221, 0x21111021, 0x21111022, 0x21111121,
+    0x21111122, 0x21111221, 0x21121121, 0x21121220, 0x22101022, 0x22101120, 0x22101221, 0x22101222,
+    0x22111022, 0x22111120, 0x22111121, 0x22121120, 0x22121122, 0x22121221, 0x20102101, 0x20112102,
+    0x20112201, 0x20122101, 0x21102001, 0x21102102, 0x21112000, 0x21112002, 0x21112101, 0x21112102,
+    0x21112202, 0x21122100, 0x21122101, 0x22102101, 0x22112001, 0x22112102, 0x22112201, 0x22122101,
+    0x20102110, 0x20102112, 0x20102211, 0x20112010, 0x20112012, 0x20112111, 0x20112210, 0x20112212,
+    0x20122010, 0x20122011, 0x20122110, 0x20122112, 0x21102010, 0x21102012, 0x21102111, 0x21102210,
+    0x21102212, 0x21112011, 0x21112110, 0x21112111, 0x21112112, 0x21112211, 0x21122012, 0x21122111,
+    0x21122112, 0x21122212, 0x22102011, 0x22102110, 0x22112010, 0x22112012, 0x22112111, 0x22112212,
+    0x22122011, 0x22122112, 0x20102121, 0x20112121, 0x20122121, 0x21102120, 0x21102122, 0x21102221,
+    0x21112020, 0x21112121, 0x21112220, 0x21122021, 0x22102121, 0x22112021, 0x22112120, 0x22112121,
+    0x22112122, 0x20200000, 0x20200002, 0x20200200, 0x20200202, 0x20210101, 0x20220000, 0x20220002,
+    0x20220200, 0x20220202, 0x21200101, 0x21210001, 0x21210100, 0x21210102, 0x21210201, 0x22200000,
+    0x22200002, 0x22200200, 0x22200202, 0x22210101, 0x22220000, 0x22220002, 0x22220200, 0x22220202,
+    0x20200111, 0x20200211, 0x20210011, 0x20210110, 0x20210112, 0x20210211, 0x20210212, 0x21200112,
+    0x21200211, 0x21210011, 0x21210111, 0x21210210, 0x21210212, 0x21220011, 0x21220110, 0x22200111,
+    0x22210010, 0x22210012, 0x22210112, 0x22210211, 0x20200022, 0x20200220, 0x20200222, 0x20210020,
+    0x20210221, 0x20220022, 0x20220220, 0x20220222, 0x21200121, 0x21210021, 0x21210122, 0x21210221,
+    0x21220121, 0x22200020, 0x22200022, 0x22200220, 0x22200222, 0x22210121, 0x22220020, 0x22220022,
+    0x22220220, 0x22220222, 0x20211201, 0x20221101, 0x21201001, 0x21201100, 0x21211000, 0x21211100,
+    0x21211101, 0x21211200, 0x21211202, 0x21221001, 0x21221101, 0x21221102, 0x21221200, 0x21221201,
+    0x22201101, 0x20201112, 0x20201211, 0x20211010, 0x20211012, 0x20211111, 0x20211210, 0x20221112,
+    0x20221211, 0x21201012, 0x21201111, 0x21211011, 0x21211110, 0x21211111, 0x21211112, 0x21211211,
+    0x21221111, 0x21221212, 0x22201011, 0x22201110, 0x22201111, 0x22201112, 0x22201211, 0x22211012,
+    0x22211111, 0x22211210, 0x20201121, 0x20211021, 0x20211122, 0x20211222, 0x20221021, 0x20221121,
+    0x21201120, 0x21201122, 0x21201222, 0x21211022, 0x21211121, 0x21211122, 0x21211220, 0x21221020,
+    0x21221022, 0x22201122, 0x22211020, 0x22211121, 0x22211122, 0x22211221, 0x22221021, 0x22221120,
+    0x22221122, 0x20202000, 0x20202002, 0x20202200, 0x20202202, 0x20222000, 0x20222002, 0x20222200,
+    0x20222202, 0x21212001, 0x21212100, 0x21212102, 0x21212201, 0x22202000, 0x22202002, 0x22202200,
+    0x22202202, 0x22212101, 0x22222000, 0x22222002, 0x22222200, 0x22222202, 0x20202111, 0x20212110,
+    0x20212211, 0x20222011, 0x20222111, 0x21202011, 0x21212010, 0x21212111, 0x21212212, 0x21222011,
+    0x21222112, 0x21222211, 0x22212010, 0x22212112, 0x20202020, 0x20202022, 0x20202220, 0x20202222,
+    0x20222020, 0x20222022, 0x20222220, 0x20222222, 0x21212021, 0x21212120, 0x21212122, 0x22202020,
+    0x22202022, 0x22202220, 0x22202222, 0x22212121, 0x22222020, 0x22222022, 0x22222220, 0x22222222,
+};
+
 shared uint16_t iq1s_grid[2048];
+shared uint32_t iq1s_grid_gpu[2048];
 
 #define NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
 void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
@@ -538,6 +857,12 @@ void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
             iq1s_grid[2*idx+1] = g.y;
         }
     }
+    [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < iq1s_grid_gpu_const.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        uint idx = i + gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x;
+        if (iq1s_grid_gpu_const.length() % wgsize.x == 0 || idx < iq1s_grid_gpu_const.length()) {
+            iq1s_grid_gpu[idx] = iq1s_grid_gpu_const[idx];
+        }
+    }
     barrier();
 }
 #endif
@@ -1309,10 +1634,28 @@ struct block_iq4_xs
     uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ4_XS/2];
 };
 
+struct block_iq4_xs_packed16
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t scales_h;
+    uint16_t scales_l[QUANT_K_IQ4_XS/128];
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ4_XS/4];
+};
+
+struct block_iq4_xs_packed32
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t scales_h;
+    uint32_t scales_l;
+    uint32_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ4_XS/8];
+};
+
 #if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_XS)
 #define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ4_XS
 #define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ4_XS
 #define A_TYPE block_iq4_xs
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq4_xs_packed16
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED32 block_iq4_xs_packed32
 #endif
 
 #define QUANT_K_IQ4_NL 32
@@ -1337,6 +1680,22 @@ struct block_iq4_nl_packed16
 #define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq4_nl_packed16
 #endif
 
+#define QUANT_K_MXFP4 32
+#define QUANT_R_MXFP4 2
+
+struct block_mxfp4
+{
+    uint8_t e;
+    uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_MXFP4/2];
+};
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+#define QUANT_K QUANT_K_MXFP4
+#define QUANT_R QUANT_R_MXFP4
+#define QUANT_AUXF 1
+#define A_TYPE block_mxfp4
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_XS)
 const int8_t kvalues_iq4nl_const[16] = {
     int8_t(-127), int8_t(-104), int8_t(-83), int8_t(-65), int8_t(-49), int8_t(-35), int8_t(-22), int8_t(-10),
@@ -1356,6 +1715,25 @@ void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(DATA_A_MXFP4)
+const int8_t kvalues_mxfp4_const[16] = {
+    int8_t(0), int8_t(1), int8_t(2), int8_t(3), int8_t(4), int8_t(6), int8_t(8), int8_t(12),
+    int8_t(0), int8_t(-1), int8_t(-2), int8_t(-3), int8_t(-4), int8_t(-6), int8_t(-8), int8_t(-12),
+};
+
+shared int8_t kvalues_mxfp4[16];
+
+#define NEEDS_INIT_IQ_SHMEM
+void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
+{
+    // copy the table into shared memory and sync
+    for (uint i = gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x; i < kvalues_mxfp4.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        kvalues_mxfp4[i] = kvalues_mxfp4_const[i];
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
+#endif
+
 // returns the bfloat value in the low 16b.
 // See ggml_compute_fp32_to_bf16
 uint32_t fp32_to_bf16(float f)
@@ -1370,4 +1748,37 @@ float bf16_to_fp32(uint32_t u)
     return uintBitsToFloat(u << 16);
 }
 
+vec4 bf16_to_fp32(uvec4 u)
+{
+    return vec4(bf16_to_fp32(u.x), bf16_to_fp32(u.y), bf16_to_fp32(u.z), bf16_to_fp32(u.w));
+}
+
+float e8m0_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
+    uint32_t bits;
+
+    if (x == 0) {
+        bits = 0x00400000;
+    } else {
+        bits = x;
+        bits = bits << 23;
+    }
+
+    return uintBitsToFloat(bits);
+}
+
+#if BDA
+
+#extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int64 : enable
+
+#define BDA_STORAGE_T uint64_t
+#define BDA_OFFSET_T uint64_t
+
+#else
+
+#define BDA_STORAGE_T uvec2
+#define BDA_OFFSET_T uint
+
+#endif
+
 #endif // !defined(GGML_TYPES_COMP)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/upscale.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/upscale.comp
index 6f607380df8..f7d12a8dda6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/upscale.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/upscale.comp
@@ -3,18 +3,149 @@
 layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 {
     uint ne; uint a_offset; uint d_offset;
+    uint ne00; uint ne01;
     uint nb00; uint nb01; uint nb02; uint nb03;
     uint ne10; uint ne11; uint ne12; uint ne13;
     float sf0; float sf1; float sf2; float sf3;
+    float pixel_offset;
 } p;
 
-#include "types.comp"
+#include "types.glsl"
 
 layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {A_TYPE data_a[];};
 layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
+// from ggml.h: enum ggml_scale_mode, enum ggml_scale_flag
+#define NEAREST  0
+#define BILINEAR 1
+#define BICUBIC  2
+#define BILINEAR_ANTIALIAS 513
+
+layout (constant_id = 0) const uint scale_mode = 0;
+
+float fetch_nearest(uint i10, uint i11, uint i12, uint i13) {
+    const uint i00 = uint(i10 / p.sf0);
+    const uint i01 = uint(i11 / p.sf1);
+    const uint i02 = uint(i12 / p.sf2);
+    const uint i03 = uint(i13 / p.sf3);
+
+    return data_a[p.a_offset + i03 * p.nb03 + i02 * p.nb02 + i01 * p.nb01 + i00 * p.nb00];
+}
+
+float fetch_bilinear(ivec2 c0, ivec2 c1, vec2 d, uint i12, uint i13) {
+    const uint i02 = uint(i12 / p.sf2);
+    const uint i03 = uint(i13 / p.sf3);
+    const uint base = p.a_offset + i03 * p.nb03 + i02 * p.nb02;
+
+    const float v00 = data_a[base + c0.y * p.nb01 + c0.x * p.nb00];
+    const float v01 = data_a[base + c0.y * p.nb01 + c1.x * p.nb00];
+    const float v10 = data_a[base + c1.y * p.nb01 + c0.x * p.nb00];
+    const float v11 = data_a[base + c1.y * p.nb01 + c1.x * p.nb00];
+
+    return
+        v00 * (1.0-d.x) * (1.0-d.y) +
+        v01 * d.x       * (1.0-d.y) +
+        v10 * (1.0-d.x) * d.y +
+        v11 * d.x       * d.y;
+}
+
+float interpolate_bilinear(uint i10, uint i11, uint i12, uint i13) {
+    const ivec2 ne0 = ivec2(p.ne00, p.ne01);
+
+    const vec2 c = (vec2(i10, i11) + p.pixel_offset) / vec2(p.sf0, p.sf1) - p.pixel_offset;
+    const vec2 c0f = floor(c);
+    const vec2 d = c - c0f;
+    const ivec2 c0 = max(ivec2(c0f), 0);
+    const ivec2 c1 = min(ivec2(c0f + 1), ne0 - 1);
+
+    return fetch_bilinear(c0, c1, d, i12, i13);
+}
+
+float triangle_filter(float x) {
+    return max(1.0f - abs(x), 0.0f);
+}
+
+float interpolate_bilinear_antialias(uint i10, uint i11, uint i12, uint i13) {
+    const float support1  = max(1.0f, 1.0f / p.sf1);
+    const float invscale1 = 1.0f / support1;
+    const float support0  = max(1.0f, 1.0f / p.sf0);
+    const float invscale0 = 1.0f / support0;
+
+    const uint i02 = uint(i12 / p.sf2);
+    const uint i03 = uint(i13 / p.sf3);
+
+    const float y = (float(i11) + p.pixel_offset) / p.sf1;
+    const float x = (float(i10) + p.pixel_offset) / p.sf0;
+
+    // the range of source pixels that contribute
+    const int x_min = max(int(x - support0 + p.pixel_offset), 0);
+    const int x_max = min(int(x + support0 + p.pixel_offset), int(p.ne00));
+    const int y_min = max(int(y - support1 + p.pixel_offset), 0);
+    const int y_max = min(int(y + support1 + p.pixel_offset), int(p.ne01));
+
+    // bilinear filter with antialiasing
+    float val = 0.0f;
+    float total_weight = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int sy = y_min; sy < y_max; sy++) {
+        const float weight_y = triangle_filter((sy - y + p.pixel_offset) * invscale1);
+
+        for (int sx = x_min; sx < x_max; sx++) {
+            const float weight_x = triangle_filter((sx - x + p.pixel_offset) * invscale0);
+            const float weight = weight_x * weight_y;
+
+            if (weight <= 0.0f) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const float pixel = data_a[p.a_offset + i03 * p.nb03 + i02 * p.nb02 + sy * p.nb01 + sx * p.nb00];
+            val += pixel * weight;
+            total_weight += weight;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (total_weight > 0.0f) {
+        val /= total_weight;
+    }
+
+    return val;
+}
+
+// Bicubic interpolation with alpha = -0.75
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation#Bicubic_convolution_algorithm
+const vec4 bcoeffs1 = vec4( 1.25, -2.25,  0.0, 1.0);
+const vec4 bcoeffs2 = vec4(-0.75,  3.75, -6.0, 3.0);
+vec4 powers(float x) { return vec4(x*x*x, x*x, x, 1); }
+
+float bicubic(float p0, float p1, float p2, float p3, float x) {
+    return p0 * dot(bcoeffs2, powers(x + 1)) +
+           p1 * dot(bcoeffs1, powers(x    )) +
+           p2 * dot(bcoeffs1, powers(1 - x)) +
+           p3 * dot(bcoeffs2, powers(2 - x));
+}
+
+#define FETCH(a,b) data_a[base + clamp(i.x+(a), 0, res.x) * p.nb00 + clamp(i.y+(b), 0, res.y) * p.nb01]
+
+float interpolate_bicubic(uint i10, uint i11, uint i12, uint i13) {
+    const ivec2 res = ivec2(p.ne00 - 1, p.ne01 - 1);
+
+    const vec2 coord = (vec2(i10, i11) + p.pixel_offset) / vec2(p.sf0, p.sf1) - p.pixel_offset;
+    const vec2 d = fract(coord);
+    const ivec2 i = ivec2(floor(coord));
+
+    const uint i02 = uint(i12 / p.sf2);
+    const uint i03 = uint(i13 / p.sf3);
+    const uint base = p.a_offset + i03 * p.nb03 + i02 * p.nb02;
+
+    return bicubic(
+        bicubic(FETCH(-1,-1), FETCH(0,-1), FETCH(1,-1), FETCH(2,-1), d.x),
+        bicubic(FETCH(-1, 0), FETCH(0, 0), FETCH(1, 0), FETCH(2, 0), d.x),
+        bicubic(FETCH(-1, 1), FETCH(0, 1), FETCH(1, 1), FETCH(2, 1), d.x),
+        bicubic(FETCH(-1, 2), FETCH(0, 2), FETCH(1, 2), FETCH(2, 2), d.x), d.y);
+}
+
 void main() {
     const uint idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
 
@@ -27,10 +158,21 @@ void main() {
     const uint i12 = (idx / (p.ne10 * p.ne11)) % p.ne12;
     const uint i13 = (idx / (p.ne10 * p.ne11 * p.ne12)) % p.ne13;
 
-    const uint i00 = uint(i10 / p.sf0);
-    const uint i01 = uint(i11 / p.sf1);
-    const uint i02 = uint(i12 / p.sf2);
-    const uint i03 = uint(i13 / p.sf3);
+    float result;
+    switch (scale_mode) {
+        case NEAREST:
+            result = fetch_nearest(i10, i11, i12, i13);
+            break;
+        case BILINEAR:
+            result = interpolate_bilinear(i10, i11, i12, i13);
+            break;
+        case BICUBIC:
+            result = interpolate_bicubic(i10, i11, i12, i13);
+            break;
+        case BILINEAR_ANTIALIAS:
+            result = interpolate_bilinear_antialias(i10, i11, i12, i13);
+            break;
+    }
 
-    data_d[p.d_offset + idx] = D_TYPE(data_a[p.a_offset + i03 * p.nb03 + i02 * p.nb02 + i01 * p.nb01 + i00 * p.nb00]);
+    data_d[p.d_offset + idx] = D_TYPE(result);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/utils.glsl b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/utils.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc4a1e6d96b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/utils.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef UTILS_COMP
+#define UTILS_COMP
+
+// mod and div are expensive and coordinates/dimensions are often power of 2 or equal to 1
+uint fastmod(uint a, uint b) {
+    if ((b & (b-1)) == 0) {
+        return a & (b-1);
+    }
+    return a % b;
+}
+
+uint fastdiv(uint a, uint b) {
+    return (a < b) ? 0 : (a / b);
+}
+
+void get_indices(uint idx, out uint i00, out uint i01, out uint i02, out uint i03, uint ne00, uint ne01, uint ne02, uint ne03) {
+    i03 = fastdiv(idx, (ne02*ne01*ne00));
+    const uint i03_offset = i03 * ne02*ne01*ne00;
+    i02 = fastdiv((idx - i03_offset), (ne01*ne00));
+    const uint i02_offset = i02*ne01*ne00;
+    i01 = (idx - i03_offset - i02_offset) / ne00;
+    i00 = idx - i03_offset - i02_offset - i01*ne00;
+}
+
+#endif // UTILS_COMP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp
index c63345ec8b4..4b00ba3debb 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-
-
 #include <iostream>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -20,8 +18,10 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <filesystem>
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
+    #define NOMINMAX
     #include <windows.h>
     #include <direct.h> // For _mkdir on Windows
 #else
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@
 
 std::mutex lock;
 std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> shader_fnames;
+std::locale c_locale("C");
 
 std::string GLSLC = "glslc";
-std::string input_dir = "vulkan-shaders";
+std::string input_filepath = "";
 std::string output_dir = "/tmp";
-std::string target_hpp = "ggml-vulkan-shaders.hpp";
-std::string target_cpp = "ggml-vulkan-shaders.cpp";
-bool no_clean = false;
+std::string target_hpp = "";
+std::string target_cpp = "";
 
 const std::vector<std::string> type_names = {
     "f32",
@@ -64,11 +64,19 @@ const std::vector<std::string> type_names = {
     "iq3_s",
     "iq4_xs",
     "iq4_nl",
+    "mxfp4",
     "bf16",
 };
 
+enum MatMulIdType {
+    NONE,
+    DEFAULT,
+    SUBGROUP,
+};
+
 namespace {
-void execute_command(const std::string& command, std::string& stdout_str, std::string& stderr_str) {
+
+void execute_command(std::vector<std::string>& command, std::string& stdout_str, std::string& stderr_str) {
 #ifdef _WIN32
     HANDLE stdout_read, stdout_write;
     HANDLE stderr_read, stderr_write;
@@ -91,8 +99,10 @@ void execute_command(const std::string& command, std::string& stdout_str, std::s
     si.hStdOutput = stdout_write;
     si.hStdError = stderr_write;
 
-    std::vector<char> cmd(command.begin(), command.end());
-    cmd.push_back('\0');
+    std::string cmd;
+    for (const auto& part : command) {
+        cmd += part + " ";
+    }
 
     if (!CreateProcessA(NULL, cmd.data(), NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
         throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create process");
@@ -118,7 +128,7 @@ void execute_command(const std::string& command, std::string& stdout_str, std::s
     CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
     CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
 #else
-int stdout_pipe[2];
+    int stdout_pipe[2];
     int stderr_pipe[2];
 
     if (pipe(stdout_pipe) != 0 || pipe(stderr_pipe) != 0) {
@@ -130,6 +140,12 @@ int stdout_pipe[2];
         throw std::runtime_error("Failed to fork process");
     }
 
+    std::vector<char*> argv;
+    for (std::string& part : command) {
+        argv.push_back(part.data());
+    }
+    argv.push_back(nullptr);
+
     if (pid == 0) {
         close(stdout_pipe[0]);
         close(stderr_pipe[0]);
@@ -137,7 +153,7 @@ int stdout_pipe[2];
         dup2(stderr_pipe[1], STDERR_FILENO);
         close(stdout_pipe[1]);
         close(stderr_pipe[1]);
-        execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", command.c_str(), (char*) nullptr);
+        execvp(argv[0], argv.data());
         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     } else {
         close(stdout_pipe[1]);
@@ -199,6 +215,22 @@ bool string_ends_with(const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
     return std::equal(suffix.rbegin(), suffix.rend(), str.rbegin());
 }
 
+bool is_quantized_type(const std::string& type_name) {
+    return type_name != "f32" && type_name != "f16" && type_name != "bf16";
+}
+
+bool is_legacy_quant(const std::string& type_name) {
+    return type_name == "q4_0" || type_name == "q4_1" || type_name == "q5_0" || type_name == "q5_1" || type_name == "q8_0";
+}
+
+bool is_k_quant(const std::string& type_name) {
+    return string_ends_with(type_name, "_k");
+}
+
+bool is_iq_quant(const std::string& type_name) {
+    return string_starts_with(type_name, "iq");
+}
+
 static const char path_separator = '/';
 
 std::string join_paths(const std::string& path1, const std::string& path2) {
@@ -209,27 +241,112 @@ std::string basename(const std::string &path) {
     return path.substr(path.find_last_of("/\\") + 1);
 }
 
+std::stringstream make_generic_stringstream() {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss.imbue(c_locale);
+    return ss;
+}
+
+std::string read_binary_file(const std::string& path, bool may_not_exist = false) {
+    FILE* f = fopen(path.c_str(), "rb");
+    if (!f) {
+        if (!may_not_exist) {
+            std::cerr << "Error opening file: " << path << " (" << strerror(errno) << ")\n";
+        }
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+    size_t size = ftell(f);
+    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+    std::string data(size, '\0');
+    size_t read_size = fread(data.data(), 1, size, f);
+    fclose(f);
+    if (read_size != size) {
+        std::cerr << "Error reading file: " << path << " (" << strerror(errno) << ")\n";
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+void write_binary_file(const std::string& path, const std::string& content) {
+    FILE* f = fopen(path.c_str(), "wb");
+    if (!f) {
+        std::cerr << "Error opening file for writing: " << path << " (" << strerror(errno) << ")\n";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    size_t write_size = fwrite(content.data(), 1, content.size(), f);
+    fclose(f);
+    if (write_size != content.size()) {
+        std::cerr << "Error writing file: " << path << " (" << strerror(errno) << ")\n";
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+void write_file_if_changed(const std::string& path, const std::string& content) {
+    std::string existing = read_binary_file(path, true);
+    if (existing != content) {
+        write_binary_file(path, content);
+    }
+}
+
+
 // variables to track number of compiles in progress
 static uint32_t compile_count = 0;
 static std::mutex compile_count_mutex;
 static std::condition_variable compile_count_cond;
+static bool generate_dep_file = true;
 
-void string_to_spv_func(const std::string& _name, const std::string& in_fname, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& defines, bool fp16 = true, bool coopmat = false, bool coopmat2 = false, bool f16acc = false) {
-    std::string name = _name + (f16acc ? "_f16acc" : "") + (coopmat ? "_cm1" : "") + (coopmat2 ? "_cm2" : (fp16 ? "" : "_fp32"));
-    std::string out_fname = join_paths(output_dir, name + ".spv");
-    std::string in_path = join_paths(input_dir, in_fname);
+void decrement_compile_count(uint32_t * count) {
+    if (count) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
+        assert(compile_count > 0);
+        compile_count--;
+        compile_count_cond.notify_all();
+    }
+}
 
-    std::string target_env = (name.find("_cm2") != std::string::npos) ? "--target-env=vulkan1.3" : "--target-env=vulkan1.2";
+using compile_count_guard = std::unique_ptr<uint32_t, decltype(&decrement_compile_count)>;
 
-    // disable spirv-opt for coopmat shaders for https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/10734
-    std::string opt_level = coopmat ? "" : "-O";
+compile_count_guard acquire_compile_slot() {
+    // wait until fewer than N compiles are in progress.
+    // 16 is an arbitrary limit, the goal is to avoid "failed to create pipe" errors.
+    uint32_t N = std::max(1u, std::min(16u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency()));
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
+    compile_count_cond.wait(guard, [N] { return compile_count < N; });
+    compile_count++;
+    return compile_count_guard(&compile_count, &decrement_compile_count);
+}
+
+void string_to_spv_func(std::string name, std::string in_path, std::string out_path, std::map<std::string, std::string> defines, bool coopmat, bool dep_file, compile_count_guard slot) {
+    std::string target_env = (name.find("_cm2") != std::string::npos) ? "--target-env=vulkan1.3" : "--target-env=vulkan1.2";
 
     #ifdef _WIN32
-        std::vector<std::string> cmd = {GLSLC, "-fshader-stage=compute", target_env, opt_level, "\"" + in_path + "\"", "-o", "\"" + out_fname + "\""};
+        std::vector<std::string> cmd = {GLSLC, "-fshader-stage=compute", target_env, "\"" + in_path + "\"", "-o", "\"" + out_path + "\""};
     #else
-        std::vector<std::string> cmd = {GLSLC, "-fshader-stage=compute", target_env, opt_level, in_path, "-o",  out_fname};
+        std::vector<std::string> cmd = {GLSLC, "-fshader-stage=compute", target_env, in_path, "-o", out_path};
     #endif
 
+    // disable spirv-opt for coopmat shaders for https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/10734
+    // disable spirv-opt for bf16 shaders for https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/15344
+    // disable spirv-opt for rope shaders for https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/16860
+    if (!coopmat && name.find("bf16") == std::string::npos && name.find("rope") == std::string::npos) {
+        cmd.push_back("-O");
+    }
+
+    if (dep_file) {
+        cmd.push_back("-MD");
+        cmd.push_back("-MF");
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        cmd.push_back("\"" + target_cpp + ".d\"");
+#else
+        cmd.push_back(target_cpp + ".d");
+#endif
+    }
+
     #ifdef GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO
         cmd.push_back("-g");
     #endif
@@ -251,23 +368,33 @@ void string_to_spv_func(const std::string& _name, const std::string& in_fname, c
         // }
         // std::cout << std::endl;
 
-        execute_command(command, stdout_str, stderr_str);
+        execute_command(cmd, stdout_str, stderr_str);
         if (!stderr_str.empty()) {
-            std::cerr << "cannot compile " << name << "\n\n" << command << "\n\n" << stderr_str << std::endl;
+            std::cerr << "cannot compile " << name << "\n\n";
+            for (const auto& part : cmd) {
+                std::cerr << part << " ";
+            }
+            std::cerr << "\n\n" << stderr_str << std::endl;
             return;
         }
 
+        if (dep_file) {
+            // replace .spv output path with the embed .cpp path which is used as output in CMakeLists.txt
+            std::string dep = read_binary_file(target_cpp + ".d", true);
+            if (!dep.empty()) {
+                size_t pos = dep.find(out_path);
+                if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                    dep.replace(pos, out_path.length(), target_cpp);
+                }
+                write_binary_file(target_cpp + ".d", dep);
+            }
+        }
+
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(lock);
-        shader_fnames.push_back(std::make_pair(name, out_fname));
+        shader_fnames.push_back(std::make_pair(name, out_path));
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
         std::cerr << "Error executing command for " << name << ": " << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
-        assert(compile_count > 0);
-        compile_count--;
-    }
-    compile_count_cond.notify_all();
 }
 
 std::map<std::string, std::string> merge_maps(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& a, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& b) {
@@ -277,40 +404,52 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string> merge_maps(const std::map<std::string, std::s
 }
 
 static std::vector<std::future<void>> compiles;
-void string_to_spv(const std::string& _name, const std::string& in_fname, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& defines, bool fp16 = true, bool coopmat = false, bool coopmat2 = false, bool f16acc = false) {
-    {
-        // wait until fewer than N compiles are in progress.
-        // 16 is an arbitrary limit, the goal is to avoid "failed to create pipe" errors.
-        uint32_t N = 16;
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
-        while (compile_count >= N) {
-            compile_count_cond.wait(guard);
-        }
-        compile_count++;
+void string_to_spv(std::string name, const std::string& source, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& defines, bool fp16 = true, bool coopmat = false, bool coopmat2 = false, bool f16acc = false) {
+    name = name + (f16acc ? "_f16acc" : "") + (coopmat ? "_cm1" : "") + (coopmat2 ? "_cm2" : (fp16 ? "" : "_fp32"));
+    std::string out_path = join_paths(output_dir, name + ".spv");
+
+    if (input_filepath == "") {
+        // No input source to compile, only generate header for all shaders
+        shader_fnames.push_back(std::pair(name, out_path));
+        return;
+    } else if (basename(input_filepath) != source) {
+        // Only compile shader variants matching the input filename
+        return;
     }
-    compiles.push_back(std::async(string_to_spv_func, _name, in_fname, defines, fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc));
+
+    compile_count_guard slot = acquire_compile_slot();
+    compiles.push_back(std::async(
+        string_to_spv_func, name, input_filepath, out_path, defines, coopmat, generate_dep_file, std::move(slot)));
+    // Don't write the same dep file from multiple processes
+    generate_dep_file = false;
 }
 
-void matmul_shaders(bool fp16, bool matmul_id, bool coopmat, bool coopmat2, bool f16acc) {
+void matmul_shaders(bool fp16, MatMulIdType matmul_id_type, bool coopmat, bool coopmat2, bool f16acc) {
     std::string load_vec = coopmat2 ? "1" : fp16 ? "8" : "4";
     std::string aligned_b_type_f32 = coopmat2 ? "float" : fp16 ? "mat2x4" : "vec4";
     std::string aligned_b_type_f16 = coopmat2 ? "float16_t" : fp16 ? "f16mat2x4" : "f16vec4";
 
-    std::map<std::string, std::string> base_dict = {
-        {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", (coopmat2 || fp16) ? "f16vec2" : "vec2"},
-    };
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> base_dict;
     std::string shader_name = "matmul";
 
-    if (matmul_id) {
+    if (matmul_id_type == MatMulIdType::DEFAULT) {
         base_dict["MUL_MAT_ID"] = "1";
         shader_name = "matmul_id";
+    } else if (matmul_id_type == MatMulIdType::SUBGROUP) {
+        base_dict["MUL_MAT_ID"] = "1";
+        base_dict["MUL_MAT_ID_USE_SUBGROUPS"] = "1";
+        shader_name = "matmul_id_subgroup";
     }
 
     if (fp16) {
         base_dict["FLOAT16"] = "1";
     }
 
-    base_dict["ACC_TYPE"] = f16acc ? "float16_t" : "float";
+    base_dict["ACC_TYPE"     ] = f16acc ? "float16_t" : "float";
+    base_dict["ACC_TYPE_VEC2"] = f16acc ? "f16vec2"   : "vec2";
+    if (f16acc) {
+        base_dict["ACC_TYPE_MAX"] = "float16_t(65504.0)";
+    }
 
     if (coopmat) {
         base_dict["COOPMAT"] = "1";
@@ -318,51 +457,104 @@ void matmul_shaders(bool fp16, bool matmul_id, bool coopmat, bool coopmat2, bool
 
     const std::string source_name = coopmat2 ? "mul_mm_cm2.comp" : "mul_mm.comp";
 
-    auto const &FLOAT_TYPE = [&](const std::string &t) -> std::string {
-        if (t == "bf16") {
-            // scalar path promotes to float
-            if (!coopmat && !coopmat2) {
-                return "float";
+    auto const &FLOAT_TYPE = [&](int vec, const std::string &t) -> std::string {
+        switch (vec) {
+        case 1:
+            if (t == "bf16") {
+                // scalar path promotes to float
+                if (!coopmat && !coopmat2) {
+                    return "float";
+                }
+                return "bfloat16_t";
             }
-            return "bfloat16_t";
-        }
-        if (coopmat2 || fp16) {
-            return "float16_t";
+            if (coopmat2 || fp16) {
+                return "float16_t";
+            }
+            return "float";
+        case 2:
+            if (t == "bf16") {
+                // scalar path promotes to float
+                if (!coopmat && !coopmat2) {
+                    return "vec2";
+                }
+                return "bf16vec2";
+            }
+            if (coopmat2 || fp16) {
+                return "f16vec2";
+            }
+            return "vec2";
+        case 4:
+            if (t == "bf16") {
+                // scalar path promotes to float
+                if (!coopmat && !coopmat2) {
+                    return "vec4";
+                }
+                return "bf16vec4";
+            }
+            if (coopmat2 || fp16) {
+                return "f16vec4";
+            }
+            return "vec4";
+        case 8:
+            if (t == "bf16") {
+                // scalar path promotes to float
+                if (!coopmat && !coopmat2) {
+                    return "mat2x4";
+                }
+                throw std::runtime_error("bf16 vec8 not supported");
+            }
+            if (coopmat2 || fp16) {
+                return "f16mat2x4";
+            }
+            return "mat2x4";
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("invalid vector size");
         }
-        return "float";
+    };
+
+    const std::map<std::string, std::string> float_type_dict_f16 = {
+        {"FLOAT_TYPE",      FLOAT_TYPE(1, "f16")},
+        {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", FLOAT_TYPE(2, "f16")},
+        {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4", FLOAT_TYPE(4, "f16")},
+        {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8", FLOAT_TYPE(8, "f16")},
     };
 
     // Shaders with f16 B_TYPE
-    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f32_f16", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE("f16")}, {"DATA_A_F32", "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, }), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
-    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f32_f16_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE("f16")}, {"DATA_A_F32", "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec}, {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f16}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f32_f16",         source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict_f16), {{"DATA_A_F32", "1"},                                                     {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"},        {"D_TYPE", "float"}, }), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f32_f16_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict_f16), {{"DATA_A_F32", "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec}, {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f16}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
 
-    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f16_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE("f16")}, {"DATA_A_F16", "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec}, {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f16}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
-    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f16", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE("f16")}, {"DATA_A_F16", "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f16",             source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict_f16), {{"DATA_A_F16", "1"},                                                     {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"},        {"D_TYPE", "float"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+    string_to_spv(shader_name + "_f16_aligned",     source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict_f16), {{"DATA_A_F16", "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec}, {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f16}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
 
     // bf16
     {
-        std::string load_vec_a_unaligned = "1";
         // For aligned matmul loads
         std::string load_vec_a = coopmat2 ? "1" : "4";
 
         // scalar path promotes to float
         std::string to_float_type = (coopmat || coopmat2) ? "uintBitsToBFloat16EXT" : "bf16_to_fp32";
 
+        const std::map<std::string, std::string> float_type_dict_bf16 = {
+            {"FLOAT_TYPE",      FLOAT_TYPE(1, "bf16")},
+            {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", FLOAT_TYPE(2, "bf16")},
+            {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4", FLOAT_TYPE(4, "bf16")},
+        };
+
         // If bfloat16 is not supported, then only compile the scalar (promote to fp32) shader
 #if !defined(GGML_VULKAN_BFLOAT16_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
         if (!(coopmat || coopmat2))
 #endif
         {
-            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_bf16_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE("bf16")}, {"TO_FLOAT_TYPE", to_float_type}, {"DATA_A_BF16", "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a},           {"LOAD_VEC_B", "4"}, {"B_TYPE", coopmat2 ? "bfloat16_t" : "u16vec4"},   {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
-            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_bf16",         source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE("bf16")}, {"TO_FLOAT_TYPE", to_float_type}, {"DATA_A_BF16", "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned},                      {"B_TYPE", coopmat2 ? "bfloat16_t" : "uint16_t"},                          {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}}),                   fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_bf16",         source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict_bf16), {{"TO_FLOAT_TYPE", to_float_type}, {"DATA_A_BF16", "1"},                             {"B_TYPE", coopmat2 ? "bfloat16_t" : "uint16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}, {"DATA_B_BF16", "1"}}),                   fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_bf16_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict_bf16), {{"TO_FLOAT_TYPE", to_float_type}, {"DATA_A_BF16", "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a}, {"LOAD_VEC_B", "4"}, {"B_TYPE", coopmat2 ? "bfloat16_t" : "u16vec4"},  {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}, {"DATA_B_BF16", "1"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
         }
     }
 
     for (const auto& tname : type_names) {
         std::string load_vec_quant = "2";
-        if ((tname == "q4_0") || (tname == "q4_1"))
+        if ((tname == "q4_0") || (tname == "q4_1") || (tname == "q5_1") || (tname == "iq1_s") || (tname == "iq1_m") || (tname == "iq2_xxs") || (tname == "iq2_xs") || (tname == "iq2_s"))
             load_vec_quant = "8";
-        else if ((tname == "q5_0") || (tname == "q5_1") || (tname == "q8_0") || (tname == "iq4_nl"))
+        else if ((tname == "q5_0") || (tname == "q8_0") || (tname == "q2_k") || (tname == "q4_k") || (tname == "q5_k") || (tname == "iq3_xxs") || (tname == "iq3_s") || (tname == "iq4_nl") || (tname == "mxfp4"))
             load_vec_quant = "4";
 
         if (tname == "bf16") {
@@ -375,94 +567,116 @@ void matmul_shaders(bool fp16, bool matmul_id, bool coopmat, bool coopmat2, bool
         // For aligned matmul loads
         std::string load_vec_a = (coopmat2 || tname == "f32" || tname == "f16" || tname == "bf16") ? load_vec : load_vec_quant;
 
+        const std::map<std::string, std::string> float_type_dict = {
+            {"FLOAT_TYPE",      FLOAT_TYPE(1, tname)},
+            {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", FLOAT_TYPE(2, tname)},
+            {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC4", FLOAT_TYPE(4, tname)},
+            {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC8", FLOAT_TYPE(8, tname)},
+        };
+
         // don't generate f32 variants for coopmat2
         if (!coopmat2) {
-            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32",         source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE(tname)}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned},                           {"B_TYPE", "float"},            {"D_TYPE", "float"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
-            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE(tname)}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a},           {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f32}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32",         source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict), {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned},                           {"B_TYPE", "float"},            {"D_TYPE", "float"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict), {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a},           {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f32}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
         }
 
         if (tname != "f16" && tname != "f32") {
-            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f16",         source_name,  merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE(tname)}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned},                           {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"},        {"D_TYPE", "float"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
-            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f16_aligned", source_name,  merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE(tname)}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a},           {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f16}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f16",         source_name,  merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict), {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned},                           {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"},        {"D_TYPE", "float"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f16_aligned", source_name,  merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict), {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a},           {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f16}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
         }
 
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
-        if (!coopmat && !coopmat2 && !matmul_id && (tname == "q4_0" || tname == "q4_1" || tname == "q5_0" || tname == "q5_1" || tname == "q8_0")) {
-            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_q8_1", "mul_mmq.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", FLOAT_TYPE(tname)}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"},}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+        // Integer dot mmq performs better with f32 accumulators
+        if (!f16acc && !coopmat && !coopmat2 && (is_legacy_quant(tname) || is_k_quant(tname) || tname == "mxfp4")) {
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_q8_1", "mul_mmq.comp", merge_maps(merge_maps(base_dict, float_type_dict), {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"},}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
         }
 #endif
     }
 }
 
 void process_shaders() {
-    std::cout << "ggml_vulkan: Generating and compiling shaders to SPIR-V" << std::endl;
-    std::map<std::string, std::string> base_dict = {{"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}};
-
     // matmul
-    for (const auto& matmul_id : {false, true}) {
+    for (const MatMulIdType& matmul_id_type : {MatMulIdType::NONE, MatMulIdType::DEFAULT, MatMulIdType::SUBGROUP}) {
         // No coopmats
         // fp32
-        matmul_shaders(false, matmul_id, false, false, false);
+        matmul_shaders(false, matmul_id_type, false, false, false);
 
         // fp16, fp32acc and fp16acc
-        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, false, false, false);
-        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, false, false, true);
+        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id_type, false, false, false);
+        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id_type, false, false, true);
 
+        if (matmul_id_type != MatMulIdType::DEFAULT) {
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
-        // Coopmat, fp32acc and fp16acc
-        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, true, false, false);
-        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, true, false, true);
+            // Coopmat, fp32acc and fp16acc
+            matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id_type, true, false, false);
+            matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id_type, true, false, true);
 #endif
 
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
-        // Coopmat2, fp32acc and fp16acc
-        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, false, true, false);
-        matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id, false, true, true);
+            // Coopmat2, fp32acc and fp16acc
+            matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id_type, false, true, false);
+            matmul_shaders(true, matmul_id_type, false, true, true);
 #endif
+        }
     }
 
-    // flash attention
-    for (const auto& f16acc : {false, true}) {
-        std::string acctype = f16acc ? "float16_t" : "float";
-        std::string acctypev4 = f16acc ? "f16vec4" : "vec4";
+    for (const bool& fp16 : {false, true}) {
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> base_dict;
+        if (fp16) {
+            base_dict = {{"FLOAT_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"FLOAT_TYPEV4", "f16vec4"}, {"FLOAT16", "1"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_MAX", "float16_t(65504.0)"}};
+        } else {
+            base_dict = {{"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPEV4", "vec4"}};
+        }
 
-        for (const auto& tname : type_names) {
-            if (tname == "f32") {
-                continue;
+        // flash attention
+        for (const bool& f16acc : {false, true}) {
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> fa_base_dict = base_dict;
+            fa_base_dict["ACC_TYPE"] = fp16 && f16acc ? "float16_t" : "float";
+            fa_base_dict["ACC_TYPEV4"] = fp16 && f16acc ? "f16vec4" : "vec4";
+            if (fp16 && f16acc) {
+                fa_base_dict["ACC_TYPE_MAX"] = "float16_t(65504.0)";
             }
-            if (tname == "bf16") continue;
 
+            for (const auto& tname : type_names) {
+                if (tname == "bf16") continue;
+
+                if (fp16) {
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
-            if (tname == "f16") {
-                string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm2.comp",
-                    merge_maps(base_dict, {{"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ACC_TYPE", acctype}}), true, false, true, f16acc);
-            } else {
-                std::string data_a_key = "DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(tname);
-                string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm2.comp",
-                    merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ACC_TYPE", acctype}, {"DEQUANTFUNC", "dequantFunc"+to_uppercase(tname) }, {"BLOCK_SIZE", "QUANT_K_"+to_uppercase(tname) }}), true, false, true, f16acc);
-            }
+                if (tname == "f16") {
+                    string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm2.comp",
+                        merge_maps(fa_base_dict, {{"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPEV4", "vec4"}}), fp16, false, true, f16acc);
+                } else {
+                    std::string data_a_key = "DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(tname);
+                    string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm2.comp",
+                        merge_maps(fa_base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPEV4", "vec4"}, {"DEQUANTFUNC", "dequantFunc"+to_uppercase(tname) }, {"BLOCK_SIZE", "QUANT_K_"+to_uppercase(tname) }}), fp16, false, true, f16acc);
+                }
 #endif
 #if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
-            if (tname == "f16") {
-                string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm1.comp",
-                    merge_maps(base_dict, {{"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ACC_TYPE", acctype}, {"ACC_TYPEV4", acctypev4}, {"COOPMAT", "1"}}), true, true, false, f16acc);
-            } else if (tname == "q4_0" || tname == "q8_0") {
-                std::string data_a_key = "DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(tname);
-                string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm1.comp",
-                    merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ACC_TYPE", acctype}, {"ACC_TYPEV4", acctypev4}, {"BLOCK_SIZE", "QUANT_K_"+to_uppercase(tname)}, {"COOPMAT", "1"}}), true, true, false, f16acc);
-            }
+                if (tname == "f16") {
+                    string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm1.comp",
+                        merge_maps(fa_base_dict, {{"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPEV4", "vec4"}, {"COOPMAT", "1"}}), fp16, true, false, f16acc);
+                } else if (tname == "q4_0" || tname == "q8_0" || tname == "f32") {
+                    std::string data_a_key = "DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(tname);
+                    string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn_cm1.comp",
+                        merge_maps(fa_base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPEV4", "vec4"}, {"BLOCK_SIZE", "QUANT_K_"+to_uppercase(tname)}, {"COOPMAT", "1"}}), fp16, true, false, f16acc);
+                }
 #endif
-            if (tname == "f16") {
-                string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn.comp",
-                    merge_maps(base_dict, {{"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ACC_TYPE", acctype}}), true, false, false, f16acc);
-            } else if (tname == "q4_0" || tname == "q8_0") {
-                std::string data_a_key = "DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(tname);
-                string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn.comp",
-                    merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ACC_TYPE", acctype}, {"BLOCK_SIZE", "QUANT_K_"+to_uppercase(tname) }}), true, false, false, f16acc);
+                }
+
+                if (tname == "f16") {
+                    string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn.comp",
+                        merge_maps(fa_base_dict, {{"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPEV4", "vec4"}}), fp16, false, false, f16acc);
+                } else if (tname == "q4_0" || tname == "q8_0" || tname == "f32") {
+                    std::string data_a_key = "DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(tname);
+                    string_to_spv("flash_attn_f32_f16_" + tname, "flash_attn.comp",
+                        merge_maps(fa_base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"Q_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPEV4", "vec4"}, {"BLOCK_SIZE", "QUANT_K_"+to_uppercase(tname) }}), fp16, false, false, f16acc);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> base_dict = {{"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}};
+
     for (const auto& tname : type_names) {
         // mul mat vec
         std::string data_a_key = "DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(tname);
@@ -471,25 +685,46 @@ void process_shaders() {
         string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_f32_f32", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
         string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_f16_f32", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "f16vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "f16vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
 
-        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_id_" + tname + "_f32", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"MUL_MAT_ID", "1"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_f32_f32_subgroup", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD", "1"}}));
+        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_f16_f32_subgroup", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "f16vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "f16vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD", "1"}}));
+
+        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_f32_f32_subgroup_no_shmem", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD_NO_SHMEM", "1"}}));
+        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_f16_f32_subgroup_no_shmem", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "f16vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "f16vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD_NO_SHMEM", "1"}}));
+
+        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_id_" + tname + "_f32_f32", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"MUL_MAT_ID", "1"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_id_" + tname + "_f32_f32_subgroup", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"MUL_MAT_ID", "1"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD", "1"}}));
+        string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_id_" + tname + "_f32_f32_subgroup_no_shmem", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"MUL_MAT_ID", "1"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD_NO_SHMEM", "1"}}));
+
+        // mul mat vec with integer dot product
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+        if (is_legacy_quant(tname) || tname == "mxfp4" || is_k_quant(tname) || tname == "iq1_s" || tname == "iq1_m") {
+            string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_q8_1_f32", "mul_mat_vecq.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"ACC_TYPE", "float"}}));
+            string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_q8_1_f32_subgroup", "mul_mat_vecq.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"ACC_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD", "1"}}));
+            string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_" + tname + "_q8_1_f32_subgroup_no_shmem", "mul_mat_vecq.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"ACC_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD_NO_SHMEM", "1"}}));
+
+            string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_id_" + tname + "_q8_1_f32", "mul_mat_vecq.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"MUL_MAT_ID", "1"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"ACC_TYPE", "float"}}));
+            string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_id_" + tname + "_q8_1_f32_subgroup", "mul_mat_vecq.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"MUL_MAT_ID", "1"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"ACC_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD", "1"}}));
+            string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_id_" + tname + "_q8_1_f32_subgroup_no_shmem", "mul_mat_vecq.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"MUL_MAT_ID", "1"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE_VEC2", "vec2"}, {"ACC_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD_NO_SHMEM", "1"}}));
+        }
+#endif
 
         // Dequant shaders
         if (tname != "f16" && tname != "bf16") {
             string_to_spv("dequant_" + tname, "dequant_" + tname + ".comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}}));
         }
 
-        if (!string_ends_with(tname, "_k")) {
-            shader = (tname == "f32" || tname == "f16" || tname == "bf16") ? "get_rows.comp" : "get_rows_quant.comp";
+        shader = (tname == "f32" || tname == "f16" || tname == "bf16") ? "get_rows.comp" : "get_rows_quant.comp";
 
-            if (tname == "f16") {
-                string_to_spv("get_rows_" + tname, shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"OPTIMIZATION_ERROR_WORKAROUND", "1"}}));
-            } else {
-                string_to_spv("get_rows_" + tname, shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}}));
-            }
-            string_to_spv("get_rows_" + tname + "_f32", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+        if (tname == "f16") {
+            string_to_spv("get_rows_" + tname, shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"TEMP_TYPE", "FLOAT_TYPE"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"OPTIMIZATION_ERROR_WORKAROUND", "1"}}));
+        } else {
+            string_to_spv("get_rows_" + tname, shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"TEMP_TYPE", "FLOAT_TYPE"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}}));
         }
+        string_to_spv("get_rows_" + tname + "_f32", shader, merge_maps(base_dict, {{"TEMP_TYPE", "FLOAT_TYPE"}, {data_a_key, "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
     }
 
+    string_to_spv("get_rows_i32", "get_rows.comp", {{"TEMP_TYPE", "uint"}, {"A_TYPE", "uint"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "uint"}});
+
     string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32_subgroup_add", "mul_mat_vec_p021.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"A_TYPE_VEC4", "f16vec4"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD", "1"}});
     string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_p021_f16_f32",              "mul_mat_vec_p021.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"A_TYPE_VEC4", "f16vec4"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("mul_mat_vec_nc_f16_f32", "mul_mat_vec_nc.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"A_TYPE_VEC4", "f16vec4"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE_VEC4", "vec4"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
@@ -497,7 +732,10 @@ void process_shaders() {
     // Norms
     string_to_spv("norm_f32", "norm.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
     string_to_spv("group_norm_f32", "group_norm.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
-    string_to_spv("rms_norm_f32", "rms_norm.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("rms_norm_f32", "rms_norm.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("rms_norm_partials_f32", "rms_norm_partials.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f32", "rms_norm.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float"}, {"RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION", "1"}}));
+    string_to_spv("rms_norm_mul_rope_f32_f16_rte", "rms_norm.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RMS_NORM_ROPE_FUSION", "1"}, {"RTE16", "1"}}));
     string_to_spv("rms_norm_back_f32", "rms_norm_back.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
     string_to_spv("l2_norm_f32", "l2_norm.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
 
@@ -507,10 +745,17 @@ void process_shaders() {
     string_to_spv("cpy_f16_f32", "copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"OPTIMIZATION_ERROR_WORKAROUND", "1"}});
     string_to_spv("cpy_f32_bf16","copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "uint16_t"}, {"DATA_D_BF16", "1"}});
     string_to_spv("contig_cpy_f32_f32", "contig_copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("contig_cpy_f32_i32", "contig_copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "int"}});
+    string_to_spv("contig_cpy_i32_f32", "contig_copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("contig_cpy_f32_f16", "contig_copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("contig_cpy_f16_f16", "contig_copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"OPTIMIZATION_ERROR_WORKAROUND", "1"}});
     string_to_spv("contig_cpy_f16_f32", "contig_copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"OPTIMIZATION_ERROR_WORKAROUND", "1"}});
     string_to_spv("contig_cpy_f32_bf16","contig_copy.comp",{{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "uint16_t"}, {"DATA_D_BF16", "1"}});
+    string_to_spv("cpy_f32_i32", "copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "int"}});
+    string_to_spv("cpy_i32_f32", "copy.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("cpy_transpose_16", "copy_transpose.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "uint16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "uint16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("cpy_transpose_32", "copy_transpose.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "uint"}, {"D_TYPE", "uint"}});
 
     for (std::string t : {"q4_0", "q4_1", "q5_0", "q5_1", "q8_0", "iq4_nl"}) {
         string_to_spv("cpy_f32_" + t, "copy_to_quant.comp", {{"DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(t), "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
@@ -518,6 +763,13 @@ void process_shaders() {
         string_to_spv("cpy_" + t + "_f32", "copy_from_quant.comp", {{"DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(t), "1"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
     }
 
+    for (std::string t : {"f32", "f16", "bf16", "q4_0", "q4_1", "q5_0", "q5_1", "q8_0", "iq4_nl"}) {
+        string_to_spv("set_rows_" + t + "_i32",     "copy_to_quant.comp", {{"SET_ROWS", "1"}, {"DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(t), "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "uint"}, {"B_SIZE", "32"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+        string_to_spv("set_rows_" + t + "_i32_rte", "copy_to_quant.comp", {{"SET_ROWS", "1"}, {"DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(t), "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "uint"}, {"B_SIZE", "32"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+        string_to_spv("set_rows_" + t + "_i64",     "copy_to_quant.comp", {{"SET_ROWS", "1"}, {"DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(t), "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "uvec2"}, {"B_SIZE", "64"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+        string_to_spv("set_rows_" + t + "_i64_rte", "copy_to_quant.comp", {{"SET_ROWS", "1"}, {"DATA_A_" + to_uppercase(t), "1"}, {"B_TYPE", "uvec2"}, {"B_SIZE", "64"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+    }
+
     auto get_type_str = [](bool f16) {
         return f16 ? "float16_t" : "float";
     };
@@ -528,12 +780,16 @@ void process_shaders() {
         s += std::string(dst_f16 ? "_f16" : "_f32");
         return s;
     };
-    for (std::string op : {"add", "sub", "mul", "div"}) {
+    for (std::string op : {"add", "sub", "mul", "div", "add_rms", }) {
     for (auto src0_f16 : {false, true}) {
     for (auto src1_f16 : {false, true}) {
     for (auto dst_f16  : {false, true}) {
-        auto name = op + get_suffix(src0_f16, src1_f16, dst_f16);
-        string_to_spv(name.c_str(), op + ".comp", {{"A_TYPE", get_type_str(src0_f16)}, {"B_TYPE", get_type_str(src1_f16)}, {"D_TYPE", get_type_str(dst_f16)}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+    for (auto rte      : {false, true}) {
+        auto source = op == "add_rms" ? std::string("add") : op;
+        auto name = op + get_suffix(src0_f16, src1_f16, dst_f16) + (rte ? "_rte" : "");
+        auto add_rms = op == "add_rms" ? "1" : "0";
+        string_to_spv(name.c_str(), source + ".comp", {{"A_TYPE", get_type_str(src0_f16)}, {"B_TYPE", get_type_str(src1_f16)}, {"D_TYPE", get_type_str(dst_f16)}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}, {"ADD_RMS" , add_rms}});
+    }
     }
     }
     }
@@ -545,7 +801,14 @@ void process_shaders() {
 
     string_to_spv("split_k_reduce", "mul_mat_split_k_reduce.comp", {});
     string_to_spv("fa_split_k_reduce", "flash_attn_split_k_reduce.comp", {});
+
+    string_to_spv("fa_mask_opt", "flash_attn_mask_opt.comp", {});
+
     string_to_spv("quantize_q8_1", "quantize_q8_1.comp", {});
+    string_to_spv("quantize_q8_1_subgroup", "quantize_q8_1.comp", {{"USE_SUBGROUPS", "1"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("quantize_q8_1_x4", "quantize_q8_1.comp", {{"QBLOCK_X4", "1"}});
+    string_to_spv("quantize_q8_1_x4_subgroup", "quantize_q8_1.comp", {{"QBLOCK_X4", "1"}, {"USE_SUBGROUPS", "1"}});
 
     string_to_spv("mul_f32", "mul.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
 
@@ -558,6 +821,8 @@ void process_shaders() {
 
     string_to_spv("sqr_f32", "square.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
 
+    string_to_spv("sqrt_f32", "sqrt.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+
     string_to_spv("sin_f32", "sin.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
 
     string_to_spv("cos_f32", "cos.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
@@ -572,18 +837,82 @@ void process_shaders() {
 
     string_to_spv("upscale_f32", "upscale.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
 
+    for (auto rte : {false, true}) {
+        std::string suffix = rte ? "_rte" : "";
+        string_to_spv("exp_f16" + suffix,        "exp.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("exp_f32" + suffix,        "exp.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}    ,   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+
+        string_to_spv("log_f16" + suffix,        "log.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("log_f32" + suffix,        "log.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+    }
     string_to_spv("gelu_f16",       "gelu.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("gelu_f32",       "gelu.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("gelu_erf_f16",   "gelu_erf.comp",    {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("gelu_erf_f32",   "gelu_erf.comp",    {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("gelu_quick_f16", "gelu_quick.comp",  {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("gelu_quick_f32", "gelu_quick.comp",  {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("silu_f16",       "silu.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("silu_f32",       "silu.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("relu_f16",       "relu.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("relu_f32",       "relu.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("neg_f16",        "neg.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("neg_f32",        "neg.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("tanh_f16",       "tanh.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("tanh_f32",       "tanh.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("sigmoid_f16",    "sigmoid.comp",     {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("sigmoid_f32",    "sigmoid.comp",     {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("hardsigmoid_f16","hardsigmoid.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("hardsigmoid_f32","hardsigmoid.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("hardswish_f16",  "hardswish.comp",   {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("hardswish_f32",  "hardswish.comp",   {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("abs_f16",        "abs.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("abs_f32",        "abs.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("elu_f16",        "elu.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("elu_f32",        "elu.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("xielu_f16",      "xielu.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("xielu_f32",      "xielu.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("sgn_f16",        "sgn.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("sgn_f32",        "sgn.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("tri_f16",        "tri.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("tri_f32",        "tri.comp",         {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("diag_f16",       "diag.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("diag_f32",       "diag.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("softplus_f16",   "softplus.comp",    {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("softplus_f32",   "softplus.comp",    {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("add1_f16_f16",   "add1.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("add1_f16_f32",   "add1.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("add1_f32_f32",   "add1.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("arange_f32",     "arange.comp",      {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("fill_f32",       "fill.comp",        {{"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("step_f16",       "step.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("step_f32",       "step.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("round_f16",      "round.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("round_f32",      "round.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("ceil_f16",       "ceil.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("ceil_f32",       "ceil.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("floor_f16",      "floor.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("floor_f32",      "floor.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("trunc_f16",      "trunc.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("trunc_f32",      "trunc.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
+
+    for (auto rte : {false, true}) {
+        std::string suffix = rte ? "_rte" : "";
+        string_to_spv("geglu_f16" + suffix,      "geglu.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("geglu_f32" + suffix,      "geglu.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("reglu_f16" + suffix,      "reglu.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("reglu_f32" + suffix,      "reglu.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("swiglu_f16" + suffix,     "swiglu.comp",      {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("swiglu_f32" + suffix,     "swiglu.comp",      {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("swiglu_oai_f16" + suffix, "swiglu_oai.comp",  {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("swiglu_oai_f32" + suffix, "swiglu_oai.comp",  {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("geglu_erf_f16" + suffix,  "geglu_erf.comp",   {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("geglu_erf_f32" + suffix,  "geglu_erf.comp",   {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("geglu_quick_f16" + suffix,"geglu_quick.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+        string_to_spv("geglu_quick_f32" + suffix,"geglu_quick.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"RTE16", rte ? "1" : "0"}});
+    }
 
     string_to_spv("leaky_relu_f32", "leaky_relu.comp",  {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("silu_back_f32",  "silu_back.comp",   {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
@@ -594,31 +923,59 @@ void process_shaders() {
     string_to_spv("soft_max_f32_f16", "soft_max.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
     string_to_spv("soft_max_back_f32", "soft_max_back.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
 
-    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f32", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f16", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f16_rte", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
-
-    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f32", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f16", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f16_rte", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
-
-    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f32", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f16", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f16_rte", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
-
-    string_to_spv("rope_vision_f32", "rope_vision.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_vision_f16", "rope_vision.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
-    string_to_spv("rope_vision_f16_rte", "rope_vision.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+    string_to_spv("soft_max_large1_f32", "soft_max_large1.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("soft_max_large2_f32", "soft_max_large2.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("soft_max_large3_f32", "soft_max_large3.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("soft_max_large1_f32_f16", "soft_max_large1.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("soft_max_large2_f32_f16", "soft_max_large2.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("soft_max_large3_f32_f16", "soft_max_large3.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+
+    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f32", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f16", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f16_rte", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f32_f16", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_norm_f32_f16_rte", "rope_norm.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f32", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f16", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f16_rte", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f32_f16", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_neox_f32_f16_rte", "rope_neox.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f32", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f16", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f16_rte", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f32_f16", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_multi_f32_f16_rte", "rope_multi.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("rope_vision_f32", "rope_vision.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_vision_f16", "rope_vision.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
+    string_to_spv("rope_vision_f16_rte", "rope_vision.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"ROPE_D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}});
 
     string_to_spv("argsort_f32", "argsort.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("argsort_large_f32", "argsort_large.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("topk_argsort_f32", "topk_argsort.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("topk_nary_search_f32", "topk_nary_search.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}});
 
     string_to_spv("argmax_f32", "argmax.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "int"}}));
     string_to_spv("sum_rows_f32", "sum_rows.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
     string_to_spv("count_equal_i32", "count_equal.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "int"}, {"B_TYPE", "int"}, {"D_TYPE", "int"}}));
-
-    string_to_spv("im2col_f32", "im2col.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
-    string_to_spv("im2col_f32_f16", "im2col.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}}));
-    string_to_spv("im2col_f32_f16_rte", "im2col.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"RTE16", "1"}}));
+    string_to_spv("cumsum_f32", "cumsum.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("cumsum_multipass1_f32", "cumsum_multipass1.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("cumsum_multipass2_f32", "cumsum_multipass2.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+
+    string_to_spv("count_experts", "count_experts.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "uint"}, {"D_TYPE", "uint"}}));
+
+    for (std::string dim_str : {"", "_3d"}) {
+        for (bool bda : {false, true}) {
+            std::string bda_str = bda ? "_bda" : "";
+            std::string bda_def = bda ? "1" : "0";
+            string_to_spv("im2col" + dim_str + "_f32" + bda_str, "im2col" + dim_str + ".comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_SIZE", "4"}, {"BDA", bda_def}}));
+            string_to_spv("im2col" + dim_str + "_f32_f16" + bda_str, "im2col" + dim_str + ".comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_SIZE", "2"}, {"BDA", bda_def}}));
+            string_to_spv("im2col" + dim_str + "_f32_f16_rte" + bda_str, "im2col" + dim_str + ".comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"D_SIZE", "2"}, {"RTE16", "1"}, {"BDA", bda_def}}));
+        }
+    }
 
     string_to_spv("timestep_embedding_f32", "timestep_embedding.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
 
@@ -630,10 +987,52 @@ void process_shaders() {
 
     string_to_spv("rwkv_wkv7_f32", "wkv7.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}}));
 
+    string_to_spv("gated_delta_net_f32", "gated_delta_net.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}}));
+
     string_to_spv("opt_step_adamw_f32", "opt_step_adamw.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}}));
+    string_to_spv("opt_step_sgd_f32", "opt_step_sgd.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}}));
+
+    string_to_spv("solve_tri_f32", "solve_tri.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+
+    for (auto transpose : {false, true}) {
+        for (auto unroll : {false, true}) {
+            for (auto a_f16 : {false, true}) {
+                std::map<std::string, std::string> defines = {
+                    {"A_TYPE", a_f16 ? "float16_t" : "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"},
+                    {"USE_COLLECTIVES", "1"}, {"UNROLL", unroll ? "[[unroll]]" : ""},
+                };
+                if (transpose) defines["TRANSPOSE"] = "1";
+                std::string name = std::string(transpose ? "conv_transpose_2d": "conv2d")
+                    + (a_f16 ? "_f16" : "") + "_f32";
+                string_to_spv(name + (unroll ? "_unroll" : ""), "conv2d_mm.comp", defines);
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+                if (unroll) {
+                    defines["COOPMAT2"] = "1";
+                    string_to_spv(name, "conv2d_mm.comp", defines, true, false, true);
+                }
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     string_to_spv("conv2d_dw_whcn_f32", "conv2d_dw.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"WHCN", "1"}}));
     string_to_spv("conv2d_dw_cwhn_f32", "conv2d_dw.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"CWHN", "1"}}));
+    string_to_spv("conv2d_dw_whcn_f16_f32", "conv2d_dw.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"WHCN", "1"}}));
+    string_to_spv("conv2d_dw_cwhn_f16_f32", "conv2d_dw.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"CWHN", "1"}}));
+
+    string_to_spv("roll_f32", "roll.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+
+    string_to_spv("add_id_f32", "add_id.comp", merge_maps(base_dict, {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}}));
+
+    string_to_spv("multi_add_f32", "multi_add.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"RTE16", "1"}, {"ADD_RMS" , "0"}});
+    string_to_spv("multi_add_rms_f32", "multi_add.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}, {"RTE16", "1"}, {"ADD_RMS" , "1"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("ssm_scan_f32",          "ssm_scan.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("ssm_scan_subgroup_f32", "ssm_scan.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}, {"USE_SUBGROUP_ADD", "1"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("ssm_conv_f32", "ssm_conv.comp", {{"A_TYPE", "float"}});
+
+    string_to_spv("topk_moe_f32", "topk_moe.comp", {});
 
     for (auto &c : compiles) {
         c.wait();
@@ -641,11 +1040,11 @@ void process_shaders() {
 }
 
 void write_output_files() {
-    FILE* hdr = fopen(target_hpp.c_str(), "w");
-    FILE* src = fopen(target_cpp.c_str(), "w");
+    std::stringstream hdr = make_generic_stringstream();
+    std::stringstream src = make_generic_stringstream();
 
-    fprintf(hdr, "#include <cstdint>\n\n");
-    fprintf(src, "#include \"%s\"\n\n", basename(target_hpp).c_str());
+    hdr << "#include <cstdint>\n\n";
+    src << "#include \"" << basename(target_hpp) << "\"\n\n";
 
     std::sort(shader_fnames.begin(), shader_fnames.end());
     for (const auto& pair : shader_fnames) {
@@ -657,49 +1056,127 @@ void write_output_files() {
             const std::string& path = pair.second;
         #endif
 
-        FILE* spv = fopen(path.c_str(), "rb");
-        if (!spv) {
-            std::cerr << "Error opening SPIR-V file: " << path << " (" << strerror(errno) << ")\n";
-            continue;
+        hdr << "extern const uint64_t " << name << "_len;\n";
+        hdr << "extern const unsigned char " << name << "_data[];\n\n";
+
+        if (input_filepath != "") {
+            std::string data = read_binary_file(path);
+            if (data.empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            src << "const uint64_t " << name << "_len = " << data.size() << ";\n";
+            src << "const unsigned char " << name << "_data[" << data.size() << "] = {\n" << std::hex;
+            auto bytes = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data.data());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i) {
+                src << "0x" << static_cast<int>(bytes[i]) << ",";
+                if ((i + 1) % 12 == 0) src << "\n";
+            }
+            src << std::dec << "\n};\n\n";
         }
+    }
 
-        fseek(spv, 0, SEEK_END);
-        size_t size = ftell(spv);
-        fseek(spv, 0, SEEK_SET);
+    std::string suffixes[2] = {"_f32", "_f16"};
+    for (std::string op : {"add", "sub", "mul", "div", "add_rms"}) {
+        hdr << "extern const void * " << op << "_data[2][2][2][2];\n";
+        hdr << "extern const uint64_t " << op << "_len[2][2][2][2];\n";
 
-        std::vector<unsigned char> data(size);
-        size_t read_size = fread(data.data(), 1, size, spv);
-        fclose(spv);
-        if (read_size != size) {
-            std::cerr << "Error reading SPIR-V file: " << path << " (" << strerror(errno) << ")\n";
+        std::string op_file = op == "add_rms" ? "add.comp" : std::string(op) + ".comp";
+        if (basename(input_filepath) != op_file) {
             continue;
         }
+        std::stringstream data = make_generic_stringstream();
+        std::stringstream len  = make_generic_stringstream();
+        data << "const void * " << op << "_data[2][2][2][2] = ";
+        len  << "const uint64_t " << op << "_len[2][2][2][2] = ";
+        for (uint32_t t0 = 0; t0 < 2; ++t0) {
+            if (t0 == 0) {
+                data << "{";
+                len  << "{";
+            }
+            for (uint32_t t1 = 0; t1 < 2; ++t1) {
+                if (t1 == 0) {
+                    data << "{";
+                    len  << "{";
+                }
+                for (uint32_t t2 = 0; t2 < 2; ++t2) {
+                    if (t2 == 0) {
+                        data << "{";
+                        len  << "{";
+                    }
+                    for (uint32_t rte = 0; rte < 2; ++rte) {
+                        if (rte == 0) {
+                            data << "{";
+                            len  << "{";
+                        }
+                        data << op << suffixes[t0] << suffixes[t1] << suffixes[t2] << ((rte != 0) ? "_rte" : "");
+                        len  << op << suffixes[t0] << suffixes[t1] << suffixes[t2] << ((rte != 0) ? "_rte" : "");
+                        data << "_data,";
+                        len  << "_len,";
+                        if (rte == 1) {
+                            data << "}, ";
+                            len  << "}, ";
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (t2 == 1) {
+                        data << "}, ";
+                        len  << "}, ";
+                    }
+                }
+                if (t1 == 1) {
+                    data << "}, ";
+                    len  << "}, ";
+                }
+            }
+            if (t0 == 1) {
+                data << "};\n";
+                len  << "};\n";
+            }
+        }
+        src << data.str();
+        src << len.str();
+    }
 
-        fprintf(hdr, "extern unsigned char %s_data[%zu];\n", name.c_str(), size);
-        fprintf(hdr, "const uint64_t %s_len = %zu;\n\n", name.c_str(), size);
+    std::vector<std::string> btypes = {"f16", "f32"};
+
+#if defined(GGML_VULKAN_INTEGER_DOT_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
+    btypes.push_back("q8_1");
+#endif
 
-        fprintf(src, "unsigned char %s_data[%zu] = {\n", name.c_str(), size);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-            fprintf(src, "0x%02x,", data[i]);
-            if ((i + 1) % 12 == 0) fprintf(src, "\n");
+    for (const std::string& btype : btypes) {
+    for (const auto& tname : type_names) {
+        if (btype == "q8_1" && !is_legacy_quant(tname) && tname != "mxfp4" && !is_k_quant(tname) && tname != "iq1_s" && tname != "iq1_m") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        hdr << "extern const void * arr_dmmv_"   << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_data[3];\n";
+        hdr << "extern const uint64_t arr_dmmv_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_len[3];\n";
+        if (basename(input_filepath) == "mul_mat_vec.comp") {
+            src << "const void * arr_dmmv_"   << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_data[3] = {mul_mat_vec_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_data, mul_mat_vec_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_data, mul_mat_vec_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_no_shmem_data};\n";
+            src << "const uint64_t arr_dmmv_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_len[3] =  {mul_mat_vec_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_len, mul_mat_vec_"  << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_no_shmem_len};\n";
         }
-        fprintf(src, "\n};\n\n");
 
-        if (!no_clean) {
-            std::remove(path.c_str());
+        if (btype == "f16") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        hdr << "extern const void * arr_dmmv_id_"   << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_data[3];\n";
+        hdr << "extern const uint64_t arr_dmmv_id_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_len[3];\n";
+        if (basename(input_filepath) == "mul_mat_vec.comp") {
+            src << "const void * arr_dmmv_id_"   << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_data[3] = {mul_mat_vec_id_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_data, mul_mat_vec_id_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_data, mul_mat_vec_id_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_no_shmem_data};\n";
+            src << "const uint64_t arr_dmmv_id_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_len[3] =  {mul_mat_vec_id_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_" << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_len, mul_mat_vec_id_"  << tname << "_" << btype << "_f32_subgroup_no_shmem_len};\n";
         }
     }
-    for (const char *op : {"add", "sub", "mul", "div"}) {
-        fprintf(hdr, "extern unsigned char *%s_data[2][2][2];\n", op);
-        fprintf(hdr, "extern uint64_t %s_len[2][2][2];\n", op);
-        fprintf(src, "unsigned char *%s_data[2][2][2] = {{{%s_f32_f32_f32_data, %s_f32_f32_f16_data}, {%s_f32_f16_f32_data, %s_f32_f16_f16_data}}, {{%s_f16_f32_f32_data, %s_f16_f32_f16_data}, {%s_f16_f16_f32_data, %s_f16_f16_f16_data}}};\n", op, op, op, op, op, op, op, op, op);
-        fprintf(src, "uint64_t %s_len[2][2][2] = {{{%s_f32_f32_f32_len, %s_f32_f32_f16_len}, {%s_f32_f16_f32_len, %s_f32_f16_f16_len}}, {{%s_f16_f32_f32_len, %s_f16_f32_f16_len}, {%s_f16_f16_f32_len, %s_f16_f16_f16_len}}};\n", op, op, op, op, op, op, op, op, op);
     }
-    fclose(hdr);
-    fclose(src);
-}
+
+    if (input_filepath == "") {
+        write_file_if_changed(target_hpp, hdr.str());
+    }
+    if (target_cpp != "") {
+        write_binary_file(target_cpp, src.str());
+    }
 }
 
+} // namespace
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     std::map<std::string, std::string> args;
     for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
@@ -717,8 +1194,8 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (args.find("--glslc") != args.end()) {
         GLSLC = args["--glslc"]; // Path to glslc
     }
-    if (args.find("--input-dir") != args.end()) {
-        input_dir = args["--input-dir"]; // Directory containing shader sources
+    if (args.find("--source") != args.end()) {
+        input_filepath = args["--source"]; // The shader source file to compile
     }
     if (args.find("--output-dir") != args.end()) {
         output_dir = args["--output-dir"]; // Directory for containing SPIR-V output
@@ -729,14 +1206,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (args.find("--target-cpp") != args.end()) {
         target_cpp = args["--target-cpp"]; // Path to generated cpp file
     }
-    if (args.find("--no-clean") != args.end()) {
-        no_clean = true; // Keep temporary SPIR-V files in output-dir after build
-    }
-
-    if (!directory_exists(input_dir)) {
-        std::cerr << "\"" << input_dir << "\" must be a valid directory containing shader sources" << std::endl;
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
 
     if (!directory_exists(output_dir)) {
         if (!create_directory(output_dir)) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/xielu.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/xielu.comp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..35d463bfe44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/xielu.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "generic_head.glsl"
+#include "types.glsl"
+
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : enable
+
+layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
+
+void main() {
+    const uint i = gl_GlobalInvocationID.z * 262144 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * 512 + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+
+    if (i >= p.KX) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float x = float(data_a[i]);
+
+    float alpha_n = p.param1;
+    float alpha_p = p.param2;
+    float beta = p.param3;
+    float eps = p.param4;
+
+    if (x > 0.0f) {
+        x = alpha_p * x * x + beta * x;
+    } else {
+        const float min_x_eps = min(x, eps);
+        x = (exp(min_x_eps) - 1 - x) * alpha_n + beta * x;
+    }
+
+    data_d[i] = D_TYPE(x);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ccce58aa39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+find_package(Python3 REQUIRED)
+
+# Shader locations
+set(SHADER_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/wgsl-shaders")
+set(SHADER_OUTPUT_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/generated")
+set(SHADER_HEADER "${SHADER_OUTPUT_DIR}/ggml-wgsl-shaders.hpp")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${SHADER_OUTPUT_DIR})
+
+message(STATUS "Shader output dir: ${SHADER_OUTPUT_DIR}")
+
+# Find all WGSL files
+file(GLOB WGSL_SHADER_FILES "${SHADER_DIR}/*.wgsl")
+
+# Generate the header using a Python script
+add_custom_command(
+    OUTPUT ${SHADER_HEADER}
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "Embedding WGSL shaders to ggml-wgsl-shaders.hpp"
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory ${SHADER_OUTPUT_DIR}
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E env PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8
+        ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/wgsl-shaders/embed_wgsl.py
+            --input_dir "${SHADER_DIR}"
+            --output_file "${SHADER_HEADER}"
+    DEPENDS ${WGSL_SHADER_FILES} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/wgsl-shaders/embed_wgsl.py
+    VERBATIM
+)
+
+add_custom_target(generate_shaders DEPENDS ${SHADER_HEADER})
+
+ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-webgpu
+    ggml-webgpu.cpp
+    ${SHADER_HEADER}
+    ../../include/ggml-webgpu.h
+)
+
+add_dependencies(ggml-webgpu generate_shaders)
+
+if(EMSCRIPTEN)
+    set(EMDAWNWEBGPU_DIR "" CACHE PATH "Path to emdawnwebgpu_pkg")
+
+    if(NOT EMDAWNWEBGPU_DIR)
+        # default built-in port
+        target_compile_options(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE "--use-port=emdawnwebgpu")
+        target_link_options(ggml-webgpu INTERFACE "--use-port=emdawnwebgpu")
+    else()
+        # custom port
+        target_compile_options(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE "--use-port=${EMDAWNWEBGPU_DIR}/emdawnwebgpu.port.py")
+        target_link_options(ggml-webgpu INTERFACE "--use-port=${EMDAWNWEBGPU_DIR}/emdawnwebgpu.port.py")
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_WEBGPU_JSPI)
+        target_compile_options(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE "-fwasm-exceptions")
+        target_link_options(ggml-webgpu INTERFACE "-sJSPI" "-fwasm-exceptions")
+    else()
+        target_compile_options(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE "-fexceptions")
+        target_link_options(ggml-webgpu INTERFACE "-sASYNCIFY" "-exceptions")
+    endif()
+else()
+    find_package(Dawn REQUIRED)
+    set(DawnWebGPU_TARGET dawn::webgpu_dawn)
+endif()
+
+if (GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG)
+    target_compile_definitions(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG=1)
+    if(EMSCRIPTEN)
+        target_link_options(ggml-webgpu INTERFACE "-sASSERTIONS=2")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+if (GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE)
+    target_compile_definitions(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE=1)
+endif()
+
+if (GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE)
+    target_compile_definitions(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE=1)
+endif()
+
+target_include_directories(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE ${SHADER_OUTPUT_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(ggml-webgpu PRIVATE ${DawnWebGPU_TARGET})
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/ggml-webgpu-shader-lib.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/ggml-webgpu-shader-lib.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d7e59fddf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/ggml-webgpu-shader-lib.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1374 @@
+#ifndef GGML_WEBGPU_SHADER_LIB_HPP
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_SHADER_LIB_HPP
+
+#include "ggml-wgsl-shaders.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "pre_wgsl.hpp"
+
+#include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_F16_SIZE_BYTES                   2
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_F32_SIZE_BYTES                   4
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_I32_SIZE_BYTES                   4
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_KV_SG_TILES 8u
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_WG_SIZE     128u
+// Matches GGML_PAD(..., 256) in src/llama-context.cpp for KV cache sizing.
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD                       256u
+
+#define GGML_WEBGPU_ARGSORT_MERGE_MAX_WG_SIZE 512u
+
+// Matrix multiplication parameters
+
+// Register tiling parameters
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_M    8
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_N    8
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_M 8
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_N 8
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_K    32
+
+// Subgroup matrix parameters
+// The number of subgroups in the M dimension
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_M        2
+// The number of subgroups in the N dimension
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_N        2
+// The number of subgroup matrices each subgroup accumulates over
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M 4
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N 2
+
+// Matrix-vector multiplication parameters
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_WG_SIZE 256
+
+// Must be multiple of 4 to work with vectorized paths, and must divide
+// mul_mat_vec wg size
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_OUTPUTS_PER_WG 64
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_TILE_K         256
+
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG 64
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_TILE_K         256
+
+// Requires 32 threads per output (wg_size/outputs_per_wg == 32)
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG 8
+// Requires at least two (and multiple of 2) k-quant blocks per tile
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_TILE_K         512
+
+// default size for legacy matrix multiplication
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE 256
+
+// Same hash combine function as in boost
+template <typename T> inline void ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(size_t & seed, const T & value) {
+    seed ^= std::hash<T>{}(value) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2);
+}
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context {
+    ggml_tensor * src0;
+    ggml_tensor * src1;
+    ggml_tensor * src2;
+    ggml_tensor * src3;
+    ggml_tensor * src4;
+    ggml_tensor * dst;
+
+    uint32_t max_wg_size;
+    size_t   wg_mem_limit_bytes       = 0;
+    bool     inplace                  = false;
+    bool     overlap                  = false;
+    bool     src_overlap              = false;
+    bool     supports_subgroup_matrix = false;
+    uint32_t sg_mat_m                 = 0;
+    uint32_t sg_mat_n                 = 0;
+    uint32_t sg_mat_k                 = 0;
+    uint32_t max_subgroup_size        = 0;
+};
+
+struct webgpu_pipeline {
+    wgpu::ComputePipeline pipeline;
+    std::string           name;
+    std::shared_ptr<void> context = nullptr;
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions {
+    uint32_t wg_size = 0;
+};
+
+/** Argsort **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_argsort_shader_lib_context {
+    uint32_t max_wg_size;
+    size_t   wg_mem_limit_bytes;
+    int32_t  order;
+};
+
+/** Set Rows **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_set_rows_pipeline_key {
+    int dst_type;
+    int vec4;
+    int i64_idx;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_set_rows_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return dst_type == other.dst_type && vec4 == other.vec4 && i64_idx == other.i64_idx;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_set_rows_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_set_rows_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.dst_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.vec4);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.i64_idx);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_set_rows_shader_decisions {
+    bool     vec4;
+    bool     i64_idx;
+    uint32_t wg_size;
+};
+
+/** Get Rows **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key {
+    ggml_type src_type;
+    int       vectorized;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return src_type == other.src_type && vectorized == other.vectorized;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.vectorized);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** Pad **/
+struct ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key {
+    bool circular;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key & other) const { return circular == other.circular; }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.circular);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** Scale **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key {
+    int inplace;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key & other) const { return inplace == other.inplace; }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.inplace);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** Concat **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_concat_pipeline_key {
+    int type;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_concat_pipeline_key & other) const { return type == other.type; }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_concat_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_concat_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.type);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** Repeat **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_repeat_pipeline_key {
+    int type;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_repeat_pipeline_key & other) const { return type == other.type; }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_repeat_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_repeat_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.type);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** Binary **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key {
+    int  type;
+    int  op;
+    bool inplace;
+    bool overlap;
+    bool src_overlap;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return type == other.type && op == other.op && inplace == other.inplace && overlap == other.overlap &&
+               src_overlap == other.src_overlap;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.op);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.inplace);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.overlap);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src_overlap);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** Unary **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key {
+    int  type;
+    int  op;
+    bool is_unary;  // many unary operators fall under the GGML_OP_UNARY umbrella
+    bool inplace;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return type == other.type && op == other.op && is_unary == other.is_unary && inplace == other.inplace;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.op);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.is_unary);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.inplace);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** FlashAttention */
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key {
+    ggml_type kv_type;
+    uint32_t  head_dim_qk;
+    uint32_t  head_dim_v;
+    bool      kv_direct;
+    bool      has_mask;
+    bool      has_sinks;
+    bool      uses_logit_softcap;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return kv_type == other.kv_type && head_dim_qk == other.head_dim_qk && head_dim_v == other.head_dim_v &&
+               kv_direct == other.kv_direct && has_mask == other.has_mask && has_sinks == other.has_sinks &&
+               uses_logit_softcap == other.uses_logit_softcap;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.kv_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.head_dim_qk);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.head_dim_v);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.kv_direct);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.has_mask);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.has_sinks);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.uses_logit_softcap);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_shader_lib_context {
+    ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key;
+    uint32_t                            sg_mat_m;
+    uint32_t                            sg_mat_n;
+    uint32_t                            sg_mat_k;
+    size_t                              wg_mem_limit_bytes;
+    uint32_t                            max_subgroup_size;
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_shader_decisions {
+    uint32_t q_tile  = 0;
+    uint32_t kv_tile = 0;
+    uint32_t wg_size = 0;
+};
+
+// This is exposed because it's necessary in supports_op
+inline size_t ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_wg_mem_bytes(uint32_t q_tile,
+                                                  uint32_t kv_tile,
+                                                  uint32_t head_dim_qk,
+                                                  uint32_t head_dim_v,
+                                                  bool     has_mask,
+                                                  bool     kv_direct) {
+    const uint32_t max_head_dim = std::max(head_dim_qk, head_dim_v);
+    size_t         f16_elems    = 0;
+    size_t         f32_elems    = 0;
+    f16_elems += q_tile * head_dim_qk;        // q_shmem
+    if (!kv_direct) {
+        f16_elems += kv_tile * max_head_dim;  // kv_shmem
+    }
+    f16_elems += q_tile * head_dim_v;         // o_shmem
+    if (has_mask) {
+        f16_elems += q_tile * kv_tile;        // mask_shmem
+    }
+    f16_elems += q_tile * kv_tile;            // inter_shmem
+    f32_elems += q_tile;                      // row_max_shmem
+    f32_elems += q_tile;                      // exp_sum_shmem
+    return f16_elems * GGML_WEBGPU_F16_SIZE_BYTES + f32_elems * GGML_WEBGPU_F32_SIZE_BYTES;
+}
+
+/** Matrix Multiplication **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_legacy_mul_mat_pipeline_key {
+    ggml_type src0_type;
+    ggml_type src1_type;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_legacy_mul_mat_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return src0_type == other.src0_type && src1_type == other.src1_type;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_legacy_mul_mat_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_legacy_mul_mat_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src0_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src1_type);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key {
+    ggml_type src0_type;
+    ggml_type src1_type;
+    int       vectorized;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return src0_type == other.src0_type && src1_type == other.src1_type && vectorized == other.vectorized;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src0_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src1_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.vectorized);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_shader_decisions {
+    uint32_t wg_size;
+    uint32_t tile_k;
+    uint32_t outputs_per_wg;
+    uint32_t vec_size;
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_pipeline_key {
+    ggml_type src0_type;
+    ggml_type src1_type;
+    int       vectorized;
+    int       use_subgroup_matrix;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return src0_type == other.src0_type && src1_type == other.src1_type && vectorized == other.vectorized &&
+               use_subgroup_matrix == other.use_subgroup_matrix;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src0_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src1_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.vectorized);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.use_subgroup_matrix);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_shader_decisions {
+    uint32_t tile_k;
+    uint32_t wg_size_m;
+    uint32_t wg_size_n;
+    uint32_t wg_size;
+    uint32_t outputs_per_wg;
+    int      use_subgroup_matrix;
+
+    uint32_t tile_m;
+    uint32_t tile_n;
+
+    // Subgroup matrix parameters
+    uint32_t subgroup_m;
+    uint32_t subgroup_n;
+    uint32_t subgroup_matrix_m;
+    uint32_t subgroup_matrix_n;
+
+    uint32_t mul_mat_wg_size;
+};
+
+class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
+    wgpu::Device           device;
+    pre_wgsl::Preprocessor preprocessor;
+
+    std::unordered_map<int, webgpu_pipeline> sum_rows_pipelines;       // key is fixed, no variants yet
+    std::unordered_map<int, webgpu_pipeline> argmax_pipelines;         // key is vec4
+    std::unordered_map<int, webgpu_pipeline> argsort_pipelines;        // key is order
+    std::unordered_map<int, webgpu_pipeline> argsort_merge_pipelines;  // key is order
+    std::unordered_map<int, webgpu_pipeline> cumsum_pipelines;         // key is fixed, no variants yet
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key_hash>
+        get_rows_pipelines;                                            // src_type, vectorized
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key_hash>
+        unary_pipelines;                                               // type/op/inplace
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key_hash>
+        scale_pipelines;                                               // inplace
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key_hash>
+        pad_pipelines;                                                 // circular/non-circular
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key_hash>
+        binary_pipelines;                                              // type/op/inplace/overlap
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_concat_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_concat_pipeline_key_hash>
+        concat_pipelines;                                              // type
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_repeat_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_repeat_pipeline_key_hash>
+        repeat_pipelines;                                              // type
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key_hash>
+        flash_attn_pipelines;
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_legacy_mul_mat_pipeline_key,
+                       webgpu_pipeline,
+                       ggml_webgpu_legacy_mul_mat_pipeline_key_hash>
+        mul_mat_legacy_pipelines;  // legacy mul_mat (non-subgroup/non-regtile/non-vec)
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key_hash>
+        mul_mat_vec_pipelines;     // fast mat-vec (n==1)
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_pipeline_key_hash>
+        mul_mat_fast_pipelines;    // fast mat-mat (reg-tile or subgroup)
+
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_set_rows_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_set_rows_pipeline_key_hash>
+        set_rows_pipelines;
+
+  public:
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib(wgpu::Device device) { this->device = device; }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_sum_rows_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        auto it = sum_rows_pipelines.find(1);
+        if (it != sum_rows_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed        = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_sum_rows, defines);
+        sum_rows_pipelines[1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, "sum_rows");
+        return sum_rows_pipelines[1];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_argmax_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        bool vec4 = context.src0->ne[0] % 4 == 0;
+
+        auto it = argmax_pipelines.find(vec4);
+        if (it != argmax_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+        std::string              variant = "argmax";
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+        if (vec4) {
+            defines.push_back("VEC4");
+            variant += "_vec4";
+        }
+
+        auto processed         = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_argmax, defines);
+        argmax_pipelines[vec4] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        return argmax_pipelines.at(vec4);
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_set_rows_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_set_rows_pipeline_key key = { .dst_type = context.dst->type,
+                                                  .vec4     = context.src0->ne[0] % 4 == 0,
+                                                  .i64_idx  = context.src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 };
+
+        auto it = set_rows_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != set_rows_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "set_rows";
+
+        switch (context.dst->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("DST_F32");
+                variant += "_dstf32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("DST_F16");
+                variant += "_dstf16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported dst type for set_rows shader");
+        }
+
+        if (key.vec4) {
+            defines.push_back("VEC4");
+            variant += "_vec4";
+        }
+        if (key.i64_idx) {
+            defines.push_back("I64_IDX");
+            variant += "_i64idx";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed                  = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_set_rows, defines);
+        auto decisions                  = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_set_rows_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->vec4                 = key.vec4;
+        decisions->i64_idx              = key.i64_idx;
+        decisions->wg_size              = context.max_wg_size;
+        set_rows_pipelines[key]         = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        set_rows_pipelines[key].context = decisions;
+        return set_rows_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_cumsum_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        auto it = cumsum_pipelines.find(1);
+        if (it != cumsum_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed      = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_cumsum, defines);
+        cumsum_pipelines[1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, "cumsum");
+        return cumsum_pipelines[1];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_argsort_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        bool          is_top_k = context.dst->op == GGML_OP_TOP_K;
+        // ascending order is 0, descending order is 1
+        const int32_t order =
+            is_top_k ? (int32_t) GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC : (int32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(context.dst, 0);
+
+        auto it = argsort_pipelines.find(order);
+        if (it != argsort_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "argsort";
+        defines.push_back(std::string("ORDER=") + std::to_string(order));
+        variant += std::string("_order") + std::to_string(order);
+        uint32_t wg_size = 1;
+        while (wg_size * 2 <= context.max_wg_size &&
+               wg_size * GGML_WEBGPU_I32_SIZE_BYTES <= context.wg_mem_limit_bytes / 2) {
+            wg_size *= 2;
+        }
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(wg_size));
+        auto processed                   = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_argsort, defines);
+        auto decisions                   = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size               = wg_size;
+        argsort_pipelines[order]         = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        argsort_pipelines[order].context = decisions;
+        return argsort_pipelines[order];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_argsort_merge_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        bool          is_top_k = context.dst->op == GGML_OP_TOP_K;
+        // ascending order is 0, descending order is 1
+        const int32_t order =
+            is_top_k ? (int32_t) GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC : (int32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(context.dst, 0);
+
+        auto it = argsort_merge_pipelines.find(order);
+        if (it != argsort_merge_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "argsort_merge";
+        defines.push_back(std::string("ORDER=") + std::to_string(order));
+        variant += std::string("_order") + std::to_string(order);
+        uint32_t wg_size = std::min(GGML_WEBGPU_ARGSORT_MERGE_MAX_WG_SIZE, context.max_wg_size);
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(wg_size));
+
+        auto processed                 = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_argsort_merge, defines);
+        argsort_merge_pipelines[order] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        return argsort_merge_pipelines[order];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_get_rows_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        const bool vectorized                 = context.src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && context.dst->ne[0] % 4 == 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key key = {
+            .src_type   = context.src0->type,
+            .vectorized = (int) vectorized,
+        };
+
+        auto it = get_rows_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != get_rows_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "get_rows";
+
+        const struct ggml_type_traits * type_traits = ggml_get_type_traits(key.src_type);
+        const char *                    type_str    = type_traits->type_name;
+
+        switch (key.src_type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                if (key.vectorized) {
+                    defines.push_back("F32_VEC");
+                    defines.push_back("SRC_TYPE=vec4<f32>");
+                    defines.push_back("DST_TYPE=vec4<f32>");
+                    defines.push_back("BLOCK_SIZE=4u");
+                } else {
+                    defines.push_back("F32");
+                    defines.push_back("SRC_TYPE=f32");
+                    defines.push_back("DST_TYPE=f32");
+                    defines.push_back("BLOCK_SIZE=1u");
+                }
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("F16");
+                defines.push_back("SRC_TYPE=f16");
+                defines.push_back("DST_TYPE=f32");
+                defines.push_back("BLOCK_SIZE=1u");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                defines.push_back("I32");
+                defines.push_back("SRC_TYPE=i32");
+                defines.push_back("DST_TYPE=i32");
+                defines.push_back("BLOCK_SIZE=1u");
+                variant += "_i32";
+                break;
+            default:
+                {
+                    std::string type_upper = type_str;
+                    std::transform(type_upper.begin(), type_upper.end(), type_upper.begin(), ::toupper);
+
+                    defines.push_back("BYTE_HELPERS");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_T");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper);
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_SCALE_MIN");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_TABLES");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_GRID");
+
+                    variant += "_";
+                    variant += type_str;
+
+                    defines.push_back(std::string("SRC_TYPE=") + type_str);
+                    defines.push_back("DST_TYPE=f32");
+
+                    if ((key.src_type >= GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 && key.src_type <= GGML_TYPE_Q8_1) ||
+                        key.src_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) {
+                        defines.push_back("BLOCK_SIZE=32u");
+                    } else if (key.src_type >= GGML_TYPE_Q2_K) {
+                        defines.push_back("BLOCK_SIZE=256u");
+                    } else {
+                        defines.push_back("BLOCK_SIZE=1u");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (key.vectorized) {
+            variant += "_vec";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back("WG_SIZE=" + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_get_rows, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        get_rows_pipelines[key]  = pipeline;
+        return get_rows_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_scale_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key key = { .inplace = context.inplace };
+
+        auto it = scale_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != scale_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "scale";
+
+        if (key.inplace) {
+            defines.push_back("INPLACE");
+            variant += "_inplace";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_scale, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        scale_pipelines[key]     = pipeline;
+        return scale_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_pad_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key key = { .circular = ggml_get_op_params_i32(context.dst, 8) != 0 };
+
+        auto it = pad_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != pad_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "pad";
+
+        if (key.circular) {
+            defines.push_back("CIRCULAR");
+            variant += "_circular";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_pad, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        pad_pipelines[key]       = pipeline;
+        return pad_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_mul_mat_vec_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key key = {
+            .src0_type  = context.src0->type,
+            .src1_type  = context.src1->type,
+            // Quantized mat-vec path currently runs scalar; only allow vectorization when both inputs are float
+            .vectorized = (context.src0->ne[0] % 4 == 0 && context.dst->ne[0] % 4 == 0 &&
+                           (context.src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || context.src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) ?
+                              1 :
+                              0,
+        };
+
+        auto it = mul_mat_vec_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != mul_mat_vec_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "mul_mat_vec";
+
+        // src0 type (matrix row)
+        switch (context.src0->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("SRC0_INNER_TYPE=f32");
+                defines.push_back("MUL_ACC_FLOAT");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("SRC0_INNER_TYPE=f16");
+                defines.push_back("MUL_ACC_FLOAT");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                {
+                    // Quantized types: use helpers but accumulate in f16
+                    const struct ggml_type_traits * src0_traits = ggml_get_type_traits(context.src0->type);
+                    std::string                     src0_name   = src0_traits->type_name;
+                    std::string                     type_upper  = src0_name;
+                    variant += "_" + src0_name;
+                    std::transform(type_upper.begin(), type_upper.end(), type_upper.begin(), ::toupper);
+
+                    defines.push_back("BYTE_HELPERS");
+                    defines.push_back("MUL_ACC_" + type_upper);
+
+                    // For fast path we always dequantize from f16 inside the shader
+                    defines.push_back("SRC0_INNER_TYPE=f16");
+                    break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        // src1 type (vector)
+        switch (context.src1->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("SRC1_INNER_TYPE=f32");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("SRC1_INNER_TYPE=f16");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported src1 type for mul_mat_vec shader");
+        }
+
+        // VEC/SCALAR controls
+        defines.push_back(key.vectorized ? "VEC" : "SCALAR");
+
+        uint32_t wg_size        = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_WG_SIZE;
+        uint32_t tile_k         = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_TILE_K;
+        uint32_t outputs_per_wg = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
+
+        if (key.src0_type >= GGML_TYPE_Q2_K) {
+            tile_k         = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_TILE_K;
+            outputs_per_wg = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
+        } else if (key.src0_type >= GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+            tile_k         = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_TILE_K;
+            outputs_per_wg = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(wg_size));
+        defines.push_back(std::string("TILE_K=") + std::to_string(tile_k));
+        defines.push_back(std::string("OUTPUTS_PER_WG=") + std::to_string(outputs_per_wg));
+
+        auto processed            = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_mul_mat_vec, defines);
+        auto decisions            = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size        = wg_size;
+        decisions->tile_k         = tile_k;
+        decisions->outputs_per_wg = outputs_per_wg;
+        decisions->vec_size       = key.vectorized ? 4 : 1;
+
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline   = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context           = decisions;
+        mul_mat_vec_pipelines[key] = pipeline;
+        return mul_mat_vec_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_mul_mat_fast_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_pipeline_key key = {
+            .src0_type  = context.src0->type,
+            .src1_type  = context.src1->type,
+            .vectorized = (context.src0->ne[0] % 4 == 0 && context.dst->ne[0] % 4 == 0 && context.dst->ne[1] % 4 == 0 &&
+                           (context.src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || context.src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) ?
+                              1 :
+                              0,
+            .use_subgroup_matrix = context.supports_subgroup_matrix
+        };
+
+        auto it = mul_mat_fast_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != mul_mat_fast_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        const char * shader_src = key.use_subgroup_matrix ? wgsl_mul_mat_subgroup_matrix : wgsl_mul_mat_reg_tile;
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = key.use_subgroup_matrix ? "mul_mat_subgroup_matrix" : "mul_mat_reg_tile";
+
+        // src1 type
+        switch (context.src1->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("SRC1_INNER_TYPE=f32");
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("SRC1_INNER_TYPE=f16");
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported src1 type for mul_mat fast shader");
+        }
+
+        // src0 type
+        const struct ggml_type_traits * src0_traits = ggml_get_type_traits(context.src0->type);
+        const char *                    src0_name   = src0_traits->type_name;
+
+        switch (context.src0->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("SRC0_INNER_TYPE=f32");
+                defines.push_back("FLOAT");
+                defines.push_back("MUL_ACC_FLOAT");
+                defines.push_back("INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_FLOAT");
+                defines.push_back("INIT_SRC1_SHMEM_FLOAT");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("SRC0_INNER_TYPE=f16");
+                defines.push_back("FLOAT");
+                defines.push_back("MUL_ACC_FLOAT");
+                defines.push_back("INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_FLOAT");
+                defines.push_back("INIT_SRC1_SHMEM_FLOAT");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                {
+                    std::string type_upper = src0_name;
+                    std::transform(type_upper.begin(), type_upper.end(), type_upper.begin(), ::toupper);
+
+                    defines.push_back("BYTE_HELPERS");
+                    defines.push_back("MUL_ACC_" + type_upper);
+                    defines.push_back("INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_" + type_upper);
+                    defines.push_back("INIT_SRC1_SHMEM_FLOAT");
+
+                    // Use f16 inside the shader for quantized types
+                    defines.push_back("SRC0_INNER_TYPE=f16");
+
+                    variant += std::string("_") + src0_name;
+                    break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        // VEC/SCALAR controls
+        defines.push_back(key.vectorized ? "VEC" : "SCALAR");
+
+        // Tiles
+        defines.push_back("TILE_M=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_M) + "u");
+        defines.push_back("TILE_N=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_N) + "u");
+        defines.push_back("TILE_K=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_K) + "u");
+
+        // Subgroup matrix specifics
+        if (key.use_subgroup_matrix) {
+            defines.push_back("MAX_SUBGROUP_SIZE=" + std::to_string(context.max_subgroup_size) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("SUBGROUP_M=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_M) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("SUBGROUP_N=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_N) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE=" + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_m) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE=" + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_n) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("SUBGROUP_MATRIX_K_SIZE=" + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_k) + "u");
+        }
+
+        // variant suffix for src1 type
+        variant += std::string("_") + (context.src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ? "f32" : "f16");
+        if (key.vectorized) {
+            variant += "_vectorized";
+        }
+
+        if (!key.use_subgroup_matrix) {
+            defines.push_back("WORKGROUP_SIZE_M=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_M) + "u");
+            defines.push_back("WORKGROUP_SIZE_N=" + std::to_string(WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_N) + "u");
+        }
+
+        auto processed = preprocessor.preprocess(shader_src, defines);
+
+        auto decisions                 = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->tile_k              = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_K;
+        decisions->tile_m              = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_M;
+        decisions->tile_n              = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_TILE_N;
+        decisions->use_subgroup_matrix = key.use_subgroup_matrix;
+        if (key.use_subgroup_matrix) {
+            decisions->subgroup_m        = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_M;
+            decisions->subgroup_n        = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_N;
+            decisions->subgroup_matrix_m = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M;
+            decisions->subgroup_matrix_n = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N;
+            decisions->wg_size           = context.max_subgroup_size;
+        } else {
+            decisions->wg_size_m       = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_M;
+            decisions->wg_size_n       = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_N;
+            decisions->wg_size         = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_M * WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE_N;
+            decisions->mul_mat_wg_size = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE;
+        }
+
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline    = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context            = decisions;
+        mul_mat_fast_pipelines[key] = pipeline;
+        return mul_mat_fast_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_mul_mat_legacy_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_legacy_mul_mat_pipeline_key key = { .src0_type = context.src0->type,
+                                                        .src1_type = context.src1->type };
+
+        auto it = mul_mat_legacy_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != mul_mat_legacy_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "mul_mat";
+
+        switch (context.src1->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("SRC1_TYPE=f32");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("SRC1_TYPE=f16");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported src1 type for mul_mat legacy shader");
+        }
+
+        const struct ggml_type_traits * src0_traits = ggml_get_type_traits(context.src0->type);
+        const char *                    src0_name   = src0_traits->type_name;
+
+        switch (context.src0->type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("SRC0_TYPE=f32");
+                defines.push_back("FLOAT");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("SRC0_TYPE=f16");
+                defines.push_back("FLOAT");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                {
+                    // quantized types
+                    std::string type_upper = src0_name;
+                    std::transform(type_upper.begin(), type_upper.end(), type_upper.begin(), ::toupper);
+
+                    defines.push_back(std::string("SRC0_TYPE=") + src0_name);
+                    defines.push_back("BYTE_HELPERS");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_T");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper);
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_SCALE_MIN");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_TABLES");
+                    defines.push_back(type_upper + "_GRID");
+
+                    variant += std::string("_") + src0_name;
+                    break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        auto processed = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_mul_mat, defines);
+
+        auto decisions     = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE;
+
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline      = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context              = decisions;
+        mul_mat_legacy_pipelines[key] = pipeline;
+        return mul_mat_legacy_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_unary_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        const bool                     is_unary = context.dst->op == GGML_OP_UNARY;
+        const int                      op       = is_unary ? (int) ggml_get_unary_op(context.dst) : context.dst->op;
+        ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key key      = {
+                 .type     = context.dst->type,
+                 .op       = op,
+                 .is_unary = is_unary,
+                 .inplace  = context.inplace,
+        };
+
+        auto it = unary_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != unary_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant =
+            key.is_unary ? ggml_unary_op_name((ggml_unary_op) key.op) : ggml_op_name((ggml_op) key.op);
+        defines.push_back(variant);
+
+        switch (key.type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_F32");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_F16");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for unary shader");
+        }
+
+        if (key.inplace) {
+            defines.push_back("INPLACE");
+            variant += "_inplace";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_unary, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        unary_pipelines[key]     = pipeline;
+        return unary_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_binary_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key key = {
+            .type        = context.dst->type,
+            .op          = context.dst->op,
+            .inplace     = context.inplace,
+            .overlap     = context.overlap,
+            .src_overlap = context.src_overlap,
+        };
+
+        auto it = binary_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != binary_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              op_name = ggml_op_name((ggml_op) key.op);
+        std::string              variant = op_name;
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("OP_") + op_name);
+
+        switch (key.type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_F32");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_F16");
+                variant += "_f16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for binary shader");
+        }
+
+        if (key.inplace) {
+            defines.push_back("INPLACE");
+            variant += "_inplace";
+        } else if (key.overlap) {
+            defines.push_back("OVERLAP");
+            variant += "_overlap";
+        } else if (key.src_overlap) {
+            defines.push_back("SRC_OVERLAP");
+            variant += "_src_overlap";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_binary, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        binary_pipelines[key]    = pipeline;
+        return binary_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_concat_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_concat_pipeline_key key = {
+            .type = context.dst->type,
+        };
+
+        auto it = concat_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != concat_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "concat";
+
+        switch (key.type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_F32");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_I32");
+                variant += "_i32";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for concat shader");
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_concat, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        concat_pipelines[key]    = pipeline;
+        return concat_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_repeat_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_repeat_pipeline_key key = {
+            .type = context.dst->type,
+        };
+
+        auto it = repeat_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != repeat_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "repeat";
+
+        switch (key.type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_F32");
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_I32");
+                variant += "_i32";
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_I16:
+                defines.push_back("TYPE_I16");
+                variant += "_i16";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for repeat shader");
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_repeat, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        repeat_pipelines[key]    = pipeline;
+        return repeat_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_flash_attn_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        const bool has_mask  = context.src3 != nullptr;
+        const bool has_sinks = context.src4 != nullptr;
+
+        bool kv_direct = (context.src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (context.src0->ne[0] % context.sg_mat_k == 0) &&
+                         (context.src1->ne[1] % context.sg_mat_n == 0);
+
+        ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key = {
+            .kv_type            = context.src1->type,
+            .head_dim_qk        = (uint32_t) context.src0->ne[0],
+            .head_dim_v         = (uint32_t) context.src2->ne[0],
+            .kv_direct          = kv_direct,
+            .has_mask           = has_mask,
+            .has_sinks          = has_sinks,
+            .uses_logit_softcap = (*(float *) &context.dst->op_params[2]) != 0.0f,
+        };
+
+        auto it = flash_attn_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != flash_attn_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "flash_attn";
+
+        switch (key.kv_type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                defines.push_back("KV_F32");
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                defines.push_back("KV_F16");
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                defines.push_back("KV_Q4_0");
+                break;
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                defines.push_back("KV_Q8_0");
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported KV type for flash attention shader");
+        }
+        variant += std::string("_") + ggml_type_name(key.kv_type);
+
+        if (key.has_mask) {
+            defines.push_back("MASK");
+            variant += "_mask";
+        }
+        if (key.has_sinks) {
+            defines.push_back("SINKS");
+            variant += "_sinks";
+        }
+        if (key.uses_logit_softcap) {
+            defines.push_back("LOGIT_SOFTCAP");
+            variant += "_lgsc";
+        }
+        if (key.kv_direct) {
+            defines.push_back("KV_DIRECT");
+            variant += "_kvdirect";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("HEAD_DIM_QK=") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_qk));
+        variant += std::string("_hsqk") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_qk);
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("HEAD_DIM_V=") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_v));
+        variant += std::string("_hsv") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_v);
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_M=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_m));
+        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_N=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_n));
+        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_K=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_k));
+
+        uint32_t q_tile = context.sg_mat_m;
+        uint32_t kv_tile =
+            std::min(ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile({ key, context.sg_mat_m, context.sg_mat_n, context.sg_mat_k,
+                                                          context.wg_mem_limit_bytes, context.max_subgroup_size }),
+                     context.sg_mat_n * GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_KV_SG_TILES);
+        if (key.kv_direct) {
+            while (GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD % kv_tile != 0) {
+                kv_tile -= context.sg_mat_n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("Q_TILE=") + std::to_string(q_tile));
+        defines.push_back(std::string("KV_TILE=") + std::to_string(kv_tile));
+
+        uint32_t wg_size = std::max(context.max_subgroup_size, GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_WG_SIZE);
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(wg_size));
+
+        auto processed     = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_flash_attn, defines);
+        auto decisions     = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->q_tile  = q_tile;
+        decisions->kv_tile = kv_tile;
+        decisions->wg_size = wg_size;
+
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline  = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context          = decisions;
+        flash_attn_pipelines[key] = pipeline;
+        return flash_attn_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+  private:
+    static webgpu_pipeline ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(wgpu::Device & device,
+                                                       std::string    shader_code,
+                                                       std::string    label) {
+        wgpu::ShaderSourceWGSL shader_source;
+        shader_source.code = shader_code.c_str();
+
+        wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor shader_desc;
+        shader_desc.nextInChain = &shader_source;
+
+        wgpu::ShaderModule shader_module = device.CreateShaderModule(&shader_desc);
+
+        wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor pipeline_desc;
+        pipeline_desc.label              = label.c_str();
+        pipeline_desc.compute.module     = shader_module;
+        pipeline_desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";   // Entry point in the WGSL code
+        pipeline_desc.layout             = nullptr;  // nullptr means auto layout
+        return { device.CreateComputePipeline(&pipeline_desc), label };
+    }
+
+    static uint32_t ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        const size_t limit_bytes = context.wg_mem_limit_bytes;
+        const size_t q_tile      = context.sg_mat_m;
+        const size_t base_q_bytes =
+            (context.key.head_dim_qk + context.key.head_dim_v) * q_tile * GGML_WEBGPU_F16_SIZE_BYTES +
+            2 * q_tile * GGML_WEBGPU_F32_SIZE_BYTES;
+        size_t bytes_per_kv = 0;
+        if (!context.key.kv_direct) {
+            bytes_per_kv += std::max(context.key.head_dim_qk, context.key.head_dim_v);
+        }
+        if (context.key.has_mask) {
+            bytes_per_kv += q_tile;
+        }
+        bytes_per_kv += q_tile;
+        bytes_per_kv *= GGML_WEBGPU_F16_SIZE_BYTES;
+        const uint32_t max_kv_tile = (limit_bytes - base_q_bytes) / bytes_per_kv;
+        return (max_kv_tile / context.sg_mat_n) * context.sg_mat_n;
+    }
+};
+
+#endif  // GGML_WEBGPU_SHADER_LIB_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/ggml-webgpu.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/ggml-webgpu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..128b7dc3de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/ggml-webgpu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3376 @@
+/*
+    WebGPU backend implementation.
+    Note: Use ClangFormat to format this file.
+*/
+
+#include "ggml-webgpu.h"
+
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-webgpu-shader-lib.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#    include <emscripten/emscripten.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+#    include <iomanip>
+#endif
+#if defined(GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG) || defined(GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE) || defined(GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE)
+#    include <iostream>
+#endif
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define ROUNDUP_POW2(x, pow2) (((x) + ((pow2) - 1)) & ~((pow2) - 1))
+#define CEIL_DIV(M, N)        (((M) + (N) - 1) / (N))
+
+// Return a rectangular grid of workgroups with minimal over-provisioned workgroups.
+// Assumes that the total number of workgroups does not exceed max_per_dim^2.
+static inline void compute_2d_workgroups(uint32_t total_wg, uint32_t max_per_dim, uint32_t & wg_x, uint32_t & wg_y) {
+    wg_y = std::max(1u, CEIL_DIV(total_wg, max_per_dim));
+    wg_x = CEIL_DIV(total_wg, wg_y);
+}
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG
+#    define WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG(msg)  std::cout << msg << std::endl
+#    define WEBGPU_DEBUG_BUF_ELEMS 512
+#else
+#    define WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG(msg) ((void) 0)
+#endif  // GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE
+// total timing (aggregated)
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(id) auto cpu_total_start_##id = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(id, ctx)                                                         \
+        auto   cpu_total_end_##id = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();                            \
+        double cpu_total_time_##id =                                                                      \
+            std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(cpu_total_end_##id - cpu_total_start_##id).count(); \
+        (ctx)->cpu_time_ms[#id] += cpu_total_time_##id;
+// fine-grained timing (not included in totals)
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_DETAIL_START(id) auto cpu_detail_start_##id = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_DETAIL_END(id, ctx)                                                          \
+        auto   cpu_detail_end_##id = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();                             \
+        double cpu_detail_time_##id =                                                                       \
+            std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(cpu_detail_end_##id - cpu_detail_start_##id).count(); \
+        (ctx)->cpu_detail_ms[#id] += cpu_detail_time_##id;
+#else
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(id)
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(id, ctx)
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_DETAIL_START(id)
+#    define WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_DETAIL_END(id, ctx)
+#endif  // GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+#    define WEBGPU_NUM_TIMESTAMP_QUERY_BUFS       32
+#    define WEBGPU_TIMESTAMP_QUERY_BUF_SIZE_BYTES 16  // e.g. enough for two timestamps
+#endif
+
+/* Constants */
+
+#define WEBGPU_NUM_PARAM_BUFS                96u
+#define WEBGPU_COMMAND_SUBMIT_BATCH_SIZE     32u
+#define WEBGPU_WAIT_ANY_TIMEOUT_MS           0
+// Maximum number of in-flight submissions per-thread, to avoid exhausting the
+// parameter buffer pool
+#define WEBGPU_MAX_INFLIGHT_SUBS_PER_THREAD  (WEBGPU_NUM_PARAM_BUFS / WEBGPU_COMMAND_SUBMIT_BATCH_SIZE)
+#define WEBGPU_PARAMS_BUF_SIZE_BYTES         128  // enough for 32 parameters
+#define WEBGPU_SET_ROWS_ERROR_BUF_SIZE_BYTES 4
+#define WEBGPU_STORAGE_BUF_BINDING_MULT      4    // a storage buffer binding size must be a multiple of 4
+
+// For operations which process a row in parallel, this seems like a reasonable
+// default
+#define WEBGPU_ROW_SPLIT_WG_SIZE 64
+
+// Track https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/5315 for fixes to
+// implementations so this can be removed, necessary only for get_rows right now
+#define WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE 288
+
+/* End Constants */
+
+// This is a "fake" base pointer, since WebGPU buffers do not have pointers to
+// their locations.
+static void * const webgpu_ptr_base = (void *) (uintptr_t) 0x1000;  // NOLINT
+
+// Always returns the base offset of a tensor, regardless of views.
+static uint64_t webgpu_tensor_offset(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    if (tensor->view_src) {
+        return (uint8_t *) tensor->view_src->data - (uint8_t *) webgpu_ptr_base;
+    }
+    return (uint8_t *) tensor->data - (uint8_t *) webgpu_ptr_base;
+}
+
+/* Struct definitions */
+
+// Forward reference
+static void ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(wgpu::Device &    device,
+                                      wgpu::Buffer &    buffer,
+                                      size_t            size,
+                                      wgpu::BufferUsage usage,
+                                      const char *      label);
+
+// Holds a pool of parameter buffers for WebGPU operations
+struct webgpu_buf_pool {
+    std::vector<wgpu::Buffer> free;
+
+    // The pool must be synchronized because
+    // 1. The memset pool is shared globally by every ggml buffer,
+    // since allocating a pool per ggml buffer would consume too much memory.
+    // 2. For the per-thread buffer pools in webgpu_context,
+    // buffers are allocated and freed in Dawn callbacks,
+    // which can run on a different thread than the calling thread.
+    std::mutex              mutex;
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    size_t                  cur_pool_size;
+    size_t                  max_pool_size;
+    wgpu::Device            device;
+    wgpu::BufferUsage       dev_buf_usage;
+    size_t                  buf_size;
+    bool                    should_grow;
+
+    void init(wgpu::Device      device,
+              int               num_bufs,
+              size_t            buf_size,
+              wgpu::BufferUsage dev_buf_usage,
+              bool              should_grow   = false,
+              size_t            max_pool_size = WEBGPU_NUM_PARAM_BUFS * 2) {
+        this->max_pool_size = max_pool_size;
+        this->cur_pool_size = num_bufs;
+        this->device        = device;
+        this->dev_buf_usage = dev_buf_usage;
+        this->buf_size      = buf_size;
+        this->should_grow   = should_grow;
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
+            wgpu::Buffer dev_buf;
+            ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(device, dev_buf, buf_size, dev_buf_usage, "ggml_webgpu_dev_pool_buf");
+            free.push_back(dev_buf);
+        }
+    }
+
+    wgpu::Buffer alloc_bufs() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        if (!free.empty()) {
+            wgpu::Buffer buf = free.back();
+            free.pop_back();
+            return buf;
+        }
+
+        // Try growing the pool if no free buffers
+        if (free.empty() && cur_pool_size < max_pool_size && should_grow) {
+            cur_pool_size++;
+            wgpu::Buffer dev_buf;
+            ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(device, dev_buf, buf_size, dev_buf_usage, "ggml_webgpu_dev_pool_buf");
+
+            if (!dev_buf) {
+                GGML_ABORT("webgpu_buf_pool: failed to allocate buffers");
+            }
+            return dev_buf;
+        }
+        cv.wait(lock, [this] { return !free.empty(); });
+        wgpu::Buffer buf = free.back();
+        free.pop_back();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    void free_bufs(std::vector<wgpu::Buffer> bufs) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        free.insert(free.end(), bufs.begin(), bufs.end());
+        cv.notify_all();
+    }
+
+    void cleanup() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        for (auto & buf : free) {
+            if (buf) {
+                buf.Destroy();
+            }
+        }
+        free.clear();
+    }
+
+    ~webgpu_buf_pool() { this->cleanup(); }
+};
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+struct webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs {
+    wgpu::Buffer   host_buf;
+    wgpu::Buffer   dev_buf;
+    wgpu::QuerySet query_set;
+};
+
+// Holds a pool of parameter buffers for WebGPU operations
+struct webgpu_gpu_profile_buf_pool {
+    std::vector<webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs> free;
+
+    std::mutex mutex;
+
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+
+    void init(wgpu::Device      device,
+              int               num_bufs,
+              size_t            buf_size,
+              wgpu::BufferUsage dev_buf_usage,
+              wgpu::BufferUsage host_buf_usage) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
+            wgpu::Buffer host_buf;
+            wgpu::Buffer dev_buf;
+            ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(device, host_buf, buf_size, host_buf_usage, "ggml_webgpu_host_profile_buf");
+            ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(device, dev_buf, buf_size, dev_buf_usage, "ggml_webgpu_dev_profile_buf");
+            // Create a query set for 2 timestamps
+            wgpu::QuerySetDescriptor ts_query_set_desc = {};
+
+            ts_query_set_desc.type      = wgpu::QueryType::Timestamp;
+            ts_query_set_desc.count     = 2;
+            wgpu::QuerySet ts_query_set = device.CreateQuerySet(&ts_query_set_desc);
+
+            free.push_back({ host_buf, dev_buf, ts_query_set });
+        }
+    }
+
+    webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs alloc_bufs() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        cv.wait(lock, [this] { return !free.empty(); });
+        webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs bufs = free.back();
+        free.pop_back();
+        return bufs;
+    }
+
+    void free_bufs(std::vector<webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs> bufs) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        free.insert(free.end(), bufs.begin(), bufs.end());
+        cv.notify_all();
+    }
+
+    void cleanup() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+        for (auto & bufs : free) {
+            bufs.host_buf.Destroy();
+            bufs.dev_buf.Destroy();
+            bufs.query_set.Destroy();
+        }
+        free.clear();
+    }
+
+    ~webgpu_gpu_profile_buf_pool() { this->cleanup(); }
+};
+#endif
+
+struct webgpu_command {
+    uint32_t                  num_kernels;
+    wgpu::CommandBuffer       commands;
+    std::vector<wgpu::Buffer> params_bufs;
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs timestamp_query_bufs;
+    std::string             pipeline_name;
+#endif
+};
+
+struct webgpu_capabilities {
+    wgpu::Limits limits;
+    bool         supports_subgroup_matrix = false;
+
+    uint32_t sg_mat_m = 0;
+    uint32_t sg_mat_n = 0;
+    uint32_t sg_mat_k = 0;
+
+    uint32_t subgroup_size     = 0;
+    uint32_t max_subgroup_size = 0;
+    size_t   memset_bytes_per_thread;
+};
+
+// Stores global webgpu members
+struct webgpu_global_context_struct {
+    wgpu::Instance instance;
+    wgpu::Adapter  adapter;
+    wgpu::Device   device;
+    wgpu::Queue    queue;
+
+    webgpu_capabilities  capabilities;
+    // Shared buffer to move data from device to host
+    wgpu::Buffer         get_tensor_staging_buf;
+    // Global mutex for pipeline and staging buffer, will be refactored to exclude pipeline caches.
+    std::recursive_mutex mutex;
+
+    webgpu_buf_pool                memset_buf_pool;
+    std::map<int, webgpu_pipeline> memset_pipelines;  // variant or type index
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE
+    // Profiling: labeled CPU time in ms (total)
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, double> cpu_time_ms;
+    // Profiling: detailed CPU time in ms
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, double> cpu_detail_ms;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    // Profiling: per-shader GPU time in ms
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, double> shader_gpu_time_ms;
+    // Profiling: pool of timestamp query buffers (one per operation)
+    webgpu_gpu_profile_buf_pool             timestamp_query_buf_pool;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG
+    wgpu::Buffer debug_host_buf;
+    wgpu::Buffer debug_dev_buf;
+#endif
+
+    ~webgpu_global_context_struct() {
+        if (this->get_tensor_staging_buf) {
+            this->get_tensor_staging_buf.Destroy();
+            this->get_tensor_staging_buf = nullptr;
+        }
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG
+        if (this->debug_host_buf) {
+            this->debug_host_buf.Destroy();
+            this->debug_host_buf = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (this->debug_dev_buf) {
+            this->debug_dev_buf.Destroy();
+            this->debug_dev_buf = nullptr;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+};
+
+typedef std::shared_ptr<webgpu_global_context_struct> webgpu_global_context;
+
+struct webgpu_submission {
+    wgpu::FutureWaitInfo submit_done;
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    std::vector<wgpu::FutureWaitInfo> profile_futures;
+#endif
+};
+
+// All the base objects needed to run operations on a WebGPU device
+struct webgpu_context_struct {
+    // Points to global instances owned by ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context
+    webgpu_global_context global_ctx;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ggml_webgpu_shader_lib> shader_lib;
+
+    webgpu_buf_pool param_buf_pool;
+    wgpu::Buffer    set_rows_dev_error_buf;
+    wgpu::Buffer    set_rows_host_error_buf;
+
+    std::map<int, std::map<int, webgpu_pipeline>> cpy_pipelines;                      // src_type, dst_type
+
+    std::map<int, webgpu_pipeline>                               rms_norm_pipelines;  // inplace
+    std::map<int, std::map<int, std::map<int, webgpu_pipeline>>> rope_pipelines;      // type, ff, inplace
+    std::map<int, std::map<int, std::map<int, webgpu_pipeline>>> glu_pipelines;       // glu_op, type, split
+
+    std::map<int, std::map<int, std::map<int, webgpu_pipeline>>> soft_max_pipelines;  // mask_type, has_sink, inplace
+
+    size_t memset_bytes_per_thread;
+};
+
+typedef std::shared_ptr<webgpu_context_struct> webgpu_context;
+
+// Metadata required for the ggml backend registration/discovery interface
+struct ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context {
+    // Since the Instance is a global entrypoint into the WebGPU API, it lives here
+    webgpu_global_context webgpu_global_ctx;
+    size_t                device_count;
+    const char *          name;
+};
+
+// Per-device struct for the global logical device interface
+struct ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context {
+    webgpu_global_context webgpu_global_ctx;
+    std::string           device_name;
+    std::string           device_desc;
+};
+
+// Per-thread data required to actually run WebGPU operations in a backend instance
+struct ggml_backend_webgpu_context {
+    webgpu_context webgpu_ctx;
+    std::string    name;
+};
+
+// Per-thread data related to buffers
+struct ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context {
+    wgpu::Buffer          buffer;
+    std::string           label;
+    webgpu_global_context global_ctx;
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context(wgpu::Buffer buf, std::string lbl, webgpu_global_context global_ctx_) :
+        buffer(std::move(buf)),
+        label(std::move(lbl)),
+        global_ctx(std::move(global_ctx_)) {}
+};
+
+/* WebGPU object initializations */
+
+static webgpu_pipeline ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(wgpu::Device &                           device,
+                                                   const char *                             shader_code,
+                                                   const char *                             label,
+                                                   const std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> & constants = {}) {
+    wgpu::ShaderSourceWGSL shader_source;
+    shader_source.code = shader_code;
+
+    wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor shader_desc;
+    shader_desc.nextInChain = &shader_source;
+
+    wgpu::ShaderModule shader_module = device.CreateShaderModule(&shader_desc);
+
+    wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor pipeline_desc;
+    pipeline_desc.label              = label;
+    pipeline_desc.compute.module     = shader_module;
+    pipeline_desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";   // Entry point in the WGSL code
+    pipeline_desc.layout             = nullptr;  // nullptr means auto layout
+    if (constants.size() > 0) {
+        pipeline_desc.compute.constants     = constants.data();
+        pipeline_desc.compute.constantCount = constants.size();
+    }
+    return { device.CreateComputePipeline(&pipeline_desc), label };
+}
+
+static void ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(wgpu::Device &    device,
+                                      wgpu::Buffer &    buffer,
+                                      size_t            size,
+                                      wgpu::BufferUsage usage,
+                                      const char *      label) {
+    wgpu::BufferDescriptor buffer_desc;
+    buffer_desc.size             = size;
+    buffer_desc.usage            = usage;
+    buffer_desc.label            = label;
+    buffer_desc.mappedAtCreation = false;
+
+    // TODO: error handling
+    buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&buffer_desc);
+}
+
+/** End WebGPU object initializations */
+
+/** WebGPU Actions */
+
+static bool ggml_backend_webgpu_handle_wait_status(wgpu::WaitStatus status, bool allow_timeout = false) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case wgpu::WaitStatus::Success:
+            return true;
+        case wgpu::WaitStatus::TimedOut:
+            if (allow_timeout) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: WaitAny timed out unexpectedly\n");
+            return false;
+        case wgpu::WaitStatus::Error:
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: WaitAny returned an error\n");
+            return false;
+        default:
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: WaitAny returned an unknown status\n");
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_erase_completed_futures(std::vector<wgpu::FutureWaitInfo> & futures) {
+    futures.erase(std::remove_if(futures.begin(), futures.end(),
+                                 [](const wgpu::FutureWaitInfo & info) { return info.completed; }),
+                  futures.end());
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_wait_profile_futures(webgpu_global_context &             ctx,
+                                                     std::vector<wgpu::FutureWaitInfo> & futures,
+                                                     bool                                block) {
+    if (futures.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t timeout_ms = block ? UINT64_MAX : 0;
+    if (block) {
+        while (!futures.empty()) {
+            auto waitStatus = ctx->instance.WaitAny(futures.size(), futures.data(), timeout_ms);
+            if (ggml_backend_webgpu_handle_wait_status(waitStatus)) {
+                ggml_backend_webgpu_erase_completed_futures(futures);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        auto waitStatus = ctx->instance.WaitAny(futures.size(), futures.data(), timeout_ms);
+        if (ggml_backend_webgpu_handle_wait_status(waitStatus, true)) {
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_erase_completed_futures(futures);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+// Wait for the queue to finish processing all submitted work
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_wait(webgpu_global_context &          ctx,
+                                     std::vector<webgpu_submission> & subs,
+                                     bool                             block = true) {
+    // If we have too many in-flight submissions, wait on the oldest one first.
+    if (subs.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    while (subs.size() >= WEBGPU_MAX_INFLIGHT_SUBS_PER_THREAD) {
+        auto waitStatus = ctx->instance.WaitAny(1, &subs[0].submit_done, UINT64_MAX);
+        if (ggml_backend_webgpu_handle_wait_status(waitStatus)) {
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_wait_profile_futures(ctx, subs[0].profile_futures, true);
+#endif
+            subs.erase(subs.begin());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (subs.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (block) {
+        for (auto & sub : subs) {
+            while (!sub.submit_done.completed) {
+                auto waitStatus = ctx->instance.WaitAny(1, &sub.submit_done, UINT64_MAX);
+                ggml_backend_webgpu_handle_wait_status(waitStatus);
+            }
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_wait_profile_futures(ctx, sub.profile_futures, true);
+#endif
+        }
+        subs.clear();
+    } else {
+        // Poll each submit future once and remove completed submissions.
+        for (auto sub = subs.begin(); sub != subs.end();) {
+            auto waitStatus = ctx->instance.WaitAny(1, &sub->submit_done, 0);
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_handle_wait_status(waitStatus, true);
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_wait_profile_futures(ctx, sub->profile_futures, false);
+            if (sub->submit_done.completed && sub->profile_futures.empty()) {
+#else
+            if (sub->submit_done.completed) {
+#endif
+                sub = subs.erase(sub);
+            } else {
+                ++sub;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_map_buffer(webgpu_global_context & ctx,
+                                           wgpu::Buffer &          buffer,
+                                           wgpu::MapMode           mode,
+                                           size_t                  offset,
+                                           size_t                  size) {
+    ctx->instance.WaitAny(buffer.MapAsync(mode, offset, size, wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
+                                          [](wgpu::MapAsyncStatus status, wgpu::StringView message) {
+                                              if (status != wgpu::MapAsyncStatus::Success) {
+                                                  GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Failed to map buffer: %s\n",
+                                                                 message.data);
+                                              }
+                                          }),
+                          UINT64_MAX);
+}
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG
+// This function adds debugging information to shaders, as WebGPU does not support printing directly.
+// To use, add a bind group entry to the setup for the shader you are debugging, add the buffer and
+// debug statements in the shader, and then call this function after encoding the commands and submitting them.
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_debug(webgpu_global_context & ctx) {
+    wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = ctx->device.CreateCommandEncoder();
+    encoder.CopyBufferToBuffer(ctx->debug_dev_buf, 0, ctx->debug_host_buf, 0, ctx->debug_host_buf.GetSize());
+    wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
+    ctx->queue.Submit(1, &commands);
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_map_buffer(ctx, ctx->debug_host_buf, wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, ctx->debug_host_buf.GetSize());
+    const float * debug_data = (const float *) ctx->debug_host_buf.GetConstMappedRange();
+    std::cout << "debug[0]: " << debug_data[0] << "\n";
+    ctx->debug_host_buf.Unmap();
+}
+#endif
+
+static webgpu_submission ggml_backend_webgpu_submit(webgpu_global_context &       ctx,
+                                                    std::vector<webgpu_command> & commands,
+                                                    webgpu_buf_pool &             param_buf_pool) {
+    std::vector<wgpu::CommandBuffer> command_buffers;
+    std::vector<wgpu::Buffer>        params_bufs;
+    webgpu_submission                submission;
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs>> pipeline_name_and_ts_bufs;
+#endif
+
+    for (const auto & command : commands) {
+        command_buffers.push_back(command.commands);
+        params_bufs.insert(params_bufs.end(), command.params_bufs.begin(), command.params_bufs.end());
+    }
+    ctx->queue.Submit(command_buffers.size(), command_buffers.data());
+
+    wgpu::Future p_f = ctx->queue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(
+        wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
+        [&param_buf_pool, params_bufs](wgpu::QueueWorkDoneStatus status, wgpu::StringView message) {
+            if (status != wgpu::QueueWorkDoneStatus::Success) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Failed to submit commands: %s\n", std::string(message).c_str());
+            }
+            // Free the staged buffers
+            param_buf_pool.free_bufs(params_bufs);
+        });
+    submission.submit_done = { p_f };
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    for (const auto & command : commands) {
+        auto label   = command.pipeline_name;
+        auto ts_bufs = command.timestamp_query_bufs;
+
+        wgpu::Future f = ts_bufs.host_buf.MapAsync(
+            wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, ts_bufs.host_buf.GetSize(), wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
+            [ctx, ts_bufs, label](wgpu::MapAsyncStatus status, wgpu::StringView message) {
+                if (status != wgpu::MapAsyncStatus::Success) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Failed to map timestamp buffer: %s\n", std::string(message).c_str());
+                } else {
+                    const uint64_t * ts_data    = (const uint64_t *) ts_bufs.host_buf.GetConstMappedRange();
+                    // WebGPU timestamps are in ns; convert to ms
+                    double           elapsed_ms = double(ts_data[1] - ts_data[0]) * 1e-6;
+                    ctx->shader_gpu_time_ms[label] += elapsed_ms;
+                }
+                // We can't unmap in here due to WebGPU reentrancy limitations.
+                ctx->timestamp_query_buf_pool.free_bufs({ ts_bufs });
+            });
+        submission.profile_futures.push_back({ f });
+    }
+#endif
+    return submission;
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_backend_webgpu_build_multi(
+    webgpu_global_context &                                ctx,
+    webgpu_buf_pool &                                      param_buf_pool,
+    const std::vector<webgpu_pipeline> &                   pipelines,
+    const std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> &             params_list,
+    const std::vector<std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry>> & bind_group_entries_list,
+    const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> &     workgroups_list) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipelines.size() == params_list.size());
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipelines.size() == bind_group_entries_list.size());
+    GGML_ASSERT(pipelines.size() == workgroups_list.size());
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::Buffer>    params_bufs_list;
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroup> bind_groups;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pipelines.size(); i++) {
+        wgpu::Buffer params_bufs = param_buf_pool.alloc_bufs();
+
+        std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries            = bind_group_entries_list[i];
+        uint32_t                          params_binding_num = entries.size();
+        entries.push_back(
+            { .binding = params_binding_num, .buffer = params_bufs, .offset = 0, .size = params_bufs.GetSize() });
+
+        wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor bind_group_desc;
+        bind_group_desc.layout     = pipelines[i].pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0);
+        bind_group_desc.entryCount = entries.size();
+        bind_group_desc.entries    = entries.data();
+        bind_group_desc.label      = pipelines[i].name.c_str();
+        bind_groups.push_back(ctx->device.CreateBindGroup(&bind_group_desc));
+
+        params_bufs_list.push_back(params_bufs);
+    }
+
+    wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = ctx->device.CreateCommandEncoder();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < params_bufs_list.size(); i++) {
+        ctx->queue.WriteBuffer(params_bufs_list[i], 0, params_list[i].data(), params_list[i].size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    }
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    webgpu_gpu_profile_bufs ts_bufs = ctx->timestamp_query_buf_pool.alloc_bufs();
+    if (ts_bufs.host_buf.GetMapState() == wgpu::BufferMapState::Mapped) {
+        ts_bufs.host_buf.Unmap();
+    }
+
+    wgpu::PassTimestampWrites   ts_writes = { .querySet                  = ts_bufs.query_set,
+                                              .beginningOfPassWriteIndex = 0,
+                                              .endOfPassWriteIndex       = 1 };
+    wgpu::ComputePassDescriptor pass_desc = { .timestampWrites = &ts_writes };
+    wgpu::ComputePassEncoder    pass      = encoder.BeginComputePass(&pass_desc);
+#else
+    wgpu::ComputePassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginComputePass();
+#endif
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pipelines.size(); i++) {
+        pass.SetPipeline(pipelines[i].pipeline);
+        pass.SetBindGroup(0, bind_groups[i]);
+        pass.DispatchWorkgroups(workgroups_list[i].first, workgroups_list[i].second, 1);
+    }
+    pass.End();
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    encoder.ResolveQuerySet(ts_bufs.query_set, 0, 2, ts_bufs.dev_buf, 0);
+    encoder.CopyBufferToBuffer(ts_bufs.dev_buf, 0, ts_bufs.host_buf, 0, ts_bufs.host_buf.GetSize());
+#endif
+
+    wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
+    webgpu_command      result   = {};
+    result.commands              = commands;
+    result.params_bufs           = params_bufs_list;
+    result.num_kernels           = pipelines.size();
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    result.timestamp_query_bufs = ts_bufs;
+    // TODO: handle multiple pipeline names
+    result.pipeline_name        = pipelines.front().name;
+#endif
+    return result;
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_backend_webgpu_build(webgpu_global_context &           ctx,
+                                                webgpu_buf_pool &                 param_buf_pool,
+                                                webgpu_pipeline &                 pipeline,
+                                                std::vector<uint32_t>             params,
+                                                std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> bind_group_entries,
+                                                uint32_t                          wg_x,
+                                                uint32_t                          wg_y = 1) {
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build_multi(ctx, param_buf_pool,
+                                           {
+                                               pipeline
+    },
+                                           { std::move(params) }, { std::move(bind_group_entries) },
+                                           { { wg_x, wg_y } });
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset(webgpu_global_context & ctx,
+                                              wgpu::Buffer &          buf,
+                                              uint32_t                value,
+                                              size_t                  offset,
+                                              size_t                  size) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t>             params  = { (uint32_t) offset, (uint32_t) size, value };
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0, .buffer = buf, .offset = 0, .size = buf.GetSize() }
+    };
+    size_t   bytes_per_wg = WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE * ctx->capabilities.memset_bytes_per_thread;
+    uint32_t wg_x         = CEIL_DIV(size + 3, bytes_per_wg);
+
+    webgpu_command command =
+        ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx, ctx->memset_buf_pool, ctx->memset_pipelines[0], params, entries, wg_x);
+    std::vector<webgpu_command>    commands = { command };
+    std::vector<webgpu_submission> sub      = { ggml_backend_webgpu_submit(ctx, commands, ctx->memset_buf_pool) };
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_wait(ctx, sub);
+}
+
+/** End WebGPU Actions */
+
+/** GGML Backend Interface */
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_webgpu_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_context *) backend->context;
+    return ctx->name.c_str();
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_context *) backend->context;
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_free(" << ctx->name << ")");
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE
+    std::cout << "\n[ggml_webgpu cpu profiling summary]\n";
+    double total_cpu = 0.0;
+    for (const auto & kv : ctx->webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->cpu_time_ms) {
+        total_cpu += kv.second;
+    }
+    std::cout << "ggml_webgpu: total cpu time: " << total_cpu << " ms\n";
+    std::cout << "ggml_webgpu: cpu breakdown:\n";
+    for (const auto & kv : ctx->webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->cpu_time_ms) {
+        double pct = (total_cpu > 0.0) ? (kv.second / total_cpu * 100.0) : 0.0;
+        std::cout << "ggml_webgpu:  " << kv.first << ": " << kv.second << " ms (" << pct << "%)\n";
+    }
+    if (ctx->webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->cpu_detail_ms.size() > 0) {
+        std::cout << "ggml_webgpu: cpu detailed breakdown:\n";
+    }
+    for (const auto & kv : ctx->webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->cpu_detail_ms) {
+        double pct = (total_cpu > 0.0) ? (kv.second / total_cpu * 100.0) : 0.0;
+        std::cout << "ggml_webgpu:  " << kv.first << ": " << kv.second << " ms (" << pct << "%)\n";
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    std::cout << "\n[ggml_webgpu gpu profiling summary]\n";
+    double total_gpu = 0.0;
+    for (const auto & kv : ctx->webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->shader_gpu_time_ms) {
+        total_gpu += kv.second;
+    }
+    std::cout << "ggml_webgpu: total gpu time (all shaders): " << total_gpu << " ms\n";
+    std::cout << "\nggml_webgpu: gpu breakdown:\n";
+    for (const auto & kv : ctx->webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->shader_gpu_time_ms) {
+        double pct = (total_gpu > 0.0) ? (kv.second / total_gpu * 100.0) : 0.0;
+        std::cout << "ggml_webgpu:  " << kv.first << ": " << kv.second << " ms (" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2)
+                  << pct << "%)\n";
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if defined(GGML_WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE) && defined(GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE)
+    std::cout << "ggml_webgpu: gpu/cpu ratio: " << (total_cpu > 0.0 ? total_gpu / total_cpu : 0.0) << "\n";
+#endif
+
+    delete ctx;
+    delete backend;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return webgpu_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs;
+}
+
+static wgpu::Buffer ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context *) tensor->buffer->context;
+    return ctx->buffer;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(webgpu_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    size_t offset = ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(t);
+    return offset & (ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(webgpu_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * t) {
+    size_t offset = ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(t);
+    return offset & ~(ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * t) {
+    return ROUNDUP_POW2(ggml_nbytes(t) + ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, t), WEBGPU_STORAGE_BUF_BINDING_MULT);
+}
+
+// Used to determine if two tensors are the same for in-place operations
+static bool ggml_webgpu_tensor_equal(ggml_tensor * a, ggml_tensor * b) {
+    return (ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(a).Get() == ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(b).Get()) &&
+           (ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(a) == ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(b));
+}
+
+// Used to determine if two tensors share the same buffer and their byte ranges overlap,
+static bool ggml_webgpu_tensor_overlap(ggml_tensor * a, ggml_tensor * b) {
+    return (ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(a).Get() == ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(b).Get()) &&
+           ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(a) < (ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(b) + ggml_nbytes(b)) &&
+           ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(b) < (ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(a) + ggml_nbytes(a));
+}
+
+struct binary_overlap_flags {
+    bool inplace;  // src0 == dst
+    bool overlap;  // src1 == dst
+    bool src_overlap;
+};
+
+static binary_overlap_flags ggml_webgpu_detect_binary_overlap(ggml_tensor * src0,
+                                                              ggml_tensor * src1,
+                                                              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    binary_overlap_flags flags = {};
+    flags.inplace              = ggml_webgpu_tensor_equal(src0, dst);
+    flags.overlap              = ggml_webgpu_tensor_overlap(src1, dst);
+    flags.src_overlap          = ggml_webgpu_tensor_overlap(src0, src1);
+
+    return flags;
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_cpy(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    uint32_t ne = (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        ne, (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        // Convert byte-strides to element-strides
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src->type)), (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)), (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)), (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)), (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        // Logical shapes
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[0], (uint32_t) src->ne[1], (uint32_t) src->ne[2], (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[1], (uint32_t) dst->ne[2]
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) }
+    };
+
+    uint32_t wg_x = CEIL_DIV(ne, WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, ctx->cpy_pipelines[src->type][dst->type],
+                                     params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_pad(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0 = src, .dst = dst, .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_pad_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+
+    auto * decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+    const uint32_t ne = (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        ne,
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        // Strides (in elements)
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        // Shapes
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[3],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[3],
+        // Pad sizes
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 2),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 3),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 4),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 5),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 6),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 7),
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) }
+    };
+
+    uint32_t wg_x = CEIL_DIV(ne, decisions->wg_size);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static std::optional<webgpu_command> ggml_webgpu_set_rows(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                                          ggml_tensor *    src,
+                                                          ggml_tensor *    idx,
+                                                          ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    // For set rows specifically, we need to check if src and idx are empty
+    // tensors.
+    if (ggml_is_empty(src) || ggml_is_empty(idx)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src,
+        .src1        = idx,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_set_rows_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+
+    auto * decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_set_rows_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, idx) / ggml_type_size(idx->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        // Convert byte-strides to element-strides
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)), (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)), (uint32_t) (idx->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(idx->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (idx->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(idx->type)), (uint32_t) (idx->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(idx->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)), (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        // Shape of src
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[0], (uint32_t) src->ne[1], (uint32_t) src->ne[2], (uint32_t) src->ne[3],
+        // Shape of idx
+        (uint32_t) (idx->ne[1]), (uint32_t) (idx->ne[2])
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(idx),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, idx),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, idx) },
+        { .binding = 2,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) }
+    };
+
+    if (decisions->i64_idx) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = 3,
+                            .buffer  = ctx->set_rows_dev_error_buf,
+                            .offset  = 0,
+                            .size    = ctx->set_rows_dev_error_buf.GetSize() });
+    }
+
+    uint32_t threads;
+    if (decisions->vec4) {
+        threads = (src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] * src->ne[3]) * (src->ne[0] / 4);
+    } else {
+        threads = src->ne[0] * src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] * src->ne[3];
+    }
+    uint32_t wg_x = CEIL_DIV(threads, decisions->wg_size);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x, 1);
+}
+
+// Workgroup size is a common constant
+static std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> ggml_webgpu_wg_size_entry(uint32_t wg_size) {
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants(1);
+    constants[0].key   = "wg_size";
+    constants[0].value = wg_size;
+    return constants;
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_get_rows(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                           ggml_tensor *    src,
+                                           ggml_tensor *    idx,
+                                           ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src,
+        .src1        = nullptr,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline  = ctx->shader_lib->get_get_rows_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    auto *          decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = { (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, idx) / ggml_type_size(idx->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (idx->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(idx->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (idx->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(idx->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (idx->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(idx->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
+                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
+                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
+                                     (uint32_t) dst->ne[3],
+                                     (uint32_t) (idx->ne[1]),
+                                     (uint32_t) (idx->ne[2]) };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(idx),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, idx),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, idx) },
+        { .binding = 2,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) }
+    };
+
+    uint32_t wg_x = CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[1] * dst->ne[2] * dst->ne[3], decisions->wg_size);
+
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_mul_mat(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                          ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                                          ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                                          ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    // Determine if this is a mat-vec operation
+    bool is_vec = (dst->ne[1] == 1);
+
+    // Determine if we should use fast path
+    bool use_fast = false;
+    switch (src1->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            use_fast = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            // TODO: implement better mat-mat for k-quants, mat-vec for all k-quants except q6_K
+            switch (src0->type) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+                    use_fast = true;
+                    break;
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+                    // we don't have fast mat-vec for these types, but we do have (semi) fast mat-mat
+                    use_fast = !is_vec;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0                     = src0,
+        .src1                     = src1,
+        .dst                      = dst,
+        .max_wg_size              = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+        .supports_subgroup_matrix = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.supports_subgroup_matrix,
+        .sg_mat_m                 = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_m,
+        .sg_mat_n                 = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_n,
+        .sg_mat_k                 = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_k,
+        .max_subgroup_size        = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.max_subgroup_size,
+    };
+
+    // Get or create pipeline
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline;
+
+    if (use_fast && is_vec) {
+        pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_mul_mat_vec_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    } else if (use_fast) {
+        pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_mul_mat_fast_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    } else {
+        pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_mul_mat_legacy_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    }
+
+    // Build params
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[3],
+        (uint32_t) (src1->ne[2] / src0->ne[2]),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->ne[3] / src0->ne[3])
+    };
+
+    // Build bind group entries
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src0),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src1),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src1),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src1) },
+        { .binding = 2,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst)  },
+    };
+
+    // Calculate workgroup dimensions
+    uint32_t       wg_x           = 1;
+    uint32_t       wg_y           = 1;
+    const uint32_t max_wg_per_dim = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension;
+
+    if (use_fast && is_vec) {
+        auto * decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+        uint32_t batches       = dst->ne[2] * dst->ne[3];
+        uint32_t output_groups = CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[0], decisions->outputs_per_wg);
+        uint32_t total_wg      = output_groups * batches;
+        compute_2d_workgroups(total_wg, max_wg_per_dim, wg_x, wg_y);
+    } else if (use_fast) {
+        auto * decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+        // Fast-path tiled/subgroup calculations
+        uint32_t wg_m;
+        uint32_t wg_n;
+        if (decisions->use_subgroup_matrix) {
+            uint32_t wg_m_sg_tile =
+                decisions->subgroup_m * decisions->subgroup_matrix_m * ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_m;
+            wg_m = CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[0], wg_m_sg_tile);
+            uint32_t wg_n_sg_tile =
+                decisions->subgroup_n * decisions->subgroup_matrix_n * ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_n;
+            wg_n = CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[1], wg_n_sg_tile);
+        } else {
+            uint32_t tile_m_s = decisions->tile_m * decisions->wg_size_m;
+            uint32_t tile_n_s = decisions->tile_n * decisions->wg_size_n;
+            wg_m              = CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[0], tile_m_s);
+            wg_n              = CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[1], tile_n_s);
+        }
+        uint32_t total_wg = wg_m * wg_n * dst->ne[2] * dst->ne[3];
+        compute_2d_workgroups(total_wg, max_wg_per_dim, wg_x, wg_y);
+
+    } else {  // legacy
+        auto *   decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+        uint32_t wg_size   = decisions->wg_size;
+        uint32_t total_wg  = CEIL_DIV(dst->ne[0] * dst->ne[1] * dst->ne[2] * dst->ne[3], wg_size);
+        compute_2d_workgroups(total_wg, max_wg_per_dim, wg_x, wg_y);
+    }
+
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x, wg_y);
+}
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_flash_attn(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                             ggml_tensor *    Q,
+                                             ggml_tensor *    K,
+                                             ggml_tensor *    V,
+                                             ggml_tensor *    mask,
+                                             ggml_tensor *    sinks,
+                                             ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    float scale = *(float *) dst->op_params;
+    float max_bias;
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    float logit_softcap;
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (float *) dst->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+    if (logit_softcap != 0.0f) {
+        scale /= logit_softcap;
+    }
+    float n_head_log2 = float(1u << (uint32_t) floor(log2(Q->ne[2])));
+    float m0          = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias) / n_head_log2);
+    float m1          = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+    const int has_mask  = (mask != nullptr);
+    const int has_sinks = (sinks != nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, Q) / ggml_type_size(Q->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, K) / ggml_type_size(K->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, V) / ggml_type_size(V->type)),
+        has_mask ? (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, mask) / ggml_type_size(mask->type)) : 0,
+        has_sinks ? (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, sinks) / ggml_type_size(sinks->type)) : 0,
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) Q->ne[2],                              // number of heads
+        (uint32_t) Q->ne[1],                              // sequence length (Q)
+        (uint32_t) K->ne[1],                              // sequence length (K/V)
+        (uint32_t) (Q->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(Q->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of Q in dimension 1
+        (uint32_t) (Q->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(Q->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of Q in dimension 2
+        (uint32_t) (Q->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(Q->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of Q in dimension 3
+        (uint32_t) (K->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(K->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of K in dimension 1
+        (uint32_t) (K->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(K->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of K in dimension 2
+        (uint32_t) (K->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(K->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of K in dimension 3
+        (uint32_t) (V->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(V->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of V in dimension 1
+        (uint32_t) (V->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(V->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of V in dimension 2
+        (uint32_t) (V->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(V->type)),  // stride (elements/blocks) of V in dimension 3
+        has_mask ? (uint32_t) (mask->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(mask->type)) : 0,  // stride of mask dim 3
+        (uint32_t) (Q->ne[2] / K->ne[2]),  // repeat factor for K/V in dim 2 (MHA/MQA/GQA)
+        *(uint32_t *) &scale,              // scale (possibly adjusted for logit softcap)
+        *(uint32_t *) &max_bias,
+        *(uint32_t *) &logit_softcap,
+        *(uint32_t *) &n_head_log2,
+        *(uint32_t *) &m0,
+        *(uint32_t *) &m1
+
+    };
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(Q),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, Q),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, Q) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(K),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, K),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, K) },
+        { .binding = 2,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(V),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, V),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, V) }
+    };
+    uint32_t binding_index = 3;
+    if (has_mask) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = binding_index++,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(mask),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, mask),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, mask) });
+    }
+    if (has_sinks) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = binding_index++,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(sinks),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, sinks),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, sinks) });
+    }
+    entries.push_back({ .binding = binding_index++,
+                        .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                        .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                        .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) });
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0               = Q,
+        .src1               = K,
+        .src2               = V,
+        .src3               = mask,
+        .src4               = sinks,
+        .dst                = dst,
+        .max_wg_size        = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+        .wg_mem_limit_bytes = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize,
+        .sg_mat_m           = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_m,
+        .sg_mat_n           = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_n,
+        .sg_mat_k           = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_k,
+        .max_subgroup_size  = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.max_subgroup_size,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_flash_attn_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+
+    auto * decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+    uint32_t wg_per_head = CEIL_DIV(Q->ne[1], decisions->q_tile);
+    uint32_t wg_x        = wg_per_head * Q->ne[2] * Q->ne[3];  // wg per head * number of heads * number of batches
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+#endif
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_unary_op(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    bool is_unary = dst->op == GGML_OP_UNARY;
+    bool inplace  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_equal(src, dst) || (dst->op == GGML_OP_FILL);
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src,
+        .src1        = nullptr,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+        .inplace     = inplace,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_unary_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+
+    auto * decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+    uint32_t ne = (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = { ne,
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) src->ne[0],
+                                     (uint32_t) src->ne[1],
+                                     (uint32_t) src->ne[2] };
+
+    ggml_tensor * effective_src = src;
+    if (is_unary) {
+        ggml_unary_op unary_op = ggml_get_unary_op(dst);
+        switch (unary_op) {
+            case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                {
+                    // Get float parameters and reinterpret their bit patterns as uint32_t
+                    // for passing through the params buffer
+                    float alpha_n = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 1);
+                    float alpha_p = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 2);
+                    float beta    = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 3);
+                    float eps     = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 4);
+                    params.push_back(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&alpha_n));
+                    params.push_back(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&alpha_p));
+                    params.push_back(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&beta));
+                    params.push_back(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&eps));
+                    break;
+                }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    } else if (dst->op == GGML_OP_CLAMP) {
+        float clamp_min = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0);
+        float clamp_max = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 1);
+        params.push_back(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&clamp_min));
+        params.push_back(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&clamp_max));
+    } else if (dst->op == GGML_OP_FILL) {
+        float fill_val = ggml_get_op_params_f32(dst, 0);
+        params.push_back(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&fill_val));
+        effective_src = dst;  // fill simply fills dst
+    }
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(effective_src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, effective_src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, effective_src) },
+    };
+    if (!inplace) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = 1,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) });
+    }
+
+    uint32_t wg_x = CEIL_DIV(ne, decisions->wg_size);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_binary_op(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                            ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                                            ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                                            ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    binary_overlap_flags flags = ggml_webgpu_detect_binary_overlap(src0, src1, dst);
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src0,
+        .src1        = src1,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+        .inplace     = flags.inplace,
+        .overlap     = flags.overlap,
+        .src_overlap = flags.src_overlap,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_binary_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+
+    auto * decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+    uint32_t ne = (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    size_t src0_webgpu_tensor_align_offset = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src0);
+    size_t src1_webgpu_tensor_align_offset = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src1);
+
+    uint32_t offset_merged_src0 = 0;
+    uint32_t offset_merged_src1 = 0;
+    if (flags.src_overlap) {
+        size_t min_off     = std::min(src0_webgpu_tensor_align_offset, src1_webgpu_tensor_align_offset);
+        offset_merged_src0 = (uint32_t) ((src0_webgpu_tensor_align_offset - min_off) / ggml_type_size(src0->type));
+        offset_merged_src1 = (uint32_t) ((src1_webgpu_tensor_align_offset - min_off) / ggml_type_size(src0->type));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        ne,
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        offset_merged_src0,
+        offset_merged_src1,
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) src1->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) src1->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src1->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) src1->ne[3],
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries;
+
+    if (flags.src_overlap) {
+        size_t merged_offset = std::min(src0_webgpu_tensor_align_offset, src1_webgpu_tensor_align_offset);
+        size_t merged_end    = std::max(src0_webgpu_tensor_align_offset + ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0),
+                                        src1_webgpu_tensor_align_offset + ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src1));
+        entries.push_back({
+            .binding = 0,
+            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+            .offset  = merged_offset,
+            .size    = merged_end - merged_offset,
+        });
+        entries.push_back({
+            .binding = 1,
+            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst),
+        });
+    } else {
+        entries.push_back({
+            .binding = 0,
+            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+            .offset  = src0_webgpu_tensor_align_offset,
+            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0),
+        });
+        entries.push_back({
+            .binding = 1,
+            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src1),
+            .offset  = src1_webgpu_tensor_align_offset,
+            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src1),
+        });
+        if (!flags.inplace && !flags.overlap) {
+            entries.push_back({
+                .binding = 2,
+                .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t wg_x = CEIL_DIV(ne, decisions->wg_size);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_concat(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                         ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                                         ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                                         ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    uint32_t ne  = (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst);
+    uint32_t dim = (uint32_t) dst->op_params[0];
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        ne,
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src1->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[3],
+        dim,
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[dim]
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src0),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src1),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src1),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src1) },
+        { .binding = 2,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst)  }
+    };
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src0,
+        .src1        = src1,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline  = ctx->shader_lib->get_concat_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    auto *          decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+    uint32_t        wg_x      = CEIL_DIV(ne, decisions->wg_size);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_repeat(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    uint32_t ne = (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = { ne,
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src0) /
+                                                 ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->nb[0] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->ne[0]),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->ne[1]),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->ne[2]),
+                                     (uint32_t) (src0->ne[3]),
+                                     (uint32_t) (dst->ne[0]),
+                                     (uint32_t) (dst->ne[1]),
+                                     (uint32_t) (dst->ne[2]) };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src0),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst)  }
+    };
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src0,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline  = ctx->shader_lib->get_repeat_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    auto *          decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+    uint32_t        wg_x      = CEIL_DIV(ne, decisions->wg_size);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_rms_norm(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    int inplace = ggml_webgpu_tensor_equal(src, dst);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[3],
+        *(uint32_t *) dst->op_params  // epsilon, treated as f32 in the shader
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) }
+    };
+    if (!inplace) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = 1,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) });
+    }
+
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, ctx->rms_norm_pipelines[inplace], params,
+                                     entries, ggml_nrows(src));
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_rope(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                       ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                                       ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                                       ggml_tensor *    src2,
+                                       ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    const int inplace         = ggml_webgpu_tensor_equal(src0, dst);
+    const int has_freq_factor = (src2 != nullptr);
+
+    const int n_dims     = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
+    const int mode       = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
+    const int n_ctx_orig = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[4];
+
+    float freq_base;
+    float freq_scale;
+    float ext_factor;
+    float attn_factor;
+    float beta_fast;
+    float beta_slow;
+    memcpy(&freq_base, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 5, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&freq_scale, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 6, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&ext_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&attn_factor, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 8, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_fast, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 9, sizeof(float));
+    memcpy(&beta_slow, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 10, sizeof(float));
+
+    int sections[4];
+    memcpy(sections, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 11, 4 * sizeof(int));
+
+    float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
+
+    float corr_dims[2];
+    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type)),
+        src2 != nullptr ? (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src2) / ggml_type_size(src2->type)) : 0,
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(src0) / 2,
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) n_dims,
+        (uint32_t) mode,
+        *(uint32_t *) &theta_scale,
+        *(uint32_t *) &attn_factor,
+        *(uint32_t *) &freq_scale,
+        *(uint32_t *) &ext_factor,
+        *(uint32_t *) &corr_dims[0],
+        *(uint32_t *) &corr_dims[1],
+        (uint32_t) sections[0],
+        (uint32_t) sections[1],
+        (uint32_t) sections[2],
+        (uint32_t) sections[3]
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src0),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src1),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src1),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src1) }
+    };
+    uint32_t dst_binding = 2;
+    if (has_freq_factor) {
+        dst_binding = 3;
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = 2,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src2),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src2),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src2) });
+    }
+    if (!inplace) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = dst_binding,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) });
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->rope_pipelines[dst->type][has_freq_factor][inplace];
+    uint32_t        wg_x     = CEIL_DIV(ggml_nelements(dst), WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_glu(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src0, ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const int split = (src1 != nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        src1 != nullptr ? (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) : 0,
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        src1 != nullptr ? (uint32_t) (src1->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) :
+                          (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        src1 != nullptr ? (uint32_t) (src1->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) :
+                          (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        src1 != nullptr ? (uint32_t) (src1->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) :
+                          (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst),
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) dst->ne[2],
+        (uint32_t) ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1],  // swapped
+        *(uint32_t *) &dst->op_params[2],            // alpha, for swiglu_oai
+        *(uint32_t *) &dst->op_params[3],            // limit, for swiglu_oai
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src0),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0) },
+    };
+    uint32_t dst_binding = 1;
+    if (split) {
+        dst_binding = 2;
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = 1,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src1),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src1),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src1) });
+    }
+    entries.push_back({ .binding = dst_binding,
+                        .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                        .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                        .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) });
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->glu_pipelines[ggml_get_glu_op(dst)][dst->type][split];
+    uint32_t        wg_x     = CEIL_DIV(ggml_nelements(dst), WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_scale(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    bool inplace = ggml_webgpu_tensor_equal(src, dst);
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src,
+        .src1        = nullptr,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+        .inplace     = inplace,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline  = ctx->shader_lib->get_scale_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    auto *          decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(pipeline.context.get());
+
+    // params unchanged
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst),
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src->ne[2],
+        *(uint32_t *) dst->op_params,     // scale
+        *(uint32_t *) &dst->op_params[1]  // bias
+    };
+
+    // bindgroups unchanged
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) }
+    };
+
+    if (!inplace) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = 1,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) });
+    }
+
+    uint32_t wg_x = CEIL_DIV(ggml_nelements(dst), decisions->wg_size);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_soft_max(webgpu_context & ctx,
+                                           ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                                           ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                                           ggml_tensor *    src2,
+                                           ggml_tensor *    dst) {
+    const int inplace   = ggml_webgpu_tensor_equal(src0, dst);
+    const int mask_type = (src1 != nullptr) ? src1->type : 2;  // use 2 for no mask here
+    const int has_sink  = (src2 != nullptr);
+    float     max_bias;
+    memcpy(&max_bias, (float *) dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+    float n_head_log2 = float(1u << (uint32_t) floor(log2(src0->ne[2])));
+    float m0          = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias) / n_head_log2);
+    float m1          = powf(2.0f, -(max_bias / 2.0f) / n_head_log2);
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = {
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src0) / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        mask_type < 2 ? (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src1) / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) : 0,
+        has_sink ? (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src2) / ggml_type_size(src2->type)) : 0,
+        (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (src0->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src0->type)),
+        mask_type < 2 ? (uint32_t) (src1->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) : 0,
+        mask_type < 2 ? (uint32_t) (src1->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) : 0,
+        mask_type < 2 ? (uint32_t) (src1->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src1->type)) : 0,
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) (dst->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+        (uint32_t) ggml_nelements(dst),
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[0],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[1],
+        (uint32_t) src0->ne[2],
+        mask_type < 2 ? (uint32_t) src1->ne[2] : 0,
+        mask_type < 2 ? (uint32_t) src1->ne[3] : 0,
+        *(uint32_t *) dst->op_params,  // scale
+        *(uint32_t *) &max_bias,
+        *(uint32_t *) &n_head_log2,
+        *(uint32_t *) &m0,
+        *(uint32_t *) &m1
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src0),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src0),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src0) }
+    };
+    uint32_t binding_num = 1;
+    if (mask_type < 2) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = binding_num,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src1),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src1),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src1) });
+        binding_num++;
+    }
+    if (has_sink) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = binding_num,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src2),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src2),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src2) });
+        binding_num++;
+    }
+    if (!inplace) {
+        entries.push_back({ .binding = binding_num,
+                            .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+                            .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+                            .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) });
+    }
+
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool,
+                                     ctx->soft_max_pipelines[mask_type][has_sink][inplace], params, entries,
+                                     ggml_nrows(dst));
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_argmax(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = { (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) src->ne[0] };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) }
+    };
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0 = src, .dst = dst, .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_argmax_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    uint32_t        wg_x     = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_argsort(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    bool is_top_k = dst->op == GGML_OP_TOP_K;
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0               = src,
+        .src1               = nullptr,
+        .dst                = dst,
+        .max_wg_size        = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+        .wg_mem_limit_bytes = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline argsort_pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_argsort_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    auto * argsort_decisions = static_cast<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions *>(argsort_pipeline.context.get());
+
+    webgpu_pipeline argsort_merge_pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_argsort_merge_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+
+    const uint32_t src_ne0 = (uint32_t) src->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t nrows   = (uint32_t) ggml_nrows(src);
+    const uint32_t npr     = CEIL_DIV(src_ne0, argsort_decisions->wg_size);
+    const uint32_t block_size =
+        is_top_k ? std::min(argsort_decisions->wg_size, (uint32_t) dst->ne[0]) : argsort_decisions->wg_size;
+    uint32_t out_ne0 = src_ne0;
+    if (is_top_k) {
+        if (npr > 1) {
+            const uint32_t last_tile = src_ne0 - (npr - 1) * argsort_decisions->wg_size;
+            out_ne0                  = (npr - 1) * block_size + std::min(last_tile, block_size);
+        } else {
+            out_ne0 = block_size;
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t merge_len    = block_size;
+    uint32_t merge_passes = 0;
+    while (merge_len < out_ne0) {
+        merge_len <<= 1;
+        merge_passes++;
+    }
+
+    const bool start_in_tmp = (merge_passes % 2) == 1;
+
+    const size_t dst_offset = ggml_webgpu_tensor_offset(dst);
+    const size_t idx_nbytes = out_ne0 * ggml_nrows(dst) * sizeof(int32_t);
+    const size_t tmp_offset =
+        ROUNDUP_POW2(dst_offset + idx_nbytes, ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
+    const size_t tmp_binding_size = ROUNDUP_POW2(idx_nbytes, WEBGPU_STORAGE_BUF_BINDING_MULT);
+    const size_t dst_binding_size =
+        ROUNDUP_POW2(idx_nbytes + ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst), WEBGPU_STORAGE_BUF_BINDING_MULT);
+
+    const uint32_t offset_src  = (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type));
+    const uint32_t offset_dst  = (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type));
+    const uint32_t offset_tmp  = 0;
+    const uint32_t stride_src1 = (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type));
+    const uint32_t stride_src2 = (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type));
+    const uint32_t stride_src3 = (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type));
+    const uint32_t stride_idx1 = out_ne0;
+    const uint32_t stride_idx2 = out_ne0 * (uint32_t) dst->ne[1];
+    const uint32_t stride_idx3 = stride_idx2 * (uint32_t) dst->ne[2];
+
+    std::vector<webgpu_pipeline>                   pipelines;
+    std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>>             params_list;
+    std::vector<std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry>> entries_list;
+    std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>>     workgroups_list;
+
+    const uint32_t init_offset       = start_in_tmp ? offset_tmp : offset_dst;
+    const size_t   init_align_offset = start_in_tmp ? tmp_offset : ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst);
+    const size_t   init_binding_size = start_in_tmp ? tmp_binding_size : dst_binding_size;
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> init_params = {
+        offset_src,  init_offset, stride_src1, stride_src2,           stride_src3,           stride_idx1,
+        stride_idx2, stride_idx3, src_ne0,     (uint32_t) src->ne[1], (uint32_t) src->ne[2], out_ne0,
+        block_size,  npr,         nrows
+    };
+
+    const uint32_t                    total_wg_init = npr * nrows;
+    const uint32_t                    max_wg    = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension;
+    const uint32_t                    wg_x_init = std::min(total_wg_init, max_wg);
+    const uint32_t                    wg_y_init = CEIL_DIV(total_wg_init, wg_x_init);
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> init_entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1, .buffer = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst), .offset = init_align_offset, .size = init_binding_size }
+    };
+
+    pipelines.push_back(argsort_pipeline);
+    params_list.push_back(std::move(init_params));
+    entries_list.push_back(std::move(init_entries));
+    workgroups_list.push_back({ wg_x_init, wg_y_init });
+
+    if (merge_passes == 0) {
+        return ggml_backend_webgpu_build_multi(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipelines, params_list,
+                                               entries_list, workgroups_list);
+    }
+
+    bool     in_is_tmp = start_in_tmp;
+    uint32_t len       = block_size;
+    while (len < out_ne0) {
+        const uint32_t nm = CEIL_DIV(out_ne0, 2 * len);
+
+        const bool     out_is_tmp  = !in_is_tmp;
+        const uint32_t offset_in   = in_is_tmp ? offset_tmp : offset_dst;
+        const uint32_t offset_out  = out_is_tmp ? offset_tmp : offset_dst;
+        const size_t   align_in    = in_is_tmp ? tmp_offset : ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst);
+        const size_t   align_out   = out_is_tmp ? tmp_offset : ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst);
+        const size_t   size_in     = in_is_tmp ? tmp_binding_size : dst_binding_size;
+        const size_t   size_out    = out_is_tmp ? tmp_binding_size : dst_binding_size;
+        const uint32_t top_k_out   = (is_top_k && nm == 1) ? (uint32_t) dst->ne[0] : out_ne0;
+        const uint32_t stride_out1 = top_k_out;
+        const uint32_t stride_out2 = top_k_out * (uint32_t) dst->ne[1];
+        const uint32_t stride_out3 = stride_out2 * (uint32_t) dst->ne[2];
+
+        std::vector<uint32_t> merge_params = { offset_src,
+                                               offset_in,
+                                               offset_out,
+                                               stride_src1,
+                                               stride_src2,
+                                               stride_src3,
+                                               stride_idx1,
+                                               stride_idx2,
+                                               stride_idx3,
+                                               stride_out1,
+                                               stride_out2,
+                                               stride_out3,
+                                               out_ne0,
+                                               (uint32_t) src->ne[1],
+                                               (uint32_t) src->ne[2],
+                                               top_k_out,
+                                               len,
+                                               nm,
+                                               nrows };
+
+        std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> merge_entries = {
+            { .binding = 0,
+             .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+             .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+             .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+            { .binding = 1, .buffer = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst), .offset = align_in, .size = size_in },
+            { .binding = 2, .buffer = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst), .offset = align_out, .size = size_out }
+        };
+
+        const uint32_t total_wg_merge = nm * nrows;
+        const uint32_t wg_x_merge     = std::min(total_wg_merge, max_wg);
+        const uint32_t wg_y_merge     = CEIL_DIV(total_wg_merge, wg_x_merge);
+        workgroups_list.push_back({ wg_x_merge, wg_y_merge });
+        pipelines.push_back(argsort_merge_pipeline);
+        params_list.push_back(std::move(merge_params));
+        entries_list.push_back(std::move(merge_entries));
+
+        len <<= 1;
+        in_is_tmp = !in_is_tmp;
+    }
+
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build_multi(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipelines, params_list, entries_list,
+                                           workgroups_list);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_cumsum(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = { (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) src->ne[0] };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) }
+    };
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0        = src,
+        .src1        = nullptr,
+        .dst         = dst,
+        .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup,
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_cumsum_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+    uint32_t        wg_x     = ggml_nrows(dst);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+static webgpu_command ggml_webgpu_sum_rows(webgpu_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * src, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    bool                  total_sum = dst->op == GGML_OP_SUM;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> params = { (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, src) / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     (uint32_t) (ggml_webgpu_tensor_misalignment(ctx, dst) / ggml_type_size(dst->type)),
+                                     total_sum ? 0 : (uint32_t) (src->nb[1] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     total_sum ? 0 : (uint32_t) (src->nb[2] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     total_sum ? 0 : (uint32_t) (src->nb[3] / ggml_type_size(src->type)),
+                                     total_sum ? static_cast<uint32_t>(ggml_nelements(src)) : (uint32_t) src->ne[0],
+                                     total_sum ? 1 : (uint32_t) src->ne[1],
+                                     total_sum ? 1 : (uint32_t) src->ne[2] };
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries = {
+        { .binding = 0,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(src),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, src),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, src) },
+        { .binding = 1,
+         .buffer  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_buf(dst),
+         .offset  = ggml_webgpu_tensor_align_offset(ctx, dst),
+         .size    = ggml_webgpu_tensor_binding_size(ctx, dst) }
+    };
+
+    ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context shader_lib_ctx = {
+        .src0 = src, .dst = dst, .max_wg_size = ctx->global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup
+    };
+
+    webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ctx->shader_lib->get_sum_rows_pipeline(shader_lib_ctx);
+
+    uint32_t wg_x = total_sum ? 1 : ggml_nrows(dst);
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_build(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->param_buf_pool, pipeline, params, entries, wg_x);
+}
+
+// Returns the encoded command, or std::nullopt if the operation is a no-op
+static std::optional<webgpu_command> ggml_webgpu_encode_node(webgpu_context ctx, ggml_tensor * node) {
+    if (ggml_is_empty(node)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_webgpu_encode_node(" << node << ", " << ggml_op_name(node->op) << ")");
+
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = node->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = node->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * src2 = node->src[2];
+
+    switch (node->op) {
+            // no-ops
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+            return std::nullopt;
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            return ggml_webgpu_cpy(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            return ggml_webgpu_set_rows(ctx, src0, src1, node);
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            return ggml_webgpu_get_rows(ctx, src0, src1, node);
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            return ggml_webgpu_mul_mat(ctx, src0, src1, node);
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+            return ggml_webgpu_flash_attn(ctx, src0, src1, src2, node->src[3], node->src[4], node);
+#else
+            return std::nullopt;
+#endif
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+            return ggml_webgpu_binary_op(ctx, src0, src1, node);
+        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
+            return ggml_webgpu_concat(ctx, src0, src1, node);
+        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
+            return ggml_webgpu_repeat(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            return ggml_webgpu_rms_norm(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            return ggml_webgpu_rope(ctx, src0, src1, src2, node);
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            return ggml_webgpu_glu(ctx, src0, src1, node);
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            return ggml_webgpu_scale(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+            return ggml_webgpu_soft_max(ctx, src0, src1, src2, node);
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+        case GGML_OP_LOG:
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+        case GGML_OP_SIN:
+        case GGML_OP_COS:
+            return ggml_webgpu_unary_op(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            return ggml_webgpu_pad(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
+            return ggml_webgpu_argmax(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            // we reuse the same argsort implementation for top_k
+            return ggml_webgpu_argsort(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            return ggml_webgpu_cumsum(ctx, src0, node);
+        case GGML_OP_SUM:
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+            return ggml_webgpu_sum_rows(ctx, src0, node);
+        default:
+            return std::nullopt;
+    }
+}
+
+static ggml_status ggml_backend_webgpu_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_graph_compute(" << cgraph->n_nodes << " nodes)");
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_context * backend_ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_context *) backend->context;
+    webgpu_context                ctx         = backend_ctx->webgpu_ctx;
+
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(graph_compute);
+
+    std::vector<webgpu_command>    commands;
+    std::vector<webgpu_submission> subs;
+    uint32_t                       num_batched_kernels = 0;
+    bool                           contains_set_rows   = false;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        if (cgraph->nodes[i]->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS) {
+            contains_set_rows = true;
+        }
+        if (auto cmd = ggml_webgpu_encode_node(ctx, cgraph->nodes[i])) {
+            commands.push_back(*cmd);
+            num_batched_kernels += cmd.value().num_kernels;
+        }
+
+        if (num_batched_kernels >= WEBGPU_COMMAND_SUBMIT_BATCH_SIZE) {
+            num_batched_kernels = 0;
+            subs.push_back(ggml_backend_webgpu_submit(ctx->global_ctx, commands, ctx->param_buf_pool));
+            // Process events and check for completed submissions
+            ctx->global_ctx->instance.ProcessEvents();
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_wait(ctx->global_ctx, subs, false);
+            commands.clear();
+        }
+    }
+    if (!commands.empty()) {
+        subs.push_back(ggml_backend_webgpu_submit(ctx->global_ctx, commands, ctx->param_buf_pool));
+        commands.clear();
+    }
+
+    // If there are SET_ROWS operations in this graph, copy the error buffers to the host for checking.
+    if (contains_set_rows) {
+        wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = ctx->global_ctx->device.CreateCommandEncoder();
+        encoder.CopyBufferToBuffer(ctx->set_rows_dev_error_buf, 0, ctx->set_rows_host_error_buf, 0,
+                                   ctx->set_rows_host_error_buf.GetSize());
+        wgpu::CommandBuffer set_rows_commands = encoder.Finish();
+        ctx->global_ctx->queue.Submit(1, &set_rows_commands);
+        ggml_backend_webgpu_map_buffer(ctx->global_ctx, ctx->set_rows_host_error_buf, wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0,
+                                       ctx->set_rows_host_error_buf.GetSize());
+        const uint32_t * error_data = (const uint32_t *) ctx->set_rows_host_error_buf.GetConstMappedRange();
+        if (*error_data) {
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml_webgpu: SET_ROWS index > 2^32, unsupported.");
+        }
+        ctx->set_rows_host_error_buf.Unmap();
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_wait(ctx->global_ctx, subs);
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(graph_compute, ctx->global_ctx);
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_webgpu_i = {
+    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_name,
+    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
+};
+
+/* End GGML Backend Interface */
+
+/* GGML Backend Buffer Interface */
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context *>(buffer->context);
+    if (ctx != nullptr && ctx->buffer != nullptr) {
+        ctx->buffer.Destroy();
+        delete ctx;
+    }
+}
+
+// Returns the "fake" base pointer.
+static void * ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+    return webgpu_ptr_base;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                     ggml_tensor *         tensor,
+                                                     uint8_t               value,
+                                                     size_t                offset,
+                                                     size_t                size) {
+    if (size == 0) {
+        WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG(
+            "ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset_tensor: size is zero, "
+            "nothing to do.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(memset_tensor);
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset_tensor(" << buf_ctx->label << ", " << tensor << ", " << value
+                                                                 << ", " << offset << ", " << size << ")");
+
+    size_t total_offset = webgpu_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset;
+
+    // This is a trick to set all bytes of a u32 to the same 1 byte value.
+    uint32_t val32 = (uint32_t) value * 0x01010101;
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset(buf_ctx->global_ctx, buf_ctx->buffer, val32, total_offset, size);
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(memset_tensor, buf_ctx->global_ctx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                  ggml_tensor *         tensor,
+                                                  const void *          data,
+                                                  size_t                offset,
+                                                  size_t                size) {
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(set_tensor);
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_set_tensor(" << buf_ctx->label << ", " << tensor << ", " << data
+                                                              << ", " << offset << ", " << size << ")");
+
+    size_t total_offset = webgpu_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset;
+
+    buf_ctx->global_ctx->queue.WriteBuffer(buf_ctx->buffer, total_offset, data, (size / 4) * 4);
+
+    if (size % 4 != 0) {
+        // If size is not a multiple of 4, we need to memset the remaining bytes
+        size_t remaining_size = size % 4;
+
+        // pack the remaining bytes into a uint32_t
+        uint32_t val32 = 0;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < remaining_size; i++) {
+            ((uint8_t *) &val32)[i] = ((const uint8_t *) data)[size - remaining_size + i];
+        }
+        // memset the remaining bytes
+        ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset(buf_ctx->global_ctx, buf_ctx->buffer, val32,
+                                          total_offset + (size - remaining_size), remaining_size);
+    } else {
+        // wait for WriteBuffer to complete
+        buf_ctx->global_ctx->instance.WaitAny(buf_ctx->global_ctx->queue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(
+                                                  wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
+                                                  [](wgpu::QueueWorkDoneStatus status, wgpu::StringView message) {
+                                                      if (status != wgpu::QueueWorkDoneStatus::Success) {
+                                                          GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Failed to submit commands: %s\n",
+                                                                         std::string(message).c_str());
+                                                      }
+                                                  }),
+                                              UINT64_MAX);
+    }
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(set_tensor, buf_ctx->global_ctx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
+                                                  const ggml_tensor *   tensor,
+                                                  void *                data,
+                                                  size_t                offset,
+                                                  size_t                size) {
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(get_tensor);
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_get_tensor(" << buf_ctx->label << ", " << tensor << ", " << data
+                                                              << ", " << offset << ", " << size << ")");
+    wgpu::Device device = buf_ctx->global_ctx->device;
+
+    size_t total_offset = webgpu_tensor_offset(tensor) + tensor->view_offs + offset;
+
+    size_t final_size = size;
+    if (size % 4 != 0) {
+        // If size is not a multiple of 4, we need to round it up to the next
+        // multiple of 4
+        final_size = size + (4 - (size % 4));
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(buf_ctx->global_ctx->mutex);
+
+    if (buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf == nullptr ||
+        buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf.GetSize() < final_size) {
+        // Create a new staging buffer if it doesn't exist or is too small
+        if (buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf) {
+            buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf.Destroy();
+        }
+        ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(device, buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf, final_size,
+                                  wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead, "get_tensor_staging_buf");
+    }
+
+    // Copy the data from the buffer to the staging buffer
+    wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();
+    encoder.CopyBufferToBuffer(buf_ctx->buffer, total_offset, buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf, 0,
+                               final_size);
+    wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
+
+    // Submit the command buffer to the queue
+    buf_ctx->global_ctx->queue.Submit(1, &commands);
+
+    // Map the staging buffer to read the data
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_map_buffer(buf_ctx->global_ctx, buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf,
+                                   wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, final_size);
+    // Must specify size here since the staging buffer might be larger than the tensor size
+    const void * mapped_range = buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf.GetConstMappedRange(0, final_size);
+
+    // Copy the data from the mapped range to the output buffer
+    std::memcpy(data, mapped_range, size);
+    buf_ctx->global_ctx->get_tensor_staging_buf.Unmap();
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(get_tensor, buf_ctx->global_ctx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_clear(" << buffer << ", " << (uint32_t) value << ")");
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(clear);
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context * buf_ctx = (ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset(buf_ctx->global_ctx, buf_ctx->buffer, value, 0, buffer->size);
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(clear, buf_ctx->global_ctx);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_interface = {
+    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,  // TODO: optional, needed?
+    /* .memset_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_memset_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ NULL,  // TODO: optional, implement this
+    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_clear,
+    /* .reset           = */ NULL,  // TODO: optional, think it coordinates with
+                                    // .init_tensor
+};
+
+/* End GGML Backend Buffer Interface */
+
+/* GGML Backend Buffer Type Interface */
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(buft->device->context);
+    return ctx->device_name.c_str();
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                                          size_t                     size) {
+    static std::atomic<int> buffer_count;
+    int                     buffer_id = buffer_count++;
+    std::string             buf_name  = "tensor_buf" + std::to_string(buffer_id);
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_alloc_buffer_" << buffer_id << ": " << size << " bytes");
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(buft->device->context);
+    wgpu::Buffer                         buf;
+    ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->device, buf, ROUNDUP_POW2(size, WEBGPU_STORAGE_BUF_BINDING_MULT),
+                              wgpu::BufferUsage::Storage | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst,
+                              buf_name.c_str());
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context * buf_ctx =
+        new ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_context(buf, buf_name, ctx->webgpu_global_ctx);
+
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_interface, buf_ctx, size);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * dev_ctx =
+        static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(buft->device->context);
+    return dev_ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
+}
+
+// maxBufferSize might be larger, but you can't bind more than
+// maxStorageBufferBindingSize to a single binding.
+static size_t ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * dev_ctx =
+        static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(buft->device->context);
+    return dev_ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft,
+                                                             const ggml_tensor *        tensor) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(buft->device->context);
+    size_t                               res = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+    switch (tensor->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            res = ROUNDUP_POW2(res * 2 + ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment,
+                               WEBGPU_STORAGE_BUF_BINDING_MULT);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            {
+                const ggml_tensor * src0 = tensor->src[0];
+                if (src0) {
+                    const size_t full = sizeof(int32_t) * ggml_nelements(src0);
+                    res               = ROUNDUP_POW2(
+                        full * 2 + ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment,
+                        WEBGPU_STORAGE_BUF_BINDING_MULT);
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+/* End GGML Backend Buffer Type Interface */
+
+/* GGML Backend Device Interface */
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(dev->context);
+    return ctx->device_name.c_str();
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(dev->context);
+    return ctx->device_desc.c_str();
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(dev->context);
+    // TODO: for now, return maxBufferSize as both free and total memory
+    // Track https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/5505 for updates.
+    uint64_t                             max_buffer_size = ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxBufferSize;
+    // If we're on a 32-bit system, clamp to UINTPTR_MAX
+#if UINTPTR_MAX < UINT64_MAX
+    uint64_t max_ptr_size = static_cast<uint64_t>(UINTPTR_MAX);
+    if (max_buffer_size > max_ptr_size) {
+        max_buffer_size = max_ptr_size;
+    }
+#endif
+    *free  = static_cast<size_t>(max_buffer_size);
+    *total = static_cast<size_t>(max_buffer_size);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name        = ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type        = ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_type(dev);
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+    props->caps = {
+        /* .async                 = */ false,
+        /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
+        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr  = */ false,
+        /* .events                = */ false,
+    };
+}
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_webgpu_guid(void) {
+    static const char * guid_str = "__ggml_webgpu :)";
+    return reinterpret_cast<ggml_guid_t>((void *) guid_str);
+}
+
+static void ggml_webgpu_init_memset_pipeline(webgpu_global_context & ctx) {
+    // we use the maximum workgroup size for the memset pipeline
+    size_t max_threads = WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE * ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension;
+    // Size the bytes_per_thread so that the largest buffer size can be handled
+    ctx->capabilities.memset_bytes_per_thread =
+        CEIL_DIV(ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize, max_threads);
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants(2);
+    constants[0].key         = "wg_size";
+    constants[0].value       = WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE;
+    constants[1].key         = "bytes_per_thread";
+    constants[1].value       = ctx->capabilities.memset_bytes_per_thread;
+    ctx->memset_pipelines[0] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(ctx->device, wgsl_memset, "memset", constants);
+}
+
+static void ggml_webgpu_init_cpy_pipeline(webgpu_context & webgpu_ctx) {
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants = ggml_webgpu_wg_size_entry(WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE);
+
+    webgpu_ctx->cpy_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F32][GGML_TYPE_F32] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_cpy_f32_f32, "cpy_f32_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->cpy_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F32][GGML_TYPE_I32] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_cpy_f32_i32, "cpy_f32_i32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->cpy_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F32][GGML_TYPE_F16] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_cpy_f32_f16, "cpy_f32_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->cpy_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F16][GGML_TYPE_F32] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_cpy_f16_f32, "cpy_f16_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->cpy_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F16][GGML_TYPE_F16] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_cpy_f16_f16, "cpy_f16_f16", constants);
+}
+
+static void ggml_webgpu_init_rms_norm_pipeline(webgpu_context & webgpu_ctx) {
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants = ggml_webgpu_wg_size_entry(WEBGPU_ROW_SPLIT_WG_SIZE);
+
+    webgpu_ctx->rms_norm_pipelines[0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rms_norm, "rms_norm", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->rms_norm_pipelines[1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rms_norm_inplace, "rms_norm_inplace", constants);
+}
+
+static void ggml_webgpu_init_rope_pipeline(webgpu_context & webgpu_ctx) {
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants = ggml_webgpu_wg_size_entry(WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE);
+
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F32][0][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f32, "rope_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F32][0][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f32_inplace, "rope_f32_inplace", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F32][1][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f32_ff, "rope_f32_ff", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F32][1][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f32_ff_inplace, "rope_f32_ff_inplace", constants);
+
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F16][0][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f16, "rope_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F16][0][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f16_inplace, "rope_f16_inplace", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F16][1][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f16_ff, "rope_f16_ff", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->rope_pipelines[GGML_TYPE_F16][1][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_rope_f16_ff_inplace, "rope_f16_ff_inplace", constants);
+}
+
+static void ggml_webgpu_init_glu_pipeline(webgpu_context & webgpu_ctx) {
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants = ggml_webgpu_wg_size_entry(WEBGPU_MAX_WG_SIZE);
+
+    // REGLU
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU][GGML_TYPE_F32][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_reglu_f32, "reglu_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU][GGML_TYPE_F16][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_reglu_f16, "reglu_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU][GGML_TYPE_F32][1] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_reglu_f32_split, "reglu_f32_split", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU][GGML_TYPE_F16][1] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_reglu_f16_split, "reglu_f16_split", constants);
+
+    // GEGLU
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU][GGML_TYPE_F32][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_f32, "geglu_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU][GGML_TYPE_F16][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_f16, "geglu_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU][GGML_TYPE_F32][1] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_f32_split, "geglu_f32_split", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU][GGML_TYPE_F16][1] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_f16_split, "geglu_f16_split", constants);
+
+    // SWIGLU
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU][GGML_TYPE_F32][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_swiglu_f32, "swiglu_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU][GGML_TYPE_F16][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_swiglu_f16, "swiglu_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU][GGML_TYPE_F32][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_swiglu_f32_split, "swiglu_f32_split", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU][GGML_TYPE_F16][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_swiglu_f16_split, "swiglu_f16_split", constants);
+
+    // SWIGLU_OAI
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI][GGML_TYPE_F32][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_swiglu_oai_f32, "swiglu_oai_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI][GGML_TYPE_F32][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_swiglu_oai_f32_split, "swiglu_oai_f32_split", constants);
+
+    // GEGLU_ERF
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF][GGML_TYPE_F32][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_erf_f32, "geglu_erf_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF][GGML_TYPE_F16][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_erf_f16, "geglu_erf_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF][GGML_TYPE_F32][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_erf_f32_split, "geglu_erf_f32_split", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF][GGML_TYPE_F16][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_erf_f16_split, "geglu_erf_f16_split", constants);
+
+    // GEGLU_QUICK
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK][GGML_TYPE_F32][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_quick_f32, "geglu_quick_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK][GGML_TYPE_F16][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_quick_f16, "geglu_quick_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK][GGML_TYPE_F32][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_quick_f32_split, "geglu_quick_f32_split", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->glu_pipelines[GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK][GGML_TYPE_F16][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_geglu_quick_f16_split, "geglu_quick_f16_split", constants);
+}
+
+static void ggml_webgpu_init_soft_max_pipeline(webgpu_context & webgpu_ctx) {
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants = ggml_webgpu_wg_size_entry(WEBGPU_ROW_SPLIT_WG_SIZE);
+
+    // f32 (no mask)
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[2][0][0] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32, "soft_max_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[2][0][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_inplace, "soft_max_f32_inplace", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[2][1][0] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_sink, "soft_max_f32_sink", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[2][1][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_sink_inplace, "soft_max_f32_sink_inplace", constants);
+
+    // f32 mask (mask_type = 0)
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[0][0][0] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f32, "soft_max_f32_mask_f32", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[0][0][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f32_inplace, "soft_max_f32_mask_f32_inplace", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[0][1][0] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f32_sink, "soft_max_f32_mask_f32_sink", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[0][1][1] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f32_sink_inplace,
+                                    "soft_max_f32_mask_f32_sink_inplace", constants);
+
+    // f16 mask (mask_type = 1)
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[1][0][0] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f16, "soft_max_f32_mask_f16", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[1][0][1] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f16_inplace, "soft_max_f32_mask_f16_inplace", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[1][1][0] = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(
+        webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f16_sink, "soft_max_f32_mask_f16_sink", constants);
+    webgpu_ctx->soft_max_pipelines[1][1][1] =
+        ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, wgsl_soft_max_f32_mask_f16_sink_inplace,
+                                    "soft_max_f32_mask_f16_sink_inplace", constants);
+}
+
+static bool create_webgpu_device(ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context * ctx) {
+    wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions options = {};
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    // TODO: track need for these toggles: https://issues.chromium.org/issues/42251215
+    const char * const          adapterEnabledToggles[] = { "vulkan_enable_f16_on_nvidia", "use_vulkan_memory_model" };
+    wgpu::DawnTogglesDescriptor adapterTogglesDesc;
+    adapterTogglesDesc.enabledToggles     = adapterEnabledToggles;
+    adapterTogglesDesc.enabledToggleCount = 2;
+    options.nextInChain                   = &adapterTogglesDesc;
+#endif
+
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->instance.WaitAny(
+        ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->instance.RequestAdapter(
+            &options, wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
+            [&ctx](wgpu::RequestAdapterStatus status, wgpu::Adapter adapter, const char * message) {
+                if (status != wgpu::RequestAdapterStatus::Success) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Failed to get an adapter: %s\n", message);
+                    return;
+                }
+                ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter = std::move(adapter);
+            }),
+        UINT64_MAX);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter != nullptr);
+
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter.GetLimits(&ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits);
+
+    wgpu::AdapterInfo info{};
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    wgpu::AdapterPropertiesSubgroupMatrixConfigs subgroup_matrix_configs{};
+    if (ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter.HasFeature(wgpu::FeatureName::ChromiumExperimentalSubgroupMatrix)) {
+        info.nextInChain = &subgroup_matrix_configs;
+    }
+#endif
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter.GetInfo(&info);
+    wgpu::SupportedFeatures features;
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter.GetFeatures(&features);
+    // we require f16 support
+    GGML_ASSERT(ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter.HasFeature(wgpu::FeatureName::ShaderF16));
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    // Only support square f16 matrices of size 8 or 16 for now
+    bool valid_subgroup_matrix_config = false;
+    if (ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter.HasFeature(wgpu::FeatureName::ChromiumExperimentalSubgroupMatrix)) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < subgroup_matrix_configs.configCount; i++) {
+            const wgpu::SubgroupMatrixConfig config = subgroup_matrix_configs.configs[i];
+            if (config.M == config.N && config.N == config.K && (config.K == 8 || config.K == 16) &&
+                config.componentType == wgpu::SubgroupMatrixComponentType::F16 &&
+                config.resultComponentType == wgpu::SubgroupMatrixComponentType::F16) {
+                ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_m = config.M;
+                ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_n = config.N;
+                ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_k = config.K;
+                valid_subgroup_matrix_config                  = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.supports_subgroup_matrix = valid_subgroup_matrix_config;
+#endif
+
+    // For subgroup matrix code to be the most efficient, we would like the subgroup size to be consistent and accurate.
+    // Unfortunately, that is not possible, so we use the maximum subgroup size reported by the adapter.
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.max_subgroup_size = info.subgroupMaxSize;
+    // Initialize device
+    std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> required_features       = { wgpu::FeatureName::ShaderF16 };
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    required_features.push_back(wgpu::FeatureName::ImplicitDeviceSynchronization);
+    if (ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.supports_subgroup_matrix) {
+        required_features.push_back(wgpu::FeatureName::Subgroups);
+        required_features.push_back(wgpu::FeatureName::ChromiumExperimentalSubgroupMatrix);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    required_features.push_back(wgpu::FeatureName::TimestampQuery);
+#endif
+
+    wgpu::DeviceDescriptor dev_desc;
+    dev_desc.requiredLimits       = &ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits;
+    dev_desc.requiredFeatures     = required_features.data();
+    dev_desc.requiredFeatureCount = required_features.size();
+    dev_desc.SetDeviceLostCallback(
+        wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
+        [](const wgpu::Device & device, wgpu::DeviceLostReason reason, wgpu::StringView message) {
+            if (reason == wgpu::DeviceLostReason::Destroyed) {
+                return;
+            }
+            GGML_UNUSED(device);
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Device lost! Reason: %d, Message: %s\n", static_cast<int>(reason),
+                           std::string(message).c_str());
+        });
+    dev_desc.SetUncapturedErrorCallback(
+        [](const wgpu::Device & device, wgpu::ErrorType reason, wgpu::StringView message) {
+            GGML_UNUSED(device);
+            GGML_ABORT("ggml_webgpu: Device error! Reason: %d, Message: %s\n", static_cast<int>(reason),
+                       std::string(message).c_str());
+        });
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    // Enable Dawn-specific toggles to increase native performance
+    // TODO: Maybe WebGPU needs a "fast" mode where you can request compilers skip adding checks like these,
+    //       only for native performance?
+    const char * const deviceEnabledToggles[]  = { "skip_validation", "disable_robustness", "disable_workgroup_init",
+                                                   "disable_polyfills_on_integer_div_and_mod" };
+    const char * const deviceDisabledToggles[] = { "timestamp_quantization" };
+    wgpu::DawnTogglesDescriptor deviceTogglesDesc;
+    deviceTogglesDesc.enabledToggles      = deviceEnabledToggles;
+    deviceTogglesDesc.enabledToggleCount  = 4;
+    deviceTogglesDesc.disabledToggles     = deviceDisabledToggles;
+    deviceTogglesDesc.disabledToggleCount = 1;
+
+    dev_desc.nextInChain = &deviceTogglesDesc;
+#endif
+
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->instance.WaitAny(
+        ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->adapter.RequestDevice(
+            &dev_desc, wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
+            [ctx](wgpu::RequestDeviceStatus status, wgpu::Device device, wgpu::StringView message) {
+                if (status != wgpu::RequestDeviceStatus::Success) {
+                    GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Failed to get a device: %s\n", std::string(message).c_str());
+                    return;
+                }
+                ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->device = std::move(device);
+            }),
+        UINT64_MAX);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->device != nullptr);
+
+    ggml_webgpu_init_memset_pipeline(ctx->webgpu_global_ctx);
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->memset_buf_pool.init(ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->device, 1, WEBGPU_PARAMS_BUF_SIZE_BYTES,
+                                                 wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform,
+                                                 wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::MapWrite);
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->queue = ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->device.GetQueue();
+
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_GPU_PROFILE
+    // Initialize buffer pool for timestamp queries, used for profiling
+    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->timestamp_query_buf_pool.init(
+        ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->device, WEBGPU_NUM_TIMESTAMP_QUERY_BUFS, WEBGPU_TIMESTAMP_QUERY_BUF_SIZE_BYTES,
+        wgpu::BufferUsage::QueryResolve | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc,
+        wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst);
+#endif
+
+    GGML_LOG_INFO(
+        "ggml_webgpu: adapter_info: vendor_id: %u | vendor: %s | architecture: %s | device_id: %u | name: %s | "
+        "device_desc: %s\n",
+        info.vendorID, std::string(info.vendor).c_str(), std::string(info.architecture).c_str(), info.deviceID,
+        std::string(info.device).c_str(), std::string(info.description).c_str());
+    return true;
+}
+
+static webgpu_context initialize_webgpu_context(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * dev_ctx    = (ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *) dev->context;
+    webgpu_context                       webgpu_ctx = std::make_shared<webgpu_context_struct>();
+    webgpu_ctx->global_ctx                          = dev_ctx->webgpu_global_ctx;
+    webgpu_ctx->shader_lib = std::make_unique<ggml_webgpu_shader_lib>(dev_ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->device);
+    webgpu_ctx->param_buf_pool.init(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, WEBGPU_NUM_PARAM_BUFS, WEBGPU_PARAMS_BUF_SIZE_BYTES,
+                                    wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform,
+                                    wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::MapWrite, true);
+    ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, webgpu_ctx->set_rows_dev_error_buf,
+                              WEBGPU_SET_ROWS_ERROR_BUF_SIZE_BYTES,
+                              wgpu::BufferUsage::Storage | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc, "set_rows_dev_error_buf");
+    ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, webgpu_ctx->set_rows_host_error_buf,
+                              WEBGPU_SET_ROWS_ERROR_BUF_SIZE_BYTES,
+                              wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead, "set_rows_host_error_buf");
+
+    ggml_webgpu_init_cpy_pipeline(webgpu_ctx);
+    ggml_webgpu_init_rms_norm_pipeline(webgpu_ctx);
+    ggml_webgpu_init_rope_pipeline(webgpu_ctx);
+    ggml_webgpu_init_glu_pipeline(webgpu_ctx);
+    ggml_webgpu_init_soft_max_pipeline(webgpu_ctx);
+#ifdef GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG
+    // Initialize debug buffers
+    ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->debug_host_buf,
+                              WEBGPU_DEBUG_BUF_ELEMS * sizeof(uint32_t),
+                              wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead, "debug_host_buf");
+    ggml_webgpu_create_buffer(webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->device, webgpu_ctx->global_ctx->debug_dev_buf,
+                              WEBGPU_DEBUG_BUF_ELEMS * sizeof(uint32_t),
+                              wgpu::BufferUsage::Storage | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc, "debug_dev_buf");
+#endif
+    return webgpu_ctx;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_webgpu_backend_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
+
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_backend_init()");
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * dev_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(dev->context);
+
+    auto * backend_ctx      = new ggml_backend_webgpu_context();
+    backend_ctx->name       = GGML_WEBGPU_NAME + std::string(": ") + dev_ctx->device_name;
+    backend_ctx->webgpu_ctx = initialize_webgpu_context(dev);
+
+    // See GGML Backend Interface section
+    auto * backend = new ggml_backend();
+    *backend       = {
+        /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_guid(),
+        /* .interface = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_i,
+        /* .device    = */ dev,
+        /* .context   = */ backend_ctx,
+    };
+    return backend;
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    // See GGML Backend Buffer Type Interface section
+
+    static struct ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type = {
+        /* .iface = */ {
+                        /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_name,
+                        /* .alloc_buffer     = */
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,                                    /* .get_alignment    = */
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_alignment,                                   /* .get_max_size     = */
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_max_size,                                    /* .get_alloc_size   = */
+            ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_alloc_size, /* .is_host          = */ NULL,  // defaults to false
+        },
+        /* .device  = */
+        dev,
+        /* .context = */
+        NULL
+    };
+
+    return &ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_webgpu_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_webgpu_buffer_type_get_name;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_webgpu_supported_qtype(ggml_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_webgpu_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context *>(dev->context);
+
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+    ggml_tensor * src2 = op->src[2];
+
+    // on smaller devices (or CI), tensors may be larger than the max storage buffer size
+    if (ggml_nbytes(op) > ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize ||
+        (src0 != nullptr &&
+         ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize) ||
+        (src1 != nullptr &&
+         ggml_nbytes(src1) > ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool supports_op = false;
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+            supports_op = true;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type) &&
+                          (src1->type == op->type);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
+            supports_op = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
+            supports_op = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I16);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            supports_op = ((op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                           (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) ||
+                          (op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
+            supports_op = ((op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                           (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32));
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
+            if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_webgpu_supported_qtype(src0->type)) {
+                supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+                supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                switch (src1->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                        supports_op |= (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+                        break;
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                        switch (src0->type) {
+                            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
+                            case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
+                                supports_op = true;
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
+            {
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+                if (!ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.supports_subgroup_matrix) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Head dimensions must fit in workgroup memory with minimum tile sizes
+                size_t     limit_bytes = ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize;
+                const bool has_mask    = op->src[3] != nullptr;
+                const bool kv_direct   = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 &&
+                                       (src0->ne[0] % ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_k) == 0 &&
+                                       (src1->ne[1] % GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD) == 0;
+                const size_t min_bytes = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_wg_mem_bytes(
+                    ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_m, ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.sg_mat_n,
+                    (uint32_t) src0->ne[0], (uint32_t) src2->ne[0], has_mask, kv_direct);
+                if (min_bytes > limit_bytes) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                supports_op = src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                              (src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ||
+                               src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) &&
+                              src2->type == src1->type && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+#endif
+                break;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU:
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(op)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF:
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK:
+                    supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
+                    break;
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI:
+                    supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+            {
+                const ggml_unary_op UNARY_OP = ggml_get_unary_op(op);
+
+                switch (UNARY_OP) {
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                    case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
+                        supports_op =
+                            (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_LOG:
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SIN:
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_COS:
+            supports_op = (op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (src0->type == op->type);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_PAD:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_TOP_K:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0->type == op->type;
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SUM:
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+            supports_op = op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src0->type == op->type && ggml_is_contiguous_rows(src0);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    if (ggml_nbytes(op) > ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize ||
+        (src0 != nullptr &&
+         ggml_nbytes(src0) > ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize) ||
+        (src1 != nullptr &&
+         ggml_nbytes(src1) > ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize) ||
+        (src2 != nullptr &&
+         ggml_nbytes(src2) > ctx->webgpu_global_ctx->capabilities.limits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize)) {
+        supports_op = false;
+        WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_webgpu op not supported due to size: ");
+    }
+
+    if (!supports_op) {
+        WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_webgpu op not supported: "
+                         << ggml_op_name(op->op) << " with types dst: " << ggml_type_name(op->type)
+                         << ", src0: " << (op->src[0] ? ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type) : "null")
+                         << ", src1: " << (op->src[1] ? ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type) : "null"));
+    } else {
+        WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_webgpu op supported: "
+                         << ggml_op_name(op->op) << " with types dst: " << ggml_type_name(op->type)
+                         << ", src0: " << (op->src[0] ? ggml_type_name(op->src[0]->type) : "null")
+                         << ", src1: " << (op->src[1] ? ggml_type_name(op->src[1]->type) : "null"));
+    }
+    return supports_op;
+}
+
+static struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_webgpu_device_i = {
+    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_backend_init,
+    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ NULL,
+    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
+};
+
+/* End GGML Backend Device Interface */
+
+/* GGML Backend Registration Interface */
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context *>(reg->context);
+    return ctx->name;
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context * ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context *>(reg->context);
+    return ctx->device_count;
+}
+
+// Only one device is supported for now
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(index == 0);
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_reg_get_device()");
+
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_START(reg_get_device);
+
+    ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context * reg_ctx = static_cast<ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context *>(reg->context);
+
+    create_webgpu_device(reg_ctx);
+
+    static ggml_backend_webgpu_device_context device_ctx;
+    device_ctx.device_name            = GGML_WEBGPU_NAME;
+    device_ctx.device_desc            = GGML_WEBGPU_NAME;
+    device_ctx.webgpu_global_ctx      = reg_ctx->webgpu_global_ctx;
+    // See GGML Backend Device Interface section
+    static ggml_backend_device device = {
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_device_i,
+        /* .reg     = */ reg,
+        /* .context = */ &device_ctx,
+    };
+
+    WEBGPU_CPU_PROFILE_TOTAL_END(reg_get_device, reg_ctx->webgpu_global_ctx);
+    return &device;
+}
+
+static const struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_i = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_get_device_count,
+    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_get_device,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ NULL,
+};
+
+/* End GGML Backend Registration Interface */
+
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_webgpu_reg() {
+    WEBGPU_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_backend_webgpu_reg()");
+
+    static ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_context ctx;
+    ctx.name         = GGML_WEBGPU_NAME;
+    ctx.device_count = 1;
+
+    wgpu::InstanceDescriptor               instance_descriptor{};
+    std::vector<wgpu::InstanceFeatureName> instance_features = { wgpu::InstanceFeatureName::TimedWaitAny };
+    instance_descriptor.requiredFeatures                     = instance_features.data();
+    instance_descriptor.requiredFeatureCount                 = instance_features.size();
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    const char * const          instanceEnabledToggles[] = { "allow_unsafe_apis" };
+    wgpu::DawnTogglesDescriptor instanceTogglesDesc;
+    instanceTogglesDesc.enabledToggles     = instanceEnabledToggles;
+    instanceTogglesDesc.enabledToggleCount = 1;
+    instance_descriptor.nextInChain        = &instanceTogglesDesc;
+#endif
+
+    wgpu::Instance inst             = wgpu::CreateInstance(&instance_descriptor);
+    ctx.webgpu_global_ctx           = webgpu_global_context(new webgpu_global_context_struct());
+    ctx.webgpu_global_ctx->instance = std::move(inst);
+
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    if (ctx.webgpu_global_ctx->instance == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml_webgpu: Failed to create WebGPU instance. Make sure either -sASYNCIFY or -sJSPI is set\n");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+    GGML_ASSERT(ctx.webgpu_global_ctx->instance != nullptr);
+
+    static ggml_backend_reg reg = {
+        /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+        /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_webgpu_reg_i,
+        /* .context     = */ &ctx,
+    };
+    return &reg;
+}
+
+ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_webgpu_init(void) {
+    ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_webgpu_reg(), 0);
+
+    return ggml_backend_webgpu_backend_init(dev, nullptr);
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_webgpu_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/pre_wgsl.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/pre_wgsl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d4359463ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/pre_wgsl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+#ifndef PRE_WGSL_HPP
+#define PRE_WGSL_HPP
+
+#include <cctype>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace pre_wgsl {
+
+//==============================================================
+// Options
+//==============================================================
+struct Options {
+    std::string              include_path = ".";
+    std::vector<std::string> macros;
+};
+
+//==============================================================
+// Utility: trim
+//==============================================================
+static std::string trim(const std::string & s) {
+    size_t a = 0;
+    while (a < s.size() && std::isspace((unsigned char) s[a])) {
+        a++;
+    }
+    size_t b = s.size();
+    while (b > a && std::isspace((unsigned char) s[b - 1])) {
+        b--;
+    }
+    return s.substr(a, b - a);
+}
+
+static std::string trim_value(std::istream & is) {
+    std::string str;
+    std::getline(is, str);
+    return trim(str);
+}
+
+static bool isIdentChar(char c) {
+    return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+static std::string expandMacrosRecursiveInternal(const std::string &                                  line,
+                                                 const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                                                 std::unordered_set<std::string> &                    visiting);
+
+static std::string expandMacroValue(const std::string &                                  name,
+                                    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                                    std::unordered_set<std::string> &                    visiting) {
+    if (visiting.count(name)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Recursive macro: " + name);
+    }
+    visiting.insert(name);
+
+    auto it = macros.find(name);
+    if (it == macros.end()) {
+        visiting.erase(name);
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    const std::string & value = it->second;
+    if (value.empty()) {
+        visiting.erase(name);
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    std::string expanded = expandMacrosRecursiveInternal(value, macros, visiting);
+    visiting.erase(name);
+    return expanded;
+}
+
+static std::string expandMacrosRecursiveInternal(const std::string &                                  line,
+                                                 const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                                                 std::unordered_set<std::string> &                    visiting) {
+    std::string result;
+    result.reserve(line.size());
+
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < line.size()) {
+        if (isIdentChar(line[i])) {
+            size_t start = i;
+            while (i < line.size() && isIdentChar(line[i])) {
+                i++;
+            }
+            std::string token = line.substr(start, i - start);
+
+            auto it = macros.find(token);
+            if (it != macros.end()) {
+                result += expandMacroValue(token, macros, visiting);
+            } else {
+                result += token;
+            }
+        } else {
+            result += line[i];
+            i++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static std::string expandMacrosRecursive(const std::string &                                  line,
+                                         const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros) {
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> visiting;
+    return expandMacrosRecursiveInternal(line, macros, visiting);
+}
+
+//==============================================================
+// Tokenizer for expressions in #if/#elif
+//==============================================================
+class ExprLexer {
+  public:
+    enum Kind { END, IDENT, NUMBER, OP, LPAREN, RPAREN };
+
+    struct Tok {
+        Kind        kind;
+        std::string text;
+    };
+
+    explicit ExprLexer(std::string_view sv) : src(sv), pos(0) {}
+
+    Tok next() {
+        skipWS();
+        if (pos >= src.size()) {
+            return { END, "" };
+        }
+
+        char c = src[pos];
+
+        // number
+        if (std::isdigit((unsigned char) c)) {
+            size_t start = pos;
+            while (pos < src.size() && std::isdigit((unsigned char) src[pos])) {
+                pos++;
+            }
+            return { NUMBER, std::string(src.substr(start, pos - start)) };
+        }
+
+        // identifier
+        if (std::isalpha((unsigned char) c) || c == '_') {
+            size_t start = pos;
+            while (pos < src.size() && (std::isalnum((unsigned char) src[pos]) || src[pos] == '_')) {
+                pos++;
+            }
+            return { IDENT, std::string(src.substr(start, pos - start)) };
+        }
+
+        if (c == '(') {
+            pos++;
+            return { LPAREN, "(" };
+        }
+        if (c == ')') {
+            pos++;
+            return { RPAREN, ")" };
+        }
+
+        // multi-char operators
+        static const char * two_ops[] = { "==", "!=", "<=", ">=", "&&", "||", "<<", ">>" };
+        for (auto op : two_ops) {
+            if (src.substr(pos, 2) == op) {
+                pos += 2;
+                return { OP, std::string(op) };
+            }
+        }
+
+        // single-char operators
+        if (std::string("+-*/%<>!").find(c) != std::string::npos) {
+            pos++;
+            return { OP, std::string(1, c) };
+        }
+
+        // unexpected
+        pos++;
+        return { END, "" };
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::string_view src;
+    size_t           pos;
+
+    void skipWS() {
+        while (pos < src.size() && std::isspace((unsigned char) src[pos])) {
+            pos++;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+//==============================================================
+// Expression Parser (recursive descent)
+//==============================================================
+class ExprParser {
+  public:
+    ExprParser(std::string_view                                     expr,
+               const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+               std::unordered_set<std::string> &                    visiting) :
+        lex(expr),
+        macros(macros),
+        visiting(visiting) {
+        advance();
+    }
+
+    int parse() { return parseLogicalOr(); }
+
+  private:
+    ExprLexer                                            lex;
+    ExprLexer::Tok                                       tok;
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros;
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> &                    visiting;
+
+    void advance() { tok = lex.next(); }
+
+    bool acceptOp(const std::string & s) {
+        if (tok.kind == ExprLexer::OP && tok.text == s) {
+            advance();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool acceptKind(ExprLexer::Kind k) {
+        if (tok.kind == k) {
+            advance();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int parseLogicalOr() {
+        int v = parseLogicalAnd();
+        while (acceptOp("||")) {
+            int rhs = parseLogicalAnd();
+            v       = (v || rhs);
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    int parseLogicalAnd() {
+        int v = parseEquality();
+        while (acceptOp("&&")) {
+            int rhs = parseEquality();
+            v       = (v && rhs);
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    int parseEquality() {
+        int v = parseRelational();
+        for (;;) {
+            if (acceptOp("==")) {
+                int rhs = parseRelational();
+                v       = (v == rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp("!=")) {
+                int rhs = parseRelational();
+                v       = (v != rhs);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    int parseRelational() {
+        int v = parseShift();
+        for (;;) {
+            if (acceptOp("<")) {
+                int rhs = parseShift();
+                v       = (v < rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp(">")) {
+                int rhs = parseShift();
+                v       = (v > rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp("<=")) {
+                int rhs = parseShift();
+                v       = (v <= rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp(">=")) {
+                int rhs = parseShift();
+                v       = (v >= rhs);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    int parseShift() {
+        int v = parseAdd();
+        for (;;) {
+            if (acceptOp("<<")) {
+                int rhs = parseAdd();
+                v       = (v << rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp(">>")) {
+                int rhs = parseAdd();
+                v       = (v >> rhs);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    int parseAdd() {
+        int v = parseMult();
+        for (;;) {
+            if (acceptOp("+")) {
+                int rhs = parseMult();
+                v       = (v + rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp("-")) {
+                int rhs = parseMult();
+                v       = (v - rhs);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    int parseMult() {
+        int v = parseUnary();
+        for (;;) {
+            if (acceptOp("*")) {
+                int rhs = parseUnary();
+                v       = (v * rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp("/")) {
+                int rhs = parseUnary();
+                v       = (rhs == 0 ? 0 : v / rhs);
+            } else if (acceptOp("%")) {
+                int rhs = parseUnary();
+                v       = (rhs == 0 ? 0 : v % rhs);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    int parseUnary() {
+        if (acceptOp("!")) {
+            return !parseUnary();
+        }
+        if (acceptOp("-")) {
+            return -parseUnary();
+        }
+        if (acceptOp("+")) {
+            return +parseUnary();
+        }
+        return parsePrimary();
+    }
+
+    int parsePrimary() {
+        // '(' expr ')'
+        if (acceptKind(ExprLexer::LPAREN)) {
+            int v = parse();
+            if (!acceptKind(ExprLexer::RPAREN)) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("missing ')'");
+            }
+            return v;
+        }
+
+        // number
+        if (tok.kind == ExprLexer::NUMBER) {
+            int v = std::stoi(tok.text);
+            advance();
+            return v;
+        }
+
+        // defined(identifier)
+        if (tok.kind == ExprLexer::IDENT && tok.text == "defined") {
+            advance();
+            if (acceptKind(ExprLexer::LPAREN)) {
+                if (tok.kind != ExprLexer::IDENT) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("expected identifier in defined()");
+                }
+                std::string name = tok.text;
+                advance();
+                if (!acceptKind(ExprLexer::RPAREN)) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("missing ) in defined()");
+                }
+                return macros.count(name) ? 1 : 0;
+            } else {
+                // defined NAME
+                if (tok.kind != ExprLexer::IDENT) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("expected identifier in defined NAME");
+                }
+                std::string name = tok.text;
+                advance();
+                return macros.count(name) ? 1 : 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // identifier -> treat as integer, if defined use its value else 0
+        if (tok.kind == ExprLexer::IDENT) {
+            std::string name = tok.text;
+            advance();
+            auto it = macros.find(name);
+            if (it == macros.end()) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if (it->second.empty()) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            return evalMacroExpression(name, it->second);
+        }
+
+        // unexpected
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int evalMacroExpression(const std::string & name, const std::string & value) {
+        if (visiting.count(name)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Recursive macro: " + name);
+        }
+
+        visiting.insert(name);
+        ExprParser ep(value, macros, visiting);
+        int        v = ep.parse();
+        visiting.erase(name);
+        return v;
+    }
+};
+
+//==============================================================
+// Preprocessor
+//==============================================================
+class Preprocessor {
+  public:
+    explicit Preprocessor(Options opts = {}) : opts_(std::move(opts)) {
+        // Treat empty include path as current directory
+        if (opts_.include_path.empty()) {
+            opts_.include_path = ".";
+        }
+        parseMacroDefinitions(opts_.macros);
+    }
+
+    std::string preprocess_file(const std::string & filename, const std::vector<std::string> & additional_macros = {}) {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> macros;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              predefined;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              include_stack;
+        buildMacros(additional_macros, macros, predefined);
+
+        std::string result = processFile(filename, macros, predefined, include_stack, DirectiveMode::All);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::string preprocess(const std::string & contents, const std::vector<std::string> & additional_macros = {}) {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> macros;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              predefined;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              include_stack;
+        buildMacros(additional_macros, macros, predefined);
+
+        std::string result = processString(contents, macros, predefined, include_stack, DirectiveMode::All);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::string preprocess_includes_file(const std::string & filename) {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> macros;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              predefined;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              include_stack;
+        std::string result = processFile(filename, macros, predefined, include_stack, DirectiveMode::IncludesOnly);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::string preprocess_includes(const std::string & contents) {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> macros;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              predefined;
+        std::unordered_set<std::string>              include_stack;
+        std::string result = processString(contents, macros, predefined, include_stack, DirectiveMode::IncludesOnly);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    Options                                      opts_;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> global_macros;
+
+    enum class DirectiveMode { All, IncludesOnly };
+
+    struct Cond {
+        bool parent_active;
+        bool active;
+        bool taken;
+    };
+
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    // Parse macro definitions into global_macros
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    void parseMacroDefinitions(const std::vector<std::string> & macro_defs) {
+        for (const auto & def : macro_defs) {
+            size_t eq_pos = def.find('=');
+            if (eq_pos != std::string::npos) {
+                // Format: NAME=VALUE
+                std::string name    = trim(def.substr(0, eq_pos));
+                std::string value   = trim(def.substr(eq_pos + 1));
+                global_macros[name] = value;
+            } else {
+                // Format: NAME
+                std::string name    = trim(def);
+                global_macros[name] = "";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    // Build combined macro map and predefined set for a preprocessing operation
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    void buildMacros(const std::vector<std::string> &               additional_macros,
+                     std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                     std::unordered_set<std::string> &              predefined) {
+        macros = global_macros;
+        predefined.clear();
+
+        for (const auto & [name, value] : global_macros) {
+            predefined.insert(name);
+        }
+
+        for (const auto & def : additional_macros) {
+            size_t      eq_pos = def.find('=');
+            std::string name, value;
+            if (eq_pos != std::string::npos) {
+                name  = trim(def.substr(0, eq_pos));
+                value = trim(def.substr(eq_pos + 1));
+            } else {
+                name  = trim(def);
+                value = "";
+            }
+
+            // Add to macros map (will override global if same name)
+            macros[name] = value;
+            predefined.insert(name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    // Helpers
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    std::string loadFile(const std::string & fname) {
+        std::ifstream f(fname);
+        if (!f.is_open()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Could not open file: " + fname);
+        }
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << f.rdbuf();
+        return ss.str();
+    }
+
+    bool condActive(const std::vector<Cond> & cond) const {
+        if (cond.empty()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return cond.back().active;
+    }
+
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    // Process a file
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    std::string processFile(const std::string &                            name,
+                            std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                            const std::unordered_set<std::string> &        predefined_macros,
+                            std::unordered_set<std::string> &              include_stack,
+                            DirectiveMode                                  mode) {
+        if (include_stack.count(name)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Recursive include: " + name);
+        }
+
+        include_stack.insert(name);
+        std::string shader_code = loadFile(name);
+        std::string out         = processString(shader_code, macros, predefined_macros, include_stack, mode);
+        include_stack.erase(name);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    std::string processIncludeFile(const std::string &                            fname,
+                                   std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                                   const std::unordered_set<std::string> &        predefined_macros,
+                                   std::unordered_set<std::string> &              include_stack,
+                                   DirectiveMode                                  mode) {
+        std::string full_path = opts_.include_path + "/" + fname;
+        return processFile(full_path, macros, predefined_macros, include_stack, mode);
+    }
+
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    // Process text
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    std::string processString(const std::string &                            shader_code,
+                              std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                              const std::unordered_set<std::string> &        predefined_macros,
+                              std::unordered_set<std::string> &              include_stack,
+                              DirectiveMode                                  mode) {
+        std::vector<Cond>  cond;  // Conditional stack for this shader
+        std::stringstream  out;
+        std::istringstream in(shader_code);
+        std::string        line;
+
+        while (std::getline(in, line)) {
+            std::string t = trim(line);
+
+            if (!t.empty() && t[0] == '#') {
+                bool handled = handleDirective(t, out, macros, predefined_macros, cond, include_stack, mode);
+                if (mode == DirectiveMode::IncludesOnly && !handled) {
+                    out << line << "\n";
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (mode == DirectiveMode::IncludesOnly) {
+                    out << line << "\n";
+                } else if (condActive(cond)) {
+                    // Expand macros in the line before outputting
+                    std::string expanded = expandMacrosRecursive(line, macros);
+                    out << expanded << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (mode == DirectiveMode::All && !cond.empty()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unclosed #if directive");
+        }
+
+        return out.str();
+    }
+
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    // Directive handler
+    //----------------------------------------------------------
+    bool handleDirective(const std::string &                            t,
+                         std::stringstream &                            out,
+                         std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & macros,
+                         const std::unordered_set<std::string> &        predefined_macros,
+                         std::vector<Cond> &                            cond,
+                         std::unordered_set<std::string> &              include_stack,
+                         DirectiveMode                                  mode) {
+        // split into tokens
+        std::string        body = t.substr(1);
+        std::istringstream iss(body);
+        std::string        cmd;
+        iss >> cmd;
+
+        if (cmd == "include") {
+            if (mode == DirectiveMode::All && !condActive(cond)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            std::string file;
+            iss >> file;
+            if (file.size() >= 2 && file.front() == '"' && file.back() == '"') {
+                file = file.substr(1, file.size() - 2);
+            }
+            out << processIncludeFile(file, macros, predefined_macros, include_stack, mode);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (mode == DirectiveMode::IncludesOnly) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "define") {
+            if (!condActive(cond)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            std::string name;
+            iss >> name;
+            // Don't override predefined macros from options
+            if (predefined_macros.count(name)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            std::string value = trim_value(iss);
+            macros[name]      = value;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "undef") {
+            if (!condActive(cond)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            std::string name;
+            iss >> name;
+            // Don't undef predefined macros from options
+            if (predefined_macros.count(name)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            macros.erase(name);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "ifdef") {
+            std::string name;
+            iss >> name;
+            bool p = condActive(cond);
+            bool v = macros.count(name);
+            cond.push_back({ p, p && v, p && v });
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "ifndef") {
+            std::string name;
+            iss >> name;
+            bool p = condActive(cond);
+            bool v = !macros.count(name);
+            cond.push_back({ p, p && v, p && v });
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "if") {
+            std::string expr = trim_value(iss);
+            bool        p    = condActive(cond);
+            bool        v    = false;
+            if (p) {
+                std::unordered_set<std::string> visiting;
+                ExprParser                      ep(expr, macros, visiting);
+                v = ep.parse() != 0;
+            }
+            cond.push_back({ p, p && v, p && v });
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "elif") {
+            std::string expr = trim_value(iss);
+
+            if (cond.empty()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("#elif without #if");
+            }
+
+            Cond & c = cond.back();
+            if (!c.parent_active) {
+                c.active = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (c.taken) {
+                c.active = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            std::unordered_set<std::string> visiting;
+            ExprParser                      ep(expr, macros, visiting);
+            bool                            v = ep.parse() != 0;
+            c.active                          = v;
+            if (v) {
+                c.taken = true;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "else") {
+            if (cond.empty()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("#else without #if");
+            }
+
+            Cond & c = cond.back();
+            if (!c.parent_active) {
+                c.active = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (c.taken) {
+                c.active = false;
+            } else {
+                c.active = true;
+                c.taken  = true;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd == "endif") {
+            if (cond.empty()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("#endif without #if");
+            }
+            cond.pop_back();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Unknown directive
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown directive: #" + cmd);
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace pre_wgsl
+
+#endif  // PRE_WGSL_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argmax.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argmax.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca5bfcc4d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argmax.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+#ifdef VEC4
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<vec4<f32>>;
+#define VEC_SIZE 4
+#else
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+#define VEC_SIZE 1
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<i32>;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements
+    ne0: u32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+const FLOAT_MIN: f32 = -1.0e9;
+
+struct Pair {
+    value: f32,
+    index: i32
+};
+
+var<workgroup> shared_max: array<Pair, WG_SIZE>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) lid: vec3<u32>) {
+    let row_idx = params.offset_src + wid.x * params.ne0;
+    var local_pair = Pair(FLOAT_MIN, -1);
+#ifdef VEC4
+    for (var col = lid.x; col < params.ne0/VEC_SIZE; col += WG_SIZE) {
+        let vec_val = src[row_idx / VEC_SIZE + col];
+        for (var v = 0u; v < VEC_SIZE; v++) {
+            let val = vec_val[v];
+            if (val >= local_pair.value) {
+                local_pair = Pair(val, i32(col * VEC_SIZE + v));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    for (var col = lid.x; col < params.ne0; col += WG_SIZE) {
+        if (src[row_idx + col] >= local_pair.value) {
+            local_pair = Pair(src[row_idx + col], i32(col));
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    shared_max[lid.x] = local_pair;
+    workgroupBarrier();
+    var offset: u32 = WG_SIZE >> 1;
+    while (offset > 0) {
+        if (lid.x < offset) {
+            let a = shared_max[lid.x];
+            let b = shared_max[lid.x + offset];
+            if (b.value > a.value) {
+                shared_max[lid.x] = b;
+            } else if (b.value == a.value && b.index > a.index) {
+                shared_max[lid.x] = b;
+            }
+        }
+        workgroupBarrier();
+        offset >>= 1;
+    }
+    if (lid.x == 0u) {
+        dst[params.offset_dst + wid.x] = shared_max[0].index;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argsort.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argsort.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..46ed19fc775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argsort.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<i32>;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements
+
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    // src/dst dimensions
+    src_ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+
+    ne0: u32,
+    top_k: u32,
+
+    npr: u32,   // tiles per row
+    nrows: u32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+var<workgroup> shmem_idx: array<u32, WG_SIZE>;
+
+#if ORDER == 0
+#define EXTREME_VALUE 1e30
+#define SWAP_COMPARE_UP >
+#define SWAP_COMPARE_DOWN <
+#else
+#define EXTREME_VALUE -1e30
+#define SWAP_COMPARE_UP <
+#define SWAP_COMPARE_DOWN >
+#endif
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(num_workgroups) num_wg: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) lid: vec3<u32>) {
+    let linear = wid.x + wid.y * num_wg.x;
+    // guard against overprovisioned workgroups
+    if (linear >= params.npr * params.nrows) {
+        return;
+    }
+    let tile = linear % params.npr;
+    var row = linear / params.npr;
+    let i3 = row / (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    row = row % (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    let i2 = row / params.ne1;
+    let i1 = row % params.ne1;
+
+    let row_base = params.offset_src +
+        i1 * params.stride_src1 +
+        i2 * params.stride_src2 +
+        i3 * params.stride_src3;
+
+    let tile_base = tile * WG_SIZE;
+    let idx = tile_base + lid.x;
+    shmem_idx[lid.x] = select(params.src_ne0, idx, idx < params.src_ne0);
+    workgroupBarrier();
+
+    var k = 2u;
+    while (k <= WG_SIZE) {
+        var j = k >> 1;
+        while (j > 0) {
+            let ixj = lid.x ^ j;
+            if (ixj > lid.x) {
+                let dir_up = (lid.x & k) == 0;
+                let a_idx = shmem_idx[lid.x];
+                let b_idx = shmem_idx[ixj];
+                let a_val = select(EXTREME_VALUE, src[row_base + a_idx], a_idx < params.src_ne0);
+                let b_val = select(EXTREME_VALUE, src[row_base + b_idx], b_idx < params.src_ne0);
+                let should_swap = select(
+                    (a_val SWAP_COMPARE_DOWN b_val),
+                    (a_val SWAP_COMPARE_UP b_val),
+                    dir_up);
+                if (should_swap) {
+                    shmem_idx[lid.x] = b_idx;
+                    shmem_idx[ixj] = a_idx;
+                }
+            }
+            workgroupBarrier();
+            j >>= 1;
+        }
+        k <<= 1;
+    }
+
+    let out_idx = tile * params.top_k + lid.x;
+    if (out_idx < params.ne0 && lid.x < params.top_k) {
+        let row_dst = params.offset_dst +
+            i1 * params.stride_dst1 +
+            i2 * params.stride_dst2 +
+            i3 * params.stride_dst3;
+        dst[row_dst + out_idx] = i32(shmem_idx[lid.x]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argsort_merge.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argsort_merge.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a77f6eca74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/argsort_merge.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> idx_in: array<i32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> idx_out: array<i32>;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_in: u32,  // in elements
+    offset_out: u32, // in elements
+
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    stride_idx1: u32,
+    stride_idx2: u32,
+    stride_idx3: u32,
+
+    stride_out1: u32,
+    stride_out2: u32,
+    stride_out3: u32,
+
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+
+    top_k: u32,
+
+    len: u32,
+    nm: u32,
+    nrows: u32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+fn take_left(a_idx: i32, b_idx: i32, row_base: u32) -> bool {
+    let a_val = src[row_base + u32(a_idx)];
+    let b_val = src[row_base + u32(b_idx)];
+#if ORDER == 0
+    return a_val <= b_val;
+#else
+    return a_val >= b_val;
+#endif
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(num_workgroups) num_wg: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) lid: vec3<u32>) {
+    let linear = wid.x + wid.y * num_wg.x;
+    // guard against overprovisioned workgroups
+    if (linear >= params.nm * params.nrows) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let start = (linear % params.nm) * params.len * 2;
+    let len0 = min(params.len, params.ne0 - start);
+    let rem1 = select(0, params.ne0 - (start + params.len), params.ne0 > (start + params.len));
+    let len1 = min(params.len, rem1);
+    let total = len0 + len1;
+    let chunk = (total + WG_SIZE - 1u) / WG_SIZE;
+    let k0 = lid.x * chunk;
+    let k1 = min(min(k0 + chunk, total), params.top_k);
+    // guard against overprovisioned threads
+    if (k0 >= params.top_k || k0 >= total) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var row = linear / params.nm;
+    let i3 = row / (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    row = row % (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    let i2 = row / params.ne1;
+    let i1 = row % params.ne1;
+
+    let row_src = params.offset_src +
+        i1 * params.stride_src1 +
+        i2 * params.stride_src2 +
+        i3 * params.stride_src3;
+
+    let row_in = params.offset_in +
+        i1 * params.stride_idx1 +
+        i2 * params.stride_idx2 +
+        i3 * params.stride_idx3;
+
+    let row_out = params.offset_out +
+        i1 * params.stride_out1 +
+        i2 * params.stride_out2 +
+        i3 * params.stride_out3;
+
+
+    var low: u32 = select(0, k0 - len1, k0 > len1);
+    var high: u32 = min(k0, len0);
+
+    while (low < high) {
+        let mid = (low + high) >> 1;
+        let idx0 = idx_in[row_in + start + mid];
+        let idx1 = idx_in[row_in + start + params.len + (k0 - mid - 1)];
+        if (take_left(idx0, idx1, row_src)) {
+            low = mid + 1;
+        } else {
+            high = mid;
+        }
+    }
+
+    var i = low;
+    var j = k0 - i;
+    var k = k0;
+    while (k < k1) {
+        var take_l = false;
+        if (i >= len0) {
+            take_l = false;
+        } else if (j >= len1) {
+            take_l = true;
+        } else {
+            let idx0 = idx_in[row_in + start + i];
+            let idx1 = idx_in[row_in + start + params.len + j];
+            take_l = take_left(idx0, idx1, row_src);
+        }
+
+        let out_idx = select(
+            idx_in[row_in + start + params.len + j],
+            idx_in[row_in + start + i],
+            take_l);
+        idx_out[row_out + start + k] = out_idx;
+        i = select(i, i + 1, take_l);
+        j = select(j + 1, j, take_l);
+        k += 1;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/binary.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/binary.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a748dc1b86c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/binary.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+enable f16;
+
+struct Params {
+    ne: u32,
+
+    // offsets in elements
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+    offset_merged_src0: u32,
+    offset_merged_src1: u32,
+
+    stride_src0_0: u32,
+    stride_src0_1: u32,
+    stride_src0_2: u32,
+    stride_src0_3: u32,
+
+    stride_src1_0: u32,
+    stride_src1_1: u32,
+    stride_src1_2: u32,
+    stride_src1_3: u32,
+
+    a_ne0: u32,
+    a_ne1: u32,
+    a_ne2: u32,
+
+    b_ne0: u32,
+    b_ne1: u32,
+    b_ne2: u32,
+    b_ne3: u32,
+};
+
+fn src0_index(_i: u32) -> u32 {
+    var i = _i;
+    let a_i3 = i / (params.a_ne2 * params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    i = i % (params.a_ne2 * params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    let a_i2 = i / (params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    i = i % (params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    let a_i1 = i / params.a_ne0;
+    let a_i0 = i % params.a_ne0;
+
+    return a_i0 * params.stride_src0_0 +
+           a_i1 * params.stride_src0_1 +
+           a_i2 * params.stride_src0_2 +
+           a_i3 * params.stride_src0_3;
+}
+
+fn src1_index(_i: u32) -> u32 {
+    var i = _i;
+    let a_i3 = i / (params.a_ne2 * params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    i = i % (params.a_ne2 * params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    let a_i2 = i / (params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    i = i % (params.a_ne1 * params.a_ne0);
+    let a_i1 = i / params.a_ne0;
+    let a_i0 = i % params.a_ne0;
+
+    // handle repetition of b
+    // index loops back to the beginning and repeats after elements are exhausted = modulo
+    let b_i0 = a_i0 % params.b_ne0;
+    let b_i1 = a_i1 % params.b_ne1;
+    let b_i2 = a_i2 % params.b_ne2;
+    let b_i3 = a_i3 % params.b_ne3;
+
+    // compute index for position in b's flat array
+    return b_i0 * params.stride_src1_0 +
+           b_i1 * params.stride_src1_1 +
+           b_i2 * params.stride_src1_2 +
+           b_i3 * params.stride_src1_3;
+}
+
+#ifdef TYPE_F32
+#define DataType f32
+#endif
+#ifdef TYPE_F16
+#define DataType f16
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SRC_OVERLAP
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> merged_src: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#else
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src0: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> src1 : array<DataType>;
+#if defined(INPLACE) || defined(OVERLAP)
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+#else
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+fn op(a: DataType, b: DataType) -> DataType {
+#ifdef OP_ADD
+    return a + b;
+#elif defined(OP_SUB)
+    return a - b;
+#elif defined(OP_MUL)
+    return a * b;
+#elif defined(OP_DIV)
+    return a / b;
+#endif
+}
+
+fn update(dst_i: u32, src0_i: u32, src1_i: u32) {
+#ifdef SRC_OVERLAP
+    let result = op(merged_src[src0_i], merged_src[src1_i]);
+#else
+    let result = op(src0[src0_i], src1[src1_i]);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INPLACE
+    src0[src0_i] = result;
+#elif defined(OVERLAP)
+    src1[src1_i] = result;
+#else
+    dst[dst_i] = result;
+#endif
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x < params.ne) {
+        let src0_i = params.offset_src0 + params.offset_merged_src0 + src0_index(gid.x);
+        let src1_i = params.offset_src1 + params.offset_merged_src1 + src1_index(gid.x);
+        update(params.offset_dst + gid.x, src0_i, src1_i);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/common_decls.tmpl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/common_decls.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a5b18ebc07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/common_decls.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+#ifdef BYTE_HELPERS
+fn get_byte(value: u32, index: u32) -> u32 {
+    return (value >> (index * 8)) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+fn get_byte_i32(value: u32, index: u32) -> i32 {
+    return bitcast<i32>(((value >> (index * 8)) & 0xFF) << 24) >> 24;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_0_T
+struct q4_0 {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 8>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_1_T
+struct q4_1 {
+    d: f16,
+    m: f16,
+    qs: array<u32, 4>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_0_T
+struct q5_0 {
+    d: f16,
+    qh: array<f16, 2>,
+    qs: array<f16, 8>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_1_T
+struct q5_1 {
+    d: f16,
+    m: f16,
+    qh: u32,
+    qs: array<u32, 4>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q8_0_T
+struct q8_0 {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 16>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q8_1_T
+struct q8_1 {
+    d: f16,
+    m: f16,
+    qs: array<u32, 8>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q2_K_T
+struct q2_K {
+    scales: array<u32, 4>,
+    qs: array<u32, 16>,
+    d: f16,
+    dmin: f16
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q3_K_T
+struct q3_K {
+    hmask: array<f16, 16>,
+    qs: array<f16, 32>,
+    scales: array<f16, 6>,
+    d: f16
+};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(Q4_K_SCALE_MIN) || defined(Q5_K_SCALE_MIN)
+fn get_scale_min(is: u32, scales: array<u32, 3>) -> vec2<f32> {
+    if (is < 4) {
+        let sc_byte = get_byte(scales[is / 4], is % 4);
+        let min_byte = get_byte(scales[(is + 4) / 4], is % 4);
+        return vec2(f32(sc_byte & 63), f32(min_byte & 63));
+    } else {
+        let sc_min_lo = get_byte(scales[(is + 4) / 4], (is + 4) % 4);
+        let sc_hi = get_byte(scales[(is - 4) / 4], (is - 4) % 4);
+        let min_hi = get_byte(scales[is / 4], is % 4);
+        let sc = (sc_min_lo & 0xF) | ((sc_hi >> 6) << 4);
+        let m = (sc_min_lo >> 4) | ((min_hi >> 6) << 4);
+        return vec2(f32(sc), f32(m));
+    }
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef Q4_K_T
+struct q4_K {
+    d: f16,
+    dmin: f16,
+    scales: array<u32, 3>,
+    qs: array<u32, 32>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_K_T
+struct q5_K {
+    d: f16,
+    dmin: f16,
+    scales: array<u32, 3>,
+    qh: array<u32, 8>,
+    qs: array<u32, 32>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q6_K_T
+struct q6_K {
+    ql: array<f16, 64>,
+    qh: array<f16, 32>,
+    scales: array<f16, 8>,
+    d: f16
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XXS_T
+struct iq2_xxs {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 32>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XS_T
+struct iq2_xs {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 32>,
+    scales: array<f16, 4>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_S_T
+struct iq2_s {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 32>,
+    qh: array<f16, 4>,
+    scales: array<f16, 4>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_XXS_T
+struct iq3_xxs {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 48>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_S_T
+struct iq3_s {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 32>,
+    qh: array<f16, 4>,
+    signs: array<f16, 16>,
+    scales: array<f16, 2>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ1_S_T
+struct iq1_s {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 16>,
+    qh: array<f16, 8>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ1_M_T
+struct iq1_m {
+    qs: array<u32, 8>,
+    qh: array<u32, 4>,
+    scales: array<u32, 2>
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ4_NL_T
+struct iq4_nl {
+    d: f16,
+    qs: array<f16, 8>,
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ4_XS_T
+struct iq4_xs {
+    d: f16,
+    scales_h: f16,
+    scales_l: u32,
+    qs: array<u32, 32>
+};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(IQ2_XXS_TABLES) || defined(IQ2_XS_TABLES) || defined(IQ2_S_TABLES) || defined(IQ3_XXS_TABLES) || defined(IQ3_S_TABLES)
+const kmask_iq2xs : array<u32, 2> = array<u32, 2>(
+    0x08040201u, // 1, 2, 4, 8
+    0x80402010u  // 16, 32, 64, 128
+);
+
+const ksigns_iq2xs: array<u32, 32> = array<u32, 32>(
+    0x03828100,0x87060584,0x8b0a0988,0x0f8e8d0c,
+    0x93121190,0x17969514,0x1b9a9918,0x9f1e1d9c,
+    0xa32221a0,0x27a6a524,0x2baaa928,0xaf2e2dac,
+    0x33b2b130,0xb73635b4,0xbb3a39b8,0x3fbebd3c,
+    0xc34241c0,0x47c6c544,0x4bcac948,0xcf4e4dcc,
+    0x53d2d150,0xd75655d4,0xdb5a59d8,0x5fdedd5c,
+    0x63e2e160,0xe76665e4,0xeb6a69e8,0x6feeed6c,
+    0xf37271f0,0x77f6f574,0x7bfaf978,0xff7e7dfc
+);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XXS_GRID
+const iq2xxs_grid = array<u32, 512>(
+    0x08080808, 0x08080808, 0x0808082b, 0x08080808, 0x08081919, 0x08080808, 0x08082b08, 0x08080808,
+    0x08082b2b, 0x08080808, 0x08190819, 0x08080808, 0x08191908, 0x08080808, 0x082b0808, 0x08080808,
+    0x082b082b, 0x08080808, 0x082b2b08, 0x08080808, 0x082b2b2b, 0x08080808, 0x19080819, 0x08080808,
+    0x19081908, 0x08080808, 0x19190808, 0x08080808, 0x19192b08, 0x08080808, 0x192b0819, 0x08080808,
+    0x192b1908, 0x08080808, 0x2b080808, 0x08080808, 0x2b08082b, 0x08080808, 0x2b082b2b, 0x08080808,
+    0x2b2b082b, 0x08080808, 0x08080819, 0x08080819, 0x08081908, 0x08080819, 0x08190808, 0x08080819,
+    0x08191919, 0x08080819, 0x19080808, 0x08080819, 0x2b081908, 0x08080819, 0x2b192b08, 0x08080819,
+    0x08080808, 0x0808082b, 0x0808082b, 0x0808082b, 0x082b082b, 0x0808082b, 0x2b08082b, 0x0808082b,
+    0x08080819, 0x08081908, 0x08081908, 0x08081908, 0x08190808, 0x08081908, 0x082b0819, 0x08081908,
+    0x082b1908, 0x08081908, 0x19080808, 0x08081908, 0x1908082b, 0x08081908, 0x19082b08, 0x08081908,
+    0x192b0808, 0x08081908, 0x2b080819, 0x08081908, 0x2b081908, 0x08081908, 0x2b190808, 0x08081908,
+    0x2b2b1908, 0x08081908, 0x08080808, 0x08081919, 0x0808082b, 0x08081919, 0x08082b08, 0x08081919,
+    0x082b0808, 0x08081919, 0x1908192b, 0x08081919, 0x192b2b19, 0x08081919, 0x2b080808, 0x08081919,
+    0x2b190819, 0x08081919, 0x08082b19, 0x0808192b, 0x08190808, 0x0808192b, 0x19080808, 0x0808192b,
+    0x2b081908, 0x0808192b, 0x2b2b1908, 0x0808192b, 0x08080808, 0x08082b08, 0x08081919, 0x08082b08,
+    0x08082b08, 0x08082b08, 0x08191908, 0x08082b08, 0x082b2b08, 0x08082b08, 0x19080819, 0x08082b08,
+    0x19081908, 0x08082b08, 0x19190808, 0x08082b08, 0x1919082b, 0x08082b08, 0x2b082b08, 0x08082b08,
+    0x08081908, 0x08082b19, 0x19080808, 0x08082b19, 0x0808082b, 0x08082b2b, 0x08191908, 0x08082b2b,
+    0x08080819, 0x08190808, 0x08081908, 0x08190808, 0x08190808, 0x08190808, 0x082b0819, 0x08190808,
+    0x19080808, 0x08190808, 0x192b0808, 0x08190808, 0x2b081908, 0x08190808, 0x2b190808, 0x08190808,
+    0x2b191919, 0x08190808, 0x08080808, 0x08190819, 0x08082b08, 0x08190819, 0x082b0808, 0x08190819,
+    0x19190808, 0x08190819, 0x19192b2b, 0x08190819, 0x2b080808, 0x08190819, 0x082b1908, 0x0819082b,
+    0x19081919, 0x0819082b, 0x08080808, 0x08191908, 0x08082b08, 0x08191908, 0x082b0808, 0x08191908,
+    0x082b1919, 0x08191908, 0x19082b19, 0x08191908, 0x2b080808, 0x08191908, 0x08192b08, 0x08191919,
+    0x192b082b, 0x08191919, 0x08080808, 0x0819192b, 0x0819192b, 0x0819192b, 0x08080819, 0x08192b08,
+    0x08081908, 0x08192b08, 0x08190808, 0x08192b08, 0x19080808, 0x08192b08, 0x2b080819, 0x08192b08,
+    0x08080808, 0x08192b19, 0x08081919, 0x08192b19, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08192b19, 0x19190819, 0x08192b2b,
+    0x08080808, 0x082b0808, 0x0808082b, 0x082b0808, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x19081908, 0x082b0808,
+    0x192b0819, 0x082b0808, 0x2b080808, 0x082b0808, 0x2b08082b, 0x082b0808, 0x082b2b19, 0x082b0819,
+    0x19082b08, 0x082b0819, 0x08080808, 0x082b082b, 0x0808082b, 0x082b082b, 0x08080819, 0x082b1908,
+    0x08081908, 0x082b1908, 0x08190808, 0x082b1908, 0x19080808, 0x082b1908, 0x1919192b, 0x082b1908,
+    0x08080808, 0x082b1919, 0x19080819, 0x082b1919, 0x192b1908, 0x082b1919, 0x2b190808, 0x082b192b,
+    0x08082b08, 0x082b2b08, 0x082b0808, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b191908, 0x082b2b08, 0x19081908, 0x082b2b2b,
+    0x08080819, 0x19080808, 0x08081908, 0x19080808, 0x08190808, 0x19080808, 0x08192b08, 0x19080808,
+    0x082b0819, 0x19080808, 0x082b1908, 0x19080808, 0x19080808, 0x19080808, 0x19082b08, 0x19080808,
+    0x1919192b, 0x19080808, 0x192b0808, 0x19080808, 0x2b080819, 0x19080808, 0x2b081908, 0x19080808,
+    0x2b190808, 0x19080808, 0x08080808, 0x19080819, 0x082b0808, 0x19080819, 0x192b0819, 0x19080819,
+    0x2b080808, 0x19080819, 0x2b081919, 0x19080819, 0x08080819, 0x1908082b, 0x08190808, 0x1908082b,
+    0x19082b08, 0x1908082b, 0x1919192b, 0x1908082b, 0x192b2b08, 0x1908082b, 0x08080808, 0x19081908,
+    0x08082b08, 0x19081908, 0x082b0808, 0x19081908, 0x2b080808, 0x19081908, 0x2b192b19, 0x19081908,
+    0x0819082b, 0x19081919, 0x082b1908, 0x19081919, 0x08080808, 0x1908192b, 0x08080819, 0x19082b08,
+    0x08081908, 0x19082b08, 0x08190808, 0x19082b08, 0x19080808, 0x19082b08, 0x19081919, 0x19082b08,
+    0x08080808, 0x19082b19, 0x19192b08, 0x19082b19, 0x192b0819, 0x19082b19, 0x2b08082b, 0x19082b19,
+    0x19081919, 0x19082b2b, 0x2b190808, 0x19082b2b, 0x08080808, 0x19190808, 0x08082b08, 0x19190808,
+    0x08190819, 0x19190808, 0x08192b19, 0x19190808, 0x082b0808, 0x19190808, 0x2b080808, 0x19190808,
+    0x2b082b08, 0x19190808, 0x08081908, 0x19190819, 0x1908082b, 0x19190819, 0x2b2b1908, 0x19190819,
+    0x2b190819, 0x1919082b, 0x2b190808, 0x19191908, 0x2b19082b, 0x19191908, 0x08082b2b, 0x19191919,
+    0x08080819, 0x1919192b, 0x19191908, 0x1919192b, 0x08080808, 0x19192b08, 0x08190819, 0x19192b08,
+    0x08192b19, 0x19192b08, 0x192b1908, 0x19192b08, 0x19080808, 0x19192b19, 0x08082b08, 0x19192b2b,
+    0x08081908, 0x192b0808, 0x08190808, 0x192b0808, 0x19080808, 0x192b0808, 0x192b2b08, 0x192b0808,
+    0x08080808, 0x192b0819, 0x19191919, 0x192b0819, 0x08192b08, 0x192b082b, 0x192b0808, 0x192b082b,
+    0x08080808, 0x192b1908, 0x08081919, 0x192b1908, 0x08190808, 0x192b1919, 0x0819082b, 0x192b1919,
+    0x2b081908, 0x192b1919, 0x1908082b, 0x192b2b08, 0x08080808, 0x2b080808, 0x0808082b, 0x2b080808,
+    0x08082b2b, 0x2b080808, 0x19080819, 0x2b080808, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b080808, 0x08081908, 0x2b080819,
+    0x08192b08, 0x2b080819, 0x19080808, 0x2b080819, 0x08190819, 0x2b08082b, 0x08080819, 0x2b081908,
+    0x08081908, 0x2b081908, 0x08190808, 0x2b081908, 0x08191919, 0x2b081908, 0x19080808, 0x2b081908,
+    0x192b0808, 0x2b081908, 0x08080808, 0x2b081919, 0x1908192b, 0x2b081919, 0x2b191908, 0x2b081919,
+    0x08082b19, 0x2b08192b, 0x19080808, 0x2b08192b, 0x192b0808, 0x2b08192b, 0x0808082b, 0x2b082b08,
+    0x08081908, 0x2b082b19, 0x08190819, 0x2b082b2b, 0x08081908, 0x2b190808, 0x08190808, 0x2b190808,
+    0x082b1908, 0x2b190808, 0x19080808, 0x2b190808, 0x2b2b0819, 0x2b190808, 0x0819192b, 0x2b190819,
+    0x2b080808, 0x2b190819, 0x19081919, 0x2b19082b, 0x08080808, 0x2b191908, 0x082b082b, 0x2b191908,
+    0x19081908, 0x2b191908, 0x19190819, 0x2b191919, 0x2b080819, 0x2b192b08, 0x082b0808, 0x2b192b19,
+    0x0808082b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x19190808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b081919, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b19, 0x2b2b0819,
+    0x08080808, 0x2b2b082b, 0x08192b08, 0x2b2b1908, 0x19190808, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x08081908, 0x2b2b2b19
+);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XS_GRID
+const iq2xs_grid = array<u32, 1024>(
+    0x08080808, 0x08080808, 0x0808082b, 0x08080808, 0x08081919, 0x08080808, 0x08082b08, 0x08080808,
+    0x08082b2b, 0x08080808, 0x08190819, 0x08080808, 0x08191908, 0x08080808, 0x0819192b, 0x08080808,
+    0x08192b19, 0x08080808, 0x082b0808, 0x08080808, 0x082b082b, 0x08080808, 0x082b1919, 0x08080808,
+    0x082b2b08, 0x08080808, 0x19080819, 0x08080808, 0x19081908, 0x08080808, 0x1908192b, 0x08080808,
+    0x19082b19, 0x08080808, 0x19190808, 0x08080808, 0x1919082b, 0x08080808, 0x19191919, 0x08080808,
+    0x19192b08, 0x08080808, 0x192b0819, 0x08080808, 0x192b1908, 0x08080808, 0x2b080808, 0x08080808,
+    0x2b08082b, 0x08080808, 0x2b081919, 0x08080808, 0x2b082b08, 0x08080808, 0x2b190819, 0x08080808,
+    0x2b191908, 0x08080808, 0x2b192b19, 0x08080808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08080808, 0x08080819, 0x08080819,
+    0x08081908, 0x08080819, 0x0808192b, 0x08080819, 0x08082b19, 0x08080819, 0x08190808, 0x08080819,
+    0x0819082b, 0x08080819, 0x08191919, 0x08080819, 0x08192b08, 0x08080819, 0x08192b2b, 0x08080819,
+    0x082b0819, 0x08080819, 0x082b1908, 0x08080819, 0x19080808, 0x08080819, 0x1908082b, 0x08080819,
+    0x19081919, 0x08080819, 0x19082b08, 0x08080819, 0x19190819, 0x08080819, 0x19191908, 0x08080819,
+    0x192b0808, 0x08080819, 0x192b2b08, 0x08080819, 0x2b080819, 0x08080819, 0x2b081908, 0x08080819,
+    0x2b190808, 0x08080819, 0x08080808, 0x0808082b, 0x0808082b, 0x0808082b, 0x08081919, 0x0808082b,
+    0x08082b08, 0x0808082b, 0x08190819, 0x0808082b, 0x08191908, 0x0808082b, 0x082b0808, 0x0808082b,
+    0x19080819, 0x0808082b, 0x19081908, 0x0808082b, 0x19190808, 0x0808082b, 0x19191919, 0x0808082b,
+    0x2b080808, 0x0808082b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x0808082b, 0x08080819, 0x08081908, 0x08081908, 0x08081908,
+    0x0808192b, 0x08081908, 0x08082b19, 0x08081908, 0x08190808, 0x08081908, 0x0819082b, 0x08081908,
+    0x08191919, 0x08081908, 0x08192b08, 0x08081908, 0x082b0819, 0x08081908, 0x082b1908, 0x08081908,
+    0x19080808, 0x08081908, 0x1908082b, 0x08081908, 0x19081919, 0x08081908, 0x19082b08, 0x08081908,
+    0x19190819, 0x08081908, 0x19191908, 0x08081908, 0x1919192b, 0x08081908, 0x192b0808, 0x08081908,
+    0x2b080819, 0x08081908, 0x2b081908, 0x08081908, 0x2b190808, 0x08081908, 0x08080808, 0x08081919,
+    0x0808082b, 0x08081919, 0x08081919, 0x08081919, 0x08082b08, 0x08081919, 0x08190819, 0x08081919,
+    0x08191908, 0x08081919, 0x082b0808, 0x08081919, 0x19080819, 0x08081919, 0x19081908, 0x08081919,
+    0x19190808, 0x08081919, 0x192b0819, 0x08081919, 0x2b080808, 0x08081919, 0x08080819, 0x0808192b,
+    0x08081908, 0x0808192b, 0x08190808, 0x0808192b, 0x082b192b, 0x0808192b, 0x19080808, 0x0808192b,
+    0x1908082b, 0x0808192b, 0x2b081908, 0x0808192b, 0x08080808, 0x08082b08, 0x0808082b, 0x08082b08,
+    0x08081919, 0x08082b08, 0x08082b08, 0x08082b08, 0x08082b2b, 0x08082b08, 0x08190819, 0x08082b08,
+    0x08191908, 0x08082b08, 0x082b0808, 0x08082b08, 0x082b1919, 0x08082b08, 0x19080819, 0x08082b08,
+    0x19081908, 0x08082b08, 0x19190808, 0x08082b08, 0x19192b08, 0x08082b08, 0x2b080808, 0x08082b08,
+    0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b08, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x08082b08, 0x08080819, 0x08082b19, 0x08081908, 0x08082b19,
+    0x08190808, 0x08082b19, 0x19080808, 0x08082b19, 0x2b080819, 0x08082b19, 0x2b082b19, 0x08082b19,
+    0x08080808, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b2b08, 0x08082b2b, 0x2b19192b, 0x08082b2b,
+    0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b2b, 0x08080819, 0x08190808, 0x08081908, 0x08190808, 0x0808192b, 0x08190808,
+    0x08082b19, 0x08190808, 0x08190808, 0x08190808, 0x0819082b, 0x08190808, 0x08191919, 0x08190808,
+    0x08192b08, 0x08190808, 0x082b0819, 0x08190808, 0x082b1908, 0x08190808, 0x19080808, 0x08190808,
+    0x1908082b, 0x08190808, 0x19081919, 0x08190808, 0x19082b08, 0x08190808, 0x19190819, 0x08190808,
+    0x19191908, 0x08190808, 0x192b0808, 0x08190808, 0x192b2b2b, 0x08190808, 0x2b080819, 0x08190808,
+    0x2b081908, 0x08190808, 0x2b190808, 0x08190808, 0x08080808, 0x08190819, 0x0808082b, 0x08190819,
+    0x08081919, 0x08190819, 0x08082b08, 0x08190819, 0x08190819, 0x08190819, 0x08191908, 0x08190819,
+    0x082b0808, 0x08190819, 0x19080819, 0x08190819, 0x19081908, 0x08190819, 0x19190808, 0x08190819,
+    0x2b080808, 0x08190819, 0x2b191908, 0x08190819, 0x2b19192b, 0x08190819, 0x08080819, 0x0819082b,
+    0x08081908, 0x0819082b, 0x0808192b, 0x0819082b, 0x08190808, 0x0819082b, 0x19080808, 0x0819082b,
+    0x192b0808, 0x0819082b, 0x08080808, 0x08191908, 0x0808082b, 0x08191908, 0x08081919, 0x08191908,
+    0x08082b08, 0x08191908, 0x08190819, 0x08191908, 0x08191908, 0x08191908, 0x082b0808, 0x08191908,
+    0x19080819, 0x08191908, 0x19081908, 0x08191908, 0x19082b19, 0x08191908, 0x19190808, 0x08191908,
+    0x192b1908, 0x08191908, 0x2b080808, 0x08191908, 0x08080819, 0x08191919, 0x08081908, 0x08191919,
+    0x08190808, 0x08191919, 0x19080808, 0x08191919, 0x08080808, 0x0819192b, 0x08191908, 0x0819192b,
+    0x19082b19, 0x0819192b, 0x08080819, 0x08192b08, 0x08081908, 0x08192b08, 0x08190808, 0x08192b08,
+    0x0819082b, 0x08192b08, 0x19080808, 0x08192b08, 0x19191908, 0x08192b08, 0x2b08192b, 0x08192b08,
+    0x08080808, 0x08192b19, 0x08081919, 0x08192b19, 0x192b192b, 0x08192b19, 0x19190819, 0x08192b2b,
+    0x2b2b2b19, 0x08192b2b, 0x08080808, 0x082b0808, 0x0808082b, 0x082b0808, 0x08081919, 0x082b0808,
+    0x08082b08, 0x082b0808, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x08190819, 0x082b0808, 0x08191908, 0x082b0808,
+    0x082b0808, 0x082b0808, 0x19080819, 0x082b0808, 0x19081908, 0x082b0808, 0x19190808, 0x082b0808,
+    0x2b080808, 0x082b0808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x082b0808, 0x08080819, 0x082b0819, 0x08081908, 0x082b0819,
+    0x08190808, 0x082b0819, 0x19080808, 0x082b0819, 0x19082b08, 0x082b0819, 0x192b1919, 0x082b0819,
+    0x08080808, 0x082b082b, 0x082b082b, 0x082b082b, 0x2b080808, 0x082b082b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x082b082b,
+    0x08080819, 0x082b1908, 0x08081908, 0x082b1908, 0x08190808, 0x082b1908, 0x082b2b19, 0x082b1908,
+    0x19080808, 0x082b1908, 0x08080808, 0x082b1919, 0x19080819, 0x082b1919, 0x1919082b, 0x082b1919,
+    0x2b192b19, 0x082b1919, 0x08080819, 0x082b192b, 0x08192b2b, 0x082b192b, 0x2b2b192b, 0x082b192b,
+    0x08080808, 0x082b2b08, 0x08082b08, 0x082b2b08, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b2b08, 0x082b0808, 0x082b2b08,
+    0x19191919, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b082b08, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b082b, 0x082b2b08, 0x192b2b08, 0x082b2b19,
+    0x2b190808, 0x082b2b19, 0x08082b08, 0x082b2b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b08082b, 0x082b2b2b,
+    0x2b082b08, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x082b2b2b, 0x08080819, 0x19080808, 0x08081908, 0x19080808,
+    0x0808192b, 0x19080808, 0x08082b19, 0x19080808, 0x08190808, 0x19080808, 0x0819082b, 0x19080808,
+    0x08191919, 0x19080808, 0x08192b08, 0x19080808, 0x082b0819, 0x19080808, 0x082b1908, 0x19080808,
+    0x19080808, 0x19080808, 0x1908082b, 0x19080808, 0x19081919, 0x19080808, 0x19082b08, 0x19080808,
+    0x19082b2b, 0x19080808, 0x19190819, 0x19080808, 0x19191908, 0x19080808, 0x192b0808, 0x19080808,
+    0x192b1919, 0x19080808, 0x2b080819, 0x19080808, 0x2b081908, 0x19080808, 0x2b190808, 0x19080808,
+    0x08080808, 0x19080819, 0x0808082b, 0x19080819, 0x08081919, 0x19080819, 0x08082b08, 0x19080819,
+    0x08190819, 0x19080819, 0x08191908, 0x19080819, 0x082b0808, 0x19080819, 0x19080819, 0x19080819,
+    0x19081908, 0x19080819, 0x19190808, 0x19080819, 0x2b080808, 0x19080819, 0x2b081919, 0x19080819,
+    0x2b2b082b, 0x19080819, 0x08080819, 0x1908082b, 0x08081908, 0x1908082b, 0x08190808, 0x1908082b,
+    0x0819082b, 0x1908082b, 0x082b2b19, 0x1908082b, 0x19080808, 0x1908082b, 0x08080808, 0x19081908,
+    0x0808082b, 0x19081908, 0x08081919, 0x19081908, 0x08082b08, 0x19081908, 0x08190819, 0x19081908,
+    0x08191908, 0x19081908, 0x08192b19, 0x19081908, 0x082b0808, 0x19081908, 0x19080819, 0x19081908,
+    0x19081908, 0x19081908, 0x19190808, 0x19081908, 0x2b080808, 0x19081908, 0x2b191908, 0x19081908,
+    0x08080819, 0x19081919, 0x08081908, 0x19081919, 0x08190808, 0x19081919, 0x082b1908, 0x19081919,
+    0x19080808, 0x19081919, 0x2b192b2b, 0x19081919, 0x08080808, 0x1908192b, 0x08082b2b, 0x1908192b,
+    0x19081908, 0x1908192b, 0x19190808, 0x1908192b, 0x08080819, 0x19082b08, 0x08081908, 0x19082b08,
+    0x08190808, 0x19082b08, 0x19080808, 0x19082b08, 0x19081919, 0x19082b08, 0x19191908, 0x19082b08,
+    0x192b082b, 0x19082b08, 0x08080808, 0x19082b19, 0x08190819, 0x19082b19, 0x19081908, 0x19082b19,
+    0x19190808, 0x19082b19, 0x192b2b19, 0x19082b19, 0x08081908, 0x19082b2b, 0x08080808, 0x19190808,
+    0x0808082b, 0x19190808, 0x08081919, 0x19190808, 0x08082b08, 0x19190808, 0x08190819, 0x19190808,
+    0x08191908, 0x19190808, 0x082b0808, 0x19190808, 0x082b2b08, 0x19190808, 0x19080819, 0x19190808,
+    0x19081908, 0x19190808, 0x19190808, 0x19190808, 0x2b080808, 0x19190808, 0x08080819, 0x19190819,
+    0x08081908, 0x19190819, 0x08190808, 0x19190819, 0x08191919, 0x19190819, 0x19080808, 0x19190819,
+    0x1908082b, 0x19190819, 0x08080808, 0x1919082b, 0x19081908, 0x1919082b, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x1919082b,
+    0x08080819, 0x19191908, 0x08081908, 0x19191908, 0x08190808, 0x19191908, 0x082b0819, 0x19191908,
+    0x19080808, 0x19191908, 0x192b0808, 0x19191908, 0x2b080819, 0x19191908, 0x2b2b0819, 0x19191908,
+    0x08080808, 0x19191919, 0x08082b08, 0x19191919, 0x2b080808, 0x19191919, 0x2b082b08, 0x19191919,
+    0x082b0819, 0x1919192b, 0x192b2b08, 0x1919192b, 0x2b2b0819, 0x1919192b, 0x08080808, 0x19192b08,
+    0x08191908, 0x19192b08, 0x19080819, 0x19192b08, 0x19190808, 0x19192b08, 0x2b192b19, 0x19192b08,
+    0x08192b2b, 0x19192b19, 0x19080808, 0x19192b19, 0x1908082b, 0x19192b19, 0x2b081919, 0x19192b2b,
+    0x08080819, 0x192b0808, 0x08081908, 0x192b0808, 0x08190808, 0x192b0808, 0x19080808, 0x192b0808,
+    0x19191908, 0x192b0808, 0x192b082b, 0x192b0808, 0x2b08192b, 0x192b0808, 0x2b2b2b19, 0x192b0808,
+    0x08080808, 0x192b0819, 0x082b1908, 0x192b082b, 0x19082b2b, 0x192b082b, 0x2b19082b, 0x192b082b,
+    0x08080808, 0x192b1908, 0x0819192b, 0x192b1908, 0x08190808, 0x192b1919, 0x19080808, 0x192b1919,
+    0x19081919, 0x192b1919, 0x2b2b1908, 0x192b1919, 0x08080819, 0x192b2b08, 0x192b2b2b, 0x192b2b08,
+    0x082b1919, 0x192b2b19, 0x0808192b, 0x192b2b2b, 0x19191908, 0x192b2b2b, 0x192b082b, 0x192b2b2b,
+    0x08080808, 0x2b080808, 0x0808082b, 0x2b080808, 0x08081919, 0x2b080808, 0x08082b08, 0x2b080808,
+    0x08190819, 0x2b080808, 0x08191908, 0x2b080808, 0x082b0808, 0x2b080808, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b080808,
+    0x19080819, 0x2b080808, 0x19081908, 0x2b080808, 0x19190808, 0x2b080808, 0x2b080808, 0x2b080808,
+    0x2b08082b, 0x2b080808, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b080808, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b080808, 0x08080819, 0x2b080819,
+    0x08081908, 0x2b080819, 0x0808192b, 0x2b080819, 0x08190808, 0x2b080819, 0x19080808, 0x2b080819,
+    0x19190819, 0x2b080819, 0x19192b19, 0x2b080819, 0x08080808, 0x2b08082b, 0x082b0808, 0x2b08082b,
+    0x2b080808, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b08082b,
+    0x08080819, 0x2b081908, 0x08081908, 0x2b081908, 0x08190808, 0x2b081908, 0x0819082b, 0x2b081908,
+    0x08191919, 0x2b081908, 0x19080808, 0x2b081908, 0x192b0808, 0x2b081908, 0x2b082b19, 0x2b081908,
+    0x08080808, 0x2b081919, 0x19081908, 0x2b081919, 0x2b2b1919, 0x2b081919, 0x08192b08, 0x2b08192b,
+    0x192b2b2b, 0x2b08192b, 0x08080808, 0x2b082b08, 0x08082b08, 0x2b082b08, 0x082b1919, 0x2b082b08,
+    0x19192b2b, 0x2b082b08, 0x2b080808, 0x2b082b08, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b082b08, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b082b08,
+    0x0808192b, 0x2b082b19, 0x082b082b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x2b080808, 0x2b082b2b, 0x2b082b08, 0x2b082b2b,
+    0x2b19192b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b082b2b, 0x08080819, 0x2b190808, 0x08081908, 0x2b190808,
+    0x08190808, 0x2b190808, 0x19080808, 0x2b190808, 0x1919192b, 0x2b190808, 0x2b081908, 0x2b190808,
+    0x08080808, 0x2b190819, 0x082b082b, 0x2b190819, 0x192b1908, 0x2b190819, 0x1919192b, 0x2b19082b,
+    0x2b082b19, 0x2b19082b, 0x08080808, 0x2b191908, 0x08081919, 0x2b191908, 0x19081908, 0x2b191908,
+    0x19190808, 0x2b191908, 0x19192b08, 0x2b191908, 0x082b2b19, 0x2b191919, 0x2b190808, 0x2b191919,
+    0x2b19082b, 0x2b191919, 0x19080819, 0x2b19192b, 0x19190819, 0x2b192b08, 0x2b2b192b, 0x2b192b08,
+    0x19082b19, 0x2b192b19, 0x08191919, 0x2b192b2b, 0x192b0808, 0x2b192b2b, 0x08080808, 0x2b2b0808,
+    0x0808082b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b08, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x082b0808, 0x2b2b0808,
+    0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x19190819, 0x2b2b0819, 0x19192b19, 0x2b2b0819,
+    0x2b2b192b, 0x2b2b0819, 0x08080808, 0x2b2b082b, 0x0808082b, 0x2b2b082b, 0x08082b08, 0x2b2b082b,
+    0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b080808, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b082b, 0x19080808, 0x2b2b1908,
+    0x2b191919, 0x2b2b1908, 0x192b1919, 0x2b2b192b, 0x2b192b08, 0x2b2b192b, 0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b2b08,
+    0x082b0808, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x082b082b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b2b08,
+    0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x08081908, 0x2b2b2b19, 0x2b081908, 0x2b2b2b19, 0x2b08192b, 0x2b2b2b19,
+    0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b190819, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b
+);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_S_GRID
+const iq2s_grid = array<u32, 2048>(
+    0x08080808, 0x08080808, 0x0808082b, 0x08080808, 0x08081919, 0x08080808, 0x08082b08, 0x08080808,
+    0x08082b2b, 0x08080808, 0x08190819, 0x08080808, 0x08191908, 0x08080808, 0x0819192b, 0x08080808,
+    0x08192b19, 0x08080808, 0x082b0808, 0x08080808, 0x082b082b, 0x08080808, 0x082b1919, 0x08080808,
+    0x082b2b08, 0x08080808, 0x19080819, 0x08080808, 0x19081908, 0x08080808, 0x1908192b, 0x08080808,
+    0x19082b19, 0x08080808, 0x19190808, 0x08080808, 0x1919082b, 0x08080808, 0x19191919, 0x08080808,
+    0x19192b08, 0x08080808, 0x192b0819, 0x08080808, 0x192b1908, 0x08080808, 0x192b192b, 0x08080808,
+    0x192b2b19, 0x08080808, 0x2b080808, 0x08080808, 0x2b08082b, 0x08080808, 0x2b081919, 0x08080808,
+    0x2b082b08, 0x08080808, 0x2b190819, 0x08080808, 0x2b191908, 0x08080808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08080808,
+    0x2b2b1919, 0x08080808, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x08080808, 0x08080819, 0x08080819, 0x08081908, 0x08080819,
+    0x0808192b, 0x08080819, 0x08082b19, 0x08080819, 0x08190808, 0x08080819, 0x0819082b, 0x08080819,
+    0x08191919, 0x08080819, 0x08192b08, 0x08080819, 0x082b0819, 0x08080819, 0x082b1908, 0x08080819,
+    0x19080808, 0x08080819, 0x1908082b, 0x08080819, 0x19081919, 0x08080819, 0x19082b08, 0x08080819,
+    0x19190819, 0x08080819, 0x19191908, 0x08080819, 0x1919192b, 0x08080819, 0x19192b19, 0x08080819,
+    0x192b0808, 0x08080819, 0x192b1919, 0x08080819, 0x192b2b08, 0x08080819, 0x2b080819, 0x08080819,
+    0x2b081908, 0x08080819, 0x2b190808, 0x08080819, 0x2b19082b, 0x08080819, 0x2b191919, 0x08080819,
+    0x2b2b0819, 0x08080819, 0x2b2b1908, 0x08080819, 0x08080808, 0x0808082b, 0x0808082b, 0x0808082b,
+    0x08081919, 0x0808082b, 0x08082b08, 0x0808082b, 0x08190819, 0x0808082b, 0x08191908, 0x0808082b,
+    0x082b0808, 0x0808082b, 0x082b2b2b, 0x0808082b, 0x19080819, 0x0808082b, 0x19081908, 0x0808082b,
+    0x1908192b, 0x0808082b, 0x19082b19, 0x0808082b, 0x19190808, 0x0808082b, 0x19191919, 0x0808082b,
+    0x2b080808, 0x0808082b, 0x2b081919, 0x0808082b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x0808082b, 0x2b191908, 0x0808082b,
+    0x2b2b082b, 0x0808082b, 0x08080819, 0x08081908, 0x08081908, 0x08081908, 0x0808192b, 0x08081908,
+    0x08082b19, 0x08081908, 0x08190808, 0x08081908, 0x0819082b, 0x08081908, 0x08191919, 0x08081908,
+    0x08192b08, 0x08081908, 0x082b0819, 0x08081908, 0x082b1908, 0x08081908, 0x082b192b, 0x08081908,
+    0x082b2b19, 0x08081908, 0x19080808, 0x08081908, 0x1908082b, 0x08081908, 0x19081919, 0x08081908,
+    0x19082b08, 0x08081908, 0x19082b2b, 0x08081908, 0x19190819, 0x08081908, 0x19191908, 0x08081908,
+    0x1919192b, 0x08081908, 0x19192b19, 0x08081908, 0x192b0808, 0x08081908, 0x192b082b, 0x08081908,
+    0x192b1919, 0x08081908, 0x2b080819, 0x08081908, 0x2b081908, 0x08081908, 0x2b08192b, 0x08081908,
+    0x2b082b19, 0x08081908, 0x2b190808, 0x08081908, 0x2b191919, 0x08081908, 0x2b192b08, 0x08081908,
+    0x2b2b0819, 0x08081908, 0x2b2b1908, 0x08081908, 0x08080808, 0x08081919, 0x0808082b, 0x08081919,
+    0x08081919, 0x08081919, 0x08082b08, 0x08081919, 0x08082b2b, 0x08081919, 0x08190819, 0x08081919,
+    0x08191908, 0x08081919, 0x0819192b, 0x08081919, 0x08192b19, 0x08081919, 0x082b0808, 0x08081919,
+    0x082b1919, 0x08081919, 0x082b2b08, 0x08081919, 0x19080819, 0x08081919, 0x19081908, 0x08081919,
+    0x1908192b, 0x08081919, 0x19082b19, 0x08081919, 0x19190808, 0x08081919, 0x1919082b, 0x08081919,
+    0x19191919, 0x08081919, 0x19192b08, 0x08081919, 0x192b0819, 0x08081919, 0x192b1908, 0x08081919,
+    0x2b080808, 0x08081919, 0x2b08082b, 0x08081919, 0x2b081919, 0x08081919, 0x2b082b08, 0x08081919,
+    0x2b190819, 0x08081919, 0x2b191908, 0x08081919, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08081919, 0x08080819, 0x0808192b,
+    0x08081908, 0x0808192b, 0x0808192b, 0x0808192b, 0x08082b19, 0x0808192b, 0x08190808, 0x0808192b,
+    0x08191919, 0x0808192b, 0x19080808, 0x0808192b, 0x19081919, 0x0808192b, 0x19082b08, 0x0808192b,
+    0x19190819, 0x0808192b, 0x19191908, 0x0808192b, 0x192b0808, 0x0808192b, 0x2b080819, 0x0808192b,
+    0x2b081908, 0x0808192b, 0x2b190808, 0x0808192b, 0x08080808, 0x08082b08, 0x0808082b, 0x08082b08,
+    0x08081919, 0x08082b08, 0x08082b08, 0x08082b08, 0x08190819, 0x08082b08, 0x08191908, 0x08082b08,
+    0x0819192b, 0x08082b08, 0x08192b19, 0x08082b08, 0x082b0808, 0x08082b08, 0x082b1919, 0x08082b08,
+    0x082b2b2b, 0x08082b08, 0x19080819, 0x08082b08, 0x19081908, 0x08082b08, 0x1908192b, 0x08082b08,
+    0x19082b19, 0x08082b08, 0x19190808, 0x08082b08, 0x1919082b, 0x08082b08, 0x19191919, 0x08082b08,
+    0x19192b08, 0x08082b08, 0x192b0819, 0x08082b08, 0x192b1908, 0x08082b08, 0x2b080808, 0x08082b08,
+    0x2b081919, 0x08082b08, 0x2b191908, 0x08082b08, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x08082b08, 0x08080819, 0x08082b19,
+    0x08081908, 0x08082b19, 0x08190808, 0x08082b19, 0x0819082b, 0x08082b19, 0x08191919, 0x08082b19,
+    0x08192b08, 0x08082b19, 0x082b0819, 0x08082b19, 0x19080808, 0x08082b19, 0x19081919, 0x08082b19,
+    0x19082b08, 0x08082b19, 0x19190819, 0x08082b19, 0x19191908, 0x08082b19, 0x192b0808, 0x08082b19,
+    0x2b080819, 0x08082b19, 0x2b190808, 0x08082b19, 0x08080808, 0x08082b2b, 0x08190819, 0x08082b2b,
+    0x08191908, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b082b, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b2b08, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b2b2b, 0x08082b2b,
+    0x19190808, 0x08082b2b, 0x2b192b19, 0x08082b2b, 0x08080819, 0x08190808, 0x08081908, 0x08190808,
+    0x0808192b, 0x08190808, 0x08082b19, 0x08190808, 0x08190808, 0x08190808, 0x0819082b, 0x08190808,
+    0x08191919, 0x08190808, 0x08192b08, 0x08190808, 0x082b0819, 0x08190808, 0x082b1908, 0x08190808,
+    0x082b192b, 0x08190808, 0x19080808, 0x08190808, 0x1908082b, 0x08190808, 0x19081919, 0x08190808,
+    0x19082b08, 0x08190808, 0x19190819, 0x08190808, 0x19191908, 0x08190808, 0x1919192b, 0x08190808,
+    0x19192b19, 0x08190808, 0x192b0808, 0x08190808, 0x192b082b, 0x08190808, 0x192b1919, 0x08190808,
+    0x192b2b08, 0x08190808, 0x2b080819, 0x08190808, 0x2b081908, 0x08190808, 0x2b08192b, 0x08190808,
+    0x2b190808, 0x08190808, 0x2b191919, 0x08190808, 0x2b192b08, 0x08190808, 0x2b2b0819, 0x08190808,
+    0x2b2b1908, 0x08190808, 0x08080808, 0x08190819, 0x0808082b, 0x08190819, 0x08081919, 0x08190819,
+    0x08082b08, 0x08190819, 0x08082b2b, 0x08190819, 0x08190819, 0x08190819, 0x08191908, 0x08190819,
+    0x0819192b, 0x08190819, 0x08192b19, 0x08190819, 0x082b0808, 0x08190819, 0x082b082b, 0x08190819,
+    0x082b1919, 0x08190819, 0x082b2b08, 0x08190819, 0x19080819, 0x08190819, 0x19081908, 0x08190819,
+    0x1908192b, 0x08190819, 0x19082b19, 0x08190819, 0x19190808, 0x08190819, 0x1919082b, 0x08190819,
+    0x19191919, 0x08190819, 0x19192b08, 0x08190819, 0x192b0819, 0x08190819, 0x192b1908, 0x08190819,
+    0x2b080808, 0x08190819, 0x2b08082b, 0x08190819, 0x2b081919, 0x08190819, 0x2b082b08, 0x08190819,
+    0x2b190819, 0x08190819, 0x2b191908, 0x08190819, 0x08080819, 0x0819082b, 0x08081908, 0x0819082b,
+    0x08082b19, 0x0819082b, 0x08190808, 0x0819082b, 0x08191919, 0x0819082b, 0x082b0819, 0x0819082b,
+    0x082b1908, 0x0819082b, 0x19080808, 0x0819082b, 0x19081919, 0x0819082b, 0x19190819, 0x0819082b,
+    0x19191908, 0x0819082b, 0x2b080819, 0x0819082b, 0x2b081908, 0x0819082b, 0x2b190808, 0x0819082b,
+    0x08080808, 0x08191908, 0x0808082b, 0x08191908, 0x08081919, 0x08191908, 0x08082b08, 0x08191908,
+    0x08190819, 0x08191908, 0x08191908, 0x08191908, 0x0819192b, 0x08191908, 0x08192b19, 0x08191908,
+    0x082b0808, 0x08191908, 0x082b1919, 0x08191908, 0x082b2b08, 0x08191908, 0x19080819, 0x08191908,
+    0x19081908, 0x08191908, 0x1908192b, 0x08191908, 0x19082b19, 0x08191908, 0x19190808, 0x08191908,
+    0x1919082b, 0x08191908, 0x19191919, 0x08191908, 0x19192b08, 0x08191908, 0x192b0819, 0x08191908,
+    0x192b1908, 0x08191908, 0x2b080808, 0x08191908, 0x2b08082b, 0x08191908, 0x2b081919, 0x08191908,
+    0x2b082b08, 0x08191908, 0x2b190819, 0x08191908, 0x2b191908, 0x08191908, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08191908,
+    0x08080819, 0x08191919, 0x08081908, 0x08191919, 0x0808192b, 0x08191919, 0x08082b19, 0x08191919,
+    0x08190808, 0x08191919, 0x0819082b, 0x08191919, 0x08191919, 0x08191919, 0x08192b08, 0x08191919,
+    0x082b0819, 0x08191919, 0x082b1908, 0x08191919, 0x19080808, 0x08191919, 0x1908082b, 0x08191919,
+    0x19081919, 0x08191919, 0x19082b08, 0x08191919, 0x19190819, 0x08191919, 0x19191908, 0x08191919,
+    0x192b0808, 0x08191919, 0x2b080819, 0x08191919, 0x2b081908, 0x08191919, 0x2b190808, 0x08191919,
+    0x08080808, 0x0819192b, 0x08081919, 0x0819192b, 0x08082b08, 0x0819192b, 0x08190819, 0x0819192b,
+    0x08191908, 0x0819192b, 0x082b0808, 0x0819192b, 0x19080819, 0x0819192b, 0x19081908, 0x0819192b,
+    0x19190808, 0x0819192b, 0x2b080808, 0x0819192b, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x0819192b, 0x08080819, 0x08192b08,
+    0x08081908, 0x08192b08, 0x0808192b, 0x08192b08, 0x08082b19, 0x08192b08, 0x08190808, 0x08192b08,
+    0x08191919, 0x08192b08, 0x08192b08, 0x08192b08, 0x082b0819, 0x08192b08, 0x19080808, 0x08192b08,
+    0x1908082b, 0x08192b08, 0x19081919, 0x08192b08, 0x19082b08, 0x08192b08, 0x19190819, 0x08192b08,
+    0x19191908, 0x08192b08, 0x192b0808, 0x08192b08, 0x2b080819, 0x08192b08, 0x2b081908, 0x08192b08,
+    0x08080808, 0x08192b19, 0x0808082b, 0x08192b19, 0x08081919, 0x08192b19, 0x08082b08, 0x08192b19,
+    0x08190819, 0x08192b19, 0x08191908, 0x08192b19, 0x082b0808, 0x08192b19, 0x19080819, 0x08192b19,
+    0x19081908, 0x08192b19, 0x19190808, 0x08192b19, 0x192b2b19, 0x08192b19, 0x2b2b082b, 0x08192b19,
+    0x08081908, 0x08192b2b, 0x08190808, 0x08192b2b, 0x19080808, 0x08192b2b, 0x1919192b, 0x08192b2b,
+    0x08080808, 0x082b0808, 0x0808082b, 0x082b0808, 0x08081919, 0x082b0808, 0x08082b08, 0x082b0808,
+    0x08190819, 0x082b0808, 0x08191908, 0x082b0808, 0x0819192b, 0x082b0808, 0x08192b19, 0x082b0808,
+    0x082b0808, 0x082b0808, 0x082b1919, 0x082b0808, 0x082b2b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x19080819, 0x082b0808,
+    0x19081908, 0x082b0808, 0x19190808, 0x082b0808, 0x1919082b, 0x082b0808, 0x19191919, 0x082b0808,
+    0x192b1908, 0x082b0808, 0x2b080808, 0x082b0808, 0x2b082b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x2b191908, 0x082b0808,
+    0x2b2b2b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x08080819, 0x082b0819, 0x08081908, 0x082b0819, 0x08190808, 0x082b0819,
+    0x0819082b, 0x082b0819, 0x08191919, 0x082b0819, 0x082b0819, 0x082b0819, 0x19080808, 0x082b0819,
+    0x1908082b, 0x082b0819, 0x19081919, 0x082b0819, 0x19190819, 0x082b0819, 0x19191908, 0x082b0819,
+    0x192b0808, 0x082b0819, 0x2b080819, 0x082b0819, 0x2b081908, 0x082b0819, 0x2b190808, 0x082b0819,
+    0x08080808, 0x082b082b, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b082b, 0x082b082b, 0x082b082b, 0x082b2b08, 0x082b082b,
+    0x082b2b2b, 0x082b082b, 0x19081908, 0x082b082b, 0x19190808, 0x082b082b, 0x2b082b08, 0x082b082b,
+    0x2b082b2b, 0x082b082b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x082b082b, 0x08080819, 0x082b1908, 0x08081908, 0x082b1908,
+    0x0808192b, 0x082b1908, 0x08082b19, 0x082b1908, 0x08190808, 0x082b1908, 0x08191919, 0x082b1908,
+    0x08192b08, 0x082b1908, 0x082b0819, 0x082b1908, 0x082b1908, 0x082b1908, 0x19080808, 0x082b1908,
+    0x1908082b, 0x082b1908, 0x19081919, 0x082b1908, 0x19082b08, 0x082b1908, 0x19190819, 0x082b1908,
+    0x19191908, 0x082b1908, 0x192b0808, 0x082b1908, 0x2b080819, 0x082b1908, 0x2b081908, 0x082b1908,
+    0x2b190808, 0x082b1908, 0x08080808, 0x082b1919, 0x08081919, 0x082b1919, 0x08082b08, 0x082b1919,
+    0x08190819, 0x082b1919, 0x08191908, 0x082b1919, 0x082b0808, 0x082b1919, 0x19080819, 0x082b1919,
+    0x19081908, 0x082b1919, 0x19190808, 0x082b1919, 0x192b192b, 0x082b1919, 0x2b080808, 0x082b1919,
+    0x08080819, 0x082b192b, 0x08081908, 0x082b192b, 0x08190808, 0x082b192b, 0x19080808, 0x082b192b,
+    0x19192b19, 0x082b192b, 0x08080808, 0x082b2b08, 0x08081919, 0x082b2b08, 0x08190819, 0x082b2b08,
+    0x08191908, 0x082b2b08, 0x19080819, 0x082b2b08, 0x19081908, 0x082b2b08, 0x19190808, 0x082b2b08,
+    0x2b082b2b, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x082b2b08, 0x08080819, 0x082b2b19, 0x08081908, 0x082b2b19,
+    0x08190808, 0x082b2b19, 0x2b191919, 0x082b2b19, 0x08082b2b, 0x082b2b2b, 0x082b082b, 0x082b2b2b,
+    0x192b1908, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b082b08, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x082b2b2b, 0x08080819, 0x19080808,
+    0x08081908, 0x19080808, 0x0808192b, 0x19080808, 0x08082b19, 0x19080808, 0x08190808, 0x19080808,
+    0x0819082b, 0x19080808, 0x08191919, 0x19080808, 0x08192b08, 0x19080808, 0x08192b2b, 0x19080808,
+    0x082b0819, 0x19080808, 0x082b1908, 0x19080808, 0x082b192b, 0x19080808, 0x19080808, 0x19080808,
+    0x1908082b, 0x19080808, 0x19081919, 0x19080808, 0x19082b08, 0x19080808, 0x19082b2b, 0x19080808,
+    0x19190819, 0x19080808, 0x19191908, 0x19080808, 0x1919192b, 0x19080808, 0x19192b19, 0x19080808,
+    0x192b0808, 0x19080808, 0x192b082b, 0x19080808, 0x192b1919, 0x19080808, 0x2b080819, 0x19080808,
+    0x2b081908, 0x19080808, 0x2b190808, 0x19080808, 0x2b191919, 0x19080808, 0x2b192b08, 0x19080808,
+    0x2b2b0819, 0x19080808, 0x2b2b1908, 0x19080808, 0x08080808, 0x19080819, 0x0808082b, 0x19080819,
+    0x08081919, 0x19080819, 0x08082b08, 0x19080819, 0x08190819, 0x19080819, 0x08191908, 0x19080819,
+    0x0819192b, 0x19080819, 0x08192b19, 0x19080819, 0x082b0808, 0x19080819, 0x082b082b, 0x19080819,
+    0x082b1919, 0x19080819, 0x19080819, 0x19080819, 0x19081908, 0x19080819, 0x1908192b, 0x19080819,
+    0x19082b19, 0x19080819, 0x19190808, 0x19080819, 0x1919082b, 0x19080819, 0x19191919, 0x19080819,
+    0x19192b08, 0x19080819, 0x192b0819, 0x19080819, 0x192b1908, 0x19080819, 0x2b080808, 0x19080819,
+    0x2b08082b, 0x19080819, 0x2b081919, 0x19080819, 0x2b082b08, 0x19080819, 0x2b190819, 0x19080819,
+    0x2b191908, 0x19080819, 0x2b2b0808, 0x19080819, 0x08080819, 0x1908082b, 0x08081908, 0x1908082b,
+    0x08190808, 0x1908082b, 0x0819082b, 0x1908082b, 0x08191919, 0x1908082b, 0x08192b08, 0x1908082b,
+    0x082b1908, 0x1908082b, 0x19080808, 0x1908082b, 0x19081919, 0x1908082b, 0x19082b08, 0x1908082b,
+    0x19190819, 0x1908082b, 0x19191908, 0x1908082b, 0x192b0808, 0x1908082b, 0x2b080819, 0x1908082b,
+    0x2b081908, 0x1908082b, 0x08080808, 0x19081908, 0x0808082b, 0x19081908, 0x08081919, 0x19081908,
+    0x08082b08, 0x19081908, 0x08082b2b, 0x19081908, 0x08190819, 0x19081908, 0x08191908, 0x19081908,
+    0x0819192b, 0x19081908, 0x08192b19, 0x19081908, 0x082b0808, 0x19081908, 0x082b082b, 0x19081908,
+    0x082b1919, 0x19081908, 0x082b2b08, 0x19081908, 0x19080819, 0x19081908, 0x19081908, 0x19081908,
+    0x1908192b, 0x19081908, 0x19082b19, 0x19081908, 0x19190808, 0x19081908, 0x1919082b, 0x19081908,
+    0x19191919, 0x19081908, 0x19192b08, 0x19081908, 0x192b0819, 0x19081908, 0x192b1908, 0x19081908,
+    0x2b080808, 0x19081908, 0x2b08082b, 0x19081908, 0x2b081919, 0x19081908, 0x2b082b08, 0x19081908,
+    0x2b190819, 0x19081908, 0x2b191908, 0x19081908, 0x2b2b0808, 0x19081908, 0x08080819, 0x19081919,
+    0x08081908, 0x19081919, 0x0808192b, 0x19081919, 0x08082b19, 0x19081919, 0x08190808, 0x19081919,
+    0x0819082b, 0x19081919, 0x08191919, 0x19081919, 0x08192b08, 0x19081919, 0x082b0819, 0x19081919,
+    0x082b1908, 0x19081919, 0x19080808, 0x19081919, 0x1908082b, 0x19081919, 0x19081919, 0x19081919,
+    0x19082b08, 0x19081919, 0x19190819, 0x19081919, 0x19191908, 0x19081919, 0x192b0808, 0x19081919,
+    0x192b2b2b, 0x19081919, 0x2b080819, 0x19081919, 0x2b081908, 0x19081919, 0x2b190808, 0x19081919,
+    0x08080808, 0x1908192b, 0x0808082b, 0x1908192b, 0x08081919, 0x1908192b, 0x08082b08, 0x1908192b,
+    0x08190819, 0x1908192b, 0x08191908, 0x1908192b, 0x082b0808, 0x1908192b, 0x19080819, 0x1908192b,
+    0x19081908, 0x1908192b, 0x19190808, 0x1908192b, 0x2b080808, 0x1908192b, 0x2b2b1919, 0x1908192b,
+    0x08080819, 0x19082b08, 0x08081908, 0x19082b08, 0x08082b19, 0x19082b08, 0x08190808, 0x19082b08,
+    0x0819082b, 0x19082b08, 0x08191919, 0x19082b08, 0x08192b08, 0x19082b08, 0x082b0819, 0x19082b08,
+    0x082b1908, 0x19082b08, 0x19080808, 0x19082b08, 0x1908082b, 0x19082b08, 0x19081919, 0x19082b08,
+    0x19082b08, 0x19082b08, 0x19190819, 0x19082b08, 0x19191908, 0x19082b08, 0x192b0808, 0x19082b08,
+    0x2b081908, 0x19082b08, 0x2b190808, 0x19082b08, 0x08080808, 0x19082b19, 0x0808082b, 0x19082b19,
+    0x08081919, 0x19082b19, 0x08082b08, 0x19082b19, 0x08190819, 0x19082b19, 0x08191908, 0x19082b19,
+    0x082b0808, 0x19082b19, 0x19080819, 0x19082b19, 0x19081908, 0x19082b19, 0x19190808, 0x19082b19,
+    0x2b080808, 0x19082b19, 0x2b19192b, 0x19082b19, 0x08080819, 0x19082b2b, 0x08081908, 0x19082b2b,
+    0x08190808, 0x19082b2b, 0x19080808, 0x19082b2b, 0x08080808, 0x19190808, 0x0808082b, 0x19190808,
+    0x08081919, 0x19190808, 0x08082b08, 0x19190808, 0x08190819, 0x19190808, 0x08191908, 0x19190808,
+    0x0819192b, 0x19190808, 0x08192b19, 0x19190808, 0x082b0808, 0x19190808, 0x082b082b, 0x19190808,
+    0x082b1919, 0x19190808, 0x082b2b08, 0x19190808, 0x19080819, 0x19190808, 0x19081908, 0x19190808,
+    0x1908192b, 0x19190808, 0x19082b19, 0x19190808, 0x19190808, 0x19190808, 0x1919082b, 0x19190808,
+    0x19191919, 0x19190808, 0x19192b08, 0x19190808, 0x192b0819, 0x19190808, 0x192b1908, 0x19190808,
+    0x2b080808, 0x19190808, 0x2b08082b, 0x19190808, 0x2b081919, 0x19190808, 0x2b082b08, 0x19190808,
+    0x2b190819, 0x19190808, 0x2b191908, 0x19190808, 0x08080819, 0x19190819, 0x08081908, 0x19190819,
+    0x0808192b, 0x19190819, 0x08082b19, 0x19190819, 0x08190808, 0x19190819, 0x0819082b, 0x19190819,
+    0x08191919, 0x19190819, 0x08192b08, 0x19190819, 0x082b0819, 0x19190819, 0x082b1908, 0x19190819,
+    0x19080808, 0x19190819, 0x1908082b, 0x19190819, 0x19081919, 0x19190819, 0x19082b08, 0x19190819,
+    0x19190819, 0x19190819, 0x19191908, 0x19190819, 0x192b0808, 0x19190819, 0x2b080819, 0x19190819,
+    0x2b081908, 0x19190819, 0x2b190808, 0x19190819, 0x08080808, 0x1919082b, 0x08081919, 0x1919082b,
+    0x08082b08, 0x1919082b, 0x08190819, 0x1919082b, 0x08191908, 0x1919082b, 0x082b0808, 0x1919082b,
+    0x19080819, 0x1919082b, 0x19081908, 0x1919082b, 0x19190808, 0x1919082b, 0x192b2b19, 0x1919082b,
+    0x2b080808, 0x1919082b, 0x08080819, 0x19191908, 0x08081908, 0x19191908, 0x0808192b, 0x19191908,
+    0x08082b19, 0x19191908, 0x08190808, 0x19191908, 0x0819082b, 0x19191908, 0x08191919, 0x19191908,
+    0x08192b08, 0x19191908, 0x082b0819, 0x19191908, 0x082b1908, 0x19191908, 0x19080808, 0x19191908,
+    0x1908082b, 0x19191908, 0x19081919, 0x19191908, 0x19082b08, 0x19191908, 0x19190819, 0x19191908,
+    0x19191908, 0x19191908, 0x192b0808, 0x19191908, 0x2b080819, 0x19191908, 0x2b081908, 0x19191908,
+    0x2b190808, 0x19191908, 0x08080808, 0x19191919, 0x0808082b, 0x19191919, 0x08081919, 0x19191919,
+    0x08082b08, 0x19191919, 0x08190819, 0x19191919, 0x08191908, 0x19191919, 0x082b0808, 0x19191919,
+    0x19080819, 0x19191919, 0x19081908, 0x19191919, 0x19190808, 0x19191919, 0x2b080808, 0x19191919,
+    0x08080819, 0x1919192b, 0x08081908, 0x1919192b, 0x08190808, 0x1919192b, 0x082b192b, 0x1919192b,
+    0x19080808, 0x1919192b, 0x08080808, 0x19192b08, 0x0808082b, 0x19192b08, 0x08081919, 0x19192b08,
+    0x08082b08, 0x19192b08, 0x08190819, 0x19192b08, 0x08191908, 0x19192b08, 0x082b0808, 0x19192b08,
+    0x19080819, 0x19192b08, 0x19081908, 0x19192b08, 0x19190808, 0x19192b08, 0x19192b2b, 0x19192b08,
+    0x2b080808, 0x19192b08, 0x08080819, 0x19192b19, 0x08081908, 0x19192b19, 0x08190808, 0x19192b19,
+    0x19080808, 0x19192b19, 0x08080808, 0x19192b2b, 0x08192b19, 0x19192b2b, 0x2b081919, 0x19192b2b,
+    0x2b2b2b08, 0x19192b2b, 0x08080819, 0x192b0808, 0x08081908, 0x192b0808, 0x0808192b, 0x192b0808,
+    0x08190808, 0x192b0808, 0x0819082b, 0x192b0808, 0x08191919, 0x192b0808, 0x08192b08, 0x192b0808,
+    0x082b0819, 0x192b0808, 0x082b1908, 0x192b0808, 0x19080808, 0x192b0808, 0x19081919, 0x192b0808,
+    0x19082b08, 0x192b0808, 0x19190819, 0x192b0808, 0x19191908, 0x192b0808, 0x192b0808, 0x192b0808,
+    0x2b081908, 0x192b0808, 0x2b190808, 0x192b0808, 0x08080808, 0x192b0819, 0x0808082b, 0x192b0819,
+    0x08081919, 0x192b0819, 0x08082b08, 0x192b0819, 0x08190819, 0x192b0819, 0x08191908, 0x192b0819,
+    0x082b0808, 0x192b0819, 0x19080819, 0x192b0819, 0x19081908, 0x192b0819, 0x19190808, 0x192b0819,
+    0x2b080808, 0x192b0819, 0x2b192b19, 0x192b0819, 0x08081908, 0x192b082b, 0x08190808, 0x192b082b,
+    0x19080808, 0x192b082b, 0x1919192b, 0x192b082b, 0x2b2b0819, 0x192b082b, 0x08080808, 0x192b1908,
+    0x08081919, 0x192b1908, 0x08082b08, 0x192b1908, 0x08190819, 0x192b1908, 0x08191908, 0x192b1908,
+    0x082b0808, 0x192b1908, 0x19080819, 0x192b1908, 0x19081908, 0x192b1908, 0x19190808, 0x192b1908,
+    0x2b080808, 0x192b1908, 0x08080819, 0x192b1919, 0x08081908, 0x192b1919, 0x08190808, 0x192b1919,
+    0x19080808, 0x192b1919, 0x19082b2b, 0x192b1919, 0x192b2b08, 0x192b1919, 0x2b19082b, 0x192b1919,
+    0x08080808, 0x192b192b, 0x2b191908, 0x192b192b, 0x08080819, 0x192b2b08, 0x08081908, 0x192b2b08,
+    0x08190808, 0x192b2b08, 0x192b1919, 0x192b2b08, 0x2b192b08, 0x192b2b08, 0x08080808, 0x192b2b19,
+    0x082b2b2b, 0x192b2b19, 0x1908082b, 0x192b2b2b, 0x2b2b0819, 0x192b2b2b, 0x08080808, 0x2b080808,
+    0x0808082b, 0x2b080808, 0x08081919, 0x2b080808, 0x08082b08, 0x2b080808, 0x08190819, 0x2b080808,
+    0x08191908, 0x2b080808, 0x08192b19, 0x2b080808, 0x082b0808, 0x2b080808, 0x082b1919, 0x2b080808,
+    0x19080819, 0x2b080808, 0x19081908, 0x2b080808, 0x19190808, 0x2b080808, 0x1919082b, 0x2b080808,
+    0x19191919, 0x2b080808, 0x19192b08, 0x2b080808, 0x192b0819, 0x2b080808, 0x2b080808, 0x2b080808,
+    0x2b081919, 0x2b080808, 0x2b190819, 0x2b080808, 0x2b191908, 0x2b080808, 0x08080819, 0x2b080819,
+    0x08081908, 0x2b080819, 0x08082b19, 0x2b080819, 0x08190808, 0x2b080819, 0x0819082b, 0x2b080819,
+    0x08191919, 0x2b080819, 0x08192b08, 0x2b080819, 0x082b0819, 0x2b080819, 0x082b1908, 0x2b080819,
+    0x19080808, 0x2b080819, 0x1908082b, 0x2b080819, 0x19081919, 0x2b080819, 0x19082b08, 0x2b080819,
+    0x19190819, 0x2b080819, 0x19191908, 0x2b080819, 0x2b080819, 0x2b080819, 0x2b081908, 0x2b080819,
+    0x2b190808, 0x2b080819, 0x2b2b2b19, 0x2b080819, 0x08080808, 0x2b08082b, 0x08081919, 0x2b08082b,
+    0x08082b2b, 0x2b08082b, 0x08190819, 0x2b08082b, 0x08191908, 0x2b08082b, 0x19080819, 0x2b08082b,
+    0x19081908, 0x2b08082b, 0x19190808, 0x2b08082b, 0x08080819, 0x2b081908, 0x08081908, 0x2b081908,
+    0x0808192b, 0x2b081908, 0x08082b19, 0x2b081908, 0x08190808, 0x2b081908, 0x0819082b, 0x2b081908,
+    0x08191919, 0x2b081908, 0x08192b08, 0x2b081908, 0x082b0819, 0x2b081908, 0x19080808, 0x2b081908,
+    0x1908082b, 0x2b081908, 0x19081919, 0x2b081908, 0x19082b08, 0x2b081908, 0x19190819, 0x2b081908,
+    0x19191908, 0x2b081908, 0x192b0808, 0x2b081908, 0x2b080819, 0x2b081908, 0x2b081908, 0x2b081908,
+    0x2b190808, 0x2b081908, 0x08080808, 0x2b081919, 0x0808082b, 0x2b081919, 0x08081919, 0x2b081919,
+    0x08082b08, 0x2b081919, 0x08190819, 0x2b081919, 0x08191908, 0x2b081919, 0x082b0808, 0x2b081919,
+    0x19080819, 0x2b081919, 0x19081908, 0x2b081919, 0x19190808, 0x2b081919, 0x2b080808, 0x2b081919,
+    0x2b082b2b, 0x2b081919, 0x08080819, 0x2b08192b, 0x08081908, 0x2b08192b, 0x08190808, 0x2b08192b,
+    0x082b2b19, 0x2b08192b, 0x19080808, 0x2b08192b, 0x08080808, 0x2b082b08, 0x08081919, 0x2b082b08,
+    0x08190819, 0x2b082b08, 0x08191908, 0x2b082b08, 0x19080819, 0x2b082b08, 0x19081908, 0x2b082b08,
+    0x19190808, 0x2b082b08, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b082b08, 0x08080819, 0x2b082b19, 0x08081908, 0x2b082b19,
+    0x19080808, 0x2b082b19, 0x192b1919, 0x2b082b19, 0x082b082b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x19192b08, 0x2b082b2b,
+    0x19192b2b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x08080819, 0x2b190808,
+    0x08081908, 0x2b190808, 0x08082b19, 0x2b190808, 0x08190808, 0x2b190808, 0x0819082b, 0x2b190808,
+    0x08191919, 0x2b190808, 0x08192b08, 0x2b190808, 0x082b1908, 0x2b190808, 0x19080808, 0x2b190808,
+    0x1908082b, 0x2b190808, 0x19081919, 0x2b190808, 0x19082b08, 0x2b190808, 0x19190819, 0x2b190808,
+    0x19191908, 0x2b190808, 0x192b0808, 0x2b190808, 0x2b080819, 0x2b190808, 0x2b081908, 0x2b190808,
+    0x2b190808, 0x2b190808, 0x08080808, 0x2b190819, 0x08081919, 0x2b190819, 0x08190819, 0x2b190819,
+    0x08191908, 0x2b190819, 0x19080819, 0x2b190819, 0x19081908, 0x2b190819, 0x19190808, 0x2b190819,
+    0x19192b2b, 0x2b190819, 0x08080819, 0x2b19082b, 0x08081908, 0x2b19082b, 0x08190808, 0x2b19082b,
+    0x19080808, 0x2b19082b, 0x2b2b192b, 0x2b19082b, 0x08080808, 0x2b191908, 0x0808082b, 0x2b191908,
+    0x08081919, 0x2b191908, 0x08082b08, 0x2b191908, 0x08190819, 0x2b191908, 0x08191908, 0x2b191908,
+    0x082b0808, 0x2b191908, 0x19080819, 0x2b191908, 0x19081908, 0x2b191908, 0x19190808, 0x2b191908,
+    0x2b080808, 0x2b191908, 0x2b19192b, 0x2b191908, 0x08080819, 0x2b191919, 0x08081908, 0x2b191919,
+    0x08190808, 0x2b191919, 0x19080808, 0x2b191919, 0x2b192b08, 0x2b191919, 0x2b2b0819, 0x2b191919,
+    0x08080808, 0x2b19192b, 0x1908192b, 0x2b19192b, 0x192b1908, 0x2b19192b, 0x08080819, 0x2b192b08,
+    0x08081908, 0x2b192b08, 0x08190808, 0x2b192b08, 0x082b192b, 0x2b192b08, 0x19080808, 0x2b192b08,
+    0x2b2b2b19, 0x2b192b08, 0x08080808, 0x2b192b19, 0x19082b19, 0x2b192b19, 0x1919082b, 0x2b192b19,
+    0x2b190808, 0x2b192b2b, 0x08080808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08081919, 0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b0808,
+    0x08191908, 0x2b2b0808, 0x082b082b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x19080819, 0x2b2b0808,
+    0x19081908, 0x2b2b0808, 0x19190808, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b0808,
+    0x19080808, 0x2b2b0819, 0x192b1919, 0x2b2b0819, 0x0808082b, 0x2b2b082b, 0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b082b,
+    0x082b082b, 0x2b2b082b, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b082b, 0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b08082b, 0x2b2b082b,
+    0x2b082b08, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b082b2b, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b2b082b, 0x08080819, 0x2b2b1908,
+    0x08081908, 0x2b2b1908, 0x08190808, 0x2b2b1908, 0x19080808, 0x2b2b1908, 0x2b082b19, 0x2b2b1908,
+    0x2b2b1908, 0x2b2b1908, 0x08080808, 0x2b2b1919, 0x08192b19, 0x2b2b1919, 0x19190819, 0x2b2b192b,
+    0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b2b082b, 0x2b2b2b08, 0x19191908, 0x2b2b2b19,
+    0x2b08192b, 0x2b2b2b19, 0x08082b08, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x082b0808, 0x2b2b2b2b,
+    0x082b082b, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b082b08, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b
+);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_XXS_GRID
+const iq3xxs_grid = array<u32, 256>(
+    0x04040404, 0x04040414, 0x04040424, 0x04040c0c, 0x04040c1c, 0x04040c3e, 0x04041404, 0x04041414,
+    0x04041c0c, 0x04042414, 0x04043e1c, 0x04043e2c, 0x040c040c, 0x040c041c, 0x040c0c04, 0x040c0c14,
+    0x040c140c, 0x040c142c, 0x040c1c04, 0x040c1c14, 0x040c240c, 0x040c2c24, 0x040c3e04, 0x04140404,
+    0x04140414, 0x04140424, 0x04140c0c, 0x04141404, 0x04141414, 0x04141c0c, 0x04141c1c, 0x04141c3e,
+    0x04142c0c, 0x04142c3e, 0x04143e2c, 0x041c040c, 0x041c043e, 0x041c0c04, 0x041c0c14, 0x041c142c,
+    0x041c3e04, 0x04240c1c, 0x04241c3e, 0x04242424, 0x04242c3e, 0x04243e1c, 0x04243e2c, 0x042c040c,
+    0x042c043e, 0x042c1c14, 0x042c2c14, 0x04341c2c, 0x04343424, 0x043e0c04, 0x043e0c24, 0x043e0c34,
+    0x043e241c, 0x043e340c, 0x0c04040c, 0x0c04041c, 0x0c040c04, 0x0c040c14, 0x0c04140c, 0x0c04141c,
+    0x0c041c04, 0x0c041c14, 0x0c041c24, 0x0c04243e, 0x0c042c04, 0x0c0c0404, 0x0c0c0414, 0x0c0c0c0c,
+    0x0c0c1404, 0x0c0c1414, 0x0c14040c, 0x0c14041c, 0x0c140c04, 0x0c140c14, 0x0c14140c, 0x0c141c04,
+    0x0c143e14, 0x0c1c0404, 0x0c1c0414, 0x0c1c1404, 0x0c1c1c0c, 0x0c1c2434, 0x0c1c3434, 0x0c24040c,
+    0x0c24042c, 0x0c242c04, 0x0c2c1404, 0x0c2c1424, 0x0c2c2434, 0x0c2c3e0c, 0x0c34042c, 0x0c3e1414,
+    0x0c3e2404, 0x14040404, 0x14040414, 0x14040c0c, 0x14040c1c, 0x14041404, 0x14041414, 0x14041434,
+    0x14041c0c, 0x14042414, 0x140c040c, 0x140c041c, 0x140c042c, 0x140c0c04, 0x140c0c14, 0x140c140c,
+    0x140c1c04, 0x140c341c, 0x140c343e, 0x140c3e04, 0x14140404, 0x14140414, 0x14140c0c, 0x14140c3e,
+    0x14141404, 0x14141414, 0x14141c3e, 0x14142404, 0x14142c2c, 0x141c040c, 0x141c0c04, 0x141c0c24,
+    0x141c3e04, 0x141c3e24, 0x14241c2c, 0x14242c1c, 0x142c041c, 0x142c143e, 0x142c240c, 0x142c3e24,
+    0x143e040c, 0x143e041c, 0x143e0c34, 0x143e242c, 0x1c04040c, 0x1c040c04, 0x1c040c14, 0x1c04140c,
+    0x1c04141c, 0x1c042c04, 0x1c04342c, 0x1c043e14, 0x1c0c0404, 0x1c0c0414, 0x1c0c1404, 0x1c0c1c0c,
+    0x1c0c2424, 0x1c0c2434, 0x1c14040c, 0x1c14041c, 0x1c140c04, 0x1c14142c, 0x1c142c14, 0x1c143e14,
+    0x1c1c0c0c, 0x1c1c1c1c, 0x1c241c04, 0x1c24243e, 0x1c243e14, 0x1c2c0404, 0x1c2c0434, 0x1c2c1414,
+    0x1c2c2c2c, 0x1c340c24, 0x1c341c34, 0x1c34341c, 0x1c3e1c1c, 0x1c3e3404, 0x24040424, 0x24040c3e,
+    0x24041c2c, 0x24041c3e, 0x24042c1c, 0x24042c3e, 0x240c3e24, 0x24141404, 0x24141c3e, 0x24142404,
+    0x24143404, 0x24143434, 0x241c043e, 0x241c242c, 0x24240424, 0x24242c0c, 0x24243424, 0x242c142c,
+    0x242c241c, 0x242c3e04, 0x243e042c, 0x243e0c04, 0x243e0c14, 0x243e1c04, 0x2c040c14, 0x2c04240c,
+    0x2c043e04, 0x2c0c0404, 0x2c0c0434, 0x2c0c1434, 0x2c0c2c2c, 0x2c140c24, 0x2c141c14, 0x2c143e14,
+    0x2c1c0414, 0x2c1c2c1c, 0x2c240c04, 0x2c24141c, 0x2c24143e, 0x2c243e14, 0x2c2c0414, 0x2c2c1c0c,
+    0x2c342c04, 0x2c3e1424, 0x2c3e2414, 0x34041424, 0x34042424, 0x34042434, 0x34043424, 0x340c140c,
+    0x340c340c, 0x34140c3e, 0x34143424, 0x341c1c04, 0x341c1c34, 0x34242424, 0x342c042c, 0x342c2c14,
+    0x34341c1c, 0x343e041c, 0x343e140c, 0x3e04041c, 0x3e04042c, 0x3e04043e, 0x3e040c04, 0x3e041c14,
+    0x3e042c14, 0x3e0c1434, 0x3e0c2404, 0x3e140c14, 0x3e14242c, 0x3e142c14, 0x3e1c0404, 0x3e1c0c2c,
+    0x3e1c1c1c, 0x3e1c3404, 0x3e24140c, 0x3e24240c, 0x3e2c0404, 0x3e2c0414, 0x3e2c1424, 0x3e341c04
+);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_S_GRID
+const iq3s_grid = array<u32, 512>(
+    0x01010101, 0x01010103, 0x01010105, 0x0101010b, 0x0101010f, 0x01010301, 0x01010303, 0x01010305,
+    0x01010309, 0x0101030d, 0x01010501, 0x01010503, 0x0101050b, 0x01010707, 0x01010901, 0x01010905,
+    0x0101090b, 0x0101090f, 0x01010b03, 0x01010b07, 0x01010d01, 0x01010d05, 0x01010f03, 0x01010f09,
+    0x01010f0f, 0x01030101, 0x01030103, 0x01030105, 0x01030109, 0x01030301, 0x01030303, 0x0103030b,
+    0x01030501, 0x01030507, 0x0103050f, 0x01030703, 0x0103070b, 0x01030909, 0x01030d03, 0x01030d0b,
+    0x01030f05, 0x01050101, 0x01050103, 0x0105010b, 0x0105010f, 0x01050301, 0x01050307, 0x0105030d,
+    0x01050503, 0x0105050b, 0x01050701, 0x01050709, 0x01050905, 0x0105090b, 0x0105090f, 0x01050b03,
+    0x01050b07, 0x01050f01, 0x01050f07, 0x01070107, 0x01070303, 0x0107030b, 0x01070501, 0x01070505,
+    0x01070703, 0x01070707, 0x0107070d, 0x01070909, 0x01070b01, 0x01070b05, 0x01070d0f, 0x01070f03,
+    0x01070f0b, 0x01090101, 0x01090307, 0x0109030f, 0x01090503, 0x01090509, 0x01090705, 0x01090901,
+    0x01090907, 0x01090b03, 0x01090f01, 0x010b0105, 0x010b0109, 0x010b0501, 0x010b0505, 0x010b050d,
+    0x010b0707, 0x010b0903, 0x010b090b, 0x010b090f, 0x010b0d0d, 0x010b0f07, 0x010d010d, 0x010d0303,
+    0x010d0307, 0x010d0703, 0x010d0b05, 0x010d0f03, 0x010f0101, 0x010f0105, 0x010f0109, 0x010f0501,
+    0x010f0505, 0x010f050d, 0x010f0707, 0x010f0b01, 0x010f0b09, 0x03010101, 0x03010103, 0x03010105,
+    0x03010109, 0x03010301, 0x03010303, 0x03010307, 0x0301030b, 0x0301030f, 0x03010501, 0x03010505,
+    0x03010703, 0x03010709, 0x0301070d, 0x03010b09, 0x03010b0d, 0x03010d03, 0x03010f05, 0x03030101,
+    0x03030103, 0x03030107, 0x0303010d, 0x03030301, 0x03030309, 0x03030503, 0x03030701, 0x03030707,
+    0x03030903, 0x03030b01, 0x03030b05, 0x03030f01, 0x03030f0d, 0x03050101, 0x03050305, 0x0305030b,
+    0x0305030f, 0x03050501, 0x03050509, 0x03050705, 0x03050901, 0x03050907, 0x03050b0b, 0x03050d01,
+    0x03050f05, 0x03070103, 0x03070109, 0x0307010f, 0x03070301, 0x03070307, 0x03070503, 0x0307050f,
+    0x03070701, 0x03070709, 0x03070903, 0x03070d05, 0x03070f01, 0x03090107, 0x0309010b, 0x03090305,
+    0x03090309, 0x03090703, 0x03090707, 0x03090905, 0x0309090d, 0x03090b01, 0x03090b09, 0x030b0103,
+    0x030b0301, 0x030b0307, 0x030b0503, 0x030b0701, 0x030b0705, 0x030b0b03, 0x030d0501, 0x030d0509,
+    0x030d050f, 0x030d0909, 0x030d090d, 0x030f0103, 0x030f0107, 0x030f0301, 0x030f0305, 0x030f0503,
+    0x030f070b, 0x030f0903, 0x030f0d05, 0x030f0f01, 0x05010101, 0x05010103, 0x05010107, 0x0501010b,
+    0x0501010f, 0x05010301, 0x05010305, 0x05010309, 0x0501030d, 0x05010503, 0x05010507, 0x0501050f,
+    0x05010701, 0x05010705, 0x05010903, 0x05010907, 0x0501090b, 0x05010b01, 0x05010b05, 0x05010d0f,
+    0x05010f01, 0x05010f07, 0x05010f0b, 0x05030101, 0x05030105, 0x05030301, 0x05030307, 0x0503030f,
+    0x05030505, 0x0503050b, 0x05030703, 0x05030709, 0x05030905, 0x05030b03, 0x05050103, 0x05050109,
+    0x0505010f, 0x05050503, 0x05050507, 0x05050701, 0x0505070f, 0x05050903, 0x05050b07, 0x05050b0f,
+    0x05050f03, 0x05050f09, 0x05070101, 0x05070105, 0x0507010b, 0x05070303, 0x05070505, 0x05070509,
+    0x05070703, 0x05070707, 0x05070905, 0x05070b01, 0x05070d0d, 0x05090103, 0x0509010f, 0x05090501,
+    0x05090507, 0x05090705, 0x0509070b, 0x05090903, 0x05090f05, 0x05090f0b, 0x050b0109, 0x050b0303,
+    0x050b0505, 0x050b070f, 0x050b0901, 0x050b0b07, 0x050b0f01, 0x050d0101, 0x050d0105, 0x050d010f,
+    0x050d0503, 0x050d0b0b, 0x050d0d03, 0x050f010b, 0x050f0303, 0x050f050d, 0x050f0701, 0x050f0907,
+    0x050f0b01, 0x07010105, 0x07010303, 0x07010307, 0x0701030b, 0x0701030f, 0x07010505, 0x07010703,
+    0x07010707, 0x0701070b, 0x07010905, 0x07010909, 0x0701090f, 0x07010b03, 0x07010d07, 0x07010f03,
+    0x07030103, 0x07030107, 0x0703010b, 0x07030309, 0x07030503, 0x07030507, 0x07030901, 0x07030d01,
+    0x07030f05, 0x07030f0d, 0x07050101, 0x07050305, 0x07050501, 0x07050705, 0x07050709, 0x07050b01,
+    0x07070103, 0x07070301, 0x07070309, 0x07070503, 0x07070507, 0x0707050f, 0x07070701, 0x07070903,
+    0x07070907, 0x0707090f, 0x07070b0b, 0x07070f07, 0x07090107, 0x07090303, 0x0709030d, 0x07090505,
+    0x07090703, 0x07090b05, 0x07090d01, 0x07090d09, 0x070b0103, 0x070b0301, 0x070b0305, 0x070b050b,
+    0x070b0705, 0x070b0909, 0x070b0b0d, 0x070b0f07, 0x070d030d, 0x070d0903, 0x070f0103, 0x070f0107,
+    0x070f0501, 0x070f0505, 0x070f070b, 0x09010101, 0x09010109, 0x09010305, 0x09010501, 0x09010509,
+    0x0901050f, 0x09010705, 0x09010903, 0x09010b01, 0x09010f01, 0x09030105, 0x0903010f, 0x09030303,
+    0x09030307, 0x09030505, 0x09030701, 0x0903070b, 0x09030907, 0x09030b03, 0x09030b0b, 0x09050103,
+    0x09050107, 0x09050301, 0x0905030b, 0x09050503, 0x09050707, 0x09050901, 0x09050b0f, 0x09050d05,
+    0x09050f01, 0x09070109, 0x09070303, 0x09070307, 0x09070501, 0x09070505, 0x09070703, 0x0907070b,
+    0x09090101, 0x09090105, 0x09090509, 0x0909070f, 0x09090901, 0x09090f03, 0x090b010b, 0x090b010f,
+    0x090b0503, 0x090b0d05, 0x090d0307, 0x090d0709, 0x090d0d01, 0x090f0301, 0x090f030b, 0x090f0701,
+    0x090f0907, 0x090f0b03, 0x0b010105, 0x0b010301, 0x0b010309, 0x0b010505, 0x0b010901, 0x0b010909,
+    0x0b01090f, 0x0b010b05, 0x0b010d0d, 0x0b010f09, 0x0b030103, 0x0b030107, 0x0b03010b, 0x0b030305,
+    0x0b030503, 0x0b030705, 0x0b030f05, 0x0b050101, 0x0b050303, 0x0b050507, 0x0b050701, 0x0b05070d,
+    0x0b050b07, 0x0b070105, 0x0b07010f, 0x0b070301, 0x0b07050f, 0x0b070909, 0x0b070b03, 0x0b070d0b,
+    0x0b070f07, 0x0b090103, 0x0b090109, 0x0b090501, 0x0b090705, 0x0b09090d, 0x0b0b0305, 0x0b0b050d,
+    0x0b0b0b03, 0x0b0b0b07, 0x0b0d0905, 0x0b0f0105, 0x0b0f0109, 0x0b0f0505, 0x0d010303, 0x0d010307,
+    0x0d01030b, 0x0d010703, 0x0d010707, 0x0d010d01, 0x0d030101, 0x0d030501, 0x0d03050f, 0x0d030d09,
+    0x0d050305, 0x0d050709, 0x0d050905, 0x0d050b0b, 0x0d050d05, 0x0d050f01, 0x0d070101, 0x0d070309,
+    0x0d070503, 0x0d070901, 0x0d09050b, 0x0d090907, 0x0d090d05, 0x0d0b0101, 0x0d0b0107, 0x0d0b0709,
+    0x0d0b0d01, 0x0d0d010b, 0x0d0d0901, 0x0d0f0303, 0x0d0f0307, 0x0f010101, 0x0f010109, 0x0f01010f,
+    0x0f010501, 0x0f010505, 0x0f01070d, 0x0f010901, 0x0f010b09, 0x0f010d05, 0x0f030105, 0x0f030303,
+    0x0f030509, 0x0f030907, 0x0f03090b, 0x0f050103, 0x0f050109, 0x0f050301, 0x0f05030d, 0x0f050503,
+    0x0f050701, 0x0f050b03, 0x0f070105, 0x0f070705, 0x0f07070b, 0x0f070b07, 0x0f090103, 0x0f09010b,
+    0x0f090307, 0x0f090501, 0x0f090b01, 0x0f0b0505, 0x0f0b0905, 0x0f0d0105, 0x0f0d0703, 0x0f0f0101
+);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(IQ1_S_GRID) || defined(IQ1_M_GRID)
+
+const IQ1_DELTA: f32 = 0.125;
+
+const iq1_grid = array<u32, 1024>(
+    0xfffdffff, 0xfff7fff0, 0xffccfff5, 0xffdfffc0, 0xffd7ffdd, 0xff30ffd5, 0xff03ff0c, 0xff10ff01,
+    0xff7dff7f, 0xff75ff77, 0xff5fff40, 0xff57ff5d, 0xfcf3ff55, 0xfcccfcf0, 0xfcc1fcc3, 0xfcc5fcc4,
+    0xfc3cfcd0, 0xfc34fc31, 0xfc00fc0d, 0xfc1cfc05, 0xfc11fc13, 0xfc70fc17, 0xfc43fc4c, 0xfc50fc41,
+    0xfdfdfdff, 0xfdf5fdf7, 0xfddffdc0, 0xfdd7fddd, 0xfd30fdd5, 0xfd04fd0c, 0xfd14fd13, 0xfd7dfd7f,
+    0xfd75fd77, 0xfd40fd4c, 0xfd5ffd44, 0xfd57fd5d, 0xf3ccfd55, 0xf3c1f3c3, 0xf33cf3d0, 0xf300f334,
+    0xf313f305, 0xf34cf310, 0xf350f344, 0xf0f3f0fc, 0xf0f1f0f0, 0xf0c7f0c0, 0xf0d4f0c5, 0xf030f03f,
+    0xf00ff035, 0xf003f00c, 0xf001f000, 0xf01ff004, 0xf010f01d, 0xf015f017, 0xf04cf07c, 0xf047f040,
+    0xf05cf045, 0xf050f053, 0xf054f051, 0xf1c4f1c3, 0xf133f13c, 0xf10df10f, 0xf107f100, 0xf11cf11f,
+    0xf114f111, 0xf14cf170, 0xf144f143, 0xf7fdf7ff, 0xf7f5f7f7, 0xf7dff7c0, 0xf7d7f7dd, 0xf730f7d5,
+    0xf701f70c, 0xf77ff710, 0xf777f77d, 0xf740f775, 0xf75df75f, 0xf755f757, 0xf4ccf4f0, 0xf4c4f4c3,
+    0xf4d0f4d3, 0xf40ff43c, 0xf400f40c, 0xf413f41c, 0xf44cf414, 0xf441f443, 0xf450f444, 0xf5fdf5ff,
+    0xf5f5f5f7, 0xf5dff5c0, 0xf5d7f5dd, 0xf530f5d5, 0xf504f50c, 0xf510f51c, 0xf57df57f, 0xf577f570,
+    0xf540f575, 0xf55df55f, 0xf555f557, 0xcfcccfcf, 0xcfc4cfc3, 0xcfd0cfd3, 0xcf33cf3c, 0xcf00cf0f,
+    0xcf1ccf07, 0xcf10cf13, 0xcf4ccf14, 0xcf41cf43, 0xcf50cf5c, 0xccf3ccfc, 0xccf4ccf1, 0xcccdcccf,
+    0xccc7ccc0, 0xccd3ccdc, 0xcc30ccd4, 0xcc0fcc35, 0xcc0dcc0c, 0xcc00cc03, 0xcc04cc01, 0xcc10cc1f,
+    0xcc4dcc73, 0xcc5ccc40, 0xcdcccc53, 0xcdc1cdc3, 0xcd3fcdd0, 0xcd34cd31, 0xcd00cd0d, 0xcd05cd07,
+    0xcd11cd13, 0xcd4ccd70, 0xcd41cd43, 0xc3fccd50, 0xc3f4c3f1, 0xc3c0c3c3, 0xc3c4c3c7, 0xc3d1c3dc,
+    0xc330c33c, 0xc337c331, 0xc30cc335, 0xc300c303, 0xc304c301, 0xc310c31d, 0xc373c317, 0xc34fc374,
+    0xc340c343, 0xc344c347, 0xc35cc345, 0xc350c353, 0xc0fdc354, 0xc0f5c0f0, 0xc0c3c0cc, 0xc0c1c0c0,
+    0xc0dfc0c4, 0xc0d0c0dd, 0xc0d5c0d7, 0xc033c03c, 0xc031c030, 0xc00dc00c, 0xc000c003, 0xc004c001,
+    0xc01cc005, 0xc010c013, 0xc014c011, 0xc07dc07f, 0xc070c073, 0xc075c077, 0xc04cc04f, 0xc040c043,
+    0xc044c041, 0xc05fc045, 0xc050c05d, 0xc1f3c1fc, 0xc1f1c1f0, 0xc1c1c1c0, 0xc1c5c1c7, 0xc1d1c1dc,
+    0xc13dc13f, 0xc130c133, 0xc135c137, 0xc100c10c, 0xc107c101, 0xc11cc104, 0xc110c113, 0xc114c117,
+    0xc171c115, 0xc14dc175, 0xc153c140, 0xc7ccc154, 0xc7d0c7c1, 0xc733c73c, 0xc734c731, 0xc700c70f,
+    0xc705c707, 0xc71cc71f, 0xc711c713, 0xc770c714, 0xc743c74c, 0xc4cfc750, 0xc4c0c4cd, 0xc4dcc4c5,
+    0xc43dc4d0, 0xc430c433, 0xc40cc437, 0xc400c403, 0xc404c401, 0xc41fc405, 0xc415c410, 0xc44cc474,
+    0xc440c44d, 0xc45cc447, 0xc454c451, 0xc5c1c5f4, 0xc5d1c5d3, 0xc531c533, 0xc50fc534, 0xc500c50d,
+    0xc51cc507, 0xc514c511, 0xc54cc570, 0xc545c541, 0xdffddfff, 0xdff5dff7, 0xdfdfdfc0, 0xdfd0dfdd,
+    0xdfd5dfd7, 0xdf0cdf30, 0xdf1cdf04, 0xdf7fdf10, 0xdf77df7d, 0xdf40df75, 0xdf5ddf5f, 0xdf57df50,
+    0xdcf0df55, 0xdcc3dccc, 0xdcd0dcc4, 0xdc33dc3d, 0xdc00dc34, 0xdc05dc07, 0xdc13dc1c, 0xdc11dc10,
+    0xdc4fdc70, 0xdc44dc41, 0xddfcdc50, 0xddf5ddf7, 0xddc0ddcc, 0xdddddddf, 0xddd5ddd7, 0xdd0cdd30,
+    0xdd04dd01, 0xdd7cdd10, 0xdd75dd77, 0xdd40dd4c, 0xdd5ddd5f, 0xdd55dd57, 0xd3c3d3f0, 0xd3c4d3c1,
+    0xd333d3d0, 0xd331d330, 0xd30dd334, 0xd307d300, 0xd311d305, 0xd34cd370, 0xd344d343, 0xd350d35c,
+    0xd0c0d0f4, 0xd0d4d0dc, 0xd030d03f, 0xd00cd037, 0xd000d003, 0xd01dd004, 0xd017d010, 0xd04fd074,
+    0xd040d043, 0xd045d047, 0xd053d05c, 0xd054d051, 0xd1cfd1f0, 0xd1c4d1cd, 0xd13cd1d0, 0xd100d134,
+    0xd11cd11f, 0xd173d114, 0xd14fd171, 0xd7ffd145, 0xd7f7d7fd, 0xd7c0d7f5, 0xd7ddd7df, 0xd7d5d7d7,
+    0xd70cd730, 0xd710d703, 0xd77dd77f, 0xd775d777, 0xd75dd75f, 0xd755d757, 0xd4ccd4f4, 0xd4c4d4c3,
+    0xd431d4d0, 0xd40dd434, 0xd41cd400, 0xd411d413, 0xd470d414, 0xd441d44f, 0xd453d444, 0xd5ffd450,
+    0xd5f7d5fd, 0xd5dfd5f5, 0xd5d7d5dd, 0xd530d5d5, 0xd501d50c, 0xd510d504, 0xd57dd57f, 0xd575d577,
+    0xd55fd540, 0xd557d55d, 0x3ff0d555, 0x3fc13fcc, 0x3f343fd0, 0x3f003f0d, 0x3f053f07, 0x3f133f1c,
+    0x3f433f11, 0x3f5c3f44, 0x3cff3f51, 0x3cf33cfc, 0x3cf43cf1, 0x3cc03ccd, 0x3cc73cc1, 0x3cdc3cc5,
+    0x3cd43cd1, 0x3c373c30, 0x3c0c3c35, 0x3c003c03, 0x3c043c01, 0x3c103c05, 0x3c153c17, 0x3c733c7c,
+    0x3c4f3c71, 0x3c403c4d, 0x3c5c3c5f, 0x3df03c5d, 0x3dc33dcc, 0x3dd03dc1, 0x3d0d3d3c, 0x3d053d00,
+    0x3d143d13, 0x3d433d74, 0x33fc3d50, 0x33c433c0, 0x333033d4, 0x33353337, 0x3303330c, 0x33013300,
+    0x331d331c, 0x33173310, 0x337c3315, 0x33743371, 0x334d334f, 0x335f3340, 0x3354335c, 0x30fd30fc,
+    0x30f530f0, 0x30c330cc, 0x30c130c0, 0x30df30c4, 0x30d530d0, 0x3033303c, 0x30313030, 0x300f3034,
+    0x3003300c, 0x30013000, 0x30043007, 0x3013301c, 0x30113010, 0x307d3014, 0x30703073, 0x304c3077,
+    0x30403043, 0x30443041, 0x30503045, 0x30553057, 0x31f031fc, 0x31c331f4, 0x31c731c0, 0x31dc31c5,
+    0x31d431d3, 0x313d313f, 0x31373130, 0x310c310f, 0x3100310d, 0x31043101, 0x3110311d, 0x317c3117,
+    0x31753170, 0x31403143, 0x3153315c, 0x37f03151, 0x37c037cc, 0x37d037c5, 0x3734373d, 0x3700370f,
+    0x371c3707, 0x37113713, 0x37703714, 0x3743374c, 0x37443741, 0x34fc3750, 0x34f134f0, 0x34cf34f5,
+    0x34c034c3, 0x34dc34c7, 0x34d134d3, 0x3430343f, 0x340c3435, 0x3403340d, 0x34013400, 0x341f3404,
+    0x3410341d, 0x34153411, 0x34743471, 0x3440344d, 0x34473441, 0x3453345c, 0x34543451, 0x353335c1,
+    0x35343531, 0x35073500, 0x35133505, 0x35433514, 0x0ffc3550, 0x0ff00ff3, 0x0ff40ff1, 0x0fc00fcd,
+    0x0fdc0fc5, 0x0fd40fd3, 0x0f300f3f, 0x0f0c0f37, 0x0f000f03, 0x0f040f01, 0x0f170f10, 0x0f740f71,
+    0x0f470f40, 0x0f5c0f5f, 0x0f540f51, 0x0cf70cf0, 0x0cf50cf4, 0x0cc30ccc, 0x0cc10cc0, 0x0cc40cc7,
+    0x0cd00cdf, 0x0cd70cd1, 0x0c3c0cd5, 0x0c300c33, 0x0c340c31, 0x0c0c0c0f, 0x0c030c0d, 0x0c010c00,
+    0x0c040c07, 0x0c1c0c05, 0x0c100c13, 0x0c140c11, 0x0c700c7d, 0x0c430c4c, 0x0c410c40, 0x0c5f0c44,
+    0x0c550c50, 0x0df10dfc, 0x0dc00dcd, 0x0ddc0dc5, 0x0d3d0dd3, 0x0d350d30, 0x0d030d0c, 0x0d010d00,
+    0x0d1d0d04, 0x0d700d10, 0x0d4d0d4f, 0x0d440d40, 0x0d530d45, 0x03f003f3, 0x03c303cc, 0x03c103c0,
+    0x03c403c7, 0x03d003dc, 0x03d503d7, 0x0333033c, 0x03310330, 0x03350334, 0x030c030f, 0x03000303,
+    0x03070301, 0x03050304, 0x031d031c, 0x03100313, 0x03140311, 0x0377037f, 0x034c0375, 0x03400343,
+    0x03440341, 0x0353035c, 0x03550350, 0x00fd00fc, 0x00f000f3, 0x00f400f1, 0x00cc00cf, 0x00c300cd,
+    0x00c100c0, 0x00c500c4, 0x00d300dc, 0x00d100d0, 0x003f00d4, 0x003d003c, 0x00300033, 0x00370031,
+    0x000f0034, 0x000d000c, 0x00000003, 0x00070001, 0x00050004, 0x001c001f, 0x00100013, 0x00170011,
+    0x00150014, 0x0073007c, 0x00740070, 0x004f0075, 0x0043004c, 0x00410040, 0x00440047, 0x0053005c,
+    0x00510050, 0x01ff0054, 0x01fd01fc, 0x01f101f3, 0x01f401f7, 0x01c301cc, 0x01c701c0, 0x01df01c4,
+    0x01dd01dc, 0x01d001d3, 0x01d701d1, 0x013c01d4, 0x01310130, 0x01340137, 0x010f0135, 0x010d010c,
+    0x01000103, 0x01070101, 0x01050104, 0x0113011c, 0x01140110, 0x0170017d, 0x01770171, 0x01750174,
+    0x0140014c, 0x015d0145, 0x01510150, 0x01540157, 0x07f007f3, 0x07f407f1, 0x07c007cf, 0x07dc07c7,
+    0x073007d5, 0x07350737, 0x0703070c, 0x07010700, 0x07040707, 0x071d071f, 0x07100713, 0x0774077d,
+    0x074d074f, 0x07470740, 0x0754075c, 0x04fd04fc, 0x04f504f0, 0x04c304cc, 0x04c104c0, 0x04d004c4,
+    0x0433043c, 0x04310430, 0x040f0434, 0x040d040c, 0x04000403, 0x04070401, 0x04050404, 0x0413041c,
+    0x04110410, 0x047c0414, 0x04740470, 0x0443044c, 0x04410440, 0x04440447, 0x05f30450, 0x05c005f7,
+    0x05df05c5, 0x05d105d0, 0x053005d4, 0x05340537, 0x0500050c, 0x05070501, 0x051d0504, 0x05170510,
+    0x057c0515, 0x054d0575, 0x05410540, 0x05450547, 0x1ff0055c, 0x1fc11fc3, 0x1fd01fc4, 0x1f0f1f33,
+    0x1f011f00, 0x1f051f07, 0x1f131f1c, 0x1f141f11, 0x1f411f7c, 0x1cfc1f50, 0x1cf11cf3, 0x1ccd1cf4,
+    0x1cdc1cc0, 0x1cd11cdd, 0x1c301cd4, 0x1c0c1c34, 0x1c011c00, 0x1c101c04, 0x1c151c11, 0x1c751c73,
+    0x1c401c4d, 0x1c511c5c, 0x1dcc1c54, 0x1dc41dc1, 0x1d3c1d3f, 0x1d001d31, 0x1d071d01, 0x1d701d1f,
+    0x1d411d4c, 0x13cc1d50, 0x13c013cd, 0x13c513c1, 0x13d113dc, 0x133f13d4, 0x1330133d, 0x13351337,
+    0x1303130c, 0x13011300, 0x13051304, 0x131d131f, 0x13731310, 0x13741370, 0x134d134f, 0x13401343,
+    0x13471341, 0x135c1345, 0x13541353, 0x10f710f0, 0x10cc10f5, 0x10c110c0, 0x103310c4, 0x10311030,
+    0x100f1034, 0x1003100c, 0x10011000, 0x101c1004, 0x10101013, 0x10141011, 0x10741071, 0x104c1075,
+    0x10411040, 0x10451044, 0x1050105d, 0x10571051, 0x11f411fd, 0x11df11c0, 0x11d711d1, 0x113f11d4,
+    0x11371130, 0x110c1135, 0x11001103, 0x11071101, 0x111f1105, 0x11171110, 0x117d117f, 0x11751170,
+    0x11411143, 0x11441147, 0x1153115f, 0x11551151, 0x17c417c1, 0x173c17d0, 0x1700170d, 0x171c1705,
+    0x17701714, 0x1747174c, 0x14fc1751, 0x14cf14f3, 0x14dc14c0, 0x14d114d3, 0x143f14d4, 0x1430143c,
+    0x14371431, 0x1403140c, 0x14011400, 0x141f1404, 0x14151410, 0x1473147d, 0x14401475, 0x1453145c,
+    0x14541450, 0x15c115cc, 0x153c15c7, 0x15341533, 0x1500150f, 0x15051507, 0x15101513, 0x15711514,
+    0x15471543, 0x15511545, 0x7ffd7fff, 0x7ff57ff7, 0x7fdd7fdf, 0x7fd57fd7, 0x7f0f7f30, 0x7f037f0c,
+    0x7f047f01, 0x7f7f7f10, 0x7f777f7d, 0x7f407f75, 0x7f5d7f5f, 0x7f557f57, 0x7ccc7cf0, 0x7cc17cc3,
+    0x7cd07cc4, 0x7c337c3c, 0x7c0f7c34, 0x7c007c0d, 0x7c077c01, 0x7c137c04, 0x7c147c11, 0x7c747c70,
+    0x7c417c43, 0x7c507c44, 0x7dfd7dff, 0x7df57df7, 0x7ddf7dc0, 0x7dd77ddd, 0x7d0c7dd5, 0x7d047d03,
+    0x7d7f7d10, 0x7d777d7d, 0x7d407d75, 0x7d5d7d5f, 0x7d557d57, 0x73c473c3, 0x7333733c, 0x7300730c,
+    0x731c7305, 0x73147313, 0x73447343, 0x70f470fc, 0x70c070cd, 0x70d170c5, 0x703f70d4, 0x7030703c,
+    0x700c7037, 0x70007003, 0x70047001, 0x70107005, 0x70177011, 0x707c7015, 0x70717073, 0x704f7074,
+    0x7040704d, 0x70517047, 0x71c171cc, 0x71d071c4, 0x7133713c, 0x71357134, 0x7100710f, 0x71057104,
+    0x7111711c, 0x71707115, 0x7145714c, 0x77ff7153, 0x77f777fd, 0x77c077f5, 0x77dd77df, 0x77d577d7,
+    0x7730773c, 0x7703770c, 0x77107704, 0x777f7714, 0x7777777d, 0x77407775, 0x775d775f, 0x77557757,
+    0x74f174f0, 0x74c374cc, 0x74d074c1, 0x7433743c, 0x74347431, 0x740d740f, 0x74057400, 0x7413741c,
+    0x74417470, 0x74507444, 0x75fd75ff, 0x75f575f7, 0x75df75c0, 0x75d775dd, 0x753075d5, 0x7503750c,
+    0x757f7501, 0x7577757d, 0x75407575, 0x755d755f, 0x75557557, 0x4fcc4ff0, 0x4fc74fc1, 0x4fd04fc4,
+    0x4f314f3c, 0x4f004f34, 0x4f054f07, 0x4f154f14, 0x4f4c4f70, 0x4f414f43, 0x4f504f44, 0x4cf34cfc,
+    0x4cf44cf1, 0x4cc04ccf, 0x4cc54cc7, 0x4cd34cdc, 0x4cd44cd1, 0x4c304c3f, 0x4c0c4c0f, 0x4c004c03,
+    0x4c044c01, 0x4c104c1d, 0x4c714c73, 0x4c404c4d, 0x4c5c4c47, 0x4c514c53, 0x4df04c54, 0x4dc34dcc,
+    0x4dd04dc4, 0x4d314d33, 0x4d0f4d34, 0x4d004d0d, 0x4d114d07, 0x4d704d14, 0x4d414d43, 0x43fc4d54,
+    0x43f143f3, 0x43c043cf, 0x43d143c7, 0x4335433f, 0x4303430c, 0x43014300, 0x43044307, 0x431c431f,
+    0x4310431d, 0x43714373, 0x4343434d, 0x43474340, 0x4354435c, 0x40f040ff, 0x40f540f7, 0x40cc40cf,
+    0x40c040c3, 0x40c440c1, 0x40d040dc, 0x40d540d4, 0x4033403c, 0x40314030, 0x400f4034, 0x400d400c,
+    0x40004003, 0x40074001, 0x40054004, 0x4013401c, 0x40114010, 0x407c4014, 0x40774070, 0x404d404c,
+    0x40404043, 0x40444041, 0x405f4045, 0x4050405d, 0x40554057, 0x41f341fc, 0x41c041cf, 0x41df41c4,
+    0x41d441d1, 0x41374130, 0x410c4134, 0x4100410d, 0x41044101, 0x41174110, 0x4173417d, 0x41754174,
+    0x4143414d, 0x41534140, 0x41544151, 0x47c147f0, 0x47d047c4, 0x4731473c, 0x470d470f, 0x47014700,
+    0x47134705, 0x47704710, 0x4741474c, 0x47504744, 0x44f144f3, 0x44cf44f4, 0x44c044cd, 0x44c544c7,
+    0x44dc44df, 0x44d144d3, 0x443d443f, 0x44374430, 0x440c4435, 0x44004403, 0x44044401, 0x4410441d,
+    0x44154411, 0x4473447c, 0x444d444f, 0x44454440, 0x4451445c, 0x45c045f0, 0x453345d0, 0x45344531,
+    0x4500450f, 0x451c4507, 0x454c4570, 0x45404543, 0x5fff4541, 0x5ff75ffd, 0x5fc05ff5, 0x5fdd5fdf,
+    0x5fd55fd7, 0x5f0c5f30, 0x5f015f03, 0x5f7f5f04, 0x5f775f7d, 0x5f405f75, 0x5f5d5f5f, 0x5f555f57,
+    0x5cf45cf0, 0x5cc35ccc, 0x5cc45cc1, 0x5c315cc5, 0x5c0c5c34, 0x5c075c00, 0x5c1c5c05, 0x5c705c13,
+    0x5c4d5c4f, 0x5c445c41, 0x5df75dfd, 0x5dcf5df5, 0x5ddd5dc4, 0x5dd55dd7, 0x5d0c5d30, 0x5d045d01,
+    0x5d7f5d10, 0x5d775d7d, 0x5d405d75, 0x5d5d5d5f, 0x5d555d57, 0x53d053c4, 0x5333533c, 0x5303530f,
+    0x53075300, 0x531c5305, 0x53115310, 0x53145317, 0x50f15370, 0x50cf50f4, 0x50c050cd, 0x50d150c7,
+    0x503d50d4, 0x500c5030, 0x50005003, 0x50045001, 0x50155010, 0x5073507c, 0x50715070, 0x504d5074,
+    0x50475040, 0x51cc51f0, 0x51c551c1, 0x51d051dc, 0x51315133, 0x510d5135, 0x51015100, 0x511f5107,
+    0x5171511d, 0x5140514f, 0x51445141, 0x5153515c, 0x57ff5151, 0x57f757fd, 0x57df57f5, 0x57d757dd,
+    0x570c57d5, 0x57015703, 0x577f5704, 0x5777577d, 0x57405775, 0x575d575f, 0x57555757, 0x54c354f0,
+    0x54dc54c4, 0x543c54d0, 0x5400540f, 0x541c5405, 0x54145411, 0x5441544f, 0x55fd55ff, 0x55f555f7,
+    0x55dd55df, 0x55d555d7, 0x5503550c, 0x557f5501, 0x5577557d, 0x55405575, 0x555d555f, 0x55555557
+);
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(IQ4_NL_GRID) || defined(IQ4_XS_GRID)
+
+const kvalues_iq4nl = array<i32, 16>(
+    -127, -104, -83, -65, -49, -35, -22, -10, 1, 13, 25, 38, 53, 69, 89, 113
+);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/concat.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/concat.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a22d245d2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/concat.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+struct Params {
+    ne: u32,
+
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    stride_src0_0: u32,
+    stride_src0_1: u32,
+    stride_src0_2: u32,
+    stride_src0_3: u32,
+
+    stride_src1_0: u32,
+    stride_src1_1: u32,
+    stride_src1_2: u32,
+    stride_src1_3: u32,
+
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+    ne3: u32,
+
+    dim: u32,
+    src0_nedim: u32
+};
+
+#ifdef TYPE_F32
+#define DataType f32
+#endif
+#ifdef TYPE_I32
+#define DataType i32
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src0: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> src1 : array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+
+    if (gid.x < params.ne) {
+        var i = gid.x;
+        let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        let i2 = i / (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        i = i % (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        let i1 = i / params.ne0;
+        let i0 = i % params.ne0;
+
+        var ni = array<u32, 4>(i0, i1, i2, i3);
+
+        if (ni[params.dim] < params.src0_nedim) {
+            let src_i = ni[0] * params.stride_src0_0 +
+                             ni[1] * params.stride_src0_1 +
+                             ni[2] * params.stride_src0_2 +
+                             ni[3] * params.stride_src0_3;
+            dst[params.offset_dst + gid.x] = src0[params.offset_src0 + src_i];
+        } else {
+            ni[params.dim] -= params.src0_nedim;
+            let src_i = ni[0] * params.stride_src1_0 +
+                             ni[1] * params.stride_src1_1 +
+                             ni[2] * params.stride_src1_2 +
+                             ni[3] * params.stride_src1_3;
+            dst[params.offset_dst + gid.x] = src1[params.offset_src1 + src_i];
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/cpy.tmpl.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/cpy.tmpl.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5e93b812fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/cpy.tmpl.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#define(VARIANTS)
+
+[
+  {
+    "REPLS": {
+      "SRC_TYPE": "f32",
+      "DST_TYPE": "f32"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "REPLS": {
+      "SRC_TYPE": "f32",
+      "DST_TYPE": "i32"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "REPLS": {
+      "SRC_TYPE": "f32",
+      "DST_TYPE": "f16"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "REPLS": {
+      "SRC_TYPE": "f16",
+      "DST_TYPE": "f16"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "REPLS": {
+      "SRC_TYPE": "f16",
+      "DST_TYPE": "f32"
+    }
+  }
+]
+
+#end(VARIANTS)
+
+#define(SHADER)
+enable f16;
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<{{SRC_TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<{{DST_TYPE}}>;
+
+struct Params {
+    ne: u32,            // total number of elements
+    offset_src: u32,    // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32,    // in elements
+
+    // Strides (in elements) — may be permuted
+    stride_src0: u32,
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    stride_dst0: u32,
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    // Logical shapes
+    src_ne0: u32,
+    src_ne1: u32,
+    src_ne2: u32,
+
+    dst_ne0: u32,
+    dst_ne1: u32,
+    dst_ne2: u32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+override wg_size: u32;
+@compute @workgroup_size(wg_size)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x >= params.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var i = gid.x;
+    let i3 = i / (params.src_ne2 * params.src_ne1 * params.src_ne0);
+    i = i % (params.src_ne2 * params.src_ne1 * params.src_ne0);
+    let i2 = i / (params.src_ne1 * params.src_ne0);
+    i = i % (params.src_ne1 * params.src_ne0);
+    let i1 = i / params.src_ne0;
+    let i0 = i % params.src_ne0;
+
+    var j = gid.x;
+    let j3 = j / (params.dst_ne2 * params.dst_ne1 * params.dst_ne0);
+    j = j % (params.dst_ne2 * params.dst_ne1 * params.dst_ne0);
+    let j2 = j / (params.dst_ne1 * params.dst_ne0);
+    j = j % (params.dst_ne1 * params.dst_ne0);
+    let j1 = j / params.dst_ne0;
+    let j0 = j % params.dst_ne0;
+
+    let src_idx = i0 * params.stride_src0 + i1 * params.stride_src1 +
+                  i2 * params.stride_src2 + i3 * params.stride_src3;
+
+    let dst_idx = j0 * params.stride_dst0 + j1 * params.stride_dst1 +
+                  j2 * params.stride_dst2 + j3 * params.stride_dst3;
+
+    dst[params.offset_dst + dst_idx] = {{DST_TYPE}}((src[params.offset_src + src_idx]));
+}
+#end(SHADER)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/cumsum.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/cumsum.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e622552c421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/cumsum.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements
+    ne0: u32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+var<workgroup> shared_sum: array<f32, WG_SIZE>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) lid: vec3<u32>) {
+    let row_idx = params.offset_src + wid.x * params.ne0;
+    let elems = (params.ne0 + WG_SIZE - 1) / WG_SIZE;
+    var local_sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    for (var col = lid.x * elems; col < (lid.x + 1) * elems && col < params.ne0; col ++) {
+        local_sum += src[row_idx + col];
+    }
+    shared_sum[lid.x] = local_sum;
+    workgroupBarrier();
+
+    // upsweep
+    var offset = 1u;
+    while (offset < WG_SIZE) {
+        let idx = (lid.x + 1) * offset * 2 - 1;
+        if (idx < WG_SIZE) {
+            shared_sum[idx] = shared_sum[idx] + shared_sum[idx - offset];
+        }
+        workgroupBarrier();
+        offset <<= 1;
+    }
+
+    // set last to 0 for exclusive sum
+    if (lid.x == 0) {
+        shared_sum[WG_SIZE - 1] = 0.0;
+    }
+    workgroupBarrier();
+
+    // downsweep
+    offset = WG_SIZE >> 1;
+    while (offset > 0) {
+        let idx = (lid.x + 1) * offset * 2 - 1;
+        if (idx < WG_SIZE) {
+            let t = shared_sum[idx - offset];
+            shared_sum[idx - offset] = shared_sum[idx];
+            shared_sum[idx] = shared_sum[idx] + t;
+        }
+        workgroupBarrier();
+        offset = offset >> 1;
+    }
+
+    // shared_sum[lid] is exclusive prefix sum up to this thread.
+    var running_sum = shared_sum[lid.x];
+    for (var col = lid.x * elems; col < (lid.x + 1) * elems && col < params.ne0; col ++) {
+        running_sum += src[row_idx + col];
+        dst[params.offset_dst + wid.x * params.ne0 + col] = running_sum;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/embed_wgsl.py b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/embed_wgsl.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..8b5cfe715e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/embed_wgsl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import os
+import re
+import ast
+import argparse
+
+
+def extract_block(text, name):
+    pattern = rf'#define\({name}\)\s*(.*?)#end\({name}\)'
+    match = re.search(pattern, text, re.DOTALL)
+    if not match:
+        raise ValueError(f"Missing block: {name}")
+    return match.group(1).strip()
+
+
+def parse_decls(decls_text):
+    decls = {}
+    for name, code in re.findall(r'#decl\((.*?)\)\s*(.*?)#enddecl\(\1\)', decls_text, re.DOTALL):
+        decls[name.strip()] = code.strip()
+    return decls
+
+
+def replace_repl_placeholders(variant, template_map):
+    for repl, code in variant["REPLS"].items():
+        for key, val in template_map.items():
+            # Match "key" and avoid matching subsequences using by using \b
+            code = re.sub(rf'\b{re.escape(str(key))}\b', str(val), code)
+        variant["REPLS"][repl] = code
+    return variant
+
+
+def replace_placeholders(shader_text, replacements):
+    for key, val in replacements.items():
+        # Match {{KEY}} literally, where KEY is escaped
+        pattern = r'{{\s*' + re.escape(key) + r'\s*}}'
+        shader_text = re.sub(pattern, str(val), shader_text)
+    return shader_text
+
+
+def expand_includes(shader, input_dir):
+    """
+    Replace #include "file" lines in the text with the contents of that file.
+    Searches for files relative to input_dir.
+    """
+    include_pattern = re.compile(r'^\s*#include\s+"([^"]+)"\s*$', re.MULTILINE)
+
+    def replacer(match):
+        fname = match.group(1)
+        file_path = os.path.join(input_dir, fname)
+        if not os.path.exists(file_path):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"Included file not found: {file_path}")
+        with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            included_code = f.read()
+        # Recursively expand includes inside the included file
+        return expand_includes(included_code, input_dir)
+
+    return include_pattern.sub(replacer, shader)
+
+
+def chunk_shader(shader_code, max_chunk_len=60000):
+    """Split shader_code into safe raw-string sized chunks."""
+    return [shader_code[i : i + max_chunk_len] for i in range(0, len(shader_code), max_chunk_len)]
+
+
+def raw_delim(shader_code):
+    """Pick a raw-string delimiter that does not appear in the shader."""
+    delim = "wgsl"
+    while f"){delim}\"" in shader_code:
+        delim += "_x"
+    return delim
+
+
+def write_shader(shader_name, shader_code, output_dir, outfile, input_dir):
+    shader_code = expand_includes(shader_code, input_dir)
+
+    if output_dir:
+        wgsl_filename = os.path.join(output_dir, f"{shader_name}.wgsl")
+        with open(wgsl_filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_out:
+            f_out.write(shader_code)
+
+    delim = raw_delim(shader_code)
+    chunks = chunk_shader(shader_code)
+
+    if len(chunks) == 1:
+        outfile.write(f'const char* wgsl_{shader_name} = R"{delim}({shader_code}){delim}";\n\n')
+    else:
+        for idx, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
+            outfile.write(f'static const char wgsl_{shader_name}_part{idx}[] = R"{delim}({chunk}){delim}";\n\n')
+        outfile.write(f'static const std::string& wgsl_{shader_name}_str() {{\n')
+        outfile.write('    static const std::string s = []{\n')
+        outfile.write('        std::string tmp;\n')
+        outfile.write(f'        tmp.reserve({len(shader_code)});\n')
+        for idx in range(len(chunks)):
+            outfile.write(f'        tmp.append(wgsl_{shader_name}_part{idx});\n')
+        outfile.write('        return tmp;\n')
+        outfile.write('    }();\n')
+        outfile.write('    return s;\n')
+        outfile.write('}\n')
+        outfile.write(f'const char* wgsl_{shader_name} = wgsl_{shader_name}_str().c_str();\n\n')
+
+
+def generate_variants(fname, input_dir, output_dir, outfile):
+    shader_path = os.path.join(input_dir, fname)
+    shader_base_name = fname.split(".")[0]
+
+    with open(shader_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        text = f.read()
+
+    try:
+        variants = ast.literal_eval(extract_block(text, "VARIANTS"))
+    except ValueError:
+        write_shader(shader_base_name, text, output_dir, outfile, input_dir)
+    else:
+        try:
+            decls_map = parse_decls(extract_block(text, "DECLS"))
+        except ValueError:
+            decls_map = {}
+        try:
+            templates_map = ast.literal_eval(extract_block(text, "REPL_TEMPLATES"))
+        except ValueError:
+            templates_map = {}
+
+        for fname in sorted(os.listdir(input_dir)):
+            if fname.endswith(".tmpl"):
+                tmpl_path = os.path.join(input_dir, fname)
+                with open(tmpl_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f_tmpl:
+                    decls = f_tmpl.read()
+                    decls_map.update(parse_decls(decls))
+
+        shader_template = extract_block(text, "SHADER")
+        for variant in variants:
+            if "DECLS" in variant:
+                decls = variant["DECLS"]
+            else:
+                decls = []
+            decls_code = ""
+            for key in decls:
+                if key not in decls_map:
+                    raise ValueError(f"DECLS key '{key}' not found.")
+                decls_code += decls_map[key] + "\n\n"
+            final_shader = re.sub(r'\bDECLS\b', decls_code, shader_template)
+            if "REPLS" in variant:
+                variant = replace_repl_placeholders(variant, templates_map)
+                final_shader = replace_placeholders(final_shader, variant["REPLS"])
+                # second run to expand placeholders in repl_template
+                final_shader = replace_placeholders(final_shader, variant["REPLS"])
+            final_shader = expand_includes(final_shader, input_dir)
+
+            if "SHADER_NAME" in variant:
+                output_name = variant["SHADER_NAME"]
+            elif "SHADER_SUFFIX" in variant:
+                output_name = f"{shader_base_name}_" + variant["SHADER_SUFFIX"]
+            elif "REPLS" in variant and "SRC0_TYPE" in variant["REPLS"] and "SRC1_TYPE" in variant["REPLS"]:
+                output_name = f"{shader_base_name}_" + "_".join([variant["REPLS"]["SRC0_TYPE"], variant["REPLS"]["SRC1_TYPE"]])
+            elif "REPLS" in variant and "SRC_TYPE" in variant["REPLS"] and "DST_TYPE" in variant["REPLS"]:
+                output_name = f"{shader_base_name}_" + "_".join([variant["REPLS"]["SRC_TYPE"], variant["REPLS"]["DST_TYPE"]])
+            elif "REPLS" in variant and "TYPE" in variant["REPLS"]:
+                output_name = f"{shader_base_name}_" + variant["REPLS"]["TYPE"]
+            else:
+                output_name = shader_base_name
+            write_shader(output_name, final_shader, output_dir, outfile, input_dir)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--input_dir", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--output_file", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--output_dir")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.output_dir:
+        os.makedirs(args.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    with open(args.output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as out:
+        out.write("// Auto-generated shader embedding\n")
+        out.write("#include <string>\n\n")
+        for fname in sorted(os.listdir(args.input_dir)):
+            if fname.endswith(".wgsl"):
+                generate_variants(fname, args.input_dir, args.output_dir, out)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/flash_attn.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/flash_attn.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6822161464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/flash_attn.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+diagnostic(off, chromium.subgroup_matrix_uniformity);
+diagnostic(off, subgroup_uniformity);
+enable f16;
+enable subgroups;
+enable chromium_experimental_subgroup_matrix;
+
+#ifdef KV_F32
+#define KV_TYPE f32
+#else
+#define KV_TYPE f16
+#endif
+
+// Default values
+#define HEAD_DIM_QK 64
+#define HEAD_DIM_V 64
+
+// The number of rows/columns/k in a subgroup matrix. MxK * KxN = MxN
+// Note that the "K" here does not correspond to the K in attention's Q/K/V, it's just the common dimension.
+#define SG_MAT_M 8
+#define SG_MAT_N 8
+#define SG_MAT_K 8
+
+// Each workgroup processes one subgroup matrix of Q rows
+#define Q_TILE SG_MAT_M
+#define KV_TILE 16
+#define WG_SIZE 64
+
+// Number of subgroup-matrix-width blocks that span the KV tile. SG_MAT_N must divide KV_TILE.
+#define KV_BLOCKS (KV_TILE / SG_MAT_N)
+
+// Quantization constants/helpers
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 32
+#define BLOCKS_K ((HEAD_DIM_QK + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE)
+#define BLOCKS_V ((HEAD_DIM_V + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE)
+// number of quantized elements processed per thread
+#if defined(KV_Q4_0)
+#define NQ 16
+// Q4_0 has 32 elements, 1 f16 for scale, 8 f16 for 4-bit weights
+#define F16_PER_BLOCK 9
+#define WEIGHTS_PER_F16 4
+#elif defined(KV_Q8_0)
+#define NQ 8
+// Q8_0 has 32 elements, 1 f16 for scale, 16 f16 for 8-bit weights
+#define F16_PER_BLOCK 17
+#define WEIGHTS_PER_F16 2
+#endif
+#define F16_PER_THREAD (NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16)
+
+// Ok not to put these in a define block, compiler will remove if unused
+fn get_byte(value: u32, index: u32) -> u32 {
+    return (value >> (index * 8)) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+fn get_byte_i32(value: u32, index: u32) -> i32 {
+    return bitcast<i32>(((value >> (index * 8)) & 0xFF) << 24) >> 24;
+}
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_q: u32,
+    offset_k: u32,
+    offset_v: u32,
+    offset_mask: u32,
+    offset_sinks: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    // shapes of Q/K/V
+    n_heads: u32,
+    seq_len_q: u32,
+    seq_len_kv: u32,
+
+    // strides (in elements)
+    stride_q1: u32,
+    stride_q2: u32,
+    stride_q3: u32,
+    stride_k1: u32,
+    stride_k2: u32,
+    stride_k3: u32,
+    stride_v1: u32,
+    stride_v2: u32,
+    stride_v3: u32,
+    stride_mask3: u32,
+
+    // repeat factors for K/V, e.g., MHA vs. MQA vs. GQA
+    q_per_kv: u32,
+
+    // softmax params
+    scale: f32,
+    max_bias: f32,
+    logit_softcap: f32,
+    n_head_log2: f32,
+    m0: f32,
+    m1: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> Q: array<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<KV_TYPE>;
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<KV_TYPE>;
+
+#if defined(MASK) && defined(SINKS)
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
+@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+#define DST_BINDING 5
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
+#elif defined(MASK)
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
+#define DST_BINDING 4
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
+#elif defined(SINKS)
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+#define DST_BINDING 4
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
+#else
+#define DST_BINDING 3
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(DST_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<vec4<f32>>;
+@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING) var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+// Just a very small float value.
+const FLOAT_MIN: f32 = -1.0e9;
+
+// The number of Q rows processed per workgroup
+var<workgroup> q_shmem: array<f16, Q_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK>;
+
+#ifndef KV_DIRECT
+const kv_shmem_size = KV_TILE * max(HEAD_DIM_QK, HEAD_DIM_V);
+// we can reuse the same shmem for K and V since we only need one at a time
+var<workgroup> kv_shmem: array<f16, kv_shmem_size>;
+#endif
+
+var<workgroup> o_shmem: array<f16, Q_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V>; // output shmem
+
+#ifdef MASK
+// storage for mask values
+var<workgroup> mask_shmem: array<f16, Q_TILE * KV_TILE>;
+#endif
+
+// storage for output of Q*K^T scores for online softmax (S matrix from paper)
+// also storage for diagonal matrix during online softmax (P matrix from paper)
+// note that we reuse the same storage for both since we only need one at a time
+var<workgroup> inter_shmem: array<f16, Q_TILE * KV_TILE>;
+
+// Storage for row max and exp sum during online softmax
+var<workgroup> row_max_shmem: array<f32, Q_TILE>;
+var<workgroup> exp_sum_shmem: array<f32, Q_TILE>;
+
+fn calc_softmax_term(kv_idx: u32, q_tile_row: u32, slope: f32) -> f32 {
+    var v = select(FLOAT_MIN,
+                   f32(inter_shmem[kv_idx + q_tile_row * KV_TILE]) * params.scale,
+                   kv_idx < KV_TILE);
+#ifdef LOGIT_SOFTCAP
+    v = params.logit_softcap * tanh(v);
+#endif
+#ifdef MASK
+    let mask_val = select(0.0, f32(mask_shmem[q_tile_row * KV_TILE + kv_idx]), kv_idx < KV_TILE);
+    let mask_term = slope * mask_val;
+    v += mask_term;
+#endif
+    return v;
+}
+
+fn load_f32x4(buf: ptr<storage, array<vec4<f32>>, read_write>, scalar_index: u32) -> vec4<f32> {
+    return (*buf)[scalar_index >> 2u];
+}
+
+fn load_kvx4(buf: ptr<storage, array<vec4<KV_TYPE>>, read_write>, scalar_index: u32) -> vec4<KV_TYPE> {
+    return (*buf)[scalar_index >> 2u];
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wg_id: vec3<u32>,
+    @builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id: vec3<u32>,
+    @builtin(subgroup_id) subgroup_id: u32,
+    @builtin(subgroup_size) subgroup_size: u32,
+    @builtin(num_subgroups) num_subgroups: u32,
+    @builtin(subgroup_invocation_id) sg_inv_id: u32) {
+
+    // initialize row max for online softmax
+    for (var i = local_id.x; i < Q_TILE; i += WG_SIZE) {
+        row_max_shmem[i] = FLOAT_MIN;
+        exp_sum_shmem[i] = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    for (var i = local_id.x; i < Q_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V; i += WG_SIZE) {
+        o_shmem[i] = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    // workgroups per head/batch
+    let wg_per_head = (params.seq_len_q + Q_TILE - 1u) / Q_TILE;
+    let wg_per_batch = wg_per_head * params.n_heads;
+
+    let dst2_stride = HEAD_DIM_V * params.n_heads;
+    let dst3_stride = dst2_stride * params.seq_len_q;
+
+    // batch index
+    let batch_idx = wg_id.x / wg_per_batch;
+    let q_batch_offset = params.offset_q + batch_idx * params.stride_q3;
+    let k_batch_offset = params.offset_k + batch_idx * params.stride_k3;
+    let v_batch_offset = params.offset_v + batch_idx * params.stride_v3;
+    let dst_batch_offset = params.offset_dst + batch_idx * dst3_stride;
+    let wg_in_batch = wg_id.x % wg_per_batch;
+
+    // head index
+    let head_idx = wg_in_batch / wg_per_head;
+    let q_head_offset = q_batch_offset + head_idx * params.stride_q2;
+    let k_head_idx = head_idx / params.q_per_kv;
+    let v_head_idx = k_head_idx;
+    let k_head_offset = k_batch_offset + k_head_idx * params.stride_k2;
+    let v_head_offset = v_batch_offset + v_head_idx * params.stride_v2;
+
+    // starting Q row for this workgroup
+    let wg_in_head = wg_in_batch % wg_per_head;
+    let q_row_start = wg_in_head * Q_TILE;
+
+#ifdef MASK
+    // mask offset
+    let mask_global_offset = params.offset_mask + batch_idx * params.stride_mask3 + q_row_start * params.seq_len_kv;
+#endif
+
+    // note that the output is permuted, the layout is [head_dim_v, n_heads, seq_len_q, batch_size]
+    let dst_global_offset = dst_batch_offset + q_row_start * dst2_stride + head_idx * HEAD_DIM_V;
+
+    let head = f32(head_idx);
+    let slope = select(1.0, select(pow(params.m1, 2.0 * (head - params.n_head_log2) + 1.0), pow(params.m0, head + 1.0), head < params.n_head_log2), params.max_bias > 0);
+
+    // load q tile into shared memory
+    for (var elem_idx = local_id.x; elem_idx < Q_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
+        let q_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_QK;
+        let q_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_QK;
+        let head_q_row = q_row_start + q_row;
+        let global_q_row_offset = q_head_offset + head_q_row * params.stride_q1;
+        q_shmem[elem_idx] = f16(select(
+            0.0,
+            Q[global_q_row_offset + q_col],
+            head_q_row < params.seq_len_q && q_col < HEAD_DIM_QK));
+    }
+
+    for (var kv_tile = 0u; kv_tile < params.seq_len_kv; kv_tile += KV_TILE) {
+      // clear inter_shmem to ensure zero-initialized accumulators
+        for (var elem_idx = local_id.x; elem_idx < Q_TILE * KV_TILE; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
+            inter_shmem[elem_idx] = 0.0;
+        }
+
+      // load k tile into shared memory
+#if defined(KV_Q4_0)
+      for (var elem_idx = local_id.x * NQ; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * NQ) {
+          let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
+          let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+          let k_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+          let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
+          let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+          let row_offset = k_row * HEAD_DIM_QK;
+
+          if (global_k_row < params.seq_len_kv) {
+              let global_block_idx = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1 + block_k;
+              let base_idx = global_block_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+              let d = K[base_idx]; // scale
+              for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+                  let q_0 = K[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j];
+                  let q_1 = K[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j + 1];
+                  let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                  for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                      let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+                      let q_hi = (f16((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                      let q_lo = (f16(q_byte & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                      let idx = block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u + j * 2u + k;
+                      kv_shmem[row_offset + idx] = q_lo;
+                      kv_shmem[row_offset + idx + 16u] = q_hi;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+      }
+#elif defined(KV_Q8_0)
+      for (var elem_idx = local_id.x * NQ; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * NQ) {
+          let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
+          let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+          let k_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+          let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
+          let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+          let row_offset = k_row * HEAD_DIM_QK;
+
+          if (global_k_row < params.seq_len_kv) {
+              let global_block_idx = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1 + block_k;
+              let base_idx = global_block_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+              let d = K[base_idx]; // scale
+              for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+                  let q_0 = K[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j];
+                  let q_1 = K[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j + 1];
+                  let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                  for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                      let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+                      let q_val = f16(q_byte) * d;
+                      let idx = block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u + j * 2u + k;
+                      kv_shmem[row_offset + idx] = q_val;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+      }
+#elif defined(KV_DIRECT)
+      // Direct global loads for KV
+#else
+      for (var elem_idx = local_id.x; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_QK; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
+          let k_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_QK;
+          let k_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_QK;
+          let global_k_row = kv_tile + k_row;
+          let global_k_row_offset = k_head_offset + global_k_row * params.stride_k1;
+          kv_shmem[elem_idx] = f16(select(
+              0.0,
+              K[global_k_row_offset + k_col],
+              global_k_row < params.seq_len_kv && k_col < HEAD_DIM_QK));
+      }
+#endif
+
+      workgroupBarrier();
+
+      // accumulate q block * k block into registers across the entire KV tile
+      // TODO: this loop seems to be the current largest bottleneck
+      // this bracket exists to scope the lifetime of variables, reducing register pressure
+      {
+#ifdef KV_DIRECT
+          let k_block_row = kv_tile + subgroup_id * SG_MAT_N;
+          var k_global_offset = k_head_offset + k_block_row * params.stride_k1;
+#else
+          var k_block_offset = subgroup_id * SG_MAT_N * HEAD_DIM_QK;
+#endif
+          for (var kv_block = subgroup_id; kv_block < KV_BLOCKS; kv_block += num_subgroups) {
+              let inter_offset = kv_block * SG_MAT_N;
+              var acc: subgroup_matrix_result<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_N> = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_result<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_N>>(&inter_shmem, inter_offset, false, KV_TILE);
+
+              var q_cur = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_K>>(&q_shmem, 0u, false, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+
+#ifdef KV_DIRECT
+              var k_cur = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&K, k_global_offset + 0u, true, params.stride_k1);
+#else
+              var k_cur = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&kv_shmem, k_block_offset + 0u, true, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+#endif
+
+              var t: u32 = 1u;
+              for (; t + 1u < HEAD_DIM_QK / SG_MAT_K; t += 2u) {
+                  let h0 = t * SG_MAT_K;
+                  var q0 = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_K>>(&q_shmem, h0, false, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+#ifdef KV_DIRECT
+                  var k0 = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&K, k_global_offset + h0, true, params.stride_k1);
+#else
+                  var k0 = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&kv_shmem, k_block_offset + h0, true, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+#endif
+                  acc = subgroupMatrixMultiplyAccumulate(q_cur, k_cur, acc);
+                  q_cur = q0;
+                  k_cur = k0;
+
+                  let h1 = (t + 1u) * SG_MAT_K;
+                  var q1g = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_K>>(&q_shmem, h1, false, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+#ifdef KV_DIRECT
+                  var k1g = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&K, k_global_offset + h1, true, params.stride_k1);
+#else
+                  var k1g = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&kv_shmem, k_block_offset + h1, true, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+#endif
+                  acc = subgroupMatrixMultiplyAccumulate(q_cur, k_cur, acc);
+                  q_cur = q1g;
+                  k_cur = k1g;
+              }
+
+              // handle odd tail
+              if (t < HEAD_DIM_QK / SG_MAT_K) {
+                  let h = t * SG_MAT_K;
+                  var qn = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_K>>(&q_shmem, h, false, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+#ifdef KV_DIRECT
+                  var kn = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&K, k_global_offset + h, true, params.stride_k1);
+#else
+                  var kn = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(&kv_shmem, k_block_offset + h, true, HEAD_DIM_QK);
+#endif
+                  acc = subgroupMatrixMultiplyAccumulate(q_cur, k_cur, acc);
+                  q_cur = qn;
+                  k_cur = kn;
+              }
+
+              acc = subgroupMatrixMultiplyAccumulate(q_cur, k_cur, acc);
+
+#ifdef KV_DIRECT
+              k_global_offset += num_subgroups * SG_MAT_N * params.stride_k1;
+#else
+              k_block_offset += num_subgroups * SG_MAT_N * HEAD_DIM_QK;
+#endif
+              subgroupMatrixStore(&inter_shmem, inter_offset, acc, false, KV_TILE);
+          }
+      }
+
+
+#ifdef MASK
+      // load mask tile into shared memory for this KV block
+      // TODO: optimize and skip if mask is -INF for the entire tile
+      for (var elem_idx = local_id.x; elem_idx < Q_TILE * KV_TILE; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
+          let mask_row = elem_idx / KV_TILE;
+          let mask_col = elem_idx % KV_TILE;
+          let global_q_row = q_row_start + mask_row;
+          let global_k_col = kv_tile + mask_col;
+          let mask_in_bounds = global_q_row < params.seq_len_q && global_k_col < params.seq_len_kv;
+          let mask_idx = mask_global_offset + mask_row * params.seq_len_kv + global_k_col;
+          mask_shmem[elem_idx] = select(0.0, mask[mask_idx], mask_in_bounds);
+      }
+#endif
+
+      workgroupBarrier();
+
+      // online softmax
+      for (var q_tile_row = subgroup_id; q_tile_row < Q_TILE; q_tile_row += num_subgroups) {
+          let global_q_row = q_row_start + q_tile_row;
+          if (global_q_row >= params.seq_len_q) {
+              break;
+          }
+
+          // initialize running max for this row
+          var prev_max = row_max_shmem[q_tile_row];
+          var final_max = prev_max;
+          // pass 1: compute final max across the full KV tile in chunks
+          for (var kv_offset = 0u; kv_offset < KV_TILE; kv_offset += subgroup_size) {
+              let kv_idx = kv_offset + sg_inv_id;
+              let softmax_term = calc_softmax_term(kv_idx, q_tile_row, slope);
+              final_max = subgroupMax(max(final_max, softmax_term));
+          }
+
+          var total_exp_term: f32 = 0.0;
+          // pass 2: compute exp sum and write P using final_max
+          for (var kv_offset = 0u; kv_offset < KV_TILE; kv_offset += subgroup_size) {
+              let kv_idx = kv_offset + sg_inv_id;
+              let softmax_term = calc_softmax_term(kv_idx, q_tile_row, slope);
+              let cur_p = select(0.0,
+                                 exp(softmax_term - final_max),
+                                 kv_tile + kv_idx < params.seq_len_kv && kv_idx < KV_TILE);
+              total_exp_term += subgroupAdd(cur_p);
+              if (kv_idx < KV_TILE) {
+                  inter_shmem[kv_idx + q_tile_row * KV_TILE] = f16(cur_p);
+              }
+          }
+
+          let cur_exp = exp(prev_max - final_max);
+
+          if (sg_inv_id == 0) {
+              row_max_shmem[q_tile_row] = final_max;
+              exp_sum_shmem[q_tile_row] = exp_sum_shmem[q_tile_row] * cur_exp + total_exp_term;
+          }
+
+          for (var elem_idx = sg_inv_id; elem_idx < HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += subgroup_size) {
+              let idx = q_tile_row * HEAD_DIM_V + elem_idx;
+              o_shmem[idx] = f16(f32(o_shmem[idx]) * cur_exp);
+          }
+      }
+
+      // load v tile into shared memory
+#if defined(KV_Q4_0)
+      for (var elem_idx = local_id.x * NQ; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * NQ) {
+          let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
+          let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+          let v_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_V;
+          let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
+          let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_V;
+          let row_offset = v_row * HEAD_DIM_V;
+
+          if (global_v_row < params.seq_len_kv) {
+              let global_block_idx = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1 + block_k;
+              let base_idx = global_block_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+              let d = V[base_idx]; // scale
+              for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+                  let q_0 = V[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j];
+                  let q_1 = V[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j + 1];
+                  let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                  for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                      let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+                      let q_hi = (f16((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                      let q_lo = (f16(q_byte & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                      let idx = block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u + j * 2u + k;
+                      kv_shmem[row_offset + idx] = q_lo;
+                      kv_shmem[row_offset + idx + 16u] = q_hi;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+      }
+#elif defined(KV_Q8_0)
+      for (var elem_idx = local_id.x * NQ; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE * NQ) {
+          let blck_idx = elem_idx / BLOCK_SIZE;
+          let block_offset = (elem_idx % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+          let v_row = blck_idx / BLOCKS_V;
+          let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
+          let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_V;
+          let row_offset = v_row * HEAD_DIM_V;
+
+          if (global_v_row < params.seq_len_kv) {
+              let global_block_idx = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1 + block_k;
+              let base_idx = global_block_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+              let d = V[base_idx]; // scale
+              for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+                  let q_0 = V[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j];
+                  let q_1 = V[base_idx + 1u + block_offset + j + 1];
+                  let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                  for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                      let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+                      let q_val = f16(q_byte) * d;
+                      let idx = block_k * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u + j * 2u + k;
+                      kv_shmem[row_offset + idx] = q_val;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+      }
+#elif defined(KV_DIRECT)
+      // Direct global loads for KV
+#else
+      for (var elem_idx = local_id.x; elem_idx < KV_TILE * HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += WG_SIZE) {
+          let v_row = elem_idx / HEAD_DIM_V;
+          let v_col = elem_idx % HEAD_DIM_V;
+          let global_v_row = kv_tile + v_row;
+          let global_v_row_offset = v_head_offset + global_v_row * params.stride_v1;
+          kv_shmem[elem_idx] = f16(select(
+              0.0,
+              V[global_v_row_offset + v_col],
+              global_v_row < params.seq_len_kv && v_col < HEAD_DIM_V));
+      }
+#endif
+
+      workgroupBarrier();
+
+      // we have P (Q_TILE x KV_TILE) in inter_shmem and V (KV_TILE x head_dim_v) in kv_shmem
+      // we want to compute O += P * V across the full KV tile
+      for (var head_dim_block = subgroup_id * SG_MAT_N;
+           head_dim_block < HEAD_DIM_V;
+           head_dim_block += num_subgroups * SG_MAT_N) {
+              // load O submatrix from shared memory
+              var o_sg_mat: subgroup_matrix_result<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_N> = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_result<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_N>>(
+                  &o_shmem,
+                  head_dim_block,
+                  false,
+                  HEAD_DIM_V
+              );
+              for (var kv_block = 0u; kv_block < KV_BLOCKS; kv_block++) {
+                  let p_offset = kv_block * SG_MAT_N;
+                  var p_sg_mat: subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_K> = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SG_MAT_M, SG_MAT_K>>(
+                      &inter_shmem,
+                      p_offset,
+                      false,
+                      KV_TILE
+                  );
+
+                  // load V submatrix from global or shared memory
+#ifdef KV_DIRECT
+                  let v_block_row = kv_tile + kv_block * SG_MAT_N;
+                  let v_global_offset = v_head_offset + v_block_row * params.stride_v1 + head_dim_block;
+                  var v_sg_mat: subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N> = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(
+                      &V,
+                      v_global_offset,
+                      false,
+                      params.stride_v1
+                  );
+#else
+                  let v_block_offset = kv_block * SG_MAT_N * HEAD_DIM_V;
+                  var v_sg_mat: subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N> = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SG_MAT_K, SG_MAT_N>>(
+                      &kv_shmem,
+                      v_block_offset + head_dim_block,
+                      false,
+                      HEAD_DIM_V
+                  );
+#endif
+                  // O += P * V
+                  o_sg_mat = subgroupMatrixMultiplyAccumulate(p_sg_mat, v_sg_mat, o_sg_mat);
+              }
+              // store O back to shared memory
+              subgroupMatrixStore(&o_shmem, head_dim_block, o_sg_mat, false, HEAD_DIM_V);
+      }
+      workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+
+#ifdef SINKS
+    // add sinks (applied once after processing all KV tiles)
+    for (var q_tile_row = subgroup_id;
+         q_tile_row < Q_TILE;
+         q_tile_row += num_subgroups) {
+            // no need to process rows beyond seq_len_q
+            let global_q_row = q_row_start + q_tile_row;
+            if (global_q_row >= params.seq_len_q) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            var prev_max = row_max_shmem[q_tile_row];
+
+            // for non-sink threads, exp(FLOAT_MIN) effectively zeroes out their contribution to the sum
+            let sink_val = select(FLOAT_MIN, sinks[params.offset_sinks + head_idx], sg_inv_id == 0);
+            let new_max = subgroupMax(max(prev_max, sink_val));
+            let max_exp = exp(prev_max - new_max);
+            let sink_exp = exp(sink_val - new_max);
+
+            let sink_exp_sum = subgroupAdd(sink_exp);
+
+            if (sg_inv_id == 0) {
+                exp_sum_shmem[q_tile_row] = exp_sum_shmem[q_tile_row] * max_exp + sink_exp_sum;
+            }
+
+            for (var elem_idx = sg_inv_id; elem_idx < HEAD_DIM_V; elem_idx += subgroup_size) {
+                let idx = q_tile_row * HEAD_DIM_V + elem_idx;
+                let val = f32(o_shmem[idx]) * max_exp;
+                o_shmem[idx] = f16(val);
+            }
+    }
+    workgroupBarrier();
+#endif
+    for (var q_tile_row = subgroup_id;
+        q_tile_row < Q_TILE;
+        q_tile_row += num_subgroups) {
+
+        let global_q_row = q_row_start + q_tile_row;
+        if (global_q_row >= params.seq_len_q) { break; }
+
+        let exp_sum = exp_sum_shmem[q_tile_row];
+        let scale = select(0.0, 1.0 / exp_sum, exp_sum != 0.0);
+
+        let row_base: u32 = dst_global_offset + q_tile_row * dst2_stride;
+
+        for (var elem_base = sg_inv_id * 4u;
+            elem_base < HEAD_DIM_V;
+            elem_base += subgroup_size * 4u) {
+
+            let i0 = q_tile_row * HEAD_DIM_V + (elem_base + 0u);
+            let i1 = q_tile_row * HEAD_DIM_V + (elem_base + 1u);
+            let i2 = q_tile_row * HEAD_DIM_V + (elem_base + 2u);
+            let i3 = q_tile_row * HEAD_DIM_V + (elem_base + 3u);
+
+            let v = vec4<f32>(
+                f32(o_shmem[i0]) * scale,
+                f32(o_shmem[i1]) * scale,
+                f32(o_shmem[i2]) * scale,
+                f32(o_shmem[i3]) * scale
+            );
+
+            let dst_vec_index: u32 = (row_base + elem_base) >> 2u;
+            dst[dst_vec_index] = v;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/get_rows.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/get_rows.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b10800e36d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/get_rows.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+enable f16;
+#include "common_decls.tmpl"
+
+#ifdef F32_VEC
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    dst[(dst_base / 4) + offset] = src[(src_base / 4) + offset];
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef F32
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    dst[dst_base + offset] = src[src_base + offset];
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef F16
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    dst[dst_base + offset] = f32(src[src_base + offset]);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef I32
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    dst[dst_base + offset] = src[src_base + offset];
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_0
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block_q4_0 = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q4_0.d);
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q4_0.qs[2 * j], block_q4_0.qs[2 * j + 1]));
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let q_hi = (f32((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) - 8.0f) * d;
+            let q_lo = (f32(q_byte & 0xF) - 8.0f) * d;
+            let dst_offset = dst_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            dst[dst_offset] = q_lo;
+            dst[dst_offset + 16] = q_hi;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_1
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block_q4_1 = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q4_1.d);
+    let m = f32(block_q4_1.m);
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = block_q4_1.qs[j];
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let q_hi = f32((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) * d + m;
+            let q_lo = f32(q_byte & 0xF) * d + m;
+            let dst_offset = dst_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            dst[dst_offset] = q_lo;
+            dst[dst_offset + 16] = q_hi;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_0
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block_q5_0 = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q5_0.d);
+    let qh_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q5_0.qh[0], block_q5_0.qh[1]));
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q5_0.qs[2 * j], block_q5_0.qs[2 * j + 1]));
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let qh_hi = (qh_packed >> (j * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+            let q_hi = (f32(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi) - 16.0) * d;
+            let qh_lo = ((qh_packed >> (j * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+            let q_lo = (f32((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo) - 16.0) * d;
+            let dst_offset = dst_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            dst[dst_offset] = q_lo;
+            dst[dst_offset + 16] = q_hi;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_1
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block_q5_1 = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q5_1.d);
+    let m = f32(block_q5_1.m);
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = block_q5_1.qs[j];
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let qh_hi = (block_q5_1.qh >> (j * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+            let q_hi = f32(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi) * d + m;
+            let qh_lo = ((block_q5_1.qh >> (j * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+            let q_lo = f32((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo) * d + m;
+            let dst_offset = dst_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            dst[dst_offset] = q_lo;
+            dst[dst_offset + 16] = q_hi;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q8_0
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block_q8_0 = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q8_0.d);
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q8_0.qs[2 * j], block_q8_0.qs[2 * j + 1]));
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+            let q_val = f32(q_byte) * d;
+            let dst_offset = dst_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            dst[dst_offset] = q_val;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q2_K
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let m = f32(block.dmin);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    // 2 halves of the block (128 elements each)
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 64; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        // 4 groups (each group has 2 blocks of 16 elements)
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 2) {
+            // 2 blocks
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 32; k += 16) {
+                let sc = get_byte(block.scales[is / 4], is % 4);
+                is++;
+                let dl = d * f32(sc & 0xF);
+                let ml = m * f32(sc >> 4);
+                for (var l: u32 = 0u; l < 16; l++) {
+                    let q_idx = q_b_idx + k + l;
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(block.qs[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                    let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 3;
+                    dst[dst_i] = (f32(qs_val) * dl - ml);
+                    dst_i++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q3_K
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+
+    // extract 6-bit scales, which consist of 4-bits from first 8 bytes of scale,
+    // and 2-bits from the last 4 bytes
+    let kmask1: u32 = 0x03030303;
+    let kmask2: u32 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    var scale_vals: array<u32, 4>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        scale_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2 * i], block.scales[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var tmp: u32 = scale_vals[2];
+    scale_vals[2] = ((scale_vals[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
+    scale_vals[3] = ((scale_vals[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
+    scale_vals[0] = (scale_vals[0] & kmask2) | ((tmp & kmask1) << 4);
+    scale_vals[1] = (scale_vals[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
+
+    // convert arrays of f16 -> u32
+    var hmask_vals: array<u32, 8>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        hmask_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.hmask[2 * i], block.hmask[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var qs_vals: array<u32, 16>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        qs_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[2 * i], block.qs[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    var m: u32 = 1;
+    // 2 halves of the block (128 elements each)
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 64; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        // 4 groups (each group has 2 blocks of 16 elements)
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 2) {
+            // 2 blocks
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 32; k += 16) {
+                let sc = get_byte(scale_vals[is / 4], is % 4);
+                is++;
+                let dl = d * (f32(sc) - 32.0);
+                for (var l: u32 = 0u; l < 16u; l++) {
+                    let q_idx = q_b_idx + k + l;
+                    let hm_idx = k + l;
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(qs_vals[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                    let hmask_byte = get_byte(hmask_vals[hm_idx / 4], hm_idx % 4);
+                    let hm = select(4.0, 0.0, (hmask_byte & m) != 0);
+                    let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 3;
+                    dst[dst_i] = (f32(qs_val) - hm) * dl;
+                    dst_i++;
+                }
+            }
+            m <<= 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_K
+// 8 blocks of 32 elements each
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let m = f32(block.dmin);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    // 2 blocks each iteration
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 128; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 4) {
+            let scale_min = get_scale_min(is, block.scales);
+            is++;
+            let dl = d * scale_min.x;
+            let ml = m * scale_min.y;
+            for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 32; l++) {
+                let q_idx = q_b_idx + l;
+                let q_byte = get_byte(block.qs[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 0xF;
+                dst[dst_i] = (f32(qs_val) * dl - ml);
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_K
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let m = f32(block.dmin);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    var u: u32 = 1;
+    // 2 blocks each iteration
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 128; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 4) {
+            let scale_min = get_scale_min(is, block.scales);
+            is++;
+            let dl = d * scale_min.x;
+            let ml = m * scale_min.y;
+            for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 32; l++) {
+                let q_idx = q_b_idx + l;
+                let q_byte = get_byte(block.qs[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                let qh_byte = get_byte(block.qh[l / 4], l % 4);
+                let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 0xF;
+                let qh_val = select(0.0, 16.0, (qh_byte & u) != 0);
+                dst[dst_i] = (f32(qs_val) + qh_val) * dl - ml;
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+            u <<= 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q6_K
+// 16 blocks of 16 elements each
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+
+    // convert arrays of f16 -> u32
+    var ql_vals: array<u32, 32>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        ql_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.ql[2 * i], block.ql[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var qh_vals: array<u32, 16>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        qh_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[2 * i], block.qh[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var scale_vals: array<u32, 4>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        scale_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2 * i], block.scales[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var qh_b_idx: u32 = 0;
+    var sc_b_idx: u32 = 0;
+    for (var ql_b_idx: u32 = 0; ql_b_idx < 128; ql_b_idx += 64) {
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 32; l++) {
+            let ql13_b = get_byte(ql_vals[(ql_b_idx + l) / 4], (ql_b_idx + l) % 4);
+            let ql24_b = get_byte(ql_vals[(ql_b_idx + l + 32) / 4], (ql_b_idx + l + 32) % 4);
+            let qh_b = get_byte(qh_vals[(qh_b_idx + l) / 4], (qh_b_idx + l) % 4);
+
+            let q1 = f32((ql13_b & 0xF) | ((qh_b & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+            let q2 = f32((ql24_b & 0xF) | (((qh_b >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+            let q3 = f32((ql13_b >> 4) | (((qh_b >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+            let q4 = f32((ql24_b >> 4) | (((qh_b >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+
+            let is = l/16;
+            let is1 = sc_b_idx + is;
+            let sc1 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is1 / 4], is1 % 4);
+            let is2 = sc_b_idx + is + 2;
+            let sc2 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is2 / 4], is2 % 4);
+            let is3 = sc_b_idx + is + 4;
+            let sc3 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is3 / 4], is3 % 4);
+            let is4 = sc_b_idx + is + 6;
+            let sc4 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is4 / 4], is4 % 4);
+
+            dst[dst_i + l] = (q1 * f32(sc1)) * d;
+            dst[dst_i + l + 32] = (q2 * f32(sc2)) * d;
+            dst[dst_i + l + 64] = (q3 * f32(sc3)) * d;
+            dst[dst_i + l + 96] = (q4 * f32(sc4)) * d;
+        }
+        dst_i += 128;
+        qh_b_idx += 32;
+        sc_b_idx += 8;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XXS
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 32; ib += 4) {
+        let aux0 = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib], block.qs[ib + 1]));
+        let aux1 = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib + 2], block.qs[ib + 3]));
+        let db = d * (0.5 + f32(aux1 >> 28)) * 0.25;
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let ig = get_byte(aux0, l) * 8;
+            let is = (aux1 >> (7 * l)) & 127;
+            let signs = get_byte(ksigns_iq2xs[is / 4], is % 4);
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let g = get_byte(iq2xxs_grid[(ig + j) / 4], (ig + j) % 4);
+                let m = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[j / 4], j % 4) & signs) != 0);
+                dst[dst_i] = db * f32(g) * m;
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XS
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var scale_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[0], block.scales[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2], block.scales[3]))
+    );
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 32; ib += 4) {
+        let s = get_byte(scale_vals[ib / 16], (ib % 16) / 4);
+        let db = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s & 0xF)) * 0.25,
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s >> 4)) * 0.25
+        );
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let qs_val = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib + l], 0.0));
+            let ig = (qs_val & 511) * 8;
+            let is = qs_val >> 9;
+            let signs = get_byte(ksigns_iq2xs[is / 4], is % 4);
+            let dl = db[l/2];
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let g = get_byte(iq2xs_grid[(ig + j) / 4], (ig + j) % 4);
+                let m = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[j / 4], j % 4) & signs) != 0);
+                dst[dst_i] = dl * f32(g) * m;
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_S
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var qs_vals : array<u32, 16>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        qs_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[i * 2], block.qs[i * 2 + 1]));
+    }
+    var qh_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[0], block.qh[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[2], block.qh[3]))
+    );
+    var scale_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[0], block.scales[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2], block.scales[3]))
+    );
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib ++) {
+        let s = get_byte(scale_vals[ib / 4], ib % 4);
+        let db = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s & 0xF)) * 0.25,
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s >> 4)) * 0.25
+        );
+        let qs_w = qs_vals[ib];
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let qh_b = (get_byte(qh_vals[ib / 4], ib % 4) << (8 - 2 * l)) & 0x300;
+            let ig = (get_byte(qs_w, l) | qh_b) * 8;
+            let signs = get_byte(qs_vals[ib + 8], l);
+            let dl = db[l/2];
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let g = get_byte(iq2s_grid[(ig + j) / 4], (ig + j) % 4);
+                let m = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[j / 4], j % 4) & signs) != 0);
+                dst[dst_i] = dl * f32(g) * m;
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_XXS
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 16; ib += 2) {
+        let sc_sign = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib + 32], block.qs[ib + 33]));
+        let db = d * (0.5 + f32(sc_sign >> 28)) * 0.5;
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let is = (sc_sign >> (7 * l)) & 127;
+            let signs = get_byte(ksigns_iq2xs[is / 4], is % 4);
+            let ig_val = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib * 2 + l], 0.0));
+            let ig1 = get_byte(ig_val, 0);
+            let ig2 = get_byte(ig_val, 1);
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+                let g1 = get_byte(iq3xxs_grid[ig1], j);
+                let g2 = get_byte(iq3xxs_grid[ig2], j);
+                let m1 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[0], j) & signs) != 0);
+                let m2 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[1], j) & signs) != 0);
+                dst[dst_i] = db * f32(g1) * m1;
+                dst[dst_i + 4] = db * f32(g2) * m2;
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+            dst_i += 4;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_S
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    var qh_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[0], block.qh[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[2], block.qh[3]))
+    );
+    var sign_vals: array<u32, 8>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        sign_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.signs[i * 2], block.signs[i * 2 + 1]));
+    }
+    var scale_vals = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[0], block.scales[1]));
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 4; ib++) {
+        let s = get_byte(scale_vals, ib);
+        let db = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * (1.0 + 2.0 * f32(s & 0xF)),
+            d * (1.0 + 2.0 * f32(s >> 4))
+        );
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 2; k++) {
+            let dl = db[k];
+            let qh_byte = get_byte(qh_vals[ib / 2], (ib % 2) * 2 + k);
+            let sign_w = sign_vals[ib * 2 + k];
+            for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+                let signs = get_byte(sign_w, l);
+                let ig_val = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib * 8 + k * 4 + l], 0.0));
+                let ig1 = get_byte(ig_val, 0) | ((qh_byte << ((8 - (2 * l)))) & 256);
+                let ig2 = get_byte(ig_val, 1) | ((qh_byte << ((7 - (2 * l)))) & 256);
+                for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+                    let g1 = get_byte(iq3s_grid[ig1], j);
+                    let g2 = get_byte(iq3s_grid[ig2], j);
+                    let m1 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[0], j) & signs) != 0);
+                    let m2 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[1], j) & signs) != 0);
+                    dst[dst_i] = dl * f32(g1) * m1;
+                    dst[dst_i + 4] = dl * f32(g2) * m2;
+                    dst_i++;
+                }
+                dst_i += 4;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ1_S
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib++) {
+        let qh = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[ib], 0.0));
+        let dl = d * (2 * f32((qh >> 12) & 7) + 1);
+        let delta = select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, (qh & 0x8000) != 0);
+        let qs_w = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib * 2], block.qs[ib * 2 + 1]));
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let ig = (get_byte(qs_w, l) | (((qh >> (3 * l)) & 7) << 8)) * 8;
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let gw = iq1_grid[(ig + j) / 16];
+                let g = (gw >> (((ig + j) % 16) * 2)) & 3;
+                let gs = bitcast<i32>(g << 30) >> 30;
+                dst[dst_i] = dl * (f32(gs) + delta);
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ1_M
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+
+    let scale = ((block.scales[0] >> 12) & 0xF) | ((block.scales[0] >> 24) & 0x00F0) | ((block.scales[1] >> 4) & 0x0F00) | ((block.scales[1] >> 16) & 0xF000);
+    let d = f32(bitcast<vec2<f16>>(scale).x);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib++) {
+        let sw = (block.scales[ib / 4] >> (16 * ((ib / 2) % 2))) & 0xFFFF;
+        let s1 : u32 = (sw >> (6 * (ib % 2))) & 0x7;
+        let s2 : u32 = (sw >> (6 * (ib % 2) + 3)) & 0x7;
+        var dl = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * f32(2 * s1 + 1),
+            d * f32(2 * s2 + 1)
+        );
+
+        let qh = block.qh[ib / 2] >> (16 * (ib % 2));
+        var idx = array<u32, 4>(
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 0) | ((qh << 8) & 0x700),
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 1) | ((qh << 4) & 0x700),
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 2) | ((qh) & 0x700),
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 3) | ((qh >> 4) & 0x700)
+        );
+        var delta = array<f32, 4>(
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, (qh & 0x08) != 0),
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, (qh & 0x80) != 0),
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, ((qh >> 8) & 0x08) != 0),
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, ((qh >> 8) & 0x80) != 0)
+        );
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let ig = idx[l] * 8;
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let gw = iq1_grid[(ig + j) / 16];
+                let g = (gw >> (((ig + j) % 16) * 2)) & 3;
+                let gs = bitcast<i32>(g << 30) >> 30;
+                dst[dst_i] = dl[l/2] * (f32(gs) + delta[l]);
+                dst_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ4_NL
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 32;
+    var qs: array<u32, 4>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        qs[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[i * 2], block.qs[i * 2 + 1]));
+    }
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+        let qsb = get_byte(qs[j / 4], j % 4);
+        dst[dst_i] = d * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb & 0xF]);
+        dst[dst_i + 16] = d * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb >> 4]);
+        dst_i++;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ4_XS
+fn copy_elements(src_base: u32, dst_base: u32, offset: u32) {
+    let block = src[src_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let scales_h = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales_h, 0.0));
+    var dst_i = dst_base + offset * 256;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib++) {
+        let ls = ((get_byte(block.scales_l, ib / 2) >> (4 * (ib % 2))) & 0xF) | (((scales_h >> (2 * ib)) & 3) << 4);
+        let dl = d * (f32(ls) - 32.0);
+        for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+            let iqs = ib * 16 + j;
+            let qsb = get_byte(block.qs[iqs / 4], iqs % 4);
+            dst[dst_i] = dl * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb & 0xF]);
+            dst[dst_i + 16] = dl * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb >> 4]);
+            dst_i++;
+        }
+        dst_i += 16;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<SRC_TYPE>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> idx: array<i32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DST_TYPE>;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_idx: u32, // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    stride_idx0: u32,
+    stride_idx1: u32,
+    stride_idx2: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    // Shape of dst
+    ne0: u32,
+    n_rows: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+    ne3: u32,
+
+    // Shape of idx
+    idx1: u32,
+    idx2: u32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x >= params.n_rows * params.ne2 * params.ne3) {
+        return;
+    }
+    var i = gid.x;
+    let i_dst3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.n_rows);
+
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.n_rows);
+    let i_dst2 = i / params.n_rows;
+    let i_dst1 = i % params.n_rows;
+
+    let i_idx2 = i_dst3 % params.idx2;
+    let i_idx1 = i_dst2 % params.idx1;
+    let i_idx0 = i_dst1;
+
+    let i_idx = params.offset_idx + i_idx0 * params.stride_idx0 + i_idx1 * params.stride_idx1 + i_idx2 * params.stride_idx2;
+
+    let idx_val = u32(idx[i_idx]);
+
+    let i_src_row = params.offset_src + idx_val * params.stride_src1 + i_dst2 * params.stride_src2 + i_dst3 * params.stride_src3;
+    let i_dst_row = params.offset_dst + i_dst1 * params.stride_dst1 + i_dst2 * params.stride_dst2 + i_dst3 * params.stride_dst3;
+
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < params.ne0/BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
+      copy_elements(i_src_row, i_dst_row, i);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/glu.tmpl.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/glu.tmpl.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03fcd548689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/glu.tmpl.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+#define(VARIANTS)
+
+[
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "reglu_f32",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "REGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "reglu_f32_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "REGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "reglu_f16",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "REGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "reglu_f16_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "REGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_f32",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "GEGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_f32_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "GEGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_f16",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "GEGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_f16_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "GEGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "swiglu_f32",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "SWIGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "swiglu_f32_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "SWIGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "swiglu_f16",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "SWIGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "swiglu_f16_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "SWIGLU"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "swiglu_oai_f32",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "SWIGLU_OAI"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "swiglu_oai_f32_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "SWIGLU_OAI"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_erf_f32",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "GEGLU_ERF"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_erf_f32_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "GEGLU_ERF"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_erf_f16",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "GEGLU_ERF"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_erf_f16_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "GEGLU_ERF"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_quick_f32",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "GEGLU_QUICK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_quick_f32_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "GEGLU_QUICK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_quick_f16",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_SPLIT", "GEGLU_QUICK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "geglu_quick_f16_split",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["SPLIT", "GEGLU_QUICK"]
+  },
+]
+
+#end(VARIANTS)
+
+#define(DECLS)
+
+#decl(REGLU)
+fn op(a: {{TYPE}}, b: {{TYPE}}) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    return max(a, 0) * b;
+}
+#enddecl(REGLU)
+
+#decl(GEGLU)
+const SQRT_2_OVER_PI: {{TYPE}} = 0.79788456080286535587989211986876;
+const GELU_COEF_A: {{TYPE}} = 0.044715;
+
+fn op(a: {{TYPE}}, b: {{TYPE}}) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    let val = SQRT_2_OVER_PI * a * (1.0 + GELU_COEF_A * a * a);
+    return 0.5 * a * (2.0 - 2.0 / (exp(2 * val) + 1)) * b;
+}
+#enddecl(GEGLU)
+
+#decl(SWIGLU)
+fn op(a: {{TYPE}}, b: {{TYPE}}) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    return a / (1.0 + exp(-a)) * b;
+}
+#enddecl(SWIGLU)
+
+#decl(SWIGLU_OAI)
+fn op(a: f32, b: f32) -> f32 {
+  let xi = min(a, params.limit);
+  let gi = max(min(b, params.limit), -params.limit);
+  var out_glu = xi / (1.0 + exp(-xi * params.alpha));
+  out_glu = out_glu * (1.0 + gi);
+  return out_glu;
+}
+#enddecl(SWIGLU_OAI)
+
+#decl(GEGLU_ERF)
+const p_erf: {{TYPE}} = 0.3275911;
+const a1_erf: {{TYPE}} = 0.254829592;
+const a2_erf: {{TYPE}} = -0.284496736;
+const a3_erf: {{TYPE}} = 1.421413741;
+const a4_erf: {{TYPE}} = -1.453152027;
+const a5_erf: {{TYPE}} = 1.061405429;
+const SQRT_2_INV: {{TYPE}} = 0.7071067811865476;
+
+fn op(a: {{TYPE}}, b: {{TYPE}}) -> {{TYPE}} {
+  let a_div_sqr2 = a * SQRT_2_INV;
+  let sign_x = sign(a_div_sqr2);
+  let x = abs(a_div_sqr2);
+  let t = 1.0 / (1.0 + p_erf * x);
+  let y = 1.0 - (((((a5_erf * t + a4_erf) * t + a3_erf) * t + a2_erf) * t + a1_erf) * t * exp(-x * x));
+  let erf_approx = sign_x * y;
+  return 0.5 * a * (1.0 + erf_approx) * b;
+}
+#enddecl(GEGLU_ERF)
+
+#decl(GEGLU_QUICK)
+const GELU_QUICK_COEF: {{TYPE}} = -1.702;
+
+fn op(a: {{TYPE}}, b: {{TYPE}}) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    return a * (1.0 / (1.0 + exp(GELU_QUICK_COEF * a))) * b;
+}
+#enddecl(GEGLU_QUICK)
+
+#decl(NO_SPLIT)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<{{TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+fn a_value(base: u32) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    let offset: u32 = select(0, params.ne0, params.swapped != 0);
+    return src0[base + offset];
+}
+
+fn b_value(base: u32) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    let offset: u32 = select(params.ne0, 0, params.swapped != 0);
+    return src0[base + offset];
+}
+#enddecl(NO_SPLIT)
+
+#decl(SPLIT)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> src1: array<{{TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<{{TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+fn a_value(base: u32) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    return src0[base];
+}
+
+fn b_value(base: u32) -> {{TYPE}} {
+    return src1[base];
+}
+#enddecl(SPLIT)
+
+#end(DECLS)
+
+#define(SHADER)
+
+enable f16;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src01: u32,
+    stride_src02: u32,
+    stride_src03: u32,
+
+    stride_src11: u32,
+    stride_src12: u32,
+    stride_src13: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    // shape of dst
+    ne: u32,
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+
+    swapped: u32,
+    alpha: f32,
+    limit: f32,
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src0: array<{{TYPE}}>;
+
+DECLS
+
+override wg_size: u32;
+@compute @workgroup_size(wg_size)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x >= params.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var i = gid.x;
+    let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i2 = i / (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i1 = i / params.ne0;
+    let i0 = i % params.ne0;
+
+    let i_a = params.offset_src0 + i3 * params.stride_src03 + i2 * params.stride_src02 + i1 * params.stride_src01 + i0;
+    let i_b = params.offset_src1 + i3 * params.stride_src13 + i2 * params.stride_src12 + i1 * params.stride_src11 + i0;
+    let i_dst = params.offset_dst + i3 * params.stride_dst3 + i2 * params.stride_dst2 + i1 * params.stride_dst1 + i0;
+
+    dst[i_dst] = op(a_value(i_a), b_value(i_b));
+}
+
+#end(SHADER)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/memset.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/memset.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..194d2d6f58c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/memset.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> output_buffer: array<u32>;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset: u32, // in bytes
+    size: u32,   // in bytes
+    value: u32,  // 4 8-bit values, which are either repeating (memset_tensor) or may be separate (cleaning up unaligned set_tensor operations)
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+override wg_size: u32;
+override bytes_per_thread: u32;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(wg_size)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    let i = gid.x * bytes_per_thread;
+    let start = params.offset;
+    let end = params.offset + params.size;
+
+    for (var j: u32 = 0u; j < bytes_per_thread; j += 4) {
+        let byte_index = start + i + j;
+        if (byte_index + 4 <= end) {
+            output_buffer[byte_index >> 2] = params.value;
+        } else {
+            // Handle tail (unaligned)
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                let idx = byte_index + k;
+                if (idx < end) {
+                    let word_idx = idx >> 2;
+                    let bit_offset = (idx & 3) * 8u;
+                    let mask = ~(0xffu << bit_offset);
+                    let existing = output_buffer[word_idx];
+                    output_buffer[word_idx] = (existing & mask) | (params.value & (0xffu << bit_offset));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b9f5b36224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
+enable f16;
+
+#include "common_decls.tmpl"
+
+#ifdef FLOAT
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 1u;
+
+#elif defined(Q4_0) || defined(Q4_1) || defined(Q5_0) || defined(Q5_1) || defined(Q8_0) || defined(Q8_1) || defined(IQ4_NL)
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32u;
+
+#elif defined(Q2_K) || defined(Q3_K) || defined(Q4_K) || defined(Q5_K) || defined(Q6_K) || defined(IQ2_XXS) || defined(IQ2_XS) || defined(IQ2_S) || defined(IQ3_XXS) || defined(IQ3_S) || defined(IQ1_S) || defined(IQ1_M) || defined(IQ4_XS)
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 256u;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FLOAT
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    return f32(src0[src0_idx_base + offset]) * f32(src1[src1_idx_base + offset]);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_0
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block_q4_0 = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q4_0.d);
+    var sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q4_0.qs[2 * j], block_q4_0.qs[2 * j + 1]));
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let q_hi = (f32((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) - 8.0f) * d;
+            let q_lo = (f32(q_byte & 0xF) - 8.0f) * d;
+            let src1_offset = src1_idx_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            sum += q_lo * f32(src1[src1_offset]);
+            sum += q_hi * f32(src1[src1_offset + 16]);
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_1
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block_q4_1 = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q4_1.d);
+    let m = f32(block_q4_1.m);
+    var sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = block_q4_1.qs[j];
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let q_hi = f32((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) * d + m;
+            let q_lo = f32(q_byte & 0xF) * d + m;
+            let src1_offset = src1_idx_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            sum += q_lo * f32(src1[src1_offset]);
+            sum += q_hi * f32(src1[src1_offset + 16]);
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_0
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block_q5_0 = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q5_0.d);
+    var sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    let qh_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q5_0.qh[0], block_q5_0.qh[1]));
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q5_0.qs[2 * j], block_q5_0.qs[2 * j + 1]));
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let qh_hi = (qh_packed >> (j * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+            let q_hi = (f32(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi) - 16.0) * d;
+            let qh_lo = ((qh_packed >> (j * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+            let q_lo = (f32((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo) - 16.0) * d;
+            let src1_offset = src1_idx_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            sum += q_lo * f32(src1[src1_offset]);
+            sum += q_hi * f32(src1[src1_offset + 16]);
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_1
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block_q5_1 = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q5_1.d);
+    let m = f32(block_q5_1.m);
+    var sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        let q_packed = block_q5_1.qs[j];
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+            let qh_hi = (block_q5_1.qh >> (j * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+            let q_hi = f32(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi) * d + m;
+            let qh_lo = ((block_q5_1.qh >> (j * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+            let q_lo = f32((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo) * d + m;
+            let src1_offset = src1_idx_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            sum += q_lo * f32(src1[src1_offset]);
+            sum += q_hi * f32(src1[src1_offset + 16]);
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q8_0
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block_q8_0 = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q8_0.d);
+    var sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block_q8_0.qs[2 * j], block_q8_0.qs[2 * j + 1]));
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+            let q_val = f32(q_byte) * d;
+            let src1_offset = src1_idx_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            sum += q_val * f32(src1[src1_offset]);
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q8_1
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block_q8_1 = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block_q8_1.d);
+    let m = f32(block_q8_1.m);
+    var sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+        let q_packed = block_q8_1.qs[j];
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+            let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+            let q_val = f32(q_byte) * d + m;
+            let src1_offset = src1_idx_base + offset * 32 + j * 4 + k;
+            sum += q_val * f32(src1[src1_offset]);
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q2_K
+// 16 blocks of 16 elements each
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let m = f32(block.dmin);
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    // 2 halves of the block (128 elements each)
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 64; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        // 4 groups (each group has 2 blocks of 16 elements)
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 2) {
+            // 2 blocks
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 32; k += 16) {
+                let sc = get_byte(block.scales[is / 4], is % 4);
+                is++;
+                let dl = d * f32(sc & 0xF);
+                let ml = m * f32(sc >> 4);
+                for (var l: u32 = 0u; l < 16; l++) {
+                    let q_idx = q_b_idx + k + l;
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(block.qs[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                    let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 3;
+                    sum += (f32(qs_val) * dl - ml) * src1[src1_i];
+                    src1_i++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q3_K
+// 16 blocks of 16 elements each
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+
+    // extract 6-bit scales, which consist of 4-bits from first 8 bytes of scale,
+    // and 2-bits from the last 4 bytes
+    let kmask1: u32 = 0x03030303;
+    let kmask2: u32 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
+    var scale_vals: array<u32, 4>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        scale_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2 * i], block.scales[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var tmp: u32 = scale_vals[2];
+    scale_vals[2] = ((scale_vals[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
+    scale_vals[3] = ((scale_vals[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
+    scale_vals[0] = (scale_vals[0] & kmask2) | ((tmp & kmask1) << 4);
+    scale_vals[1] = (scale_vals[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
+
+    // convert arrays of f16 -> u32
+    var hmask_vals: array<u32, 8>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        hmask_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.hmask[2 * i], block.hmask[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var qs_vals: array<u32, 16>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        qs_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[2 * i], block.qs[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    var m: u32 = 1;
+    // 2 halves of the block (128 elements each)
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 64; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        // 4 groups (each group has 2 blocks of 16 elements)
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 2) {
+            // 2 blocks
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 32; k += 16) {
+                let sc = get_byte(scale_vals[is / 4], is % 4);
+                is++;
+                let dl = d * (f32(sc) - 32.0);
+                for (var l: u32 = 0u; l < 16u; l++) {
+                    let q_idx = q_b_idx + k + l;
+                    let hm_idx = k + l;
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(qs_vals[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                    let hmask_byte = get_byte(hmask_vals[hm_idx / 4], hm_idx % 4);
+                    let hm = select(4.0, 0.0, (hmask_byte & m) != 0);
+                    let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 3;
+                    sum += ((f32(qs_val) - hm) * dl) * src1[src1_i];
+                    src1_i++;
+                }
+            }
+            m <<= 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q4_K
+// 8 blocks of 32 elements each
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let m = f32(block.dmin);
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    // 2 blocks each iteration
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 128; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 4) {
+            let scale_min = get_scale_min(is, block.scales);
+            is++;
+            let dl = d * scale_min.x;
+            let ml = m * scale_min.y;
+            for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 32; l++) {
+                let q_idx = q_b_idx + l;
+                let q_byte = get_byte(block.qs[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 0xF;
+                sum += (f32(qs_val) * dl - ml) * src1[src1_i];
+                src1_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q5_K
+// 8 blocks of 32 elements each
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let m = f32(block.dmin);
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var is: u32 = 0;
+    var u: u32 = 1;
+    // 2 blocks each iteration
+    for (var q_b_idx: u32 = 0; q_b_idx < 128; q_b_idx += 32) {
+        for (var shift: u32 = 0; shift < 8; shift += 4) {
+            let scale_min = get_scale_min(is, block.scales);
+            is++;
+            let dl = d * scale_min.x;
+            let ml = m * scale_min.y;
+            for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 32; l++) {
+                let q_idx = q_b_idx + l;
+                let q_byte = get_byte(block.qs[q_idx / 4], q_idx % 4);
+                let qh_byte = get_byte(block.qh[l / 4], l % 4);
+                let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 0xF;
+                let qh_val = select(0.0, 16.0, (qh_byte & u) != 0);
+                sum += ((f32(qs_val) + qh_val) * dl - ml) * src1[src1_i];
+               src1_i++;
+            }
+            u <<= 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Q6_K
+// 16 blocks of 16 elements each
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+
+    // convert arrays of f16 -> u32
+    var ql_vals: array<u32, 32>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        ql_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.ql[2 * i], block.ql[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var qh_vals: array<u32, 16>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        qh_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[2 * i], block.qh[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+    var scale_vals: array<u32, 4>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        scale_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2 * i], block.scales[2 * i + 1]));
+    }
+
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var qh_b_idx: u32 = 0;
+    var sc_b_idx: u32 = 0;
+    for (var ql_b_idx: u32 = 0; ql_b_idx < 128; ql_b_idx += 64) {
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 32; l++) {
+            let ql13_b = get_byte(ql_vals[(ql_b_idx + l) / 4], (ql_b_idx + l) % 4);
+            let ql24_b = get_byte(ql_vals[(ql_b_idx + l + 32) / 4], (ql_b_idx + l + 32) % 4);
+            let qh_b = get_byte(qh_vals[(qh_b_idx + l) / 4], (qh_b_idx + l) % 4);
+
+            let q1 = f32((ql13_b & 0xF) | ((qh_b & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+            let q2 = f32((ql24_b & 0xF) | (((qh_b >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+            let q3 = f32((ql13_b >> 4) | (((qh_b >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+            let q4 = f32((ql24_b >> 4) | (((qh_b >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32.0;
+
+            let is = l/16;
+            let is1 = sc_b_idx + is;
+            let sc1 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is1 / 4], is1 % 4);
+            let is2 = sc_b_idx + is + 2;
+            let sc2 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is2 / 4], is2 % 4);
+            let is3 = sc_b_idx + is + 4;
+            let sc3 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is3 / 4], is3 % 4);
+            let is4 = sc_b_idx + is + 6;
+            let sc4 = get_byte_i32(scale_vals[is4 / 4], is4 % 4);
+
+            sum += d * f32(sc1) * q1 * src1[src1_i + l];
+            sum += d * f32(sc2) * q2 * src1[src1_i + l + 32];
+            sum += d * f32(sc3) * q3 * src1[src1_i + l + 64];
+            sum += d * f32(sc4) * q4 * src1[src1_i + l + 96];
+        }
+        src1_i += 128;
+        qh_b_idx += 32;
+        sc_b_idx += 8;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XXS
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 32; ib += 4) {
+        let aux0 = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib], block.qs[ib + 1]));
+        let aux1 = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib + 2], block.qs[ib + 3]));
+        let db = d * (0.5 + f32(aux1 >> 28)) * 0.25;
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let ig = get_byte(aux0, l) * 8;
+            let is = (aux1 >> (7 * l)) & 127;
+            let signs = get_byte(ksigns_iq2xs[is / 4], is % 4);
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let g = get_byte(iq2xxs_grid[(ig + j) / 4], (ig + j) % 4);
+                let m = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[j / 4], j % 4) & signs) != 0);
+                sum += db * f32(g) * m * src1[src1_i];
+                src1_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_XS
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var scale_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[0], block.scales[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2], block.scales[3]))
+    );
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 32; ib += 4) {
+        let s = get_byte(scale_vals[ib / 16], (ib % 16) / 4);
+        let db = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s & 0xF)) * 0.25,
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s >> 4)) * 0.25
+        );
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let qs_val = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib + l], 0.0));
+            let ig = (qs_val & 511) * 8;
+            let is = qs_val >> 9;
+            let signs = get_byte(ksigns_iq2xs[is / 4], is % 4);
+            let dl = db[l/2];
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let g = get_byte(iq2xs_grid[(ig + j) / 4], (ig + j) % 4);
+                let m = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[j / 4], j % 4) & signs) != 0);
+                sum += dl * f32(g) * m * src1[src1_i];
+                src1_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ2_S
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var qs_vals : array<u32, 16>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        qs_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[i * 2], block.qs[i * 2 + 1]));
+    }
+    var qh_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[0], block.qh[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[2], block.qh[3]))
+    );
+    var scale_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[0], block.scales[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[2], block.scales[3]))
+    );
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib ++) {
+        let s = get_byte(scale_vals[ib / 4], ib % 4);
+        let db = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s & 0xF)) * 0.25,
+            d * (0.5 + f32(s >> 4)) * 0.25
+        );
+        let qs_w = qs_vals[ib];
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let qh_b = (get_byte(qh_vals[ib / 4], ib % 4) << (8 - 2 * l)) & 0x300;
+            let ig = (get_byte(qs_w, l) | qh_b) * 8;
+            let signs = get_byte(qs_vals[ib + 8], l);
+            let dl = db[l/2];
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let g = get_byte(iq2s_grid[(ig + j) / 4], (ig + j) % 4);
+                let m = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[j / 4], j % 4) & signs) != 0);
+                sum += dl * f32(g) * m * src1[src1_i];
+                src1_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_XXS
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 16; ib += 2) {
+        let sc_sign = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib + 32], block.qs[ib + 33]));
+        let db = d * (0.5 + f32(sc_sign >> 28)) * 0.5;
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let is = (sc_sign >> (7 * l)) & 127;
+            let signs = get_byte(ksigns_iq2xs[is / 4], is % 4);
+            let ig_val = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib * 2 + l], 0.0));
+            let ig1 = get_byte(ig_val, 0);
+            let ig2 = get_byte(ig_val, 1);
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+                let g1 = get_byte(iq3xxs_grid[ig1], j);
+                let g2 = get_byte(iq3xxs_grid[ig2], j);
+                let m1 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[0], j) & signs) != 0);
+                let m2 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[1], j) & signs) != 0);
+                sum += db * f32(g1) * m1 * src1[src1_i];
+                sum += db * f32(g2) * m2 * src1[src1_i + 4];
+                src1_i++;
+            }
+            src1_i += 4;
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ3_S
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var qh_vals = array<u32, 2>(
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[0], block.qh[1])),
+        bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[2], block.qh[3]))
+    );
+    var sign_vals: array<u32, 8>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        sign_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.signs[i * 2], block.signs[i * 2 + 1]));
+    }
+    var scale_vals = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales[0], block.scales[1]));
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 4; ib++) {
+        let s = get_byte(scale_vals, ib);
+        let db = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * (1.0 + 2.0 * f32(s & 0xF)),
+            d * (1.0 + 2.0 * f32(s >> 4))
+        );
+        for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 2; k++) {
+            let dl = db[k];
+            let qh_byte = get_byte(qh_vals[ib / 2], (ib % 2) * 2 + k);
+            let sign_w = sign_vals[ib * 2 + k];
+            for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+                let signs = get_byte(sign_w, l);
+                let ig_val = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib * 8 + k * 4 + l], 0.0));
+                let ig1 = get_byte(ig_val, 0) | ((qh_byte << ((8 - (2 * l)))) & 256);
+                let ig2 = get_byte(ig_val, 1) | ((qh_byte << ((7 - (2 * l)))) & 256);
+                for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+                    let g1 = get_byte(iq3s_grid[ig1], j);
+                    let g2 = get_byte(iq3s_grid[ig2], j);
+                    let m1 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[0], j) & signs) != 0);
+                    let m2 = select(1.0, -1.0, (get_byte(kmask_iq2xs[1], j) & signs) != 0);
+                    sum += dl * f32(g1) * m1 * src1[src1_i];
+                    sum += dl * f32(g2) * m2 * src1[src1_i + 4];
+                    src1_i++;
+                }
+                src1_i += 4;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ1_S
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib++) {
+        let qh = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qh[ib], 0.0));
+        let dl = d * (2 * f32((qh >> 12) & 7) + 1);
+        let delta = select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, (qh & 0x8000) != 0);
+        let qs_w = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[ib * 2], block.qs[ib * 2 + 1]));
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let ig = (get_byte(qs_w, l) | (((qh >> (3 * l)) & 7) << 8)) * 8;
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let gw = iq1_grid[(ig + j) / 16];
+                let g = (gw >> (((ig + j) % 16) * 2)) & 3;
+                let gs = bitcast<i32>(g << 30) >> 30;
+                sum += dl * (f32(gs) + delta) * src1[src1_i];
+                src1_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef IQ1_M
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+
+    let scale = ((block.scales[0] >> 12) & 0xF) | ((block.scales[0] >> 24) & 0x00F0) | ((block.scales[1] >> 4) & 0x0F00) | ((block.scales[1] >> 16) & 0xF000);
+    let d = f32(bitcast<vec2<f16>>(scale).x);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib++) {
+        let sw = (block.scales[ib / 4] >> (16 * ((ib / 2) % 2))) & 0xFFFF;
+        let s1 : u32 = (sw >> (6 * (ib % 2))) & 0x7;
+        let s2 : u32 = (sw >> (6 * (ib % 2) + 3)) & 0x7;
+        var dl = array<f32, 2>(
+            d * f32(2 * s1 + 1),
+            d * f32(2 * s2 + 1)
+        );
+
+        let qh = block.qh[ib / 2] >> (16 * (ib % 2));
+        var idx = array<u32, 4>(
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 0) | ((qh << 8) & 0x700),
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 1) | ((qh << 4) & 0x700),
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 2) | ((qh) & 0x700),
+            get_byte(block.qs[ib], 3) | ((qh >> 4) & 0x700)
+        );
+        var delta = array<f32, 4>(
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, (qh & 0x08) != 0),
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, (qh & 0x80) != 0),
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, ((qh >> 8) & 0x08) != 0),
+            select(IQ1_DELTA, -IQ1_DELTA, ((qh >> 8) & 0x80) != 0)
+        );
+        for (var l: u32 = 0; l < 4; l++) {
+            let ig = idx[l] * 8;
+            for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                let gw = iq1_grid[(ig + j) / 16];
+                let g = (gw >> (((ig + j) % 16) * 2)) & 3;
+                let gs = bitcast<i32>(g << 30) >> 30;
+                sum += dl[l/2] * (f32(gs) + delta[l]) * src1[src1_i];
+                src1_i++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ4_NL
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 32;
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    var qs: array<u32, 4>;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        qs[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.qs[i * 2], block.qs[i * 2 + 1]));
+    }
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+        let qsb = get_byte(qs[j / 4], j % 4);
+        sum += d * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb & 0xF]) * src1[src1_i];
+        sum += d * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb >> 4]) * src1[src1_i + 16];
+        src1_i++;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IQ4_XS
+fn multiply_add(src0_idx_base: u32, src1_idx_base: u32, offset: u32) -> f32 {
+    let block = src0[src0_idx_base + offset];
+    let d = f32(block.d);
+    let scales_h = bitcast<u32>(vec2(block.scales_h, 0.0));
+    var src1_i = src1_idx_base + offset * 256;
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var ib: u32 = 0; ib < 8; ib++) {
+        let ls = ((get_byte(block.scales_l, ib / 2) >> (4 * (ib % 2))) & 0xF) | (((scales_h >> (2 * ib)) & 3) << 4);
+        let dl = d * (f32(ls) - 32.0);
+        for (var j: u32 = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+            let iqs = ib * 16 + j;
+            let qsb = get_byte(block.qs[iqs / 4], iqs % 4);
+            sum += dl * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb & 0xF]) * src1[src1_i];
+            sum += dl * f32(kvalues_iq4nl[qsb >> 4]) * src1[src1_i + 16];
+            src1_i++;
+        }
+        src1_i += 16;
+    }
+    return sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+struct MulMatParams {
+    offset_src0: u32, // in elements/blocks
+    offset_src1: u32, // in elements/blocks
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements/blocks
+    m: u32,
+    n: u32,
+    k: u32,
+    // all strides are in elements/blocks
+    stride_01: u32,
+    stride_11: u32,
+    stride_02: u32,
+    stride_12: u32,
+    stride_03: u32,
+    stride_13: u32,
+
+    bs02: u32,
+    bs03: u32,
+    broadcast2: u32,
+    broadcast3: u32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src0: array<SRC0_TYPE>; // M rows, K columns
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> src1: array<SRC1_TYPE>; // K rows, N columns (transposed)
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>; // M rows, N columns
+
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> params: MulMatParams;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(256)
+fn main(@builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(workgroup_id) wg_id: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(num_workgroups) num_wg: vec3<u32>) {
+    let wg_linear = wg_id.y * num_wg.x + wg_id.x;
+    let global_idx = wg_linear * 256u + local_id.x;
+
+    let total = params.m * params.n * params.bs02 * params.broadcast2 * params.bs03 * params.broadcast3;
+    if (global_idx >= total) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let dst2_stride = params.m * params.n;
+    let dst3_stride = dst2_stride * params.bs02 * params.broadcast2;
+
+    let dst3_idx = global_idx / dst3_stride;
+    let src03_idx = dst3_idx / params.broadcast3; // src0 may be broadcast along the third dimension
+    let src13_idx = dst3_idx; // src1 is not broadcast
+    let dst3_rem = global_idx % dst3_stride;
+
+    let dst2_idx = dst3_rem / dst2_stride;
+    let src02_idx = dst2_idx / params.broadcast2; // src0 may also be broadcast along the second dimension
+    let src12_idx = dst2_idx; // src1 is not broadcast
+
+    let dst2_rem = dst3_rem % dst2_stride;
+
+    let row = dst2_rem / params.m; // output row
+    let col = dst2_rem % params.m; // output column
+
+    let src0_idx_base = params.offset_src0 + src03_idx * params.stride_03 + src02_idx * params.stride_02 + col * params.stride_01;
+    let src1_idx_base = params.offset_src1 + src13_idx * params.stride_13 + src12_idx * params.stride_12 + row * params.stride_11;
+
+    var sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < params.k/BLOCK_SIZE; i = i + 1u) {
+        sum += multiply_add(src0_idx_base, src1_idx_base, i);
+    }
+    dst[params.offset_dst + dst3_idx * dst3_stride + dst2_idx * dst2_stride + row * params.m + col] = sum;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_decls.tmpl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_decls.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de60ebbcf2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_decls.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+#ifdef VEC
+#define VEC_SIZE 4
+#define SHMEM_TYPE vec4<f16>
+#define DST_TYPE vec4<f32>
+#define SRC0_TYPE vec4<SRC0_INNER_TYPE>
+#define SRC1_TYPE vec4<SRC1_INNER_TYPE>
+
+fn store_shmem(val: vec4<f16>, idx: u32) {
+    shmem[idx] = val.x;
+    shmem[idx + 1] = val.y;
+    shmem[idx + 2] = val.z;
+    shmem[idx + 3] = val.w;
+}
+#endif // VEC
+
+#ifdef SCALAR
+#define VEC_SIZE 1
+#define SHMEM_TYPE f16
+#define DST_TYPE f32
+#define SRC0_TYPE SRC0_INNER_TYPE
+#define SRC1_TYPE SRC1_INNER_TYPE
+
+fn store_shmem(val: f16, idx: u32) {
+    shmem[idx] = val;
+}
+#endif // SCALAR
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_FLOAT
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var elem_idx = thread_id * VEC_SIZE; elem_idx < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; elem_idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * VEC_SIZE) {
+        let tile_m = elem_idx / TILE_K;
+        let tile_k = elem_idx % TILE_K;
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let global_k = k_outer + tile_k;
+        let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + global_k;
+        let src0_val = select( // taking a slight performance hit to avoid oob
+            SRC0_TYPE(0.0),
+            src0[src0_idx/VEC_SIZE],
+            global_m < params.m && global_k < params.k);
+        store_shmem(SHMEM_TYPE(src0_val), elem_idx);
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_FLOAT
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC1_SHMEM_FLOAT
+fn init_shmem_src1(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_n: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var elem_idx = thread_id * VEC_SIZE; elem_idx < TILE_SRC1_SHMEM; elem_idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * VEC_SIZE) {
+        let tile_n = elem_idx / TILE_K;
+        let tile_k = elem_idx % TILE_K;
+        let global_n = offset_n + tile_n;
+        let global_k = k_outer + tile_k;
+        let src1_idx = batch_offset + global_n * params.stride_11 + global_k;
+        let src1_val = select(
+            SRC1_TYPE(0.0),
+            src1[src1_idx/VEC_SIZE],
+            global_n < params.n && global_k < params.k);
+        store_shmem(SHMEM_TYPE(src1_val), TILE_SRC0_SHMEM + elem_idx);
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC1_SHMEM_FLOAT
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q4_0
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32u;
+// the number of blocks per k-tile. Note that this currently only works if TILE_K is a multiple of BLOCK_SIZE, which may need to be rethought for larger quantized types.
+override BLOCKS_K = TILE_K/BLOCK_SIZE;
+const NQ = 16u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 9u; // 1 scale + 8x4 packed weights
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var i = thread_id * NQ; i < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; i += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+
+        let tile_m = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_k = k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + block_k;
+
+        if (global_m < params.m && global_k < params.k / BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + global_k;
+            let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+            let d = src0[scale_idx];
+
+            for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+                let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 1u + block_offset + j];
+                let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 1u + block_offset + j + 1];
+
+                let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+                    let q_hi = (f16((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                    let q_lo = (f16(q_byte & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k] = q_lo;
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k + 16u] = q_hi;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q4_0
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q4_1
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32u;
+// the number of blocks per k-tile. Note that this currently only works if TILE_K is a multiple of BLOCK_SIZE, which may need to be rethought for larger quantized types.
+override BLOCKS_K = TILE_K/BLOCK_SIZE;
+const NQ = 16u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 10u; // 1 scale + 8 packed weights + 1 mean
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var i = thread_id * NQ; i < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; i += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+
+        let tile_m = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_k = k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + block_k;
+
+        if (global_m < params.m && global_k < params.k / BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + global_k;
+            let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+            let d = src0[scale_idx];
+            let m = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+
+            for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+                let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j];
+                let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j + 1];
+
+                let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+                    let q_lo = f16(q_byte & 0xF) * d + m;
+                    let q_hi = f16((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) * d + m;
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k] = q_lo;
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k + 16u] = q_hi;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q4_1
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q5_0
+// 32 weights per block, each at 4 bits each = 32 * 4 = 128 bits / 16 = 8 f16s per block
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32u;
+// the number of blocks per k-tile. Note that this currently only works if TILE_K is a multiple of BLOCK_SIZE, which may need to be rethought for larger quantized types.
+// tile_k is defined as 32u, so blocks_k ends up being 1 always
+override BLOCKS_K = TILE_K / BLOCK_SIZE;
+const NQ = 16u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 11u; // 1 scale + 2 qh + 8 packed weights
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16; // 16 / 4 = 4 f16s per thread, each thread should handle 4 f16s * 4 weights per = 16 weights
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+
+    for (var i = thread_id * NQ; i < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; i += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx    = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let shmem_idx   = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+
+        let tile_m   = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let block_k  = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_k = k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + block_k;
+
+        if (global_m < params.m && global_k < params.k / BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            let src0_idx  = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + global_k;
+            let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+            let d  = src0[scale_idx];
+            let qh0 = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+            let qh1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u];
+            let qh_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(qh0, qh1));
+
+            for (var j = 0u; j < 2; j++) {
+                let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 3u + block_offset + (j*2)];
+                let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 3u + block_offset + (j*2) + 1u];
+
+                let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+
+                let j_adjusted = j + (block_offset / 2u);
+
+
+                for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+
+                    let qh_hi = (qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+                    let q_hi = (f16(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi) - 16.0) * d;
+                    let qh_lo = ((qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+                    let q_lo = (f16((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo) - 16.0) * d;
+
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 4u + k]        = q_lo; // store first weight
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 4u + k + 16u]  = q_hi; // store second weight
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q5_0
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q5_1
+// 32 weights per block, each at 4 bits each = 32 * 4 = 128 bits / 16 = 8 f16s per block
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32u;
+// the number of blocks per k-tile. Note that this currently only works if TILE_K is a multiple of BLOCK_SIZE, which may need to be rethought for larger quantized types.
+// tile_k is defined as 32u, so blocks_k ends up being 1 always
+override BLOCKS_K = TILE_K / BLOCK_SIZE;
+const NQ = 16u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 12u; // 1 scale + 2 qh + 8 packed weights + 1 mean
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16; // 16 / 4 = 4 f16s per thread, each thread should handle 4 f16s * 4 weights per = 16 weights
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+
+    for (var i = thread_id * NQ; i < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; i += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx    = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let shmem_idx   = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+
+        let tile_m   = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let block_k  = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_k = k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + block_k;
+
+        if (global_m < params.m && global_k < params.k / BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            let src0_idx  = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + global_k;
+            let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+            let d  = src0[scale_idx];
+            let m = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+            let qh0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u];
+            let qh1 = src0[scale_idx + 3u];
+            let qh_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(qh0, qh1));
+
+            for (var j = 0u; j < 2; j++) {
+
+                let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 4u + block_offset + (j*2)];
+                let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 4u + block_offset + (j*2) + 1u];
+
+                let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+
+                let j_adjusted = j + (block_offset / 2u);
+
+
+                for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                    let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+
+                    let qh_hi = (qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+                    let q_hi = (f16(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi)) * d + m;
+                    let qh_lo = ((qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+                    let q_lo = (f16((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo)) * d + m;
+
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 4u + k]        = q_lo; // store first weight
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 4u + k + 16u]  = q_hi; // store second weight
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q5_1
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q8_0
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32u;
+// the number of blocks per k-tile. Note that this currently only works if TILE_K is a multiple of BLOCK_SIZE, which may need to be rethought for larger quantized types.
+override BLOCKS_K = TILE_K/BLOCK_SIZE;
+const NQ = 16u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 17u; // 1 scale + 16 in array of weights
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 2u; // 2 8-bit weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16; // 8 f16s per thread
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var i = thread_id * NQ; i < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; i += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+
+        let tile_m = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_k = k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + block_k;
+
+        if (global_m < params.m && global_k < params.k / BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + global_k;
+            let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+            let d = src0[scale_idx];
+
+            for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j+=2) {
+                let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 1u + block_offset + j];
+                let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 1u + block_offset + j + 1];
+
+                let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                    let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+
+                    let q_val = f16(q_byte) * d;
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k] = q_val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q8_0
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q8_1
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32u;
+// the number of blocks per k-tile. Note that this currently only works if TILE_K is a multiple of BLOCK_SIZE, which may need to be rethought for larger quantized types.
+override BLOCKS_K = TILE_K/BLOCK_SIZE;
+const NQ = 16u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 18u; // 1 scale + 1 mean + 8 32-bit values in array of weights
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 2u; // 2 8-bit weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16; // 8 f16s per thread, 2 threads per block
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var i = thread_id * NQ; i < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; i += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+
+        let tile_m = blck_idx / BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let block_k = blck_idx % BLOCKS_K;
+        let global_k = k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + block_k;
+
+        if (global_m < params.m && global_k < params.k / BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + global_k;
+            let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+            let d = src0[scale_idx];
+            let m = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+
+            for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j+=2) {
+                let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j];
+                let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j + 1];
+
+                let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+                for (var k = 0u; k < 4u; k++) {
+                    let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+
+                    let q_val = f16(q_byte) * d + m;
+                    shmem[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k] = q_val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q8_1
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q2_K
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 256u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 42u;
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    // Use standard thread layout instead of lane/row_group
+    for (var elem_idx = thread_id; elem_idx < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; elem_idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE) {
+        let tile_m = elem_idx / TILE_K;
+        let tile_k = elem_idx % TILE_K;
+
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let global_k = k_outer + tile_k;
+
+        if (global_m >= params.m || global_k >= params.k) {
+            shmem[elem_idx] = f16(0.0);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let block_k = global_k / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let k_in_block = global_k % BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+        let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + block_k;
+        let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+        let d = src0[scale_idx + 40u];
+        let dmin = src0[scale_idx + 41u];
+
+        // Decode the element at position k_in_block
+        let block_of_32 = k_in_block / 32u;
+        let pos_in_32 = k_in_block % 32u;
+
+        let q_b_idx = (block_of_32 / 4u) * 32u;
+        let shift = (block_of_32 % 4u) * 2u;
+        let k = (pos_in_32 / 16u) * 16u;
+        let l = pos_in_32 % 16u;
+
+        let is = k_in_block / 16u;
+
+        let sc_0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u * (is / 4u)];
+        let sc_1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u * (is / 4u) + 1u];
+        let sc_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(sc_0, sc_1));
+        let sc = get_byte(sc_packed, is % 4u);
+
+        let dl = d * f16(sc & 0xFu);
+        let ml = dmin * f16(sc >> 4u);
+
+        let q_idx = q_b_idx + k + l;
+        let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 8u + 2u * (q_idx / 4u)];
+        let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 8u + 2u * (q_idx / 4u) + 1u];
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+        let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, q_idx % 4u);
+        let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 3u;
+
+        let q_val = f16(qs_val) * dl - ml;
+        shmem[elem_idx] = q_val;
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q2_K
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q3_K
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 256u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 55u;
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var elem_idx = thread_id; elem_idx < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; elem_idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE) {
+        let tile_m = elem_idx / TILE_K;
+        let tile_k = elem_idx % TILE_K;
+
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let global_k = k_outer + tile_k;
+
+        if (global_m >= params.m || global_k >= params.k) {
+            shmem[elem_idx] = f16(0.0);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let block_k = global_k / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let k_in_block = global_k % BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+        let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + block_k;
+        let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+        let d = src0[scale_idx + 54u];
+
+        // Load and unpack scales
+        let kmask1: u32 = 0x03030303u;
+        let kmask2: u32 = 0x0f0f0f0fu;
+
+        var scale_vals: array<u32, 4>;
+        for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < 4u; i++) {
+            let scale_0 = src0[scale_idx + 48u + (2u*i)];
+            let scale_1 = src0[scale_idx + 48u + (2u*i) + 1u];
+            scale_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(scale_0, scale_1));
+        }
+
+        var tmp: u32 = scale_vals[2];
+        scale_vals[2] = ((scale_vals[0] >> 4u) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4u) & kmask1) << 4u);
+        scale_vals[3] = ((scale_vals[1] >> 4u) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6u) & kmask1) << 4u);
+        scale_vals[0] = (scale_vals[0] & kmask2) | ((tmp & kmask1) << 4u);
+        scale_vals[1] = (scale_vals[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2u) & kmask1) << 4u);
+
+        // Load hmask and qs arrays
+        var hmask_vals: array<u32, 8>;
+        for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < 8u; i++) {
+            let hmask_0 = src0[scale_idx + (2u*i)];
+            let hmask_1 = src0[scale_idx + (2u*i) + 1u];
+            hmask_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(hmask_0, hmask_1));
+        }
+
+        var qs_vals: array<u32, 16>;
+        for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < 16u; i++) {
+            let qs_0 = src0[scale_idx + 16u + (2u*i)];
+            let qs_1 = src0[scale_idx + 16u + (2u*i) + 1u];
+            qs_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(qs_0, qs_1));
+        }
+
+        let half = k_in_block / 128u;           // 0 or 1
+        let pos_in_half = k_in_block % 128u;    // 0-127
+        let shift_group = pos_in_half / 32u;    // 0-3
+        let pos_in_32 = pos_in_half % 32u;      // 0-31
+        let k_group = pos_in_32 / 16u;          // 0 or 1
+        let l = pos_in_32 % 16u;                // 0-15
+
+        let q_b_idx = half * 32u;               // 0 or 32
+        let shift = shift_group * 2u;           // 0, 2, 4, 6
+        let k = k_group * 16u;                  // 0 or 16
+        let is = k_in_block / 16u;              // 0-15
+
+        // m increments every 32 elements across entire 256 element block
+        let m_shift = k_in_block / 32u;         // 0-7
+        let m: u32 = 1u << m_shift;             // 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
+
+        let sc = get_byte(scale_vals[is / 4u], is % 4u);
+        let dl = d * (f16(sc) - 32.0);
+
+        let q_idx = q_b_idx + k + l;
+        let hm_idx = k + l;
+
+        let q_byte = get_byte(qs_vals[q_idx / 4u], q_idx % 4u);
+        let hmask_byte = get_byte(hmask_vals[hm_idx / 4u], hm_idx % 4u);
+
+        let hm = select(4.0, 0.0, (hmask_byte & m) != 0);
+        let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 3u;
+
+        let q_val = (f16(qs_val) - f16(hm)) * dl;
+        shmem[elem_idx] = q_val;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q3_K
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q4_K
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 256u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 72u;
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var elem_idx = thread_id; elem_idx < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; elem_idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE) {
+        let tile_m = elem_idx / TILE_K;
+        let tile_k = elem_idx % TILE_K;
+
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let global_k = k_outer + tile_k;
+
+        if (global_m >= params.m || global_k >= params.k) {
+            shmem[elem_idx] = f16(0.0);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let block_k = global_k / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let k_in_block = global_k % BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+        let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + block_k;
+        let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+        let d = src0[scale_idx];
+        let dmin = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+
+        // Load packed scales
+        var scale_vals: array<u32, 3>;
+        for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < 3u; i++) {
+            let scale_0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + (2u*i)];
+            let scale_1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + (2u*i) + 1u];
+            scale_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(scale_0, scale_1));
+        }
+
+        // Map k_in_block to loop structure:
+        // Outer loop over 64-element groups (alternating q_b_idx)
+        // Inner loop over 2 shifts per group
+        let group_of_64 = k_in_block / 64u;  // 0-3 (maps to q_b_idx)
+        let pos_in_64 = k_in_block % 64u;    // 0-63
+        let shift_group = pos_in_64 / 32u;   // 0 or 1
+        let l = pos_in_64 % 32u;             // 0-31
+
+        let q_b_idx = group_of_64 * 32u;     // 0, 32, 64, 96
+        let shift = shift_group * 4u;        // 0 or 4
+        let is = k_in_block / 32u;           // 0-7
+
+        var sc: u32;
+        var mn: u32;
+
+        if (is < 4u) {
+            let sc_byte = get_byte(scale_vals[is / 4u], is % 4u);
+            let min_byte = get_byte(scale_vals[(is + 4u) / 4u], is % 4u);
+            sc = sc_byte & 63u;
+            mn = min_byte & 63u;
+        } else {
+            let sc_min_lo = get_byte(scale_vals[(is + 4u) / 4u], (is + 4u) % 4u);
+            let sc_hi = get_byte(scale_vals[(is - 4u) / 4u], (is - 4u) % 4u);
+            let min_hi = get_byte(scale_vals[is / 4u], is % 4u);
+
+            sc = (sc_min_lo & 0xFu) | ((sc_hi >> 6u) << 4u);
+            mn = (sc_min_lo >> 4u) | ((min_hi >> 6u) << 4u);
+        }
+
+        let dl = d * f16(sc);
+        let ml = dmin * f16(mn);
+
+        let q_idx = q_b_idx + l;
+        let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 8u + 2u * (q_idx / 4u)];
+        let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 8u + 2u * (q_idx / 4u) + 1u];
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+
+        let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, q_idx % 4u);
+        let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 0xFu;
+
+        let q_val = f16(qs_val) * dl - ml;
+        shmem[elem_idx] = q_val;
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q4_K
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q5_K
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 256u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 88u;
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var elem_idx = thread_id; elem_idx < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; elem_idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE) {
+        let tile_m = elem_idx / TILE_K;
+        let tile_k = elem_idx % TILE_K;
+
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let global_k = k_outer + tile_k;
+
+        if (global_m >= params.m || global_k >= params.k) {
+            shmem[elem_idx] = f16(0.0);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let block_k = global_k / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let k_in_block = global_k % BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+        let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + block_k;
+        let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+        let d = src0[scale_idx];
+        let dmin = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+
+        // Load packed scales
+        var scale_vals: array<u32, 3>;
+        for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < 3u; i++) {
+            let scale_0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + (2u*i)];
+            let scale_1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + (2u*i) + 1u];
+            scale_vals[i] = bitcast<u32>(vec2(scale_0, scale_1));
+        }
+
+        // The original loop processes elements in groups of 64
+        // Each group of 64: q_b_idx cycles through [0,32,64,96], shift cycles [0,4]
+        // But u increments EVERY 32 elements (after each l loop)
+        let group_of_64 = k_in_block / 64u;  // 0-3
+        let pos_in_64 = k_in_block % 64u;    // 0-63
+        let shift_group = pos_in_64 / 32u;   // 0 or 1
+        let l = pos_in_64 % 32u;             // 0-31
+
+        let q_b_idx = group_of_64 * 32u;     // 0, 32, 64, 96
+        let shift = shift_group * 4u;        // 0 or 4
+        let is = k_in_block / 32u;           // 0-7
+
+        // u increments every 32 elements (0->1, 1->2, 2->4, 3->8, 4->16, 5->32, 6->64, 7->128)
+        let u_shift = k_in_block / 32u;      // 0-7
+        let u: u32 = 1u << u_shift;
+
+        var sc: u32;
+        var mn: u32;
+
+        if (is < 4u) {
+            let sc_byte = get_byte(scale_vals[is / 4u], is % 4u);
+            let min_byte = get_byte(scale_vals[(is + 4u) / 4u], is % 4u);
+            sc = sc_byte & 63u;
+            mn = min_byte & 63u;
+        } else {
+            let sc_min_lo = get_byte(scale_vals[(is + 4u) / 4u], (is + 4u) % 4u);
+            let sc_hi = get_byte(scale_vals[(is - 4u) / 4u], (is - 4u) % 4u);
+            let min_hi = get_byte(scale_vals[is / 4u], is % 4u);
+
+            sc = (sc_min_lo & 0xFu) | ((sc_hi >> 6u) << 4u);
+            mn = (sc_min_lo >> 4u) | ((min_hi >> 6u) << 4u);
+        }
+
+        let dl = d * f16(sc);
+        let ml = dmin * f16(mn);
+
+        let q_idx = q_b_idx + l;
+        let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 24u + 2u * (q_idx / 4u)];
+        let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 24u + 2u * (q_idx / 4u) + 1u];
+        let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+
+        let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, q_idx % 4u);
+
+        let qh_0 = src0[scale_idx + 8u + 2u * (l / 4u)];
+        let qh_1 = src0[scale_idx + 8u + 2u * (l / 4u) + 1u];
+        let qh_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(qh_0, qh_1));
+
+        let qh_byte = get_byte(qh_packed, l % 4u);
+
+        let qs_val = (q_byte >> shift) & 0xFu;
+        let qh_val = select(0.0, 16.0, (qh_byte & u) != 0);
+
+        let q_val = (f16(qs_val) + f16(qh_val)) * dl - ml;
+        shmem[elem_idx] = q_val;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q5_K
+
+#ifdef INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q6_K
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 256u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 105u;
+
+fn init_shmem_src0(thread_id: u32, batch_offset: u32, offset_m: u32, k_outer: u32) {
+    for (var elem_idx = thread_id; elem_idx < TILE_SRC0_SHMEM; elem_idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE) {
+        let tile_m = elem_idx / TILE_K;
+        let tile_k = elem_idx % TILE_K;
+
+        let global_m = offset_m + tile_m;
+        let global_k = k_outer + tile_k;
+
+        if (global_m >= params.m || global_k >= params.k) {
+            shmem[elem_idx] = f16(0.0);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let block_k = global_k / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let k_in_block = global_k % BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+        let src0_idx = batch_offset + global_m * params.stride_01 + block_k;
+        let scale_idx = src0_idx * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+        let half = k_in_block / 128u;
+        let pos_in_half = k_in_block % 128u;
+        let quarter = pos_in_half / 32u;
+        let l = pos_in_half % 32u;
+
+        let ql_b_idx = half * 64u;
+        let qh_b_idx = half * 32u;
+        let sc_b_idx = half * 8u;
+
+        // Load only ql13 word needed
+        let ql13_flat = ql_b_idx + l;
+        let ql13_word = ql13_flat / 4u;
+        let ql13 = bitcast<u32>(vec2(
+            src0[scale_idx + 2u * ql13_word],
+            src0[scale_idx + 2u * ql13_word + 1u]
+        ));
+        let ql13_b = get_byte(ql13, ql13_flat % 4u);
+
+        // Load only ql24 word needed
+        let ql24_flat = ql_b_idx + l + 32u;
+        let ql24_word = ql24_flat / 4u;
+        let ql24 = bitcast<u32>(vec2(
+            src0[scale_idx + 2u * ql24_word],
+            src0[scale_idx + 2u * ql24_word + 1u]
+        ));
+        let ql24_b = get_byte(ql24, ql24_flat % 4u);
+
+        // Load only qh word needed
+        let qh_flat = qh_b_idx + l;
+        let qh_word = qh_flat / 4u;
+        let qh = bitcast<u32>(vec2(
+            src0[scale_idx + 64u + 2u * qh_word],
+            src0[scale_idx + 64u + 2u * qh_word + 1u]
+        ));
+        let qh_b = get_byte(qh, qh_flat % 4u);
+
+        let q1 = f16((ql13_b & 0xFu) | ((qh_b & 3u) << 4u)) - f16(32.0);
+        let q2 = f16((ql24_b & 0xFu) | (((qh_b >> 2u) & 3u) << 4u)) - f16(32.0);
+        let q3 = f16((ql13_b >> 4u) | (((qh_b >> 4u) & 3u) << 4u)) - f16(32.0);
+        let q4 = f16((ql24_b >> 4u) | (((qh_b >> 6u) & 3u) << 4u)) - f16(32.0);
+
+        // Load only the scale word needed
+        let is = l / 16u;
+        let sc_idx = sc_b_idx + is + quarter * 2u;
+        let sc_word = sc_idx / 4u;
+        let sc = bitcast<u32>(vec2(
+            src0[scale_idx + 96u + 2u * sc_word],
+            src0[scale_idx + 96u + 2u * sc_word + 1u]
+        ));
+        let sc_val = get_byte_i32(sc, sc_idx % 4u);
+
+        let d = src0[scale_idx + 104u];
+
+        var q_val: f16;
+        if (quarter == 0u) {
+            q_val = q1;
+        } else if (quarter == 1u) {
+            q_val = q2;
+        } else if (quarter == 2u) {
+            q_val = q3;
+        } else {
+            q_val = q4;
+        }
+
+        shmem[elem_idx] = d * f16(sc_val) * q_val;
+    }
+}
+#endif // INIT_SRC0_SHMEM_Q6_K
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_reg_tile.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_reg_tile.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b1da421a691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_reg_tile.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+enable f16;
+
+#include "common_decls.tmpl"
+#include "mul_mat_decls.tmpl"
+
+#ifdef VEC
+fn store_val(acc: array<array<f16, TILE_N>, TILE_M>, tn: u32, tm: u32) -> vec4<f32> {
+    return vec4<f32>(f32(acc[tm][tn]), f32(acc[tm + 1][tn]), f32(acc[tm + 2][tn]), f32(acc[tm + 3][tn]));
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SCALAR
+fn store_val(acc: array<array<f16, TILE_N>, TILE_M>, tn: u32, tm: u32) -> f32 {
+    return f32(acc[tm][tn]);
+}
+#endif
+
+struct MulMatParams {
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+    m: u32,
+    n: u32,
+    k: u32,
+    stride_01: u32,
+    stride_11: u32,
+    stride_02: u32,
+    stride_12: u32,
+    stride_03: u32,
+    stride_13: u32,
+    bs02: u32,
+    bs03: u32,
+    broadcast2: u32,
+    broadcast3: u32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src0: array<SRC0_TYPE>; // M rows, K columns
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> src1: array<SRC1_TYPE>; // K rows, N columns (transposed)
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DST_TYPE>; // M rows, N columns (transposed)
+
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> params: MulMatParams;
+
+fn get_local_n(thread_id: u32) -> u32 {
+    return thread_id / WORKGROUP_SIZE_M;
+}
+fn get_local_m(thread_id: u32) -> u32 {
+    return thread_id % WORKGROUP_SIZE_M;
+}
+
+const TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE = WORKGROUP_SIZE_M * WORKGROUP_SIZE_N;
+const TILE_SRC0_SHMEM = TILE_K * WORKGROUP_SIZE_M * TILE_M;
+const TILE_SRC1_SHMEM = TILE_K * WORKGROUP_SIZE_N * TILE_N;
+
+var<workgroup> shmem: array<f16, TILE_SRC0_SHMEM + TILE_SRC1_SHMEM>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wg_id: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(num_workgroups) num_wg: vec3<u32>) {
+
+    let thread_id = local_id.x;
+    let local_m = get_local_m(thread_id);
+    let local_n = get_local_n(thread_id);
+
+    let wg_n_count = (params.n + WORKGROUP_SIZE_N * TILE_N - 1u) / (WORKGROUP_SIZE_N * TILE_N);
+    let wg_m_count = (params.m + WORKGROUP_SIZE_M * TILE_M - 1u) / (WORKGROUP_SIZE_M * TILE_M);
+    let wg_per_matrix = wg_m_count * wg_n_count;
+
+    let wg_linear = wg_id.y * num_wg.x + wg_id.x;
+
+    let batch_idx = wg_linear / wg_per_matrix;
+
+    let total_batches = params.bs02 * params.broadcast2 * params.bs03 * params.broadcast3;
+    if (batch_idx >= total_batches) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let wg_in_batch = wg_linear % wg_per_matrix;
+    let wg_m = wg_in_batch % wg_m_count;
+    let wg_n = wg_in_batch / wg_m_count;
+
+    let output_row_base = wg_m * WORKGROUP_SIZE_M * TILE_M + local_m * TILE_M;
+    let output_col_base = wg_n * WORKGROUP_SIZE_N * TILE_N + local_n * TILE_N;
+
+    let dst2_stride = params.m * params.n;
+    let dst3_stride = dst2_stride * params.bs02 * params.broadcast2;
+
+    let dst3_idx = batch_idx / (params.bs02 * params.broadcast2);
+    let src03_idx = dst3_idx / params.broadcast3;
+    let src13_idx = dst3_idx;
+    let dst2_idx = batch_idx % (params.bs02 * params.broadcast2);
+    let src02_idx = dst2_idx / params.broadcast2;
+    let src12_idx = dst2_idx;
+
+    let src0_batch_offset = params.offset_src0 + src03_idx * params.stride_03 + src02_idx * params.stride_02;
+    let src1_batch_offset = params.offset_src1 + src13_idx * params.stride_13 + src12_idx * params.stride_12;
+
+    let offset_m = wg_m * WORKGROUP_SIZE_M * TILE_M;
+    let offset_n = wg_n * WORKGROUP_SIZE_N * TILE_N;
+
+    var acc: array<array<f16, TILE_N>, TILE_M>;
+
+    for (var k_outer = 0u; k_outer < params.k; k_outer += TILE_K) {
+
+        // see mul_mat_decls.tmpl
+        init_shmem_src0(thread_id, src0_batch_offset, offset_m, k_outer);
+        init_shmem_src1(thread_id, src1_batch_offset, offset_n, k_outer);
+
+        workgroupBarrier();
+
+        let k_end = min(TILE_K, params.k - k_outer);
+
+        for (var k_inner = 0u; k_inner < k_end; k_inner++) {
+            var src0_tile: array<f16, TILE_M>;
+            for (var tm = 0u; tm < TILE_M; tm++) {
+                let src0_m = local_m * TILE_M + tm;
+                let src0_idx = k_inner + src0_m * TILE_K;
+                src0_tile[tm] = shmem[src0_idx];
+            }
+            for (var tn = 0u; tn < TILE_N; tn++) {
+                let src1_n = local_n * TILE_N + tn;
+                let src1_idx = src1_n * TILE_K + k_inner;
+                let src1_val = shmem[TILE_SRC0_SHMEM + src1_idx];
+                for (var tm = 0u; tm < TILE_M; tm++) {
+                      acc[tm][tn] += src0_tile[tm] * src1_val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+
+    let dst_batch_offset = params.offset_dst + dst3_idx * dst3_stride + dst2_idx * dst2_stride;
+
+    for (var tn = 0u; tn < TILE_N; tn++) {
+        let global_col = output_col_base + tn;
+        if (global_col < params.n) {
+            for (var tm = 0u; tm < TILE_M; tm += VEC_SIZE) {
+                let global_row = output_row_base + tm;
+                if (global_row < params.m) {
+                    let dst_idx = dst_batch_offset + global_col * params.m + global_row;
+                    dst[dst_idx/VEC_SIZE] = store_val(acc, tn, tm);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_subgroup_matrix.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_subgroup_matrix.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f9ef279f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_subgroup_matrix.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+diagnostic(off, chromium.subgroup_matrix_uniformity);
+enable f16;
+enable subgroups;
+enable chromium_experimental_subgroup_matrix;
+
+#include "common_decls.tmpl"
+#include "mul_mat_decls.tmpl"
+
+#ifdef VEC
+fn store_dst(shmem_idx: u32, dst_idx: u32) {
+    dst[dst_idx] = vec4<f32>(
+        f32(shmem[shmem_idx]),
+        f32(shmem[shmem_idx + 1]),
+        f32(shmem[shmem_idx + 2]),
+        f32(shmem[shmem_idx + 3])
+    );
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SCALAR
+fn store_dst(shmem_idx: u32, dst_idx: u32) {
+    dst[dst_idx] = f32(shmem[shmem_idx]);
+}
+#endif
+
+struct MulMatParams {
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+    m: u32,
+    n: u32,
+    k: u32,
+    stride_01: u32,
+    stride_11: u32,
+    stride_02: u32,
+    stride_12: u32,
+    stride_03: u32,
+    stride_13: u32,
+    bs02: u32,
+    bs03: u32,
+    broadcast2: u32,
+    broadcast3: u32
+};
+
+// SRC0_TYPE and SRC1_TYPE are defined in mul_mat_decls, which is included
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src0: array<SRC0_TYPE>; // M rows, K columns
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> src1: array<SRC1_TYPE>; // K rows, N columns (transposed)
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DST_TYPE>; // M rows, N columns (transposed)
+
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> params: MulMatParams;
+
+const WG_M_SG_TILE_SIZE = SUBGROUP_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE;
+const WG_N_SG_TILE_SIZE = SUBGROUP_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE;
+
+// For portability we assume the max subgroup size, meaning some subgroups will be masked out if the
+// runtime subgroup size is smaller.
+const EXPECTED_SUBGROUPS = SUBGROUP_M * SUBGROUP_N;
+const TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE = SUBGROUP_M * SUBGROUP_N * MAX_SUBGROUP_SIZE;
+const TILE_SRC0_SHMEM = TILE_K * SUBGROUP_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE;
+const TILE_SRC1_SHMEM = TILE_K * SUBGROUP_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE;
+
+const SG_MAT_ACCUM_SHMEM = SUBGROUP_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M * SUBGROUP_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE;
+
+// We reuse shmem for accumulation matrices
+const SHMEM_SIZE = max(TILE_SRC0_SHMEM + TILE_SRC1_SHMEM, SG_MAT_ACCUM_SHMEM);
+
+var<workgroup> shmem: array<f16, SHMEM_SIZE>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wg_id: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(subgroup_id) subgroup_id: u32,
+        @builtin(num_workgroups) num_wg: vec3<u32>) {
+
+    let thread_id = local_id.x;
+    let subgroup_m = subgroup_id % SUBGROUP_M;
+    let subgroup_n = subgroup_id / SUBGROUP_M;
+
+    let wg_m_count = (params.m + WG_M_SG_TILE_SIZE - 1) / WG_M_SG_TILE_SIZE;
+    let wg_n_count = (params.n + WG_N_SG_TILE_SIZE - 1) / WG_N_SG_TILE_SIZE;
+    let wg_per_matrix = wg_m_count * wg_n_count;
+
+    let wg_linear = wg_id.y * num_wg.x + wg_id.x;
+
+    let batch_idx = wg_linear / wg_per_matrix;
+
+    let total_batches = params.bs02 * params.broadcast2 * params.bs03 * params.broadcast3;
+    if (batch_idx >= total_batches) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let wg_in_batch = wg_linear % wg_per_matrix;
+    let wg_m = wg_in_batch % wg_m_count;
+    let wg_n = wg_in_batch / wg_m_count;
+
+    let dst2_stride = params.m * params.n;
+    let dst3_stride = dst2_stride * params.bs02 * params.broadcast2;
+
+    let dst3_idx = batch_idx / (params.bs02 * params.broadcast2);
+    let src03_idx = dst3_idx / params.broadcast3;
+    let src13_idx = dst3_idx;
+    let dst2_idx = batch_idx % (params.bs02 * params.broadcast2);
+    let src02_idx = dst2_idx / params.broadcast2;
+    let src12_idx = dst2_idx;
+
+    let src0_batch_offset = params.offset_src0 + src03_idx * params.stride_03 + src02_idx * params.stride_02;
+    let src1_batch_offset = params.offset_src1 + src13_idx * params.stride_13 + src12_idx * params.stride_12;
+
+    let offset_m = wg_m * SUBGROUP_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE;
+    let offset_n = wg_n * SUBGROUP_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE;
+
+    var acc_sg_mat : array<array<subgroup_matrix_result<f16, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE>, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N>, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M>;
+
+    for (var k_outer = 0u; k_outer < params.k; k_outer += TILE_K) {
+
+        // see mul_mat_decls.tmpl
+        init_shmem_src0(thread_id, src0_batch_offset, offset_m, k_outer);
+        init_shmem_src1(thread_id, src1_batch_offset, offset_n, k_outer);
+
+        workgroupBarrier();
+
+        if (subgroup_id < EXPECTED_SUBGROUPS) {
+
+            for (var k_inner = 0u; k_inner < TILE_K; k_inner += SUBGROUP_MATRIX_K_SIZE) {
+
+                let src0_shmem_idx_base = subgroup_m * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE * TILE_K + k_inner;
+                var src0_sg_mats: array<subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_K_SIZE, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE>, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M>;
+                for (var m = 0u; m < SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M; m++) {
+                    src0_sg_mats[m] = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_left<f16, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_K_SIZE, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE>>(
+                        &shmem,
+                        src0_shmem_idx_base + m * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE * TILE_K,
+                        false,
+                        TILE_K
+                    );
+                }
+
+                let src1_shmem_idx_base = TILE_SRC0_SHMEM + subgroup_n * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE * TILE_K + k_inner;
+                for (var n = 0u; n < SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N; n++) {
+                    let src1_sg_mat = subgroupMatrixLoad<subgroup_matrix_right<f16, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE, SUBGROUP_MATRIX_K_SIZE>>(
+                        &shmem,
+                        src1_shmem_idx_base + n * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE * TILE_K,
+                        true,
+                        TILE_K
+                    );
+                    for (var m = 0u; m < SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M; m++) {
+                        acc_sg_mat[m][n] = subgroupMatrixMultiplyAccumulate(src0_sg_mats[m], src1_sg_mat, acc_sg_mat[m][n]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+
+    let dst_batch_offset = params.offset_dst + dst3_idx * dst3_stride + dst2_idx * dst2_stride;
+
+    // Stage the subgroup matrix tiles into shared memory
+    // This uses WG_M_SG_TILE_SIZE as the stride (number of columns in the workgroup tile).
+    let WG_TILE_STRIDE = WG_M_SG_TILE_SIZE;
+    let tile_row_base_local = subgroup_n * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE;
+    let tile_col_base_local = subgroup_m * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE;
+
+    if (subgroup_id < EXPECTED_SUBGROUPS) { // 2-5% performance hit :(
+        for (var n = 0u; n < SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N; n++) {
+            for (var m = 0u; m < SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M; m++) {
+                let local_row = tile_row_base_local + n * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE;
+                let local_col = tile_col_base_local + m * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE;
+                let out_base = local_row * WG_TILE_STRIDE + local_col;
+                subgroupMatrixStore(&shmem, out_base, acc_sg_mat[m][n], true, WG_TILE_STRIDE);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    workgroupBarrier();
+
+    // Cooperative write: iterate over the entire workgroup tile
+    let tile_rows = WG_N_SG_TILE_SIZE;
+    let tile_cols = WG_M_SG_TILE_SIZE;
+    let total_tile_elems = tile_rows * tile_cols;
+    let tile_dst_row_base = wg_m * SUBGROUP_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_M_SIZE;
+    let tile_dst_col_base = wg_n * SUBGROUP_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N * SUBGROUP_MATRIX_N_SIZE;
+
+    for (var idx = thread_id * VEC_SIZE; idx < total_tile_elems; idx += TOTAL_WORKGROUP_SIZE * VEC_SIZE) {
+        let local_row = idx % WG_TILE_STRIDE;
+        let local_col = idx / WG_TILE_STRIDE;
+
+        let global_row = tile_dst_row_base + local_row;
+        let global_col = tile_dst_col_base + local_col;
+
+        if (global_col < params.n && global_row < params.m) {
+            let dst_idx = dst_batch_offset + global_col * params.m + global_row;
+            store_dst(idx, dst_idx/VEC_SIZE);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_vec.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_vec.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94f4bae11f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/mul_mat_vec.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+enable f16;
+
+#include "common_decls.tmpl"
+
+#ifdef VEC
+
+#define VEC_SIZE 4
+#define DST_TYPE vec4<f32>
+#define SRC0_TYPE vec4<SRC0_INNER_TYPE>
+#define SRC1_TYPE vec4<SRC1_INNER_TYPE>
+
+fn inner_dot(src0_val: SRC0_TYPE, src1_val: SRC1_TYPE) -> f32 {
+    return f32(dot(SRC1_TYPE(src0_val), src1_val));
+}
+
+fn store_val(group_base: u32) -> vec4<f32> {
+    return vec4<f32>(partial_sums[group_base],
+                     partial_sums[group_base + THREADS_PER_OUTPUT],
+                     partial_sums[group_base + THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * 2],
+                     partial_sums[group_base + THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * 3]);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SCALAR
+
+#define VEC_SIZE 1
+#define DST_TYPE f32
+#define SRC0_TYPE SRC0_INNER_TYPE
+#define SRC1_TYPE SRC1_INNER_TYPE
+
+fn inner_dot(src0_val: SRC0_TYPE, src1_val: SRC1_TYPE) -> f32 {
+    return f32(src0_val) * f32(src1_val);
+}
+
+fn store_val(group_base: u32) -> f32 {
+    return partial_sums[group_base];
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_FLOAT
+fn mul_acc(tig:u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i = tig * VEC_SIZE; i < tile_size; i += THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * VEC_SIZE) {
+        let a = src0[(idx_base + k_outer + i) / VEC_SIZE];
+        let b = shared_vector[i / VEC_SIZE];
+        local_sum += inner_dot(a, b);
+    }
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_Q4_0
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+const NQ = 16u; // number of weights per thread
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 9u; // 1 scale + 8x4 packed weights
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn mul_acc(tig:u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i = tig * NQ; i < tile_size; i += THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let scale_idx = (idx_base + k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + blck_idx) * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+        // each f16 contains offsets [block_offset, block_offset + 1] and [block_offset + 16, block_offset + 17]
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+        let d = f32(src0[scale_idx]);
+        for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+            let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 1 + block_offset + j];
+            let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 1 + block_offset + j + 1];
+            let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+                let q_hi = (f32((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                let q_lo = (f32(q_byte & 0xF) - 8.0) * d;
+                local_sum += q_lo * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k];
+                local_sum += q_hi * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k + 16];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_Q4_1
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+const NQ = 16u; // number of weights per thread
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 10u;
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn mul_acc(tig:u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i = tig * NQ; i < tile_size; i += THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let scale_idx = (idx_base + k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + blck_idx) * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+        // each f16 contains offsets [block_offset, block_offset + 1] and [block_offset + 16, block_offset + 17]
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+        let d = f32(src0[scale_idx]);
+        let m = f32(src0[scale_idx + 1u]);
+        for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+            let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j];
+            let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j + 1];
+            let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+                let q_hi = f32((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) * d + m;
+                let q_lo = f32(q_byte & 0xF) * d + m;
+                local_sum += q_lo * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k];
+                local_sum += q_hi * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k + 16];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_Q5_0
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+const NQ = 16u; // number of weights per thread
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 11u;
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn mul_acc(tig:u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i = tig * NQ; i < tile_size; i += THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let scale_idx = (idx_base + k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + blck_idx) * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+        // each f16 contains offsets [block_offset, block_offset + 1] and [block_offset + 16, block_offset + 17]
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+        let d = f32(src0[scale_idx]);
+        let qh0 = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+        let qh1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u];
+        let qh_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(qh0, qh1));
+
+        for (var j = 0u; j < 2; j++) {
+            let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 3u + block_offset + (j*2)];
+            let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 3u + block_offset + (j*2) + 1u];
+            let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+
+            let j_adjusted = j + (block_offset / 2u);
+
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+
+                let qh_hi = (qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+                let q_hi = (f32(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi) - 16.0) * d;
+                let qh_lo = ((qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+                let q_lo = (f32((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo) - 16.0) * d;
+
+                local_sum += q_lo * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 4 + k];
+                local_sum += q_hi * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 4 + k + 16];
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_Q5_1
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+const NQ = 16u; // number of weights per thread
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 12u;
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 4u; // 4 weights per f16
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn mul_acc(tig:u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i = tig * NQ; i < tile_size; i += THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let scale_idx = (idx_base + k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + blck_idx) * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+        // each f16 contains offsets [block_offset, block_offset + 1] and [block_offset + 16, block_offset + 17]
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+        let d = f32(src0[scale_idx]);
+        let m = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+        let qh0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u];
+        let qh1 = src0[scale_idx + 3u];
+        let qh_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(qh0, qh1));
+
+        for (var j = 0u; j < 2; j++) {
+            let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 4u + block_offset + (j*2)];
+            let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 4u + block_offset + (j*2) + 1u];
+            let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+
+            let j_adjusted = j + (block_offset / 2u);
+
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                let q_byte = get_byte(q_packed, k);
+
+                let qh_hi = (qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k + 12)) & 0x10;
+                let q_hi = f32(((q_byte >> 4) & 0xF) | qh_hi) * d + f32(m);
+                let qh_lo = ((qh_packed >> (j_adjusted * 4 + k)) << 4) & 0x10;
+                let q_lo = f32((q_byte & 0xF) | qh_lo) * d + f32(m);
+
+                local_sum += q_lo * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 4 + k];
+                local_sum += q_hi * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 4 + k + 16];
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_Q8_0
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+const NQ = 16u; // number of weights per thread
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 17u;
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 2u;
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn mul_acc(tig:u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i = tig * NQ; i < tile_size; i += THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let scale_idx = (idx_base + k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + blck_idx) * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+        // each f16 contains offsets [block_offset, block_offset + 1] and [block_offset + 16, block_offset + 17]
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+        let d = f32(src0[scale_idx]);
+
+        for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+            let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 1 + block_offset + j];
+            let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 1 + block_offset + j + 1];
+            let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+                let q_val = f32(q_byte) * d;
+                local_sum += q_val * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_Q8_1
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 32;
+const NQ = 16u; // number of weights per thread
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 18u;
+const WEIGHTS_PER_F16 = 2u;
+const F16_PER_THREAD = NQ / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+
+fn mul_acc(tig:u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+    for (var i = tig * NQ; i < tile_size; i += THREADS_PER_OUTPUT * NQ) {
+        let blck_idx = i / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (i % BLOCK_SIZE) / WEIGHTS_PER_F16;
+        let scale_idx = (idx_base + k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE + blck_idx) * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+        // each f16 contains offsets [block_offset, block_offset + 1] and [block_offset + 16, block_offset + 17]
+        let shmem_idx = blck_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + block_offset * 2u;
+        let d = f32(src0[scale_idx]);
+        let m = src0[scale_idx + 1u];
+
+        for (var j = 0u; j < F16_PER_THREAD; j += 2) {
+            let q_0 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j];
+            let q_1 = src0[scale_idx + 2u + block_offset + j + 1];
+            let q_packed = bitcast<u32>(vec2(q_0, q_1));
+            for (var k: u32 = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                let q_byte = get_byte_i32(q_packed, k);
+                let q_val = f32(q_byte) * d + f32(m);
+                local_sum += q_val * shared_vector[shmem_idx + j * 2 + k];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MUL_ACC_Q6_K
+
+const BLOCK_SIZE = 256u;
+const F16_PER_BLOCK = 105u;
+
+fn load_u32_at(bbase: u32, byte_offset: u32) -> u32 {
+    let aligned = byte_offset & ~3u;
+    let idx = bbase + aligned / 2u;
+    return bitcast<u32>(vec2(src0[idx], src0[idx + 1u]));
+}
+
+fn byte_of(v: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
+    return (v >> (b * 8u)) & 0xFFu;
+}
+
+fn sbyte_of(v: u32, b: u32) -> i32 {
+    let raw = i32((v >> (b * 8u)) & 0xFFu);
+    return select(raw, raw - 256, raw >= 128);
+}
+
+fn mul_acc(tig: u32, tile_size: u32, idx_base: u32, k_outer: u32) -> f32 {
+    let tid = tig / 2u;
+    let ix  = tig % 2u;
+    let ip  = tid / 8u;
+    let il  = tid % 8u;
+    let l0  = 4u * il;
+    let is  = 8u * ip + l0 / 16u;
+
+    let y_offset   = 128u * ip + l0;
+    let q_offset_l =  64u * ip + l0;
+    let q_offset_h =  32u * ip + l0;
+
+    let nb = tile_size / BLOCK_SIZE;
+    let k_block_start = k_outer / BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    // Aligned scale byte position (is can be odd)
+    let sc_base_byte = 192u + (is & ~3u);
+    let sc_byte_pos  = is & 3u;
+
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (var i = ix; i < nb; i += 2u) {
+        let bbase = (idx_base + k_block_start + i) * F16_PER_BLOCK;
+
+        let d_raw = load_u32_at(bbase, 208u);
+        let d = f32(bitcast<vec2<f16>>(d_raw)[0]);
+
+        let ql1_u32  = load_u32_at(bbase, q_offset_l);
+        let ql2_u32  = load_u32_at(bbase, q_offset_l + 32u);
+        let qh_u32   = load_u32_at(bbase, 128u + q_offset_h);
+        let sc_u32_0 = load_u32_at(bbase, sc_base_byte);
+        let sc_u32_1 = load_u32_at(bbase, sc_base_byte + 4u);
+
+        let sc0 = sbyte_of(sc_u32_0, sc_byte_pos);
+        let sc2 = sbyte_of(sc_u32_0, sc_byte_pos + 2u);
+        let sc4 = sbyte_of(sc_u32_1, sc_byte_pos);
+        let sc6 = sbyte_of(sc_u32_1, sc_byte_pos + 2u);
+
+        var sums = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+
+        for (var l = 0u; l < 4u; l++) {
+            let y_base = i * BLOCK_SIZE + y_offset + l;
+            let yl0 = f32(shared_vector[y_base]);
+            let yl1 = f32(shared_vector[y_base + 32u]);
+            let yl2 = f32(shared_vector[y_base + 64u]);
+            let yl3 = f32(shared_vector[y_base + 96u]);
+
+            let q1b = byte_of(ql1_u32, l);
+            let q2b = byte_of(ql2_u32, l);
+            let qhb = byte_of(qh_u32,  l);
+
+            let dq0 = f32(i32((q1b & 0x0Fu) | ((qhb & 0x03u) << 4u)) - 32);
+            let dq1 = f32(i32((q2b & 0x0Fu) | ((qhb & 0x0Cu) << 2u)) - 32);
+            let dq2 = f32(i32((q1b >>   4u) | ((qhb & 0x30u)       )) - 32);
+            let dq3 = f32(i32((q2b >>   4u) | ((qhb & 0xC0u) >> 2u)) - 32);
+
+            sums[0] += yl0 * dq0;
+            sums[1] += yl1 * dq1;
+            sums[2] += yl2 * dq2;
+            sums[3] += yl3 * dq3;
+        }
+
+        local_sum += d * (sums[0] * f32(sc0) + sums[1] * f32(sc2) +
+                          sums[2] * f32(sc4) + sums[3] * f32(sc6));
+    }
+
+    return local_sum;
+}
+#endif
+
+struct MulMatParams {
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+    m: u32,
+    n: u32,
+    k: u32,
+    stride_01: u32,
+    stride_11: u32,
+    stride_02: u32,
+    stride_12: u32,
+    stride_03: u32,
+    stride_13: u32,
+    bs02: u32,
+    bs03: u32,
+    broadcast2: u32,
+    broadcast3: u32
+};
+
+// SRC0_TYPE and SRC1_TYPE are defined in mul_mat_decls, which is included
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> src0: array<SRC0_TYPE>; // M rows, K columns
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> src1: array<SRC1_TYPE>; // K rows, N columns (transposed)
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DST_TYPE>; // M rows, N columns (transposed)
+
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<uniform> params: MulMatParams;
+
+const THREADS_PER_OUTPUT = WG_SIZE / OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
+
+// Shared memory for collaborative loading and reduction
+var<workgroup> shared_vector: array<SRC1_TYPE, TILE_K/VEC_SIZE>;  // Cache vector tile
+var<workgroup> partial_sums: array<f32, WG_SIZE>;   // For reduction
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(
+    @builtin(local_invocation_id) local_id: vec3<u32>,
+    @builtin(workgroup_id) wg_id: vec3<u32>,
+    @builtin(num_workgroups) num_wg: vec3<u32>) {
+    let thread_id = local_id.x;
+
+    // Handle batch dimensions
+    let total_batches = params.bs02 * params.broadcast2 * params.bs03 * params.broadcast3;
+    let wg_linear = wg_id.y * num_wg.x + wg_id.x;
+    let output_groups = (params.m + OUTPUTS_PER_WG - 1u) / OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
+    let batch_idx = wg_linear / output_groups;
+    if (batch_idx >= total_batches) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Which of the outputs does this thread belong to?
+    let thread_group = thread_id / THREADS_PER_OUTPUT;
+    let thread_in_group = thread_id % THREADS_PER_OUTPUT;
+
+    // Each workgroup computes OUTPUTS_PER_WG consecutive outputs
+    let output_row = (wg_linear % output_groups) * OUTPUTS_PER_WG + thread_group;
+
+    let dst2_stride = params.m * params.n;
+    let dst2_idx = batch_idx % (params.bs02 * params.broadcast2);
+    let dst3_stride = dst2_stride * params.bs02 * params.broadcast2;
+    let dst3_idx = batch_idx / (params.bs02 * params.broadcast2);
+    let src03_idx = dst3_idx / params.broadcast3;
+    let src13_idx = dst3_idx;
+    let src02_idx = dst2_idx / params.broadcast2;
+    let src12_idx = dst2_idx;
+
+    let src0_idx_base = params.offset_src0 + src03_idx * params.stride_03 + src02_idx * params.stride_02 + output_row * params.stride_01;
+    let src1_idx_base = params.offset_src1 + src13_idx * params.stride_13 + src12_idx * params.stride_12;
+    let dst_idx = params.offset_dst + dst3_idx * dst3_stride + dst2_idx * dst2_stride + output_row;
+
+    var local_sum = 0.0;
+
+    // Each thread processes multiple K elements and accumulates
+    for (var k_tile = 0u; k_tile < params.k; k_tile += TILE_K) {
+        let tile_size = min(TILE_K, params.k - k_tile);
+
+        // Cooperatively load vector tile into shared memory (all threads)
+        for (var i = thread_id * VEC_SIZE; i < tile_size; i += WG_SIZE * VEC_SIZE) {
+            shared_vector[i / VEC_SIZE] = src1[(src1_idx_base + k_tile + i) / VEC_SIZE];
+        }
+
+        workgroupBarrier();
+
+        if (output_row < params.m) {
+            local_sum += mul_acc(thread_in_group, tile_size, src0_idx_base, k_tile);
+        }
+
+        workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+
+    // Store partial sums and reduce within each partition
+    partial_sums[thread_id] = local_sum;
+    workgroupBarrier();
+    let group_base = thread_group * THREADS_PER_OUTPUT;
+    let thread_base = group_base + thread_in_group;
+    var offset: u32 = THREADS_PER_OUTPUT / 2;
+    while (offset > 0) {
+        if (thread_in_group < offset) {
+            partial_sums[thread_base] += partial_sums[thread_base + offset];
+        }
+        offset = offset / 2;
+        workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+
+    // Store back to global memory
+    if (output_row < params.m && thread_group % VEC_SIZE == 0 && thread_in_group == 0) {
+        dst[dst_idx / VEC_SIZE] = store_val(group_base);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/pad.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/pad.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea63b9a731c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/pad.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+struct Params {
+    ne: u32,            // total number of elements
+    offset_src: u32,    // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32,    // in elements
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src0: u32,
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    // Logical shapes
+    src_ne0: u32,
+    src_ne1: u32,
+    src_ne2: u32,
+    src_ne3: u32,
+
+    dst_ne0: u32,
+    dst_ne1: u32,
+    dst_ne2: u32,
+    dst_ne3: u32,
+
+    // Pad sizes (in elements)
+    lp0: u32,
+    rp0: u32,
+    lp1: u32,
+    rp1: u32,
+    lp2: u32,
+    rp2: u32,
+    lp3: u32,
+    rp3: u32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+fn wrap_around(idx: i32, n: u32) -> u32 {
+    return u32(idx + i32(n)) % n;
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x >= params.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var i = gid.x;
+    let dst_plane = params.dst_ne2 * params.dst_ne1 * params.dst_ne0;
+    let i3 = i / dst_plane;
+    i = i % dst_plane;
+    let i2 = i / (params.dst_ne1 * params.dst_ne0);
+    i = i % (params.dst_ne1 * params.dst_ne0);
+    let i1 = i / params.dst_ne0;
+    let i0 = i % params.dst_ne0;
+
+    var value: f32 = 0.0;
+
+#ifdef CIRCULAR
+    let ci0 = wrap_around(i32(i0) - i32(params.lp0), params.src_ne0);
+    let ci1 = wrap_around(i32(i1) - i32(params.lp1), params.src_ne1);
+    let ci2 = wrap_around(i32(i2) - i32(params.lp2), params.src_ne2);
+    let ci3 = wrap_around(i32(i3) - i32(params.lp3), params.src_ne3);
+    let circular_src_idx = ci0 * params.stride_src0 + ci1 * params.stride_src1 +
+                           ci2 * params.stride_src2 + ci3 * params.stride_src3;
+    value = src[params.offset_src + circular_src_idx];
+#else
+    let is_src =
+        (i0 >= params.lp0 && i0 < params.dst_ne0 - params.rp0) &&
+        (i1 >= params.lp1 && i1 < params.dst_ne1 - params.rp1) &&
+        (i2 >= params.lp2 && i2 < params.dst_ne2 - params.rp2) &&
+        (i3 >= params.lp3 && i3 < params.dst_ne3 - params.rp3);
+    if (is_src) {
+        let src_idx = (i0 - params.lp0) * params.stride_src0 + (i1 - params.lp1) * params.stride_src1 +
+                      (i2 - params.lp2) * params.stride_src2 + (i3 - params.lp3) * params.stride_src3;
+        value = src[params.offset_src + src_idx];
+    }
+#endif
+
+    dst[params.offset_dst + gid.x] = value;
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/repeat.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/repeat.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6e2a1a8b614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/repeat.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+enable f16;
+
+struct Params {
+    ne: u32,
+
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    stride_src0_0: u32,
+    stride_src0_1: u32,
+    stride_src0_2: u32,
+    stride_src0_3: u32,
+
+    a_ne0: u32,
+    a_ne1: u32,
+    a_ne2: u32,
+    a_ne3: u32,
+
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+};
+
+#ifdef TYPE_F32
+#define DataType f32
+#endif
+#ifdef TYPE_I32
+#define DataType i32
+#endif
+#ifdef TYPE_I16
+// same size (16-bit) is sufficient for repeat
+#define DataType f16
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src0: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DataType>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x < params.ne) {
+        var i = gid.x;
+        let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        let i2 = i / (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        i = i % (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+        let i1 = i / params.ne0;
+        let i0 = i % params.ne0;
+
+        let a_i0 = i0 % params.a_ne0;
+        let a_i1 = i1 % params.a_ne1;
+        let a_i2 = i2 % params.a_ne2;
+        let a_i3 = i3 % params.a_ne3;
+
+        let a_index = a_i0 * params.stride_src0_0 +
+                           a_i1 * params.stride_src0_1 +
+                           a_i2 * params.stride_src0_2 +
+                           a_i3 * params.stride_src0_3;
+
+        dst[params.offset_dst + gid.x] = src0[params.offset_src0 + a_index];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/rms_norm.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/rms_norm.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..712b921f1ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/rms_norm.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#define(VARIANTS)
+
+[
+  {
+    "DECLS": ["NOT_INPLACE"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_SUFFIX": "inplace",
+    "DECLS": ["INPLACE"]
+  },
+]
+
+#end(VARIANTS)
+
+#define(DECLS)
+
+#decl(NOT_INPLACE)
+
+fn update(src_offset: u32, dst_offset: u32, scale: f32) {
+    dst[dst_offset] = scale * src[src_offset];
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+#enddecl(NOT_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(INPLACE)
+
+fn update(src_offset: u32, dst_offset: u32, scale: f32) {
+    src[dst_offset] = scale * src[src_offset];
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+#enddecl(INPLACE)
+
+#end(DECLS)
+
+#define(SHADER)
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    // Shape of src/dst
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+    ne3: u32,
+
+    eps: f32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+DECLS
+
+override wg_size: u32;
+var<workgroup> scratch: array<f32, wg_size>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(wg_size)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) lid: vec3<u32>) {
+
+    // one thread per row
+    var i = wid.x;
+    let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    let i2 = i / params.ne1;
+    let i1 = i % params.ne1;
+    let i_src_row = params.offset_src + i3 * params.stride_src3 + i2 * params.stride_src2 + i1 * params.stride_src1;
+    let i_dst_row = params.offset_dst + i3 * params.stride_dst3 + i2 * params.stride_dst2 + i1 * params.stride_dst1;
+
+    let elems = (params.ne0 + wg_size - 1) / wg_size;
+
+    var sum = 0.0f;
+    var col = lid.x;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < elems; j++) {
+        if (col >= params.ne0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        sum += pow(src[i_src_row + col], 2.0);
+        col += wg_size;
+    }
+
+    scratch[lid.x] = sum;
+    workgroupBarrier();
+    var offset = wg_size / 2;
+    while (offset > 0) {
+        if (lid.x < offset) {
+            scratch[lid.x] += scratch[lid.x + offset];
+        }
+        offset = offset / 2;
+        workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+    sum = scratch[0];
+
+    let scale = 1.0/sqrt(sum/f32(params.ne0) + params.eps);
+    col = lid.x;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < elems; j++) {
+        if (col >= params.ne0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        update(i_src_row + col, i_dst_row + col, scale);
+        col += wg_size;
+    }
+}
+#end(SHADER)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/rope.tmpl.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/rope.tmpl.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84dc8dbff61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/rope.tmpl.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+#define(VARIANTS)
+
+[
+  {
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_FF_BINDINGS", "NO_FF_FUNC", "ROTATE"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_SUFFIX": "f32_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "NO_FF_FUNC", "ROTATE_INPLACE"]
+  },
+  {
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_FF_BINDINGS", "NO_FF_FUNC", "ROTATE"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_SUFFIX": "f16_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["NO_FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "NO_FF_FUNC", "ROTATE_INPLACE"]
+  },
+  {
+   "SHADER_SUFFIX": "f32_ff",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["FF_BINDINGS", "FF_FUNC", "ROTATE"]
+  },
+  {
+   "SHADER_SUFFIX": "f32_ff_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "FF_FUNC", "ROTATE_INPLACE"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_SUFFIX": "f16_ff",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["FF_BINDINGS", "FF_FUNC", "ROTATE"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_SUFFIX": "f16_ff_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "FF_FUNC", "ROTATE_INPLACE"]
+  }
+]
+
+#end(VARIANTS)
+
+#define(DECLS)
+
+#decl(ROTATE)
+fn rotate(i_dst0: u32, i_dst1: u32, out0: f32, out1: f32) {
+    dst[i_dst0] = {{TYPE}}(out0);
+    dst[i_dst1] = {{TYPE}}(out1);
+}
+#enddecl(ROTATE)
+
+#decl(ROTATE_INPLACE)
+fn rotate(i_dst0: u32, i_dst1: u32, out0: f32, out1: f32) {
+    src0[i_dst0] = {{TYPE}}(out0);
+    src0[i_dst1] = {{TYPE}}(out1);
+}
+#enddecl(ROTATE_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(NO_FF_FUNC)
+fn freq_factor(i: u32) -> f32 {
+    return 1.0f;
+}
+#enddecl(NO_FF_FUNC)
+
+#decl(FF_FUNC)
+fn freq_factor(i: u32) -> f32 {
+    return src2[params.offset_src2 + i/2];
+}
+#enddecl(FF_FUNC)
+
+#decl(NO_FF_BINDINGS)
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<{{TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+#enddecl(NO_FF_BINDINGS)
+
+#decl(NO_FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+#enddecl(NO_FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(FF_BINDINGS)
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> src2: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<{{TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(4)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+#enddecl(FF_BINDINGS)
+
+#decl(FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> src2: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+#enddecl(FF_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+#end(DECLS)
+
+#define(SHADER)
+
+enable f16;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_src2: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src01: u32,
+    stride_src02: u32,
+    stride_src03: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    n_threads: u32,
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+
+    n_dims: u32,
+    mode: u32,
+    theta_scale: f32,
+    attn_factor: f32,
+    freq_scale: f32,
+    ext_factor: f32,
+    corr_dim0: f32,
+    corr_dim1: f32,
+    sections0: u32,
+    sections1: u32,
+    sections2: u32,
+    sections3: u32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src0: array<{{TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> src1: array<i32>;
+
+DECLS
+
+fn rope_yarn_ramp(low: f32, high: f32, i: u32) -> f32 {
+    let y = (f32(i / 2) - low) / max(0.001f, high - low);
+    return 1.0f - min(1.0f, max(0.0f, y));
+}
+
+// returns vector of (cos_theta, sin_theta)
+// TODO: check performance of instantiating once on the CPU and passed as buffer, since it's repeated per-row
+fn rope_yarn(theta_extrap: f32, i: u32) -> vec2<f32> {
+    var mscale = params.attn_factor;
+    var theta = params.freq_scale * theta_extrap;
+    if (params.ext_factor != 0.0f) {
+        let ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp(params.corr_dim0, params.corr_dim1, i) * params.ext_factor;
+        theta = theta * (1 - ramp_mix) + theta_extrap * ramp_mix;
+        mscale *= 1.0f + 0.1f * log(1.0f / params.freq_scale);
+    }
+    return vec2<f32>(cos(theta) * mscale, sin(theta) * mscale);
+}
+
+fn pair_base(i0: u32, div_2: bool) -> u32 {
+    if (div_2) {
+        return i0 / 2;
+    } else {
+        return i0;
+    }
+}
+
+fn pair_offset(is_neox: bool, is_mrope: bool, is_vision: bool) -> u32 {
+    if (is_vision) {
+        return params.n_dims;
+    } else if (is_neox || is_mrope) {
+        return params.n_dims / 2;
+    } else {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+override wg_size: u32;
+@compute @workgroup_size(wg_size)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    // two elements per thread
+    if (gid.x >= params.n_threads) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let is_neox = bool(params.mode & 2);
+    let is_mrope = bool(params.mode & 8);
+    let is_imrope = params.mode == 40;
+    let is_vision = params.mode == 24;
+
+    var i = gid.x * 2; // start index for this thread
+    let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i2 = i / (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i1 = i / params.ne0;
+    let i0 = i % params.ne0;
+
+    let i_src_row = params.offset_src0 + i3 * params.stride_src03 + i2 * params.stride_src02 + i1 * params.stride_src01;
+    let i_dst_row = params.offset_dst + i3 * params.stride_dst3 + i2 * params.stride_dst2 + i1 * params.stride_dst1;
+
+    if (i0 >= params.n_dims && !is_vision) {
+        let i_src = i_src_row + i0;
+        let i_dst = i_dst_row + i0;
+        rotate(i_dst, i_dst + 1, f32(src0[i_src]), f32(src0[i_src + 1]));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var theta_base_mult: u32 = 0;
+    var theta_scale_pwr: u32 = i0 / 2;
+    if (is_mrope) {
+        let sect_dims = params.sections0 + params.sections1 + params.sections2 + params.sections3;
+        let sec_w = params.sections1 + params.sections0;
+        let sec_e = params.sections2 + sec_w;
+        let sector = (i0 / 2) % sect_dims;
+        if (is_imrope) {
+          if (sector % 3 == 1 && sector < 3 * params.sections1) {
+              theta_base_mult = 1;
+          } else if (sector % 3 == 2 && sector < 3 * params.sections2) {
+              theta_base_mult = 2;
+          } else if (sector % 3 == 0 && sector < 3 * params.sections0) {
+              theta_base_mult = 0;
+          } else {
+              theta_base_mult = 3;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (sector >= params.sections0 && sector < sec_w) {
+              theta_base_mult = 1;
+              if (is_vision) {
+                  theta_scale_pwr = sector - params.sections0;
+              }
+          } else if (sector >= sec_w && sector < sec_e) {
+              theta_base_mult = 2;
+              if (is_vision) {
+                  theta_scale_pwr = sector - sec_w;
+              }
+          } else if (sector >= sec_e) {
+              if (is_vision) {
+                  theta_scale_pwr = sector - sec_e;
+                  theta_scale_pwr = (i0 / 2) % sec_e;
+              }
+              theta_base_mult = 3;
+          } else if (is_vision) {
+              theta_scale_pwr = sector;
+          }
+        }
+    }
+    let theta_base = f32(src1[params.offset_src1 + i2 + params.ne2 * theta_base_mult]) * pow(params.theta_scale, f32(theta_scale_pwr));
+    let thetas = rope_yarn(theta_base/freq_factor(i0), i0);
+
+    let i_src = i_src_row + pair_base(i0, is_neox || is_mrope || is_vision);
+    let i_dst = i_dst_row + pair_base(i0, is_neox || is_mrope || is_vision);
+
+    let x0 = f32(src0[i_src]);
+    let x1 = f32(src0[i_src + pair_offset(is_neox, is_mrope, is_vision)]);
+    rotate(i_dst, i_dst + pair_offset(is_neox, is_mrope, is_vision), x0 * thetas.x - x1 * thetas.y, x0 * thetas.y + x1 * thetas.x);
+}
+
+#end(SHADER)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/scale.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/scale.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b70a876d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/scale.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifdef INPLACE
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+fn store_scale(val: f32, offset: u32) {
+    src[offset] = val;
+}
+#else
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+fn store_scale(val: f32, offset: u32) {
+    dst[offset] = val;
+}
+#endif
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    ne: u32,
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+
+    scale: f32,
+    bias: f32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x >= params.ne) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var i = gid.x;
+    let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i2 = i / (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i1 = i / params.ne0;
+    let i0 = i % params.ne0;
+
+    let i_src = params.offset_src + i3 * params.stride_src3 + i2 * params.stride_src2 + i1 * params.stride_src1 + i0;
+    let i_dst = params.offset_dst + i3 * params.stride_dst3 + i2 * params.stride_dst2 + i1 * params.stride_dst1 + i0;
+
+    store_scale(src[i_src] * params.scale + params.bias, i_dst);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/set_rows.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/set_rows.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99e9192c71a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/set_rows.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+enable f16;
+
+#ifdef DST_F32
+#define DST_INNER_TYPE f32
+#else
+#define DST_INNER_TYPE f16
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VEC4
+#define SRC_TYPE vec4<f32>
+#define DST_TYPE vec4<DST_INNER_TYPE>
+#define VEC_SIZE 4
+#else
+#define SRC_TYPE f32
+#define DST_TYPE DST_INNER_TYPE
+#define VEC_SIZE 1
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<SRC_TYPE>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> idx: array<u32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<DST_TYPE>;
+
+#ifdef I64_IDX
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<storage, read_write> error: atomic<u32>;
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
+#else
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 3
+#endif
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_idx: u32, // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    stride_idx0: u32,
+    stride_idx1: u32,
+    stride_idx2: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    // Shape of src
+    ne0: u32,
+    n_rows: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+    ne3: u32,
+
+    // Shape of idx
+    idx1: u32,
+    idx2: u32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x >= (params.ne3 * params.ne2 * params.n_rows * params.ne0) / VEC_SIZE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // getting the row from gid
+    let elems_per_row = params.ne0 / VEC_SIZE;
+    var i = gid.x / elems_per_row;
+
+    let i_src3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.n_rows);
+
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.n_rows);
+    let i_src2 = i / params.n_rows;
+    let i_src1 = i % params.n_rows;
+
+    let i_idx2 = i_src3 % params.idx2;
+    let i_idx1 = i_src2 % params.idx1;
+    let i_idx0 = i_src1;
+
+#ifdef I64_IDX
+    let idx_high = (params.offset_idx + i_idx0 * params.stride_idx0 + i_idx1 * params.stride_idx1 + i_idx2 * params.stride_idx2) * 2;
+
+    let idx_val = idx[idx_high];
+    let idx_low_val = idx[idx_high + 1];
+
+    if (idx_low_val != 0) {
+        // Upper bits of index are not zero, output will be incorrect
+        atomicStore(&error, 1);
+        return;
+    }
+#else
+    let idx_i = params.offset_idx + i_idx0 * params.stride_idx0 + i_idx1 * params.stride_idx1 + i_idx2 * params.stride_idx2;
+    let idx_val = idx[idx_i];
+#endif
+
+    let i_dst_row = params.offset_dst + idx_val * params.stride_dst1 + i_src2 * params.stride_dst2 + i_src3 * params.stride_dst3;
+    let i_src_row = params.offset_src + i_src1 * params.stride_src1 + i_src2 * params.stride_src2 + i_src3 * params.stride_src3;
+
+    let col_idx = (gid.x % elems_per_row);
+    dst[i_dst_row/VEC_SIZE + col_idx] = DST_TYPE(src[i_src_row/VEC_SIZE + col_idx]);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/soft_max.tmpl.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/soft_max.tmpl.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c74dc4cc923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/soft_max.tmpl.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+#define(VARIANTS)
+[
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32",
+    "DECLS": ["BASE_BINDINGS", "NOT_INPLACE", "NO_MASK", "NO_SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_inplace",
+    "DECLS": ["BASE_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "INPLACE", "NO_MASK", "NO_SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_sink",
+    "DECLS": ["SINK_BINDINGS", "NOT_INPLACE", "NO_MASK", "SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_sink_inplace",
+    "DECLS": ["SINK_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "INPLACE", "NO_MASK", "SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f32",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_BINDINGS", "NOT_INPLACE", "MASK", "NO_SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f32_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "INPLACE", "MASK", "NO_SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f16",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_BINDINGS", "NOT_INPLACE", "MASK", "NO_SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f16_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "INPLACE", "MASK", "NO_SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f32_sink",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_SINK_BINDINGS", "NOT_INPLACE", "MASK", "SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f32_sink_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f32",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_SINK_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "INPLACE", "MASK", "SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f16_sink",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_SINK_BINDINGS", "NOT_INPLACE", "MASK", "SINK"]
+  },
+  {
+    "SHADER_NAME": "soft_max_f32_mask_f16_sink_inplace",
+    "REPLS": {
+      "MASK_TYPE" : "f16",
+    },
+    "DECLS": ["MASK_SINK_BINDINGS_INPLACE", "INPLACE", "MASK", "SINK"]
+  }
+]
+#end(VARIANTS)
+
+#define(DECLS)
+
+#decl(BASE_BINDINGS)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(BASE_BINDINGS)
+
+#decl(BASE_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(BASE_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(SINK_BINDINGS)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(SINK_BINDINGS)
+
+#decl(SINK_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(SINK_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(MASK_BINDINGS)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> mask: array<{{MASK_TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(MASK_BINDINGS)
+
+#decl(MASK_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> mask: array<{{MASK_TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(MASK_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(MASK_SINK_BINDINGS)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> mask: array<{{MASK_TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(4)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(MASK_SINK_BINDINGS)
+
+#decl(MASK_SINK_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> mask: array<{{MASK_TYPE}}>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+#enddecl(MASK_SINK_BINDINGS_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(NOT_INPLACE)
+fn inter_value(i: u32) -> f32 {
+    return dst[i];
+}
+
+fn update(i: u32, val: f32) {
+    dst[i] = val;
+}
+#enddecl(NOT_INPLACE)
+
+#decl(INPLACE)
+fn inter_value(i: u32) -> f32 {
+    return src[i];
+}
+
+fn update(i: u32, val: f32) {
+    src[i] = val;
+}
+#enddecl(INPLACE)
+
+#decl(NO_MASK)
+fn mask_val(i: u32) -> f32 {
+    return 0.0;
+}
+#enddecl(NO_MASK)
+
+#decl(MASK)
+fn mask_val(i: u32) -> f32 {
+    return f32(mask[i]);
+}
+#enddecl(MASK)
+
+#decl(NO_SINK)
+fn lower_max_bound(i2: u32) -> f32 {
+    return -1e30;
+}
+
+fn add_sinks(val: f32, i2: u32, max_val: f32) -> f32 {
+    return val;
+}
+#enddecl(NO_SINK)
+
+#decl(SINK)
+fn lower_max_bound(i2: u32) -> f32 {
+    return sinks[params.offset_sinks + i2];
+}
+
+fn add_sinks(val: f32, i2: u32, max_val: f32) -> f32 {
+    return val + exp(sinks[params.offset_sinks + i2] - max_val);
+}
+#enddecl(SINK)
+
+#end(DECLS)
+
+#define(SHADER)
+enable f16;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src0: u32,
+    offset_src1: u32,
+    offset_sinks: u32,
+    offset_dst: u32,
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src01: u32,
+    stride_src02: u32,
+    stride_src03: u32,
+
+    stride_src11: u32,
+    stride_src12: u32,
+    stride_src13: u32,
+
+    stride_dst1: u32,
+    stride_dst2: u32,
+    stride_dst3: u32,
+
+    // shape of src0/dst
+    ne: u32,
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+
+    // shape of src1
+    ne12: u32,
+    ne13: u32,
+
+    scale: f32,
+    max_bias: f32,
+    n_head_log2: f32,
+    m0: f32,
+    m1: f32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+DECLS
+
+const CACHE_SIZE: u32 = 16;
+
+override wg_size: u32;
+var<workgroup> scratch: array<f32, wg_size>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(wg_size)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) lid: vec3<u32>) {
+
+    var i = wid.x;
+    let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    let i2 = i / params.ne1;
+    let i1 = i % params.ne1;
+    let i_src0_row = params.offset_src0 + i3 * params.stride_src03 + i2 * params.stride_src02 + i1 * params.stride_src01;
+    let i_src1_row = params.offset_src1 + (i3 % params.ne13) * params.stride_src13 + (i2 % params.ne12) * params.stride_src12 + i1 * params.stride_src11;
+    let i_dst_row = params.offset_dst + i3 * params.stride_dst3 + i2 * params.stride_dst2 + i1 * params.stride_dst1;
+    let elems = (params.ne0 + wg_size - 1) / wg_size;
+
+    let head = f32(i2);
+    let slope = select(1, select(pow(params.m1, 2 * (head - params.n_head_log2) + 1), pow(params.m0, head + 1), head < params.n_head_log2), params.max_bias > 0);
+
+    var cache: array<f32, CACHE_SIZE>;
+
+    var max_val = lower_max_bound(i2);
+    var col = lid.x;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < elems; j++) {
+        if (col >= params.ne0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        let val = src[i_src0_row + col] * params.scale + slope * mask_val(i_src1_row + col);
+        max_val = max(max_val, val);
+        if (col < CACHE_SIZE) {
+            cache[col] = val;
+        }
+        col += wg_size;
+    }
+
+    scratch[lid.x] = max_val;
+    workgroupBarrier();
+    var offset = wg_size / 2;
+    while (offset > 0) {
+        if (lid.x < offset) {
+            scratch[lid.x] = max(scratch[lid.x], scratch[lid.x + offset]);
+        }
+        offset = offset / 2;
+        workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+    let row_max = scratch[0];
+    workgroupBarrier();
+
+    var sum = 0.0f;
+    col = lid.x;
+    for (var j: u32 = 0; j < elems; j++) {
+        if (col >= params.ne0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        let val = select(src[i_src0_row + col] * params.scale + slope * mask_val(i_src1_row + col),
+                         cache[col], col < CACHE_SIZE);
+        let ex = exp(val - row_max);
+        sum += ex;
+        if (col < CACHE_SIZE) {
+            cache[col] = ex;
+        } else {
+            update(i_dst_row + col, ex);
+        }
+        col += wg_size;
+    }
+
+    scratch[lid.x] = sum;
+    workgroupBarrier();
+    offset = wg_size / 2;
+    while (offset > 0) {
+        if (lid.x < offset) {
+            scratch[lid.x] += scratch[lid.x + offset];
+        }
+        offset = offset / 2;
+        workgroupBarrier();
+    }
+    let row_sum = add_sinks(scratch[0], i2, row_max);
+
+    let sum_recip = 1.0 / row_sum;
+    col = lid.x;
+    for  (var j: u32 = 0; j < elems; j++) {
+        if (col >= params.ne0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        update(i_dst_row + col, select(inter_value(i_dst_row + col), cache[col], col < CACHE_SIZE) * sum_recip);
+        col += wg_size;
+    }
+}
+#end(SHADER)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/sum_rows.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/sum_rows.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ea2de9b7c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/sum_rows.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<f32>;
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_src: u32, // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32, // in elements
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+var<workgroup> shared_sum: array<f32, WG_SIZE>;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(workgroup_id) wid: vec3<u32>,
+        @builtin(local_invocation_id) lid: vec3<u32>) {
+
+    var i = wid.x;
+    let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1);
+    let i2 = i / params.ne1;
+    let i1 = i % params.ne1;
+    let i_src_row = params.offset_src + i3 * params.stride_src3 + i2 * params.stride_src2 + i1 * params.stride_src1;
+    var local_sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    for (var col = lid.x; col < params.ne0; col += WG_SIZE) {
+        local_sum += src[i_src_row + col];
+    }
+    shared_sum[lid.x] = local_sum;
+    workgroupBarrier();
+    // reduce within workgroup
+    var offset: u32 = WG_SIZE >> 1;
+    while (offset > 0) {
+        if (lid.x < offset) {
+            shared_sum[lid.x] = shared_sum[lid.x] + shared_sum[lid.x + offset];
+        }
+        workgroupBarrier();
+        offset >>= 1;
+    }
+
+    if (lid.x == 0) {
+        dst[params.offset_dst + wid.x] = shared_sum[0];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/unary.wgsl b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/unary.wgsl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..feaf6d0ac29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/unary.wgsl
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#ifdef TYPE_F16
+enable f16;
+#define TYPE f16
+#else
+#define TYPE f32
+#endif
+
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<storage, read_write> src: array<TYPE>;
+
+#ifndef INPLACE
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var<storage, read_write> dst: array<TYPE>;
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 2
+#else
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 1
+#endif
+
+struct Params {
+    ne: u32,            // total number of elements
+    offset_src: u32,    // in elements
+    offset_dst: u32,    // in elements
+
+    // Strides (in elements)
+    stride_src0: u32,
+    stride_src1: u32,
+    stride_src2: u32,
+    stride_src3: u32,
+
+    // Logical shapes
+    ne0: u32,
+    ne1: u32,
+    ne2: u32,
+#ifdef CLAMP
+    clamp_min: f32,
+    clamp_max: f32,
+#endif
+#ifdef FILL
+    fill_val: f32,
+#endif
+#ifdef XIELU
+    alpha_n: f32,
+    alpha_p: f32,
+    beta: f32,
+    eps: f32,
+#endif
+
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(PARAMS_BINDING)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>) {
+    if (gid.x >= params.ne) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var i = gid.x;
+    let i3 = i / (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne2 * params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i2 = i / (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    i = i % (params.ne1 * params.ne0);
+    let i1 = i / params.ne0;
+    let i0 = i % params.ne0;
+
+    let src_idx = i0 * params.stride_src0 + i1 * params.stride_src1 +
+                  i2 * params.stride_src2 + i3 * params.stride_src3;
+
+#ifdef ABS
+    let res = abs(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+#endif
+#ifdef SGN
+    let res = select(TYPE(select(0.0, -1.0, src[params.offset_src + src_idx] < 0.0)), TYPE(1.0),
+                     src[params.offset_src + src_idx] > 0.0);
+#endif
+#ifdef NEG
+    let res = -src[params.offset_src + src_idx];
+#endif
+#ifdef STEP
+    let res = TYPE(select(0.0, 1.0, src[params.offset_src + src_idx] > 0.0));
+#endif
+#ifdef TANH
+    let res = tanh(clamp(src[params.offset_src + src_idx], -9.010913, 9.010913));
+#endif
+#ifdef RELU
+    let res = select(0.0, src[params.offset_src + src_idx], src[params.offset_src + src_idx] > 0.0);
+#endif
+#ifdef ELU
+    let res = select(exp(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]) - 1.0, src[params.offset_src + src_idx],
+                     src[params.offset_src + src_idx] > 0.0);
+#endif
+#ifdef HARDSIGMOID
+    let res = min(1.0, max(0.0, (src[params.offset_src + src_idx] + 3.0) / 6.0));
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGMOID
+    let res = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-src[params.offset_src + src_idx]));
+#endif
+#ifdef SILU
+    let res = src[params.offset_src + src_idx] / (1.0 + exp(-src[params.offset_src + src_idx]));
+#endif
+#ifdef EXP
+    let res = exp(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+#endif
+#ifdef LOG
+    let res = TYPE(log(f32(src[params.offset_src + src_idx])));
+#endif
+#ifdef CLAMP
+    let res = clamp(src[params.offset_src + src_idx], TYPE(params.clamp_min), TYPE(params.clamp_max));
+#endif
+#ifdef FILL
+    let res = TYPE(params.fill_val);
+#endif
+#ifdef HARDSWISH
+    let res = src[params.offset_src + src_idx] *
+              min(1.0, max(0.0, (src[params.offset_src + src_idx] + 3.0) / 6.0));
+#endif
+#ifdef GELU
+    let res = 0.5 * src[params.offset_src + src_idx] *
+              (1.0 + tanh(clamp(sqrt(2.0 / 3.14159265) *
+                               (src[params.offset_src + src_idx] +
+                                0.044715 * pow(src[params.offset_src + src_idx], 3.0)),
+                               -9.010913, 9.010913)));
+#endif
+#ifdef GELU_QUICK
+    let res = src[params.offset_src + src_idx] * 0.5 *
+              (1.0 + tanh(clamp(0.79788456 *
+                               (src[params.offset_src + src_idx] +
+                                0.044715 * src[params.offset_src + src_idx] *
+                                    src[params.offset_src + src_idx] * src[params.offset_src + src_idx]),
+                               -9.010913, 9.010913)));
+#endif
+#ifdef GELU_ERF
+    let res = 0.5 * src[params.offset_src + src_idx] *
+              (1.0 + tanh(clamp(0.79788456 *
+                               (src[params.offset_src + src_idx] +
+                                0.044715 * src[params.offset_src + src_idx] *
+                                    src[params.offset_src + src_idx] * src[params.offset_src + src_idx]),
+                               -9.010913, 9.010913)));
+#endif
+#ifdef XIELU
+    let res =
+        select(((exp(min(src[params.offset_src + src_idx], TYPE(params.eps))) - 1.0) -
+                src[params.offset_src + src_idx]) *
+                   TYPE(params.alpha_n) +
+               TYPE(params.beta) * src[params.offset_src + src_idx],
+               TYPE(params.alpha_p) * src[params.offset_src + src_idx] *
+                   src[params.offset_src + src_idx] +
+                   TYPE(params.beta) * src[params.offset_src + src_idx],
+               src[params.offset_src + src_idx] > 0.0);
+#endif
+#ifdef SOFTPLUS
+    let src_f32 = f32(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+    let res = TYPE(select(log(1.0 + exp(src_f32)), src_f32, src_f32 > 20.0));
+#endif
+#ifdef EXPM1
+    let res = exp(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]) - 1.0;
+#endif
+#ifdef FLOOR
+    let res = floor(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+#endif
+#ifdef CEIL
+    let res = ceil(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+#endif
+#ifdef ROUND
+    let src_f32 = f32(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+    let result = select(ceil(src_f32 - 0.5), floor(src_f32 + 0.5), src_f32 >= 0.0);
+    let res = TYPE(result);
+#endif
+#ifdef TRUNC
+    let res = trunc(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+#endif
+#ifdef SQR
+    let res = src[params.offset_src + src_idx] * src[params.offset_src + src_idx];
+#endif
+#ifdef SQRT
+    let res = sqrt(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIN
+    let res_f32 = sin(f32(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]));
+    let res = TYPE(res_f32);
+#endif
+#ifdef COS
+    let res_f32 = cos(f32(src[params.offset_src + src_idx]));
+    let res = TYPE(res_f32);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INPLACE
+    src[params.offset_src + src_idx] = res;
+#else
+    dst[params.offset_dst + gid.x] = res;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/.gitignore b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8322c0f8e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+zdnn.h
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a723ce4de2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+if (DEFINED ZDNN_ROOT)
+    message(STATUS "zdnn: using ZDNN_ROOT override: ${ZDNN_ROOT}")
+    set(ZDNN_HINT "${ZDNN_ROOT}")
+else()
+    set(ZDNN_HINT "")
+endif()
+
+find_path(ZDNN_INCLUDE
+            NAMES zdnn.h
+            HINTS ${ZDNN_HINT} /usr /usr/local
+            PATH_SUFFIXES include)
+if (ZDNN_INCLUDE)
+    message(STATUS "zdnn: found include: ${ZDNN_INCLUDE}")
+else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "zdnn: include directory not found, please set ZDNN_ROOT to the proper path if necessary")
+endif()
+
+find_library(ZDNN_LIB
+                NAMES zdnn
+                HINTS ${ZDNN_HINT} /usr /usr/local
+                PATH_SUFFIXES lib lib64)
+if (ZDNN_LIB)
+    message(STATUS "zdnn: found library: ${ZDNN_LIB}")
+else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "zdnn: library not found, please set ZDNN_ROOT to the proper path if necessary")
+endif()
+
+file(GLOB GGML_SOURCES_ZDNN "*.c" "*.cpp")
+file(GLOB GGML_HEADERS_ZDNN "*.h" "*.hpp")
+
+ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-zdnn ${GGML_HEADERS_ZDNN} ${GGML_SOURCES_ZDNN})
+target_link_libraries(ggml-zdnn PRIVATE ${ZDNN_LIB})
+target_include_directories(ggml-zdnn PRIVATE ${ZDNN_INCLUDE})
+target_link_directories(ggml-zdnn PRIVATE ${ZDNN_LIB})
+
+target_compile_definitions(ggml-zdnn PRIVATE GGML_USE_ZDNN)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/common.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/common.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2462ded55b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/common.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#ifndef GGML_ZDNN_COMMON_HPP
+#define GGML_ZDNN_COMMON_HPP
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include "zdnn.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+
+#define GGML_ZDNN_NAME    "zDNN"
+#define GGML_ZDNN_VERSION ZDNN_VERNUM
+
+#define ZDNN_CHECK(stmt)                \
+    do {                                \
+        zdnn_status status = (stmt);    \
+        GGML_ASSERT(status == ZDNN_OK); \
+    } while (0);
+
+struct ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context {
+    int zdnn_device;
+    int zdnn_device_ref_count;
+
+    bool has_parmblkformat_0;
+    bool has_parmblkformat_1;  // checks for z17
+
+    size_t max_size;
+
+    char name[128];
+};
+
+struct ggml_backend_zdnn_context {
+    int device;
+    ggml_cgraph * gf;
+};
+
+struct ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer {
+    void * data;
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * extra;  // for bias, etc.
+    size_t size;
+
+    zdnn_tensor_desc pre_tfm_desc;
+    zdnn_tensor_desc tfm_desc;
+    zdnn_ztensor     ztensor;
+
+    char name[GGML_MAX_NAME];
+};
+
+struct ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context {
+    void * all_data;
+    size_t all_size;
+    bool owned;
+
+    int n_buffers;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer>> buffers;
+};
+
+#endif  // GGML_ZDNN_COMMON_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/ggml-zdnn.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/ggml-zdnn.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b6938abf7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/ggml-zdnn.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+#include "ggml-zdnn.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#include "ggml-zdnn/common.hpp"
+#include "ggml-zdnn/mmf.hpp"
+#include "ggml-zdnn/utils.hpp"
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <csignal>  // raise(SIGTRAP)
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static void ggml_zdnn_compute_forward_mul_mat(
+    const ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx,
+          ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // weights
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // inputs
+
+    // TODO: implement support for quantized types
+    // we currently only support f32, f16, and bf16
+    ggml_zdnn_mul_mat_f(ctx, src0, src1, dst);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_zdnn_compute_forward(
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    switch (dst->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                ggml_zdnn_compute_forward_mul_mat(ctx, dst);
+            } break;
+
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_zdnn_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * gf) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_context        * ctx     = (       ggml_backend_zdnn_context *)backend->context;
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context * ctx_dev = (ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context *)backend->device->context;
+
+    ctx->gf = gf;
+    for (int i = 0; i < gf->n_nodes; i++) {
+        ggml_tensor * node = gf->nodes[i];
+
+        if (ggml_is_empty(node)
+            || node->op == GGML_OP_NONE
+            || node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE
+            || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW
+            || node->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE
+            || node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        bool ok = ggml_zdnn_compute_forward(ctx, node);
+        if (!ok) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: unsupported op %s (%s)\n",
+                           __func__, node->name, ggml_op_name(node->op));
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ok);
+    }
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx_dev);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_zdnn_supports_op(const ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context * ctx_dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+            return true;
+
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                const ggml_tensor * weights = op->src[0];
+                const ggml_tensor * inputs  = op->src[1];
+
+                const int64_t ne10 = inputs->ne[0];
+                const int64_t ne0  = op->ne[0];
+                const int64_t ne1  = op->ne[1];
+
+                const int64_t max_batch = ctx_dev->max_size;
+
+                if (!ggml_is_matrix(weights) || !ggml_is_matrix(inputs) ||
+                    !ggml_is_contiguous(weights) || !ggml_is_contiguous(inputs) ||
+                    weights->view_src != nullptr || inputs->view_src != nullptr ||
+                    ne0 > max_batch || ne1 > max_batch || ne10 > max_batch) {
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+                switch (weights->type) {
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                        return true;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+            } break;
+
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//
+// globals
+//
+
+// initialised in ggml_backend_zdnn_reg
+static ggml_backend_reg    g_ggml_backend_zdnn_reg;
+static ggml_backend_device g_ggml_backend_zdnn_device;
+
+static ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context g_ggml_ctx_dev_main = {
+    /* .zdnn_device           = */ 0,
+    /* .zdnn_device_ref_count = */ 0,
+    /* .has_parmblkformat_0   = */ false,
+    /* .has_parmblkformat_1   = */ false,
+    /* .max_size              = */ 0,
+    /* .name                  = */ "",
+};
+
+static int ggml_backend_zdnn_device_acq(ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context * ctx) {
+    assert(ctx != NULL);
+
+    if (ctx->zdnn_device == 0) {
+        ctx->zdnn_device = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->zdnn_device >= 1) {
+        ctx->has_parmblkformat_0 = zdnn_is_nnpa_parmblk_fmt_installed(1, NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_0);
+        ctx->has_parmblkformat_1 = zdnn_is_nnpa_parmblk_fmt_installed(1, NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_1);
+        ctx->max_size = zdnn_get_nnpa_max_dim_idx_size();
+        strncpy(ctx->name, GGML_ZDNN_NAME, sizeof(ctx->name) - 1);
+    }
+
+    ctx->zdnn_device_ref_count++;
+    return ctx->zdnn_device;
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_device_rel(ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context * ctx) {
+    assert(ctx != NULL);
+    assert(ctx->zdnn_device_ref_count > 0);
+
+    ctx->zdnn_device_ref_count--;
+    if (ctx->zdnn_device_ref_count == 0) {
+        if (ctx->zdnn_device >= 0) {
+            ctx->zdnn_device = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ggml_zdnn_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: allocating\n", __func__);
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found 1 device\n", __func__);
+
+    #ifdef STATIC_LIB
+    zdnn_init();
+    #endif
+
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_zdnn_context();
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context * ctx_dev = (ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context *)dev->context;
+
+    int device = 1;
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: picking default device: %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->name);
+
+    ctx->device = device;
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: NNPA name: %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->name);
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_0 = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_parmblkformat_0 ? "true" : "false");
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_1 = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_parmblkformat_1 ? "true" : "false");
+
+    ctx->gf = nullptr;
+
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+static void ggml_zdnn_free(ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx) {
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: deallocating\n", __func__);
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+//
+// backend interface
+//
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
+
+    for (const auto & buf_ptr : ctx->buffers) {
+        ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * buf = buf_ptr.get();
+
+        // Free any extra buffer allocated for the tensor. E.g., bias for GGML_OP_MUL_MAT
+        if (buf->extra != nullptr) free(buf->extra->data);
+        if (buf->ztensor.buffer_size > 0) ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_free_ztensor_buffer(&buf->ztensor));
+    }
+
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
+    return ctx->all_data;
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    if (tensor->view_src != NULL) {
+        assert(tensor->view_src->buffer->buft == buffer->buft);
+        return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
+
+    const int64_t tsize = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+    int buffer_idx = ctx->n_buffers;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer> zdnn_buffer = std::make_unique<ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer>();
+    zdnn_buffer->data = tensor->data;
+    zdnn_buffer->size = tsize;
+    zdnn_buffer->extra = nullptr;
+    snprintf(zdnn_buffer->name, GGML_MAX_NAME, "%s", tensor->name);
+
+    ggml_zdnn_init_tensor(zdnn_buffer.get(), tensor);
+    tensor->extra = zdnn_buffer.get();
+
+    switch (tensor->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer> zdnn_bias_buffer = std::make_unique<ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer>();
+                zdnn_bias_buffer->data = (void *)calloc(tensor->ne[0], ggml_element_size(tensor));
+                zdnn_bias_buffer->size = ggml_element_size(tensor) * tensor->ne[0];
+                snprintf(zdnn_bias_buffer->name, GGML_MAX_NAME, "%.*s (bias)",
+                         GGML_MAX_NAME - (int)sizeof(" (bias)"), tensor->name);
+
+                const int64_t bias_dim[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { 1, 1, 1, tensor->ne[0] };
+                ggml_zdnn_create_tensor(zdnn_bias_buffer->pre_tfm_desc,
+                                        zdnn_bias_buffer->tfm_desc,
+                                        zdnn_bias_buffer->ztensor,
+                                        tensor, bias_dim, ZDNN_1D);
+
+                ggml_zdnn_load_tensor(zdnn_bias_buffer->ztensor, zdnn_bias_buffer->data);
+                zdnn_buffer->extra = zdnn_bias_buffer.get();
+
+                ctx->buffers.push_back(std::move(zdnn_bias_buffer));
+                ctx->n_buffers++;
+            } break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    ctx->buffers.push_back(std::move(zdnn_buffer));
+    ctx->n_buffers++;
+
+    // GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: initialised tensor '%s' in buffer %d, size = %8.2f MiB\n",
+    //               __func__, tensor->name, buffer_idx, tsize);
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer_idx);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    memset((char *)tensor->data + offset, value, size);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
+
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * extra = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer *)tensor->extra;
+
+    // Fixes the LLAMA_SET_ROWS bug
+    // see: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/15414
+    if (tensor->buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_COMPUTE && extra->ztensor.is_transformed) zdnn_reset_ztensor(&extra->ztensor);
+    if (extra->ztensor.is_transformed == false) ggml_zdnn_load_tensor(extra->ztensor, tensor->data);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
+
+    memset(ctx->all_data, value, ctx->all_size);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_i = {
+    /* .free_buffer   = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base      = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_init_tensor,
+    /* .memset_tensor = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_memset_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_get_tensor,
+    /* .cpy_tensor    = */ NULL,
+    /* .clear         = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_clear,
+    /* .reset         = */ NULL,
+};
+
+//
+// default buffer type
+//
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return GGML_ZDNN_NAME;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_context();
+
+    const size_t size_page = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+    size_t size_aligned = size;
+    if ((size_aligned % size_page) != 0) {
+        size_aligned += size_page - (size_aligned % size_page);
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context * ctx_dev = (ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context *)buft->device->context;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ctx_dev->zdnn_device >= 0);
+    int device = ctx_dev->zdnn_device; GGML_UNUSED(device);
+
+    ctx->all_data  = ggml_aligned_malloc(size_aligned);
+    ctx->all_size  = size_aligned;
+    ctx->owned     = true;
+    ctx->n_buffers = 1;
+
+    if (ctx->all_data != NULL) {
+        std::unique_ptr<ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer> zdnn_buffer = std::make_unique<ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer>();
+        zdnn_buffer->data = ctx->all_data;
+        zdnn_buffer->size = size_aligned;
+        ctx->buffers.push_back(std::move(zdnn_buffer));
+    }
+
+    if (size_aligned > 0 && (ctx->all_data == NULL)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f\n",
+                       __func__, size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+        delete ctx;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_i, ctx, size);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return 256;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    /* while it resides in host memory, additional transformation is needed */
+    return false;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+}
+
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type(void) {
+    static ggml_backend_buffer_type ggml_backend_buffer_type_zdnn = {
+        /* .iface   = */ {
+            /* .get_name       = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_get_name,
+            /* .alloc_buffer   = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_alloc_buffer,
+            /* .get_alignment  = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_get_alignment,
+            /* .get_max_size   = */ NULL,
+            /* .get_alloc_size = */ NULL,  // defaults to ggml_nbytes
+            /* .is_host        = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_is_host,
+        },
+        /* .device  = */ &g_ggml_backend_zdnn_device,
+        /* .context = */ NULL,
+    };
+
+    return &ggml_backend_buffer_type_zdnn;
+}
+
+//
+// backend
+//
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_zdnn_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return GGML_ZDNN_NAME;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zdnn_context *)backend->context;
+
+    ggml_zdnn_free(ctx);
+    free(backend);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_zdnn_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    return ggml_zdnn_graph_compute(backend, cgraph);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_zdnn_i = {
+    /* .get_name           = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_name,
+    /* .free               = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async   = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_tensor_async   = */ NULL,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async   = */ NULL,
+    /* .synchronize        = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_create  = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free    = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update  = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute      = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record       = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_wait         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize     = */ NULL,
+};
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_zdnn_guid(void) {
+    static const char * guid_str = "IBM-ZDNN-ACCELER";
+    return reinterpret_cast<ggml_guid_t>((void *)guid_str);
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_is_zdnn(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return backend != NULL &&
+           ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_zdnn_guid());
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+}
+
+//
+// backend device
+//
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return GGML_ZDNN_NAME;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return "IBM Z Neural Network Processing Assist (NNPA)";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    *free  = 0;
+    *total = 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_ACCEL;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name        = ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type        = ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_type(dev);
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+    props->caps = (ggml_backend_dev_caps) {
+        /* .async                = */ false,
+        /* .host_buffer          = */ false,
+        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ false,
+        /* .events               = */ false
+    };
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_zdnn_device_init(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx = ggml_zdnn_init(dev);
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate context\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_t backend = (ggml_backend *)malloc(sizeof(ggml_backend));
+    *backend = (ggml_backend) {
+        /* .guid       = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_guid(),
+        /* .iface      = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_i,
+        /* .device     = */ dev,
+        /* .context    = */ ctx
+    };
+
+    return backend;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type();
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_zdnn_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_tensor * op) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context * ctx_dev = (ggml_backend_zdnn_device_context *) dev->context;
+
+    return ggml_zdnn_supports_op(ctx_dev, op);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_zdnn_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return
+        buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer_type_get_name;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_zdnn_device_i = {
+    /* .get_name             = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description      = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory           = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type             = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props            = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend         = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_init,
+    /* .get_buffer_type      = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type = */ NULL,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ NULL,
+    /* .supports_op          = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft        = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_new            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_free           = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_synchronize    = */ NULL,
+};
+
+//
+// backend registry
+//
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return GGML_ZDNN_NAME;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    if (!zdnn_is_nnpa_installed()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_device_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(index == 0);
+
+    return &g_ggml_backend_zdnn_device;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+    GGML_UNUSED(index);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_feature g_ggml_backend_zdnn_features[] = {
+    { "NNPA", zdnn_is_nnpa_installed() ? "1" : "0" },
+    { "NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_0", zdnn_is_nnpa_parmblk_fmt_installed(1, NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_0) ? "1" : "0" },
+    { "NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_1", zdnn_is_nnpa_parmblk_fmt_installed(1, NNPA_PARMBLKFORMAT_1) ? "1" : "0" },
+    { NULL, NULL },
+};
+
+static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_zdnn_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return g_ggml_backend_zdnn_features;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_zdnn_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
+    if (strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_get_features") == 0) {
+        return (void *) ggml_backend_zdnn_get_features;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_i = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_device_count,
+    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_device_get,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_get_proc_address
+};
+
+static void ggml_zdnn_cleanup(void) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_device_rel(&g_ggml_ctx_dev_main);
+}
+
+// TODO: make thread-safe
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_zdnn_reg(void) {
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_device_acq(&g_ggml_ctx_dev_main);
+
+    // register cleanup callback
+    atexit(ggml_zdnn_cleanup);
+
+    {
+        g_ggml_backend_zdnn_reg = (ggml_backend_reg) {
+            /* .api_version = */ GGML_ZDNN_VERSION,
+            /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_reg_i,
+            /* .context     = */ NULL
+        };
+
+        g_ggml_backend_zdnn_device = (ggml_backend_device) {
+            /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_zdnn_device_i,
+            /* .reg         = */ &g_ggml_backend_zdnn_reg,
+            /* .context     = */ &g_ggml_ctx_dev_main
+        };
+
+        return &g_ggml_backend_zdnn_reg;
+    }
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_zdnn_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/mmf.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/mmf.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ac9cf3c931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/mmf.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "mmf.hpp"
+
+void ggml_zdnn_mul_mat_f(
+    const ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx,
+    const               ggml_tensor * src0,
+    const               ggml_tensor * src1,
+                        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const enum ggml_type type = src0->type;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == ne01);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne1 == ne11);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == ne12);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne3 == ne13);
+
+    // we don't support permuted src0 or src1
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ggml_type_size(type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == ggml_type_size(src1->type));
+
+    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * weights = src0;
+    const ggml_tensor * inputs  = src1;
+          ggml_tensor * output  = dst;
+
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * weights_extra = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer *)weights->extra;
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * inputs_extra  = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer *)inputs->extra;
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * output_extra  = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer *)output->extra;
+    ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * bias_extra    = (ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer *)output_extra->extra;
+
+    const int64_t weights_rows = ne01;
+    const int64_t weights_cols = ne00;
+    const int64_t inputs_rows  = ne11;
+    const int64_t inputs_cols  = ne10;
+
+    assert(inputs_cols == weights_cols);
+
+    const int64_t output_rows = ne1;
+    const int64_t output_cols = ne0;
+
+    // GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: tensor '%s' tensor dimensions: [%ld, %ld, %ld, %ld] pre_tfm_desc dimensions: [%ld, %ld, %ld, %ld]\n",
+    //               __func__, weights_extra->name,
+    //               weights->ne[3], weights->ne[2], weights->ne[1], weights->ne[0],
+    //               weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim1,
+    //               weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim2,
+    //               weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim3,
+    //               weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim4);
+
+    // GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: tensor '%s' tensor dimensions: [%ld, %ld, %ld, %ld] pre_tfm_desc dimensions: [%ld, %ld, %ld, %ld]\n",
+    //               __func__, inputs_extra->name,
+    //               inputs->ne[3], inputs->ne[2], inputs->ne[1], inputs->ne[0],
+    //               inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim1,
+    //               inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim2,
+    //               inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim3,
+    //               inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim4);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim1 == weights->ne[0] && "weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim1 must match weights->ne[0]");
+    GGML_ASSERT(weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim2 == weights->ne[1] && "weights_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim2 must match weights->ne[1]");
+    GGML_ASSERT(inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim1  == inputs->ne[0]  && "inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim1 must match inputs->ne[0]");
+    GGML_ASSERT(inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim2  == inputs->ne[1]  && "inputs_extra->pre_tfm_desc.dim2 must match inputs->ne[1]");
+
+    ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_matmul_transpose_op(&inputs_extra->ztensor, &weights_extra->ztensor, &bias_extra->ztensor,
+                                        false, true, MATMUL_OP_ADDITION, &output_extra->ztensor));
+    // TODO: Remove in the future as we are currently DLF16 -> FP32 then in the next op, FP32 -> DLF16 again. Inefficient.
+    ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_transform_origtensor(&output_extra->ztensor, output->data));
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+    GGML_UNUSED(weights_rows);
+    GGML_UNUSED(weights_cols);
+    GGML_UNUSED(inputs_rows);
+    GGML_UNUSED(inputs_cols);
+    GGML_UNUSED(output_rows);
+    GGML_UNUSED(output_cols);
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/mmf.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/mmf.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a12f1b8f8a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/mmf.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef GGML_ZDNN_MMF_HPP
+#define GGML_ZDNN_MMF_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_zdnn_mul_mat_f(
+    const ggml_backend_zdnn_context * ctx,
+    const               ggml_tensor * src0,
+    const               ggml_tensor * src1,
+                        ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+#endif  // GGML_ZDNN_MMF_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/utils.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2977cb0fe3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+zdnn_data_types ggml_zdnn_type_mapping(ggml_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            return FP32;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            return FP16;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            return BFLOAT;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            return INT8;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I8:
+            return INT8;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+            return INT32;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("%s: fatal: unable to determine zTensor data type",
+                       __func__);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_zdnn_create_tensor(zdnn_tensor_desc  & pre_tfm_desc,
+                             zdnn_tensor_desc  & tfm_desc,
+                             zdnn_ztensor      & ztensor,
+                       const ggml_tensor       * src,
+                       const int64_t           * ne,
+                       const zdnn_data_layouts   layout) {
+    zdnn_init_pre_transformed_desc(
+        layout,
+        ggml_zdnn_type_mapping(src->type),
+        &pre_tfm_desc,
+        ne[3], ne[2], ne[1], ne[0]
+    );
+
+    ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_generate_transformed_desc(&pre_tfm_desc, &tfm_desc));
+    ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_init_ztensor_with_malloc(&pre_tfm_desc, &tfm_desc, &ztensor));
+}
+
+void ggml_zdnn_load_tensor(zdnn_ztensor & ztensor, void * buffer) {
+    ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_transform_ztensor(&ztensor, buffer));
+}
+
+void ggml_zdnn_init_tensor(ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    switch (tensor->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+            {
+                zdnn_init_pre_transformed_desc(
+                    ZDNN_2D,
+                    ggml_zdnn_type_mapping(tensor->type),
+                    &buffer->pre_tfm_desc,
+                    tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[0]
+                );
+            } break;
+
+        default:
+            {
+                // For 4D tensors, GGML uses NCHW layout. However, because zDNN
+                // automatically transforms everything to NHWC, we will use it
+                // directly to avoid the performance penalty changing the
+                // layout and reshaping the tensor.
+                zdnn_init_pre_transformed_desc(
+                    ZDNN_NHWC,
+                    ggml_zdnn_type_mapping(tensor->type),
+                    &buffer->pre_tfm_desc,
+                    tensor->ne[3], tensor->ne[2], tensor->ne[1], tensor->ne[0]
+                );
+
+                // TODO: Consider adding a ggml check.
+                // TODO: If tensor = 4D, use ZDNN_NCHW by default.
+                // TODO: If tensor = 2D, use ZDNN_NHWC by default.
+            } break;
+    }
+
+    ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_generate_transformed_desc(&buffer->pre_tfm_desc, &buffer->tfm_desc));
+    ZDNN_CHECK(zdnn_init_ztensor_with_malloc(&buffer->pre_tfm_desc, &buffer->tfm_desc, &buffer->ztensor));
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/utils.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/utils.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c1e2028edbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/utils.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef GGML_ZDNN_UTILITIES_HPP
+#define GGML_ZDNN_UTILITIES_HPP
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+zdnn_data_types ggml_zdnn_type_mapping(ggml_type type);
+
+void ggml_zdnn_create_tensor(zdnn_tensor_desc & pre_tfm_desc,
+                             zdnn_tensor_desc & tfm_desc,
+                             zdnn_ztensor     & ztensor,
+                      const ggml_tensor       * src,
+                      const int64_t           * ne,
+                      const zdnn_data_layouts   layout);
+
+void ggml_zdnn_load_tensor(zdnn_ztensor & ztensor, void * buffer);
+
+void ggml_zdnn_init_tensor(ggml_backend_zdnn_buffer * buffer, const ggml_tensor * tensor);
+
+#endif  // GGML_ZDNN_UTILITIES_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zendnn/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-zendnn/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9bdb4e836d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zendnn/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+ggml_add_backend_library(ggml-zendnn
+                         ggml-zendnn.cpp)
+
+if (NOT DEFINED ZENDNN_ROOT OR ZENDNN_ROOT STREQUAL "")
+    set(ZENDNN_ROOT "$ENV{ZENDNN_ROOT}")
+endif()
+
+if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set(ZENDNN_SHARED_LIB ON)
+    set(ZENDNN_ARCHIVE_LIB OFF)
+else()
+    set(ZENDNN_SHARED_LIB OFF)
+    set(ZENDNN_ARCHIVE_LIB ON)
+endif()
+
+# Download and build ZenDNN if not provided
+if (NOT ZENDNN_ROOT OR ZENDNN_ROOT STREQUAL "" OR ZENDNN_ROOT STREQUAL "OFF")
+    message(STATUS "ZENDNN_ROOT not set. Automatically downloading and building ZenDNN...")
+    message(STATUS "This will take several minutes on first build...")
+
+    include(ExternalProject)
+
+    set(ZENDNN_PREFIX      ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/zendnn-prefix)
+    set(ZENDNN_SOURCE_DIR  ${ZENDNN_PREFIX}/src/zendnn)
+    set(ZENDNN_BUILD_DIR   ${ZENDNN_PREFIX}/build)
+    set(ZENDNN_INSTALL_DIR ${ZENDNN_BUILD_DIR}/install)
+
+    ExternalProject_Add(
+        zendnn
+        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/amd/ZenDNN.git
+        GIT_TAG a18adf8c605fb5f5e52cefd7eda08a7b18febbaf    # ZenDNN-2026-WW08
+        PREFIX      ${ZENDNN_PREFIX}
+        SOURCE_DIR  ${ZENDNN_SOURCE_DIR}
+        BINARY_DIR  ${ZENDNN_BUILD_DIR}
+        CMAKE_ARGS
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${ZENDNN_INSTALL_DIR}
+            -DZENDNNL_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF
+            -DZENDNNL_BUILD_DOXYGEN=OFF
+            -DZENDNNL_BUILD_GTEST=OFF
+            -DZENDNNL_BUILD_BENCHDNN=OFF
+            -DZENDNNL_DEPENDS_FBGEMM=OFF
+            -DZENDNNL_LIB_BUILD_ARCHIVE=${ZENDNN_ARCHIVE_LIB}
+            -DZENDNNL_LIB_BUILD_SHARED=${ZENDNN_SHARED_LIB}
+            -DZENDNNL_DEPENDS_AOCLDLP=ON
+            -DZENDNNL_DEPENDS_ONEDNN=ON
+            -DZENDNNL_DEPENDS_LIBXSMM=ON
+        BUILD_COMMAND   ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${ZENDNN_BUILD_DIR} --target zendnnl
+        INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${ZENDNN_BUILD_DIR} --target install
+        BUILD_ALWAYS OFF
+        LOG_DOWNLOAD ON
+        LOG_CONFIGURE ON
+        LOG_BUILD ON
+        LOG_INSTALL ON
+    )
+
+    add_dependencies(ggml-zendnn zendnn)
+    set(ZENDNN_ROOT ${ZENDNN_INSTALL_DIR})
+    message(STATUS "ZenDNN will be built to: ${ZENDNN_ROOT}")
+else()
+    message(STATUS "Using custom ZenDNN installation at: ${ZENDNN_ROOT}")
+endif()
+
+target_include_directories(ggml-zendnn PRIVATE
+    ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/zendnnl/include
+    ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/json/include
+    ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/aoclutils/include
+    ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/aocldlp/include
+    ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/onednn/include
+    ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/libxsmm/include)
+
+if (ZENDNN_SHARED_LIB)
+    target_link_directories(ggml-zendnn PRIVATE ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/zendnnl/lib)
+    target_link_libraries(ggml-zendnn PRIVATE zendnnl)
+elseif (ZENDNN_ARCHIVE_LIB)
+    target_link_libraries(ggml-zendnn PRIVATE
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/zendnnl/lib/libzendnnl_archive.a
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/aoclutils/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/libaoclutils.a
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/aoclutils/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/libau_cpuid.a
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/aocldlp/lib/libaocl-dlp.a
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/onednn/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/libdnnl.a
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/libxsmm/lib/libxsmm.a
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/libxsmm/lib/libxsmmext.a
+        ${ZENDNN_ROOT}/deps/libxsmm/lib/libxsmmnoblas.a)
+endif()
+
+target_link_libraries(ggml-zendnn PRIVATE m pthread)
+
+if (GGML_OPENMP)
+    target_link_libraries(ggml-zendnn PRIVATE OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
+endif()
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-zendnn/ggml-zendnn.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-zendnn/ggml-zendnn.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8760304008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-zendnn/ggml-zendnn.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+#include "ggml-zendnn.h"
+
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "zendnnl.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+
+struct ggml_backend_zendnn_context {
+    int n_threads = GGML_DEFAULT_N_THREADS;
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> work_data;
+    size_t work_size = 0;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+zendnnl::common::data_type_t ggml_to_zendnn_type() {
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+        return zendnnl::common::data_type_t::f32;
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, ggml_bf16_t>) {
+        return zendnnl::common::data_type_t::bf16;
+    } else {
+        return zendnnl::common::data_type_t::none;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * ZenDNN matmul: computes C = B * A.
+ *
+ * - A: weights, shape (k, m), column-major (each column is a weight vector for one output).
+ * - B: input, shape (n, k), row-major (each row is an input sample).
+ * - C: output, shape (n, m), row-major.
+ *
+ * Dimensions:
+ *   m = output features (columns of C, columns of A)
+ *   n = batch size      (rows of C, rows of B)
+ *   k = inner dimension (columns of B, rows of A)
+ */
+template <typename TA, typename TB, typename TC>
+static bool ggml_zendnn_matmul(ggml_backend_zendnn_context * ctx, int64_t m, int64_t n, int64_t k,
+                               const TA * A, int64_t lda, const TB * B, int64_t ldb, TC * C,
+                               int64_t ldc) {
+
+    zendnnl::lowoha::matmul::matmul_params params;
+    params.dtypes.src = ggml_to_zendnn_type<TB>();
+    params.dtypes.wei = ggml_to_zendnn_type<TA>();
+    params.dtypes.dst = ggml_to_zendnn_type<TC>();
+    params.num_threads = ctx->n_threads;
+
+    zendnnl::error_handling::status_t status = zendnnl::lowoha::matmul::matmul_direct(
+        'r', false, true,   // row-major, don't transpose B, transpose A (because it's column-major)
+        n,                  // M: rows of B and C
+        m,                  // N: cols of A^T and C
+        k,                  // K: cols of B, rows of A
+        1.0f,               // alpha
+        B, ldb,             // src: B[n,k]
+        A, lda,             // weight: A[k,m] column-major (transposed)
+        nullptr,            // bias
+        0.0f,               // beta
+        C, ldc,             // output C[n,m]
+        true,               // is_weights_const
+        {},                 // batch_params
+        params              // params
+    );
+
+    if (status != zendnnl::error_handling::status_t::success) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s, ZenDNN matmul failed: status=%d\n", __func__, static_cast<int>(status));
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_zendnn_sgemm(ggml_backend_zendnn_context * ctx, int64_t m, int64_t n, int64_t k,
+                              const void * A, int64_t lda, const void * B, int64_t ldb, void * C,
+                              int64_t ldc, int Atype, int Btype, int Ctype) {
+
+    assert(m >= 0);
+    assert(n >= 0);
+    assert(k >= 0);
+    assert(lda >= k);
+    assert(ldb >= k);
+    assert(ldc >= m);
+
+    // categorize types
+    switch (Atype) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            if (Btype != GGML_TYPE_F32 || Ctype != GGML_TYPE_F32)
+                return false;
+            return ggml_zendnn_matmul<float, float, float>(
+                ctx, m, n, k,
+                (const float *)A, lda,
+                (const float *)B, ldb,
+                (float *)C, ldc);
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            if (Btype != GGML_TYPE_BF16)
+                return false;
+            if (Ctype == GGML_TYPE_BF16)
+                return ggml_zendnn_matmul<ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t>(
+                    ctx, m, n, k,
+                    (const ggml_bf16_t *)A, lda,
+                    (const ggml_bf16_t *)B, ldb,
+                    (ggml_bf16_t *)C, ldc);
+            if (Ctype == GGML_TYPE_F32)
+                return ggml_zendnn_matmul<ggml_bf16_t, ggml_bf16_t, float>(
+                    ctx, m, n, k,
+                    (const ggml_bf16_t *)A, lda,
+                    (const ggml_bf16_t *)B, ldb,
+                    (float *)C, ldc);
+            return false;
+        default:
+            return false; // unsupported type
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_zendnn_compute_forward_mul_mat(
+    ggml_backend_zendnn_context * ctx,
+    ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  // weights
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  // inputs
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    ggml_type         const vec_dot_type = src0->type;
+    ggml_from_float_t const from_float = ggml_get_type_traits(vec_dot_type)->from_float_ref;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne0 == ne01);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne1 == ne11);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne2 == ne12);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne3 == ne13);
+
+    // we don't support permuted src0 or src1
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == ggml_type_size(src0->type));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == ggml_type_size(src1->type));
+
+    // dst cannot be transposed or permuted
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 == sizeof(float));
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb0 <= nb1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
+
+    // broadcast factors
+    const int64_t r2 = ne12/ne02;
+    const int64_t r3 = ne13/ne03;
+
+    void * work_data = ctx->work_data.get();
+    if (src1->type != vec_dot_type) {
+        const size_t nbw1 = ggml_row_size(vec_dot_type, ne10);
+        const size_t nbw2 = nbw1 * ne11;
+        const size_t nbw3 = nbw2 * ne12;
+        const size_t desired_wsize = ne13 * nbw3;
+        if (ctx->work_size < desired_wsize) {
+            ctx->work_data.reset(new char[desired_wsize]);
+            ctx->work_size = desired_wsize;
+        }
+        work_data = ctx->work_data.get();
+
+        // #pragma omp parallel for num_threads(ctx->n_threads)
+        #pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) num_threads(ctx->n_threads) schedule(static)
+        for (int64_t i13 = 0; i13 < ne13; ++i13) {
+            for (int64_t i12 = 0; i12 < ne12; ++i12) {
+                for (int64_t i11 = 0; i11 < ne11; ++i11) {
+                    const float * src1_f32 = (float *)((char *)src1->data + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13);
+                    void * src1_conv = (char *)work_data + i11*nbw1 + i12*nbw2 + i13*nbw3;
+                    from_float(src1_f32, src1_conv, ne10);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t i13 = 0; i13 < ne13; i13++) {
+        for (int64_t i12 = 0; i12 < ne12; i12++) {
+            const void* wdata = src1->type == vec_dot_type ? src1->data : work_data;
+            const size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(vec_dot_type, ne10);
+            if (!ggml_zendnn_sgemm(ctx,
+                                  ne01,     // m
+                                  ne11,     // n
+                                  ne10,     // k
+                                  static_cast<const char *>(src0->data) + (i12/r2)*nb02 + (i13/r3)*nb03,
+                                  ne00,     // lda
+                                  static_cast<const char *>(wdata) + (i12*ne11 + i13*ne12*ne11)*row_size,
+                                  ne10,     // ldb
+                                  static_cast<char *>(dst->data) + i12*nb2 + i13*nb3,
+                                  ne01,     // ldc
+                                  src0->type,
+                                  vec_dot_type,
+                                  dst->type))
+                GGML_ABORT("%s: ZenDNN sgemm failed\n", __func__);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// backend interface
+
+static const char * ggml_backend_zendnn_get_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return "ZenDNN";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zendnn_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    ggml_backend_zendnn_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zendnn_context *)backend->context;
+    delete ctx;
+    delete backend;
+}
+
+static ggml_status ggml_backend_zendnn_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    ggml_backend_zendnn_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zendnn_context *)backend->context;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
+        struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
+
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        switch (node->op) {
+            case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+                ggml_zendnn_compute_forward_mul_mat(ctx, node);
+                break;
+            case GGML_OP_NONE:
+            case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+            case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+            case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+            case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("%s: unsupported op %s\n", __func__, ggml_op_desc(node));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
+}
+
+static struct ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_zendnn_i = {
+    /* .get_name                = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_get_name,
+    /* .free                    = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_free,
+    /* .set_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .cpy_tensor_async        = */ NULL,
+    /* .synchronize             = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_create       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_free         = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_update       = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_plan_compute      = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_graph_compute,
+    /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .graph_optimize          = */ NULL,
+};
+
+static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_zendnn_guid(void) {
+    static const char * guid_str = "AMD-ZENDNN-ACCEL";
+    return reinterpret_cast<ggml_guid_t>(const_cast<char*>(guid_str));
+}
+
+ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_zendnn_init(void) {
+    ggml_backend_zendnn_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_zendnn_context;
+
+    ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {
+        /* .guid    = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_guid(),
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_i,
+        /* .device  = */ ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_zendnn_reg(), 0),
+        /* .context = */ ctx,
+    };
+
+    return backend;
+}
+
+bool ggml_backend_is_zendnn(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    return backend != NULL && ggml_guid_matches(backend->guid, ggml_backend_zendnn_guid());
+}
+
+void ggml_backend_zendnn_set_n_threads(ggml_backend_t backend_zendnn, int n_threads) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_zendnn(backend_zendnn));
+
+    ggml_backend_zendnn_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_zendnn_context *)backend_zendnn->context;
+    ctx->n_threads = n_threads;
+}
+
+// device interface
+static const char * ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_name(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return "ZenDNN";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+/**
+ * ZenDNN is AMD's performance library providing optimized primitives and implementations
+ * for deep learning workloads on AMD CPUs. It targets improved performance for common
+ * neural network operations on AMD architectures. For more information, see:
+ * https://www.amd.com/en/developer/zendnn.html
+ */
+static const char * ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return "ZenDNN: AMD optimized primitives backend for GGML (optimized for AMD CPUs)";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    *free  = 0;
+    *total = 0;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_ACCEL;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static void ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, struct ggml_backend_dev_props * props) {
+    props->name        = ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_name(dev);
+    props->description = ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_description(dev);
+    props->type        = ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_type(dev);
+    ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_memory(dev, &props->memory_free, &props->memory_total);
+    props->caps = {
+        /* .async                = */ false,
+        /* .host_buffer          = */ false,
+        /* .buffer_from_host_ptr = */ true,
+        /* .events               = */ false
+    };
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_zendnn_device_init_backend(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const char * params) {
+    ggml_backend_t backend = ggml_backend_zendnn_init();
+    if (backend == NULL) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize ZenDNN backend\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return backend;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(params);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
+    return ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_zendnn_device_buffer_from_host_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    return ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_from_ptr(ptr, size);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(max_tensor_size);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_zendnn_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    switch (op->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_NONE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+            return true;
+
+        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
+        {
+            const ggml_tensor * weights = op->src[0];
+            const ggml_tensor * inputs = op->src[1];
+
+            const int64_t ne10 = inputs->ne[0];
+            const int64_t ne0 = op->ne[0];
+            const int64_t ne1 = op->ne[1];
+
+            const int64_t min_batch = 1;
+            if (!ggml_is_contiguous(weights) || !ggml_is_contiguous(inputs) ||
+                ne0 < min_batch || ne1 < min_batch || ne10 < min_batch) {
+                    return false;
+            }
+            switch (weights->type) {
+                case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+                    return true;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        } break;
+
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static bool ggml_backend_zendnn_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    return ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft);
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
+}
+
+static const struct ggml_backend_device_i ggml_backend_zendnn_device_i = {
+    /* .get_name               = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_name,
+    /* .get_description        = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_description,
+    /* .get_memory             = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_memory,
+    /* .get_type               = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_type,
+    /* .get_props              = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_props,
+    /* .init_backend           = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_init_backend,
+    /* .get_buffer_type        = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_get_buffer_type,
+    /* .get_host_buffer_type   = */ NULL,
+    /* .buffer_from_host_ptr   = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_buffer_from_host_ptr,
+    /* .supports_op            = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_supports_op,
+    /* .supports_buft          = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_supports_buft,
+    /* .offload_op             = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_new              = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_free             = */ NULL,
+    /* .event_synchronize      = */ NULL,
+};
+
+// backend reg interface
+static const char * ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_get_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return "ZenDNN";
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_get_device_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    return 1;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+}
+
+static ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_get_device(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(index == 0);
+
+    static ggml_backend_device ggml_backend_zendnn_device = {
+        /* .iface   = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_device_i,
+        /* .reg     = */ reg,
+        /* .context = */ nullptr,
+    };
+
+    return &ggml_backend_zendnn_device;
+}
+
+static void * ggml_backend_zendnn_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
+    if (std::strcmp(name, "ggml_backend_set_n_threads") == 0) {
+        return (void *) ggml_backend_zendnn_set_n_threads;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(reg);
+    GGML_UNUSED(name);
+}
+
+static const struct ggml_backend_reg_i ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_i = {
+    /* .get_name         = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_get_name,
+    /* .get_device_count = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_get_device_count,
+    /* .get_device       = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_get_device,
+    /* .get_proc_address = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_get_proc_address,
+};
+
+ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_zendnn_reg(void) {
+    static struct ggml_backend_reg ggml_backend_zendnn_reg = {
+        /* .api_version = */ GGML_BACKEND_API_VERSION,
+        /* .iface       = */ ggml_backend_zendnn_reg_i,
+        /* .context     = */ NULL,
+    };
+
+    return &ggml_backend_zendnn_reg;
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_IMPL(ggml_backend_zendnn_reg)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml.c b/ggml/src/ggml.c
index f8e7c595bce..4c0764a0ac5 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml.c
@@ -53,16 +53,15 @@
 
 #define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
 
+// Needed for ggml_fp32_to_bf16_row()
+#if defined(__AVX512BF16__)
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#define m512bh(p) p
 #define m512i(p) p
 #else
-#define m512bh(p) (__m512bh)(p)
+#include <immintrin.h>
 #define m512i(p) (__m512i)(p)
-#endif
-
-// precomputed f32 table for f16 (256 KB) (ggml-impl.h)
-float ggml_table_f32_f16[1 << 16];
+#endif // defined(_MSC_VER)
+#endif // defined(__AVX512BF16__)
 
 #if defined(__linux__) || \
     defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || \
@@ -127,6 +126,13 @@ static void ggml_print_backtrace_symbols(void) {
     int nptrs = backtrace(trace, sizeof(trace)/sizeof(trace[0]));
     backtrace_symbols_fd(trace, nptrs, STDERR_FILENO);
 }
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <execinfo.h>
+static void ggml_print_backtrace_symbols(void) {
+    void * trace[100];
+    int nptrs = backtrace(trace, sizeof(trace)/sizeof(trace[0]));
+    backtrace_symbols_fd(trace, nptrs, STDERR_FILENO);
+}
 #else
 static void ggml_print_backtrace_symbols(void) {
     // platform not supported
@@ -138,6 +144,20 @@ void ggml_print_backtrace(void) {
     if (GGML_NO_BACKTRACE) {
         return;
     }
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+    // On macOS, fork+debugger attachment is problematic due to:
+    // 1. libdispatch "poisons" forked child processes
+    // 2. lldb has issues attaching to parent from forked child
+    // Use simple backtrace() instead to avoid Terminal.app crashes
+    const char * GGML_BACKTRACE_LLDB = getenv("GGML_BACKTRACE_LLDB");
+    if (!GGML_BACKTRACE_LLDB) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: Using native backtrace. Set GGML_BACKTRACE_LLDB for more info.\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: GGML_BACKTRACE_LLDB may cause native MacOS Terminal.app to crash.\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "See: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17869\n");
+        ggml_print_backtrace_symbols();
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
 #if defined(__linux__)
     FILE * f = fopen("/proc/self/status", "r");
     size_t size = 0;
@@ -205,19 +225,34 @@ void ggml_print_backtrace(void) {
 }
 #endif
 
+static ggml_abort_callback_t g_abort_callback = NULL;
+
+// Set the abort callback (passing null will restore original abort functionality: printing a message to stdout)
+GGML_API ggml_abort_callback_t ggml_set_abort_callback(ggml_abort_callback_t callback) {
+    ggml_abort_callback_t ret_val = g_abort_callback;
+    g_abort_callback = callback;
+    return ret_val;
+}
+
 void ggml_abort(const char * file, int line, const char * fmt, ...) {
     fflush(stdout);
 
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: ", file, line);
+    char message[2048];
+    int offset = snprintf(message, sizeof(message), "%s:%d: ", file, line);
 
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, fmt);
-    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
+    vsnprintf(message + offset, sizeof(message) - offset, fmt, args);
     va_end(args);
 
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    if (g_abort_callback) {
+        g_abort_callback(message);
+    } else {
+        // default: print error and backtrace to stderr
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message);
+        ggml_print_backtrace();
+    }
 
-    ggml_print_backtrace();
     abort();
 }
 
@@ -461,6 +496,14 @@ bool ggml_guid_matches(ggml_guid_t guid_a, ggml_guid_t guid_b) {
     return memcmp(guid_a, guid_b, sizeof(ggml_guid)) == 0;
 }
 
+const char * ggml_version(void) {
+    return GGML_VERSION;
+}
+
+const char * ggml_commit(void) {
+    return GGML_COMMIT;
+}
+
 //
 // timing
 //
@@ -562,9 +605,6 @@ FILE * ggml_fopen(const char * fname, const char * mode) {
 #endif
 
 }
-static void ggml_vec_dot_f32(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, size_t bx, const float * GGML_RESTRICT y, size_t by, int nrc);
-static void ggml_vec_dot_f16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT x, size_t bx, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y, size_t by, int nrc);
-static void ggml_vec_dot_bf16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_bf16_t * GGML_RESTRICT x, size_t bx, ggml_bf16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y, size_t by, int nrc);
 
 static const struct ggml_type_traits type_traits[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_I8] = {
@@ -670,6 +710,22 @@ static const struct ggml_type_traits type_traits[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
         .is_quantized             = true,
         .from_float_ref           = (ggml_from_float_t) quantize_row_q8_1_ref,
     },
+    [GGML_TYPE_MXFP4] = {
+        .type_name                = "mxfp4",
+        .blck_size                = QK_MXFP4,
+        .type_size                = sizeof(block_mxfp4),
+        .is_quantized             = true,
+        .to_float                 = (ggml_to_float_t) dequantize_row_mxfp4,
+        .from_float_ref           = (ggml_from_float_t)quantize_row_mxfp4_ref,
+    },
+    [GGML_TYPE_NVFP4] = {
+        .type_name                = "nvfp4",
+        .blck_size                = QK_NVFP4,
+        .type_size                = sizeof(block_nvfp4),
+        .is_quantized             = true,
+        .to_float                 = (ggml_to_float_t) dequantize_row_nvfp4,
+        .from_float_ref           = (ggml_from_float_t)quantize_row_nvfp4_ref,
+    },
     [GGML_TYPE_Q2_K] = {
         .type_name                = "q2_K",
         .blck_size                = QK_K,
@@ -851,7 +907,8 @@ static const struct ggml_type_traits type_traits[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
 };
 
 const struct ggml_type_traits * ggml_get_type_traits(enum ggml_type type) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
+    assert(type >= 0);
+    assert(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
     return &type_traits[type];
 }
 
@@ -897,6 +954,7 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_NAME[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
 
     "DUP",
     "ADD",
+    "ADD_ID",
     "ADD1",
     "ACC",
     "SUB",
@@ -909,6 +967,7 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_NAME[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "COS",
     "SUM",
     "SUM_ROWS",
+    "CUMSUM",
     "MEAN",
     "ARGMAX",
     "COUNT_EQUAL",
@@ -936,6 +995,7 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_NAME[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "TRANSPOSE",
     "GET_ROWS",
     "GET_ROWS_BACK",
+    "SET_ROWS",
     "DIAG",
     "DIAG_MASK_INF",
     "DIAG_MASK_ZERO",
@@ -947,6 +1007,9 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_NAME[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D",
     "IM2COL",
     "IM2COL_BACK",
+    "IM2COL_3D",
+    "CONV_2D",
+    "CONV_3D",
     "CONV_2D_DW",
     "CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D",
     "POOL_1D",
@@ -959,7 +1022,10 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_NAME[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "ARANGE",
     "TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING",
     "ARGSORT",
+    "TOP_K",
     "LEAKY_RELU",
+    "TRI",
+    "FILL",
 
     "FLASH_ATTN_EXT",
     "FLASH_ATTN_BACK",
@@ -972,6 +1038,8 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_NAME[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "RWKV_WKV6",
     "GATED_LINEAR_ATTN",
     "RWKV_WKV7",
+    "SOLVE_TRI",
+    "GATED_DELTA_NET",
 
     "UNARY",
 
@@ -984,15 +1052,19 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_NAME[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS",
     "CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK",
     "OPT_STEP_ADAMW",
+    "OPT_STEP_SGD",
+
+    "GLU",
 };
 
-static_assert(GGML_OP_COUNT == 83, "GGML_OP_COUNT != 83");
+static_assert(GGML_OP_COUNT == 96, "GGML_OP_COUNT != 96");
 
 static const char * GGML_OP_SYMBOL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "none",
 
     "x",
     "x+y",
+    "x[i]+y",
     "x+y",
     "view(x,nb,offset)+=y->x",
     "x-y",
@@ -1005,6 +1077,7 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_SYMBOL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "cos(x)",
     "Σx",
     "Σx_k",
+    "cumsum(x)",
     "Σx/n",
     "argmax(x)",
     "count_equal(x)",
@@ -1032,6 +1105,7 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_SYMBOL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "transpose(x)",
     "get_rows(x)",
     "get_rows_back(x)",
+    "set_rows(x)",
     "diag(x)",
     "diag_mask_inf(x)",
     "diag_mask_zero(x)",
@@ -1043,6 +1117,9 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_SYMBOL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "conv_transpose_1d(x)",
     "im2col(x)",
     "im2col_back(x)",
+    "im2col_3d(x)",
+    "conv_2d(x)",
+    "conv_3d(x)",
     "conv_2d_dw(x)",
     "conv_transpose_2d(x)",
     "pool_1d(x)",
@@ -1055,7 +1132,10 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_SYMBOL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "arange(start, stop, step)",
     "timestep_embedding(timesteps, dim, max_period)",
     "argsort(x)",
+    "top_k(x)",
     "leaky_relu(x)",
+    "tri(x)",
+    "fill(x, c)",
 
     "flash_attn_ext(x)",
     "flash_attn_back(x)",
@@ -1068,6 +1148,8 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_SYMBOL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "rwkv_wkv6(k, v, r, tf, td, s)",
     "gated_linear_attn(k, v, q, gate, s)",
     "rwkv_wkv7(r, w, k, v, a, b, s)",
+    "A X = B, A triangular, solve X",
+    "gated_delta_net(q, k, v, g, beta, s)",
 
     "unary(x)",
 
@@ -1080,13 +1162,15 @@ static const char * GGML_OP_SYMBOL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "cross_entropy_loss(x,y)",
     "cross_entropy_loss_back(x,y)",
     "adamw(x)",
+    "sgd(x)",
+
+    "glu(x)",
 };
 
-static_assert(GGML_OP_COUNT == 83, "GGML_OP_COUNT != 83");
+static_assert(GGML_OP_COUNT == 96, "GGML_OP_COUNT != 96");
 
 static_assert(GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT == 2, "GGML_OP_POOL_COUNT != 2");
 
-
 static const char * GGML_UNARY_OP_NAME[GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT] = {
     "ABS",
     "SGN",
@@ -1102,10 +1186,28 @@ static const char * GGML_UNARY_OP_NAME[GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT] = {
     "HARDSWISH",
     "HARDSIGMOID",
     "EXP",
+    "EXPM1",
+    "SOFTPLUS",
     "GELU_ERF",
+    "XIELU",
+    "FLOOR",
+    "CEIL",
+    "ROUND",
+    "TRUNC",
+};
+
+static_assert(GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT == 22, "GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT != 22");
+
+static const char * GGML_GLU_OP_NAME[GGML_GLU_OP_COUNT] = {
+    "REGLU",
+    "GEGLU",
+    "SWIGLU",
+    "SWIGLU_OAI",
+    "GEGLU_ERF",
+    "GEGLU_QUICK",
 };
 
-static_assert(GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT == 15, "GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT != 15");
+static_assert(GGML_GLU_OP_COUNT == 6, "GGML_GLU_OP_COUNT != 6");
 
 
 static_assert(sizeof(struct ggml_object)%GGML_MEM_ALIGN == 0, "ggml_object size must be a multiple of GGML_MEM_ALIGN");
@@ -1174,27 +1276,39 @@ size_t ggml_nbytes_pad(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
 }
 
 int64_t ggml_blck_size(enum ggml_type type) {
+    assert(type >= 0);
+    assert(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
     return type_traits[type].blck_size;
 }
 
 size_t ggml_type_size(enum ggml_type type) {
+    assert(type >= 0);
+    assert(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
     return type_traits[type].type_size;
 }
 
 size_t ggml_row_size(enum ggml_type type, int64_t ne) {
+    assert(type >= 0);
+    assert(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
     assert(ne % ggml_blck_size(type) == 0);
     return ggml_type_size(type)*ne/ggml_blck_size(type);
 }
 
 double ggml_type_sizef(enum ggml_type type) {
+    assert(type >= 0);
+    assert(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
     return ((double)(type_traits[type].type_size))/type_traits[type].blck_size;
 }
 
 const char * ggml_type_name(enum ggml_type type) {
-    return type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT ? type_traits[type].type_name : "NONE";
+    assert(type >= 0);
+    assert(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
+    return type_traits[type].type_name;
 }
 
 bool ggml_is_quantized(enum ggml_type type) {
+    assert(type >= 0);
+    assert(type < GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
     return type_traits[type].is_quantized;
 }
 
@@ -1210,11 +1324,19 @@ const char * ggml_unary_op_name(enum ggml_unary_op op) {
     return GGML_UNARY_OP_NAME[op];
 }
 
+const char * ggml_glu_op_name(enum ggml_glu_op op) {
+    return GGML_GLU_OP_NAME[op];
+}
+
 const char * ggml_op_desc(const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
     if (t->op == GGML_OP_UNARY) {
         enum ggml_unary_op uop = ggml_get_unary_op(t);
         return ggml_unary_op_name(uop);
     }
+    if (t->op == GGML_OP_GLU) {
+        enum ggml_glu_op gop = ggml_get_glu_op(t);
+        return ggml_glu_op_name(gop);
+    }
     return ggml_op_name(t->op);
 }
 
@@ -1265,6 +1387,8 @@ enum ggml_type ggml_ftype_to_ggml_type(enum ggml_ftype ftype) {
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0:          wtype = GGML_TYPE_Q5_0;  break;
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1:          wtype = GGML_TYPE_Q5_1;  break;
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0:          wtype = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;  break;
+        case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_MXFP4:         wtype = GGML_TYPE_MXFP4; break;
+        case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_NVFP4:         wtype = GGML_TYPE_NVFP4; break;
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:          wtype = GGML_TYPE_Q2_K;  break;
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K:          wtype = GGML_TYPE_Q3_K;  break;
         case GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K:          wtype = GGML_TYPE_Q4_K;  break;
@@ -1303,16 +1427,14 @@ static bool ggml_is_contiguous_n(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int n) {
     }
     next_nb *= tensor->ne[0]/ggml_blck_size(tensor->type);
     for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        if (tensor->ne[i] != 1) {
-            if (i > n) {
-                if (tensor->nb[i] != next_nb) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                next_nb *= tensor->ne[i];
-            } else {
-                // this dimension does not need to be contiguous
-                next_nb = tensor->ne[i]*tensor->nb[i];
+        if (i > n) {
+            if (tensor->ne[i] != 1 && tensor->nb[i] != next_nb) {
+                return false;
             }
+            next_nb *= tensor->ne[i];
+        } else {
+            // this dimension does not need to be contiguous
+            next_nb = tensor->ne[i]*tensor->nb[i];
         }
     }
     return true;
@@ -1351,6 +1473,12 @@ bool ggml_is_contiguous_channels(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
         tensor->nb[2] == ggml_type_size(tensor->type);
 }
 
+bool ggml_is_contiguous_rows(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return
+        tensor->ne[0] == ggml_blck_size(tensor->type) ||
+        tensor->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(tensor->type);
+}
+
 static inline bool ggml_is_padded_1d(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     static_assert(GGML_MAX_DIMS == 4, "GGML_MAX_DIMS is not 4 - update this function");
 
@@ -1390,6 +1518,10 @@ bool ggml_are_same_stride(const struct ggml_tensor * t0, const struct ggml_tenso
         (t0->nb[3] == t1->nb[3]);
 }
 
+bool ggml_is_view(const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    return ggml_impl_is_view(t);
+}
+
 // check if t1 can be represented as a repetition of t0
 bool ggml_can_repeat(const struct ggml_tensor * t0, const struct ggml_tensor * t1) {
     static_assert(GGML_MAX_DIMS == 4, "GGML_MAX_DIMS is not 4 - update this function");
@@ -1422,14 +1554,6 @@ struct ggml_context * ggml_init(struct ggml_init_params params) {
         // initialize time system (required on Windows)
         ggml_time_init();
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < (1 << 16); ++i) {
-            union {
-                uint16_t u16;
-                ggml_fp16_t fp16;
-            } u = {i};
-            ggml_table_f32_f16[i] = GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(u.fp16);
-        }
-
         is_first_call = false;
     }
 
@@ -1527,11 +1651,23 @@ static struct ggml_object * ggml_new_object(struct ggml_context * ctx, enum ggml
     const size_t cur_end  = cur_offs + cur_size;
 
     // align to GGML_MEM_ALIGN
+    GGML_ASSERT(size <= SIZE_MAX - (GGML_MEM_ALIGN - 1));
     size_t size_needed = GGML_PAD(size, GGML_MEM_ALIGN);
 
     char * const mem_buffer = ctx->mem_buffer;
     struct ggml_object * const obj_new = (struct ggml_object *)(mem_buffer + cur_end);
 
+    // integer overflow checks
+    if (cur_end > SIZE_MAX - size_needed) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: overflow detected in cur_end (%zu) + size_needed (%zu)\n", __func__, cur_end, size_needed);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (cur_end + size_needed > SIZE_MAX - GGML_OBJECT_SIZE) {
+        GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: overflow detected in cur_end (%zu) + size_needed (%zu) + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE (%zu)\n", __func__,
+                cur_end, size_needed, (size_t) GGML_OBJECT_SIZE);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     if (cur_end + size_needed + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE > ctx->mem_size) {
         GGML_LOG_WARN("%s: not enough space in the context's memory pool (needed %zu, available %zu)\n",
                 __func__, cur_end + size_needed + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE, ctx->mem_size);
@@ -1600,6 +1736,8 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_impl(
         obj_alloc_size = data_size;
     }
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(GGML_TENSOR_SIZE <= SIZE_MAX - obj_alloc_size);
+
     struct ggml_object * const obj_new = ggml_new_object(ctx, GGML_OBJECT_TYPE_TENSOR, GGML_TENSOR_SIZE + obj_alloc_size);
     GGML_ASSERT(obj_new);
 
@@ -1733,6 +1871,11 @@ enum ggml_unary_op ggml_get_unary_op(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     return (enum ggml_unary_op) ggml_get_op_params_i32(tensor, 0);
 }
 
+enum ggml_glu_op ggml_get_glu_op(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor->op == GGML_OP_GLU);
+    return (enum ggml_glu_op) ggml_get_op_params_i32(tensor, 0);
+}
+
 const char * ggml_get_name(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     return tensor->name;
 }
@@ -1912,6 +2055,27 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add_cast(
     return ggml_add_cast_impl(ctx, a, b, type);
 }
 
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add_id(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * ids) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[0] == b->ne[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[1] == ids->ne[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] == ids->ne[1]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_ADD_ID;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+    result->src[1] = b;
+    result->src[2] = ids;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_add1
 
 static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add1_impl(
@@ -2169,6 +2333,30 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_log_inplace(
     return ggml_log_impl(ctx, a, true);
 }
 
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_expm1(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_expm1_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_softplus(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_softplus_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS);
+}
+
 // ggml_sin
 
 static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sin_impl(
@@ -2252,6 +2440,21 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sum_rows(
     return result;
 }
 
+// ggml_cumsum
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cumsum(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_CUMSUM;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_mean
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mean(
@@ -2567,6 +2770,29 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_silu_inplace(
     return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU);
 }
 
+// ggml_xielu
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_xielu(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        float alpha_n,
+        float alpha_p,
+        float beta,
+        float eps) {
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, (int32_t) GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU);
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 1, beta + ggml_compute_softplus_f32(alpha_n));
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 2, ggml_compute_softplus_f32(alpha_p));
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 3, beta);
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 4, eps);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_UNARY;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_silu_back
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_silu_back(
@@ -2612,6 +2838,225 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_exp_inplace(
     return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP);
 }
 
+// ggml_glu
+
+static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_glu_impl(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        enum ggml_glu_op      op,
+        bool                  swapped) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(a));
+
+    if (b) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(b));
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(a, b));
+        GGML_ASSERT(a->type == b->type);
+    }
+
+    int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { a->ne[0] / 2 }; for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) ne[i] = a->ne[i];
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_impl(ctx, a->type, GGML_MAX_DIMS, b ? a->ne : ne, NULL, 0);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, (int32_t) op);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 1, (int32_t) swapped);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_GLU;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+    result->src[1] = b;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// ggml_floor
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_floor(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_floor_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR);
+}
+
+// ggml_ceil
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_ceil(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_ceil_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL);
+}
+
+//ggml_round
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_round(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_round_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND);
+}
+
+//ggml_trunc
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_trunc(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_trunc_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_unary_inplace(ctx, a, GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_glu(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        enum ggml_glu_op      op,
+        bool                  swapped) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, op, swapped);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_glu_split(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        enum ggml_glu_op      op) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, b, op, false);
+}
+
+// ggml_reglu
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_reglu(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_reglu_swapped(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU, true);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_reglu_split(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, b, GGML_GLU_OP_REGLU, false);
+}
+
+// ggml_geglu
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_swapped(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU, true);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_split(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, b, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU, false);
+}
+
+// ggml_swiglu
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu_swapped(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU, true);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu_split(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, b, GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU, false);
+}
+
+// ggml_geglu_erf
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_erf(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_erf_swapped(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF, true);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_erf_split(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, b, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_ERF, false);
+}
+
+// ggml_geglu_quick
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_quick(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_quick_swapped(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, NULL, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK, true);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_geglu_quick_split(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b) {
+    return ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, b, GGML_GLU_OP_GEGLU_QUICK, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_swiglu_oai(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        float                 alpha,
+        float                 limit) {
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_glu_impl(ctx, a, b, GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU_OAI, false);
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 2, alpha);
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 3, limit);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_norm
 
 static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_norm_impl(
@@ -2869,12 +3314,14 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_scale_impl(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
         float                 s,
+        float                 b,
         bool                  inplace) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_padded_1d(a));
 
     struct ggml_tensor * result = inplace ? ggml_view_tensor(ctx, a) : ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
 
-    ggml_set_op_params(result, &s, sizeof(s));
+    float params[2] = { s, b };
+    ggml_set_op_params(result, &params, sizeof(params));
 
     result->op     = GGML_OP_SCALE;
     result->src[0] = a;
@@ -2886,14 +3333,30 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_scale(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
         float                 s) {
-    return ggml_scale_impl(ctx, a, s, false);
+    return ggml_scale_impl(ctx, a, s, 0.0, false);
 }
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_scale_inplace(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
         float                 s) {
-    return ggml_scale_impl(ctx, a, s, true);
+    return ggml_scale_impl(ctx, a, s, 0.0, true);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_scale_bias(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        float                 s,
+        float                 b) {
+    return ggml_scale_impl(ctx, a, s, b, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_scale_bias_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        float                 s,
+        float                 b) {
+    return ggml_scale_impl(ctx, a, s, b, true);
 }
 
 // ggml_set
@@ -3018,7 +3481,8 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cast(
 
     result->op     = GGML_OP_CPY;
     result->src[0] = a;
-    result->src[1] = result;
+    result->src[1] = result; // note: this self-reference might seem redundant, but it's actually needed by some
+                             //       backends for consistency with ggml_cpy_impl() above
 
     return result;
 }
@@ -3357,6 +3821,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_rows(
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
         struct ggml_tensor  * b) {
     GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] == b->ne[1]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[3] == b->ne[2]);
     GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[3] == 1);
     GGML_ASSERT(b->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
 
@@ -3395,6 +3860,36 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_rows_back(
     return result;
 }
 
+// ggml_set_rows
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_set_rows(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * c) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[0] == b->ne[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] == b->ne[2]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[3] == b->ne[3]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[1] == c->ne[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[2] % c->ne[1] == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[3] % c->ne[2] == 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(c->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(c->type == GGML_TYPE_I64 || c->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(a));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(b));
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_view_tensor(ctx, a);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_SET_ROWS;
+    result->src[0] = b;
+    result->src[1] = c;
+    result->src[2] = a; // note: order is weird due to legacy reasons (https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/16063#discussion_r2385795931)
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_diag
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_diag(
@@ -3489,9 +3984,10 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_soft_max_impl(
     if (mask) {
         GGML_ASSERT(mask->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || mask->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(mask));
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_matrix(mask));
         GGML_ASSERT(mask->ne[0] == a->ne[0]);
         GGML_ASSERT(mask->ne[1] >= a->ne[1]);
+        GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2]%mask->ne[2] == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[3]%mask->ne[3] == 0);
     }
 
     if (max_bias > 0.0f) {
@@ -3531,6 +4027,31 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_soft_max_ext(
     return ggml_soft_max_impl(ctx, a, mask, scale, max_bias, false);
 }
 
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_soft_max_ext_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * mask,
+        float                 scale,
+        float                 max_bias) {
+    return ggml_soft_max_impl(ctx, a, mask, scale, max_bias, true);
+}
+
+void ggml_soft_max_add_sinks(
+        struct ggml_tensor * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor * sinks) {
+    if (!sinks) {
+        a->src[2] = NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->src[2] == NULL);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->src[0]->ne[2] == sinks->ne[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(sinks->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    a->src[2] = sinks;
+}
+
 // ggml_soft_max_ext_back
 
 static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_soft_max_ext_back_impl(
@@ -3578,6 +4099,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_impl(
         struct ggml_tensor  * b,
         struct ggml_tensor  * c,
         int                   n_dims,
+        int                   sections[GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS],
         int                   mode,
         int                   n_ctx_orig,
         float                 freq_base,
@@ -3591,15 +4113,19 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_impl(
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_vector(b));
     GGML_ASSERT(b->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] == b->ne[0]);
+
+    bool mrope_used = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE;
+    if (mrope_used) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] * 4 == b->ne[0]); // mrope expecting 4 position ids per token
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] == b->ne[0]);
+    }
 
     if (c) {
         GGML_ASSERT(c->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
         GGML_ASSERT(c->ne[0] >= n_dims / 2);
     }
 
-    int sections[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-
     struct ggml_tensor * result = inplace ? ggml_view_tensor(ctx, a) : ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
 
     int32_t params[15] = { /*n_past*/ 0, n_dims, mode, /*n_ctx*/ 0, n_ctx_orig };
@@ -3609,7 +4135,11 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_impl(
     memcpy(params +  8, &attn_factor,  sizeof(float));
     memcpy(params +  9, &beta_fast,    sizeof(float));
     memcpy(params + 10, &beta_slow,    sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(params + 11, &sections,     sizeof(int)*4);
+    if (mrope_used && sections) {
+        memcpy(params + 11, sections,  sizeof(int32_t) * GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS);
+    } else {
+        memset(params + 11, 0,         sizeof(int32_t) * GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS);
+    }
     ggml_set_op_params(result, params, sizeof(params));
 
     result->op     = GGML_OP_ROPE;
@@ -3627,7 +4157,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope(
         int                   n_dims,
         int                   mode) {
     return ggml_rope_impl(
-        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, mode, 0, 10000.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, false
+        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, NULL, mode, 0, 10000.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, false
     );
 }
 
@@ -3637,7 +4167,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_multi(
         struct ggml_tensor  * b,
         struct ggml_tensor  * c,
         int                   n_dims,
-        int                   sections[4],
+        int                   sections[GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS],
         int                   mode,
         int                   n_ctx_orig,
         float                 freq_base,
@@ -3646,36 +4176,31 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_multi(
         float                 attn_factor,
         float                 beta_fast,
         float                 beta_slow) {
-    // Multimodal Rotary Position Embedding
-    GGML_ASSERT((mode & 1) == 0 && "mode & 1 == 1 is no longer supported");
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_vector(b));
-    GGML_ASSERT(b->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] * 4 == b->ne[0]); // mrope expecting 4 position ids per token
-
-    if (c) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(c->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-        GGML_ASSERT(c->ne[0] >= n_dims / 2);
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
-
-    int32_t params[11 + 4] = { /*n_past*/ 0, n_dims, mode, /*n_ctx*/ 0, n_ctx_orig };
-    memcpy(params +  5, &freq_base,    sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(params +  6, &freq_scale,   sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(params +  7, &ext_factor,   sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(params +  8, &attn_factor,  sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(params +  9, &beta_fast,    sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(params + 10, &beta_slow,    sizeof(float));
-    memcpy(&params[11], sections,      sizeof(int)*4);
-    ggml_set_op_params(result, params, sizeof(params));
-
-    result->op   = GGML_OP_ROPE;
-    result->src[0] = a;
-    result->src[1] = b;
-    result->src[2] = c;
+    return ggml_rope_impl(
+        ctx, a, b, c, n_dims, sections, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow, false
+    );
+}
 
-    return result;
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_multi_inplace(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * c,
+        int                   n_dims,
+        int                   sections[GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS],
+        int                   mode,
+        int                   n_ctx_orig,
+        float                 freq_base,
+        float                 freq_scale,
+        float                 ext_factor,
+        float                 attn_factor,
+        float                 beta_fast,
+        float                 beta_slow) {
+    return ggml_rope_impl(
+        ctx, a, b, c, n_dims, sections, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+        ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow, true
+    );
 }
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_inplace(
@@ -3685,7 +4210,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_inplace(
         int                   n_dims,
         int                   mode) {
     return ggml_rope_impl(
-        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, mode, 0, 10000.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, true
+        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, NULL, mode, 0, 10000.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, true
     );
 }
 
@@ -3704,7 +4229,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_ext(
         float                 beta_fast,
         float                 beta_slow) {
     return ggml_rope_impl(
-        ctx, a, b, c, n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+        ctx, a, b, c, n_dims, NULL, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
         ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow, false
     );
 }
@@ -3724,7 +4249,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_ext_inplace(
         float                 beta_fast,
         float                 beta_slow) {
     return ggml_rope_impl(
-        ctx, a, b, c, n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+        ctx, a, b, c, n_dims, NULL, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
         ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow, true
     );
 }
@@ -3743,7 +4268,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_custom(
         float                 beta_fast,
         float                 beta_slow) {
     return ggml_rope_impl(
-        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, NULL, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
         ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow, false
     );
 }
@@ -3762,7 +4287,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_custom_inplace(
         float                 beta_fast,
         float                 beta_slow) {
     return ggml_rope_impl(
-        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
+        ctx, a, b, NULL, n_dims, NULL, mode, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, freq_scale,
         ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow, true
     );
 }
@@ -3960,14 +4485,13 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_1d_dw(
         int                   s0,
         int                   p0,
         int                   d0) {
-    struct ggml_tensor * new_a = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, a, a->ne[0], 1, a->ne[1], a->ne[2]);
     struct ggml_tensor * new_b = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, b, b->ne[0], 1, b->ne[1], b->ne[2]);
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * im2col = ggml_im2col(ctx, new_a, new_b, s0, 0, p0, 0, d0, 0, false, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    struct ggml_tensor * im2col = ggml_im2col(ctx, a, new_b, s0, 0, p0, 0, d0, 0, false, GGML_TYPE_F16);
 
     struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, im2col, a);
 
-    result = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, result, b->ne[0], b->ne[1], 1);
+    result = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, result, result->ne[0], result->ne[2], 1);
 
     return result;
 }
@@ -4048,6 +4572,91 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_2d(
     return result;
 }
 
+// a: [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+// b: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+// result: [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_im2col_3d(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        int64_t               IC,
+        int                   s0, // stride width
+        int                   s1, // stride height
+        int                   s2, // stride depth
+        int                   p0, // padding width
+        int                   p1, // padding height
+        int                   p2, // padding depth
+        int                   d0, // dilation width
+        int                   d1, // dilation height
+        int                   d2, // dilation depth
+        enum ggml_type        dst_type) {
+    const int64_t N = b->ne[3] / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = b->ne[2];
+    const int64_t IH = b->ne[1];
+    const int64_t IW = b->ne[0];
+
+    const int64_t OC = a->ne[3] / IC;
+    UNUSED(OC);
+    const int64_t KD = a->ne[2];
+    const int64_t KH = a->ne[1];
+    const int64_t KW = a->ne[0];
+    const int64_t OD = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(ID, KD, s2, p2, d2);
+    const int64_t OH = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(IH, KH, s1, p1, d1);
+    const int64_t OW = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(IW, KW, s0, p0, d0);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT((OD > 0)  && "b too small compared to a");
+    GGML_ASSERT((OH > 0)  && "b too small compared to a");
+    GGML_ASSERT((OW > 0)  && "b too small compared to a");
+
+
+    const int64_t ne[4] = {KW*KH*KD*IC, OW, OH, OD*N};
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, dst_type, 4, ne);
+    int32_t params[] = { s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, (int32_t)IC};
+    ggml_set_op_params(result, params, sizeof(params));
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+    result->src[1] = b;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// a: [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+// b: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+// result: [N*OC, OD, OH, OW]
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        int64_t               IC,
+        int                   s0, // stride width
+        int                   s1, // stride height
+        int                   s2, // stride depth
+        int                   p0, // padding width
+        int                   p1, // padding height
+        int                   p2, // padding depth
+        int                   d0, // dilation width
+        int                   d1, // dilation height
+        int                   d2  // dilation depth
+        ) {
+    struct ggml_tensor * im2col = ggml_im2col_3d(ctx, a, b, IC, s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, a->type); // [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+
+    int64_t OC = a->ne[3] / IC;
+    int64_t N = b->ne[3] / IC;
+    struct ggml_tensor * result =
+        ggml_mul_mat(ctx,
+                ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, im2col, im2col->ne[0], im2col->ne[3] * im2col->ne[2] * im2col->ne[1]), // [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW] => [N*OD*OH*OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+                ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, a, (a->ne[0] * a->ne[1] * a->ne[2] * IC), OC));                          // [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW] => [OC, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+
+    int64_t OD = im2col->ne[3] / N;
+    result = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, result, im2col->ne[1]*im2col->ne[2], OD, N, OC); // [OC, N*OD*OH*OW] => [OC, N, OD, OH*OW]
+    result = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, result, 0, 1, 3, 2)); // [N, OC, OD, OH*OW]
+    result = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, result, im2col->ne[1], im2col->ne[2], OD, OC * N); // [N*OC, OD, OH, OW]
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_conv_2d_sk_p0
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_2d_sk_p0(
@@ -4131,6 +4740,94 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_2d_dw_direct(
     return result;
 }
 
+// ggml_conv_2d_direct
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_2d_direct(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // convolution kernel [KW, KH, IC, OC]
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,   // input data [W, H, C, N]
+        int                   s0,  // stride dimension 0
+        int                   s1,  // stride dimension 1
+        int                   p0,  // padding dimension 0
+        int                   p1,  // padding dimension 1
+        int                   d0,  // dilation dimension 0
+        int                   d1) {// dilation dimension 1
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] == b->ne[2]);
+    //GGML_ASSERT(a->type == b->type);
+
+    int64_t ne[4];
+    ne[0] = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(b->ne[0], a->ne[0], s0, p0, d0);
+    ne[1] = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(b->ne[1], a->ne[1], s1, p1, d1);
+    ne[2] = a->ne[3];
+    ne[3] = b->ne[3];
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, b->type, 4, ne);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, s0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 1, s1);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 2, p0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 3, p1);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 4, d0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 5, d1);
+
+    result->op = GGML_OP_CONV_2D;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+    result->src[1] = b;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// ggml_conv_3d_direct
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d_direct(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        int                   s0,
+        int                   s1,
+        int                   s2,
+        int                   p0,
+        int                   p1,
+        int                   p2,
+        int                   d0,
+        int                   d1,
+        int                   d2,
+        int                   c,
+        int                   n,
+        int                   oc) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[3] == (int64_t) c * oc);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->ne[3] == (int64_t) c * n);
+
+    int64_t ne[4];
+    ne[0] = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(b->ne[0], a->ne[0], s0, p0, d0);
+    ne[1] = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(b->ne[1], a->ne[1], s1, p1, d1);
+    ne[2] = ggml_calc_conv_output_size(b->ne[2], a->ne[2], s2, p2, d2);
+    ne[3] = (int64_t) oc * n;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, ne);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0,  s0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 1,  s1);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 2,  s2);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 3,  p0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 4,  p1);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 5,  p2);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 6,  d0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 7,  d1);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 8,  d2);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 9,  c);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 10, n);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 11, oc);
+
+    result->op = GGML_OP_CONV_3D;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+    result->src[1] = b;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_conv_transpose_2d_p0
 
 static int64_t ggml_calc_conv_transpose_output_size(int64_t ins, int64_t ks, int s, int p) {
@@ -4182,6 +4879,8 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pool_1d(
         a->ne[2],
         a->ne[3],
     };
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne[0] > 0);
+
     struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, ne);
 
     int32_t params[] = { op, k0, s0, p0 };
@@ -4212,6 +4911,9 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pool_2d(
         a->ne[2],
         a->ne[3],
     };
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne[0] > 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne[1] > 0);
+
     result = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, ne);
 
     int32_t params[] = { op, k0, k1, s0, s1, p0, p1 };
@@ -4247,24 +4949,23 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pool_2d_back(
     return result;
 }
 
-// ggml_upscale
+// ggml_upscale / ggml_interpolate
 
-static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_upscale_impl(
+static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_interpolate_impl(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
-        int                   ne0,
-        int                   ne1,
-        int                   ne2,
-        int                   ne3,
-        enum ggml_scale_mode  mode) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[0] <= ne0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[1] <= ne1);
-    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] <= ne2);
-    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[3] <= ne3);
+        int64_t               ne0,
+        int64_t               ne1,
+        int64_t               ne2,
+        int64_t               ne3,
+        uint32_t              mode) {
+    GGML_ASSERT((mode & 0xFF) < GGML_SCALE_MODE_COUNT);
+    // TODO: implement antialias for modes other than bilinear
+    GGML_ASSERT(!(mode & GGML_SCALE_FLAG_ANTIALIAS) || (mode & 0xFF) == GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR);
 
     struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, a->type, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3);
 
-    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, mode);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, (int32_t)mode);
 
     result->op     = GGML_OP_UPSCALE;
     result->src[0] = a;
@@ -4277,7 +4978,8 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_upscale(
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
         int                   scale_factor,
         enum ggml_scale_mode  mode) {
-    return ggml_upscale_impl(ctx, a, a->ne[0] * scale_factor, a->ne[1] * scale_factor, a->ne[2], a->ne[3], mode);
+    GGML_ASSERT(scale_factor > 1);
+    return ggml_interpolate_impl(ctx, a, a->ne[0] * scale_factor, a->ne[1] * scale_factor, a->ne[2], a->ne[3], mode);
 }
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_upscale_ext(
@@ -4288,7 +4990,18 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_upscale_ext(
         int                   ne2,
         int                   ne3,
         enum ggml_scale_mode  mode) {
-    return ggml_upscale_impl(ctx, a, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, mode);
+    return ggml_interpolate_impl(ctx, a, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, mode);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_interpolate(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        int64_t               ne0,
+        int64_t               ne1,
+        int64_t               ne2,
+        int64_t               ne3,
+        uint32_t              mode) {
+    return ggml_interpolate_impl(ctx, a, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, mode);
 }
 
 // ggml_pad
@@ -4300,11 +5013,49 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad(
         int                   p1,
         int                   p2,
         int                   p3) {
+    return ggml_pad_ext(ctx, a, 0, p0, 0, p1, 0, p2, 0, p3);
+}
+
+// ggml_pad_circular
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_circular(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        int                   p0,
+        int                   p1,
+        int                   p2,
+        int                   p3) {
+    return ggml_pad_ext_circular(ctx, a, 0, p0, 0, p1, 0, p2, 0, p3);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_ext(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int                  lp0,
+            int                  rp0,
+            int                  lp1,
+            int                  rp1,
+            int                  lp2,
+            int                  rp2,
+            int                  lp3,
+            int                  rp3
+            ) {
     struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, a->type,
-            a->ne[0] + p0,
-            a->ne[1] + p1,
-            a->ne[2] + p2,
-            a->ne[3] + p3);
+            a->ne[0] + lp0 + rp0,
+            a->ne[1] + lp1 + rp1,
+            a->ne[2] + lp2 + rp2,
+            a->ne[3] + lp3 + rp3);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, lp0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 1, rp0);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 2, lp1);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 3, rp1);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 4, lp2);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 5, rp2);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 6, lp3);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 7, rp3);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 8, 0); // not circular by default
+
 
     result->op     = GGML_OP_PAD;
     result->src[0] = a;
@@ -4312,6 +5063,25 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad(
     return result;
 }
 
+// ggml_pad_ext_circular
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_ext_circular(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        int                  lp0,
+        int                  rp0,
+        int                  lp1,
+        int                  rp1,
+        int                  lp2,
+        int                  rp2,
+        int                  lp3,
+        int                  rp3
+        ) {
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_pad_ext(ctx, a, lp0, rp0, lp1, rp1, lp2, rp2, lp3, rp3);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 8, 1); // circular
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_pad_reflect_1d
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_reflect_1d(
@@ -4371,28 +5141,6 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_roll(
     return result;
 }
 
-// ggml_arange
-
-struct ggml_tensor * ggml_arange(
-        struct ggml_context * ctx,
-        float                 start,
-        float                 stop,
-        float                 step) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(stop > start);
-
-    const int64_t steps = (int64_t) ceilf((stop - start) / step);
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, steps);
-
-    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 0, start);
-    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 1, stop);
-    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 2, step);
-
-    result->op = GGML_OP_ARANGE;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
 // ggml_timestep_embedding
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_timestep_embedding(
@@ -4400,12 +5148,8 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_timestep_embedding(
         struct ggml_tensor  * timesteps,
         int                   dim,
         int                   max_period) {
-    int actual_dim = dim;
-    if (dim % 2 != 0) {
-        actual_dim = dim + 1;
-    }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, actual_dim, timesteps->ne[0]);
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim, timesteps->ne[0]);
 
     ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, dim);
     ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 1, max_period);
@@ -4416,6 +5160,61 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_timestep_embedding(
     return result;
 }
 
+// ggml_tri
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_tri(
+    struct ggml_context * ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+    enum ggml_tri_type    type) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(a));
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[0] == a->ne[1]);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, type);
+
+    result->op = GGML_OP_TRI;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// ggml_fill
+
+static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_fill_impl(
+    struct ggml_context * ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+    float                 c,
+    bool                  inplace) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(a));
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = inplace ? ggml_view_tensor(ctx, a) : ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 0, c);
+
+    result->op = GGML_OP_FILL;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_fill(
+    struct ggml_context * ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+    float                 c) {
+    return ggml_fill_impl(ctx, a, c, false);
+}
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_fill_inplace(
+    struct ggml_context * ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+    float                 c) {
+    return ggml_fill_impl(ctx, a, c, true);
+}
+
 // ggml_argsort
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_argsort(
@@ -4423,6 +5222,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_argsort(
         struct ggml_tensor   * a,
         enum ggml_sort_order   order) {
     GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[0] <= INT32_MAX);
+
     struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, GGML_MAX_DIMS, a->ne);
 
     ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, (int32_t) order);
@@ -4433,9 +5233,9 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_argsort(
     return result;
 }
 
-// ggml_top_k
+// ggml_argsort_top_k
 
-struct ggml_tensor * ggml_top_k(
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_argsort_top_k(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
         int                   k) {
@@ -4451,6 +5251,44 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_top_k(
     return result;
 }
 
+// ggml_top_k
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_top_k(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        int                   k) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[0] >= k);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, k, a->ne[1], a->ne[2], a->ne[3]);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_TOP_K;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// ggml_arange
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_arange(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        float                 start,
+        float                 stop,
+        float                 step) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(stop > start);
+
+    const int64_t steps = (int64_t) ceilf((stop - start) / step);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, steps);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 0, start);
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 1, stop);
+    ggml_set_op_params_f32(result, 2, step);
+
+    result->op = GGML_OP_ARANGE;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 // ggml_flash_attn_ext
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_flash_attn_ext(
@@ -4465,13 +5303,15 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_flash_attn_ext(
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_mul_mat(k, q));
     // TODO: check if vT can be multiplied by (k*qT)
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(q->ne[3] == k->ne[3]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(q->ne[3] == v->ne[3]);
+
     if (mask) {
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(mask));
-        GGML_ASSERT(mask->ne[2] == 1);
-        GGML_ASSERT(mask->ne[3] == 1);
-        GGML_ASSERT(mask->ne[1] >= GGML_PAD(q->ne[1], GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD) &&
-                "the Flash-Attention kernel requires the mask to be padded to GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD and at least n_queries big");
         //GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat_rows(mask, qk));
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(q->ne[2] % mask->ne[2] == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(q->ne[3] % mask->ne[3] == 0);
     }
 
     if (max_bias > 0.0f) {
@@ -4513,6 +5353,22 @@ enum ggml_prec ggml_flash_attn_ext_get_prec(
     return (enum ggml_prec) prec_i32;
 }
 
+void ggml_flash_attn_ext_add_sinks(
+        struct ggml_tensor * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor * sinks) {
+    if (!sinks) {
+        a->src[4] = NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->op == GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->src[4] == NULL);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->src[0]->ne[2] == sinks->ne[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(sinks->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    a->src[4] = sinks;
+}
+
 // ggml_flash_attn_back
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_flash_attn_back(
@@ -4599,7 +5455,6 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_ssm_conv(
     const int64_t n_s     = sx->ne[2];
 
     // TODO: maybe support other strides than 1?
-    // FIXME: this is always true?
     GGML_ASSERT(sx->ne[0] == d_conv - 1 + n_t);
     GGML_ASSERT(sx->ne[1] == d_inner);
     GGML_ASSERT(n_t >= 0);
@@ -4622,36 +5477,49 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_ssm_scan(
         struct ggml_tensor  * dt,
         struct ggml_tensor  * A,
         struct ggml_tensor  * B,
-        struct ggml_tensor  * C) {
+        struct ggml_tensor  * C,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * ids) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(s));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(x));
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dt));
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(A));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_matrix(A));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_3d(B));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_3d(s));
+    GGML_ASSERT(x->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(x->type));
     GGML_ASSERT(B->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(B->type));
     GGML_ASSERT(C->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(C->type));
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(x, dt));
+    GGML_ASSERT(x->nb[1] == x->ne[0]*x->nb[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(B->nb[1] == B->ne[0]*B->nb[0]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(C->nb[1] == C->ne[0]*C->nb[0]);
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(B, C));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ids->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
 
     {
         const int64_t d_state      = s->ne[0];
-        const int64_t d_inner      = s->ne[1];
-        const int64_t n_seq_tokens = x->ne[1];
-        const int64_t n_seqs       = x->ne[2];
-
-        GGML_ASSERT(s->ne[2] == n_seqs);
-        GGML_ASSERT(x->ne[0] == d_inner);
-        GGML_ASSERT(A->ne[0] == d_state);
-        GGML_ASSERT(A->ne[1] == d_inner);
+        const int64_t head_dim     = x->ne[0];
+        const int64_t n_head       = x->ne[1];
+        const int64_t n_seq_tokens = x->ne[2];
+        const int64_t n_seqs       = x->ne[3];
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(dt->ne[0] == n_head);
+        GGML_ASSERT(dt->ne[1] == n_seq_tokens);
+        GGML_ASSERT(dt->ne[2] == n_seqs);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_3d(dt));
+        GGML_ASSERT(s->ne[1] == head_dim);
+        GGML_ASSERT(s->ne[2] == n_head);
         GGML_ASSERT(B->ne[0] == d_state);
-        GGML_ASSERT(B->ne[1] == n_seq_tokens);
-        GGML_ASSERT(B->ne[2] == n_seqs);
+        GGML_ASSERT(B->ne[2] == n_seq_tokens);
+        GGML_ASSERT(B->ne[3] == n_seqs);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ids->ne[0] == n_seqs);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_vector(ids));
+        GGML_ASSERT(A->ne[1] == n_head);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_matrix(A));
+
+        if (A->ne[0] != 1) {
+            // Mamba-1 has more granular decay factors
+            GGML_ASSERT(A->ne[0] == d_state);
+        }
     }
 
     // concatenated y + ssm_states
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, ggml_nelements(x) + ggml_nelements(s));
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, ggml_nelements(x) + s->ne[0]*s->ne[1]*s->ne[2]*ids->ne[0]);
 
     result->op   = GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN;
     result->src[0] = s;
@@ -4660,6 +5528,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_ssm_scan(
     result->src[3] = A;
     result->src[4] = B;
     result->src[5] = C;
+    result->src[6] = ids;
 
     return result;
 }
@@ -4920,7 +5789,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_unary_impl(
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
         enum ggml_unary_op    op,
         bool                  inplace) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_1(a));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(a));
 
     struct ggml_tensor * result = inplace ? ggml_view_tensor(ctx, a) : ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
 
@@ -5215,6 +6084,114 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_opt_step_adamw(
     return result;
 }
 
+// opt_step_sgd
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_opt_step_sgd(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * grad,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_PARAM);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(a, grad));
+    GGML_ASSERT(params->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(params) == 2);
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_view_tensor(ctx, a);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_SGD;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+    result->src[1] = grad;
+    result->src[2] = params;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// solve_tri
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_solve_tri(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        bool                  left,
+        bool                  lower,
+        bool                  uni) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(b->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    // A must be square and lower diagonal
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[0] == a->ne[1]);
+    // B must have same outer dimension as A
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[1] == b->ne[1]);
+
+    // batch dimensions must be equal
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[2] == b->ne[2]);
+    GGML_ASSERT(a->ne[3] == b->ne[3]);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(a));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(b));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(lower && left && !uni); // TODO: support other variants
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, b->ne[0], b->ne[1], b->ne[2], b->ne[3]);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI;
+    result->src[0] = a;
+    result->src[1] = b;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// ggml_gated_delta_net
+
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_gated_delta_net(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * q,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * k,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * v,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * g,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * beta,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * state) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(q));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(k));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous_rows(v));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(g));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(beta));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(state));
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(q->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(k->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(v->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(g->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(beta->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(state->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int64_t S_v      = v->ne[0];
+    const int64_t H        = v->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_tokens = v->ne[2];
+    const int64_t n_seqs   = v->ne[3];
+
+    // gate: scalar [1, H, T, B] or vector [S_v, H, T, B] (KDA)
+    GGML_ASSERT(g->ne[0] == 1 || g->ne[0] == S_v);
+    GGML_ASSERT(beta->ne[0] == 1);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(state) == S_v * S_v * H * n_seqs);
+
+    // concat output and new_state into a single tensor
+    // output: S_v * H * n_tokens * n_seqs, state: S_v * S_v * H * n_seqs
+    const int64_t ne[4] = { S_v * H, n_tokens * n_seqs + S_v * n_seqs, 1, 1 };
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, ne);
+
+    result->op     = GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET;
+    result->src[0] = q;
+    result->src[1] = k;
+    result->src[2] = v;
+    result->src[3] = g;
+    result->src[4] = beta;
+    result->src[5] = state;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 struct ggml_hash_set ggml_hash_set_new(size_t size) {
@@ -5483,7 +6460,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
         } break;
         case GGML_OP_MEAN: {
             if (src0_needs_grads) {
-                ggml_add1_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_scale_impl(ctx, grad, 1.0f/src0->ne[0], false));
+                ggml_add1_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_scale_impl(ctx, grad, 1.0f/src0->ne[0], 0.0, false));
             }
         } break;
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT: {
@@ -5560,7 +6537,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
             if (src0_needs_grads) {
                 float s;
                 memcpy(&s, tensor->op_params, sizeof(float));
-                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_scale_impl(ctx, grad, s, false));
+                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_scale_impl(ctx, grad, s, 0.0, false));
             }
         } break;
         case GGML_OP_SET: {
@@ -5676,7 +6653,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
         case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF: {
             if (src0_needs_grads) {
                 /* ggml_diag_mask_inf_impl() shouldn't be here */
-                /* ref:  https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4203#discussion_r1412377992 */
+                /* ref:  https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/4203#discussion_r1412377992 */
                 const int n_past = ((const int32_t *) tensor->op_params)[0];
                 ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_diag_mask_zero_impl(ctx, grad, n_past, false));
             }
@@ -5787,6 +6764,16 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
                         ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_mul(ctx, tensor, grad));
                     }
                 } break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1: {
+                    if (src0_needs_grads) {
+                        ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_mul(ctx, grad, ggml_exp(ctx, src0)));
+                    }
+                } break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS: {
+                    if (src0_needs_grads) {
+                        ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_mul(ctx, grad, ggml_sigmoid(ctx, src0)));
+                    }
+                } break;
                 default: {
                     fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported unary op for backward pass: %s\n",
                         __func__, ggml_unary_op_name(ggml_get_unary_op(tensor)));
@@ -5800,13 +6787,28 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
             }
             GGML_ASSERT(!src1_needs_grads && "backward pass for labels not implemented");
         } break;
+        case GGML_OP_GLU: {
+            switch (ggml_get_glu_op(tensor)) {
+                case GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU: {
+                    if (src0_needs_grads) {
+                        GGML_ASSERT(src1 && "backward pass only implemented for split swiglu");
+                        ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_silu_back(ctx, ggml_mul(ctx, grad, src1), src0));
+                    }
+                    if (src1_needs_grads) {
+                        ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc1, ggml_mul(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx, src0), grad));
+                    }
+                } break;
+                default: {
+                    GGML_ABORT("unsupported glu op for backward pass: %s", ggml_glu_op_name(ggml_get_glu_op(tensor)));
+                } //break;
+            }
+        } break;
         case GGML_OP_NONE: {
             // noop
         } break;
         case GGML_OP_COUNT:
         default: {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported ggml op for backward pass: %s\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(tensor->op));
-            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            GGML_ABORT("%s: unsupported ggml op for backward pass: %s\n", __func__, ggml_op_name(tensor->op));
         } //break;
     }
 
@@ -5815,19 +6817,47 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
     GGML_ASSERT(!src2_needs_grads || ggml_are_same_shape(src2, cgraph->grads[isrc2]));
 }
 
-static void ggml_visit_parents(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor * node) {
-    // check if already visited
-    if (ggml_hash_insert(&cgraph->visited_hash_set, node) == GGML_HASHSET_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
-        return;
+static size_t ggml_visit_parents_graph(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor * node, bool compute) {
+    if (node->op != GGML_OP_NONE && compute) {
+        node->flags |= GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE;
     }
 
+    const size_t node_hash_pos = ggml_hash_find(&cgraph->visited_hash_set, node);
+    GGML_ASSERT(node_hash_pos != GGML_HASHSET_FULL);
+
+    if (ggml_bitset_get(cgraph->visited_hash_set.used, node_hash_pos)) {
+        // already visited
+
+        if (compute) {
+            // update the compute flag regardless
+            for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++i) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * src = node->src[i];
+                if (src && ((src->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0)) {
+                    ggml_visit_parents_graph(cgraph, src, true);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return node_hash_pos;
+    }
+
+    // This is the first time we see this node in the current graph.
+    cgraph->visited_hash_set.keys[node_hash_pos] = node;
+    ggml_bitset_set(cgraph->visited_hash_set.used, node_hash_pos);
+    cgraph->use_counts[node_hash_pos] = 0;
+
     for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; ++i) {
         const int k =
             (cgraph->order == GGML_CGRAPH_EVAL_ORDER_LEFT_TO_RIGHT) ? i :
             (cgraph->order == GGML_CGRAPH_EVAL_ORDER_RIGHT_TO_LEFT) ? (GGML_MAX_SRC-1-i) :
-            /* unknown order, just fall back to using i*/ i;
-        if (node->src[k]) {
-            ggml_visit_parents(cgraph, node->src[k]);
+            /* unknown order, just fall back to using i */ i;
+
+        struct ggml_tensor * src = node->src[k];
+        if (src) {
+            const size_t src_hash_pos = ggml_visit_parents_graph(cgraph, src, compute);
+
+            // Update the use count for this operand.
+            cgraph->use_counts[src_hash_pos]++;
         }
     }
 
@@ -5851,19 +6881,21 @@ static void ggml_visit_parents(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor *
         cgraph->nodes[cgraph->n_nodes] = node;
         cgraph->n_nodes++;
     }
+
+    return node_hash_pos;
 }
 
-static void ggml_build_forward_impl(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, bool expand) {
+static void ggml_build_forward_impl(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, bool expand, bool compute) {
     if (!expand) {
         // TODO: this branch isn't accessible anymore, maybe move this to ggml_build_forward_expand
         ggml_graph_clear(cgraph);
     }
 
-    const int n0 = cgraph->n_nodes;
+    const int n_old = cgraph->n_nodes;
 
-    ggml_visit_parents(cgraph, tensor);
+    ggml_visit_parents_graph(cgraph, tensor, compute);
 
-    const int n_new = cgraph->n_nodes - n0;
+    const int n_new = cgraph->n_nodes - n_old;
     GGML_PRINT_DEBUG("%s: visited %d new nodes\n", __func__, n_new);
 
     if (n_new > 0) {
@@ -5872,8 +6904,22 @@ static void ggml_build_forward_impl(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_ten
     }
 }
 
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_build_forward_select(
+        struct ggml_cgraph  * cgraph,
+        struct ggml_tensor ** tensors,
+        int                   n_tensors,
+        int                   idx) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(idx >= 0 && idx < n_tensors);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; i++) {
+        ggml_build_forward_impl(cgraph, tensors[i], true, i == idx ? true : false);
+    }
+
+    return tensors[idx];
+}
+
 void ggml_build_forward_expand(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    ggml_build_forward_impl(cgraph, tensor, true);
+    ggml_build_forward_impl(cgraph, tensor, true, true);
 }
 
 void ggml_build_backward_expand(
@@ -5988,6 +7034,7 @@ static size_t ggml_graph_nbytes(size_t size, bool grads) {
     incr_ptr_aligned(&p, sizeof(struct ggml_cgraph), 1);
     incr_ptr_aligned(&p, size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)); // nodes
     incr_ptr_aligned(&p, size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)); // leafs
+    incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t)); // use_counts
     incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)); // hash keys
     if (grads) {
         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)); // grads
@@ -6017,11 +7064,12 @@ struct ggml_cgraph * ggml_new_graph_custom(struct ggml_context * ctx, size_t siz
 
     void * p = cgraph + 1;
 
-    struct ggml_tensor ** nodes_ptr     =         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, size      * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *));
-    struct ggml_tensor ** leafs_ptr     =         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, size      * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *));
-    struct ggml_tensor ** hash_keys_ptr =         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *));
-    struct ggml_tensor ** grads_ptr     = grads ? incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)) : NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor ** grad_accs_ptr = grads ? incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)) : NULL;
+    struct ggml_tensor ** nodes_ptr      =         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, size      * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *));
+    struct ggml_tensor ** leafs_ptr      =         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, size      * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *));
+    int32_t             * use_counts_ptr =         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t));
+    struct ggml_tensor ** hash_keys_ptr  =         incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *));
+    struct ggml_tensor ** grads_ptr      = grads ? incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)) : NULL;
+    struct ggml_tensor ** grad_accs_ptr  = grads ? incr_ptr_aligned(&p, hash_size * sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *), sizeof(struct ggml_tensor *)) : NULL;
 
     ggml_bitset_t * hash_used = incr_ptr_aligned(&p, ggml_bitset_size(hash_size) * sizeof(ggml_bitset_t), sizeof(ggml_bitset_t));
 
@@ -6036,6 +7084,7 @@ struct ggml_cgraph * ggml_new_graph_custom(struct ggml_context * ctx, size_t siz
         /*.grads        =*/ grads_ptr,
         /*.grad_accs    =*/ grad_accs_ptr,
         /*.leafs        =*/ leafs_ptr,
+        /*.use_counts   =*/ use_counts_ptr,
         /*.hash_table   =*/ { hash_size, hash_used, hash_keys_ptr },
         /*.order        =*/ GGML_CGRAPH_EVAL_ORDER_LEFT_TO_RIGHT,
     };
@@ -6062,7 +7111,8 @@ struct ggml_cgraph ggml_graph_view(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph0, int i0, int i1)
         /*.grads            =*/ NULL, // gradients would need visited_hash_set
         /*.grad_accs        =*/ NULL,
         /*.leafs            =*/ NULL,
-        /*.visited_hash_set =*/ { 0, NULL, NULL },
+        /*.use_counts       =*/ cgraph0->use_counts,
+        /*.visited_hash_set =*/ cgraph0->visited_hash_set,
         /*.order            =*/ cgraph0->order,
     };
 
@@ -6089,7 +7139,8 @@ void ggml_graph_cpy(struct ggml_cgraph * src, struct ggml_cgraph * dst) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < src->visited_hash_set.size; ++i) {
         // copy all hashset keys (tensors) that are in use
         if (ggml_bitset_get(src->visited_hash_set.used, i)) {
-            ggml_hash_insert(&dst->visited_hash_set, src->visited_hash_set.keys[i]);
+            size_t new_hash_pos = ggml_hash_insert(&dst->visited_hash_set, src->visited_hash_set.keys[i]);
+            dst->use_counts[new_hash_pos] = src->use_counts[i];
         }
     }
 
@@ -6262,6 +7313,82 @@ void ggml_graph_print(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
     GGML_LOG_INFO("========================================\n");
 }
 
+static int ggml_node_list_find_tensor(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                      const int *                idxs,
+                                      int                        count,
+                                      const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(cgraph && idxs);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        const int node_idx = idxs[i];
+
+        if (node_idx >= cgraph->n_nodes) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (cgraph->nodes[node_idx] == tensor) {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool ggml_can_fuse_subgraph_ext(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+                                const int *                node_idxs,
+                                int                        count,
+                                const enum ggml_op *       ops,
+                                const int *                outputs,
+                                int                        num_outputs) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(outputs && num_outputs > 0);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (node_idxs[i] >= cgraph->n_nodes) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_idxs[i]];
+
+        if (node->op != ops[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ((node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (ggml_node_list_find_tensor(cgraph, outputs, num_outputs, node) != -1) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        int subgraph_uses = 0;
+        for (int j = i + 1; j < count; ++j) {
+            const struct ggml_tensor * other_node = cgraph->nodes[node_idxs[j]];
+            for (int src_idx = 0; src_idx < GGML_MAX_SRC; src_idx++) {
+                if (other_node->src[src_idx] == node) {
+                    subgraph_uses++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (subgraph_uses != ggml_node_get_use_count(cgraph, node_idxs[i])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // if node is a view, check if the view_src and all it's parent view_srcs are within the subgraph
+        struct ggml_tensor * view_src = node->view_src;
+        while (view_src) {
+            if (ggml_node_list_find_tensor(cgraph, node_idxs, count, view_src) == -1) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            view_src = view_src->view_src;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 // check if node is part of the graph
 static bool ggml_graph_find(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, const struct ggml_tensor * node) {
     if (cgraph == NULL) {
@@ -6293,24 +7420,22 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_graph_get_parent(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgr
 static void ggml_graph_dump_dot_node_edge(FILE * fp, const struct ggml_cgraph * gb, struct ggml_tensor * node, struct ggml_tensor * parent, const char * label)  {
     struct ggml_tensor * gparent = ggml_graph_get_parent(gb, node);
     struct ggml_tensor * gparent0 = ggml_graph_get_parent(gb, parent);
-    fprintf(fp, "  \"%p\":%s -> \"%p\":%s [ arrowhead = %s; style = %s; label = \"%s\"; ]\n",
+    fprintf(fp, "  \"%p\" -> \"%p\" [ arrowhead = %s; style = %s; label = \"%s\"; ]\n",
             gparent0 ? (void *) gparent0 : (void *) parent,
-            gparent0 ? "g" : "x",
             gparent ? (void *) gparent : (void *) node,
-            gparent ? "g" : "x",
             gparent ? "empty" : "vee",
             gparent ? "dashed" : "solid",
             label);
 }
 
 static void ggml_graph_dump_dot_leaf_edge(FILE * fp, struct ggml_tensor * node, struct ggml_tensor * parent, const char * label)  {
-    fprintf(fp, "  \"%p\":%s -> \"%p\":%s [ label = \"%s\"; ]\n",
-            (void *) parent, "x",
-            (void *) node, "x",
+    fprintf(fp, "  \"%p\" -> \"%p\" [ label = \"%s\"; ]\n",
+            (void *) parent,
+            (void *) node,
             label);
 }
 
-void ggml_graph_dump_dot(const struct ggml_cgraph * gb, const struct ggml_cgraph * gf, const char * filename) {
+void ggml_graph_dump_dot(const struct ggml_cgraph * gb, const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, const char * filename) {
     char color[16];
 
     FILE * fp = ggml_fopen(filename, "w");
@@ -6331,7 +7456,7 @@ void ggml_graph_dump_dot(const struct ggml_cgraph * gb, const struct ggml_cgraph
         if (node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_PARAM) {
             snprintf(color, sizeof(color), "yellow");
         } else if (grad) {
-            if (ggml_graph_find(gf, node)) {
+            if (ggml_graph_find(cgraph, node)) {
                 snprintf(color, sizeof(color), "green");
             } else {
                 snprintf(color, sizeof(color), "lightblue");
@@ -6483,8 +7608,11 @@ void ggml_quantize_free(void) {
 
     iq2xs_free_impl(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS);
     iq2xs_free_impl(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS);
+    iq2xs_free_impl(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S);
     iq2xs_free_impl(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S);
+    iq2xs_free_impl(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M);
     iq3xs_free_impl(256);
+    iq3xs_free_impl(512);
 
     ggml_critical_section_end();
 }
@@ -6527,6 +7655,8 @@ size_t ggml_quantize_chunk(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:    result = quantize_q5_0(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:    result = quantize_q5_1(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:    result = quantize_q8_0(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:   result = quantize_mxfp4(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:   result = quantize_nvfp4(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:    result = quantize_q2_K(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:    result = quantize_q3_K(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:    result = quantize_q4_K(src + start, (char *) dst + start_row * row_size, nrows, n_per_row, imatrix); break;
@@ -6572,6 +7702,11 @@ size_t ggml_quantize_chunk(
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+void ggml_log_get(ggml_log_callback * log_callback, void ** user_data) {
+    *log_callback = g_logger_state.log_callback;
+    *user_data    = g_logger_state.log_callback_user_data;
+}
+
 void ggml_log_set(ggml_log_callback log_callback, void * user_data) {
     g_logger_state.log_callback = log_callback ? log_callback : ggml_log_callback_default;
     g_logger_state.log_callback_user_data = user_data;
diff --git a/ggml/src/gguf.cpp b/ggml/src/gguf.cpp
index a0a318a29f5..cbeedf6c4b6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/gguf.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/gguf.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,17 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#define GGUF_MAX_STRING_LENGTH  (1024*1024*1024)
+#define GGUF_MAX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS (1024*1024*1024)
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#    define gguf_ftell _ftelli64
+#    define gguf_fseek _fseeki64
+#else
+#    define gguf_ftell ftello
+#    define gguf_fseek fseeko
+#endif
+
 template <typename T>
 struct type_to_gguf_type;
 
@@ -217,17 +228,64 @@ struct gguf_context {
 };
 
 struct gguf_reader {
-    FILE * file;
+    gguf_reader(FILE * file) : file(file) {
+        // read the remaining bytes once and update on each read
+        nbytes_remain = file_remain(file);
+    }
 
-    gguf_reader(FILE * file) : file(file) {}
+    // helper for remaining bytes in a file
+    static uint64_t file_remain(FILE * file) {
+        const int64_t cur = gguf_ftell(file);
+        if (cur < 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (gguf_fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
+            gguf_fseek(file, cur, SEEK_SET);
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+        const int64_t end = gguf_ftell(file);
+        if (end < 0) {
+            gguf_fseek(file, cur, SEEK_SET);
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+        gguf_fseek(file, cur, SEEK_SET);
+        return static_cast<uint64_t>(end - cur);
+    }
 
     template <typename T>
     bool read(T & dst) const {
-        return fread(&dst, 1, sizeof(dst), file) == sizeof(dst);
+        const size_t size = sizeof(dst);
+        if (nbytes_remain < size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const size_t nread = fread(&dst, 1, size, file);
+        nbytes_remain -= nread;
+        return nread == size;
     }
 
     template <typename T>
     bool read(std::vector<T> & dst, const size_t n) const {
+        if (n > GGUF_MAX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if constexpr (std::is_same<T, std::string>::value) {
+            // strings are prefixed with their length, so we need to account for that
+            if (n > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (nbytes_remain < n * sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (n > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(T)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (nbytes_remain < n * sizeof(T)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
         dst.resize(n);
         for (size_t i = 0; i < dst.size(); ++i) {
             if constexpr (std::is_same<T, bool>::value) {
@@ -273,17 +331,37 @@ struct gguf_reader {
     }
 
     bool read(std::string & dst) const {
-        uint64_t size = -1;
+        uint64_t size = 0;
         if (!read(size)) {
             return false;
         }
-        dst.resize(size);
-        return fread(dst.data(), 1, dst.length(), file) == dst.length();
+        if (size > GGUF_MAX_STRING_LENGTH) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: string length %" PRIu64 " exceeds maximum %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, size, (uint64_t) GGUF_MAX_STRING_LENGTH);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (size > nbytes_remain) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: string length %" PRIu64 " exceeds remaining file size %" PRIu64 " bytes\n", __func__, size, nbytes_remain);
+            return false;
+        }
+        dst.resize(static_cast<size_t>(size));
+        const size_t nread = fread(dst.data(), 1, size, file);
+        nbytes_remain -= nread;
+        return nread == size;
     }
 
     bool read(void * dst, const size_t size) const {
-        return fread(dst, 1, size, file) == size;
+        if (size > nbytes_remain) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const size_t nread = fread(dst, 1, size, file);
+        nbytes_remain -= nread;
+        return nread == size;
     }
+
+private:
+    FILE * file;
+
+    mutable uint64_t nbytes_remain;
 };
 
 struct gguf_context * gguf_init_empty(void) {
@@ -335,7 +413,11 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_par
 
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < magic.size(); i++) {
             if (magic[i] != GGUF_MAGIC[i]) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid magic characters: '%c%c%c%c', expected 'GGUF'\n", __func__, magic[0], magic[1], magic[2], magic[3]);
+                char c0 = isprint(magic[0]) ? magic[0] : '?';
+                char c1 = isprint(magic[1]) ? magic[1] : '?';
+                char c2 = isprint(magic[2]) ? magic[2] : '?';
+                char c3 = isprint(magic[3]) ? magic[3] : '?';
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid magic characters: '%c%c%c%c', expected 'GGUF'\n", __func__, c0, c1, c2, c3);
                 gguf_free(ctx);
                 return nullptr;
             }
@@ -519,7 +601,7 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_par
 
         // tensor shape
         {
-            uint32_t n_dims = -1;
+            uint32_t n_dims = 0;
             ok = ok && gr.read(n_dims);
             if (n_dims > GGML_MAX_DIMS) {
                 GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: tensor '%s' has invalid number of dimensions: %" PRIu32 " > %" PRIu32 "\n",
@@ -564,8 +646,8 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_par
 
             // check that tensor type is within defined range
             if (info.t.type < 0 || info.t.type >= GGML_TYPE_COUNT) {
-                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: tensor '%s' has invalid ggml type %d (%s)\n",
-                    __func__, info.t.name, info.t.type, ggml_type_name(info.t.type));
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: tensor '%s' has invalid ggml type %d. should be in [0, %d)\n",
+                    __func__, info.t.name, info.t.type, GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
                 ok = false;
                 break;
             }
@@ -581,6 +663,14 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_par
                 break;
             }
 
+            // check that the size of the tensor in bytes is representable
+            if (ok && uint64_t(ggml_nelements(&info.t)/ggml_blck_size(info.t.type)) > SIZE_MAX/ggml_type_size(info.t.type)) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: tensor '%s' with shape (%" PRIi64 ", %" PRIi64 ", %" PRIi64 ", %" PRIi64 ") has a size in bytes > %zu\n",
+                    __func__, info.t.name, info.t.ne[0], info.t.ne[1], info.t.ne[2], info.t.ne[3], SIZE_MAX);
+                ok = false;
+                break;
+            }
+
             // calculate byte offsets given the tensor shape and type
             info.t.nb[0] = type_size;
             info.t.nb[1] = info.t.nb[0]*(info.t.ne[0]/blck_size);
@@ -606,14 +696,14 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_par
     GGML_ASSERT(int64_t(ctx->info.size()) == n_tensors);
 
     // we require the data section to be aligned, so take into account any padding
-    if (fseek(file, GGML_PAD(ftell(file), ctx->alignment), SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+    if (gguf_fseek(file, GGML_PAD(gguf_ftell(file), ctx->alignment), SEEK_SET) != 0) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to seek to beginning of data section\n", __func__);
         gguf_free(ctx);
         return nullptr;
     }
 
     // store the current file offset - this is where the data section starts
-    ctx->offset = ftell(file);
+    ctx->offset = gguf_ftell(file);
 
     // compute the total size of the data section, taking into account the alignment
     {
@@ -627,7 +717,14 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_par
                 gguf_free(ctx);
                 return nullptr;
             }
-            ctx->size += GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(&ti.t), ctx->alignment);
+            size_t padded_size = GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(&ti.t), ctx->alignment);
+            if (SIZE_MAX - ctx->size < padded_size) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: tensor '%s' size overflow, cannot accumulate size %zu + %zu\n",
+                    __func__, ti.t.name, ctx->size, padded_size);
+                gguf_free(ctx);
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            ctx->size += padded_size;
         }
     }
 
@@ -638,10 +735,34 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_par
         //   the ggml_tensor structs to the appropriate locations in the binary blob
 
         // compute the exact size needed for the new ggml_context
-        const size_t mem_size =
-            params.no_alloc ?
-            (n_tensors    )*ggml_tensor_overhead() :
-            (n_tensors + 1)*ggml_tensor_overhead() + ctx->size;
+        size_t mem_size = 0;
+        if (params.no_alloc) {
+            if (n_tensors != 0 && SIZE_MAX / n_tensors < ggml_tensor_overhead()) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: memory size overflow while allocating ggml context\n", __func__);
+                gguf_free(ctx);
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
+            const size_t overhead = n_tensors * ggml_tensor_overhead();
+
+            mem_size = overhead;
+        } else {
+            if ((n_tensors + 1) != 0 && SIZE_MAX / (n_tensors + 1) < ggml_tensor_overhead()) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: memory size overflow while allocating ggml context\n", __func__);
+                gguf_free(ctx);
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
+            const size_t overhead = (n_tensors + 1) * ggml_tensor_overhead();
+
+            if (SIZE_MAX - overhead < ctx->size) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: memory size overflow while allocating ggml context\n", __func__);
+                gguf_free(ctx);
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
+            mem_size = overhead + ctx->size;
+        }
 
         struct ggml_init_params pdata = {
             /*mem_size   =*/ mem_size,
@@ -723,7 +844,7 @@ struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file(const char * fname, struct gguf_init_p
     FILE * file = ggml_fopen(fname, "rb");
 
     if (!file) {
-        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to open GGUF file '%s'\n", __func__, fname);
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to open GGUF file '%s' (%s)\n", __func__, fname, strerror(errno));
         return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -1155,50 +1276,51 @@ void gguf_set_tensor_data(struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * name, const vo
     ctx->info[tensor_id].t.data = (void *)(uintptr_t)data; // double cast suppresses warning about casting away const
 }
 
-struct gguf_writer {
-    std::vector<int8_t> & buf;
+struct gguf_writer_base {
+    size_t written_bytes {0u};
+
+    ~gguf_writer_base(void) = default;
 
-    gguf_writer(std::vector<int8_t> & buf) : buf(buf) {}
+    // we bet on devirtualization
+    virtual void write(int8_t val) = 0;
+    virtual void write(const std::vector<int8_t> & val) = 0;
+    virtual void write_tensor_data(const struct gguf_tensor_info & info, size_t offset_data, size_t alignment) = 0;
 
     template <typename T>
-    void write(const T & val) const {
+    void write(const T & val) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(val); ++i) {
-            buf.push_back(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(&val)[i]);
+            write(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(&val)[i]);
         }
     }
 
-    void write(const std::vector<int8_t> & val) const {
-        buf.insert(buf.end(), val.begin(), val.end());
-    }
-
-    void write(const bool & val) const {
+    void write(const bool & val) {
         const int8_t val8 = val ? 1 : 0;
         write(val8);
     }
 
-    void write(const std::string & val) const {
+    void write(const std::string & val) {
         {
             const uint64_t n = val.length();
             write(n);
         }
         for (size_t i = 0; i < val.length(); ++i) {
-            buf.push_back(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(val.data())[i]);
+            write((val.data())[i]);
         }
     }
 
-    void write(const char * val) const {
+    void write(const char * val) {
         write(std::string(val));
     }
 
-    void write(const enum ggml_type & val) const {
+    void write(const enum ggml_type & val) {
         write(int32_t(val));
     }
 
-    void write(const enum gguf_type & val) const {
+    void write(const enum gguf_type & val) {
         write(int32_t(val));
     }
 
-    void write(const struct gguf_kv & kv) const {
+    void write(const struct gguf_kv & kv) {
         const uint64_t ne = kv.get_ne();
 
         write(kv.get_key());
@@ -1239,7 +1361,7 @@ struct gguf_writer {
         }
     }
 
-    void write_tensor_meta(const struct gguf_tensor_info & info) const {
+    void write_tensor_meta(const struct gguf_tensor_info & info) {
         write(info.t.name);
 
         const uint32_t n_dims = ggml_n_dims(&info.t);
@@ -1252,14 +1374,33 @@ struct gguf_writer {
         write(info.offset);
     }
 
-    void pad(const size_t alignment) const {
-        while (buf.size() % alignment != 0) {
+    void pad(const size_t alignment) {
+        while (written_bytes % alignment != 0) {
             const int8_t zero = 0;
             write(zero);
         }
     }
+};
+
+// vector buffer based writer
+struct gguf_writer_buf final : public gguf_writer_base {
+    std::vector<int8_t> & buf;
+
+    gguf_writer_buf(std::vector<int8_t> & buf) : buf(buf) {}
+
+    using gguf_writer_base::write;
+
+    void write(const int8_t val) override {
+        buf.push_back(val);
+        written_bytes++;
+    }
+
+    void write(const std::vector<int8_t> & val) override {
+        buf.insert(buf.end(), val.begin(), val.end());
+        written_bytes += val.size();
+    }
 
-    void write_tensor_data(const struct gguf_tensor_info & info, const size_t offset_data, const size_t alignment) const {
+    void write_tensor_data(const struct gguf_tensor_info & info, const size_t offset_data, const size_t alignment) override {
         GGML_ASSERT(buf.size() - offset_data == info.offset);
 
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(&info.t));
@@ -1273,14 +1414,58 @@ struct gguf_writer {
             GGML_ASSERT(info.t.data);
             memcpy(buf.data() + offset, info.t.data, nbytes);
         }
+        written_bytes += nbytes;
 
         pad(alignment);
     }
 };
 
-void gguf_write_to_buf(const struct gguf_context * ctx, std::vector<int8_t> & buf, bool only_meta) {
-    const struct gguf_writer gw(buf);
+// file based writer
+struct gguf_writer_file final : public gguf_writer_base {
+    FILE * file;
+
+    gguf_writer_file(FILE* file) : file(file) {}
 
+    using gguf_writer_base::write;
+
+    void write(const int8_t val) override {
+        const auto real_val = static_cast<uint8_t>(val);
+        const auto ret = fputc(real_val, file);
+        written_bytes++;
+        if (ret != real_val) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("unexpected fputc result '" + std::to_string(ret) + "' instead of '" + std::to_string((int)real_val) + "'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write(const std::vector<int8_t> & val) override {
+        const auto ret = fwrite(val.data(), 1, val.size(), file);
+        written_bytes += val.size();
+        if (ret != val.size()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("unexpected fwrite number of bytes written, '" + std::to_string(ret) + "' instead of '" + std::to_string(val.size()) + "'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_tensor_data(const struct gguf_tensor_info & info, const size_t offset_data, const size_t alignment) override {
+        GGML_ASSERT(written_bytes - offset_data == info.offset);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(&info.t));
+        const size_t nbytes = ggml_nbytes(&info.t);
+
+        std::vector<int8_t> buf(nbytes);
+        if (info.t.buffer) {
+            ggml_backend_tensor_get(&info.t, buf.data(), 0, nbytes);
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(info.t.data);
+            memcpy(buf.data(), info.t.data, nbytes);
+        }
+        write(buf);
+
+        pad(alignment);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename writer_t>
+static void gguf_write_out(const struct gguf_context * ctx, writer_t & gw, bool only_meta) {
     const int64_t n_kv      = gguf_get_n_kv(ctx);
     const int64_t n_tensors = gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx);
 
@@ -1310,7 +1495,7 @@ void gguf_write_to_buf(const struct gguf_context * ctx, std::vector<int8_t> & bu
         return;
     }
 
-    const size_t offset_data = gw.buf.size();
+    const size_t offset_data = gw.written_bytes;
 
     // write tensor data
     for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_tensors; ++i) {
@@ -1318,6 +1503,11 @@ void gguf_write_to_buf(const struct gguf_context * ctx, std::vector<int8_t> & bu
     }
 }
 
+void gguf_write_to_buf(const struct gguf_context * ctx, std::vector<int8_t> & buf, bool only_meta) {
+    gguf_writer_buf gw(buf);
+    gguf_write_out(ctx, gw, only_meta);
+}
+
 bool gguf_write_to_file(const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * fname, bool only_meta) {
     FILE * file = ggml_fopen(fname, "wb");
 
@@ -1326,11 +1516,17 @@ bool gguf_write_to_file(const struct gguf_context * ctx, const char * fname, boo
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::vector<int8_t> buf;
-    gguf_write_to_buf(ctx, buf, only_meta);
-    const bool ok = fwrite(buf.data(), 1, buf.size(), file) == buf.size();
+    try {
+        gguf_writer_file gw(file);
+        gguf_write_out(ctx, gw, only_meta);
+    } catch (const std::runtime_error& ex) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to write GGUF data into '%s': %s\n", __func__, fname, ex.what());
+        fclose(file);
+        return false;
+    }
+
     fclose(file);
-    return ok;
+    return true;
 }
 
 size_t gguf_get_meta_size(const struct gguf_context * ctx) {
diff --git a/include/whisper.h b/include/whisper.h
index f56988cb595..85091e02fea 100644
--- a/include/whisper.h
+++ b/include/whisper.h
@@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ extern "C" {
         float samples_overlap;         // Overlap in seconds when copying audio samples from speech segment.
     } whisper_vad_params;
 
+    WHISPER_API const char * whisper_version(void);
+
     // Various functions for loading a ggml whisper model.
     // Allocate (almost) all memory needed for the model.
     // Return NULL on failure
@@ -523,6 +525,7 @@ extern "C" {
         // use whisper_tokenize() to convert text to tokens
         // maximum of whisper_n_text_ctx()/2 tokens are used (typically 224)
         const char * initial_prompt;
+        bool carry_initial_prompt; // if true, always prepend initial_prompt to every decode window (may reduce conditioning on previous text)
         const whisper_token * prompt_tokens;
         int prompt_n_tokens;
 
diff --git a/models/convert-whisper-to-openvino.py b/models/convert-whisper-to-openvino.py
index 3124dd3d7cf..a17e535550d 100644
--- a/models/convert-whisper-to-openvino.py
+++ b/models/convert-whisper-to-openvino.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import torch
 from whisper import load_model
 import os
-from openvino.tools import mo
 from openvino.frontend import FrontEndManager
 from openvino.runtime import serialize
 import shutil
diff --git a/models/download-ggml-model.cmd b/models/download-ggml-model.cmd
index ce7a15b5862..d8c2e6a7f9c 100644
--- a/models/download-ggml-model.cmd
+++ b/models/download-ggml-model.cmd
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ tiny.en tiny.en-q5_1 tiny.en-q8_0 ^
 base base-q5_1 base-q8_0 ^
 base.en base.en-q5_1 base.en-q8_0 ^
 small small-q5_1 small-q8_0 ^
-small.en small.en-q5_1 small.en-q8_0 ^
+small.en small.en-q5_1 small.en-q8_0 small.en-tdrz ^
 medium medium-q5_0 medium-q8_0 ^
 medium.en medium.en-q5_0 medium.en-q8_0 ^
 large-v1 ^
@@ -74,8 +74,13 @@ if exist "%models_path%\\ggml-%model%.bin" (
   echo Model %model% already exists. Skipping download.
   goto :eof
 )
+echo %model% | findstr tdrz
+if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
+ PowerShell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-%model%.bin -Destination \"%models_path%\\ggml-%model%.bin\""
+) else (
+  PowerShell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://huggingface.co/akashmjn/tinydiarize-whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-%model%.bin -Destination \"%models_path%\\ggml-%model%.bin\""
 
-PowerShell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://huggingface.co/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/resolve/main/ggml-%model%.bin -Destination \"%models_path%\\ggml-%model%.bin\""
+)
 
 if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
   echo Failed to download ggml model %model%
diff --git a/models/download-ggml-model.sh b/models/download-ggml-model.sh
index ef9c90dab67..f1394e98484 100755
--- a/models/download-ggml-model.sh
+++ b/models/download-ggml-model.sh
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ fi
 
 if [ -x "$(command -v wget2)" ]; then
     wget2 --no-config --progress bar -O ggml-"$model".bin $src/$pfx-"$model".bin
-elif [ -x "$(command -v wget)" ]; then
-    wget --no-config --quiet --show-progress -O ggml-"$model".bin $src/$pfx-"$model".bin
 elif [ -x "$(command -v curl)" ]; then
     curl -L --output ggml-"$model".bin $src/$pfx-"$model".bin
+elif [ -x "$(command -v wget)" ]; then
+    wget --no-config --quiet --show-progress -O ggml-"$model".bin $src/$pfx-"$model".bin
 else
-    printf "Either wget or curl is required to download models.\n"
+    printf "Either wget2, curl, or wget is required to download models.\n"
     exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/models/download-vad-model.cmd b/models/download-vad-model.cmd
index a2fa71f7c91..15b4c295a72 100644
--- a/models/download-vad-model.cmd
+++ b/models/download-vad-model.cmd
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ rem Count number of arguments passed to script
 set argc=0
 for %%x in (%*) do set /A argc+=1
 
-set models=silero-v5.1.2
+set models=silero-v5.1.2 silero-v6.2.0
 
 rem If argc is not equal to 1 or 2, print usage information and exit
 if %argc% NEQ 1 (
diff --git a/models/download-vad-model.sh b/models/download-vad-model.sh
index ef32289e612..a4ac5203b24 100755
--- a/models/download-vad-model.sh
+++ b/models/download-vad-model.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ esac
 models_path="${2:-$default_download_path}"
 
 # Whisper VAD models
-models="silero-v5.1.2"
+models="silero-v5.1.2 silero-v6.2.0"
 
 # list available models
 list_models() {
diff --git a/models/for-tests-silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin b/models/for-tests-silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin
deleted file mode 100644
index c5ddfb53747..00000000000
Binary files a/models/for-tests-silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/models/for-tests-silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin b/models/for-tests-silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e08fad67d94
Binary files /dev/null and b/models/for-tests-silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin differ
diff --git a/models/requirements-openvino.txt b/models/requirements-openvino.txt
index 5bfd95db88e..707fa58ab30 100644
--- a/models/requirements-openvino.txt
+++ b/models/requirements-openvino.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-openvino-dev[pytorch,onnx]
-openai-whisper
\ No newline at end of file
+openvino>=2023.3.0
+openai-whisper
diff --git a/scripts/bench-all-gg.txt b/scripts/bench-all-gg.txt
index ad543c22313..220bd4c98b8 100644
--- a/scripts/bench-all-gg.txt
+++ b/scripts/bench-all-gg.txt
@@ -45,20 +45,20 @@ Running ggml_mul_mat benchmark with 1 threads
 
 |    CPU | Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
 |    --- |    --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |          tiny |   1 |   0 |   39.21 |    1.74 |    0.61 |    0.04 | 22c96b4 |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |          base |   1 |   0 |   70.76 |    2.60 |    0.93 |    0.06 | 22c96b4 |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |         small |   1 |   0 |  217.28 |    6.42 |    2.14 |    0.17 | 22c96b4 |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |        medium |   1 |   0 |  596.74 |   14.43 |    4.75 |    0.45 | 22c96b4 |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |          tiny |   1 |   0 |   32.44 |    1.71 |    0.43 |    0.04 | 8a67c55c |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |          base |   1 |   0 |   63.54 |    2.62 |    0.71 |    0.06 | 8a67c55c |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |         small |   1 |   0 |  200.30 |    5.34 |    1.72 |    0.17 | 8a67c55c |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |        medium |   1 |   0 |  580.06 |   11.71 |    4.18 |    0.45 | 8a67c55c |
 
 
 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 1
 
 |    CPU | Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
 |    --- |    --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |          tiny |   1 |   1 |   30.77 |    1.59 |    0.54 |    0.03 | 22c96b4 |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |          base |   1 |   1 |   60.42 |    2.29 |    0.81 |    0.05 | 22c96b4 |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |         small |   1 |   1 |  183.82 |    5.12 |    1.81 |    0.14 | 22c96b4 |
-| M1 Pro |  METAL |        medium |   1 |   1 |  517.92 |   11.60 |    4.01 |    0.38 | 22c96b4 |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |          tiny |   1 |   1 |   22.09 |    1.84 |    0.43 |    0.03 | 8a67c55c |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |          base |   1 |   1 |   40.57 |    2.22 |    0.44 |    0.04 | 8a67c55c |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |         small |   1 |   1 |  135.15 |    4.23 |    0.95 |    0.12 | 8a67c55c |
+| M1 Pro |  METAL |        medium |   1 |   1 |  395.18 |    9.14 |    2.21 |    0.30 | 8a67c55c |
 
 
 ## M2 Ultra
@@ -109,64 +109,63 @@ Running ggml_mul_mat benchmark with 1 threads
 
 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 0
 
-|      CPU | Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
-|      --- |    --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          tiny |   1 |   0 |    8.74 |    1.20 |    0.36 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_0 |   1 |   0 |   10.30 |    1.15 |    0.38 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_1 |   1 |   0 |   10.71 |    1.13 |    0.38 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |    9.97 |    1.12 |    0.37 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          base |   1 |   0 |   16.77 |    1.71 |    0.44 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_0 |   1 |   0 |   16.92 |    1.63 |    0.44 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_1 |   1 |   0 |   16.84 |    1.63 |    0.44 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |   16.12 |    1.63 |    0.44 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |         small |   1 |   0 |   45.29 |    3.44 |    0.92 |    0.05 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_0 |   1 |   0 |   50.43 |    3.34 |    0.94 |    0.06 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_1 |   1 |   0 |   50.49 |    3.35 |    0.93 |    0.06 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |   47.37 |    3.20 |    0.91 |    0.05 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |        medium |   1 |   0 |  122.81 |    7.39 |    1.99 |    0.12 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_0 |   1 |   0 |  140.62 |    6.73 |    2.03 |    0.14 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_1 |   1 |   0 |  140.44 |    6.74 |    2.04 |    0.14 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |  131.05 |    6.54 |    1.95 |    0.13 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    medium-dis |   1 |   0 |  110.95 |    0.99 |    0.24 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |      large-v2 |   1 |   0 |  222.19 |   10.93 |    3.01 |    0.21 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_0 |   1 |   0 |  258.47 |    9.75 |    3.01 |    0.25 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_1 |   1 |   0 |  258.40 |    9.85 |    3.01 |    0.24 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |  236.68 |    9.61 |    2.85 |    0.23 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |  large-v2-dis |   1 |   0 |  199.28 |    1.12 |    0.27 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo |   1 |   0 |  201.49 |    1.76 |    0.45 |    0.03 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   1 |   0 |  233.70 |    1.55 |    0.46 |    0.04 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |  214.20 |    1.51 |    0.44 |    0.04 | ad4e350 |
-
+|      CPU | Config |         Model       |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|      --- |    --- |           ---       | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          tiny       |   1 |   0 |    8.57 |    1.12 |    0.27 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_0       |   1 |   0 |    9.17 |    1.10 |    0.28 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_1       |   1 |   0 |    9.16 |    1.09 |    0.28 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |    8.81 |    1.12 |    0.27 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          base       |   1 |   0 |   15.60 |    1.61 |    0.41 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_0       |   1 |   0 |   16.75 |    1.54 |    0.42 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_1       |   1 |   0 |   16.64 |    1.54 |    0.43 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |   16.09 |    1.55 |    0.41 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |         small       |   1 |   0 |   46.74 |    3.13 |    0.89 |    0.05 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_0       |   1 |   0 |   51.57 |    3.03 |    0.91 |    0.06 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_1       |   1 |   0 |   51.85 |    3.03 |    0.92 |    0.06 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |   48.34 |    3.01 |    0.89 |    0.06 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |        medium       |   1 |   0 |  125.82 |    6.46 |    2.01 |    0.12 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_0       |   1 |   0 |  143.44 |    5.97 |    2.07 |    0.14 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_1       |   1 |   0 |  143.41 |    5.97 |    2.09 |    0.14 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |  131.23 |    6.30 |    2.01 |    0.13 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    medium-dis       |   1 |   0 |  114.07 |    0.90 |    0.25 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |      large-v2       |   1 |   0 |  240.73 |    9.46 |    3.21 |    0.21 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_0       |   1 |   0 |  276.56 |    8.62 |    3.16 |    0.25 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_1       |   1 |   0 |  275.90 |    8.98 |    3.16 |    0.25 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |  251.00 |    9.10 |    3.02 |    0.22 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |  large-v2-dis       |   1 |   0 |  217.43 |    1.01 |    0.28 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo      |   1 |   0 |  218.39 |    1.55 |    0.47 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   1 |   0 |  249.41 |    1.39 |    0.47 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |  227.54 |    1.43 |    0.45 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
 
 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 1
 
-|      CPU | Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
-|      --- |    --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          tiny |   1 |   1 |    7.82 |    1.31 |    0.35 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_0 |   1 |   1 |    8.32 |    1.28 |    0.37 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_1 |   1 |   1 |    8.21 |    1.28 |    0.37 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |    7.97 |    1.23 |    0.36 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          base |   1 |   1 |   13.96 |    1.80 |    0.42 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_0 |   1 |   1 |   15.19 |    1.75 |    0.42 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_1 |   1 |   1 |   15.09 |    1.75 |    0.42 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |   14.45 |    1.70 |    0.41 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |         small |   1 |   1 |   40.08 |    3.54 |    0.86 |    0.05 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_0 |   1 |   1 |   45.07 |    3.51 |    0.88 |    0.05 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_1 |   1 |   1 |   45.05 |    3.52 |    0.88 |    0.05 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |   42.04 |    3.34 |    0.85 |    0.05 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |        medium |   1 |   1 |  107.20 |    7.28 |    1.79 |    0.11 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_0 |   1 |   1 |  125.02 |    6.67 |    1.83 |    0.12 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_1 |   1 |   1 |  124.83 |    6.70 |    1.84 |    0.12 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |  114.56 |    6.53 |    1.79 |    0.11 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    medium-dis |   1 |   1 |   95.96 |    1.01 |    0.23 |    0.01 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |      large-v2 |   1 |   1 |  194.29 |   10.57 |    2.67 |    0.20 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_0 |   1 |   1 |  230.74 |    9.57 |    2.73 |    0.23 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_1 |   1 |   1 |  229.97 |    9.69 |    2.74 |    0.23 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |  208.11 |    9.37 |    2.60 |    0.21 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |  large-v2-dis |   1 |   1 |  172.72 |    1.12 |    0.26 |    0.02 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo |   1 |   1 |  174.46 |    1.74 |    0.42 |    0.03 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   1 |   1 |  205.78 |    1.54 |    0.42 |    0.04 | ad4e350 |
-| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |  186.33 |    1.50 |    0.40 |    0.03 | ad4e350 |
+|      CPU | Config |         Model       |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|      --- |    --- |           ---       | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          tiny       |   1 |   1 |    6.06 |    0.96 |    0.22 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_0       |   1 |   1 |    6.51 |    0.93 |    0.22 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q5_1       |   1 |   1 |    6.47 |    0.93 |    0.23 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     tiny-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |    6.16 |    0.94 |    0.21 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |          base       |   1 |   1 |   10.63 |    1.37 |    0.32 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_0       |   1 |   1 |   11.75 |    1.27 |    0.33 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q5_1       |   1 |   1 |   11.73 |    1.25 |    0.33 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |     base-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   11.17 |    1.28 |    0.32 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |         small       |   1 |   1 |   31.74 |    2.55 |    0.67 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_0       |   1 |   1 |   36.21 |    2.47 |    0.69 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q5_1       |   1 |   1 |   36.22 |    2.47 |    0.70 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    small-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   32.73 |    2.45 |    0.66 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |        medium       |   1 |   1 |   86.94 |    5.21 |    1.49 |    0.09 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_0       |   1 |   1 |  104.31 |    4.93 |    1.51 |    0.10 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q5_1       |   1 |   1 |  104.09 |    4.98 |    1.51 |    0.10 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |   medium-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   92.13 |    5.06 |    1.45 |    0.09 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |    medium-dis       |   1 |   1 |   76.67 |    0.81 |    0.20 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |      large-v2       |   1 |   1 |  167.66 |    7.56 |    2.25 |    0.16 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_0       |   1 |   1 |  203.09 |    7.13 |    2.29 |    0.20 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q5_1       |   1 |   1 |  202.53 |    7.12 |    2.29 |    0.20 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v2-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |  177.48 |    6.94 |    2.18 |    0.17 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL |  large-v2-dis       |   1 |   1 |  145.61 |    0.91 |    0.23 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo      |   1 |   1 |  146.95 |    1.33 |    0.36 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   1 |   1 |  178.57 |    1.17 |    0.36 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
+| M2 ULTRA |  METAL | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |  156.19 |    1.21 |    0.34 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
 
 
 ## M4 Max
@@ -217,69 +216,159 @@ Running ggml_mul_mat benchmark with 1 threads
 
 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 0
 
-|    CPU |  Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
-|    --- |     --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |          tiny |   1 |   0 |   13.12 |    0.87 |    0.29 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |     tiny-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |   15.90 |    0.88 |    0.31 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |          base |   1 |   0 |   23.10 |    1.42 |    0.34 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |     base-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |   27.25 |    1.31 |    0.34 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |         small |   1 |   0 |   71.76 |    3.02 |    0.70 |    0.06 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |    small-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |   73.88 |    2.60 |    0.71 |    0.06 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |        medium |   1 |   0 |  208.22 |    6.94 |    1.55 |    0.16 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |   medium-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |  214.65 |    5.90 |    1.57 |    0.17 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |      large-v2 |   1 |   0 |  381.72 |   11.28 |    2.51 |    0.29 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v2-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |  394.97 |    8.90 |    2.45 |    0.30 | ad4e3509 |
+|    CPU |  Config |         Model  |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|    --- |     --- |           ---  | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |          tiny  |   1 |   0 |   10.75 |    0.87 |    0.24 |    0.01 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |     tiny-q8_0  |   1 |   0 |   11.15 |    0.85 |    0.24 |    0.01 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |          base  |   1 |   0 |   20.12 |    1.34 |    0.36 |    0.02 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |     base-q8_0  |   1 |   0 |   20.40 |    1.25 |    0.37 |    0.02 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |         small  |   1 |   0 |   63.80 |    2.75 |    0.77 |    0.06 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |    small-q8_0  |   1 |   0 |   65.46 |    2.43 |    0.77 |    0.06 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |        medium  |   1 |   0 |  184.43 |    6.21 |    1.82 |    0.15 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |   medium-q8_0  |   1 |   0 |  190.19 |    5.76 |    1.86 |    0.15 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |      large-v2  |   1 |   0 |  344.05 |   10.64 |    3.07 |    0.26 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v2-q8_0  |   1 |   0 |  355.43 |    8.83 |    3.03 |    0.27 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v3-turbo |   1 |   0 |  306.64 |    1.82 |    0.49 |    0.04 | 47af2fb7 |
+
+
+make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 1
+
+|    CPU |  Config |         Model  |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|    --- |     --- |           ---  | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |          tiny  |   1 |   1 |    8.23 |    0.71 |    0.16 |    0.01 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |     tiny-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |    8.47 |    0.67 |    0.16 |    0.01 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |          base  |   1 |   1 |   15.47 |    1.12 |    0.26 |    0.02 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |     base-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |   15.70 |    1.05 |    0.27 |    0.02 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |         small  |   1 |   1 |   49.82 |    2.37 |    0.53 |    0.05 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |    small-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |   51.76 |    1.99 |    0.53 |    0.05 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |        medium  |   1 |   1 |  147.76 |    5.52 |    1.27 |    0.12 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |   medium-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |  153.98 |    4.59 |    1.24 |    0.13 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |      large-v2  |   1 |   1 |  282.89 |    9.06 |    2.11 |    0.22 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v2-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |  296.43 |    7.44 |    2.09 |    0.23 | 47fcd7da |
+| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v3-turbo |   1 |   1 |  249.91 |    1.65 |    0.38 |    0.04 | 47fcd7da |
+
+|    CPU |  Config |         Model  |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|    --- |     --- |           ---  | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |          tiny  |   1 |   1 |    8.23 |    0.72 |    0.16 |    0.01 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |     tiny-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |    8.38 |    0.68 |    0.16 |    0.01 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |          base  |   1 |   1 |   15.66 |    1.16 |    0.26 |    0.02 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |     base-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |   15.88 |    1.08 |    0.27 |    0.02 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |         small  |   1 |   1 |   50.34 |    2.38 |    0.54 |    0.05 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |    small-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |   51.90 |    1.98 |    0.54 |    0.05 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |        medium  |   1 |   1 |  149.55 |    5.59 |    1.30 |    0.12 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |   medium-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |  154.34 |    4.65 |    1.28 |    0.13 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL |      large-v2  |   1 |   1 |  291.28 |    9.16 |    2.14 |    0.22 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v2-q8_0  |   1 |   1 |  301.06 |    7.21 |    2.08 |    0.23 | 47af2fb7 |
+| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v3-turbo |   1 |   1 |  256.23 |    1.61 |    0.38 |    0.04 | 47af2fb7 |
+
+
+# RTX 5090
+
+make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 0
+
+|      GPU | Config |         Model       |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|      --- |    --- |           ---       | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |          tiny       |   1 |   0 |    2.20 |    0.51 |    0.13 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |     tiny-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |    2.35 |    0.52 |    0.14 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |          base       |   1 |   0 |    3.97 |    0.77 |    0.20 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |     base-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |    4.20 |    0.73 |    0.20 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |         small       |   1 |   0 |   11.87 |    1.48 |    0.40 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |    small-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |   12.40 |    1.59 |    0.42 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |        medium       |   1 |   0 |   32.63 |    3.11 |    0.82 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |   medium-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |   31.80 |    3.23 |    0.84 |    0.05 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |      large-v2       |   1 |   0 |   52.22 |    4.66 |    1.18 |    0.06 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA | large-v2-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |   51.11 |    4.37 |    1.15 |    0.07 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo      |   1 |   0 |   48.72 |    0.70 |    0.18 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |   47.81 |    0.64 |    0.16 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+
+make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 1
+
+|      GPU | Config |         Model       |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|      --- |    --- |           ---       | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |          tiny       |   1 |   1 |    1.37 |    0.44 |    0.11 |    0.00 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |     tiny-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |    1.48 |    0.44 |    0.12 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |          base       |   1 |   1 |    2.34 |    0.66 |    0.16 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |     base-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |    2.51 |    0.62 |    0.17 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |         small       |   1 |   1 |    5.53 |    1.23 |    0.32 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |    small-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |    5.88 |    1.35 |    0.33 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |        medium       |   1 |   1 |   15.09 |    2.55 |    0.65 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |   medium-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   14.06 |    2.72 |    0.67 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA |      large-v2       |   1 |   1 |   23.24 |    3.94 |    0.97 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA | large-v2-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   22.00 |    3.68 |    0.93 |    0.05 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo      |   1 |   1 |   19.81 |    0.62 |    0.15 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| RTX 5090 |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |   18.62 |    0.56 |    0.14 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+
+
+# DGX Spark
+
+make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 0
 
+|      GPU | Config |         Model       |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|      --- |    --- |           ---       | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |          tiny       |   1 |   0 |    9.00 |    0.85 |    0.14 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |     tiny-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |    8.86 |    0.83 |    0.12 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |          base       |   1 |   0 |   18.48 |    1.38 |    0.22 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |     base-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |   17.28 |    1.22 |    0.19 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |         small       |   1 |   0 |   56.43 |    3.01 |    0.51 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |    small-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |   55.70 |    2.68 |    0.44 |    0.04 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |        medium       |   1 |   0 |  160.20 |    7.52 |    1.25 |    0.11 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |   medium-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |  150.84 |    6.01 |    1.01 |    0.12 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |      large-v2       |   1 |   0 |  276.42 |   12.29 |    2.16 |    0.20 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA | large-v2-q8_0       |   1 |   0 |  264.92 |    9.32 |    1.67 |    0.20 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo      |   1 |   0 |  264.90 |    2.03 |    0.37 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   0 |  253.56 |    1.48 |    0.27 |    0.03 | f5b477ab |
 
 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 1 1 1
 
-|    CPU |  Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
-|    --- |     --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |          tiny |   1 |   1 |   15.22 |    0.89 |    0.26 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |     tiny-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |   14.70 |    0.86 |    0.26 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |          base |   1 |   1 |   25.33 |    1.36 |    0.30 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |     base-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |   21.27 |    1.31 |    0.30 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |         small |   1 |   1 |   58.43 |    2.78 |    0.60 |    0.05 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |    small-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |   60.26 |    2.39 |    0.60 |    0.05 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |        medium |   1 |   1 |  169.73 |    6.03 |    1.31 |    0.14 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |   medium-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |  176.61 |    4.99 |    1.31 |    0.14 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL |      large-v2 |   1 |   1 |  316.18 |    9.60 |    2.08 |    0.24 | ad4e3509 |
-| M4 Max |   METAL | large-v2-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |  329.59 |    7.55 |    2.08 |    0.25 | ad4e3509 |
+|      GPU | Config |         Model       |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
+|      --- |    --- |           ---       | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |          tiny       |   1 |   1 |    2.63 |    0.76 |    0.13 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |     tiny-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |    2.46 |    0.73 |    0.11 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |          base       |   1 |   1 |    4.96 |    1.24 |    0.20 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |     base-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |    4.23 |    1.08 |    0.17 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |         small       |   1 |   1 |   16.26 |    2.73 |    0.47 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |    small-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   14.94 |    2.38 |    0.39 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |        medium       |   1 |   1 |   51.81 |    6.94 |    1.22 |    0.05 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |   medium-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   41.51 |    5.44 |    0.93 |    0.05 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA |      large-v2       |   1 |   1 |   98.54 |   11.53 |    2.05 |    0.08 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA | large-v2-q8_0       |   1 |   1 |   91.61 |    8.49 |    1.55 |    0.08 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo      |   1 |   1 |   87.20 |    1.94 |    0.36 |    0.02 | f5b477ab |
+| DGX Spk. |   CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q8_0 |   1 |   1 |   80.28 |    1.38 |    0.26 |    0.01 | f5b477ab |
 
 
 # V100
 
-WHISPER_CUDA=1 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 8 1 0
+GGML_CUDA=1 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 8 1 0
 
 |  GPU |    Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
 |  --- |       --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          tiny |   8 |   0 |    6.15 |    1.02 |    0.30 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     tiny-q5_1 |   8 |   0 |    5.92 |    0.96 |    0.25 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          base |   8 |   0 |   10.60 |    1.43 |    0.43 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     base-q5_1 |   8 |   0 |   10.80 |    1.37 |    0.36 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |         small |   8 |   0 |   31.83 |    2.82 |    0.87 |    0.04 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |    small-q5_1 |   8 |   0 |   31.88 |    2.68 |    0.72 |    0.04 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |        medium |   8 |   0 |   81.30 |    6.02 |    1.81 |    0.09 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |   medium-q5_0 |   8 |   0 |   83.21 |    5.44 |    1.41 |    0.10 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |      large-v2 |   8 |   0 |  134.81 |    8.64 |    2.69 |    0.14 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v2-q5_0 |   8 |   0 |  138.95 |    7.57 |    2.04 |    0.15 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo |   8 |   0 |  124.42 |    1.37 |    0.43 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   8 |   0 |  127.81 |    1.13 |    0.32 |    0.03 | ad4e3509 |
-
-
-WHISPER_CUDA=1 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 8 1 1
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          tiny |   8 |   0 |    5.99 |    1.01 |    0.30 |    0.01 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     tiny-q5_1 |   8 |   0 |    6.07 |    1.00 |    0.26 |    0.01 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          base |   8 |   0 |   10.96 |    1.44 |    0.43 |    0.02 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     base-q5_1 |   8 |   0 |   11.11 |    1.41 |    0.37 |    0.02 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |         small |   8 |   0 |   31.04 |    2.84 |    0.86 |    0.04 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |    small-q5_1 |   8 |   0 |   31.69 |    2.82 |    0.71 |    0.04 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |        medium |   8 |   0 |   83.95 |    6.05 |    1.82 |    0.09 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |   medium-q5_0 |   8 |   0 |   85.86 |    5.58 |    1.45 |    0.10 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |      large-v2 |   8 |   0 |  138.50 |    8.70 |    2.71 |    0.15 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v2-q5_0 |   8 |   0 |  142.31 |    7.82 |    2.03 |    0.16 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo |   8 |   0 |  128.39 |    1.42 |    0.44 |    0.02 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   8 |   0 |  131.24 |    1.17 |    0.33 |    0.03 | dc8dda60 |
+
+
+GGML_CUDA=1 make -j && ./scripts/bench-all.sh 8 1 1
 
 |  GPU |    Config |         Model |  Th |  FA |    Enc. |    Dec. |    Bch5 |      PP |  Commit |
 |  --- |       --- |           --- | --- | --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |     --- |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          tiny |   8 |   1 |    4.01 |    0.90 |    0.25 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     tiny-q5_1 |   8 |   1 |    4.12 |    0.88 |    0.18 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          base |   8 |   1 |    7.00 |    1.30 |    0.35 |    0.01 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     base-q5_1 |   8 |   1 |    7.22 |    1.21 |    0.26 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |         small |   8 |   1 |   18.68 |    2.39 |    0.69 |    0.03 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |    small-q5_1 |   8 |   1 |   19.38 |    2.32 |    0.51 |    0.03 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |        medium |   8 |   1 |   53.17 |    5.15 |    1.45 |    0.06 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |   medium-q5_0 |   8 |   1 |   55.09 |    4.64 |    1.05 |    0.07 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |      large-v2 |   8 |   1 |   85.77 |    7.57 |    2.19 |    0.10 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v2-q5_0 |   8 |   1 |   89.24 |    6.48 |    1.48 |    0.11 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo |   8 |   1 |   75.56 |    1.25 |    0.37 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
-| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   8 |   1 |   78.48 |    1.01 |    0.24 |    0.02 | ad4e3509 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          tiny |   8 |   1 |    4.85 |    0.97 |    0.26 |    0.01 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     tiny-q5_1 |   8 |   1 |    4.97 |    0.89 |    0.19 |    0.01 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |          base |   8 |   1 |    7.23 |    1.28 |    0.35 |    0.02 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |     base-q5_1 |   8 |   1 |    7.38 |    1.24 |    0.26 |    0.02 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |         small |   8 |   1 |   20.87 |    2.44 |    0.71 |    0.03 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |    small-q5_1 |   8 |   1 |   19.80 |    2.35 |    0.51 |    0.03 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |        medium |   8 |   1 |   54.56 |    5.31 |    1.46 |    0.06 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |   medium-q5_0 |   8 |   1 |   56.09 |    4.67 |    1.05 |    0.07 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA |      large-v2 |   8 |   1 |   87.05 |    7.65 |    2.16 |    0.10 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v2-q5_0 |   8 |   1 |   94.65 |    6.60 |    1.47 |    0.11 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo |   8 |   1 |   76.46 |    1.29 |    0.37 |    0.02 | dc8dda60 |
+| V100 | AVX2 CUDA | large-v3-turbo-q5_0 |   8 |   1 |   79.62 |    1.03 |    0.23 |    0.02 | dc8dda60 |
diff --git a/scripts/bench-all.sh b/scripts/bench-all.sh
index 01d6143ce31..7a0d0c8764b 100755
--- a/scripts/bench-all.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench-all.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fi
 
 fattn=""
 if [ -z "$3" ] || [ "$3" -eq 0 ]; then
-    fattn=""
+    fattn="-nfa"
 else
     fattn="-fa"
 fi
@@ -100,10 +100,14 @@ for model in "${models[@]}"; do
 
     if [[ $system_info == *"CUDA = 1"* ]]; then
         config="$config CUDA"
+    elif [[ $system_info == *"CUDA : ARCHS"* ]]; then
+        config="$config CUDA"
     fi
 
-    if [[ $system_info == *"METAL = 1"* ]]; then
-        config="$config METAL"
+    if [[ $system_info == *"MTL = 1"* ]]; then
+        config="$config MTL"
+    elif [[ $system_info == *"MTL : EMBED_LIBRARY = 1"* ]]; then
+        config="$config MTL"
     fi
 
     commit=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
diff --git a/scripts/gen-authors.sh b/scripts/gen-authors.sh
index 3ef8391cc9c..73e7b386f97 100755
--- a/scripts/gen-authors.sh
+++ b/scripts/gen-authors.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 printf "# date: $(date)\n" > AUTHORS
 printf "# this file is auto-generated by scripts/gen-authors.sh\n\n" >> AUTHORS
diff --git a/scripts/sync-ggml-am.sh b/scripts/sync-ggml-am.sh
index 924f67ee5b5..bc7c1b2fe15 100755
--- a/scripts/sync-ggml-am.sh
+++ b/scripts/sync-ggml-am.sh
@@ -60,22 +60,8 @@ while read c; do
         cmake/common.cmake \
         cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in \
         src/ggml-cpu/cmake/FindSIMD.cmake \
-        src/ggml*.h \
-        src/ggml*.c \
-        src/ggml*.cpp \
-        src/gguf*.cpp \
-        src/ggml-blas/* \
-        src/ggml-cann/* \
-        src/ggml-cpu/* \
-        src/ggml-cuda/* \
-        src/ggml-hip/* \
-        src/ggml-kompute/* \
-        src/ggml-metal/* \
-        src/ggml-musa/* \
-        src/ggml-opencl/* \
-        src/ggml-rpc/* \
-        src/ggml-sycl/* \
-        src/ggml-vulkan/* \
+        src/ggml* \
+        src/gguf* \
         include/ggml*.h \
         include/gguf*.h \
         examples/common.h \
@@ -118,22 +104,8 @@ if [ -f $SRC_WHISPER/ggml-src.patch ]; then
     # cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in        -> ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in
     # src/ggml-cpu/cmake/FindSIMD.cmake -> ggml/src/ggml-cpu/cmake/FindSIMD.cmake
     #
-    # src/ggml*.c          -> ggml/src/ggml*.c
-    # src/ggml*.cpp        -> ggml/src/ggml*.cpp
-    # src/ggml*.h          -> ggml/src/ggml*.h
-    # src/gguf*.cpp        -> ggml/src/gguf*.cpp
-    # src/ggml-blas/*      -> ggml/src/ggml-blas/*
-    # src/ggml-cann/*      -> ggml/src/ggml-cann/*
-    # src/ggml-cpu/*       -> ggml/src/ggml-cpu/*
-    # src/ggml-cuda/*      -> ggml/src/ggml-cuda/*
-    # src/ggml-hip/*       -> ggml/src/ggml-hip/*
-    # src/ggml-kompute/*   -> ggml/src/ggml-kompute/*
-    # src/ggml-metal/*     -> ggml/src/ggml-metal/*
-    # src/ggml-musa/*      -> ggml/src/ggml-musa/*
-    # src/ggml-opencl/*     > ggml/src/ggml-opencl/*
-    # src/ggml-rpc/*       -> ggml/src/ggml-rpc/*
-    # src/ggml-sycl/*      -> ggml/src/ggml-sycl/*
-    # src/ggml-vulkan/*    -> ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/*
+    # src/ggml* -> ggml/src/ggml*.c
+    # src/gguf* -> ggml/src/gguf*.c
     #
     # include/ggml*.h -> ggml/include/ggml*.h
     # include/gguf*.h -> ggml/include/gguf*.h
@@ -154,22 +126,8 @@ if [ -f $SRC_WHISPER/ggml-src.patch ]; then
         -e 's/(^[[:space:]]| [ab]\/)cmake\/common.cmake/\1ggml\/cmake\/common.cmake/g' \
         -e 's/(^[[:space:]]| [ab]\/)cmake\/ggml-config.cmake.in/\1ggml\/cmake\/ggml-config.cmake.in/g' \
         -e 's/(^[[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-cpu\/cmake\/FindSIMD.cmake/\1ggml\/src\/ggml-cpu\/cmake\/FindSIMD.cmake/g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml(.*)\.c/\1ggml\/src\/ggml\2.c/g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml(.*)\.cpp/\1ggml\/src\/ggml\2.cpp/g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml(.*)\.h/\1ggml\/src\/ggml\2.h/g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/gguf(.*)\.cpp/\1ggml\/src\/gguf\2.cpp/g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-blas\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-blas\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-cann\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-cann\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-cpu\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-cpu\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-cuda\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-cuda\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-hip\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-hip\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-kompute\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-kompute\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-metal\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-metal\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-musa\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-musa\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-opencl\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-opencl\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-rpc\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-rpc\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-sycl\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-sycl\//g' \
-        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml-vulkan\//\1ggml\/src\/ggml-vulkan\//g' \
+        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/ggml(.*)/\1ggml\/src\/ggml\2/g' \
+        -e 's/([[:space:]]| [ab]\/)src\/gguf(.*)/\1ggml\/src\/gguf\2/g' \
         -e 's/(^[[:space:]]| [ab]\/)include\/ggml(.*)\.h/\1ggml\/include\/ggml\2.h/g' \
         -e 's/(^[[:space:]]| [ab]\/)include\/gguf(.*)\.h/\1ggml\/include\/gguf\2.h/g' \
         -e 's/(^[[:space:]]| [ab]\/)examples\/common\.h/\1examples\/common.h/g' \
diff --git a/scripts/sync-ggml.last b/scripts/sync-ggml.last
index 2adba33a32f..6557fb46cbe 100644
--- a/scripts/sync-ggml.last
+++ b/scripts/sync-ggml.last
@@ -1 +1 @@
-4fb4fafad74e9a28849408d4f54eb94a244d303e
+c044a8eeae2591faa0950c8b5e514cbc4bbfc4ca
diff --git a/scripts/sync-ggml.sh b/scripts/sync-ggml.sh
index 00162daa05b..099d5445c8c 100755
--- a/scripts/sync-ggml.sh
+++ b/scripts/sync-ggml.sh
@@ -6,22 +6,8 @@ cp -rpv ../ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt   ./ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt
 cp -rpv ../ggml/cmake/*              ./ggml/cmake/
 cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-cpu/cmake/* ./ggml/src/ggml-cpu/cmake/
 
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml*.c        ./ggml/src/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml*.cpp      ./ggml/src/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml*.h        ./ggml/src/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/gguf*.cpp      ./ggml/src/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-blas/*    ./ggml/src/ggml-blas/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-cann/*    ./ggml/src/ggml-cann/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-cpu/*     ./ggml/src/ggml-cpu/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-cuda/*    ./ggml/src/ggml-cuda/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-hip/*     ./ggml/src/ggml-hip/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-kompute/* ./ggml/src/ggml-kompute/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-metal/*   ./ggml/src/ggml-metal/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-musa/*    ./ggml/src/ggml-musa/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-opencl/*  ./ggml/src/ggml-opencl/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-rpc/*     ./ggml/src/ggml-rpc/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-sycl/*    ./ggml/src/ggml-sycl/
-cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/*  ./ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/
+cp -rpv ../ggml/src/ggml* ./ggml/src/
+cp -rpv ../ggml/src/gguf* ./ggml/src/
 
 cp -rpv ../ggml/include/ggml*.h ./ggml/include/
 cp -rpv ../ggml/include/gguf*.h ./ggml/include/
diff --git a/scripts/sync-llama.sh b/scripts/sync-llama.sh
index d5450bdd5ac..b5428030822 100755
--- a/scripts/sync-llama.sh
+++ b/scripts/sync-llama.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ cp -rpv ../llama.cpp/include/llama.h ./examples/talk-llama/llama.h
 
 cp -rpv ../llama.cpp/src/llama*.cpp       ./examples/talk-llama/
 cp -rpv ../llama.cpp/src/llama*.h         ./examples/talk-llama/
+cp -rpv ../llama.cpp/src/models/*         ./examples/talk-llama/models/
 cp -rpv ../llama.cpp/src/unicode.h        ./examples/talk-llama/unicode.h
 cp -rpv ../llama.cpp/src/unicode.cpp      ./examples/talk-llama/unicode.cpp
 cp -rpv ../llama.cpp/src/unicode-data.h   ./examples/talk-llama/unicode-data.h
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 2eae0c66c78..095a2791de5 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ if (WHISPER_COREML)
         )
 
     set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES FOLDER "libs")
+    install(TARGETS ${TARGET} LIBRARY)
 endif()
 
 if (WHISPER_OPENVINO)
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ if (WHISPER_EXTRA_FLAGS)
     target_compile_options(whisper PRIVATE ${WHISPER_EXTRA_FLAGS})
 endif()
 
-target_link_libraries(whisper PUBLIC ggml)
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+target_link_libraries(whisper PUBLIC ggml Threads::Threads)
 
 if (WHISPER_COREML)
     target_link_libraries(whisper PRIVATE whisper.coreml)
diff --git a/src/whisper.cpp b/src/whisper.cpp
index 987465eae83..c4f912a9a4d 100644
--- a/src/whisper.cpp
+++ b/src/whisper.cpp
@@ -21,14 +21,12 @@
 #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
 #include <cmath>
 #include <climits>
-#include <codecvt>
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
-#include <mutex>
 #include <random>
 #include <regex>
 #include <set>
@@ -36,6 +34,10 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <codecvt>
+#endif
+
 #if defined(WHISPER_BIG_ENDIAN)
 template<typename T>
 static T byteswap(T value) {
@@ -138,6 +140,10 @@ static void whisper_log_callback_default(ggml_log_level level, const char * text
     } while (0)
 
 #define WHISPER_MAX_DECODERS 8
+
+// temperature below which we condition on past text history
+static constexpr float WHISPER_HISTORY_CONDITIONING_TEMP_CUTOFF = 0.5f;
+
 #define WHISPER_MAX_NODES 4096
 
 static std::string format(const char * fmt, ...) {
@@ -252,45 +258,6 @@ static void whisper_set_i32_nd(struct ggml_tensor * t, int64_t i0, int64_t i1, i
     *(int32_t *) data = v;
 }
 
-// faster matrix multiplications for tensors that do not have dimension 0 divisible by "pad"
-// the idea is to represent the original matrix multiplication:
-//
-//   Z = X @ Y
-//
-// with the sum of two matrix multiplications:
-//
-//   Z = (X_0 @ Y_0) + (X_1 @ Y_1)
-//
-// here X_0 and Y_0 are views of X and Y that have dimension 0 divisible by "pad"
-// and X_1 and Y_1 are the remaining views. X_1 and Y_1 end up being small matrices that can be processed with more
-// general-purpose kernels
-//
-static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mul_mat_pad(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * x, struct ggml_tensor * y, int pad = 32) {
-    // use padding only if dimension 0 is at least 8 times larger than the padding
-    // else we won't get much benefit from the optimization
-    const int n_pad_req = 8;
-
-    if (x->ne[0] % pad == 0 || x->ne[0] / pad < n_pad_req) {
-        return ggml_mul_mat(ctx, x, y);
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * x_0 = ggml_view_3d(ctx, x, (x->ne[0]/pad)*pad, x->ne[1], x->ne[2], x->nb[1], x->nb[2], 0);
-    struct ggml_tensor * x_1 = ggml_view_3d(ctx, x,  x->ne[0]%pad,      x->ne[1], x->ne[2], x->nb[1], x->nb[2], x_0->ne[0]*x_0->nb[0]);
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * y_0 = ggml_view_3d(ctx, y, (y->ne[0]/pad)*pad, y->ne[1], y->ne[2], y->nb[1], y->nb[2], 0);
-    struct ggml_tensor * y_1 = ggml_view_3d(ctx, y,  y->ne[0]%pad,      y->ne[1], y->ne[2], y->nb[1], y->nb[2], y_0->ne[0]*y_0->nb[0]);
-
-    return ggml_add(ctx,
-            ggml_mul_mat(ctx, x_0, y_0),
-            ggml_mul_mat(ctx, x_1, y_1));
-}
-
-// TODO: check if other platforms can benefit from this optimization
-// TODO: CUDA is currently broken - seems ggml_mul_mat does not handle views correctly
-#if defined(GGML_USE_METAL)
-#define ggml_mul_mat ggml_mul_mat_pad
-#endif
-
 // available whisper models
 enum e_model {
     MODEL_UNKNOWN,
@@ -919,7 +886,10 @@ struct whisper_state {
     std::vector<float> logits;
 
     std::vector<whisper_segment> result_all;
-    std::vector<whisper_token>   prompt_past;
+
+    // prompt history split into static prefix (prompt_past0) and dynamic rolling context (prompt_past1)
+    std::vector<whisper_token>   prompt_past0; // static carried initial prompt (if enabled)
+    std::vector<whisper_token>   prompt_past1; // dynamic context from decoded output
 
     int lang_id = 0; // english by default
 
@@ -1326,8 +1296,12 @@ static ggml_backend_t whisper_backend_init_gpu(const whisper_context_params & pa
     if (params.use_gpu) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
             ggml_backend_dev_t dev_cur = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
-            if (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev_cur) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) {
-                if (cnt == 0 || cnt == params.gpu_device) {
+            enum ggml_backend_dev_type dev_type = ggml_backend_dev_type(dev_cur);
+            const char * dev_name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev_cur);
+            WHISPER_LOG_INFO("%s: device %zu: %s (type: %d)\n", __func__, i, dev_name, dev_type);
+            if (dev_type == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU || dev_type == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU) {
+                WHISPER_LOG_INFO("%s: found GPU device %zu: %s (type: %d, cnt: %d)\n", __func__, i, dev_name, dev_type, cnt);
+                if (cnt == params.gpu_device) {
                     dev = dev_cur;
                 }
 
@@ -1395,8 +1369,8 @@ static buft_list_t make_buft_list(whisper_context_params & params) {
         int cnt = 0;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
             ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
-            if (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) {
-                if (cnt == 0 || cnt == params.gpu_device) {
+            if (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU || ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU) {
+                if (cnt == params.gpu_device) {
                     auto * buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev);
                     if (buft) {
                         buft_list.emplace_back(dev, buft);
@@ -1433,12 +1407,14 @@ static bool weight_buft_supported(const whisper_hparams & hparams, ggml_tensor *
     bool op_supported = true;
 
     if (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU ||
+        ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU ||
         (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU && buft == ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type())) {
         // GPU and default CPU backend support all operators
         op_supported = true;
     } else {
         switch (op) {
-            // The current extra_buffer_type implementations only support GGML_OP_MUL_MAT
+            // The current extra_buffer_type implementations only support GGML_OP_MUL_MAT and GGML_OP_GET_ROWS
+            case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
             case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT: {
                 ggml_init_params params = {
                     /*.mem_size   =*/ 2 * ggml_tensor_overhead(),
@@ -1454,9 +1430,15 @@ static bool weight_buft_supported(const whisper_hparams & hparams, ggml_tensor *
 
                 ggml_tensor * op_tensor = nullptr;
 
-                int64_t n_ctx = hparams.n_audio_ctx;
-                ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], n_ctx, w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
-                op_tensor = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, w, b);
+                if (op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
+                    int64_t n_ctx = hparams.n_audio_ctx;
+                    ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, w->ne[0], n_ctx, w->ne[2], w->ne[3]);
+                    op_tensor = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, w, b);
+                } else if (op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
+                    int64_t num_indices = 8;
+                    ggml_tensor * indices = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, num_indices);
+                    op_tensor = ggml_get_rows(ctx, w, indices);
+                }
 
                 // create a temporary dummy buffer for the weight so that supports_op can check the buffer type
                 GGML_ASSERT(w->buffer == nullptr);
@@ -2425,6 +2407,8 @@ static bool whisper_encode_internal(
                 return false;
             }
         } else {
+            ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
+
 #if defined(WHISPER_USE_COREML)
             whisper_coreml_encode(wstate.ctx_coreml, mel->ne[0], mel->ne[1], (float *) mel->data, (float *) wstate.embd_enc->data);
 #elif defined(WHISPER_USE_OPENVINO)
@@ -2521,7 +2505,7 @@ static struct ggml_cgraph * whisper_build_graph_decoder(
 
     const float KQscale = pow(float(n_state_head), -0.25);
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_mask = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD), 1);
+    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_mask = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, n_tokens, 1);
     ggml_set_name(KQ_mask, "KQ_mask");
     ggml_set_input(KQ_mask);
 
@@ -2945,7 +2929,7 @@ static bool whisper_decode_internal(
                     }
                 }
 
-                for (int i = n_tokens; i < GGML_PAD(n_tokens, GGML_KQ_MASK_PAD); ++i) {
+                for (int i = n_tokens; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
                     for (int j = 0; j < n_kv; ++j) {
                         data[h*(n_kv*n_tokens) + i*n_kv + j] = -INFINITY;
                     }
@@ -3622,7 +3606,7 @@ int whisper_ctx_init_openvino_encoder(
 struct whisper_context_params whisper_context_default_params() {
     struct whisper_context_params result = {
         /*.use_gpu              =*/ true,
-        /*.flash_attn           =*/ false,
+        /*.flash_attn           =*/ true,
         /*.gpu_device           =*/ 0,
 
         /*.dtw_token_timestamps =*/ false,
@@ -4476,6 +4460,7 @@ static bool weight_buft_supported(const whisper_vad_hparams & hparams, ggml_tens
     bool op_supported = true;
 
     if (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU ||
+        ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU ||
         (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU && buft == ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type())) {
         // GPU and default CPU backend support all operators
         op_supported = true;
@@ -4706,6 +4691,7 @@ static bool whisper_vad_init_context(whisper_vad_context * vctx) {
     ggml_set_name(vctx->c_state, "c_state");
 
     vctx->buffer = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors(ctx, vctx->backends[0]);
+    ggml_free(ctx);
     if (!vctx->buffer) {
         WHISPER_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate memory for the VAD state\n", __func__);
         return false;
@@ -5450,6 +5436,9 @@ struct whisper_vad_segments * whisper_vad_segments_from_samples(
 
 void whisper_vad_free(whisper_vad_context * ctx) {
     if (ctx) {
+        if (ctx->buffer) {
+            ggml_backend_buffer_free(ctx->buffer);
+        }
         for (ggml_context * context : ctx->model.ctxs) {
             ggml_free(context);
         }
@@ -5464,6 +5453,9 @@ void whisper_vad_free(whisper_vad_context * ctx) {
             ggml_backend_free(backend);
         }
 
+        delete[] ctx->model.hparams.encoder_in_channels;
+        delete[] ctx->model.hparams.encoder_out_channels;
+        delete[] ctx->model.hparams.kernel_sizes;
 
         delete ctx;
     }
@@ -5943,9 +5935,10 @@ struct whisper_full_params whisper_full_default_params(enum whisper_sampling_str
 
         /* suppress_regex    =*/ nullptr,
 
-        /*.initial_prompt    =*/ nullptr,
-        /*.prompt_tokens     =*/ nullptr,
-        /*.prompt_n_tokens   =*/ 0,
+        /*.initial_prompt       =*/ nullptr,
+        /*.carry_initial_prompt =*/ false,
+        /*.prompt_tokens        =*/ nullptr,
+        /*.prompt_n_tokens      =*/ 0,
 
         /*.language          =*/ "en",
         /*.detect_language   =*/ false,
@@ -6035,6 +6028,19 @@ static inline bool should_split_on_word(const char * txt, bool split_on_word) {
     return txt[0] == ' ';
 }
 
+// Count UTF-8 characters (not bytes) in a string
+static int utf8_len(const char * str) {
+    int count = 0;
+    while (*str) {
+        // Skip continuation bytes (10xxxxxx)
+        if ((*str & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+            count++;
+        }
+        str++;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
 static void whisper_exp_compute_token_level_timestamps_dtw(
             struct whisper_context * ctx,
               struct whisper_state * state,
@@ -6063,7 +6069,7 @@ static int whisper_wrap_segment(struct whisper_context & ctx, struct whisper_sta
         }
 
         const auto txt = whisper_token_to_str(&ctx, token.id);
-        const int cur = strlen(txt);
+        const int cur = utf8_len(txt);  // Use UTF-8 character count instead of byte count
 
         if (acc + cur > max_len && i > 0 && should_split_on_word(txt, split_on_word)) {
             state.result_all.back().text = std::move(text);
@@ -6643,6 +6649,10 @@ static bool whisper_vad(
 
     whisper_vad_segments * vad_segments = whisper_vad_segments_from_samples(vctx, vad_params, samples, n_samples);
 
+    if (!vad_segments) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     if (vad_segments->data.size() > 0) {
         state->has_vad_segments = true;
         ctx->state->vad_segments.clear();
@@ -6685,7 +6695,6 @@ static bool whisper_vad(
         } catch (const std::bad_alloc & /* e */) {
             WHISPER_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to allocate memory for filtered samples\n", __func__);
             whisper_vad_free_segments(vad_segments);
-            whisper_vad_free(vctx);
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -6694,12 +6703,13 @@ static bool whisper_vad(
             int segment_start_samples = cs_to_samples(vad_segments->data[i].start);
             int segment_end_samples   = cs_to_samples(vad_segments->data[i].end);
 
+            segment_start_samples = std::min(segment_start_samples, n_samples - 1);
+            segment_end_samples = std::min(segment_end_samples, n_samples - 1);
+            int original_segment_length = segment_end_samples - segment_start_samples;
+
             if (i < (int)vad_segments->data.size() - 1) {
-                segment_end_samples += overlap_samples;
+                segment_end_samples = std::min(segment_end_samples + overlap_samples, n_samples - 1);
             }
-
-            segment_start_samples = std::min(segment_start_samples, n_samples - 1);
-            segment_end_samples = std::min(segment_end_samples, n_samples);
             int segment_length = segment_end_samples - segment_start_samples;
             if (segment_length > 0) {
                 whisper_state::vad_segment_info segment;
@@ -6708,7 +6718,7 @@ static bool whisper_vad(
                 segment.orig_end   = vad_segments->data[i].end;
 
                 segment.vad_start = samples_to_cs(offset);
-                segment.vad_end   = samples_to_cs(offset + segment_length);
+                segment.vad_end   = samples_to_cs(offset + original_segment_length);
 
                 // Add segment boundaries to mapping table
                 vad_time_mapping start_mapping = {segment.vad_start, segment.orig_start};
@@ -6717,29 +6727,6 @@ static bool whisper_vad(
                 state->vad_mapping_table.push_back(start_mapping);
                 state->vad_mapping_table.push_back(end_mapping);
 
-                // Add intermediate points for longer segments to improve interpolation accuracy
-                const int64_t min_segment_length = 100; // 1 second
-                const int64_t point_interval = 20;     // Add a point every 200ms
-
-                if (segment.vad_end - segment.vad_start > min_segment_length) {
-                    int64_t segment_duration = segment.vad_end - segment.vad_start;
-                    int num_points = (int)(segment_duration / point_interval) - 1;
-
-                    for (int j = 1; j <= num_points; j++) {
-                        int64_t vad_time = segment.vad_start + j * point_interval;
-
-                        if (vad_time >= segment.vad_end) continue;
-
-                        int64_t vad_elapsed = vad_time - segment.vad_start;
-                        int64_t vad_total = segment.vad_end - segment.vad_start;
-                        int64_t orig_total = segment.orig_end - segment.orig_start;
-                        int64_t orig_time = segment.orig_start + (vad_elapsed * orig_total) / vad_total;
-
-                        vad_time_mapping intermediate_mapping = {vad_time, orig_time};
-                        state->vad_mapping_table.push_back(intermediate_mapping);
-                    }
-                }
-
                 WHISPER_LOG_INFO("%s: vad_segment_info: orig_start: %.2f, orig_end: %.2f, vad_start: %.2f, vad_end: %.2f\n",
                     __func__, segment.orig_start/100.0, segment.orig_end/100.0, segment.vad_start/100.0, segment.vad_end/100.0);
                 ctx->state->vad_segments.push_back(segment);
@@ -6791,6 +6778,7 @@ static bool whisper_vad(
                         __func__, n_samples, filtered_n_samples, 100.0f * (1.0f - (float)filtered_n_samples / n_samples));
     }
 
+    whisper_vad_free_segments(vad_segments);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -6902,17 +6890,22 @@ int whisper_full_with_state(
         decoder.rng = std::mt19937(params.seed + j);
     }
 
-    // the accumulated text context so far
-    auto & prompt_past = state->prompt_past;
+    // the accumulated text context split into static (prompt_past0) and dynamic (prompt_past1)
+    auto & prompt_past0 = state->prompt_past0;
+    auto & prompt_past1 = state->prompt_past1;
     if (params.no_context) {
-        prompt_past.clear();
+        prompt_past0.clear();
+        prompt_past1.clear();
     }
 
+    // calculate the maximum context budget for prompt history
+    const int max_prompt_ctx = std::min(params.n_max_text_ctx, whisper_n_text_ctx(ctx)/2);
+
     // prepare prompt
     {
         std::vector<whisper_token> prompt_tokens;
 
-        // initial prompt
+        // tokenize the initial prompt
         if (!params.prompt_tokens && params.initial_prompt) {
             prompt_tokens.resize(1024);
             int n_needed = whisper_tokenize(ctx, params.initial_prompt, prompt_tokens.data(), prompt_tokens.size());
@@ -6924,14 +6917,25 @@ int whisper_full_with_state(
             params.prompt_tokens   = prompt_tokens.data();
             params.prompt_n_tokens = prompt_tokens.size();
         }
-
-        // prepend the prompt tokens to the prompt_past
         if (params.prompt_tokens && params.prompt_n_tokens > 0) {
-            // parse tokens from the pointer
-            for (int i = 0; i < params.prompt_n_tokens; i++) {
-                prompt_past.push_back(params.prompt_tokens[i]);
+            if (params.carry_initial_prompt) {
+                if (prompt_past0.empty()) {
+                    const int max_tokens = std::max(1, max_prompt_ctx - 1);
+
+                    if (params.prompt_n_tokens > max_tokens) {
+                        WHISPER_LOG_WARN("%s: initial prompt is too long (%d tokens), will use only the last %d tokens\n",
+                                        __func__, params.prompt_n_tokens, max_tokens);
+                    }
+
+                    const int n_tokens = std::min(params.prompt_n_tokens, max_tokens);
+                    prompt_past0.assign(params.prompt_tokens + (params.prompt_n_tokens - n_tokens), params.prompt_tokens + params.prompt_n_tokens);
+                }
+            } else {
+                for (int i = 0; i < params.prompt_n_tokens; ++i) {
+                    prompt_past1.push_back(params.prompt_tokens[i]);
+                }
+                std::rotate(prompt_past1.begin(), prompt_past1.end() - params.prompt_n_tokens, prompt_past1.end());
             }
-            std::rotate(prompt_past.begin(), prompt_past.end() - params.prompt_n_tokens, prompt_past.end());
         }
     }
 
@@ -7017,7 +7021,8 @@ int whisper_full_with_state(
         // if there is a very short audio segment left to process, we remove any past prompt since it tends
         // to confuse the decoder and often make it repeat or hallucinate stuff
         if (seek > seek_start && seek + 500 >= seek_end) {
-            prompt_past.clear();
+            prompt_past0.clear();
+            prompt_past1.clear();
         }
 
         int best_decoder_id = 0;
@@ -7078,12 +7083,25 @@ int whisper_full_with_state(
             {
                 prompt.clear();
 
-                // if we have already generated some text, use it as a prompt to condition the next generation
-                if (!prompt_past.empty() && t_cur < 0.5f && params.n_max_text_ctx > 0) {
-                    int n_take = std::min(std::min(params.n_max_text_ctx, whisper_n_text_ctx(ctx)/2), int(prompt_past.size()));
+                if (params.n_max_text_ctx > 0 && t_cur < WHISPER_HISTORY_CONDITIONING_TEMP_CUTOFF) {
+                    const bool can_take0 = params.carry_initial_prompt && !prompt_past0.empty();
+                    const bool can_take1 = !prompt_past1.empty();
+
+                    if (max_prompt_ctx > 0 && (can_take0 || can_take1)) {
+                        // Always start with previous token marker to connect continuity
+                        prompt.push_back(whisper_token_prev(ctx));
+
+                        // Take static tokens (initial prompt) first
+                        int n_take0 = 0;
+                        if (can_take0) {
+                            n_take0 = prompt_past0.size();
+                            prompt.insert(prompt.end(), prompt_past0.end() - n_take0, prompt_past0.end());
+                        }
 
-                    prompt = { whisper_token_prev(ctx) };
-                    prompt.insert(prompt.begin() + 1, prompt_past.end() - n_take, prompt_past.end());
+                        // Fill remaining budget with dynamic tokens (rolling context)
+                        const int n_take1 = std::min<int>(max_prompt_ctx - n_take0 - 1, prompt_past1.size());
+                        prompt.insert(prompt.end(), prompt_past1.end() - n_take1, prompt_past1.end());
+                    }
                 }
 
                 // init new transcription with sot, language (opt) and task tokens
@@ -7565,14 +7583,17 @@ int whisper_full_with_state(
 
             //WHISPER_LOG_DEBUG("prompt_init.size() = %d, prompt.size() = %d, result_len = %d, seek_delta = %d\n", prompt_init.size(), prompt.size(), result_len, seek_delta);
 
-            // update prompt_past
-            prompt_past.clear();
-            if (prompt.front() == whisper_token_prev(ctx)) {
-                prompt_past.insert(prompt_past.end(), prompt.begin() + 1, prompt.end() - prompt_init.size());
+            // update prompt_past1
+            prompt_past1.clear();
+            if (!params.carry_initial_prompt && !prompt.empty() && prompt.front() == whisper_token_prev(ctx)) {
+                prompt_past1.insert(prompt_past1.end(), prompt.begin() + 1, prompt.end() - prompt_init.size());
             }
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < result_len && !is_no_speech; ++i) {
-                prompt_past.push_back(tokens_cur[i].id);
+            // Add newly decoded tokens to the rolling context
+            if (!is_no_speech) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < result_len; ++i) {
+                    prompt_past1.push_back(tokens_cur[i].id);
+                }
             }
 
             if (!tokens_cur.empty() && ctx->model.n_loaded > 0 && !is_no_speech) {
@@ -8943,6 +8964,10 @@ void whisper_log_set(ggml_log_callback log_callback, void * user_data) {
     ggml_log_set(g_state.log_callback, g_state.log_callback_user_data);
 }
 
+const char * whisper_version(void) {
+    return WHISPER_VERSION;
+}
+
 GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(2, 3)
 static void whisper_log_internal(ggml_log_level level, const char * format, ...) {
     va_list args;
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index efa1bbe3fc8..09e77ea89c2 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ set(VAD_TEST test-vad)
 add_executable(${VAD_TEST} ${VAD_TEST}.cpp)
 target_include_directories(${VAD_TEST} PRIVATE ../include ../ggml/include ../examples)
 target_link_libraries(${VAD_TEST} PRIVATE common)
+target_compile_definitions(${VAD_TEST} PRIVATE
+    VAD_MODEL_PATH="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/models/for-tests-silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin"
+    SAMPLE_PATH="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/samples/jfk.wav")
 add_test(NAME ${VAD_TEST} COMMAND ${VAD_TEST})
 set_tests_properties(${VAD_TEST} PROPERTIES LABELS "unit")
 
@@ -101,5 +104,9 @@ set(VAD_TEST test-vad-full)
 add_executable(${VAD_TEST} ${VAD_TEST}.cpp)
 target_include_directories(${VAD_TEST} PRIVATE ../include ../ggml/include ../examples)
 target_link_libraries(${VAD_TEST} PRIVATE common)
+target_compile_definitions(${VAD_TEST} PRIVATE
+    WHISPER_MODEL_PATH="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/models/ggml-base.en.bin"
+    VAD_MODEL_PATH="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/models/for-tests-silero-v6.2.0-ggml.bin"
+    SAMPLE_PATH="${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/samples/jfk.wav")
 add_test(NAME ${VAD_TEST} COMMAND ${VAD_TEST})
-set_tests_properties(${VAD_TARGET} PROPERTIES LABELS "base;en")
+set_tests_properties(${VAD_TEST} PROPERTIES LABELS "base;en")
diff --git a/tests/earnings21/README.md b/tests/earnings21/README.md
index 4d08ec2ffc3..8836483daf6 100644
--- a/tests/earnings21/README.md
+++ b/tests/earnings21/README.md
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ First, you need to download a VAD model:
 
 ```
 $ # Execute the commands below in the project root dir.
-$ ./models/download-vad-model.sh silero-v5.1.2
+$ ./models/download-vad-model.sh silero-v6.2.0
 ```
 
 Create `eval.conf` with the following content:
 
 ```
-WHISPER_FLAGS = --no-prints --language en --output-txt --vad --vad-model ../../models/ggml-silero-v5.1.2.bin
+WHISPER_FLAGS = --no-prints --language en --output-txt --vad --vad-model ../../models/ggml-silero-v6.2.0.bin
 ```
diff --git a/tests/test-vad-full.cpp b/tests/test-vad-full.cpp
index 9eac11ed2db..8295b06d957 100644
--- a/tests/test-vad-full.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-vad-full.cpp
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 #include <cassert>
 
 int main() {
-    std::string whisper_model_path = "../../models/ggml-base.en.bin";
-    std::string vad_model_path     = "../../models/for-tests-silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin";
-    std::string sample_path        = "../../samples/jfk.wav";
+    std::string whisper_model_path = WHISPER_MODEL_PATH;
+    std::string vad_model_path     = VAD_MODEL_PATH;
+    std::string sample_path        = SAMPLE_PATH;
 
     // Load the sample audio file
     std::vector<float> pcmf32;
@@ -42,11 +42,13 @@ int main() {
     const int n_segments = whisper_full_n_segments(wctx);
     assert(n_segments == 1);
 
+
+    printf("Segment text:\n%s", whisper_full_get_segment_text(wctx, 0));
     assert(strcmp(" And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you,"
                   " ask what you can do for your country.",
            whisper_full_get_segment_text(wctx, 0)) == 0);
-    assert(whisper_full_get_segment_t0(wctx, 0) == 29);
-    assert(whisper_full_get_segment_t1(wctx, 0) == 1049);
+    assert(whisper_full_get_segment_t0(wctx, 0) == 32);
+    assert(whisper_full_get_segment_t1(wctx, 0) == 1051);
 
     whisper_free(wctx);
 
diff --git a/tests/test-vad.cpp b/tests/test-vad.cpp
index e6886e31027..0003ae3acaa 100644
--- a/tests/test-vad.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-vad.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct whisper_vad_segments * test_detect_timestamps(
         struct whisper_vad_context * vctx,
         struct whisper_vad_params params) {
     struct whisper_vad_segments * timestamps = whisper_vad_segments_from_probs(vctx, params);
-    assert(whisper_vad_segments_n_segments(timestamps) == 5);
+    assert(whisper_vad_segments_n_segments(timestamps) == 4);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < whisper_vad_segments_n_segments(timestamps); ++i) {
         printf("VAD segment %d: start = %.2f, end = %.2f\n", i,
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ struct whisper_vad_segments * test_detect_timestamps(
 }
 
 int main() {
-    std::string vad_model_path = "../../models/for-tests-silero-v5.1.2-ggml.bin";
-    std::string sample_path    = "../../samples/jfk.wav";
+    std::string vad_model_path = VAD_MODEL_PATH;
+    std::string sample_path    = SAMPLE_PATH;
 
     // Load the sample audio file
     std::vector<float> pcmf32;